{"diffoscope-json-version": 1, "source1": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.vBdg3dxT/b1/grub2_2.12-5_arm64.changes", "source2": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.vBdg3dxT/b2/grub2_2.12-5_arm64.changes", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "Files", "source2": "Files", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n \n dd46d5f5b747292b94d06f037d5ee1b6 10872920 debug optional grub-common-dbgsym_2.12-5_arm64.deb\n 7315221368103cda6b867e8882776e96 2880008 admin optional grub-common_2.12-5_arm64.deb\n- f39ea9ac686c60ca7140415f7669ade2 940724 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.12-5_arm64.deb\n+ 42bb54cd6e9160a34cf068261b37bf35 940728 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.12-5_arm64.deb\n 8827461c07b9dff3bd086cc86b0c4637 3013200 debug optional grub-efi-arm64-dbg_2.12-5_arm64.deb\n 8e3ea9769b3acc800b02c0bd145c00ef 316492 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-signed-template_2.12-5_arm64.deb\n- 3fcd8e7199cc2c0139158b3e18d51573 1329568 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-unsigned_2.12-5_arm64.deb\n+ 534cbba00dc0a3f9bc6fe63555102c54 1329656 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-unsigned_2.12-5_arm64.deb\n 785b62f219167f71619e22cfd587bacd 45784 admin optional grub-efi-arm64_2.12-5_arm64.deb\n 50a431c75b5d28e42c17246440bdf1c3 2372 admin optional grub-efi_2.12-5_arm64.deb\n 21aa3863c5f16e81da5911ead0e93713 414300 debian-installer optional grub-mount-udeb_2.12-5_arm64.udeb\n 8fa9e0a55b8423684f5668a67f496628 2155984 admin optional grub-theme-starfield_2.12-5_arm64.deb\n be634fec724171a5d9f52383295118ff 1453420 debug optional grub2-common-dbgsym_2.12-5_arm64.deb\n- 1dc3c657cd6ccb35818992fd2bf7df7c 608776 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-5_arm64.deb\n+ 167933193d5ff5de2e29fdd3ba6ef69b 608732 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-5_arm64.deb\n"}, {"source1": "grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.12-5_arm64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.12-5_arm64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 6952 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 933580 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 933584 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -135,15 +135,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6520 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6648 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6528 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6632 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6592 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 12224 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4142 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2405 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2403 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 48304 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4600 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3120 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 183336 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5928 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 12312 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 206080 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=arm64\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-arm64-unsigned_2.12-5_arm64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-arm64-unsigned_2.12-5_arm64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1188 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1328188 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1192 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1328272 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/gcdaa64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/gcdaa64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -554774,15 +554774,15 @@\n \t...\n 253e30:\tudf\t#140\n 253e34:\tudf\t#0\n 253e38:\tudf\t#172\n 253e3c:\tudf\t#0\n 253e40:\t.inst\t0x000cd3b6 ; undefined\n 253e44:\tudf\t#0\n- 253e48:\tlslr\tz4.h, p0/m, z4.h, z0.h\n+ 253e48:\t.inst\t0x08ae8004 ; undefined\n 253e4c:\t.inst\t0xd3e00000 ; undefined\n 253e50:\tudf\t#12\n \t...\n 254a68:\tudf\t#2\n 254a6c:\tudf\t#40\n 254a70:\tldp\td14, d27, [x27, #-224]\n 254a74:\tstnp\tw1, w27, [x3, #-256]\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubaa64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubaa64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -642520,15 +642520,15 @@\n 2b2c94:\t.inst\t0x006c8018 ; undefined\n \t...\n 2b2ca4:\t.inst\t0x008c0000 ; undefined\n 2b2ca8:\tudf\t#0\n 2b2cac:\tmov\tx0, #0xa000 \t// #40960\n 2b2cb0:\tudf\t#12\n 2b2cb4:\t.inst\t0x80040000 ; undefined\n- 2b2cb8:\tudf\t#1111\n+ 2b2cb8:\tudf\t#2222\n 2b2cbc:\t.inst\t0x000cd2b6 ; undefined\n \t...\n 2b3a00:\tudf\t#3\n 2b3a04:\tudf\t#24\n 2b3a08:\t.inst\t0x4946452f ; undefined\n 2b3a0c:\t.inst\t0x6265642f ; undefined\n 2b3a10:\t.inst\t0x006e6169 ; undefined\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64-installer.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -559455,15 +559455,15 @@\n \t...\n 259490:\tudf\t#140\n 259494:\tudf\t#0\n 259498:\tudf\t#172\n 25949c:\tudf\t#0\n 2594a0:\t.inst\t0x000cd366 ; undefined\n 2594a4:\tudf\t#0\n- 2594a8:\tlslr\tz4.h, p0/m, z4.h, z0.h\n+ 2594a8:\t.inst\t0x08ae8004 ; undefined\n 2594ac:\t.inst\t0xd3900000 ; undefined\n 2594b0:\tudf\t#12\n \t...\n 25a118:\tudf\t#2\n 25a11c:\tudf\t#40\n 25a120:\tldp\td14, d27, [x27, #-224]\n 25a124:\tstnp\tw1, w27, [x3, #-256]\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -559455,15 +559455,15 @@\n \t...\n 259490:\tudf\t#140\n 259494:\tudf\t#0\n 259498:\tudf\t#172\n 25949c:\tudf\t#0\n 2594a0:\t.inst\t0x000cd366 ; undefined\n 2594a4:\tudf\t#0\n- 2594a8:\tlslr\tz4.h, p0/m, z4.h, z0.h\n+ 2594a8:\t.inst\t0x08ae8004 ; undefined\n 2594ac:\t.inst\t0xd3900000 ; undefined\n 2594b0:\tudf\t#12\n \t...\n 25a118:\tudf\t#2\n 25a11c:\tudf\t#40\n 25a120:\tldp\td14, d27, [x27, #-224]\n 25a124:\tstnp\tw1, w27, [x3, #-256]\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub2-common_2.12-5_arm64.deb", "source2": "grub2-common_2.12-5_arm64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1372 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 607212 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 607168 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -21,17 +21,17 @@\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/doc/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/grub/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1565 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 186 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub.md5sum\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 37889 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub-dev.info.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87277 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14852 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3581 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87278 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14853 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3576 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1958 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-install.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 921 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-reboot.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 655 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-set-default.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 248 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/update-grub.8.gz\n lrwxrwxrwx 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/sbin/update-grub2 -> update-grub\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-1", "source2": 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7373 6167 6573 2070 726f 6475 6365 messages produce\n-00000d50: 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a20 5573 6572 d by GRUB.* User\n-00000d60: 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 -space utilities\n-00000d70: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 6167 6520 :: Usage \n-00000d80: 6f66 2075 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 of user-space ut\n-00000d90: 696c 6974 6965 730a 2a20 4f62 7461 696e ilities.* Obtain\n-00000da0: 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 ing and Building\n-00000db0: 2047 5255 423a 3a20 486f 7720 746f 206f GRUB:: How to o\n-00000dc0: 6274 6169 6e20 616e 6420 6275 696c 6420 btain and build \n-00000dd0: 4752 5542 0a2a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 GRUB.* Reporting\n-00000de0: 2062 7567 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 bugs:: \n-00000df0: 2020 2020 2057 6865 7265 2079 6f75 2073 Where you s\n-00000e00: 686f 756c 6420 7365 6e64 2061 2062 7567 hould send a bug\n-00000e10: 2072 6570 6f72 740a 2a20 4675 7475 7265 report.* Future\n-00000e20: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00000e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f 6d65 2066 7574 Some fut\n-00000e40: 7572 6520 706c 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 5255 ure plans on GRU\n-00000e50: 420a 2a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 B.* Copying This\n-00000e60: 204d 616e 7561 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 Manual:: \n-00000e70: 2020 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d Copying This M\n-00000e80: 616e 7561 6c0a 2a20 496e 6465 783a 3a0a anual.* Index::.\n-00000e90: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00000ea0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 726f fo, Node: Intro\n-00000eb0: 6475 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 duction, Next: \n-00000ec0: 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f Naming conventio\n-00000ed0: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 546f 702c 2020 n, Prev: Top, \n-00000ee0: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 726f Up: Top..1 Intro\n-00000ef0: 6475 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2047 5255 420a duction to GRUB.\n-00000f00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00000f10: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ******..* Menu:.\n-00000f20: 0a2a 204f 7665 7276 6965 773a 3a20 2020 .* Overview:: \n+00000a60: 2020 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6520 6669 GRUB image fi\n+00000a70: 6c65 730a 2a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 les.* Core image\n+00000a80: 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e size limitation\n+00000a90: 3a3a 2020 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 :: GRUB image f\n+00000aa0: 696c 6573 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 iles size limita\n+00000ab0: 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 tions.* Filesyst\n+00000ac0: 656d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 em:: \n+00000ad0: 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Filesystem\n+00000ae0: 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 syntax and sema\n+00000af0: 6e74 6963 730a 2a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 ntics.* Interfac\n+00000b00: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:: \n+00000b10: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 The menu a\n+00000b20: 6e64 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c nd the command-l\n+00000b30: 696e 650a 2a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ine.* Environmen\n+00000b40: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n+00000b50: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e GRUB environ\n+00000b60: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a2a ment variables.*\n+00000b70: 204d 6f64 756c 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 Modules:: \n+00000b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 A\n+00000b90: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 vailable modules\n+00000ba0: 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a20 2020 .* Commands:: \n+00000bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000bc0: 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2062 7569 6c74 Available built\n+00000bd0: 696e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2a20 496e in commands.* In\n+00000be0: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 ternationalisati\n+00000bf0: 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 546f 7069 on:: Topi\n+00000c00: 6373 2072 656c 6174 696e 6720 746f 206c cs relating to l\n+00000c10: 616e 6775 6167 6520 7375 7070 6f72 740a anguage support.\n+00000c20: 2a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2020 2020 * Security:: \n+00000c30: 2020 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7567 2072 6570 6f72 740a 2a20 4675 7475 ug report.* Futu\n+00000e20: 7265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 re:: \n+00000e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f 6d65 2066 Some f\n+00000e40: 7574 7572 6520 706c 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 uture plans on G\n+00000e50: 5255 420a 2a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 RUB.* Copying Th\n+00000e60: 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 is Manual:: \n+00000e70: 2020 2020 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 Copying This\n+00000e80: 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a20 496e 6465 783a Manual.* Index:\n+00000e90: 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e :....File: grub.\n+00000ea0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 info, Node: Int\n+00000eb0: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 roduction, Next\n+00000ec0: 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 : Naming convent\n+00000ed0: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 546f 702c ion, Prev: Top,\n+00000ee0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 Up: Top..1 Int\n+00000ef0: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2047 5255 roduction to GRU\n+00000f00: 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GRUB i\n-000012b0: 730a 6465 7369 676e 6564 2074 6f20 6164 s.designed to ad\n-000012c0: 6472 6573 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 dress the comple\n-000012d0: 7869 7479 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 xity of booting \n-000012e0: 6120 7065 7273 6f6e 616c 2063 6f6d 7075 a personal compu\n-000012f0: 7465 723b 2062 6f74 680a 7468 6520 7072 ter; both.the pr\n-00001300: 6f67 7261 6d20 616e 6420 7468 6973 206d ogram and this m\n-00001310: 616e 7561 6c20 6172 6520 7469 6768 746c anual are tightl\n-00001320: 7920 626f 756e 6420 746f 2074 6861 7420 y bound to that \n-00001330: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 computer platfor\n-00001340: 6d2c 0a61 6c74 686f 7567 6820 706f 7274 m,.although port\n-00001350: 696e 6720 746f 206f 7468 6572 2070 6c61 ing to other pla\n-00001360: 7466 6f72 6d73 206d 6179 2062 6520 6164 tforms may be ad\n-00001370: 6472 6573 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 dressed in the f\n-00001380: 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e65 206f uture... One o\n-00001390: 6620 7468 6520 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 f the important \n-000013a0: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 features in GRUB\n-000013b0: 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 696c 6974 793b is flexibility;\n-000013c0: 2047 5255 420a 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 GRUB.understand\n-000013d0: 7320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 616e s filesystems an\n-000013e0: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2065 7865 6375 7461 d kernel executa\n-000013f0: 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 732c 2073 6f20 ble formats, so \n-00001400: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e20 you can load.an \n-00001410: 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 arbitrary operat\n-00001420: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2074 6865 2077 ing system the w\n-00001430: 6179 2079 6f75 206c 696b 652c 2077 6974 ay you like, wit\n-00001440: 686f 7574 2072 6563 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 hout recording t\n-00001450: 6865 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 706f 7369 he.physical posi\n-00001460: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 796f 7572 206b 6572 tion of your ker\n-00001470: 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2e nel on the disk.\n-00001480: 2020 5468 7573 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206c Thus you can l\n-00001490: 6f61 6420 7468 650a 6b65 726e 656c 206a oad the.kernel j\n-000014a0: 7573 7420 6279 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e ust by specifyin\n-000014b0: 6720 6974 7320 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 g its file name \n-000014c0: 616e 6420 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 616e and the drive an\n-000014d0: 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 7768 6572 d partition.wher\n-000014e0: 6520 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2072 6573 e the kernel res\n-000014f0: 6964 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2062 ides... When b\n-00001500: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 ooting with GRUB\n-00001510: 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 6569 , you can use ei\n-00001520: 7468 6572 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c ther a command-l\n-00001530: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 282a ine interface.(*\n-00001540: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e note Command-lin\n-00001550: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 2c20 e interface::), \n-00001560: 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 or a menu interf\n-00001570: 6163 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 656e 750a ace (*note Menu.\n-00001580: 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 2e20 2055 interface::). U\n-00001590: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 sing the command\n-000015a0: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c -line interface,\n-000015b0: 2079 6f75 2074 7970 6520 7468 6520 6472 you type the dr\n-000015c0: 6976 650a 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f ive.specificatio\n-000015d0: 6e20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 n and file name \n-000015e0: 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 of the kernel ma\n-000015f0: 6e75 616c 6c79 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 nually. In the \n-00001600: 6d65 6e75 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 menu.interface, \n-00001610: 796f 7520 6a75 7374 2073 656c 6563 7420 you just select \n-00001620: 616e 204f 5320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 an OS using the \n-00001630: 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 6865 arrow keys. The\n-00001640: 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a62 6173 6564 206f menu is.based o\n-00001650: 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f n a configuratio\n-00001660: 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 n file which you\n-00001670: 2070 7265 7061 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6568 prepare beforeh\n-00001680: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a43 6f6e 6669 and (*note.Confi\n-00001690: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 guration::). Wh\n-000016a0: 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c ile in the menu,\n-000016b0: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7769 7463 6820 you can switch \n-000016c0: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c to the command-l\n-000016d0: 696e 650a 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 7669 ine.mode, and vi\n-000016e0: 6365 2d76 6572 7361 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 ce-versa. You c\n-000016f0: 616e 2065 7665 6e20 6564 6974 206d 656e an even edit men\n-00001700: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 u entries before\n-00001710: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 using them... \n-00001720: 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e In the followin\n-00001730: 6720 6368 6170 7465 7273 2c20 796f 7520 g chapters, you \n-00001740: 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 726e 2068 6f77 2074 will learn how t\n-00001750: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 6472 6976 o specify a driv\n-00001760: 652c 2061 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 e, a.partition, \n-00001770: 616e 6420 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 and a file name \n-00001780: 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f (*note Naming co\n-00001790: 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 746f 2047 nvention::) to G\n-000017a0: 5255 422c 2068 6f77 2074 6f0a 696e 7374 RUB, how to.inst\n-000017b0: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f 7572 all GRUB on your\n-000017c0: 2064 7269 7665 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e drive (*note In\n-000017d0: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 stallation::), a\n-000017e0: 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2079 nd how to boot y\n-000017f0: 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 our.OSes (*note \n-00001800: 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 7374 6570 Booting::), step\n-00001810: 2062 7920 7374 6570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c by step.....Fil\n-00001820: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00001830: 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d 466f ode: Overview-Fo\n-00001840: 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4f76 otnotes, Up: Ov\n-00001850: 6572 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 20e2 erview.. (1) .\n-00001860: 809c 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 e280 9d20 ..chain-load... \n-00001870: 6973 2074 6865 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d is the mechanism\n-00001880: 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2075 6e73 for loading uns\n-00001890: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 7065 7261 7469 upported operati\n-000018a0: 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 2062 7920 6c6f ng.systems by lo\n-000018b0: 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f ading another bo\n-000018c0: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4974 2069 ot loader. It i\n-000018d0: 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 s typically used\n-000018e0: 2066 6f72 0a6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2044 4f53 for.loading DOS\n-000018f0: 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 0a0a 1f0a or Windows.....\n-00001900: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00001910: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c Node: History,\n-00001920: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 Next: Changes \n-00001930: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 from GRUB Legacy\n-00001940: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 7665 7276 6965 , Prev: Overvie\n-00001950: 772c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 w, Up: Introduc\n-00001960: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3220 4869 7374 6f72 tion..1.2 Histor\n-00001970: 7920 6f66 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d y of GRUB.======\n-00001980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 =============..G\n-00001990: 5255 4220 6f72 6967 696e 6174 6564 2069 RUB originated i\n-000019a0: 6e20 3139 3935 2077 6865 6e20 4572 6963 n 1995 when Eric\n-000019b0: 6820 426f 6c65 796e 2077 6173 2074 7279 h Boleyn was try\n-000019c0: 696e 6720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 ing to boot the \n-000019d0: 474e 550a 4875 7264 2077 6974 6820 7468 GNU.Hurd with th\n-000019e0: 6520 556e 6976 6572 7369 7479 206f 6620 e University of \n-000019f0: 5574 6168 2773 204d 6163 6820 3420 6d69 Utah's Mach 4 mi\n-00001a00: 6372 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c20 286e 6f77 206b crokernel (now k\n-00001a10: 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 474e 550a 4d61 6368 nown as GNU.Mach\n-00001a20: 292e 2020 4572 6963 6820 616e 6420 4272 ). Erich and Br\n-00001a30: 6961 6e20 466f 7264 2064 6573 6967 6e65 ian Ford designe\n-00001a40: 6420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 d the Multiboot \n-00001a50: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a Specification (*\n-00001a60: 6e6f 7465 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 note.Multiboot S\n-00001a70: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 3a20 286d pecification: (m\n-00001a80: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 6f70 2e29 2c20 ultiboot)Top.), \n-00001a90: 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6579 2077 6572 because they wer\n-00001aa0: 6520 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 0a6e 6f74 e determined.not\n-00001ab0: 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 206c to add to the l\n-00001ac0: 6172 6765 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 206d arge number of m\n-00001ad0: 7574 7561 6c6c 792d 696e 636f 6d70 6174 utually-incompat\n-00001ae0: 6962 6c65 2050 4320 626f 6f74 206d 6574 ible PC boot met\n-00001af0: 686f 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4572 6963 6820 hods... 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He soon rea\n-00001b60: 6c69 7a65 6420 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f lized that it wo\n-00001b70: 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c 6f74 2065 6173 uld be a lot eas\n-00001b80: 6965 7220 746f 0a77 7269 7465 2068 6973 ier to.write his\n-00001b90: 206f 776e 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 own boot loader\n-00001ba0: 2066 726f 6d20 7363 7261 7463 6820 7468 from scratch th\n-00001bb0: 616e 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 2077 6f72 6b69 an to keep worki\n-00001bc0: 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 4672 6565 4253 ng on the.FreeBS\n-00001bd0: 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2061 D boot loader, a\n-00001be0: 6e64 2073 6f20 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 nd so GRUB was b\n-00001bf0: 6f72 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2045 7269 6368 2061 orn... Erich a\n-00001c00: 6464 6564 206d 616e 7920 6665 6174 7572 dded many featur\n-00001c10: 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 es to GRUB, but \n-00001c20: 6f74 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 7469 6573 other priorities\n-00001c30: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 6564 2068 696d 0a66 prevented him.f\n-00001c40: 726f 6d20 6b65 6570 696e 6720 7570 2077 rom keeping up w\n-00001c50: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6465 6d61 6e64 7320 ith the demands \n-00001c60: 6f66 2069 7473 2071 7569 636b 6c79 2d65 of its quickly-e\n-00001c70: 7870 616e 6469 6e67 2075 7365 7220 6261 xpanding user ba\n-00001c80: 7365 2e20 2049 6e0a 3139 3939 2c20 476f se. In.1999, Go\n-00001c90: 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 7420 rdon Matzigkeit \n-00001ca0: 616e 6420 596f 7368 696e 6f72 6920 4b2e and Yoshinori K.\n-00001cb0: 204f 6b75 6a69 2061 646f 7074 6564 2047 Okuji adopted G\n-00001cc0: 5255 4220 6173 2061 6e0a 6f66 6669 6369 RUB as an.offici\n-00001cd0: 616c 2047 4e55 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2c20 al GNU package, \n-00001ce0: 616e 6420 6f70 656e 6564 2069 7473 2064 and opened its d\n-00001cf0: 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2062 7920 6d61 evelopment by ma\n-00001d00: 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 206c 6174 6573 740a king the latest.\n-00001d10: 736f 7572 6365 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c sources availabl\n-00001d20: 6520 7669 6120 616e 6f6e 796d 6f75 7320 e via anonymous \n-00001d30: 4356 532e 202a 4e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 CVS. *Note Obtai\n-00001d40: 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e ning and Buildin\n-00001d50: 670a 4752 5542 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f g.GRUB::, for mo\n-00001d60: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a re information..\n-00001d70: 0a20 2020 4f76 6572 2074 6865 206e 6578 . Over the nex\n-00001d80: 7420 6665 7720 7965 6172 732c 2047 5255 t few years, GRU\n-00001d90: 4220 7761 7320 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2074 B was extended t\n-00001da0: 6f20 6d65 6574 206d 616e 7920 6e65 6564 o meet many need\n-00001db0: 732c 2062 7574 2069 740a 7175 6963 6b6c s, but it.quickl\n-00001dc0: 7920 6265 6361 6d65 2063 6c65 6172 2074 y became clear t\n-00001dd0: 6861 7420 6974 7320 6465 7369 676e 2077 hat its design w\n-00001de0: 6173 206e 6f74 206b 6565 7069 6e67 2075 as not keeping u\n-00001df0: 7020 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a65 7874 656e p with the.exten\n-00001e00: 7369 6f6e 7320 6265 696e 6720 6d61 6465 sions being made\n-00001e10: 2074 6f20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 7765 2072 to it, and we r\n-00001e20: 6561 6368 6564 2074 6865 2070 6f69 6e74 eached the point\n-00001e30: 2077 6865 7265 2069 7420 7761 7320 7665 where it was ve\n-00001e40: 7279 0a64 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 ry.difficult to \n-00001e50: 6d61 6b65 2061 6e79 2066 7572 7468 6572 make any further\n-00001e60: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 changes without\n-00001e70: 2062 7265 616b 696e 6720 6578 6973 7469 breaking existi\n-00001e80: 6e67 0a66 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 4172 ng.features. 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Okuji st\n-00001eb0: 6172 7465 6420 776f 726b 206f 6e20 5055 arted work on PU\n-00001ec0: 5041 0a28 5072 656c 696d 696e 6172 7920 PA.(Preliminary \n-00001ed0: 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c20 5072 6f67 7261 Universal Progra\n-00001ee0: 6d6d 696e 6720 4172 6368 6974 6563 7475 mming Architectu\n-00001ef0: 7265 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4229 re for GNU GRUB)\n-00001f00: 2c20 6169 6d69 6e67 2074 6f0a 7265 7772 , aiming to.rewr\n-00001f10: 6974 6520 7468 6520 636f 7265 206f 6620 ite the core of \n-00001f20: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 GRUB to make it \n-00001f30: 636c 6561 6e65 722c 2073 6166 6572 2c20 cleaner, safer, \n-00001f40: 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 742c 2061 6e64 more robust, and\n-00001f50: 0a6d 6f72 6520 706f 7765 7266 756c 2e20 .more powerful. \n-00001f60: 2050 5550 4120 7761 7320 6576 656e 7475 PUPA was eventu\n-00001f70: 616c 6c79 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 ally renamed to \n-00001f80: 4752 5542 2032 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 GRUB 2, and the \n-00001f90: 6f72 6967 696e 616c 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e original.version\n-00001fa0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 2072 656e of GRUB was ren\n-00001fb0: 616d 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 204c 6567 amed to GRUB Leg\n-00001fc0: 6163 792e 2020 536d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 acy. Small amou\n-00001fd0: 6e74 7320 6f66 0a6d 6169 6e74 656e 616e nts of.maintenan\n-00001fe0: 6365 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6564 2074 6f20 ce continued to \n-00001ff0: 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6f6e 2047 5255 4220 be done on GRUB \n-00002000: 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 6275 7420 7468 6520 Legacy, but the \n-00002010: 6c61 7374 2072 656c 6561 7365 0a28 302e last release.(0.\n-00002020: 3937 2920 7761 7320 6d61 6465 2069 6e20 97) was made in \n-00002030: 3230 3035 2061 6e64 2061 7420 7468 6520 2005 and at the \n-00002040: 7469 6d65 206f 6620 7772 6974 696e 6720 time of writing \n-00002050: 6974 2073 6565 6d73 2075 6e6c 696b 656c it seems unlikel\n-00002060: 790a 7468 6174 2074 6865 7265 2077 696c y.that there wil\n-00002070: 6c20 6265 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2e0a 0a20 l be another... \n-00002080: 2020 4279 2061 726f 756e 6420 3230 3037 By around 2007\n-00002090: 2c20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 , GNU/Linux dist\n-000020a0: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6172 7465 ributions starte\n-000020b0: 6420 746f 2075 7365 2047 5255 4220 3220 d to use GRUB 2 \n-000020c0: 746f 0a6c 696d 6974 6564 2065 7874 656e to.limited exten\n-000020d0: 7473 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2074 6865 2065 ts, and by the e\n-000020e0: 6e64 206f 6620 3230 3039 206d 756c 7469 nd of 2009 multi\n-000020f0: 706c 6520 6d61 6a6f 7220 6469 7374 7269 ple major distri\n-00002100: 6275 7469 6f6e 730a 7765 7265 2069 6e73 butions.were ins\n-00002110: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 6974 2062 7920 6465 talling it by de\n-00002120: 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 fault.....File: \n-00002130: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00002140: 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 : Changes from G\n-00002150: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 204e 6578 RUB Legacy, Nex\n-00002160: 743a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732c 2020 5072 t: Features, Pr\n-00002170: 6576 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 ev: History, Up\n-00002180: 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a : Introduction..\n-00002190: 312e 3320 4469 6666 6572 656e 6365 7320 1.3 Differences \n-000021a0: 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 from previous ve\n-000021b0: 7273 696f 6e73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rsions.=========\n+00000f40: 2020 2057 6861 7420 6578 6163 746c 7920 What exactly \n+00000f50: 4752 5542 2069 7320 616e 6420 686f 7720 GRUB is and how \n+00000f60: 746f 2075 7365 2069 740a 2a20 4869 7374 to use it.* Hist\n+00000f70: 6f72 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ory:: \n+00000f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4672 6f6d 206d From m\n+00000f90: 6167 676f 7420 746f 2068 6f75 7365 2066 aggot to house f\n+00000fa0: 6c79 0a2a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f ly.* Changes fro\n+00000fb0: 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a 3a20 m GRUB Legacy:: \n+00000fc0: 2020 2044 6966 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2066 Differences f\n+00000fd0: 726f 6d20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 rom previous ver\n+00000fe0: 7369 6f6e 730a 2a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 sions.* Features\n+00000ff0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00001000: 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 GRUB featu\n+00001010: 7265 730a 2a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 res.* Role of a \n+00001020: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 boot loader:: \n+00001030: 2020 2020 5468 6520 726f 6c65 206f 6620 The role of \n+00001040: 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 0a1f a boot loader...\n+00001050: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00001060: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 , Node: Overvie\n+00001070: 772c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 w, Next: Histor\n+00001080: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 y, Up: Introduc\n+00001090: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3120 4f76 6572 7669 tion..1.1 Overvi\n+000010a0: 6577 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ew.============.\n+000010b0: 0a42 7269 6566 6c79 2c20 6120 e280 9c62 .Briefly, a ...b\n+000010c0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9d20 6973 oot loader... is\n+000010d0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6f66 7477 the first softw\n+000010e0: 6172 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 7468 6174 are program that\n+000010f0: 2072 756e 7320 7768 656e 2061 0a63 6f6d runs when a.com\n+00001100: 7075 7465 7220 7374 6172 7473 2e20 2049 puter starts. I\n+00001110: 7420 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 t is responsible\n+00001120: 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e64 for loading and\n+00001130: 2074 7261 6e73 6665 7272 696e 6720 636f transferring co\n+00001140: 6e74 726f 6c0a 746f 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 ntrol.to an oper\n+00001150: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 20e2 809c ating system ...\n+00001160: 6b65 726e 656c e280 9d20 736f 6674 7761 kernel... softwa\n+00001170: 7265 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 4c69 6e75 re (such as Linu\n+00001180: 7820 6f72 2047 4e55 204d 6163 6829 2e0a x or GNU Mach)..\n+00001190: 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 696e 2074 The kernel, in t\n+000011a0: 7572 6e2c 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 urn, initializes\n+000011b0: 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the rest of the\n+000011c0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+000011d0: 6d20 2865 2e67 2e0a 6120 474e 5520 7379 m (e.g..a GNU sy\n+000011e0: 7374 656d 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 4e55 2047 stem)... GNU G\n+000011f0: 5255 4220 6973 2061 2076 6572 7920 706f RUB is a very po\n+00001200: 7765 7266 756c 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 werful boot load\n+00001210: 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6c6f er, which can lo\n+00001220: 6164 2061 2077 6964 650a 7661 7269 6574 ad a wide.variet\n+00001230: 7920 6f66 2066 7265 6520 6f70 6572 6174 y of free operat\n+00001240: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 7320 ing systems, as \n+00001250: 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7072 6f70 7269 6574 well as propriet\n+00001260: 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e 670a 7379 ary operating.sy\n+00001270: 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 2063 6861 696e stems with chain\n+00001280: 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2831 2920 282a 6e6f -loading(1) (*no\n+00001290: 7465 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d 466f 6f74 te Overview-Foot\n+000012a0: 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 4752 5542 note-1::). GRUB\n+000012b0: 2069 730a 6465 7369 676e 6564 2074 6f20 is.designed to \n+000012c0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 address the comp\n+000012d0: 6c65 7869 7479 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e lexity of bootin\n+000012e0: 6720 6120 7065 7273 6f6e 616c 2063 6f6d g a personal com\n+000012f0: 7075 7465 723b 2062 6f74 680a 7468 6520 puter; both.the \n+00001300: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 616e 6420 7468 6973 program and this\n+00001310: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6172 6520 7469 6768 manual are tigh\n+00001320: 746c 7920 626f 756e 6420 746f 2074 6861 tly bound to tha\n+00001330: 7420 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2070 6c61 7466 t computer platf\n+00001340: 6f72 6d2c 0a61 6c74 686f 7567 6820 706f orm,.although po\n+00001350: 7274 696e 6720 746f 206f 7468 6572 2070 rting to other p\n+00001360: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 206d 6179 2062 6520 latforms may be \n+00001370: 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 addressed in the\n+00001380: 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e65 future... One\n+00001390: 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 706f 7274 616e of the importan\n+000013a0: 7420 6665 6174 7572 6573 2069 6e20 4752 t features in GR\n+000013b0: 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 696c 6974 UB is flexibilit\n+000013c0: 793b 2047 5255 420a 756e 6465 7273 7461 y; GRUB.understa\n+000013d0: 6e64 7320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 nds filesystems \n+000013e0: 616e 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2065 7865 6375 and kernel execu\n+000013f0: 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 732c 2073 table formats, s\n+00001400: 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 0a61 o you can load.a\n+00001410: 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 6f70 6572 n arbitrary oper\n+00001420: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2074 6865 ating system the\n+00001430: 2077 6179 2079 6f75 206c 696b 652c 2077 way you like, w\n+00001440: 6974 686f 7574 2072 6563 6f72 6469 6e67 ithout recording\n+00001450: 2074 6865 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 706f the.physical po\n+00001460: 7369 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 796f 7572 206b sition of your k\n+00001470: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6973 ernel on the dis\n+00001480: 6b2e 2020 5468 7573 2079 6f75 2063 616e k. Thus you can\n+00001490: 206c 6f61 6420 7468 650a 6b65 726e 656c load the.kernel\n+000014a0: 206a 7573 7420 6279 2073 7065 6369 6679 just by specify\n+000014b0: 696e 6720 6974 7320 6669 6c65 206e 616d ing its file nam\n+000014c0: 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 e and the drive \n+000014d0: 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 7768 and partition.wh\n+000014e0: 6572 6520 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2072 ere the kernel r\n+000014f0: 6573 6964 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e esides... When\n+00001500: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2077 6974 6820 4752 booting with GR\n+00001510: 5542 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 UB, you can use \n+00001520: 6569 7468 6572 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 either a command\n+00001530: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a -line interface.\n+00001540: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c (*note Command-l\n+00001550: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 ine interface::)\n+00001560: 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 , or a menu inte\n+00001570: 7266 6163 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 656e rface (*note Men\n+00001580: 750a 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 2e20 u.interface::). \n+00001590: 2055 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 Using the comma\n+000015a0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n+000015b0: 652c 2079 6f75 2074 7970 6520 7468 6520 e, you type the \n+000015c0: 6472 6976 650a 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 drive.specificat\n+000015d0: 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 206e 616d ion and file nam\n+000015e0: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 e of the kernel \n+000015f0: 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 manually. In th\n+00001600: 6520 6d65 6e75 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu.interface\n+00001610: 2c20 796f 7520 6a75 7374 2073 656c 6563 , you just selec\n+00001620: 7420 616e 204f 5320 7573 696e 6720 7468 t an OS using th\n+00001630: 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 e arrow keys. T\n+00001640: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a62 6173 6564 he menu is.based\n+00001650: 206f 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 on a configurat\n+00001660: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 6869 6368 2079 ion file which y\n+00001670: 6f75 2070 7265 7061 7265 2062 6566 6f72 ou prepare befor\n+00001680: 6568 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a43 6f6e ehand (*note.Con\n+00001690: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 figuration::). \n+000016a0: 5768 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e While in the men\n+000016b0: 752c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7769 7463 u, you can switc\n+000016c0: 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 h to the command\n+000016d0: 2d6c 696e 650a 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 -line.mode, and \n+000016e0: 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 2e20 2059 6f75 vice-versa. You\n+000016f0: 2063 616e 2065 7665 6e20 6564 6974 206d can even edit m\n+00001700: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f enu entries befo\n+00001710: 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a re using them...\n+00001720: 2020 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 In the follow\n+00001730: 696e 6720 6368 6170 7465 7273 2c20 796f ing chapters, yo\n+00001740: 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 726e 2068 6f77 u will learn how\n+00001750: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 6472 to specify a dr\n+00001760: 6976 652c 2061 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ive, a.partition\n+00001770: 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d , and a file nam\n+00001780: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d 696e 6720 e (*note Naming \n+00001790: 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 746f convention::) to\n+000017a0: 2047 5255 422c 2068 6f77 2074 6f0a 696e GRUB, how to.in\n+000017b0: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f stall GRUB on yo\n+000017c0: 7572 2064 7269 7665 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ur drive (*note \n+000017d0: 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c Installation::),\n+000017e0: 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 and how to boot\n+000017f0: 2079 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 your.OSes (*not\n+00001800: 6520 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 7374 e Booting::), st\n+00001810: 6570 2062 7920 7374 6570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ep by step.....F\n+00001820: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00001830: 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d Node: Overview-\n+00001840: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Footnotes, Up: \n+00001850: 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 Overview.. (1)\n+00001860: 20e2 809c 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 e280 ...chain-load..\n+00001870: 9d20 6973 2074 6865 206d 6563 6861 6e69 . is the mechani\n+00001880: 736d 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2075 sm for loading u\n+00001890: 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 7065 7261 nsupported opera\n+000018a0: 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 2062 7920 ting.systems by \n+000018b0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 loading another \n+000018c0: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4974 boot loader. It\n+000018d0: 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 is typically us\n+000018e0: 6564 2066 6f72 0a6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2044 ed for.loading D\n+000018f0: 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 0a0a OS or Windows...\n+00001900: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00001910: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 o, Node: Histor\n+00001920: 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 616e 6765 y, Next: Change\n+00001930: 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 s from GRUB Lega\n+00001940: 6379 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 7665 7276 cy, Prev: Overv\n+00001950: 6965 772c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 iew, Up: Introd\n+00001960: 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3220 4869 7374 uction..1.2 Hist\n+00001970: 6f72 7920 6f66 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d ory of GRUB.====\n+00001980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00001990: 0a47 5255 4220 6f72 6967 696e 6174 6564 .GRUB originated\n+000019a0: 2069 6e20 3139 3935 2077 6865 6e20 4572 in 1995 when Er\n+000019b0: 6963 6820 426f 6c65 796e 2077 6173 2074 ich Boleyn was t\n+000019c0: 7279 696e 6720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 rying to boot th\n+000019d0: 6520 474e 550a 4875 7264 2077 6974 6820 e GNU.Hurd with \n+000019e0: 7468 6520 556e 6976 6572 7369 7479 206f the University o\n+000019f0: 6620 5574 6168 2773 204d 6163 6820 3420 f Utah's Mach 4 \n+00001a00: 6d69 6372 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c20 286e 6f77 microkernel (now\n+00001a10: 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 474e 550a 4d61 known as GNU.Ma\n+00001a20: 6368 292e 2020 4572 6963 6820 616e 6420 ch). Erich and \n+00001a30: 4272 6961 6e20 466f 7264 2064 6573 6967 Brian Ford desig\n+00001a40: 6e65 6420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ned the Multiboo\n+00001a50: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 t Specification \n+00001a60: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 (*note.Multiboot\n+00001a70: 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 3a20 Specification: \n+00001a80: 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 6f70 2e29 (multiboot)Top.)\n+00001a90: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6579 2077 , because they w\n+00001aa0: 6572 6520 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 0a6e ere determined.n\n+00001ab0: 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 ot to add to the\n+00001ac0: 206c 6172 6765 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 large number of\n+00001ad0: 206d 7574 7561 6c6c 792d 696e 636f 6d70 mutually-incomp\n+00001ae0: 6174 6962 6c65 2050 4320 626f 6f74 206d atible PC boot m\n+00001af0: 6574 686f 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4572 6963 ethods... Eric\n+00001b00: 6820 7468 656e 2062 6567 616e 206d 6f64 h then began mod\n+00001b10: 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2046 7265 6542 ifying the FreeB\n+00001b20: 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2073 SD boot loader s\n+00001b30: 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f 756c 640a o that it would.\n+00001b40: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 204d 756c 7469 understand Multi\n+00001b50: 626f 6f74 2e20 2048 6520 736f 6f6e 2072 boot. He soon r\n+00001b60: 6561 6c69 7a65 6420 7468 6174 2069 7420 ealized that it \n+00001b70: 776f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c 6f74 2065 would be a lot e\n+00001b80: 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a77 7269 7465 2068 asier to.write h\n+00001b90: 6973 206f 776e 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 is own boot load\n+00001ba0: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7363 7261 7463 6820 er from scratch \n+00001bb0: 7468 616e 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 2077 6f72 than to keep wor\n+00001bc0: 6b69 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 4672 6565 king on the.Free\n+00001bd0: 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c BSD boot loader,\n+00001be0: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 4752 5542 2077 6173 and so GRUB was\n+00001bf0: 2062 6f72 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2045 7269 6368 born... Erich\n+00001c00: 2061 6464 6564 206d 616e 7920 6665 6174 added many feat\n+00001c10: 7572 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 ures to GRUB, bu\n+00001c20: 7420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 7469 t other prioriti\n+00001c30: 6573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 6564 2068 696d es prevented him\n+00001c40: 0a66 726f 6d20 6b65 6570 696e 6720 7570 .from keeping up\n+00001c50: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6465 6d61 6e64 with the demand\n+00001c60: 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2071 7569 636b 6c79 s of its quickly\n+00001c70: 2d65 7870 616e 6469 6e67 2075 7365 7220 -expanding user \n+00001c80: 6261 7365 2e20 2049 6e0a 3139 3939 2c20 base. In.1999, \n+00001c90: 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 Gordon Matzigkei\n+00001ca0: 7420 616e 6420 596f 7368 696e 6f72 6920 t and Yoshinori \n+00001cb0: 4b2e 204f 6b75 6a69 2061 646f 7074 6564 K. Okuji adopted\n+00001cc0: 2047 5255 4220 6173 2061 6e0a 6f66 6669 GRUB as an.offi\n+00001cd0: 6369 616c 2047 4e55 2070 6163 6b61 6765 cial GNU package\n+00001ce0: 2c20 616e 6420 6f70 656e 6564 2069 7473 , and opened its\n+00001cf0: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2062 7920 development by \n+00001d00: 6d61 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 206c 6174 6573 making the lates\n+00001d10: 740a 736f 7572 6365 7320 6176 6169 6c61 t.sources availa\n+00001d20: 626c 6520 7669 6120 616e 6f6e 796d 6f75 ble via anonymou\n+00001d30: 7320 4356 532e 202a 4e6f 7465 204f 6274 s CVS. *Note Obt\n+00001d40: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n+00001d50: 696e 670a 4752 5542 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 ing.GRUB::, for \n+00001d60: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n+00001d70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f76 6572 2074 6865 206e ... Over the n\n+00001d80: 6578 7420 6665 7720 7965 6172 732c 2047 ext few years, G\n+00001d90: 5255 4220 7761 7320 6578 7465 6e64 6564 RUB was extended\n+00001da0: 2074 6f20 6d65 6574 206d 616e 7920 6e65 to meet many ne\n+00001db0: 6564 732c 2062 7574 2069 740a 7175 6963 eds, but it.quic\n+00001dc0: 6b6c 7920 6265 6361 6d65 2063 6c65 6172 kly became clear\n+00001dd0: 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 6465 7369 676e that its design\n+00001de0: 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206b 6565 7069 6e67 was not keeping\n+00001df0: 2075 7020 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a65 7874 up with the.ext\n+00001e00: 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 6265 696e 6720 6d61 ensions being ma\n+00001e10: 6465 2074 6f20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 7765 de to it, and we\n+00001e20: 2072 6561 6368 6564 2074 6865 2070 6f69 reached the poi\n+00001e30: 6e74 2077 6865 7265 2069 7420 7761 7320 nt where it was \n+00001e40: 7665 7279 0a64 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 very.difficult t\n+00001e50: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 6e79 2066 7572 7468 o make any furth\n+00001e60: 6572 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2077 6974 686f er changes witho\n+00001e70: 7574 2062 7265 616b 696e 6720 6578 6973 ut breaking exis\n+00001e80: 7469 6e67 0a66 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 ting.features. \n+00001e90: 4172 6f75 6e64 2032 3030 322c 2059 6f73 Around 2002, Yos\n+00001ea0: 6869 6e6f 7269 204b 2e20 4f6b 756a 6920 hinori K. Okuji \n+00001eb0: 7374 6172 7465 6420 776f 726b 206f 6e20 started work on \n+00001ec0: 5055 5041 0a28 5072 656c 696d 696e 6172 PUPA.(Preliminar\n+00001ed0: 7920 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c20 5072 6f67 y Universal Prog\n+00001ee0: 7261 6d6d 696e 6720 4172 6368 6974 6563 ramming Architec\n+00001ef0: 7475 7265 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2047 5255 ture for GNU GRU\n+00001f00: 4229 2c20 6169 6d69 6e67 2074 6f0a 7265 B), aiming to.re\n+00001f10: 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 636f 7265 206f write the core o\n+00001f20: 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 f GRUB to make i\n+00001f30: 7420 636c 6561 6e65 722c 2073 6166 6572 t cleaner, safer\n+00001f40: 2c20 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 742c 2061 , more robust, a\n+00001f50: 6e64 0a6d 6f72 6520 706f 7765 7266 756c nd.more powerful\n+00001f60: 2e20 2050 5550 4120 7761 7320 6576 656e . PUPA was even\n+00001f70: 7475 616c 6c79 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 tually renamed t\n+00001f80: 6f20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 616e 6420 7468 o GRUB 2, and th\n+00001f90: 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 0a76 6572 7369 e original.versi\n+00001fa0: 6f6e 206f 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 2072 on of GRUB was r\n+00001fb0: 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 204c enamed to GRUB L\n+00001fc0: 6567 6163 792e 2020 536d 616c 6c20 616d egacy. Small am\n+00001fd0: 6f75 6e74 7320 6f66 0a6d 6169 6e74 656e ounts of.mainten\n+00001fe0: 616e 6365 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6564 2074 ance continued t\n+00001ff0: 6f20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6f6e 2047 5255 o be done on GRU\n+00002000: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 6275 7420 7468 B Legacy, but th\n+00002010: 6520 6c61 7374 2072 656c 6561 7365 0a28 e last release.(\n+00002020: 302e 3937 2920 7761 7320 6d61 6465 2069 0.97) was made i\n+00002030: 6e20 3230 3035 2061 6e64 2061 7420 7468 n 2005 and at th\n+00002040: 6520 7469 6d65 206f 6620 7772 6974 696e e time of writin\n+00002050: 6720 6974 2073 6565 6d73 2075 6e6c 696b g it seems unlik\n+00002060: 656c 790a 7468 6174 2074 6865 7265 2077 ely.that there w\n+00002070: 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2e0a ill be another..\n+00002080: 0a20 2020 4279 2061 726f 756e 6420 3230 . By around 20\n+00002090: 3037 2c20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 07, GNU/Linux di\n+000020a0: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6172 stributions star\n+000020b0: 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 2047 5255 4220 ted to use GRUB \n+000020c0: 3220 746f 0a6c 696d 6974 6564 2065 7874 2 to.limited ext\n+000020d0: 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2074 6865 ents, and by the\n+000020e0: 2065 6e64 206f 6620 3230 3039 206d 756c end of 2009 mul\n+000020f0: 7469 706c 6520 6d61 6a6f 7220 6469 7374 tiple major dist\n+00002100: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 730a 7765 7265 2069 ributions.were i\n+00002110: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 6974 2062 7920 nstalling it by \n+00002120: 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 default.....File\n+00002130: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00002140: 6465 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d de: Changes from\n+00002150: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 204e GRUB Legacy, N\n+00002160: 6578 743a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732c 2020 ext: Features, \n+00002170: 5072 6576 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 Prev: History, \n+00002180: 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e Up: Introduction\n+00002190: 0a0a 312e 3320 4469 6666 6572 656e 6365 ..1.3 Difference\n+000021a0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 s from previous \n+000021b0: 7665 7273 696f 6e73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d versions.=======\n 000021c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 =============..G\n-000021e0: 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 2072 6577 7269 RUB 2 is a rewri\n-000021f0: 7465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 te of GRUB (*not\n-00002200: 6520 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 616c e History::), al\n-00002210: 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 7368 6172 6573 though it shares\n-00002220: 206d 616e 790a 6368 6172 6163 7465 7269 many.characteri\n-00002230: 7374 6963 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2070 stics with the p\n-00002240: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e2c revious version,\n-00002250: 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4752 now known as GR\n-00002260: 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e 0a55 7365 7273 UB Legacy..Users\n-00002270: 206f 6620 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 of GRUB Legacy \n-00002280: 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 6775 may need some gu\n-00002290: 6964 616e 6365 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 idance to find t\n-000022a0: 6865 6972 2077 6179 2061 726f 756e 640a heir way around.\n-000022b0: 7468 6973 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 6f6e this new version\n-000022c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 636f ... ... The co\n-000022d0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-000022e0: 2068 6173 2061 206e 6577 206e 616d 6520 has a new name \n-000022f0: 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 (...grub.cfg... \n-00002300: 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 rather than. \n-00002310: 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 2e6c 7374 e280 9920 ...menu.lst... \n-00002320: 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6f6e 66e2 or ...grub.conf.\n-00002330: 8099 292c 206e 6577 2073 796e 7461 7820 ..), new syntax \n-00002340: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 (*note Configura\n-00002350: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 616e 640a 2020 2020 tion::) and. \n-00002360: 206d 616e 7920 6e65 7720 636f 6d6d 616e many new comman\n-00002370: 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e ds (*note Comman\n-00002380: 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 ds::). Configur\n-00002390: 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 650a ation cannot be.\n-000023a0: 2020 2020 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6f76 6572 copied over\n-000023b0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2061 6c74 686f directly, altho\n-000023c0: 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 2047 5255 4220 4c65 ugh most GRUB Le\n-000023d0: 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 2073 686f 756c gacy users shoul\n-000023e0: 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696e 6420 d not. find \n-000023f0: 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2074 6f6f 2073 the syntax too s\n-00002400: 7572 7072 6973 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 urprising... .\n-00002410: 80a2 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 .. ...grub.cfg..\n-00002420: 9920 6973 2074 7970 6963 616c 6c79 2061 . is typically a\n-00002430: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2067 656e utomatically gen\n-00002440: 6572 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 erated by ...gru\n-00002450: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a 2020 b-mkconfig.... \n-00002460: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 (*note Simple\n-00002470: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a configuration::\n-00002480: 292e 2020 5468 6973 206d 616b 6573 2069 ). This makes i\n-00002490: 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 6861 6e64 t easier to hand\n-000024a0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e65 le. versione\n-000024b0: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7067 7261 6465 d kernel upgrade\n-000024c0: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2050 6172 7469 s... ... Parti\n-000024d0: 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2069 6e20 tion numbers in \n-000024e0: 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 GRUB device name\n-000024f0: 7320 6e6f 7720 7374 6172 7420 6174 2031 s now start at 1\n-00002500: 2c20 6e6f 7420 3020 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 , not 0 (*note. \n-00002510: 2020 2020 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 Naming conve\n-00002520: 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 ntion::)... ..\n-00002530: a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . The configurat\n-00002540: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 ion file is now \n-00002550: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 696e 2073 6f6d 6574 written in somet\n-00002560: 6869 6e67 2063 6c6f 7365 7220 746f 2061 hing closer to a\n-00002570: 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6970 full. scrip\n-00002580: 7469 6e67 206c 616e 6775 6167 653a 2076 ting language: v\n-00002590: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 636f 6e64 6974 ariables, condit\n-000025a0: 696f 6e61 6c73 2c20 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 ionals, and loop\n-000025b0: 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c s are. avail\n-000025c0: 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4120 able... ... A \n-000025d0: 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 small amount of \n-000025e0: 7065 7273 6973 7465 6e74 2073 746f 7261 persistent stora\n-000025f0: 6765 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 ge is available \n-00002600: 6163 726f 7373 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 2c0a across reboots,.\n-00002610: 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 using the .\n-00002620: 8098 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 616e ..save_env... an\n-00002630: 6420 e280 986c 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 d ...load_env...\n-00002640: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2047 5255 commands in GRU\n-00002650: 4220 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 B and the. .\n-00002660: 8098 6772 7562 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 e280 ..grub-editenv..\n-00002670: 9920 7574 696c 6974 792e 2020 5468 6973 . utility. This\n-00002680: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c is not availabl\n-00002690: 6520 696e 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f e in all. co\n-000026a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e nfigurations (*n\n-000026b0: 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ote Environment \n-000026c0: 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 block::)... ..\n-000026d0: a220 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 206d 6f72 . GRUB 2 has mor\n-000026e0: 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2077 6179 7320 e reliable ways \n-000026f0: 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 6f77 6e20 to find its own \n-00002700: 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7468 6f73 6520 files and those \n-00002710: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 206b of. target k\n-00002720: 6572 6e65 6c73 206f 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 ernels on multip\n-00002730: 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732c le-disk systems,\n-00002740: 2061 6e64 2068 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and has command\n-00002750: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7365 s (*note. se\n-00002760: 6172 6368 3a3a 2920 746f 2066 696e 6420 arch::) to find \n-00002770: 6465 7669 6365 7320 7573 696e 6720 6669 devices using fi\n-00002780: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c73 le system labels\n-00002790: 206f 7220 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 790a or Universally.\n-000027a0: 2020 2020 2055 6e69 7175 6520 4964 656e Unique Iden\n-000027b0: 7469 6669 6572 7320 2855 5549 4473 292e tifiers (UUIDs).\n-000027c0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2047 5255 4220 3220 .. ... GRUB 2 \n-000027d0: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 is available for\n-000027e0: 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7468 6572 2074 several other t\n-000027f0: 7970 6573 206f 6620 7379 7374 656d 2069 ypes of system i\n-00002800: 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 n addition. \n-00002810: 746f 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 to the PC BIOS s\n-00002820: 7973 7465 6d73 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 ystems supported\n-00002830: 2062 7920 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a by GRUB Legacy:\n-00002840: 2050 4320 4546 492c 2050 430a 2020 2020 PC EFI, PC. \n-00002850: 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2050 6f77 6572 coreboot, Power\n-00002860: 5043 2c20 5350 4152 432c 2061 6e64 204d PC, SPARC, and M\n-00002870: 4950 5320 4c65 6d6f 7465 2059 6565 6c6f IPS Lemote Yeelo\n-00002880: 6f6e 6720 6172 6520 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 ong are all. \n-00002890: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 supported... \n-000028a0: e280 a220 4d61 6e79 206d 6f72 6520 6669 ... Many more fi\n-000028b0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2061 7265 2073 le systems are s\n-000028c0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 upported, includ\n-000028d0: 696e 6720 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 ing but not limi\n-000028e0: 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7434 ted to. ext4\n-000028f0: 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 616e 6420 4e54 4653 , HFS+, and NTFS\n-00002900: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 ... ... GRUB 2\n-00002910: 2063 616e 2072 6561 6420 6669 6c65 7320 can read files \n-00002920: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 directly from LV\n-00002930: 4d20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2064 6576 6963 M and RAID devic\n-00002940: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4120 6772 es... ... A gr\n-00002950: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c aphical terminal\n-00002960: 2061 6e64 2061 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c and a graphical\n-00002970: 206d 656e 7520 7379 7374 656d 2061 7265 menu system are\n-00002980: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 available... \n-00002990: e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 6e74 ... GRUB 2's int\n-000029a0: 6572 6661 6365 2063 616e 2062 6520 7472 erface can be tr\n-000029b0: 616e 736c 6174 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 anslated, includ\n-000029c0: 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206e ing menu entry n\n-000029d0: 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 ames... ... Th\n-000029e0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 7320 282a e image files (*\n-000029f0: 6e6f 7465 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 2074 note Images::) t\n-00002a00: 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 4752 5542 hat make up GRUB\n-00002a10: 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 have been. \n-00002a20: 7265 6f72 6761 6e69 7365 643b 2053 7461 reorganised; Sta\n-00002a30: 6765 2031 2c20 5374 6167 6520 312e 352c ge 1, Stage 1.5,\n-00002a40: 2061 6e64 2053 7461 6765 2032 2061 7265 and Stage 2 are\n-00002a50: 206e 6f20 6d6f 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 no more... ..\n-00002a60: a220 4752 5542 2032 2070 7574 7320 6d61 . GRUB 2 puts ma\n-00002a70: 6e79 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 696e ny facilities in\n-00002a80: 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 dynamically loa\n-00002a90: 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c ded modules, all\n-00002aa0: 6f77 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 owing. the c\n-00002ab0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 ore image to be \n-00002ac0: 736d 616c 6c65 722c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c smaller, and all\n-00002ad0: 6f77 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 owing the core i\n-00002ae0: 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 mage to be. \n-00002af0: 6275 696c 7420 696e 206d 6f72 6520 666c built in more fl\n-00002b00: 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a exible ways.....\n-00002b10: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00002b20: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 Node: Features\n-00002b30: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 , Next: Role of\n-00002b40: 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 a boot loader, \n-00002b50: 2050 7265 763a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 Prev: Changes f\n-00002b60: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c rom GRUB Legacy,\n-00002b70: 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 Up: Introducti\n-00002b80: 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3420 4752 5542 2066 6561 on..1.4 GRUB fea\n-00002b90: 7475 7265 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tures.==========\n-00002ba0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 7269 =======..The pri\n-00002bb0: 6d61 7279 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 mary requirement\n-00002bc0: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 4220 6973 2074 6861 for GRUB is tha\n-00002bd0: 7420 6974 2062 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 616e t it be complian\n-00002be0: 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 0ae2 809c 4d75 t with the....Mu\n-00002bf0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n-00002c00: 6174 696f 6ee2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 ation..., which \n-00002c10: 6973 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e20 is described in \n-00002c20: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a *note Multiboot.\n-00002c30: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 Specification: (\n-00002c40: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 0a0a multiboot)Top...\n-00002c50: 2020 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 2067 6f61 The other goa\n-00002c60: 6c73 2c20 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 6170 ls, listed in ap\n-00002c70: 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 6f72 6465 7220 proximate order \n-00002c80: 6f66 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e63 652c 2061 of importance, a\n-00002c90: 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4261 7369 re:.. ... Basi\n-00002ca0: 6320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 7374 c functions must\n-00002cb0: 2062 6520 7374 7261 6967 6874 666f 7277 be straightforw\n-00002cc0: 6172 6420 666f 7220 656e 642d 7573 6572 ard for end-user\n-00002cd0: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2052 6963 6820 s... ... Rich \n-00002ce0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 746f functionality to\n-00002cf0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 support kernel \n-00002d00: 6578 7065 7274 7320 616e 6420 6465 7369 experts and desi\n-00002d10: 676e 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2042 gners... ... B\n-00002d20: 6163 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ackward compatib\n-00002d30: 696c 6974 7920 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e ility for bootin\n-00002d40: 6720 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 g FreeBSD, NetBS\n-00002d50: 442c 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 640a D, OpenBSD, and.\n-00002d60: 2020 2020 204c 696e 7578 2e20 2050 726f Linux. Pro\n-00002d70: 7072 6965 7461 7279 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 prietary kernels\n-00002d80: 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 444f 532c 2057 (such as DOS, W\n-00002d90: 696e 646f 7773 204e 542c 2061 6e64 204f indows NT, and O\n-00002da0: 532f 3229 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 S/2) are. su\n-00002db0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7669 6120 6120 6368 pported via a ch\n-00002dc0: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6675 6e63 ain-loading func\n-00002dd0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 6365 7074 tion... Except\n-00002de0: 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f for specific co\n-00002df0: 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 6d6f 6465 mpatibility mode\n-00002e00: 7320 2863 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 s (chain-loading\n-00002e10: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0ae2 and the Linux..\n-00002e20: 809c 7069 6767 7962 6163 6be2 809d 2066 ..piggyback... f\n-00002e30: 6f72 6d61 7429 2c20 616c 6c20 6b65 726e ormat), all kern\n-00002e40: 656c 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7374 6172 els will be star\n-00002e50: 7465 6420 696e 206d 7563 6820 7468 6520 ted in much the \n-00002e60: 7361 6d65 2073 7461 7465 0a61 7320 696e same state.as in\n-00002e70: 2074 6865 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 the Multiboot S\n-00002e80: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f pecification. O\n-00002e90: 6e6c 7920 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6c6f 6164 nly kernels load\n-00002ea0: 6564 2061 7420 3120 6d65 6761 6279 7465 ed at 1 megabyte\n-00002eb0: 206f 720a 6162 6f76 6520 6172 6520 7072 or.above are pr\n-00002ec0: 6573 656e 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 esently supporte\n-00002ed0: 642e 2020 416e 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 d. Any attempt \n-00002ee0: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6265 6c6f 7720 7468 to load below th\n-00002ef0: 6174 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 790a 7769 6c6c at boundary.will\n-00002f00: 2073 696d 706c 7920 7265 7375 6c74 2069 simply result i\n-00002f10: 6e20 696d 6d65 6469 6174 6520 6661 696c n immediate fail\n-00002f20: 7572 6520 616e 6420 616e 2065 7272 6f72 ure and an error\n-00002f30: 206d 6573 7361 6765 2072 6570 6f72 7469 message reporti\n-00002f40: 6e67 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a ng.the problem..\n-00002f50: 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 . In addition \n-00002f60: 746f 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 to the requireme\n-00002f70: 6e74 7320 6162 6f76 652c 2047 5255 4220 nts above, GRUB \n-00002f80: 6861 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e has the followin\n-00002f90: 670a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2028 6e6f 7465 g.features (note\n-00002fa0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 that the Multib\n-00002fb0: 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot Specificatio\n-00002fc0: 6e20 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7265 7175 6972 n doesn't requir\n-00002fd0: 6520 616c 6c20 7468 650a 6665 6174 7572 e all the.featur\n-00002fe0: 6573 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 7570 es that GRUB sup\n-00002ff0: 706f 7274 7329 3a0a 0a52 6563 6f67 6e69 ports):..Recogni\n-00003000: 7a65 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6578 6563 ze multiple exec\n-00003010: 7574 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 0a20 utable formats. \n-00003020: 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 6e79 Support many\n-00003030: 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 9c61 2e6f 7574 of the ...a.out\n-00003040: e280 9d20 7661 7269 616e 7473 2070 6c75 ... variants plu\n-00003050: 7320 e280 9c45 4c46 e280 9d2e 2053 796d s ...ELF.... Sym\n-00003060: 626f 6c20 7461 626c 6573 2061 7265 0a20 bol tables are. \n-00003070: 2020 2020 616c 736f 206c 6f61 6465 642e also loaded.\n-00003080: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4d75 ..Support non-Mu\n-00003090: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 730a ltiboot kernels.\n-000030a0: 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 206d 616e Support man\n-000030b0: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6172 696f 7573 y of the various\n-000030c0: 2066 7265 6520 3332 2d62 6974 206b 6572 free 32-bit ker\n-000030d0: 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 6c61 636b 204d nels that lack M\n-000030e0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f ultiboot. co\n-000030f0: 6d70 6c69 616e 6365 2028 7072 696d 6172 mpliance (primar\n-00003100: 696c 7920 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 ily FreeBSD, Net\n-00003110: 4253 4428 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 BSD(1) (*note. \n-00003120: 2020 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 Features-Foot\n-00003130: 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292c 204f 7065 6e42 note-1::), OpenB\n-00003140: 5344 2c20 616e 6420 4c69 6e75 7829 2e20 SD, and Linux). \n-00003150: 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f Chain-loading o\n-00003160: 660a 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f f. other boo\n-00003170: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6973 2061 6c73 t loaders is als\n-00003180: 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a 4c6f o supported...Lo\n-00003190: 6164 206d 756c 7469 706c 6573 206d 6f64 ad multiples mod\n-000031a0: 756c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 4675 6c6c 7920 ules. Fully \n-000031b0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 support the Mult\n-000031c0: 6962 6f6f 7420 6665 6174 7572 6520 6f66 iboot feature of\n-000031d0: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206d 756c 7469 706c loading multipl\n-000031e0: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 4c6f 6164 e modules...Load\n-000031f0: 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a configuration\n-00003200: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f file. Suppo\n-00003210: 7274 2061 2068 756d 616e 2d72 6561 6461 rt a human-reada\n-00003220: 626c 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ble text configu\n-00003230: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 ration file with\n-00003240: 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 preset boot. \n-00003250: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2059 6f75 commands. You\n-00003260: 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 can also load a\n-00003270: 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 nother configura\n-00003280: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 tion file dynami\n-00003290: 6361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2065 cally. and e\n-000032a0: 6d62 6564 2061 2070 7265 7365 7420 636f mbed a preset co\n-000032b0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-000032c0: 2069 6e20 6120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 in a GRUB image\n-000032d0: 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 file. The. \n-000032e0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 list of command\n-000032f0: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s (*note Command\n-00003300: 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7570 6572 s::) are a super\n-00003310: 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 set of those. \n-00003320: 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2074 supported on t\n-00003330: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e he command-line.\n-00003340: 2020 416e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e An example con\n-00003350: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-00003360: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 is. provided\n-00003370: 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6e66 6967 in *note Config\n-00003380: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 5072 6f76 uration::...Prov\n-00003390: 6964 6520 6120 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 ide a menu inter\n-000033a0: 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6d65 6e75 face. A menu\n-000033b0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 206c 6973 7469 interface listi\n-000033c0: 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 2063 ng preset boot c\n-000033d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 6974 6820 6120 ommands, with a \n-000033e0: 7072 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 programmable. \n-000033f0: 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2069 7320 6176 timeout, is av\n-00003400: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6572 6520 ailable. There \n-00003410: 6973 206e 6f20 6669 7865 6420 6c69 6d69 is no fixed limi\n-00003420: 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 t on the number \n-00003430: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 of. boot ent\n-00003440: 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6375 ries, and the cu\n-00003450: 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 rrent implementa\n-00003460: 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2073 7061 6365 2066 tion has space f\n-00003470: 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 0a20 2020 2020 or several. \n-00003480: 6875 6e64 7265 642e 0a0a 4861 7665 2061 hundred...Have a\n-00003490: 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e flexible comman\n-000034a0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n-000034b0: 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6661 6972 6c79 2066 . A fairly f\n-000034c0: 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d lexible command-\n-000034d0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 line interface, \n-000034e0: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 accessible from \n-000034f0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 the menu,. i\n-00003500: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2065 s available to e\n-00003510: 6469 7420 616e 7920 7072 6573 6574 2063 dit any preset c\n-00003520: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 206f 7220 7772 6974 ommands, or writ\n-00003530: 6520 6120 6e65 7720 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 e a new boot. \n-00003540: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7420 6672 command set fr\n-00003550: 6f6d 2073 6372 6174 6368 2e20 2049 6620 om scratch. If \n-00003560: 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e no configuration\n-00003570: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 7265 7365 6e74 file is present\n-00003580: 2c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6472 6f70 ,. GRUB drop\n-00003590: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s to the command\n-000035a0: 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 -line... The\n-000035b0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 list of command\n-000035c0: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s (*note Command\n-000035d0: 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 s::) are a subse\n-000035e0: 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 t of those. \n-000035f0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f supported for co\n-00003600: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-00003610: 732e 2020 4564 6974 696e 6720 636f 6d6d s. Editing comm\n-00003620: 616e 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 2020 ands closely. \n-00003630: 2020 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 6520 resembles the \n-00003640: 4261 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Bash command-lin\n-00003650: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a 2028 e (*note Bash: (\n-00003660: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 6e64 features)Command\n-00003670: 204c 696e 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 7469 Line. Editi\n-00003680: 6e67 2e29 2c20 7769 7468 203c 5441 423e ng.), with \n-00003690: 2d63 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 -completion of c\n-000036a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2064 6576 6963 6573 ommands, devices\n-000036b0: 2c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2c0a 2020 , partitions,. \n-000036c0: 2020 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 and files in \n-000036d0: 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6465 7065 a directory depe\n-000036e0: 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 nding on context\n-000036f0: 2e0a 0a53 7570 706f 7274 206d 756c 7469 ...Support multi\n-00003700: 706c 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 ple filesystem t\n-00003710: 7970 6573 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 ypes. 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C\n-00003af0: 616e 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 6669 an decompress fi\n-00003b00: 6c65 7320 7768 6963 6820 7765 7265 2063 les which were c\n-00003b10: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 6279 20e2 8098 ompressed by ...\n-00003b20: 677a 6970 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 787a gzip... or ...xz\n-00003b30: e280 9928 3229 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f ...(2). (*no\n-00003b40: 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 te Features-Foot\n-00003b50: 6e6f 7465 2d32 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 note-2::). This\n-00003b60: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2062 6f74 function is bot\n-00003b70: 6820 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e 640a h automatic and.\n-00003b80: 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 transparent\n-00003b90: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7573 6572 2028 692e to the user (i.\n-00003ba0: 652e 2020 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e e. all function\n-00003bb0: 7320 6f70 6572 6174 6520 7570 6f6e 2074 s operate upon t\n-00003bc0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 he. uncompre\n-00003bd0: 7373 6564 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 ssed contents of\n-00003be0: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 the specified f\n-00003bf0: 696c 6573 292e 2020 5468 6973 2067 7265 iles). 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It is co\n-00003c90: 6e63 6569 7661 626c 6520 7468 6174 2073 nceivable that s\n-00003ca0: 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c ome kernel modul\n-00003cb0: 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c 6f61 es should be loa\n-00003cc0: 6465 6420 696e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 636f ded in a. co\n-00003cd0: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2073 7461 7465 2c20 mpressed state, \n-00003ce0: 736f 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d so a different m\n-00003cf0: 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 636f odule-loading co\n-00003d00: 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 0a20 2020 mmand can be. \n-00003d10: 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 2061 specified to a\n-00003d20: 766f 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 void uncompressi\n-00003d30: 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a ng the modules..\n-00003d40: 0a41 6363 6573 7320 6461 7461 206f 6e20 .Access data on \n-00003d50: 616e 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6465 any installed de\n-00003d60: 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 vice. Suppor\n-00003d70: 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 6461 7461 2066 t reading data f\n-00003d80: 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 2061 6c6c 2066 rom any or all f\n-00003d90: 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 6f72 2068 6172 6420 loppies or hard \n-00003da0: 6469 736b 2873 290a 2020 2020 2072 6563 disk(s). rec\n-00003db0: 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 2074 6865 2042 ognized by the B\n-00003dc0: 494f 532c 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 IOS, independent\n-00003dd0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 of the setting \n-00003de0: 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 of the root. \n-00003df0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 4265 2069 6e64 device...Be ind\n-00003e00: 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 6472 6976 ependent of driv\n-00003e10: 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2074 7261 6e73 e geometry trans\n-00003e20: 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c lations. Unl\n-00003e30: 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 ike many other b\n-00003e40: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 732c 2047 5255 oot loaders, GRU\n-00003e50: 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 B makes the part\n-00003e60: 6963 756c 6172 2064 7269 7665 0a20 2020 icular drive. \n-00003e70: 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6972 translation ir\n-00003e80: 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 2041 2064 7269 relevant. A dri\n-00003e90: 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 6e64 ve installed and\n-00003ea0: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2077 6974 6820 6f6e running with on\n-00003eb0: 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 e. translati\n-00003ec0: 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 636f 6e76 6572 on may be conver\n-00003ed0: 7465 6420 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2074 ted to another t\n-00003ee0: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 686f ranslation witho\n-00003ef0: 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7665 ut any. adve\n-00003f00: 7273 6520 6566 6665 6374 7320 6f72 2063 rse effects or c\n-00003f10: 6861 6e67 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2773 hanges in GRUB's\n-00003f20: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a configuration..\n-00003f30: 0a44 6574 6563 7420 616c 6c20 696e 7374 .Detect all inst\n-00003f40: 616c 6c65 6420 5241 4d0a 2020 2020 2047 alled RAM. G\n-00003f50: 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c RUB can generall\n-00003f60: 7920 6669 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2069 y find all the i\n-00003f70: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2052 414d 206f 6e20 nstalled RAM on \n-00003f80: 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 650a a PC-compatible.\n-00003f90: 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e20 2049 machine. I\n-00003fa0: 7420 7573 6573 2061 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 t uses an advanc\n-00003fb0: 6564 2042 494f 5320 7175 6572 7920 7465 ed BIOS query te\n-00003fc0: 6368 6e69 7175 6520 666f 7220 6669 6e64 chnique for find\n-00003fd0: 696e 6720 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 206d 656d ing all. mem\n-00003fe0: 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 732e 2020 4173 ory regions. As\n-00003ff0: 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7468 described on th\n-00004000: 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 e Multiboot Spec\n-00004010: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 ification (*note\n-00004020: 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 . 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GR\n-000041c0: 5542 2063 616e 2774 2075 6e69 7665 7273 UB can't univers\n-000041d0: 616c 6c79 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 7320 ally solve this \n-000041e0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 2020 problem, as. \n-000041f0: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 there is no sta\n-00004200: 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 ndard interface \n-00004210: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 used in all mach\n-00004220: 696e 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a ines. However,.\n-00004230: 2020 2020 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e 6577 several new\n-00004240: 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 7665 er machines have\n-00004250: 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 6661 the new interfa\n-00004260: 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 ce, Logical Bloc\n-00004270: 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2028 k. Address (\n-00004280: e280 9c4c 4241 e280 9d29 206d 6f64 652e ...LBA...) mode.\n-00004290: 2020 4752 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 GRUB automatic\n-000042a0: 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 ally detects if \n-000042b0: 4c42 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 LBA mode is. \n-000042c0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 available and u\n-000042d0: 7365 7320 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 ses it if availa\n-000042e0: 626c 652e 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 ble. In LBA mod\n-000042f0: 652c 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6163 6365 e, GRUB can acce\n-00004300: 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 7469 ss. the enti\n-00004310: 7265 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 re disk...Suppor\n-00004320: 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e t network bootin\n-00004330: 670a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2062 g. 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You can lo\n-00004390: 6164 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f ad OS images fro\n-000043a0: 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 m a network by u\n-000043b0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 809c 5446 5450 sing the ...TFTP\n-000043c0: e280 9d0a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f .... protoco\n-000043d0: 6c2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f l...Support remo\n-000043e0: 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 te terminals. \n-000043f0: 2020 546f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 6f6d To support com\n-00004400: 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 puters with no c\n-00004410: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f onsole, GRUB pro\n-00004420: 7669 6465 7320 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 vides remote ter\n-00004430: 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f minal. suppo\n-00004440: 7274 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 rt, so that you \n-00004450: 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 5542 can control GRUB\n-00004460: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 from a remote h\n-00004470: 6f73 742e 2020 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 ost. Only. \n-00004480: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n-00004490: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 support is imple\n-000044a0: 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 6d6f mented at the mo\n-000044b0: 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ment.....File: g\n-000044c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000044d0: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f Features-Footno\n-000044e0: 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4665 6174 7572 tes, Up: Featur\n-000044f0: 6573 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204e es.. (1) The N\n-00004500: 6574 4253 442f 6933 3836 206b 6572 6e65 etBSD/i386 kerne\n-00004510: 6c20 6973 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 l is Multiboot-c\n-00004520: 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 ompliant, but la\n-00004530: 636b 7320 7375 7070 6f72 740a 666f 7220 cks support.for \n-00004540: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 Multiboot module\n-00004550: 732e 0a0a 2020 2028 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 s... (2) Only \n-00004560: 4352 4333 3220 6461 7461 2069 6e74 6567 CRC32 data integ\n-00004570: 7269 7479 2063 6865 636b 2069 7320 7375 rity check is su\n-00004580: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 2878 7a20 6465 6661 pported (xz defa\n-00004590: 756c 7420 6973 2043 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 ult is CRC64.so \n-000045a0: 6f6e 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 202d one should use -\n-000045b0: 6368 6563 6b3d 6372 6333 3220 6f70 7469 check=crc32 opti\n-000045c0: 6f6e 292e 2020 4c5a 4d41 2042 434a 2066 on). LZMA BCJ f\n-000045d0: 696c 7465 7273 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f ilters are suppo\n-000045e0: 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2833 2920 5468 rted... (3) Th\n-000045f0: 6572 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 7061 ere are a few pa\n-00004600: 7468 6f6c 6f67 6963 616c 2063 6173 6573 thological cases\n-00004610: 2077 6865 7265 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 where loading a\n-00004620: 2076 6572 7920 6261 646c 790a 6f72 6761 very badly.orga\n-00004630: 6e69 7a65 6420 454c 4620 6b65 726e 656c nized ELF kernel\n-00004640: 206d 6967 6874 2074 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 might take long\n-00004650: 6572 2c20 6275 7420 696e 2070 7261 6374 er, but in pract\n-00004660: 6963 6520 7468 6973 206e 6576 6572 0a68 ice this never.h\n-00004670: 6170 7065 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 appen.....File: \n-00004680: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00004690: 3a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 : Role of a boot\n-000046a0: 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 loader, Prev: \n-000046b0: 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2049 Features, Up: I\n-000046c0: 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 ntroduction..1.5\n-000046d0: 2054 6865 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 The role of a b\n-000046e0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d oot loader.=====\n+000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000021e0: 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 2072 6577 .GRUB 2 is a rew\n+000021f0: 7269 7465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2028 2a6e rite of GRUB (*n\n+00002200: 6f74 6520 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 ote History::), \n+00002210: 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 7368 6172 although it shar\n+00002220: 6573 206d 616e 790a 6368 6172 6163 7465 es many.characte\n+00002230: 7269 7374 6963 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 ristics with the\n+00002240: 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f previous versio\n+00002250: 6e2c 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 n, now known as \n+00002260: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e 0a55 7365 GRUB Legacy..Use\n+00002270: 7273 206f 6620 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 rs of GRUB Legac\n+00002280: 7920 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 y may need some \n+00002290: 6775 6964 616e 6365 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 guidance to find\n+000022a0: 2074 6865 6972 2077 6179 2061 726f 756e their way aroun\n+000022b0: 640a 7468 6973 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 d.this new versi\n+000022c0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 on... ... The \n+000022d0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+000022e0: 6c65 2068 6173 2061 206e 6577 206e 616d le has a new nam\n+000022f0: 6520 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 e (...grub.cfg..\n+00002300: 9920 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 . rather than. \n+00002310: 2020 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 2e6c 7374 e280 ...menu.lst..\n+00002320: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6f6e . or ...grub.con\n+00002330: 66e2 8099 292c 206e 6577 2073 796e 7461 f...), new synta\n+00002340: 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 x (*note Configu\n+00002350: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 616e 640a 2020 ration::) and. \n+00002360: 2020 206d 616e 7920 6e65 7720 636f 6d6d many new comm\n+00002370: 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d ands (*note Comm\n+00002380: 616e 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 436f 6e66 6967 ands::). Config\n+00002390: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 uration cannot b\n+000023a0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6f76 e. copied ov\n+000023b0: 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2061 6c74 er directly, alt\n+000023c0: 686f 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 2047 5255 4220 hough most GRUB \n+000023d0: 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 2073 686f Legacy users sho\n+000023e0: 756c 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696e uld not. fin\n+000023f0: 6420 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2074 6f6f d the syntax too\n+00002400: 2073 7572 7072 6973 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 surprising... \n+00002410: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ... ...grub.cfg\n+00002420: e280 9920 6973 2074 7970 6963 616c 6c79 ... is typically\n+00002430: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2067 automatically g\n+00002440: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 9867 enerated by ...g\n+00002450: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a rub-mkconfig....\n+00002460: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 (*note Simp\n+00002470: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n+00002480: 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 206d 616b 6573 ::). This makes\n+00002490: 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 6861 it easier to ha\n+000024a0: 6e64 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f ndle. versio\n+000024b0: 6e65 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7067 7261 ned kernel upgra\n+000024c0: 6465 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2050 6172 des... ... Par\n+000024d0: 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2069 tition numbers i\n+000024e0: 6e20 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 n GRUB device na\n+000024f0: 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 7374 6172 7420 6174 mes now start at\n+00002500: 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 3020 282a 6e6f 7465 1, not 0 (*note\n+00002510: 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e . Naming con\n+00002520: 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 vention::)... \n+00002530: e280 a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ... 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A \n+00002950: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e graphical termin\n+00002960: 616c 2061 6e64 2061 2067 7261 7068 6963 al and a graphic\n+00002970: 616c 206d 656e 7520 7379 7374 656d 2061 al menu system a\n+00002980: 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 re available... \n+00002990: 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 ... 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GRUB 2 puts \n+00002a70: 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 many facilities \n+00002a80: 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c in dynamically l\n+00002a90: 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 oaded modules, a\n+00002aa0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 llowing. the\n+00002ab0: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 core image to b\n+00002ac0: 6520 736d 616c 6c65 722c 2061 6e64 2061 e smaller, and a\n+00002ad0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 7265 llowing the core\n+00002ae0: 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 image to be. \n+00002af0: 2020 6275 696c 7420 696e 206d 6f72 6520 built in more \n+00002b00: 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 732e 0a0a flexible ways...\n+00002b10: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00002b20: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4665 6174 7572 o, Node: Featur\n+00002b30: 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6f6c 6520 es, Next: Role \n+00002b40: 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 of a boot loader\n+00002b50: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 , Prev: Changes\n+00002b60: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 from GRUB Legac\n+00002b70: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 y, Up: Introduc\n+00002b80: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3420 4752 5542 2066 tion..1.4 GRUB f\n+00002b90: 6561 7475 7265 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d eatures.========\n+00002ba0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 =========..The p\n+00002bb0: 7269 6d61 7279 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 rimary requireme\n+00002bc0: 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 5255 4220 6973 2074 nt for GRUB is t\n+00002bd0: 6861 7420 6974 2062 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 hat it be compli\n+00002be0: 616e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 0ae2 809c ant with the....\n+00002bf0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot Specif\n+00002c00: 6963 6174 696f 6ee2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 ication..., whic\n+00002c10: 6820 6973 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 h is described i\n+00002c20: 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f n *note Multiboo\n+00002c30: 740a 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a t.Specification:\n+00002c40: 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e (multiboot)Top.\n+00002c50: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 2067 .. The other g\n+00002c60: 6f61 6c73 2c20 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 oals, listed in \n+00002c70: 6170 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 6f72 6465 approximate orde\n+00002c80: 7220 6f66 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e63 652c r of importance,\n+00002c90: 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4261 are:.. ... Ba\n+00002ca0: 7369 6320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 sic functions mu\n+00002cb0: 7374 2062 6520 7374 7261 6967 6874 666f st be straightfo\n+00002cc0: 7277 6172 6420 666f 7220 656e 642d 7573 rward for end-us\n+00002cd0: 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2052 6963 ers... ... Ric\n+00002ce0: 6820 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 h functionality \n+00002cf0: 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 206b 6572 6e65 to support kerne\n+00002d00: 6c20 6578 7065 7274 7320 616e 6420 6465 l experts and de\n+00002d10: 7369 676e 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 signers... ...\n+00002d20: 2042 6163 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 Backward compat\n+00002d30: 6962 696c 6974 7920 666f 7220 626f 6f74 ibility for boot\n+00002d40: 696e 6720 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 ing FreeBSD, Net\n+00002d50: 4253 442c 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e BSD, OpenBSD, an\n+00002d60: 640a 2020 2020 204c 696e 7578 2e20 2050 d. Linux. P\n+00002d70: 726f 7072 6965 7461 7279 206b 6572 6e65 roprietary kerne\n+00002d80: 6c73 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 444f 532c ls (such as DOS,\n+00002d90: 2057 696e 646f 7773 204e 542c 2061 6e64 Windows NT, and\n+00002da0: 204f 532f 3229 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 OS/2) are. \n+00002db0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7669 6120 6120 supported via a \n+00002dc0: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6675 chain-loading fu\n+00002dd0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 6365 nction... 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A me\n+000033b0: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 206c 6973 nu interface lis\n+000033c0: 7469 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 ting preset boot\n+000033d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 6974 6820 commands, with \n+000033e0: 6120 7072 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 6c65 0a20 a programmable. \n+000033f0: 2020 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2069 7320 timeout, is \n+00003400: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6572 available. 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Editing co\n+00003620: 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 mmands closely. \n+00003630: 2020 2020 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 resembles th\n+00003640: 6520 4261 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c e Bash command-l\n+00003650: 696e 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a ine (*note Bash:\n+00003660: 2028 6665 6174 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 (features)Comma\n+00003670: 6e64 204c 696e 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 nd Line. 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It is \n+00003c90: 636f 6e63 6569 7661 626c 6520 7468 6174 conceivable that\n+00003ca0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 some kernel mod\n+00003cb0: 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c ules should be l\n+00003cc0: 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 oaded in a. \n+00003cd0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2073 7461 7465 compressed state\n+00003ce0: 2c20 736f 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 , so a different\n+00003cf0: 206d 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 module-loading \n+00003d00: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 0a20 command can be. \n+00003d10: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f specified to\n+00003d20: 2061 766f 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 avoid uncompres\n+00003d30: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 sing the modules\n+00003d40: 2e0a 0a41 6363 6573 7320 6461 7461 206f ...Access data o\n+00003d50: 6e20 616e 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 n any installed \n+00003d60: 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 device. Supp\n+00003d70: 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 6461 7461 ort reading data\n+00003d80: 2066 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 2061 6c6c from any or all\n+00003d90: 2066 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 6f72 2068 6172 floppies or har\n+00003da0: 6420 6469 736b 2873 290a 2020 2020 2072 d disk(s). r\n+00003db0: 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 2074 6865 ecognized by the\n+00003dc0: 2042 494f 532c 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 BIOS, independe\n+00003dd0: 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 7474 696e nt of the settin\n+00003de0: 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 g of the root. \n+00003df0: 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 4265 2069 device...Be i\n+00003e00: 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 6472 ndependent of dr\n+00003e10: 6976 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2074 7261 ive geometry tra\n+00003e20: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2055 nslations. U\n+00003e30: 6e6c 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 nlike many other\n+00003e40: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 732c 2047 boot loaders, G\n+00003e50: 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7061 RUB makes the pa\n+00003e60: 7274 6963 756c 6172 2064 7269 7665 0a20 rticular drive. \n+00003e70: 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 translation \n+00003e80: 6972 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 2041 2064 irrelevant. A d\n+00003e90: 7269 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 rive installed a\n+00003ea0: 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2077 6974 6820 nd running with \n+00003eb0: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 one. transla\n+00003ec0: 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 636f 6e76 tion may be conv\n+00003ed0: 6572 7465 6420 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 erted to another\n+00003ee0: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 translation wit\n+00003ef0: 686f 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6164 hout any. ad\n+00003f00: 7665 7273 6520 6566 6665 6374 7320 6f72 verse effects or\n+00003f10: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 changes in GRUB\n+00003f20: 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 's configuration\n+00003f30: 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 7420 616c 6c20 696e ...Detect all in\n+00003f40: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 5241 4d0a 2020 2020 stalled RAM. \n+00003f50: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 GRUB can genera\n+00003f60: 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 lly find all the\n+00003f70: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2052 414d 206f installed RAM o\n+00003f80: 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c n a PC-compatibl\n+00003f90: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e20 e. machine. \n+00003fa0: 2049 7420 7573 6573 2061 6e20 6164 7661 It uses an adva\n+00003fb0: 6e63 6564 2042 494f 5320 7175 6572 7920 nced BIOS query \n+00003fc0: 7465 6368 6e69 7175 6520 666f 7220 6669 technique for fi\n+00003fd0: 6e64 696e 6720 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 206d nding all. m\n+00003fe0: 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 732e 2020 emory regions. \n+00003ff0: 4173 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 As described on \n+00004000: 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 the Multiboot Sp\n+00004010: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f ecification (*no\n+00004020: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f te. Multiboo\n+00004030: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a t Specification:\n+00004040: 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e (multiboot)Top.\n+00004050: 292c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 206b 6572 6e65 ), not all kerne\n+00004060: 6c73 206d 616b 6520 7573 650a 2020 2020 ls make use. \n+00004070: 206f 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 of this informa\n+00004080: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 4752 5542 2070 tion, but GRUB p\n+00004090: 726f 7669 6465 7320 6974 2066 6f72 2074 rovides it for t\n+000040a0: 686f 7365 2077 686f 2064 6f2e 0a0a 5375 hose who do...Su\n+000040b0: 7070 6f72 7420 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c pport Logical Bl\n+000040c0: 6f63 6b20 4164 6472 6573 7320 6d6f 6465 ock Address mode\n+000040d0: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2074 7261 6469 7469 . In traditi\n+000040e0: 6f6e 616c 2064 6973 6b20 6361 6c6c 7320 onal disk calls \n+000040f0: 2863 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9c43 4853 206d (called ...CHS m\n+00004100: 6f64 65e2 809d 292c 2074 6865 7265 2069 ode...), there i\n+00004110: 7320 6120 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 0a20 2020 s a geometry. \n+00004120: 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 7072 translation pr\n+00004130: 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 oblem, that is, \n+00004140: 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 the BIOS cannot \n+00004150: 6163 6365 7373 206f 7665 7220 3130 3234 access over 1024\n+00004160: 0a20 2020 2020 6379 6c69 6e64 6572 732c . cylinders,\n+00004170: 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 so the accessib\n+00004180: 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 le space is limi\n+00004190: 7465 6420 746f 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 ted to at least \n+000041a0: 3530 3820 4d42 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 508 MB. and \n+000041b0: 746f 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2038 4742 2e20 to at most 8GB. \n+000041c0: 4752 5542 2063 616e 2774 2075 6e69 7665 GRUB can't unive\n+000041d0: 7273 616c 6c79 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 rsally solve thi\n+000041e0: 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 s problem, as. \n+000041f0: 2020 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 there is no s\n+00004200: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 tandard interfac\n+00004210: 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 e used in all ma\n+00004220: 6368 696e 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 chines. However\n+00004230: 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e ,. several n\n+00004240: 6577 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 ewer machines ha\n+00004250: 7665 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 ve the new inter\n+00004260: 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c face, Logical Bl\n+00004270: 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 ock. Address\n+00004280: 2028 e280 9c4c 4241 e280 9d29 206d 6f64 (...LBA...) mod\n+00004290: 652e 2020 4752 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 e. GRUB automat\n+000042a0: 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 ically detects i\n+000042b0: 6620 4c42 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 f LBA mode is. \n+000042c0: 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 available and\n+000042d0: 2075 7365 7320 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 uses it if avai\n+000042e0: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d lable. In LBA m\n+000042f0: 6f64 652c 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6163 ode, GRUB can ac\n+00004300: 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e cess. the en\n+00004310: 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 tire disk...Supp\n+00004320: 6f72 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 ort network boot\n+00004330: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 ing. GRUB is\n+00004340: 2062 6173 6963 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 basically a dis\n+00004350: 6b2d 6261 7365 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 k-based boot loa\n+00004360: 6465 7220 6275 7420 616c 736f 2068 6173 der but also has\n+00004370: 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7375 network. su\n+00004380: 7070 6f72 742e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 pport. You can \n+00004390: 6c6f 6164 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 load OS images f\n+000043a0: 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 rom a network by\n+000043b0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 809c 5446 using the ...TF\n+000043c0: 5450 e280 9d0a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f TP.... proto\n+000043d0: 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 col...Support re\n+000043e0: 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 mote terminals. \n+000043f0: 2020 2020 546f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 To support c\n+00004400: 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f omputers with no\n+00004410: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2070 console, GRUB p\n+00004420: 726f 7669 6465 7320 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 rovides remote t\n+00004430: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 erminal. sup\n+00004440: 706f 7274 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 796f port, so that yo\n+00004450: 7520 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 u can control GR\n+00004460: 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 UB from a remote\n+00004470: 2068 6f73 742e 2020 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 host. Only. \n+00004480: 2020 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 serial termina\n+00004490: 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2069 6d70 l support is imp\n+000044a0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 lemented at the \n+000044b0: 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a moment.....File:\n+000044c0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000044d0: 653a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 e: Features-Foot\n+000044e0: 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4665 6174 notes, Up: Feat\n+000044f0: 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 ures.. (1) The\n+00004500: 204e 6574 4253 442f 6933 3836 206b 6572 NetBSD/i386 ker\n+00004510: 6e65 6c20 6973 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 nel is Multiboot\n+00004520: 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 -compliant, but \n+00004530: 6c61 636b 7320 7375 7070 6f72 740a 666f lacks support.fo\n+00004540: 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 r Multiboot modu\n+00004550: 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2028 3229 204f 6e6c les... (2) Onl\n+00004560: 7920 4352 4333 3220 6461 7461 2069 6e74 y CRC32 data int\n+00004570: 6567 7269 7479 2063 6865 636b 2069 7320 egrity check is \n+00004580: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 2878 7a20 6465 supported (xz de\n+00004590: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2043 5243 3634 0a73 fault is CRC64.s\n+000045a0: 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 o one should use\n+000045b0: 202d 6368 6563 6b3d 6372 6333 3220 6f70 -check=crc32 op\n+000045c0: 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 4c5a 4d41 2042 434a tion). LZMA BCJ\n+000045d0: 2066 696c 7465 7273 2061 7265 2073 7570 filters are sup\n+000045e0: 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2833 2920 ported... (3) \n+000045f0: 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 There are a few \n+00004600: 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 6963 616c 2063 6173 pathological cas\n+00004610: 6573 2077 6865 7265 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 es where loading\n+00004620: 2061 2076 6572 7920 6261 646c 790a 6f72 a very badly.or\n+00004630: 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 454c 4620 6b65 726e ganized ELF kern\n+00004640: 656c 206d 6967 6874 2074 616b 6520 6c6f el might take lo\n+00004650: 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 7420 696e 2070 7261 nger, but in pra\n+00004660: 6374 6963 6520 7468 6973 206e 6576 6572 ctice this never\n+00004670: 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 .happen.....File\n+00004680: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00004690: 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f de: Role of a bo\n+000046a0: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5072 6576 ot loader, Prev\n+000046b0: 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a : Features, Up:\n+000046c0: 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 Introduction..1\n+000046d0: 2e35 2054 6865 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 .5 The role of a\n+000046e0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d boot loader.===\n 000046f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004700: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f ========..The fo\n-00004710: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 2071 756f llowing is a quo\n-00004720: 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 476f 7264 tation from Gord\n-00004730: 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 742c 2061 on Matzigkeit, a\n-00004740: 2047 5255 4220 6661 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a GRUB fanatic:..\n-00004750: 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 Some people\n-00004760: 206c 696b 6520 746f 2061 636b 6e6f 776c like to acknowl\n-00004770: 6564 6765 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 6f70 edge both the op\n-00004780: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 erating system a\n-00004790: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2077 nd. kernel w\n-000047a0: 6865 6e20 7468 6579 2074 616c 6b20 6162 hen they talk ab\n-000047b0: 6f75 7420 7468 6569 7220 636f 6d70 7574 out their comput\n-000047c0: 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206d 6967 ers, so they mig\n-000047d0: 6874 2073 6179 2074 6865 790a 2020 2020 ht say they. \n-000047e0: 2075 7365 2022 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 use \"GNU/Linux\"\n-000047f0: 206f 7220 2247 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 or \"GNU/Hurd\". \n-00004800: 204f 7468 6572 2070 656f 706c 6520 7365 Other people se\n-00004810: 656d 2074 6f20 7468 696e 6b20 7468 6174 em to think that\n-00004820: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c the. kernel\n-00004830: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 is the most imp\n-00004840: 6f72 7461 6e74 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 ortant part of t\n-00004850: 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 he system, so th\n-00004860: 6579 206c 696b 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ey like to. \n-00004870: 6361 6c6c 2074 6865 6972 2047 4e55 206f call their GNU o\n-00004880: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-00004890: 2022 4c69 6e75 7820 7379 7374 656d 732e \"Linux systems.\n-000048a0: 220a 0a20 2020 2020 492c 2070 6572 736f \".. I, perso\n-000048b0: 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 656c 6965 7665 2074 nally, believe t\n-000048c0: 6861 7420 7468 6973 2069 7320 6120 6772 hat this is a gr\n-000048d0: 6176 6520 696e 6a75 7374 6963 652c 2062 ave injustice, b\n-000048e0: 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ecause the. \n-000048f0: 5f62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 6973 _boot loader_ is\n-00004900: 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 the most import\n-00004910: 616e 7420 736f 6674 7761 7265 206f 6620 ant software of \n-00004920: 616c 6c2e 2020 4920 7573 6564 2074 6f0a all. I used to.\n-00004930: 2020 2020 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7468 refer to th\n-00004940: 6520 6162 6f76 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 e above systems \n-00004950: 6173 2065 6974 6865 7220 224c 494c 4f22 as either \"LILO\"\n-00004960: 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 (1) (*note Role \n-00004970: 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c of a. boot l\n-00004980: 6f61 6465 722d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 oader-Footnote-1\n-00004990: 3a3a 2920 6f72 2022 4752 5542 2220 7379 ::) or \"GRUB\" sy\n-000049a0: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 6e66 stems... Unf\n-000049b0: 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f ortunately, nobo\n-000049c0: 6479 2065 7665 7220 756e 6465 7273 746f dy ever understo\n-000049d0: 6f64 2077 6861 7420 4920 7761 7320 7461 od what I was ta\n-000049e0: 6c6b 696e 6720 6162 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 lking about; now\n-000049f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4920 6a75 7374 2075 7365 . I just use\n-00004a00: 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 2220 the word \"GNU\" \n-00004a10: 6173 2061 2070 7365 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 as a pseudonym f\n-00004a20: 6f72 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 or GRUB... S\n-00004a30: 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6576 6572 2068 o, if you ever h\n-00004a40: 6561 7220 7065 6f70 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 ear people talki\n-00004a50: 6e67 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 6972 2061 ng about their a\n-00004a60: 6c6c 6567 6564 2022 474e 5522 0a20 2020 lleged \"GNU\". \n-00004a70: 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2072 656d 656d systems, remem\n-00004a80: 6265 7220 7468 6174 2074 6865 7920 6172 ber that they ar\n-00004a90: 6520 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6179 696e e actually payin\n-00004aa0: 6720 686f 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 7468 6520 g homage to the \n-00004ab0: 6265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c best. boot l\n-00004ac0: 6f61 6465 7220 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 oader around... \n-00004ad0: 4752 5542 210a 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 7468 GRUB!.. We, th\n-00004ae0: 6520 4752 5542 206d 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 e GRUB maintaine\n-00004af0: 7273 2c20 646f 206e 6f74 2028 7573 7561 rs, do not (usua\n-00004b00: 6c6c 7929 2065 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 2047 lly) encourage G\n-00004b10: 6f72 646f 6e27 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 ordon's level.of\n-00004b20: 2066 616e 6174 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 fanaticism, but\n-00004b30: 2069 7420 6865 6c70 7320 746f 2072 656d it helps to rem\n-00004b40: 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 ember that boot \n-00004b50: 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6465 7365 7276 650a loaders deserve.\n-00004b60: 7265 636f 676e 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 recognition. We\n-00004b70: 2068 6f70 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2065 hope that you e\n-00004b80: 6e6a 6f79 2075 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 njoy using GNU G\n-00004b90: 5255 4220 6173 206d 7563 6820 6173 2077 RUB as much as w\n-00004ba0: 6520 6469 640a 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 e did.writing it\n-00004bb0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00004bc0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c info, Node: Rol\n-00004bd0: 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 e of a boot load\n-00004be0: 6572 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 er-Footnotes, U\n-00004bf0: 703a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f p: Role of a boo\n-00004c00: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 t loader.. (1)\n-00004c10: 2054 6865 204c 496e 7578 204c 4f61 6465 The LInux LOade\n-00004c20: 722c 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 r, a boot loader\n-00004c30: 2074 6861 7420 6576 6572 7962 6f64 7920 that everybody \n-00004c40: 7573 6573 2c20 6275 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 uses, but nobody\n-00004c50: 0a6c 696b 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a .likes.....File:\n-00004c60: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00004c70: 653a 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e e: Naming conven\n-00004c80: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d tion, Next: OS-\n-00004c90: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 specific notes a\n-00004ca0: 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c bout grub tools,\n-00004cb0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 Prev: Introduc\n-00004cc0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a tion, Up: Top..\n-00004cd0: 3220 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 2 Naming convent\n-00004ce0: 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ion.************\n-00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 *******..The dev\n-00004d00: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2075 7365 6420 ice syntax used \n-00004d10: 696e 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2077 6565 in GRUB is a wee\n-00004d20: 2062 6974 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 bit different f\n-00004d30: 726f 6d20 7768 6174 2079 6f75 206d 6179 rom what you may\n-00004d40: 0a68 6176 6520 7365 656e 2062 6566 6f72 .have seen befor\n-00004d50: 6520 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 e in your operat\n-00004d60: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2873 292c 2061 ing system(s), a\n-00004d70: 6e64 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 206b nd you need to k\n-00004d80: 6e6f 7720 6974 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 now it so.that y\n-00004d90: 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 ou can specify a\n-00004da0: 2064 7269 7665 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e drive/partition\n-00004db0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 ... Look at th\n-00004dc0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d e following exam\n-00004dd0: 706c 6573 2061 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 ples and explana\n-00004de0: 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 tions:.. (fd\n-00004df0: 3029 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 7374 206f 6620 0).. First of \n-00004e00: 616c 6c2c 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 all, GRUB requir\n-00004e10: 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 es that the devi\n-00004e20: 6365 206e 616d 6520 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f ce name be enclo\n-00004e30: 7365 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 sed with ...(...\n-00004e40: 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 2e20 2054 .and ...).... T\n-00004e50: 6865 20e2 8098 6664 e280 9920 7061 7274 he ...fd... part\n-00004e60: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 means that it i\n-00004e70: 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e s a floppy disk.\n-00004e80: 2020 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 20e2 8098 The number ...\n-00004e90: 30e2 8099 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 0....is the driv\n-00004ea0: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 e number, which \n-00004eb0: 6973 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f 6d20 is counted from \n-00004ec0: 5f7a 6572 6f5f 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6578 _zero_. This ex\n-00004ed0: 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 pression.means t\n-00004ee0: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7573 hat GRUB will us\n-00004ef0: 6520 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 e the whole flop\n-00004f00: 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 py disk... (\n-00004f10: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 290a 0a20 2020 hd0,msdos2).. \n-00004f20: 4865 7265 2c20 e280 9868 64e2 8099 206d Here, ...hd... m\n-00004f30: 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 2061 2068 6172 eans it is a har\n-00004f40: 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2054 d disk drive. T\n-00004f50: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 6e74 6567 6572 he first integer\n-00004f60: 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 ...0....indicat\n-00004f70: 6573 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d es the drive num\n-00004f80: 6265 722c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 ber, that is, th\n-00004f90: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 e first hard dis\n-00004fa0: 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a e280 k, the string...\n-00004fb0: 986d 7364 6f73 e280 9920 696e 6469 6361 .msdos... indica\n-00004fc0: 7465 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f tes the partitio\n-00004fd0: 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 696c 6520 n scheme, while \n-00004fe0: 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 the second integ\n-00004ff0: 6572 2c20 e280 9832 e280 992c 0a69 6e64 er, ...2...,.ind\n-00005000: 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 icates the parti\n-00005010: 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 286f 7220 tion number (or \n-00005020: 7468 6520 5043 2073 6c69 6365 206e 756d the PC slice num\n-00005030: 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 2042 5344 0a74 ber in the BSD.t\n-00005040: 6572 6d69 6e6f 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 5468 erminology). Th\n-00005050: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 e partition numb\n-00005060: 6572 7320 6172 6520 636f 756e 7465 6420 ers are counted \n-00005070: 6672 6f6d 205f 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 from _one_, not \n-00005080: 6672 6f6d 0a7a 6572 6f20 2861 7320 7761 from.zero (as wa\n-00005090: 7320 7468 6520 6361 7365 2069 6e20 7072 s the case in pr\n-000050a0: 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 evious versions \n-000050b0: 6f66 2047 5255 4229 2e20 5468 6973 2065 of GRUB). This e\n-000050c0: 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 xpression.means \n-000050d0: 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 the second parti\n-000050e0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 tion of the firs\n-000050f0: 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 t hard disk driv\n-00005100: 652e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 e. In this case\n-00005110: 2c0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 ,.GRUB uses one \n-00005120: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 partition of the\n-00005130: 2064 6973 6b2c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f disk, instead o\n-00005140: 6620 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b f the whole disk\n-00005150: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 ... (hd0,msd\n-00005160: 6f73 3529 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 os5).. This sp\n-00005170: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 ecifies the firs\n-00005180: 7420 e280 9c65 7874 656e 6465 6420 7061 t ...extended pa\n-00005190: 7274 6974 696f 6ee2 809d 206f 6620 7468 rtition... of th\n-000051a0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 e first hard dis\n-000051b0: 6b0a 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 k.drive. Note t\n-000051c0: 6861 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f hat the partitio\n-000051d0: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 6578 n numbers for ex\n-000051e0: 7465 6e64 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e tended partition\n-000051f0: 7320 6172 650a 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 s are.counted fr\n-00005200: 6f6d 20e2 8098 35e2 8099 2c20 7265 6761 om ...5..., rega\n-00005210: 7264 6c65 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6163 rdless of the ac\n-00005220: 7475 616c 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2070 tual number of p\n-00005230: 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e rimary partition\n-00005240: 730a 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 s.on your hard d\n-00005250: 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 312c isk... (hd1,\n-00005260: 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 msdos1,bsd1).. \n-00005270: 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 This means the \n-00005280: 4253 4420 e280 9861 e280 9920 7061 7274 BSD ...a... part\n-00005290: 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 2050 ition on first P\n-000052a0: 4320 736c 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f C slice number o\n-000052b0: 6620 7468 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 f the.second har\n-000052c0: 6420 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 d disk... Of c\n-000052d0: 6f75 7273 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c ourse, to actual\n-000052e0: 6c79 2061 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 ly access the di\n-000052f0: 736b 7320 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e sks or partition\n-00005300: 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 s with GRUB, you\n-00005310: 0a6e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 .need to use the\n-00005320: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 device specific\n-00005330: 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 ation in a comma\n-00005340: 6e64 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 7420 nd, like ...set \n-00005350: 726f 6f74 3d28 6664 3029 e280 990a 6f72 root=(fd0)....or\n-00005360: 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 ...parttool (hd\n-00005370: 302c 6d73 646f 7333 2920 6869 6464 656e 0,msdos3) hidden\n-00005380: 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 2079 -.... To help y\n-00005390: 6f75 2066 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 ou find out whic\n-000053a0: 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 7065 6369 6669 h number.specifi\n-000053b0: 6573 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 es a partition y\n-000053c0: 6f75 2077 616e 742c 2074 6865 2047 5255 ou want, the GRU\n-000053d0: 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 B command-line (\n-000053e0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 *note.Command-li\n-000053f0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2920 ne interface::) \n-00005400: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 7665 2061 7267 options have arg\n-00005410: 756d 656e 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e ument completion\n-00005420: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 730a 7468 . This means.th\n-00005430: 6174 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c at, for example,\n-00005440: 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 you only need t\n-00005450: 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 o type.. set\n-00005460: 2072 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 2020 666f 6c6c root=(.. foll\n-00005470: 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 3c54 4142 3e2c owed by a ,\n-00005480: 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 and GRUB will d\n-00005490: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 isplay the list \n-000054a0: 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c 0a70 6172 7469 of drives,.parti\n-000054b0: 7469 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 206e tions, or file n\n-000054c0: 616d 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 6974 2073 686f ames. So it sho\n-000054d0: 756c 6420 6265 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 uld be quite eas\n-000054e0: 7920 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 y to determine t\n-000054f0: 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 he.name of your \n-00005500: 7461 7267 6574 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e target partition\n-00005510: 2c20 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 , even with mini\n-00005520: 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 mal knowledge of\n-00005530: 2074 6865 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 the.syntax... \n-00005540: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 Note that GRUB \n-00005550: 646f 6573 205f 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 7469 does _not_ disti\n-00005560: 6e67 7569 7368 2049 4445 2066 726f 6d20 nguish IDE from \n-00005570: 5343 5349 202d 2069 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 SCSI - it simply\n-00005580: 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 .counts the driv\n-00005590: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 207a e numbers from z\n-000055a0: 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 646c 6573 7320 ero, regardless \n-000055b0: 6f66 2074 6865 6972 2074 7970 652e 2020 of their type. \n-000055c0: 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 Normally,.any ID\n-000055d0: 4520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 E drive number i\n-000055e0: 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 616e 7920 s less than any \n-000055f0: 5343 5349 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 SCSI drive numbe\n-00005600: 722c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7468 6174 r, although that\n-00005610: 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 7565 2069 6620 .is not true if \n-00005620: 796f 7520 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 you change the b\n-00005630: 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 7920 oot sequence by \n-00005640: 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2049 4445 2061 6e64 swapping IDE and\n-00005650: 2053 4353 490a 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 SCSI.drives in \n-00005660: 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 204e your BIOS... N\n-00005670: 6f77 2074 6865 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 ow the question \n-00005680: 6973 2c20 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 is, how to speci\n-00005690: 6679 2061 2066 696c 653f 2020 4167 6169 fy a file? Agai\n-000056a0: 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 616e 0a65 n, consider an.e\n-000056b0: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 xample:.. (h\n-000056c0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e d0,msdos1)/vmlin\n-000056d0: 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 uz.. This spec\n-000056e0: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e ifies the file n\n-000056f0: 616d 6564 20e2 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 7ae2 amed ...vmlinuz.\n-00005700: 8099 2c20 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 .., found on the\n-00005710: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n-00005720: 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 .of the first ha\n-00005730: 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 rd disk drive. \n-00005740: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6172 Note that the ar\n-00005750: 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f gument completio\n-00005760: 6e20 776f 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 696c n works.with fil\n-00005770: 6520 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 e names, too... \n-00005780: 2020 5468 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 792c That was easy,\n-00005790: 2061 646d 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 admit it. Now \n-000057a0: 7265 6164 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 read the next ch\n-000057b0: 6170 7465 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 206f apter, to find o\n-000057c0: 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 616c ut how.to actual\n-000057d0: 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 ly install GRUB \n-000057e0: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e 0a0a on your drive...\n-000057f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00005800: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 o, Node: OS-spe\n-00005810: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 cific notes abou\n-00005820: 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e t grub tools, N\n-00005830: 6578 743a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f ext: Installatio\n-00005840: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 n, Prev: Naming\n-00005850: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 convention, Up\n-00005860: 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 6563 : Top..3 OS-spec\n-00005870: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 ific notes about\n-00005880: 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a grub tools.****\n+00004700: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00004710: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 2071 following is a q\n+00004720: 756f 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 476f uotation from Go\n+00004730: 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 742c rdon Matzigkeit,\n+00004740: 2061 2047 5255 4220 6661 6e61 7469 633a a GRUB fanatic:\n+00004750: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 .. Some peop\n+00004760: 6c65 206c 696b 6520 746f 2061 636b 6e6f le like to ackno\n+00004770: 776c 6564 6765 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 wledge both the \n+00004780: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00004790: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c and. kernel\n+000047a0: 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6579 2074 616c 6b20 when they talk \n+000047b0: 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6569 7220 636f 6d70 about their comp\n+000047c0: 7574 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206d uters, so they m\n+000047d0: 6967 6874 2073 6179 2074 6865 790a 2020 ight say they. \n+000047e0: 2020 2075 7365 2022 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 use \"GNU/Linu\n+000047f0: 7822 206f 7220 2247 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 x\" or \"GNU/Hurd\"\n+00004800: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2070 656f 706c 6520 . Other people \n+00004810: 7365 656d 2074 6f20 7468 696e 6b20 7468 seem to think th\n+00004820: 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e at the. kern\n+00004830: 656c 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 el is the most i\n+00004840: 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2070 6172 7420 6f66 mportant part of\n+00004850: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 the system, so \n+00004860: 7468 6579 206c 696b 6520 746f 0a20 2020 they like to. \n+00004870: 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 6865 6972 2047 4e55 call their GNU\n+00004880: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00004890: 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 7820 7379 7374 656d ms \"Linux system\n+000048a0: 732e 220a 0a20 2020 2020 492c 2070 6572 s.\".. I, per\n+000048b0: 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 656c 6965 7665 sonally, believe\n+000048c0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2069 7320 6120 that this is a \n+000048d0: 6772 6176 6520 696e 6a75 7374 6963 652c grave injustice,\n+000048e0: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 because the. \n+000048f0: 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 _boot loader_ \n+00004900: 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 696d 706f is the most impo\n+00004910: 7274 616e 7420 736f 6674 7761 7265 206f rtant software o\n+00004920: 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 4920 7573 6564 2074 f all. I used t\n+00004930: 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 o. refer to \n+00004940: 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 7379 7374 656d the above system\n+00004950: 7320 6173 2065 6974 6865 7220 224c 494c s as either \"LIL\n+00004960: 4f22 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c O\"(1) (*note Rol\n+00004970: 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 e of a. boot\n+00004980: 206c 6f61 6465 722d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 loader-Footnote\n+00004990: 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 2022 4752 5542 2220 -1::) or \"GRUB\" \n+000049a0: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 systems... U\n+000049b0: 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f nfortunately, no\n+000049c0: 626f 6479 2065 7665 7220 756e 6465 7273 body ever unders\n+000049d0: 746f 6f64 2077 6861 7420 4920 7761 7320 tood what I was \n+000049e0: 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 6162 6f75 743b 206e talking about; n\n+000049f0: 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 4920 6a75 7374 2075 ow. I just u\n+00004a00: 7365 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 se the word \"GNU\n+00004a10: 2220 6173 2061 2070 7365 7564 6f6e 796d \" as a pseudonym\n+00004a20: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 for GRUB... \n+00004a30: 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6576 6572 So, if you ever\n+00004a40: 2068 6561 7220 7065 6f70 6c65 2074 616c hear people tal\n+00004a50: 6b69 6e67 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 6972 king about their\n+00004a60: 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 2022 474e 5522 0a20 alleged \"GNU\". \n+00004a70: 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2072 656d systems, rem\n+00004a80: 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 2074 6865 7920 ember that they \n+00004a90: 6172 6520 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6179 are actually pay\n+00004aa0: 696e 6720 686f 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 7468 ing homage to th\n+00004ab0: 6520 6265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 e best. boot\n+00004ac0: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e loader around..\n+00004ad0: 2e20 4752 5542 210a 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 . GRUB!.. We, \n+00004ae0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d 6169 6e74 6169 the GRUB maintai\n+00004af0: 6e65 7273 2c20 646f 206e 6f74 2028 7573 ners, do not (us\n+00004b00: 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 ually) encourage\n+00004b10: 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a Gordon's level.\n+00004b20: 6f66 2066 616e 6174 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 of fanaticism, b\n+00004b30: 7574 2069 7420 6865 6c70 7320 746f 2072 ut it helps to r\n+00004b40: 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f6f emember that boo\n+00004b50: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6465 7365 7276 t loaders deserv\n+00004b60: 650a 7265 636f 676e 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 e.recognition. \n+00004b70: 5765 2068 6f70 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 We hope that you\n+00004b80: 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 enjoy using GNU\n+00004b90: 2047 5255 4220 6173 206d 7563 6820 6173 GRUB as much as\n+00004ba0: 2077 6520 6469 640a 7772 6974 696e 6720 we did.writing \n+00004bb0: 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 it.....File: gru\n+00004bc0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 b.info, Node: R\n+00004bd0: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n+00004be0: 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 ader-Footnotes, \n+00004bf0: 2055 703a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 Up: Role of a b\n+00004c00: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 oot loader.. (\n+00004c10: 3129 2054 6865 204c 496e 7578 204c 4f61 1) The LInux LOa\n+00004c20: 6465 722c 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 der, a boot load\n+00004c30: 6572 2074 6861 7420 6576 6572 7962 6f64 er that everybod\n+00004c40: 7920 7573 6573 2c20 6275 7420 6e6f 626f y uses, but nobo\n+00004c50: 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c dy.likes.....Fil\n+00004c60: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00004c70: 6f64 653a 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 ode: Naming conv\n+00004c80: 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f ention, Next: O\n+00004c90: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n+00004ca0: 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c about grub tool\n+00004cb0: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 s, Prev: Introd\n+00004cc0: 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 uction, Up: Top\n+00004cd0: 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 ..2 Naming conve\n+00004ce0: 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ntion.**********\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 *********..The d\n+00004d00: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2075 7365 evice syntax use\n+00004d10: 6420 696e 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2077 d in GRUB is a w\n+00004d20: 6565 2062 6974 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 ee bit different\n+00004d30: 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6174 2079 6f75 206d from what you m\n+00004d40: 6179 0a68 6176 6520 7365 656e 2062 6566 ay.have seen bef\n+00004d50: 6f72 6520 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 ore in your oper\n+00004d60: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2873 292c ating system(s),\n+00004d70: 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f and you need to\n+00004d80: 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 know it so.that\n+00004d90: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7065 6369 6679 you can specify\n+00004da0: 2061 2064 7269 7665 2f70 6172 7469 7469 a drive/partiti\n+00004db0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 on... Look at \n+00004dc0: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 the following ex\n+00004dd0: 616d 706c 6573 2061 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 amples and expla\n+00004de0: 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 nations:.. (\n+00004df0: 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 7374 206f fd0).. First o\n+00004e00: 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 f all, GRUB requ\n+00004e10: 6972 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6465 ires that the de\n+00004e20: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6265 2065 6e63 vice name be enc\n+00004e30: 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 28e2 losed with ...(.\n+00004e40: 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 2e20 ...and ...).... \n+00004e50: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6664 e280 9920 7061 The ...fd... pa\n+00004e60: 7274 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 rt means that it\n+00004e70: 2069 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 is a floppy dis\n+00004e80: 6b2e 2020 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 20e2 k. The number .\n+00004e90: 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6472 ..0....is the dr\n+00004ea0: 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7768 6963 ive number, whic\n+00004eb0: 6820 6973 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f h is counted fro\n+00004ec0: 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f 2e20 2054 6869 7320 m _zero_. This \n+00004ed0: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 expression.means\n+00004ee0: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 that GRUB will \n+00004ef0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 666c use the whole fl\n+00004f00: 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 oppy disk... \n+00004f10: 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 290a 0a20 (hd0,msdos2).. \n+00004f20: 2020 4865 7265 2c20 e280 9868 64e2 8099 Here, ...hd...\n+00004f30: 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 2061 2068 means it is a h\n+00004f40: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 2e20 ard disk drive. \n+00004f50: 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 6e74 6567 The first integ\n+00004f60: 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 6e64 6963 er ...0....indic\n+00004f70: 6174 6573 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 206e ates the drive n\n+00004f80: 756d 6265 722c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 umber, that is, \n+00004f90: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n+00004fa0: 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a isk, the string.\n+00004fb0: e280 986d 7364 6f73 e280 9920 696e 6469 ...msdos... indi\n+00004fc0: 6361 7465 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 cates the partit\n+00004fd0: 696f 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 696c ion scheme, whil\n+00004fe0: 6520 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 e the second int\n+00004ff0: 6567 6572 2c20 e280 9832 e280 992c 0a69 eger, ...2...,.i\n+00005000: 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 2070 6172 ndicates the par\n+00005010: 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 286f tition number (o\n+00005020: 7220 7468 6520 5043 2073 6c69 6365 206e r the PC slice n\n+00005030: 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 2042 5344 umber in the BSD\n+00005040: 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 .terminology). \n+00005050: 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 The partition nu\n+00005060: 6d62 6572 7320 6172 6520 636f 756e 7465 mbers are counte\n+00005070: 6420 6672 6f6d 205f 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f d from _one_, no\n+00005080: 7420 6672 6f6d 0a7a 6572 6f20 2861 7320 t from.zero (as \n+00005090: 7761 7320 7468 6520 6361 7365 2069 6e20 was the case in \n+000050a0: 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e previous version\n+000050b0: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4229 2e20 5468 6973 s of GRUB). This\n+000050c0: 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e expression.mean\n+000050d0: 7320 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 s the second par\n+000050e0: 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 tition of the fi\n+000050f0: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 rst hard disk dr\n+00005100: 6976 652e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 ive. In this ca\n+00005110: 7365 2c0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6f6e se,.GRUB uses on\n+00005120: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 e partition of t\n+00005130: 6865 2064 6973 6b2c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 he disk, instead\n+00005140: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 of the whole di\n+00005150: 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d sk... (hd0,m\n+00005160: 7364 6f73 3529 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 sdos5).. This \n+00005170: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 specifies the fi\n+00005180: 7273 7420 e280 9c65 7874 656e 6465 6420 rst ...extended \n+00005190: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6ee2 809d 206f 6620 partition... of \n+000051a0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n+000051b0: 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 isk.drive. Note\n+000051c0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 that the partit\n+000051d0: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 ion numbers for \n+000051e0: 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 extended partiti\n+000051f0: 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 636f 756e 7465 6420 ons are.counted \n+00005200: 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 35e2 8099 2c20 7265 from ...5..., re\n+00005210: 6761 7264 6c65 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 gardless of the \n+00005220: 6163 7475 616c 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 actual number of\n+00005230: 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 primary partiti\n+00005240: 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 ons.on your hard\n+00005250: 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 disk... (hd\n+00005260: 312c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 1,msdos1,bsd1)..\n+00005270: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 This means th\n+00005280: 6520 4253 4420 e280 9861 e280 9920 7061 e BSD ...a... pa\n+00005290: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 rtition on first\n+000052a0: 2050 4320 736c 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 PC slice number\n+000052b0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 of the.second h\n+000052c0: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 ard disk... Of\n+000052d0: 2063 6f75 7273 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 course, to actu\n+000052e0: 616c 6c79 2061 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 ally access the \n+000052f0: 6469 736b 7320 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 disks or partiti\n+00005300: 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 ons with GRUB, y\n+00005310: 6f75 0a6e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 ou.need to use t\n+00005320: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 he device specif\n+00005330: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d ication in a com\n+00005340: 6d61 6e64 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 mand, like ...se\n+00005350: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6664 3029 e280 990a t root=(fd0)....\n+00005360: 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 or ...parttool (\n+00005370: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7333 2920 6869 6464 hd0,msdos3) hidd\n+00005380: 656e 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 en-.... To help\n+00005390: 2079 6f75 2066 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 you find out wh\n+000053a0: 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 7065 6369 ich number.speci\n+000053b0: 6669 6573 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e fies a partition\n+000053c0: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 742c 2074 6865 2047 you want, the G\n+000053d0: 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 RUB command-line\n+000053e0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d 616e 642d (*note.Command-\n+000053f0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a line interface::\n+00005400: 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 7665 2061 ) options have a\n+00005410: 7267 756d 656e 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 rgument completi\n+00005420: 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 730a on. This means.\n+00005430: 7468 6174 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c that, for exampl\n+00005440: 652c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 e, you only need\n+00005450: 2074 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 to type.. s\n+00005460: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 2020 666f et root=(.. fo\n+00005470: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 3c54 4142 llowed by a , and GRUB will\n+00005490: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 206c 6973 display the lis\n+000054a0: 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c 0a70 6172 t of drives,.par\n+000054b0: 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 titions, or file\n+000054c0: 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 6974 2073 names. So it s\n+000054d0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2071 7569 7465 2065 hould be quite e\n+000054e0: 6173 7920 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 asy to determine\n+000054f0: 2074 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 the.name of you\n+00005500: 7220 7461 7267 6574 2070 6172 7469 7469 r target partiti\n+00005510: 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 6d69 on, even with mi\n+00005520: 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 nimal knowledge \n+00005530: 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a of the.syntax...\n+00005540: 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 Note that GRU\n+00005550: 4220 646f 6573 205f 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 B does _not_ dis\n+00005560: 7469 6e67 7569 7368 2049 4445 2066 726f tinguish IDE fro\n+00005570: 6d20 5343 5349 202d 2069 7420 7369 6d70 m SCSI - it simp\n+00005580: 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 6520 6472 ly.counts the dr\n+00005590: 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6672 6f6d ive numbers from\n+000055a0: 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 646c 6573 zero, regardles\n+000055b0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 6972 2074 7970 652e s of their type.\n+000055c0: 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 Normally,.any \n+000055d0: 4944 4520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 IDE drive number\n+000055e0: 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 616e is less than an\n+000055f0: 7920 5343 5349 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d y SCSI drive num\n+00005600: 6265 722c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7468 ber, although th\n+00005610: 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 7565 2069 at.is not true i\n+00005620: 6620 796f 7520 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 f you change the\n+00005630: 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 boot sequence b\n+00005640: 7920 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2049 4445 2061 y swapping IDE a\n+00005650: 6e64 2053 4353 490a 6472 6976 6573 2069 nd SCSI.drives i\n+00005660: 6e20 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 n your BIOS... \n+00005670: 204e 6f77 2074 6865 2071 7565 7374 696f Now the questio\n+00005680: 6e20 6973 2c20 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 n is, how to spe\n+00005690: 6369 6679 2061 2066 696c 653f 2020 4167 cify a file? Ag\n+000056a0: 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 616e ain, consider an\n+000056b0: 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 .example:.. \n+000056c0: 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c (hd0,msdos1)/vml\n+000056d0: 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 inuz.. This sp\n+000056e0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 ecifies the file\n+000056f0: 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 named ...vmlinu\n+00005700: 7ae2 8099 2c20 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 z..., found on t\n+00005710: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+00005720: 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on.of the first \n+00005730: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e hard disk drive.\n+00005740: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 Note that the \n+00005750: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 argument complet\n+00005760: 696f 6e20 776f 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 ion works.with f\n+00005770: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a ile names, too..\n+00005780: 0a20 2020 5468 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 . That was eas\n+00005790: 792c 2061 646d 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f y, admit it. No\n+000057a0: 7720 7265 6164 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 w read the next \n+000057b0: 6368 6170 7465 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 chapter, to find\n+000057c0: 206f 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 out how.to actu\n+000057d0: 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 ally install GRU\n+000057e0: 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e B on your drive.\n+000057f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00005800: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 nfo, Node: OS-s\n+00005810: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 pecific notes ab\n+00005820: 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 out grub tools, \n+00005830: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 Next: Installat\n+00005840: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 ion, Prev: Nami\n+00005850: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 ng convention, \n+00005860: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 Up: Top..3 OS-sp\n+00005870: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f ecific notes abo\n+00005880: 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a ut grub tools.**\n 00005890: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000058b0: 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 6861 ..On OS which ha\n-000058c0: 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 ve device nodes \n-000058d0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 782d similar to Unix-\n-000058e0: 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 6f6f like OS GRUB too\n-000058f0: 6c73 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 ls use the.OS na\n-00005900: 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 me. E.g. for G\n-00005910: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 NU/Linux:.. \n-00005920: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f # grub-install /\n-00005930: 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 dev/sda.. On A\n-00005940: 524f 5320 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 ROS we use anoth\n-00005950: 6572 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f 7220 er syntax. For \n-00005960: 766f 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 202f volumes:.. /\n-00005970: 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 3e0a /:.\n-00005980: 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 202f . E.g... /\n-00005990: 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 /:DH0.. For di\n-000059a0: 736b 7320 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e 7461 sks we use synta\n-000059b0: 783a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 x:. //:/unit/fl\n-000059d0: 6167 730a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 ags.. E.g... \n-000059e0: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n-000059f0: 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 652f l //:ata.device/\n-00005a00: 302f 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 0/0.. On Windo\n-00005a10: 7773 2077 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 7061 ws we use UNC pa\n-00005a20: 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 th. For volumes\n-00005a30: 2069 7427 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 790a it's typically.\n-00005a40: 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 . \\\\?\\Volume\n-00005a50: 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c {}. \\\\\n-00005a60: 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 206c 6574 7465 723e ?\\\n-00005a70: 3a0a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 :.. E.g... \n-00005a80: 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 6633 \\\\?\\Volume{17f3\n-00005a90: 3464 3530 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 2d38 4d50-cf64-4b02-8\n-00005aa0: 3030 652d 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 6666 00e-51d79c3aa2ff\n-00005ab0: 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 }. \\\\?\\C:.. \n-00005ac0: 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 2773 For disks it's\n-00005ad0: 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 .. \\\\?\\Physi\n-00005ae0: 6361 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 723e calDrive\n-00005af0: 0a0a 2020 2045 2e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 .. E.g... \n-00005b00: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c # grub-install \\\n-00005b10: 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 \\?\\PhysicalDrive\n-00005b20: 300a 0a20 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 6861 0.. Beware tha\n-00005b30: 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 t you may need t\n-00005b40: 6f20 6675 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 7065 o further escape\n-00005b50: 2074 6865 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 the backslashes\n-00005b60: 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f depending.on yo\n-00005b70: 7572 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 ur shell... Wh\n-00005b80: 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 7468 en compiled with\n-00005b90: 2063 7967 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 cygwin support \n-00005ba0: 7468 656e 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 6976 then cygwin driv\n-00005bb0: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 746f e names are.auto\n-00005bc0: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e 206e matically when n\n-00005bd0: 6565 6465 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 eeded. E.g... \n-00005be0: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n-00005bf0: 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 l /dev/sda....Fi\n-00005c00: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00005c10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 Node: Installati\n-00005c20: 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 on, Next: Booti\n-00005c30: 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d 7370 ng, Prev: OS-sp\n-00005c40: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f ecific notes abo\n-00005c50: 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 ut grub tools, \n-00005c60: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 Up: Top..4 Insta\n-00005c70: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a llation.********\n-00005c80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 6572 ******..In order\n-00005c90: 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 to install GRUB\n-00005ca0: 2061 7320 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f as your boot lo\n-00005cb0: 6164 6572 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 ader, you need t\n-00005cc0: 6f20 6669 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c0a o first install.\n-00005cd0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 6d20 the GRUB system \n-00005ce0: 616e 6420 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 756e and utilities un\n-00005cf0: 6465 7220 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 der your UNIX-li\n-00005d00: 6b65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ke operating sys\n-00005d10: 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 tem.(*note Obtai\n-00005d20: 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e ning and Buildin\n-00005d30: 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f 7520 g GRUB::). You \n-00005d40: 6361 6e20 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 7468 can do this eith\n-00005d50: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f 7572 er from the.sour\n-00005d60: 6365 2074 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 ce tarball, or a\n-00005d70: 7320 6120 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f 7220 s a package for \n-00005d80: 796f 7572 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 your OS... Aft\n-00005d90: 6572 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f 6e65 er you have done\n-00005da0: 2074 6861 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 that, you need \n-00005db0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 to install the b\n-00005dc0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 610a oot loader on a.\n-00005dd0: 6472 6976 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 drive (floppy or\n-00005de0: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 2075 hard disk) by u\n-00005df0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 7479 sing the utility\n-00005e00: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n-00005e10: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b ... (*note.Invok\n-00005e20: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n-00005e30: 3a3a 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 ::) on a UNIX-li\n-00005e40: 6b65 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 ke OS... GRUB \n-00005e50: 636f 6d65 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 comes with boot \n-00005e60: 696d 6167 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 images, which ar\n-00005e70: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 e normally put i\n-00005e80: 6e20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a n the directory.\n-00005e90: e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 .../usr/lib/grub\n-00005ea0: 2f3c 6370 753e 2d3c 706c 6174 666f 726d /-... (for BIOS-b\n-00005ec0: 6173 6564 206d 6163 6869 6e65 730a e280 ased machines...\n-00005ed0: 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 ./usr/lib/grub/i\n-00005ee0: 3338 362d 7063 e280 9929 2e20 2048 6572 386-pc...). Her\n-00005ef0: 6561 6674 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6469 7265 eafter, the dire\n-00005f00: 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 ctory where GRUB\n-00005f10: 2069 6d61 6765 730a 6172 6520 696e 6974 images.are init\n-00005f20: 6961 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 6564 2028 6e6f ially placed (no\n-00005f30: 726d 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 2f6c rmally .../usr/l\n-00005f40: 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d 3c70 ib/grub/-...) wil\n-00005f60: 6c20 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 l be.called the \n-00005f70: e280 9c69 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 746f ...image directo\n-00005f80: 7279 e280 9d2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 ry..., and the d\n-00005f90: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 irectory where t\n-00005fa0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e he boot loader.n\n-00005fb0: 6565 6473 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 eeds to find the\n-00005fc0: 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 m (usually .../b\n-00005fd0: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 oot...) will be \n-00005fe0: 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 20e2 809c 626f called the ...bo\n-00005ff0: 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2e ot.directory....\n-00006000: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 ..* Menu:..* Ins\n-00006010: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 talling GRUB usi\n-00006020: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a ng grub-install:\n-00006030: 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 :.* Making a GRU\n-00006040: 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f B bootable CD-RO\n-00006050: 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 M::.* Device map\n-00006060: 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c ::.* BIOS instal\n-00006070: 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 lation::....File\n-00006080: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00006090: 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 de: Installing G\n-000060a0: 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 RUB using grub-i\n-000060b0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d nstall, Next: M\n-000060c0: 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a GRUB boo\n-000060d0: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 table CD-ROM, U\n-000060e0: 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a p: Installation.\n-000060f0: 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 .4.1 Installing \n-00006100: 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d GRUB using grub-\n-00006110: 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d install.========\n+000058b0: 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 **..On OS which \n+000058c0: 6861 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 have device node\n+000058d0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 s similar to Uni\n+000058e0: 782d 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 x-like OS GRUB t\n+000058f0: 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 ools use the.OS \n+00005900: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 name. E.g. for\n+00005910: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 GNU/Linux:.. \n+00005920: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+00005930: 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e /dev/sda.. On\n+00005940: 2041 524f 5320 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f AROS we use ano\n+00005950: 7468 6572 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f ther syntax. Fo\n+00005960: 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 r volumes:.. \n+00005970: 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 //:.. E.g... \n+00005990: 202f 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 //:DH0.. For \n+000059a0: 6469 736b 7320 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e disks we use syn\n+000059b0: 7461 783a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 tax:. //:/unit/\n+000059d0: 666c 6167 730a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a flags.. E.g...\n+000059e0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+000059f0: 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 all //:ata.devic\n+00005a00: 652f 302f 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e e/0/0.. On Win\n+00005a10: 646f 7773 2077 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 dows we use UNC \n+00005a20: 7061 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d path. For volum\n+00005a30: 6573 2069 7427 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c es it's typicall\n+00005a40: 790a 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 y.. \\\\?\\Volu\n+00005a50: 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 2020 2020 me{}. \n+00005a60: 5c5c 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 206c 6574 7465 \\\\?\\:.. E.g... \n+00005a80: 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 \\\\?\\Volume{17\n+00005a90: 6633 3464 3530 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 f34d50-cf64-4b02\n+00005aa0: 2d38 3030 652d 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 -800e-51d79c3aa2\n+00005ab0: 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a ff}. \\\\?\\C:.\n+00005ac0: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 . For disks it\n+00005ad0: 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 's.. \\\\?\\Phy\n+00005ae0: 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 sicalDrive.. E.g... \n+00005b00: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+00005b10: 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 \\\\?\\PhysicalDri\n+00005b20: 7665 300a 0a20 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 ve0.. Beware t\n+00005b30: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 hat you may need\n+00005b40: 2074 6f20 6675 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 to further esca\n+00005b50: 7065 2074 6865 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 pe the backslash\n+00005b60: 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 es depending.on \n+00005b70: 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 your shell... \n+00005b80: 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 When compiled wi\n+00005b90: 7468 2063 7967 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 th cygwin suppor\n+00005ba0: 7420 7468 656e 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 t then cygwin dr\n+00005bb0: 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 ive names are.au\n+00005bc0: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e tomatically when\n+00005bd0: 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a needed. E.g...\n+00005be0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+00005bf0: 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a all /dev/sda....\n+00005c00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00005c10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 Node: Installa\n+00005c20: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f tion, Next: Boo\n+00005c30: 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d ting, Prev: OS-\n+00005c40: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 specific notes a\n+00005c50: 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c bout grub tools,\n+00005c60: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 Up: Top..4 Ins\n+00005c70: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tallation.******\n+00005c80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 ********..In ord\n+00005c90: 6572 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 er to install GR\n+00005ca0: 5542 2061 7320 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 UB as your boot \n+00005cb0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 loader, you need\n+00005cc0: 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c to first instal\n+00005cd0: 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 l.the GRUB syste\n+00005ce0: 6d20 616e 6420 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 m and utilities \n+00005cf0: 756e 6465 7220 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d under your UNIX-\n+00005d00: 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 like operating s\n+00005d10: 7973 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 ystem.(*note Obt\n+00005d20: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n+00005d30: 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f ing GRUB::). Yo\n+00005d40: 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 u can do this ei\n+00005d50: 7468 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f ther from the.so\n+00005d60: 7572 6365 2074 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 urce tarball, or\n+00005d70: 2061 7320 6120 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f as a package fo\n+00005d80: 7220 796f 7572 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 r your OS... A\n+00005d90: 6674 6572 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f fter you have do\n+00005da0: 6e65 2074 6861 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 ne that, you nee\n+00005db0: 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 d to install the\n+00005dc0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 boot loader on \n+00005dd0: 610a 6472 6976 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 a.drive (floppy \n+00005de0: 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 or hard disk) by\n+00005df0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 using the utili\n+00005e00: 7479 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 ty ...grub-insta\n+00005e10: 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 ll... (*note.Inv\n+00005e20: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking grub-insta\n+00005e30: 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d ll::) on a UNIX-\n+00005e40: 6c69 6b65 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 like OS... GRU\n+00005e50: 4220 636f 6d65 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f B comes with boo\n+00005e60: 7420 696d 6167 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 t images, which \n+00005e70: 6172 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 are normally put\n+00005e80: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 in the director\n+00005e90: 790a e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 y..../usr/lib/gr\n+00005ea0: 7562 2f3c 6370 753e 2d3c 706c 6174 666f ub/-... (for BIOS\n+00005ec0: 2d62 6173 6564 206d 6163 6869 6e65 730a -based machines.\n+00005ed0: e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 .../usr/lib/grub\n+00005ee0: 2f69 3338 362d 7063 e280 9929 2e20 2048 /i386-pc...). H\n+00005ef0: 6572 6561 6674 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6469 ereafter, the di\n+00005f00: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 6520 4752 rectory where GR\n+00005f10: 5542 2069 6d61 6765 730a 6172 6520 696e UB images.are in\n+00005f20: 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 6564 2028 itially placed (\n+00005f30: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 normally .../usr\n+00005f40: 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d /lib/grub/-\n+00005f50: 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e e280 9929 2077 ...) w\n+00005f60: 696c 6c20 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 ill be.called th\n+00005f70: 6520 e280 9c69 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 e ...image direc\n+00005f80: 746f 7279 e280 9d2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 tory..., and the\n+00005f90: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 directory where\n+00005fa0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n+00005fb0: 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 .needs to find t\n+00005fc0: 6865 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 hem (usually ...\n+00005fd0: 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 /boot...) will b\n+00005fe0: 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 20e2 809c e called the ...\n+00005ff0: 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 boot.directory..\n+00006000: 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 ....* Menu:..* I\n+00006010: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 nstalling GRUB u\n+00006020: 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c sing grub-instal\n+00006030: 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 l::.* Making a G\n+00006040: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d RUB bootable CD-\n+00006050: 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 6365 206d ROM::.* Device m\n+00006060: 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 ap::.* BIOS inst\n+00006070: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 allation::....Fi\n+00006080: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00006090: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 Node: Installing\n+000060a0: 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 GRUB using grub\n+000060b0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a -install, Next:\n+000060c0: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n+000060d0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 ootable CD-ROM, \n+000060e0: 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f Up: Installatio\n+000060f0: 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e n..4.1 Installin\n+00006100: 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 g GRUB using gru\n+00006110: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d b-install.======\n 00006120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00006140: 466f 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 For information \n-00006150: 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7368 on where GRUB sh\n-00006160: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 ould be installe\n-00006170: 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 d on PC BIOS pla\n-00006180: 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 tforms,.*note BI\n-00006190: 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a OS installation:\n-000061a0: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 :... In order \n-000061b0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 to install GRUB \n-000061c0: 756e 6465 7220 6120 554e 4958 2d6c 696b under a UNIX-lik\n-000061d0: 6520 4f53 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 474e e OS (such as GN\n-000061e0: 5529 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 U), invoke.the p\n-000061f0: 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 rogram ...grub-i\n-00006200: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 nstall... (*note\n-00006210: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking grub-i\n-00006220: 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 6865 nstall::) as the\n-00006230: 0a73 7570 6572 7573 6572 2028 e280 9c72 .superuser (...r\n-00006240: 6f6f 74e2 809d 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 oot...)... The\n-00006250: 2075 7361 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 usage is basica\n-00006260: 6c6c 7920 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e lly very simple.\n-00006270: 2020 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 You only need \n-00006280: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 to specify one.a\n-00006290: 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 rgument to the p\n-000062a0: 726f 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 rogram, namely, \n-000062b0: 7768 6572 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c where to install\n-000062c0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n-000062d0: 2e20 2054 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 . The.argument \n-000062e0: 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 has to be either\n-000062f0: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 a device file (\n-00006300: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 like .../dev/hda\n-00006310: e280 9929 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 ...). For examp\n-00006320: 6c65 2c0a 756e 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 le,.under Linux \n-00006330: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7769 the following wi\n-00006340: 6c6c 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 ll install GRUB \n-00006350: 696e 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 206f 6620 into the MBR of \n-00006360: 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 4944 4520 6469 the first.IDE di\n-00006370: 736b 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 sk:.. # grub\n-00006380: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 -install /dev/sd\n-00006390: 610a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 a.. Likewise, \n-000063a0: 756e 6465 7220 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 under GNU/Hurd, \n-000063b0: 7468 6973 2068 6173 2074 6865 2073 616d this has the sam\n-000063c0: 6520 6566 6665 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e effect:.. \n-000063d0: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f # grub-install /\n-000063e0: 6465 762f 6864 300a 0a20 2020 4275 7420 dev/hd0.. But \n-000063f0: 616c 6c20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6578 all the above ex\n-00006400: 616d 706c 6573 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 amples assume th\n-00006410: 6174 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 at GRUB should p\n-00006420: 7574 2069 6d61 6765 7320 756e 6465 720a ut images under.\n-00006430: 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 the .../boot... \n-00006440: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 2020 4966 2079 directory. If y\n-00006450: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 4752 5542 2074 6f20 ou want GRUB to \n-00006460: 7075 7420 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 6572 put images under\n-00006470: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 a directory.oth\n-00006480: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 er than .../boot\n-00006490: e280 992c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f ..., you need to\n-000064a0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 specify the opt\n-000064b0: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 ion ...--boot-di\n-000064c0: 7265 6374 6f72 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 rectory.....The \n-000064d0: 7479 7069 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 typical usage is\n-000064e0: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 that you create\n-000064f0: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f a GRUB boot flo\n-00006500: 7070 7920 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 ppy with a.files\n-00006510: 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 ystem. Here is \n-00006520: 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 an example:.. \n-00006530: 2020 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f # mke2fs /dev/\n-00006540: 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 fd0. # mount\n-00006550: 202d 7420 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 -t ext2 /dev/fd\n-00006560: 3020 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 0 /mnt. # mk\n-00006570: 6469 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 dir /mnt/boot. \n-00006580: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n-00006590: 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f l --boot-directo\n-000065a0: 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 ry=/mnt/boot /de\n-000065b0: 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f v/fd0. # umo\n-000065c0: 756e 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d unt /mnt.. Som\n-000065d0: 6520 4249 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 e BIOSes have a \n-000065e0: 6275 6720 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 bug of exposing \n-000065f0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 the first partit\n-00006600: 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 ion of a USB dri\n-00006610: 7665 0a61 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 ve.as a floppy i\n-00006620: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 nstead of exposi\n-00006630: 6e67 2074 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 ng the USB drive\n-00006640: 2061 7320 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 as a hard disk \n-00006650: 2874 6865 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 (they call.it \"U\n-00006660: 5342 2d46 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 SB-FDD\" boot). \n-00006670: 496e 2073 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 In such cases, y\n-00006680: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 ou need to insta\n-00006690: 6c6c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 ll like this:.. \n-000066a0: 2020 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 # losetup /d\n-000066b0: 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 ev/loop0 /dev/sd\n-000066c0: 6231 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 b1. # mount \n-000066d0: 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f /dev/loop0 /mnt/\n-000066e0: 7573 620a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d usb. # grub-\n-000066f0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 install --boot-d\n-00006700: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 irectory=/mnt/us\n-00006710: 622f 6275 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 b/bugbios --forc\n-00006720: 6520 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 e --allow-floppy\n-00006730: 202f 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 /dev/loop0.. \n-00006740: 5468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 This install doe\n-00006750: 736e 2774 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 sn't conflict wi\n-00006760: 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 th standard inst\n-00006770: 616c 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 all as long as t\n-00006780: 6865 790a 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 hey.are in separ\n-00006790: 6174 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e ate directories.\n-000067a0: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 .. On EFI syst\n-000067b0: 656d 7320 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 ems for fixed di\n-000067c0: 736b 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 sk install you h\n-000067d0: 6176 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 ave to mount EFI\n-000067e0: 2053 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f System.Partitio\n-000067f0: 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 n. If you mount\n-00006800: 2069 7420 6174 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f it at .../boot/\n-00006810: 6566 69e2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 efi... then you \n-00006820: 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 don't need any.s\n-00006830: 7065 6369 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 pecial arguments\n-00006840: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 :.. # grub-i\n-00006850: 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 nstall.. Other\n-00006860: 7769 7365 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f wise you need to\n-00006870: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2077 6865 7265 2079 specify where y\n-00006880: 6f75 7220 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d 2070 our EFI System p\n-00006890: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f 756e artition is.moun\n-000068a0: 7465 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 ted:.. # gru\n-000068b0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d b-install --efi-\n-000068c0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 directory=/mnt/e\n-000068d0: 6669 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 fi.. For remov\n-000068e0: 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 796f able installs yo\n-000068f0: 7520 6861 7665 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 u have to use ..\n-00006900: 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 9920 .--removable... \n-00006910: 616e 6420 7370 6563 6966 7920 626f 7468 and specify both\n-00006920: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 ....--boot-direc\n-00006930: 746f 7279 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d tory... and ...-\n-00006940: 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 -efi-directory..\n-00006950: 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d .:.. # grub-\n-00006960: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 install --efi-di\n-00006970: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 rectory=/mnt/usb\n-00006980: 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 --boot-director\n-00006990: 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 y=/mnt/usb/boot \n-000069a0: 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 --removable....F\n-000069b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000069c0: 204e 6f64 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 Node: Making a \n-000069d0: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n-000069e0: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 -ROM, Next: Dev\n-000069f0: 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ice map, Prev: \n-00006a00: 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 Installing GRUB \n-00006a10: 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 using grub-insta\n-00006a20: 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c ll, Up: Install\n-00006a30: 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e ation..4.2 Makin\n-00006a40: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n-00006a50: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e CD-ROM.=======\n+00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00006140: 0a0a 466f 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f ..For informatio\n+00006150: 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 n on where GRUB \n+00006160: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c should be instal\n+00006170: 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 led on PC BIOS p\n+00006180: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 latforms,.*note \n+00006190: 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f BIOS installatio\n+000061a0: 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 n::... In orde\n+000061b0: 7220 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 r to install GRU\n+000061c0: 4220 756e 6465 7220 6120 554e 4958 2d6c B under a UNIX-l\n+000061d0: 696b 6520 4f53 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 ike OS (such as \n+000061e0: 474e 5529 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 GNU), invoke.the\n+000061f0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 program ...grub\n+00006200: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f -install... (*no\n+00006210: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te Invoking grub\n+00006220: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 -install::) as t\n+00006230: 6865 0a73 7570 6572 7573 6572 2028 e280 he.superuser (..\n+00006240: 9c72 6f6f 74e2 809d 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 .root...)... T\n+00006250: 6865 2075 7361 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 he usage is basi\n+00006260: 6361 6c6c 7920 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c cally very simpl\n+00006270: 652e 2020 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 e. You only nee\n+00006280: 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 d to specify one\n+00006290: 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 .argument to the\n+000062a0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 program, namely\n+000062b0: 2c20 7768 6572 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 , where to insta\n+000062c0: 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 ll the boot load\n+000062d0: 6572 2e20 2054 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e er. The.argumen\n+000062e0: 7420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 t has to be eith\n+000062f0: 6572 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 er a device file\n+00006300: 2028 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 (like .../dev/h\n+00006310: 6461 e280 9929 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 da...). For exa\n+00006320: 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 mple,.under Linu\n+00006330: 7820 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 x the following \n+00006340: 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 will install GRU\n+00006350: 4220 696e 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 206f B into the MBR o\n+00006360: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 4944 4520 f the first.IDE \n+00006370: 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 disk:.. # gr\n+00006380: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f ub-install /dev/\n+00006390: 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 sda.. Likewise\n+000063a0: 2c20 756e 6465 7220 474e 552f 4875 7264 , under GNU/Hurd\n+000063b0: 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6173 2074 6865 2073 , this has the s\n+000063c0: 616d 6520 6566 6665 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 ame effect:.. \n+000063d0: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+000063e0: 202f 6465 762f 6864 300a 0a20 2020 4275 /dev/hd0.. Bu\n+000063f0: 7420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 t all the above \n+00006400: 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 7373 756d 6520 examples assume \n+00006410: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 that GRUB should\n+00006420: 2070 7574 2069 6d61 6765 7320 756e 6465 put images unde\n+00006430: 720a 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 r.the .../boot..\n+00006440: 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 2020 4966 . directory. If\n+00006450: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 4752 5542 2074 you want GRUB t\n+00006460: 6f20 7075 7420 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 o put images und\n+00006470: 6572 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6f er a directory.o\n+00006480: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 e280 982f 626f ther than .../bo\n+00006490: 6f74 e280 992c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 ot..., you need \n+000064a0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f to specify the o\n+000064b0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d ption ...--boot-\n+000064c0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 directory.....Th\n+000064d0: 6520 7479 7069 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 e typical usage \n+000064e0: 6973 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 is that you crea\n+000064f0: 7465 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 te a GRUB boot f\n+00006500: 6c6f 7070 7920 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c loppy with a.fil\n+00006510: 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 esystem. Here i\n+00006520: 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 s an example:.. \n+00006530: 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 # mke2fs /de\n+00006540: 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 v/fd0. # mou\n+00006550: 6e74 202d 7420 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f nt -t ext2 /dev/\n+00006560: 6664 3020 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 fd0 /mnt. # \n+00006570: 6d6b 6469 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a mkdir /mnt/boot.\n+00006580: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+00006590: 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 all --boot-direc\n+000065a0: 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f tory=/mnt/boot /\n+000065b0: 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 dev/fd0. # u\n+000065c0: 6d6f 756e 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 mount /mnt.. S\n+000065d0: 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 ome BIOSes have \n+000065e0: 6120 6275 6720 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e a bug of exposin\n+000065f0: 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 g the first part\n+00006600: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 ition of a USB d\n+00006610: 7269 7665 0a61 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 rive.as a floppy\n+00006620: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f instead of expo\n+00006630: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 sing the USB dri\n+00006640: 7665 2061 7320 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 ve as a hard dis\n+00006650: 6b20 2874 6865 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 k (they call.it \n+00006660: 2255 5342 2d46 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e \"USB-FDD\" boot).\n+00006670: 2020 496e 2073 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c In such cases,\n+00006680: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 you need to ins\n+00006690: 7461 6c6c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a tall like this:.\n+000066a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 . # losetup \n+000066b0: 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f /dev/loop0 /dev/\n+000066c0: 7364 6231 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e sdb1. # moun\n+000066d0: 7420 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e t /dev/loop0 /mn\n+000066e0: 742f 7573 620a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 t/usb. # gru\n+000066f0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 b-install --boot\n+00006700: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f -directory=/mnt/\n+00006710: 7573 622f 6275 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f usb/bugbios --fo\n+00006720: 7263 6520 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 rce --allow-flop\n+00006730: 7079 202f 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 py /dev/loop0.. \n+00006740: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 This install d\n+00006750: 6f65 736e 2774 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 oesn't conflict \n+00006760: 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e with standard in\n+00006770: 7374 616c 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 stall as long as\n+00006780: 2074 6865 790a 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 they.are in sep\n+00006790: 6172 6174 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 arate directorie\n+000067a0: 732e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 s... On EFI sy\n+000067b0: 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 stems for fixed \n+000067c0: 6469 736b 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 disk install you\n+000067d0: 2068 6176 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 have to mount E\n+000067e0: 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 FI System.Partit\n+000067f0: 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 ion. If you mou\n+00006800: 6e74 2069 7420 6174 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f nt it at .../boo\n+00006810: 742f 6566 69e2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 796f t/efi... then yo\n+00006820: 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 u don't need any\n+00006830: 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e .special argumen\n+00006840: 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 ts:.. # grub\n+00006850: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 -install.. Oth\n+00006860: 6572 7769 7365 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 erwise you need \n+00006870: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2077 6865 7265 to specify where\n+00006880: 2079 6f75 7220 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d your EFI System\n+00006890: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f partition is.mo\n+000068a0: 756e 7465 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 unted:.. # g\n+000068b0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 rub-install --ef\n+000068c0: 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 i-directory=/mnt\n+000068d0: 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2072 656d /efi.. For rem\n+000068e0: 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 ovable installs \n+000068f0: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 6f20 7573 6520 you have to use \n+00006900: e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 ...--removable..\n+00006910: 9920 616e 6420 7370 6563 6966 7920 626f . and specify bo\n+00006920: 7468 0ae2 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 th....--boot-dir\n+00006930: 6563 746f 7279 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 ectory... and ..\n+00006940: 982d 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 .--efi-directory\n+00006950: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 ...:.. # gru\n+00006960: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d b-install --efi-\n+00006970: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 directory=/mnt/u\n+00006980: 7362 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 sb --boot-direct\n+00006990: 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f ory=/mnt/usb/boo\n+000069a0: 7420 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f t --removable...\n+000069b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000069c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 , Node: Making \n+000069d0: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n+000069e0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 CD-ROM, Next: D\n+000069f0: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 evice map, Prev\n+00006a00: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 : Installing GRU\n+00006a10: 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 B using grub-ins\n+00006a20: 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 tall, Up: Insta\n+00006a30: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b llation..4.2 Mak\n+00006a40: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n+00006a50: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ble CD-ROM.=====\n 00006a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 ==========..GRUB\n-00006a80: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 e280 supports the ..\n-00006a90: 9c6e 6f20 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f .no emulation mo\n-00006aa0: 6465 e280 9d20 696e 2074 6865 2045 6c20 de... in the El \n-00006ab0: 546f 7269 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 Torito specifica\n-00006ac0: 7469 6f6e 2831 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d tion(1).(*note M\n-00006ad0: 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a GRUB boo\n-00006ae0: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f table CD-ROM-Foo\n-00006af0: 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 tnote-1::). Thi\n-00006b00: 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 s means that you\n-00006b10: 0a63 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 686f .can use the who\n-00006b20: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 le CD-ROM from G\n-00006b30: 5255 4220 616e 6420 796f 7520 646f 6e27 RUB and you don'\n-00006b40: 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 t have to make a\n-00006b50: 2066 6c6f 7070 790a 6f72 2068 6172 6420 floppy.or hard \n-00006b60: 6469 736b 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652c disk image file,\n-00006b70: 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2063 6175 7365 which can cause\n-00006b80: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2070 compatibility p\n-00006b90: 726f 626c 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 roblems... For\n-00006ba0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 booting from a \n-00006bb0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 CD-ROM, GRUB use\n-00006bc0: 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 696d 6167 s a special imag\n-00006bd0: 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 626f e called....cdbo\n-00006be0: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 ot.img..., which\n-00006bf0: 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6564 is concatenated\n-00006c00: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d with ...core.im\n-00006c10: 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 636f g.... The ...co\n-00006c20: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 7573 6564 2066 re.img....used f\n-00006c30: 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 or this should b\n-00006c40: 6520 6275 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 e built with at \n-00006c50: 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f least the ...iso\n-00006c60: 3936 3630 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9862 9660... and ...b\n-00006c70: 696f 7364 6973 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 756c iosdisk....modul\n-00006c80: 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 6162 es. Your bootab\n-00006c90: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 le CD-ROM will u\n-00006ca0: 7375 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 sually also need\n-00006cb0: 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 610a 636f to include a.co\n-00006cc0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-00006cd0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 ...grub.cfg... \n-00006ce0: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2047 and some other G\n-00006cf0: 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 RUB modules... \n-00006d00: 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d 706c To make a simpl\n-00006d10: 6520 6765 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 2072 e generic GRUB r\n-00006d20: 6573 6375 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 6361 escue CD, you ca\n-00006d30: 6e20 7573 6520 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 n use the....gru\n-00006d40: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 b-mkrescue... pr\n-00006d50: 6f67 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 ogram (*note Inv\n-00006d60: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 oking grub-mkres\n-00006d70: 6375 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 cue::):.. $ \n-00006d80: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f grub-mkrescue -o\n-00006d90: 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f grub.iso.. Yo\n-00006da0: 7520 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 u will often nee\n-00006db0: 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 d to include oth\n-00006dc0: 6572 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 er files in your\n-00006dd0: 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 image. To do.t\n-00006de0: 6869 732c 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 his, first make \n-00006df0: 6120 746f 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 a top directory \n-00006e00: 666f 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 for the bootable\n-00006e10: 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 image, say, ...\n-00006e20: 6973 6fe2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 iso...:.. $ \n-00006e30: 6d6b 6469 7220 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 mkdir iso.. Ma\n-00006e40: 6b65 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2066 ke a directory f\n-00006e50: 6f72 2047 5255 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 or GRUB:.. $\n-00006e60: 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6973 6f2f 626f mkdir -p iso/bo\n-00006e70: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 4966 2064 ot/grub.. If d\n-00006e80: 6573 6972 6564 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 esired, make the\n-00006e90: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 config file ...\n-00006ea0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 756e 6465 grub.cfg... unde\n-00006eb0: 7220 e280 9869 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 r ...iso/boot/gr\n-00006ec0: 7562 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e ub....(*note Con\n-00006ed0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 figuration::), a\n-00006ee0: 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 6c65 nd copy any file\n-00006ef0: 7320 616e 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 s and directorie\n-00006f00: 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 0a74 s for the disc.t\n-00006f10: 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 o the directory \n-00006f20: e280 9869 736f 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 ...iso/...... \n-00006f30: 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 Finally, make th\n-00006f40: 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 e image:.. $\n-00006f50: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d grub-mkrescue -\n-00006f60: 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a o grub.iso iso..\n-00006f70: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 This produces\n-00006f80: 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 a file named ..\n-00006f90: 9867 7275 622e 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 .grub.iso..., wh\n-00006fa0: 6963 6820 7468 656e 2063 616e 2062 6520 ich then can be \n-00006fb0: 6275 726e 6564 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 burned into.a CD\n-00006fc0: 2028 6f72 2061 2044 5644 292c 206f 7220 (or a DVD), or \n-00006fd0: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 2055 5342 written to a USB\n-00006fe0: 206d 6173 7320 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 mass storage de\n-00006ff0: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 726f vice... The ro\n-00007000: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 ot device will b\n-00007010: 6520 7365 7420 7570 2061 7070 726f 7072 e set up appropr\n-00007020: 6961 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 656e 7465 7269 iately on enteri\n-00007030: 6e67 2079 6f75 720a e280 9867 7275 622e ng your....grub.\n-00007040: 6366 67e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 cfg... configura\n-00007050: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2073 6f20 796f tion file, so yo\n-00007060: 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6665 7220 746f 2066 u can refer to f\n-00007070: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 ile names on the\n-00007080: 2043 440a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 CD.without need\n-00007090: 696e 6720 746f 2075 7365 2061 6e20 6578 ing to use an ex\n-000070a0: 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 plicit device na\n-000070b0: 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 me. This makes \n-000070c0: 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a70 726f it easier to.pro\n-000070d0: 6475 6365 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 duce rescue imag\n-000070e0: 6573 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 es that will wor\n-000070f0: 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 6361 k on both optica\n-00007100: 6c20 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2055 5342 l drives and USB\n-00007110: 206d 6173 730a 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 mass.storage de\n-00007120: 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 vices.....File: \n-00007130: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00007140: 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 : Making a GRUB \n-00007150: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d2d bootable CD-ROM-\n-00007160: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Footnotes, Up: \n-00007170: 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f Making a GRUB bo\n-00007180: 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 otable CD-ROM.. \n-00007190: 2020 2831 2920 456c 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 (1) El Torito \n-000071a0: 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 is a specificati\n-000071b0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 on for bootable \n-000071c0: 4344 2075 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6675 CD using BIOS.fu\n-000071d0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nctions.....File\n-000071e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000071f0: 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 de: Device map, \n-00007200: 204e 6578 743a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 Next: BIOS inst\n-00007210: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a allation, Prev:\n-00007220: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n-00007230: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 ootable CD-ROM, \n-00007240: 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f Up: Installatio\n-00007250: 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 n..4.3 The map b\n-00007260: 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 etween BIOS driv\n-00007270: 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 es and OS device\n-00007280: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n+00006a80: 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 UB supports the \n+00006a90: e280 9c6e 6f20 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 ...no emulation \n+00006aa0: 6d6f 6465 e280 9d20 696e 2074 6865 2045 mode... in the E\n+00006ab0: 6c20 546f 7269 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 l Torito specifi\n+00006ac0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 cation(1).(*note\n+00006ad0: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n+00006ae0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 ootable CD-ROM-F\n+00006af0: 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 ootnote-1::). T\n+00006b00: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2079 his means that y\n+00006b10: 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 ou.can use the w\n+00006b20: 686f 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d hole CD-ROM from\n+00006b30: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 796f 7520 646f GRUB and you do\n+00006b40: 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 n't have to make\n+00006b50: 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 790a 6f72 2068 6172 a floppy.or har\n+00006b60: 6420 6469 736b 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c d disk image fil\n+00006b70: 652c 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2063 6175 e, which can cau\n+00006b80: 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 se compatibility\n+00006b90: 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 problems... F\n+00006ba0: 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 or booting from \n+00006bb0: 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 4752 5542 2075 a CD-ROM, GRUB u\n+00006bc0: 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 696d ses a special im\n+00006bd0: 6167 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 age called....cd\n+00006be0: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 2077 6869 boot.img..., whi\n+00006bf0: 6368 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 ch is concatenat\n+00006c00: 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e ed with ...core.\n+00006c10: 696d 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 img.... The ...\n+00006c20: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 7573 6564 core.img....used\n+00006c30: 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 for this should\n+00006c40: 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 be built with a\n+00006c50: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 e280 9869 t least the ...i\n+00006c60: 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 so9660... and ..\n+00006c70: 9862 696f 7364 6973 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 .biosdisk....mod\n+00006c80: 756c 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 ules. Your boot\n+00006c90: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c able CD-ROM will\n+00006ca0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 usually also ne\n+00006cb0: 6564 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 610a ed to include a.\n+00006cc0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00006cd0: 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 le ...grub.cfg..\n+00006ce0: 9920 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 . and some other\n+00006cf0: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a GRUB modules...\n+00006d00: 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d To make a sim\n+00006d10: 706c 6520 6765 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 ple generic GRUB\n+00006d20: 2072 6573 6375 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 rescue CD, you \n+00006d30: 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 650a e280 9867 can use the....g\n+00006d40: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 rub-mkrescue... \n+00006d50: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 program (*note I\n+00006d60: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00006d70: 6573 6375 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 escue::):.. \n+00006d80: 2420 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 $ grub-mkrescue \n+00006d90: 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 -o grub.iso.. \n+00006da0: 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e You will often n\n+00006db0: 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f eed to include o\n+00006dc0: 7468 6572 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f ther files in yo\n+00006dd0: 7572 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f ur image. To do\n+00006de0: 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b .this, first mak\n+00006df0: 6520 6120 746f 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 e a top director\n+00006e00: 7920 666f 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 y for the bootab\n+00006e10: 6c65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 le image, say, .\n+00006e20: 8098 6973 6fe2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ..iso...:.. \n+00006e30: 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 $ mkdir iso.. \n+00006e40: 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 Make a directory\n+00006e50: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 for GRUB:.. \n+00006e60: 2024 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6973 6f2f $ mkdir -p iso/\n+00006e70: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 4966 boot/grub.. If\n+00006e80: 2064 6573 6972 6564 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 desired, make t\n+00006e90: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 he config file .\n+00006ea0: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 756e ..grub.cfg... un\n+00006eb0: 6465 7220 e280 9869 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f der ...iso/boot/\n+00006ec0: 6772 7562 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 grub....(*note C\n+00006ed0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c onfiguration::),\n+00006ee0: 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 and copy any fi\n+00006ef0: 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 les and director\n+00006f00: 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 ies for the disc\n+00006f10: 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 .to the director\n+00006f20: 7920 e280 9869 736f 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 y ...iso/...... \n+00006f30: 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 Finally, make \n+00006f40: 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 the image:.. \n+00006f50: 2024 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 $ grub-mkrescue\n+00006f60: 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f -o grub.iso iso\n+00006f70: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 .. This produc\n+00006f80: 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 es a file named \n+00006f90: e280 9867 7275 622e 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 ...grub.iso..., \n+00006fa0: 7768 6963 6820 7468 656e 2063 616e 2062 which then can b\n+00006fb0: 6520 6275 726e 6564 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 e burned into.a \n+00006fc0: 4344 2028 6f72 2061 2044 5644 292c 206f CD (or a DVD), o\n+00006fd0: 7220 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 2055 r written to a U\n+00006fe0: 5342 206d 6173 7320 7374 6f72 6167 6520 SB mass storage \n+00006ff0: 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 device... The \n+00007000: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 6c6c root device will\n+00007010: 2062 6520 7365 7420 7570 2061 7070 726f be set up appro\n+00007020: 7072 6961 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 656e 7465 priately on ente\n+00007030: 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 720a e280 9867 7275 ring your....gru\n+00007040: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 b.cfg... configu\n+00007050: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2073 6f20 ration file, so \n+00007060: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6665 7220 746f you can refer to\n+00007070: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 file names on t\n+00007080: 6865 2043 440a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 he CD.without ne\n+00007090: 6564 696e 6720 746f 2075 7365 2061 6e20 eding to use an \n+000070a0: 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 6963 6520 explicit device \n+000070b0: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 name. This make\n+000070c0: 7320 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a70 s it easier to.p\n+000070d0: 726f 6475 6365 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d roduce rescue im\n+000070e0: 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 ages that will w\n+000070f0: 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 ork on both opti\n+00007100: 6361 6c20 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2055 cal drives and U\n+00007110: 5342 206d 6173 730a 7374 6f72 6167 6520 SB mass.storage \n+00007120: 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 devices.....File\n+00007130: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00007140: 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 de: Making a GRU\n+00007150: 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f B bootable CD-RO\n+00007160: 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 M-Footnotes, Up\n+00007170: 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 : Making a GRUB \n+00007180: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d0a bootable CD-ROM.\n+00007190: 0a20 2020 2831 2920 456c 2054 6f72 6974 . (1) El Torit\n+000071a0: 6f20 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 o is a specifica\n+000071b0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7461 626c tion for bootabl\n+000071c0: 6520 4344 2075 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a e CD using BIOS.\n+000071d0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 functions.....Fi\n+000071e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000071f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 Node: Device map\n+00007200: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 494f 5320 696e , Next: BIOS in\n+00007210: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 stallation, Pre\n+00007220: 763a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 v: Making a GRUB\n+00007230: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n+00007240: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 , Up: Installat\n+00007250: 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 206d 6170 ion..4.3 The map\n+00007260: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 between BIOS dr\n+00007270: 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 ives and OS devi\n+00007280: 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ces.============\n 00007290: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000072b0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 ..If the device \n-000072c0: 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 2065 7869 7374 732c map file exists,\n-000072d0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 the GRUB utilit\n-000072e0: 6965 7320 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f ies (...grub-pro\n-000072f0: 6265 e280 992c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 be..., etc.).rea\n-00007300: 6420 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 d it to map BIOS\n-00007310: 2064 7269 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 6465 drives to OS de\n-00007320: 7669 6365 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 696c vices. This fil\n-00007330: 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 6c69 e consists of li\n-00007340: 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a nes.like this:..\n-00007350: 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 4649 (DEVICE) FI\n-00007360: 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 LE.. DEVICE is\n-00007370: 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 a drive specifi\n-00007380: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 ed in the GRUB s\n-00007390: 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 yntax (*note Dev\n-000073a0: 6963 650a 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 ice.syntax::), a\n-000073b0: 6e64 2046 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 nd FILE is an OS\n-000073c0: 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 file, which is \n-000073d0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 6963 normally a devic\n-000073e0: 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 e file... Hist\n-000073f0: 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6465 orically, the de\n-00007400: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 7761 vice map file wa\n-00007410: 7320 7573 6564 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 s used because G\n-00007420: 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 RUB device names\n-00007430: 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 .had to be used \n-00007440: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 in the configura\n-00007450: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 2074 tion file, and t\n-00007460: 6865 7920 7765 7265 2064 6572 6976 6564 hey were derived\n-00007470: 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 from.BIOS drive\n-00007480: 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e20 2054 6865 206d numbers. The m\n-00007490: 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 ap between BIOS \n-000074a0: 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 drives and OS de\n-000074b0: 7669 6365 7320 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a61 6c77 vices cannot.alw\n-000074c0: 6179 7320 6265 2067 7565 7373 6564 2063 ays be guessed c\n-000074d0: 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 6578 orrectly: for ex\n-000074e0: 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c ample, GRUB will\n-000074f0: 2067 6574 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 2077 get the order w\n-00007500: 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6578 6368 rong.if you exch\n-00007510: 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 ange the boot se\n-00007520: 7175 656e 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e 2049 quence between I\n-00007530: 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 4920 696e 2079 DE and SCSI in y\n-00007540: 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 556e our BIOS... Un\n-00007550: 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 7665 fortunately, eve\n-00007560: 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 n OS device name\n-00007570: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 7973 s are not always\n-00007580: 2073 7461 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 726e stable. Modern\n-00007590: 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 .versions of the\n-000075a0: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 Linux kernel ma\n-000075b0: 7920 7072 6f62 6520 6472 6976 6573 2069 y probe drives i\n-000075c0: 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6f72 n a different or\n-000075d0: 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 6f6f 7420 746f der from.boot to\n-000075e0: 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 boot, and the p\n-000075f0: 7265 6669 7820 28e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 refix (.../dev/h\n-00007600: 642a e280 9920 7665 7273 7573 20e2 8098 d*... versus ...\n-00007610: 2f64 6576 2f73 642a e280 9929 206d 6179 /dev/sd*...) may\n-00007620: 2063 6861 6e67 650a 6465 7065 6e64 696e change.dependin\n-00007630: 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 7220 g on the driver \n-00007640: 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2075 7365 subsystem in use\n-00007650: 2e20 2041 7320 6120 7265 7375 6c74 2c20 . As a result, \n-00007660: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 0a66 the device map.f\n-00007670: 696c 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2066 7265 ile required fre\n-00007680: 7175 656e 7420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f6e quent editing on\n-00007690: 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a some systems...\n-000076a0: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6176 6f69 6473 2074 GRUB avoids t\n-000076b0: 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 his problem nowa\n-000076c0: 6461 7973 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 5555 days by using UU\n-000076d0: 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 IDs or file syst\n-000076e0: 656d 0a6c 6162 656c 7320 7768 656e 2067 em.labels when g\n-000076f0: 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 enerating ...gru\n-00007700: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7765 b.cfg..., and we\n-00007710: 2061 6476 6973 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 advise that you\n-00007720: 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a66 6f72 do the same.for\n-00007730: 2061 6e79 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 any custom menu\n-00007740: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2079 6f75 2077 7269 entries you wri\n-00007750: 7465 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6465 7669 te. If the devi\n-00007760: 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 646f 6573 ce map file does\n-00007770: 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 7374 2c20 7468 656e not.exist, then\n-00007780: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 the GRUB utilit\n-00007790: 6965 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7373 756d 6520 ies will assume \n-000077a0: 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 7920 6465 7669 a temporary devi\n-000077b0: 6365 206d 6170 206f 6e20 7468 650a 666c ce map on the.fl\n-000077c0: 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6f66 7465 y. This is ofte\n-000077d0: 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 6e6f 7567 682c 2070 n good enough, p\n-000077e0: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 696e 2074 articularly in t\n-000077f0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 6361 7365 206f he common case o\n-00007800: 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 f.single-disk sy\n-00007810: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 stems... Howev\n-00007820: 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d er, the device m\n-00007830: 6170 2066 696c 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2065 ap file is not e\n-00007840: 6e74 6972 656c 7920 6f62 736f 6c65 7465 ntirely obsolete\n-00007850: 2079 6574 2c20 616e 6420 6974 2069 730a yet, and it is.\n-00007860: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 206f 7665 7272 6964 used for overrid\n-00007870: 696e 6720 7768 656e 2063 7572 7265 6e74 ing when current\n-00007880: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 environment is \n-00007890: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 different from t\n-000078a0: 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f 6e20 626f 6f74 2e20 he one.on boot. \n-000078b0: 204d 6f73 7420 636f 6d6d 6f6e 2063 6173 Most common cas\n-000078c0: 6520 6973 2069 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 e is if you use \n-000078d0: 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 206c a partition or l\n-000078e0: 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 6173 ogical volume.as\n-000078f0: 2061 2064 6973 6b20 666f 7220 7669 7274 a disk for virt\n-00007900: 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 652e 2020 596f ual machine. Yo\n-00007910: 7520 6361 6e20 7075 7420 616e 7920 636f u can put any co\n-00007920: 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 mments in the fi\n-00007930: 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 6173 le if.needed, as\n-00007940: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 the GRUB utilit\n-00007950: 6965 7320 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 ies assume that \n-00007960: 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 a line is just a\n-00007970: 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 660a 7468 6520 comment if.the \n-00007980: 6669 7273 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 first character \n-00007990: 6973 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 is ...#........F\n-000079a0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000079b0: 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 Node: BIOS inst\n-000079c0: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a allation, Prev:\n-000079d0: 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5570 Device map, Up\n-000079e0: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 0a0a : Installation..\n-000079f0: 342e 3420 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 4.4 BIOS install\n-00007a00: 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ation.==========\n-00007a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d 4252 ===========..MBR\n-00007a20: 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 .===..The partit\n-00007a30: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 ion table format\n-00007a40: 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2075 traditionally u\n-00007a50: 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 sed on PC BIOS p\n-00007a60: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 730a 6361 6c6c latforms is.call\n-00007a70: 6564 2074 6865 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f ed the Master Bo\n-00007a80: 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 ot Record (MBR) \n-00007a90: 666f 726d 6174 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 format; this is \n-00007aa0: 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 6861 740a the format that.\n-00007ab0: 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 746f 2066 6f75 allows up to fou\n-00007ac0: 7220 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 7274 6974 r primary partit\n-00007ad0: 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 6464 6974 696f ions and additio\n-00007ae0: 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 7061 7274 nal logical part\n-00007af0: 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 6869 itions..With thi\n-00007b00: 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c s partition tabl\n-00007b10: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7468 6572 6520 e format, there \n-00007b20: 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 are two ways to \n-00007b30: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 6974 install GRUB: it\n-00007b40: 0a63 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 .can be embedded\n-00007b50: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6172 6561 2062 6574 in the area bet\n-00007b60: 7765 656e 2074 6865 204d 4252 2061 6e64 ween the MBR and\n-00007b70: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 the first parti\n-00007b80: 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 tion.(called by \n-00007b90: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 various names, s\n-00007ba0: 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2022 626f 6f74 uch as the \"boot\n-00007bb0: 2074 7261 636b 222c 2022 4d42 5220 6761 track\", \"MBR ga\n-00007bc0: 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 6464 696e p\", or.\"embeddin\n-00007bd0: 6720 6172 6561 222c 2061 6e64 2077 6869 g area\", and whi\n-00007be0: 6368 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6174 ch is usually at\n-00007bf0: 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 4229 least 1000 KiB)\n-00007c00: 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d , or the core.im\n-00007c10: 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 7461 age can be insta\n-00007c20: 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 2073 lled in a file s\n-00007c30: 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 6120 6c69 7374 ystem and a list\n-00007c40: 206f 6620 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2074 of the blocks t\n-00007c50: 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 7570 2063 hat.make it up c\n-00007c60: 616e 2062 6520 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 an be stored in \n-00007c70: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 the first sector\n-00007c80: 206f 6620 7468 6174 2070 6172 7469 7469 of that partiti\n-00007c90: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2074 on... Modern t\n-00007ca0: 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6561 ools usually lea\n-00007cb0: 7665 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 ve MBR gap of at\n-00007cc0: 206c 6561 7374 2031 3032 3320 4b69 422e least 1023 KiB.\n-00007cd0: 2054 6869 7320 616d 6f75 6e74 0a69 7320 This amount.is \n-00007ce0: 7375 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2074 6f20 636f sufficient to co\n-00007cf0: 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ver most configu\n-00007d00: 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 rations. Hence \n-00007d10: 7468 6973 2076 616c 7565 2069 730a 7265 this value is.re\n-00007d20: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 commended by the\n-00007d30: 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2e0a 0a20 2020 GRUB team... \n-00007d40: 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 206d 616e Historically man\n-00007d50: 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 6674 206f 6e6c y tools left onl\n-00007d60: 7920 3331 204b 6942 206f 6620 7370 6163 y 31 KiB of spac\n-00007d70: 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a e. This is not.\n-00007d80: 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 7061 7273 6520 enough to parse \n-00007d90: 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 6966 6669 6375 reliably difficu\n-00007da0: 6c74 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 6c69 lt structures li\n-00007db0: 6b65 2042 7472 6673 2c20 5a46 532c 2052 ke Btrfs, ZFS, R\n-00007dc0: 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 2074 AID or.LVM, or t\n-00007dd0: 6f20 7573 6520 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 o use difficult \n-00007de0: 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d65 7468 disk access meth\n-00007df0: 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 6863 692e 2020 ods like ahci. \n-00007e00: 4865 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a Hence GRUB will.\n-00007e10: 7761 726e 2069 6620 6174 7465 6d70 7465 warn if attempte\n-00007e20: 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 6e74 d to install int\n-00007e30: 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 5220 6761 7020 o small MBR gap \n-00007e40: 6578 6365 7074 2069 6e20 6120 736d 616c except in a smal\n-00007e50: 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f 6620 636f 6e66 l number.of conf\n-00007e60: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 igurations that \n-00007e70: 7765 7265 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 6572 were grandfather\n-00007e80: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2067 7261 6e64 6661 ed. 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HFS+, I\n-00007fc0: 534f 3936 3630 2c20 4a46 532c 204d 696e SO9660, JFS, Min\n-00007fd0: 6978 2c20 4d69 6e69 7832 2c20 4d69 6e69 ix, Minix2, Mini\n-00007fe0: 7833 2c20 4e49 4c46 5332 2c20 4e54 4653 x3, NILFS2, NTFS\n-00007ff0: 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 , ReiserFS,. \n-00008000: 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 5346 532c 2074 6172 ROMFS, SFS, tar\n-00008010: 2c20 5544 462c 2055 4653 312c 2055 4653 , UDF, UFS1, UFS\n-00008020: 322c 2058 4653 0a0a 2020 204d 4252 2067 2, XFS.. MBR g\n-00008030: 6170 2068 6173 2066 6577 2074 6563 686e ap has few techn\n-00008040: 6963 616c 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 2020 ical problems. \n-00008050: 5468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7761 7920 There is no way \n-00008060: 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 2073 7061 6365 to reserve space\n-00008070: 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 696e .in the embeddin\n-00008080: 6720 6172 6561 2077 6974 6820 636f 6d70 g area with comp\n-00008090: 6c65 7465 2073 6166 6574 792c 2061 6e64 lete safety, and\n-000080a0: 2073 6f6d 6520 7072 6f70 7269 6574 6172 some proprietar\n-000080b0: 790a 736f 6674 7761 7265 2069 7320 6b6e y.software is kn\n-000080c0: 6f77 6e20 746f 2075 7365 2069 7420 746f own to use it to\n-000080d0: 206d 616b 6520 6974 2064 6966 6669 6375 make it difficu\n-000080e0: 6c74 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7273 2074 6f20 lt for users to \n-000080f0: 776f 726b 0a61 726f 756e 6420 6c69 6365 work.around lice\n-00008100: 6e73 696e 6720 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f nsing restrictio\n-00008110: 6e73 2e20 2047 5255 4220 776f 726b 7320 ns. GRUB works \n-00008120: 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7420 6279 2064 6574 around it by det\n-00008130: 6563 7469 6e67 0a73 6563 746f 7273 2062 ecting.sectors b\n-00008140: 7920 6f74 6865 7220 736f 6674 7761 7265 y other software\n-00008150: 2061 6e64 2061 766f 6964 696e 6720 7468 and avoiding th\n-00008160: 656d 2061 6e64 2070 726f 7465 6374 696e em and protectin\n-00008170: 6720 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 7365 6374 6f72 g its own.sector\n-00008180: 7320 7573 696e 6720 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c s using Reed-Sol\n-00008190: 6f6d 6f6e 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 672e 0a0a omon encoding...\n-000081a0: 2020 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2072 6563 GRUB team rec\n-000081b0: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 7320 6861 7669 6e67 204d ommends having M\n-000081c0: 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 BR gap of at lea\n-000081d0: 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 422e 0a0a 2020 st 1000 KiB... \n-000081e0: 2053 686f 756c 6420 6974 206e 6f74 2062 Should it not b\n-000081f0: 6520 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 e possible, GRUB\n-00008200: 2068 6173 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 has support for\n-00008210: 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 736f 6c75 a fallback solu\n-00008220: 7469 6f6e 0a77 6869 6368 2069 7320 6865 tion.which is he\n-00008230: 6176 696c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 avily recommende\n-00008240: 6420 6167 6169 6e73 742e 2020 496e 7374 d against. Inst\n-00008250: 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 alling to a file\n-00008260: 7379 7374 656d 206d 6561 6e73 0a74 6861 system means.tha\n-00008270: 7420 4752 5542 2069 7320 7675 6c6e 6572 t GRUB is vulner\n-00008280: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6974 7320 626c 6f63 able to its bloc\n-00008290: 6b73 2062 6569 6e67 206d 6f76 6564 2061 ks being moved a\n-000082a0: 726f 756e 6420 6279 2066 696c 6573 7973 round by filesys\n-000082b0: 7465 6d0a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2073 7563 tem.features suc\n-000082c0: 6820 6173 2074 6169 6c20 7061 636b 696e h as tail packin\n-000082d0: 672c 206f 7220 6576 656e 2062 7920 6167 g, or even by ag\n-000082e0: 6772 6573 7369 7665 2066 7363 6b0a 696d gressive fsck.im\n-000082f0: 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 plementations, s\n-00008300: 6f20 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 o this approach \n-00008310: 6973 2071 7569 7465 2066 7261 6769 6c65 is quite fragile\n-00008320: 3b20 616e 6420 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f ; and this appro\n-00008330: 6163 680a 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 ach.can only be \n-00008340: 7573 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f used if the .../\n-00008350: 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 boot... filesyst\n-00008360: 656d 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d em is on the sam\n-00008370: 6520 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a e disk that the.\n-00008380: 4249 4f53 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2c BIOS boots from,\n-00008390: 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f so that GRUB do\n-000083a0: 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 746f 2072 es not have to r\n-000083b0: 656c 7920 6f6e 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 ely on guessing \n-000083c0: 4249 4f53 0a64 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 BIOS.drive numbe\n-000083d0: 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4752 5542 rs... The GRUB\n-000083e0: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 6561 development tea\n-000083f0: 6d20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7265 636f m generally reco\n-00008400: 6d6d 656e 6473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 mmends embedding\n-00008410: 2047 5255 4220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 GRUB before.the\n-00008420: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n-00008430: 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 2068 6176 , unless you hav\n-00008440: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7265 7175 6972 e special requir\n-00008450: 656d 656e 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 ements. You mus\n-00008460: 740a 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 t.ensure that th\n-00008470: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f e first partitio\n-00008480: 6e20 7374 6172 7473 2061 7420 6c65 6173 n starts at leas\n-00008490: 7420 3130 3030 204b 6942 2028 3230 3030 t 1000 KiB (2000\n-000084a0: 2073 6563 746f 7273 290a 6672 6f6d 2074 sectors).from t\n-000084b0: 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 he start of the \n-000084c0: 6469 736b 3b20 6f6e 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 disk; on modern \n-000084d0: 6469 736b 732c 2069 7420 6973 206f 6674 disks, it is oft\n-000084e0: 656e 2061 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 en a performance\n-000084f0: 0a61 6476 616e 7461 6765 2074 6f20 616c .advantage to al\n-00008500: 6967 6e20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f ign partitions o\n-00008510: 6e20 6c61 7267 6572 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 n larger boundar\n-00008520: 6965 7320 616e 7977 6179 2c20 736f 2074 ies anyway, so t\n-00008530: 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 7469 he first.partiti\n-00008540: 6f6e 206d 6967 6874 2073 7461 7274 2031 on might start 1\n-00008550: 204d 6942 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7374 MiB from the st\n-00008560: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2e art of the disk.\n-00008570: 0a0a 4750 540a 3d3d 3d0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 ..GPT.===..Some \n-00008580: 6e65 7765 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 7573 newer systems us\n-00008590: 6520 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 e the GUID Parti\n-000085a0: 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 tion Table (GPT)\n-000085b0: 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 5468 6973 2077 format. This w\n-000085c0: 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 as.specified as \n-000085d0: 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 4578 7465 part of the Exte\n-000085e0: 6e73 6962 6c65 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 nsible Firmware \n-000085f0: 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 2845 4649 292c Interface (EFI),\n-00008600: 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e0a 616c 736f but it can.also\n-00008610: 2062 6520 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 be used on BIOS\n-00008620: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 7379 platforms if sy\n-00008630: 7374 656d 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7375 stem software su\n-00008640: 7070 6f72 7473 2069 743b 2066 6f72 0a65 pports it; for.e\n-00008650: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2061 6e64 xample, GRUB and\n-00008660: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2063 616e 2062 GNU/Linux can b\n-00008670: 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2063 e used in this c\n-00008680: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2057 onfiguration. W\n-00008690: 6974 680a 7468 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 742c ith.this format,\n-000086a0: 2069 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 it is possible \n-000086b0: 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 2061 2077 686f to reserve a who\n-000086c0: 6c65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 le partition for\n-000086d0: 2047 5255 422c 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 GRUB,.called th\n-000086e0: 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 e BIOS Boot Part\n-000086f0: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e ition. GRUB can\n-00008700: 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 then be embedde\n-00008710: 6420 696e 746f 2074 6861 740a 7061 7274 d into that.part\n-00008720: 6974 696f 6e20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 ition without th\n-00008730: 6520 7269 736b 206f 6620 6265 696e 6720 e risk of being \n-00008740: 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6279 206f overwritten by o\n-00008750: 7468 6572 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e ther software an\n-00008760: 640a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6265 696e 6720 d.without being \n-00008770: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2061 2066 contained in a f\n-00008780: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7768 6963 6820 ilesystem which \n-00008790: 6d69 6768 7420 6d6f 7665 2069 7473 2062 might move its b\n-000087a0: 6c6f 636b 730a 6172 6f75 6e64 2e0a 0a20 locks.around... \n-000087b0: 2020 5768 656e 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 When creating \n-000087c0: 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 a BIOS Boot Part\n-000087d0: 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 2073 ition on a GPT s\n-000087e0: 7973 7465 6d2c 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c ystem, you shoul\n-000087f0: 6420 6d61 6b65 0a73 7572 6520 7468 6174 d make.sure that\n-00008800: 2069 7420 6973 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 it is at least \n-00008810: 3331 204b 6942 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 31 KiB in size. \n-00008820: 2028 4750 542d 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 (GPT-formatted \n-00008830: 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 7573 disks are not.us\n-00008840: 7561 6c6c 7920 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 ually particular\n-00008850: 6c79 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 6520 ly small, so we \n-00008860: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 recommend that y\n-00008870: 6f75 206d 616b 6520 6974 206c 6172 6765 ou make it large\n-00008880: 7220 7468 616e 0a74 6865 2062 6172 6520 r than.the bare \n-00008890: 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 minimum, such as\n-000088a0: 2031 204d 6942 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 1 MiB, to allow\n-000088b0: 2070 6c65 6e74 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f 6d20 plenty of room \n-000088c0: 666f 7220 6772 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 6f75 for growth.).You\n-000088d0: 206d 7573 7420 616c 736f 206d 616b 6520 must also make \n-000088e0: 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 6974 2068 6173 sure that it has\n-000088f0: 2074 6865 2070 726f 7065 7220 7061 7274 the proper part\n-00008900: 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2e20 2055 7369 ition type. Usi\n-00008910: 6e67 0a47 4e55 2050 6172 7465 642c 2079 ng.GNU Parted, y\n-00008920: 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 ou can set this \n-00008930: 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 using a command \n-00008940: 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c such as the foll\n-00008950: 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2070 owing:.. # p\n-00008960: 6172 7465 6420 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 4b20 arted /dev/DISK \n-00008970: 7365 7420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e2d 4e55 set PARTITION-NU\n-00008980: 4d42 4552 2062 696f 735f 6772 7562 206f MBER bios_grub o\n-00008990: 6e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 n.. If you are\n-000089a0: 2075 7369 6e67 2067 6469 736b 2c20 7365 using gdisk, se\n-000089b0: 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 t the partition \n-000089c0: 7479 7065 2074 6f20 e280 9830 7845 4630 type to ...0xEF0\n-000089d0: 32e2 8099 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7061 7274 2.... With.part\n-000089e0: 6974 696f 6e69 6e67 2070 726f 6772 616d itioning program\n-000089f0: 7320 7468 6174 2072 6571 7569 7265 2073 s that require s\n-00008a00: 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 etting the GUID \n-00008a10: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 686f directly, it sho\n-00008a20: 756c 640a 6265 20e2 8098 3231 3638 3631 uld.be ...216861\n-00008a30: 3438 2d36 3434 392d 3665 3666 2d37 3434 48-6449-6e6f-744\n-00008a40: 6536 3536 3536 3434 3534 3634 39e2 8099 e656564454649...\n-00008a50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a ... *Caution:*\n-00008a60: 2042 6520 7665 7279 2063 6172 6566 756c Be very careful\n-00008a70: 2077 6869 6368 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e which partition\n-00008a80: 2079 6f75 2073 656c 6563 7421 2020 5768 you select! Wh\n-00008a90: 656e 2047 5255 420a 6669 6e64 7320 6120 en GRUB.finds a \n-00008aa0: 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 BIOS Boot Partit\n-00008ab0: 696f 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 7461 ion during insta\n-00008ac0: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c llation, it will\n-00008ad0: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 0a6f automatically.o\n-00008ae0: 7665 7277 7269 7465 2070 6172 7420 6f66 verwrite part of\n-00008af0: 2069 742e 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 it. Make sure \n-00008b00: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 that the partiti\n-00008b10: 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 on does not cont\n-00008b20: 6169 6e20 616e 790a 6f74 6865 7220 6461 ain any.other da\n-00008b30: 7461 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ta.....File: gru\n-00008b40: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 b.info, Node: B\n-00008b50: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 ooting, Next: C\n-00008b60: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 onfiguration, P\n-00008b70: 7265 763a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f rev: Installatio\n-00008b80: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 2042 n, Up: Top..5 B\n-00008b90: 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ooting.*********\n-00008ba0: 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 ..GRUB can load \n-00008bb0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 Multiboot-compli\n-00008bc0: 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2061 ant kernels in a\n-00008bd0: 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 7420 7761 792c consistent way,\n-00008be0: 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 6672 but for.some fr\n-00008bf0: 6565 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ee operating sys\n-00008c00: 7465 6d73 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f tems you need to\n-00008c10: 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 7065 use some OS-spe\n-00008c20: 6369 6669 6320 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a 2a20 cific magic...* \n-00008c30: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 616c Menu:..* General\n-00008c40: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 733a 3a20 boot methods:: \n-00008c50: 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f How to bo\n-00008c60: 6f74 204f 5365 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 ot OSes with GRU\n-00008c70: 4220 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 4c6f B generally.* Lo\n-00008c80: 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a opback booting::\n-00008c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 Note\n-00008ca0: 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f s on booting fro\n-00008cb0: 6d20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 730a 2a20 4c56 m loopbacks.* LV\n-00008cc0: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 673a M cache booting:\n-00008cd0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 : Note\n-00008ce0: 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f s on booting fro\n-00008cf0: 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 m LVM cache logi\n-00008d00: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f 532d cal volume.* OS-\n-00008d10: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 3a3a specific notes::\n-00008d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 Notes\n-00008d30: 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 on some operati\n-00008d40: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ng systems....Fi\n-00008d50: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00008d60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f Node: General bo\n-00008d70: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 204e 6578 ot methods, Nex\n-00008d80: 743a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 t: Loopback boot\n-00008d90: 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e ing, Up: Bootin\n-00008da0: 670a 0a35 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f g..5.1 How to bo\n-00008db0: 6f74 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ot operating sys\n-00008dc0: 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tems.===========\n+000072b0: 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 ==..If the devic\n+000072c0: 6520 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 2065 7869 7374 e map file exist\n+000072d0: 732c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c s, the GRUB util\n+000072e0: 6974 6965 7320 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 ities (...grub-p\n+000072f0: 726f 6265 e280 992c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 robe..., etc.).r\n+00007300: 6561 6420 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 ead it to map BI\n+00007310: 4f53 2064 7269 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 OS drives to OS \n+00007320: 6465 7669 6365 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 devices. This f\n+00007330: 696c 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 ile consists of \n+00007340: 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a lines.like this:\n+00007350: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 .. (DEVICE) \n+00007360: 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 FILE.. DEVICE \n+00007370: 6973 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 is a drive speci\n+00007380: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 fied in the GRUB\n+00007390: 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 syntax (*note D\n+000073a0: 6576 6963 650a 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c evice.syntax::),\n+000073b0: 2061 6e64 2046 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 and FILE is an \n+000073c0: 4f53 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 OS file, which i\n+000073d0: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 s normally a dev\n+000073e0: 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 ice file... Hi\n+000073f0: 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 storically, the \n+00007400: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 device map file \n+00007410: 7761 7320 7573 6564 2062 6563 6175 7365 was used because\n+00007420: 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d GRUB device nam\n+00007430: 6573 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 es.had to be use\n+00007440: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 d in the configu\n+00007450: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 ration file, and\n+00007460: 2074 6865 7920 7765 7265 2064 6572 6976 they were deriv\n+00007470: 6564 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 7269 ed from.BIOS dri\n+00007480: 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e20 2054 6865 ve numbers. The\n+00007490: 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f map between BIO\n+000074a0: 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 S drives and OS \n+000074b0: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a61 devices cannot.a\n+000074c0: 6c77 6179 7320 6265 2067 7565 7373 6564 lways be guessed\n+000074d0: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 correctly: for \n+000074e0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 4220 7769 example, GRUB wi\n+000074f0: 6c6c 2067 6574 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 ll get the order\n+00007500: 2077 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6578 wrong.if you ex\n+00007510: 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 change the boot \n+00007520: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e sequence between\n+00007530: 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 4920 696e IDE and SCSI in\n+00007540: 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 your BIOS... \n+00007550: 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 Unfortunately, e\n+00007560: 7665 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 ven OS device na\n+00007570: 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 mes are not alwa\n+00007580: 7973 2073 7461 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 ys stable. Mode\n+00007590: 726e 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 rn.versions of t\n+000075a0: 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 he Linux kernel \n+000075b0: 6d61 7920 7072 6f62 6520 6472 6976 6573 may probe drives\n+000075c0: 2069 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 in a different \n+000075d0: 6f72 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 6f6f 7420 order from.boot \n+000075e0: 746f 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 to boot, and the\n+000075f0: 2070 7265 6669 7820 28e2 8098 2f64 6576 prefix (.../dev\n+00007600: 2f68 642a e280 9920 7665 7273 7573 20e2 /hd*... versus .\n+00007610: 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 642a e280 9929 206d ../dev/sd*...) m\n+00007620: 6179 2063 6861 6e67 650a 6465 7065 6e64 ay change.depend\n+00007630: 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 ing on the drive\n+00007640: 7220 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2075 r subsystem in u\n+00007650: 7365 2e20 2041 7320 6120 7265 7375 6c74 se. As a result\n+00007660: 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 , the device map\n+00007670: 0a66 696c 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2066 .file required f\n+00007680: 7265 7175 656e 7420 6564 6974 696e 6720 requent editing \n+00007690: 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e on some systems.\n+000076a0: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 6176 6f69 6473 .. GRUB avoids\n+000076b0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f this problem no\n+000076c0: 7761 6461 7973 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 wadays by using \n+000076d0: 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 UUIDs or file sy\n+000076e0: 7374 656d 0a6c 6162 656c 7320 7768 656e stem.labels when\n+000076f0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 e280 9867 generating ...g\n+00007700: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 rub.cfg..., and \n+00007710: 7765 2061 6476 6973 6520 7468 6174 2079 we advise that y\n+00007720: 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a66 ou do the same.f\n+00007730: 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 or any custom me\n+00007740: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2079 6f75 2077 nu entries you w\n+00007750: 7269 7465 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6465 rite. If the de\n+00007760: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 646f vice map file do\n+00007770: 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 7374 2c20 7468 es not.exist, th\n+00007780: 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c en the GRUB util\n+00007790: 6974 6965 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7373 756d ities will assum\n+000077a0: 6520 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 7920 6465 e a temporary de\n+000077b0: 7669 6365 206d 6170 206f 6e20 7468 650a vice map on the.\n+000077c0: 666c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6f66 fly. This is of\n+000077d0: 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 6e6f 7567 682c ten good enough,\n+000077e0: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 696e particularly in\n+000077f0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 6361 7365 the common case\n+00007800: 206f 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 of.single-disk \n+00007810: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 systems... How\n+00007820: 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 ever, the device\n+00007830: 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 6973 206e 6f74 map file is not\n+00007840: 2065 6e74 6972 656c 7920 6f62 736f 6c65 entirely obsole\n+00007850: 7465 2079 6574 2c20 616e 6420 6974 2069 te yet, and it i\n+00007860: 730a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 206f 7665 7272 s.used for overr\n+00007870: 6964 696e 6720 7768 656e 2063 7572 7265 iding when curre\n+00007880: 6e74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2069 nt environment i\n+00007890: 7320 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6672 6f6d s different from\n+000078a0: 2074 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f 6e20 626f 6f74 the one.on boot\n+000078b0: 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 636f 6d6d 6f6e 2063 . Most common c\n+000078c0: 6173 6520 6973 2069 6620 796f 7520 7573 ase is if you us\n+000078d0: 6520 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 e a partition or\n+000078e0: 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 650a logical volume.\n+000078f0: 6173 2061 2064 6973 6b20 666f 7220 7669 as a disk for vi\n+00007900: 7274 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 652e 2020 rtual machine. \n+00007910: 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7075 7420 616e 7920 You can put any \n+00007920: 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 comments in the \n+00007930: 6669 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 file if.needed, \n+00007940: 6173 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c as the GRUB util\n+00007950: 6974 6965 7320 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 ities assume tha\n+00007960: 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 6a75 7374 t a line is just\n+00007970: 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 660a 7468 a comment if.th\n+00007980: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 e first characte\n+00007990: 7220 6973 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f r is ...#.......\n+000079a0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000079b0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e , Node: BIOS in\n+000079c0: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 stallation, Pre\n+000079d0: 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 v: Device map, \n+000079e0: 5570 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e Up: Installation\n+000079f0: 0a0a 342e 3420 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 ..4.4 BIOS insta\n+00007a00: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d llation.========\n+00007a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d =============..M\n+00007a20: 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 7274 BR.===..The part\n+00007a30: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d ition table form\n+00007a40: 6174 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 at traditionally\n+00007a50: 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 used on PC BIOS\n+00007a60: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 730a 6361 platforms is.ca\n+00007a70: 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 204d 6173 7465 7220 lled the Master \n+00007a80: 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 Boot Record (MBR\n+00007a90: 2920 666f 726d 6174 3b20 7468 6973 2069 ) format; this i\n+00007aa0: 7320 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 6861 s the format tha\n+00007ab0: 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 746f 2066 t.allows up to f\n+00007ac0: 6f75 7220 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 7274 our primary part\n+00007ad0: 6974 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 6464 6974 itions and addit\n+00007ae0: 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 7061 ional logical pa\n+00007af0: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 rtitions..With t\n+00007b00: 6869 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 his partition ta\n+00007b10: 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7468 6572 ble format, ther\n+00007b20: 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 e are two ways t\n+00007b30: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 o install GRUB: \n+00007b40: 6974 0a63 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 it.can be embedd\n+00007b50: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6172 6561 2062 ed in the area b\n+00007b60: 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 204d 4252 2061 etween the MBR a\n+00007b70: 6e64 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 nd the first par\n+00007b80: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 tition.(called b\n+00007b90: 7920 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 732c y various names,\n+00007ba0: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2022 626f such as the \"bo\n+00007bb0: 6f74 2074 7261 636b 222c 2022 4d42 5220 ot track\", \"MBR \n+00007bc0: 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 6464 gap\", or.\"embedd\n+00007bd0: 696e 6720 6172 6561 222c 2061 6e64 2077 ing area\", and w\n+00007be0: 6869 6368 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 hich is usually \n+00007bf0: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 at least 1000 Ki\n+00007c00: 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a B), or the core.\n+00007c10: 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 image can be ins\n+00007c20: 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 talled in a file\n+00007c30: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 6120 6c69 system and a li\n+00007c40: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 st of the blocks\n+00007c50: 2074 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 7570 that.make it up\n+00007c60: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7374 6f72 6564 2069 can be stored i\n+00007c70: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 n the first sect\n+00007c80: 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6174 2070 6172 7469 or of that parti\n+00007c90: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 726e tion... Modern\n+00007ca0: 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c tools usually l\n+00007cb0: 6561 7665 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 eave MBR gap of \n+00007cc0: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3032 3320 4b69 at least 1023 Ki\n+00007cd0: 422e 2054 6869 7320 616d 6f75 6e74 0a69 B. This amount.i\n+00007ce0: 7320 7375 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2074 6f20 s sufficient to \n+00007cf0: 636f 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6e 6669 cover most confi\n+00007d00: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4865 6e63 gurations. Henc\n+00007d10: 6520 7468 6973 2076 616c 7565 2069 730a e this value is.\n+00007d20: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6279 2074 recommended by t\n+00007d30: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2e0a 0a20 he GRUB team... \n+00007d40: 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 206d Historically m\n+00007d50: 616e 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 6674 206f any tools left o\n+00007d60: 6e6c 7920 3331 204b 6942 206f 6620 7370 nly 31 KiB of sp\n+00007d70: 6163 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f ace. This is no\n+00007d80: 740a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 7061 7273 t.enough to pars\n+00007d90: 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 6966 6669 e reliably diffi\n+00007da0: 6375 6c74 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 cult structures \n+00007db0: 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 6673 2c20 5a46 532c like Btrfs, ZFS,\n+00007dc0: 2052 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 RAID or.LVM, or\n+00007dd0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6469 6666 6963 756c to use difficul\n+00007de0: 7420 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d65 t disk access me\n+00007df0: 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 6863 692e thods like ahci.\n+00007e00: 2020 4865 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c Hence GRUB wil\n+00007e10: 6c0a 7761 726e 2069 6620 6174 7465 6d70 l.warn if attemp\n+00007e20: 7465 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 ted to install i\n+00007e30: 6e74 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 5220 6761 nto small MBR ga\n+00007e40: 7020 6578 6365 7074 2069 6e20 6120 736d p except in a sm\n+00007e50: 616c 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f 6620 636f all number.of co\n+00007e60: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6861 nfigurations tha\n+00007e70: 7420 7765 7265 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 t were grandfath\n+00007e80: 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2067 7261 6e64 ered. The grand\n+00007e90: 6661 7468 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 670a fathered config.\n+00007ea0: 6d75 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7573 must:.. ... us\n+00007eb0: 6520 6269 6f73 6469 736b 2061 7320 6469 e biosdisk as di\n+00007ec0: 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 sk access module\n+00007ed0: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 for .../boot...\n+00007ee0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206e 6f74 2075 7365 .. ... not use\n+00007ef0: 2061 6e79 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 any additional \n+00007f00: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7073 2074 partition maps t\n+00007f10: 6f20 6163 6365 7373 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f o access .../boo\n+00007f20: 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 t..... ... ...\n+00007f30: 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 /boot... must be\n+00007f40: 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 2066 6f6c 6c6f on one of follo\n+00007f50: 7769 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 wing filesystems\n+00007f60: 3a20 4146 4653 2c20 4146 532c 2042 4653 : AFFS, AFS, BFS\n+00007f70: 2c0a 2020 2020 2063 7069 6f2c 206e 6577 ,. cpio, new\n+00007f80: 632c 206f 6463 2c20 6578 7432 2f33 2f34 c, odc, ext2/3/4\n+00007f90: 2c20 4641 542c 2065 7846 4154 2c20 4632 , FAT, exFAT, F2\n+00007fa0: 4653 2c20 4846 532c 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 FS, HFS, uncompr\n+00007fb0: 6573 7365 640a 2020 2020 2048 4653 2b2c essed. HFS+,\n+00007fc0: 2049 534f 3936 3630 2c20 4a46 532c 204d ISO9660, JFS, M\n+00007fd0: 696e 6978 2c20 4d69 6e69 7832 2c20 4d69 inix, Minix2, Mi\n+00007fe0: 6e69 7833 2c20 4e49 4c46 5332 2c20 4e54 nix3, NILFS2, NT\n+00007ff0: 4653 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c0a 2020 FS, ReiserFS,. \n+00008000: 2020 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 5346 532c 2074 ROMFS, SFS, t\n+00008010: 6172 2c20 5544 462c 2055 4653 312c 2055 ar, UDF, UFS1, U\n+00008020: 4653 322c 2058 4653 0a0a 2020 204d 4252 FS2, XFS.. MBR\n+00008030: 2067 6170 2068 6173 2066 6577 2074 6563 gap has few tec\n+00008040: 686e 6963 616c 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e hnical problems.\n+00008050: 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7761 There is no wa\n+00008060: 7920 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 2073 7061 y to reserve spa\n+00008070: 6365 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 ce.in the embedd\n+00008080: 696e 6720 6172 6561 2077 6974 6820 636f ing area with co\n+00008090: 6d70 6c65 7465 2073 6166 6574 792c 2061 mplete safety, a\n+000080a0: 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 7072 6f70 7269 6574 nd some propriet\n+000080b0: 6172 790a 736f 6674 7761 7265 2069 7320 ary.software is \n+000080c0: 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2075 7365 2069 7420 known to use it \n+000080d0: 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 2064 6966 6669 to make it diffi\n+000080e0: 6375 6c74 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7273 2074 cult for users t\n+000080f0: 6f20 776f 726b 0a61 726f 756e 6420 6c69 o work.around li\n+00008100: 6365 6e73 696e 6720 7265 7374 7269 6374 censing restrict\n+00008110: 696f 6e73 2e20 2047 5255 4220 776f 726b ions. GRUB work\n+00008120: 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7420 6279 2064 s around it by d\n+00008130: 6574 6563 7469 6e67 0a73 6563 746f 7273 etecting.sectors\n+00008140: 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 736f 6674 7761 by other softwa\n+00008150: 7265 2061 6e64 2061 766f 6964 696e 6720 re and avoiding \n+00008160: 7468 656d 2061 6e64 2070 726f 7465 6374 them and protect\n+00008170: 696e 6720 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 7365 6374 ing its own.sect\n+00008180: 6f72 7320 7573 696e 6720 5265 6564 2d53 ors using Reed-S\n+00008190: 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 672e olomon encoding.\n+000081a0: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2072 .. GRUB team r\n+000081b0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 7320 6861 7669 6e67 ecommends having\n+000081c0: 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c MBR gap of at l\n+000081d0: 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 422e 0a0a east 1000 KiB...\n+000081e0: 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 6974 206e 6f74 Should it not\n+000081f0: 2062 6520 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 4752 be possible, GR\n+00008200: 5542 2068 6173 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 UB has support f\n+00008210: 6f72 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 736f or a fallback so\n+00008220: 6c75 7469 6f6e 0a77 6869 6368 2069 7320 lution.which is \n+00008230: 6865 6176 696c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e heavily recommen\n+00008240: 6465 6420 6167 6169 6e73 742e 2020 496e ded against. In\n+00008250: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6669 stalling to a fi\n+00008260: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6561 6e73 0a74 lesystem means.t\n+00008270: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2069 7320 7675 6c6e hat GRUB is vuln\n+00008280: 6572 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6974 7320 626c erable to its bl\n+00008290: 6f63 6b73 2062 6569 6e67 206d 6f76 6564 ocks being moved\n+000082a0: 2061 726f 756e 6420 6279 2066 696c 6573 around by files\n+000082b0: 7973 7465 6d0a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2073 ystem.features s\n+000082c0: 7563 6820 6173 2074 6169 6c20 7061 636b uch as tail pack\n+000082d0: 696e 672c 206f 7220 6576 656e 2062 7920 ing, or even by \n+000082e0: 6167 6772 6573 7369 7665 2066 7363 6b0a aggressive fsck.\n+000082f0: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732c implementations,\n+00008300: 2073 6f20 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 so this approac\n+00008310: 6820 6973 2071 7569 7465 2066 7261 6769 h is quite fragi\n+00008320: 6c65 3b20 616e 6420 7468 6973 2061 7070 le; and this app\n+00008330: 726f 6163 680a 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 roach.can only b\n+00008340: 6520 7573 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 e280 e used if the ..\n+00008350: 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6669 6c65 7379 ./boot... filesy\n+00008360: 7374 656d 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 stem is on the s\n+00008370: 616d 6520 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 7468 ame disk that th\n+00008380: 650a 4249 4f53 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f e.BIOS boots fro\n+00008390: 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 m, so that GRUB \n+000083a0: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 746f does not have to\n+000083b0: 2072 656c 7920 6f6e 2067 7565 7373 696e rely on guessin\n+000083c0: 6720 4249 4f53 0a64 7269 7665 206e 756d g BIOS.drive num\n+000083d0: 6265 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4752 bers... The GR\n+000083e0: 5542 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 UB development t\n+000083f0: 6561 6d20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7265 eam generally re\n+00008400: 636f 6d6d 656e 6473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 commends embeddi\n+00008410: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 ng GRUB before.t\n+00008420: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+00008430: 6f6e 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 2068 on, unless you h\n+00008440: 6176 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7265 7175 ave special requ\n+00008450: 6972 656d 656e 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 206d irements. You m\n+00008460: 7573 740a 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 ust.ensure that \n+00008470: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 the first partit\n+00008480: 696f 6e20 7374 6172 7473 2061 7420 6c65 ion starts at le\n+00008490: 6173 7420 3130 3030 204b 6942 2028 3230 ast 1000 KiB (20\n+000084a0: 3030 2073 6563 746f 7273 290a 6672 6f6d 00 sectors).from\n+000084b0: 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 the start of th\n+000084c0: 6520 6469 736b 3b20 6f6e 206d 6f64 6572 e disk; on moder\n+000084d0: 6e20 6469 736b 732c 2069 7420 6973 206f n disks, it is o\n+000084e0: 6674 656e 2061 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e ften a performan\n+000084f0: 6365 0a61 6476 616e 7461 6765 2074 6f20 ce.advantage to \n+00008500: 616c 6967 6e20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 align partitions\n+00008510: 206f 6e20 6c61 7267 6572 2062 6f75 6e64 on larger bound\n+00008520: 6172 6965 7320 616e 7977 6179 2c20 736f aries anyway, so\n+00008530: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 the first.parti\n+00008540: 7469 6f6e 206d 6967 6874 2073 7461 7274 tion might start\n+00008550: 2031 204d 6942 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 1 MiB from the \n+00008560: 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 start of the dis\n+00008570: 6b2e 0a0a 4750 540a 3d3d 3d0a 0a53 6f6d k...GPT.===..Som\n+00008580: 6520 6e65 7765 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 e newer systems \n+00008590: 7573 6520 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 use the GUID Par\n+000085a0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 tition Table (GP\n+000085b0: 5429 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 5468 6973 T) format. This\n+000085c0: 2077 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 was.specified a\n+000085d0: 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 4578 s part of the Ex\n+000085e0: 7465 6e73 6962 6c65 2046 6972 6d77 6172 tensible Firmwar\n+000085f0: 6520 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 2845 4649 e Interface (EFI\n+00008600: 292c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e0a 616c ), but it can.al\n+00008610: 736f 2062 6520 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4249 so be used on BI\n+00008620: 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 OS platforms if \n+00008630: 7379 7374 656d 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 system software \n+00008640: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2069 743b 2066 6f72 supports it; for\n+00008650: 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2061 .example, GRUB a\n+00008660: 6e64 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2063 616e nd GNU/Linux can\n+00008670: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6973 be used in this\n+00008680: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 configuration. \n+00008690: 2057 6974 680a 7468 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 With.this forma\n+000086a0: 742c 2069 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c t, it is possibl\n+000086b0: 6520 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 2061 2077 e to reserve a w\n+000086c0: 686f 6c65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 hole partition f\n+000086d0: 6f72 2047 5255 422c 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 or GRUB,.called \n+000086e0: 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 the BIOS Boot Pa\n+000086f0: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4752 5542 2063 rtition. GRUB c\n+00008700: 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 an then be embed\n+00008710: 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 6861 740a 7061 ded into that.pa\n+00008720: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 rtition without \n+00008730: 7468 6520 7269 736b 206f 6620 6265 696e the risk of bein\n+00008740: 6720 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6279 g overwritten by\n+00008750: 206f 7468 6572 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 other software \n+00008760: 616e 640a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6265 696e and.without bein\n+00008770: 6720 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2061 g contained in a\n+00008780: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7768 6963 filesystem whic\n+00008790: 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6d6f 7665 2069 7473 h might move its\n+000087a0: 2062 6c6f 636b 730a 6172 6f75 6e64 2e0a blocks.around..\n+000087b0: 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 7265 6174 696e . When creatin\n+000087c0: 6720 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 g a BIOS Boot Pa\n+000087d0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 rtition on a GPT\n+000087e0: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2079 6f75 2073 686f system, you sho\n+000087f0: 756c 6420 6d61 6b65 0a73 7572 6520 7468 uld make.sure th\n+00008800: 6174 2069 7420 6973 2061 7420 6c65 6173 at it is at leas\n+00008810: 7420 3331 204b 6942 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 t 31 KiB in size\n+00008820: 2e20 2028 4750 542d 666f 726d 6174 7465 . (GPT-formatte\n+00008830: 6420 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a d disks are not.\n+00008840: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 7061 7274 6963 756c usually particul\n+00008850: 6172 6c79 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 arly small, so w\n+00008860: 6520 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 e recommend that\n+00008870: 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 6974 206c 6172 you make it lar\n+00008880: 6765 7220 7468 616e 0a74 6865 2062 6172 ger than.the bar\n+00008890: 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 e minimum, such \n+000088a0: 6173 2031 204d 6942 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c as 1 MiB, to all\n+000088b0: 6f77 2070 6c65 6e74 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f ow plenty of roo\n+000088c0: 6d20 666f 7220 6772 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 m for growth.).Y\n+000088d0: 6f75 206d 7573 7420 616c 736f 206d 616b ou must also mak\n+000088e0: 6520 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 6974 2068 e sure that it h\n+000088f0: 6173 2074 6865 2070 726f 7065 7220 7061 as the proper pa\n+00008900: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2e20 2055 rtition type. U\n+00008910: 7369 6e67 0a47 4e55 2050 6172 7465 642c sing.GNU Parted,\n+00008920: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 you can set thi\n+00008930: 7320 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f 6d6d 616e s using a comman\n+00008940: 6420 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 666f d such as the fo\n+00008950: 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 llowing:.. #\n+00008960: 2070 6172 7465 6420 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 parted /dev/DIS\n+00008970: 4b20 7365 7420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e2d K set PARTITION-\n+00008980: 4e55 4d42 4552 2062 696f 735f 6772 7562 NUMBER bios_grub\n+00008990: 206f 6e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 on.. If you a\n+000089a0: 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2067 6469 736b 2c20 re using gdisk, \n+000089b0: 7365 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f set the partitio\n+000089c0: 6e20 7479 7065 2074 6f20 e280 9830 7845 n type to ...0xE\n+000089d0: 4630 32e2 8099 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7061 F02.... With.pa\n+000089e0: 7274 6974 696f 6e69 6e67 2070 726f 6772 rtitioning progr\n+000089f0: 616d 7320 7468 6174 2072 6571 7569 7265 ams that require\n+00008a00: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2047 5549 setting the GUI\n+00008a10: 4420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 D directly, it s\n+00008a20: 686f 756c 640a 6265 20e2 8098 3231 3638 hould.be ...2168\n+00008a30: 3631 3438 2d36 3434 392d 3665 3666 2d37 6148-6449-6e6f-7\n+00008a40: 3434 6536 3536 3536 3434 3534 3634 39e2 44e656564454649.\n+00008a50: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e ..... *Caution\n+00008a60: 3a2a 2042 6520 7665 7279 2063 6172 6566 :* Be very caref\n+00008a70: 756c 2077 6869 6368 2070 6172 7469 7469 ul which partiti\n+00008a80: 6f6e 2079 6f75 2073 656c 6563 7421 2020 on you select! \n+00008a90: 5768 656e 2047 5255 420a 6669 6e64 7320 When GRUB.finds \n+00008aa0: 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 a BIOS Boot Part\n+00008ab0: 6974 696f 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 ition during ins\n+00008ac0: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 tallation, it wi\n+00008ad0: 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 ll automatically\n+00008ae0: 0a6f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2070 6172 7420 .overwrite part \n+00008af0: 6f66 2069 742e 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 of it. Make sur\n+00008b00: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 e that the parti\n+00008b10: 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f tion does not co\n+00008b20: 6e74 6169 6e20 616e 790a 6f74 6865 7220 ntain any.other \n+00008b30: 6461 7461 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 data.....File: g\n+00008b40: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00008b50: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a Booting, Next:\n+00008b60: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 Configuration, \n+00008b70: 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 Prev: Installat\n+00008b80: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 ion, Up: Top..5\n+00008b90: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Booting.*******\n+00008ba0: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 206c 6f61 **..GRUB can loa\n+00008bb0: 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 d Multiboot-comp\n+00008bc0: 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e liant kernels in\n+00008bd0: 2061 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 7420 7761 a consistent wa\n+00008be0: 792c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 y, but for.some \n+00008bf0: 6672 6565 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 free operating s\n+00008c00: 7973 7465 6d73 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 ystems you need \n+00008c10: 746f 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 to use some OS-s\n+00008c20: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a pecific magic...\n+00008c30: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 * Menu:..* Gener\n+00008c40: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 733a al boot methods:\n+00008c50: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 : How to \n+00008c60: 626f 6f74 204f 5365 7320 7769 7468 2047 boot OSes with G\n+00008c70: 5255 4220 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 RUB generally.* \n+00008c80: 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 Loopback booting\n+00008c90: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f :: No\n+00008ca0: 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 tes on booting f\n+00008cb0: 726f 6d20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 730a 2a20 rom loopbacks.* \n+00008cc0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e LVM cache bootin\n+00008cd0: 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f g:: No\n+00008ce0: 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 tes on booting f\n+00008cf0: 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f rom LVM cache lo\n+00008d00: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f gical volume.* O\n+00008d10: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n+00008d20: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 :: Not\n+00008d30: 6573 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 es on some opera\n+00008d40: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a ting systems....\n+00008d50: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00008d60: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 Node: General \n+00008d70: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 204e boot methods, N\n+00008d80: 6578 743a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f ext: Loopback bo\n+00008d90: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 oting, Up: Boot\n+00008da0: 696e 670a 0a35 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 ing..5.1 How to \n+00008db0: 626f 6f74 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 boot operating s\n+00008dc0: 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ystems.=========\n 00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00008de0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 6173 ======..GRUB has\n-00008df0: 2074 6872 6565 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 three distinct \n-00008e00: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a20 6c6f boot methods: lo\n-00008e10: 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 ading an operati\n-00008e20: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 6374 ng system.direct\n-00008e30: 6c79 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6b65 7865 6320 ly, using kexec \n-00008e40: 6672 6f6d 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2c20 from userspace, \n-00008e50: 616e 6420 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 and chainloading\n-00008e60: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f61 another.bootloa\n-00008e70: 6465 722e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 der. Generally \n-00008e80: 7370 6561 6b69 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 6669 speaking, the fi\n-00008e90: 7273 7420 7477 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f 7265 rst two are more\n-00008ea0: 2064 6573 6972 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 6175 desirable.becau\n-00008eb0: 7365 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 se you don't nee\n-00008ec0: 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 d to install or \n-00008ed0: 6d61 696e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 2062 maintain other b\n-00008ee0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e 640a oot loaders and.\n-00008ef0: 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 6c65 GRUB is flexible\n-00008f00: 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 746f 206c 6f61 6420 enough to load \n-00008f10: 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 an operating sys\n-00008f20: 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 6269 tem from an arbi\n-00008f30: 7472 6172 790a 6469 736b 2f70 6172 7469 trary.disk/parti\n-00008f40: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 tion. However, \n-00008f50: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 7320 chainloading is \n-00008f60: 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 sometimes requir\n-00008f70: 6564 2c20 6173 2047 5255 420a 646f 6573 ed, as GRUB.does\n-00008f80: 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 n't support all \n-00008f90: 6578 6973 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 7469 existing operati\n-00008fa0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206e 6174 6976 ng systems nativ\n-00008fb0: 656c 792e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ely...* Menu:..*\n-00008fc0: 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 Loading an oper\n-00008fd0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 ating system dir\n-00008fe0: 6563 746c 793a 3a0a 2a20 4b65 7865 633a ectly::.* Kexec:\n-00008ff0: 3a0a 2a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e :.* Chain-loadin\n-00009000: 673a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 g::....File: gru\n-00009010: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c b.info, Node: L\n-00009020: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 oading an operat\n-00009030: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 ing system direc\n-00009040: 746c 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4b65 7865 tly, Next: Kexe\n-00009050: 632c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 c, Up: General \n-00009060: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a 352e boot methods..5.\n-00009070: 312e 3120 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 1.1 How to boot \n-00009080: 616e 204f 5320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 an OS directly w\n-00009090: 6974 6820 4752 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ith GRUB.-------\n+00008de0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 ========..GRUB h\n+00008df0: 6173 2074 6872 6565 2064 6973 7469 6e63 as three distinc\n+00008e00: 7420 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a20 t boot methods: \n+00008e10: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 loading an opera\n+00008e20: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 ting system.dire\n+00008e30: 6374 6c79 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6b65 7865 ctly, using kexe\n+00008e40: 6320 6672 6f6d 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 c from userspace\n+00008e50: 2c20 616e 6420 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 , and chainloadi\n+00008e60: 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c ng another.bootl\n+00008e70: 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c oader. Generall\n+00008e80: 7920 7370 6561 6b69 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 y speaking, the \n+00008e90: 6669 7273 7420 7477 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f first two are mo\n+00008ea0: 7265 2064 6573 6972 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 re desirable.bec\n+00008eb0: 6175 7365 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e ause you don't n\n+00008ec0: 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f eed to install o\n+00008ed0: 7220 6d61 696e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 r maintain other\n+00008ee0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e boot loaders an\n+00008ef0: 640a 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 d.GRUB is flexib\n+00008f00: 6c65 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 746f 206c 6f61 le enough to loa\n+00008f10: 6420 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 d an operating s\n+00008f20: 7973 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 ystem from an ar\n+00008f30: 6269 7472 6172 790a 6469 736b 2f70 6172 bitrary.disk/par\n+00008f40: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 tition. However\n+00008f50: 2c20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 , chainloading i\n+00008f60: 7320 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 s sometimes requ\n+00008f70: 6972 6564 2c20 6173 2047 5255 420a 646f ired, as GRUB.do\n+00008f80: 6573 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c esn't support al\n+00008f90: 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 l existing opera\n+00008fa0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206e 6174 ting systems nat\n+00008fb0: 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ively...* Menu:.\n+00008fc0: 0a2a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 .* Loading an op\n+00008fd0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 erating system d\n+00008fe0: 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a0a 2a20 4b65 7865 irectly::.* Kexe\n+00008ff0: 633a 3a0a 2a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 c::.* Chain-load\n+00009000: 696e 673a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ing::....File: g\n+00009010: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00009020: 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 Loading an oper\n+00009030: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 ating system dir\n+00009040: 6563 746c 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4b65 ectly, Next: Ke\n+00009050: 7865 632c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 xec, Up: Genera\n+00009060: 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a l boot methods..\n+00009070: 352e 312e 3120 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 5.1.1 How to boo\n+00009080: 7420 616e 204f 5320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 t an OS directly\n+00009090: 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d with GRUB.-----\n 000090a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000090c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2028 ---..Multiboot (\n-000090d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 *note Multiboot \n-000090e0: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 Specification: (\n-000090f0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 2920 multiboot)Top.) \n-00009100: 6973 2074 6865 206e 6174 6976 650a 666f is the native.fo\n-00009110: 726d 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 rmat supported b\n-00009120: 7920 4752 5542 2e20 466f 7220 7468 6520 y GRUB. For the \n-00009130: 7361 6b65 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 sake of convenie\n-00009140: 6e63 652c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c nce, there is al\n-00009150: 736f 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 204c so.support for L\n-00009160: 696e 7578 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e inux, FreeBSD, N\n-00009170: 6574 4253 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 etBSD and OpenBS\n-00009180: 442e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 D. If you want t\n-00009190: 6f20 626f 6f74 0a6f 7468 6572 206f 7065 o boot.other ope\n-000091a0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 rating systems, \n-000091b0: 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 746f you will have to\n-000091c0: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d chain-load them\n-000091d0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f (*note.Chain-lo\n-000091e0: 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4649 ading::)... FI\n-000091f0: 584d 453a 2074 6869 7320 7365 6374 696f XME: this sectio\n-00009200: 6e20 6973 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 652e n is incomplete.\n-00009210: 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 756e 2074 6865 2063 .. 1. Run the c\n-00009220: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 ommand ...boot..\n-00009230: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 . (*note boot::)\n-00009240: 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2044 ... However, D\n-00009250: 4f53 2061 6e64 2057 696e 646f 7773 2068 OS and Windows h\n-00009260: 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2064 6566 6963 6965 ave some deficie\n-00009270: 6e63 6965 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d69 ncies, so you mi\n-00009280: 6768 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 ght have to.use \n-00009290: 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 6564 more complicated\n-000092a0: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 instructions. \n-000092b0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 *Note DOS/Window\n-000092c0: 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e s::, for more.in\n-000092d0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 formation.....Fi\n-000092e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000092f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 4e65 Node: Kexec, Ne\n-00009300: 7874 3a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e xt: Chain-loadin\n-00009310: 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e g, Prev: Loadin\n-00009320: 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 g an operating s\n-00009330: 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 ystem directly, \n-00009340: 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f Up: General boo\n-00009350: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e32 t methods..5.1.2\n-00009360: 204b 6578 6563 2077 6974 6820 6772 7562 Kexec with grub\n-00009370: 322d 656d 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2-emu.----------\n+000090c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 -----..Multiboot\n+000090d0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f (*note Multiboo\n+000090e0: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a t Specification:\n+000090f0: 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e (multiboot)Top.\n+00009100: 2920 6973 2074 6865 206e 6174 6976 650a ) is the native.\n+00009110: 666f 726d 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 format supported\n+00009120: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2e20 466f 7220 7468 by GRUB. For th\n+00009130: 6520 7361 6b65 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e e sake of conven\n+00009140: 6965 6e63 652c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 ience, there is \n+00009150: 616c 736f 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 also.support for\n+00009160: 204c 696e 7578 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c Linux, FreeBSD,\n+00009170: 204e 6574 4253 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e NetBSD and Open\n+00009180: 4253 442e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 BSD. If you want\n+00009190: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 0a6f 7468 6572 206f to boot.other o\n+000091a0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n+000091b0: 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 , you will have \n+000091c0: 746f 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 to chain-load th\n+000091d0: 656d 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 4368 6169 6e2d em (*note.Chain-\n+000091e0: 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 loading::)... \n+000091f0: 4649 584d 453a 2074 6869 7320 7365 6374 FIXME: this sect\n+00009200: 696f 6e20 6973 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 ion is incomplet\n+00009210: 652e 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 756e 2074 6865 e... 1. Run the\n+00009220: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 command ...boot\n+00009230: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a ... (*note boot:\n+00009240: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c :)... However,\n+00009250: 2044 4f53 2061 6e64 2057 696e 646f 7773 DOS and Windows\n+00009260: 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2064 6566 6963 have some defic\n+00009270: 6965 6e63 6965 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 iencies, so you \n+00009280: 6d69 6768 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 might have to.us\n+00009290: 6520 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 e more complicat\n+000092a0: 6564 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 732e ed instructions.\n+000092b0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 *Note DOS/Wind\n+000092c0: 6f77 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a ows::, for more.\n+000092d0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a information.....\n+000092e0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000092f0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 Node: Kexec, \n+00009300: 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 Next: Chain-load\n+00009310: 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 ing, Prev: Load\n+00009320: 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 ing an operating\n+00009330: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 system directly\n+00009340: 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 , Up: General b\n+00009350: 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 oot methods..5.1\n+00009360: 2e32 204b 6578 6563 2077 6974 6820 6772 .2 Kexec with gr\n+00009370: 7562 322d 656d 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ub2-emu.--------\n 00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009390: 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 7275 ..GRUB can be ru\n-000093a0: 6e20 696e 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2062 n in userspace b\n-000093b0: 7920 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 2067 y invoking the g\n-000093c0: 7275 6232 2d65 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e 2020 rub2-emu tool. \n-000093d0: 4974 2077 696c 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 6c6c It will.read all\n-000093e0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 configuration s\n-000093f0: 6372 6970 7473 2061 7320 6966 2062 6f6f cripts as if boo\n-00009400: 7469 6e67 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 2873 ting directly (s\n-00009410: 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 ee *note Loading\n-00009420: 0a61 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 .an operating sy\n-00009430: 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a29 stem directly::)\n-00009440: 2e20 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d . With the ...-\n-00009450: 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2c20 -kexec... flag, \n-00009460: 616e 6420 6b65 7865 6328 3829 0a73 7570 and kexec(8).sup\n-00009470: 706f 7274 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f70 port from the op\n-00009480: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 erating system, \n-00009490: 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 the ...linux... \n-000094a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6972 command will dir\n-000094b0: 6563 746c 790a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2074 ectly.boot the t\n-000094c0: 6172 6765 7420 696d 6167 652e 2020 466f arget image. Fo\n-000094d0: 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 206c r systems that l\n-000094e0: 6163 6b20 776f 726b 696e 6720 7379 7374 ack working syst\n-000094f0: 656d 6374 6c28 3129 0a73 7570 706f 7274 emctl(1).support\n-00009500: 2066 6f72 206b 6578 6563 2c20 7061 7373 for kexec, pass\n-00009510: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 ing the ...--kex\n-00009520: 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2074 7769 6365 ec... flag twice\n-00009530: 2077 696c 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 will fallback t\n-00009540: 6f0a 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 6563 o.invoking kexec\n-00009550: 2838 2920 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 6e6f (8) directly; no\n-00009560: 7465 2068 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6861 7420 te however that \n-00009570: 7468 6973 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6d61 this fallback ma\n-00009580: 7920 6265 0a75 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 7473 y be.unsafe outs\n-00009590: 6964 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 656e ide read-only en\n-000095a0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 6173 2069 vironments, as i\n-000095b0: 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 6f6b t does not invok\n-000095c0: 6520 7368 7574 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 6869 e shutdown.machi\n-000095d0: 6e65 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 nery.....File: g\n-000095e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000095f0: 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 Chain-loading, \n-00009600: 2050 7265 763a 204b 6578 6563 2c20 2055 Prev: Kexec, U\n-00009610: 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 p: General boot \n-00009620: 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 2043 methods..5.1.3 C\n-00009630: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 hain-loading an \n-00009640: 4f53 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d OS.-------------\n-00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 ------------..Op\n-00009660: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 erating systems \n-00009670: 7468 6174 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 that do not supp\n-00009680: 6f72 7420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 616e ort Multiboot an\n-00009690: 6420 646f 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7370 d do not have sp\n-000096a0: 6563 6966 6963 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2069 ecific.support i\n-000096b0: 6e20 4752 5542 2028 7370 6563 6966 6963 n GRUB (specific\n-000096c0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 support is avai\n-000096d0: 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 782c lable for Linux,\n-000096e0: 2046 7265 6542 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 5344 FreeBSD,.NetBSD\n-000096f0: 2061 6e64 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2920 6d75 and OpenBSD) mu\n-00009700: 7374 2062 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 st be chain-load\n-00009710: 6564 2c20 7768 6963 6820 696e 766f 6c76 ed, which involv\n-00009720: 6573 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 es loading anoth\n-00009730: 6572 0a62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 er.boot loader a\n-00009740: 6e64 206a 756d 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 6974 nd jumping to it\n-00009750: 2069 6e20 7265 616c 206d 6f64 6520 6f72 in real mode or\n-00009760: 2076 6961 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 via the firmwar\n-00009770: 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6368 e... The ...ch\n-00009780: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d ainloader... com\n-00009790: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6169 mand (*note chai\n-000097a0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a29 2069 7320 7573 nloader::) is us\n-000097b0: 6564 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6973 0a75 ed to set this.u\n-000097c0: 702e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c p. It is normal\n-000097d0: 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 6172 ly also necessar\n-000097e0: 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 2047 y to load some G\n-000097f0: 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 616e 6420 RUB modules and \n-00009800: 7365 7420 7468 650a 6170 7072 6f70 7269 set the.appropri\n-00009810: 6174 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 652e ate root device.\n-00009820: 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 Putting this t\n-00009830: 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2077 6520 6765 7420 ogether, we get \n-00009840: 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 0a74 something like.t\n-00009850: 6869 732c 2066 6f72 2061 2057 696e 646f his, for a Windo\n-00009860: 7773 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 6865 ws system on the\n-00009870: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n-00009880: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the first ha\n-00009890: 7264 0a64 6973 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e rd.disk:..menuen\n-000098a0: 7472 7920 2257 696e 646f 7773 2220 7b0a try \"Windows\" {.\n-000098b0: 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6368 6169 6e0a 0969 .insmod chain..i\n-000098c0: 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 7420 nsmod ntfs..set \n-000098d0: 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a09 6368 root=(hd0,1)..ch\n-000098e0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d 0a0a ainloader +1.}..\n-000098f0: 2020 204f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 On systems wi\n-00009900: 7468 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6861 7264 th multiple hard\n-00009910: 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 616e 2061 6464 6974 disks, an addit\n-00009920: 696f 6e61 6c20 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 ional workaround\n-00009930: 206d 6179 2062 650a 7265 7175 6972 6564 may be.required\n-00009940: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e . *Note DOS/Win\n-00009950: 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 dows::... Chai\n-00009960: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6973 206f 6e6c n-loading is onl\n-00009970: 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2050 y supported on P\n-00009980: 4320 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2070 C BIOS and EFI p\n-00009990: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c latforms.....Fil\n-000099a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000099b0: 6f64 653a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f ode: Loopback bo\n-000099c0: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c56 oting, Next: LV\n-000099d0: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c M cache booting,\n-000099e0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 Prev: General \n-000099f0: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 2055 boot methods, U\n-00009a00: 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3220 p: Booting..5.2 \n-00009a10: 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 Loopback booting\n-00009a20: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-00009a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6973 2061 =====..GRUB is a\n-00009a40: 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d ble to read from\n-00009a50: 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 2862 6520 6974 an image (be it\n-00009a60: 206f 6e65 206f 6620 4344 206f 7220 4844 one of CD or HD\n-00009a70: 4429 2073 746f 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 6e79 D) stored on.any\n-00009a80: 206f 6620 6974 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 of its accessib\n-00009a90: 6c65 2073 746f 7261 6765 7320 2872 6566 le storages (ref\n-00009aa0: 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6f70 er to *note loop\n-00009ab0: 6261 636b 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 292e back:: command).\n-00009ac0: 0a48 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6865 204f 5320 .However the OS \n-00009ad0: 6974 7365 6c66 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 itself should be\n-00009ae0: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 able to find it\n-00009af0: 7320 726f 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7573 s root. This us\n-00009b00: 7561 6c6c 790a 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2072 ually.involves r\n-00009b10: 756e 6e69 6e67 2061 2075 7365 7273 7061 unning a userspa\n-00009b20: 6365 2070 726f 6772 616d 2072 756e 6e69 ce program runni\n-00009b30: 6e67 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7265 ng before the re\n-00009b40: 616c 2072 6f6f 7420 6973 0a64 6973 636f al root is.disco\n-00009b50: 7665 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 vered. This is \n-00009b60: 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 achieved by GRUB\n-00009b70: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2073 7065 6369 loading a speci\n-00009b80: 616c 6c79 206d 6164 6520 736d 616c 6c0a ally made small.\n-00009b90: 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7061 7373 696e image and passin\n-00009ba0: 6720 6974 2061 7320 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 g it as ramdisk \n-00009bb0: 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 to the kernel. \n-00009bc0: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 This is achieved\n-00009bd0: 2062 790a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 by.commands ...\n-00009be0: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 kfreebsd_module.\n-00009bf0: 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d .., ...knetbsd_m\n-00009c00: 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 odule_elf..., ..\n-00009c10: 986b 6f70 656e 6273 645f 7261 6d64 6973 .kopenbsd_ramdis\n-00009c20: 6be2 8099 2c0a e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 k...,....initrd.\n-00009c30: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 .. (*note initrd\n-00009c40: 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 ::), ...initrd16\n-00009c50: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 ... (*note initr\n-00009c60: 6431 363a 3a29 2c0a e280 986d 756c 7469 d16::),....multi\n-00009c70: 626f 6f74 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 boot_module..., \n-00009c80: e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 325f 6d6f ...multiboot2_mo\n-00009c90: 6475 6c65 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 786e dule... or ...xn\n-00009ca0: 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2064 6570 u_ramdisk... dep\n-00009cb0: 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 6c6f ending on.the lo\n-00009cc0: 6164 6572 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 ader. Note that\n-00009cd0: 2066 6f72 206b 6e65 7462 7364 2074 6865 for knetbsd the\n-00009ce0: 2069 6d61 6765 206d 7573 7420 6265 2070 image must be p\n-00009cf0: 7574 2069 6e73 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 726f ut inside.miniro\n-00009d00: 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 ot.kmod and the \n-00009d10: 7768 6f6c 6520 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b whole miniroot.k\n-00009d20: 6d6f 6420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f mod has to be lo\n-00009d30: 6164 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 6e62 aded. In kopenb\n-00009d40: 7364 0a70 6179 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 7320 sd.payload this \n-00009d50: 6973 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 is disabled by d\n-00009d60: 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f efault. Additio\n-00009d70: 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 nally, behaviour\n-00009d80: 206f 6620 696e 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 6d64 of initial.ramd\n-00009d90: 6973 6b20 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2063 isk depends on c\n-00009da0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 ommand line opti\n-00009db0: 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 7665 7261 6c20 6469 ons. Several di\n-00009dc0: 7374 7269 6275 746f 7273 2070 726f 7669 stributors provi\n-00009dd0: 6465 0a74 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 de.the image for\n-00009de0: 2074 6869 7320 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6f72 this purpose or\n-00009df0: 2069 7427 7320 696e 7465 6772 6174 6564 it's integrated\n-00009e00: 2069 6e20 7468 6569 7220 7374 616e 6461 in their standa\n-00009e10: 7264 2072 616d 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 2061 rd ramdisk.and a\n-00009e20: 6374 6976 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6563 ctivated by spec\n-00009e30: 6961 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f6e ial option. Con\n-00009e40: 7375 6c74 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c sult your kernel\n-00009e50: 2061 6e64 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f and distributio\n-00009e60: 6e0a 6d61 6e75 616c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 n.manual for mor\n-00009e70: 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 2020 4f74 6865 e details. Othe\n-00009e80: 7220 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 20e2 r loaders like .\n-00009e90: 8098 6170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 ..appleloader...\n-00009ea0: 2c0a e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 ,....chainloader\n-00009eb0: e280 9920 2842 494f 532c 2045 4649 2c20 ... (BIOS, EFI, \n-00009ec0: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 6672 coreboot), ...fr\n-00009ed0: 6565 646f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e 746c eedos..., ...ntl\n-00009ee0: 6472 e280 992c 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 dr..., ...plan9.\n-00009ef0: 8099 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 6372 .. and....truecr\n-00009f00: 7970 74e2 8099 2070 726f 7669 6465 206e ypt... provide n\n-00009f10: 6f20 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 o possibility of\n-00009f20: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 616c loading initial\n-00009f30: 2072 616d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2061 7320 ramdisk and as \n-00009f40: 6661 720a 6173 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 far.as author is\n-00009f50: 2061 7761 7265 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f aware the paylo\n-00009f60: 6164 7320 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 ads in question \n-00009f70: 646f 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6569 don't support ei\n-00009f80: 7468 6572 2069 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 616d ther initial.ram\n-00009f90: 6469 736b 206f 7220 6469 7363 6f76 6572 disk or discover\n-00009fa0: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f ing loopback boo\n-00009fb0: 7420 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 2061 t in other way a\n-00009fc0: 6e64 2061 7320 7375 6368 206e 6f74 0a62 nd as such not.b\n-00009fd0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 7468 6973 2077 6179 ootable this way\n-00009fe0: 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 636f 6e73 6964 . Please consid\n-00009ff0: 6572 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2062 er alternative b\n-0000a000: 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 oot methods like\n-0000a010: 0a63 6f70 7969 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 696c .copying all fil\n-0000a020: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 696d 6167 es from the imag\n-0000a030: 6520 746f 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7061 7274 e to actual part\n-0000a040: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 ition. Consult \n-0000a050: 796f 7572 204f 530a 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 your OS.document\n-0000a060: 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 ation for more d\n-0000a070: 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a etails.....File:\n-0000a080: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0000a090: 653a 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f e: LVM cache boo\n-0000a0a0: 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d ting, Next: OS-\n-0000a0b0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 specific notes, \n-0000a0c0: 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 Prev: Loopback \n-0000a0d0: 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f booting, Up: Bo\n-0000a0e0: 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f 7469 oting..5.3 Booti\n-0000a0f0: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 ng from LVM cach\n-0000a100: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n-0000a110: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00009390: 2d2d 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 --..GRUB can be \n+000093a0: 7275 6e20 696e 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 run in userspace\n+000093b0: 2062 7920 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 by invoking the\n+000093c0: 2067 7275 6232 2d65 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e grub2-emu tool.\n+000093d0: 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 It will.read a\n+000093e0: 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ll configuration\n+000093f0: 2073 6372 6970 7473 2061 7320 6966 2062 scripts as if b\n+00009400: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 ooting directly \n+00009410: 2873 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 204c 6f61 6469 (see *note Loadi\n+00009420: 6e67 0a61 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 ng.an operating \n+00009430: 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a system directly:\n+00009440: 3a29 2e20 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 :). With the ..\n+00009450: 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 .--kexec... flag\n+00009460: 2c20 616e 6420 6b65 7865 6328 3829 0a73 , and kexec(8).s\n+00009470: 7570 706f 7274 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 upport from the \n+00009480: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00009490: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 , the ...linux..\n+000094a0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 . command will d\n+000094b0: 6972 6563 746c 790a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 irectly.boot the\n+000094c0: 2074 6172 6765 7420 696d 6167 652e 2020 target image. \n+000094d0: 466f 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 For systems that\n+000094e0: 206c 6163 6b20 776f 726b 696e 6720 7379 lack working sy\n+000094f0: 7374 656d 6374 6c28 3129 0a73 7570 706f stemctl(1).suppo\n+00009500: 7274 2066 6f72 206b 6578 6563 2c20 7061 rt for kexec, pa\n+00009510: 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b ssing the ...--k\n+00009520: 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2074 7769 exec... flag twi\n+00009530: 6365 2077 696c 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b ce will fallback\n+00009540: 2074 6f0a 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 to.invoking kex\n+00009550: 6563 2838 2920 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 ec(8) directly; \n+00009560: 6e6f 7465 2068 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6861 note however tha\n+00009570: 7420 7468 6973 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 t this fallback \n+00009580: 6d61 7920 6265 0a75 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 may be.unsafe ou\n+00009590: 7473 6964 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 tside read-only \n+000095a0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 6173 environments, as\n+000095b0: 2069 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 it does not inv\n+000095c0: 6f6b 6520 7368 7574 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 oke shutdown.mac\n+000095d0: 6869 6e65 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a hinery.....File:\n+000095e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000095f0: 653a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 e: Chain-loading\n+00009600: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204b 6578 6563 2c20 , Prev: Kexec, \n+00009610: 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f Up: General boo\n+00009620: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 t methods..5.1.3\n+00009630: 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 Chain-loading a\n+00009640: 6e20 4f53 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n OS.-----------\n+00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00009660: 4f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d Operating system\n+00009670: 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 s that do not su\n+00009680: 7070 6f72 7420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 pport Multiboot \n+00009690: 616e 6420 646f 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 and do not have \n+000096a0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a73 7570 706f 7274 specific.support\n+000096b0: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 7370 6563 6966 in GRUB (specif\n+000096c0: 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 ic support is av\n+000096d0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 ailable for Linu\n+000096e0: 782c 2046 7265 6542 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 x, FreeBSD,.NetB\n+000096f0: 5344 2061 6e64 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2920 SD and OpenBSD) \n+00009700: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f must be chain-lo\n+00009710: 6164 6564 2c20 7768 6963 6820 696e 766f aded, which invo\n+00009720: 6c76 6573 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f lves loading ano\n+00009730: 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 ther.boot loader\n+00009740: 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 and jumping to \n+00009750: 6974 2069 6e20 7265 616c 206d 6f64 6520 it in real mode \n+00009760: 6f72 2076 6961 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 or via the firmw\n+00009770: 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 are... The ...\n+00009780: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 chainloader... c\n+00009790: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 ommand (*note ch\n+000097a0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a29 2069 7320 ainloader::) is \n+000097b0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6973 used to set this\n+000097c0: 0a75 702e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6e6f 726d .up. It is norm\n+000097d0: 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 ally also necess\n+000097e0: 6172 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 ary to load some\n+000097f0: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 616e GRUB modules an\n+00009800: 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a 6170 7072 6f70 d set the.approp\n+00009810: 7269 6174 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 riate root devic\n+00009820: 652e 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 e. Putting this\n+00009830: 2074 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2077 6520 6765 together, we ge\n+00009840: 7420 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 t something like\n+00009850: 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6f72 2061 2057 696e .this, for a Win\n+00009860: 646f 7773 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 dows system on t\n+00009870: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+00009880: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on of the first \n+00009890: 6861 7264 0a64 6973 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 hard.disk:..menu\n+000098a0: 656e 7472 7920 2257 696e 646f 7773 2220 entry \"Windows\" \n+000098b0: 7b0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6368 6169 6e0a {..insmod chain.\n+000098c0: 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 .insmod ntfs..se\n+000098d0: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a09 t root=(hd0,1)..\n+000098e0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d chainloader +1.}\n+000098f0: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 .. On systems \n+00009900: 7769 7468 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6861 with multiple ha\n+00009910: 7264 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 616e 2061 6464 rd disks, an add\n+00009920: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 776f 726b 6172 6f75 itional workarou\n+00009930: 6e64 206d 6179 2062 650a 7265 7175 6972 nd may be.requir\n+00009940: 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 ed. *Note DOS/W\n+00009950: 696e 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 indows::... Ch\n+00009960: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6973 206f ain-loading is o\n+00009970: 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e nly supported on\n+00009980: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 PC BIOS and EFI\n+00009990: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 platforms.....F\n+000099a0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000099b0: 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 Node: Loopback \n+000099c0: 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 booting, Next: \n+000099d0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e LVM cache bootin\n+000099e0: 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 g, Prev: Genera\n+000099f0: 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 l boot methods, \n+00009a00: 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e Up: Booting..5.\n+00009a10: 3220 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 2 Loopback booti\n+00009a20: 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ng.=============\n+00009a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6973 =======..GRUB is\n+00009a40: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 able to read fr\n+00009a50: 6f6d 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 2862 6520 om an image (be \n+00009a60: 6974 206f 6e65 206f 6620 4344 206f 7220 it one of CD or \n+00009a70: 4844 4429 2073 746f 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 HDD) stored on.a\n+00009a80: 6e79 206f 6620 6974 7320 6163 6365 7373 ny of its access\n+00009a90: 6962 6c65 2073 746f 7261 6765 7320 2872 ible storages (r\n+00009aa0: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f efer to *note lo\n+00009ab0: 6f70 6261 636b 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 opback:: command\n+00009ac0: 292e 0a48 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6865 204f )..However the O\n+00009ad0: 5320 6974 7365 6c66 2073 686f 756c 6420 S itself should \n+00009ae0: 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2066 696e 6420 be able to find \n+00009af0: 6974 7320 726f 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 its root. This \n+00009b00: 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 696e 766f 6c76 6573 usually.involves\n+00009b10: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2061 2075 7365 7273 running a users\n+00009b20: 7061 6365 2070 726f 6772 616d 2072 756e pace program run\n+00009b30: 6e69 6e67 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 ning before the \n+00009b40: 7265 616c 2072 6f6f 7420 6973 0a64 6973 real root is.dis\n+00009b50: 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 covered. This i\n+00009b60: 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 7920 4752 s achieved by GR\n+00009b70: 5542 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2073 7065 UB loading a spe\n+00009b80: 6369 616c 6c79 206d 6164 6520 736d 616c cially made smal\n+00009b90: 6c0a 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7061 7373 l.image and pass\n+00009ba0: 696e 6720 6974 2061 7320 7261 6d64 6973 ing it as ramdis\n+00009bb0: 6b20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e k to the kernel.\n+00009bc0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 This is achiev\n+00009bd0: 6564 2062 790a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 ed by.commands .\n+00009be0: 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c ..kfreebsd_modul\n+00009bf0: 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 e..., ...knetbsd\n+00009c00: 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 _module_elf..., \n+00009c10: e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 645f 7261 6d64 ...kopenbsd_ramd\n+00009c20: 6973 6be2 8099 2c0a e280 9869 6e69 7472 isk...,....initr\n+00009c30: 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 d... (*note init\n+00009c40: 7264 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 rd::), ...initrd\n+00009c50: 3136 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 16... (*note ini\n+00009c60: 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2c0a e280 986d 756c trd16::),....mul\n+00009c70: 7469 626f 6f74 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 tiboot_module...\n+00009c80: 2c20 e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 325f , ...multiboot2_\n+00009c90: 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 module... or ...\n+00009ca0: 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2064 xnu_ramdisk... d\n+00009cb0: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 epending on.the \n+00009cc0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 loader. Note th\n+00009cd0: 6174 2066 6f72 206b 6e65 7462 7364 2074 at for knetbsd t\n+00009ce0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 206d 7573 7420 6265 he image must be\n+00009cf0: 2070 7574 2069 6e73 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 put inside.mini\n+00009d00: 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 616e 6420 7468 root.kmod and th\n+00009d10: 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 e whole miniroot\n+00009d20: 2e6b 6d6f 6420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 .kmod has to be \n+00009d30: 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 loaded. In kope\n+00009d40: 6e62 7364 0a70 6179 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 nbsd.payload thi\n+00009d50: 7320 6973 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 s is disabled by\n+00009d60: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2041 6464 6974 default. Addit\n+00009d70: 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 6568 6176 696f ionally, behavio\n+00009d80: 7572 206f 6620 696e 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 ur of initial.ra\n+00009d90: 6d64 6973 6b20 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e mdisk depends on\n+00009da0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 6f70 command line op\n+00009db0: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 7665 7261 6c20 tions. Several \n+00009dc0: 6469 7374 7269 6275 746f 7273 2070 726f distributors pro\n+00009dd0: 7669 6465 0a74 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 vide.the image f\n+00009de0: 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7075 7270 6f73 6520 or this purpose \n+00009df0: 6f72 2069 7427 7320 696e 7465 6772 6174 or it's integrat\n+00009e00: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6569 7220 7374 616e ed in their stan\n+00009e10: 6461 7264 2072 616d 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 dard ramdisk.and\n+00009e20: 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 activated by sp\n+00009e30: 6563 6961 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 ecial option. C\n+00009e40: 6f6e 7375 6c74 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e onsult your kern\n+00009e50: 656c 2061 6e64 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 el and distribut\n+00009e60: 696f 6e0a 6d61 6e75 616c 2066 6f72 206d ion.manual for m\n+00009e70: 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 2020 4f74 ore details. Ot\n+00009e80: 6865 7220 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 her loaders like\n+00009e90: 20e2 8098 6170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 ...appleloader.\n+00009ea0: 8099 2c0a e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 ..,....chainload\n+00009eb0: 6572 e280 9920 2842 494f 532c 2045 4649 er... (BIOS, EFI\n+00009ec0: 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 , coreboot), ...\n+00009ed0: 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e freedos..., ...n\n+00009ee0: 746c 6472 e280 992c 20e2 8098 706c 616e tldr..., ...plan\n+00009ef0: 39e2 8099 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 9... and....true\n+00009f00: 6372 7970 74e2 8099 2070 726f 7669 6465 crypt... provide\n+00009f10: 206e 6f20 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 no possibility \n+00009f20: 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 of loading initi\n+00009f30: 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2061 al ramdisk and a\n+00009f40: 7320 6661 720a 6173 2061 7574 686f 7220 s far.as author \n+00009f50: 6973 2061 7761 7265 2074 6865 2070 6179 is aware the pay\n+00009f60: 6c6f 6164 7320 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f loads in questio\n+00009f70: 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 n don't support \n+00009f80: 6569 7468 6572 2069 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 either initial.r\n+00009f90: 616d 6469 736b 206f 7220 6469 7363 6f76 amdisk or discov\n+00009fa0: 6572 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 ering loopback b\n+00009fb0: 6f6f 7420 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 oot in other way\n+00009fc0: 2061 6e64 2061 7320 7375 6368 206e 6f74 and as such not\n+00009fd0: 0a62 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 7468 6973 2077 .bootable this w\n+00009fe0: 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 636f 6e73 ay. Please cons\n+00009ff0: 6964 6572 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 ider alternative\n+0000a000: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 boot methods li\n+0000a010: 6b65 0a63 6f70 7969 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 ke.copying all f\n+0000a020: 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 696d iles from the im\n+0000a030: 6167 6520 746f 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7061 age to actual pa\n+0000a040: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c rtition. Consul\n+0000a050: 7420 796f 7572 204f 530a 646f 6375 6d65 t your OS.docume\n+0000a060: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ntation for more\n+0000a070: 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c details.....Fil\n+0000a080: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0000a090: 6f64 653a 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 ode: LVM cache b\n+0000a0a0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f ooting, Next: O\n+0000a0b0: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n+0000a0c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 , Prev: Loopbac\n+0000a0d0: 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 k booting, Up: \n+0000a0e0: 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f Booting..5.3 Boo\n+0000a0f0: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 ting from LVM ca\n+0000a100: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n+0000a110: 6d65 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d me.=============\n 0000a120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-0000a140: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 LVM cache logica\n-0000a150: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 7320 7468 6520 l volume is the \n-0000a160: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 logical volume c\n-0000a170: 6f6e 7369 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 onsisting of the\n-0000a180: 0a6f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 7468 .original and th\n-0000a190: 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 206c 6f67 e cache pool log\n-0000a1a0: 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 5468 ical volume. Th\n-0000a1b0: 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2069 7320 7573 e original is us\n-0000a1c0: 7561 6c6c 7920 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 6765 ually on.a large\n-0000a1d0: 7220 616e 6420 736c 6f77 6572 2073 746f r and slower sto\n-0000a1e0: 7261 6765 2064 6576 6963 6520 7768 696c rage device whil\n-0000a1f0: 6520 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c e the cache pool\n-0000a200: 2069 7320 6f6e 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 6572 is on a smaller\n-0000a210: 0a61 6e64 2066 6173 7465 7220 6f6e 652e .and faster one.\n-0000a220: 2020 5468 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 The performanc\n-0000a230: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 e of the origina\n-0000a240: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 616e 2062 6520 l volume can be \n-0000a250: 696d 7072 6f76 6564 0a62 7920 7374 6f72 improved.by stor\n-0000a260: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6672 6571 7565 6e74 ing the frequent\n-0000a270: 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6461 7461 206f 6e20 ly used data on \n-0000a280: 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2074 the cache pool t\n-0000a290: 6f20 7574 696c 697a 6520 7468 650a 6772 o utilize the.gr\n-0000a2a0: 6561 7465 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 eater performanc\n-0000a2b0: 6520 6f66 2066 6173 7465 7220 6465 7669 e of faster devi\n-0000a2c0: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2062 6f6f ce... GRUB boo\n-0000a2d0: 7473 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 ts from LVM cach\n-0000a2e0: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n-0000a2f0: 206d 6572 656c 7920 6279 2072 6561 6469 merely by readi\n-0000a300: 6e67 2069 7427 730a 6f72 6967 696e 616c ng it's.original\n-0000a310: 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 logical volume \n-0000a320: 736f 2074 6861 7420 6469 7274 7920 6461 so that dirty da\n-0000a330: 7461 2069 6e20 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c ta in cache pool\n-0000a340: 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6973 0a64 6973 7265 volume is.disre\n-0000a350: 6761 7264 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 garded. This is\n-0000a360: 206e 6f74 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d 2066 not a problem f\n-0000a370: 6f72 2022 7772 6974 6574 6872 6f75 6768 or \"writethrough\n-0000a380: 2220 6361 6368 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 \" cache mode as \n-0000a390: 6974 0a65 6e73 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 it.ensures that \n-0000a3a0: 616e 7920 6461 7461 2077 7269 7474 656e any data written\n-0000a3b0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 746f 7265 6420 will be stored \n-0000a3c0: 626f 7468 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 both on the cach\n-0000a3d0: 6520 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f72 6967 696e e and the.origin\n-0000a3e0: 204c 562e 2046 6f72 2074 6865 206f 7468 LV. For the oth\n-0000a3f0: 6572 2063 6163 6865 206d 6f64 6520 2277 er cache mode \"w\n-0000a400: 7269 7465 6261 636b 222c 2077 6869 6368 riteback\", which\n-0000a410: 2064 656c 6179 7320 7772 6974 696e 670a delays writing.\n-0000a420: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2070 from the cache p\n-0000a430: 6f6f 6c20 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ool back to the \n-0000a440: 6f72 6967 696e 204c 5620 746f 2062 6f6f origin LV to boo\n-0000a450: 7374 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 st performance, \n-0000a460: 4752 5542 206d 6179 0a66 6169 6c20 746f GRUB may.fail to\n-0000a470: 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2077 616b boot in the wak\n-0000a480: 6520 6f66 2061 6363 6964 656e 7461 6c20 e of accidental \n-0000a490: 706f 7765 7220 6f75 7461 6765 2064 7565 power outage due\n-0000a4a0: 2074 6f20 6974 2773 0a69 6e61 6269 6c69 to it's.inabili\n-0000a4b0: 7479 2074 6f20 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 2074 ty to assemble t\n-0000a4c0: 6865 2063 6163 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 he cache device \n-0000a4d0: 666f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 for reading the \n-0000a4e0: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2064 6972 7479 0a64 required dirty.d\n-0000a4f0: 6174 6120 6c65 6674 2062 6568 696e 642e ata left behind.\n-0000a500: 2020 5468 6520 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e20 The situation \n-0000a510: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 will be improved\n-0000a520: 2061 6674 6572 2061 6464 696e 6720 6675 after adding fu\n-0000a530: 6c6c 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 ll.support to th\n-0000a540: 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 e LVM cache logi\n-0000a550: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 cal volume in th\n-0000a560: 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e future.....Fil\n-0000a570: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0000a580: 6f64 653a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 ode: OS-specific\n-0000a590: 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c notes, Prev: L\n-0000a5a0: 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 VM cache booting\n-0000a5b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a , Up: Booting..\n-0000a5c0: 352e 3420 536f 6d65 2063 6176 6561 7473 5.4 Some caveats\n-0000a5d0: 206f 6e20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 on OS-specific \n-0000a5e0: 6973 7375 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d issues.=========\n+0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n+0000a140: 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 e LVM cache logi\n+0000a150: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 7320 7468 cal volume is th\n+0000a160: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n+0000a170: 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 consisting of t\n+0000a180: 6865 0a6f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 he.original and \n+0000a190: 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 206c the cache pool l\n+0000a1a0: 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 ogical volume. \n+0000a1b0: 5468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2069 7320 The original is \n+0000a1c0: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 usually on.a lar\n+0000a1d0: 6765 7220 616e 6420 736c 6f77 6572 2073 ger and slower s\n+0000a1e0: 746f 7261 6765 2064 6576 6963 6520 7768 torage device wh\n+0000a1f0: 696c 6520 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f ile the cache po\n+0000a200: 6f6c 2069 7320 6f6e 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c ol is on a small\n+0000a210: 6572 0a61 6e64 2066 6173 7465 7220 6f6e er.and faster on\n+0000a220: 652e 2020 5468 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 e. The performa\n+0000a230: 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 nce of the origi\n+0000a240: 6e61 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 616e 2062 nal volume can b\n+0000a250: 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 0a62 7920 7374 e improved.by st\n+0000a260: 6f72 696e 6720 7468 6520 6672 6571 7565 oring the freque\n+0000a270: 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6461 7461 206f ntly used data o\n+0000a280: 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c n the cache pool\n+0000a290: 2074 6f20 7574 696c 697a 6520 7468 650a to utilize the.\n+0000a2a0: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 greater performa\n+0000a2b0: 6e63 6520 6f66 2066 6173 7465 7220 6465 nce of faster de\n+0000a2c0: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2062 vice... GRUB b\n+0000a2d0: 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 oots from LVM ca\n+0000a2e0: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n+0000a2f0: 6d65 206d 6572 656c 7920 6279 2072 6561 me merely by rea\n+0000a300: 6469 6e67 2069 7427 730a 6f72 6967 696e ding it's.origin\n+0000a310: 616c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d al logical volum\n+0000a320: 6520 736f 2074 6861 7420 6469 7274 7920 e so that dirty \n+0000a330: 6461 7461 2069 6e20 6361 6368 6520 706f data in cache po\n+0000a340: 6f6c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6973 0a64 6973 ol volume is.dis\n+0000a350: 7265 6761 7264 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 regarded. This \n+0000a360: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d is not a problem\n+0000a370: 2066 6f72 2022 7772 6974 6574 6872 6f75 for \"writethrou\n+0000a380: 6768 2220 6361 6368 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 gh\" cache mode a\n+0000a390: 7320 6974 0a65 6e73 7572 6573 2074 6861 s it.ensures tha\n+0000a3a0: 7420 616e 7920 6461 7461 2077 7269 7474 t any data writt\n+0000a3b0: 656e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 746f 7265 en will be store\n+0000a3c0: 6420 626f 7468 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 d both on the ca\n+0000a3d0: 6368 6520 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f72 6967 che and the.orig\n+0000a3e0: 696e 204c 562e 2046 6f72 2074 6865 206f in LV. For the o\n+0000a3f0: 7468 6572 2063 6163 6865 206d 6f64 6520 ther cache mode \n+0000a400: 2277 7269 7465 6261 636b 222c 2077 6869 \"writeback\", whi\n+0000a410: 6368 2064 656c 6179 7320 7772 6974 696e ch delays writin\n+0000a420: 670a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 g.from the cache\n+0000a430: 2070 6f6f 6c20 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 pool back to th\n+0000a440: 6520 6f72 6967 696e 204c 5620 746f 2062 e origin LV to b\n+0000a450: 6f6f 7374 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 oost performance\n+0000a460: 2c20 4752 5542 206d 6179 0a66 6169 6c20 , GRUB may.fail \n+0000a470: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2077 to boot in the w\n+0000a480: 616b 6520 6f66 2061 6363 6964 656e 7461 ake of accidenta\n+0000a490: 6c20 706f 7765 7220 6f75 7461 6765 2064 l power outage d\n+0000a4a0: 7565 2074 6f20 6974 2773 0a69 6e61 6269 ue to it's.inabi\n+0000a4b0: 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 lity to assemble\n+0000a4c0: 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2064 6576 6963 the cache devic\n+0000a4d0: 6520 666f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 7468 e for reading th\n+0000a4e0: 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2064 6972 7479 e required dirty\n+0000a4f0: 0a64 6174 6120 6c65 6674 2062 6568 696e .data left behin\n+0000a500: 642e 2020 5468 6520 7369 7475 6174 696f d. The situatio\n+0000a510: 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 n will be improv\n+0000a520: 6564 2061 6674 6572 2061 6464 696e 6720 ed after adding \n+0000a530: 6675 6c6c 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2074 6f20 full.support to \n+0000a540: 7468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f the LVM cache lo\n+0000a550: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 6e20 gical volume in \n+0000a560: 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 the future.....F\n+0000a570: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0000a580: 204e 6f64 653a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Node: OS-specif\n+0000a590: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a ic notes, Prev:\n+0000a5a0: 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 LVM cache booti\n+0000a5b0: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 ng, Up: Booting\n+0000a5c0: 0a0a 352e 3420 536f 6d65 2063 6176 6561 ..5.4 Some cavea\n+0000a5d0: 7473 206f 6e20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 ts on OS-specifi\n+0000a5e0: 6320 6973 7375 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d c issues.=======\n 0000a5f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 =============..H\n-0000a610: 6572 652c 2077 6520 6465 7363 7269 6265 ere, we describe\n-0000a620: 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7665 6174 7320 6f6e some caveats on\n-0000a630: 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 several operati\n-0000a640: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a2a 204d ng systems...* M\n-0000a650: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 552f 4875 7264 enu:..* GNU/Hurd\n-0000a660: 3a3a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a ::.* GNU/Linux::\n-0000a670: 0a2a 204e 6574 4253 443a 3a0a 2a20 444f .* NetBSD::.* DO\n-0000a680: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 S/Windows::....F\n-0000a690: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0000a6a0: 204e 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c Node: GNU/Hurd,\n-0000a6b0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 Next: GNU/Linu\n-0000a6c0: 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 x, Up: OS-speci\n-0000a6d0: 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e31 fic notes..5.4.1\n-0000a6e0: 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d GNU/Hurd.------\n-0000a6f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5369 6e63 6520 --------..Since \n-0000a700: 474e 552f 4875 7264 2069 7320 4d75 6c74 GNU/Hurd is Mult\n-0000a710: 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 742c iboot-compliant,\n-0000a720: 2069 7420 6973 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 it is easy to b\n-0000a730: 6f6f 7420 6974 3b20 7468 6572 6520 6973 oot it; there is\n-0000a740: 0a6e 6f74 6869 6e67 2073 7065 6369 616c .nothing special\n-0000a750: 2061 626f 7574 2069 742e 2020 4275 7420 about it. But \n-0000a760: 646f 206e 6f74 2066 6f72 6765 7420 7468 do not forget th\n-0000a770: 6174 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 2073 at you have to s\n-0000a780: 7065 6369 6679 2061 0a72 6f6f 7420 7061 pecify a.root pa\n-0000a790: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206b rtition to the k\n-0000a7a0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 ernel... 1. Set\n-0000a7b0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 GRUB's root dev\n-0000a7c0: 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 ice to the same \n-0000a7d0: 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 drive as GNU/Hur\n-0000a7e0: 6427 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2063 d's. The. c\n-0000a7f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 ommand ...search\n-0000a800: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 --set=root --fi\n-0000a810: 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 le /boot/gnumach\n-0000a820: 2e67 7ae2 8099 206f 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 .gz... or simila\n-0000a830: 7220 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2068 656c 7020 r may. help \n-0000a840: 796f 7520 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 you (*note searc\n-0000a850: 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 h::)... 2. Load\n-0000a860: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 the kernel and \n-0000a870: 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 206c 696b the modules, lik\n-0000a880: 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e this:.. \n-0000a890: 2020 2067 7275 623e 206d 756c 7469 626f grub> multibo\n-0000a8a0: 6f74 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 ot /boot/gnumach\n-0000a8b0: 2e67 7a20 726f 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 653a .gz root=device:\n-0000a8c0: 6864 3073 310a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hd0s1. \n-0000a8d0: 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 2f68 grub> module /h\n-0000a8e0: 7572 642f 6578 7432 6673 2e73 7461 7469 urd/ext2fs.stati\n-0000a8f0: 6320 6578 7432 6673 202d 2d72 6561 646f c ext2fs --reado\n-0000a900: 6e6c 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nly \\. \n+0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+0000a610: 0a48 6572 652c 2077 6520 6465 7363 7269 .Here, we descri\n+0000a620: 6265 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7665 6174 7320 be some caveats \n+0000a630: 6f6e 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7065 7261 on several opera\n+0000a640: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a2a ting systems...*\n+0000a650: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 552f 4875 Menu:..* GNU/Hu\n+0000a660: 7264 3a3a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 rd::.* GNU/Linux\n+0000a670: 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 4253 443a 3a0a 2a20 ::.* NetBSD::.* \n+0000a680: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a0a 0a1f DOS/Windows::...\n+0000a690: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0000a6a0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 , Node: GNU/Hur\n+0000a6b0: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 d, Next: GNU/Li\n+0000a6c0: 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 nux, Up: OS-spe\n+0000a6d0: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 cific notes..5.4\n+0000a6e0: 2e31 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 640a 2d2d 2d2d .1 GNU/Hurd.----\n+0000a6f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5369 6e63 ----------..Sinc\n+0000a700: 6520 474e 552f 4875 7264 2069 7320 4d75 e GNU/Hurd is Mu\n+0000a710: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e ltiboot-complian\n+0000a720: 742c 2069 7420 6973 2065 6173 7920 746f t, it is easy to\n+0000a730: 2062 6f6f 7420 6974 3b20 7468 6572 6520 boot it; there \n+0000a740: 6973 0a6e 6f74 6869 6e67 2073 7065 6369 is.nothing speci\n+0000a750: 616c 2061 626f 7574 2069 742e 2020 4275 al about it. Bu\n+0000a760: 7420 646f 206e 6f74 2066 6f72 6765 7420 t do not forget \n+0000a770: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f that you have to\n+0000a780: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 0a72 6f6f 7420 specify a.root \n+0000a790: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 partition to the\n+0000a7a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 kernel... 1. S\n+0000a7b0: 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 et GRUB's root d\n+0000a7c0: 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d evice to the sam\n+0000a7d0: 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f48 e drive as GNU/H\n+0000a7e0: 7572 6427 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 urd's. The. \n+0000a7f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 command ...sear\n+0000a800: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n+0000a810: 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 file /boot/gnuma\n+0000a820: 6368 2e67 7ae2 8099 206f 7220 7369 6d69 ch.gz... or simi\n+0000a830: 6c61 7220 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2068 656c lar may. hel\n+0000a840: 7020 796f 7520 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 p you (*note sea\n+0000a850: 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f rch::)... 2. Lo\n+0000a860: 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e ad the kernel an\n+0000a870: 6420 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 206c d the modules, l\n+0000a880: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n+0000a890: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206d 756c 7469 grub> multi\n+0000a8a0: 626f 6f74 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 boot /boot/gnuma\n+0000a8b0: 6368 2e67 7a20 726f 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 ch.gz root=devic\n+0000a8c0: 653a 6864 3073 310a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:hd0s1. \n+0000a8d0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 grub> module \n+0000a8e0: 2f68 7572 642f 6578 7432 6673 2e73 7461 /hurd/ext2fs.sta\n+0000a8f0: 7469 6320 6578 7432 6673 202d 2d72 6561 tic ext2fs --rea\n+0000a900: 646f 6e6c 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 donly \\. \n 0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a920: 2020 202d 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 --multiboot-c\n-0000a930: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 7b6b ommand-line='${k\n-0000a940: 6572 6e65 6c2d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 ernel-command-li\n-0000a950: 6e65 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ne}' \\. \n+0000a920: 2020 2020 202d 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 --multiboot\n+0000a930: 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 -command-line='$\n+0000a940: 7b6b 6572 6e65 6c2d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d {kernel-command-\n+0000a950: 6c69 6e65 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 line}' \\. \n 0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a970: 2020 2020 2d2d 686f 7374 2d70 7269 762d --host-priv-\n-0000a980: 706f 7274 3d27 247b 686f 7374 2d70 6f72 port='${host-por\n-0000a990: 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t}' \\. \n+0000a970: 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 686f 7374 2d70 7269 --host-pri\n+0000a980: 762d 706f 7274 3d27 247b 686f 7374 2d70 v-port='${host-p\n+0000a990: 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ort}' \\. \n 0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9b0: 2020 202d 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 7374 --device-mast\n-0000a9c0: 6572 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 7b64 6576 6963 er-port='${devic\n-0000a9d0: 652d 706f 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 e-port}' \\. \n+0000a9b0: 2020 2020 202d 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 --device-ma\n+0000a9c0: 7374 6572 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 7b64 6576 ster-port='${dev\n+0000a9d0: 6963 652d 706f 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 ice-port}' \\. \n 0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 2d73 --exec-s\n-0000aa00: 6572 7665 722d 7461 736b 3d27 247b 6578 erver-task='${ex\n-0000aa10: 6563 2d74 6173 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 7970 ec-task}' -T typ\n-0000aa20: 6564 2027 247b 726f 6f74 7d27 205c 0a20 ed '${root}' \\. \n-0000aa30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2724 2874 '$(t\n-0000aa50: 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 2027 2428 ask-create)' '$(\n-0000aa60: 7461 736b 2d72 6573 756d 6529 270a 2020 task-resume)'. \n-0000aa70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f grub> mo\n-0000aa80: 6475 6c65 202f 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 6f2e dule /lib/ld.so.\n-0000aa90: 3120 6578 6563 202f 6875 7264 2f65 7865 1 exec /hurd/exe\n-0000aaa0: 6320 2724 2865 7865 632d 7461 736b 3d74 c '$(exec-task=t\n-0000aab0: 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 0a0a 2020 ask-create)'.. \n-0000aac0: 332e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 3. Finally, run \n-0000aad0: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 the command ...b\n-0000aae0: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f oot... (*note bo\n-0000aaf0: 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ot::).....File: \n-0000ab00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0000ab10: 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 : GNU/Linux, Ne\n-0000ab20: 7874 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2050 7265 xt: NetBSD, Pre\n-0000ab30: 763a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 5570 v: GNU/Hurd, Up\n-0000ab40: 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f : OS-specific no\n-0000ab50: 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 2f4c tes..5.4.2 GNU/L\n-0000ab60: 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d inux.-----------\n-0000ab70: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 7265 6c61 ----..It is rela\n-0000ab80: 7469 7665 6c79 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 tively easy to b\n-0000ab90: 6f6f 7420 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6672 oot GNU/Linux fr\n-0000aba0: 6f6d 2047 5255 422c 2062 6563 6175 7365 om GRUB, because\n-0000abb0: 2069 7420 736f 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 6573 it somewhat.res\n-0000abc0: 656d 626c 6573 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2061 embles to boot a\n-0000abd0: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c Multiboot-compl\n-0000abe0: 6961 6e74 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 iant OS... 1. S\n-0000abf0: 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 et GRUB's root d\n-0000ac00: 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d evice to the sam\n-0000ac10: 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f4c e drive as GNU/L\n-0000ac20: 696e 7578 2773 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 inux's. The. \n-0000ac30: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 command ...sea\n-0000ac40: 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d rch --set=root -\n-0000ac50: 2d66 696c 6520 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a e280 -file /vmlinuz..\n-0000ac60: 9920 6f72 2073 696d 696c 6172 206d 6179 . or similar may\n-0000ac70: 2068 656c 7020 796f 750a 2020 2020 2028 help you. (\n-0000ac80: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e *note search::).\n-0000ac90: 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 .. 2. Load the \n-0000aca0: 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 kernel using the\n-0000acb0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 command ...linu\n-0000acc0: 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 x... (*note linu\n-0000acd0: 783a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 x::):.. \n-0000ace0: 2067 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f 766d grub> linux /vm\n-0000acf0: 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f linuz root=/dev/\n-0000ad00: 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f sda1.. If yo\n-0000ad10: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 u need to specif\n-0000ad20: 7920 736f 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 y some kernel pa\n-0000ad30: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 2061 rameters, just a\n-0000ad40: 7070 656e 6420 7468 656d 2074 6f0a 2020 ppend them to. \n-0000ad50: 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 the command. \n-0000ad60: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f For example, to\n-0000ad70: 2073 6574 20e2 8098 6163 7069 e280 9920 set ...acpi... \n-0000ad80: 746f 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 646f to ...off..., do\n-0000ad90: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n-0000ada0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 grub> linux /v\n-0000adb0: 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 mlinuz root=/dev\n-0000adc0: 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a /sda1 acpi=off..\n-0000add0: 2020 2020 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 See the doc\n-0000ade0: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 umentation in th\n-0000adf0: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 736f 7572 6365 2074 e Linux source t\n-0000ae00: 7265 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 ree for complete\n-0000ae10: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n-0000ae20: 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 n on the availab\n-0000ae30: 6c65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 le options... \n-0000ae40: 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 With ...linux.\n-0000ae50: 8099 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2033 322d .. GRUB uses 32-\n-0000ae60: 6269 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2053 bit protocol. S\n-0000ae70: 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 2073 6572 7669 6365 ome BIOS service\n-0000ae80: 7320 6c69 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 4150 4d20 s like. APM \n-0000ae90: 6f72 2045 4444 2061 7265 6e27 7420 6176 or EDD aren't av\n-0000aea0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 6869 ailable with thi\n-0000aeb0: 7320 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6e20 s protocol. In \n-0000aec0: 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 796f 750a 2020 this case you. \n-0000aed0: 2020 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 need to use .\n-0000aee0: 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a 2020 ..linux16..... \n-0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 grub> li\n-0000af00: 6e75 7831 3620 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 nux16 /vmlinuz r\n-0000af10: 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 oot=/dev/sda1 ac\n-0000af20: 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 pi=off.. 3. If \n-0000af30: 796f 7520 7573 6520 616e 2069 6e69 7472 you use an initr\n-0000af40: 642c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2063 d, execute the c\n-0000af50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 ommand ...initrd\n-0000af60: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 ... (*note initr\n-0000af70: 643a 3a29 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 d::). after \n-0000af80: e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 ...linux...:.. \n-0000af90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e grub> in\n-0000afa0: 6974 7264 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 itrd /initrd.. \n-0000afb0: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6564 20e2 If you used .\n-0000afc0: 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 2079 6f75 ..linux16... you\n-0000afd0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 need to use ...\n-0000afe0: 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 initrd16...:.. \n-0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e grub> in\n-0000b000: 6974 7264 3136 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a itrd16 /initrd..\n-0000b010: 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 4. Finally, ru\n-0000b020: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 n the command ..\n-0000b030: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .boot... (*note \n-0000b040: 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 boot::).....File\n-0000b050: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0000b060: 6465 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 204e 6578 de: NetBSD, Nex\n-0000b070: 743a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 2c20 t: DOS/Windows, \n-0000b080: 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 Prev: GNU/Linux\n-0000b090: 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 , Up: OS-specif\n-0000b0a0: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3320 ic notes..5.4.3 \n-0000b0b0: 4e65 7442 5344 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d NetBSD.---------\n-0000b0c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 204e ---..Booting a N\n-0000b0d0: 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2066 726f etBSD kernel fro\n-0000b0e0: 6d20 4752 5542 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 m GRUB is also r\n-0000b0f0: 656c 6174 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 3a20 elatively easy: \n-0000b100: 6669 7273 7420 7365 740a 4752 5542 2773 first set.GRUB's\n-0000b110: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2c20 7468 root device, th\n-0000b120: 656e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e en load the kern\n-0000b130: 656c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c el and the modul\n-0000b140: 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a es, and finally.\n-0000b150: 7275 6e20 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a run ...boot.....\n-0000b160: 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 . 1. Set GRUB's\n-0000b170: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 root device to \n-0000b180: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 686f the partition ho\n-0000b190: 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 4e65 7442 5344 lding the NetBSD\n-0000b1a0: 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 root. file \n-0000b1b0: 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 2064 system. For a d\n-0000b1c0: 6973 6b20 7769 7468 2061 204e 6574 4253 isk with a NetBS\n-0000b1d0: 4420 6469 736b 206c 6162 656c 2c20 7468 D disk label, th\n-0000b1e0: 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 is is usually. \n-0000b1f0: 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 the first par\n-0000b200: 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 613a 292e 2020 496e tition (a:). In\n-0000b210: 2074 6861 7420 6361 7365 2c20 616e 6420 that case, and \n-0000b220: 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 assuming that th\n-0000b230: 650a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e e. partition\n-0000b240: 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 is on the first\n-0000b250: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 hard disk, set \n-0000b260: 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 GRUB's root devi\n-0000b270: 6365 2061 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f ce as. follo\n-0000b280: 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 ws:.. g\n-0000b290: 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 rub> insmod part\n-0000b2a0: 5f62 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 _bsd. g\n-0000b2b0: 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 rub> set root=(h\n-0000b2c0: 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a 0a20 2020 d0,netbsd1).. \n-0000b2d0: 2020 466f 7220 6120 6469 736b 2077 6974 For a disk wit\n-0000b2e0: 6820 6120 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 h a GUID Partiti\n-0000b2f0: 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2c20 on Table (GPT), \n-0000b300: 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 and assuming tha\n-0000b310: 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 204e 6574 4253 t the. NetBS\n-0000b320: 4420 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e D root partition\n-0000b330: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 4750 is the third GP\n-0000b340: 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 6f20 T partition, do \n-0000b350: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n-0000b360: 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 grub> insmod pa\n-0000b370: 7274 5f67 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt_gpt. \n-0000b380: 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d grub> set root=\n-0000b390: 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 322e (hd0,gpt3).. 2.\n-0000b3a0: 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c Load the kernel\n-0000b3b0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 using the comma\n-0000b3c0: 6e64 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 nd ...knetbsd...\n-0000b3d0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-0000b3e0: 623e 206b 6e65 7462 7364 202f 6e65 7462 b> knetbsd /netb\n-0000b3f0: 7364 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 6172 696f 7573 sd.. Various\n-0000b400: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 options may be \n-0000b410: 6769 7665 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 given to ...knet\n-0000b420: 6273 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f bsd.... These o\n-0000b430: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2c20 666f 720a ptions are, for.\n-0000b440: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7061 the most pa\n-0000b450: 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 rt, the same as \n-0000b460: 696e 2074 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 626f in the NetBSD bo\n-0000b470: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 466f 720a ot loader. For.\n-0000b480: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2074 instance, t\n-0000b490: 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 o boot the syste\n-0000b4a0: 6d20 696e 2073 696e 676c 652d 7573 6572 m in single-user\n-0000b4b0: 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 7769 7468 2076 mode and with v\n-0000b4c0: 6572 626f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 7373 erbose. mess\n-0000b4d0: 6167 6573 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a ages, do this:..\n-0000b4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n-0000b4f0: 6b6e 6574 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 6420 knetbsd /netbsd \n-0000b500: 2d73 202d 760a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 206e -s -v.. 3. If n\n-0000b510: 6565 6465 642c 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e eeded, load kern\n-0000b520: 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2077 6974 6820 el modules with \n-0000b530: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 the command. \n-0000b540: 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 ...knetbsd_modu\n-0000b550: 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 992e 2020 4120 7479 le_elf.... A ty\n-0000b560: 7069 6361 6c20 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 pical example is\n-0000b570: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 the module for \n-0000b580: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 the root. fi\n-0000b590: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 2020 le system:.. \n-0000b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 grub> knet\n-0000b5b0: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f bsd_module_elf /\n-0000b5c0: 7374 616e 642f 616d 6436 342f 362e 302f stand/amd64/6.0/\n-0000b5d0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732f 6666 732f 6666 732e modules/ffs/ffs.\n-0000b5e0: 6b6d 6f64 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c kmod.. 4. Final\n-0000b5f0: 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d ly, run the comm\n-0000b600: 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 and ...boot... (\n-0000b610: 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a *note boot::)...\n-0000b620: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0000b630: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f 532f 5769 o, Node: DOS/Wi\n-0000b640: 6e64 6f77 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 ndows, Prev: Ne\n-0000b650: 7442 5344 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 tBSD, Up: OS-sp\n-0000b660: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e ecific notes..5.\n-0000b670: 342e 3420 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 730a 4.4 DOS/Windows.\n-0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000b690: 2d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 -..GRUB cannot b\n-0000b6a0: 6f6f 7420 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f oot DOS or Windo\n-0000b6b0: 7773 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2073 6f20 ws directly, so \n-0000b6c0: 796f 7520 6d75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c you must chain-l\n-0000b6d0: 6f61 6420 7468 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 oad them.(*note \n-0000b6e0: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 Chain-loading::)\n-0000b6f0: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6569 . However, thei\n-0000b700: 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2068 r boot loaders h\n-0000b710: 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2063 7269 7469 6361 ave some critica\n-0000b720: 6c0a 6465 6669 6369 656e 6369 6573 2c20 l.deficiencies, \n-0000b730: 736f 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 776f so it may not wo\n-0000b740: 726b 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2063 6861 696e rk to just chain\n-0000b750: 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 -load them. To \n-0000b760: 6f76 6572 636f 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 726f overcome.the pro\n-0000b770: 626c 656d 732c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 blems, GRUB prov\n-0000b780: 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 7477 ides you with tw\n-0000b790: 6f20 6865 6c70 6572 2066 756e 6374 696f o helper functio\n-0000b7a0: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 ns... If you h\n-0000b7b0: 6176 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f ave installed DO\n-0000b7c0: 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f S (or Windows) o\n-0000b7d0: 6e20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6861 n a non-first ha\n-0000b7e0: 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 6176 rd disk, you.hav\n-0000b7f0: 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6973 e to use the dis\n-0000b800: 6b20 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2074 6563 686e k swapping techn\n-0000b810: 6971 7565 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 ique, because th\n-0000b820: 6174 204f 5320 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f at OS cannot boo\n-0000b830: 740a 6672 6f6d 2061 6e79 2064 6973 6b73 t.from any disks\n-0000b840: 2062 7574 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206f but the first o\n-0000b850: 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 726f ne. The workaro\n-0000b860: 756e 6420 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 und used in GRUB\n-0000b870: 2069 7320 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 is the.command \n-0000b880: e280 9864 7269 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 ...drivemap... (\n-0000b890: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a *note drivemap::\n-0000b8a0: 292c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 ), like this:.. \n-0000b8b0: 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 drivemap -s \n-0000b8c0: 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 (hd0) (hd1).. \n-0000b8d0: 5468 6973 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 This performs a \n-0000b8e0: e280 9c76 6972 7475 616c e280 9d20 7377 ...virtual... sw\n-0000b8f0: 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2079 6f75 7220 ap between your \n-0000b900: 6669 7273 7420 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 first and second\n-0000b910: 2068 6172 640a 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 hard.drive... \n-0000b920: 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 6973 *Caution:* This\n-0000b930: 2069 7320 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 6f6e is effective on\n-0000b940: 6c79 2069 6620 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 ly if DOS (or Wi\n-0000b950: 6e64 6f77 7329 2075 7365 7320 4249 4f53 ndows) uses BIOS\n-0000b960: 2074 6f0a 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 2073 to.access the s\n-0000b970: 7761 7070 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 2049 wapped disks. I\n-0000b980: 6620 7468 6174 204f 5320 7573 6573 2061 f that OS uses a\n-0000b990: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 7220 special driver \n-0000b9a0: 666f 7220 7468 650a 6469 736b 732c 2074 for the.disks, t\n-0000b9b0: 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 6f6e his probably won\n-0000b9c0: 2774 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e6f 't work... Ano\n-0000b9d0: 7468 6572 2070 726f 626c 656d 2061 7269 ther problem ari\n-0000b9e0: 7365 7320 6966 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 7461 ses if you insta\n-0000b9f0: 6c6c 6564 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f lled more than o\n-0000ba00: 6e65 2073 6574 206f 660a 444f 532f 5769 ne set of.DOS/Wi\n-0000ba10: 6e64 6f77 7320 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 2064 ndows onto one d\n-0000ba20: 6973 6b2c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 isk, because the\n-0000ba30: 7920 636f 756c 6420 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 y could be confu\n-0000ba40: 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 sed if there are\n-0000ba50: 0a6d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2070 .more than one p\n-0000ba60: 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e rimary partition\n-0000ba70: 7320 666f 7220 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 s for DOS/Window\n-0000ba80: 732e 2020 4365 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 796f s. Certainly yo\n-0000ba90: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 2064 u should.avoid d\n-0000baa0: 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2074 oing this, but t\n-0000bab0: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 736f 6c75 7469 here is a soluti\n-0000bac0: 6f6e 2069 6620 796f 7520 646f 2077 616e on if you do wan\n-0000bad0: 7420 746f 2064 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 7365 t to do so. Use\n-0000bae0: 0a74 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 .the partition h\n-0000baf0: 6964 696e 672f 756e 6869 6469 6e67 2074 iding/unhiding t\n-0000bb00: 6563 686e 6971 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 echnique... If\n-0000bb10: 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c68 6964 6573 e280 GRUB ...hides..\n-0000bb20: 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 . a DOS (or Wind\n-0000bb30: 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 ows) partition (\n-0000bb40: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a *note parttool::\n-0000bb50: 292c 2044 4f53 0a28 6f72 2057 696e 646f ), DOS.(or Windo\n-0000bb60: 7773 2920 7769 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6520 ws) will ignore \n-0000bb70: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 the partition. \n-0000bb80: 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 6964 If GRUB ...unhid\n-0000bb90: 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 720a es... a DOS (or.\n-0000bba0: 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 Windows) partiti\n-0000bbb0: 6f6e 2c20 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 on, DOS (or Wind\n-0000bbc0: 6f77 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 ows) will detect\n-0000bbd0: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 the partition. \n-0000bbe0: 2054 6875 732c 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6861 Thus,.if you ha\n-0000bbf0: 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 ve installed DOS\n-0000bc00: 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 6f6e (or Windows) on\n-0000bc10: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 2074 the first and t\n-0000bc20: 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 6974 he second.partit\n-0000bc30: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ion of the first\n-0000bc40: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 616e 6420 hard disk, and \n-0000bc50: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 you want to boot\n-0000bc60: 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 the copy on the\n-0000bc70: 0a66 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e .first partition\n-0000bc80: 2c20 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 , do the followi\n-0000bc90: 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f ng:.. partto\n-0000bca0: 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3129 2068 6964 6465 ol (hd0,1) hidde\n-0000bcb0: 6e2d 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c n-. parttool\n-0000bcc0: 2028 6864 302c 3229 2068 6964 6465 6e2b (hd0,2) hidden+\n-0000bcd0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 . set root=(\n-0000bce0: 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6169 hd0,1). chai\n-0000bcf0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 nloader +1. \n-0000bd00: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d parttool ${root}\n-0000bd10: 2062 6f6f 742b 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 boot+. boot\n-0000bd20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0000bd30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 nfo, Node: Conf\n-0000bd40: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 iguration, Next\n-0000bd50: 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 : Theme file for\n-0000bd60: 6d61 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 426f 6f74 mat, Prev: Boot\n-0000bd70: 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a36 ing, Up: Top..6\n-0000bd80: 2057 7269 7469 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 Writing your ow\n-0000bd90: 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 n configuration \n-0000bda0: 6669 6c65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a file.***********\n+0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 --exec\n+0000aa00: 2d73 6572 7665 722d 7461 736b 3d27 247b -server-task='${\n+0000aa10: 6578 6563 2d74 6173 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 exec-task}' -T t\n+0000aa20: 7970 6564 2027 247b 726f 6f74 7d27 205c yped '${root}' \\\n+0000aa30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2724 '$\n+0000aa50: 2874 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 2027 (task-create)' '\n+0000aa60: 2428 7461 736b 2d72 6573 756d 6529 270a $(task-resume)'.\n+0000aa70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0000aa80: 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 module /lib/ld.s\n+0000aa90: 6f2e 3120 6578 6563 202f 6875 7264 2f65 o.1 exec /hurd/e\n+0000aaa0: 7865 6320 2724 2865 7865 632d 7461 736b xec '$(exec-task\n+0000aab0: 3d74 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 0a0a =task-create)'..\n+0000aac0: 2020 332e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 3. Finally, ru\n+0000aad0: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 n the command ..\n+0000aae0: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .boot... (*note \n+0000aaf0: 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 boot::).....File\n+0000ab00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0000ab10: 6465 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 de: GNU/Linux, \n+0000ab20: 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2050 Next: NetBSD, P\n+0000ab30: 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 rev: GNU/Hurd, \n+0000ab40: 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 Up: OS-specific \n+0000ab50: 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 notes..5.4.2 GNU\n+0000ab60: 2f4c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d /Linux.---------\n+0000ab70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 7265 ------..It is re\n+0000ab80: 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2065 6173 7920 746f latively easy to\n+0000ab90: 2062 6f6f 7420 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 boot GNU/Linux \n+0000aba0: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422c 2062 6563 6175 from GRUB, becau\n+0000abb0: 7365 2069 7420 736f 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 se it somewhat.r\n+0000abc0: 6573 656d 626c 6573 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 esembles to boot\n+0000abd0: 2061 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d a Multiboot-com\n+0000abe0: 706c 6961 6e74 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 312e pliant OS... 1.\n+0000abf0: 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 Set GRUB's root\n+0000ac00: 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 device to the s\n+0000ac10: 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 ame drive as GNU\n+0000ac20: 2f4c 696e 7578 2773 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 /Linux's. The. \n+0000ac30: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 command ...s\n+0000ac40: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 earch --set=root\n+0000ac50: 202d 2d66 696c 6520 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a --file /vmlinuz\n+0000ac60: e280 9920 6f72 2073 696d 696c 6172 206d ... or similar m\n+0000ac70: 6179 2068 656c 7020 796f 750a 2020 2020 ay help you. \n+0000ac80: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a (*note search::\n+0000ac90: 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 )... 2. Load th\n+0000aca0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 e kernel using t\n+0000acb0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 he command ...li\n+0000acc0: 6e75 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 nux... (*note li\n+0000acd0: 6e75 783a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 nux::):.. \n+0000ace0: 2020 2067 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f grub> linux /\n+0000acf0: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 vmlinuz root=/de\n+0000ad00: 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 v/sda1.. If \n+0000ad10: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 you need to spec\n+0000ad20: 6966 7920 736f 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ify some kernel \n+0000ad30: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 parameters, just\n+0000ad40: 2061 7070 656e 6420 7468 656d 2074 6f0a append them to.\n+0000ad50: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the command\n+0000ad60: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 . For example, \n+0000ad70: 746f 2073 6574 20e2 8098 6163 7069 e280 to set ...acpi..\n+0000ad80: 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 . to ...off..., \n+0000ad90: 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 do this:.. \n+0000ada0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 grub> linux \n+0000adb0: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 /vmlinuz root=/d\n+0000adc0: 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 ev/sda1 acpi=off\n+0000add0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 .. See the d\n+0000ade0: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 ocumentation in \n+0000adf0: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 736f 7572 6365 the Linux source\n+0000ae00: 2074 7265 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 tree for comple\n+0000ae10: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 te. informat\n+0000ae20: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c ion on the avail\n+0000ae30: 6162 6c65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 able options... \n+0000ae40: 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 With ...linu\n+0000ae50: 78e2 8099 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2033 x... GRUB uses 3\n+0000ae60: 322d 6269 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2-bit protocol. \n+0000ae70: 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 2073 6572 7669 Some BIOS servi\n+0000ae80: 6365 7320 6c69 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 4150 ces like. AP\n+0000ae90: 4d20 6f72 2045 4444 2061 7265 6e27 7420 M or EDD aren't \n+0000aea0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 available with t\n+0000aeb0: 6869 7320 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 his protocol. I\n+0000aec0: 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 796f 750a n this case you.\n+0000aed0: 2020 2020 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 need to use\n+0000aee0: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a ...linux16.....\n+0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0000af00: 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a linux16 /vmlinuz\n+0000af10: 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 root=/dev/sda1 \n+0000af20: 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 acpi=off.. 3. I\n+0000af30: 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 616e 2069 6e69 f you use an ini\n+0000af40: 7472 642c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 trd, execute the\n+0000af50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 696e 6974 command ...init\n+0000af60: 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 rd... (*note ini\n+0000af70: 7472 643a 3a29 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 trd::). afte\n+0000af80: 7220 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 993a 0a0a r ...linux...:..\n+0000af90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0000afa0: 696e 6974 7264 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a initrd /initrd..\n+0000afb0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6564 If you used\n+0000afc0: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 2079 ...linux16... y\n+0000afd0: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 ou need to use .\n+0000afe0: 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 993a 0a0a ..initrd16...:..\n+0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0000b000: 696e 6974 7264 3136 202f 696e 6974 7264 initrd16 /initrd\n+0000b010: 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 .. 4. Finally, \n+0000b020: 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 run the command \n+0000b030: e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ...boot... (*not\n+0000b040: 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e boot::).....Fi\n+0000b050: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0000b060: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 204e Node: NetBSD, N\n+0000b070: 6578 743a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 ext: DOS/Windows\n+0000b080: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e , Prev: GNU/Lin\n+0000b090: 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 ux, Up: OS-spec\n+0000b0a0: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e ific notes..5.4.\n+0000b0b0: 3320 4e65 7442 5344 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 NetBSD.-------\n+0000b0c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 -----..Booting a\n+0000b0d0: 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2066 NetBSD kernel f\n+0000b0e0: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2069 7320 616c 736f rom GRUB is also\n+0000b0f0: 2072 656c 6174 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 relatively easy\n+0000b100: 3a20 6669 7273 7420 7365 740a 4752 5542 : first set.GRUB\n+0000b110: 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2c20 's root device, \n+0000b120: 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 then load the ke\n+0000b130: 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 rnel and the mod\n+0000b140: 756c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c ules, and finall\n+0000b150: 790a 7275 6e20 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 y.run ...boot...\n+0000b160: 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 ... 1. Set GRUB\n+0000b170: 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 's root device t\n+0000b180: 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 o the partition \n+0000b190: 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 4e65 7442 holding the NetB\n+0000b1a0: 5344 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c SD root. fil\n+0000b1b0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 e system. For a\n+0000b1c0: 2064 6973 6b20 7769 7468 2061 204e 6574 disk with a Net\n+0000b1d0: 4253 4420 6469 736b 206c 6162 656c 2c20 BSD disk label, \n+0000b1e0: 7468 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a this is usually.\n+0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 the first p\n+0000b200: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 613a 292e 2020 artition (a:). \n+0000b210: 496e 2074 6861 7420 6361 7365 2c20 616e In that case, an\n+0000b220: 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 d assuming that \n+0000b230: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 the. partiti\n+0000b240: 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 on is on the fir\n+0000b250: 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7365 st hard disk, se\n+0000b260: 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 t GRUB's root de\n+0000b270: 7669 6365 2061 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c vice as. fol\n+0000b280: 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lows:.. \n+0000b290: 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 grub> insmod pa\n+0000b2a0: 7274 5f62 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt_bsd. \n+0000b2b0: 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d grub> set root=\n+0000b2c0: 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a 0a20 (hd0,netbsd1).. \n+0000b2d0: 2020 2020 466f 7220 6120 6469 736b 2077 For a disk w\n+0000b2e0: 6974 6820 6120 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 ith a GUID Parti\n+0000b2f0: 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 tion Table (GPT)\n+0000b300: 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 , and assuming t\n+0000b310: 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 204e 6574 hat the. Net\n+0000b320: 4253 4420 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 BSD root partiti\n+0000b330: 6f6e 2069 7320 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 on is the third \n+0000b340: 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 GPT partition, d\n+0000b350: 6f20 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 o this:.. \n+0000b360: 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 grub> insmod \n+0000b370: 7061 7274 5f67 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 part_gpt. \n+0000b380: 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f grub> set roo\n+0000b390: 743d 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 t=(hd0,gpt3).. \n+0000b3a0: 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 2. Load the kern\n+0000b3b0: 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d el using the com\n+0000b3c0: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 mand ...knetbsd.\n+0000b3d0: 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 ..:.. g\n+0000b3e0: 7275 623e 206b 6e65 7462 7364 202f 6e65 rub> knetbsd /ne\n+0000b3f0: 7462 7364 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 6172 696f tbsd.. Vario\n+0000b400: 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 us options may b\n+0000b410: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e e given to ...kn\n+0000b420: 6574 6273 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 7365 etbsd.... These\n+0000b430: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2c20 666f options are, fo\n+0000b440: 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 r. the most \n+0000b450: 7061 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 part, the same a\n+0000b460: 7320 696e 2074 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 s in the NetBSD \n+0000b470: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 466f boot loader. Fo\n+0000b480: 720a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c r. instance,\n+0000b490: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2073 7973 to boot the sys\n+0000b4a0: 7465 6d20 696e 2073 696e 676c 652d 7573 tem in single-us\n+0000b4b0: 6572 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 7769 7468 er mode and with\n+0000b4c0: 2076 6572 626f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 verbose. me\n+0000b4d0: 7373 6167 6573 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a ssages, do this:\n+0000b4e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n+0000b4f0: 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 > knetbsd /netbs\n+0000b500: 6420 2d73 202d 760a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 d -s -v.. 3. If\n+0000b510: 206e 6565 6465 642c 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 needed, load ke\n+0000b520: 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2077 6974 rnel modules wit\n+0000b530: 6820 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 h the command. \n+0000b540: 2020 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f ...knetbsd_mo\n+0000b550: 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 992e 2020 4120 dule_elf.... A \n+0000b560: 7479 7069 6361 6c20 6578 616d 706c 6520 typical example \n+0000b570: 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f is the module fo\n+0000b580: 7220 7468 6520 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 r the root. \n+0000b590: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 file system:.. \n+0000b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e grub> kn\n+0000b5b0: 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 etbsd_module_elf\n+0000b5c0: 202f 7374 616e 642f 616d 6436 342f 362e /stand/amd64/6.\n+0000b5d0: 302f 6d6f 6475 6c65 732f 6666 732f 6666 0/modules/ffs/ff\n+0000b5e0: 732e 6b6d 6f64 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e s.kmod.. 4. Fin\n+0000b5f0: 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f ally, run the co\n+0000b600: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 mmand ...boot...\n+0000b610: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e (*note boot::).\n+0000b620: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0000b630: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f 532f nfo, Node: DOS/\n+0000b640: 5769 6e64 6f77 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 Windows, Prev: \n+0000b650: 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d NetBSD, Up: OS-\n+0000b660: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a specific notes..\n+0000b670: 352e 342e 3420 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 5.4.4 DOS/Window\n+0000b680: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+0000b690: 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 ---..GRUB cannot\n+0000b6a0: 2062 6f6f 7420 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e boot DOS or Win\n+0000b6b0: 646f 7773 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2073 dows directly, s\n+0000b6c0: 6f20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 2063 6861 696e o you must chain\n+0000b6d0: 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 -load them.(*not\n+0000b6e0: 6520 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a e Chain-loading:\n+0000b6f0: 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 :). However, th\n+0000b700: 6569 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 eir boot loaders\n+0000b710: 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2063 7269 7469 have some criti\n+0000b720: 6361 6c0a 6465 6669 6369 656e 6369 6573 cal.deficiencies\n+0000b730: 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 , so it may not \n+0000b740: 776f 726b 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2063 6861 work to just cha\n+0000b750: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2e20 2054 in-load them. T\n+0000b760: 6f20 6f76 6572 636f 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 o overcome.the p\n+0000b770: 726f 626c 656d 732c 2047 5255 4220 7072 roblems, GRUB pr\n+0000b780: 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 ovides you with \n+0000b790: 7477 6f20 6865 6c70 6572 2066 756e 6374 two helper funct\n+0000b7a0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ions... If you\n+0000b7b0: 2068 6176 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 have installed \n+0000b7c0: 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or Windows)\n+0000b7d0: 206f 6e20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 on a non-first \n+0000b7e0: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 hard disk, you.h\n+0000b7f0: 6176 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 ave to use the d\n+0000b800: 6973 6b20 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2074 6563 isk swapping tec\n+0000b810: 686e 6971 7565 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 hnique, because \n+0000b820: 7468 6174 204f 5320 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 that OS cannot b\n+0000b830: 6f6f 740a 6672 6f6d 2061 6e79 2064 6973 oot.from any dis\n+0000b840: 6b73 2062 7574 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ks but the first\n+0000b850: 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 one. The worka\n+0000b860: 726f 756e 6420 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 round used in GR\n+0000b870: 5542 2069 7320 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e UB is the.comman\n+0000b880: 6420 e280 9864 7269 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 d ...drivemap...\n+0000b890: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 (*note drivemap\n+0000b8a0: 3a3a 292c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a ::), like this:.\n+0000b8b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d . drivemap -\n+0000b8c0: 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 s (hd0) (hd1).. \n+0000b8d0: 2020 5468 6973 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 This performs \n+0000b8e0: 6120 e280 9c76 6972 7475 616c e280 9d20 a ...virtual... \n+0000b8f0: 7377 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2079 6f75 swap between you\n+0000b900: 7220 6669 7273 7420 616e 6420 7365 636f r first and seco\n+0000b910: 6e64 2068 6172 640a 6472 6976 652e 0a0a nd hard.drive...\n+0000b920: 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 *Caution:* Th\n+0000b930: 6973 2069 7320 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 is is effective \n+0000b940: 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 444f 5320 286f 7220 only if DOS (or \n+0000b950: 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2075 7365 7320 4249 Windows) uses BI\n+0000b960: 4f53 2074 6f0a 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 OS to.access the\n+0000b970: 2073 7761 7070 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 swapped disks. \n+0000b980: 2049 6620 7468 6174 204f 5320 7573 6573 If that OS uses\n+0000b990: 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 a special drive\n+0000b9a0: 7220 666f 7220 7468 650a 6469 736b 732c r for the.disks,\n+0000b9b0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 this probably w\n+0000b9c0: 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 on't work... A\n+0000b9d0: 6e6f 7468 6572 2070 726f 626c 656d 2061 nother problem a\n+0000b9e0: 7269 7365 7320 6966 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 rises if you ins\n+0000b9f0: 7461 6c6c 6564 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e talled more than\n+0000ba00: 206f 6e65 2073 6574 206f 660a 444f 532f one set of.DOS/\n+0000ba10: 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 Windows onto one\n+0000ba20: 2064 6973 6b2c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 disk, because t\n+0000ba30: 6865 7920 636f 756c 6420 6265 2063 6f6e hey could be con\n+0000ba40: 6675 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 2061 fused if there a\n+0000ba50: 7265 0a6d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 re.more than one\n+0000ba60: 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 primary partiti\n+0000ba70: 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 444f 532f 5769 6e64 ons for DOS/Wind\n+0000ba80: 6f77 732e 2020 4365 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 ows. Certainly \n+0000ba90: 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 you should.avoid\n+0000baa0: 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 doing this, but\n+0000bab0: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 736f 6c75 there is a solu\n+0000bac0: 7469 6f6e 2069 6620 796f 7520 646f 2077 tion if you do w\n+0000bad0: 616e 7420 746f 2064 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 ant to do so. U\n+0000bae0: 7365 0a74 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e se.the partition\n+0000baf0: 2068 6964 696e 672f 756e 6869 6469 6e67 hiding/unhiding\n+0000bb00: 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 technique... \n+0000bb10: 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c68 6964 6573 If GRUB ...hides\n+0000bb20: e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 ... a DOS (or Wi\n+0000bb30: 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ndows) partition\n+0000bb40: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7274 746f 6f6c (*note parttool\n+0000bb50: 3a3a 292c 2044 4f53 0a28 6f72 2057 696e ::), DOS.(or Win\n+0000bb60: 646f 7773 2920 7769 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 dows) will ignor\n+0000bb70: 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e e the partition.\n+0000bb80: 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 If GRUB ...unh\n+0000bb90: 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f ides... a DOS (o\n+0000bba0: 720a 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 r.Windows) parti\n+0000bbb0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 tion, DOS (or Wi\n+0000bbc0: 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6465 7465 ndows) will dete\n+0000bbd0: 6374 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ct the partition\n+0000bbe0: 2e20 2054 6875 732c 0a69 6620 796f 7520 . Thus,.if you \n+0000bbf0: 6861 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 have installed D\n+0000bc00: 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 OS (or Windows) \n+0000bc10: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 on the first and\n+0000bc20: 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 the second.part\n+0000bc30: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 ition of the fir\n+0000bc40: 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 616e st hard disk, an\n+0000bc50: 6420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f d you want to bo\n+0000bc60: 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 ot the copy on t\n+0000bc70: 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he.first partiti\n+0000bc80: 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f on, do the follo\n+0000bc90: 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 wing:.. part\n+0000bca0: 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3129 2068 6964 tool (hd0,1) hid\n+0000bcb0: 6465 6e2d 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f den-. partto\n+0000bcc0: 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3229 2068 6964 6465 ol (hd0,2) hidde\n+0000bcd0: 6e2b 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 n+. set root\n+0000bce0: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 6368 =(hd0,1). ch\n+0000bcf0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 ainloader +1. \n+0000bd00: 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f parttool ${roo\n+0000bd10: 747d 2062 6f6f 742b 0a20 2020 2020 626f t} boot+. bo\n+0000bd20: 6f74 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ot....File: grub\n+0000bd30: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .info, Node: Co\n+0000bd40: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 nfiguration, Ne\n+0000bd50: 7874 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 xt: Theme file f\n+0000bd60: 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 426f ormat, Prev: Bo\n+0000bd70: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a oting, Up: Top.\n+0000bd80: 0a36 2057 7269 7469 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 .6 Writing your \n+0000bd90: 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f own configuratio\n+0000bda0: 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n file.*********\n 0000bdb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0000bdc0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 **********..GRUB\n-0000bdd0: 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2075 is configured u\n-0000bde0: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 sing ...grub.cfg\n-0000bdf0: e280 992c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6f63 ..., usually loc\n-0000be00: 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 20e2 8098 2f62 ated under .../b\n-0000be10: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a54 6869 oot/grub.....Thi\n-0000be20: 7320 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 s file is quite \n-0000be30: 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6d6f flexible, but mo\n-0000be40: 7374 2075 7365 7273 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f st users will no\n-0000be50: 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 t need to write \n-0000be60: 7468 650a 7768 6f6c 6520 7468 696e 6720 the.whole thing \n-0000be70: 6279 2068 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 by hand...* Menu\n-0000be80: 3a0a 0a2a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 :..* Simple conf\n-0000be90: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 iguration:: \n-0000bea0: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 Recommend\n-0000beb0: 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7573 6572 ed for most user\n-0000bec0: 730a 2a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 s.* Root Identif\n-0000bed0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 cation Heuristic\n-0000bee0: 733a 3a20 2020 5375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f6e s:: Summary on\n-0000bef0: 2068 6f77 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 how the root fi\n-0000bf00: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6973 2069 6465 le system is ide\n-0000bf10: 6e74 6966 6965 642e 0a2a 2053 6865 6c6c ntified..* Shell\n-0000bf20: 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a -like scripting:\n-0000bf30: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 6f72 : For\n-0000bf40: 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 7273 2061 6e64 power users and\n-0000bf50: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 730a 2a20 4d75 developers.* Mu\n-0000bf60: 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 lti-boot manual \n-0000bf70: 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 config:: \n-0000bf80: 466f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 7374 616e 6461 7264 For non-standard\n-0000bf90: 206d 756c 7469 2d4f 5320 7363 656e 6172 multi-OS scenar\n-0000bfa0: 696f 730a 2a20 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 ios.* Embedded c\n-0000bfb0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 onfiguration:: \n-0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d 6265 6464 696e Embeddin\n-0000bfd0: 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f g a configuratio\n-0000bfe0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 n file into GRUB\n-0000bff0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0000c000: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5369 6d70 nfo, Node: Simp\n-0000c010: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n-0000c020: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 , Next: Root Id\n-0000c030: 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 7572 entifcation Heur\n-0000c040: 6973 7469 6373 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e istics, Up: Con\n-0000c050: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3120 figuration..6.1 \n-0000c060: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n-0000c070: 7469 6f6e 2068 616e 646c 696e 670a 3d3d tion handling.==\n+0000bdc0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 ************..GR\n+0000bdd0: 5542 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 UB is configured\n+0000bde0: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 using ...grub.c\n+0000bdf0: 6667 e280 992c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c fg..., usually l\n+0000be00: 6f63 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 20e2 8098 ocated under ...\n+0000be10: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a54 /boot/grub.....T\n+0000be20: 6869 7320 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7175 6974 his file is quit\n+0000be30: 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 e flexible, but \n+0000be40: 6d6f 7374 2075 7365 7273 2077 696c 6c20 most users will \n+0000be50: 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7772 6974 not need to writ\n+0000be60: 6520 7468 650a 7768 6f6c 6520 7468 696e e the.whole thin\n+0000be70: 6720 6279 2068 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 g by hand...* Me\n+0000be80: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f nu:..* Simple co\n+0000be90: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 nfiguration:: \n+0000bea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6563 6f6d 6d65 Recomme\n+0000beb0: 6e64 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7573 nded for most us\n+0000bec0: 6572 730a 2a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 ers.* Root Ident\n+0000bed0: 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 ifcation Heurist\n+0000bee0: 6963 733a 3a20 2020 5375 6d6d 6172 7920 ics:: Summary \n+0000bef0: 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 on how the root \n+0000bf00: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6973 2069 file system is i\n+0000bf10: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 642e 0a2a 2053 6865 dentified..* She\n+0000bf20: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n+0000bf30: 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 g:: F\n+0000bf40: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 7273 2061 or power users a\n+0000bf50: 6e64 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 730a 2a20 nd developers.* \n+0000bf60: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n+0000bf70: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 l config:: \n+0000bf80: 2020 466f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 7374 616e 6461 For non-standa\n+0000bf90: 7264 206d 756c 7469 2d4f 5320 7363 656e rd multi-OS scen\n+0000bfa0: 6172 696f 730a 2a20 456d 6265 6464 6564 arios.* Embedded\n+0000bfb0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a configuration::\n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d 6265 6464 Embedd\n+0000bfd0: 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ing a configurat\n+0000bfe0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 ion file into GR\n+0000bff0: 5542 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 UB....File: grub\n+0000c000: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5369 .info, Node: Si\n+0000c010: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n+0000c020: 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6f6f 7420 on, Next: Root \n+0000c030: 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 Identifcation He\n+0000c040: 7572 6973 7469 6373 2c20 2055 703a 2043 uristics, Up: C\n+0000c050: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e onfiguration..6.\n+0000c060: 3120 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 1 Simple configu\n+0000c070: 7261 7469 6f6e 2068 616e 646c 696e 670a ration handling.\n 0000c080: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-0000c0a0: 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 .The program ...\n-0000c0b0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n-0000c0c0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 (*note Invoking\n-0000c0d0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a grub-mkconfig::\n-0000c0e0: 2920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 730a e280 9867 ) generates....g\n-0000c0f0: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 696c 6573 rub.cfg... files\n-0000c100: 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 6d6f suitable for mo\n-0000c110: 7374 2063 6173 6573 2e20 2049 7420 6973 st cases. It is\n-0000c120: 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 7573 suitable for us\n-0000c130: 6520 7768 656e 0a75 7067 7261 6469 6e67 e when.upgrading\n-0000c140: 2061 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c a distribution,\n-0000c150: 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7363 6f76 and will discov\n-0000c160: 6572 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206b 6572 er available ker\n-0000c170: 6e65 6c73 2061 6e64 0a61 7474 656d 7074 nels and.attempt\n-0000c180: 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e to generate men\n-0000c190: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 u entries for th\n-0000c1a0: 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d em... ...grub-\n-0000c1b0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 646f 6573 mkconfig... does\n-0000c1c0: 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 206c 696d 6974 have some limit\n-0000c1d0: 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 2061 ations. While a\n-0000c1e0: 6464 696e 6720 6578 7472 610a 6375 7374 dding extra.cust\n-0000c1f0: 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 om menu entries \n-0000c200: 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 to the end of th\n-0000c210: 6520 6c69 7374 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f e list can be do\n-0000c220: 6e65 2062 7920 6564 6974 696e 670a e280 ne by editing...\n-0000c230: 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f ./etc/grub.d/40_\n-0000c240: 6375 7374 6f6d e280 9920 6f72 2063 7265 custom... or cre\n-0000c250: 6174 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 ating .../boot/g\n-0000c260: 7275 622f 6375 7374 6f6d 2e63 6667 e280 rub/custom.cfg..\n-0000c270: 992c 2063 6861 6e67 696e 670a 7468 6520 ., changing.the \n-0000c280: 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e order of menu en\n-0000c290: 7472 6965 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 696e tries or changin\n-0000c2a0: 6720 7468 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 206d g their titles m\n-0000c2b0: 6179 2072 6571 7569 7265 206d 616b 696e ay require makin\n-0000c2c0: 670a 636f 6d70 6c65 7820 6368 616e 6765 g.complex change\n-0000c2d0: 7320 746f 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 6970 s to shell scrip\n-0000c2e0: 7473 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 ts stored in ...\n-0000c2f0: 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f e280 992e /etc/grub.d/....\n-0000c300: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 2062 650a 696d This may be.im\n-0000c310: 7072 6f76 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 proved in the fu\n-0000c320: 7475 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 ture. In the me\n-0000c330: 616e 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6f73 6520 7768 antime, those wh\n-0000c340: 6f20 6665 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 2077 o feel that it w\n-0000c350: 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 6561 7369 6572 2074 ould.be easier t\n-0000c360: 6f20 7772 6974 6520 e280 9867 7275 622e o write ...grub.\n-0000c370: 6366 67e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 cfg... directly \n-0000c380: 6172 6520 656e 636f 7572 6167 6564 2074 are encouraged t\n-0000c390: 6f20 646f 2073 6f20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a42 o do so (*note.B\n-0000c3a0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e ooting::, and *n\n-0000c3b0: 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 ote Shell-like s\n-0000c3c0: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 cripting::), and\n-0000c3d0: 2074 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 616e 7920 to disable any \n-0000c3e0: 7379 7374 656d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 6420 system.provided \n-0000c3f0: 6279 2074 6865 6972 2064 6973 7472 6962 by their distrib\n-0000c400: 7574 696f 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 ution to automat\n-0000c410: 6963 616c 6c79 2072 756e 20e2 8098 6772 ically run ...gr\n-0000c420: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e0a ub-mkconfig.....\n-0000c430: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 . The file ...\n-0000c440: 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 /etc/default/gru\n-0000c450: 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 b... controls th\n-0000c460: 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 0ae2 e operation of..\n-0000c470: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n-0000c480: 8099 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 6f75 7263 ... It is sourc\n-0000c490: 6564 2062 7920 6120 7368 656c 6c20 7363 ed by a shell sc\n-0000c4a0: 7269 7074 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206d 7573 ript, and so mus\n-0000c4b0: 7420 6265 2076 616c 6964 0a50 4f53 4958 t be valid.POSIX\n-0000c4c0: 2073 6865 6c6c 2069 6e70 7574 3b20 6e6f shell input; no\n-0000c4d0: 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 rmally, it will \n-0000c4e0: 6a75 7374 2062 6520 6120 7365 7175 656e just be a sequen\n-0000c4f0: 6365 206f 6620 e280 984b 4559 3d76 616c ce of ...KEY=val\n-0000c500: 7565 e280 990a 6c69 6e65 732c 2062 7574 ue....lines, but\n-0000c510: 2069 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 636f if the value co\n-0000c520: 6e74 6169 6e73 2073 7061 6365 7320 6f72 ntains spaces or\n-0000c530: 206f 7468 6572 2073 7065 6369 616c 2063 other special c\n-0000c540: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 7468 656e 0a69 haracters then.i\n-0000c550: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7175 6f74 6564 t must be quoted\n-0000c560: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a . For example:.\n-0000c570: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 . GRUB_TERMI\n-0000c580: 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 543d 2263 6f6e 736f NAL_INPUT=\"conso\n-0000c590: 6c65 2073 6572 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 2056 le serial\".. V\n-0000c5a0: 616c 6964 206b 6579 7320 696e 20e2 8098 alid keys in ...\n-0000c5b0: 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 /etc/default/gru\n-0000c5c0: 62e2 8099 2061 7265 2061 7320 666f 6c6c b... are as foll\n-0000c5d0: 6f77 733a 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 ows:.....GRUB_DE\n-0000c5e0: 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 FAULT.... Th\n-0000c5f0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 e default menu e\n-0000c600: 6e74 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 ntry. This may \n-0000c610: 6265 2061 206e 756d 6265 722c 2069 6e20 be a number, in \n-0000c620: 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 740a 2020 which case it. \n-0000c630: 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 7468 identifies th\n-0000c640: 6520 4e74 6820 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 e Nth entry in t\n-0000c650: 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 206d 656e he generated men\n-0000c660: 7520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 207a u counted from z\n-0000c670: 6572 6f2c 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 2074 6865 ero,. or the\n-0000c680: 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 title of a menu\n-0000c690: 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2073 entry, or the s\n-0000c6a0: 7065 6369 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 e280 pecial string ..\n-0000c6b0: 9873 6176 6564 e280 992e 2020 5573 696e .saved.... Usin\n-0000c6c0: 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 6420 6d61 g. the id ma\n-0000c6d0: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6966 2079 y be useful if y\n-0000c6e0: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2061 ou want to set a\n-0000c6f0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6173 2074 menu entry as t\n-0000c700: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 he default. \n-0000c710: 6576 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 6572 even though ther\n-0000c720: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2076 6172 6961 e may be a varia\n-0000c730: 626c 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e ble number of en\n-0000c740: 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 2069 742e tries before it.\n-0000c750: 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 .. For examp\n-0000c760: 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a le, if you have:\n-0000c770: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-0000c780: 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 474e 552f 4c69 'Example GNU/Li\n-0000c790: 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e nux distribution\n-0000c7a0: 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 676e 752d 6c69 ' --class gnu-li\n-0000c7b0: 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 nux --id example\n-0000c7c0: 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 207b 0a20 2020 -gnu-linux {. \n-0000c7d0: 2020 092e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 ..... }.. \n-0000c7e0: 2020 2020 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e then you can\n-0000c7f0: 206d 616b 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 make this the d\n-0000c800: 6566 6175 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 efault using:.. \n-0000c810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 4445 GRUB_DE\n-0000c820: 4641 554c 543d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e FAULT=example-gn\n-0000c830: 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 u-linux.. Pr\n-0000c840: 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2069 7420 7761 7320 eviously it was \n-0000c850: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2074 6865 2077 documented the w\n-0000c860: 6179 2074 6f20 7573 6520 656e 7472 7920 ay to use entry \n-0000c870: 7469 746c 652e 2020 5768 696c 650a 2020 title. While. \n-0000c880: 2020 2074 6869 7320 7374 696c 6c20 776f this still wo\n-0000c890: 726b 7320 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2072 6563 rks it's not rec\n-0000c8a0: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 2074 ommended since t\n-0000c8b0: 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 636f 6e74 itles often cont\n-0000c8c0: 6169 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 7461 626c ain. unstabl\n-0000c8d0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2061 e device names a\n-0000c8e0: 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c nd may be transl\n-0000c8f0: 6174 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f ated.. If yo\n-0000c900: 7520 7365 7420 7468 6973 2074 6f20 e280 u set this to ..\n-0000c910: 9873 6176 6564 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 .saved..., then \n-0000c920: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 the default menu\n-0000c930: 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 entry will be. \n-0000c940: 2020 2020 7468 6174 2073 6176 6564 2062 that saved b\n-0000c950: 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 y ...GRUB_SAVEDE\n-0000c960: 4641 554c 54e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9867 FAULT... or ...g\n-0000c970: 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 rub-set-default.\n-0000c980: 8099 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2072 ... This. r\n-0000c990: 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 elies on the env\n-0000c9a0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 ironment block, \n-0000c9b0: 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 which may not be\n-0000c9c0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 616c available in al\n-0000c9d0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e l. situation\n-0000c9e0: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e s (*note Environ\n-0000c9f0: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a ment block::)...\n-0000ca00: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 The default\n-0000ca10: 2069 7320 e280 9830 e280 992e 0a0a e280 is ...0........\n-0000ca20: 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c .GRUB_SAVEDEFAUL\n-0000ca30: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 T.... If thi\n-0000ca40: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 s option is set \n-0000ca50: 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 to ...true..., t\n-0000ca60: 6865 6e2c 2077 6865 6e20 616e 2065 6e74 hen, when an ent\n-0000ca70: 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c0a ry is selected,.\n-0000ca80: 2020 2020 2073 6176 6520 6974 2061 7320 save it as \n-0000ca90: 6120 6e65 7720 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e a new default en\n-0000caa0: 7472 7920 666f 7220 7573 6520 6279 2066 try for use by f\n-0000cab0: 7574 7572 6520 7275 6e73 206f 6620 4752 uture runs of GR\n-0000cac0: 5542 2e20 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6973 UB. This. is\n-0000cad0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 6620 only useful if \n-0000cae0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d ...GRUB_DEFAULT=\n-0000caf0: 7361 7665 64e2 8099 3b20 6974 2069 7320 saved...; it is \n-0000cb00: 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 206f 7074 696f a separate optio\n-0000cb10: 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6563 6175 7365 20e2 n. because .\n-0000cb20: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 3d73 ..GRUB_DEFAULT=s\n-0000cb30: 6176 6564 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 6675 aved... is usefu\n-0000cb40: 6c20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6973 206f l without this o\n-0000cb50: 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 ption, in. c\n-0000cb60: 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 onjunction with \n-0000cb70: e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 ...grub-set-defa\n-0000cb80: 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2055 6e73 6574 2062 ult.... Unset b\n-0000cb90: 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 y default. This\n-0000cba0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2072 656c . option rel\n-0000cbb0: 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 ies on the envir\n-0000cbc0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 onment block, wh\n-0000cbd0: 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 ich may not be a\n-0000cbe0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 696e vailable. in\n-0000cbf0: 2061 6c6c 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 all situations \n-0000cc00: 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 (*note Environme\n-0000cc10: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a e280 nt block::).....\n-0000cc20: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 .GRUB_TIMEOUT...\n-0000cc30: 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 . Boot the d\n-0000cc40: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6869 efault entry thi\n-0000cc50: 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2061 s many seconds a\n-0000cc60: 6674 6572 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 fter the menu is\n-0000cc70: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642c . displayed,\n-0000cc80: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6120 6b65 7920 6973 unless a key is\n-0000cc90: 2070 7265 7373 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2064 pressed. The d\n-0000cca0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9835 e280 efault is ...5..\n-0000ccb0: 992e 2020 5365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 .. Set to. \n-0000ccc0: e280 9830 e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 ...0... to boot \n-0000ccd0: 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 7769 7468 immediately with\n-0000cce0: 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 out displaying t\n-0000ccf0: 6865 206d 656e 752c 206f 7220 746f 20e2 he menu, or to .\n-0000cd00: 8098 2d31 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ..-1... to. \n-0000cd10: 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c wait indefinitel\n-0000cd20: 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 9847 y... If ...G\n-0000cd30: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c RUB_TIMEOUT_STYL\n-0000cd40: 45e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 E... is set to .\n-0000cd50: 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f ..countdown... o\n-0000cd60: 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 r ...hidden..., \n-0000cd70: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 696d 656f 7574 the. timeout\n-0000cd80: 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e is instead coun\n-0000cd90: 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d ted before the m\n-0000cda0: 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 enu is displayed\n-0000cdb0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f ......GRUB_TIMEO\n-0000cdc0: 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 UT_STYLE.... \n-0000cdd0: 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If this option \n-0000cde0: 6973 2075 6e73 6574 206f 7220 7365 7420 is unset or set \n-0000cdf0: 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 2074 to ...menu..., t\n-0000ce00: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6469 hen GRUB will di\n-0000ce10: 7370 6c61 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d splay. the m\n-0000ce20: 656e 7520 616e 6420 7468 656e 2077 6169 enu and then wai\n-0000ce30: 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 t for the timeou\n-0000ce40: 7420 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 t set by ...GRUB\n-0000ce50: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 746f 0a20 _TIMEOUT... to. \n-0000ce60: 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 2062 6566 6f72 expire befor\n-0000ce70: 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 e booting the de\n-0000ce80: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 5072 fault entry. Pr\n-0000ce90: 6573 7369 6e67 2061 206b 6579 2069 6e74 essing a key int\n-0000cea0: 6572 7275 7074 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 errupts. the\n-0000ceb0: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 timeout... \n-0000cec0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n-0000ced0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e s set to ...coun\n-0000cee0: 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 tdown... or ...h\n-0000cef0: 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 idden..., then, \n-0000cf00: 6265 666f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 before. disp\n-0000cf10: 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c laying the menu,\n-0000cf20: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 GRUB will wait \n-0000cf30: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 for the timeout \n-0000cf40: 7365 7420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 set by. ...G\n-0000cf50: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2074 RUB_TIMEOUT... t\n-0000cf60: 6f20 6578 7069 7265 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 o expire. If or are \n-0000cf80: 7072 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 pressed, or . is held\n-0000cfa0: 2064 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6861 down during tha\n-0000cfb0: 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 t time, it will \n-0000cfc0: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 display the menu\n-0000cfd0: 2061 6e64 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 and wait. f\n-0000cfe0: 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 2e20 2049 6620 6120 or input. If a \n-0000cff0: 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 hotkey associate\n-0000d000: 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e d with a menu en\n-0000d010: 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 try is pressed, \n-0000d020: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f it. will boo\n-0000d030: 7420 7468 6520 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 t the associated\n-0000d040: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 menu entry imme\n-0000d050: 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 diately. If the\n-0000d060: 2074 696d 656f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6578 timeout. ex\n-0000d070: 7069 7265 7320 6265 666f 7265 2065 6974 pires before eit\n-0000d080: 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 her of these hap\n-0000d090: 7065 6e73 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 626f pens, it will bo\n-0000d0a0: 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 ot the default. \n-0000d0b0: 2020 2020 656e 7472 792e 2020 496e 2074 entry. In t\n-0000d0c0: 6865 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 he ...countdown.\n-0000d0d0: 8099 2063 6173 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c .. case, it will\n-0000d0e0: 2073 686f 7720 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 6e65 show a one-line\n-0000d0f0: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 indication. \n-0000d100: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e of the remainin\n-0000d110: 6720 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 g time......GRUB\n-0000d120: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 _DEFAULT_BUTTON.\n-0000d130: 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f ......GRUB_TIMEO\n-0000d140: 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 UT_BUTTON.......\n-0000d150: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n-0000d160: 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 LE_BUTTON.......\n-0000d170: 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 GRUB_BUTTON_CMOS\n-0000d180: 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 990a 2020 2020 _ADDRESS.... \n-0000d190: 2056 6172 6961 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 Variants of the\n-0000d1a0: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2076 corresponding v\n-0000d1b0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 ariables without\n-0000d1c0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 the ..._BUTTON.\n-0000d1d0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 6978 2c20 ... suffix, \n-0000d1e0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 used to support \n-0000d1f0: 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 vendor-specific \n-0000d200: 706f 7765 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 732e 2020 power buttons. \n-0000d210: 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2056 656e 646f *Note. Vendo\n-0000d220: 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a r power-on keys:\n-0000d230: 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5354 :......GRUB_DIST\n-0000d240: 5249 4255 544f 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 RIBUTOR.... \n-0000d250: 5365 7420 6279 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 Set by distribut\n-0000d260: 6f72 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 ors of GRUB to t\n-0000d270: 6865 6972 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 heir identifying\n-0000d280: 206e 616d 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a name. This is.\n-0000d290: 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 656e used to gen\n-0000d2a0: 6572 6174 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 erate more infor\n-0000d2b0: 6d61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 mative menu entr\n-0000d2c0: 7920 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 y titles......GR\n-0000d2d0: 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 UB_TERMINAL_INPU\n-0000d2e0: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 T.... Select\n-0000d2f0: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e the terminal in\n-0000d300: 7075 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 put device. You\n-0000d310: 206d 6179 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 may select mult\n-0000d320: 6970 6c65 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 iple devices. \n-0000d330: 2020 6865 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 here, separate\n-0000d340: 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 d by spaces... \n-0000d350: 2020 2056 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 Valid termina\n-0000d360: 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 l input names de\n-0000d370: 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 pend on the plat\n-0000d380: 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e form, but may in\n-0000d390: 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f clude. ...co\n-0000d3a0: 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 nsole... (native\n-0000d3b0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c platform consol\n-0000d3c0: 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 e), ...serial...\n-0000d3d0: 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 (serial termina\n-0000d3e0: 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 l),. ...seri\n-0000d3f0: 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 7365 al_... (se\n-0000d400: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 rial terminal wi\n-0000d410: 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 th explicit port\n-0000d420: 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 selection),. \n-0000d430: 2020 e280 9861 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 ...at_keyboard\n-0000d440: e280 9920 2850 4320 4154 206b 6579 626f ... (PC AT keybo\n-0000d450: 6172 6429 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 7573 625f ard), or ...usb_\n-0000d460: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2855 5342 keyboard... (USB\n-0000d470: 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a 2020 2020 2075 keyboard. u\n-0000d480: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2048 4944 2042 6f6f sing the HID Boo\n-0000d490: 7420 5072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 666f 7220 t Protocol, for \n-0000d4a0: 6361 7365 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 cases where the \n-0000d4b0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f firmware does no\n-0000d4c0: 740a 2020 2020 2068 616e 646c 6520 7468 t. handle th\n-0000d4d0: 6973 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 is)... The d\n-0000d4e0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 efault is to use\n-0000d4f0: 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 the platform's \n-0000d500: 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 native terminal \n-0000d510: 696e 7075 742e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f input......GRUB_\n-0000d520: 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 TERMINAL_OUTPUT.\n-0000d530: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 ... Select t\n-0000d540: 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 he terminal outp\n-0000d550: 7574 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 596f 7520 ut device. You \n-0000d560: 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 6374 206d 756c 7469 may select multi\n-0000d570: 706c 6520 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 ple devices. \n-0000d580: 2068 6572 652c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 here, separated\n-0000d590: 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 by spaces... \n-0000d5a0: 2020 5661 6c69 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c Valid terminal\n-0000d5b0: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 output names de\n-0000d5c0: 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 pend on the plat\n-0000d5d0: 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e form, but may in\n-0000d5e0: 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f clude. ...co\n-0000d5f0: 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 nsole... (native\n-0000d600: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c platform consol\n-0000d610: 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 e), ...serial...\n-0000d620: 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 (serial termina\n-0000d630: 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 l),. ...seri\n-0000d640: 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 7365 al_... (se\n-0000d650: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 rial terminal wi\n-0000d660: 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 th explicit port\n-0000d670: 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 selection),. \n-0000d680: 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 ...gfxterm... \n-0000d690: 2867 7261 7068 6963 732d 6d6f 6465 206f (graphics-mode o\n-0000d6a0: 7574 7075 7429 2c20 e280 9876 6761 5f74 utput), ...vga_t\n-0000d6b0: 6578 74e2 8099 2028 5647 4120 7465 7874 ext... (VGA text\n-0000d6c0: 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 output),. .\n-0000d6d0: 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 284d ..mda_text... (M\n-0000d6e0: 4441 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 292c DA text output),\n-0000d6f0: 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2028 4d6f ...morse... (Mo\n-0000d700: 7273 652d 636f 6469 6e67 2075 7369 6e67 rse-coding using\n-0000d710: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2062 6565 system. bee\n-0000d720: 7065 7229 206f 7220 e280 9873 706b 6d6f per) or ...spkmo\n-0000d730: 6465 6de2 8099 2028 7369 6d70 6c65 2064 dem... (simple d\n-0000d740: 6174 6120 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2075 7369 ata protocol usi\n-0000d750: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7370 6561 6b65 ng system speake\n-0000d760: 7229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 706b r)... ...spk\n-0000d770: 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6566 modem... is usef\n-0000d780: 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 ul when no seria\n-0000d790: 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 l port is availa\n-0000d7a0: 626c 652e 2020 436f 6e6e 6563 7420 7468 ble. Connect th\n-0000d7b0: 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 e. output of\n-0000d7c0: 2073 656e 6469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 sending system \n-0000d7d0: 2877 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 6973 2072 (where GRUB is r\n-0000d7e0: 756e 6e69 6e67 2920 746f 206c 696e 652d unning) to line-\n-0000d7f0: 696e 206f 660a 2020 2020 2072 6563 6569 in of. recei\n-0000d800: 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2875 7375 ving system (usu\n-0000d810: 616c 6c79 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 206d ally developer m\n-0000d820: 6163 6869 6e65 292e 2020 4f6e 2072 6563 achine). On rec\n-0000d830: 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 eiving system. \n-0000d840: 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 20e2 8098 7370 compile ...sp\n-0000d850: 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 76e2 8099 2066 kmodem-recv... f\n-0000d860: 726f 6d20 e280 9875 7469 6c2f 7370 6b6d rom ...util/spkm\n-0000d870: 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 762e 63e2 8099 2061 odem-recv.c... a\n-0000d880: 6e64 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 nd run:.. \n-0000d890: 2020 2070 6172 6563 6f72 6420 2d2d 6368 parecord --ch\n-0000d8a0: 616e 6e65 6c73 3d31 202d 2d72 6174 653d annels=1 --rate=\n-0000d8b0: 3438 3030 3020 2d2d 666f 726d 6174 3d73 48000 --format=s\n-0000d8c0: 3136 6c65 207c 202e 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 16le | ./spkmode\n-0000d8d0: 6d2d 7265 6376 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 m-recv.. The\n-0000d8e0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 default is to u\n-0000d8f0: 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 se the platform'\n-0000d900: 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 s native termina\n-0000d910: 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 l output......GR\n-0000d920: 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4ce2 8099 0a20 UB_TERMINAL.... \n-0000d930: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 If this opti\n-0000d940: 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 on is set, it ov\n-0000d950: 6572 7269 6465 7320 626f 7468 20e2 8098 errides both ...\n-0000d960: 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e GRUB_TERMINAL_IN\n-0000d970: 5055 54e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 PUT... and. \n-0000d980: e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c ...GRUB_TERMINAL\n-0000d990: 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 _OUTPUT... to th\n-0000d9a0: 6520 7361 6d65 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0ae2 e same value....\n-0000d9b0: 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4552 4941 4c5f 434f ..GRUB_SERIAL_CO\n-0000d9c0: 4d4d 414e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4120 MMAND.... A \n-0000d9d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 command to confi\n-0000d9e0: 6775 7265 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 gure the serial \n-0000d9f0: 706f 7274 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 port when using \n-0000da00: 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 0a20 2020 2020 the serial. \n-0000da10: 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 console. *Note \n-0000da20: 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2e20 2044 6566 6175 serial::. Defau\n-0000da30: 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c lts to ...serial\n-0000da40: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d .........GRUB_CM\n-0000da50: 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 0a20 DLINE_LINUX.... \n-0000da60: 2020 2020 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Command-line\n-0000da70: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f20 6164 arguments to ad\n-0000da80: 6420 746f 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 d to menu entrie\n-0000da90: 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 s for the Linux \n-0000daa0: 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 kernel......GRUB\n-0000dab0: 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 _CMDLINE_LINUX_D\n-0000dac0: 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 EFAULT.... U\n-0000dad0: 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 nless ...GRUB_DI\n-0000dae0: 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 e280 SABLE_RECOVERY..\n-0000daf0: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 . is set to ...t\n-0000db00: 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 7477 6f20 6d65 6e75 rue..., two menu\n-0000db10: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7769 entries. wi\n-0000db20: 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 ll be generated \n-0000db30: 666f 7220 6561 6368 204c 696e 7578 206b for each Linux k\n-0000db40: 6572 6e65 6c3a 206f 6e65 2064 6566 6175 ernel: one defau\n-0000db50: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 lt entry and one\n-0000db60: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 . entry for \n-0000db70: 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 652e 2020 recovery mode. \n-0000db80: 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6c69 7374 This option list\n-0000db90: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 s command-line a\n-0000dba0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f rguments. to\n-0000dbb0: 2061 6464 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2074 6865 add only to the\n-0000dbc0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e default menu en\n-0000dbd0: 7472 792c 2061 6674 6572 2074 686f 7365 try, after those\n-0000dbe0: 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 listed in. \n-0000dbf0: e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ...GRUB_CMDLINE_\n-0000dc00: 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 LINUX.........GR\n-0000dc10: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_CMDLINE_LINUX\n-0000dc20: 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 8099 0a20 2020 _RECOVERY.... \n-0000dc30: 2020 556e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 4752 5542 Unless ...GRUB\n-0000dc40: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 _DISABLE_RECOVER\n-0000dc50: 59e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 Y... is set to .\n-0000dc60: 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 776f 206d ..true..., two m\n-0000dc70: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 2020 enu entries. \n-0000dc80: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 will be generat\n-0000dc90: 6564 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 4c69 6e75 ed for each Linu\n-0000dca0: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 3a20 6f6e 6520 6465 x kernel: one de\n-0000dcb0: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 616e 6420 fault entry and \n-0000dcc0: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2066 one. entry f\n-0000dcd0: 6f72 2072 6563 6f76 6572 7920 6d6f 6465 or recovery mode\n-0000dce0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206c . This option l\n-0000dcf0: 6973 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e ists command-lin\n-0000dd00: 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 e arguments. \n-0000dd10: 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 to add only to \n-0000dd20: 7468 6520 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 656e the recovery men\n-0000dd30: 7520 656e 7472 792c 2062 6566 6f72 6520 u entry, before \n-0000dd40: 7468 6f73 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e0a those listed in.\n-0000dd50: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 ...GRUB_CMD\n-0000dd60: 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 992e 2020 LINE_LINUX.... \n-0000dd70: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 The default is .\n-0000dd80: 8098 7369 6e67 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a e280 ..single........\n-0000dd90: 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 .GRUB_CMDLINE_NE\n-0000dda0: 5442 5344 e280 990a e280 9847 5255 425f TBSD.......GRUB_\n-0000ddb0: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 5f44 CMDLINE_NETBSD_D\n-0000ddc0: 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 2041 EFAULT.... A\n-0000ddd0: 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e s ...GRUB_CMDLIN\n-0000dde0: 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 E_LINUX... and .\n-0000ddf0: 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c ..GRUB_CMDLINE_L\n-0000de00: 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 992c INUX_DEFAULT...,\n-0000de10: 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 but for. Ne\n-0000de20: 7442 5344 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 tBSD......GRUB_C\n-0000de30: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f47 4e55 4d41 4348 e280 MDLINE_GNUMACH..\n-0000de40: 990a 2020 2020 2041 7320 e280 9847 5255 .. As ...GRU\n-0000de50: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 B_CMDLINE_LINUX.\n-0000de60: 8099 2c20 6275 7420 666f 7220 474e 5520 .., but for GNU \n-0000de70: 4d61 6368 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 Mach......GRUB_C\n-0000de80: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f58 454e e280 990a e280 MDLINE_XEN......\n-0000de90: 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 5845 .GRUB_CMDLINE_XE\n-0000dea0: 4e5f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 N_DEFAULT.... \n-0000deb0: 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6573 206f 6620 The values of \n-0000dec0: 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 these options ar\n-0000ded0: 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 5865 6e20 e passed to Xen \n-0000dee0: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2058 656e 206d hypervisor Xen m\n-0000def0: 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 enu. entries\n-0000df00: 2c20 666f 7220 616c 6c20 7265 7370 6563 , for all respec\n-0000df10: 7469 7665 6c79 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 656e tively normal en\n-0000df20: 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f tries......GRUB_\n-0000df30: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5845 CMDLINE_LINUX_XE\n-0000df40: 4e5f 5245 504c 4143 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 N_REPLACE.......\n-0000df50: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e GRUB_CMDLINE_LIN\n-0000df60: 5558 5f58 454e 5f52 4550 4c41 4345 5f44 UX_XEN_REPLACE_D\n-0000df70: 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 EFAULT.... T\n-0000df80: 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 6865 he values of the\n-0000df90: 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2072 6570 6c61 se options repla\n-0000dfa0: 6365 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 ce the values of\n-0000dfb0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d . ...GRUB_CM\n-0000dfc0: 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2061 DLINE_LINUX... a\n-0000dfd0: 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 nd ...GRUB_CMDLI\n-0000dfe0: 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 NE_LINUX_DEFAULT\n-0000dff0: e280 9920 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 616e ... for Linux an\n-0000e000: 640a 2020 2020 2058 656e 206d 656e 7520 d. Xen menu \n-0000e010: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 entries......GRU\n-0000e020: 425f 544f 505f 4c45 5645 4ce2 8099 0ae2 B_TOP_LEVEL.....\n-0000e030: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c ..GRUB_TOP_LEVEL\n-0000e040: 5f58 454e e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 _XEN.... Thi\n-0000e050: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 s option should \n-0000e060: 6265 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2070 be an absolute p\n-0000e070: 6174 6820 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ath to a kernel \n-0000e080: 696d 6167 652e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 image. If. \n-0000e090: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 7468 6520 696d provided, the im\n-0000e0a0: 6167 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 age specified wi\n-0000e0b0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 6465 2074 6865 2074 ll be made the t\n-0000e0c0: 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2065 6e74 7279 2069 op-level entry i\n-0000e0d0: 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2066 6f75 f. it is fou\n-0000e0e0: 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7363 616e 2e0a nd in the scan..\n-0000e0f0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 ....GRUB_TOP_LEV\n-0000e100: 454c 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 e280 990a EL_OS_PROBER....\n-0000e110: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n-0000e120: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c 696e should be a lin\n-0000e130: 6520 6f66 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d e of output from\n-0000e140: 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 ...os-prober...\n-0000e150: 2e20 2041 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 . As. ...GR\n-0000e160: 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c e280 992c UB_TOP_LEVEL...,\n-0000e170: 2069 6620 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 7468 if provided, th\n-0000e180: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 e image specifie\n-0000e190: 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 6465 2074 d will be made t\n-0000e1a0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 746f 702d 6c65 7665 he. top-leve\n-0000e1b0: 6c20 656e 7472 7920 6966 2069 7420 6973 l entry if it is\n-0000e1c0: 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7363 found in the sc\n-0000e1d0: 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 an......GRUB_EAR\n-0000e1e0: 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f LY_INITRD_LINUX_\n-0000e1f0: 4355 5354 4f4d e280 990a e280 9847 5255 CUSTOM.......GRU\n-0000e200: 425f 4541 524c 595f 494e 4954 5244 5f4c B_EARLY_INITRD_L\n-0000e210: 494e 5558 5f53 544f 434b e280 990a 2020 INUX_STOCK.... \n-0000e220: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7061 6365 List of space\n-0000e230: 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 2065 6172 6c79 -separated early\n-0000e240: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 6573 2074 initrd images t\n-0000e250: 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 6f6d o be loaded from\n-0000e260: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 . .../boot..\n-0000e270: 992e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 666f 7220 .. This is for \n-0000e280: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 696e 6773 206c loading things l\n-0000e290: 696b 6520 4350 5520 6d69 6372 6f63 6f64 ike CPU microcod\n-0000e2a0: 652c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 0a20 2020 e, firmware,. \n-0000e2b0: 2020 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 732c 2063 ACPI tables, c\n-0000e2c0: 7279 7074 6f20 6b65 7973 2c20 616e 6420 rypto keys, and \n-0000e2d0: 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6561 so on. These ea\n-0000e2e0: 726c 7920 696d 6167 6573 2077 696c 6c20 rly images will \n-0000e2f0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 be. loaded i\n-0000e300: 6e20 7468 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6465 636c n the order decl\n-0000e310: 6172 6564 2c20 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7769 ared, and all wi\n-0000e320: 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6566 ll be loaded bef\n-0000e330: 6f72 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2061 6374 ore the. act\n-0000e340: 7561 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 ual functional i\n-0000e350: 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 nitrd image... \n-0000e360: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 ...GRUB_EARLY\n-0000e370: 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 5354 _INITRD_LINUX_ST\n-0000e380: 4f43 4be2 8099 2069 7320 666f 7220 796f OCK... is for yo\n-0000e390: 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 ur distribution \n-0000e3a0: 746f 2064 6563 6c61 7265 0a20 2020 2020 to declare. \n-0000e3b0: 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 images that are \n-0000e3c0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 provided by the \n-0000e3d0: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 distribution. I\n-0000e3e0: 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2062 650a t should not be.\n-0000e3f0: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 7769 modified wi\n-0000e400: 7468 6f75 7420 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 thout understand\n-0000e410: 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6571 7565 ing the conseque\n-0000e420: 6e63 6573 2e20 2054 6865 7920 7769 6c6c nces. They will\n-0000e430: 2062 650a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 6420 be. loaded \n-0000e440: 6669 7273 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 first... ...\n-0000e450: 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 GRUB_EARLY_INITR\n-0000e460: 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 5354 4f4d e280 D_LINUX_CUSTOM..\n-0000e470: 9920 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 6375 . is for your cu\n-0000e480: 7374 6f6d 2063 7265 6174 6564 2069 6d61 stom created ima\n-0000e490: 6765 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 ges... The d\n-0000e4a0: 6566 6175 6c74 2073 746f 636b 2069 6d61 efault stock ima\n-0000e4b0: 6765 7320 6172 6520 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f ges are as follo\n-0000e4c0: 7773 2c20 7468 6f75 6768 2074 6865 7920 ws, though they \n-0000e4d0: 6d61 7920 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 6572 may be. over\n-0000e4e0: 7269 6464 656e 2062 7920 796f 7572 2064 ridden by your d\n-0000e4f0: 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e3a 0a20 2020 istribution:. \n-0000e500: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e74 656c 2d75 632e intel-uc.\n-0000e510: 696d 6720 696e 7465 6c2d 7563 6f64 652e img intel-ucode.\n-0000e520: 696d 6720 616d 642d 7563 2e69 6d67 2061 img amd-uc.img a\n-0000e530: 6d64 2d75 636f 6465 2e69 6d67 2065 6172 md-ucode.img ear\n-0000e540: 6c79 5f75 636f 6465 2e63 7069 6f20 6d69 ly_ucode.cpio mi\n-0000e550: 6372 6f63 6f64 652e 6370 696f 0a0a e280 crocode.cpio....\n-0000e560: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 .GRUB_DISABLE_LI\n-0000e570: 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 990a 2020 2020 NUX_UUID.... \n-0000e580: 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 20e2 8098 6772 Normally, ...gr\n-0000e590: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2077 ub-mkconfig... w\n-0000e5a0: 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e ill generate men\n-0000e5b0: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7468 6174 2075 u entries that u\n-0000e5c0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 6572 7361 se. universa\n-0000e5d0: 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 6465 6e74 lly-unique ident\n-0000e5e0: 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 4944 7329 2074 ifiers (UUIDs) t\n-0000e5f0: 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 o identify the r\n-0000e600: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 oot. filesys\n-0000e610: 7465 6d20 746f 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 tem to the Linux\n-0000e620: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2075 7369 6e67 2061 kernel, using a\n-0000e630: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d55 5549 443d 2e2e ...root=UUID=..\n-0000e640: 2ee2 8099 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 .... kernel. \n-0000e650: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e20 2054 6869 parameter. Thi\n-0000e660: 7320 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d 6f72 s is usually mor\n-0000e670: 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 e reliable, but \n-0000e680: 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 6974 in some cases it\n-0000e690: 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6265 may. not be\n-0000e6a0: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2e20 2054 appropriate. T\n-0000e6b0: 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 7573 o disable the us\n-0000e6c0: 6520 6f66 2055 5549 4473 2c20 7365 7420 e of UUIDs, set \n-0000e6d0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 this option. \n-0000e6e0: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2e0a to ...true.....\n-0000e6f0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 ....GRUB_DISABLE\n-0000e700: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 _LINUX_PARTUUID.\n-0000e710: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6772 ... If ...gr\n-0000e720: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 ub-mkconfig... c\n-0000e730: 616e 6e6f 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 annot identify t\n-0000e740: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 he root filesyst\n-0000e750: 656d 2076 6961 2069 7473 0a20 2020 2020 em via its. \n-0000e760: 756e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 universally-uniq\n-0000e770: 7565 2069 6e64 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 ue indentifier (\n-0000e780: 5555 4944 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d UUID), ...grub-m\n-0000e790: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e 2075 kconfig... can u\n-0000e7a0: 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 se the. UUID\n-0000e7b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f of the partitio\n-0000e7c0: 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 n containing the\n-0000e7d0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2069 filesystem to i\n-0000e7e0: 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 dentify the. \n-0000e7f0: 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d root filesystem\n-0000e800: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 to the Linux ke\n-0000e810: 726e 656c 2076 6961 2061 20e2 8098 726f rnel via a ...ro\n-0000e820: 6f74 3d50 4152 5455 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 ot=PARTUUID=....\n-0000e830: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2070 ... kernel p\n-0000e840: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e20 2054 6869 7320 arameter. This \n-0000e850: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 7320 7265 6c69 6162 is not as reliab\n-0000e860: 6c65 2061 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 le as using the \n-0000e870: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 filesystem. \n-0000e880: 5555 4944 2c20 6275 7420 6973 206d 6f72 UUID, but is mor\n-0000e890: 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2074 6861 6e20 e reliable than \n-0000e8a0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 using the Linux \n-0000e8b0: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2057 device names. W\n-0000e8c0: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 hen. ...GRUB\n-0000e8d0: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 _DISABLE_LINUX_P\n-0000e8e0: 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 ARTUUID... is se\n-0000e8f0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 t to ...false...\n-0000e900: 2c20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e , the Linux kern\n-0000e910: 656c 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e20 el. version \n-0000e920: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 322e 362e 3337 2028 must be 2.6.37 (\n-0000e930: 332e 3130 2066 6f72 2073 7973 7465 6d73 3.10 for systems\n-0000e940: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 204d 5344 4f53 using the MSDOS\n-0000e950: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 partition. \n-0000e960: 7363 6865 6d65 2920 6f72 206e 6577 6572 scheme) or newer\n-0000e970: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2064 . This option d\n-0000e980: 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 7472 efaults to ...tr\n-0000e990: 7565 e280 992e 2020 546f 2065 6e61 626c ue.... To enabl\n-0000e9a0: 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2075 7365 206f e the. use o\n-0000e9b0: 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5555 4944 f partition UUID\n-0000e9c0: 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 s, set this opti\n-0000e9d0: 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c 7365 e280 on to ...false..\n-0000e9e0: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 .......GRUB_DISA\n-0000e9f0: 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 e280 990a BLE_RECOVERY....\n-0000ea00: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 If this opt\n-0000ea10: 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ion is set to ..\n-0000ea20: 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 6469 7361 626c .true..., disabl\n-0000ea30: 6520 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e e the generation\n-0000ea40: 206f 6620 7265 636f 7665 7279 0a20 2020 of recovery. \n-0000ea50: 2020 6d6f 6465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 mode menu entr\n-0000ea60: 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 ies......GRUB_DI\n-0000ea70: 5341 424c 455f 5555 4944 e280 990a 2020 SABLE_UUID.... \n-0000ea80: 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 20e2 8098 Normally, ...\n-0000ea90: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n-0000eaa0: 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d will generate m\n-0000eab0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7468 6174 enu entries that\n-0000eac0: 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 6572 use. univer\n-0000ead0: 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 6465 sally-unique ide\n-0000eae0: 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 4944 7329 ntifiers (UUIDs)\n-0000eaf0: 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2076 6172 to identify var\n-0000eb00: 696f 7573 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 ious. filesy\n-0000eb10: 7374 656d 7320 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 stems to search \n-0000eb20: 666f 7220 6669 6c65 732e 2020 5468 6973 for files. This\n-0000eb30: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 is usually more\n-0000eb40: 2072 656c 6961 626c 652c 0a20 2020 2020 reliable,. \n-0000eb50: 6275 7420 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 but in some case\n-0000eb60: 7320 6974 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 s it may not be \n-0000eb70: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 652e 2020 546f appropriate. To\n-0000eb80: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6869 7320 7573 disable this us\n-0000eb90: 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 5555 4944 732c e. of UUIDs,\n-0000eba0: 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e set this option\n-0000ebb0: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2e20 to ...true.... \n-0000ebc0: 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 Setting this op\n-0000ebd0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 tion to. ...\n-0000ebe0: 7472 7565 e280 992c 2077 696c 6c20 616c true..., will al\n-0000ebf0: 736f 2073 6574 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f so set the optio\n-0000ec00: 6e73 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 ns ...GRUB_DISAB\n-0000ec10: 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 8099 LE_LINUX_UUID...\n-0000ec20: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 and. ...GRU\n-0000ec30: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_DISABLE_LINUX_\n-0000ec40: 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 9920 746f 20e2 PARTUUID... to .\n-0000ec50: 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2075 6e6c 6573 ..true..., unles\n-0000ec60: 7320 7468 6579 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e s they have been\n-0000ec70: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c 6963 696c 7479 . explicilty\n-0000ec80: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c 7365 set to ...false\n-0000ec90: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5649 .........GRUB_VI\n-0000eca0: 4445 4f5f 4241 434b 454e 44e2 8099 0a20 DEO_BACKEND.... \n-0000ecb0: 2020 2020 4966 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c If graphical\n-0000ecc0: 2076 6964 656f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 video support i\n-0000ecd0: 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6569 7468 s required, eith\n-0000ece0: 6572 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 er because the. \n-0000ecf0: 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 ...gfxterm..\n-0000ed00: 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d . graphical term\n-0000ed10: 696e 616c 2069 7320 696e 2075 7365 206f inal is in use o\n-0000ed20: 7220 6265 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 20e2 r because. .\n-0000ed30: 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c 4f41 ..GRUB_GFXPAYLOA\n-0000ed40: 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 D_LINUX... is se\n-0000ed50: 742c 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9867 7275 622d t, then ...grub-\n-0000ed60: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c mkconfig... will\n-0000ed70: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 206c normally. l\n-0000ed80: 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 6176 6169 6c61 626c oad all availabl\n-0000ed90: 6520 4752 5542 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 e GRUB video dri\n-0000eda0: 7665 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7365 2074 6865 vers and use the\n-0000edb0: 206f 6e65 206d 6f73 740a 2020 2020 2061 one most. a\n-0000edc0: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2066 6f72 2079 ppropriate for y\n-0000edd0: 6f75 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2e20 2049 our hardware. I\n-0000ede0: 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6f76 f you need to ov\n-0000edf0: 6572 7269 6465 2074 6869 7320 666f 720a erride this for.\n-0000ee00: 2020 2020 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 6f6e some reason\n-0000ee10: 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 , then you can s\n-0000ee20: 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a et this option..\n-0000ee30: 0a20 2020 2020 4166 7465 7220 e280 9867 . After ...g\n-0000ee40: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2068 rub-install... h\n-0000ee50: 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2c 2074 6865 as been run, the\n-0000ee60: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f available video\n-0000ee70: 2064 7269 7665 7273 2061 7265 0a20 2020 drivers are. \n-0000ee80: 2020 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 e280 982f listed in .../\n-0000ee90: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 7669 6465 6f2e boot/grub/video.\n-0000eea0: 6c73 74e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 lst.........GRUB\n-0000eeb0: 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 990a 2020 2020 _GFXMODE.... \n-0000eec0: 2053 6574 2074 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 Set the resolut\n-0000eed0: 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ion used on the \n-0000eee0: e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 ...gfxterm... gr\n-0000eef0: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c aphical terminal\n-0000ef00: 2e20 204e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 . Note. tha\n-0000ef10: 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2075 t you can only u\n-0000ef20: 7365 206d 6f64 6573 2077 6869 6368 2079 se modes which y\n-0000ef30: 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 6172 our graphics car\n-0000ef40: 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2076 6961 0a20 d supports via. \n-0000ef50: 2020 2020 5645 5341 2042 494f 5320 4578 VESA BIOS Ex\n-0000ef60: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2028 5642 4529 2c20 tensions (VBE), \n-0000ef70: 736f 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206e so for example n\n-0000ef80: 6174 6976 6520 4c43 4420 7061 6e65 6c0a ative LCD panel.\n-0000ef90: 2020 2020 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e73 resolutions\n-0000efa0: 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 may not be avai\n-0000efb0: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 lable. The defa\n-0000efc0: 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 6175 746f e280 ult is ...auto..\n-0000efd0: 992c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7472 ., which. tr\n-0000efe0: 6965 7320 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 6120 ies to select a \n-0000eff0: 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7265 736f 6c75 preferred resolu\n-0000f000: 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2067 6678 tion. *Note gfx\n-0000f010: 6d6f 6465 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 mode::......GRUB\n-0000f020: 5f42 4143 4b47 524f 554e 44e2 8099 0a20 _BACKGROUND.... \n-0000f030: 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 6261 636b 6772 Set a backgr\n-0000f040: 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2075 ound image for u\n-0000f050: 7365 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 9867 se with the ...g\n-0000f060: 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 fxterm... graphi\n-0000f070: 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 cal. termina\n-0000f080: 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 l. The value of\n-0000f090: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 7573 this option mus\n-0000f0a0: 7420 6265 2061 2066 696c 6520 7265 6164 t be a file read\n-0000f0b0: 6162 6c65 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a20 2020 able by GRUB. \n-0000f0c0: 2020 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 at boot time, \n-0000f0d0: 616e 6420 6974 206d 7573 7420 656e 6420 and it must end \n-0000f0e0: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2e70 6e67 e280 992c with ....png...,\n-0000f0f0: 20e2 8098 2e74 6761 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ....tga..., ...\n-0000f100: 2e6a 7067 e280 992c 206f 720a 2020 2020 .jpg..., or. \n-0000f110: 20e2 8098 2e6a 7065 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 ....jpeg.... T\n-0000f120: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2077 696c 6c20 6265 he image will be\n-0000f130: 2073 6361 6c65 6420 6966 206e 6563 6573 scaled if neces\n-0000f140: 7361 7279 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7468 6520 sary to fit the \n-0000f150: 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6d61 screen.. 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G\n-0000f410: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 7375 6666 NU/Linux to suff\n-0000f420: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 er from various \n-0000f430: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 display problems\n-0000f440: 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 0a20 , particularly. \n-0000f450: 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2065 during the e\n-0000f460: 6172 6c79 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 arly part of the\n-0000f470: 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 boot sequence. \n-0000f480: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 726f If you have pro\n-0000f490: 626c 656d 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 blems,. set \n-0000f4a0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 this option to .\n-0000f4b0: 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 ..text... and GR\n-0000f4c0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e UB will tell Lin\n-0000f4d0: 7578 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e0a 2020 ux to boot in. \n-0000f4e0: 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 206d normal text m\n-0000f4f0: 6f64 652e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 ode......GRUB_DI\n-0000f500: 5341 424c 455f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 52e2 SABLE_OS_PROBER.\n-0000f510: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 ... 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Set this o\n-0000f6a0: 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 ption to ...fals\n-0000f6b0: 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2074 e... to enable t\n-0000f6c0: 6869 730a 2020 2020 2066 6561 7475 7265 his. feature\n-0000f6d0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d in the ...grub-\n-0000f6e0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 636f 6d6d mkconfig... comm\n-0000f6f0: 616e 642e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4f53 and......GRUB_OS\n-0000f700: 5f50 524f 4245 525f 534b 4950 5f4c 4953 _PROBER_SKIP_LIS\n-0000f710: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f T.... List o\n-0000f720: 6620 7370 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 7465 f space-separate\n-0000f730: 6420 4653 2055 5549 4473 206f 6620 6669 d FS UUIDs of fi\n-0000f740: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2062 6520 lesystems to be \n-0000f750: 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 ignored from. \n-0000f760: 2020 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 6f75 7470 os-prober outp\n-0000f770: 7574 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 6669 2063 6861 ut. 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This o\n-000100e0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6566 ption is only ef\n-000100f0: 6665 6374 6976 6520 7768 656e 2047 5255 fective when GRU\n-00010100: 4220 7761 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 B was configured\n-00010110: 2077 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 with the. .\n-00010120: 8098 2d2d 656e 6162 6c65 2d71 7569 636b ..--enable-quick\n-00010130: 2d62 6f6f 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2e -boot... option.\n-00010140: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5245 434f 5645 .....GRUB_RECOVE\n-00010150: 5259 5f54 4954 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 RY_TITLE.... \n-00010160: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 6574 This option set\n-00010170: 7320 7468 6520 456e 676c 6973 6820 7465 s the English te\n-00010180: 7874 206f 6620 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 xt of the string\n-00010190: 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 that will be. \n-000101a0: 2020 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2069 6e20 displayed in \n-000101b0: 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 746f 2069 parentheses to i\n-000101c0: 6e64 6963 6174 6520 7468 6174 2061 2062 ndicate that a b\n-000101d0: 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7072 oot option is pr\n-000101e0: 6f76 6964 6564 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2068 ovided. to h\n-000101f0: 656c 7020 7573 6572 7320 7265 636f 7665 elp users recove\n-00010200: 7220 6120 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 r a broken syste\n-00010210: 6d2e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 m. The default \n-00010220: 6973 2022 7265 636f 7665 7279 0a20 2020 is \"recovery. \n-00010230: 2020 6d6f 6465 222e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 mode\"... The\n-00010240: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n-00010250: 6e73 2061 7265 2073 7469 6c6c 2061 6363 ns are still acc\n-00010260: 6570 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 epted for compat\n-00010270: 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 0a65 7869 ibility with.exi\n-00010280: 7374 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 sting configurat\n-00010290: 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 6861 7665 2062 ions, but have b\n-000102a0: 6574 7465 7220 7265 706c 6163 656d 656e etter replacemen\n-000102b0: 7473 3a0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 ts:.....GRUB_HID\n-000102c0: 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 DEN_TIMEOUT.... \n-000102d0: 2020 2020 5761 6974 2074 6869 7320 6d61 Wait this ma\n-000102e0: 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 ny seconds befor\n-000102f0: 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 e displaying the\n-00010300: 206d 656e 752e 2020 4966 203c 4553 433e menu. If \n-00010310: 206f 720a 2020 2020 203c 4634 3e20 6172 or. ar\n-00010320: 6520 7072 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 e pressed, or is held do\n-00010340: 776e 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 wn during that t\n-00010350: 696d 652c 2064 6973 706c 6179 0a20 2020 ime, display. \n-00010360: 2020 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 the menu and w\n-00010370: 6169 7420 666f 7220 696e 7075 7420 6163 ait for input ac\n-00010380: 636f 7264 696e 6720 746f 20e2 8098 4752 cording to ...GR\n-00010390: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 992e 2020 UB_TIMEOUT.... \n-000103a0: 4966 2061 0a20 2020 2020 686f 746b 6579 If a. hotkey\n-000103b0: 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 associated with\n-000103c0: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 a menu entry is\n-000103d0: 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 626f 6f74 2074 pressed, boot t\n-000103e0: 6865 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 640a 2020 he associated. \n-000103f0: 2020 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d menu entry im\n-00010400: 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 mediately. If t\n-00010410: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 he timeout expir\n-00010420: 6573 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6569 7468 6572 es before either\n-00010430: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7365 2068 of. these h\n-00010440: 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 appens, display \n-00010450: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2066 6f72 2074 6865 the menu for the\n-00010460: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e number of secon\n-00010470: 6473 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a20 2020 ds specified. \n-00010480: 2020 696e 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d in ...GRUB_TIM\n-00010490: 454f 5554 e280 9920 6265 666f 7265 2062 EOUT... before b\n-000104a0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 ooting the defau\n-000104b0: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 lt entry... \n-000104c0: 4966 2079 6f75 2073 6574 20e2 8098 4752 If you set ...GR\n-000104d0: 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 UB_HIDDEN_TIMEOU\n-000104e0: 54e2 8099 2c20 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 T..., you should\n-000104f0: 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 740a 2020 2020 20e2 also set. .\n-00010500: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 3d30 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT=0\n-00010510: e280 9920 736f 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 ... so that the \n-00010520: 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6469 7370 menu is not disp\n-00010530: 6c61 7965 6420 6174 2061 6c6c 2075 6e6c layed at all unl\n-00010540: 6573 730a 2020 2020 203c 4553 433e 206f ess. o\n-00010550: 7220 3c46 343e 2061 7265 2070 7265 7373 r are press\n-00010560: 6564 2c20 6f72 203c 5348 4946 543e 2069 ed, or i\n-00010570: 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 s held down... \n-00010580: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 This option i\n-00010590: 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 s unset by defau\n-000105a0: 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 lt, and is depre\n-000105b0: 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 cated in favour \n-000105c0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 of the. less\n-000105d0: 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 confusing ...GR\n-000105e0: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 UB_TIMEOUT_STYLE\n-000105f0: 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 =countdown... or\n-00010600: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 . ...GRUB_TI\n-00010610: 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 6464 MEOUT_STYLE=hidd\n-00010620: 656e e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f en.........GRUB_\n-00010630: 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f51 HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_Q\n-00010640: 5549 4554 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 UIET.... In \n-00010650: 636f 6e6a 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7769 7468 conjunction with\n-00010660: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f ...GRUB_HIDDEN_\n-00010670: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 7365 7420 TIMEOUT..., set \n-00010680: 7468 6973 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 this to ...true.\n-00010690: 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 7072 .. to. suppr\n-000106a0: 6573 7320 7468 6520 7665 7262 6f73 6520 ess the verbose \n-000106b0: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 7768 696c 6520 countdown while \n-000106c0: 7761 6974 696e 6720 666f 7220 6120 6b65 waiting for a ke\n-000106d0: 7920 746f 2062 650a 2020 2020 2070 7265 y to be. pre\n-000106e0: 7373 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6469 7370 ssed before disp\n-000106f0: 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752e laying the menu.\n-00010700: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 .. This opti\n-00010710: 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 on is unset by d\n-00010720: 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 efault, and is d\n-00010730: 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 eprecated in fav\n-00010740: 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 our of the. \n-00010750: 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 less confusing .\n-00010760: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n-00010770: 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 TYLE=countdown..\n-00010780: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4849 4444 .......GRUB_HIDD\n-00010790: 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f EN_TIMEOUT_BUTTO\n-000107a0: 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5661 7269 616e N.... Varian\n-000107b0: 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 t of ...GRUB_HID\n-000107c0: 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 DEN_TIMEOUT..., \n-000107d0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 used to support \n-000107e0: 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 630a vendor-specific.\n-000107f0: 2020 2020 2070 6f77 6572 2062 7574 746f power butto\n-00010800: 6e73 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2056 656e 646f ns. *Note Vendo\n-00010810: 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a r power-on keys:\n-00010820: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 :... This op\n-00010830: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 tion is unset by\n-00010840: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 default, and is\n-00010850: 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 deprecated in f\n-00010860: 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 avour of the. \n-00010870: 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 less confusing\n-00010880: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n-00010890: 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e _STYLE=countdown\n-000108a0: e280 9920 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 ... or. ...G\n-000108b0: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c RUB_TIMEOUT_STYL\n-000108c0: 453d 6869 6464 656e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 E=hidden...... \n-000108d0: 2046 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c For more detail\n-000108e0: 6564 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7361 7469 6f6e ed customisation\n-000108f0: 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f of ...grub-mkco\n-00010900: 6e66 6967 e280 9927 7320 6f75 7470 7574 nfig...'s output\n-00010910: 2c20 796f 7520 6d61 790a 6564 6974 2074 , you may.edit t\n-00010920: 6865 2073 6372 6970 7473 2069 6e20 e280 he scripts in ..\n-00010930: 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 e280 9920 ./etc/grub.d... \n-00010940: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 20e2 8098 2f65 directly. .../e\n-00010950: 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 tc/grub.d/40_cus\n-00010960: 746f 6de2 8099 2069 730a 7061 7274 6963 tom... is.partic\n-00010970: 756c 6172 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f ularly useful fo\n-00010980: 7220 6164 6469 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 6520 r adding entire \n-00010990: 6375 7374 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 custom menu entr\n-000109a0: 6965 733b 2073 696d 706c 7920 7479 7065 ies; simply type\n-000109b0: 0a74 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 .the menu entrie\n-000109c0: 7320 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6164 s you want to ad\n-000109d0: 6420 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 d at the end of \n-000109e0: 7468 6174 2066 696c 652c 206d 616b 696e that file, makin\n-000109f0: 6720 7375 7265 2074 6f0a 6c65 6176 6520 g sure to.leave \n-00010a00: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2074 6865 2066 6972 at least the fir\n-00010a10: 7374 2074 776f 206c 696e 6573 2069 6e74 st two lines int\n-00010a20: 6163 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 act.....File: gr\n-00010a30: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00010a40: 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 Root Identifcati\n-00010a50: 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 732c 2020 on Heuristics, \n-00010a60: 4e65 7874 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 Next: Shell-like\n-00010a70: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 scripting, Pre\n-00010a80: 763a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 v: Simple config\n-00010a90: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f uration, Up: Co\n-00010aa0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e32 nfiguration..6.2\n-00010ab0: 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 Root Identifcat\n-00010ac0: 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 0a3d ion Heuristics.=\n-00010ad0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0000c0a0: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 =..The program .\n+0000c0b0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n+0000c0c0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 .. (*note Invoki\n+0000c0d0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n+0000c0e0: 3a3a 2920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 730a e280 ::) generates...\n+0000c0f0: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 696c .grub.cfg... fil\n+0000c100: 6573 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 es suitable for \n+0000c110: 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2e20 2049 7420 most cases. It \n+0000c120: 6973 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 is suitable for \n+0000c130: 7573 6520 7768 656e 0a75 7067 7261 6469 use when.upgradi\n+0000c140: 6e67 2061 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f ng a distributio\n+0000c150: 6e2c 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7363 n, and will disc\n+0000c160: 6f76 6572 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206b over available k\n+0000c170: 6572 6e65 6c73 2061 6e64 0a61 7474 656d ernels and.attem\n+0000c180: 7074 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d pt to generate m\n+0000c190: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 enu entries for \n+0000c1a0: 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 them... ...gru\n+0000c1b0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 646f b-mkconfig... do\n+0000c1c0: 6573 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 206c 696d es have some lim\n+0000c1d0: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 itations. While\n+0000c1e0: 2061 6464 696e 6720 6578 7472 610a 6375 adding extra.cu\n+0000c1f0: 7374 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 stom menu entrie\n+0000c200: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 s to the end of \n+0000c210: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 2063 616e 2062 6520 the list can be \n+0000c220: 646f 6e65 2062 7920 6564 6974 696e 670a done by editing.\n+0000c230: e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 .../etc/grub.d/4\n+0000c240: 305f 6375 7374 6f6d e280 9920 6f72 2063 0_custom... or c\n+0000c250: 7265 6174 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 reating .../boot\n+0000c260: 2f67 7275 622f 6375 7374 6f6d 2e63 6667 /grub/custom.cfg\n+0000c270: e280 992c 2063 6861 6e67 696e 670a 7468 ..., changing.th\n+0000c280: 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 206d 656e 7520 e order of menu \n+0000c290: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 entries or chang\n+0000c2a0: 696e 6720 7468 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 ing their titles\n+0000c2b0: 206d 6179 2072 6571 7569 7265 206d 616b may require mak\n+0000c2c0: 696e 670a 636f 6d70 6c65 7820 6368 616e ing.complex chan\n+0000c2d0: 6765 7320 746f 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 ges to shell scr\n+0000c2e0: 6970 7473 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 ipts stored in .\n+0000c2f0: 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f e280 ../etc/grub.d/..\n+0000c300: 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 2062 650a .. This may be.\n+0000c310: 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 improved in the \n+0000c320: 6675 7475 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 future. In the \n+0000c330: 6d65 616e 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6f73 6520 meantime, those \n+0000c340: 7768 6f20 6665 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 who feel that it\n+0000c350: 2077 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 6561 7369 6572 would.be easier\n+0000c360: 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 e280 9867 7275 to write ...gru\n+0000c370: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746c b.cfg... directl\n+0000c380: 7920 6172 6520 656e 636f 7572 6167 6564 y are encouraged\n+0000c390: 2074 6f20 646f 2073 6f20 282a 6e6f 7465 to do so (*note\n+0000c3a0: 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 .Booting::, and \n+0000c3b0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 *note Shell-like\n+0000c3c0: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292c 2061 scripting::), a\n+0000c3d0: 6e64 2074 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 616e nd to disable an\n+0000c3e0: 7920 7379 7374 656d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 y system.provide\n+0000c3f0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 6972 2064 6973 7472 d by their distr\n+0000c400: 6962 7574 696f 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d ibution to autom\n+0000c410: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 756e 20e2 8098 atically run ...\n+0000c420: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+0000c430: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 ... The file .\n+0000c440: 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 ../etc/default/g\n+0000c450: 7275 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 rub... controls \n+0000c460: 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 the operation of\n+0000c470: 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ....grub-mkconfi\n+0000c480: 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 6f75 g.... It is sou\n+0000c490: 7263 6564 2062 7920 6120 7368 656c 6c20 rced by a shell \n+0000c4a0: 7363 7269 7074 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206d script, and so m\n+0000c4b0: 7573 7420 6265 2076 616c 6964 0a50 4f53 ust be valid.POS\n+0000c4c0: 4958 2073 6865 6c6c 2069 6e70 7574 3b20 IX shell input; \n+0000c4d0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2077 696c normally, it wil\n+0000c4e0: 6c20 6a75 7374 2062 6520 6120 7365 7175 l just be a sequ\n+0000c4f0: 656e 6365 206f 6620 e280 984b 4559 3d76 ence of ...KEY=v\n+0000c500: 616c 7565 e280 990a 6c69 6e65 732c 2062 alue....lines, b\n+0000c510: 7574 2069 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 ut if the value \n+0000c520: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2073 7061 6365 7320 contains spaces \n+0000c530: 6f72 206f 7468 6572 2073 7065 6369 616c or other special\n+0000c540: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 7468 656e characters then\n+0000c550: 0a69 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7175 6f74 .it must be quot\n+0000c560: 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ed. For example\n+0000c570: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f54 4552 :.. GRUB_TER\n+0000c580: 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 543d 2263 6f6e MINAL_INPUT=\"con\n+0000c590: 736f 6c65 2073 6572 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 sole serial\".. \n+0000c5a0: 2056 616c 6964 206b 6579 7320 696e 20e2 Valid keys in .\n+0000c5b0: 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 ../etc/default/g\n+0000c5c0: 7275 62e2 8099 2061 7265 2061 7320 666f rub... are as fo\n+0000c5d0: 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f llows:.....GRUB_\n+0000c5e0: 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 DEFAULT.... \n+0000c5f0: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 The default menu\n+0000c600: 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 entry. This ma\n+0000c610: 7920 6265 2061 206e 756d 6265 722c 2069 y be a number, i\n+0000c620: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 740a n which case it.\n+0000c630: 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 identifies \n+0000c640: 7468 6520 4e74 6820 656e 7472 7920 696e the Nth entry in\n+0000c650: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 206d the generated m\n+0000c660: 656e 7520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d enu counted from\n+0000c670: 207a 6572 6f2c 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 2074 zero,. or t\n+0000c680: 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 6120 6d65 he title of a me\n+0000c690: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 nu entry, or the\n+0000c6a0: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 special string \n+0000c6b0: e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 992e 2020 5573 ...saved.... Us\n+0000c6c0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 6420 ing. the id \n+0000c6d0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6966 may be useful if\n+0000c6e0: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 you want to set\n+0000c6f0: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6173 a menu entry as\n+0000c700: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 the default. \n+0000c710: 2020 6576 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 even though th\n+0000c720: 6572 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2076 6172 ere may be a var\n+0000c730: 6961 626c 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 iable number of \n+0000c740: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 2069 entries before i\n+0000c750: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 t... For exa\n+0000c760: 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 mple, if you hav\n+0000c770: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 e:.. menuent\n+0000c780: 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 474e 552f ry 'Example GNU/\n+0000c790: 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 Linux distributi\n+0000c7a0: 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 676e 752d on' --class gnu-\n+0000c7b0: 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 6d70 linux --id examp\n+0000c7c0: 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 207b 0a20 le-gnu-linux {. \n+0000c7d0: 2020 2020 092e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a ..... }.\n+0000c7e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 . then you c\n+0000c7f0: 616e 206d 616b 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 an make this the\n+0000c800: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a default using:.\n+0000c810: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f . GRUB_\n+0000c820: 4445 4641 554c 543d 6578 616d 706c 652d DEFAULT=example-\n+0000c830: 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 2020 gnu-linux.. \n+0000c840: 5072 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2069 7420 7761 Previously it wa\n+0000c850: 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2074 6865 s documented the\n+0000c860: 2077 6179 2074 6f20 7573 6520 656e 7472 way to use entr\n+0000c870: 7920 7469 746c 652e 2020 5768 696c 650a y title. While.\n+0000c880: 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 7374 696c 6c20 this still \n+0000c890: 776f 726b 7320 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2072 works it's not r\n+0000c8a0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 ecommended since\n+0000c8b0: 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 636f titles often co\n+0000c8c0: 6e74 6169 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 7461 ntain. unsta\n+0000c8d0: 626c 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 ble device names\n+0000c8e0: 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7472 616e and may be tran\n+0000c8f0: 736c 6174 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 slated.. If \n+0000c900: 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 6973 2074 6f20 you set this to \n+0000c910: e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 992c 2074 6865 ...saved..., the\n+0000c920: 6e20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 n the default me\n+0000c930: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 nu entry will be\n+0000c940: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2073 6176 6564 . that saved\n+0000c950: 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 by ...GRUB_SAVE\n+0000c960: 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 DEFAULT... or ..\n+0000c970: 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c .grub-set-defaul\n+0000c980: 74e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 t.... This. \n+0000c990: 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 relies on the e\n+0000c9a0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+0000c9b0: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 , which may not \n+0000c9c0: 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 be available in \n+0000c9d0: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6974 7561 7469 all. situati\n+0000c9e0: 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 ons (*note Envir\n+0000c9f0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e onment block::).\n+0000ca00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 .. The defau\n+0000ca10: 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9830 e280 992e 0a0a lt is ...0......\n+0000ca20: e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 ...GRUB_SAVEDEFA\n+0000ca30: 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 ULT.... If t\n+0000ca40: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n+0000ca50: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c t to ...true...,\n+0000ca60: 2074 6865 6e2c 2077 6865 6e20 616e 2065 then, when an e\n+0000ca70: 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 ntry is selected\n+0000ca80: 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6176 6520 6974 2061 ,. save it a\n+0000ca90: 7320 6120 6e65 7720 6465 6661 756c 7420 s a new default \n+0000caa0: 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 7573 6520 6279 entry for use by\n+0000cab0: 2066 7574 7572 6520 7275 6e73 206f 6620 future runs of \n+0000cac0: 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 GRUB. This. \n+0000cad0: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 is only useful i\n+0000cae0: 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c f ...GRUB_DEFAUL\n+0000caf0: 543d 7361 7665 64e2 8099 3b20 6974 2069 T=saved...; it i\n+0000cb00: 7320 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 206f 7074 s a separate opt\n+0000cb10: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6563 6175 7365 ion. because\n+0000cb20: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 ...GRUB_DEFAULT\n+0000cb30: 3d73 6176 6564 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 =saved... is use\n+0000cb40: 6675 6c20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6973 ful without this\n+0000cb50: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 option, in. \n+0000cb60: 2063 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 conjunction wit\n+0000cb70: 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 h ...grub-set-de\n+0000cb80: 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2055 6e73 6574 fault.... Unset\n+0000cb90: 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 by default. Th\n+0000cba0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2072 is. option r\n+0000cbb0: 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 elies on the env\n+0000cbc0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 ironment block, \n+0000cbd0: 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 which may not be\n+0000cbe0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 available. \n+0000cbf0: 696e 2061 6c6c 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e in all situation\n+0000cc00: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e s (*note Environ\n+0000cc10: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a ment block::)...\n+0000cc20: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT.\n+0000cc30: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 ... Boot the\n+0000cc40: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2074 default entry t\n+0000cc50: 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 his many seconds\n+0000cc60: 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 after the menu \n+0000cc70: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 is. displaye\n+0000cc80: 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6120 6b65 7920 d, unless a key \n+0000cc90: 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2e20 2054 6865 is pressed. The\n+0000cca0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9835 default is ...5\n+0000ccb0: e280 992e 2020 5365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 .... Set to. \n+0000ccc0: 2020 e280 9830 e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f ...0... to boo\n+0000ccd0: 7420 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 7769 t immediately wi\n+0000cce0: 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 thout displaying\n+0000ccf0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 206f 7220 746f the menu, or to\n+0000cd00: 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 ...-1... to. \n+0000cd10: 2020 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 wait indefinit\n+0000cd20: 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 ely... If ..\n+0000cd30: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 .GRUB_TIMEOUT_ST\n+0000cd40: 594c 45e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f YLE... is set to\n+0000cd50: 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 ...countdown...\n+0000cd60: 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 or ...hidden...\n+0000cd70: 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 696d 656f , the. timeo\n+0000cd80: 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f ut is instead co\n+0000cd90: 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 unted before the\n+0000cda0: 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 menu is display\n+0000cdb0: 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d ed......GRUB_TIM\n+0000cdc0: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 990a 2020 EOUT_STYLE.... \n+0000cdd0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f If this optio\n+0000cde0: 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 206f 7220 7365 n is unset or se\n+0000cdf0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c t to ...menu...,\n+0000ce00: 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 then GRUB will \n+0000ce10: 6469 7370 6c61 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 display. the\n+0000ce20: 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 7468 656e 2077 menu and then w\n+0000ce30: 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 ait for the time\n+0000ce40: 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 out set by ...GR\n+0000ce50: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 746f UB_TIMEOUT... to\n+0000ce60: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 2062 6566 . expire bef\n+0000ce70: 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 ore booting the \n+0000ce80: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 default entry. \n+0000ce90: 5072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 206b 6579 2069 Pressing a key i\n+0000cea0: 6e74 6572 7275 7074 730a 2020 2020 2074 nterrupts. t\n+0000ceb0: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 he timeout... \n+0000cec0: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e If this option\n+0000ced0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f is set to ...co\n+0000cee0: 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 untdown... or ..\n+0000cef0: 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 656e .hidden..., then\n+0000cf00: 2c20 6265 666f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 , before. di\n+0000cf10: 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e splaying the men\n+0000cf20: 752c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 u, GRUB will wai\n+0000cf30: 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 t for the timeou\n+0000cf40: 7420 7365 7420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 t set by. ..\n+0000cf50: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 .GRUB_TIMEOUT...\n+0000cf60: 2074 6f20 6578 7069 7265 2e20 2049 6620 to expire. If \n+0000cf70: 3c45 5343 3e20 6f72 203c 4634 3e20 6172 or ar\n+0000cf80: 6520 7072 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 e pressed, or . is he\n+0000cfa0: 6c64 2064 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 ld down during t\n+0000cfb0: 6861 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 6974 2077 696c hat time, it wil\n+0000cfc0: 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6d65 l display the me\n+0000cfd0: 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 nu and wait. \n+0000cfe0: 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 2e20 2049 6620 for input. If \n+0000cff0: 6120 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 6f63 6961 a hotkey associa\n+0000d000: 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 ted with a menu \n+0000d010: 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 entry is pressed\n+0000d020: 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 , it. will b\n+0000d030: 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6173 736f 6369 6174 oot the associat\n+0000d040: 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d ed menu entry im\n+0000d050: 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 mediately. If t\n+0000d060: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 he timeout. \n+0000d070: 6578 7069 7265 7320 6265 666f 7265 2065 expires before e\n+0000d080: 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2068 ither of these h\n+0000d090: 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 appens, it will \n+0000d0a0: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 boot the default\n+0000d0b0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 792e 2020 496e . entry. In\n+0000d0c0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 the ...countdow\n+0000d0d0: 6ee2 8099 2063 6173 652c 2069 7420 7769 n... case, it wi\n+0000d0e0: 6c6c 2073 686f 7720 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 ll show a one-li\n+0000d0f0: 6e65 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 ne indication. \n+0000d100: 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e of the remain\n+0000d110: 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 ing time......GR\n+0000d120: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f UB_DEFAULT_BUTTO\n+0000d130: 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d N.......GRUB_TIM\n+0000d140: 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 EOUT_BUTTON.....\n+0000d150: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n+0000d160: 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 TYLE_BUTTON.....\n+0000d170: 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d ..GRUB_BUTTON_CM\n+0000d180: 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 990a 2020 OS_ADDRESS.... \n+0000d190: 2020 2056 6172 6961 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 Variants of t\n+0000d1a0: 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 he corresponding\n+0000d1b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f variables witho\n+0000d1c0: 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f ut the ..._BUTTO\n+0000d1d0: 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 6978 N.... suffix\n+0000d1e0: 2c20 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 , used to suppor\n+0000d1f0: 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 t vendor-specifi\n+0000d200: 6320 706f 7765 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 732e c power buttons.\n+0000d210: 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2056 656e *Note. Ven\n+0000d220: 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 dor power-on key\n+0000d230: 733a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 s::......GRUB_DI\n+0000d240: 5354 5249 4255 544f 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 STRIBUTOR.... \n+0000d250: 2020 5365 7420 6279 2064 6973 7472 6962 Set by distrib\n+0000d260: 7574 6f72 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f utors of GRUB to\n+0000d270: 2074 6865 6972 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 their identifyi\n+0000d280: 6e67 206e 616d 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 ng name. This i\n+0000d290: 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 s. used to g\n+0000d2a0: 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 enerate more inf\n+0000d2b0: 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e ormative menu en\n+0000d2c0: 7472 7920 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 try titles......\n+0000d2d0: 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e GRUB_TERMINAL_IN\n+0000d2e0: 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 PUT.... Sele\n+0000d2f0: 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ct the terminal \n+0000d300: 696e 7075 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 input device. Y\n+0000d310: 6f75 206d 6179 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 ou may select mu\n+0000d320: 6c74 6970 6c65 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 ltiple devices. \n+0000d330: 2020 2020 6865 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 here, separa\n+0000d340: 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a ted by spaces...\n+0000d350: 2020 2020 2056 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 Valid termi\n+0000d360: 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 nal input names \n+0000d370: 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c depend on the pl\n+0000d380: 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 atform, but may \n+0000d390: 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 include. ...\n+0000d3a0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 console... (nati\n+0000d3b0: 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 ve platform cons\n+0000d3c0: 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 ole), ...serial.\n+0000d3d0: 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 .. (serial termi\n+0000d3e0: 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 nal),. ...se\n+0000d3f0: 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 rial_... (\n+0000d400: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n+0000d410: 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f with explicit po\n+0000d420: 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 rt selection),. \n+0000d430: 2020 2020 e280 9861 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 ...at_keyboa\n+0000d440: 7264 e280 9920 2850 4320 4154 206b 6579 rd... (PC AT key\n+0000d450: 626f 6172 6429 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 7573 board), or ...us\n+0000d460: 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2855 b_keyboard... (U\n+0000d470: 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a 2020 2020 SB keyboard. \n+0000d480: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2048 4944 2042 using the HID B\n+0000d490: 6f6f 7420 5072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 666f oot Protocol, fo\n+0000d4a0: 7220 6361 7365 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 r cases where th\n+0000d4b0: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 7320 e firmware does \n+0000d4c0: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2068 616e 646c 6520 not. handle \n+0000d4d0: 7468 6973 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 this)... The\n+0000d4e0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 default is to u\n+0000d4f0: 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 se the platform'\n+0000d500: 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 s native termina\n+0000d510: 6c20 696e 7075 742e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 l input......GRU\n+0000d520: 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 B_TERMINAL_OUTPU\n+0000d530: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 T.... Select\n+0000d540: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 the terminal ou\n+0000d550: 7470 7574 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 596f tput device. Yo\n+0000d560: 7520 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 6374 206d 756c u may select mul\n+0000d570: 7469 706c 6520 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 tiple devices. \n+0000d580: 2020 2068 6572 652c 2073 6570 6172 6174 here, separat\n+0000d590: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 ed by spaces... \n+0000d5a0: 2020 2020 5661 6c69 6420 7465 726d 696e Valid termin\n+0000d5b0: 616c 206f 7574 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 al output names \n+0000d5c0: 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c depend on the pl\n+0000d5d0: 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 atform, but may \n+0000d5e0: 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 include. ...\n+0000d5f0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 console... (nati\n+0000d600: 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 ve platform cons\n+0000d610: 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 ole), ...serial.\n+0000d620: 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 .. (serial termi\n+0000d630: 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 nal),. ...se\n+0000d640: 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 rial_... (\n+0000d650: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n+0000d660: 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f with explicit po\n+0000d670: 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 rt selection),. \n+0000d680: 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 ...gfxterm..\n+0000d690: 9920 2867 7261 7068 6963 732d 6d6f 6465 . (graphics-mode\n+0000d6a0: 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c20 e280 9876 6761 output), ...vga\n+0000d6b0: 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2028 5647 4120 7465 _text... (VGA te\n+0000d6c0: 7874 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c0a 2020 2020 xt output),. \n+0000d6d0: 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 ...mda_text... \n+0000d6e0: 284d 4441 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 (MDA text output\n+0000d6f0: 292c 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2028 ), ...morse... (\n+0000d700: 4d6f 7273 652d 636f 6469 6e67 2075 7369 Morse-coding usi\n+0000d710: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2062 ng system. b\n+0000d720: 6565 7065 7229 206f 7220 e280 9873 706b eeper) or ...spk\n+0000d730: 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2028 7369 6d70 6c65 modem... (simple\n+0000d740: 2064 6174 6120 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2075 data protocol u\n+0000d750: 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7370 6561 sing system spea\n+0000d760: 6b65 7229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 ker)... ...s\n+0000d770: 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 pkmodem... is us\n+0000d780: 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 6572 eful when no ser\n+0000d790: 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 ial port is avai\n+0000d7a0: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 436f 6e6e 6563 7420 lable. Connect \n+0000d7b0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 the. output \n+0000d7c0: 6f66 2073 656e 6469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 of sending syste\n+0000d7d0: 6d20 2877 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 6973 m (where GRUB is\n+0000d7e0: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2920 746f 206c 696e running) to lin\n+0000d7f0: 652d 696e 206f 660a 2020 2020 2072 6563 e-in of. rec\n+0000d800: 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2875 eiving system (u\n+0000d810: 7375 616c 6c79 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 sually developer\n+0000d820: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 292e 2020 4f6e 2072 machine). On r\n+0000d830: 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a eceiving system.\n+0000d840: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 20e2 8098 compile ...\n+0000d850: 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 76e2 8099 spkmodem-recv...\n+0000d860: 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9875 7469 6c2f 7370 from ...util/sp\n+0000d870: 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 762e 63e2 8099 kmodem-recv.c...\n+0000d880: 2061 6e64 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 and run:.. \n+0000d890: 2020 2020 2070 6172 6563 6f72 6420 2d2d parecord --\n+0000d8a0: 6368 616e 6e65 6c73 3d31 202d 2d72 6174 channels=1 --rat\n+0000d8b0: 653d 3438 3030 3020 2d2d 666f 726d 6174 e=48000 --format\n+0000d8c0: 3d73 3136 6c65 207c 202e 2f73 706b 6d6f =s16le | ./spkmo\n+0000d8d0: 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 dem-recv.. T\n+0000d8e0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f he default is to\n+0000d8f0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 use the platfor\n+0000d900: 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 m's native termi\n+0000d910: 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0ae2 8098 nal output......\n+0000d920: 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4ce2 8099 GRUB_TERMINAL...\n+0000d930: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 . If this op\n+0000d940: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 tion is set, it \n+0000d950: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 626f 7468 20e2 overrides both .\n+0000d960: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f ..GRUB_TERMINAL_\n+0000d970: 494e 5055 54e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 INPUT... and. \n+0000d980: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e ...GRUB_TERMIN\n+0000d990: 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 AL_OUTPUT... to \n+0000d9a0: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2076 616c 7565 2e0a the same value..\n+0000d9b0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4552 4941 4c5f ....GRUB_SERIAL_\n+0000d9c0: 434f 4d4d 414e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 COMMAND.... \n+0000d9d0: 4120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 2063 6f6e A command to con\n+0000d9e0: 6669 6775 7265 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 figure the seria\n+0000d9f0: 6c20 706f 7274 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e l port when usin\n+0000da00: 6720 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 0a20 2020 g the serial. \n+0000da10: 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 console. *Not\n+0000da20: 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2e20 2044 6566 e serial::. Def\n+0000da30: 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 7365 7269 aults to ...seri\n+0000da40: 616c e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f al.........GRUB_\n+0000da50: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 CMDLINE_LINUX...\n+0000da60: 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 . Command-li\n+0000da70: 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f20 ne arguments to \n+0000da80: 6164 6420 746f 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 add to menu entr\n+0000da90: 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 ies for the Linu\n+0000daa0: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 x kernel......GR\n+0000dab0: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_CMDLINE_LINUX\n+0000dac0: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 _DEFAULT.... \n+0000dad0: 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f Unless ...GRUB_\n+0000dae0: 4449 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 DISABLE_RECOVERY\n+0000daf0: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ... is set to ..\n+0000db00: 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 7477 6f20 6d65 .true..., two me\n+0000db10: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 2020 nu entries. \n+0000db20: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 will be generate\n+0000db30: 6420 666f 7220 6561 6368 204c 696e 7578 d for each Linux\n+0000db40: 206b 6572 6e65 6c3a 206f 6e65 2064 6566 kernel: one def\n+0000db50: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2061 6e64 206f ault entry and o\n+0000db60: 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 666f ne. entry fo\n+0000db70: 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 652e r recovery mode.\n+0000db80: 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6c69 This option li\n+0000db90: 7374 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 sts command-line\n+0000dba0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 arguments. \n+0000dbb0: 746f 2061 6464 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2074 to add only to t\n+0000dbc0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 he default menu \n+0000dbd0: 656e 7472 792c 2061 6674 6572 2074 686f entry, after tho\n+0000dbe0: 7365 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 0a20 2020 se listed in. \n+0000dbf0: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e ...GRUB_CMDLIN\n+0000dc00: 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 E_LINUX.........\n+0000dc10: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e GRUB_CMDLINE_LIN\n+0000dc20: 5558 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 8099 0a20 UX_RECOVERY.... \n+0000dc30: 2020 2020 556e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 4752 Unless ...GR\n+0000dc40: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 4f56 UB_DISABLE_RECOV\n+0000dc50: 4552 59e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f ERY... is set to\n+0000dc60: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 776f ...true..., two\n+0000dc70: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 menu entries. \n+0000dc80: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 will be gener\n+0000dc90: 6174 6564 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 4c69 ated for each Li\n+0000dca0: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 3a20 6f6e 6520 nux kernel: one \n+0000dcb0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 616e default entry an\n+0000dcc0: 6420 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 d one. entry\n+0000dcd0: 2066 6f72 2072 6563 6f76 6572 7920 6d6f for recovery mo\n+0000dce0: 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e de. This option\n+0000dcf0: 206c 6973 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c lists command-l\n+0000dd00: 696e 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 ine arguments. \n+0000dd10: 2020 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6f6e 6c79 2074 to add only t\n+0000dd20: 6f20 7468 6520 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d o the recovery m\n+0000dd30: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2062 6566 6f72 enu entry, befor\n+0000dd40: 6520 7468 6f73 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2069 e those listed i\n+0000dd50: 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 n. ...GRUB_C\n+0000dd60: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 992e MDLINE_LINUX....\n+0000dd70: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+0000dd80: 20e2 8098 7369 6e67 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a ...single......\n+0000dd90: e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ...GRUB_CMDLINE_\n+0000dda0: 4e45 5442 5344 e280 990a e280 9847 5255 NETBSD.......GRU\n+0000ddb0: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 B_CMDLINE_NETBSD\n+0000ddc0: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 _DEFAULT.... \n+0000ddd0: 2041 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c As ...GRUB_CMDL\n+0000dde0: 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2061 6e64 INE_LINUX... and\n+0000ddf0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 ...GRUB_CMDLINE\n+0000de00: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 _LINUX_DEFAULT..\n+0000de10: 992c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 ., but for. \n+0000de20: 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 NetBSD......GRUB\n+0000de30: 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f47 4e55 4d41 4348 _CMDLINE_GNUMACH\n+0000de40: e280 990a 2020 2020 2041 7320 e280 9847 .... As ...G\n+0000de50: 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_CMDLINE_LINU\n+0000de60: 58e2 8099 2c20 6275 7420 666f 7220 474e X..., but for GN\n+0000de70: 5520 4d61 6368 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 U Mach......GRUB\n+0000de80: 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f58 454e e280 990a _CMDLINE_XEN....\n+0000de90: e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ...GRUB_CMDLINE_\n+0000dea0: 5845 4e5f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 XEN_DEFAULT.... \n+0000deb0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6573 206f The values o\n+0000dec0: 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 f these options \n+0000ded0: 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 5865 are passed to Xe\n+0000dee0: 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2058 656e n hypervisor Xen\n+0000def0: 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 menu. entri\n+0000df00: 6573 2c20 666f 7220 616c 6c20 7265 7370 es, for all resp\n+0000df10: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 ectively normal \n+0000df20: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 entries......GRU\n+0000df30: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_CMDLINE_LINUX_\n+0000df40: 5845 4e5f 5245 504c 4143 45e2 8099 0ae2 XEN_REPLACE.....\n+0000df50: 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c ..GRUB_CMDLINE_L\n+0000df60: 494e 5558 5f58 454e 5f52 4550 4c41 4345 INUX_XEN_REPLACE\n+0000df70: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 _DEFAULT.... \n+0000df80: 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 The values of t\n+0000df90: 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2072 6570 hese options rep\n+0000dfa0: 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 lace the values \n+0000dfb0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f of. ...GRUB_\n+0000dfc0: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 CMDLINE_LINUX...\n+0000dfd0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 and ...GRUB_CMD\n+0000dfe0: 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 LINE_LINUX_DEFAU\n+0000dff0: 4c54 e280 9920 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 LT... for Linux \n+0000e000: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2058 656e 206d 656e and. Xen men\n+0000e010: 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 u entries......G\n+0000e020: 5255 425f 544f 505f 4c45 5645 4ce2 8099 RUB_TOP_LEVEL...\n+0000e030: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 ....GRUB_TOP_LEV\n+0000e040: 454c 5f58 454e e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 EL_XEN.... T\n+0000e050: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c his option shoul\n+0000e060: 6420 6265 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 d be an absolute\n+0000e070: 2070 6174 6820 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 path to a kerne\n+0000e080: 6c20 696d 6167 652e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 l image. If. \n+0000e090: 2020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 7468 6520 provided, the \n+0000e0a0: 696d 6167 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 image specified \n+0000e0b0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 6465 2074 6865 will be made the\n+0000e0c0: 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2065 6e74 7279 top-level entry\n+0000e0d0: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2066 if. it is f\n+0000e0e0: 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7363 616e ound in the scan\n+0000e0f0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c ......GRUB_TOP_L\n+0000e100: 4556 454c 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 e280 EVEL_OS_PROBER..\n+0000e110: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 .. This opti\n+0000e120: 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c on should be a l\n+0000e130: 696e 6520 6f66 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 ine of output fr\n+0000e140: 6f6d 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 om ...os-prober.\n+0000e150: 8099 2e20 2041 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ... As. ...\n+0000e160: 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c e280 GRUB_TOP_LEVEL..\n+0000e170: 992c 2069 6620 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 ., if provided, \n+0000e180: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 7370 6563 6966 the image specif\n+0000e190: 6965 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 6465 ied will be made\n+0000e1a0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 746f 702d 6c65 the. top-le\n+0000e1b0: 7665 6c20 656e 7472 7920 6966 2069 7420 vel entry if it \n+0000e1c0: 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 is found in the \n+0000e1d0: 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 scan......GRUB_E\n+0000e1e0: 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 ARLY_INITRD_LINU\n+0000e1f0: 585f 4355 5354 4f4d e280 990a e280 9847 X_CUSTOM.......G\n+0000e200: 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f 494e 4954 5244 RUB_EARLY_INITRD\n+0000e210: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f53 544f 434b e280 990a _LINUX_STOCK....\n+0000e220: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7061 List of spa\n+0000e230: 6365 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 2065 6172 ce-separated ear\n+0000e240: 6c79 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 6573 ly initrd images\n+0000e250: 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 to be loaded fr\n+0000e260: 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 om. .../boot\n+0000e270: e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 666f .... This is fo\n+0000e280: 7220 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 696e 6773 r loading things\n+0000e290: 206c 696b 6520 4350 5520 6d69 6372 6f63 like CPU microc\n+0000e2a0: 6f64 652c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 0a20 ode, firmware,. \n+0000e2b0: 2020 2020 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 732c ACPI tables,\n+0000e2c0: 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6b65 7973 2c20 616e crypto keys, an\n+0000e2d0: 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 d so on. These \n+0000e2e0: 6561 726c 7920 696d 6167 6573 2077 696c early images wil\n+0000e2f0: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6564 l be. loaded\n+0000e300: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6465 in the order de\n+0000e310: 636c 6172 6564 2c20 616e 6420 616c 6c20 clared, and all \n+0000e320: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 will be loaded b\n+0000e330: 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2061 efore the. a\n+0000e340: 6374 7561 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c ctual functional\n+0000e350: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 652e 0a0a initrd image...\n+0000e360: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 ...GRUB_EAR\n+0000e370: 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f LY_INITRD_LINUX_\n+0000e380: 5354 4f43 4be2 8099 2069 7320 666f 7220 STOCK... is for \n+0000e390: 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f your distributio\n+0000e3a0: 6e20 746f 2064 6563 6c61 7265 0a20 2020 n to declare. \n+0000e3b0: 2020 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 6172 images that ar\n+0000e3c0: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 e provided by th\n+0000e3d0: 6520 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2e20 e distribution. \n+0000e3e0: 2049 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2062 It should not b\n+0000e3f0: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 e. modified \n+0000e400: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 756e 6465 7273 7461 without understa\n+0000e410: 6e64 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6571 nding the conseq\n+0000e420: 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2054 6865 7920 7769 uences. They wi\n+0000e430: 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 ll be. loade\n+0000e440: 6420 6669 7273 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 d first... .\n+0000e450: 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 ..GRUB_EARLY_INI\n+0000e460: 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 5354 4f4d TRD_LINUX_CUSTOM\n+0000e470: e280 9920 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 ... is for your \n+0000e480: 6375 7374 6f6d 2063 7265 6174 6564 2069 custom created i\n+0000e490: 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 mages... The\n+0000e4a0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 746f 636b 2069 default stock i\n+0000e4b0: 6d61 6765 7320 6172 6520 6173 2066 6f6c mages are as fol\n+0000e4c0: 6c6f 7773 2c20 7468 6f75 6768 2074 6865 lows, though the\n+0000e4d0: 7920 6d61 7920 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 y may be. ov\n+0000e4e0: 6572 7269 6464 656e 2062 7920 796f 7572 erridden by your\n+0000e4f0: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e3a 0a20 distribution:. \n+0000e500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e74 656c 2d75 intel-u\n+0000e510: 632e 696d 6720 696e 7465 6c2d 7563 6f64 c.img intel-ucod\n+0000e520: 652e 696d 6720 616d 642d 7563 2e69 6d67 e.img amd-uc.img\n+0000e530: 2061 6d64 2d75 636f 6465 2e69 6d67 2065 amd-ucode.img e\n+0000e540: 6172 6c79 5f75 636f 6465 2e63 7069 6f20 arly_ucode.cpio \n+0000e550: 6d69 6372 6f63 6f64 652e 6370 696f 0a0a microcode.cpio..\n+0000e560: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n+0000e570: 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 990a 2020 LINUX_UUID.... \n+0000e580: 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 20e2 8098 Normally, ...\n+0000e590: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+0000e5a0: 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d will generate m\n+0000e5b0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7468 6174 enu entries that\n+0000e5c0: 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 6572 use. univer\n+0000e5d0: 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 6465 sally-unique ide\n+0000e5e0: 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 4944 7329 ntifiers (UUIDs)\n+0000e5f0: 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 to identify the\n+0000e600: 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 root. files\n+0000e610: 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2074 6865 204c 696e ystem to the Lin\n+0000e620: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2075 7369 6e67 ux kernel, using\n+0000e630: 2061 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d55 5549 443d a ...root=UUID=\n+0000e640: 2e2e 2ee2 8099 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 ...... kernel. \n+0000e650: 2020 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e20 2054 parameter. T\n+0000e660: 6869 7320 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d his is usually m\n+0000e670: 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2c20 6275 ore reliable, bu\n+0000e680: 7420 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 t in some cases \n+0000e690: 6974 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 it may. not \n+0000e6a0: 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2e20 be appropriate. \n+0000e6b0: 2054 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 To disable the \n+0000e6c0: 7573 6520 6f66 2055 5549 4473 2c20 7365 use of UUIDs, se\n+0000e6d0: 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 t this option. \n+0000e6e0: 2020 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 to ...true...\n+0000e6f0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 ......GRUB_DISAB\n+0000e700: 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 LE_LINUX_PARTUUI\n+0000e710: 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 20e2 8098 D.... If ...\n+0000e720: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+0000e730: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 cannot identify\n+0000e740: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 the root filesy\n+0000e750: 7374 656d 2076 6961 2069 7473 0a20 2020 stem via its. \n+0000e760: 2020 756e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e universally-un\n+0000e770: 6971 7565 2069 6e64 656e 7469 6669 6572 ique indentifier\n+0000e780: 2028 5555 4944 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 (UUID), ...grub\n+0000e790: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e -mkconfig... can\n+0000e7a0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5555 use the. 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Thi\n+0000e850: 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 7320 7265 6c69 s is not as reli\n+0000e860: 6162 6c65 2061 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 able as using th\n+0000e870: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 e filesystem. \n+0000e880: 2020 5555 4944 2c20 6275 7420 6973 206d UUID, but is m\n+0000e890: 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2074 6861 ore reliable tha\n+0000e8a0: 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 n using the Linu\n+0000e8b0: 7820 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2e20 x device names. \n+0000e8c0: 2057 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 When. ...GR\n+0000e8d0: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_DISABLE_LINUX\n+0000e8e0: 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 _PARTUUID... is \n+0000e8f0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 set to ...false.\n+0000e900: 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 .., the Linux ke\n+0000e910: 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f rnel. versio\n+0000e920: 6e20 6d75 7374 2062 6520 322e 362e 3337 n must be 2.6.37\n+0000e930: 2028 332e 3130 2066 6f72 2073 7973 7465 (3.10 for syste\n+0000e940: 6d73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 204d 5344 ms using the MSD\n+0000e950: 4f53 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 OS partition. \n+0000e960: 2020 7363 6865 6d65 2920 6f72 206e 6577 scheme) or new\n+0000e970: 6572 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e er. This option\n+0000e980: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 defaults to ...\n+0000e990: 7472 7565 e280 992e 2020 546f 2065 6e61 true.... To ena\n+0000e9a0: 626c 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2075 7365 ble the. use\n+0000e9b0: 206f 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5555 of partition UU\n+0000e9c0: 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 IDs, set this op\n+0000e9d0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c 7365 tion to ...false\n+0000e9e0: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 .........GRUB_DI\n+0000e9f0: 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 e280 SABLE_RECOVERY..\n+0000ea00: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f .. If this o\n+0000ea10: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ption is set to \n+0000ea20: e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 6469 7361 ...true..., disa\n+0000ea30: 626c 6520 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7469 ble the generati\n+0000ea40: 6f6e 206f 6620 7265 636f 7665 7279 0a20 on of recovery. \n+0000ea50: 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 206d 656e 7520 656e mode menu en\n+0000ea60: 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f tries......GRUB_\n+0000ea70: 4449 5341 424c 455f 5555 4944 e280 990a DISABLE_UUID....\n+0000ea80: 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 20e2 Normally, .\n+0000ea90: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n+0000eaa0: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 .. will generate\n+0000eab0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7468 menu entries th\n+0000eac0: 6174 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 at use. univ\n+0000ead0: 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 ersally-unique i\n+0000eae0: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 4944 dentifiers (UUID\n+0000eaf0: 7329 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2076 s) to identify v\n+0000eb00: 6172 696f 7573 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 arious. file\n+0000eb10: 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2073 6561 7263 systems to searc\n+0000eb20: 6820 666f 7220 6669 6c65 732e 2020 5468 h for files. Th\n+0000eb30: 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6d6f is is usually mo\n+0000eb40: 7265 2072 656c 6961 626c 652c 0a20 2020 re reliable,. \n+0000eb50: 2020 6275 7420 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 but in some ca\n+0000eb60: 7365 7320 6974 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 ses it may not b\n+0000eb70: 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 652e 2020 e appropriate. \n+0000eb80: 546f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6869 7320 To disable this \n+0000eb90: 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 5555 4944 use. of UUID\n+0000eba0: 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 s, set this opti\n+0000ebb0: 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 on to ...true...\n+0000ebc0: 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 . Setting this \n+0000ebd0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 option to. .\n+0000ebe0: 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2077 696c 6c20 ..true..., will \n+0000ebf0: 616c 736f 2073 6574 2074 6865 206f 7074 also set the opt\n+0000ec00: 696f 6e73 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 ions ...GRUB_DIS\n+0000ec10: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 ABLE_LINUX_UUID.\n+0000ec20: 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 .. and. ...G\n+0000ec30: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_DISABLE_LINU\n+0000ec40: 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 9920 746f X_PARTUUID... to\n+0000ec50: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2075 6e6c ...true..., unl\n+0000ec60: 6573 7320 7468 6579 2068 6176 6520 6265 ess they have be\n+0000ec70: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c 6963 696c en. explicil\n+0000ec80: 7479 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c ty set to ...fal\n+0000ec90: 7365 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f se.........GRUB_\n+0000eca0: 5649 4445 4f5f 4241 434b 454e 44e2 8099 VIDEO_BACKEND...\n+0000ecb0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 7261 7068 6963 . If graphic\n+0000ecc0: 616c 2076 6964 656f 2073 7570 706f 7274 al video support\n+0000ecd0: 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6569 is required, ei\n+0000ece0: 7468 6572 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 ther because the\n+0000ecf0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d . ...gfxterm\n+0000ed00: e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 ... graphical te\n+0000ed10: 726d 696e 616c 2069 7320 696e 2075 7365 rminal is in use\n+0000ed20: 206f 7220 6265 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 or because. \n+0000ed30: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c ...GRUB_GFXPAYL\n+0000ed40: 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2069 7320 OAD_LINUX... is \n+0000ed50: 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9867 7275 set, then ...gru\n+0000ed60: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 b-mkconfig... wi\n+0000ed70: 6c6c 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 ll normally. \n+0000ed80: 206c 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 6176 6169 6c61 load all availa\n+0000ed90: 626c 6520 4752 5542 2076 6964 656f 2064 ble GRUB video d\n+0000eda0: 7269 7665 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7365 2074 rivers and use t\n+0000edb0: 6865 206f 6e65 206d 6f73 740a 2020 2020 he one most. \n+0000edc0: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2066 6f72 appropriate for\n+0000edd0: 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2e20 your hardware. \n+0000ede0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 If you need to \n+0000edf0: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2074 6869 7320 666f override this fo\n+0000ee00: 720a 2020 2020 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 r. some reas\n+0000ee10: 6f6e 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e on, then you can\n+0000ee20: 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e set this option\n+0000ee30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4166 7465 7220 e280 ... After ..\n+0000ee40: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 .grub-install...\n+0000ee50: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2c 2074 has been run, t\n+0000ee60: 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 he available vid\n+0000ee70: 656f 2064 7269 7665 7273 2061 7265 0a20 eo drivers are. \n+0000ee80: 2020 2020 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 e280 listed in ..\n+0000ee90: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 7669 6465 ./boot/grub/vide\n+0000eea0: 6f2e 6c73 74e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 o.lst.........GR\n+0000eeb0: 5542 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 990a 2020 UB_GFXMODE.... \n+0000eec0: 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2072 6573 6f6c Set the resol\n+0000eed0: 7574 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7468 ution used on th\n+0000eee0: 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 e ...gfxterm... \n+0000eef0: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e graphical termin\n+0000ef00: 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 al. Note. t\n+0000ef10: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 hat you can only\n+0000ef20: 2075 7365 206d 6f64 6573 2077 6869 6368 use modes which\n+0000ef30: 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 your graphics c\n+0000ef40: 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2076 6961 ard supports via\n+0000ef50: 0a20 2020 2020 5645 5341 2042 494f 5320 . VESA BIOS \n+0000ef60: 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2028 5642 4529 Extensions (VBE)\n+0000ef70: 2c20 736f 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 , so for example\n+0000ef80: 206e 6174 6976 6520 4c43 4420 7061 6e65 native LCD pane\n+0000ef90: 6c0a 2020 2020 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f l. resolutio\n+0000efa0: 6e73 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 ns may not be av\n+0000efb0: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 6465 ailable. The de\n+0000efc0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 6175 746f fault is ...auto\n+0000efd0: e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 ..., which. \n+0000efe0: 7472 6965 7320 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 tries to select \n+0000eff0: 6120 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7265 736f a preferred reso\n+0000f000: 6c75 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2067 lution. *Note g\n+0000f010: 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 fxmode::......GR\n+0000f020: 5542 5f42 4143 4b47 524f 554e 44e2 8099 UB_BACKGROUND...\n+0000f030: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 6261 636b . Set a back\n+0000f040: 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 ground image for\n+0000f050: 2075 7365 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 use with the ..\n+0000f060: 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 .gfxterm... grap\n+0000f070: 6869 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 hical. termi\n+0000f080: 6e61 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 nal. The value \n+0000f090: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d of this option m\n+0000f0a0: 7573 7420 6265 2061 2066 696c 6520 7265 ust be a file re\n+0000f0b0: 6164 6162 6c65 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a20 adable by GRUB. \n+0000f0c0: 2020 2020 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 at boot time\n+0000f0d0: 2c20 616e 6420 6974 206d 7573 7420 656e , and it must en\n+0000f0e0: 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2e70 6e67 e280 d with ....png..\n+0000f0f0: 992c 20e2 8098 2e74 6761 e280 992c 20e2 ., ....tga..., .\n+0000f100: 8098 2e6a 7067 e280 992c 206f 720a 2020 ...jpg..., or. \n+0000f110: 2020 20e2 8098 2e6a 7065 67e2 8099 2e20 ....jpeg.... \n+0000f120: 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2077 696c 6c20 The image will \n+0000f130: 6265 2073 6361 6c65 6420 6966 206e 6563 be scaled if nec\n+0000f140: 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7468 essary to fit th\n+0000f150: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 e screen.. I\n+0000f160: 6d61 6765 2068 6569 6768 7420 616e 6420 mage height and \n+0000f170: 7769 6474 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 width will be re\n+0000f180: 7374 7269 6374 6564 2062 7920 616e 2061 stricted by an a\n+0000f190: 7274 6966 6963 6961 6c20 6c69 6d69 7420 rtificial limit \n+0000f1a0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 3136 3338 342e 0a0a of. 16384...\n+0000f1b0: e280 9847 5255 425f 5448 454d 45e2 8099 ...GRUB_THEME...\n+0000f1c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 7468 656d . Set a them\n+0000f1d0: 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7769 7468 2074 e for use with t\n+0000f1e0: 6865 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 he ...gfxterm...\n+0000f1f0: 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 graphical termi\n+0000f200: 6e61 6c2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4746 nal......GRUB_GF\n+0000f210: 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 XPAYLOAD_LINUX..\n+0000f220: 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 e280 .. Set to ..\n+0000f230: 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 666f 7263 .text... to forc\n+0000f240: 6520 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e e the Linux kern\n+0000f250: 656c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f el to boot in no\n+0000f260: 726d 616c 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 206d rmal text. m\n+0000f270: 6f64 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 e280 9920 ode, ...keep... \n+0000f280: 746f 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 to preserve the \n+0000f290: 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 6520 7365 graphics mode se\n+0000f2a0: 7420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 t using. ...\n+0000f2b0: 4752 5542 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 992c GRUB_GFXMODE...,\n+0000f2c0: 20e2 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 ...WIDTHxHEIGHT\n+0000f2d0: e280 995b e280 9878 4445 5054 48e2 8099 ...[...xDEPTH...\n+0000f2e0: 5d20 746f 2073 6574 2061 2070 6172 7469 ] to set a parti\n+0000f2f0: 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 2067 7261 7068 cular. graph\n+0000f300: 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f72 2061 2073 ics mode, or a s\n+0000f310: 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 7365 equence of these\n+0000f320: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 636f separated by co\n+0000f330: 6d6d 6173 206f 720a 2020 2020 2073 656d mmas or. sem\n+0000f340: 6963 6f6c 6f6e 7320 746f 2074 7279 2073 icolons to try s\n+0000f350: 6576 6572 616c 206d 6f64 6573 2069 6e20 everal modes in \n+0000f360: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 sequence. *Note\n+0000f370: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643a 3a2e 0a0a gfxpayload::...\n+0000f380: 2020 2020 2044 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f Depending o\n+0000f390: 6e20 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 n your kernel, y\n+0000f3a0: 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e our distribution\n+0000f3b0: 2c20 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 , your graphics \n+0000f3c0: 6361 7264 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 card,. and t\n+0000f3d0: 6865 2070 6861 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 he phase of the \n+0000f3e0: 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 moon, note that \n+0000f3f0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f using this optio\n+0000f400: 6e20 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 n may cause. \n+0000f410: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 7375 GNU/Linux to su\n+0000f420: 6666 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 ffer from variou\n+0000f430: 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 s display proble\n+0000f440: 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 ms, particularly\n+0000f450: 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 . during the\n+0000f460: 2065 6172 6c79 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 early part of t\n+0000f470: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 he boot sequence\n+0000f480: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 . If you have p\n+0000f490: 726f 626c 656d 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7365 roblems,. se\n+0000f4a0: 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f t this option to\n+0000f4b0: 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 ...text... and \n+0000f4c0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c GRUB will tell L\n+0000f4d0: 696e 7578 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e0a inux to boot in.\n+0000f4e0: 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 normal text\n+0000f4f0: 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f mode......GRUB_\n+0000f500: 4449 5341 424c 455f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 DISABLE_OS_PROBE\n+0000f510: 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 R.... The ..\n+0000f520: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n+0000f530: 9920 6861 7320 6120 6665 6174 7572 6520 . has a feature \n+0000f540: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2065 7874 6572 to use the exter\n+0000f550: 6e61 6c20 e280 986f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 nal ...os-prober\n+0000f560: e280 990a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d .... program\n+0000f570: 2074 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 206f 7468 to discover oth\n+0000f580: 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 er operating sys\n+0000f590: 7465 6d73 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f tems installed o\n+0000f5a0: 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 n the same. \n+0000f5b0: 6d61 6368 696e 6520 616e 6420 6765 6e65 machine and gene\n+0000f5c0: 7261 7465 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 rate appropriate\n+0000f5d0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f menu entries fo\n+0000f5e0: 7220 7468 656d 2e20 2049 7420 6973 0a20 r them. It is. \n+0000f5f0: 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 disabled by \n+0000f600: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7369 6e63 6520 6175 default since au\n+0000f610: 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e 6420 7369 6c65 tomatic and sile\n+0000f620: 6e74 2065 7865 6375 7469 6f6e 206f 660a nt execution of.\n+0000f630: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 ...os-probe\n+0000f640: 72e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6372 6561 7469 r..., and creati\n+0000f650: 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 7320 ng boot entries \n+0000f660: 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6461 based on that da\n+0000f670: 7461 2c20 6973 2061 0a20 2020 2020 706f ta, is a. po\n+0000f680: 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6174 7461 636b 2076 tential attack v\n+0000f690: 6563 746f 722e 2020 5365 7420 7468 6973 ector. Set this\n+0000f6a0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6661 option to ...fa\n+0000f6b0: 6c73 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 lse... to enable\n+0000f6c0: 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2066 6561 7475 this. featu\n+0000f6d0: 7265 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 re in the ...gru\n+0000f6e0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 636f b-mkconfig... co\n+0000f6f0: 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f mmand......GRUB_\n+0000f700: 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 525f 534b 4950 5f4c OS_PROBER_SKIP_L\n+0000f710: 4953 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 IST.... List\n+0000f720: 206f 6620 7370 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 of space-separa\n+0000f730: 7465 6420 4653 2055 5549 4473 206f 6620 ted FS UUIDs of \n+0000f740: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2062 filesystems to b\n+0000f750: 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 e ignored from. \n+0000f760: 2020 2020 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 6f75 os-prober ou\n+0000f770: 7470 7574 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 6669 2063 tput. For efi c\n+0000f780: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6974 2773 hainloaders it's\n+0000f790: 203c 5555 4944 3e40 3c45 4649 2046 494c @.....GRUB_DISA\n+0000f7b0: 424c 455f 5355 424d 454e 55e2 8099 0a20 BLE_SUBMENU.... \n+0000f7c0: 2020 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 e280 Normally, ..\n+0000f7d0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n+0000f7e0: 9920 7769 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 . will generate \n+0000f7f0: 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 6d65 6e75 2065 top level menu e\n+0000f800: 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ntry for. th\n+0000f810: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6974 6820 6869 e kernel with hi\n+0000f820: 6768 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 ghest version nu\n+0000f830: 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 2070 7574 2061 6c6c mber and put all\n+0000f840: 206f 7468 6572 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 other found. \n+0000f850: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6f72 2061 6c74 kernels or alt\n+0000f860: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e ernative menu en\n+0000f870: 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 tries for recove\n+0000f880: 7279 206d 6f64 6520 696e 2073 7562 6d65 ry mode in subme\n+0000f890: 6e75 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 6e74 nu.. For ent\n+0000f8a0: 7269 6573 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 ries returned by\n+0000f8b0: 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 ...os-prober...\n+0000f8c0: 2066 6972 7374 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c first entry wil\n+0000f8d0: 6c20 6265 2070 7574 206f 6e20 746f 700a l be put on top.\n+0000f8e0: 2020 2020 206c 6576 656c 2061 6e64 2061 level and a\n+0000f8f0: 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 7320 696e 2073 7562 ll others in sub\n+0000f900: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f menu. If this o\n+0000f910: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ption is set to \n+0000f920: e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 ...true...,. \n+0000f930: 2066 6c61 7420 6d65 6e75 2077 6974 6820 flat menu with \n+0000f940: 616c 6c20 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 all entries on t\n+0000f950: 6f70 206c 6576 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 op level will be\n+0000f960: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7465 generated inste\n+0000f970: 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e ad.. Changin\n+0000f980: 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 g this option wi\n+0000f990: 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 7265 2063 6861 6e67 ll require chang\n+0000f9a0: 696e 6720 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2076 616c ing existing val\n+0000f9b0: 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 ues of. ...G\n+0000f9c0: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 2c20 RUB_DEFAULT..., \n+0000f9d0: e280 9866 616c 6c62 6163 6be2 8099 2028 ...fallback... (\n+0000f9e0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 3a3a *note fallback::\n+0000f9f0: 2920 616e 6420 e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 ) and ...default\n+0000fa00: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ... (*note. \n+0000fa10: 6465 6661 756c 743a 3a29 2065 6e76 6972 default::) envir\n+0000fa20: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+0000fa30: 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7361 7665 as well as save\n+0000fa40: 6420 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 790a d default entry.\n+0000fa50: 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 using ...gr\n+0000fa60: 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 ub-set-default..\n+0000fa70: 9920 616e 6420 7661 6c75 6520 7573 6564 . and value used\n+0000fa80: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d 7265 with ...grub-re\n+0000fa90: 626f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 boot.........GRU\n+0000faa0: 425f 454e 4142 4c45 5f43 5259 5054 4f44 B_ENABLE_CRYPTOD\n+0000fab0: 4953 4be2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2073 ISK.... If s\n+0000fac0: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 992c 20e2 et to ...y..., .\n+0000fad0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n+0000fae0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 .. and ...grub-i\n+0000faf0: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2063 nstall... will c\n+0000fb00: 6865 636b 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 656e heck for. en\n+0000fb10: 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 616e crypted disks an\n+0000fb20: 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 6464 6974 d generate addit\n+0000fb30: 696f 6e61 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206e ional commands n\n+0000fb40: 6565 6465 6420 746f 2061 6363 6573 730a eeded to access.\n+0000fb50: 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 6475 7269 6e67 them during\n+0000fb60: 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 boot. Note tha\n+0000fb70: 7420 696e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2075 t in this case u\n+0000fb80: 6e61 7474 656e 6465 6420 626f 6f74 2069 nattended boot i\n+0000fb90: 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 s not. possi\n+0000fba0: 626c 6520 6265 6361 7573 6520 4752 5542 ble because GRUB\n+0000fbb0: 2077 696c 6c20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2070 will wait for p\n+0000fbc0: 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 746f 2075 6e6c assphrase to unl\n+0000fbd0: 6f63 6b20 656e 6372 7970 7465 640a 2020 ock encrypted. \n+0000fbe0: 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2e0a 0ae2 container....\n+0000fbf0: 8098 4752 5542 5f49 4e49 545f 5455 4e45 ..GRUB_INIT_TUNE\n+0000fc00: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 .... Play a \n+0000fc10: 7475 6e65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6561 tune on the spea\n+0000fc20: 6b65 7220 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7374 ker when GRUB st\n+0000fc30: 6172 7473 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2070 arts. This is p\n+0000fc40: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 790a 2020 2020 articularly. \n+0000fc50: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 7573 6572 useful for user\n+0000fc60: 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7365 6520 s unable to see \n+0000fc70: 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 the screen. The\n+0000fc80: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6973 0a20 value of this. \n+0000fc90: 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7061 option is pa\n+0000fca0: 7373 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f ssed directly to\n+0000fcb0: 202a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 793a 3a2e 0a0a *note play::...\n+0000fcc0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4241 4452 414d e280 ...GRUB_BADRAM..\n+0000fcd0: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f .. If this o\n+0000fce0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2c20 4752 ption is set, GR\n+0000fcf0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6973 7375 6520 6120 UB will issue a \n+0000fd00: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6261 6472 616d 3a3a 2063 *note badram:: c\n+0000fd10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2066 ommand to. f\n+0000fd20: 696c 7465 7220 6f75 7420 7370 6563 6966 ilter out specif\n+0000fd30: 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 2052 ied regions of R\n+0000fd40: 414d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f50 5245 AM......GRUB_PRE\n+0000fd50: 4c4f 4144 5f4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a LOAD_MODULES....\n+0000fd60: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n+0000fd70: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 may be set to a\n+0000fd80: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2047 5255 4220 6d6f list of GRUB mo\n+0000fd90: 6475 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2073 6570 6172 dule names separ\n+0000fda0: 6174 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7061 ated by. spa\n+0000fdb0: 6365 732e 2020 4561 6368 206d 6f64 756c ces. Each modul\n+0000fdc0: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 e will be loaded\n+0000fdd0: 2061 7320 6561 726c 7920 6173 2070 6f73 as early as pos\n+0000fde0: 7369 626c 652c 2061 7420 7468 650a 2020 sible, at the. \n+0000fdf0: 2020 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 e280 9867 start of ...g\n+0000fe00: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 rub.cfg.........\n+0000fe10: 4752 5542 5f52 4543 4f52 4446 4149 4c5f GRUB_RECORDFAIL_\n+0000fe20: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 TIMEOUT.... \n+0000fe30: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n+0000fe40: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 s set, it overri\n+0000fe50: 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 des the default \n+0000fe60: 7265 636f 7264 6661 696c 2073 6574 7469 recordfail setti\n+0000fe70: 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 2073 6574 7469 ng.. A setti\n+0000fe80: 6e67 206f 6620 2d31 2063 6175 7365 7320 ng of -1 causes \n+0000fe90: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 GRUB to wait for\n+0000fea0: 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 7420 696e 6465 user input inde\n+0000feb0: 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2048 finitely.. H\n+0000fec0: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6120 6661 6c73 6520 owever, a false \n+0000fed0: 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e20 7468 6520 positive in the \n+0000fee0: 7265 636f 7264 6661 696c 206d 6563 6861 recordfail mecha\n+0000fef0: 6e69 736d 206d 6179 206f 6363 7572 2069 nism may occur i\n+0000ff00: 660a 2020 2020 2070 6f77 6572 2069 7320 f. power is \n+0000ff10: 6c6f 7374 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 lost during boot\n+0000ff20: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 2073 7563 before boot suc\n+0000ff30: 6365 7373 2069 7320 7265 636f 7264 6564 cess is recorded\n+0000ff40: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 7365 7273 7061 in. userspa\n+0000ff50: 6365 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ce. The default\n+0000ff60: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7320 3330 2c20 setting is 30, \n+0000ff70: 7768 6963 6820 6361 7573 6573 2047 5255 which causes GRU\n+0000ff80: 4220 746f 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 B to wait. f\n+0000ff90: 6f72 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 7420 666f or user input fo\n+0000ffa0: 7220 7468 6972 7479 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 r thirty seconds\n+0000ffb0: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6e74 696e 7569 before continui\n+0000ffc0: 6e67 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6465 6661 756c ng. 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If\n+00010410: 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 the timeout exp\n+00010420: 6972 6573 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6569 7468 ires before eith\n+00010430: 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7365 er of. these\n+00010440: 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6469 7370 6c61 happens, displa\n+00010450: 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2066 6f72 2074 y the menu for t\n+00010460: 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 he number of sec\n+00010470: 6f6e 6473 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a20 onds specified. \n+00010480: 2020 2020 696e 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 in ...GRUB_T\n+00010490: 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 6265 666f 7265 IMEOUT... before\n+000104a0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 booting the def\n+000104b0: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 ault entry... \n+000104c0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 6574 20e2 8098 If you set ...\n+000104d0: 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIME\n+000104e0: 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 796f 7520 7368 6f75 OUT..., you shou\n+000104f0: 6c64 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 740a 2020 2020 ld also set. \n+00010500: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+00010510: 3d30 e280 9920 736f 2074 6861 7420 7468 =0... so that th\n+00010520: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6469 e menu is not di\n+00010530: 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6174 2061 6c6c 2075 splayed at all u\n+00010540: 6e6c 6573 730a 2020 2020 203c 4553 433e nless. \n+00010550: 206f 7220 3c46 343e 2061 7265 2070 7265 or are pre\n+00010560: 7373 6564 2c20 6f72 203c 5348 4946 543e ssed, or \n+00010570: 2069 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a0a is held down...\n+00010580: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n+00010590: 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 is unset by def\n+000105a0: 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 ault, and is dep\n+000105b0: 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 recated in favou\n+000105c0: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 r of the. le\n+000105d0: 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 ss confusing ...\n+000105e0: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n+000105f0: 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 LE=countdown... \n+00010600: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f or. ...GRUB_\n+00010610: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 TIMEOUT_STYLE=hi\n+00010620: 6464 656e e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 dden.........GRU\n+00010630: 425f 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 B_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT\n+00010640: 5f51 5549 4554 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 _QUIET.... 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M\n-00010ea0: 6f73 7420 696e 6974 7264 2069 6d61 6765 ost initrd image\n-00010eb0: 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7468 6520 s determine the \n-00010ec0: 726f 6f74 0a66 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d root.file system\n-00010ed0: 2062 7920 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 by checking the\n-00010ee0: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c27 7320 Linux kernel's \n-00010ef0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 command-line for\n-00010f00: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a the ...root....\n-00010f10: 6b65 7920 616e 6420 7573 6520 6974 7320 key and use its \n-00010f20: 7661 6c75 6520 6173 2074 6865 2069 6465 value as the ide\n-00010f30: 6e74 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6d65 7468 ntification meth\n-00010f40: 6f64 206f 6620 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 od of the root f\n-00010f50: 696c 650a 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 ile.system. To \n-00010f60: 696d 7072 6f76 6520 7468 6520 7265 6c69 improve the reli\n-00010f70: 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 ability of booti\n-00010f80: 6e67 2c20 6d6f 7374 2069 6e69 7472 6420 ng, most initrd \n-00010f90: 696d 6167 6573 2061 6c73 6f0a 616c 6c6f images also.allo\n-00010fa0: 7720 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 w the root file \n-00010fb0: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6465 system to be ide\n-00010fc0: 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2069 7473 2055 ntified by its U\n-00010fd0: 5549 442e 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 UID. Because of \n-00010fe0: 7468 6973 0a62 6568 6176 696f 722c 2074 this.behavior, t\n-00010ff0: 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e he ...grub-mkcon\n-00011000: 6669 67e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 fig... command w\n-00011010: 696c 6c20 7365 7420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 ill set ...root.\n-00011020: 8099 2074 6f20 e280 9872 6f6f 743d 5555 .. to ...root=UU\n-00011030: 4944 3d2e 2e2e e280 990a 746f 2070 726f ID=.......to pro\n-00011040: 7669 6465 2074 6865 2069 6e69 7472 6420 vide the initrd \n-00011050: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 with the filesys\n-00011060: 7465 6d20 5555 4944 206f 6620 7468 6520 tem UUID of the \n-00011070: 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d root file system\n-00011080: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 206e 6f20 696e 6974 ... If no init\n-00011090: 7264 2069 7320 6465 7465 6374 6564 206f rd is detected o\n-000110a0: 7220 e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c r ...GRUB_DISABL\n-000110b0: 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 9920 E_LINUX_UUID... \n-000110c0: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a e280 9874 7275 is set to....tru\n-000110d0: 65e2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9867 7275 e... then ...gru\n-000110e0: 622d 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 8099 2077 696c b-command... wil\n-000110f0: 6c20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 l identify the r\n-00011100: 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2062 oot filesystem b\n-00011110: 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 6b65 y setting.the ke\n-00011120: 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e rnel command-lin\n-00011130: 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 726f e variable ...ro\n-00011140: 6f74 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 ot... to ...root\n-00011150: 3d50 4152 5455 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 =PARTUUID=......\n-00011160: 2075 6e6c 6573 730a e280 9847 5255 425f unless....GRUB_\n-00011170: 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 DISABLE_LINUX_PA\n-00011180: 5254 5555 4944 e280 9920 6973 2061 6c73 RTUUID... is als\n-00011190: 6f20 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 o set to ...true\n-000111a0: e280 992e 2020 4966 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 .... If....GRUB\n-000111b0: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 _DISABLE_LINUX_P\n-000111c0: 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 616c ARTUUID... is al\n-000111d0: 736f 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 so set to ...tru\n-000111e0: 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 636f e..., ...grub-co\n-000111f0: 6d6d 616e 64e2 8099 2077 696c 6c0a 6964 mmand... will.id\n-00011200: 656e 7469 6679 2062 7920 6974 7320 4c69 entify by its Li\n-00011210: 6e75 7820 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e nux device name.\n-00011220: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 .. The followi\n-00011230: 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 2073 756d 6d61 7269 ng table summari\n-00011240: 7a65 7320 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f72 zes the behavior\n-00011250: 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d of the ...grub-\n-00011260: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a 636f 6d6d mkconfig....comm\n-00011270: 616e 642e 0a0a 496e 6974 7264 2020 2020 and...Initrd \n-00011280: 2047 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 GRUB_DISABLE_LI\n-00011290: 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 2020 2047 NUX_PARTUUID G\n-000112a0: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_DISABLE_LINU\n-000112b0: 585f 5555 4944 2020 204c 696e 7578 2052 X_UUID Linux R\n-000112c0: 6f6f 740a 6465 7465 6374 6564 2020 2053 oot.detected S\n-000112d0: 6574 2054 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et To \n-000112e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n-000112f0: 2054 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 To \n-00011300: 2020 2020 2020 2049 4420 4d65 7468 6f64 ID Method\n-00011310: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00010af0: 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 ==..If the targe\n+00010b00: 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 t operating syst\n+00010b10: 656d 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 em uses the Linu\n+00010b20: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 e280 9867 7275 x kernel, ...gru\n+00010b30: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a 6174 b-mkconfig....at\n+00010b40: 7465 6d70 7473 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 tempts to identi\n+00010b50: 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 fy the root file\n+00010b60: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7669 6120 6120 6865 system via a he\n+00010b70: 7572 6973 7469 6320 616c 676f 6972 7468 uristic algoirth\n+00010b80: 6d2e 0a54 6869 7320 616c 676f 7269 7468 m..This algorith\n+00010b90: 6d20 7365 6c65 6374 7320 7468 6520 6964 m selects the id\n+00010ba0: 656e 7469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 206d 6574 entification met\n+00010bb0: 686f 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 hod of the root \n+00010bc0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6279 2063 file system.by c\n+00010bd0: 6f6e 7369 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6872 6565 onsidering three\n+00010be0: 2066 6163 746f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 2066 factors. The f\n+00010bf0: 6972 7374 2069 7320 6966 2061 6e20 696e irst is if an in\n+00010c00: 6974 7264 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6172 itrd for the tar\n+00010c10: 6765 740a 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 get.operating sy\n+00010c20: 7374 656d 2069 7320 616c 736f 2070 7265 stem is also pre\n+00010c30: 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6563 6f6e sent. The secon\n+00010c40: 6420 6973 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 d is....GRUB_DIS\n+00010c50: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 ABLE_LINUX_UUID.\n+00010c60: 8099 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7365 7420 746f .. and if set to\n+00010c70: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2070 7265 ...true..., pre\n+00010c80: 7665 6e74 7320 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b vents ...grub-mk\n+00010c90: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a 6672 6f6d 2069 config....from i\n+00010ca0: 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2072 dentifying the r\n+00010cb0: 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 oot file system \n+00010cc0: 6279 2069 7473 2055 5549 442e 2054 6865 by its UUID. 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T\n+00010f60: 6f20 696d 7072 6f76 6520 7468 6520 7265 o improve the re\n+00010f70: 6c69 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2062 6f6f liability of boo\n+00010f80: 7469 6e67 2c20 6d6f 7374 2069 6e69 7472 ting, most initr\n+00010f90: 6420 696d 6167 6573 2061 6c73 6f0a 616c d images also.al\n+00010fa0: 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c low the root fil\n+00010fb0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 6265 2069 e system to be i\n+00010fc0: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2069 7473 dentified by its\n+00010fd0: 2055 5549 442e 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f UUID. Because o\n+00010fe0: 6620 7468 6973 0a62 6568 6176 696f 722c f this.behavior,\n+00010ff0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 the ...grub-mkc\n+00011000: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 onfig... command\n+00011010: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 e280 9872 6f6f will set ...roo\n+00011020: 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 9872 6f6f 743d t... to ...root=\n+00011030: 5555 4944 3d2e 2e2e e280 990a 746f 2070 UUID=.......to p\n+00011040: 726f 7669 6465 2074 6865 2069 6e69 7472 rovide the initr\n+00011050: 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 d with the files\n+00011060: 7973 7465 6d20 5555 4944 206f 6620 7468 ystem UUID of th\n+00011070: 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 e root file syst\n+00011080: 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 206e 6f20 696e em... 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T\n-00012230: 6865 790a 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 hey.represent pa\n-00012240: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2070 6173 7365 6420 rameters passed \n-00012250: 746f 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6361 6c6c to function call\n-00012260: 732c 2077 6974 6820 e280 9824 31e2 8099 s, with ...$1...\n-00012270: 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 696e 670a 7468 representing.th\n-00012280: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 e first paramete\n-00012290: 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 r, and so on... \n-000122a0: 2020 5468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 The special va\n-000122b0: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 e280 983f riable name ...?\n-000122c0: e280 9920 6578 7061 6e64 7320 746f 2074 ... expands to t\n-000122d0: 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f he exit status o\n-000122e0: 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 0a72 6563 656e f the most.recen\n-000122f0: 746c 7920 6578 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d tly executed com\n-00012300: 6d61 6e64 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 706f 7369 mand. When posi\n-00012310: 7469 6f6e 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 tional variable \n-00012320: 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6163 7469 7665 names are active\n-00012330: 2c0a 6f74 6865 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 ,.other special \n-00012340: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 20e2 variable names .\n-00012350: 8098 40e2 8099 2c20 e280 982a e280 9920 ..@..., ...*... \n-00012360: 616e 6420 e280 9823 e280 9920 6172 6520 and ...#... are \n-00012370: 6465 6669 6e65 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 defined and they\n-00012380: 0a65 7870 616e 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 .expand to all p\n-00012390: 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 ositional parame\n-000123a0: 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 ters with necess\n-000123b0: 6172 7920 7175 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 ary quoting, pos\n-000123c0: 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 itional.paramete\n-000123d0: 7273 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 rs without any q\n-000123e0: 756f 7469 6e67 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 uoting, and posi\n-000123f0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 tional parameter\n-00012400: 2063 6f75 6e74 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 count.respectiv\n-00012410: 656c 792e 0a0a 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d ely...Comments.=\n-00012420: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 =======..A word \n-00012430: 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 beginning with .\n-00012440: 8098 23e2 8099 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 ..#... causes th\n-00012450: 6174 2077 6f72 6420 616e 6420 616c 6c20 at word and all \n-00012460: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 remaining charac\n-00012470: 7465 7273 0a6f 6e20 7468 6174 206c 696e ters.on that lin\n-00012480: 6520 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e e to be ignored.\n-00012490: 0a0a 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ..Simple command\n-000124a0: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n-000124b0: 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 =..A ...simple c\n-000124c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 2061 2073 ommand... is a s\n-000124d0: 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 equence of words\n-000124e0: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 separated by sp\n-000124f0: 6163 6573 206f 7220 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 aces or tabs.and\n-00012500: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7465 6420 6279 2061 terminated by a\n-00012510: 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 semicolon or a \n-00012520: 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 5468 6520 6669 newline. The fi\n-00012530: 7273 7420 776f 7264 2073 7065 6369 6669 rst word specifi\n-00012540: 6573 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 es.the command t\n-00012550: 6f20 6265 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 o be executed. \n-00012560: 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 776f The remaining wo\n-00012570: 7264 7320 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2061 rds are passed a\n-00012580: 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 746f 2074 s arguments.to t\n-00012590: 6865 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 he invoked comma\n-000125a0: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 nd... The retu\n-000125b0: 726e 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 7369 rn value of a si\n-000125c0: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 mple command is \n-000125d0: 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e its exit status.\n-000125e0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a72 6573 6572 7665 If the.reserve\n-000125f0: 6420 776f 7264 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 2070 d word ...!... p\n-00012600: 7265 6365 6465 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d recedes the comm\n-00012610: 616e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7265 and, then the re\n-00012620: 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 696e turn value is in\n-00012630: 7374 6561 640a 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 stead.the logica\n-00012640: 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 l negation of th\n-00012650: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 e command's exit\n-00012660: 2073 7461 7475 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 6f75 status...Compou\n-00012670: 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d nd commands.====\n-00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 =============..A\n-00012690: 20e2 809c 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d ...compound com\n-000126a0: 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 206f 6e65 206f mand... is one o\n-000126b0: 6620 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a f the following:\n-000126c0: 0a0a 666f 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 574f ..for NAME in WO\n-000126d0: 5244 202e 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b RD ...; do LIST;\n-000126e0: 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c done. The l\n-000126f0: 6973 7420 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c ist of words fol\n-00012700: 6c6f 7769 6e67 20e2 8098 696e e280 9920 lowing ...in... \n-00012710: 6973 2065 7870 616e 6465 642c 2067 656e is expanded, gen\n-00012720: 6572 6174 696e 6720 6120 6c69 7374 206f erating a list o\n-00012730: 660a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 f. items. T\n-00012740: 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 he variable NAME\n-00012750: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2065 6163 6820 is set to each \n-00012760: 656c 656d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6869 7320 element of this \n-00012770: 6c69 7374 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 7572 list in. tur\n-00012780: 6e2c 2061 6e64 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 n, and LIST is e\n-00012790: 7865 6375 7465 6420 6561 6368 2074 696d xecuted each tim\n-000127a0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 e. The return v\n-000127b0: 616c 7565 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 alue is the exit\n-000127c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 . status of \n-000127d0: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the last command\n-000127e0: 2074 6861 7420 6578 6563 7574 6573 2e20 that executes. \n-000127f0: 2049 6620 7468 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f If the expansio\n-00012800: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 n of the. it\n-00012810: 656d 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 e280 ems following ..\n-00012820: 9869 6ee2 8099 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 .in... results i\n-00012830: 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 7479 206c 6973 742c n an empty list,\n-00012840: 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 no commands are\n-00012850: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 . executed, \n-00012860: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 and the return s\n-00012870: 7461 7475 7320 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 tatus is 0...if \n-00012880: 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 656e 204c 4953 543b LIST; then LIST;\n-00012890: 205b 656c 6966 204c 4953 543b 2074 6865 [elif LIST; the\n-000128a0: 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b 656c n LIST;] ... [el\n-000128b0: 7365 204c 4953 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 se LIST;] fi. \n-000128c0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9869 66e2 8099 204c The ...if... L\n-000128d0: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c IST is executed,\n-000128e0: 2077 6865 7265 204c 4953 5420 6973 2061 where LIST is a\n-000128f0: 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 20e2 809c 7369 series of ...si\n-00012900: 6d70 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e mple. comman\n-00012910: 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 d...s separated \n-00012920: 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 6974 by a \";\". If it\n-00012930: 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 s exit status of\n-00012940: 2074 6865 206c 6173 740a 2020 2020 2063 the last. c\n-00012950: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 ommand is zero, \n-00012960: 7468 6520 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c the ...then... L\n-00012970: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e IST is executed.\n-00012980: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2065 6163 Otherwise, eac\n-00012990: 680a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656c 6966 e280 h. ...elif..\n-000129a0: 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 . LIST is execut\n-000129b0: 6564 2069 6e20 7475 726e 2c20 616e 6420 ed in turn, and \n-000129c0: 6966 2069 7473 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d if its last comm\n-000129d0: 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 and's exit. \n-000129e0: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 status is zero, \n-000129f0: 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e the correspondin\n-00012a00: 6720 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 g ...then... LIS\n-00012a10: 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e T is executed an\n-00012a20: 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 d the. comma\n-00012a30: 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e20 204f nd completes. O\n-00012a40: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 e280 therwise, the ..\n-00012a50: 9865 6c73 65e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 .else... LIST is\n-00012a60: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2069 660a 2020 executed, if. \n-00012a70: 2020 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 present. The\n-00012a80: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 exit status is \n-00012a90: 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 the exit status \n-00012aa0: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d of the last comm\n-00012ab0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 and. execute\n-00012ac0: 642c 206f 7220 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6e6f d, or zero if no\n-00012ad0: 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 7465 condition teste\n-00012ae0: 6420 7472 7565 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 2043 d true...while C\n-00012af0: 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f OND; do LIST; do\n-00012b00: 6e65 0a75 6e74 696c 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 ne.until COND; d\n-00012b10: 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 o LIST; done. \n-00012b20: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 The ...while..\n-00012b30: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6e74 696e . command contin\n-00012b40: 756f 7573 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 uously executes \n-00012b50: 7468 6520 e280 9864 6fe2 8099 204c 4953 the ...do... LIS\n-00012b60: 5420 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 2020 T as long as. \n-00012b70: 2020 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 the last comma\n-00012b80: 6e64 2069 6e20 434f 4e44 2072 6574 7572 nd in COND retur\n-00012b90: 6e73 2061 6e20 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 ns an exit statu\n-00012ba0: 7320 6f66 207a 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 7265 s of zero, where\n-00012bb0: 2043 4f4e 440a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6120 COND. is a \n-00012bc0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 e280 9c73 696d 706c list of ...simpl\n-00012bd0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 e command...s se\n-00012be0: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 parated by a \";\"\n-00012bf0: 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 . The ...until.\n-00012c00: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ... command \n-00012c10: 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 is identical to \n-00012c20: 7468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 the ...while... \n-00012c30: 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2065 7863 6570 7420 command, except \n-00012c40: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 6573 740a 2020 that the test. \n-00012c50: 2020 2069 7320 6e65 6761 7465 643b 2074 is negated; t\n-00012c60: 6865 20e2 8098 646f e280 9920 4c49 5354 he ...do... LIST\n-00012c70: 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 7320 is executed as \n-00012c80: 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 long as the last\n-00012c90: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696e command. in\n-00012ca0: 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 6120 COND returns a \n-00012cb0: 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 non-zero exit st\n-00012cc0: 6174 7573 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 atus. The exit \n-00012cd0: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 status of the. \n-00012ce0: 2020 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2061 ...while... a\n-00012cf0: 6e64 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 2063 nd ...until... c\n-00012d00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 ommands is the e\n-00012d10: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 xit status of th\n-00012d20: 6520 6c61 7374 20e2 8098 646f e280 990a e last ...do....\n-00012d30: 2020 2020 204c 4953 5420 636f 6d6d 616e LIST comman\n-00012d40: 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a d executed, or z\n-00012d50: 6572 6f20 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 ero if none was \n-00012d60: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 executed...funct\n-00012d70: 696f 6e20 4e41 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 ion NAME { COMMA\n-00012d80: 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 ND; ... }. T\n-00012d90: 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 6675 his defines a fu\n-00012da0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 206e 616d 6564 204e 414d nction named NAM\n-00012db0: 452e 2020 5468 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 79e2 E. The ...body.\n-00012dc0: 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6675 6e63 7469 .. of the functi\n-00012dd0: 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c on is. the l\n-00012de0: 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ist of commands \n-00012df0: 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2065 within braces, e\n-00012e00: 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 6368 206d 7573 ach of which mus\n-00012e10: 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e t be. termin\n-00012e20: 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7365 6d69 ated with a semi\n-00012e30: 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 206e 6577 6c69 colon or a newli\n-00012e40: 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6c69 7374 206f ne. This list o\n-00012e50: 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 f commands. \n-00012e60: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 will be executed\n-00012e70: 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 whenever NAME i\n-00012e80: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2074 s specified as t\n-00012e90: 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 2073 696d he name of a sim\n-00012ea0: 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ple. command\n-00012eb0: 2e20 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 . Function defi\n-00012ec0: 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 206e 6f74 2061 nitions do not a\n-00012ed0: 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 ffect the exit s\n-00012ee0: 7461 7475 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 tatus in. ..\n-00012ef0: 9824 3fe2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6578 .$?.... When ex\n-00012f00: 6563 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 6974 ecuted, the exit\n-00012f10: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 756e status of a fun\n-00012f20: 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 ction is the exi\n-00012f30: 740a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 t. status of\n-00012f40: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e the last comman\n-00012f50: 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7468 d executed in th\n-00012f60: 6520 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 e body...menuent\n-00012f70: 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b e280 982d 2d63 ry TITLE [...--c\n-00012f80: 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 e280 9920 2e2e lass=class... ..\n-00012f90: 2e5d 205b e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 .] [...--users=u\n-00012fa0: 7365 7273 e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d75 sers...] [...--u\n-00012fb0: 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 5d20 nrestricted...] \n-00012fc0: 5be2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 [...--hotkey=key\n-00012fd0: e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d69 643d 6964 ...] [...--id=id\n-00012fe0: e280 995d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 ...] { COMMAND; \n-00012ff0: 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 ... }. *Note\n-00013000: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 menuentry::...B\n-00013010: 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 uilt-in Commands\n-00013020: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-00013030: 3d3d 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 ==..Some built-i\n-00013040: 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 n commands are a\n-00013050: 6c73 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 lso provided by \n-00013060: 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 GRUB script to h\n-00013070: 656c 7020 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 elp script.write\n-00013080: 7273 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f rs perform actio\n-00013090: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 ns that are othe\n-000130a0: 7277 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 rwise not possib\n-000130b0: 6c65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 le. For example\n-000130c0: 2c0a 7468 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 ,.these include \n-000130d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 commands to jump\n-000130e0: 206f 7574 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 out of a loop w\n-000130f0: 6974 686f 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d ithout fully com\n-00013100: 706c 6574 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e pleting.it, etc.\n-00013110: 0a0a 6272 6561 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 ..break [...n...\n-00013120: 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d ]. Exit from\n-00013130: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e280 9866 6f72 within a ...for\n-00013140: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 ..., ...while...\n-00013150: 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 , or ...until...\n-00013160: 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 loop. If ...n.\n-00013170: 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 .. is. speci\n-00013180: 6669 6564 2c20 6272 6561 6b20 e280 986e fied, break ...n\n-00013190: e280 9920 6c65 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 8098 ... levels. ...\n-000131a0: 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 n... must be gre\n-000131b0: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 ater than or equ\n-000131c0: 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 2049 al to. 1. I\n-000131d0: 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2067 7265 f ...n... is gre\n-000131e0: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 ater than the nu\n-000131f0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e mber of enclosin\n-00013200: 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 g loops, all. \n-00013210: 2020 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 enclosing loop\n-00013220: 7320 6172 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 s are exited. T\n-00013230: 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 he return value \n-00013240: 6973 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 986e is 0 unless ...n\n-00013250: e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 ... is. not \n-00013260: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 greater than or \n-00013270: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e equal to 1...con\n-00013280: 7469 6e75 6520 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a tinue [...n...].\n-00013290: 2020 2020 2052 6573 756d 6520 7468 6520 Resume the \n-000132a0: 6e65 7874 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 206f next iteration o\n-000132b0: 6620 7468 6520 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 f the enclosing \n-000132c0: e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 ...for..., ...wh\n-000132d0: 696c 65e2 8099 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 ile... or. .\n-000132e0: 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e ..until... loop.\n-000132f0: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 If ...n... is \n-00013300: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2072 6573 756d specified, resum\n-00013310: 6520 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 e at the ...n...\n-00013320: 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 th enclosing. \n-00013330: 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 loop. ...n...\n-00013340: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 must be greater\n-00013350: 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 than or equal t\n-00013360: 6f20 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 o 1. If ...n...\n-00013370: 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 720a 2020 2020 is greater. \n-00013380: 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 than the number\n-00013390: 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f of enclosing lo\n-000133a0: 6f70 732c 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 656e ops, the last en\n-000133b0: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 closing loop (th\n-000133c0: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 809c 746f 702d 6c65 e. ...top-le\n-000133d0: 7665 6ce2 809d 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 vel... loop) is \n-000133e0: 7265 7375 6d65 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 resumed. The re\n-000133f0: 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 3020 turn value is 0 \n-00013400: 756e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 unless ...n... i\n-00013410: 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 6174 s. not great\n-00013420: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c er than or equal\n-00013430: 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e 205b to 1...return [\n-00013440: e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 ...n...]. Ca\n-00013450: 7573 6573 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 uses a function \n-00013460: 746f 2065 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 to exit with the\n-00013470: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 return value sp\n-00013480: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6ee2 ecified by ...n.\n-00013490: 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 986e .... If ...n\n-000134a0: e280 9920 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 ... is omitted, \n-000134b0: 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 the return statu\n-000134c0: 7320 6973 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2074 6865 s is that of the\n-000134d0: 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 last command. \n-000134e0: 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 696e 2074 executed in t\n-000134f0: 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 626f 6479 he function body\n-00013500: 2e20 2049 6620 7573 6564 206f 7574 7369 . If used outsi\n-00013510: 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7468 de a function th\n-00013520: 650a 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7374 e. return st\n-00013530: 6174 7573 2069 7320 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a atus is false...\n-00013540: 7365 7470 6172 616d 7320 5be2 8098 6172 setparams [...ar\n-00013550: 67e2 8099 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 g...] .... R\n-00013560: 6570 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 eplace positiona\n-00013570: 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 7461 l parameters sta\n-00013580: 7274 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2431 rting with ...$1\n-00013590: e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e ... with argumen\n-000135a0: 7473 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 ts to. ...se\n-000135b0: 7470 6172 616d 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 6869 tparams......shi\n-000135c0: 6674 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 ft [...n...]. \n-000135d0: 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c The positional\n-000135e0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6672 6f6d parameters from\n-000135f0: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 ...n...+1 ... a\n-00013600: 7265 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 e280 re renamed to ..\n-00013610: 9824 31e2 8099 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 .$1........ \n-00013620: 5061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 Parameters repre\n-00013630: 7365 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 sented by the nu\n-00013640: 6d62 6572 7320 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2064 mbers ...$#... d\n-00013650: 6f77 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992d own to ...$#...-\n-00013660: e280 986e e280 992b 3120 6172 650a 2020 ...n...+1 are. \n-00013670: 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 unset. ...n.\n-00013680: 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e .. must be a non\n-00013690: 2d6e 6567 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 -negative number\n-000136a0: 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 less than or eq\n-000136b0: 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 ual to. ...$\n-000136c0: 23e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 #.... If ...n..\n-000136d0: 9920 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 616d . is 0, no param\n-000136e0: 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6368 616e 6765 eters are change\n-000136f0: 642e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 d. If ...n... i\n-00013700: 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e s not. given\n-00013710: 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 , it is assumed \n-00013720: 746f 2062 6520 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 to be 1. If ...\n-00013730: 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 n... is greater \n-00013740: 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992c 2074 than ...$#..., t\n-00013750: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e he. position\n-00013760: 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 al parameters ar\n-00013770: 6520 6e6f 7420 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 e not changed. \n-00013780: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 The return statu\n-00013790: 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6772 6561 7465 s is. greate\n-000137a0: 7220 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f20 6966 20e2 r than zero if .\n-000137b0: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 ..n... is greate\n-000137c0: 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 9920 r than ...$#... \n-000137d0: 6f72 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a 6572 or less than zer\n-000137e0: 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 6973 o;. otherwis\n-000137f0: 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 e 0.....File: gr\n-00013800: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00013810: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n-00013820: 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 ting-Footnotes, \n-00013830: 2055 703a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 Up: Shell-like \n-00013840: 7363 7269 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 2831 scripting.. (1\n-00013850: 2920 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 6261 ) Currently a ba\n-00013860: 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e 6520 ckslash-newline \n-00013870: 7061 6972 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 7661 pair within a va\n-00013880: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 206e riable name is n\n-00013890: 6f74 0a68 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f 7065 ot.handled prope\n-000138a0: 726c 792c 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6973 rly, so use this\n-000138b0: 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 736f feature with so\n-000138c0: 6d65 2063 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 me care.....File\n-000138d0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000138e0: 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d de: Multi-boot m\n-000138f0: 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e anual config, N\n-00013900: 6578 743a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f ext: Embedded co\n-00013910: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 nfiguration, Pr\n-00013920: 6576 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 ev: Shell-like s\n-00013930: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2043 cripting, Up: C\n-00013940: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e onfiguration..6.\n-00013950: 3420 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 4 Multi-boot man\n-00013960: 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ual config.=====\n+00011750: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00011760: e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 ...grub.cfg... i\n+00011770: 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 696e 2047 5255 s written in GRU\n+00011780: 4227 7320 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 6372 B's built-in scr\n+00011790: 6970 7469 6e67 206c 616e 6775 6167 652c ipting language,\n+000117a0: 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 2061 0a73 796e which has a.syn\n+000117b0: 7461 7820 7175 6974 6520 7369 6d69 6c61 tax quite simila\n+000117c0: 7220 746f 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2047 4e55 r to that of GNU\n+000117d0: 2042 6173 6820 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 Bash and other \n+000117e0: 426f 7572 6e65 2073 6865 6c6c 0a64 6572 Bourne shell.der\n+000117f0: 6976 6174 6976 6573 2e0a 0a57 6f72 6473 ivatives...Words\n+00011800: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 e280 9c77 6f72 .=====..A ...wor\n+00011810: 64e2 809d 2069 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e d... is a sequen\n+00011820: 6365 206f 6620 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 ce of characters\n+00011830: 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 6173 2061 considered as a\n+00011840: 2073 696e 676c 6520 756e 6974 2062 790a single unit by.\n+00011850: 4752 5542 2e20 2057 6f72 6473 2061 7265 GRUB. Words are\n+00011860: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 separated by ..\n+00011870: 9c6d 6574 6163 6861 7261 6374 6572 73e2 .metacharacters.\n+00011880: 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 7468 .., which are th\n+00011890: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 706c 7573 e following.plus\n+000118a0: 2073 7061 6365 2c20 7461 622c 2061 6e64 space, tab, and\n+000118b0: 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 newline:.. \n+000118c0: 7b20 7d20 7c20 2620 2420 3b20 3c20 3e0a { } | & $ ; < >.\n+000118d0: 0a20 2020 5175 6f74 696e 6720 6d61 7920 . Quoting may \n+000118e0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 be used to inclu\n+000118f0: 6465 206d 6574 6163 6861 7261 6374 6572 de metacharacter\n+00011900: 7320 696e 2077 6f72 6473 3b20 7365 6520 s in words; see \n+00011910: 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 5265 7365 7276 6564 below...Reserved\n+00011920: 2077 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d words.=========\n+00011930: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 6573 6572 7665 6420 =====..Reserved \n+00011940: 776f 7264 7320 6861 7665 2061 2073 7065 words have a spe\n+00011950: 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 6f20 cial meaning to \n+00011960: 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 GRUB. The follow\n+00011970: 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 650a 7265 ing words are.re\n+00011980: 636f 676e 6973 6564 2061 7320 7265 7365 cognised as rese\n+00011990: 7276 6564 2077 6865 6e20 756e 7175 6f74 rved when unquot\n+000119a0: 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6974 6865 7220 7468 ed and either th\n+000119b0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 206f 6620 e first word of \n+000119c0: 610a 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 a.simple command\n+000119d0: 206f 7220 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 776f or the third wo\n+000119e0: 7264 206f 6620 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 rd of a ...for..\n+000119f0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 . command:.. \n+00011a00: 2021 205b 5b20 5d5d 207b 207d 0a20 2020 ! [[ ]] { }. \n+00011a10: 2020 6361 7365 2064 6f20 646f 6e65 2065 case do done e\n+00011a20: 6c69 6620 656c 7365 2065 7361 6320 6669 lif else esac fi\n+00011a30: 2066 6f72 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 for function. \n+00011a40: 2020 2069 6620 696e 206d 656e 7565 6e74 if in menuent\n+00011a50: 7279 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 656e 2074 ry select then t\n+00011a60: 696d 6520 756e 7469 6c20 7768 696c 650a ime until while.\n+00011a70: 0a20 2020 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 . Not all of t\n+00011a80: 6865 7365 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f hese reserved wo\n+00011a90: 7264 7320 6861 7665 2061 2075 7365 6675 rds have a usefu\n+00011aa0: 6c20 7075 7270 6f73 6520 7965 743b 2073 l purpose yet; s\n+00011ab0: 6f6d 6520 6172 650a 7265 7365 7276 6564 ome are.reserved\n+00011ac0: 2066 6f72 2066 7574 7572 6520 6578 7061 for future expa\n+00011ad0: 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5175 6f74 696e 670a nsion...Quoting.\n+00011ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a51 756f 7469 6e67 =======..Quoting\n+00011af0: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f is used to remo\n+00011b00: 7665 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d ve the special m\n+00011b10: 6561 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 6365 7274 6169 eaning of certai\n+00011b20: 6e20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 206f 720a n characters or.\n+00011b30: 776f 7264 732e 2020 4974 2063 616e 2062 words. 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If the.reser\n+000125f0: 7665 6420 776f 7264 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 ved word ...!...\n+00012600: 2070 7265 6365 6465 7320 7468 6520 636f precedes the co\n+00012610: 6d6d 616e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 mmand, then the \n+00012620: 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 return value is \n+00012630: 696e 7374 6561 640a 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 instead.the logi\n+00012640: 6361 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 cal negation of \n+00012650: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 the command's ex\n+00012660: 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 it status...Comp\n+00012670: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d ound commands.==\n+00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00012690: 0a41 20e2 809c 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 .A ...compound c\n+000126a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 206f 6e65 ommand... is one\n+000126b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e of the followin\n+000126c0: 673a 0a0a 666f 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 g:..for NAME in \n+000126d0: 574f 5244 202e 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c 4953 WORD ...; do LIS\n+000126e0: 543b 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2054 6865 T; done. The\n+000126f0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 list of words f\n+00012700: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 20e2 8098 696e e280 ollowing ...in..\n+00012710: 9920 6973 2065 7870 616e 6465 642c 2067 . is expanded, g\n+00012720: 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 6120 6c69 7374 enerating a list\n+00012730: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 of. items. \n+00012740: 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 4e41 The variable NA\n+00012750: 4d45 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2065 6163 ME is set to eac\n+00012760: 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6869 h element of thi\n+00012770: 7320 6c69 7374 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 s list in. t\n+00012780: 7572 6e2c 2061 6e64 204c 4953 5420 6973 urn, and LIST is\n+00012790: 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 6561 6368 2074 executed each t\n+000127a0: 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e ime. 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If the expans\n+00012800: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ion of the. \n+00012810: 6974 656d 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 items following \n+00012820: e280 9869 6ee2 8099 2072 6573 756c 7473 ...in... results\n+00012830: 2069 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 7479 206c 6973 in an empty lis\n+00012840: 742c 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 t, no commands a\n+00012850: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 7574 6564 re. executed\n+00012860: 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e , and the return\n+00012870: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 status is 0...i\n+00012880: 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 656e 204c 4953 f LIST; then LIS\n+00012890: 543b 205b 656c 6966 204c 4953 543b 2074 T; [elif LIST; t\n+000128a0: 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b hen LIST;] ... [\n+000128b0: 656c 7365 204c 4953 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 else LIST;] fi. \n+000128c0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9869 66e2 8099 The ...if...\n+000128d0: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n+000128e0: 642c 2077 6865 7265 204c 4953 5420 6973 d, where LIST is\n+000128f0: 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 20e2 809c a series of ...\n+00012900: 7369 6d70 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d simple. comm\n+00012910: 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 and...s separate\n+00012920: 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 d by a \";\". If \n+00012930: 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 its exit status \n+00012940: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 740a 2020 2020 of the last. \n+00012950: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7a65 726f command is zero\n+00012960: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 , the ...then...\n+00012970: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n+00012980: 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2065 d. Otherwise, e\n+00012990: 6163 680a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656c 6966 ach. ...elif\n+000129a0: e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 ... LIST is exec\n+000129b0: 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7475 726e 2c20 616e uted in turn, an\n+000129c0: 6420 6966 2069 7473 206c 6173 7420 636f d if its last co\n+000129d0: 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 0a20 2020 mmand's exit. \n+000129e0: 2020 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f status is zero\n+000129f0: 2c20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 , the correspond\n+00012a00: 696e 6720 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c ing ...then... L\n+00012a10: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 IST is executed \n+00012a20: 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d and the. com\n+00012a30: 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e20 mand completes. \n+00012a40: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 Otherwise, the \n+00012a50: e280 9865 6c73 65e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 ...else... LIST \n+00012a60: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2069 660a is executed, if.\n+00012a70: 2020 2020 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 present. T\n+00012a80: 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 he exit status i\n+00012a90: 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 s the exit statu\n+00012aa0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f s of the last co\n+00012ab0: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 mmand. execu\n+00012ac0: 7465 642c 206f 7220 7a65 726f 2069 6620 ted, or zero if \n+00012ad0: 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 no condition tes\n+00012ae0: 7465 6420 7472 7565 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 ted true...while\n+00012af0: 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 COND; do LIST; \n+00012b00: 646f 6e65 0a75 6e74 696c 2043 4f4e 443b done.until COND;\n+00012b10: 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 do LIST; done. \n+00012b20: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 The ...while\n+00012b30: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6e74 ... command cont\n+00012b40: 696e 756f 7573 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 inuously execute\n+00012b50: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9864 6fe2 8099 204c s the ...do... L\n+00012b60: 4953 5420 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 IST as long as. \n+00012b70: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d the last com\n+00012b80: 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 434f 4e44 2072 6574 mand in COND ret\n+00012b90: 7572 6e73 2061 6e20 6578 6974 2073 7461 urns an exit sta\n+00012ba0: 7475 7320 6f66 207a 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 tus of zero, whe\n+00012bb0: 7265 2043 4f4e 440a 2020 2020 2069 7320 re COND. is \n+00012bc0: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 e280 9c73 696d a list of ...sim\n+00012bd0: 706c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 ple command...s \n+00012be0: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 separated by a \"\n+00012bf0: 3b22 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 756e 7469 ;\". The ...unti\n+00012c00: 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e l.... comman\n+00012c10: 6420 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 d is identical t\n+00012c20: 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 o the ...while..\n+00012c30: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2065 7863 6570 . command, excep\n+00012c40: 7420 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 6573 740a t that the test.\n+00012c50: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6e65 6761 7465 643b is negated;\n+00012c60: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 646f e280 9920 4c49 the ...do... LI\n+00012c70: 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 ST is executed a\n+00012c80: 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c61 s long as the la\n+00012c90: 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 st command. \n+00012ca0: 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 in COND returns \n+00012cb0: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 a non-zero exit \n+00012cc0: 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 status. The exi\n+00012cd0: 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 650a t status of the.\n+00012ce0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 ...while...\n+00012cf0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 and ...until...\n+00012d00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 commands is the\n+00012d10: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 exit status of \n+00012d20: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 20e2 8098 646f e280 the last ...do..\n+00012d30: 990a 2020 2020 204c 4953 5420 636f 6d6d .. LIST comm\n+00012d40: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 and executed, or\n+00012d50: 207a 6572 6f20 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 zero if none wa\n+00012d60: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e s executed...fun\n+00012d70: 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d ction NAME { COM\n+00012d80: 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 MAND; ... }. \n+00012d90: 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 This defines a \n+00012da0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206e 616d 6564 204e function named N\n+00012db0: 414d 452e 2020 5468 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 AME. The ...bod\n+00012dc0: 79e2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6675 6e63 y... of the func\n+00012dd0: 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 tion is. the\n+00012de0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 list of command\n+00012df0: 7320 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c s within braces,\n+00012e00: 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 6368 206d each of which m\n+00012e10: 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d ust be. term\n+00012e20: 696e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7365 inated with a se\n+00012e30: 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 206e 6577 micolon or a new\n+00012e40: 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6c69 7374 line. This list\n+00012e50: 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 of commands. \n+00012e60: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 will be execut\n+00012e70: 6564 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 ed whenever NAME\n+00012e80: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 is specified as\n+00012e90: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 2073 the name of a s\n+00012ea0: 696d 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 imple. comma\n+00012eb0: 6e64 2e20 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6465 nd. Function de\n+00012ec0: 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 206e 6f74 finitions do not\n+00012ed0: 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 6578 6974 affect the exit\n+00012ee0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 status in. \n+00012ef0: e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 ...$?.... When \n+00012f00: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 executed, the ex\n+00012f10: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 it status of a f\n+00012f20: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 unction is the e\n+00012f30: 7869 740a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 xit. status \n+00012f40: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d of the last comm\n+00012f50: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 and executed in \n+00012f60: 7468 6520 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 the body...menue\n+00012f70: 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b e280 982d ntry TITLE [...-\n+00012f80: 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 e280 9920 -class=class... \n+00012f90: 2e2e 2e5d 205b e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 ...] [...--users\n+00012fa0: 3d75 7365 7273 e280 995d 205b e280 982d =users...] [...-\n+00012fb0: 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 -unrestricted...\n+00012fc0: 5d20 5be2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b ] [...--hotkey=k\n+00012fd0: 6579 e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d69 643d ey...] [...--id=\n+00012fe0: 6964 e280 995d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 id...] { COMMAND\n+00012ff0: 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f ; ... }. *No\n+00013000: 7465 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a te menuentry::..\n+00013010: 0a42 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e .Built-in Comman\n+00013020: 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ds.=============\n+00013030: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 ====..Some built\n+00013040: 2d69 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 -in commands are\n+00013050: 2061 6c73 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 also provided b\n+00013060: 7920 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f y GRUB script to\n+00013070: 2068 656c 7020 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 help script.wri\n+00013080: 7465 7273 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 ters perform act\n+00013090: 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 ions that are ot\n+000130a0: 6865 7277 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 herwise not poss\n+000130b0: 6962 6c65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 ible. For examp\n+000130c0: 6c65 2c0a 7468 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 le,.these includ\n+000130d0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 e commands to ju\n+000130e0: 6d70 206f 7574 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 mp out of a loop\n+000130f0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 without fully c\n+00013100: 6f6d 706c 6574 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 ompleting.it, et\n+00013110: 632e 0a0a 6272 6561 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 c...break [...n.\n+00013120: 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 6672 ..]. Exit fr\n+00013130: 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e280 9866 om within a ...f\n+00013140: 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 or..., ...while.\n+00013150: 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 .., or ...until.\n+00013160: 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 .. loop. If ...\n+00013170: 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 n... is. spe\n+00013180: 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6272 6561 6b20 e280 cified, break ..\n+00013190: 986e e280 9920 6c65 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 .n... levels. .\n+000131a0: 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 ..n... must be g\n+000131b0: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 reater than or e\n+000131c0: 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 qual to. 1. \n+000131d0: 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2067 If ...n... is g\n+000131e0: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 reater than the \n+000131f0: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 number of enclos\n+00013200: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 ing loops, all. \n+00013210: 2020 2020 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f enclosing lo\n+00013220: 6f70 7320 6172 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 ops are exited. \n+00013230: 2054 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 The return valu\n+00013240: 6520 6973 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 e is 0 unless ..\n+00013250: 986e e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f .n... is. no\n+00013260: 7420 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f t greater than o\n+00013270: 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 r equal to 1...c\n+00013280: 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 ontinue [...n...\n+00013290: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 756d 6520 7468 ]. Resume th\n+000132a0: 6520 6e65 7874 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e e next iteration\n+000132b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 656e 636c 6f73 696e of the enclosin\n+000132c0: 6720 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 g ...for..., ...\n+000132d0: 7768 696c 65e2 8099 206f 720a 2020 2020 while... or. \n+000132e0: 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f ...until... loo\n+000132f0: 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 p. If ...n... i\n+00013300: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2072 6573 s specified, res\n+00013310: 756d 6520 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 ume at the ...n.\n+00013320: 8099 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 ..th enclosing. \n+00013330: 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 loop. ...n.\n+00013340: 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 .. must be great\n+00013350: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c er than or equal\n+00013360: 2074 6f20 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 to 1. If ...n.\n+00013370: 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 720a 2020 .. is greater. \n+00013380: 2020 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 than the numb\n+00013390: 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 er of enclosing \n+000133a0: 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 loops, the last \n+000133b0: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 enclosing loop (\n+000133c0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 809c 746f 702d the. ...top-\n+000133d0: 6c65 7665 6ce2 809d 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 level... loop) i\n+000133e0: 7320 7265 7375 6d65 642e 2020 5468 6520 s resumed. The \n+000133f0: 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 return value is \n+00013400: 3020 756e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 0 unless ...n...\n+00013410: 2069 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 is. not gre\n+00013420: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 ater than or equ\n+00013430: 616c 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e al to 1...return\n+00013440: 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 [...n...]. \n+00013450: 4361 7573 6573 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f Causes a functio\n+00013460: 6e20 746f 2065 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 n to exit with t\n+00013470: 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 he return value \n+00013480: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 20e2 8098 specified by ...\n+00013490: 6ee2 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 n..... If ..\n+000134a0: 986e e280 9920 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 .n... is omitted\n+000134b0: 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 , the return sta\n+000134c0: 7475 7320 6973 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2074 tus is that of t\n+000134d0: 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a he last command.\n+000134e0: 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 696e executed in\n+000134f0: 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 626f the function bo\n+00013500: 6479 2e20 2049 6620 7573 6564 206f 7574 dy. If used out\n+00013510: 7369 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 side a function \n+00013520: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 the. return \n+00013530: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 6661 6c73 652e status is false.\n+00013540: 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 616d 7320 5be2 8098 ..setparams [...\n+00013550: 6172 67e2 8099 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 arg...] .... \n+00013560: 2052 6570 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f Replace positio\n+00013570: 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 nal parameters s\n+00013580: 7461 7274 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 tarting with ...\n+00013590: 2431 e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d $1... with argum\n+000135a0: 656e 7473 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ents to. ...\n+000135b0: 7365 7470 6172 616d 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 setparams......s\n+000135c0: 6869 6674 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 hift [...n...]. \n+000135d0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e The position\n+000135e0: 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6672 al parameters fr\n+000135f0: 6f6d 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e om ...n...+1 ...\n+00013600: 2061 7265 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 are renamed to \n+00013610: e280 9824 31e2 8099 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 ...$1........ \n+00013620: 2020 5061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 Parameters rep\n+00013630: 7265 7365 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 resented by the \n+00013640: 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 e280 9824 23e2 8099 numbers ...$#...\n+00013650: 2064 6f77 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 2423 e280 down to ...$#..\n+00013660: 992d e280 986e e280 992b 3120 6172 650a .-...n...+1 are.\n+00013670: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 unset. ...\n+00013680: 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e n... must be a n\n+00013690: 6f6e 2d6e 6567 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 on-negative numb\n+000136a0: 6572 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 er less than or \n+000136b0: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 equal to. ..\n+000136c0: 9824 23e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e .$#.... If ...n\n+000136d0: e280 9920 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 ... is 0, no par\n+000136e0: 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6368 616e ameters are chan\n+000136f0: 6765 642e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 ged. If ...n...\n+00013700: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 is not. giv\n+00013710: 656e 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 en, it is assume\n+00013720: 6420 746f 2062 6520 312e 2020 4966 20e2 d to be 1. If .\n+00013730: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 ..n... is greate\n+00013740: 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992c r than ...$#...,\n+00013750: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 the. positi\n+00013760: 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 onal parameters \n+00013770: 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 6368 616e 6765 642e are not changed.\n+00013780: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 The return sta\n+00013790: 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6772 6561 tus is. grea\n+000137a0: 7465 7220 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f20 6966 ter than zero if\n+000137b0: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 ...n... is grea\n+000137c0: 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 ter than ...$#..\n+000137d0: 9920 6f72 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a . or less than z\n+000137e0: 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 ero;. otherw\n+000137f0: 6973 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ise 0.....File: \n+00013800: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00013810: 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 : Shell-like scr\n+00013820: 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 ipting-Footnotes\n+00013830: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b , Up: Shell-lik\n+00013840: 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 e scripting.. \n+00013850: 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 (1) Currently a \n+00013860: 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e backslash-newlin\n+00013870: 6520 7061 6972 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e pair within a \n+00013880: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 variable name is\n+00013890: 206e 6f74 0a68 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f not.handled pro\n+000138a0: 7065 726c 792c 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 perly, so use th\n+000138b0: 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 is feature with \n+000138c0: 736f 6d65 2063 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 some care.....Fi\n+000138d0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000138e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 Node: Multi-boot\n+000138f0: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 manual config, \n+00013900: 204e 6578 743a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 Next: Embedded \n+00013910: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 configuration, \n+00013920: 5072 6576 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 Prev: Shell-like\n+00013930: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a scripting, Up:\n+00013940: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a Configuration..\n+00013950: 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 6.4 Multi-boot m\n+00013960: 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d anual config.===\n 00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00013980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 =======..Current\n-00013990: 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 696e ly autogeneratin\n-000139a0: 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 2066 g config files f\n-000139b0: 6f72 206d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e or multi-boot en\n-000139c0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 656e vironments.depen\n-000139d0: 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 ds on os-prober \n-000139e0: 616e 6420 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 and has several \n-000139f0: 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 2044 shortcomings. D\n-00013a00: 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 ue to that it is\n-00013a10: 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 .disabled by def\n-00013a20: 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 6476 ault. It is adv\n-00013a30: 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 ised to use the \n-00013a40: 706f 7765 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 7379 power of GRUB sy\n-00013a50: 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 ntax and.do it y\n-00013a60: 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f 7373 ourself. A poss\n-00013a70: 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ible configurati\n-00013a80: 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 2068 on is detailed h\n-00013a90: 6572 652c 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 2074 ere, feel free t\n-00013aa0: 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f 7572 o.adjust to your\n-00013ab0: 206e 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 needs... Firs\n-00013ac0: 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 6172 t create a separ\n-00013ad0: 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 ate GRUB partiti\n-00013ae0: 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 2074 on, big enough t\n-00013af0: 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 6f6d o hold GRUB. Som\n-00013b00: 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 e.of the followi\n-00013b10: 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f 7720 ng entries show \n-00013b20: 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 how to load OS i\n-00013b30: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 7320 nstaller images \n-00013b40: 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 2070 from this.same p\n-00013b50: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 7468 artition, for th\n-00013b60: 6174 2079 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 6c79 at you obviously\n-00013b70: 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 need to make th\n-00013b80: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 e partition larg\n-00013b90: 650a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 e.enough to hold\n-00013ba0: 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6173 those images as\n-00013bb0: 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 well. Mount th\n-00013bc0: 6973 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f is partition on/\n-00013bd0: 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 mnt/boot.and dis\n-00013be0: 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 6c6c able GRUB in all\n-00013bf0: 204f 5365 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c OSes and manual\n-00013c00: 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c 662d ly install self-\n-00013c10: 636f 6d70 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 740a compiled latest.\n-00013c20: 4752 5542 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 20e2 GRUB with:.. .\n-00013c30: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d ..grub-install -\n-00013c40: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d -boot-directory=\n-00013c50: 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 /mnt/boot /dev/s\n-00013c60: 6461 e280 990a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c da..... In all\n-00013c70: 2074 6865 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c the OSes instal\n-00013c80: 6c20 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 l GRUB tools but\n-00013c90: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c disable install\n-00013ca0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 ing GRUB in.boot\n-00013cb0: 7365 6374 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c sector, so you'l\n-00013cc0: 6c20 6861 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 l have menu.lst \n-00013cd0: 616e 6420 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 and grub.cfg ava\n-00013ce0: 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a ilable for use..\n-00013cf0: 416c 736f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d Also disable os-\n-00013d00: 7072 6f62 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 prober use by se\n-00013d10: 7474 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 4752 tting:.. ...GR\n-00013d20: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 UB_DISABLE_OS_PR\n-00013d30: 4f42 4552 3d74 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a 2020 OBER=true..... \n-00013d40: 2069 6e20 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 in /etc/default\n-00013d50: 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2077 /grub.. Then w\n-00013d60: 7269 7465 2061 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 rite a grub.cfg \n-00013d70: 282f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f (/mnt/boot/grub/\n-00013d80: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 grub.cfg):... \n-00013d90: 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 menuentry \"OS \n-00013da0: 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 3222 207b 0a20 using grub2\" {. \n-00013db0: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 insmod xf\n-00013dc0: 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 s. search\n-00013dd0: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n-00013de0: 6265 6c20 4f53 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 bel OS1 --hint h\n-00013df0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 380a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos8. \n-00013e00: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f configfile /bo\n-00013e10: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n-00013e20: 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 . }.. me\n-00013e30: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e nuentry \"OS usin\n-00013e40: 6720 6772 7562 322d 6c65 6761 6379 2220 g grub2-legacy\" \n-00013e50: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 {. insmod\n-00013e60: 2065 7874 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 ext2. se\n-00013e70: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n-00013e80: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 --label OS2 --hi\n-00013e90: 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a 2020 nt hd0,msdos6. \n-00013ea0: 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e legacy_con\n-00013eb0: 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 figfile /boot/gr\n-00013ec0: 7562 2f6d 656e 752e 6c73 740a 2020 2020 ub/menu.lst. \n-00013ed0: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n-00013ee0: 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 2220 ry \"Windows XP\" \n-00013ef0: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 {. insmod\n-00013f00: 206e 7466 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 ntfs. se\n-00013f10: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n-00013f20: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 535f --label WINDOWS_\n-00013f30: 5850 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 XP --hint hd0,ms\n-00013f40: 646f 7331 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c dos1. ntl\n-00013f50: 6472 202f 6e74 6c64 720a 2020 2020 207d dr /ntldr. }\n-00013f60: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-00013f70: 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 3722 207b 0a20 \"Windows 7\" {. \n-00013f80: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 insmod nt\n-00013f90: 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 fs. searc\n-00013fa0: 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c h --set=root --l\n-00013fb0: 6162 656c 2057 494e 444f 5753 5f37 202d abel WINDOWS_7 -\n-00013fc0: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 -hint hd0,msdos2\n-00013fd0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f . ntldr /\n-00013fe0: 626f 6f74 6d67 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a bootmgr. }..\n-00013ff0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n-00014000: 4672 6565 4253 4422 207b 0a20 2020 2020 FreeBSD\" {. \n-00014010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 insmod\n-00014020: 207a 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 zfs. \n-00014030: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n-00014040: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 =root --label fr\n-00014050: 6565 706f 6f6c 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 eepool --hint hd\n-00014060: 302c 6d73 646f 7337 0a20 2020 2020 2020 0,msdos7. \n-00014070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b66 7265 6562 7364 kfreebsd\n-00014080: 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f /freebsd@/boot/\n-00014090: 6b65 726e 656c 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 kernel/kernel. \n-000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 kfr\n-000140b0: 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 eebsd_module_elf\n-000140c0: 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f /freebsd@/boot/\n-000140d0: 6b65 726e 656c 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 kernel/opensolar\n-000140e0: 6973 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 is.ko. \n-000140f0: 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f kfreebsd_mo\n-00014100: 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 dule_elf /freebs\n-00014110: 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a d@/boot/kernel/z\n-00014120: 6673 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fs.ko. \n-00014130: 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f kfreebsd_mo\n-00014140: 6475 6c65 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 dule /freebsd@/b\n-00014150: 6f6f 742f 7a66 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 oot/zfs/zpool.ca\n-00014160: 6368 6520 7479 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a che type=/boot/z\n-00014170: 6673 2f7a 706f 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 fs/zpool.cache. \n-00014180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n-00014190: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 t kFreeBSD.vfs.r\n-000141a0: 6f6f 742e 6d6f 756e 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 oot.mountfrom=zf\n-000141b0: 733a 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 s:freepool/freeb\n-000141c0: 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sd. \n-000141d0: 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e68 set kFreeBSD.h\n-000141e0: 772e 7073 6d2e 7379 6e61 7074 6963 735f w.psm.synaptics_\n-000141f0: 7375 7070 6f72 743d 310a 2020 2020 207d support=1. }\n-00014200: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-00014210: 2022 6578 7065 7269 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 \"experimental G\n-00014220: 5255 4222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 RUB\" {. \n-00014230: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n-00014240: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n-00014250: 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c GRUB --hint hd0,\n-00014260: 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 msdos5. \n-00014270: 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 multiboot \n-00014280: 2f65 7870 6572 696d 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 /experimental/gr\n-00014290: 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 652e ub/i386-pc/core.\n-000142a0: 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 img. }.. \n-000142b0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f menuentry \"Fedo\n-000142c0: 7261 2031 3620 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7222 ra 16 installer\"\n-000142d0: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-000142e0: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n-000142f0: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 oot --label GRUB\n-00014300: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n-00014310: 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s5. \n-00014320: 2020 6c69 6e75 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 612f linux /fedora/\n-00014330: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f vmlinuz lang=en_\n-00014340: 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 US keymap=sg res\n-00014350: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 olution=1280x800\n-00014360: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00014370: 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 initrd /fedora/i\n-00014380: 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d nitrd.img. }\n-00014390: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-000143a0: 2022 4665 646f 7261 2072 6177 6869 6465 \"Fedora rawhide\n-000143b0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 installer\" {. \n-000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 sea\n-000143d0: 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d rch --set=root -\n-000143e0: 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 -label GRUB --hi\n-000143f0: 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 nt hd0,msdos5. \n-00014400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e lin\n-00014410: 7578 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e ux /fedora/vmlin\n-00014420: 757a 2072 6570 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 uz repo=ftp://mi\n-00014430: 7272 6f72 2e73 7769 7463 682e 6368 2f6d rror.switch.ch/m\n-00014440: 6972 726f 722f 6665 646f 7261 2f6c 696e irror/fedora/lin\n-00014450: 7578 2f64 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 ux/development/r\n-00014460: 6177 6869 6465 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 awhide/x86_64 la\n-00014470: 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d ng=en_US keymap=\n-00014480: 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 sg resolution=12\n-00014490: 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 80x800. \n-000144a0: 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 initrd /fe\n-000144b0: 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a dora/initrd.img.\n-000144c0: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n-000144d0: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4465 6269 616e 2073 uentry \"Debian s\n-000144e0: 6964 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a id installer\" {.\n-000144f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-00014500: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 earch --set=root\n-00014510: 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d --label GRUB --\n-00014520: 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a hint hd0,msdos5.\n-00014530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n-00014540: 696e 7578 202f 6465 6269 616e 2f64 6973 inux /debian/dis\n-00014550: 7473 2f73 6964 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 ts/sid/main/inst\n-00014560: 616c 6c65 722d 616d 6436 342f 6375 7272 aller-amd64/curr\n-00014570: 656e 742f 696d 6167 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 ent/images/hd-me\n-00014580: 6469 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 dia/vmlinuz. \n-00014590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 initr\n-000145a0: 6420 2f64 6562 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 732f d /debian/dists/\n-000145b0: 7369 642f 6d61 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c sid/main/install\n-000145c0: 6572 2d61 6d64 3634 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 er-amd64/current\n-000145d0: 2f69 6d61 6765 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 /images/hd-media\n-000145e0: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a 0a20 2020 2020 /initrd.gz. \n-000145f0: 7d0a 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 }... Notes:. \n-00014600: 20e2 80a2 2041 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f ... Argument to\n-00014610: 2073 6561 7263 6820 6166 7465 7220 2d6c search after -l\n-00014620: 6162 656c 2069 7320 4653 204c 4142 454c abel is FS LABEL\n-00014630: 2e20 596f 7520 6361 6e20 616c 736f 2075 . You can also u\n-00014640: 7365 2055 5549 4473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 se UUIDs. wi\n-00014650: 7468 202d 6673 2d75 7569 6420 5555 4944 th -fs-uuid UUID\n-00014660: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 2d6c 6162 instead of -lab\n-00014670: 656c 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 636f el LABEL. You co\n-00014680: 756c 6420 616c 736f 2075 7365 0a20 2020 uld also use. \n-00014690: 2020 6469 7265 6374 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 direct ...root\n-000146a0: 3d68 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 58e2 8099 2062 =hd0,msdosX... b\n-000146b0: 7574 2074 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2072 ut this is not r\n-000146c0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2064 7565 2074 ecommended due t\n-000146d0: 6f20 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 o device. na\n-000146e0: 6d65 2069 6e73 7461 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a me instability..\n-000146f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00014700: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 6564 fo, Node: Embed\n-00014710: 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ded configuratio\n-00014720: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d n, Prev: Multi-\n-00014730: 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 boot manual conf\n-00014740: 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 ig, Up: Configu\n-00014750: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3520 456d 6265 ration..6.5 Embe\n-00014760: 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 dding a configur\n-00014770: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 ation file into \n-00014780: 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d GRUB.===========\n+00013980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 =========..Curre\n+00013990: 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 ntly autogenerat\n+000139a0: 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 ing config files\n+000139b0: 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 for multi-boot \n+000139c0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 environments.dep\n+000139d0: 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 ends on os-probe\n+000139e0: 7220 616e 6420 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 r and has severa\n+000139f0: 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 l shortcomings. \n+00013a00: 2044 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 Due to that it \n+00013a10: 6973 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 is.disabled by d\n+00013a20: 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 efault. It is a\n+00013a30: 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 dvised to use th\n+00013a40: 6520 706f 7765 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 e power of GRUB \n+00013a50: 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 syntax and.do it\n+00013a60: 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f yourself. A po\n+00013a70: 7373 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ssible configura\n+00013a80: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 tion is detailed\n+00013a90: 2068 6572 652c 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 here, feel free\n+00013aa0: 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f to.adjust to yo\n+00013ab0: 7572 206e 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 ur needs... Fi\n+00013ac0: 7273 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 rst create a sep\n+00013ad0: 6172 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 arate GRUB parti\n+00013ae0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 tion, big enough\n+00013af0: 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 to hold GRUB. S\n+00013b00: 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ome.of the follo\n+00013b10: 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f wing entries sho\n+00013b20: 7720 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 w how to load OS\n+00013b30: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 installer image\n+00013b40: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 s from this.same\n+00013b50: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 partition, for \n+00013b60: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 that you obvious\n+00013b70: 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 ly need to make \n+00013b80: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 the partition la\n+00013b90: 7267 650a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f rge.enough to ho\n+00013ba0: 6c64 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 ld those images \n+00013bb0: 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 as well. Mount \n+00013bc0: 7468 6973 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f this partition o\n+00013bd0: 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 n/mnt/boot.and d\n+00013be0: 6973 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 isable GRUB in a\n+00013bf0: 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 ll OSes and manu\n+00013c00: 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c ally install sel\n+00013c10: 662d 636f 6d70 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 f-compiled lates\n+00013c20: 740a 4752 5542 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 t.GRUB with:.. \n+00013c30: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n+00013c40: 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 --boot-director\n+00013c50: 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 y=/mnt/boot /dev\n+00013c60: 2f73 6461 e280 990a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 /sda..... In a\n+00013c70: 6c6c 2074 6865 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 ll the OSes inst\n+00013c80: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 all GRUB tools b\n+00013c90: 7574 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 ut disable insta\n+00013ca0: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f lling GRUB in.bo\n+00013cb0: 6f74 7365 6374 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 otsector, so you\n+00013cc0: 276c 6c20 6861 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 'll have menu.ls\n+00013cd0: 7420 616e 6420 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 t and grub.cfg a\n+00013ce0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 vailable for use\n+00013cf0: 2e0a 416c 736f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f ..Also disable o\n+00013d00: 732d 7072 6f62 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 s-prober use by \n+00013d10: 7365 7474 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 setting:.. ...\n+00013d20: 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f GRUB_DISABLE_OS_\n+00013d30: 5052 4f42 4552 3d74 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a PROBER=true.....\n+00013d40: 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 in /etc/defau\n+00013d50: 6c74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 5468 656e lt/grub.. Then\n+00013d60: 2077 7269 7465 2061 2067 7275 622e 6366 write a grub.cf\n+00013d70: 6720 282f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 g (/mnt/boot/gru\n+00013d80: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 b/grub.cfg):... \n+00013d90: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f menuentry \"O\n+00013da0: 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 3222 207b S using grub2\" {\n+00013db0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 . insmod \n+00013dc0: 7866 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 xfs. sear\n+00013dd0: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n+00013de0: 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 label OS1 --hint\n+00013df0: 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 380a 2020 2020 hd0,msdos8. \n+00013e00: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f configfile /\n+00013e10: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n+00013e20: 6667 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 fg. }.. \n+00013e30: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 menuentry \"OS us\n+00013e40: 696e 6720 6772 7562 322d 6c65 6761 6379 ing grub2-legacy\n+00013e50: 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d \" {. insm\n+00013e60: 6f64 2065 7874 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 od ext2. \n+00013e70: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n+00013e80: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d t --label OS2 --\n+00013e90: 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a hint hd0,msdos6.\n+00013ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 legacy_c\n+00013eb0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f onfigfile /boot/\n+00013ec0: 6772 7562 2f6d 656e 752e 6c73 740a 2020 grub/menu.lst. \n+00013ed0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n+00013ee0: 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 ntry \"Windows XP\n+00013ef0: 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d \" {. insm\n+00013f00: 6f64 206e 7466 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 od ntfs. \n+00013f10: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n+00013f20: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 t --label WINDOW\n+00013f30: 535f 5850 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c S_XP --hint hd0,\n+00013f40: 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e msdos1. n\n+00013f50: 746c 6472 202f 6e74 6c64 720a 2020 2020 tldr /ntldr. \n+00013f60: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+00013f70: 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 3722 207b ry \"Windows 7\" {\n+00013f80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 . insmod \n+00013f90: 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 ntfs. sea\n+00013fa0: 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d rch --set=root -\n+00013fb0: 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 494e 444f 5753 5f37 -label WINDOWS_7\n+00013fc0: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n+00013fd0: 7332 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 s2. ntldr\n+00013fe0: 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 720a 2020 2020 207d /bootmgr. }\n+00013ff0: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n+00014000: 2022 4672 6565 4253 4422 207b 0a20 2020 \"FreeBSD\" {. \n+00014010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d insm\n+00014020: 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 od zfs. \n+00014030: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n+00014040: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n+00014050: 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 202d 2d68 696e 7420 freepool --hint \n+00014060: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7337 0a20 2020 2020 hd0,msdos7. \n+00014070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b66 7265 6562 kfreeb\n+00014080: 7364 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f sd /freebsd@/boo\n+00014090: 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a t/kernel/kernel.\n+000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n+000140b0: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 freebsd_module_e\n+000140c0: 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f lf /freebsd@/boo\n+000140d0: 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c t/kernel/opensol\n+000140e0: 6172 6973 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 aris.ko. \n+000140f0: 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f kfreebsd_\n+00014100: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 module_elf /free\n+00014110: 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c bsd@/boot/kernel\n+00014120: 2f7a 6673 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 /zfs.ko. \n+00014130: 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f kfreebsd_\n+00014140: 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 module /freebsd@\n+00014150: 2f62 6f6f 742f 7a66 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e /boot/zfs/zpool.\n+00014160: 6361 6368 6520 7479 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 cache type=/boot\n+00014170: 2f7a 6673 2f7a 706f 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 /zfs/zpool.cache\n+00014180: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00014190: 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e76 6673 set kFreeBSD.vfs\n+000141a0: 2e72 6f6f 742e 6d6f 756e 7466 726f 6d3d .root.mountfrom=\n+000141b0: 7a66 733a 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 zfs:freepool/fre\n+000141c0: 6562 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ebsd. \n+000141d0: 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 set kFreeBSD\n+000141e0: 2e68 772e 7073 6d2e 7379 6e61 7074 6963 .hw.psm.synaptic\n+000141f0: 735f 7375 7070 6f72 743d 310a 2020 2020 s_support=1. \n+00014200: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+00014210: 7279 2022 6578 7065 7269 6d65 6e74 616c ry \"experimental\n+00014220: 2047 5255 4222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 GRUB\" {. \n+00014230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n+00014240: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n+00014250: 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 l GRUB --hint hd\n+00014260: 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 0,msdos5. \n+00014270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f multiboo\n+00014280: 7420 2f65 7870 6572 696d 656e 7461 6c2f t /experimental/\n+00014290: 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 grub/i386-pc/cor\n+000142a0: 652e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 e.img. }.. \n+000142b0: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 menuentry \"Fe\n+000142c0: 646f 7261 2031 3620 696e 7374 616c 6c65 dora 16 installe\n+000142d0: 7222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r\" {. \n+000142e0: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n+000142f0: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 =root --label GR\n+00014300: 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 UB --hint hd0,ms\n+00014310: 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dos5. \n+00014320: 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 linux /fedor\n+00014330: 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 a/vmlinuz lang=e\n+00014340: 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 n_US keymap=sg r\n+00014350: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 esolution=1280x8\n+00014360: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 00. \n+00014370: 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 initrd /fedora\n+00014380: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 /initrd.img. \n+00014390: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+000143a0: 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2072 6177 6869 ry \"Fedora rawhi\n+000143b0: 6465 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a de installer\" {.\n+000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+000143d0: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 earch --set=root\n+000143e0: 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d --label GRUB --\n+000143f0: 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a hint hd0,msdos5.\n+00014400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n+00014410: 696e 7578 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c inux /fedora/vml\n+00014420: 696e 757a 2072 6570 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f inuz repo=ftp://\n+00014430: 6d69 7272 6f72 2e73 7769 7463 682e 6368 mirror.switch.ch\n+00014440: 2f6d 6972 726f 722f 6665 646f 7261 2f6c /mirror/fedora/l\n+00014450: 696e 7578 2f64 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 inux/development\n+00014460: 2f72 6177 6869 6465 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 /rawhide/x86_64 \n+00014470: 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 lang=en_US keyma\n+00014480: 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d p=sg resolution=\n+00014490: 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 1280x800. \n+000144a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f initrd /\n+000144b0: 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d fedora/initrd.im\n+000144c0: 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d g. }.. m\n+000144d0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4465 6269 616e enuentry \"Debian\n+000144e0: 2073 6964 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 sid installer\" \n+000144f0: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+00014500: 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f search --set=ro\n+00014510: 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 ot --label GRUB \n+00014520: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 --hint hd0,msdos\n+00014530: 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5. \n+00014540: 206c 696e 7578 202f 6465 6269 616e 2f64 linux /debian/d\n+00014550: 6973 7473 2f73 6964 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e ists/sid/main/in\n+00014560: 7374 616c 6c65 722d 616d 6436 342f 6375 staller-amd64/cu\n+00014570: 7272 656e 742f 696d 6167 6573 2f68 642d rrent/images/hd-\n+00014580: 6d65 6469 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 media/vmlinuz. \n+00014590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 ini\n+000145a0: 7472 6420 2f64 6562 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 trd /debian/dist\n+000145b0: 732f 7369 642f 6d61 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 s/sid/main/insta\n+000145c0: 6c6c 6572 2d61 6d64 3634 2f63 7572 7265 ller-amd64/curre\n+000145d0: 6e74 2f69 6d61 6765 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 nt/images/hd-med\n+000145e0: 6961 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a 0a20 2020 ia/initrd.gz. \n+000145f0: 2020 7d0a 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6573 3a0a }... Notes:.\n+00014600: 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7267 756d 656e 7420 ... Argument \n+00014610: 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 6166 7465 7220 to search after \n+00014620: 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 7320 4653 204c 4142 -label is FS LAB\n+00014630: 454c 2e20 596f 7520 6361 6e20 616c 736f EL. You can also\n+00014640: 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 0a20 2020 2020 use UUIDs. \n+00014650: 7769 7468 202d 6673 2d75 7569 6420 5555 with -fs-uuid UU\n+00014660: 4944 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 2d6c ID instead of -l\n+00014670: 6162 656c 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 abel LABEL. You \n+00014680: 636f 756c 6420 616c 736f 2075 7365 0a20 could also use. \n+00014690: 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 20e2 8098 726f direct ...ro\n+000146a0: 6f74 3d68 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 58e2 8099 ot=hd0,msdosX...\n+000146b0: 2062 7574 2074 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 but this is not\n+000146c0: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2064 7565 recommended due\n+000146d0: 2074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 to device. \n+000146e0: 6e61 6d65 2069 6e73 7461 6269 6c69 7479 name instability\n+000146f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00014700: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 info, Node: Emb\n+00014710: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n+00014720: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d75 6c74 ion, Prev: Mult\n+00014730: 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f i-boot manual co\n+00014740: 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 nfig, Up: Confi\n+00014750: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3520 456d guration..6.5 Em\n+00014760: 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 bedding a config\n+00014770: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 uration file int\n+00014780: 6f20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d o GRUB.=========\n 00014790: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000147b0: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 =..GRUB supports\n-000147c0: 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e embedding a con\n-000147d0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-000147e0: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 directly into th\n-000147f0: 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 736f e core.image, so\n-00014800: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 that it is load\n-00014810: 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 656e 7465 7269 ed before enteri\n-00014820: 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2e20 ng normal mode. \n-00014830: 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a75 7365 6675 6c2c This is.useful,\n-00014840: 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7768 for example, wh\n-00014850: 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7472 en it is not str\n-00014860: 6169 6768 7466 6f72 7761 7264 2074 6f20 aightforward to \n-00014870: 6669 6e64 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c0a 636f find the real.co\n-00014880: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-00014890: 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6e65 , or when you ne\n-000148a0: 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6275 6720 7072 6f62 ed to debug prob\n-000148b0: 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6c6f 6164 696e lems with loadin\n-000148c0: 6720 7468 6174 0a66 696c 652e 2020 e280 g that.file. ..\n-000148d0: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 .grub-install...\n-000148e0: 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 uses this featu\n-000148f0: 7265 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f re when it is no\n-00014900: 7420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 2064 6973 t using BIOS dis\n-00014910: 6b0a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 2077 k.functions or w\n-00014920: 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 hen installing t\n-00014930: 6f20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6469 o a different di\n-00014940: 736b 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 sk from the one \n-00014950: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0ae2 8098 2f62 containing..../b\n-00014960: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992c 2069 6e20 oot/grub..., in \n-00014970: 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 6e65 which case it ne\n-00014980: 6564 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 eds to use the .\n-00014990: 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ..search... comm\n-000149a0: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 and (*note.searc\n-000149b0: 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 20e2 8098 h::) to find ...\n-000149c0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a0a /boot/grub......\n-000149d0: 2020 2054 6f20 656d 6265 6420 6120 636f To embed a co\n-000149e0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-000149f0: 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 982d 63e2 , use the ...-c.\n-00014a00: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 .. option to ...\n-00014a10: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 992e grub-mkimage....\n-00014a20: 0a54 6865 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f70 .The file is cop\n-00014a30: 6965 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 ied into the cor\n-00014a40: 6520 696d 6167 652c 2073 6f20 6974 206d e image, so it m\n-00014a50: 6179 2072 6573 6964 6520 616e 7977 6865 ay reside anywhe\n-00014a60: 7265 206f 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 2073 re on the.file s\n-00014a70: 7973 7465 6d2c 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 ystem, and may b\n-00014a80: 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 e removed after \n-00014a90: 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d running ...grub-\n-00014aa0: 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 mkimage...... \n-00014ab0: 4166 7465 7220 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 After the embedd\n-00014ac0: 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ed configuration\n-00014ad0: 2066 696c 6520 2869 6620 616e 7929 2069 file (if any) i\n-00014ae0: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 4752 5542 s executed, GRUB\n-00014af0: 2077 696c 6c0a 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 20e2 will.load the .\n-00014b00: 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 ..normal... modu\n-00014b10: 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c le (*note normal\n-00014b20: 3a3a 292c 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 ::), which will \n-00014b30: 7468 656e 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 7265 then read the re\n-00014b40: 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e al.configuration\n-00014b50: 2066 696c 6520 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 2470 file from ...$p\n-00014b60: 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 refix/grub.cfg..\n-00014b70: 992e 2020 4279 2074 6869 7320 706f 696e .. By this poin\n-00014b80: 742c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 t, the ...root..\n-00014b90: 990a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 ..variable will \n-00014ba0: 616c 736f 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2073 also have been s\n-00014bb0: 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 et to the root d\n-00014bc0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 evice name. For\n-00014bd0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a e280 9870 7265 example,....pre\n-00014be0: 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 fix... might be \n-00014bf0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 set to ...(hd0,1\n-00014c00: 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 )/boot/grub..., \n-00014c10: 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d and ...root... m\n-00014c20: 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 0ae2 ight be set to..\n-00014c30: 8098 6864 302c 31e2 8099 2e20 2054 6875 ..hd0,1.... Thu\n-00014c40: 732c 2069 6e20 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 s, in most cases\n-00014c50: 2c20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 , the embedded c\n-00014c60: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00014c70: 6520 6f6e 6c79 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 e only.needs to \n-00014c80: 7365 7420 7468 6520 e280 9870 7265 6669 set the ...prefi\n-00014c90: 78e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 x... and ...root\n-00014ca0: e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2061 ... variables, a\n-00014cb0: 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6472 6f70 2074 6872 nd then drop thr\n-00014cc0: 6f75 6768 2074 6f0a 4752 5542 2773 206e ough to.GRUB's n\n-00014cd0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 ormal processing\n-00014ce0: 2e20 2041 2074 7970 6963 616c 2065 7861 . A typical exa\n-00014cf0: 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6973 206d 6967 mple of this mig\n-00014d00: 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 ht look like.thi\n-00014d10: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e s:.. search.\n-00014d20: 6673 5f75 7569 6420 3031 3233 3435 3637 fs_uuid 01234567\n-00014d30: 2d38 3961 622d 6364 6566 2d30 3132 332d -89ab-cdef-0123-\n-00014d40: 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 2072 6f6f 456789abcdef roo\n-00014d50: 740a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 t. set prefi\n-00014d60: 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 x=($root)/boot/g\n-00014d70: 7275 620a 0a20 2020 2854 6865 20e2 8098 rub.. (The ...\n-00014d80: 7365 6172 6368 5f66 735f 7575 6964 e280 search_fs_uuid..\n-00014d90: 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 . module must be\n-00014da0: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 included in the\n-00014db0: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 666f 720a core image for.\n-00014dc0: 7468 6973 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 this example to \n-00014dd0: 776f 726b 2e29 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6d6f work.).. In mo\n-00014de0: 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6173 6573 re complex cases\n-00014df0: 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 , it may be usef\n-00014e00: 756c 2074 6f20 7265 6164 206f 7468 6572 ul to read other\n-00014e10: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 configuration.f\n-00014e20: 696c 6573 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6672 iles directly fr\n-00014e30: 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 om the embedded \n-00014e40: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00014e50: 6c65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 le. This allows\n-00014e60: 2073 7563 680a 7468 696e 6773 2061 7320 such.things as \n-00014e70: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f reading files no\n-00014e80: 7420 6361 6c6c 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 t called ...grub\n-00014e90: 2e63 6667 e280 992c 206f 7220 7265 6164 .cfg..., or read\n-00014ea0: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 ing files from a\n-00014eb0: 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 206f 7468 6572 .directory other\n-00014ec0: 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6174 2077 6865 7265 than that where\n-00014ed0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 GRUB's loadable\n-00014ee0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2069 6e73 modules are ins\n-00014ef0: 7461 6c6c 6564 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 7468 talled..To do th\n-00014f00: 6973 2c20 696e 636c 7564 6520 7468 6520 is, include the \n-00014f10: e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ...configfile...\n-00014f20: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 and ...normal..\n-00014f30: 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 . modules in the\n-00014f40: 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 core.image, and\n-00014f50: 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 embed a configu\n-00014f60: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 ration file that\n-00014f70: 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e uses the ...con\n-00014f80: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 figfile... comma\n-00014f90: 6e64 0a74 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 nd.to load anoth\n-00014fa0: 6572 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f er file. The fo\n-00014fb0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 llowing example \n-00014fc0: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 of this also req\n-00014fd0: 7569 7265 7320 7468 650a e280 9865 6368 uires the....ech\n-00014fe0: 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 685f o..., ...search_\n-00014ff0: 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 label..., and ..\n-00015000: 9874 6573 74e2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6573 .test... modules\n-00015010: 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 to be included \n-00015020: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 in the core.imag\n-00015030: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e e:.. search.\n-00015040: 6673 5f6c 6162 656c 2067 7275 6220 726f fs_label grub ro\n-00015050: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6966 205b 202d 6520 ot. if [ -e \n-00015060: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 /boot/grub/examp\n-00015070: 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 6667 205d 3b20 le/test1.cfg ]; \n-00015080: 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 then. se\n-00015090: 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 t prefix=($root)\n-000150a0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 /boot/grub. \n-000150b0: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f configfile /\n-000150c0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c boot/grub/exampl\n-000150d0: 652f 7465 7374 312e 6366 670a 2020 2020 e/test1.cfg. \n-000150e0: 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 else. i\n-000150f0: 6620 5b20 2d65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 f [ -e /boot/gru\n-00015100: 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 322e b/example/test2.\n-00015110: 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 cfg ]; then. \n-00015120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 set pre\n-00015130: 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 fix=($root)/boot\n-00015140: 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 /grub. \n-00015150: 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 configfile /b\n-00015160: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 oot/grub/example\n-00015170: 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 /test2.cfg. \n-00015180: 2020 2020 656c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 else. \n-00015190: 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f 2022 436f 756c echo \"Coul\n-000151a0: 6420 6e6f 7420 6669 6e64 2061 6e20 6578 d not find an ex\n-000151b0: 616d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ample configurat\n-000151c0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2122 0a20 2020 2020 ion file!\". \n-000151d0: 2020 2020 6669 0a20 2020 2020 6669 0a0a fi. fi..\n-000151e0: 2020 2054 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 The embedded \n-000151f0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00015200: 6c65 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 le may not conta\n-00015210: 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a in menu entries.\n-00015220: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 directly, but ma\n-00015230: 7920 6f6e 6c79 2072 6561 6420 7468 656d y only read them\n-00015240: 2066 726f 6d20 656c 7365 7768 6572 6520 from elsewhere \n-00015250: 7573 696e 6720 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 using ...configf\n-00015260: 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ile........File:\n-00015270: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00015280: 653a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f e: Theme file fo\n-00015290: 726d 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 rmat, Next: Net\n-000152a0: 776f 726b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6e work, Prev: Con\n-000152b0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a figuration, Up:\n-000152c0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3720 5468 656d 6520 6669 Top..7 Theme fi\n-000152d0: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a le format.******\n-000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 *************..7\n-000152f0: 2e31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a .1 Introduction.\n-00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00015310: 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 ..The GRUB graph\n-00015320: 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7375 7070 6f72 ical menu suppor\n-00015330: 7473 2074 6865 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2063 ts themes that c\n-00015340: 616e 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 6865 an customize the\n-00015350: 206c 6179 6f75 740a 616e 6420 6170 7065 layout.and appe\n-00015360: 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 4752 arance of the GR\n-00015370: 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2054 UB boot menu. T\n-00015380: 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2069 7320 636f 6e66 he theme is conf\n-00015390: 6967 7572 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 igured through a\n-000153a0: 0a70 6c61 696e 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 .plain text file\n-000153b0: 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 that specifies \n-000153c0: 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 206f 6620 7468 the layout of th\n-000153d0: 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 4755 4920 636f e various GUI co\n-000153e0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a28 696e 636c 7564 mponents.(includ\n-000153f0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e ing the boot men\n-00015400: 752c 2074 696d 656f 7574 2070 726f 6772 u, timeout progr\n-00015410: 6573 7320 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2074 6578 ess bar, and tex\n-00015420: 7420 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2920 6173 0a77 t messages) as.w\n-00015430: 656c 6c20 6173 2074 6865 2061 7070 6561 ell as the appea\n-00015440: 7261 6e63 6520 7573 696e 6720 636f 6c6f rance using colo\n-00015450: 7273 2c20 666f 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2069 rs, fonts, and i\n-00015460: 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4578 616d 706c 6520 mages. Example \n-00015470: 6973 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 is.available in \n-00015480: 646f 6373 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 6865 docs/example_the\n-00015490: 6d65 2e74 7874 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 656d me.txt..7.2 Them\n-000154a0: 6520 456c 656d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d e Elements.=====\n-000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 =============..7\n-000154c0: 2e32 2e31 2043 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d 2d2d .2.1 Colors.----\n-000154d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f 7273 --------..Colors\n-000154e0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 can be specifie\n-000154f0: 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 d in several way\n-00015500: 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2048 544d 4c2d s:.. ... HTML-\n-00015510: 7374 796c 6520 2223 5252 4747 4242 2220 style \"#RRGGBB\" \n-00015520: 6f72 2022 2352 4742 2220 666f 726d 6174 or \"#RGB\" format\n-00015530: 2c20 7768 6572 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a , where *R*, *G*\n-00015540: 2c20 616e 6420 2a42 2a20 6172 650a 2020 , and *B* are. \n-00015550: 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 hexadecimal d\n-00015560: 6967 6974 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 igits (e.g., \"#8\n-00015570: 3839 3946 4622 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 899FF\"). ... a\n-00015580: 7320 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 s comma-separate\n-00015590: 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 7661 d decimal RGB va\n-000155a0: 6c75 6573 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2231 3238 lues (e.g., \"128\n-000155b0: 2c20 3132 382c 2032 3535 2229 0a20 2020 , 128, 255\"). \n-000155c0: e280 a220 7769 7468 2022 5356 4720 312e ... with \"SVG 1.\n-000155d0: 3020 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 0 color names\" (\n-000155e0: 652e 672e 2c20 2263 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 e.g., \"cornflowe\n-000155f0: 7262 6c75 6522 2920 7768 6963 6820 6d75 rblue\") which mu\n-00015600: 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 st be. speci\n-00015610: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 fied in lowercas\n-00015620: 652e 0a0a 372e 322e 3220 466f 6e74 730a e...7.2.2 Fonts.\n-00015630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 -----------..The\n-00015640: 2066 6f6e 7473 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 fonts GRUB uses\n-00015650: 2022 5046 4632 2066 6f6e 7420 666f 726d \"PFF2 font form\n-00015660: 6174 2220 6269 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 at\" bitmap fonts\n-00015670: 2e20 2046 6f6e 7473 2061 7265 0a73 7065 . Fonts are.spe\n-00015680: 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 6675 6c6c cified with full\n-00015690: 2066 6f6e 7420 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 4375 font names. Cu\n-000156a0: 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 rrently there is\n-000156b0: 206e 6f20 7072 6f76 6973 696f 6e20 666f no provision fo\n-000156c0: 7220 610a 7072 6566 6572 656e 6365 206c r a.preference l\n-000156d0: 6973 7420 6f66 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 ist of fonts, or\n-000156e0: 2064 6572 6976 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 666f deriving one fo\n-000156f0: 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 616e 6f74 6865 722e nt from another.\n-00015700: 2020 466f 6e74 7320 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 Fonts are.load\n-00015710: 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 226c 6f61 ed with the \"loa\n-00015720: 6466 6f6e 7422 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 dfont\" command i\n-00015730: 6e20 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f n GRUB (*note lo\n-00015740: 6164 666f 6e74 3a3a 292e 2020 546f 2073 adfont::). To s\n-00015750: 6565 0a74 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c ee.the list of l\n-00015760: 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732c 2065 7865 oaded fonts, exe\n-00015770: 6375 7465 2074 6865 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 cute the \"lsfont\n-00015780: 7322 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 s\" command (*not\n-00015790: 650a 6c73 666f 6e74 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 e.lsfonts::). I\n-000157a0: 6620 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 746f 6f20 f there are too \n-000157b0: 6d61 6e79 2066 6f6e 7473 2074 6f20 6669 many fonts to fi\n-000157c0: 7420 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 t on screen, do \n-000157d0: 2273 6574 0a70 6167 6572 3d31 2220 6265 \"set.pager=1\" be\n-000157e0: 666f 7265 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2022 fore executing \"\n-000157f0: 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 lsfonts\"...7.2.3\n-00015800: 2050 726f 6772 6573 7320 4261 720a 2d2d Progress Bar.--\n+000147b0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 ===..GRUB suppor\n+000147c0: 7473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 2063 ts embedding a c\n+000147d0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+000147e0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 e directly into \n+000147f0: 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 the core.image, \n+00014800: 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6c6f so that it is lo\n+00014810: 6164 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 656e 7465 aded before ente\n+00014820: 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 ring normal mode\n+00014830: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a75 7365 6675 . This is.usefu\n+00014840: 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 l, for example, \n+00014850: 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2073 when it is not s\n+00014860: 7472 6169 6768 7466 6f72 7761 7264 2074 traightforward t\n+00014870: 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c0a o find the real.\n+00014880: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00014890: 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 le, or when you \n+000148a0: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6275 6720 7072 need to debug pr\n+000148b0: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6c6f 6164 oblems with load\n+000148c0: 696e 6720 7468 6174 0a66 696c 652e 2020 ing that.file. \n+000148d0: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n+000148e0: 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6561 .. uses this fea\n+000148f0: 7475 7265 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2069 7320 ture when it is \n+00014900: 6e6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 2064 not using BIOS d\n+00014910: 6973 6b0a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 isk.functions or\n+00014920: 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 when installing\n+00014930: 2074 6f20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 to a different \n+00014940: 6469 736b 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e disk from the on\n+00014950: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0ae2 8098 e containing....\n+00014960: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992c 2069 /boot/grub..., i\n+00014970: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 n which case it \n+00014980: 6e65 6564 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 needs to use the\n+00014990: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f ...search... co\n+000149a0: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 mmand (*note.sea\n+000149b0: 7263 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 20e2 rch::) to find .\n+000149c0: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e ../boot/grub....\n+000149d0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 656d 6265 6420 6120 .. To embed a \n+000149e0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+000149f0: 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 982d le, use the ...-\n+00014a00: 63e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 c... option to .\n+00014a10: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 ..grub-mkimage..\n+00014a20: 992e 0a54 6865 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 ...The file is c\n+00014a30: 6f70 6965 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 opied into the c\n+00014a40: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 652c 2073 6f20 6974 ore image, so it\n+00014a50: 206d 6179 2072 6573 6964 6520 616e 7977 may reside anyw\n+00014a60: 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 here on the.file\n+00014a70: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2061 6e64 206d 6179 system, and may\n+00014a80: 2062 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 6420 6166 7465 be removed afte\n+00014a90: 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 r running ...gru\n+00014aa0: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 b-mkimage...... \n+00014ab0: 2020 4166 7465 7220 7468 6520 656d 6265 After the embe\n+00014ac0: 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 dded configurati\n+00014ad0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 2869 6620 616e 7929 on file (if any)\n+00014ae0: 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 4752 is executed, GR\n+00014af0: 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 UB will.load the\n+00014b00: 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f ...normal... mo\n+00014b10: 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d dule (*note norm\n+00014b20: 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c al::), which wil\n+00014b30: 6c20 7468 656e 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 l then read the \n+00014b40: 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 real.configurati\n+00014b50: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 on file from ...\n+00014b60: 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 $prefix/grub.cfg\n+00014b70: e280 992e 2020 4279 2074 6869 7320 706f .... By this po\n+00014b80: 696e 742c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 int, the ...root\n+00014b90: e280 990a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c ....variable wil\n+00014ba0: 6c20 616c 736f 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e l also have been\n+00014bb0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 set to the root\n+00014bc0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 device name. F\n+00014bd0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a e280 9870 or example,....p\n+00014be0: 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 refix... might b\n+00014bf0: 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 2868 6430 e set to ...(hd0\n+00014c00: 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 ,1)/boot/grub...\n+00014c10: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 , and ...root...\n+00014c20: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f might be set to\n+00014c30: 0ae2 8098 6864 302c 31e2 8099 2e20 2054 ....hd0,1.... T\n+00014c40: 6875 732c 2069 6e20 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 hus, in most cas\n+00014c50: 6573 2c20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 es, the embedded\n+00014c60: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00014c70: 696c 6520 6f6e 6c79 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 ile only.needs t\n+00014c80: 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 e280 9870 7265 o set the ...pre\n+00014c90: 6669 78e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 726f fix... and ...ro\n+00014ca0: 6f74 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c ot... variables,\n+00014cb0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6472 6f70 2074 and then drop t\n+00014cc0: 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6f0a 4752 5542 2773 hrough to.GRUB's\n+00014cd0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 normal processi\n+00014ce0: 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 7970 6963 616c 2065 ng. A typical e\n+00014cf0: 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6973 206d xample of this m\n+00014d00: 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 ight look like.t\n+00014d10: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 his:.. searc\n+00014d20: 682e 6673 5f75 7569 6420 3031 3233 3435 h.fs_uuid 012345\n+00014d30: 3637 2d38 3961 622d 6364 6566 2d30 3132 67-89ab-cdef-012\n+00014d40: 332d 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 2072 3-456789abcdef r\n+00014d50: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 oot. set pre\n+00014d60: 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 fix=($root)/boot\n+00014d70: 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 2854 6865 20e2 /grub.. (The .\n+00014d80: 8098 7365 6172 6368 5f66 735f 7575 6964 ..search_fs_uuid\n+00014d90: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 ... module must \n+00014da0: 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 be included in t\n+00014db0: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 666f he core image fo\n+00014dc0: 720a 7468 6973 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 r.this example t\n+00014dd0: 6f20 776f 726b 2e29 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 o work.).. In \n+00014de0: 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6173 more complex cas\n+00014df0: 6573 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 es, it may be us\n+00014e00: 6566 756c 2074 6f20 7265 6164 206f 7468 eful to read oth\n+00014e10: 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e er configuration\n+00014e20: 0a66 696c 6573 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 .files directly \n+00014e30: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 from the embedde\n+00014e40: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 d configuration \n+00014e50: 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f file. This allo\n+00014e60: 7773 2073 7563 680a 7468 696e 6773 2061 ws such.things a\n+00014e70: 7320 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 s reading files \n+00014e80: 6e6f 7420 6361 6c6c 6564 20e2 8098 6772 not called ...gr\n+00014e90: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 206f 7220 7265 ub.cfg..., or re\n+00014ea0: 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d ading files from\n+00014eb0: 2061 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 206f 7468 a.directory oth\n+00014ec0: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6174 2077 6865 er than that whe\n+00014ed0: 7265 2047 5255 4227 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 re GRUB's loadab\n+00014ee0: 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2069 le modules are i\n+00014ef0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 nstalled..To do \n+00014f00: 7468 6973 2c20 696e 636c 7564 6520 7468 this, include th\n+00014f10: 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 e ...configfile.\n+00014f20: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c .. and ...normal\n+00014f30: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 ... modules in t\n+00014f40: 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 652c 2061 he core.image, a\n+00014f50: 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 nd embed a confi\n+00014f60: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7468 guration file th\n+00014f70: 6174 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 e280 9863 at uses the ...c\n+00014f80: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d onfigfile... com\n+00014f90: 6d61 6e64 0a74 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f mand.to load ano\n+00014fa0: 7468 6572 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 6520 ther file. The \n+00014fb0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c following exampl\n+00014fc0: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 616c 736f 2072 e of this also r\n+00014fd0: 6571 7569 7265 7320 7468 650a e280 9865 equires the....e\n+00014fe0: 6368 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 cho..., ...searc\n+00014ff0: 685f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 h_label..., and \n+00015000: e280 9874 6573 74e2 8099 206d 6f64 756c ...test... modul\n+00015010: 6573 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 es to be include\n+00015020: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d d in the core.im\n+00015030: 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 age:.. searc\n+00015040: 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c 2067 7275 6220 h.fs_label grub \n+00015050: 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6966 205b 202d root. if [ -\n+00015060: 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 e /boot/grub/exa\n+00015070: 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 6667 205d mple/test1.cfg ]\n+00015080: 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ; then. \n+00015090: 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f set prefix=($roo\n+000150a0: 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 t)/boot/grub. \n+000150b0: 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 configfile\n+000150c0: 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d /boot/grub/exam\n+000150d0: 706c 652f 7465 7374 312e 6366 670a 2020 ple/test1.cfg. \n+000150e0: 2020 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 else. \n+000150f0: 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 if [ -e /boot/g\n+00015100: 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 rub/example/test\n+00015110: 322e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2.cfg ]; then. \n+00015120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 set p\n+00015130: 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f refix=($root)/bo\n+00015140: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot/grub. \n+00015150: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 configfile \n+00015160: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 /boot/grub/examp\n+00015170: 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 le/test2.cfg. \n+00015180: 2020 2020 2020 656c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 else. \n+00015190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f 2022 436f echo \"Co\n+000151a0: 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6669 6e64 2061 6e20 uld not find an \n+000151b0: 6578 616d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 example configur\n+000151c0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2122 0a20 2020 ation file!\". \n+000151d0: 2020 2020 2020 6669 0a20 2020 2020 6669 fi. fi\n+000151e0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 .. The embedde\n+000151f0: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 d configuration \n+00015200: 6669 6c65 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e file may not con\n+00015210: 7461 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 tain menu entrie\n+00015220: 730a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 s.directly, but \n+00015230: 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2072 6561 6420 7468 may only read th\n+00015240: 656d 2066 726f 6d20 656c 7365 7768 6572 em from elsewher\n+00015250: 6520 7573 696e 6720 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 e using ...confi\n+00015260: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c gfile........Fil\n+00015270: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00015280: 6f64 653a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 ode: Theme file \n+00015290: 666f 726d 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e format, Next: N\n+000152a0: 6574 776f 726b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 etwork, Prev: C\n+000152b0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 onfiguration, U\n+000152c0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3720 5468 656d 6520 p: Top..7 Theme \n+000152d0: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a file format.****\n+000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+000152f0: 0a37 2e31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f .7.1 Introductio\n+00015300: 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d n.==============\n+00015310: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2067 7261 ==..The GRUB gra\n+00015320: 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7375 7070 phical menu supp\n+00015330: 6f72 7473 2074 6865 6d65 7320 7468 6174 orts themes that\n+00015340: 2063 616e 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 can customize t\n+00015350: 6865 206c 6179 6f75 740a 616e 6420 6170 he layout.and ap\n+00015360: 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 pearance of the \n+00015370: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 GRUB boot menu. \n+00015380: 2054 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2069 7320 636f The theme is co\n+00015390: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 nfigured through\n+000153a0: 2061 0a70 6c61 696e 2074 6578 7420 6669 a.plain text fi\n+000153b0: 6c65 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 le that specifie\n+000153c0: 7320 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 206f 6620 s the layout of \n+000153d0: 7468 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 4755 4920 the various GUI \n+000153e0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a28 696e 636c components.(incl\n+000153f0: 7564 696e 6720 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d uding the boot m\n+00015400: 656e 752c 2074 696d 656f 7574 2070 726f enu, timeout pro\n+00015410: 6772 6573 7320 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2074 gress bar, and t\n+00015420: 6578 7420 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2920 6173 ext messages) as\n+00015430: 0a77 656c 6c20 6173 2074 6865 2061 7070 .well as the app\n+00015440: 6561 7261 6e63 6520 7573 696e 6720 636f earance using co\n+00015450: 6c6f 7273 2c20 666f 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 lors, fonts, and\n+00015460: 2069 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4578 616d 706c images. Exampl\n+00015470: 6520 6973 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 e is.available i\n+00015480: 6e20 646f 6373 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 n docs/example_t\n+00015490: 6865 6d65 2e74 7874 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 heme.txt..7.2 Th\n+000154a0: 656d 6520 456c 656d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d eme Elements.===\n+000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000154c0: 0a37 2e32 2e31 2043 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d .7.2.1 Colors.--\n+000154d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f ----------..Colo\n+000154e0: 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 rs can be specif\n+000154f0: 6965 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 ied in several w\n+00015500: 6179 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2048 544d ays:.. ... HTM\n+00015510: 4c2d 7374 796c 6520 2223 5252 4747 4242 L-style \"#RRGGBB\n+00015520: 2220 6f72 2022 2352 4742 2220 666f 726d \" or \"#RGB\" form\n+00015530: 6174 2c20 7768 6572 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a at, where *R*, *\n+00015540: 472a 2c20 616e 6420 2a42 2a20 6172 650a G*, and *B* are.\n+00015550: 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c hexadecimal\n+00015560: 2064 6967 6974 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 digits (e.g., \"\n+00015570: 2338 3839 3946 4622 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 #8899FF\"). ...\n+00015580: 2061 7320 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 as comma-separa\n+00015590: 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 ted decimal RGB \n+000155a0: 7661 6c75 6573 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2231 values (e.g., \"1\n+000155b0: 3238 2c20 3132 382c 2032 3535 2229 0a20 28, 128, 255\"). \n+000155c0: 2020 e280 a220 7769 7468 2022 5356 4720 ... with \"SVG \n+000155d0: 312e 3020 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 7322 1.0 color names\"\n+000155e0: 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2263 6f72 6e66 6c6f (e.g., \"cornflo\n+000155f0: 7765 7262 6c75 6522 2920 7768 6963 6820 werblue\") which \n+00015600: 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 must be. spe\n+00015610: 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6c6f 7765 7263 cified in lowerc\n+00015620: 6173 652e 0a0a 372e 322e 3220 466f 6e74 ase...7.2.2 Font\n+00015630: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 s.-----------..T\n+00015640: 6865 2066 6f6e 7473 2047 5255 4220 7573 he fonts GRUB us\n+00015650: 6573 2022 5046 4632 2066 6f6e 7420 666f es \"PFF2 font fo\n+00015660: 726d 6174 2220 6269 746d 6170 2066 6f6e rmat\" bitmap fon\n+00015670: 7473 2e20 2046 6f6e 7473 2061 7265 0a73 ts. Fonts are.s\n+00015680: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 6675 pecified with fu\n+00015690: 6c6c 2066 6f6e 7420 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 ll font names. \n+000156a0: 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 6572 6520 Currently there \n+000156b0: 6973 206e 6f20 7072 6f76 6973 696f 6e20 is no provision \n+000156c0: 666f 7220 610a 7072 6566 6572 656e 6365 for a.preference\n+000156d0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 list of fonts, \n+000156e0: 6f72 2064 6572 6976 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 or deriving one \n+000156f0: 666f 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 616e 6f74 6865 font from anothe\n+00015700: 722e 2020 466f 6e74 7320 6172 650a 6c6f r. Fonts are.lo\n+00015710: 6164 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 226c aded with the \"l\n+00015720: 6f61 6466 6f6e 7422 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 oadfont\" command\n+00015730: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 in GRUB (*note \n+00015740: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 3a3a 292e 2020 546f loadfont::). To\n+00015750: 2073 6565 0a74 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 see.the list of\n+00015760: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732c 2065 loaded fonts, e\n+00015770: 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2022 6c73 666f xecute the \"lsfo\n+00015780: 6e74 7322 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e nts\" command (*n\n+00015790: 6f74 650a 6c73 666f 6e74 733a 3a29 2e20 ote.lsfonts::). \n+000157a0: 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 746f If there are to\n+000157b0: 6f20 6d61 6e79 2066 6f6e 7473 2074 6f20 o many fonts to \n+000157c0: 6669 7420 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2064 fit on screen, d\n+000157d0: 6f20 2273 6574 0a70 6167 6572 3d31 2220 o \"set.pager=1\" \n+000157e0: 6265 666f 7265 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 before executing\n+000157f0: 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2e0a 0a37 2e32 \"lsfonts\"...7.2\n+00015800: 2e33 2050 726f 6772 6573 7320 4261 720a .3 Progress Bar.\n 00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00015820: 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 2e31 0a46 6967 ..Figure 7.1.Fig\n-00015830: 7572 6520 372e 320a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 ure 7.2.Progress\n-00015840: 2062 6172 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 bars are used t\n-00015850: 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 o display the re\n-00015860: 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 maining time bef\n-00015870: 6f72 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 ore GRUB boots.t\n-00015880: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 he default menu \n-00015890: 656e 7472 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 entry. To creat\n-000158a0: 6520 6120 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 e a progress bar\n-000158b0: 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c that will displ\n-000158c0: 6179 2074 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 ay the.remaining\n-000158d0: 2074 696d 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 time before aut\n-000158e0: 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d omatic boot, sim\n-000158f0: 706c 7920 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 ply create a \"pr\n-00015900: 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 ogress_bar\".comp\n-00015910: 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 onent with the i\n-00015920: 6420 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e d \"__timeout__\".\n-00015930: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 This indicates\n-00015940: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 to GRUB that th\n-00015950: 650a 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 e.progress bar s\n-00015960: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 hould be updated\n-00015970: 2061 7320 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c as time passes,\n-00015980: 2061 6e64 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 and it should b\n-00015990: 6520 6d61 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 e made.invisible\n-000159a0: 2069 6620 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 if the countdow\n-000159b0: 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 n to automatic b\n-000159c0: 6f6f 7420 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 oot is interrupt\n-000159d0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a ed by the user..\n-000159e0: 0a20 2020 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 . Progress bar\n-000159f0: 7320 6d61 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 s may optionally\n-00015a00: 2068 6176 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c have text displ\n-00015a10: 6179 6564 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 ayed on them. T\n-00015a20: 6869 7320 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 his text.is cont\n-00015a30: 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 rolled by variab\n-00015a40: 6c65 2022 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 le \"text\" which \n-00015a50: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 contains a print\n-00015a60: 6620 7465 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a f template with.\n-00015a70: 7468 6520 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e the only argumen\n-00015a80: 7420 2564 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 t %d is the numb\n-00015a90: 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 er of seconds re\n-00015aa0: 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 maining. Additi\n-00015ab0: 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 onally.special v\n-00015ac0: 616c 7565 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f alues \"@TIMEOUT_\n-00015ad0: 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f NOTIFICATION_SHO\n-00015ae0: 5254 4022 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f RT@\",.\"@TIMEOUT_\n-00015af0: 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 NOTIFICATION_MID\n-00015b00: 444c 4540 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 DLE@\", \"@TIMEOUT\n-00015b10: 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f _NOTIFICATION_LO\n-00015b20: 4e47 4022 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 NG@\" are.replace\n-00015b30: 6420 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 d with standard \n-00015b40: 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 and translated t\n-00015b50: 656d 706c 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 emplates...7.2.4\n-00015b60: 2043 6972 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 Circular Progre\n-00015b70: 7373 2049 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d ss Indicator.---\n+00015820: 2d2d 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 2e31 0a46 --..Figure 7.1.F\n+00015830: 6967 7572 6520 372e 320a 5072 6f67 7265 igure 7.2.Progre\n+00015840: 7373 2062 6172 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 ss bars are used\n+00015850: 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 to display the \n+00015860: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 remaining time b\n+00015870: 6566 6f72 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 efore GRUB boots\n+00015880: 0a74 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e .the default men\n+00015890: 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 u entry. To cre\n+000158a0: 6174 6520 6120 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 ate a progress b\n+000158b0: 6172 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 ar that will dis\n+000158c0: 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 play the.remaini\n+000158d0: 6e67 2074 696d 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 ng time before a\n+000158e0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 utomatic boot, s\n+000158f0: 696d 706c 7920 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 imply create a \"\n+00015900: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f progress_bar\".co\n+00015910: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 mponent with the\n+00015920: 2069 6420 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f id \"__timeout__\n+00015930: 222e 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 \". This indicat\n+00015940: 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 es to GRUB that \n+00015950: 7468 650a 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 the.progress bar\n+00015960: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 should be updat\n+00015970: 6564 2061 7320 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 ed as time passe\n+00015980: 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 s, and it should\n+00015990: 2062 6520 6d61 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 be made.invisib\n+000159a0: 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 le if the countd\n+000159b0: 6f77 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 own to automatic\n+000159c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 boot is interru\n+000159d0: 7074 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 pted by the user\n+000159e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 ... Progress b\n+000159f0: 6172 7320 6d61 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c ars may optional\n+00015a00: 6c79 2068 6176 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 ly have text dis\n+00015a10: 706c 6179 6564 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 played on them. \n+00015a20: 2054 6869 7320 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f This text.is co\n+00015a30: 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 ntrolled by vari\n+00015a40: 6162 6c65 2022 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 able \"text\" whic\n+00015a50: 6820 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 h contains a pri\n+00015a60: 6e74 6620 7465 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 ntf template wit\n+00015a70: 680a 7468 6520 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d h.the only argum\n+00015a80: 656e 7420 2564 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 ent %d is the nu\n+00015a90: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 mber of seconds \n+00015aa0: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 remaining. Addi\n+00015ab0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c tionally.special\n+00015ac0: 2076 616c 7565 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 values \"@TIMEOU\n+00015ad0: 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 T_NOTIFICATION_S\n+00015ae0: 484f 5254 4022 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 HORT@\",.\"@TIMEOU\n+00015af0: 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d T_NOTIFICATION_M\n+00015b00: 4944 444c 4540 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f IDDLE@\", \"@TIMEO\n+00015b10: 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f UT_NOTIFICATION_\n+00015b20: 4c4f 4e47 4022 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 LONG@\" are.repla\n+00015b30: 6365 6420 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 ced with standar\n+00015b40: 6420 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 d and translated\n+00015b50: 2074 656d 706c 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 templates...7.2\n+00015b60: 2e34 2043 6972 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 .4 Circular Prog\n+00015b70: 7265 7373 2049 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d ress Indicator.-\n 00015b80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00015ba0: 5468 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 2070 726f The circular pro\n-00015bb0: 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 7220 gress indicator \n-00015bc0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 functions simila\n-00015bd0: 726c 7920 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 rly to the progr\n-00015be0: 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 ess bar..When gi\n-00015bf0: 7665 6e20 616e 2069 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f ven an id of \"__\n-00015c00: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 timeout__\", GRUB\n-00015c10: 2075 7064 6174 6573 2074 6865 2063 6972 updates the cir\n-00015c20: 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 cular progress.i\n-00015c30: 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2773 2076 616c 7565 ndicator's value\n-00015c40: 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6865 to indicate the\n-00015c50: 2074 696d 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e time remaining.\n-00015c60: 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6369 7263 756c For the circul\n-00015c70: 6172 0a70 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 ar.progress indi\n-00015c80: 6361 746f 722c 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 cator, there are\n-00015c90: 2074 776f 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7573 6564 two images used\n-00015ca0: 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 2069 743a 2074 to render it: t\n-00015cb0: 6865 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a0a 696d 6167 he *center*.imag\n-00015cc0: 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b e, and the *tick\n-00015cd0: 2a20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 * image. 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This is usefu\n-00015ed0: 6c20 696e 2063 6173 6520 796f 7520 7761 l in case you wa\n-00015ee0: 6e74 2074 6865 0a74 6578 7420 6469 7370 nt the.text disp\n-00015ef0: 6c61 7965 6420 736f 6d65 7768 6572 6520 layed somewhere \n-00015f00: 656c 7365 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 else instead of \n-00015f10: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 6520 directly on the \n-00015f20: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e0a 0a37 progress bar...7\n-00015f30: 2e32 2e36 2042 6f6f 7420 4d65 6e75 0a2d .2.6 Boot Menu.-\n-00015f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00015f50: 5468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 7768 The boot menu wh\n-00015f60: 6572 6520 4752 5542 2064 6973 706c 6179 ere GRUB display\n-00015f70: 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 s the menu entri\n-00015f80: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 2267 7275 es from the \"gru\n-00015f90: 622e 6366 6722 0a66 696c 652e 2020 4974 b.cfg\".file. It\n-00015fa0: 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6974 is a list of it\n-00015fb0: 656d 732c 2077 6865 7265 2065 6163 6820 ems, where each \n-00015fc0: 6974 656d 2068 6173 2061 2074 6974 6c65 item has a title\n-00015fd0: 2061 6e64 2061 6e0a 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c and an.optional\n-00015fe0: 2069 636f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 6963 6f6e icon. The icon\n-00015ff0: 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2062 6173 is selected bas\n-00016000: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 2a63 6c61 7373 ed on the *class\n-00016010: 6573 2a20 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 666f es* specified.fo\n-00016020: 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 r the menu entry\n-00016030: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 . If there is a\n-00016040: 2050 4e47 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 PNG file named \n-00016050: 226d 7963 6c61 7373 2e70 6e67 2220 696e \"myclass.png\" in\n-00016060: 2074 6865 0a22 6772 7562 2f74 6865 6d65 the.\"grub/theme\n-00016070: 732f 6963 6f6e 7322 2064 6972 6563 746f s/icons\" directo\n-00016080: 7279 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 ry, it will be d\n-00016090: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2066 6f72 2069 7465 isplayed for ite\n-000160a0: 6d73 2077 6869 6368 2068 6176 650a 7468 ms which have.th\n-000160b0: 6520 636c 6173 7320 2a6d 7963 6c61 7373 e class *myclass\n-000160c0: 2a2e 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e *. The boot men\n-000160d0: 7520 6361 6e20 6265 2063 7573 746f 6d69 u can be customi\n-000160e0: 7a65 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 zed in several w\n-000160f0: 6179 732c 0a73 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 ays,.such as the\n-00016100: 2066 6f6e 7420 616e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 font and color \n-00016110: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e used for the men\n-00016120: 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 652c 2061 u entry title, a\n-00016130: 6e64 2062 790a 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 nd by.specifying\n-00016140: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 666f styled boxes fo\n-00016150: 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7473 656c r the menu itsel\n-00016160: 6620 616e 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 f and for the se\n-00016170: 6c65 6374 6564 2069 7465 6d0a 6869 6768 lected item.high\n-00016180: 6c69 6768 742e 0a0a 372e 322e 3720 5374 light...7.2.7 St\n-00016190: 796c 6564 2042 6f78 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d yled Boxes.-----\n-000161a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f -------------..O\n-000161b0: 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 ne of the most i\n-000161c0: 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2066 6561 7475 7265 mportant feature\n-000161d0: 7320 666f 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 696e s for customizin\n-000161e0: 6720 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 2069 7320 g the layout is \n-000161f0: 7468 6520 7573 650a 6f66 202a 7374 796c the use.of *styl\n-00016200: 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2a2e 2020 4120 7374 ed boxes*. A st\n-00016210: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 636f 6d70 yled box is comp\n-00016220: 6f73 6564 206f 6620 3920 7265 6374 616e osed of 9 rectan\n-00016230: 6775 6c61 7220 2861 6e64 0a70 6f74 656e gular (and.poten\n-00016240: 7469 616c 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2920 7265 tially empty) re\n-00016250: 6769 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 7265 gions, which are\n-00016260: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 6561 6d6c 6573 used to seamles\n-00016270: 736c 7920 6472 6177 2074 6865 2073 7479 sly draw the sty\n-00016280: 6c65 640a 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 led.box on scree\n-00016290: 6e3a 0a0a 4e6f 7274 6877 6573 7420 286e n:..Northwest (n\n-000162a0: 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f72 7468 w) North\n-000162b0: 2028 6e29 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (n) \n-000162c0: 2020 4e6f 7274 6865 6173 7420 286e 6529 Northeast (ne)\n-000162d0: 0a57 6573 7420 2877 2920 2020 2020 2020 .West (w) \n-000162e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4365 6e74 6572 2028 Center (\n-000162f0: 6329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 c) E\n-00016300: 6173 7420 2865 290a 536f 7574 6877 6573 ast (e).Southwes\n-00016310: 7420 2873 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 t (sw) S\n-00016320: 6f75 7468 2028 7329 2020 2020 2020 2020 outh (s) \n-00016330: 2020 2020 2020 536f 7574 6865 6173 7420 Southeast \n-00016340: 2873 6529 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7375 7070 (se).. To supp\n-00016350: 6f72 7420 616e 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 ort any size of \n-00016360: 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2074 box on screen, t\n-00016370: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 he center slice \n-00016380: 616e 6420 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 0a66 and the slices.f\n-00016390: 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2c20 626f 7474 or the top, bott\n-000163a0: 6f6d 2c20 616e 6420 7369 6465 7320 6172 om, and sides ar\n-000163b0: 6520 616c 6c20 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 e all scaled to \n-000163c0: 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 7a65 the correct size\n-000163d0: 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 for.the compone\n-000163e0: 6e74 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 7573 nt on screen, us\n-000163f0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e ing the followin\n-00016400: 6720 7275 6c65 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2054 g rules:.. 1. T\n-00016410: 6865 2065 6467 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 he edge slices (\n-00016420: 6e6f 7274 682c 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 north, south, ea\n-00016430: 7374 2c20 616e 6420 7765 7374 2920 6172 st, and west) ar\n-00016440: 6520 7363 616c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a e scaled in the.\n-00016450: 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 206f direction o\n-00016460: 6620 7468 6520 6564 6765 2074 6865 7920 f the edge they \n-00016470: 6172 6520 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e are adjacent to.\n-00016480: 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 For instance, \n-00016490: 7468 6520 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 736c the west. sl\n-000164a0: 6963 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 7665 ice is scaled ve\n-000164b0: 7274 6963 616c 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 rtically.. 2. T\n-000164c0: 6865 2063 6f72 6e65 7220 736c 6963 6573 he corner slices\n-000164d0: 2028 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 742c 206e 6f72 (northwest, nor\n-000164e0: 7468 6561 7374 2c20 736f 7574 6865 6173 theast, southeas\n-000164f0: 742c 2061 6e64 2073 6f75 7468 7765 7374 t, and southwest\n-00016500: 290a 2020 2020 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 ). are not s\n-00016510: 6361 6c65 642e 0a20 2033 2e20 5468 6520 caled.. 3. The \n-00016520: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2069 7320 center slice is \n-00016530: 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2074 scaled to fill t\n-00016540: 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 he remaining spa\n-00016550: 6365 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d ce in the. m\n-00016560: 6964 646c 652e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 616e iddle... 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For the circ\n+00015c70: 756c 6172 0a70 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e ular.progress in\n+00015c80: 6469 6361 746f 722c 2074 6865 7265 2061 dicator, there a\n+00015c90: 7265 2074 776f 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7573 re two images us\n+00015ca0: 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 2069 743a ed to render it:\n+00015cb0: 2074 6865 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a0a 696d the *center*.im\n+00015cc0: 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 age, and the *ti\n+00015cd0: 636b 2a20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 ck* image. The \n+00015ce0: 6365 6e74 6572 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 center image is \n+00015cf0: 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 rendered in the \n+00015d00: 6365 6e74 6572 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 636f center.of the co\n+00015d10: 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 mponent, while t\n+00015d20: 6865 2074 6963 6b20 696d 6167 6520 6973 he tick image is\n+00015d30: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2072 656e 6465 7220 used to render \n+00015d40: 6561 6368 206d 6172 6b20 616c 6f6e 670a each mark along.\n+00015d50: 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 the circumferenc\n+00015d60: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6e64 6963 6174 e of the indicat\n+00015d70: 6f72 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e35 204c 6162 656c or...7.2.5 Label\n+00015d80: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a s.------------..\n+00015d90: 5465 7874 206c 6162 656c 7320 6361 6e20 Text labels can \n+00015da0: 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 be placed on the\n+00015db0: 2062 6f6f 7420 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2054 boot screen. 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The boot m\n+000160d0: 656e 7520 6361 6e20 6265 2063 7573 746f enu can be custo\n+000160e0: 6d69 7a65 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c mized in several\n+000160f0: 2077 6179 732c 0a73 7563 6820 6173 2074 ways,.such as t\n+00016100: 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 616e 6420 636f 6c6f he font and colo\n+00016110: 7220 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d r used for the m\n+00016120: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 652c enu entry title,\n+00016130: 2061 6e64 2062 790a 7370 6563 6966 7969 and by.specifyi\n+00016140: 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 ng styled boxes \n+00016150: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7473 for the menu its\n+00016160: 656c 6620 616e 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 elf and for the \n+00016170: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 7465 6d0a 6869 selected item.hi\n+00016180: 6768 6c69 6768 742e 0a0a 372e 322e 3720 ghlight...7.2.7 \n+00016190: 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 6573 0a2d 2d2d Styled Boxes.---\n+000161a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000161b0: 0a4f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 .One of the most\n+000161c0: 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2066 6561 7475 important featu\n+000161d0: 7265 7320 666f 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a res for customiz\n+000161e0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 2069 ing the layout i\n+000161f0: 7320 7468 6520 7573 650a 6f66 202a 7374 s the use.of *st\n+00016200: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2a2e 2020 4120 yled boxes*. A \n+00016210: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 636f styled box is co\n+00016220: 6d70 6f73 6564 206f 6620 3920 7265 6374 mposed of 9 rect\n+00016230: 616e 6775 6c61 7220 2861 6e64 0a70 6f74 angular (and.pot\n+00016240: 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2920 entially empty) \n+00016250: 7265 6769 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 regions, which a\n+00016260: 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 6561 6d6c re used to seaml\n+00016270: 6573 736c 7920 6472 6177 2074 6865 2073 essly draw the s\n+00016280: 7479 6c65 640a 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 tyled.box on scr\n+00016290: 6565 6e3a 0a0a 4e6f 7274 6877 6573 7420 een:..Northwest \n+000162a0: 286e 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f72 (nw) Nor\n+000162b0: 7468 2028 6e29 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 th (n) \n+000162c0: 2020 2020 4e6f 7274 6865 6173 7420 286e Northeast (n\n+000162d0: 6529 0a57 6573 7420 2877 2920 2020 2020 e).West (w) \n+000162e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4365 6e74 6572 Center\n+000162f0: 2028 6329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (c) \n+00016300: 2045 6173 7420 2865 290a 536f 7574 6877 East (e).Southw\n+00016310: 6573 7420 2873 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 est (sw) \n+00016320: 2053 6f75 7468 2028 7329 2020 2020 2020 South (s) \n+00016330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f 7574 6865 6173 Southeas\n+00016340: 7420 2873 6529 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7375 t (se).. To su\n+00016350: 7070 6f72 7420 616e 7920 7369 7a65 206f pport any size o\n+00016360: 6620 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c f box on screen,\n+00016370: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n+00016380: 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 e and the slices\n+00016390: 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2c20 626f .for the top, bo\n+000163a0: 7474 6f6d 2c20 616e 6420 7369 6465 7320 ttom, and sides \n+000163b0: 6172 6520 616c 6c20 7363 616c 6564 2074 are all scaled t\n+000163c0: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 o the correct si\n+000163d0: 7a65 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 706f ze for.the compo\n+000163e0: 6e65 6e74 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 nent on screen, \n+000163f0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 using the follow\n+00016400: 696e 6720 7275 6c65 733a 0a0a 2020 312e ing rules:.. 1.\n+00016410: 2054 6865 2065 6467 6520 736c 6963 6573 The edge slices\n+00016420: 2028 6e6f 7274 682c 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 (north, south, \n+00016430: 6561 7374 2c20 616e 6420 7765 7374 2920 east, and west) \n+00016440: 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 are scaled in th\n+00016450: 650a 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e e. direction\n+00016460: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6564 6765 2074 6865 of the edge the\n+00016470: 7920 6172 6520 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 y are adjacent t\n+00016480: 6f2e 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 o. For instance\n+00016490: 2c20 7468 6520 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 , the west. \n+000164a0: 736c 6963 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 slice is scaled \n+000164b0: 7665 7274 6963 616c 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e vertically.. 2.\n+000164c0: 2054 6865 2063 6f72 6e65 7220 736c 6963 The corner slic\n+000164d0: 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 742c 206e es (northwest, n\n+000164e0: 6f72 7468 6561 7374 2c20 736f 7574 6865 ortheast, southe\n+000164f0: 6173 742c 2061 6e64 2073 6f75 7468 7765 ast, and southwe\n+00016500: 7374 290a 2020 2020 2061 7265 206e 6f74 st). are not\n+00016510: 2073 6361 6c65 642e 0a20 2033 2e20 5468 scaled.. 3. Th\n+00016520: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2069 e center slice i\n+00016530: 7320 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c s scaled to fill\n+00016540: 2074 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 the remaining s\n+00016550: 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 pace in the. \n+00016560: 206d 6964 646c 652e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 middle... As \n+00016570: 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 686f an example of ho\n+00016580: 7720 616e 2069 6d61 6765 206d 6967 6874 w an image might\n+00016590: 2062 6520 736c 6963 6564 2075 702c 2063 be sliced up, c\n+000165a0: 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 7468 6520 7374 796c onsider the styl\n+000165b0: 6564 0a62 6f78 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 ed.box used for \n+000165c0: 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2076 6965 772e a terminal view.\n+000165d0: 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 2e33 0a37 2e32 ..Figure 7.3.7.2\n+000165e0: 2e38 2043 7265 6174 696e 6720 5374 796c .8 Creating Styl\n+000165f0: 6564 2042 6f78 2049 6d61 6765 730a 2d2d ed Box Images.--\n 00016600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00016610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n-00016620: 6520 496e 6b73 6361 7065 5f20 7363 616c e Inkscape_ scal\n-00016630: 6162 6c65 2076 6563 746f 7220 6772 6170 able vector grap\n-00016640: 6869 6373 2065 6469 746f 7220 6973 2061 hics editor is a\n-00016650: 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f6f very useful too\n-00016660: 6c20 666f 720a 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2073 l for.creating s\n-00016670: 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 696d 6167 6573 tyled box images\n-00016680: 2e20 204f 6e65 2070 726f 6365 7373 2074 . One process t\n-00016690: 6861 7420 776f 726b 7320 7765 6c6c 2066 hat works well f\n-000166a0: 6f72 2073 6c69 6369 6e67 2061 0a64 7261 or slicing a.dra\n-000166b0: 7769 6e67 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 wing into the ne\n-000166c0: 6365 7373 6172 7920 696d 6167 6520 736c cessary image sl\n-000166d0: 6963 6573 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2043 ices is:.. 1. C\n-000166e0: 7265 6174 6520 6f72 206f 7065 6e20 7468 reate or open th\n-000166f0: 6520 6472 6177 696e 6720 796f 7527 6420 e drawing you'd \n-00016700: 6c69 6b65 2075 7365 2e0a 2020 322e 2043 like use.. 2. C\n-00016710: 7265 6174 6520 6120 6e65 7720 6c61 7965 reate a new laye\n-00016720: 7220 6f6e 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206f 6620 r on the top of \n-00016730: 7468 6520 6c61 7965 7220 7374 6163 6b2e the layer stack.\n-00016740: 2020 4d61 6b65 2069 7420 7669 7369 626c Make it visibl\n-00016750: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 e.. Select t\n-00016760: 6869 7320 6c61 7965 7220 6173 2074 6865 his layer as the\n-00016770: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c 6179 6572 2e0a current layer..\n-00016780: 2020 332e 2044 7261 7720 3920 7265 6374 3. Draw 9 rect\n-00016790: 616e 676c 6573 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2064 angles on your d\n-000167a0: 7261 7769 6e67 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 rawing where you\n-000167b0: 2764 206c 696b 6520 7468 6520 736c 6963 'd like the slic\n-000167c0: 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2062 652e 2020 es to. be. \n-000167d0: 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 6669 6c6c 206f Clear the fill o\n-000167e0: 7074 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 ption, and set t\n-000167f0: 6865 2073 7472 6f6b 6520 746f 2031 2070 he stroke to 1 p\n-00016800: 6978 656c 2077 6964 650a 2020 2020 2073 ixel wide. s\n-00016810: 6f6c 6964 2073 7472 6f6b 652e 2020 5468 olid stroke. Th\n-00016820: 6520 636f 726e 6572 7320 6f66 2074 6865 e corners of the\n-00016830: 2073 6c69 6365 7320 6d75 7374 206d 6565 slices must mee\n-00016840: 7420 7072 6563 6973 656c 793b 2069 6620 t precisely; if \n-00016850: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f 6666 2062 it. is off b\n-00016860: 7920 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 6978 656c y a single pixel\n-00016870: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 , it will probab\n-00016880: 6c79 2062 6520 6576 6964 656e 7420 7768 ly be evident wh\n-00016890: 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7374 796c en the. styl\n-000168a0: 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 7265 6e64 6572 ed box is render\n-000168b0: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d ed in the GRUB m\n-000168c0: 656e 752e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 enu. You should\n-000168d0: 2070 726f 6261 626c 7920 676f 2074 6f0a probably go to.\n-000168e0: 2020 2020 2046 696c 6520 7c20 446f 6375 File | Docu\n-000168f0: 6d65 6e74 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 ment Properties \n-00016900: 7c20 4772 6964 7320 616e 6420 656e 6162 | Grids and enab\n-00016910: 6c65 2061 2067 7269 6420 6f72 2063 7265 le a grid or cre\n-00016920: 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 2067 7569 6465 ate a. guide\n-00016930: 2028 636c 6963 6b20 6f6e 206f 6e65 206f (click on one o\n-00016940: 6620 7468 6520 7275 6c65 7273 206e 6578 f the rulers nex\n-00016950: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2064 7261 7769 6e67 t to the drawing\n-00016960: 2061 6e64 2064 7261 6720 6f76 6572 0a20 and drag over. \n-00016970: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 673b the drawing;\n-00016980: 2072 656c 6561 7365 2074 6865 206d 6f75 release the mou\n-00016990: 7365 2062 7574 746f 6e20 746f 2070 6c61 se button to pla\n-000169a0: 6365 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 2920 746f ce the guide) to\n-000169b0: 2068 656c 700a 2020 2020 2070 6c61 6365 help. place\n-000169c0: 2074 6865 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 7320 the rectangles \n-000169d0: 7072 6563 6973 656c 792e 0a20 2034 2e20 precisely.. 4. \n-000169e0: 5269 6768 7420 636c 6963 6b20 6f6e 2074 Right click on t\n-000169f0: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 he center slice \n-00016a00: 7265 6374 616e 676c 6520 616e 6420 6368 rectangle and ch\n-00016a10: 6f6f 7365 204f 626a 6563 740a 2020 2020 oose Object. \n-00016a20: 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 732e 2020 4368 Properties. 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Save \n-00016b00: 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 672e 0a20 2036 the drawing.. 6\n-00016b10: 2e20 5365 6c65 6374 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 . Select all the\n-00016b20: 2073 6c69 6365 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 slice rectangle\n-00016b30: 732e 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 2073 6c69 s. With the sli\n-00016b40: 6365 206c 6179 6572 2073 656c 6563 7465 ce layer selecte\n-00016b50: 642c 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7520 6361 6e20 d,. you can \n-00016b60: 7369 6d70 6c79 2070 7265 7373 2043 7472 simply press Ctr\n-00016b70: 6c2b 4120 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 616c l+A to select al\n-00016b80: 6c20 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2e20 2054 l rectangles. T\n-00016b90: 6865 2073 7461 7475 730a 2020 2020 2062 he status. b\n-00016ba0: 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 696e 6469 6361 ar should indica\n-00016bb0: 7465 2074 6861 7420 3920 7265 6374 616e te that 9 rectan\n-00016bc0: 676c 6573 2061 7265 2073 656c 6563 7465 gles are selecte\n-00016bd0: 642e 0a20 2037 2e20 436c 6963 6b20 7468 d.. 7. 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One process\n+00016690: 2074 6861 7420 776f 726b 7320 7765 6c6c that works well\n+000166a0: 2066 6f72 2073 6c69 6369 6e67 2061 0a64 for slicing a.d\n+000166b0: 7261 7769 6e67 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 rawing into the \n+000166c0: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 696d 6167 6520 necessary image \n+000166d0: 736c 6963 6573 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 312e slices is:.. 1.\n+000166e0: 2043 7265 6174 6520 6f72 206f 7065 6e20 Create or open \n+000166f0: 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 6720 796f 7527 the drawing you'\n+00016700: 6420 6c69 6b65 2075 7365 2e0a 2020 322e d like use.. 2.\n+00016710: 2043 7265 6174 6520 6120 6e65 7720 6c61 Create a new la\n+00016720: 7965 7220 6f6e 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206f yer on the top o\n+00016730: 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7965 7220 7374 6163 f the layer stac\n+00016740: 6b2e 2020 4d61 6b65 2069 7420 7669 7369 k. Make it visi\n+00016750: 626c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 ble.. Select\n+00016760: 2074 6869 7320 6c61 7965 7220 6173 2074 this layer as t\n+00016770: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c 6179 6572 he current layer\n+00016780: 2e0a 2020 332e 2044 7261 7720 3920 7265 .. 3. Draw 9 re\n+00016790: 6374 616e 676c 6573 206f 6e20 796f 7572 ctangles on your\n+000167a0: 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2077 6865 7265 2079 drawing where y\n+000167b0: 6f75 2764 206c 696b 6520 7468 6520 736c ou'd like the sl\n+000167c0: 6963 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2062 652e ices to. be.\n+000167d0: 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 6669 6c6c Clear the fill\n+000167e0: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 option, and set\n+000167f0: 2074 6865 2073 7472 6f6b 6520 746f 2031 the stroke to 1\n+00016800: 2070 6978 656c 2077 6964 650a 2020 2020 pixel wide. \n+00016810: 2073 6f6c 6964 2073 7472 6f6b 652e 2020 solid stroke. \n+00016820: 5468 6520 636f 726e 6572 7320 6f66 2074 The corners of t\n+00016830: 6865 2073 6c69 6365 7320 6d75 7374 206d he slices must m\n+00016840: 6565 7420 7072 6563 6973 656c 793b 2069 eet precisely; i\n+00016850: 6620 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f 6666 f it. is off\n+00016860: 2062 7920 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 6978 by a single pix\n+00016870: 656c 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 el, it will prob\n+00016880: 6162 6c79 2062 6520 6576 6964 656e 7420 ably be evident \n+00016890: 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7374 when the. st\n+000168a0: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 7265 6e64 yled box is rend\n+000168b0: 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 ered in the GRUB\n+000168c0: 206d 656e 752e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 menu. You shou\n+000168d0: 6c64 2070 726f 6261 626c 7920 676f 2074 ld probably go t\n+000168e0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2046 696c 6520 7c20 446f o. File | Do\n+000168f0: 6375 6d65 6e74 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 cument Propertie\n+00016900: 7320 7c20 4772 6964 7320 616e 6420 656e s | Grids and en\n+00016910: 6162 6c65 2061 2067 7269 6420 6f72 2063 able a grid or c\n+00016920: 7265 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 2067 7569 reate a. gui\n+00016930: 6465 2028 636c 6963 6b20 6f6e 206f 6e65 de (click on one\n+00016940: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7275 6c65 7273 206e of the rulers n\n+00016950: 6578 7420 746f 2074 6865 2064 7261 7769 ext to the drawi\n+00016960: 6e67 2061 6e64 2064 7261 6720 6f76 6572 ng and drag over\n+00016970: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e . the drawin\n+00016980: 673b 2072 656c 6561 7365 2074 6865 206d g; release the m\n+00016990: 6f75 7365 2062 7574 746f 6e20 746f 2070 ouse button to p\n+000169a0: 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 2920 lace the guide) \n+000169b0: 746f 2068 656c 700a 2020 2020 2070 6c61 to help. pla\n+000169c0: 6365 2074 6865 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 ce the rectangle\n+000169d0: 7320 7072 6563 6973 656c 792e 0a20 2034 s precisely.. 4\n+000169e0: 2e20 5269 6768 7420 636c 6963 6b20 6f6e . Right click on\n+000169f0: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n+00016a00: 6520 7265 6374 616e 676c 6520 616e 6420 e rectangle and \n+00016a10: 6368 6f6f 7365 204f 626a 6563 740a 2020 choose Object. \n+00016a20: 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 732e 2020 Properties. \n+00016a30: 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2022 4964 2220 Change the \"Id\" \n+00016a40: 746f 2022 736c 6963 655f 6322 2061 6e64 to \"slice_c\" and\n+00016a50: 2063 6c69 636b 2053 6574 2e20 2052 6570 click Set. Rep\n+00016a60: 6561 740a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 666f eat. this fo\n+00016a70: 7220 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 r the remaining \n+00016a80: 3820 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2c20 6769 8 rectangles, gi\n+00016a90: 7669 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 4964 2076 616c ving them Id val\n+00016aa0: 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2273 6c69 ues of. \"sli\n+00016ab0: 6365 5f6e 222c 2022 736c 6963 655f 6e65 ce_n\", \"slice_ne\n+00016ac0: 222c 2022 736c 6963 655f 6522 2c20 616e \", \"slice_e\", an\n+00016ad0: 6420 736f 206f 6e20 6163 636f 7264 696e d so on accordin\n+00016ae0: 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f g to the. lo\n+00016af0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 352e 2053 6176 cation.. 5. Sav\n+00016b00: 6520 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 672e 0a20 e the drawing.. \n+00016b10: 2036 2e20 5365 6c65 6374 2061 6c6c 2074 6. Select all t\n+00016b20: 6865 2073 6c69 6365 2072 6563 7461 6e67 he slice rectang\n+00016b30: 6c65 732e 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 2073 les. 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Opt\n-00017940: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 746f 7022 2c0a ions are \"top\",.\n-00017950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017960: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222c \"center\",\n-00017970: 2022 626f 7474 6f6d 222e 2020 4465 6661 \"bottom\". 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O\n+00017940: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 746f 7022 ptions are \"top\"\n+00017950: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,. \n+00017960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 6572 \"center\n+00017970: 222c 2022 626f 7474 6f6d 222e 2020 4465 \", \"bottom\". De\n+00017980: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6365 6e74 6572 fault is \"center\n+00017990: 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d63 6f6c 6f72 \"..desktop-color\n+000179a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 Specif\n+000179b0: 6965 7320 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 666f ies the color fo\n+000179c0: 7220 7468 6520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 r the background\n+000179d0: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n+000179e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b *desk\n+000179f0: 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 7320 6e6f top-image* is no\n+00017a00: 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 642e 0a74 6572 t specified..ter\n+00017a10: 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 7820 2020 2020 2020 minal-box \n+00017a20: 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 Specifies th\n+00017a30: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7061 7474 e file name patt\n+00017a40: 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 ern for the. \n 00017a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017a60: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 736c 6963 styled box slic\n-00017a70: 6573 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 es used for the \n-00017a80: 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 command. \n-00017a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n-00017aa0: 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e ine terminal win\n-00017ab0: 646f 772e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c dow. For exampl\n-00017ac0: 652c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e,. \n-00017ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2274 6572 6d69 \"termi\n-00017ae0: 6e61 6c2d 626f 783a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 nal-box: termina\n-00017af0: 6c5f 2a2e 706e 6722 2077 696c 6c20 7573 l_*.png\" will us\n-00017b00: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00017b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 6d61 the ima\n-00017b20: 6765 7320 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 632e ges \"terminal_c.\n-00017b30: 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6365 6e74 png\" as the cent\n-00017b40: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er. \n-00017b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6172 6561 2c20 area, \n-00017b60: 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6e2e 706e 6722 \"terminal_n.png\"\n-00017b70: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 6820 2874 as the north (t\n-00017b80: 6f70 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 op). \n-00017b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6467 652c edge,\n-00017ba0: 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6e 772e 706e \"terminal_nw.pn\n-00017bb0: 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 6877 g\" as the northw\n-00017bc0: 6573 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 est. \n-00017bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 7570 7065 (uppe\n-00017be0: 7220 6c65 6674 2920 636f 726e 6572 2c20 r left) corner, \n-00017bf0: 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 4966 2074 and so on. If t\n-00017c00: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n-00017c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 image \n-00017c20: 666f 7220 616e 7920 736c 6963 6520 6973 for any slice is\n-00017c30: 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6974 2077 not found, it w\n-00017c40: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill. \n-00017c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 696d 706c simpl\n-00017c60: 7920 6265 206c 6566 7420 656d 7074 792e y be left empty.\n-00017c70: 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 7264 6572 .terminal-border\n-00017c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 Specifie\n-00017c90: 7320 7468 6520 626f 7264 6572 2077 6964 s the border wid\n-00017ca0: 7468 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 th of the. \n+00017a60: 2020 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 736c styled box sl\n+00017a70: 6963 6573 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7468 ices used for th\n+00017a80: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 e command. \n+00017a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017aa0: 206c 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 line terminal w\n+00017ab0: 696e 646f 772e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d indow. For exam\n+00017ac0: 706c 652c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ple,. \n+00017ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2274 6572 \"ter\n+00017ae0: 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 783a 2074 6572 6d69 minal-box: termi\n+00017af0: 6e61 6c5f 2a2e 706e 6722 2077 696c 6c20 nal_*.png\" will \n+00017b00: 7573 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 use. \n+00017b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 the i\n+00017b20: 6d61 6765 7320 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f mages \"terminal_\n+00017b30: 632e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6365 c.png\" as the ce\n+00017b40: 6e74 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nter. \n+00017b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6172 6561 area\n+00017b60: 2c20 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6e2e 706e , \"terminal_n.pn\n+00017b70: 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 6820 g\" as the north \n+00017b80: 2874 6f70 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (top). \n+00017b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6467 edg\n+00017ba0: 652c 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6e 772e e, \"terminal_nw.\n+00017bb0: 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 png\" as the nort\n+00017bc0: 6877 6573 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hwest. \n+00017bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 7570 (up\n+00017be0: 7065 7220 6c65 6674 2920 636f 726e 6572 per left) corner\n+00017bf0: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 4966 , and so on. If\n+00017c00: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696d 6167 imag\n+00017c20: 6520 666f 7220 616e 7920 736c 6963 6520 e for any slice \n+00017c30: 6973 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6974 is not found, it\n+00017c40: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 will. \n+00017c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 696d sim\n+00017c60: 706c 7920 6265 206c 6566 7420 656d 7074 ply be left empt\n+00017c70: 792e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 7264 y..terminal-bord\n+00017c80: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 er Specif\n+00017c90: 6965 7320 7468 6520 626f 7264 6572 2077 ies the border w\n+00017ca0: 6964 7468 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 idth of the. \n 00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017cc0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 terminal window\n-00017cd0: 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d6c 6566 7420 ..terminal-left \n-00017ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 Specifi\n-00017cf0: 6573 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 636f 6f72 es the left coor\n-00017d00: 6469 6e61 7465 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 dinate of the. \n+00017cc0: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 terminal wind\n+00017cd0: 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d6c 6566 ow..terminal-lef\n+00017ce0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 t Speci\n+00017cf0: 6669 6573 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 636f fies the left co\n+00017d00: 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 206f 6620 7468 650a ordinate of the.\n 00017d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017d20: 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 terminal wi\n-00017d30: 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d74 ndow..terminal-t\n-00017d40: 6f70 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 op Spe\n-00017d50: 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2063 cifies the top c\n-00017d60: 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 6520 6f66 2074 6865 oordinate of the\n-00017d70: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00017d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c terminal\n-00017d90: 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 window..termina\n-00017da0: 6c2d 7769 6474 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 l-width \n-00017db0: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7769 Specifies the wi\n-00017dc0: 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 dth of the termi\n-00017dd0: 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nal. \n-00017de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696e 646f windo\n-00017df0: 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 6865 6967 w..terminal-heig\n-00017e00: 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 ht Specif\n-00017e10: 6965 7320 7468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f ies the height o\n-00017e20: 6620 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a20 f the terminal. \n-00017e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017e40: 2020 2020 2020 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 0a37 window...7\n-00017e50: 2e33 2e34 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2043 .3.4 Component C\n-00017e60: 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d onstruction.----\n+00017d20: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 terminal \n+00017d30: 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c window..terminal\n+00017d40: 2d74 6f70 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 -top S\n+00017d50: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2074 6f70 pecifies the top\n+00017d60: 2063 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 6520 6f66 2074 coordinate of t\n+00017d70: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+00017d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e termin\n+00017d90: 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 al window..termi\n+00017da0: 6e61 6c2d 7769 6474 6820 2020 2020 2020 nal-width \n+00017db0: 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 Specifies the \n+00017dc0: 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6572 width of the ter\n+00017dd0: 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 minal. \n+00017de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696e win\n+00017df0: 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 6865 dow..terminal-he\n+00017e00: 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 ight Spec\n+00017e10: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6865 6967 6874 ifies the height\n+00017e20: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c of the terminal\n+00017e30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017e40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a window..\n+00017e50: 0a37 2e33 2e34 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 .7.3.4 Component\n+00017e60: 2043 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e0a 2d2d Construction.--\n 00017e70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00017e80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4772 6561 7465 --------..Greate\n-00017e90: 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 6162 696c 6974 r customizabilit\n-00017ea0: 7920 636f 6d65 7320 6973 2070 726f 7669 y comes is provi\n-00017eb0: 6465 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 ded by component\n-00017ec0: 732e 2020 4120 7472 6565 206f 660a 636f s. 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Prop\n-00018220: 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 erties:. id \n-00018230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n-00018240: 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 to \"__timeout__\"\n-00018250: 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 to display the \n-00018260: 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 2020 time elapsed. \n+00017e80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4772 6561 ----------..Grea\n+00017e90: 7465 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 6162 696c ter customizabil\n+00017ea0: 6974 7920 636f 6d65 7320 6973 2070 726f ity comes is pro\n+00017eb0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 vided by compone\n+00017ec0: 6e74 732e 2020 4120 7472 6565 206f 660a nts. A tree of.\n+00017ed0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2066 6f72 6d73 components forms\n+00017ee0: 2074 6865 2075 7365 7220 696e 7465 7266 the user interf\n+00017ef0: 6163 652e 2020 2a43 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 ace. *Container\n+00017f00: 732a 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 s* are component\n+00017f10: 7320 7468 6174 0a63 616e 2063 6f6e 7461 s that.can conta\n+00017f20: 696e 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 in other compone\n+00017f30: 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7265 2069 nts, and there i\n+00017f40: 7320 616c 7761 7973 2061 2073 696e 676c s always a singl\n+00017f50: 6520 726f 6f74 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 e root.component\n+00017f60: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 616e 2069 6e73 which is an ins\n+00017f70: 7461 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 202a 6361 6e76 tance of a *canv\n+00017f80: 6173 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 722e 0a0a as* container...\n+00017f90: 2020 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6172 Components ar\n+00017fa0: 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 e created in the\n+00017fb0: 2074 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 6279 2070 theme file by p\n+00017fc0: 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2074 6865 2074 7970 refixing the typ\n+00017fd0: 6520 6f66 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 e of.component w\n+00017fe0: 6974 6820 6120 272b 2720 7369 676e 3a0a ith a '+' sign:.\n+00017ff0: 0a20 2020 e280 9820 2b20 6c61 6265 6c20 . ... + label \n+00018000: 7b20 7465 7874 3d22 4752 5542 2220 666f { text=\"GRUB\" fo\n+00018010: 6e74 3d22 6171 7569 2031 3122 2063 6f6c nt=\"aqui 11\" col\n+00018020: 6f72 3d22 2338 4646 2220 7d20 e280 990a or=\"#8FF\" } ....\n+00018030: 0a20 2020 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 206f . properties o\n+00018040: 6620 6120 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6172 f a component ar\n+00018050: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2022 e specified as \"\n+00018060: 6e61 6d65 203d 2076 616c 7565 2220 2877 name = value\" (w\n+00018070: 6869 7465 7370 6163 650a 7375 7272 6f75 hitespace.surrou\n+00018080: 6e64 696e 6720 746f 6b65 6e73 2069 7320 nding tokens is \n+00018090: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 optional and is \n+000180a0: 6967 6e6f 7265 6429 2077 6865 7265 202a ignored) where *\n+000180b0: 7661 6c75 652a 206d 6179 2062 653a 0a20 value* may be:. \n+000180c0: 2020 e280 a220 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2077 ... a single w\n+000180d0: 6f72 6420 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 616c 6967 ord (e.g., \"alig\n+000180e0: 6e20 3d20 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 636f n = center\", \"co\n+000180f0: 6c6f 7220 3d20 2346 4638 3038 3022 292c lor = #FF8080\"),\n+00018100: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6120 7175 6f74 6564 . ... a quoted\n+00018110: 2073 7472 696e 6720 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 string (e.g., \"\n+00018120: 7465 7874 203d 2022 4865 6c6c 6f2c 2057 text = \"Hello, W\n+00018130: 6f72 6c64 2122 2229 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 orld!\"\"), or. \n+00018140: e280 a220 6120 7475 706c 6520 2865 2e67 ... a tuple (e.g\n+00018150: 2e2c 2022 7072 6566 6572 7265 645f 7369 ., \"preferred_si\n+00018160: 7a65 203d 2028 3132 302c 2038 3029 2229 ze = (120, 80)\")\n+00018170: 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e35 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 ...7.3.5 Compone\n+00018180: 6e74 204c 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nt List.--------\n+00018190: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+000181a0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 e following is a\n+000181b0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d list of the com\n+000181c0: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 616e 6420 7468 6520 ponents and the \n+000181d0: 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2074 6865 790a properties they.\n+000181e0: 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 support... ...\n+000181f0: 206c 6162 656c 2041 206c 6162 656c 2064 label A label d\n+00018200: 6973 706c 6179 7320 6120 6c69 6e65 206f isplays a line o\n+00018210: 6620 7465 7874 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 f text... Pr\n+00018220: 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 2020 2020 2069 operties:. i\n+00018230: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 d Se\n+00018240: 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f t to \"__timeout_\n+00018250: 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 _\" to display th\n+00018260: 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 e time elapsed. \n 00018270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018280: 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 to an automatic\n-00018290: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 al boot of the d\n-000182a0: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 efault entry.. \n-000182b0: 2020 2074 6578 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 text \n-000182c0: 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 2074 6f20 6469 The text to di\n-000182d0: 7370 6c61 792e 2020 4966 2022 6964 2220 splay. If \"id\" \n-000182e0: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 is set to. \n-000182f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 225f \"_\n-00018300: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e 6420 _timeout__\" and \n-00018310: 6e6f 2022 7465 7874 2220 7072 6f70 6572 no \"text\" proper\n-00018320: 7479 2069 7320 7365 7420 7468 656e 0a20 ty is set then. \n-00018330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018340: 2020 2074 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 the amount of\n-00018350: 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 seconds will be\n-00018360: 2073 686f 776e 2e20 2049 6620 7365 7420 shown. If set \n-00018370: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n-00018380: 2020 2020 2020 2022 404b 4559 4d41 505f \"@KEYMAP_\n-00018390: 5348 4f52 5440 222c 2022 404b 4559 4d41 SHORT@\", \"@KEYMA\n-000183a0: 505f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f 720a 2020 P_MIDDLE@\" or. \n+00018280: 2020 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 to an automat\n+00018290: 6963 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 ical boot of the\n+000182a0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a default entry..\n+000182b0: 2020 2020 2074 6578 7420 2020 2020 2020 text \n+000182c0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 2074 6f20 The text to \n+000182d0: 6469 7370 6c61 792e 2020 4966 2022 6964 display. If \"id\n+000182e0: 2220 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 \" is set to. \n+000182f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018300: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e \"__timeout__\" an\n+00018310: 6420 6e6f 2022 7465 7874 2220 7072 6f70 d no \"text\" prop\n+00018320: 6572 7479 2069 7320 7365 7420 7468 656e erty is set then\n+00018330: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018340: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 the amount \n+00018350: 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2077 696c 6c20 of seconds will \n+00018360: 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e20 2049 6620 7365 be shown. If se\n+00018370: 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t to. \n+00018380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 404b 4559 4d41 \"@KEYMA\n+00018390: 505f 5348 4f52 5440 222c 2022 404b 4559 P_SHORT@\", \"@KEY\n+000183a0: 4d41 505f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f 720a MAP_MIDDLE@\" or.\n 000183b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000183c0: 2020 2240 4b45 594d 4150 5f4c 4f4e 4740 \"@KEYMAP_LONG@\n-000183d0: 2220 7468 656e 2070 7265 6465 6669 6e65 \" then predefine\n-000183e0: 6420 686f 746b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 d hotkey. \n-000183f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e66 inf\n-00018400: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ormation will be\n-00018410: 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 6f6e shown.. fon\n-00018420: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 t The \n-00018430: 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 font to use for \n-00018440: 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 2e0a 2020 text display.. \n-00018450: 2020 2063 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 color \n-00018460: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2074 The color of t\n-00018470: 6865 2074 6578 742e 0a20 2020 2020 616c he text.. al\n-00018480: 6967 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 ign The\n-00018490: 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 616c 6967 horizontal alig\n-000184a0: 6e6d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 nment of the tex\n-000184b0: 7420 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 t within the. \n+000183c0: 2020 2020 2240 4b45 594d 4150 5f4c 4f4e \"@KEYMAP_LON\n+000183d0: 4740 2220 7468 656e 2070 7265 6465 6669 G@\" then predefi\n+000183e0: 6e65 6420 686f 746b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 ned hotkey. \n+000183f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n+00018400: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 nformation will \n+00018410: 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 be shown.. f\n+00018420: 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 ont Th\n+00018430: 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f e font to use fo\n+00018440: 7220 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 2e0a r text display..\n+00018450: 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 color \n+00018460: 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 The color of\n+00018470: 2074 6865 2074 6578 742e 0a20 2020 2020 the text.. \n+00018480: 616c 6967 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 align T\n+00018490: 6865 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 616c he horizontal al\n+000184a0: 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2074 ignment of the t\n+000184b0: 6578 7420 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 0a20 ext within the. \n 000184c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000184d0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e20 204f 7074 component. Opt\n-000184e0: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 6c65 6674 222c ions are \"left\",\n-000184f0: 2022 6365 6e74 6572 2220 616e 640a 2020 \"center\" and. \n+000184d0: 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e20 204f component. O\n+000184e0: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 6c65 6674 ptions are \"left\n+000184f0: 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 2220 616e 640a \", \"center\" and.\n 00018500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018510: 2020 2272 6967 6874 222e 0a20 2020 2020 \"right\".. \n-00018520: 7669 7369 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2053 visible S\n-00018530: 6574 2074 6f20 2266 616c 7365 2220 746f et to \"false\" to\n-00018540: 2068 6964 6520 7468 6520 6c61 6265 6c2e hide the label.\n-00018550: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 6d61 6765 2041 .. ... image A\n-00018560: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 component that \n-00018570: 6469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 6e20 696d 6167 displays an imag\n-00018580: 652e 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6973 e. The image is\n-00018590: 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 scaled to. \n-000185a0: 6669 7420 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e fit the componen\n-000185b0: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 t... Propert\n-000185c0: 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 ies:.. file \n-000185d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6675 The fu\n-000185e0: 6c6c 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 2069 ll path to the i\n-000185f0: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 746f 206c 6f61 mage file to loa\n-00018600: 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2070 726f 6772 d... ... progr\n-00018610: 6573 735f 6261 7220 4469 7370 6c61 7973 ess_bar Displays\n-00018620: 2061 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c6c 7920 a horizontally \n-00018630: 6f72 6965 6e74 6564 2070 726f 6772 6573 oriented progres\n-00018640: 7320 6261 722e 2020 4974 2063 616e 0a20 s bar. It can. \n-00018650: 2020 2020 6265 2072 656e 6465 7265 6420 be rendered \n-00018660: 7573 696e 6720 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 6f6c using simple sol\n-00018670: 6964 2066 696c 6c65 6420 7265 6374 616e id filled rectan\n-00018680: 676c 6573 2c20 6f72 2075 7369 6e67 2061 gles, or using a\n-00018690: 2070 6169 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7069 pair. of pi\n-000186a0: 786d 6170 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 xmap styled boxe\n-000186b0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 s... Propert\n-000186c0: 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 2020 ies:.. id \n-000186d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f Set to\n-000186e0: 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 \"__timeout__\" t\n-000186f0: 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7469 o display the ti\n-00018700: 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 2020 2020 me elapsed. \n-00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-00018720: 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c o an automatical\n-00018730: 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 boot of the def\n-00018740: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 ault entry.. \n-00018750: 2066 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 fg_color \n-00018760: 5468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 The foreground c\n-00018770: 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 olor for plain s\n-00018780: 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 olid color. \n-00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 r\n-000187a0: 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 endering.. b\n-000187b0: 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 5468 g_color Th\n-000187c0: 6520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c e background col\n-000187d0: 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c or for plain sol\n-000187e0: 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 id color. \n-000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e ren\n-00018800: 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f72 dering.. bor\n-00018810: 6465 725f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 5468 6520 der_color The \n-00018820: 626f 7264 6572 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 border color for\n-00018830: 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c plain solid col\n-00018840: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n-00018850: 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 rendering\n-00018860: 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6578 745f 636f 6c6f .. text_colo\n-00018870: 7220 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 2063 r The text c\n-00018880: 6f6c 6f72 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6172 5f73 olor.. bar_s\n-00018890: 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7374 tyle The st\n-000188a0: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 yled box specifi\n-000188b0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2066 cation for the f\n-000188c0: 7261 6d65 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rame of. \n-000188d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 the \n-000188e0: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2045 progress bar. E\n-000188f0: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 xample:. \n-00018900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 726f \"pro\n-00018910: 6772 6573 735f 6672 616d 655f 2a2e 706e gress_frame_*.pn\n-00018920: 6722 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 g\" If the value \n-00018930: 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 is equal to. \n+00018510: 2020 2020 2272 6967 6874 222e 0a20 2020 \"right\".. \n+00018520: 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 visible \n+00018530: 2053 6574 2074 6f20 2266 616c 7365 2220 Set to \"false\" \n+00018540: 746f 2068 6964 6520 7468 6520 6c61 6265 to hide the labe\n+00018550: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 6d61 6765 l... ... image\n+00018560: 2041 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 6861 A component tha\n+00018570: 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 6e20 696d t displays an im\n+00018580: 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 age. The image \n+00018590: 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 0a20 2020 is scaled to. \n+000185a0: 2020 6669 7420 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e fit the compon\n+000185b0: 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 ent... Prope\n+000185c0: 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2066 696c rties:.. fil\n+000185d0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 e The \n+000185e0: 6675 6c6c 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 full path to the\n+000185f0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 746f 206c image file to l\n+00018600: 6f61 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2070 726f oad... ... pro\n+00018610: 6772 6573 735f 6261 7220 4469 7370 6c61 gress_bar Displa\n+00018620: 7973 2061 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c6c ys a horizontall\n+00018630: 7920 6f72 6965 6e74 6564 2070 726f 6772 y oriented progr\n+00018640: 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 4974 2063 616e ess bar. It can\n+00018650: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2072 656e 6465 7265 . be rendere\n+00018660: 6420 7573 696e 6720 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 d using simple s\n+00018670: 6f6c 6964 2066 696c 6c65 6420 7265 6374 olid filled rect\n+00018680: 616e 676c 6573 2c20 6f72 2075 7369 6e67 angles, or using\n+00018690: 2061 2070 6169 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 a pair. of \n+000186a0: 7069 786d 6170 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f pixmap styled bo\n+000186b0: 7865 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 xes... Prope\n+000186c0: 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 rties:.. id \n+000186d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n+000186e0: 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 to \"__timeout__\"\n+000186f0: 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 to display the \n+00018700: 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 2020 time elapsed. \n+00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018720: 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 to an automatic\n+00018730: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 al boot of the d\n+00018740: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 efault entry.. \n+00018750: 2020 2066 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 fg_color \n+00018760: 2020 5468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 The foreground\n+00018770: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e color for plain\n+00018780: 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 solid color. \n+00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000187a0: 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 rendering.. \n+000187b0: 2062 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 bg_color \n+000187c0: 5468 6520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 The background c\n+000187d0: 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 olor for plain s\n+000187e0: 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 olid color. \n+000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 r\n+00018800: 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 endering.. b\n+00018810: 6f72 6465 725f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 5468 order_color Th\n+00018820: 6520 626f 7264 6572 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 e border color f\n+00018830: 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 or plain solid c\n+00018840: 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 olor. \n+00018850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 renderi\n+00018860: 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6578 745f 636f ng.. text_co\n+00018870: 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 lor The text\n+00018880: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6172 color.. bar\n+00018890: 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 _style The \n+000188a0: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 styled box speci\n+000188b0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 fication for the\n+000188c0: 2066 7261 6d65 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 frame of. \n+000188d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 th\n+000188e0: 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 e progress bar. \n+000188f0: 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 Example:. \n+00018900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 \"p\n+00018910: 726f 6772 6573 735f 6672 616d 655f 2a2e rogress_frame_*.\n+00018920: 706e 6722 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 png\" If the valu\n+00018930: 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 e is equal to. \n 00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018950: 2268 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 \"highlight_style\n-00018960: 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f20 7374 796c 6564 \" then no styled\n-00018970: 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 boxes will be. \n-00018980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018990: 2020 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 shown.. h\n-000189a0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 5468 ighlight_styleTh\n-000189b0: 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 7065 e styled box spe\n-000189c0: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 cification for t\n-000189d0: 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 0a20 he highlighted. \n-000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000189f0: 2020 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 region of the\n-00018a00: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 progress bar. \n-00018a10: 5468 6973 2062 6f78 2077 696c 6c20 6265 This box will be\n-00018a20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00018a30: 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2070 6169 used to pai\n-00018a40: 6e74 206a 7573 7420 7468 6520 6869 6768 nt just the high\n-00018a50: 6c69 6768 7465 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 206f lighted region o\n-00018a60: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n-00018a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 722c 2061 bar, a\n-00018a80: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e63 7265 nd will be incre\n-00018a90: 6173 6564 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2061 7320 ased in size as \n-00018aa0: 7468 6520 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 the bar. \n-00018ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 6172 near\n-00018ac0: 7320 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2045 s completion. E\n-00018ad0: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a20 2270 726f 6772 6573 xample: \"progres\n-00018ae0: 735f 686c 5f2a 2e70 6e67 222e 0a20 2020 s_hl_*.png\".. \n+00018950: 2020 2268 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 \"highlight_sty\n+00018960: 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f20 7374 796c le\" then no styl\n+00018970: 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ed boxes will be\n+00018980: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018990: 2020 2020 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 shown.. \n+000189a0: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 highlight_style\n+000189b0: 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 The styled box s\n+000189c0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 pecification for\n+000189d0: 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 the highlighted\n+000189e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000189f0: 2020 2020 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 region of t\n+00018a00: 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e he progress bar.\n+00018a10: 2020 5468 6973 2062 6f78 2077 696c 6c20 This box will \n+00018a20: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be. \n+00018a30: 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2070 used to p\n+00018a40: 6169 6e74 206a 7573 7420 7468 6520 6869 aint just the hi\n+00018a50: 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 7265 6769 6f6e ghlighted region\n+00018a60: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00018a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 722c bar,\n+00018a80: 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e63 and will be inc\n+00018a90: 7265 6173 6564 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2061 reased in size a\n+00018aa0: 7320 7468 6520 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 s the bar. \n+00018ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n+00018ac0: 6172 7320 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 ars completion. \n+00018ad0: 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a20 2270 726f 6772 Example: \"progr\n+00018ae0: 6573 735f 686c 5f2a 2e70 6e67 222e 0a20 ess_hl_*.png\".. \n 00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018b00: 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 If the value is\n-00018b10: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 2262 6172 5f73 equal to \"bar_s\n-00018b20: 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f0a 2020 tyle\" then no. \n+00018b00: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 If the value \n+00018b10: 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 2262 6172 is equal to \"bar\n+00018b20: 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f0a _style\" then no.\n 00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018b40: 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 styled boxes w\n-00018b50: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 ill be shown.. \n-00018b60: 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f6f 7665 highlight_ove\n-00018b70: 726c 6179 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 rlayIf this opti\n-00018b80: 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 on is set to \"tr\n-00018b90: 7565 2220 7468 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ue\" then the. \n+00018b40: 2020 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 styled boxes\n+00018b50: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a will be shown..\n+00018b60: 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f6f highlight_o\n+00018b70: 7665 726c 6179 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 verlayIf this op\n+00018b80: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 tion is set to \"\n+00018b90: 7472 7565 2220 7468 656e 2074 6865 0a20 true\" then the. \n 00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018bb0: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2062 6f78 2073 highlight box s\n-00018bc0: 6964 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 ide slices (ever\n-00018bd0: 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 0a20 y slice except. \n-00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018bf0: 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c the center sl\n-00018c00: 6963 6529 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 6c61 ice) will overla\n-00018c10: 7920 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 626f 780a y the frame box.\n-00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018c30: 2020 2020 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e side slices.\n-00018c40: 2020 416e 6420 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 And the center\n-00018c50: 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 slice of the. \n+00018bb0: 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2062 6f78 highlight box\n+00018bc0: 2073 6964 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 side slices (ev\n+00018bd0: 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 ery slice except\n+00018be0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018bf0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 the center \n+00018c00: 736c 6963 6529 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 slice) will over\n+00018c10: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 626f lay the frame bo\n+00018c20: 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x. \n+00018c30: 2020 2020 2020 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 side slice\n+00018c40: 732e 2020 416e 6420 7468 6520 6365 6e74 s. And the cent\n+00018c50: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a er slice of the.\n 00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018c70: 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 626f 7820 highlight box \n-00018c80: 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 can move all the\n-00018c90: 2077 6179 2028 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 way (from top t\n-00018ca0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n-00018cb0: 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 bottom), b\n-00018cc0: 6569 6e67 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 eing drawn on th\n-00018cd0: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f e center slice o\n-00018ce0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n-00018cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 616d 6520 frame \n-00018d00: 626f 782e 2020 5468 6174 2077 6179 2077 box. That way w\n-00018d10: 6520 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 2061 2070 726f e can make a pro\n-00018d20: 6772 6573 7320 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 gress bar. \n-00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 wi\n-00018d40: 7468 2072 6f75 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 6420 th round-shaped \n-00018d50: 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 edges so there w\n-00018d60: 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 on't be a free. \n-00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018d80: 2020 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 space from th\n-00018d90: 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 746f 2074 e highlight to t\n-00018da0: 6865 2066 7261 6d65 2069 6e20 746f 7020 he frame in top \n-00018db0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 and. \n-00018dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 bottom s\n-00018dd0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6f73 6974 696f crollbar positio\n-00018de0: 6e73 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 ns. Default is \n-00018df0: 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 666f \"false\".. fo\n-00018e00: 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 nt The\n-00018e10: 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 font to use for\n-00018e20: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a20 progress bar.. \n-00018e30: 2020 2020 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 2020 text \n-00018e40: 2020 2054 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 The text to d\n-00018e50: 6973 706c 6179 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 isplay on the pr\n-00018e60: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2049 6620 ogress bar. If \n-00018e70: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00018e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7265 7373 progress\n-00018e90: 2062 6172 2773 2049 4420 6973 2073 6574 bar's ID is set\n-00018ea0: 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f to \"__timeout__\n-00018eb0: 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" and. \n-00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7661 the va\n-00018ed0: 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 lue of this prop\n-00018ee0: 6572 7479 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 erty is set to. \n-00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018f00: 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 \"@TIMEOUT_NOT\n-00018f10: 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 5348 4f52 5440 IFICATION_SHORT@\n-00018f20: 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \",. \n-00018f30: 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 \"@TIMEOUT\n-00018f40: 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4d49 _NOTIFICATION_MI\n-00018f50: 4444 4c45 4022 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 DDLE@\" or. \n-00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 \"@\n-00018f70: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 TIMEOUT_NOTIFICA\n-00018f80: 5449 4f4e 5f4c 4f4e 4740 222c 2074 6865 TION_LONG@\", the\n-00018f90: 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 n GRUB will. \n+00018c70: 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 626f highlight bo\n+00018c80: 7820 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 x can move all t\n+00018c90: 6865 2077 6179 2028 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 he way (from top\n+00018ca0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n+00018cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 292c bottom),\n+00018cc0: 2062 6569 6e67 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 being drawn on \n+00018cd0: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 the center slice\n+00018ce0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00018cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 616d fram\n+00018d00: 6520 626f 782e 2020 5468 6174 2077 6179 e box. That way\n+00018d10: 2077 6520 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 2061 2070 we can make a p\n+00018d20: 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 720a 2020 2020 rogress bar. \n+00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018d40: 7769 7468 2072 6f75 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 with round-shape\n+00018d50: 6420 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 d edges so there\n+00018d60: 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 won't be a free\n+00018d70: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018d80: 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 space from \n+00018d90: 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 746f the highlight to\n+00018da0: 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 2069 6e20 746f the frame in to\n+00018db0: 7020 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p and. \n+00018dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d bottom\n+00018dd0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6f73 6974 scrollbar posit\n+00018de0: 696f 6e73 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 ions. Default i\n+00018df0: 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 s \"false\".. \n+00018e00: 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 font T\n+00018e10: 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 he font to use f\n+00018e20: 6f72 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e or progress bar.\n+00018e30: 0a20 2020 2020 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 . text \n+00018e40: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f The text to\n+00018e50: 2064 6973 706c 6179 206f 6e20 7468 6520 display on the \n+00018e60: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2049 progress bar. I\n+00018e70: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n+00018e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7265 progre\n+00018e90: 7373 2062 6172 2773 2049 4420 6973 2073 ss bar's ID is s\n+00018ea0: 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 et to \"__timeout\n+00018eb0: 5f5f 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 __\" and. \n+00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 the \n+00018ed0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7072 value of this pr\n+00018ee0: 6f70 6572 7479 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f operty is set to\n+00018ef0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018f00: 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e \"@TIMEOUT_N\n+00018f10: 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 5348 4f52 OTIFICATION_SHOR\n+00018f20: 5440 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 T@\",. \n+00018f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f \"@TIMEO\n+00018f40: 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f UT_NOTIFICATION_\n+00018f50: 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f 720a 2020 2020 MIDDLE@\" or. \n+00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018f70: 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIFI\n+00018f80: 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4c 4f4e 4740 222c 2074 CATION_LONG@\", t\n+00018f90: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 hen GRUB will. \n 00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018fb0: 7570 6461 7465 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 update this prop\n-00018fc0: 6572 7479 2077 6974 6820 616e 2069 6e66 erty with an inf\n-00018fd0: 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d 6573 7361 6765 ormative message\n-00018fe0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00018ff0: 2020 2020 2061 7320 7468 6520 7469 6d65 as the time\n-00019000: 6f75 7420 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 2e0a out approaches..\n-00019010: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6369 7263 756c 6172 . ... circular\n-00019020: 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7320 4469 7370 6c61 _progress Displa\n-00019030: 7973 2061 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 ys a circular pr\n-00019040: 6f67 7265 7373 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 ogress indicator\n-00019050: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 . The. appe\n-00019060: 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6973 2063 arance of this c\n-00019070: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2069 7320 6465 7465 omponent is dete\n-00019080: 726d 696e 6564 2062 7920 7477 6f20 696d rmined by two im\n-00019090: 6167 6573 3a20 7468 650a 2020 2020 202a ages: the. *\n-000190a0: 6365 6e74 6572 2a20 696d 6167 6520 616e center* image an\n-000190b0: 6420 7468 6520 2a74 6963 6b2a 2069 6d61 d the *tick* ima\n-000190c0: 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 ge. The center \n-000190d0: 696d 6167 6520 6973 2067 656e 6572 616c image is general\n-000190e0: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7267 6572 2061 ly. larger a\n-000190f0: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e nd will be drawn\n-00019100: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 206f in the center o\n-00019110: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e f the component.\n-00019120: 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 Around. th\n-00019130: 6520 6369 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 e circumference \n-00019140: 6f66 2061 2063 6972 636c 6520 7769 7468 of a circle with\n-00019150: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 in the component\n-00019160: 2c20 7468 6520 7469 636b 2069 6d61 6765 , the tick image\n-00019170: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 . will be dr\n-00019180: 6177 6e20 6120 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 awn a certain nu\n-00019190: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 6d65 732c 2064 mber of times, d\n-000191a0: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a epending on the.\n-000191b0: 2020 2020 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 properties \n-000191c0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 of the component\n-000191d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 ... Properti\n-000191e0: 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6964 2020 2020 es:.. id \n+00018fb0: 2020 7570 6461 7465 2074 6869 7320 7072 update this pr\n+00018fc0: 6f70 6572 7479 2077 6974 6820 616e 2069 operty with an i\n+00018fd0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d 6573 7361 nformative messa\n+00018fe0: 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ge. \n+00018ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2061 7320 7468 6520 7469 as the ti\n+00019000: 6d65 6f75 7420 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 meout approaches\n+00019010: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6369 7263 756c ... ... circul\n+00019020: 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7320 4469 7370 ar_progress Disp\n+00019030: 6c61 7973 2061 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 lays a circular \n+00019040: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2069 6e64 6963 6174 progress indicat\n+00019050: 6f72 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 or. The. ap\n+00019060: 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6973 pearance of this\n+00019070: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2069 7320 6465 component is de\n+00019080: 7465 726d 696e 6564 2062 7920 7477 6f20 termined by two \n+00019090: 696d 6167 6573 3a20 7468 650a 2020 2020 images: the. \n+000190a0: 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a20 696d 6167 6520 *center* image \n+000190b0: 616e 6420 7468 6520 2a74 6963 6b2a 2069 and the *tick* i\n+000190c0: 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2063 656e 7465 mage. The cente\n+000190d0: 7220 696d 6167 6520 6973 2067 656e 6572 r image is gener\n+000190e0: 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7267 6572 ally. larger\n+000190f0: 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 and will be dra\n+00019100: 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 wn in the center\n+00019110: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e of the componen\n+00019120: 742e 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 t. Around. \n+00019130: 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 the circumferenc\n+00019140: 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6972 636c 6520 7769 e of a circle wi\n+00019150: 7468 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 thin the compone\n+00019160: 6e74 2c20 7468 6520 7469 636b 2069 6d61 nt, the tick ima\n+00019170: 6765 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ge. will be \n+00019180: 6472 6177 6e20 6120 6365 7274 6169 6e20 drawn a certain \n+00019190: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 6d65 732c number of times,\n+000191a0: 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 depending on th\n+000191b0: 650a 2020 2020 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 e. propertie\n+000191c0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 s of the compone\n+000191d0: 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 nt... Proper\n+000191e0: 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6964 2020 ties:.. id \n 000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019200: 2053 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f Set to \"__timeo\n-00019210: 7574 5f5f 2220 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 ut__\" to display\n-00019220: 2074 6865 2074 696d 650a 2020 2020 2020 the time. \n+00019200: 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d Set to \"__tim\n+00019210: 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 746f 2064 6973 706c eout__\" to displ\n+00019220: 6179 2074 6865 2074 696d 650a 2020 2020 ay the time. \n 00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019240: 2020 2020 2020 656c 6170 7365 6420 746f elapsed to\n-00019250: 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 an automatical \n-00019260: 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 boot of the. \n+00019240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 6170 7365 6420 elapsed \n+00019250: 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 to an automatica\n+00019260: 6c20 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 l boot of the. \n 00019270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7420 default \n-00019290: 656e 7472 792e 0a20 2020 2020 6365 6e74 entry.. cent\n-000192a0: 6572 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2020 2020 2020 er_bitmap \n-000192b0: 2020 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 The file name\n-000192c0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f of the image to\n-000192d0: 2064 7261 7720 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 draw in the. \n+00019280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c defaul\n+00019290: 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 2020 2020 6365 t entry.. ce\n+000192a0: 6e74 6572 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2020 2020 nter_bitmap \n+000192b0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 The file na\n+000192c0: 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 me of the image \n+000192d0: 746f 2064 7261 7720 696e 2074 6865 0a20 to draw in the. \n 000192e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000192f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 7220 center \n-00019300: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 of the component\n-00019310: 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6963 6b5f 6269 746d .. tick_bitm\n-00019320: 6170 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 ap Th\n-00019330: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 e file name of t\n-00019340: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6472 6177 he image to draw\n-00019350: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 for. \n+000192f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 cente\n+00019300: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 r of the compone\n+00019310: 6e74 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6963 6b5f 6269 nt.. tick_bi\n+00019320: 746d 6170 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tmap \n+00019330: 5468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 The file name of\n+00019340: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6472 the image to dr\n+00019350: 6177 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 aw for. \n 00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019370: 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 732e the tick marks.\n-00019380: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d5f 7469 636b 7320 . num_ticks \n-00019390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n-000193a0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 6963 6b73 number of ticks\n-000193b0: 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 6120 that make up a \n-000193c0: 6675 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 full. \n+00019370: 2020 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b the tick mark\n+00019380: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d5f 7469 636b s.. num_tick\n+00019390: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 s T\n+000193a0: 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 6963 he number of tic\n+000193b0: 6b73 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 ks that make up \n+000193c0: 6120 6675 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 a full. \n 000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000193e0: 2063 6972 636c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 7469 circle.. ti\n-000193f0: 636b 735f 6469 7361 7070 6561 7220 2020 cks_disappear \n-00019400: 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c Boolean val\n-00019410: 7565 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 ue indicating wh\n-00019420: 6574 6865 7220 7469 636b 0a20 2020 2020 ether tick. \n+000193e0: 2020 2063 6972 636c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 circle.. \n+000193f0: 7469 636b 735f 6469 7361 7070 6561 7220 ticks_disappear \n+00019400: 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 Boolean v\n+00019410: 616c 7565 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 alue indicating \n+00019420: 7768 6574 6865 7220 7469 636b 0a20 2020 whether tick. \n 00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019440: 2020 2020 2020 206d 6172 6b73 2073 686f marks sho\n-00019450: 756c 6420 7072 6f67 7265 7373 6976 656c uld progressivel\n-00019460: 7920 6170 7065 6172 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 y appear, or. \n+00019440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6172 6b73 2073 marks s\n+00019450: 686f 756c 6420 7072 6f67 7265 7373 6976 hould progressiv\n+00019460: 656c 7920 6170 7065 6172 2c20 6f72 0a20 ely appear, or. \n 00019470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 6573 progres\n-00019490: 7369 7665 6c79 2064 6973 6170 7065 6172 sively disappear\n-000194a0: 2061 7320 2a76 616c 7565 2a0a 2020 2020 as *value*. \n+00019480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 progr\n+00019490: 6573 7369 7665 6c79 2064 6973 6170 7065 essively disappe\n+000194a0: 6172 2061 7320 2a76 616c 7565 2a0a 2020 ar as *value*. \n 000194b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000194c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f61 6368 approach\n-000194d0: 6573 202a 656e 642a 2e20 2053 7065 6369 es *end*. Speci\n-000194e0: 6679 2022 7472 7565 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 fy \"true\" or. \n+000194c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f61 approa\n+000194d0: 6368 6573 202a 656e 642a 2e20 2053 7065 ches *end*. Spe\n+000194e0: 6369 6679 2022 7472 7565 2220 6f72 0a20 cify \"true\" or. \n 000194f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6661 6c73 6522 \"false\"\n-00019510: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 . Default is \"f\n-00019520: 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6172 alse\".. star\n-00019530: 745f 616e 676c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_angle \n-00019540: 2020 2054 6865 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 The position \n-00019550: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 6963 of the first tic\n-00019560: 6b20 6d61 726b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 k mark to. \n+00019500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6661 6c73 \"fals\n+00019510: 6522 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e\". Default is \n+00019520: 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7374 \"false\".. st\n+00019530: 6172 745f 616e 676c 6520 2020 2020 2020 art_angle \n+00019540: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6f73 6974 696f The positio\n+00019550: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 n of the first t\n+00019560: 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 ick mark to. \n 00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019580: 2020 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 206f 7220 appear or \n-00019590: 6469 7361 7070 6561 722e 2020 4d65 6173 disappear. Meas\n-000195a0: 7572 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ured in. \n+00019580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 206f appear o\n+00019590: 7220 6469 7361 7070 6561 722e 2020 4d65 r disappear. Me\n+000195a0: 6173 7572 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 asured in. \n 000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000195c0: 2020 2020 2270 6172 726f 7473 222c 2031 \"parrots\", 1\n-000195d0: 2022 7061 7272 6f74 2220 3d20 3120 2f20 \"parrot\" = 1 / \n-000195e0: 3235 3620 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 256 of the. \n+000195c0: 2020 2020 2020 2270 6172 726f 7473 222c \"parrots\",\n+000195d0: 2031 2022 7061 7272 6f74 2220 3d20 3120 1 \"parrot\" = 1 \n+000195e0: 2f20 3235 3620 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 / 256 of the. \n 000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019600: 2020 2020 2020 2066 756c 6c20 6369 7263 full circ\n-00019610: 6c65 2e20 2055 7365 2076 616c 7565 7320 le. Use values \n-00019620: 2278 7878 2064 6567 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 \"xxx deg\" or. \n+00019600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 756c 6c20 6369 full ci\n+00019610: 7263 6c65 2e20 2055 7365 2076 616c 7565 rcle. Use value\n+00019620: 7320 2278 7878 2064 6567 2220 6f72 0a20 s \"xxx deg\" or. \n 00019630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7878 7820 5c78 \"xxx \\x\n-00019650: 6332 5c78 6230 2220 746f 2073 6574 2074 c2\\xb0\" to set t\n-00019660: 6865 2061 6e67 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 he angle in. \n+00019640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7878 7820 \"xxx \n+00019650: 5c78 6332 5c78 6230 2220 746f 2073 6574 \\xc2\\xb0\" to set\n+00019660: 2074 6865 2061 6e67 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 the angle in. \n 00019670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6772 6565 732e degrees.\n-00019690: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 745f 6d65 .. ... boot_me\n-000196a0: 6e75 2044 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 nu Displays the \n-000196b0: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 GRUB boot menu. \n-000196c0: 2049 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 656c 6563 It allows selec\n-000196d0: 7469 6e67 2069 7465 6d73 0a20 2020 2020 ting items. \n-000196e0: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 7468 and executing th\n-000196f0: 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 em... Proper\n-00019700: 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d ties:.. item\n-00019710: 5f66 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _font \n-00019720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f The fo\n-00019730: 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 nt to use for th\n-00019740: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 e menu item. \n+00019680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6772 6565 degree\n+00019690: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 745f s... ... boot_\n+000196a0: 6d65 6e75 2044 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 menu Displays th\n+000196b0: 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 e GRUB boot menu\n+000196c0: 2e20 2049 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 656c . It allows sel\n+000196d0: 6563 7469 6e67 2069 7465 6d73 0a20 2020 ecting items. \n+000196e0: 2020 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 and executing \n+000196f0: 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 them... Prop\n+00019700: 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6974 erties:.. it\n+00019710: 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 em_font \n+00019720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+00019730: 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 font to use for \n+00019740: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 the menu item. \n 00019750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-00019770: 6974 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 itles.. sele\n-00019780: 6374 6564 5f69 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 cted_item_font \n-00019790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f The fo\n-000197a0: 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 nt to use for th\n-000197b0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 e selected. \n+00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019770: 2074 6974 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7365 titles.. se\n+00019780: 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 lected_item_font\n+00019790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+000197a0: 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 font to use for \n+000197b0: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 the selected. \n 000197c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 me\n-000197e0: 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 6e68 nu item, or \"inh\n-000197f0: 6572 6974 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 2020 erit\" (the. \n+000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000197e0: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 menu item, or \"i\n+000197f0: 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 nherit\" (the. \n 00019800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 de\n-00019820: 6661 756c 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2269 fault) to use \"i\n-00019830: 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2220 666f 720a 2020 tem_font\" for. \n+00019810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019820: 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 default) to use \n+00019830: 2269 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2220 666f 720a \"item_font\" for.\n 00019840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019860: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6d65 the selected me\n-00019870: 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c 6c2e nu item as well.\n-00019880: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 . item_color\n-00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198a0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 746f The color to\n-000198b0: 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e use for the men\n-000198c0: 7520 6974 656d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 u item. \n+00019860: 2020 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 the selected \n+00019870: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c menu item as wel\n+00019880: 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c l.. item_col\n+00019890: 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or \n+000198a0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 The color \n+000198b0: 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d to use for the m\n+000198c0: 656e 7520 6974 656d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 enu item. \n 000198d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7469 746c 6573 titles\n-000198f0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 645f .. selected_\n-00019900: 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 item_color \n-00019910: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2074 The color t\n-00019920: 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 o use for the se\n-00019930: 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lected. \n+000198e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7469 746c titl\n+000198f0: 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 es.. selecte\n+00019900: 645f 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 d_item_color \n+00019910: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 The color\n+00019920: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 to use for the \n+00019930: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 selected. \n 00019940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 menu i\n-00019960: 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 tem, or \"inherit\n-00019970: 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" (the. \n+00019950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 menu\n+00019960: 2069 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 item, or \"inher\n+00019970: 6974 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 it\" (the. \n 00019980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c defaul\n-000199a0: 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 6d5f t) to use \"item_\n-000199b0: 636f 6c6f 7222 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 color\" for. \n+00019990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 defa\n+000199a0: 756c 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 ult) to use \"ite\n+000199b0: 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7222 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 m_color\" for. \n 000199c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000199d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 th\n-000199e0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 206d 656e 7520 e selected menu \n-000199f0: 6974 656d 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a 2020 item as well.. \n-00019a00: 2020 2069 636f 6e5f 7769 6474 6820 2020 icon_width \n+000199d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000199e0: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 206d 656e the selected men\n+000199f0: 7520 6974 656d 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a u item as well..\n+00019a00: 2020 2020 2069 636f 6e5f 7769 6474 6820 icon_width \n 00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a20: 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 6d65 The width of me\n-00019a30: 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 nu item icons.. \n-00019a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019a20: 2020 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 The width of \n+00019a30: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e menu item icons.\n+00019a40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a60: 2020 4963 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7363 616c Icons are scal\n-00019a70: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 ed to the specif\n-00019a80: 6965 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ied. \n+00019a60: 2020 2020 4963 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7363 Icons are sc\n+00019a70: 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7370 6563 aled to the spec\n+00019a80: 6966 6965 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ified. \n 00019a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 size.. \n-00019ab0: 2020 6963 6f6e 5f68 6569 6768 7420 2020 icon_height \n+00019aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 697a 652e 0a20 size.. \n+00019ab0: 2020 2020 6963 6f6e 5f68 6569 6768 7420 icon_height \n 00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ad0: 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6d65 The height of me\n-00019ae0: 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 nu item icons.. \n-00019af0: 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f68 6569 6768 7420 item_height \n-00019b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b10: 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 The height of \n-00019b20: 6561 6368 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 each menu item i\n-00019b30: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n+00019ad0: 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 The height of \n+00019ae0: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e menu item icons.\n+00019af0: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f68 6569 6768 . item_heigh\n+00019b00: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+00019b10: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f The height o\n+00019b20: 6620 6561 6368 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d f each menu item\n+00019b30: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n 00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b50: 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 pixels.. \n-00019b60: 2020 6974 656d 5f70 6164 6469 6e67 2020 item_padding \n+00019b50: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 pixels.. \n+00019b60: 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f70 6164 6469 6e67 item_padding\n 00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b80: 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7370 The amount of sp\n-00019b90: 6163 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c 7320 746f ace in pixels to\n-00019ba0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019b80: 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 The amount of \n+00019b90: 7370 6163 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c 7320 space in pixels \n+00019ba0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n 00019bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019bc0: 2020 2020 6c65 6176 6520 6f6e 2065 6163 leave on eac\n-00019bd0: 6820 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 h side of the me\n-00019be0: 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nu. \n+00019bc0: 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6176 6520 6f6e 2065 leave on e\n+00019bd0: 6163 6820 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 ach side of the \n+00019be0: 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 menu. \n 00019bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c00: 2020 2020 2020 6974 656d 2063 6f6e 7465 item conte\n-00019c10: 6e74 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f69 nts.. item_i\n-00019c20: 636f 6e5f 7370 6163 6520 2020 2020 2020 con_space \n-00019c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7370 6163 The spac\n-00019c40: 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2069 7465 e between an ite\n-00019c50: 6d27 7320 6963 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 m's icon. \n+00019c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 656d 2063 6f6e item con\n+00019c10: 7465 6e74 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d tents.. item\n+00019c20: 5f69 636f 6e5f 7370 6163 6520 2020 2020 _icon_space \n+00019c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7370 The sp\n+00019c40: 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2069 ace between an i\n+00019c50: 7465 6d27 7320 6963 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 tem's icon. \n 00019c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 and \n-00019c80: 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 7465 7874 2c20 the title text, \n-00019c90: 696e 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 in pixels.. \n-00019ca0: 6974 656d 5f73 7061 6369 6e67 2020 2020 item_spacing \n-00019cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n-00019cc0: 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7370 6163 e amount of spac\n-00019cd0: 6520 746f 206c 6561 7665 0a20 2020 2020 e to leave. \n+00019c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e an\n+00019c80: 6420 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 7465 7874 d the title text\n+00019c90: 2c20 696e 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 , in pixels.. \n+00019ca0: 2020 6974 656d 5f73 7061 6369 6e67 2020 item_spacing \n+00019cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019cc0: 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7370 The amount of sp\n+00019cd0: 6163 6520 746f 206c 6561 7665 0a20 2020 ace to leave. \n 00019ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6265 be\n-00019d00: 7477 6565 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d73 tween menu items\n-00019d10: 2c20 696e 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 , in pixels.. \n-00019d20: 2020 6d65 6e75 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 menu_pixmap_st\n-00019d30: 796c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yle \n-00019d40: 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 The image file p\n-00019d50: 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 attern for the. \n-00019d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019d00: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 between menu ite\n+00019d10: 6d73 2c20 696e 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 ms, in pixels.. \n+00019d20: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 5f70 6978 6d61 705f menu_pixmap_\n+00019d30: 7374 796c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 style \n+00019d40: 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 The image file\n+00019d50: 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 pattern for the\n+00019d60: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019d80: 2020 6d65 6e75 2066 7261 6d65 2073 7479 menu frame sty\n-00019d90: 6c65 6420 626f 782e 2020 4578 616d 706c led box. Exampl\n-00019da0: 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:. \n+00019d80: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2066 7261 6d65 2073 menu frame s\n+00019d90: 7479 6c65 6420 626f 782e 2020 4578 616d tyled box. Exam\n+00019da0: 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ple:. \n 00019db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019dc0: 2020 2020 2020 226d 656e 755f 2a2e 706e \"menu_*.pn\n-00019dd0: 6722 2028 7468 6973 2077 696c 6c20 7573 g\" (this will us\n-00019de0: 6520 696d 6167 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e images. \n+00019dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 226d 656e 755f 2a2e \"menu_*.\n+00019dd0: 706e 6722 2028 7468 6973 2077 696c 6c20 png\" (this will \n+00019de0: 7573 6520 696d 6167 6573 0a20 2020 2020 use images. \n 00019df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 6368 such\n-00019e10: 2061 7320 226d 656e 755f 632e 706e 6722 as \"menu_c.png\"\n-00019e20: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,. \n+00019e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 su\n+00019e10: 6368 2061 7320 226d 656e 755f 632e 706e ch as \"menu_c.pn\n+00019e20: 6722 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g\",. \n 00019e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e40: 2020 2020 2022 6d65 6e75 5f77 2e70 6e67 \"menu_w.png\n-00019e50: 222c 2027 6d65 6e75 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 \", 'menu_nw.png\"\n-00019e60: 2c20 6574 632e 290a 2020 2020 2069 7465 , etc.). ite\n-00019e70: 6d5f 7069 786d 6170 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 m_pixmap_style \n-00019e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 The i\n-00019e90: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 mage file patter\n-00019ea0: 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 n for the. \n+00019e40: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6d65 6e75 5f77 2e70 \"menu_w.p\n+00019e50: 6e67 222c 2027 6d65 6e75 5f6e 772e 706e ng\", 'menu_nw.pn\n+00019e60: 6722 2c20 6574 632e 290a 2020 2020 2069 g\", etc.). i\n+00019e70: 7465 6d5f 7069 786d 6170 5f73 7479 6c65 tem_pixmap_style\n+00019e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n+00019e90: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 image file patt\n+00019ea0: 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 ern for the. \n 00019eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7465 ite\n-00019ed0: 6d20 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2e0a 2020 m styled box.. \n-00019ee0: 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d selected_item\n-00019ef0: 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 2020 _pixmap_style \n-00019f00: 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 The image file \n-00019f10: 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a pattern for the.\n-00019f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n+00019ed0: 7465 6d20 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2e0a tem styled box..\n+00019ee0: 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 selected_it\n+00019ef0: 656d 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 em_pixmap_style \n+00019f00: 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c The image fil\n+00019f10: 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 e pattern for th\n+00019f20: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 00019f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f40: 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6974 656d selected item\n-00019f50: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2073 7479 6c65 highlight style\n-00019f60: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+00019f40: 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6974 selected it\n+00019f50: 656d 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2073 7479 em highlight sty\n+00019f60: 6c65 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 led. \n 00019f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f80: 2020 2020 2062 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 box.. s\n-00019f90: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2020 2020 2020 2020 crollbar \n-00019fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f Boo\n-00019fb0: 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e64 6963 lean value indic\n-00019fc0: 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 720a 2020 ating whether. \n+00019f80: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 box.. \n+00019f90: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2020 2020 2020 scrollbar \n+00019fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 B\n+00019fb0: 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e64 oolean value ind\n+00019fc0: 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 720a icating whether.\n 00019fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ff0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 the scroll bar \n-0001a000: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 should be drawn \n-0001a010: 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n+00019ff0: 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 the scroll ba\n+0001a000: 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6472 6177 r should be draw\n+0001a010: 6e20 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n if. \n 0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a030: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 the frame \n-0001a040: 616e 6420 7468 756d 6220 7374 796c 6564 and thumb styled\n-0001a050: 2062 6f78 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 boxes. \n+0001a030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6672 616d the fram\n+0001a040: 6520 616e 6420 7468 756d 6220 7374 796c e and thumb styl\n+0001a050: 6564 2062 6f78 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ed boxes. \n 0001a060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6172 6520 636f are co\n-0001a080: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 nfigured.. s\n-0001a090: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f66 7261 6d65 2020 crollbar_frame \n-0001a0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n-0001a0b0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 image file patt\n-0001a0c0: 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 ern for the. \n+0001a070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6172 6520 are \n+0001a080: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 configured.. \n+0001a090: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f66 7261 6d65 scrollbar_frame\n+0001a0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n+0001a0b0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 he image file pa\n+0001a0c0: 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 ttern for the. \n 0001a0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 e\n-0001a0f0: 6e74 6972 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 ntire scroll bar\n-0001a100: 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 . Example:. \n+0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a0f0: 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 entire scroll b\n+0001a100: 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 ar. Example:. \n 0001a110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-0001a130: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 2a2e 706e 6722 scrollbar_*.png\"\n-0001a140: 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f . scrollbar_\n-0001a150: 7468 756d 6220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 thumb \n-0001a160: 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 The image fi\n-0001a170: 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 le pattern for t\n-0001a180: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a130: 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 2a2e 706e \"scrollbar_*.pn\n+0001a140: 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 g\". scrollba\n+0001a150: 725f 7468 756d 6220 2020 2020 2020 2020 r_thumb \n+0001a160: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 The image \n+0001a170: 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 file pattern for\n+0001a180: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1a0: 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 scroll bar\n-0001a1b0: 2074 6875 6d62 2028 7468 6520 7061 7274 thumb (the part\n-0001a1c0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+0001a1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 scroll b\n+0001a1b0: 6172 2074 6875 6d62 2028 7468 6520 7061 ar thumb (the pa\n+0001a1c0: 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 rt of the. \n 0001a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c scrol\n-0001a1f0: 6c20 6261 7220 7468 6174 206d 6f76 6573 l bar that moves\n-0001a200: 2061 7320 7363 726f 6c6c 696e 670a 2020 as scrolling. \n+0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 scr\n+0001a1f0: 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7468 6174 206d 6f76 oll bar that mov\n+0001a200: 6573 2061 7320 7363 726f 6c6c 696e 670a es as scrolling.\n 0001a210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a230: 206f 6363 7572 7329 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 occurs). Examp\n-0001a240: 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le:. \n+0001a230: 2020 206f 6363 7572 7329 2e20 2045 7861 occurs). Exa\n+0001a240: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mple:. \n 0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a260: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \"scrollba\n-0001a270: 725f 7468 756d 625f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 r_thumb_*.png\". \n-0001a280: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 scrollbar_th\n-0001a290: 756d 625f 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 2020 2020 umb_overlay \n-0001a2a0: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e If this option\n-0001a2b0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 is set to \"true\n-0001a2c0: 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \". \n+0001a260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c \"scroll\n+0001a270: 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f 2a2e 706e 6722 bar_thumb_*.png\"\n+0001a280: 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f . scrollbar_\n+0001a290: 7468 756d 625f 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 2020 thumb_overlay \n+0001a2a0: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 If this opti\n+0001a2b0: 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 on is set to \"tr\n+0001a2c0: 7565 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue\". \n 0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a2e0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7363 then the sc\n-0001a2f0: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7468 756d 6220 7369 rollbar thumb si\n-0001a300: 6465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 de. \n+0001a2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 then the \n+0001a2f0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7468 756d 6220 scrollbar thumb \n+0001a300: 7369 6465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 side. \n 0001a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a320: 2020 2020 2020 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 slices (ev\n-0001a330: 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 ery slice except\n-0001a340: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+0001a320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c 6963 6573 2028 slices (\n+0001a330: 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 every slice exce\n+0001a340: 7074 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 pt the. \n 0001a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 2073 center s\n-0001a370: 6c69 6365 2920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 726c lice) will overl\n-0001a380: 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ay the. \n+0001a360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 center\n+0001a370: 2073 6c69 6365 2920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 slice) will ove\n+0001a380: 726c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 rlay the. \n 0001a390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c scroll\n-0001a3b0: 6261 7220 6672 616d 6520 7369 6465 2073 bar frame side s\n-0001a3c0: 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e 640a 2020 2020 lices. And. \n+0001a3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f scro\n+0001a3b0: 6c6c 6261 7220 6672 616d 6520 7369 6465 llbar frame side\n+0001a3c0: 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e 640a 2020 slices. And. \n 0001a3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-0001a3f0: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 he center slice \n-0001a400: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a3f0: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n+0001a400: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e of the. \n 0001a410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c scroll\n-0001a430: 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 6361 6e20 6d6f bar_thumb can mo\n-0001a440: 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ve all the. \n+0001a420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f scro\n+0001a430: 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 6361 6e20 llbar_thumb can \n+0001a440: 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 move all the. \n 0001a450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7761 wa\n-0001a470: 7920 2866 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 y (from top to b\n-0001a480: 6f74 746f 6d29 2c20 6265 696e 670a 2020 ottom), being. \n+0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a470: 7761 7920 2866 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f way (from top to\n+0001a480: 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 2c20 6265 696e 670a bottom), being.\n 0001a490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4b0: 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 drawn on the ce\n-0001a4c0: 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 nter slice of th\n-0001a4d0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+0001a4b0: 2020 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 drawn on the \n+0001a4c0: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 center slice of \n+0001a4d0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4f0: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2066 scrollbar f\n-0001a500: 7261 6d65 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7761 7920 rame. That way \n-0001a510: 7765 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 we can. \n+0001a4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 scrollbar\n+0001a500: 2066 7261 6d65 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7761 frame. That wa\n+0001a510: 7920 7765 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 y we can. \n 0001a520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2061 make a\n-0001a540: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6974 6820 scrollbar with \n-0001a550: 726f 756e 642d 7368 6170 6564 0a20 2020 round-shaped. \n+0001a530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 make\n+0001a540: 2061 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6974 a scrollbar wit\n+0001a550: 6820 726f 756e 642d 7368 6170 6564 0a20 h round-shaped. \n 0001a560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a580: 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 edges so there w\n-0001a590: 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 on't be a free. \n-0001a5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a580: 2020 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 edges so there\n+0001a590: 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 won't be a free\n+0001a5a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a5c0: 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 space from the\n-0001a5d0: 2074 6875 6d62 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6672 thumb to the fr\n-0001a5e0: 616d 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame. \n+0001a5c0: 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 space from t\n+0001a5d0: 6865 2074 6875 6d62 2074 6f20 7468 6520 he thumb to the \n+0001a5e0: 6672 616d 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 frame. \n 0001a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a600: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e in top an\n-0001a610: 6420 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 d bottom scrollb\n-0001a620: 6172 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ar. \n+0001a600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 746f 7020 in top \n+0001a610: 616e 6420 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c and bottom scrol\n+0001a620: 6c62 6172 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lbar. \n 0001a630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a640: 2020 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 732e positions.\n-0001a650: 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6661 Default is \"fa\n-0001a660: 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c lse\".. scrol\n-0001a670: 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 2020 2020 2020 lbar_slice \n-0001a680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206d 656e The men\n-0001a690: 7520 6672 616d 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 u frame styled b\n-0001a6a0: 6f78 2773 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 ox's slice. \n+0001a640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e position\n+0001a650: 732e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 s. Default is \"\n+0001a660: 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 false\".. scr\n+0001a670: 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 2020 2020 ollbar_slice \n+0001a680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206d The m\n+0001a690: 656e 7520 6672 616d 6520 7374 796c 6564 enu frame styled\n+0001a6a0: 2062 6f78 2773 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 box's slice. \n 0001a6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e in\n-0001a6d0: 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c which the scrol\n-0001a6e0: 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 lbar will be. \n+0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a6d0: 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 2073 6372 in which the scr\n+0001a6e0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 ollbar will be. \n 0001a6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a710: 6472 6177 6e2e 2020 506f 7373 6962 6c65 drawn. Possible\n-0001a720: 2076 616c 7565 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 values are. \n+0001a710: 2020 6472 6177 6e2e 2020 506f 7373 6962 drawn. Possib\n+0001a720: 6c65 2076 616c 7565 7320 6172 650a 2020 le values are. \n 0001a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-0001a750: 7765 7374 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222c west\", \"center\",\n-0001a760: 2022 6561 7374 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 \"east\". \n+0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a750: 2022 7765 7374 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 \"west\", \"center\n+0001a760: 222c 2022 6561 7374 220a 2020 2020 2020 \", \"east\". \n 0001a770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6465 6661 (defa\n-0001a790: 756c 7429 2e20 2022 7765 7374 2220 2d20 ult). \"west\" - \n-0001a7a0: 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 the scrollbar. \n+0001a780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6465 (de\n+0001a790: 6661 756c 7429 2e20 2022 7765 7374 2220 fault). \"west\" \n+0001a7a0: 2d20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 720a - the scrollbar.\n 0001a7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a7d0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 will be drawn i\n-0001a7e0: 6e20 7468 6520 7765 7374 2073 6c69 6365 n the west slice\n-0001a7f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a7d0: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e will be drawn\n+0001a7e0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7765 7374 2073 6c69 in the west sli\n+0001a7f0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce. \n 0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a810: 2020 2020 2872 6967 6874 2d61 6c69 676e (right-align\n-0001a820: 6564 292e 2020 2265 6173 7422 202d 2074 ed). \"east\" - t\n-0001a830: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+0001a810: 2020 2020 2020 2872 6967 6874 2d61 6c69 (right-ali\n+0001a820: 676e 6564 292e 2020 2265 6173 7422 202d gned). \"east\" -\n+0001a830: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a850: 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 scrollbar \n-0001a860: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 696e will be drawn in\n-0001a870: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+0001a850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 scrollba\n+0001a860: 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 r will be drawn \n+0001a870: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n 0001a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6561 7374 2073 6c69 east sli\n-0001a8a0: 6365 2028 6c65 6674 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 ce (left-aligned\n-0001a8b0: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).. \n+0001a890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6561 7374 2073 east s\n+0001a8a0: 6c69 6365 2028 6c65 6674 2d61 6c69 676e lice (left-align\n+0001a8b0: 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed).. \n 0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 202d \"center\" -\n-0001a8e0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 the scrollbar w\n-0001a8f0: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill be. \n+0001a8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 \"center\"\n+0001a8e0: 202d 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 - the scrollbar\n+0001a8f0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n 0001a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e20 drawn \n-0001a920: 696e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c in the center sl\n-0001a930: 6963 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a0a 2020 2020 ice. Note:. \n+0001a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 draw\n+0001a920: 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 n in the center \n+0001a930: 736c 6963 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a0a 2020 slice. Note:. \n 0001a940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n-0001a960: 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 2263 656e 7465 n case of \"cente\n-0001a970: 7222 2073 6c69 6365 3a20 6129 2049 660a r\" slice: a) If.\n-0001a980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a960: 2069 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 2263 656e in case of \"cen\n+0001a970: 7465 7222 2073 6c69 6365 3a20 6129 2049 ter\" slice: a) I\n+0001a980: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f. \n 0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9a0: 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 the scrollbar\n-0001a9b0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2064 7261 776e should be drawn\n-0001a9c0: 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 then. \n+0001a9a0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 the scrollb\n+0001a9b0: 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2064 7261 ar should be dra\n+0001a9c0: 776e 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 wn then. \n 0001a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 boot me\n-0001a9f0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 nu entry's width\n-0001aa00: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 is. \n+0001a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 boot \n+0001a9f0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2773 2077 6964 menu entry's wid\n+0001aa00: 7468 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 th is. \n 0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa20: 2020 2020 2020 2064 6563 7265 6173 6564 decreased\n-0001aa30: 2062 7920 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 by the scrollba\n-0001aa40: 7227 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 r's width. \n+0001aa20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6563 7265 6173 decreas\n+0001aa30: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c ed by the scroll\n+0001aa40: 6261 7227 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 bar's width. \n 0001aa50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 and\n-0001aa70: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2069 the scrollbar i\n-0001aa80: 7320 6472 6177 6e20 6174 2074 6865 0a20 s drawn at the. \n-0001aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 a\n+0001aa70: 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 nd the scrollbar\n+0001aa80: 2069 7320 6472 6177 6e20 6174 2074 6865 is drawn at the\n+0001aa90: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aab0: 2020 7269 6768 7420 7369 6465 206f 6620 right side of \n-0001aac0: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 the center slice\n-0001aad0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n+0001aab0: 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 7369 6465 206f right side o\n+0001aac0: 6620 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 f the center sli\n+0001aad0: 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce.. \n 0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aaf0: 2020 2020 2062 2920 4966 2074 6865 2073 b) If the s\n-0001ab00: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 crollbar won't b\n-0001ab10: 6520 6472 6177 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e drawn. \n+0001aaf0: 2020 2020 2020 2062 2920 4966 2074 6865 b) If the\n+0001ab00: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6f6e 2774 scrollbar won't\n+0001ab10: 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 be drawn. \n 0001ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 then \n-0001ab40: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 656e the boot menu en\n-0001ab50: 7472 7927 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 try's width. \n+0001ab30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n+0001ab40: 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 n the boot menu \n+0001ab50: 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 entry's width. \n 0001ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n-0001ab80: 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 s the width of t\n-0001ab90: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e he center slice.\n-0001aba0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ab80: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 is the width of\n+0001ab90: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n+0001aba0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e.. \n 0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abc0: 2020 2020 6329 2057 6520 646f 6e27 7420 c) We don't \n-0001abd0: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 6e65 6564 2074 necessary need t\n-0001abe0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+0001abc0: 2020 2020 2020 6329 2057 6520 646f 6e27 c) We don'\n+0001abd0: 7420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 6e65 6564 t necessary need\n+0001abe0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac00: 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2070 6978 6d61 menu pixma\n-0001ac10: 7020 626f 7820 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 p box to display\n-0001ac20: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+0001ac00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2070 6978 menu pix\n+0001ac10: 6d61 7020 626f 7820 746f 2064 6973 706c map box to displ\n+0001ac20: 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ay the. \n 0001ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 scrollba\n-0001ac50: 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 r.. scrollba\n-0001ac60: 725f 6c65 6674 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 r_left_pad \n-0001ac70: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6674 2073 The left s\n-0001ac80: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 crollbar padding\n-0001ac90: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n+0001ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c scroll\n+0001ac50: 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c bar.. scroll\n+0001ac60: 6261 725f 6c65 6674 5f70 6164 2020 2020 bar_left_pad \n+0001ac70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6674 The left\n+0001ac80: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 scrollbar paddi\n+0001ac90: 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng in. \n 0001aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001acb0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 2020 pixels. \n-0001acc0: 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 Unused if. \n+0001acb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e pixels.\n+0001acc0: 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 Unused if. \n 0001acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 \"sc\n-0001acf0: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 rollbar_slice\" i\n-0001ad00: 7320 2277 6573 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 s \"west\".. s\n-0001ad10: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f72 6967 6874 5f70 crollbar_right_p\n-0001ad20: 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 ad The\n-0001ad30: 2072 6967 6874 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 right scrollbar\n-0001ad40: 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 padding in. \n+0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+0001acf0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 scrollbar_slice\"\n+0001ad00: 2069 7320 2277 6573 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 is \"west\".. \n+0001ad10: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 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Unused\n+0001ad80: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n 0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ada0: 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f \"scrollbar_\n-0001adb0: 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 2265 6173 7422 slice\" is \"east\"\n-0001adc0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 .. scrollbar\n-0001add0: 5f74 6f70 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 _top_pad \n-0001ade0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 6f70 2073 6372 The top scr\n-0001adf0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 ollbar padding i\n-0001ae00: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n+0001ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \"scrollba\n+0001adb0: 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 2265 6173 r_slice\" is \"eas\n+0001adc0: 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 t\".. scrollb\n+0001add0: 6172 5f74 6f70 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 ar_top_pad \n+0001ade0: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 6f70 2073 The top s\n+0001adf0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 crollbar padding\n+0001ae00: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n 0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae20: 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 pixels.. \n-0001ae30: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 626f 7474 scrollbar_bott\n-0001ae40: 6f6d 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 om_pad \n-0001ae50: 5468 6520 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c The bottom scrol\n-0001ae60: 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a lbar padding in.\n-0001ae70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ae20: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 pixels.. \n+0001ae30: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 626f scrollbar_bo\n+0001ae40: 7474 6f6d 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 ttom_pad \n+0001ae50: 2020 5468 6520 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 The bottom scr\n+0001ae60: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 ollbar padding i\n+0001ae70: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n 0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae90: 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 pixels.. \n-0001aea0: 7669 7369 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 visible \n-0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 Se\n-0001aec0: 7420 746f 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2074 6f20 t to \"false\" to \n-0001aed0: 6869 6465 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 hide the boot. \n+0001ae90: 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 pixels.. \n+0001aea0: 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 visible \n+0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aec0: 5365 7420 746f 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2074 Set to \"false\" t\n+0001aed0: 6f20 6869 6465 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 740a o hide the boot.\n 0001aee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001af00: 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 menu... ... c\n-0001af10: 616e 7661 7320 4361 6e76 6173 2069 7320 anvas Canvas is \n-0001af20: 6120 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 7468 6174 a container that\n-0001af30: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2070 allows manual p\n-0001af40: 6c61 6365 6d65 6e74 206f 660a 2020 2020 lacement of. \n-0001af50: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7769 7468 components with\n-0001af60: 696e 2069 742e 2020 4974 2064 6f65 7320 in it. It does \n-0001af70: 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 7220 7468 6520 706f not alter the po\n-0001af80: 7369 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2063 sitions of its c\n-0001af90: 6869 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e hild. compon\n-0001afa0: 656e 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6173 7369 676e ents. It assign\n-0001afb0: 7320 616c 6c20 6368 696c 6420 636f 6d70 s all child comp\n-0001afc0: 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6865 6972 2070 7265 onents their pre\n-0001afd0: 6665 7272 6564 2073 697a 6573 2e0a 0a20 ferred sizes... \n-0001afe0: 2020 e280 a220 6862 6f78 2054 6865 202a ... hbox The *\n-0001aff0: 6862 6f78 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 hbox* container \n-0001b000: 6c61 7973 206f 7574 2069 7473 2063 6869 lays out its chi\n-0001b010: 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 6f6d 206c 6566 7420 ldren from left \n-0001b020: 746f 2072 6967 6874 2c0a 2020 2020 2067 to right,. g\n-0001b030: 6976 696e 6720 6561 6368 206f 6e65 2069 iving each one i\n-0001b040: 7473 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 ts preferred wid\n-0001b050: 7468 2e20 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 th. The height \n-0001b060: 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6368 696c 6420 6973 of each child is\n-0001b070: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 . set to the\n-0001b080: 206d 6178 696d 756d 206f 6620 7468 6520 maximum of the \n-0001b090: 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 6865 6967 6874 preferred height\n-0001b0a0: 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 s of all childre\n-0001b0b0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2076 626f 7820 n... ... vbox \n-0001b0c0: 5468 6520 2a76 626f 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 The *vbox* conta\n-0001b0d0: 696e 6572 206c 6179 7320 6f75 7420 6974 iner lays out it\n-0001b0e0: 7320 6368 696c 6472 656e 2066 726f 6d20 s children from \n-0001b0f0: 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d2c 0a20 top to bottom,. \n-0001b100: 2020 2020 6769 7669 6e67 2065 6163 6820 giving each \n-0001b110: 6f6e 6520 6974 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 one its preferre\n-0001b120: 6420 6865 6967 6874 2e20 2054 6865 2077 d height. 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The distan\n-0001b2f0: 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6c65 6674 ce from the left\n-0001b300: 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2063 6f6e 7461 border of conta\n-0001b310: 696e 6572 2074 6f20 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 iner to left bor\n-0001b320: 6465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 der of. the \n-0001b330: 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 object in same f\n-0001b340: 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 7769 6474 68e2 ormat.....width.\n-0001b350: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 ... The widt\n-0001b360: 6820 6f66 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 h of object in s\n-0001b370: 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a e280 9868 ame format.....h\n-0001b380: 6569 6768 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 eight.... Th\n-0001b390: 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 e height of obje\n-0001b3a0: 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 ct in same forma\n-0001b3b0: 742e 0ae2 8098 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 t.....id.... \n-0001b3c0: 2054 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 The identifier \n-0001b3d0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e for the componen\n-0001b3e0: 742e 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 t. This can be \n-0001b3f0: 616e 7920 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a 2020 any arbitrary. \n-0001b400: 2020 2073 7472 696e 672e 2020 5468 6520 string. The \n-0001b410: 4944 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 ID can be used b\n-0001b420: 7920 7363 7269 7074 7320 746f 2072 6566 y scripts to ref\n-0001b430: 6572 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6f75 730a 2020 er to various. \n-0001b440: 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 696e components in\n-0001b450: 2074 6865 2047 5549 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 the GUI compone\n-0001b460: 6e74 2074 7265 652e 2020 4375 7272 656e nt tree. 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Affected \n-0001b570: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 components:. \n+0001af00: 2020 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 menu... ...\n+0001af10: 2063 616e 7661 7320 4361 6e76 6173 2069 canvas Canvas i\n+0001af20: 7320 6120 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 7468 s a container th\n+0001af30: 6174 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d61 6e75 616c at allows manual\n+0001af40: 2070 6c61 6365 6d65 6e74 206f 660a 2020 placement of. \n+0001af50: 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7769 components wi\n+0001af60: 7468 696e 2069 742e 2020 4974 2064 6f65 thin it. It doe\n+0001af70: 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 7220 7468 6520 s not alter the \n+0001af80: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2069 7473 positions of its\n+0001af90: 2063 6869 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 child. comp\n+0001afa0: 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6173 7369 onents. 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The wi\n+0001b360: 6474 6820 6f66 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e dth of object in\n+0001b370: 2073 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a e280 same format....\n+0001b380: 9868 6569 6768 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .height.... \n+0001b390: 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6f62 The height of ob\n+0001b3a0: 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 ject in same for\n+0001b3b0: 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 6964 e280 990a 2020 mat.....id.... \n+0001b3c0: 2020 2054 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 The identifie\n+0001b3d0: 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e r for the compon\n+0001b3e0: 656e 742e 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 ent. This can b\n+0001b3f0: 6520 616e 7920 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a e any arbitrary.\n+0001b400: 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e 672e 2020 5468 string. Th\n+0001b410: 6520 4944 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 e ID can be used\n+0001b420: 2062 7920 7363 7269 7074 7320 746f 2072 by scripts to r\n+0001b430: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6f75 730a efer to various.\n+0001b440: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 components \n+0001b450: 696e 2074 6865 2047 5549 2063 6f6d 706f in the GUI compo\n+0001b460: 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 652e 2020 4375 7272 nent tree. Curr\n+0001b470: 656e 746c 792c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 ently, there is \n+0001b480: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 616c one. special\n+0001b490: 2049 4420 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2047 ID value that G\n+0001b4a0: 5255 4220 7265 636f 676e 697a 6573 3a0a RUB recognizes:.\n+0001b4b0: 0a20 2020 2020 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 . \"__timeout\n+0001b4c0: 5f5f 2220 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 __\" Component w\n+0001b4d0: 6974 6820 7468 6973 2049 4420 7769 6c6c ith this ID will\n+0001b4e0: 2062 6520 7570 6461 7465 6420 6279 2047 be updated by G\n+0001b4f0: 5255 420a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 RUB. \n+0001b500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 7769 6c6c and will\n+0001b510: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 7469 6d65 2065 indicate time e\n+0001b520: 6c61 7073 6564 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 lapsed to an aut\n+0001b530: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 omatical. \n+0001b540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f boo\n+0001b550: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 t of the default\n+0001b560: 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2041 6666 6563 7465 entry. Affecte\n+0001b570: 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 3a0a 2020 d components:. \n 0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001b590: 226c 6162 656c 222c 2022 6369 7263 756c \"label\", \"circul\n-0001b5a0: 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7322 2c20 2270 ar_progress\", \"p\n-0001b5b0: 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 7222 2e0a 0a1f rogress_bar\"....\n-0001b5c0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0001b5d0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b , Node: Network\n-0001b5e0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 , Next: Serial \n-0001b5f0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a terminal, Prev:\n-0001b600: 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d Theme file form\n-0001b610: 6174 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3820 at, Up: Top..8 \n-0001b620: 426f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 2066 726f Booting GRUB fro\n-0001b630: 6d20 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a2a m the network.**\n+0001b590: 2020 226c 6162 656c 222c 2022 6369 7263 \"label\", \"circ\n+0001b5a0: 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7322 2c20 ular_progress\", \n+0001b5b0: 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 7222 2e0a \"progress_bar\"..\n+0001b5c0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0001b5d0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 776f fo, Node: Netwo\n+0001b5e0: 726b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6572 6961 rk, Next: Seria\n+0001b5f0: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 2050 7265 l terminal, Pre\n+0001b600: 763a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f v: Theme file fo\n+0001b610: 726d 6174 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a rmat, Up: Top..\n+0001b620: 3820 426f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 2066 8 Booting GRUB f\n+0001b630: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a rom the network.\n 0001b640: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 *************..T\n-0001b660: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 6e73 he following ins\n-0001b670: 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 6e27 7420 tructions don't \n-0001b680: 776f 726b 2066 6f72 202a 2d65 6d75 2c20 work for *-emu, \n-0001b690: 6933 3836 2d71 656d 752c 0a69 3338 362d i386-qemu,.i386-\n-0001b6a0: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d coreboot, i386-m\n-0001b6b0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 6d69 7073 5f6c ultiboot, mips_l\n-0001b6c0: 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e2c 206d 6970 732d 6172 oongson, mips-ar\n-0001b6d0: 6320 616e 640a 6d69 7073 5f71 656d 755f c and.mips_qemu_\n-0001b6e0: 6d69 7073 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6765 6e65 mips.. To gene\n-0001b6f0: 7261 7465 2061 206e 6574 626f 6f74 6162 rate a netbootab\n-0001b700: 6c65 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 7275 le directory, ru\n-0001b710: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b n:.. grub-mk\n-0001b720: 6e65 7464 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 netdir --net-dir\n-0001b730: 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 7470 ectory=/srv/tftp\n-0001b740: 202d 2d73 7562 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f --subdir=/boot/\n-0001b750: 6772 7562 202d 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 grub -d /usr/lib\n-0001b760: 2f67 7275 622f 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e /grub/\n-0001b770: 0a0a 2020 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2069 .. E.g. for i\n-0001b780: 3338 362d 7063 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 386-pc:.. gr\n-0001b790: 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 ub-mknetdir --ne\n-0001b7a0: 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 t-directory=/srv\n-0001b7b0: 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 3d2f /tftp --subdir=/\n-0001b7c0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6220 2d64 202f 7573 boot/grub -d /us\n-0001b7d0: 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d r/lib/grub/i386-\n-0001b7e0: 7063 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 666f 6c6c pc.. Then foll\n-0001b7f0: 6f77 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 ow instructions \n-0001b800: 7072 696e 7465 6420 6f75 7420 6279 2067 printed out by g\n-0001b810: 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 206f 6e20 rub-mknetdir on \n-0001b820: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 696e 670a 796f 7572 configuring.your\n-0001b830: 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2e0a 0a20 DHCP server... \n-0001b840: 2020 5468 6520 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2066 The grub.cfg f\n-0001b850: 696c 6520 6973 2070 6c61 6365 6420 696e ile is placed in\n-0001b860: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 7265 6374 the same direct\n-0001b870: 6f72 7920 6173 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 ory as the path \n-0001b880: 6f75 7470 7574 0a62 7920 6772 7562 2d6d output.by grub-m\n-0001b890: 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 6865 7265 6166 7465 knetdir hereafte\n-0001b8a0: 7220 7265 6665 7272 6564 2074 6f20 6173 r referred to as\n-0001b8b0: 2046 5750 4154 482e 2047 5255 4220 7769 FWPATH. GRUB wi\n-0001b8c0: 6c6c 2073 6561 7263 6820 666f 720a 6974 ll search for.it\n-0001b8d0: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 s configuration \n-0001b8e0: 6669 6c65 7320 696e 206f 7264 6572 2075 files in order u\n-0001b8f0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 sing the followi\n-0001b900: 6e67 2072 756c 6573 2077 6865 7265 2074 ng rules where t\n-0001b910: 6865 0a61 7070 656e 6465 6420 7661 6c75 he.appended valu\n-0001b920: 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f e corresponds to\n-0001b930: 2061 2076 616c 7565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 a value on the \n-0001b940: 636c 6965 6e74 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e0a client machine..\n-0001b950: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n-0001b960: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d e280 ).../grub.cfg-..\n-0001b970: 9828 5555 4944 204f 4620 4d41 4348 494e .(UUID OF MACHIN\n-0001b980: 4529 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 E).... ...(F\n-0001b990: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n-0001b9a0: 6667 2de2 8098 284d 4143 2041 4444 5245 fg-...(MAC ADDRE\n-0001b9b0: 5353 204f 4620 4e49 4329 e280 990a 2020 SS OF NIC).... \n-0001b9c0: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n-0001b9d0: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 2849 ./grub.cfg-...(I\n-0001b9e0: 5076 3420 4f52 2049 5076 3620 4144 4452 Pv4 OR IPv6 ADDR\n-0001b9f0: 4553 5329 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ESS).... ...\n-0001ba00: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n-0001ba10: 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2055 5549 .cfg.. The UUI\n-0001ba20: 4420 6973 2074 6865 2043 6c69 656e 7420 D is the Client \n-0001ba30: 4d61 6368 696e 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 Machine Identifi\n-0001ba40: 6572 204f 7074 696f 6e20 4465 6669 6e69 er Option Defini\n-0001ba50: 7469 6f6e 2061 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 tion as.specifie\n-0001ba60: 6420 696e 2052 4643 2034 3537 382e 2020 d in RFC 4578. \n-0001ba70: 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 The client will \n-0001ba80: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 only attempt to \n-0001ba90: 6c6f 6f75 6b20 7570 2061 2055 5549 440a loouk up a UUID.\n-0001baa0: 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 6966 2069 config file if i\n-0001bab0: 7420 7761 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 t was provided b\n-0001bac0: 7920 7468 6520 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 y the DHCP serve\n-0001bad0: 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e r... The clien\n-0001bae0: 7420 7769 6c6c 206f 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 t will only atte\n-0001baf0: 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f6f 6b20 7570 2061 mpt to look up a\n-0001bb00: 6e20 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 n IPv6 address c\n-0001bb10: 6f6e 6669 6720 6f6e 6365 2c0a 686f 7765 onfig once,.howe\n-0001bb20: 7665 722c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 ver, it will try\n-0001bb30: 2074 6865 2049 5076 3420 6d75 6c74 6970 the IPv4 multip\n-0001bb40: 6c65 2074 696d 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2063 le times. The c\n-0001bb50: 6f6e 6372 6574 6520 6578 616d 706c 650a oncrete example.\n-0001bb60: 6265 6c6f 7720 7368 6f77 7320 7768 6174 below shows what\n-0001bb70: 2077 6f75 6c64 2068 6170 7065 6e20 756e would happen un\n-0001bb80: 6465 7220 7468 6520 4950 7634 2063 6173 der the IPv4 cas\n-0001bb90: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 5549 443a 2037 e... UUID: 7\n-0001bba0: 3732 3661 3637 382d 3766 6330 2d34 3835 726a678-7fc0-485\n-0001bbb0: 332d 6134 6636 2d63 3835 6163 3336 6131 3-a4f6-c85ac36a1\n-0001bbc0: 3230 610a 2020 2020 204d 4143 3a20 2035 20a. MAC: 5\n-0001bbd0: 323a 3534 3a30 303a 6563 3a33 333a 3831 2:54:00:ec:33:81\n-0001bbe0: 0a20 2020 2020 4950 5634 3a20 3130 2e30 . IPV4: 10.0\n-0001bbf0: 2e30 2e31 3330 2028 3041 3030 3030 3832 .0.130 (0A000082\n-0001bc00: 290a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 ).. ...(FWPA\n-0001bc10: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n-0001bc20: 3737 3236 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 7726a678-7fc0-48\n-0001bc30: 3533 2d61 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 53-a4f6-c85ac36a\n-0001bc40: 3132 3061 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 120a. ...(FW\n-0001bc50: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n-0001bc60: 672d 3532 2d35 342d 3030 2d65 632d 3333 g-52-54-00-ec-33\n-0001bc70: 2d38 310a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 -81. ...(FWP\n-0001bc80: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n-0001bc90: 2d30 4130 3030 3038 320a 2020 2020 20e2 -0A000082. .\n-0001bca0: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n-0001bcb0: 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 0a20 ub.cfg-0A00008. \n-0001bcc0: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n-0001bcd0: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 ../grub.cfg-0A00\n-0001bce0: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 00. ...(FWPA\n-0001bcf0: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n-0001bd00: 3041 3030 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 0A000. ...(F\n-0001bd10: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n-0001bd20: 6667 2d30 4130 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 fg-0A00. ...\n-0001bd30: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n-0001bd40: 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 0a20 2020 2020 e280 .cfg-0A0. ..\n-0001bd50: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n-0001bd60: 622e 6366 672d 3041 0a20 2020 2020 e280 b.cfg-0A. ..\n-0001bd70: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n-0001bd80: 622e 6366 672d 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 b.cfg-0. ...\n-0001bd90: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n-0001bda0: 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6665 .cfg.. This fe\n-0001bdb0: 6174 7572 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 ature is enabled\n-0001bdc0: 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6275 7420 by default but \n-0001bdd0: 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c it can be disabl\n-0001bde0: 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 ed by setting.th\n-0001bdf0: 6520 e280 9866 6561 7475 7265 5f6e 6574 e ...feature_net\n-0001be00: 5f73 6561 7263 685f 6366 67e2 8099 2074 _search_cfg... t\n-0001be10: 6f20 e280 986e e280 992e 2020 5369 6e63 o ...n.... Sinc\n-0001be20: 6520 7468 6973 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2062 e this happens b\n-0001be30: 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a 636f 6e66 6967 efore the.config\n-0001be40: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 7320 uration file is \n-0001be50: 7265 6164 2062 7920 4752 5542 2c20 7468 read by GRUB, th\n-0001be60: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6861 7320 746f is option has to\n-0001be70: 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2069 6e20 be disabled in \n-0001be80: 616e 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 an.embedded conf\n-0001be90: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 iguration file (\n-0001bea0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 *note Embedded c\n-0001beb0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e onfiguration::).\n-0001bec0: 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 .. After GRUB \n-0001bed0: 6861 7320 7374 6172 7465 642c 2066 696c has started, fil\n-0001bee0: 6573 206f 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 2073 es on the TFTP s\n-0001bef0: 6572 7665 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6163 erver will be ac\n-0001bf00: 6365 7373 6962 6c65 0a76 6961 2074 6865 cessible.via the\n-0001bf10: 20e2 8098 2874 6674 7029 e280 9920 6465 ...(tftp)... de\n-0001bf20: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7365 vice... The se\n-0001bf30: 7276 6572 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 rver IP address \n-0001bf40: 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 can be controlle\n-0001bf50: 6420 6279 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 d by changing th\n-0001bf60: 6520 e280 9828 7466 7470 29e2 8099 0a64 e ...(tftp)....d\n-0001bf70: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 e280 evice name to ..\n-0001bf80: 9828 7466 7470 2c53 4552 5645 522d 4950 .(tftp,SERVER-IP\n-0001bf90: 29e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 ).... Note that\n-0001bfa0: 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 this should be \n-0001bfb0: 6368 616e 6765 640a 626f 7468 2069 6e20 changed.both in \n-0001bfc0: 7468 6520 7072 6566 6978 2061 6e64 2069 the prefix and i\n-0001bfd0: 6e20 616e 7920 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6573 n any references\n-0001bfe0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e to the device n\n-0001bff0: 616d 6520 696e 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 ame in the.confi\n-0001c000: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 0a0a guration file...\n-0001c010: 2020 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 GRUB provides\n-0001c020: 2073 6576 6572 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e several environ\n-0001c030: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 ment variables w\n-0001c040: 6869 6368 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 hich may be used\n-0001c050: 2074 6f0a 696e 7370 6563 7420 6f72 2063 to.inspect or c\n-0001c060: 6861 6e67 6520 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 hange the behavi\n-0001c070: 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2050 5845 2064 our of the PXE d\n-0001c080: 6576 6963 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2066 evice. In the f\n-0001c090: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a64 6573 6372 6970 ollowing.descrip\n-0001c0a0: 7469 6f6e 203c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e tion \n-0001c0b0: 2069 7320 706c 6163 6568 6f6c 6465 7220 is placeholder \n-0001c0c0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 for the name of \n-0001c0d0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 network interfac\n-0001c0e0: 650a 2870 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6465 7065 e.(platform depe\n-0001c0f0: 6e64 656e 7429 3a0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f ndent):.....net_\n-0001c100: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 e280 _ip..\n-0001c110: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f .. The netwo\n-0001c120: 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 2049 rk interface's I\n-0001c130: 5020 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 6164 P address. Read\n-0001c140: 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c -only......net_<\n-0001c150: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 e280 INTERFACE>_mac..\n-0001c160: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f .. The netwo\n-0001c170: 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d rk interface's M\n-0001c180: 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 AC address. Rea\n-0001c190: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n-0001c1a0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n-0001c1b0: 6e74 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ntid.... The\n-0001c1c0: 2063 6c69 656e 7420 6964 2070 726f 7669 client id provi\n-0001c1d0: 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 ded by DHCP. Rea\n-0001c1e0: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n-0001c1f0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n-0001c200: 6e74 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ntuuid.... T\n-0001c210: 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7575 6964 2070 he client uuid p\n-0001c220: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e rovided by DHCP.\n-0001c230: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n-0001c240: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-0001c250: 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 hostname.... \n-0001c260: 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 686f 7374 The client host\n-0001c270: 206e 616d 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 name provided b\n-0001c280: 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c y DHCP. Read-onl\n-0001c290: 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 y......net__domain...\n-0001c2b0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 . The client\n-0001c2c0: 2064 6f6d 6169 6e20 6e61 6d65 2070 726f domain name pro\n-0001c2d0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 vided by DHCP. R\n-0001c2e0: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n-0001c2f0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f t__ro\n-0001c300: 6f74 7061 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 otpath.... T\n-0001c310: 6865 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 he path to the c\n-0001c320: 6c69 656e 7427 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6973 lient's root dis\n-0001c330: 6b20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 k provided by DH\n-0001c340: 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a CP. Read-only...\n-0001c350: e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 ...net__extensionspat\n-0001c370: 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7061 h.... The pa\n-0001c380: 7468 2074 6f20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c th to additional\n-0001c390: 2044 4843 5020 7665 6e64 6f72 2065 7874 DHCP vendor ext\n-0001c3a0: 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 ensions provided\n-0001c3b0: 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 by DHCP.. R\n-0001c3c0: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n-0001c3d0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f t__bo\n-0001c3e0: 6f74 5f66 696c 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ot_file.... \n-0001c3f0: 5468 6520 626f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 6e61 The boot file na\n-0001c400: 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 me provided by D\n-0001c410: 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a HCP. Read-only..\n-0001c420: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__dhcp_server_\n-0001c440: 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 name.... The\n-0001c450: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2044 4843 name of the DHC\n-0001c460: 5020 7365 7276 6572 2072 6573 706f 6e73 P server respons\n-0001c470: 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2062 ible for these b\n-0001c480: 6f6f 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a oot parameters..\n-0001c490: 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a Read-only..\n-0001c4a0: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__next_server.\n-0001c4c0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 4950 2061 ... The IP a\n-0001c4d0: 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e65 ddress of the ne\n-0001c4e0: 7874 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2054 4654 xt (usually, TFT\n-0001c4f0: 5029 2073 6572 7665 7220 7072 6f76 6964 P) server provid\n-0001c500: 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 ed by DHCP.. \n-0001c510: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n-0001c520: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 net_default_inte\n-0001c530: 7266 6163 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e rface.... In\n-0001c540: 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 746f 206e itially set to n\n-0001c550: 616d 6520 6f66 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 ame of network i\n-0001c560: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2074 6861 7420 7761 nterface that wa\n-0001c570: 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 s used to load. \n-0001c580: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2e20 2052 6561 642d grub. Read-\n-0001c590: 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 write, although \n-0001c5a0: 7365 7474 696e 6720 6974 2061 6666 6563 setting it affec\n-0001c5b0: 7473 206f 6e6c 7920 696e 7465 7270 7265 ts only interpre\n-0001c5c0: 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 tation. of .\n-0001c5d0: 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 ..net_default_ip\n-0001c5e0: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986e 6574 5f64 ... and ...net_d\n-0001c5f0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 0ae2 efault_mac......\n-0001c600: 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 ..net_default_ip\n-0001c610: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2049 5020 .... The IP \n-0001c620: 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2064 6566 6175 address of defau\n-0001c630: 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 2052 lt interface. R\n-0001c640: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ead-only. This \n-0001c650: 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 is alias for. \n-0001c660: 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e the ...net_${n\n-0001c670: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 et_default_inter\n-0001c680: 6661 6365 7d5f 6970 e280 992e 0a0a e280 face}_ip........\n-0001c690: 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 .net_default_mac\n-0001c6a0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 .... The def\n-0001c6b0: 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 ault interface's\n-0001c6c0: 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 MAC address. R\n-0001c6d0: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ead-only. This \n-0001c6e0: 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 is alias for. \n-0001c6f0: 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e the ...net_${n\n-0001c700: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 et_default_inter\n-0001c710: 6661 6365 7d5f 6d61 63e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 face}_mac.......\n-0001c720: 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 ..net_default_se\n-0001c730: 7276 6572 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 rver.... The\n-0001c740: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6572 7665 7220 default server \n-0001c750: 7573 6564 2062 7920 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 used by network \n-0001c760: 6472 6976 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 drives (*note De\n-0001c770: 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e0a vice syntax::)..\n-0001c780: 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c Read-write,\n-0001c790: 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e although settin\n-0001c7a0: 6720 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 g this is only u\n-0001c7b0: 7365 6675 6c20 6265 666f 7265 206f 7065 seful before ope\n-0001c7c0: 6e69 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7477 ning a. netw\n-0001c7d0: 6f72 6b20 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ork device.....F\n-0001c7e0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0001c7f0: 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 Node: Serial te\n-0001c800: 726d 696e 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2056 rminal, Next: V\n-0001c810: 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b endor power-on k\n-0001c820: 6579 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 eys, Prev: Netw\n-0001c830: 6f72 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 ork, Up: Top..9\n-0001c840: 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7669 6120 Using GRUB via \n-0001c850: 6120 7365 7269 616c 206c 696e 650a 2a2a a serial line.**\n+0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+0001b660: 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 .The following i\n+0001b670: 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 6e27 nstructions don'\n+0001b680: 7420 776f 726b 2066 6f72 202a 2d65 6d75 t work for *-emu\n+0001b690: 2c20 6933 3836 2d71 656d 752c 0a69 3338 , i386-qemu,.i38\n+0001b6a0: 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 6-coreboot, i386\n+0001b6b0: 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 6d69 7073 -multiboot, mips\n+0001b6c0: 5f6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e2c 206d 6970 732d _loongson, mips-\n+0001b6d0: 6172 6320 616e 640a 6d69 7073 5f71 656d arc and.mips_qem\n+0001b6e0: 755f 6d69 7073 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6765 u_mips.. To ge\n+0001b6f0: 6e65 7261 7465 2061 206e 6574 626f 6f74 nerate a netboot\n+0001b700: 6162 6c65 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 able directory, \n+0001b710: 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d run:.. grub-\n+0001b720: 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 mknetdir --net-d\n+0001b730: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 irectory=/srv/tf\n+0001b740: 7470 202d 2d73 7562 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f tp --subdir=/boo\n+0001b750: 742f 6772 7562 202d 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c t/grub -d /usr/l\n+0001b760: 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 ib/grub/.. E.g. for\n+0001b780: 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 i386-pc:.. \n+0001b790: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 2d2d grub-mknetdir --\n+0001b7a0: 6e65 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 net-directory=/s\n+0001b7b0: 7276 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 rv/tftp --subdir\n+0001b7c0: 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6220 2d64 202f =/boot/grub -d /\n+0001b7d0: 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 usr/lib/grub/i38\n+0001b7e0: 362d 7063 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 666f 6-pc.. Then fo\n+0001b7f0: 6c6c 6f77 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e llow instruction\n+0001b800: 7320 7072 696e 7465 6420 6f75 7420 6279 s printed out by\n+0001b810: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 206f grub-mknetdir o\n+0001b820: 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 696e 670a 796f n configuring.yo\n+0001b830: 7572 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2e0a ur DHCP server..\n+0001b840: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6772 7562 2e63 6667 . The grub.cfg\n+0001b850: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 6c61 6365 6420 file is placed \n+0001b860: 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 7265 in the same dire\n+0001b870: 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2074 6865 2070 6174 ctory as the pat\n+0001b880: 6820 6f75 7470 7574 0a62 7920 6772 7562 h output.by grub\n+0001b890: 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 6865 7265 6166 -mknetdir hereaf\n+0001b8a0: 7465 7220 7265 6665 7272 6564 2074 6f20 ter referred to \n+0001b8b0: 6173 2046 5750 4154 482e 2047 5255 4220 as FWPATH. GRUB \n+0001b8c0: 7769 6c6c 2073 6561 7263 6820 666f 720a will search for.\n+0001b8d0: 6974 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f its configuratio\n+0001b8e0: 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 696e 206f 7264 6572 n files in order\n+0001b8f0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f using the follo\n+0001b900: 7769 6e67 2072 756c 6573 2077 6865 7265 wing rules where\n+0001b910: 2074 6865 0a61 7070 656e 6465 6420 7661 the.appended va\n+0001b920: 6c75 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 lue corresponds \n+0001b930: 746f 2061 2076 616c 7565 206f 6e20 7468 to a value on th\n+0001b940: 6520 636c 6965 6e74 206d 6163 6869 6e65 e client machine\n+0001b950: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 ... ...(FWPA\n+0001b960: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n+0001b970: e280 9828 5555 4944 204f 4620 4d41 4348 ...(UUID OF MACH\n+0001b980: 494e 4529 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 INE).... ...\n+0001b990: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n+0001b9a0: 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 284d 4143 2041 4444 .cfg-...(MAC ADD\n+0001b9b0: 5245 5353 204f 4620 4e49 4329 e280 990a RESS OF NIC)....\n+0001b9c0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n+0001b9d0: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 .../grub.cfg-...\n+0001b9e0: 2849 5076 3420 4f52 2049 5076 3620 4144 (IPv4 OR IPv6 AD\n+0001b9f0: 4452 4553 5329 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 DRESS).... .\n+0001ba00: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n+0001ba10: 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2055 ub.cfg.. The U\n+0001ba20: 5549 4420 6973 2074 6865 2043 6c69 656e UID is the Clien\n+0001ba30: 7420 4d61 6368 696e 6520 4964 656e 7469 t Machine Identi\n+0001ba40: 6669 6572 204f 7074 696f 6e20 4465 6669 fier Option Defi\n+0001ba50: 6e69 7469 6f6e 2061 730a 7370 6563 6966 nition as.specif\n+0001ba60: 6965 6420 696e 2052 4643 2034 3537 382e ied in RFC 4578.\n+0001ba70: 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2077 696c The client wil\n+0001ba80: 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 l only attempt t\n+0001ba90: 6f20 6c6f 6f75 6b20 7570 2061 2055 5549 o loouk up a UUI\n+0001baa0: 440a 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 6966 D.config file if\n+0001bab0: 2069 7420 7761 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 it was provided\n+0001bac0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 4448 4350 2073 6572 by the DHCP ser\n+0001bad0: 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 ver... The cli\n+0001bae0: 656e 7420 7769 6c6c 206f 6e6c 7920 6174 ent will only at\n+0001baf0: 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f6f 6b20 7570 tempt to look up\n+0001bb00: 2061 6e20 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 an IPv6 address\n+0001bb10: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6f6e 6365 2c0a 686f config once,.ho\n+0001bb20: 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 wever, it will t\n+0001bb30: 7279 2074 6865 2049 5076 3420 6d75 6c74 ry the IPv4 mult\n+0001bb40: 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 2e20 2054 6865 iple times. The\n+0001bb50: 2063 6f6e 6372 6574 6520 6578 616d 706c concrete exampl\n+0001bb60: 650a 6265 6c6f 7720 7368 6f77 7320 7768 e.below shows wh\n+0001bb70: 6174 2077 6f75 6c64 2068 6170 7065 6e20 at would happen \n+0001bb80: 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 4950 7634 2063 under the IPv4 c\n+0001bb90: 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 5549 443a ase... UUID:\n+0001bba0: 2037 3732 3661 3637 382d 3766 6330 2d34 7726a678-7fc0-4\n+0001bbb0: 3835 332d 6134 6636 2d63 3835 6163 3336 853-a4f6-c85ac36\n+0001bbc0: 6131 3230 610a 2020 2020 204d 4143 3a20 a120a. MAC: \n+0001bbd0: 2035 323a 3534 3a30 303a 6563 3a33 333a 52:54:00:ec:33:\n+0001bbe0: 3831 0a20 2020 2020 4950 5634 3a20 3130 81. IPV4: 10\n+0001bbf0: 2e30 2e30 2e31 3330 2028 3041 3030 3030 .0.0.130 (0A0000\n+0001bc00: 3832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 82).. ...(FW\n+0001bc10: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n+0001bc20: 672d 3737 3236 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d g-7726a678-7fc0-\n+0001bc30: 3438 3533 2d61 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 4853-a4f6-c85ac3\n+0001bc40: 3661 3132 3061 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 6a120a. ...(\n+0001bc50: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n+0001bc60: 6366 672d 3532 2d35 342d 3030 2d65 632d cfg-52-54-00-ec-\n+0001bc70: 3333 2d38 310a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 33-81. ...(F\n+0001bc80: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n+0001bc90: 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 320a 2020 2020 fg-0A000082. \n+0001bca0: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n+0001bcb0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 grub.cfg-0A00008\n+0001bcc0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n+0001bcd0: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 ).../grub.cfg-0A\n+0001bce0: 3030 3030 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 0000. ...(FW\n+0001bcf0: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n+0001bd00: 672d 3041 3030 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 g-0A000. ...\n+0001bd10: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n+0001bd20: 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 300a 2020 2020 20e2 .cfg-0A00. .\n+0001bd30: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n+0001bd40: 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 0a20 2020 2020 ub.cfg-0A0. \n+0001bd50: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n+0001bd60: 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 0a20 2020 2020 rub.cfg-0A. \n+0001bd70: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n+0001bd80: 7275 622e 6366 672d 300a 2020 2020 20e2 rub.cfg-0. .\n+0001bd90: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n+0001bda0: 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 ub.cfg.. This \n+0001bdb0: 6665 6174 7572 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c feature is enabl\n+0001bdc0: 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6275 ed by default bu\n+0001bdd0: 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 6469 7361 t it can be disa\n+0001bde0: 626c 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a bled by setting.\n+0001bdf0: 7468 6520 e280 9866 6561 7475 7265 5f6e the ...feature_n\n+0001be00: 6574 5f73 6561 7263 685f 6366 67e2 8099 et_search_cfg...\n+0001be10: 2074 6f20 e280 986e e280 992e 2020 5369 to ...n.... Si\n+0001be20: 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2068 6170 7065 6e73 nce this happens\n+0001be30: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a 636f 6e66 before the.conf\n+0001be40: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n+0001be50: 7320 7265 6164 2062 7920 4752 5542 2c20 s read by GRUB, \n+0001be60: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6861 7320 this option has \n+0001be70: 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2069 to be disabled i\n+0001be80: 6e20 616e 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f n an.embedded co\n+0001be90: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+0001bea0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456d 6265 6464 6564 (*note Embedded\n+0001beb0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a configuration::\n+0001bec0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 2047 5255 )... After GRU\n+0001bed0: 4220 6861 7320 7374 6172 7465 642c 2066 B has started, f\n+0001bee0: 696c 6573 206f 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 iles on the TFTP\n+0001bef0: 2073 6572 7665 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 server will be \n+0001bf00: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 0a76 6961 2074 accessible.via t\n+0001bf10: 6865 20e2 8098 2874 6674 7029 e280 9920 he ...(tftp)... \n+0001bf20: 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 device... The \n+0001bf30: 7365 7276 6572 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 server IP addres\n+0001bf40: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c s can be control\n+0001bf50: 6c65 6420 6279 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 led by changing \n+0001bf60: 7468 6520 e280 9828 7466 7470 29e2 8099 the ...(tftp)...\n+0001bf70: 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 .device name to \n+0001bf80: e280 9828 7466 7470 2c53 4552 5645 522d ...(tftp,SERVER-\n+0001bf90: 4950 29e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 IP).... Note th\n+0001bfa0: 6174 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 at this should b\n+0001bfb0: 6520 6368 616e 6765 640a 626f 7468 2069 e changed.both i\n+0001bfc0: 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6566 6978 2061 6e64 n the prefix and\n+0001bfd0: 2069 6e20 616e 7920 7265 6665 7265 6e63 in any referenc\n+0001bfe0: 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 es to the device\n+0001bff0: 206e 616d 6520 696e 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e name in the.con\n+0001c000: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e figuration file.\n+0001c010: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 .. GRUB provid\n+0001c020: 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c 2065 6e76 6972 es several envir\n+0001c030: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+0001c040: 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 which may be us\n+0001c050: 6564 2074 6f0a 696e 7370 6563 7420 6f72 ed to.inspect or\n+0001c060: 2063 6861 6e67 6520 7468 6520 6265 6861 change the beha\n+0001c070: 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2050 5845 viour of the PXE\n+0001c080: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 device. In the\n+0001c090: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a64 6573 6372 following.descr\n+0001c0a0: 6970 7469 6f6e 203c 494e 5445 5246 4143 iption is placeholde\n+0001c0c0: 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f r for the name o\n+0001c0d0: 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 f network interf\n+0001c0e0: 6163 650a 2870 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6465 ace.(platform de\n+0001c0f0: 7065 6e64 656e 7429 3a0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 pendent):.....ne\n+0001c100: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 t__ip\n+0001c110: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 .... The net\n+0001c120: 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 work interface's\n+0001c130: 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 IP address. Re\n+0001c140: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 ad-only......net\n+0001c150: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 __mac\n+0001c160: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 .... The net\n+0001c170: 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 work interface's\n+0001c180: 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 MAC address. R\n+0001c190: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n+0001c1a0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c t__cl\n+0001c1b0: 6965 6e74 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ientid.... T\n+0001c1c0: 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 6964 2070 726f he client id pro\n+0001c1d0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 vided by DHCP. R\n+0001c1e0: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n+0001c1f0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c t__cl\n+0001c200: 6965 6e74 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 ientuuid.... \n+0001c210: 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7575 6964 The client uuid\n+0001c220: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 provided by DHC\n+0001c230: 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 P. Read-only....\n+0001c240: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__hostname.... \n+0001c260: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 686f The client ho\n+0001c270: 7374 206e 616d 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 st name provided\n+0001c280: 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f by DHCP. Read-o\n+0001c290: 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e nly......net__domain.\n+0001c2b0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 ... The clie\n+0001c2c0: 6e74 2064 6f6d 6169 6e20 6e61 6d65 2070 nt domain name p\n+0001c2d0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e rovided by DHCP.\n+0001c2e0: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n+0001c2f0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+0001c300: 726f 6f74 7061 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 rootpath.... \n+0001c310: 2054 6865 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 The path to the\n+0001c320: 2063 6c69 656e 7427 7320 726f 6f74 2064 client's root d\n+0001c330: 6973 6b20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 isk provided by \n+0001c340: 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e DHCP. Read-only.\n+0001c350: 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 .....net__extensionsp\n+0001c370: 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ath.... The \n+0001c380: 7061 7468 2074 6f20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e path to addition\n+0001c390: 616c 2044 4843 5020 7665 6e64 6f72 2065 al DHCP vendor e\n+0001c3a0: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 7072 6f76 6964 xtensions provid\n+0001c3b0: 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 ed by DHCP.. \n+0001c3c0: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n+0001c3d0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+0001c3e0: 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 boot_file.... \n+0001c3f0: 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 The boot file \n+0001c400: 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 name provided by\n+0001c410: 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 DHCP. Read-only\n+0001c420: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__dhcp_serve\n+0001c440: 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 r_name.... T\n+0001c450: 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2044 he name of the D\n+0001c460: 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2072 6573 706f HCP server respo\n+0001c470: 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 nsible for these\n+0001c480: 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 boot parameters\n+0001c490: 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 .. Read-only\n+0001c4a0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__next_serve\n+0001c4c0: 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 4950 r.... The IP\n+0001c4d0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 address of the \n+0001c4e0: 6e65 7874 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2054 next (usually, T\n+0001c4f0: 4654 5029 2073 6572 7665 7220 7072 6f76 FTP) server prov\n+0001c500: 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 ided by DHCP.. \n+0001c510: 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 Read-only....\n+0001c520: 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e ..net_default_in\n+0001c530: 7465 7266 6163 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 terface.... \n+0001c540: 496e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 746f Initially set to\n+0001c550: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 206e 6574 776f 726b name of network\n+0001c560: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2074 6861 7420 interface that \n+0001c570: 7761 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 was used to load\n+0001c580: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2e20 2052 6561 . grub. Rea\n+0001c590: 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 d-write, althoug\n+0001c5a0: 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 6974 2061 6666 h setting it aff\n+0001c5b0: 6563 7473 206f 6e6c 7920 696e 7465 7270 ects only interp\n+0001c5c0: 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 retation. of\n+0001c5d0: 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ...net_default_\n+0001c5e0: 6970 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986e 6574 ip... and ...net\n+0001c5f0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a _default_mac....\n+0001c600: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ....net_default_\n+0001c610: 6970 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2049 ip.... The I\n+0001c620: 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2064 6566 P address of def\n+0001c630: 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 ault interface. \n+0001c640: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 Read-only. Thi\n+0001c650: 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 s is alias for. \n+0001c660: 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 the ...net_$\n+0001c670: 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 {net_default_int\n+0001c680: 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6970 e280 992e 0a0a erface}_ip......\n+0001c690: e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d ...net_default_m\n+0001c6a0: 6163 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 ac.... The d\n+0001c6b0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 efault interface\n+0001c6c0: 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 's MAC address. \n+0001c6d0: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 Read-only. Thi\n+0001c6e0: 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 s is alias for. \n+0001c6f0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 the ...net_$\n+0001c700: 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 {net_default_int\n+0001c710: 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6d61 63e2 8099 2e0a erface}_mac.....\n+0001c720: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ....net_default_\n+0001c730: 7365 7276 6572 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 server.... T\n+0001c740: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6572 7665 he default serve\n+0001c750: 7220 7573 6564 2062 7920 6e65 7477 6f72 r used by networ\n+0001c760: 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 k drives (*note \n+0001c770: 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 Device syntax::)\n+0001c780: 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 .. Read-writ\n+0001c790: 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 e, although sett\n+0001c7a0: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 ing this is only\n+0001c7b0: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6265 666f 7265 206f useful before o\n+0001c7c0: 7065 6e69 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 pening a. ne\n+0001c7d0: 7477 6f72 6b20 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f twork device....\n+0001c7e0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0001c7f0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 , Node: Serial \n+0001c800: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a terminal, Next:\n+0001c810: 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e Vendor power-on\n+0001c820: 206b 6579 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 keys, Prev: Ne\n+0001c830: 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a twork, Up: Top.\n+0001c840: 0a39 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7669 .9 Using GRUB vi\n+0001c850: 6120 6120 7365 7269 616c 206c 696e 650a a a serial line.\n 0001c860: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 ************..Th\n-0001c880: 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 2064 6573 6372 is chapter descr\n-0001c890: 6962 6573 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 6520 ibes how to use \n-0001c8a0: 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 the serial termi\n-0001c8b0: 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 696e 2047 nal support in G\n-0001c8c0: 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 RUB... If you \n-0001c8d0: 6861 7665 206d 616e 7920 636f 6d70 7574 have many comput\n-0001c8e0: 6572 7320 6f72 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 ers or computers\n-0001c8f0: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2064 6973 706c 6179 with no display\n-0001c900: 2f6b 6579 626f 6172 642c 2069 740a 636f /keyboard, it.co\n-0001c910: 756c 6420 6265 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 uld be very usef\n-0001c920: 756c 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 7468 ul to control th\n-0001c930: 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 7468 726f e computers thro\n-0001c940: 7567 6820 7365 7269 616c 0a63 6f6d 6d75 ugh serial.commu\n-0001c950: 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 546f 2063 nications. To c\n-0001c960: 6f6e 6e65 6374 206f 6e65 2063 6f6d 7075 onnect one compu\n-0001c970: 7465 7220 7769 7468 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 ter with another\n-0001c980: 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 via a serial li\n-0001c990: 6e65 2c0a 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ne,.you need to \n-0001c9a0: 7072 6570 6172 6520 6120 6e75 6c6c 2d6d prepare a null-m\n-0001c9b0: 6f64 656d 2028 6372 6f73 7329 2073 6572 odem (cross) ser\n-0001c9c0: 6961 6c20 6361 626c 652c 2061 6e64 2079 ial cable, and y\n-0001c9d0: 6f75 206d 6179 206e 6565 640a 746f 2068 ou may need.to h\n-0001c9e0: 6176 6520 6d75 6c74 6970 6f72 7420 7365 ave multiport se\n-0001c9f0: 7269 616c 2062 6f61 7264 732c 2069 6620 rial boards, if \n-0001ca00: 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 646f your computer do\n-0001ca10: 6573 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2065 7874 7261 esn't have extra\n-0001ca20: 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 732e 2020 .serial ports. \n-0001ca30: 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e2c 2061 2074 In addition, a t\n-0001ca40: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 erminal emulator\n-0001ca50: 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 is also require\n-0001ca60: 642c 2073 7563 680a 6173 206d 696e 6963 d, such.as minic\n-0001ca70: 6f6d 2e20 2052 6566 6572 2074 6f20 6120 om. Refer to a \n-0001ca80: 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f manual of your o\n-0001ca90: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c perating system,\n-0001caa0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d for more.inform\n-0001cab0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 666f ation... As fo\n-0001cac0: 7220 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 696e 7374 r GRUB, the inst\n-0001cad0: 7275 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2073 6574 2075 ruction to set u\n-0001cae0: 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 p a serial termi\n-0001caf0: 6e61 6c20 6973 2071 7569 7465 0a73 696d nal is quite.sim\n-0001cb00: 706c 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e ple. Here is an\n-0001cb10: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 example:.. \n-0001cb20: 6772 7562 3e20 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d75 grub> serial --u\n-0001cb30: 6e69 743d 3020 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3936 nit=0 --speed=96\n-0001cb40: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7465 00. grub> te\n-0001cb50: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 rminal_input ser\n-0001cb60: 6961 6c3b 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 ial; terminal_ou\n-0001cb70: 7470 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 0a20 2020 tput serial.. \n-0001cb80: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 The command ...s\n-0001cb90: 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2069 6e69 7469 616c erial... initial\n-0001cba0: 697a 6573 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 izes the serial \n-0001cbb0: 756e 6974 2030 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 unit 0 with the \n-0001cbc0: 7370 6565 640a 3936 3030 6270 732e 2020 speed.9600bps. \n-0001cbd0: 5468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2075 6e69 7420 The serial unit \n-0001cbe0: 3020 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2063 616c 0 is usually cal\n-0001cbf0: 6c65 6420 e280 9843 4f4d 31e2 8099 2c20 led ...COM1..., \n-0001cc00: 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 so, if you want \n-0001cc10: 746f 0a75 7365 2043 4f4d 322c 2079 6f75 to.use COM2, you\n-0001cc20: 206d 7573 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 e280 must specify ..\n-0001cc30: 982d 2d75 6e69 743d 31e2 8099 2069 6e73 .--unit=1... ins\n-0001cc40: 7465 6164 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d tead. This comm\n-0001cc50: 616e 6420 6163 6365 7074 730a 6d61 6e79 and accepts.many\n-0001cc60: 206f 7468 6572 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 other options, \n-0001cc70: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2066 *note serial:: f\n-0001cc80: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e or more details.\n-0001cc90: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 .. The command\n-0001cca0: 7320 e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e s ...terminal_in\n-0001ccb0: 7075 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 put... (*note te\n-0001ccc0: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2920 rminal_input::) \n-0001ccd0: 616e 640a e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f and....terminal_\n-0001cce0: 6f75 7470 7574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 output... (*note\n-0001ccf0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n-0001cd00: 3a3a 2920 6368 6f6f 7365 2077 6869 6368 ::) choose which\n-0001cd10: 2074 7970 6520 6f66 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 type of.termina\n-0001cd20: 6c20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 l you want to us\n-0001cd30: 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2063 6173 6520 e. In the case \n-0001cd40: 6162 6f76 652c 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 above, the termi\n-0001cd50: 6e61 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 610a 7365 nal will be a.se\n-0001cd60: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2062 rial terminal, b\n-0001cd70: 7574 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 ut you can also \n-0001cd80: 7061 7373 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 pass ...console.\n-0001cd90: 8099 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e .. to the comman\n-0001cda0: 642c 2061 730a e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 d, as....termina\n-0001cdb0: 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 7365 7269 616c 2063 l_input serial c\n-0001cdc0: 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 992e 2020 496e 2074 onsole.... In t\n-0001cdd0: 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c20 6120 7465 726d his case, a term\n-0001cde0: 696e 616c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f inal in which yo\n-0001cdf0: 750a 7072 6573 7320 616e 7920 6b65 7920 u.press any key \n-0001ce00: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 will be selected\n-0001ce10: 2061 7320 6120 4752 5542 2074 6572 6d69 as a GRUB termi\n-0001ce20: 6e61 6c2e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2065 7861 nal. In the exa\n-0001ce30: 6d70 6c65 0a61 626f 7665 2c20 6e6f 7465 mple.above, note\n-0001ce40: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 that you need t\n-0001ce50: 6f20 7075 7420 626f 7468 2063 6f6d 6d61 o put both comma\n-0001ce60: 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 nds on the same \n-0001ce70: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c0a 6173 command line,.as\n-0001ce80: 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 7365 2074 you will lose t\n-0001ce90: 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 7479 he ability to ty\n-0001cea0: 7065 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 pe commands on t\n-0001ceb0: 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6674 6572 he console after\n-0001cec0: 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 the.first comma\n-0001ced0: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c nd... However,\n-0001cee0: 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 note that GRUB \n-0001cef0: 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 assumes that you\n-0001cf00: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 r terminal emula\n-0001cf10: 746f 7220 6973 0a63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c tor is.compatibl\n-0001cf20: 6520 7769 7468 2056 5431 3030 2062 7920 e with VT100 by \n-0001cf30: 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 default. This i\n-0001cf40: 7320 7472 7565 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 s true for most \n-0001cf50: 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a65 6d75 6c61 746f terminal.emulato\n-0001cf60: 7273 206e 6f77 6164 6179 732c 2062 7574 rs nowadays, but\n-0001cf70: 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 7061 7373 you should pass\n-0001cf80: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d the option ...-\n-0001cf90: 2d64 756d 62e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 650a -dumb... to the.\n-0001cfa0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6966 2079 6f75 7220 command if your \n-0001cfb0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f terminal emulato\n-0001cfc0: 7220 6973 206e 6f74 2056 5431 3030 2d63 r is not VT100-c\n-0001cfd0: 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f72 2069 6d70 ompatible or imp\n-0001cfe0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 6665 7720 5654 3130 lements.few VT10\n-0001cff0: 3020 6573 6361 7065 2073 6571 7565 6e63 0 escape sequenc\n-0001d000: 6573 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 es. If you spec\n-0001d010: 6966 7920 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ify this option \n-0001d020: 7468 656e 2047 5255 420a 7072 6f76 6964 then GRUB.provid\n-0001d030: 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 616e 2061 es you with an a\n-0001d040: 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 lternative menu \n-0001d050: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2062 6563 6175 interface, becau\n-0001d060: 7365 2074 6865 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d65 se the normal me\n-0001d070: 6e75 0a72 6571 7569 7265 7320 7365 7665 nu.requires seve\n-0001d080: 7261 6c20 6661 6e63 7920 6665 6174 7572 ral fancy featur\n-0001d090: 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 es of your termi\n-0001d0a0: 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 nal.....File: gr\n-0001d0b0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0001d0c0: 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 Vendor power-on \n-0001d0d0: 6b65 7973 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6d61 keys, Next: Ima\n-0001d0e0: 6765 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 7269 ges, Prev: Seri\n-0001d0f0: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 5570 al terminal, Up\n-0001d100: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3020 5573 696e 6720 : Top..10 Using \n-0001d110: 4752 5542 2077 6974 6820 7665 6e64 6f72 GRUB with vendor\n-0001d120: 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 0a2a power-on keys.*\n-0001d130: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+0001c880: 5468 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 2064 6573 This chapter des\n+0001c890: 6372 6962 6573 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 cribes how to us\n+0001c8a0: 6520 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 e the serial ter\n+0001c8b0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 696e minal support in\n+0001c8c0: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f GRUB... If yo\n+0001c8d0: 7520 6861 7665 206d 616e 7920 636f 6d70 u have many comp\n+0001c8e0: 7574 6572 7320 6f72 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 uters or compute\n+0001c8f0: 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2064 6973 706c rs with no displ\n+0001c900: 6179 2f6b 6579 626f 6172 642c 2069 740a ay/keyboard, it.\n+0001c910: 636f 756c 6420 6265 2076 6572 7920 7573 could be very us\n+0001c920: 6566 756c 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 eful to control \n+0001c930: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 7468 the computers th\n+0001c940: 726f 7567 6820 7365 7269 616c 0a63 6f6d rough serial.com\n+0001c950: 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 546f munications. To\n+0001c960: 2063 6f6e 6e65 6374 206f 6e65 2063 6f6d connect one com\n+0001c970: 7075 7465 7220 7769 7468 2061 6e6f 7468 puter with anoth\n+0001c980: 6572 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 er via a serial \n+0001c990: 6c69 6e65 2c0a 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 line,.you need t\n+0001c9a0: 6f20 7072 6570 6172 6520 6120 6e75 6c6c o prepare a null\n+0001c9b0: 2d6d 6f64 656d 2028 6372 6f73 7329 2073 -modem (cross) s\n+0001c9c0: 6572 6961 6c20 6361 626c 652c 2061 6e64 erial cable, and\n+0001c9d0: 2079 6f75 206d 6179 206e 6565 640a 746f you may need.to\n+0001c9e0: 2068 6176 6520 6d75 6c74 6970 6f72 7420 have multiport \n+0001c9f0: 7365 7269 616c 2062 6f61 7264 732c 2069 serial boards, i\n+0001ca00: 6620 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 f your computer \n+0001ca10: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2065 7874 doesn't have ext\n+0001ca20: 7261 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 732e ra.serial ports.\n+0001ca30: 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e2c 2061 In addition, a\n+0001ca40: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 terminal emulat\n+0001ca50: 6f72 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 or is also requi\n+0001ca60: 7265 642c 2073 7563 680a 6173 206d 696e red, such.as min\n+0001ca70: 6963 6f6d 2e20 2052 6566 6572 2074 6f20 icom. Refer to \n+0001ca80: 6120 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 6620 796f 7572 a manual of your\n+0001ca90: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+0001caa0: 6d2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f m, for more.info\n+0001cab0: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 rmation... As \n+0001cac0: 666f 7220 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 696e for GRUB, the in\n+0001cad0: 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2073 6574 struction to set\n+0001cae0: 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 up a serial ter\n+0001caf0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6973 2071 7569 7465 0a73 minal is quite.s\n+0001cb00: 696d 706c 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 imple. Here is \n+0001cb10: 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 an example:.. \n+0001cb20: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7365 7269 616c 202d grub> serial -\n+0001cb30: 2d75 6e69 743d 3020 2d2d 7370 6565 643d -unit=0 --speed=\n+0001cb40: 3936 3030 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 9600. grub> \n+0001cb50: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 terminal_input s\n+0001cb60: 6572 6961 6c3b 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f erial; terminal_\n+0001cb70: 6f75 7470 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 0a20 output serial.. \n+0001cb80: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 The command ..\n+0001cb90: 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2069 6e69 7469 .serial... initi\n+0001cba0: 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 alizes the seria\n+0001cbb0: 6c20 756e 6974 2030 2077 6974 6820 7468 l unit 0 with th\n+0001cbc0: 6520 7370 6565 640a 3936 3030 6270 732e e speed.9600bps.\n+0001cbd0: 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2075 6e69 The serial uni\n+0001cbe0: 7420 3020 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2063 t 0 is usually c\n+0001cbf0: 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9843 4f4d 31e2 8099 alled ...COM1...\n+0001cc00: 2c20 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e , so, if you wan\n+0001cc10: 7420 746f 0a75 7365 2043 4f4d 322c 2079 t to.use COM2, y\n+0001cc20: 6f75 206d 7573 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 ou must specify \n+0001cc30: e280 982d 2d75 6e69 743d 31e2 8099 2069 ...--unit=1... i\n+0001cc40: 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f nstead. This co\n+0001cc50: 6d6d 616e 6420 6163 6365 7074 730a 6d61 mmand accepts.ma\n+0001cc60: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ny other options\n+0001cc70: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a , *note serial::\n+0001cc80: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c for more detail\n+0001cc90: 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 s... The comma\n+0001cca0: 6e64 7320 e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f nds ...terminal_\n+0001ccb0: 696e 7075 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 input... (*note \n+0001ccc0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a terminal_input::\n+0001ccd0: 2920 616e 640a e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 ) and....termina\n+0001cce0: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f l_output... (*no\n+0001ccf0: 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 te terminal_outp\n+0001cd00: 7574 3a3a 2920 6368 6f6f 7365 2077 6869 ut::) choose whi\n+0001cd10: 6368 2074 7970 6520 6f66 0a74 6572 6d69 ch type of.termi\n+0001cd20: 6e61 6c20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 nal you want to \n+0001cd30: 7573 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2063 6173 use. In the cas\n+0001cd40: 6520 6162 6f76 652c 2074 6865 2074 6572 e above, the ter\n+0001cd50: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 610a minal will be a.\n+0001cd60: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c serial terminal,\n+0001cd70: 2062 7574 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 but you can als\n+0001cd80: 6f20 7061 7373 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c o pass ...consol\n+0001cd90: 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d e... to the comm\n+0001cda0: 616e 642c 2061 730a e280 9874 6572 6d69 and, as....termi\n+0001cdb0: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 7365 7269 616c nal_input serial\n+0001cdc0: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 992e 2020 496e console.... In\n+0001cdd0: 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c20 6120 7465 this case, a te\n+0001cde0: 726d 696e 616c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 rminal in which \n+0001cdf0: 796f 750a 7072 6573 7320 616e 7920 6b65 you.press any ke\n+0001ce00: 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 y will be select\n+0001ce10: 6564 2061 7320 6120 4752 5542 2074 6572 ed as a GRUB ter\n+0001ce20: 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2065 minal. In the e\n+0001ce30: 7861 6d70 6c65 0a61 626f 7665 2c20 6e6f xample.above, no\n+0001ce40: 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6e65 6564 te that you need\n+0001ce50: 2074 6f20 7075 7420 626f 7468 2063 6f6d to put both com\n+0001ce60: 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d mands on the sam\n+0001ce70: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c0a e command line,.\n+0001ce80: 6173 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 7365 as you will lose\n+0001ce90: 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 the ability to \n+0001cea0: 7479 7065 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e type commands on\n+0001ceb0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6674 the console aft\n+0001cec0: 6572 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2063 6f6d er the.first com\n+0001ced0: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 mand... Howeve\n+0001cee0: 722c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 r, note that GRU\n+0001cef0: 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2079 B assumes that y\n+0001cf00: 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 our terminal emu\n+0001cf10: 6c61 746f 7220 6973 0a63 6f6d 7061 7469 lator is.compati\n+0001cf20: 626c 6520 7769 7468 2056 5431 3030 2062 ble with VT100 b\n+0001cf30: 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 y default. This\n+0001cf40: 2069 7320 7472 7565 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 is true for mos\n+0001cf50: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a65 6d75 6c61 t terminal.emula\n+0001cf60: 746f 7273 206e 6f77 6164 6179 732c 2062 tors nowadays, b\n+0001cf70: 7574 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 7061 ut you should pa\n+0001cf80: 7373 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 ss the option ..\n+0001cf90: 982d 2d64 756d 62e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 .--dumb... to th\n+0001cfa0: 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6966 2079 6f75 e.command if you\n+0001cfb0: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 r terminal emula\n+0001cfc0: 746f 7220 6973 206e 6f74 2056 5431 3030 tor is not VT100\n+0001cfd0: 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f72 2069 -compatible or i\n+0001cfe0: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 6665 7720 5654 mplements.few VT\n+0001cff0: 3130 3020 6573 6361 7065 2073 6571 7565 100 escape seque\n+0001d000: 6e63 6573 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 nces. If you sp\n+0001d010: 6563 6966 7920 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f ecify this optio\n+0001d020: 6e20 7468 656e 2047 5255 420a 7072 6f76 n then GRUB.prov\n+0001d030: 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 616e ides you with an\n+0001d040: 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 206d 656e alternative men\n+0001d050: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2062 6563 u interface, bec\n+0001d060: 6175 7365 2074 6865 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 ause the normal \n+0001d070: 6d65 6e75 0a72 6571 7569 7265 7320 7365 menu.requires se\n+0001d080: 7665 7261 6c20 6661 6e63 7920 6665 6174 veral fancy feat\n+0001d090: 7572 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 ures of your ter\n+0001d0a0: 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 minal.....File: \n+0001d0b0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0001d0c0: 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f : Vendor power-o\n+0001d0d0: 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 n keys, Next: I\n+0001d0e0: 6d61 6765 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 mages, Prev: Se\n+0001d0f0: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 rial terminal, \n+0001d100: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3020 5573 696e Up: Top..10 Usin\n+0001d110: 6720 4752 5542 2077 6974 6820 7665 6e64 g GRUB with vend\n+0001d120: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 or power-on keys\n+0001d130: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n 0001d140: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001d150: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f 6d65 206c 6170 ******..Some lap\n-0001d160: 746f 7020 7665 6e64 6f72 7320 7072 6f76 top vendors prov\n-0001d170: 6964 6520 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 ide an additiona\n-0001d180: 6c20 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 2062 7574 746f l power-on butto\n-0001d190: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 626f 6f74 730a 616e n which boots.an\n-0001d1a0: 6f74 6865 7220 4f53 2e20 4752 5542 2073 other OS. GRUB s\n-0001d1b0: 7570 706f 7274 7320 7375 6368 2062 7574 upports such but\n-0001d1c0: 746f 6e73 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 tons with the ..\n-0001d1d0: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 .GRUB_TIMEOUT_BU\n-0001d1e0: 5454 4f4e e280 992c 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 TTON...,....GRUB\n-0001d1f0: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 _TIMEOUT_STYLE_B\n-0001d200: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 UTTON..., ...GRU\n-0001d210: 425f 4445 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e B_DEFAULT_BUTTON\n-0001d220: e280 992c 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 ..., and....GRUB\n-0001d230: 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 _BUTTON_CMOS_ADD\n-0001d240: 5245 5353 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 RESS... variable\n-0001d250: 7320 696e 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 s in default/gru\n-0001d260: 6220 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a b (*note Simple.\n-0001d270: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n-0001d280: 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f . ...GRUB_TIMEO\n-0001d290: 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 UT_BUTTON..., ..\n-0001d2a0: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 .GRUB_TIMEOUT_ST\n-0001d2b0: 594c 455f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 0a61 YLE_BUTTON...,.a\n-0001d2c0: 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 nd ...GRUB_DEFAU\n-0001d2d0: 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2061 7265 LT_BUTTON... are\n-0001d2e0: 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 used instead of\n-0001d2f0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 the correspondi\n-0001d300: 6e67 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 ng.variables wit\n-0001d310: 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 hout the ..._BUT\n-0001d320: 544f 4ee2 8099 2073 7566 6669 7820 7768 TON... suffix wh\n-0001d330: 656e 2070 6f77 6572 6564 206f 6e20 7573 en powered on us\n-0001d340: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c0a ing the special.\n-0001d350: 6275 7474 6f6e 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 5542 button. ...GRUB\n-0001d360: 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 _BUTTON_CMOS_ADD\n-0001d370: 5245 5353 e280 9920 6973 2076 656e 646f RESS... is vendo\n-0001d380: 722d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2061 6e64 2070 r-specific and p\n-0001d390: 6172 7469 616c 6c79 0a6d 6f64 656c 2d73 artially.model-s\n-0001d3a0: 7065 6369 6669 632e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 pecific. Values\n-0001d3b0: 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 known to the GR\n-0001d3c0: 5542 2074 6561 6d20 6172 653a 0a0a 3c44 UB team are:...\n-0001d3e0: 2020 2020 2031 3231 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c 121:3.. \n-0001d400: 2038 353a 330a 3c44 656c 6c20 4c61 7469 85:3.. \n-0001d420: 2038 353a 330a 3c41 7375 7320 4565 6550 85:3.. 8\n-0001d440: 343a 3120 2875 6e63 6f6e 6669 726d 6564 4:1 (unconfirmed\n-0001d450: 290a 3c4c 454e 4f56 4f20 5468 696e 6b50 ).. 101:3..\n-0001d480: 2020 2054 6f20 7461 6b65 2066 756c 6c20 To take full \n-0001d490: 6164 7661 6e74 6167 6520 6f66 2074 6869 advantage of thi\n-0001d4a0: 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 7374 s function, inst\n-0001d4b0: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 all GRUB into th\n-0001d4c0: 6520 4d42 520a 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e73 e MBR.(*note Ins\n-0001d4d0: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 talling GRUB usi\n-0001d4e0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a ng grub-install:\n-0001d4f0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 :)... If you h\n-0001d500: 6176 6520 6120 6c61 7074 6f70 2077 6869 ave a laptop whi\n-0001d510: 6368 2068 6173 2061 2073 696d 696c 6172 ch has a similar\n-0001d520: 2066 6561 7475 7265 2061 6e64 206e 6f74 feature and not\n-0001d530: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 650a 6c69 in the above.li\n-0001d540: 7374 2063 6f75 6c64 2079 6f75 2066 6967 st could you fig\n-0001d550: 7572 6520 796f 7572 2061 6464 7265 7373 ure your address\n-0001d560: 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 653f and contribute?\n-0001d570: 2020 546f 2064 6973 636f 7665 7220 7468 To discover th\n-0001d580: 650a 6164 6472 6573 7320 646f 2074 6865 e.address do the\n-0001d590: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 2020 20e2 following:. .\n-0001d5a0: 80a2 2062 6f6f 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 .. boot normally\n-0001d5b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2020 2020 2073 7564 . ... sud\n-0001d5c0: 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 206e 7672 616d o modprobe nvram\n-0001d5d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 . sudo \n-0001d5e0: 6361 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 616d 207c cat /dev/nvram |\n-0001d5f0: 2078 7864 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6275 xxd > normal_bu\n-0001d600: 7474 6f6e 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 tton.txt. ... \n-0001d610: 626f 6f74 2075 7369 6e67 2076 656e 646f boot using vendo\n-0001d620: 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 r button. ... \n-0001d630: 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f sudo modpro\n-0001d640: 6265 206e 7672 616d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 be nvram. \n-0001d650: 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 6576 sudo cat /dev\n-0001d660: 2f6e 7672 616d 207c 2078 7864 203e 206e /nvram | xxd > n\n-0001d670: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 7665 6e64 6f72 2e74 7874 ormal_vendor.txt\n-0001d680: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 636f 6d70 6172 .. Then compar\n-0001d690: 6520 7468 6573 6520 7465 7874 2066 696c e these text fil\n-0001d6a0: 6573 2061 6e64 2066 696e 6420 7768 6572 es and find wher\n-0001d6b0: 6520 6120 6269 7420 7761 7320 746f 6767 e a bit was togg\n-0001d6c0: 6c65 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a69 6e20 6361 led. E.g..in ca\n-0001d6d0: 7365 206f 6620 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 2069 se of Dell XPS i\n-0001d6e0: 7420 7761 733a 0a20 2020 2020 6279 7465 t was:. byte\n-0001d6f0: 2030 7834 373a 2032 3020 2d2d 3e20 3238 0x47: 20 --> 28\n-0001d700: 0a20 2020 4974 2773 2061 2062 6974 206e . It's a bit n\n-0001d710: 756d 6265 7220 3320 6173 2073 6565 6e20 umber 3 as seen \n-0001d720: 6672 6f6d 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 from following t\n-0001d730: 6162 6c65 3a0a 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 able:.0 \n-0001d740: 2020 2020 2030 310a 3120 2020 2020 2020 01.1 \n-0001d750: 2020 2020 2020 2030 320a 3220 2020 2020 02.2 \n-0001d760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 340a 3320 2020 04.3 \n-0001d770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 380a 3420 08.4 \n-0001d780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 300a 10.\n-0001d790: 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 5 2\n-0001d7a0: 300a 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 0.6 \n-0001d7b0: 2034 300a 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 40.7 \n-0001d7c0: 2020 2038 300a 0a20 2020 3078 3437 2069 80.. 0x47 i\n-0001d7d0: 7320 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 3731 2e20 204c s decimal 71. L\n-0001d7e0: 696e 7578 206e 7672 616d 2069 6d70 6c65 inux nvram imple\n-0001d7f0: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6375 7473 2066 mentation cuts f\n-0001d800: 6972 7374 2031 3420 6279 7465 730a 6f66 irst 14 bytes.of\n-0001d810: 2043 4d4f 532e 2053 6f20 7468 6520 7265 CMOS. So the re\n-0001d820: 616c 2062 7974 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 al byte address \n-0001d830: 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6973 2037 312b 3134 in CMOS is 71+14\n-0001d840: 3d38 3520 536f 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 650a =85 So complete.\n-0001d850: 6164 6472 6573 7320 6973 2038 353a 330a address is 85:3.\n-0001d860: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0001d870: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6d61 6765 fo, Node: Image\n-0001d880: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 7265 2069 s, Next: Core i\n-0001d890: 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 mage size limita\n-0001d8a0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2056 656e tion, Prev: Ven\n-0001d8b0: 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 dor power-on key\n-0001d8c0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3120 s, Up: Top..11 \n-0001d8d0: 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6573 GRUB image files\n-0001d8e0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-0001d8f0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 7369 ****..GRUB consi\n-0001d900: 7374 7320 6f66 2073 6576 6572 616c 2069 sts of several i\n-0001d910: 6d61 6765 733a 2061 2076 6172 6965 7479 mages: a variety\n-0001d920: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 7374 7261 7020 696d of bootstrap im\n-0001d930: 6167 6573 2066 6f72 0a73 7461 7274 696e ages for.startin\n-0001d940: 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e20 7661 7269 6f75 g GRUB in variou\n-0001d950: 7320 7761 7973 2c20 6120 6b65 726e 656c s ways, a kernel\n-0001d960: 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 6120 7365 image, and a se\n-0001d970: 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a77 6869 t of modules.whi\n-0001d980: 6368 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 6269 6e65 6420 ch are combined \n-0001d990: 7769 7468 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 with the kernel \n-0001d9a0: 696d 6167 6520 746f 2066 6f72 6d20 6120 image to form a \n-0001d9b0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2048 6572 core image. Her\n-0001d9c0: 6520 6973 0a61 2073 686f 7274 206f 7665 e is.a short ove\n-0001d9d0: 7276 6965 7720 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a rview of them...\n-0001d9e0: e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 ...boot.img.... \n-0001d9f0: 2020 2020 4f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 On PC BIOS s\n-0001da00: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 2069 6d61 ystems, this ima\n-0001da10: 6765 2069 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ge is the first \n-0001da20: 7061 7274 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 part of GRUB to \n-0001da30: 7374 6172 742e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 start.. It i\n-0001da40: 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 206d s written to a m\n-0001da50: 6173 7465 7220 626f 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 aster boot recor\n-0001da60: 6420 284d 4252 2920 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 d (MBR) or to th\n-0001da70: 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f 720a 2020 e boot sector. \n-0001da80: 2020 206f 6620 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f of a partitio\n-0001da90: 6e2e 2020 4265 6361 7573 6520 6120 5043 n. Because a PC\n-0001daa0: 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2069 7320 boot sector is \n-0001dab0: 3531 3220 6279 7465 732c 2074 6865 2073 512 bytes, the s\n-0001dac0: 697a 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6973 ize of. this\n-0001dad0: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6578 6163 746c image is exactl\n-0001dae0: 7920 3531 3220 6279 7465 732e 0a0a 2020 y 512 bytes... \n-0001daf0: 2020 2054 6865 2073 6f6c 6520 6675 6e63 The sole func\n-0001db00: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9862 6f6f 742e tion of ...boot.\n-0001db10: 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 746f 2072 6561 img... is to rea\n-0001db20: 6420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 d the first sect\n-0001db30: 6f72 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 or of the. c\n-0001db40: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 ore image from a\n-0001db50: 206c 6f63 616c 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 local disk and \n-0001db60: 6a75 6d70 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2042 6563 jump to it. Bec\n-0001db70: 6175 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 7369 7a65 ause of the size\n-0001db80: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f . restrictio\n-0001db90: 6e2c 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 n, ...boot.img..\n-0001dba0: 9920 6361 6e6e 6f74 2075 6e64 6572 7374 . cannot underst\n-0001dbb0: 616e 6420 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 and any file sys\n-0001dbc0: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 tem. structu\n-0001dbd0: 7265 2c20 736f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 re, so ...grub-i\n-0001dbe0: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 6861 7264 636f nstall... hardco\n-0001dbf0: 6465 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e des the location\n-0001dc00: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 2020 of the first. \n-0001dc10: 2020 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 sector of the\n-0001dc20: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e 746f core image into\n-0001dc30: 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...boot.img... \n-0001dc40: 7768 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 when installing \n-0001dc50: 4752 5542 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6469 736b 626f GRUB......diskbo\n-0001dc60: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ot.img.... T\n-0001dc70: 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 his image is use\n-0001dc80: 6420 6173 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 d as the first s\n-0001dc90: 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 ector of the cor\n-0001dca0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 e image when. \n-0001dcb0: 2020 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 booting from a\n-0001dcc0: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 7420 hard disk. It \n-0001dcd0: 7265 6164 7320 7468 6520 7265 7374 206f reads the rest o\n-0001dce0: 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 f the core image\n-0001dcf0: 2069 6e74 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 into. memor\n-0001dd00: 7920 616e 6420 7374 6172 7473 2074 6865 y and starts the\n-0001dd10: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 kernel. Since \n-0001dd20: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6861 6e64 file system hand\n-0001dd30: 6c69 6e67 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 ling is not. \n-0001dd40: 2079 6574 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2c20 yet available, \n-0001dd50: 6974 2065 6e63 6f64 6573 2074 6865 206c it encodes the l\n-0001dd60: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2063 ocation of the c\n-0001dd70: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7573 696e 6720 ore image using \n-0001dd80: 610a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 a. block lis\n-0001dd90: 7420 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6364 t format......cd\n-0001dda0: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 boot.img.... \n-0001ddb0: 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 This image is u\n-0001ddc0: 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 sed as the first\n-0001ddd0: 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 sector of the c\n-0001dde0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e 0a20 ore image when. \n-0001ddf0: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d booting from\n-0001de00: 2061 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6472 6976 652e a CD-ROM drive.\n-0001de10: 2020 4974 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 It performs a \n-0001de20: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e similar function\n-0001de30: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b to. ...disk\n-0001de40: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a e280 boot.img........\n-0001de50: 9870 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a .pxeboot.img....\n-0001de60: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 This image \n-0001de70: 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 2073 is used as the s\n-0001de80: 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 tart of the core\n-0001de90: 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 image when boot\n-0001dea0: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ing from. th\n-0001deb0: 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7573 696e 6720 e network using \n-0001dec0: 5058 452e 202a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f PXE. *Note Netwo\n-0001ded0: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6c6e 7862 6f6f rk::......lnxboo\n-0001dee0: 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 t.img.... Th\n-0001def0: 6973 2069 6d61 6765 206d 6179 2062 6520 is image may be \n-0001df00: 706c 6163 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 7374 placed at the st\n-0001df10: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 art of the core \n-0001df20: 696d 6167 6520 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 image in order t\n-0001df30: 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 4752 5542 o. make GRUB\n-0001df40: 206c 6f6f 6b20 656e 6f75 6768 206c 696b look enough lik\n-0001df50: 6520 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c e a Linux kernel\n-0001df60: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 that it can be \n-0001df70: 626f 6f74 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 204c booted by. L\n-0001df80: 494c 4f20 7573 696e 6720 616e 20e2 8098 ILO using an ...\n-0001df90: 696d 6167 653d e280 9920 7365 6374 696f image=... sectio\n-0001dfa0: 6e2e 0a0a e280 986b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d n......kernel.im\n-0001dfb0: 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 g.... This i\n-0001dfc0: 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 4752 mage contains GR\n-0001dfd0: 5542 2773 2062 6173 6963 2072 756e 2d74 UB's basic run-t\n-0001dfe0: 696d 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 3a20 ime facilities: \n-0001dff0: 6672 616d 6577 6f72 6b73 0a20 2020 2020 frameworks. \n-0001e000: 666f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2066 for device and f\n-0001e010: 696c 6520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c20 656e ile handling, en\n-0001e020: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0001e030: 6c65 732c 2074 6865 2072 6573 6375 650a les, the rescue.\n-0001e040: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mode comman\n-0001e050: 642d 6c69 6e65 2070 6172 7365 722c 2061 d-line parser, a\n-0001e060: 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6973 nd so on. It is\n-0001e070: 2072 6172 656c 7920 7573 6564 2064 6972 rarely used dir\n-0001e080: 6563 746c 792c 0a20 2020 2020 6275 7420 ectly,. but \n-0001e090: 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 616c is built into al\n-0001e0a0: 6c20 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a l core images...\n-0001e0b0: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 ...core.img.... \n-0001e0c0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 This is the \n-0001e0d0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 206f 6620 4752 core image of GR\n-0001e0e0: 5542 2e20 4974 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 UB. It is built \n-0001e0f0: 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6672 6f6d dynamically from\n-0001e100: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c the. kernel\n-0001e110: 2069 6d61 6765 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 6172 image and an ar\n-0001e120: 6269 7472 6172 7920 6c69 7374 206f 6620 bitrary list of \n-0001e130: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6279 2074 6865 20e2 modules by the .\n-0001e140: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 ..grub-mkimage..\n-0001e150: 990a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d 2e20 .. program. \n-0001e160: 2055 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e Usually, it con\n-0001e170: 7461 696e 7320 656e 6f75 6768 206d 6f64 tains enough mod\n-0001e180: 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 ules to access. \n-0001e190: 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 .../boot/gru\n-0001e1a0: 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 7320 b..., and loads \n-0001e1b0: 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 everything else \n-0001e1c0: 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206d 656e 7520 (including menu \n-0001e1d0: 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 handling,. t\n-0001e1e0: 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f he ability to lo\n-0001e1f0: 6164 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f70 6572 6174 ad target operat\n-0001e200: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 ing systems, and\n-0001e210: 2073 6f20 6f6e 2920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 so on) from the\n-0001e220: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 . file syste\n-0001e230: 6d20 6174 2072 756e 2d74 696d 652e 2020 m at run-time. \n-0001e240: 5468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c61 7220 6465 7369 The modular desi\n-0001e250: 676e 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7468 6520 636f gn allows the co\n-0001e260: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 746f re image. to\n-0001e270: 2062 6520 6b65 7074 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 be kept small, \n-0001e280: 7369 6e63 6520 7468 6520 6172 6561 7320 since the areas \n-0001e290: 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 7768 6572 6520 6974 of disk where it\n-0001e2a0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 696e must be. in\n-0001e2b0: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6172 6520 6f66 7465 stalled are ofte\n-0001e2c0: 6e20 6173 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 7320 3332 n as small as 32\n-0001e2d0: 4b42 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 KB... *Note \n-0001e2e0: 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f BIOS installatio\n-0001e2f0: 6e3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 n::, for details\n-0001e300: 206f 6e20 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 636f on where the co\n-0001e310: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2063 616e 0a20 2020 re image can. \n-0001e320: 2020 6265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f be installed o\n-0001e330: 6e20 5043 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0ae2 n PC systems....\n-0001e340: 8098 2a2e 6d6f 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ..*.mod.... \n-0001e350: 4576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 Everything else \n-0001e360: 696e 2047 5255 4220 7265 7369 6465 7320 in GRUB resides \n-0001e370: 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c in dynamically l\n-0001e380: 6f61 6461 626c 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e oadable modules.\n-0001e390: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6573 6520 6172 6520 . These are \n-0001e3a0: 6f66 7465 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7574 often loaded aut\n-0001e3b0: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 6f72 2062 omatically, or b\n-0001e3c0: 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f uilt into the co\n-0001e3d0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 6966 re image. if\n-0001e3e0: 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6573 7365 6e74 they are essent\n-0001e3f0: 6961 6c2c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2061 6c73 ial, but may als\n-0001e400: 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d61 6e75 o be loaded manu\n-0001e410: 616c 6c79 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 ally using the. \n-0001e420: 2020 2020 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 ...insmod...\n-0001e430: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n-0001e440: 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 292e 0a0a 466f 7220 insmod::)...For \n-0001e450: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 7573 6572 GRUB Legacy user\n-0001e460: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n-0001e470: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 =======..GRUB 2 \n-0001e480: 6861 7320 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 has a different \n-0001e490: 6465 7369 676e 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 design from GRUB\n-0001e4a0: 204c 6567 6163 792c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 Legacy, and so \n-0001e4b0: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 656e 6365 730a correspondences.\n-0001e4c0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 7320 with the images \n-0001e4d0: 6974 2075 7365 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 it used cannot b\n-0001e4e0: 6520 6578 6163 742e 2020 4e65 7665 7274 e exact. Nevert\n-0001e4f0: 6865 6c65 7373 2c20 4752 5542 204c 6567 heless, GRUB Leg\n-0001e500: 6163 790a 7573 6572 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 acy.users often \n-0001e510: 6173 6b20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 7320 696e ask questions in\n-0001e520: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 2074 6865 7920 the terms they \n-0001e530: 6172 6520 6661 6d69 6c69 6172 2077 6974 are familiar wit\n-0001e540: 682c 2061 6e64 2073 6f0a 6865 7265 2069 h, and so.here i\n-0001e550: 7320 6120 6272 6965 6620 6775 6964 6520 s a brief guide \n-0001e560: 746f 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 3227 7320 to how GRUB 2's \n-0001e570: 696d 6167 6573 2072 656c 6174 6520 746f images relate to\n-0001e580: 2074 6861 742e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 that......stage\n-0001e590: 31e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5374 6167 6520 1.... Stage \n-0001e5a0: 3120 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 1 from GRUB Lega\n-0001e5b0: 6379 2077 6173 2076 6572 7920 7369 6d69 cy was very simi\n-0001e5c0: 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 lar to ...boot.i\n-0001e5d0: 6d67 e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 4220 322c mg... in GRUB 2,\n-0001e5e0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6579 2073 . and they s\n-0001e5f0: 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6675 erve the same fu\n-0001e600: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2a5f 7374 nction......*_st\n-0001e610: 6167 6531 5f35 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 age1_5.... 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In\n-0001e6c0: 2074 6869 7320 7265 7370 6563 742c 2069 this respect, i\n-0001e6d0: 7473 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7761 7320 ts function was \n-0001e6e0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 similar to. \n-0001e6f0: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 ...core.img... i\n-0001e700: 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 n GRUB 2. Howev\n-0001e710: 6572 2c20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 er, ...core.img.\n-0001e720: 8099 2069 7320 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 .. is much more \n-0001e730: 6361 7061 626c 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 capable. tha\n-0001e740: 6e20 5374 6167 6520 312e 3520 7761 733b n Stage 1.5 was;\n-0001e750: 2073 696e 6365 2069 7420 6f66 6665 7273 since it offers\n-0001e760: 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c a rescue shell,\n-0001e770: 2069 7420 6973 2073 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 it is sometimes\n-0001e780: 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 . possible t\n-0001e790: 6f20 7265 636f 7665 7220 6d61 6e75 616c o recover manual\n-0001e7a0: 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6576 656e 7420 ly in the event \n-0001e7b0: 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 2075 6e61 626c that it is unabl\n-0001e7c0: 6520 746f 206c 6f61 640a 2020 2020 2061 e to load. a\n-0001e7d0: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c 6573 ny other modules\n-0001e7e0: 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 6966 , for example if\n-0001e7f0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 partition numbe\n-0001e800: 7273 2068 6176 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e rs have changed.\n-0001e810: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d . ...core.im\n-0001e820: 67e2 8099 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e g... is built in\n-0001e830: 2061 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 a more flexible\n-0001e840: 2077 6179 2c20 616c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2047 way, allowing G\n-0001e850: 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7375 RUB 2 to. su\n-0001e860: 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 6d6f pport reading mo\n-0001e870: 6475 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 6476 616e dules from advan\n-0001e880: 6365 6420 6469 736b 2074 7970 6573 2073 ced disk types s\n-0001e890: 7563 6820 6173 204c 564d 2061 6e64 0a20 uch as LVM and. \n-0001e8a0: 2020 2020 5241 4944 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 RAID... \n-0001e8b0: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 636f 756c GRUB Legacy coul\n-0001e8c0: 6420 7275 6e20 7769 7468 206f 6e6c 7920 d run with only \n-0001e8d0: 5374 6167 6520 3120 616e 6420 5374 6167 Stage 1 and Stag\n-0001e8e0: 6520 3220 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6c69 6d69 e 2 in some limi\n-0001e8f0: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ted. configu\n-0001e900: 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6c65 2047 rations, while G\n-0001e910: 5255 4220 3220 7265 7175 6972 6573 20e2 RUB 2 requires .\n-0001e920: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e ..core.img... an\n-0001e930: 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 d cannot work. \n-0001e940: 2020 2077 6974 686f 7574 2069 742e 0a0a without it...\n-0001e950: e280 9873 7461 6765 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...stage2.... \n-0001e960: 2020 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 206e 6f20 GRUB 2 has no \n-0001e970: 7369 6e67 6c65 2053 7461 6765 2032 2069 single Stage 2 i\n-0001e980: 6d61 6765 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 mage. Instead, \n-0001e990: 6974 206c 6f61 6473 206d 6f64 756c 6573 it loads modules\n-0001e9a0: 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 from. .../b\n-0001e9b0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9920 6174 2072 oot/grub... at r\n-0001e9c0: 756e 2d74 696d 652e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 un-time......sta\n-0001e9d0: 6765 325f 656c 746f 7269 746f e280 990a ge2_eltorito....\n-0001e9e0: 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 In GRUB 2, \n-0001e9f0: 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 images for booti\n-0001ea00: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 ng from CD-ROM d\n-0001ea10: 7269 7665 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 770a 2020 rives are now. \n-0001ea20: 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 2075 constructed u\n-0001ea30: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 sing ...cdboot.i\n-0001ea40: 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9863 6f72 mg... and ...cor\n-0001ea50: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 e.img..., making\n-0001ea60: 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 sure that the. \n-0001ea70: 2020 2020 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2063 core image c\n-0001ea80: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 e280 9869 ontains the ...i\n-0001ea90: 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 so9660... module\n-0001eaa0: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 . It is usually\n-0001eab0: 2062 6573 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 best to. us\n-0001eac0: 6520 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b e the ...grub-mk\n-0001ead0: 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 rescue... progra\n-0001eae0: 6d20 666f 7220 7468 6973 2e0a 0ae2 8098 m for this......\n-0001eaf0: 6e62 6772 7562 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 nbgrub.... T\n-0001eb00: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6173 2079 6574 206e here is as yet n\n-0001eb10: 6f20 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2066 6f72 o equivalent for\n-0001eb20: 20e2 8098 6e62 6772 7562 e280 9920 696e ...nbgrub... in\n-0001eb30: 2047 5255 4220 323b 2069 7420 7761 7320 GRUB 2; it was \n-0001eb40: 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6279 2045 7468 used. by Eth\n-0001eb50: 6572 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 erboot and some \n-0001eb60: 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f other network bo\n-0001eb70: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ot loaders......\n-0001eb80: 7078 6567 7275 62e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 pxegrub.... \n-0001eb90: 496e 2047 5255 4220 322c 2069 6d61 6765 In GRUB 2, image\n-0001eba0: 7320 666f 7220 5058 4520 6e65 7477 6f72 s for PXE networ\n-0001ebb0: 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6172 6520 6e6f k booting are no\n-0001ebc0: 7720 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 6420 7573 w constructed us\n-0001ebd0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7078 6562 ing. ...pxeb\n-0001ebe0: 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 oot.img... and .\n-0001ebf0: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 206d ..core.img..., m\n-0001ec00: 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 aking sure that \n-0001ec10: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 the core image. \n-0001ec20: 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 contains the\n-0001ec30: 20e2 8098 7078 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 ...pxe... and .\n-0001ec40: 8098 7078 6563 6d64 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 ..pxecmd... modu\n-0001ec50: 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 les. *Note Netw\n-0001ec60: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n-0001ec70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0001ec80: 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a : Core image siz\n-0001ec90: 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e e limitation, N\n-0001eca0: 6578 743a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c ext: Filesystem,\n-0001ecb0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 Prev: Images, \n-0001ecc0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3132 2043 6f72 Up: Top..12 Cor\n-0001ecd0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d e image size lim\n-0001ece0: 6974 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a itation.********\n+0001d150: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f 6d65 206c ********..Some l\n+0001d160: 6170 746f 7020 7665 6e64 6f72 7320 7072 aptop vendors pr\n+0001d170: 6f76 6964 6520 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f ovide an additio\n+0001d180: 6e61 6c20 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 2062 7574 nal power-on but\n+0001d190: 746f 6e20 7768 6963 6820 626f 6f74 730a ton which boots.\n+0001d1a0: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 4f53 2e20 4752 5542 another OS. GRUB\n+0001d1b0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7375 6368 2062 supports such b\n+0001d1c0: 7574 746f 6e73 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 uttons with the \n+0001d1d0: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f ...GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n+0001d1e0: 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 0ae2 8098 4752 BUTTON...,....GR\n+0001d1f0: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 UB_TIMEOUT_STYLE\n+0001d200: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 _BUTTON..., ...G\n+0001d210: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 RUB_DEFAULT_BUTT\n+0001d220: 4f4e e280 992c 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 4752 ON..., and....GR\n+0001d230: 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 UB_BUTTON_CMOS_A\n+0001d240: 4444 5245 5353 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 DDRESS... variab\n+0001d250: 6c65 7320 696e 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 les in default/g\n+0001d260: 7275 6220 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c rub (*note Simpl\n+0001d270: 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e.configuration:\n+0001d280: 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d :). ...GRUB_TIM\n+0001d290: 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 EOUT_BUTTON..., \n+0001d2a0: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f ...GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n+0001d2b0: 5354 594c 455f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c STYLE_BUTTON...,\n+0001d2c0: 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 .and ...GRUB_DEF\n+0001d2d0: 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2061 AULT_BUTTON... a\n+0001d2e0: 7265 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 6420 re used instead \n+0001d2f0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e of the correspon\n+0001d300: 6469 6e67 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 ding.variables w\n+0001d310: 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 ithout the ..._B\n+0001d320: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2073 7566 6669 7820 UTTON... suffix \n+0001d330: 7768 656e 2070 6f77 6572 6564 206f 6e20 when powered on \n+0001d340: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 using the specia\n+0001d350: 6c0a 6275 7474 6f6e 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 l.button. ...GR\n+0001d360: 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 UB_BUTTON_CMOS_A\n+0001d370: 4444 5245 5353 e280 9920 6973 2076 656e DDRESS... is ven\n+0001d380: 646f 722d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2061 6e64 dor-specific and\n+0001d390: 2070 6172 7469 616c 6c79 0a6d 6f64 656c partially.model\n+0001d3a0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 632e 2020 5661 6c75 -specific. Valu\n+0001d3b0: 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 es known to the \n+0001d3c0: 4752 5542 2074 6561 6d20 6172 653a 0a0a GRUB team are:..\n+0001d3d0: 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 5320 4d31 3333 304d . 121:3.. \n+0001d400: 2020 2038 353a 330a 3c44 656c 6c20 4c61 85:3.. \n+0001d420: 2020 2038 353a 330a 3c41 7375 7320 4565 85:3.. \n+0001d440: 2038 343a 3120 2875 6e63 6f6e 6669 726d 84:1 (unconfirm\n+0001d450: 6564 290a 3c4c 454e 4f56 4f20 5468 696e ed).. 101:3\n+0001d480: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7461 6b65 2066 756c .. To take ful\n+0001d490: 6c20 6164 7661 6e74 6167 6520 6f66 2074 l advantage of t\n+0001d4a0: 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e his function, in\n+0001d4b0: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6e74 6f20 stall GRUB into \n+0001d4c0: 7468 6520 4d42 520a 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 the MBR.(*note I\n+0001d4d0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 nstalling GRUB u\n+0001d4e0: 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c sing grub-instal\n+0001d4f0: 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 l::)... If you\n+0001d500: 2068 6176 6520 6120 6c61 7074 6f70 2077 have a laptop w\n+0001d510: 6869 6368 2068 6173 2061 2073 696d 696c hich has a simil\n+0001d520: 6172 2066 6561 7475 7265 2061 6e64 206e ar feature and n\n+0001d530: 6f74 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 650a ot in the above.\n+0001d540: 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 6c64 2079 6f75 2066 list could you f\n+0001d550: 6967 7572 6520 796f 7572 2061 6464 7265 igure your addre\n+0001d560: 7373 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 ss and contribut\n+0001d570: 653f 2020 546f 2064 6973 636f 7665 7220 e? To discover \n+0001d580: 7468 650a 6164 6472 6573 7320 646f 2074 the.address do t\n+0001d590: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 2020 he following:. \n+0001d5a0: 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 7420 6e6f 726d 616c ... boot normal\n+0001d5b0: 6c79 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2020 2020 2073 ly. ... s\n+0001d5c0: 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 206e 7672 udo modprobe nvr\n+0001d5d0: 616d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7564 am. sud\n+0001d5e0: 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 616d o cat /dev/nvram\n+0001d5f0: 207c 2078 7864 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f | xxd > normal_\n+0001d600: 6275 7474 6f6e 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 e280 button.txt. ..\n+0001d610: a220 626f 6f74 2075 7369 6e67 2076 656e . boot using ven\n+0001d620: 646f 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 0a20 2020 e280 dor button. ..\n+0001d630: a220 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 . sudo modp\n+0001d640: 726f 6265 206e 7672 616d 0a20 2020 2020 robe nvram. \n+0001d650: 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 sudo cat /d\n+0001d660: 6576 2f6e 7672 616d 207c 2078 7864 203e ev/nvram | xxd >\n+0001d670: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 7665 6e64 6f72 2e74 normal_vendor.t\n+0001d680: 7874 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 636f 6d70 xt.. Then comp\n+0001d690: 6172 6520 7468 6573 6520 7465 7874 2066 are these text f\n+0001d6a0: 696c 6573 2061 6e64 2066 696e 6420 7768 iles and find wh\n+0001d6b0: 6572 6520 6120 6269 7420 7761 7320 746f ere a bit was to\n+0001d6c0: 6767 6c65 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a69 6e20 ggled. E.g..in \n+0001d6d0: 6361 7365 206f 6620 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 case of Dell XPS\n+0001d6e0: 2069 7420 7761 733a 0a20 2020 2020 6279 it was:. by\n+0001d6f0: 7465 2030 7834 373a 2032 3020 2d2d 3e20 te 0x47: 20 --> \n+0001d700: 3238 0a20 2020 4974 2773 2061 2062 6974 28. It's a bit\n+0001d710: 206e 756d 6265 7220 3320 6173 2073 6565 number 3 as see\n+0001d720: 6e20 6672 6f6d 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 n from following\n+0001d730: 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a 3020 2020 2020 2020 table:.0 \n+0001d740: 2020 2020 2020 2030 310a 3120 2020 2020 01.1 \n+0001d750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 320a 3220 2020 02.2 \n+0001d760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 340a 3320 04.3 \n+0001d770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 380a 08.\n+0001d780: 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 4 1\n+0001d790: 300a 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 0.5 \n+0001d7a0: 2032 300a 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 20.6 \n+0001d7b0: 2020 2034 300a 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 40.7 \n+0001d7c0: 2020 2020 2038 300a 0a20 2020 3078 3437 80.. 0x47\n+0001d7d0: 2069 7320 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 3731 2e20 is decimal 71. \n+0001d7e0: 204c 696e 7578 206e 7672 616d 2069 6d70 Linux nvram imp\n+0001d7f0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6375 7473 lementation cuts\n+0001d800: 2066 6972 7374 2031 3420 6279 7465 730a first 14 bytes.\n+0001d810: 6f66 2043 4d4f 532e 2053 6f20 7468 6520 of CMOS. So the \n+0001d820: 7265 616c 2062 7974 6520 6164 6472 6573 real byte addres\n+0001d830: 7320 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6973 2037 312b s in CMOS is 71+\n+0001d840: 3134 3d38 3520 536f 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 14=85 So complet\n+0001d850: 650a 6164 6472 6573 7320 6973 2038 353a e.address is 85:\n+0001d860: 330a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 3....File: grub.\n+0001d870: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6d61 info, Node: Ima\n+0001d880: 6765 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 7265 ges, Next: Core\n+0001d890: 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 image size limi\n+0001d8a0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2056 tation, Prev: V\n+0001d8b0: 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b endor power-on k\n+0001d8c0: 6579 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 eys, Up: Top..1\n+0001d8d0: 3120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 1 GRUB image fil\n+0001d8e0: 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a es.*************\n+0001d8f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e ******..GRUB con\n+0001d900: 7369 7374 7320 6f66 2073 6576 6572 616c sists of several\n+0001d910: 2069 6d61 6765 733a 2061 2076 6172 6965 images: a varie\n+0001d920: 7479 206f 6620 626f 6f74 7374 7261 7020 ty of bootstrap \n+0001d930: 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 0a73 7461 7274 images for.start\n+0001d940: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e20 7661 7269 ing GRUB in vari\n+0001d950: 6f75 7320 7761 7973 2c20 6120 6b65 726e ous ways, a kern\n+0001d960: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 6120 el image, and a \n+0001d970: 7365 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a77 set of modules.w\n+0001d980: 6869 6368 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 6269 6e65 hich are combine\n+0001d990: 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 d with the kerne\n+0001d9a0: 6c20 696d 6167 6520 746f 2066 6f72 6d20 l image to form \n+0001d9b0: 6120 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2048 a core image. H\n+0001d9c0: 6572 6520 6973 0a61 2073 686f 7274 206f ere is.a short o\n+0001d9d0: 7665 7276 6965 7720 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e verview of them.\n+0001d9e0: 0a0a e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 .....boot.img...\n+0001d9f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 . On PC BIOS\n+0001da00: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 2069 systems, this i\n+0001da10: 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 mage is the firs\n+0001da20: 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 t part of GRUB t\n+0001da30: 6f20 7374 6172 742e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 o start.. It\n+0001da40: 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 is written to a\n+0001da50: 206d 6173 7465 7220 626f 6f74 2072 6563 master boot rec\n+0001da60: 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 6f72 2074 6f20 ord (MBR) or to \n+0001da70: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f 720a the boot sector.\n+0001da80: 2020 2020 206f 6620 6120 7061 7274 6974 of a partit\n+0001da90: 696f 6e2e 2020 4265 6361 7573 6520 6120 ion. Because a \n+0001daa0: 5043 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2069 PC boot sector i\n+0001dab0: 7320 3531 3220 6279 7465 732c 2074 6865 s 512 bytes, the\n+0001dac0: 2073 697a 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 size of. th\n+0001dad0: 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6578 6163 is image is exac\n+0001dae0: 746c 7920 3531 3220 6279 7465 732e 0a0a tly 512 bytes...\n+0001daf0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 6f6c 6520 6675 The sole fu\n+0001db00: 6e63 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9862 6f6f nction of ...boo\n+0001db10: 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 746f 2072 t.img... is to r\n+0001db20: 6561 6420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 ead the first se\n+0001db30: 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 ctor of the. \n+0001db40: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d core image from\n+0001db50: 2061 206c 6f63 616c 2064 6973 6b20 616e a local disk an\n+0001db60: 6420 6a75 6d70 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2042 d jump to it. B\n+0001db70: 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 7369 ecause of the si\n+0001db80: 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7374 7269 6374 ze. restrict\n+0001db90: 696f 6e2c 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 ion, ...boot.img\n+0001dba0: e280 9920 6361 6e6e 6f74 2075 6e64 6572 ... cannot under\n+0001dbb0: 7374 616e 6420 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 stand any file s\n+0001dbc0: 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 ystem. struc\n+0001dbd0: 7475 7265 2c20 736f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ture, so ...grub\n+0001dbe0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 6861 7264 -install... hard\n+0001dbf0: 636f 6465 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 codes the locati\n+0001dc00: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a on of the first.\n+0001dc10: 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 sector of t\n+0001dc20: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e he core image in\n+0001dc30: 746f 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 to ...boot.img..\n+0001dc40: 9920 7768 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e . when installin\n+0001dc50: 6720 4752 5542 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6469 736b g GRUB......disk\n+0001dc60: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 boot.img.... \n+0001dc70: 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 This image is u\n+0001dc80: 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 sed as the first\n+0001dc90: 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 sector of the c\n+0001dca0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e 0a20 ore image when. \n+0001dcb0: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d booting from\n+0001dcc0: 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 a hard disk. I\n+0001dcd0: 7420 7265 6164 7320 7468 6520 7265 7374 t reads the rest\n+0001dce0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 of the core ima\n+0001dcf0: 6765 2069 6e74 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 656d ge into. mem\n+0001dd00: 6f72 7920 616e 6420 7374 6172 7473 2074 ory and starts t\n+0001dd10: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5369 6e63 he kernel. Sinc\n+0001dd20: 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6861 e file system ha\n+0001dd30: 6e64 6c69 6e67 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 ndling is not. \n+0001dd40: 2020 2079 6574 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 yet available\n+0001dd50: 2c20 6974 2065 6e63 6f64 6573 2074 6865 , it encodes the\n+0001dd60: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 location of the\n+0001dd70: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7573 696e core image usin\n+0001dd80: 6720 610a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 206c g a. block l\n+0001dd90: 6973 7420 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ist format......\n+0001dda0: 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 cdboot.img.... \n+0001ddb0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 This image is\n+0001ddc0: 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 2066 6972 used as the fir\n+0001ddd0: 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 st sector of the\n+0001dde0: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e core image when\n+0001ddf0: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 . booting fr\n+0001de00: 6f6d 2061 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6472 6976 om a CD-ROM driv\n+0001de10: 652e 2020 4974 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 e. It performs \n+0001de20: 6120 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6675 6e63 7469 a similar functi\n+0001de30: 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6469 on to. ...di\n+0001de40: 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a skboot.img......\n+0001de50: e280 9870 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ...pxeboot.img..\n+0001de60: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 .. This imag\n+0001de70: 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 e is used as the\n+0001de80: 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f start of the co\n+0001de90: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 6e20 626f re image when bo\n+0001dea0: 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 oting from. \n+0001deb0: 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7573 696e the network usin\n+0001dec0: 6720 5058 452e 202a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 g PXE. *Note Net\n+0001ded0: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6c6e 7862 work::......lnxb\n+0001dee0: 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 oot.img.... \n+0001def0: 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 206d 6179 2062 This image may b\n+0001df00: 6520 706c 6163 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 e placed at the \n+0001df10: 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 start of the cor\n+0001df20: 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e 206f 7264 6572 e image in order\n+0001df30: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 4752 to. make GR\n+0001df40: 5542 206c 6f6f 6b20 656e 6f75 6768 206c UB look enough l\n+0001df50: 696b 6520 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e ike a Linux kern\n+0001df60: 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 el that it can b\n+0001df70: 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 e booted by. \n+0001df80: 204c 494c 4f20 7573 696e 6720 616e 20e2 LILO using an .\n+0001df90: 8098 696d 6167 653d e280 9920 7365 6374 ..image=... sect\n+0001dfa0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a e280 986b 6572 6e65 6c2e ion......kernel.\n+0001dfb0: 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 img.... This\n+0001dfc0: 2069 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 image contains \n+0001dfd0: 4752 5542 2773 2062 6173 6963 2072 756e GRUB's basic run\n+0001dfe0: 2d74 696d 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 -time facilities\n+0001dff0: 3a20 6672 616d 6577 6f72 6b73 0a20 2020 : frameworks. \n+0001e000: 2020 666f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 for device and\n+0001e010: 2066 696c 6520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c20 file handling, \n+0001e020: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0001e030: 6162 6c65 732c 2074 6865 2072 6573 6375 ables, the rescu\n+0001e040: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 636f 6d6d e. mode comm\n+0001e050: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2070 6172 7365 722c and-line parser,\n+0001e060: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 and so on. It \n+0001e070: 6973 2072 6172 656c 7920 7573 6564 2064 is rarely used d\n+0001e080: 6972 6563 746c 792c 0a20 2020 2020 6275 irectly,. bu\n+0001e090: 7420 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 t is built into \n+0001e0a0: 616c 6c20 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 732e all core images.\n+0001e0b0: 0a0a e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 .....core.img...\n+0001e0c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7468 . This is th\n+0001e0d0: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 206f 6620 e core image of \n+0001e0e0: 4752 5542 2e20 4974 2069 7320 6275 696c GRUB. It is buil\n+0001e0f0: 7420 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6672 t dynamically fr\n+0001e100: 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e om the. kern\n+0001e110: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 el image and an \n+0001e120: 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 6c69 7374 206f arbitrary list o\n+0001e130: 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6279 2074 6865 f modules by the\n+0001e140: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 ...grub-mkimage\n+0001e150: e280 990a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d .... program\n+0001e160: 2e20 2055 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2063 . Usually, it c\n+0001e170: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 656e 6f75 6768 206d ontains enough m\n+0001e180: 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 odules to access\n+0001e190: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 . .../boot/g\n+0001e1a0: 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 rub..., and load\n+0001e1b0: 7320 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 s everything els\n+0001e1c0: 6520 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206d 656e e (including men\n+0001e1d0: 7520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 u handling,. \n+0001e1e0: 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 the ability to \n+0001e1f0: 6c6f 6164 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f70 6572 load target oper\n+0001e200: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 ating systems, a\n+0001e210: 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2920 6672 6f6d 2074 nd so on) from t\n+0001e220: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 he. file sys\n+0001e230: 7465 6d20 6174 2072 756e 2d74 696d 652e tem at run-time.\n+0001e240: 2020 5468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c61 7220 6465 The modular de\n+0001e250: 7369 676e 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7468 6520 sign allows the \n+0001e260: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 core image. \n+0001e270: 746f 2062 6520 6b65 7074 2073 6d61 6c6c to be kept small\n+0001e280: 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 7468 6520 6172 6561 , since the area\n+0001e290: 7320 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 7768 6572 6520 s of disk where \n+0001e2a0: 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 it must be. \n+0001e2b0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6172 6520 6f66 installed are of\n+0001e2c0: 7465 6e20 6173 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 7320 ten as small as \n+0001e2d0: 3332 4b42 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 32KB... *Not\n+0001e2e0: 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 e BIOS installat\n+0001e2f0: 696f 6e3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 ion::, for detai\n+0001e300: 6c73 206f 6e20 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 ls on where the \n+0001e310: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2063 616e 0a20 core image can. \n+0001e320: 2020 2020 6265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 be installed\n+0001e330: 206f 6e20 5043 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a on PC systems..\n+0001e340: 0ae2 8098 2a2e 6d6f 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 ....*.mod.... \n+0001e350: 2020 4576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 Everything els\n+0001e360: 6520 696e 2047 5255 4220 7265 7369 6465 e in GRUB reside\n+0001e370: 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 s in dynamically\n+0001e380: 206c 6f61 6461 626c 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 loadable module\n+0001e390: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6573 6520 6172 s.. These ar\n+0001e3a0: 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 e often loaded a\n+0001e3b0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 6f72 utomatically, or\n+0001e3c0: 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 built into the \n+0001e3d0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 core image. \n+0001e3e0: 6966 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6573 7365 if they are esse\n+0001e3f0: 6e74 6961 6c2c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2061 ntial, but may a\n+0001e400: 6c73 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d61 lso be loaded ma\n+0001e410: 6e75 616c 6c79 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 nually using the\n+0001e420: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 . ...insmod.\n+0001e430: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 .. command (*not\n+0001e440: 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 292e 0a0a 466f e insmod::)...Fo\n+0001e450: 7220 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 7573 r GRUB Legacy us\n+0001e460: 6572 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ers.============\n+0001e470: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 =========..GRUB \n+0001e480: 3220 6861 7320 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 2 has a differen\n+0001e490: 7420 6465 7369 676e 2066 726f 6d20 4752 t design from GR\n+0001e4a0: 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2061 6e64 2073 UB Legacy, and s\n+0001e4b0: 6f20 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 656e 6365 o correspondence\n+0001e4c0: 730a 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 s.with the image\n+0001e4d0: 7320 6974 2075 7365 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 s it used cannot\n+0001e4e0: 2062 6520 6578 6163 742e 2020 4e65 7665 be exact. Neve\n+0001e4f0: 7274 6865 6c65 7373 2c20 4752 5542 204c rtheless, GRUB L\n+0001e500: 6567 6163 790a 7573 6572 7320 6f66 7465 egacy.users ofte\n+0001e510: 6e20 6173 6b20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 7320 n ask questions \n+0001e520: 696e 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 2074 6865 in the terms the\n+0001e530: 7920 6172 6520 6661 6d69 6c69 6172 2077 y are familiar w\n+0001e540: 6974 682c 2061 6e64 2073 6f0a 6865 7265 ith, and so.here\n+0001e550: 2069 7320 6120 6272 6965 6620 6775 6964 is a brief guid\n+0001e560: 6520 746f 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 3227 e to how GRUB 2'\n+0001e570: 7320 696d 6167 6573 2072 656c 6174 6520 s images relate \n+0001e580: 746f 2074 6861 742e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 to that......sta\n+0001e590: 6765 31e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5374 6167 ge1.... 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How\n+0001e710: 6576 6572 2c20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d ever, ...core.im\n+0001e720: 67e2 8099 2069 7320 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 g... is much mor\n+0001e730: 6520 6361 7061 626c 650a 2020 2020 2074 e capable. t\n+0001e740: 6861 6e20 5374 6167 6520 312e 3520 7761 han Stage 1.5 wa\n+0001e750: 733b 2073 696e 6365 2069 7420 6f66 6665 s; since it offe\n+0001e760: 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c rs a rescue shel\n+0001e770: 6c2c 2069 7420 6973 2073 6f6d 6574 696d l, it is sometim\n+0001e780: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7373 6962 6c65 es. possible\n+0001e790: 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 7220 6d61 6e75 to recover manu\n+0001e7a0: 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6576 656e ally in the even\n+0001e7b0: 7420 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 2075 6e61 t that it is una\n+0001e7c0: 626c 6520 746f 206c 6f61 640a 2020 2020 ble to load. \n+0001e7d0: 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c any other modul\n+0001e7e0: 6573 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 es, for example \n+0001e7f0: 6966 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d if partition num\n+0001e800: 6265 7273 2068 6176 6520 6368 616e 6765 bers have change\n+0001e810: 642e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f72 652e d.. ...core.\n+0001e820: 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 img... is built \n+0001e830: 696e 2061 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 in a more flexib\n+0001e840: 6c65 2077 6179 2c20 616c 6c6f 7769 6e67 le way, allowing\n+0001e850: 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 GRUB 2 to. \n+0001e860: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 support reading \n+0001e870: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 6476 modules from adv\n+0001e880: 616e 6365 6420 6469 736b 2074 7970 6573 anced disk types\n+0001e890: 2073 7563 6820 6173 204c 564d 2061 6e64 such as LVM and\n+0001e8a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4944 2e0a 0a20 2020 . 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Instead\n+0001e990: 2c20 6974 206c 6f61 6473 206d 6f64 756c , it loads modul\n+0001e9a0: 6573 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 es from. ...\n+0001e9b0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9920 6174 /boot/grub... at\n+0001e9c0: 2072 756e 2d74 696d 652e 0a0a e280 9873 run-time......s\n+0001e9d0: 7461 6765 325f 656c 746f 7269 746f e280 tage2_eltorito..\n+0001e9e0: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 .. In GRUB 2\n+0001e9f0: 2c20 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f , images for boo\n+0001ea00: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4344 2d52 4f4d ting from CD-ROM\n+0001ea10: 2064 7269 7665 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 770a drives are now.\n+0001ea20: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 constructed\n+0001ea30: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 using ...cdboot\n+0001ea40: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9863 .img... and ...c\n+0001ea50: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 6d61 6b69 ore.img..., maki\n+0001ea60: 6e67 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 ng sure that the\n+0001ea70: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 . core image\n+0001ea80: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 e280 contains the ..\n+0001ea90: 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 .iso9660... modu\n+0001eaa0: 6c65 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2075 7375 616c le. It is usual\n+0001eab0: 6c79 2062 6573 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ly best to. \n+0001eac0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d use the ...grub-\n+0001ead0: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 mkrescue... prog\n+0001eae0: 7261 6d20 666f 7220 7468 6973 2e0a 0ae2 ram for this....\n+0001eaf0: 8098 6e62 6772 7562 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..nbgrub.... \n+0001eb00: 2054 6865 7265 2069 7320 6173 2079 6574 There is as yet\n+0001eb10: 206e 6f20 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2066 no equivalent f\n+0001eb20: 6f72 20e2 8098 6e62 6772 7562 e280 9920 or ...nbgrub... \n+0001eb30: 696e 2047 5255 4220 323b 2069 7420 7761 in GRUB 2; it wa\n+0001eb40: 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6279 2045 s used. by E\n+0001eb50: 7468 6572 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d therboot and som\n+0001eb60: 6520 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 e other network \n+0001eb70: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2e0a 0ae2 boot loaders....\n+0001eb80: 8098 7078 6567 7275 62e2 8099 0a20 2020 ..pxegrub.... \n+0001eb90: 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 322c 2069 6d61 In GRUB 2, ima\n+0001eba0: 6765 7320 666f 7220 5058 4520 6e65 7477 ges for PXE netw\n+0001ebb0: 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6172 6520 ork booting are \n+0001ebc0: 6e6f 7720 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 6420 now constructed \n+0001ebd0: 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7078 using. ...px\n+0001ebe0: 6562 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 eboot.img... and\n+0001ebf0: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c ...core.img...,\n+0001ec00: 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 6861 making sure tha\n+0001ec10: 7420 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 t the core image\n+0001ec20: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 . contains t\n+0001ec30: 6865 20e2 8098 7078 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 he ...pxe... and\n+0001ec40: 20e2 8098 7078 6563 6d64 e280 9920 6d6f ...pxecmd... mo\n+0001ec50: 6475 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 dules. *Note Ne\n+0001ec60: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n+0001ec70: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0001ec80: 6465 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 de: Core image s\n+0001ec90: 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 ize limitation, \n+0001eca0: 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 Next: Filesyste\n+0001ecb0: 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496d 6167 6573 m, Prev: Images\n+0001ecc0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3132 2043 , Up: Top..12 C\n+0001ecd0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c ore image size l\n+0001ece0: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a imitation.******\n 0001ecf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001ed00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a48 6561 7669 6c79 206c *****..Heavily l\n-0001ed10: 696d 6974 6564 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 imited platforms\n-0001ed20: 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 :. ... i386-pc\n-0001ed30: 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 2061 6e64 2050 5845 (normal and PXE\n-0001ed40: 293a 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 ): the core imag\n-0001ed50: 6520 7369 7a65 2028 636f 6d70 7265 7373 e size (compress\n-0001ed60: 6564 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 ed) is. limi\n-0001ed70: 7465 6420 6279 2034 3538 3234 3020 6279 ted by 458240 by\n-0001ed80: 7465 732e 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 tes. kernel.img\n-0001ed90: 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 (.text + .data \n-0001eda0: 2b20 2e62 7373 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 + .bss,. unc\n-0001edb0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 7320 6c69 ompressed) is li\n-0001edc0: 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2033 3932 3730 3420 mited by 392704 \n-0001edd0: 6279 7465 732e 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 bytes. module s\n-0001ede0: 697a 650a 2020 2020 2028 756e 636f 6d70 ize. (uncomp\n-0001edf0: 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 6b65 726e 656c ressed) + kernel\n-0001ee00: 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 .img (.text + .d\n-0001ee10: 6174 612c 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 ata, uncompresse\n-0001ee20: 6429 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 d) is. limit\n-0001ee30: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f ed by the size o\n-0001ee40: 6620 636f 6e74 6967 756f 7573 2063 6875 f contiguous chu\n-0001ee50: 6e6b 2061 7420 314d 2061 6464 7265 7373 nk at 1M address\n-0001ee60: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2073 7061 7263 3634 .. ... sparc64\n-0001ee70: 2d69 6565 6531 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 -ieee1275: kerne\n-0001ee80: 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e l.img (.text + .\n-0001ee90: 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d data + .bss) + m\n-0001eea0: 6f64 756c 6573 202b 0a20 2020 2020 3235 odules +. 25\n-0001eeb0: 364b 2028 7374 6163 6b29 202b 2032 4d20 6K (stack) + 2M \n-0001eec0: 2868 6561 7029 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 (heap) is limite\n-0001eed0: 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 2061 7661 696c d by space avail\n-0001eee0: 6162 6c65 2061 7420 3078 3434 3030 2e0a able at 0x4400..\n-0001eef0: 2020 2020 204f 6e20 6d6f 7374 2070 6c61 On most pla\n-0001ef00: 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 7427 7320 6a75 7374 tforms it's just\n-0001ef10: 2033 206f 7220 344d 2073 696e 6365 2069 3 or 4M since i\n-0001ef20: 6565 6531 3237 3520 6d61 7073 206f 6e6c eee1275 maps onl\n-0001ef30: 7920 736f 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 6368 2e0a y so. much..\n-0001ef40: 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 6965 6565 ... i386-ieee\n-0001ef50: 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 1275: kernel.img\n-0001ef60: 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 (.text + .data \n-0001ef70: 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 + .bss) + module\n-0001ef80: 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 s is. limite\n-0001ef90: 6420 6279 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6176 6169 d by memory avai\n-0001efa0: 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 7831 3030 3030 lable at 0x10000\n-0001efb0: 2c20 6174 206d 6f73 7420 3539 364b 0a0a , at most 596K..\n-0001efc0: 2020 204c 6967 6874 6c79 206c 696d 6974 Lightly limit\n-0001efd0: 6564 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3a0a 0a20 ed platforms:.. \n-0001efe0: 2020 e280 a220 2a2d 7865 6e3a 206c 696d ... *-xen: lim\n-0001eff0: 6974 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 6279 2061 6472 ited only by adr\n-0001f000: 6573 7320 7370 6163 6520 616e 6420 5241 ess space and RA\n-0001f010: 4d20 7369 7a65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 M size.. ... i\n-0001f020: 3338 362d 7165 6d75 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 386-qemu: kernel\n-0001f030: 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 .img (.text + .d\n-0001f040: 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 6973 206c ata + .bss) is l\n-0001f050: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 3237 3034 imited by 392704\n-0001f060: 0a20 2020 2020 6279 7465 732e 2020 2863 . bytes. (c\n-0001f070: 6f72 652e 696d 6720 776f 756c 6420 6265 ore.img would be\n-0001f080: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 524f 4d20 limited by ROM \n-0001f090: 7369 7a65 2062 7574 2069 7427 7320 756e size but it's un\n-0001f0a0: 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e20 limited. on \n-0001f0b0: 7165 6d75 0a20 2020 e280 a220 416c 6c20 qemu. ... All \n-0001f0c0: 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 733a 206c EFI platforms: l\n-0001f0d0: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 636f 6e74 6967 imited by contig\n-0001f0e0: 756f 7573 2052 414d 2073 697a 6520 616e uous RAM size an\n-0001f0f0: 6420 706f 7373 6962 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 d possibly. \n-0001f100: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2062 7567 730a 2020 firmware bugs. \n-0001f110: 20e2 80a2 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 616e ... 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Lightly lim\n+0001efd0: 6974 6564 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3a0a ited platforms:.\n+0001efe0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2a2d 7865 6e3a 206c . ... *-xen: l\n+0001eff0: 696d 6974 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 6279 2061 imited only by a\n+0001f000: 6472 6573 7320 7370 6163 6520 616e 6420 dress space and \n+0001f010: 5241 4d20 7369 7a65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 RAM size.. ...\n+0001f020: 2069 3338 362d 7165 6d75 3a20 6b65 726e i386-qemu: kern\n+0001f030: 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 el.img (.text + \n+0001f040: 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 6973 .data + .bss) is\n+0001f050: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 3237 limited by 3927\n+0001f060: 3034 0a20 2020 2020 6279 7465 732e 2020 04. bytes. \n+0001f070: 2863 6f72 652e 696d 6720 776f 756c 6420 (core.img would \n+0001f080: 6265 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 524f be limited by RO\n+0001f090: 4d20 7369 7a65 2062 7574 2069 7427 7320 M size but it's \n+0001f0a0: 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 2020 2020 206f unlimited. o\n+0001f0b0: 6e20 7165 6d75 0a20 2020 e280 a220 416c n qemu. ... Al\n+0001f0c0: 6c20 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 733a l EFI platforms:\n+0001f0d0: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 636f 6e74 limited by cont\n+0001f0e0: 6967 756f 7573 2052 414d 2073 697a 6520 iguous RAM size \n+0001f0f0: 616e 6420 706f 7373 6962 6c79 0a20 2020 and possibly. \n+0001f100: 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 2062 7567 730a firmware bugs.\n+0001f110: 2020 20e2 80a2 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 ... Coreboot \n+0001f120: 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742e 2020 and multiboot. \n+0001f130: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 kernel.img (.tex\n+0001f140: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 t + .data + .bss\n+0001f150: 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 ) is. limite\n+0001f160: 6420 6279 2033 3932 3730 3420 6279 7465 d by 392704 byte\n+0001f170: 732e 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 697a 6520 s. module size \n+0001f180: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 is limited by th\n+0001f190: 6520 7369 7a65 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 e size of. c\n+0001f1a0: 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 7320 6368 756e 6b20 ontiguous chunk \n+0001f1b0: 6174 2031 4d20 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a20 at 1M address.. \n+0001f1c0: 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f ... mipsel-loo\n+0001f1d0: 6e67 736f 6e20 2845 4c46 292c 206d 6970 ngson (ELF), mip\n+0001f1e0: 7328 656c 292d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 s(el)-qemu_mips \n+0001f1f0: 2845 4c46 293a 2069 6620 756e 636f 6d70 (ELF): if uncomp\n+0001f200: 7265 7373 6564 3a0a 2020 2020 206b 6572 ressed:. ker\n+0001f210: 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b nel.img (.text +\n+0001f220: 202e 6461 7461 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 .data) + module\n+0001f230: 7320 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 s is limited by \n+0001f240: 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 0a20 the space from. \n+0001f250: 2020 2020 3830 3230 3030 3030 2066 6f72 80200000 for\n+0001f260: 7761 7264 2069 6620 636f 6d70 7265 7373 ward if compress\n+0001f270: 6564 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 ed: kernel.img (\n+0001f280: 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 612c 0a20 .text + .data,. \n+0001f290: 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 uncompressed\n+0001f2a0: 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2875 6e63 ) + modules (unc\n+0001f2b0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 2028 6d6f ompressed) + (mo\n+0001f2c0: 6475 6c65 7320 2b20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 dules + kernel.i\n+0001f2d0: 6d67 0a20 2020 2020 282e 7465 7874 202b mg. (.text +\n+0001f2e0: 202e 6461 7461 2929 2028 636f 6d70 7265 .data)) (compre\n+0001f2f0: 7373 6564 2920 2b20 6465 636f 6d70 7265 ssed) + decompre\n+0001f300: 7373 6f72 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 ssor is limited \n+0001f310: 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6163 by the. spac\n+0001f320: 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 3032 3030 3030 3020 e from 80200000 \n+0001f330: 666f 7277 6172 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d forward. ... m\n+0001f340: 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 ipsel-loongson (\n+0001f350: 466c 6173 6829 2c20 6d69 7073 2865 6c29 Flash), mips(el)\n+0001f360: 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2028 466c 6173 -qemu_mips (Flas\n+0001f370: 6829 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 0a20 h): kernel.img. \n+0001f380: 2020 2020 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 (.text + .da\n+0001f390: 7461 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 ta) + modules is\n+0001f3a0: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 limited by the \n+0001f3b0: 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 3032 3030 space from 80200\n+0001f3c0: 3030 300a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 7761 7264 000. forward\n+0001f3d0: 2063 6f72 652e 696d 6720 2866 696e 616c core.img (final\n+0001f3e0: 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 ) is limited by \n+0001f3f0: 666c 6173 6820 7369 7a65 2028 3531 324b flash size (512K\n+0001f400: 206f 6e20 7965 656c 6f6f 6e67 0a20 2020 on yeeloong. \n+0001f410: 2020 616e 6420 6675 6c6f 6f6f 6e67 290a and fulooong).\n+0001f420: 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 732d 6172 633a ... mips-arc:\n+0001f430: 2069 6620 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 if uncompressed\n+0001f440: 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 : kernel.img (.t\n+0001f450: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 2069 7320 ext + .data) is \n+0001f460: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 limited by. \n+0001f470: 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 the space from 8\n+0001f480: 6264 3030 3030 3020 666f 7277 6172 6420 bd00000 forward \n+0001f490: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b20 6475 6d6d 7920 modules + dummy \n+0001f4a0: 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 2069 730a decompressor is.\n+0001f4b0: 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 limited by \n+0001f4c0: 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 the space from 8\n+0001f4d0: 6264 3030 3030 3020 6261 636b 7761 7264 bd00000 backward\n+0001f4e0: 2069 6620 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 3a0a if compressed:.\n+0001f4f0: 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 kernel.img \n+0001f500: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2c20 (.text + .data, \n+0001f510: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 uncompressed) is\n+0001f520: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 limited by the \n+0001f530: 7370 6163 650a 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d20 space. from \n+0001f540: 3862 6430 3030 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 8bd00000 forward\n+0001f550: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 756e 636f 6d70 modules (uncomp\n+0001f560: 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 286d 6f64 756c ressed) + (modul\n+0001f570: 6573 202b 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c es +. kernel\n+0001f580: 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 .img (.text + .d\n+0001f590: 6174 6129 2920 2863 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 ata)) (compresse\n+0001f5a0: 642c 2061 6c69 676e 6564 2074 6f20 314d d, aligned to 1M\n+0001f5b0: 2920 2b20 314d 0a20 2020 2020 2864 6563 ) + 1M. (dec\n+0001f5c0: 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 7220 2b20 7363 7261 ompressor + scra\n+0001f5d0: 7463 6820 7370 6163 6529 2069 7320 6c69 tch space) is li\n+0001f5e0: 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 mited by the spa\n+0001f5f0: 6365 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2038 6264 ce from. 8bd\n+0001f600: 3030 3030 3020 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 00000 backward. \n+0001f610: 2020 e280 a220 706f 7765 7270 632d 6965 ... powerpc-ie\n+0001f620: 6565 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 ee1275: kernel.i\n+0001f630: 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 mg (.text + .dat\n+0001f640: 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 a + .bss) + modu\n+0001f650: 6c65 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 les is. limi\n+0001f660: 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 2061 7661 ted by space ava\n+0001f670: 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 3078 3230 3030 ilable at 0x2000\n+0001f680: 3030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 00....File: grub\n+0001f690: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 .info, Node: Fi\n+0001f6a0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 204e 6578 743a lesystem, Next:\n+0001f6b0: 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2050 7265 Interface, Pre\n+0001f6c0: 763a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 v: Core image si\n+0001f6d0: 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 ze limitation, \n+0001f6e0: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3320 4669 6c65 Up: Top..13 File\n+0001f6f0: 7379 7374 656d 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e system syntax an\n+0001f700: 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 730a 2a2a 2a2a d semantics.****\n 0001f710: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001f720: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 ************..GR\n-0001f730: 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 UB uses a specia\n-0001f740: 6c20 7379 6e74 6178 2066 6f72 2073 7065 l syntax for spe\n-0001f750: 6369 6679 696e 6720 6469 736b 2064 7269 cifying disk dri\n-0001f760: 7665 7320 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 ves which can be\n-0001f770: 0a61 6363 6573 7365 6420 6279 2042 494f .accessed by BIO\n-0001f780: 532e 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 4249 S. Because of BI\n-0001f790: 4f53 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 OS limitations, \n-0001f7a0: 4752 5542 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6469 7374 GRUB cannot dist\n-0001f7b0: 696e 6775 6973 680a 6265 7477 6565 6e20 inguish.between \n-0001f7c0: 4944 452c 2045 5344 492c 2053 4353 492c IDE, ESDI, SCSI,\n-0001f7d0: 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2059 6f75 or others. You\n-0001f7e0: 206d 7573 7420 6b6e 6f77 2079 6f75 7273 must know yours\n-0001f7f0: 656c 6620 7768 6963 6820 4249 4f53 0a64 elf which BIOS.d\n-0001f800: 6576 6963 6520 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c evice is equival\n-0001f810: 656e 7420 746f 2077 6869 6368 204f 5320 ent to which OS \n-0001f820: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c device. Normall\n-0001f830: 792c 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 y, that will be \n-0001f840: 636c 6561 720a 6966 2079 6f75 2073 6565 clear.if you see\n-0001f850: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6120 the files in a \n-0001f860: 6465 7669 6365 206f 7220 7573 6520 7468 device or use th\n-0001f870: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 e command ...sea\n-0001f880: 7263 68e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 7365 rch... (*note.se\n-0001f890: 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 arch::)...* Menu\n-0001f8a0: 3a0a 0a2a 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 :..* Device synt\n-0001f8b0: 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ax:: \n-0001f8c0: 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 How to specif\n-0001f8d0: 7920 6465 7669 6365 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 y devices.* File\n-0001f8e0: 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 name syntax:: \n-0001f8f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f How to\n-0001f900: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 0a2a specify files.*\n-0001f910: 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 Block list synt\n-0001f920: 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 ax:: H\n-0001f930: 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 626c ow to specify bl\n-0001f940: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c ock lists....Fil\n-0001f950: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0001f960: 6f64 653a 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 ode: Device synt\n-0001f970: 6178 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c 6520 ax, Next: File \n-0001f980: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5570 name syntax, Up\n-0001f990: 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 : Filesystem..13\n-0001f9a0: 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 .1 How to specif\n-0001f9b0: 7920 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d y devices.======\n+0001f720: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+0001f730: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 GRUB uses a spec\n+0001f740: 6961 6c20 7379 6e74 6178 2066 6f72 2073 ial syntax for s\n+0001f750: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6469 736b 2064 pecifying disk d\n+0001f760: 7269 7665 7320 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 rives which can \n+0001f770: 6265 0a61 6363 6573 7365 6420 6279 2042 be.accessed by B\n+0001f780: 494f 532e 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 IOS. Because of \n+0001f790: 4249 4f53 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 BIOS limitations\n+0001f7a0: 2c20 4752 5542 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6469 , GRUB cannot di\n+0001f7b0: 7374 696e 6775 6973 680a 6265 7477 6565 stinguish.betwee\n+0001f7c0: 6e20 4944 452c 2045 5344 492c 2053 4353 n IDE, ESDI, SCS\n+0001f7d0: 492c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2059 I, or others. Y\n+0001f7e0: 6f75 206d 7573 7420 6b6e 6f77 2079 6f75 ou must know you\n+0001f7f0: 7273 656c 6620 7768 6963 6820 4249 4f53 rself which BIOS\n+0001f800: 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6973 2065 7175 6976 .device is equiv\n+0001f810: 616c 656e 7420 746f 2077 6869 6368 204f alent to which O\n+0001f820: 5320 6465 7669 6365 2e20 204e 6f72 6d61 S device. Norma\n+0001f830: 6c6c 792c 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 lly, that will b\n+0001f840: 6520 636c 6561 720a 6966 2079 6f75 2073 e clear.if you s\n+0001f850: 6565 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 ee the files in \n+0001f860: 6120 6465 7669 6365 206f 7220 7573 6520 a device or use \n+0001f870: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 the command ...s\n+0001f880: 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a earch... (*note.\n+0001f890: 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 search::)...* Me\n+0001f8a0: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 nu:..* Device sy\n+0001f8b0: 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ntax:: \n+0001f8c0: 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 How to spec\n+0001f8d0: 6966 7920 6465 7669 6365 730a 2a20 4669 ify devices.* Fi\n+0001f8e0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a le name syntax::\n+0001f8f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 How \n+0001f900: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 to specify files\n+0001f910: 0a2a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 .* Block list sy\n+0001f920: 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ntax:: \n+0001f930: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 How to specify \n+0001f940: 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 730a 0a1f 0a46 block lists....F\n+0001f950: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0001f960: 204e 6f64 653a 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 Node: Device sy\n+0001f970: 6e74 6178 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c ntax, Next: Fil\n+0001f980: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 e name syntax, \n+0001f990: 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a Up: Filesystem..\n+0001f9a0: 3133 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 13.1 How to spec\n+0001f9b0: 6966 7920 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d ify devices.====\n 0001f9c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001f9d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 =====..The devic\n-0001f9e0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 6c69 6b65 e syntax is like\n-0001f9f0: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 this:.. (DE\n-0001fa00: 5649 4345 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 VICE[,PARTMAP-NA\n-0001fa10: 4d45 3150 4152 542d 4e55 4d31 5b2c 5041 ME1PART-NUM1[,PA\n-0001fa20: 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 3250 4152 542d RTMAP-NAME2PART-\n-0001fa30: 4e55 4d32 5b2c 2e2e 2e5d 5d5d 290a 0a20 NUM2[,...]]]).. \n-0001fa40: 2020 e280 985b 5de2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 ...[]... means\n-0001fa50: 2074 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2069 the parameter i\n-0001fa60: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2e20 2044 4556 s optional. DEV\n-0001fa70: 4943 4520 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 ICE depends on t\n-0001fa80: 6865 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 6572 2069 he disk.driver i\n-0001fa90: 6e20 7573 652e 2020 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 n use. BIOS and\n-0001faa0: 2045 4649 2064 6973 6b73 2075 7365 2065 EFI disks use e\n-0001fab0: 6974 6865 7220 e280 9866 64e2 8099 206f ither ...fd... o\n-0001fac0: 7220 e280 9868 64e2 8099 2066 6f6c 6c6f r ...hd... follo\n-0001fad0: 7765 6420 6279 2061 0a64 6967 6974 2c20 wed by a.digit, \n-0001fae0: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6664 30e2 8099 2c20 like ...fd0..., \n-0001faf0: 6f72 20e2 8098 6364 e280 992e 2020 4148 or ...cd.... AH\n-0001fb00: 4349 2c20 5041 5441 2028 6174 6129 2c20 CI, PATA (ata), \n-0001fb10: 6372 7970 746f 2c20 5553 4220 7573 6520 crypto, USB use \n-0001fb20: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 0a6f 6620 6472 6976 the name.of driv\n-0001fb30: 6572 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 er followed by a\n-0001fb40: 206e 756d 6265 722e 2020 4d65 6d64 6973 number. Memdis\n-0001fb50: 6b20 616e 6420 686f 7374 2061 7265 206c k and host are l\n-0001fb60: 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6f6e 650a 6469 imited to one.di\n-0001fb70: 736b 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6974 2773 2072 sk and so it's r\n-0001fb80: 6566 6572 6564 206a 7573 7420 6279 2064 efered just by d\n-0001fb90: 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 2052 4149 river name. RAI\n-0001fba0: 4420 286d 6429 2c20 6f66 6469 736b 0a28 D (md), ofdisk.(\n-0001fbb0: 6965 6565 3132 3735 2061 6e64 206e 616e ieee1275 and nan\n-0001fbc0: 6429 2c20 4c56 4d20 286c 766d 292c 204c d), LVM (lvm), L\n-0001fbd0: 444d 2c20 7669 7274 696f 2028 7664 736b DM, virtio (vdsk\n-0001fbe0: 2920 616e 6420 6172 6364 6973 6b20 2861 ) and arcdisk (a\n-0001fbf0: 7263 2920 7573 650a 696e 7472 696e 7369 rc) use.intrinsi\n-0001fc00: 6320 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6469 736b 2070 c name of disk p\n-0001fc10: 7265 6669 7865 6420 6279 2064 7269 7665 refixed by drive\n-0001fc20: 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f r name. Additio\n-0001fc30: 6e61 6c6c 7920 6a75 7374 0a22 6e61 6e64 nally just.\"nand\n-0001fc40: 2220 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 6520 \" refers to the \n-0001fc50: 6469 736b 2061 6c69 6173 6564 2061 7320 disk aliased as \n-0001fc60: 226e 616e 6422 2e20 2043 6f6e 666c 6963 \"nand\". Conflic\n-0001fc70: 7473 2061 7265 2073 6f6c 7665 6420 6279 ts are solved by\n-0001fc80: 0a73 7566 6669 7869 6e67 2061 206e 756d .suffixing a num\n-0001fc90: 6265 7220 6966 206e 6563 6573 7361 7272 ber if necessarr\n-0001fca0: 792e 2020 436f 6d6d 6173 206e 6565 6420 y. Commas need \n-0001fcb0: 746f 2062 6520 6573 6361 7065 642e 2020 to be escaped. \n-0001fcc0: 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a75 7365 7320 7768 Loopback.uses wh\n-0001fcd0: 6174 6576 6572 206e 616d 6520 7370 6563 atever name spec\n-0001fce0: 6966 6965 6420 746f 20e2 8098 6c6f 6f70 ified to ...loop\n-0001fcf0: 6261 636b e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e back... command.\n-0001fd00: 2020 486f 7374 6469 736b 2075 7365 7320 Hostdisk uses \n-0001fd10: 6e61 6d65 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 names.specified \n-0001fd20: 696e 2064 6576 6963 652e 6d61 7020 6173 in device.map as\n-0001fd30: 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2069 7427 7320 6f66 long as it's of\n-0001fd40: 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d20 5b66 6863 5d64 the form [fhc]d\n-0001fd50: 5b30 2d39 5d2a 206f 720a 686f 7374 6469 [0-9]* or.hostdi\n-0001fd60: 736b 2f3c 4f53 2044 4556 4943 453e 2e20 sk/. \n-0001fd70: 2046 6f72 2063 7279 7074 6f20 616e 6420 For crypto and \n-0001fd80: 5241 4944 2028 6d64 2920 6164 6469 7469 RAID (md) additi\n-0001fd90: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 onally you can u\n-0001fda0: 7365 0a74 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 3c64 se.the syntax uuid/\n-0001fdc0: 3c75 7569 643e 2e20 2046 6f72 204c 564d . For LVM\n-0001fdd0: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f additionally yo\n-0001fde0: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 u can use.the sy\n-0001fdf0: 6e74 6178 206c 766d 6964 2f3c 766f 6c75 ntax lvmid//<\n-0001fe10: 766f 6c75 6d65 2d75 7569 643e 2e0a 0a20 volume-uuid>... \n-0001fe20: 2020 2020 2866 6430 290a 2020 2020 2028 (fd0). (\n-0001fe30: 6864 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 6429 0a20 hd0). (cd). \n-0001fe40: 2020 2020 2861 6863 6930 290a 2020 2020 (ahci0). \n-0001fe50: 2028 6174 6130 290a 2020 2020 2028 6372 (ata0). (cr\n-0001fe60: 7970 746f 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2875 7362 ypto0). (usb\n-0001fe70: 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 7279 7074 6f75 0). (cryptou\n-0001fe80: 7569 642f 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 uid/123456789abc\n-0001fe90: 6465 6630 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 def0123456789abc\n-0001fea0: 6465 6630 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d64 7575 def0). (mduu\n-0001feb0: 6964 2f31 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 id/123456789abcd\n-0001fec0: 6566 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 ef0123456789abcd\n-0001fed0: 6566 3029 0a20 2020 2020 286c 766d 2f73 ef0). (lvm/s\n-0001fee0: 7973 7465 6d2d 726f 6f74 290a 2020 2020 ystem-root). \n-0001fef0: 2028 6c76 6d69 642f 4631 696b 6744 2d32 (lvmid/F1ikgD-2\n-0001ff00: 5245 532d 3330 3647 2d69 6c39 4d2d 3769 RES-306G-il9M-7i\n-0001ff10: 7761 2d34 4e4b 572d 4562 5631 4e56 2f65 wa-4NKW-EbV1NV/e\n-0001ff20: 4c47 7543 512d 4c34 4b61 2d58 5567 522d LGuCQ-L4Ka-XUgR-\n-0001ff30: 736a 744a 2d66 6663 682d 6261 6a72 2d66 sjtJ-ffch-bajr-f\n-0001ff40: 434e 667a 3529 0a20 2020 2020 286d 642f CNfz5). (md/\n-0001ff50: 6d79 7261 6964 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d64 myraid). (md\n-0001ff60: 2f30 290a 2020 2020 2028 6965 6565 3132 /0). (ieee12\n-0001ff70: 3735 2f64 6973 6b32 290a 2020 2020 2028 75/disk2). (\n-0001ff80: 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f2f 7063 6940 3166 ieee1275//pci@1f\n-0001ff90: 5c2c 302f 6964 6540 642f 6469 736b 4032 \\,0/ide@d/disk@2\n-0001ffa0: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6e61 6e64 290a 2020 ). (nand). \n-0001ffb0: 2020 2028 6d65 6d64 6973 6b29 0a20 2020 (memdisk). \n-0001ffc0: 2020 2868 6f73 7429 0a20 2020 2020 286d (host). (m\n-0001ffd0: 796c 6f6f 7029 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6f73 yloop). (hos\n-0001ffe0: 7464 6973 6b2f 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 290a tdisk//dev/sda).\n-0001fff0: 0a20 2020 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 2072 6570 . PART-NUM rep\n-00020000: 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 resents the part\n-00020010: 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 ition number of \n-00020020: 4445 5649 4345 2c20 7374 6172 7469 6e67 DEVICE, starting\n-00020030: 2066 726f 6d0a 6f6e 652e 2020 5041 5254 from.one. PART\n-00020040: 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c NAME is optional\n-00020050: 2062 7574 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e but is recommen\n-00020060: 6465 6420 7369 6e63 6520 6469 736b 206d ded since disk m\n-00020070: 6179 2068 6176 650a 7365 7665 7261 6c20 ay have.several \n-00020080: 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6c20 7061 7274 6d61 top-level partma\n-00020090: 7073 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 ps. Specifying \n-000200a0: 7468 6972 6420 616e 6420 6c61 7465 7220 third and later \n-000200b0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 796f 750a 6361 component you.ca\n-000200c0: 6e20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7375 6270 n access to subp\n-000200d0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 artitions... T\n-000200e0: 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 e280 9828 6864 he syntax ...(hd\n-000200f0: 3029 e280 9920 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 0)... represents\n-00020100: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6e74 6972 using the entir\n-00020110: 6520 6469 736b 2028 6f72 2074 6865 204d e disk (or the M\n-00020120: 4252 2077 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 616c 6c69 BR when.installi\n-00020130: 6e67 2047 5255 4229 2c20 7768 696c 6520 ng GRUB), while \n-00020140: 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 20e2 8098 2868 the syntax ...(h\n-00020150: 6430 2c31 29e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 7365 d0,1)... represe\n-00020160: 6e74 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 nts using the fi\n-00020170: 7273 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 rst.partition of\n-00020180: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 286f 7220 7468 the disk (or th\n-00020190: 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 e boot sector of\n-000201a0: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 the partition w\n-000201b0: 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 hen.installing G\n-000201c0: 5255 4229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 RUB)... (hd0\n-000201d0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 ,msdos1). (h\n-000201e0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c 6d73 646f 7335 d0,msdos1,msdos5\n-000201f0: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f ). (hd0,msdo\n-00020200: 7331 2c62 7364 3329 0a20 2020 2020 2868 s1,bsd3). (h\n-00020210: 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a 2020 2020 d0,netbsd1). \n-00020220: 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 290a 2020 2020 (hd0,gpt1). \n-00020230: 2028 6864 302c 312c 3329 0a0a 2020 2049 (hd0,1,3).. I\n-00020240: 6620 796f 7520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 7468 f you enabled th\n-00020250: 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7375 7070 6f72 e network suppor\n-00020260: 742c 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 t, the special d\n-00020270: 7269 7665 730a e280 9828 5052 4f54 4f43 rives....(PROTOC\n-00020280: 4f4c 5b2c 5345 5256 4552 5d29 e280 9920 OL[,SERVER])... \n-00020290: 6172 6520 616c 736f 2061 7661 696c 6162 are also availab\n-000202a0: 6c65 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2070 le. Supported p\n-000202b0: 726f 746f 636f 6c73 2061 7265 0ae2 8098 rotocols are....\n-000202c0: 6874 7470 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9874 http... and ...t\n-000202d0: 6674 70e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5345 5256 ftp.... If SERV\n-000202e0: 4552 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2076 ER is omitted, v\n-000202f0: 616c 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d alue of environm\n-00020300: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0ae2 8098 ent variable....\n-00020310: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 net_default_serv\n-00020320: 6572 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 642e 2020 er... is used. \n-00020330: 4265 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 Before using the\n-00020340: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2064 7269 7665 2c20 network drive, \n-00020350: 796f 7520 6d75 7374 0a69 6e69 7469 616c you must.initial\n-00020360: 697a 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e ize the network.\n-00020370: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a *Note Network:\n-00020380: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f :, for more info\n-00020390: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 rmation... Whe\n-000203a0: 6e20 7573 696e 6720 e280 9868 7474 70e2 n using ...http.\n-000203b0: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9874 6674 70e2 8099 .. or ...tftp...\n-000203c0: 2c20 706f 7274 7320 6f74 6865 7220 7468 , ports other th\n-000203d0: 616e 20e2 8098 3830 e280 9920 6361 6e20 an ...80... can \n-000203e0: 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a75 7369 be specified.usi\n-000203f0: 6e67 2061 2063 6f6c 6f6e 2028 e280 983a ng a colon (...:\n-00020400: e280 9929 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 2061 ...) after the a\n-00020410: 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2054 6f20 6176 6f69 ddress. To avoi\n-00020420: 6420 7061 7273 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6c69 d parsing confli\n-00020430: 6374 732c 2077 6865 6e0a 7573 696e 6720 cts, when.using \n-00020440: 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2077 IPv6 addresses w\n-00020450: 6974 6820 6375 7374 6f6d 2070 6f72 7473 ith custom ports\n-00020460: 2c20 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 , the addresses \n-00020470: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 656e 636c 6f73 6564 must be enclosed\n-00020480: 0a77 6974 6820 7371 7561 7265 2062 7261 .with square bra\n-00020490: 636b 6574 7320 28e2 8098 5b5d e280 9929 ckets (...[]...)\n-000204a0: 2c20 6173 2069 7320 7374 616e 6461 7264 , as is standard\n-000204b0: 2070 7261 6374 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 practice... \n-000204c0: 2028 6874 7470 2c67 7275 622e 6578 616d (http,grub.exam\n-000204d0: 706c 652e 636f 6d3a 3331 3333 3729 0a20 ple.com:31337). \n-000204e0: 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 3139 322e 302e (http,192.0.\n-000204f0: 322e 313a 3333 3929 0a20 2020 2020 2868 2.1:339). (h\n-00020500: 7474 702c 5b32 3030 313a 6462 383a 3a31 ttp,[2001:db8::1\n-00020510: 5d3a 3131 3233 3529 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 ]:11235).. If \n-00020520: 796f 7520 626f 6f74 2047 5255 4220 6672 you boot GRUB fr\n-00020530: 6f6d 2061 2043 442d 524f 4d2c 20e2 8098 om a CD-ROM, ...\n-00020540: 2863 6429 e280 9920 6973 2061 7661 696c (cd)... is avail\n-00020550: 6162 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204d 616b able. *Note Mak\n-00020560: 696e 6720 610a 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a.GRUB boota\n-00020570: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 2c20 666f ble CD-ROM::, fo\n-00020580: 7220 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 r details.....Fi\n-00020590: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000205a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 Node: File name \n-000205b0: 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 syntax, Next: B\n-000205c0: 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 lock list syntax\n-000205d0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 , Prev: Device \n-000205e0: 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c syntax, Up: Fil\n-000205f0: 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3220 486f esystem..13.2 Ho\n-00020600: 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 696c w to specify fil\n-00020610: 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d es.=============\n-00020620: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00020630: 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 ere are two ways\n-00020640: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6669 6c65 to specify file\n-00020650: 732c 2062 7920 e280 9c61 6273 6f6c 7574 s, by ...absolut\n-00020660: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 65e2 809d 2061 e file name... a\n-00020670: 6e64 2062 790a e280 9c62 6c6f 636b 206c nd by....block l\n-00020680: 6973 74e2 809d 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e 2061 ist...... An a\n-00020690: 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d bsolute file nam\n-000206a0: 6520 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 6120 556e e resembles a Un\n-000206b0: 6978 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 ix absolute file\n-000206c0: 206e 616d 652c 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 name, using ...\n-000206d0: 2fe2 8099 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2064 6972 /....for the dir\n-000206e0: 6563 746f 7279 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 ectory separator\n-000206f0: 2028 6e6f 7420 e280 985c e280 9920 6173 (not ...\\... as\n-00020700: 2069 6e20 444f 5329 2e20 4f6e 6520 6578 in DOS). One ex\n-00020710: 616d 706c 6520 6973 0ae2 8098 2868 6430 ample is....(hd0\n-00020720: 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 ,1)/boot/grub/gr\n-00020730: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 ub.cfg.... This\n-00020740: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 means the file \n-00020750: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 .../boot/grub/gr\n-00020760: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 990a 696e 2074 6865 ub.cfg....in the\n-00020770: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n-00020780: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the first ha\n-00020790: 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 rd disk. If you\n-000207a0: 206f 6d69 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 omit the device\n-000207b0: 0a6e 616d 6520 696e 2061 6e20 6162 736f .name in an abso\n-000207c0: 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 lute file name, \n-000207d0: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4752 5542 2773 GRUB uses GRUB's\n-000207e0: 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 65e2 ...root device.\n-000207f0: 809d 0a69 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 792e 2020 ...implicitly. \n-00020800: 536f 2069 6620 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 So if you set th\n-00020810: 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f e root device to\n-00020820: 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c31 , say, ...(hd1,1\n-00020830: 29e2 8099 2062 7920 7468 650a 636f 6d6d )... by the.comm\n-00020840: 616e 6420 e280 9873 6574 2072 6f6f 743d and ...set root=\n-00020850: 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 (hd1,1)... (*not\n-00020860: 6520 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 e set::), then .\n-00020870: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c e280 ../boot/kernel..\n-00020880: 9920 6973 2074 6865 0a73 616d 6520 6173 . is the.same as\n-00020890: 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 ...(hd1,1)/boot\n-000208a0: 2f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 /kernel...... \n-000208b0: 4f6e 205a 4653 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 On ZFS filesyste\n-000208c0: 6d20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7468 m the first path\n-000208d0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206d 7573 7420 component must \n-000208e0: 6265 0a56 4f4c 554d 45e2 8098 40e2 8099 be.VOLUME...@...\n-000208f0: 5b53 4e41 5053 484f 545d 2e20 2053 6f20 [SNAPSHOT]. So \n-00020900: e280 982f 726f 6f74 766f 6c40 736e 6170 .../rootvol@snap\n-00020910: 2d31 3239 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 -129/boot/grub/g\n-00020920: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2072 6566 6572 rub.cfg... refer\n-00020930: 730a 746f 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f 626f s.to file .../bo\n-00020940: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n-00020950: e280 9920 696e 2073 6e61 7073 686f 7420 ... in snapshot \n-00020960: 6f66 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 e280 9872 6f6f of volume ...roo\n-00020970: 7476 6f6c e280 9920 7769 7468 206e 616d tvol... with nam\n-00020980: 650a e280 9873 6e61 702d 3132 39e2 8099 e....snap-129...\n-00020990: 2e20 2054 7261 696c 696e 6720 e280 9840 . Trailing ...@\n-000209a0: e280 9920 6166 7465 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 ... after volume\n-000209b0: 206e 616d 6520 6973 206d 616e 6461 746f name is mandato\n-000209c0: 7279 2065 7665 6e20 6966 0a73 6e61 7073 ry even if.snaps\n-000209d0: 686f 7420 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 hot name is omit\n-000209e0: 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ted.....File: gr\n-000209f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00020a00: 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 Block list synta\n-00020a10: 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4669 6c65 206e x, Prev: File n\n-00020a20: 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a ame syntax, Up:\n-00020a30: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e Filesystem..13.\n-00020a40: 3320 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 3 How to specify\n-00020a50: 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7473 0a3d 3d3d block lists.===\n+0001f9d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 =======..The dev\n+0001f9e0: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 6c69 ice syntax is li\n+0001f9f0: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 ke this:.. (\n+0001fa00: 4445 5649 4345 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 502d DEVICE[,PARTMAP-\n+0001fa10: 4e41 4d45 3150 4152 542d 4e55 4d31 5b2c NAME1PART-NUM1[,\n+0001fa20: 5041 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 3250 4152 PARTMAP-NAME2PAR\n+0001fa30: 542d 4e55 4d32 5b2c 2e2e 2e5d 5d5d 290a T-NUM2[,...]]]).\n+0001fa40: 0a20 2020 e280 985b 5de2 8099 206d 6561 . ...[]... mea\n+0001fa50: 6e73 2074 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 ns the parameter\n+0001fa60: 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2e20 2044 is optional. D\n+0001fa70: 4556 4943 4520 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e EVICE depends on\n+0001fa80: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 6572 the disk.driver\n+0001fa90: 2069 6e20 7573 652e 2020 4249 4f53 2061 in use. BIOS a\n+0001faa0: 6e64 2045 4649 2064 6973 6b73 2075 7365 nd EFI disks use\n+0001fab0: 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 9866 64e2 8099 either ...fd...\n+0001fac0: 206f 7220 e280 9868 64e2 8099 2066 6f6c or ...hd... fol\n+0001fad0: 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 0a64 6967 6974 lowed by a.digit\n+0001fae0: 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6664 30e2 8099 , like ...fd0...\n+0001faf0: 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6364 e280 992e 2020 , or ...cd.... \n+0001fb00: 4148 4349 2c20 5041 5441 2028 6174 6129 AHCI, PATA (ata)\n+0001fb10: 2c20 6372 7970 746f 2c20 5553 4220 7573 , crypto, USB us\n+0001fb20: 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 0a6f 6620 6472 e the name.of dr\n+0001fb30: 6976 6572 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 iver followed by\n+0001fb40: 2061 206e 756d 6265 722e 2020 4d65 6d64 a number. Memd\n+0001fb50: 6973 6b20 616e 6420 686f 7374 2061 7265 isk and host are\n+0001fb60: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6f6e 650a limited to one.\n+0001fb70: 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6974 2773 disk and so it's\n+0001fb80: 2072 6566 6572 6564 206a 7573 7420 6279 refered just by\n+0001fb90: 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 2052 driver name. R\n+0001fba0: 4149 4420 286d 6429 2c20 6f66 6469 736b AID (md), ofdisk\n+0001fbb0: 0a28 6965 6565 3132 3735 2061 6e64 206e .(ieee1275 and n\n+0001fbc0: 616e 6429 2c20 4c56 4d20 286c 766d 292c and), LVM (lvm),\n+0001fbd0: 204c 444d 2c20 7669 7274 696f 2028 7664 LDM, virtio (vd\n+0001fbe0: 736b 2920 616e 6420 6172 6364 6973 6b20 sk) and arcdisk \n+0001fbf0: 2861 7263 2920 7573 650a 696e 7472 696e (arc) use.intrin\n+0001fc00: 7369 6320 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6469 736b sic name of disk\n+0001fc10: 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 6279 2064 7269 prefixed by dri\n+0001fc20: 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 2041 6464 6974 ver name. Addit\n+0001fc30: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 6a75 7374 0a22 6e61 ionally just.\"na\n+0001fc40: 6e64 2220 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 nd\" refers to th\n+0001fc50: 6520 6469 736b 2061 6c69 6173 6564 2061 e disk aliased a\n+0001fc60: 7320 226e 616e 6422 2e20 2043 6f6e 666c s \"nand\". Confl\n+0001fc70: 6963 7473 2061 7265 2073 6f6c 7665 6420 icts are solved \n+0001fc80: 6279 0a73 7566 6669 7869 6e67 2061 206e by.suffixing a n\n+0001fc90: 756d 6265 7220 6966 206e 6563 6573 7361 umber if necessa\n+0001fca0: 7272 792e 2020 436f 6d6d 6173 206e 6565 rry. Commas nee\n+0001fcb0: 6420 746f 2062 6520 6573 6361 7065 642e d to be escaped.\n+0001fcc0: 2020 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a75 7365 7320 Loopback.uses \n+0001fcd0: 7768 6174 6576 6572 206e 616d 6520 7370 whatever name sp\n+0001fce0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 20e2 8098 6c6f ecified to ...lo\n+0001fcf0: 6f70 6261 636b e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e opback... comman\n+0001fd00: 642e 2020 486f 7374 6469 736b 2075 7365 d. Hostdisk use\n+0001fd10: 7320 6e61 6d65 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 s names.specifie\n+0001fd20: 6420 696e 2064 6576 6963 652e 6d61 7020 d in device.map \n+0001fd30: 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2069 7427 7320 as long as it's \n+0001fd40: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d20 5b66 6863 of the form [fhc\n+0001fd50: 5d64 5b30 2d39 5d2a 206f 720a 686f 7374 ]d[0-9]* or.host\n+0001fd60: 6469 736b 2f3c 4f53 2044 4556 4943 453e disk/\n+0001fd70: 2e20 2046 6f72 2063 7279 7074 6f20 616e . For crypto an\n+0001fd80: 6420 5241 4944 2028 6d64 2920 6164 6469 d RAID (md) addi\n+0001fd90: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2079 6f75 2063 616e tionally you can\n+0001fda0: 2075 7365 0a74 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 use.the syntax \n+0001fdb0: 3c64 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 3e75 7569 uui\n+0001fdc0: 642f 3c75 7569 643e 2e20 2046 6f72 204c d/. For L\n+0001fdd0: 564d 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 VM additionally \n+0001fde0: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 7468 6520 you can use.the \n+0001fdf0: 7379 6e74 6178 206c 766d 6964 2f3c 766f syntax lvmid/\n+0001fe10: 2f3c 766f 6c75 6d65 2d75 7569 643e 2e0a /..\n+0001fe20: 0a20 2020 2020 2866 6430 290a 2020 2020 . (fd0). \n+0001fe30: 2028 6864 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 6429 (hd0). (cd)\n+0001fe40: 0a20 2020 2020 2861 6863 6930 290a 2020 . (ahci0). \n+0001fe50: 2020 2028 6174 6130 290a 2020 2020 2028 (ata0). (\n+0001fe60: 6372 7970 746f 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2875 crypto0). (u\n+0001fe70: 7362 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 7279 7074 sb0). (crypt\n+0001fe80: 6f75 7569 642f 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 ouuid/123456789a\n+0001fe90: 6263 6465 6630 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 bcdef0123456789a\n+0001fea0: 6263 6465 6630 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d64 bcdef0). (md\n+0001feb0: 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 uuid/123456789ab\n+0001fec0: 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 cdef0123456789ab\n+0001fed0: 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 2020 286c 766d cdef0). (lvm\n+0001fee0: 2f73 7973 7465 6d2d 726f 6f74 290a 2020 /system-root). \n+0001fef0: 2020 2028 6c76 6d69 642f 4631 696b 6744 (lvmid/F1ikgD\n+0001ff00: 2d32 5245 532d 3330 3647 2d69 6c39 4d2d -2RES-306G-il9M-\n+0001ff10: 3769 7761 2d34 4e4b 572d 4562 5631 4e56 7iwa-4NKW-EbV1NV\n+0001ff20: 2f65 4c47 7543 512d 4c34 4b61 2d58 5567 /eLGuCQ-L4Ka-XUg\n+0001ff30: 522d 736a 744a 2d66 6663 682d 6261 6a72 R-sjtJ-ffch-bajr\n+0001ff40: 2d66 434e 667a 3529 0a20 2020 2020 286d -fCNfz5). (m\n+0001ff50: 642f 6d79 7261 6964 290a 2020 2020 2028 d/myraid). (\n+0001ff60: 6d64 2f30 290a 2020 2020 2028 6965 6565 md/0). (ieee\n+0001ff70: 3132 3735 2f64 6973 6b32 290a 2020 2020 1275/disk2). \n+0001ff80: 2028 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f2f 7063 6940 (ieee1275//pci@\n+0001ff90: 3166 5c2c 302f 6964 6540 642f 6469 736b 1f\\,0/ide@d/disk\n+0001ffa0: 4032 290a 2020 2020 2028 6e61 6e64 290a @2). (nand).\n+0001ffb0: 2020 2020 2028 6d65 6d64 6973 6b29 0a20 (memdisk). \n+0001ffc0: 2020 2020 2868 6f73 7429 0a20 2020 2020 (host). \n+0001ffd0: 286d 796c 6f6f 7029 0a20 2020 2020 2868 (myloop). (h\n+0001ffe0: 6f73 7464 6973 6b2f 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 ostdisk//dev/sda\n+0001fff0: 290a 0a20 2020 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 2072 ).. PART-NUM r\n+00020000: 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7468 6520 7061 epresents the pa\n+00020010: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f rtition number o\n+00020020: 6620 4445 5649 4345 2c20 7374 6172 7469 f DEVICE, starti\n+00020030: 6e67 2066 726f 6d0a 6f6e 652e 2020 5041 ng from.one. PA\n+00020040: 5254 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e RTNAME is option\n+00020050: 616c 2062 7574 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d al but is recomm\n+00020060: 656e 6465 6420 7369 6e63 6520 6469 736b ended since disk\n+00020070: 206d 6179 2068 6176 650a 7365 7665 7261 may have.severa\n+00020080: 6c20 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6c20 7061 7274 l top-level part\n+00020090: 6d61 7073 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e maps. Specifyin\n+000200a0: 6720 7468 6972 6420 616e 6420 6c61 7465 g third and late\n+000200b0: 7220 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 796f 750a r component you.\n+000200c0: 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7375 can access to su\n+000200d0: 6270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 bpartitions... \n+000200e0: 2054 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 e280 9828 The syntax ...(\n+000200f0: 6864 3029 e280 9920 7265 7072 6573 656e hd0)... represen\n+00020100: 7473 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6e74 ts using the ent\n+00020110: 6972 6520 6469 736b 2028 6f72 2074 6865 ire disk (or the\n+00020120: 204d 4252 2077 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 616c MBR when.instal\n+00020130: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4229 2c20 7768 696c ling GRUB), whil\n+00020140: 6520 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 20e2 8098 e the syntax ...\n+00020150: 2868 6430 2c31 29e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 (hd0,1)... repre\n+00020160: 7365 6e74 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 sents using the \n+00020170: 6669 7273 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 first.partition \n+00020180: 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 286f 7220 of the disk (or \n+00020190: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f 7220 the boot sector \n+000201a0: 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e of the partition\n+000201b0: 2077 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 when.installing\n+000201c0: 2047 5255 4229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 GRUB)... (h\n+000201d0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 0a20 2020 2020 d0,msdos1). \n+000201e0: 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c 6d73 646f (hd0,msdos1,msdo\n+000201f0: 7335 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 s5). (hd0,ms\n+00020200: 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3329 0a20 2020 2020 dos1,bsd3). \n+00020210: 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a 2020 (hd0,netbsd1). \n+00020220: 2020 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 290a 2020 (hd0,gpt1). \n+00020230: 2020 2028 6864 302c 312c 3329 0a0a 2020 (hd0,1,3).. \n+00020240: 2049 6620 796f 7520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 If you enabled \n+00020250: 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7375 7070 the network supp\n+00020260: 6f72 742c 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c ort, the special\n+00020270: 2064 7269 7665 730a e280 9828 5052 4f54 drives....(PROT\n+00020280: 4f43 4f4c 5b2c 5345 5256 4552 5d29 e280 OCOL[,SERVER])..\n+00020290: 9920 6172 6520 616c 736f 2061 7661 696c . are also avail\n+000202a0: 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 able. Supported\n+000202b0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c73 2061 7265 0ae2 protocols are..\n+000202c0: 8098 6874 7470 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 ..http... and ..\n+000202d0: 9874 6674 70e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5345 .tftp.... If SE\n+000202e0: 5256 4552 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c RVER is omitted,\n+000202f0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f value of enviro\n+00020300: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0ae2 nment variable..\n+00020310: 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 ..net_default_se\n+00020320: 7276 6572 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 642e rver... is used.\n+00020330: 2020 4265 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 Before using t\n+00020340: 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2064 7269 7665 he network drive\n+00020350: 2c20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 0a69 6e69 7469 , you must.initi\n+00020360: 616c 697a 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 alize the networ\n+00020370: 6b2e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 k. *Note Networ\n+00020380: 6b3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e k::, for more in\n+00020390: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2057 formation... W\n+000203a0: 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 e280 9868 7474 hen using ...htt\n+000203b0: 70e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9874 6674 70e2 p... or ...tftp.\n+000203c0: 8099 2c20 706f 7274 7320 6f74 6865 7220 .., ports other \n+000203d0: 7468 616e 20e2 8098 3830 e280 9920 6361 than ...80... ca\n+000203e0: 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a75 n be specified.u\n+000203f0: 7369 6e67 2061 2063 6f6c 6f6e 2028 e280 sing a colon (..\n+00020400: 983a e280 9929 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 .:...) after the\n+00020410: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2054 6f20 6176 address. To av\n+00020420: 6f69 6420 7061 7273 696e 6720 636f 6e66 oid parsing conf\n+00020430: 6c69 6374 732c 2077 6865 6e0a 7573 696e licts, when.usin\n+00020440: 6720 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 g IPv6 addresses\n+00020450: 2077 6974 6820 6375 7374 6f6d 2070 6f72 with custom por\n+00020460: 7473 2c20 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 ts, the addresse\n+00020470: 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 656e 636c 6f73 s must be enclos\n+00020480: 6564 0a77 6974 6820 7371 7561 7265 2062 ed.with square b\n+00020490: 7261 636b 6574 7320 28e2 8098 5b5d e280 rackets (...[]..\n+000204a0: 9929 2c20 6173 2069 7320 7374 616e 6461 .), as is standa\n+000204b0: 7264 2070 7261 6374 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 rd practice... \n+000204c0: 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c67 7275 622e 6578 (http,grub.ex\n+000204d0: 616d 706c 652e 636f 6d3a 3331 3333 3729 ample.com:31337)\n+000204e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 3139 322e . (http,192.\n+000204f0: 302e 322e 313a 3333 3929 0a20 2020 2020 0.2.1:339). \n+00020500: 2868 7474 702c 5b32 3030 313a 6462 383a (http,[2001:db8:\n+00020510: 3a31 5d3a 3131 3233 3529 0a0a 2020 2049 :1]:11235).. I\n+00020520: 6620 796f 7520 626f 6f74 2047 5255 4220 f you boot GRUB \n+00020530: 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 442d 524f 4d2c 20e2 from a CD-ROM, .\n+00020540: 8098 2863 6429 e280 9920 6973 2061 7661 ..(cd)... is ava\n+00020550: 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204d ilable. *Note M\n+00020560: 616b 696e 6720 610a 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a.GRUB boo\n+00020570: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 2c20 table CD-ROM::, \n+00020580: 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a for details.....\n+00020590: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000205a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d Node: File nam\n+000205b0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 204e 6578 743a e syntax, Next:\n+000205c0: 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 Block list synt\n+000205d0: 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 ax, Prev: Devic\n+000205e0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 e syntax, Up: F\n+000205f0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3220 ilesystem..13.2 \n+00020600: 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 How to specify f\n+00020610: 696c 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d iles.===========\n+00020620: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00020630: 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 There are two wa\n+00020640: 7973 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6669 ys to specify fi\n+00020650: 6c65 732c 2062 7920 e280 9c61 6273 6f6c les, by ...absol\n+00020660: 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 65e2 809d ute file name...\n+00020670: 2061 6e64 2062 790a e280 9c62 6c6f 636b and by....block\n+00020680: 206c 6973 74e2 809d 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e list...... An\n+00020690: 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e absolute file n\n+000206a0: 616d 6520 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 6120 ame resembles a \n+000206b0: 556e 6978 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 Unix absolute fi\n+000206c0: 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 le name, using .\n+000206d0: 8098 2fe2 8099 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2064 ../....for the d\n+000206e0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2073 6570 6172 6174 irectory separat\n+000206f0: 6f72 2028 6e6f 7420 e280 985c e280 9920 or (not ...\\... \n+00020700: 6173 2069 6e20 444f 5329 2e20 4f6e 6520 as in DOS). One \n+00020710: 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 0ae2 8098 2868 example is....(h\n+00020720: 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f d0,1)/boot/grub/\n+00020730: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 5468 grub.cfg.... Th\n+00020740: 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2066 696c is means the fil\n+00020750: 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f e .../boot/grub/\n+00020760: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 990a 696e 2074 grub.cfg....in t\n+00020770: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+00020780: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on of the first \n+00020790: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 2079 hard disk. If y\n+000207a0: 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 ou omit the devi\n+000207b0: 6365 0a6e 616d 6520 696e 2061 6e20 6162 ce.name in an ab\n+000207c0: 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 solute file name\n+000207d0: 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4752 5542 , GRUB uses GRUB\n+000207e0: 2773 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 's ...root devic\n+000207f0: 65e2 809d 0a69 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 792e e....implicitly.\n+00020800: 2020 536f 2069 6620 796f 7520 7365 7420 So if you set \n+00020810: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 the root device \n+00020820: 746f 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 to, say, ...(hd1\n+00020830: 2c31 29e2 8099 2062 7920 7468 650a 636f ,1)... by the.co\n+00020840: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6574 2072 6f6f mmand ...set roo\n+00020850: 743d 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 2028 2a6e t=(hd1,1)... (*n\n+00020860: 6f74 6520 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e ote set::), then\n+00020870: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c .../boot/kernel\n+00020880: e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 0a73 616d 6520 ... is the.same \n+00020890: 6173 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c31 292f 626f as ...(hd1,1)/bo\n+000208a0: 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 2e0a 0a20 ot/kernel...... \n+000208b0: 2020 4f6e 205a 4653 2066 696c 6573 7973 On ZFS filesys\n+000208c0: 7465 6d20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 tem the first pa\n+000208d0: 7468 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206d 7573 th component mus\n+000208e0: 7420 6265 0a56 4f4c 554d 45e2 8098 40e2 t be.VOLUME...@.\n+000208f0: 8099 5b53 4e41 5053 484f 545d 2e20 2053 ..[SNAPSHOT]. S\n+00020900: 6f20 e280 982f 726f 6f74 766f 6c40 736e o .../rootvol@sn\n+00020910: 6170 2d31 3239 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ap-129/boot/grub\n+00020920: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2072 6566 /grub.cfg... ref\n+00020930: 6572 730a 746f 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f ers.to file .../\n+00020940: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n+00020950: 6667 e280 9920 696e 2073 6e61 7073 686f fg... in snapsho\n+00020960: 7420 6f66 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 e280 9872 t of volume ...r\n+00020970: 6f6f 7476 6f6c e280 9920 7769 7468 206e ootvol... with n\n+00020980: 616d 650a e280 9873 6e61 702d 3132 39e2 ame....snap-129.\n+00020990: 8099 2e20 2054 7261 696c 696e 6720 e280 ... Trailing ..\n+000209a0: 9840 e280 9920 6166 7465 7220 766f 6c75 .@... after volu\n+000209b0: 6d65 206e 616d 6520 6973 206d 616e 6461 me name is manda\n+000209c0: 746f 7279 2065 7665 6e20 6966 0a73 6e61 tory even if.sna\n+000209d0: 7073 686f 7420 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6f6d pshot name is om\n+000209e0: 6974 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 itted.....File: \n+000209f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00020a00: 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e : Block list syn\n+00020a10: 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4669 6c65 tax, Prev: File\n+00020a20: 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 name syntax, U\n+00020a30: 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 p: Filesystem..1\n+00020a40: 332e 3320 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 3.3 How to speci\n+00020a50: 6679 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7473 0a3d fy block lists.=\n 00020a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 ============..A \n-00020a80: 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2069 7320 7573 block list is us\n-00020a90: 6564 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e ed for specifyin\n-00020aa0: 6720 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 646f g a file that do\n-00020ab0: 6573 6e27 7420 6170 7065 6172 2069 6e20 esn't appear in \n-00020ac0: 7468 650a 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 the.filesystem, \n-00020ad0: 6c69 6b65 2061 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 like a chainload\n-00020ae0: 6572 2e20 2054 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 er. The syntax \n-00020af0: 6973 0ae2 8098 5b4f 4646 5345 545d 2b5b is....[OFFSET]+[\n-00020b00: 4c45 4e47 5448 5d5b 2c5b 4f46 4653 4554 LENGTH][,[OFFSET\n-00020b10: 5d2b 5b4c 454e 4754 485d 5d2e 2e2e e280 ]+[LENGTH]].....\n-00020b20: 992e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 .. Here is an e\n-00020b30: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 302b xample:.. 0+\n-00020b40: 3130 302c 3230 302b 312c 3330 302b 3330 100,200+1,300+30\n-00020b50: 302c 3830 302b 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 0,800+.. This \n-00020b60: 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 6861 7420 represents that \n-00020b70: 4752 5542 2073 686f 756c 6420 7265 6164 GRUB should read\n-00020b80: 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 3020 7468 726f 7567 blocks 0 throug\n-00020b90: 6820 3939 2c20 626c 6f63 6b20 3230 302c h 99, block 200,\n-00020ba0: 0a62 6c6f 636b 7320 3330 3020 7468 726f .blocks 300 thro\n-00020bb0: 7567 6820 3539 392c 2061 6e64 2062 6c6f ugh 599, and blo\n-00020bc0: 636b 7320 3830 3020 756e 7469 6c20 7468 cks 800 until th\n-00020bd0: 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6576 e end of the dev\n-00020be0: 6963 652e 2020 4966 0a79 6f75 206f 6d69 ice. If.you omi\n-00020bf0: 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 742c 2074 6865 t an offset, the\n-00020c00: 6e20 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 n GRUB assumes t\n-00020c10: 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 6973 207a 6572 he offset is zer\n-00020c20: 6f2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 o. If the lengt\n-00020c30: 680a 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 h.is omitted, th\n-00020c40: 656e 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 en GRUB assumes \n-00020c50: 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2065 the block list e\n-00020c60: 7874 656e 6473 2075 6e74 696c 2074 6865 xtends until the\n-00020c70: 2065 6e64 206f 660a 7468 6520 6465 7669 end of.the devi\n-00020c80: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 2074 6865 ce... Like the\n-00020c90: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 file name synta\n-00020ca0: 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 x (*note File na\n-00020cb0: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 6966 me syntax::), if\n-00020cc0: 2061 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a64 6f65 a blocklist.doe\n-00020cd0: 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6120 s not contain a \n-00020ce0: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652c 2074 6865 device name, the\n-00020cf0: 6e20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4752 5542 n GRUB uses GRUB\n-00020d00: 2773 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 's ...root devic\n-00020d10: 65e2 809d 2e20 2053 6f0a e280 9828 6864 e.... So....(hd\n-00020d20: 302c 3229 2b31 e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 0,2)+1... is the\n-00020d30: 2073 616d 6520 6173 20e2 8098 2b31 e280 same as ...+1..\n-00020d40: 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 . when the root \n-00020d50: 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 e280 9828 6864 device is ...(hd\n-00020d60: 302c 3229 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 0,2)........File\n-00020d70: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00020d80: 6465 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 de: Interface, \n-00020d90: 4e65 7874 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Next: Environmen\n-00020da0: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 t, Prev: Filesy\n-00020db0: 7374 656d 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a stem, Up: Top..\n-00020dc0: 3134 2047 5255 4227 7320 7573 6572 2069 14 GRUB's user i\n-00020dd0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a nterface.*******\n+00020a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00020a80: 4120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2069 7320 A block list is \n+00020a90: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6679 used for specify\n+00020aa0: 696e 6720 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 ing a file that \n+00020ab0: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6170 7065 6172 2069 doesn't appear i\n+00020ac0: 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d n the.filesystem\n+00020ad0: 2c20 6c69 6b65 2061 2063 6861 696e 6c6f , like a chainlo\n+00020ae0: 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 2073 796e 7461 ader. The synta\n+00020af0: 7820 6973 0ae2 8098 5b4f 4646 5345 545d x is....[OFFSET]\n+00020b00: 2b5b 4c45 4e47 5448 5d5b 2c5b 4f46 4653 +[LENGTH][,[OFFS\n+00020b10: 4554 5d2b 5b4c 454e 4754 485d 5d2e 2e2e ET]+[LENGTH]]...\n+00020b20: e280 992e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e .... Here is an\n+00020b30: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 example:.. \n+00020b40: 302b 3130 302c 3230 302b 312c 3330 302b 0+100,200+1,300+\n+00020b50: 3330 302c 3830 302b 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 300,800+.. Thi\n+00020b60: 7320 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 6861 s represents tha\n+00020b70: 7420 4752 5542 2073 686f 756c 6420 7265 t GRUB should re\n+00020b80: 6164 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 3020 7468 726f ad blocks 0 thro\n+00020b90: 7567 6820 3939 2c20 626c 6f63 6b20 3230 ugh 99, block 20\n+00020ba0: 302c 0a62 6c6f 636b 7320 3330 3020 7468 0,.blocks 300 th\n+00020bb0: 726f 7567 6820 3539 392c 2061 6e64 2062 rough 599, and b\n+00020bc0: 6c6f 636b 7320 3830 3020 756e 7469 6c20 locks 800 until \n+00020bd0: 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 the end of the d\n+00020be0: 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 0a79 6f75 206f evice. If.you o\n+00020bf0: 6d69 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 742c 2074 mit an offset, t\n+00020c00: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 hen GRUB assumes\n+00020c10: 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 6973 207a the offset is z\n+00020c20: 6572 6f2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 206c 656e ero. If the len\n+00020c30: 6774 680a 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 gth.is omitted, \n+00020c40: 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 then GRUB assume\n+00020c50: 7320 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 s the block list\n+00020c60: 2065 7874 656e 6473 2075 6e74 696c 2074 extends until t\n+00020c70: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a 7468 6520 6465 he end of.the de\n+00020c80: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 2074 vice... Like t\n+00020c90: 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e he file name syn\n+00020ca0: 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 tax (*note File \n+00020cb0: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 name syntax::), \n+00020cc0: 6966 2061 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a64 if a blocklist.d\n+00020cd0: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 oes not contain \n+00020ce0: 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652c 2074 a device name, t\n+00020cf0: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4752 hen GRUB uses GR\n+00020d00: 5542 2773 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 2064 6576 UB's ...root dev\n+00020d10: 6963 65e2 809d 2e20 2053 6f0a e280 9828 ice.... 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If yo\n-00020f60: 7520 6368 6f6f 7365 2074 6865 20e2 809c u choose the ...\n-00020f70: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d20 command-line... \n-00020f80: 6d65 6e75 0a6f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 menu.option, or \n-00020f90: 6966 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 if the configura\n-00020fa0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 6e6f tion file was no\n-00020fb0: 7420 666f 756e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 t found, then GR\n-00020fc0: 5542 2064 726f 7073 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 UB drops to.the \n-00020fd0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 command-line int\n-00020fe0: 6572 6661 6365 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a erface...* Menu:\n-00020ff0: 0a0a 2a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ..* Command-line\n-00021000: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 interface:: \n-00021010: 2020 5468 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2063 The flexible c\n-00021020: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n-00021030: 7266 6163 650a 2a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 rface.* Menu int\n-00021040: 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 erface:: \n-00021050: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 The simple\n-00021060: 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a menu interface.\n-00021070: 2a20 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2065 6469 * Menu entry edi\n-00021080: 746f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tor:: \n-00021090: 4564 6974 696e 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 Editing a menu e\n-000210a0: 6e74 7279 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ntry....File: gr\n-000210b0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000210c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 Command-line int\n-000210d0: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d erface, Next: M\n-000210e0: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 enu interface, \n-000210f0: 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 Up: Interface..1\n-00021100: 342e 3120 5468 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 4.1 The flexible\n-00021110: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e command-line in\n-00021120: 7465 7266 6163 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d terface.========\n+00020df0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 6861 7320 626f ***..GRUB has bo\n+00020e00: 7468 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6d65 6e75 th a simple menu\n+00020e10: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2066 6f72 2063 interface for c\n+00020e20: 686f 6f73 696e 6720 7072 6573 6574 2065 hoosing preset e\n+00020e30: 6e74 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 610a 636f ntries from a.co\n+00020e40: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00020e50: 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6869 6768 6c79 2066 , and a highly f\n+00020e60: 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d lexible command-\n+00020e70: 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 2070 6572 666f 726d line for perform\n+00020e80: 696e 670a 616e 7920 6465 7369 7265 6420 ing.any desired \n+00020e90: 636f 6d62 696e 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2062 combination of b\n+00020ea0: 6f6f 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a20 oot commands... \n+00020eb0: 2020 4752 5542 206c 6f6f 6b73 2066 6f72 GRUB looks for\n+00020ec0: 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 its configurati\n+00020ed0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6173 2073 6f6f 6e20 on file as soon \n+00020ee0: 6173 2069 7420 6973 206c 6f61 6465 642e as it is loaded.\n+00020ef0: 2020 4966 0a6f 6e65 2069 7320 666f 756e If.one is foun\n+00020f00: 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6675 6c6c d, then the full\n+00020f10: 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 menu interface \n+00020f20: 6973 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 2075 7369 is activated usi\n+00020f30: 6e67 2077 6861 7465 7665 720a 656e 7472 ng whatever.entr\n+00020f40: 6965 7320 7765 7265 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 ies were found i\n+00020f50: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2e20 2049 6620 n the file. 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Each \n-000211d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a69 6d6d 6564 command is.immed\n-000211e0: 6961 7465 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 iately executed \n-000211f0: 6166 7465 7220 6974 2069 7320 656e 7465 after it is ente\n-00021200: 7265 6428 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f red(1) (*note Co\n-00021210: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 0a69 6e74 6572 mmand-line.inter\n-00021220: 6661 6365 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a face-Footnote-1:\n-00021230: 3a29 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 :). The command\n-00021240: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s (*note Command\n-00021250: 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 s::) are a subse\n-00021260: 740a 6f66 2074 686f 7365 2061 7661 696c t.of those avail\n-00021270: 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 able in the conf\n-00021280: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 iguration file, \n-00021290: 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 6578 6163 746c used with exactl\n-000212a0: 7920 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a73 796e 7461 y the same.synta\n-000212b0: 782e 0a0a 2020 2043 7572 736f 7220 6d6f x... 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(1) Howeve\n-00021890: 722c 2074 6869 7320 6265 6861 7669 6f72 r, this behavior\n-000218a0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 will be changed\n-000218b0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2076 in the future v\n-000218c0: 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 696e 0a61 2075 7365 ersion, in.a use\n-000218d0: 722d 696e 7669 7369 626c 6520 7761 792e r-invisible way.\n-000218e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000218f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 nfo, Node: Menu\n-00021900: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 interface, Nex\n-00021910: 743a 204d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 t: Menu entry ed\n-00021920: 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6d itor, Prev: Com\n-00021930: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n-00021940: 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 ace, Up: Interf\n-00021950: 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3220 5468 6520 7369 ace..14.2 The si\n-00021960: 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 mple menu interf\n-00021970: 6163 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ace.============\n+00021150: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d ==..The command-\n+00021160: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2070 line interface p\n+00021170: 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 7072 6f6d 7074 rovides a prompt\n+00021180: 2061 6e64 2061 6674 6572 2069 7420 616e and after it an\n+00021190: 2065 6469 7461 626c 650a 7465 7874 2061 editable.text a\n+000211a0: 7265 6120 6d75 6368 206c 696b 6520 6120 rea much like a \n+000211b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 command-line in \n+000211c0: 556e 6978 206f 7220 444f 532e 2045 6163 Unix or DOS. Eac\n+000211d0: 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a69 6d6d h command is.imm\n+000211e0: 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 ediately execute\n+000211f0: 6420 6166 7465 7220 6974 2069 7320 656e d after it is en\n+00021200: 7465 7265 6428 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 tered(1) (*note \n+00021210: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 0a69 6e74 Command-line.int\n+00021220: 6572 6661 6365 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d erface-Footnote-\n+00021230: 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 1::). The comma\n+00021240: 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 nds (*note Comma\n+00021250: 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 nds::) are a sub\n+00021260: 7365 740a 6f66 2074 686f 7365 2061 7661 set.of those ava\n+00021270: 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f ilable in the co\n+00021280: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00021290: 2c20 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 6578 6163 , used with exac\n+000212a0: 746c 7920 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a73 796e tly the same.syn\n+000212b0: 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 2043 7572 736f 7220 tax... Cursor \n+000212c0: 6d6f 7665 6d65 6e74 2061 6e64 2065 6469 movement and edi\n+000212d0: 7469 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 ting of the text\n+000212e0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2063 616e on the line can\n+000212f0: 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2076 6961 2061 0a73 be done via a.s\n+00021300: 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2066 756e ubset of the fun\n+00021310: 6374 696f 6e73 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ctions available\n+00021320: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4261 7368 2073 6865 in the Bash she\n+00021330: 6c6c 3a0a 0a3c 432d 663e 0a3c 5043 2072 ll:.... M\n+00021350: 6f76 6520 666f 7277 6172 6420 6f6e 6520 ove forward one \n+00021360: 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d62 character.....\n+00021380: 2020 2020 204d 6f76 6520 6261 636b 206f Move back o\n+00021390: 6e65 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a3c ne character...<\n+000213a0: 432d 613e 0a3c 484f 4d45 3e0a 2020 2020 C-a>.. \n+000213b0: 204d 6f76 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 7461 Move to the sta\n+000213c0: 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2e0a rt of the line..\n+000213d0: 0a3c 432d 653e 0a3c 454e 443e 0a20 2020 ... \n+000213e0: 2020 4d6f 7665 2074 6865 2074 6865 2065 Move the the e\n+000213f0: 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2e0a nd of the line..\n+00021400: 0a3c 432d 643e 0a3c 4445 4c3e 0a20 2020 ... \n+00021410: 2020 4465 6c65 7465 2074 6865 2063 6861 Delete the cha\n+00021420: 7261 6374 6572 2075 6e64 6572 6e65 6174 racter underneat\n+00021430: 6820 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c h the cursor...<\n+00021440: 432d 683e 0a3c 4253 3e0a 2020 2020 2044 C-h>.. D\n+00021450: 656c 6574 6520 7468 6520 6368 6172 6163 elete the charac\n+00021460: 7465 7220 746f 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 ter to the left \n+00021470: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 722e 0a0a of the cursor...\n+00021480: 3c43 2d6b 3e0a 2020 2020 204b 696c 6c20 . Kill \n+00021490: 7468 6520 7465 7874 2066 726f 6d20 7468 the text from th\n+000214a0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6375 7273 6f72 e current cursor\n+000214b0: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 position to the\n+000214c0: 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 end of the. \n+000214d0: 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d75 3e0a 2020 line.... \n+000214e0: 2020 204b 696c 6c20 6261 636b 7761 7264 Kill backward\n+000214f0: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 from the cursor\n+00021500: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 6769 6e6e 696e to the beginnin\n+00021510: 6720 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 652e 0a0a g of the line...\n+00021520: 3c43 2d79 3e0a 2020 2020 2059 616e 6b20 . Yank \n+00021530: 7468 6520 6b69 6c6c 6564 2074 6578 7420 the killed text \n+00021540: 6261 636b 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6275 back into the bu\n+00021550: 6666 6572 2061 7420 7468 6520 6375 7273 ffer at the curs\n+00021560: 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 703e 0a3c 5043 2075 or..... Move\n+00021580: 2075 7020 7468 726f 7567 6820 7468 6520 up through the \n+00021590: 6869 7374 6f72 7920 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a3c history list...<\n+000215a0: 432d 6e3e 0a3c 5043 2064 6f77 6e20 6b65 C-n>.. Move dow\n+000215c0: 6e20 7468 726f 7567 6820 7468 6520 6869 n through the hi\n+000215d0: 7374 6f72 7920 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 story list... \n+000215e0: 5768 656e 2074 7970 696e 6720 636f 6d6d When typing comm\n+000215f0: 616e 6473 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 ands interactive\n+00021600: 6c79 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f ly, if the curso\n+00021610: 7220 6973 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6f72 2062 r is within or b\n+00021620: 6566 6f72 650a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 efore.the first \n+00021630: 776f 7264 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d word in the comm\n+00021640: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2c20 7072 6573 7369 and-line, pressi\n+00021650: 6e67 2074 6865 203c 5441 423e 206b 6579 ng the key\n+00021660: 2028 6f72 203c 432d 693e 290a 7769 6c6c (or ).will\n+00021670: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2061 206c 6973 7469 display a listi\n+00021680: 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 ng of the availa\n+00021690: 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 616e ble commands, an\n+000216a0: 6420 6966 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 d if the cursor \n+000216b0: 6973 0a61 6674 6572 2074 6865 2066 6972 is.after the fir\n+000216c0: 7374 2077 6f72 642c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 st word, the ...\n+000216d0: 3c54 4142 3ee2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7072 ... will pr\n+000216e0: 6f76 6964 6520 6120 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 ovide a completi\n+000216f0: 6f6e 206c 6973 7469 6e67 206f 660a 6469 on listing of.di\n+00021700: 736b 732c 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c sks, partitions,\n+00021710: 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 and file names \n+00021720: 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 depending on the\n+00021730: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 context. Note \n+00021740: 7468 6174 0a74 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 that.to obtain a\n+00021750: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c list of drives,\n+00021760: 206f 6e65 206d 7573 7420 6f70 656e 2061 one must open a\n+00021770: 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6973 2c20 6173 parenthesis, as\n+00021780: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 2028 e280 992e 0a0a ...root (......\n+00021790: 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 Note that you\n+000217a0: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 7573 6520 7468 6520 cannot use the \n+000217b0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2066 756e 6374 completion funct\n+000217c0: 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ionality in the \n+000217d0: 5446 5450 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e TFTP.filesystem.\n+000217e0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6265 6361 7573 This is becaus\n+000217f0: 6520 5446 5450 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2073 e TFTP doesn't s\n+00021800: 7570 706f 7274 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 upport file name\n+00021810: 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 listing for.the\n+00021820: 2073 6563 7572 6974 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 security.....Fi\n+00021830: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00021840: 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Node: Command-li\n+00021850: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2d46 6f6f ne interface-Foo\n+00021860: 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d tnotes, Up: Com\n+00021870: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n+00021880: 6163 650a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 486f 7765 ace.. (1) Howe\n+00021890: 7665 722c 2074 6869 7320 6265 6861 7669 ver, this behavi\n+000218a0: 6f72 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 or will be chang\n+000218b0: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 ed in the future\n+000218c0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 696e 0a61 2075 version, in.a u\n+000218d0: 7365 722d 696e 7669 7369 626c 6520 7761 ser-invisible wa\n+000218e0: 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 y.....File: grub\n+000218f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 .info, Node: Me\n+00021900: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e nu interface, N\n+00021910: 6578 743a 204d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 ext: Menu entry \n+00021920: 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 editor, Prev: C\n+00021930: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n+00021940: 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 rface, Up: Inte\n+00021950: 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3220 5468 6520 rface..14.2 The \n+00021960: 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 simple menu inte\n+00021970: 7266 6163 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rface.==========\n 00021980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021990: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 ==..The menu int\n-000219a0: 6572 6661 6365 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 erface is quite \n-000219b0: 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7573 652e 2020 4974 easy to use. It\n-000219c0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2062 s commands are b\n-000219d0: 6f74 680a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c79 2069 oth.reasonably i\n-000219e0: 6e74 7569 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2064 6573 ntuitive and des\n-000219f0: 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e cribed on screen\n-00021a00: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4261 7369 6361 6c6c 792c ... Basically,\n-00021a10: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 the menu interf\n-00021a20: 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 206c ace provides a l\n-00021a30: 6973 7420 6f66 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 2065 ist of ...boot e\n-00021a40: 6e74 7269 6573 e280 9d20 746f 0a74 6865 ntries... to.the\n-00021a50: 2075 7365 7220 746f 2063 686f 6f73 6520 user to choose \n-00021a60: 6672 6f6d 2e20 2055 7365 2074 6865 2061 from. Use the a\n-00021a70: 7272 6f77 206b 6579 7320 746f 2073 656c rrow keys to sel\n-00021a80: 6563 7420 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 6f66 ect the entry of\n-00021a90: 0a63 686f 6963 652c 2074 6865 6e20 7072 .choice, then pr\n-00021aa0: 6573 7320 3c52 4554 3e20 746f 2072 756e ess to run\n-00021ab0: 2069 742e 2020 416e 206f 7074 696f 6e61 it. An optiona\n-00021ac0: 6c20 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6973 2061 7661 l timeout is ava\n-00021ad0: 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 626f 6f74 2074 ilable to.boot t\n-00021ae0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 he default entry\n-00021af0: 2028 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6f6e 6520 (the first one \n-00021b00: 6966 206e 6f74 2073 6574 292c 2077 6869 if not set), whi\n-00021b10: 6368 2069 7320 6162 6f72 7465 6420 6279 ch is aborted by\n-00021b20: 0a70 7265 7373 696e 6720 616e 7920 6b65 .pressing any ke\n-00021b30: 792e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 y... 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to.enter t\n-00021cd0: 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642e 0a0a 2020 he password... \n-00021ce0: 2050 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c43 7472 6c2d Pressing will refresh \n-00021d00: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 7768 6963 6820 the menu, which \n-00021d10: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 can be useful wh\n-00021d20: 656e 0a63 6f6e 6e65 6374 696e 6720 7669 en.connecting vi\n-00021d30: 6120 7365 7269 616c 2061 6674 6572 2074 a serial after t\n-00021d40: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6861 7320 6265 656e he menu has been\n-00021d50: 2064 7261 776e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a drawn.....File:\n-00021d60: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00021d70: 653a 204d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 e: Menu entry ed\n-00021d80: 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 656e itor, Prev: Men\n-00021d90: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 u interface, Up\n-00021da0: 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e : Interface..14.\n-00021db0: 3320 4564 6974 696e 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 3 Editing a menu\n-00021dc0: 2065 6e74 7279 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d entry.=========\n+00021990: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 ====..The menu i\n+000219a0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 7320 7175 6974 nterface is quit\n+000219b0: 6520 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7573 652e 2020 e easy to use. \n+000219c0: 4974 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 Its commands are\n+000219d0: 2062 6f74 680a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c79 both.reasonably\n+000219e0: 2069 6e74 7569 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2064 intuitive and d\n+000219f0: 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7363 7265 escribed on scre\n+00021a00: 656e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4261 7369 6361 6c6c en... Basicall\n+00021a10: 792c 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 y, the menu inte\n+00021a20: 7266 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 rface provides a\n+00021a30: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 list of ...boot\n+00021a40: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 e280 9d20 746f 0a74 entries... to.t\n+00021a50: 6865 2075 7365 7220 746f 2063 686f 6f73 he user to choos\n+00021a60: 6520 6672 6f6d 2e20 2055 7365 2074 6865 e from. Use the\n+00021a70: 2061 7272 6f77 206b 6579 7320 746f 2073 arrow keys to s\n+00021a80: 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 elect the entry \n+00021a90: 6f66 0a63 686f 6963 652c 2074 6865 6e20 of.choice, then \n+00021aa0: 7072 6573 7320 3c52 4554 3e20 746f 2072 press to r\n+00021ab0: 756e 2069 742e 2020 416e 206f 7074 696f un it. An optio\n+00021ac0: 6e61 6c20 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6973 2061 nal timeout is a\n+00021ad0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 626f 6f74 vailable to.boot\n+00021ae0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 the default ent\n+00021af0: 7279 2028 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6f6e ry (the first on\n+00021b00: 6520 6966 206e 6f74 2073 6574 292c 2077 e if not set), w\n+00021b10: 6869 6368 2069 7320 6162 6f72 7465 6420 hich is aborted \n+00021b20: 6279 0a70 7265 7373 696e 6720 616e 7920 by.pressing any \n+00021b30: 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 key... Command\n+00021b40: 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 s are available \n+00021b50: 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2061 2062 6172 6520 to enter a bare \n+00021b60: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2062 7920 command-line by \n+00021b70: 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 633e 0a28 7768 pressing .(wh\n+00021b80: 6963 6820 6f70 6572 6174 6573 2065 7861 ich operates exa\n+00021b90: 6374 6c79 206c 696b 6520 7468 6520 6e6f ctly like the no\n+00021ba0: 6e2d 636f 6e66 6967 2d66 696c 6520 7665 n-config-file ve\n+00021bb0: 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2047 5255 422c 2062 rsion of GRUB, b\n+00021bc0: 7574 0a61 6c6c 6f77 7320 6f6e 6520 746f ut.allows one to\n+00021bd0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206d return to the m\n+00021be0: 656e 7520 6966 2064 6573 6972 6564 2062 enu if desired b\n+00021bf0: 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 4553 433e y pressing \n+00021c00: 2920 6f72 2074 6f0a 6564 6974 2061 6e79 ) or to.edit any\n+00021c10: 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 of the ...boot \n+00021c20: 656e 7472 6965 73e2 809d 2062 7920 7072 entries... by pr\n+00021c30: 6573 7369 6e67 203c 653e 2e0a 0a20 2020 essing ... \n+00021c40: 4966 2079 6f75 2070 726f 7465 6374 2074 If you protect t\n+00021c50: 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 he menu interfac\n+00021c60: 6520 7769 7468 2061 2070 6173 7377 6f72 e with a passwor\n+00021c70: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 d (*note Securit\n+00021c80: 793a 3a29 2c0a 616c 6c20 796f 7520 6361 y::),.all you ca\n+00021c90: 6e20 646f 2069 7320 6368 6f6f 7365 2061 n do is choose a\n+00021ca0: 6e20 656e 7472 7920 6279 2070 7265 7373 n entry by press\n+00021cb0: 696e 6720 3c52 4554 3e2c 206f 7220 7072 ing , or pr\n+00021cc0: 6573 7320 3c70 3e20 746f 0a65 6e74 6572 ess

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If the menu\n-00022bb0: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e 206f 6e65 entry is in one\n-00022bc0: 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 or more submenu\n-00022bd0: 732c 2074 6865 6e20 4348 4f53 454e 2069 s, then CHOSEN i\n-00022be0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a74 6865 2074 6974 s set to.the tit\n-00022bf0: 6c65 7320 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 les of each of t\n-00022c00: 6865 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 6172 he submenus star\n-00022c10: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 746f ting from the to\n-00022c20: 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 p level followed\n-00022c30: 0a62 7920 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 6f66 .by the title of\n-00022c40: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 the menu entry \n-00022c50: 6974 7365 6c66 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 itself, separate\n-00022c60: 6420 6279 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 2e0a 0a1f d by ...>.......\n-00022c70: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00022c80: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 , Node: cmdpath\n-00022c90: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 , Next: color_h\n-00022ca0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a ighlight, Prev:\n-00022cb0: 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 chosen, Up: Sp\n-00022cc0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00022cd0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00022ce0: 312e 3420 636d 6470 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 1.4 cmdpath.----\n-00022cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 ----------..The \n-00022d00: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 7768 location from wh\n-00022d10: 6963 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 ich ...core.img.\n-00022d20: 8099 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6173 .. was loaded as\n-00022d30: 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2064 6972 an absolute dir\n-00022d40: 6563 746f 7279 0a6e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f ectory.name (*no\n-00022d50: 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e te File name syn\n-00022d60: 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 tax::). This is\n-00022d70: 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 set by GRUB at \n-00022d80: 7374 6172 7475 7020 6261 7365 640a 6f6e startup based.on\n-00022d90: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 information ret\n-00022da0: 7572 6e65 6420 6279 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 urned by platfor\n-00022db0: 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 204e 6f74 m firmware. Not\n-00022dc0: 2065 7665 7279 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a every platform.\n-00022dd0: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2074 6869 7320 696e provides this in\n-00022de0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 736f formation and so\n-00022df0: 6d65 206d 6179 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6f6e me may return on\n-00022e00: 6c79 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 6f75 ly device withou\n-00022e10: 7420 7061 7468 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a 1f0a t path.name.....\n-00022e20: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00022e30: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 Node: color_hi\n-00022e40: 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ghlight, Next: \n-00022e50: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 color_normal, P\n-00022e60: 7265 763a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 2055 rev: cmdpath, U\n-00022e70: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00022e80: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00022e90: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e35 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 ..15.1.5 color_h\n-00022ea0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ighlight.-------\n-00022eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00022ec0: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 .This variable c\n-00022ed0: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 2268 6967 ontains the \"hig\n-00022ee0: 686c 6967 6874 2220 666f 7265 6772 6f75 hlight\" foregrou\n-00022ef0: 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e nd and backgroun\n-00022f00: 640a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2063 6f6c 6f72 d.terminal color\n-00022f10: 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 s, separated by \n-00022f20: 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 a slash (.../...\n-00022f30: 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 ). Setting this\n-00022f40: 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 6368 616e 6765 variable.change\n-00022f50: 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 s those colors. \n-00022f60: 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 For the availab\n-00022f70: 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c20 le color names, \n-00022f80: 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d *note.color_norm\n-00022f90: 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 al::... The de\n-00022fa0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 626c 6163 fault is ...blac\n-00022fb0: 6b2f 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 e280 992e k/light-gray....\n-00022fc0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00022fd0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f nfo, Node: colo\n-00022fe0: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a r_normal, Next:\n-00022ff0: 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 config_director\n-00023000: 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f y, Prev: color_\n-00023010: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5570 3a20 highlight, Up: \n-00023020: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00023030: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00023040: 352e 312e 3620 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 5.1.6 color_norm\n-00023050: 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al.-------------\n-00023060: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n-00023070: 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 iable contains t\n-00023080: 6865 2022 6e6f 726d 616c 2220 666f 7265 he \"normal\" fore\n-00023090: 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 ground and backg\n-000230a0: 726f 756e 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a63 round terminal.c\n-000230b0: 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 olors, separated\n-000230c0: 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 by a slash (...\n-000230d0: 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 /...). Setting \n-000230e0: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 this variable ch\n-000230f0: 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 650a 636f 6c6f anges those.colo\n-00023100: 7273 2e20 2045 6163 6820 636f 6c6f 7220 rs. Each color \n-00023110: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 6e61 6d65 2066 must be a name f\n-00023120: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e rom the followin\n-00023130: 6720 6c69 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 g list:.. ... \n-00023140: 626c 6163 6b0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6c75 black. ... blu\n-00023150: 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 2067 7265 656e 0a20 e. ... green. \n-00023160: 2020 e280 a220 6379 616e 0a20 2020 e280 ... cyan. ..\n-00023170: a220 7265 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6167 . red. ... mag\n-00023180: 656e 7461 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6272 6f77 enta. ... brow\n-00023190: 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d67 n. ... light-g\n-000231a0: 7261 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 2064 6172 6b2d ray. ... dark-\n-000231b0: 6772 6179 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 gray. ... ligh\n-000231c0: 742d 626c 7565 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 t-blue. ... li\n-000231d0: 6768 742d 6772 6565 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ght-green. ...\n-000231e0: 206c 6967 6874 2d63 7961 6e0a 2020 20e2 light-cyan. .\n-000231f0: 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d72 6564 0a20 2020 .. light-red. \n-00023200: e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6d61 6765 6e74 ... light-magent\n-00023210: 610a 2020 20e2 80a2 2079 656c 6c6f 770a a. ... yellow.\n-00023220: 2020 20e2 80a2 2077 6869 7465 0a0a 2020 ... white.. \n-00023230: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n-00023240: e280 986c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 792f 626c ...light-gray/bl\n-00023250: 6163 6be2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 ack...... The \n-00023260: 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7375 color support su\n-00023270: 7070 6f72 7420 7661 7269 6573 2066 726f pport varies fro\n-00023280: 6d20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 6f20 7465 m terminal to te\n-00023290: 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 986d rminal... ...m\n-000232a0: 6f72 7365 e280 9920 6861 7320 6e6f 2063 orse... has no c\n-000232b0: 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 7420 olor support at \n-000232c0: 616c 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 615f all... ...mda_\n-000232d0: 7465 7874 e280 9920 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 text... color su\n-000232e0: 7070 6f72 7420 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 pport is limited\n-000232f0: 2074 6f20 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7469 6e67 to highlighting\n-00023300: 2062 7920 626c 6163 6b2f 7768 6974 650a by black/white.\n-00023310: 7265 7665 7273 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 reversal... ..\n-00023320: 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 9920 6f6e 2041 .console... on A\n-00023330: 5243 2c20 454d 5520 616e 6420 4945 4545 RC, EMU and IEEE\n-00023340: 3132 3735 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6c5f 1275, ...serial_\n-00023350: 2ae2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d *... and ...spkm\n-00023360: 6f64 656d e280 9920 6172 650a 676f 7665 odem... are.gove\n-00023370: 726e 6564 2062 7920 7465 726d 696e 666f rned by terminfo\n-00023380: 2061 6e64 2073 7570 706f 7274 206f 6e6c and support onl\n-00023390: 7920 3820 636f 6c6f 7273 2069 6620 696e y 8 colors if in\n-000233a0: 206d 6f64 6573 20e2 8098 7674 3130 302d modes ...vt100-\n-000233b0: 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 0a28 6465 6661 756c color....(defaul\n-000233c0: 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e t for console on\n-000233d0: 2065 6d75 292c 20e2 8098 6172 63e2 8099 emu), ...arc...\n-000233e0: 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f (default for co\n-000233f0: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2041 5243 292c 0ae2 nsole on ARC),..\n-00023400: 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 9920 2864 ..ieee1275... (d\n-00023410: 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f efault for conso\n-00023420: 6c65 206f 6e20 4945 4545 3132 3735 292e le on IEEE1275).\n-00023430: 2020 5768 656e 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 When in mode .\n-00023440: 8098 7674 3130 30e2 8099 2074 6865 6e0a ..vt100... then.\n-00023450: 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 the color suppor\n-00023460: 7420 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 t is limited to \n-00023470: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7469 6e67 2062 7920 highlighting by \n-00023480: 626c 6163 6b2f 7768 6974 6520 7265 7665 black/white reve\n-00023490: 7273 616c 2e0a 5768 656e 2069 6e20 6d6f rsal..When in mo\n-000234a0: 6465 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 e280 9920 7468 de ...dumb... th\n-000234b0: 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 ere is no color \n-000234c0: 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 support... Whe\n-000234d0: 6e20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 7375 7070 6f72 n console suppor\n-000234e0: 7473 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6869 ts no colors thi\n-000234f0: 7320 7365 7474 696e 6720 6973 2069 676e s setting is ign\n-00023500: 6f72 6564 2e20 2057 6865 6e0a 636f 6e73 ored. When.cons\n-00023510: 6f6c 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2038 2063 ole supports 8 c\n-00023520: 6f6c 6f72 732c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 olors, then the \n-00023530: 636f 6c6f 7273 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 colors from the \n-00023540: 7365 636f 6e64 2068 616c 6620 6f66 2074 second half of t\n-00023550: 6865 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6c69 7374 he.previous list\n-00023560: 2061 7265 206d 6170 7065 6420 746f 2074 are mapped to t\n-00023570: 6865 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 636f 6c6f he matching colo\n-00023580: 7273 206f 6620 6669 7273 7420 6861 6c66 rs of first half\n-00023590: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 ... ...console\n-000235a0: e280 9920 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 6e64 2042 ... on EFI and B\n-000235b0: 494f 5320 616e 6420 e280 9876 6761 5f74 IOS and ...vga_t\n-000235c0: 6578 74e2 8099 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 ext... support a\n-000235d0: 6c6c 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2e0a 0a20 ll 16 colors... \n-000235e0: 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 ...gfxterm... \n-000235f0: 7375 7070 6f72 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Pr\n-000236e0: 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c ev: color_normal\n-000236f0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00023700: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00023710: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e37 2063 6f6e bles..15.1.7 con\n-00023720: 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2d2d fig_directory.--\n+000223a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 =========..These\n+000223b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2068 6176 6520 variables have \n+000223c0: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 616e 696e 6720 special meaning \n+000223d0: 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 to GRUB...* Menu\n+000223e0: 3a0a 0a2a 2062 696f 736e 756d 3a3a 0a2a :..* biosnum::.*\n+000223f0: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n+00022400: 733a 3a0a 2a20 6368 6f73 656e 3a3a 0a2a s::.* chosen::.*\n+00022410: 2063 6d64 7061 7468 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6c cmdpath::.* col\n+00022420: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 3a3a 0a2a or_highlight::.*\n+00022430: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 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(*n\n+00022830: 6f74 6520 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e ote Chain-loadin\n+00022840: 673a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 206d 6179 0a6e g::), GRUB may.n\n+00022850: 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 7768 6174 eed to know what\n+00022860: 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 BIOS drive numb\n+00022870: 6572 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 er corresponds t\n+00022880: 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 o the root devic\n+00022890: 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2072 6f6f 743a 3a29 e.(*note root::)\n+000228a0: 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 so that it can \n+000228b0: 7365 7420 7570 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 set up registers\n+000228c0: 2070 726f 7065 726c 792e 2020 4966 2074 properly. If t\n+000228d0: 6865 2042 494f 534e 554d 0a76 6172 6961 he BIOSNUM.varia\n+000228e0: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206f ble is set, it o\n+000228f0: 7665 7272 6964 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 verrides GRUB's \n+00022900: 6f77 6e20 6d65 616e 7320 6f66 2067 7565 own means of gue\n+00022910: 7373 696e 6720 7468 6973 2e0a 0a20 2020 ssing this... \n+00022920: 466f 7220 616e 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 For an alternati\n+00022930: 7665 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 7768 6963 ve approach whic\n+00022940: 6820 616c 736f 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2042 h also changes B\n+00022950: 494f 5320 6472 6976 6520 6d61 7070 696e IOS drive mappin\n+00022960: 6773 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6861 696e gs.for the chain\n+00022970: 2d6c 6f61 6465 6420 7379 7374 656d 2c20 -loaded system, \n+00022980: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a *note drivemap::\n+00022990: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000229a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6865 info, Node: che\n+000229b0: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 ck_signatures, \n+000229c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 2050 Next: chosen, P\n+000229d0: 7265 763a 2062 696f 736e 756d 2c20 2055 rev: biosnum, U\n+000229e0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+000229f0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00022a00: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 2063 6865 636b 5f73 ..15.1.2 check_s\n+00022a10: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ignatures.------\n+00022a20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00022a30: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n+00022a40: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7768 6574 6865 controls whethe\n+00022a50: 7220 4752 5542 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 7320 r GRUB enforces \n+00022a60: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n+00022a70: 650a 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 e.validation on \n+00022a80: 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 696c 6573 2e20 202a loaded files. *\n+00022a90: 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 Note Using digit\n+00022aa0: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2e al signatures::.\n+00022ab0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00022ac0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6f73 nfo, Node: chos\n+00022ad0: 656e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d64 7061 en, Next: cmdpa\n+00022ae0: 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6865 636b th, Prev: check\n+00022af0: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 _signatures, Up\n+00022b00: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00022b10: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00022b20: 0a31 352e 312e 3320 6368 6f73 656e 0a2d .15.1.3 chosen.-\n+00022b30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5768 ------------..Wh\n+00022b40: 656e 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2061 206d en executing a m\n+00022b50: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2047 5255 4220 enu entry, GRUB \n+00022b60: 7365 7473 2074 6865 2043 484f 5345 4e20 sets the CHOSEN \n+00022b70: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 variable to the \n+00022b80: 7469 746c 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2065 6e74 title.of the ent\n+00022b90: 7279 2062 6569 6e67 2065 7865 6375 7465 ry being execute\n+00022ba0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6d65 d... If the me\n+00022bb0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e 206f nu entry is in o\n+00022bc0: 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2073 7562 6d65 ne or more subme\n+00022bd0: 6e75 732c 2074 6865 6e20 4348 4f53 454e nus, then CHOSEN\n+00022be0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a74 6865 2074 is set to.the t\n+00022bf0: 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 itles of each of\n+00022c00: 2074 6865 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 the submenus st\n+00022c10: 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 arting from the \n+00022c20: 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 top level follow\n+00022c30: 6564 0a62 7920 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 ed.by the title \n+00022c40: 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 of the menu entr\n+00022c50: 7920 6974 7365 6c66 2c20 7365 7061 7261 y itself, separa\n+00022c60: 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 2e0a ted by ...>.....\n+00022c70: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00022c80: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d64 7061 fo, Node: cmdpa\n+00022c90: 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 th, Next: color\n+00022ca0: 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 _highlight, Pre\n+00022cb0: 763a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 v: chosen, Up: \n+00022cc0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00022cd0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00022ce0: 352e 312e 3420 636d 6470 6174 680a 2d2d 5.1.4 cmdpath.--\n+00022cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+00022d00: 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 e location from \n+00022d10: 7768 6963 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d which ...core.im\n+00022d20: 67e2 8099 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 6420 g... was loaded \n+00022d30: 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2064 as an absolute d\n+00022d40: 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6e 616d 6520 282a irectory.name (*\n+00022d50: 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 note File name s\n+00022d60: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 yntax::). This \n+00022d70: 6973 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 is set by GRUB a\n+00022d80: 7420 7374 6172 7475 7020 6261 7365 640a t startup based.\n+00022d90: 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2072 on information r\n+00022da0: 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 2070 6c61 7466 eturned by platf\n+00022db0: 6f72 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 204e orm firmware. N\n+00022dc0: 6f74 2065 7665 7279 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 ot every platfor\n+00022dd0: 6d0a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2074 6869 7320 m.provides this \n+00022de0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 information and \n+00022df0: 736f 6d65 206d 6179 2072 6574 7572 6e20 some may return \n+00022e00: 6f6e 6c79 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 only device with\n+00022e10: 6f75 7420 7061 7468 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a out path.name...\n+00022e20: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00022e30: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f o, Node: color_\n+00022e40: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 4e65 7874 highlight, Next\n+00022e50: 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 : color_normal, \n+00022e60: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 Prev: cmdpath, \n+00022e70: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00022e80: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00022e90: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e35 2063 6f6c 6f72 es..15.1.5 color\n+00022ea0: 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d _highlight.-----\n+00022eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00022ec0: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n+00022ed0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 2268 contains the \"h\n+00022ee0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 2220 666f 7265 6772 ighlight\" foregr\n+00022ef0: 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f ound and backgro\n+00022f00: 756e 640a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2063 6f6c und.terminal col\n+00022f10: 6f72 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ors, separated b\n+00022f20: 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 y a slash (.../.\n+00022f30: 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 ..). Setting th\n+00022f40: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 6368 616e is variable.chan\n+00022f50: 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 ges those colors\n+00022f60: 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c . For the avail\n+00022f70: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 able color names\n+00022f80: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f , *note.color_no\n+00022f90: 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 rmal::... The \n+00022fa0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 626c default is ...bl\n+00022fb0: 6163 6b2f 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 e280 ack/light-gray..\n+00022fc0: 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ......File: grub\n+00022fd0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f .info, Node: co\n+00022fe0: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 lor_normal, Nex\n+00022ff0: 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 t: config_direct\n+00023000: 6f72 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f ory, Prev: colo\n+00023010: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5570 r_highlight, Up\n+00023020: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00023030: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00023040: 0a31 352e 312e 3620 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f .15.1.6 color_no\n+00023050: 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rmal.-----------\n+00023060: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n+00023070: 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 ariable contains\n+00023080: 2074 6865 2022 6e6f 726d 616c 2220 666f the \"normal\" fo\n+00023090: 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 reground and bac\n+000230a0: 6b67 726f 756e 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c kground terminal\n+000230b0: 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 .colors, separat\n+000230c0: 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 ed by a slash (.\n+000230d0: 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e ../...). Settin\n+000230e0: 6720 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 g this variable \n+000230f0: 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 650a 636f changes those.co\n+00023100: 6c6f 7273 2e20 2045 6163 6820 636f 6c6f lors. Each colo\n+00023110: 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 6e61 6d65 r must be a name\n+00023120: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 from the follow\n+00023130: 696e 6720 6c69 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 ing list:.. ..\n+00023140: a220 626c 6163 6b0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 . black. ... b\n+00023150: 6c75 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 2067 7265 656e lue. ... green\n+00023160: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6379 616e 0a20 2020 . ... cyan. \n+00023170: e280 a220 7265 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d ... red. ... m\n+00023180: 6167 656e 7461 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6272 agenta. ... br\n+00023190: 6f77 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 own. ... light\n+000231a0: 2d67 7261 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 2064 6172 -gray. ... dar\n+000231b0: 6b2d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 k-gray. ... li\n+000231c0: 6768 742d 626c 7565 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ght-blue. ... \n+000231d0: 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6565 6e0a 2020 20e2 light-green. .\n+000231e0: 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d63 7961 6e0a 2020 .. light-cyan. \n+000231f0: 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d72 6564 0a20 ... light-red. \n+00023200: 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6d61 6765 ... light-mage\n+00023210: 6e74 610a 2020 20e2 80a2 2079 656c 6c6f nta. ... yello\n+00023220: 770a 2020 20e2 80a2 2077 6869 7465 0a0a w. ... white..\n+00023230: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n+00023240: 7320 e280 986c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 792f s ...light-gray/\n+00023250: 626c 6163 6be2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 black...... 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When.co\n+00023510: 6e73 6f6c 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2038 nsole supports 8\n+00023520: 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 colors, then th\n+00023530: 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2066 726f 6d20 7468 e colors from th\n+00023540: 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2068 616c 6620 6f66 e second half of\n+00023550: 2074 6865 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6c69 the.previous li\n+00023560: 7374 2061 7265 206d 6170 7065 6420 746f st are mapped to\n+00023570: 2074 6865 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 636f the matching co\n+00023580: 6c6f 7273 206f 6620 6669 7273 7420 6861 lors of first ha\n+00023590: 6c66 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 736f lf... ...conso\n+000235a0: 6c65 e280 9920 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 6e64 le... on EFI and\n+000235b0: 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 e280 9876 6761 BIOS and ...vga\n+000235c0: 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2073 7570 706f 7274 _text... support\n+000235d0: 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2e0a all 16 colors..\n+000235e0: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 . ...gfxterm..\n+000235f0: 9920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2061 6c6c 2031 . supports all 1\n+00023600: 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2061 6e64 2077 6f75 6 colors and wou\n+00023610: 6c64 2062 6520 7468 656f 7265 7469 6361 ld be theoretica\n+00023620: 6c6c 790a 6578 7465 6e64 6162 6c65 2074 lly.extendable t\n+00023630: 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7768 6f6c 6520 o support whole \n+00023640: 7267 6232 3420 7061 6c65 7474 6520 6275 rgb24 palette bu\n+00023650: 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 6572 t currently ther\n+00023660: 6520 6973 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 656c 6c69 e is no.compelli\n+00023670: 6e67 2072 6561 736f 6e20 746f 2067 6f20 ng reason to go \n+00023680: 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 beyond the curre\n+00023690: 6e74 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2e0a 0a1f nt 16 colors....\n+000236a0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000236b0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f , Node: config_\n+000236c0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 4e65 7874 directory, Next\n+000236d0: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 : config_file, \n+000236e0: 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d Prev: color_norm\n+000236f0: 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c al, Up: Special\n+00023700: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00023710: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e37 2063 iables..15.1.7 c\n+00023720: 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a onfig_directory.\n 00023730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00023740: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n-00023750: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6175 746f 6d61 7469 able is automati\n-00023760: 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 cally set by GRU\n-00023770: 4220 746f 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f B to the directo\n-00023780: 7279 2070 6172 7420 6f66 0a63 7572 7265 ry part of.curre\n-00023790: 6e74 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e nt configuration\n-000237a0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 file name (*not\n-000237b0: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 653a 3a29 e config_file::)\n-000237c0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000237d0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e info, Node: con\n-000237e0: 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a fig_file, Next:\n-000237f0: 2064 6562 7567 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 debug, Prev: c\n-00023800: 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c onfig_directory,\n-00023810: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00023820: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00023830: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3820 636f 6e66 les..15.1.8 conf\n-00023840: 6967 5f66 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ig_file.--------\n-00023850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 ----------..This\n-00023860: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 7574 variable is aut\n-00023870: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 omatically set b\n-00023880: 7920 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e61 y GRUB to the na\n-00023890: 6d65 206f 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 me of configurat\n-000238a0: 696f 6e0a 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 6973 ion.file that is\n-000238b0: 2062 6569 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 being processed\n-000238c0: 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 by commands ...\n-000238d0: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 282a configfile... (*\n-000238e0: 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a note.configfile:\n-000238f0: 3a29 206f 7220 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 :) or ...normal.\n-00023900: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c .. (*note normal\n-00023910: 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7265 7374 ::). It is rest\n-00023920: 6f72 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 7072 6576 ored to the.prev\n-00023930: 696f 7573 2076 616c 7565 2077 6865 6e20 ious value when \n-00023940: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 command complete\n-00023950: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00023960: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 .info, Node: de\n-00023970: 6275 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 6661 bug, Next: defa\n-00023980: 756c 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 ult, Prev: conf\n-00023990: 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ig_file, Up: Sp\n-000239a0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-000239b0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-000239c0: 312e 3920 6465 6275 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 1.9 debug.------\n-000239d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n-000239e0: 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 iable may be set\n-000239f0: 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2064 6562 7567 to enable debug\n-00023a00: 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d ging output from\n-00023a10: 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 various.compone\n-00023a20: 6e74 7320 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2054 6865 nts of GRUB. The\n-00023a30: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 616e 206f 7264 value is an ord\n-00023a40: 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 6562 ered list of deb\n-00023a50: 7567 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 ug facility name\n-00023a60: 730a 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 s.separated by w\n-00023a70: 6869 7465 7370 6163 6520 6f72 20e2 8098 hitespace or ...\n-00023a80: 2ce2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 7370 ,.... If the sp\n-00023a90: 6563 6961 6c20 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e ecial facility n\n-00023aa0: 616d 6564 20e2 8098 616c 6ce2 8099 2069 amed ...all... i\n-00023ab0: 730a 7072 6573 656e 7420 7468 656e 2064 s.present then d\n-00023ac0: 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 7420 ebugging output \n-00023ad0: 6f66 2061 6c6c 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 of all facility \n-00023ae0: 6e61 6d65 7320 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 names is enabled\n-00023af0: 2061 7420 7468 650a 7374 6172 7420 6f66 at the.start of\n-00023b00: 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 processing the \n-00023b10: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7661 value of this va\n-00023b20: 7269 6162 6c65 2e20 2041 2066 6163 696c riable. A facil\n-00023b30: 6974 7927 7320 6465 6275 670a 6f75 7470 ity's debug.outp\n-00023b40: 7574 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2064 ut can then be d\n-00023b50: 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2070 7265 6669 isabled by prefi\n-00023b60: 7869 6e67 2069 7473 206e 616d 6520 7769 xing its name wi\n-00023b70: 7468 2061 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 th a ...-.... T\n-00023b80: 6865 206c 6173 740a 6f63 6375 7265 6e63 he last.occurenc\n-00023b90: 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6520 e facility name \n-00023ba0: 7769 7468 206f 7220 7769 7468 6f75 7420 with or without \n-00023bb0: 6120 6c65 6164 696e 6720 e280 982d e280 a leading ...-..\n-00023bc0: 9920 7461 6b65 7320 7072 6563 656e 6465 . takes precende\n-00023bd0: 6e74 0a6f 7665 7220 616e 7920 7072 6576 nt.over any prev\n-00023be0: 696f 7573 206f 6363 7572 656e 6365 2e20 ious occurence. \n-00023bf0: 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 This allows the\n-00023c00: 2065 6173 7920 656e 6162 6c69 6e67 206f easy enabling o\n-00023c10: 7220 6469 7361 626c 696e 670a 6f66 2066 r disabling.of f\n-00023c20: 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 6279 2061 7070 acilities by app\n-00023c30: 656e 6469 6e67 2061 20e2 8098 2ce2 8099 ending a ...,...\n-00023c40: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6661 and then the fa\n-00023c50: 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6520 7769 7468 cility name with\n-00023c60: 206f 720a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 or.without the \n-00023c70: 6c65 6164 696e 6720 e280 982d e280 992c leading ...-...,\n-00023c80: 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6573 which will pres\n-00023c90: 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 7461 7465 206f erve the state o\n-00023ca0: 6620 7468 6520 7265 7374 206f 660a 7468 f the rest of.th\n-00023cb0: 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 2e20 2054 e facilities. T\n-00023cc0: 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 he facility name\n-00023cd0: 7320 6172 6520 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 s are the first \n-00023ce0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2074 6f0a 6772 7562 argument to.grub\n-00023cf0: 5f64 7072 696e 7466 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 _dprintf. 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The\n-00023e30: 0a65 6e74 7279 206d 6179 2062 6520 6964 .entry may be id\n-00023e40: 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 6e75 6d62 entified by numb\n-00023e50: 6572 2028 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f er (starting fro\n-00023e60: 6d20 3020 6174 2065 6163 6820 6c65 7665 m 0 at each leve\n-00023e70: 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 0a68 6965 7261 7263 l of the.hierarc\n-00023e80: 6879 292c 2062 7920 7469 746c 652c 206f hy), by title, o\n-00023e90: 7220 6279 2069 642e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 r by id... For\n-00023ea0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 example, if you\n-00023eb0: 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 have:..menuentr\n-00023ec0: 7920 2745 7861 6d70 6c65 2047 4e55 2f4c y 'Example GNU/L\n-00023ed0: 696e 7578 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f inux distributio\n-00023ee0: 6e27 202d 2d63 6c61 7373 2067 6e75 2d6c n' --class gnu-l\n-00023ef0: 696e 7578 202d 2d69 6420 6578 616d 706c inux --id exampl\n-00023f00: 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 7b0a 092e e-gnu-linux {...\n-00023f10: 2e2e 0a7d 0a0a 2020 2074 6865 6e20 796f ...}.. then yo\n-00023f20: 7520 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 2074 6869 7320 u can make this \n-00023f30: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7573 696e the default usin\n-00023f40: 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 g:.. default\n-00023f50: 3d65 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e =example-gnu-lin\n-00023f60: 7578 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 656e ux.. 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Versio\n-00024140: 6e20 332e 342e 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e n 3.4.0 --id=min\n-00024150: 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ix-3.4.0. \n-00024160: 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e 332e 3020 Version 3.3.0 \n-00024170: 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e33 2e30 --id=minix-3.3.0\n-00024180: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2049 6e76 . GRUB Inv\n-00024190: 6164 6572 7320 2d2d 6964 3d67 7275 622d aders --id=grub-\n-000241a0: 696e 7661 6465 7273 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 invaders.. The\n-000241b0: 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6365 6e74 2072 656c more recent rel\n-000241c0: 6561 7365 206f 6620 4d69 6e69 7820 776f ease of Minix wo\n-000241d0: 756c 6420 7468 656e 2062 6520 6964 656e uld then be iden\n-000241e0: 7469 6669 6564 2061 7320 e280 984f 7468 tified as ...Oth\n-000241f0: 6572 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3e4d 696e er.platforms>Min\n-00024200: 6978 3e56 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 ix>Version 3.4.0\n-00024210: e280 992c 206f 7220 6173 20e2 8098 313e ..., or as ...1>\n-00024220: 303e 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 730a e280 0>0..., or as...\n-00024230: 986f 7468 6572 3e6d 696e 6978 3e6d 696e .other>minix>min\n-00024240: 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 ix-3.4.0...... \n-00024250: 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 This variable i\n-00024260: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 s often set by .\n-00024270: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 ..GRUB_DEFAULT..\n-00024280: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a . (*note Simple.\n-00024290: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n-000242a0: 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 , ...grub-set-de\n-000242b0: 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 fault..., or ...\n-000242c0: 6772 7562 2d72 6562 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a grub-reboot.....\n-000242d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000242e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 616c 6c62 fo, Node: fallb\n-000242f0: 6163 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 786d ack, Next: gfxm\n-00024300: 6f64 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 6661 ode, Prev: defa\n-00024310: 756c 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ult, Up: Specia\n-00024320: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00024330: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3131 riables..15.1.11\n-00024340: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fallback.------\n-00024350: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 ----------..If t\n-00024360: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n-00024370: 7365 742c 2069 7420 6964 656e 7469 6669 set, it identifi\n-00024380: 6573 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 es a menu entry \n-00024390: 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 0a73 that should be.s\n-000243a0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 6966 2074 6865 2064 elected if the d\n-000243b0: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 efault menu entr\n-000243c0: 7920 6661 696c 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 742e y fails to boot.\n-000243d0: 2020 456e 7472 6965 7320 6172 650a 6964 Entries are.id\n-000243e0: 656e 7469 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 entified in the \n-000243f0: 7361 6d65 2077 6179 2061 7320 666f 7220 same way as for \n-00024400: e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 282a ...default... (*\n-00024410: 6e6f 7465 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a 292e note default::).\n-00024420: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00024430: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 786d nfo, Node: gfxm\n-00024440: 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 7870 ode, Next: gfxp\n-00024450: 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 ayload, Prev: f\n-00024460: 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 allback, Up: Sp\n-00024470: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00024480: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00024490: 312e 3132 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 1.12 gfxmode.---\n-000244a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n-000244b0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n-000244c0: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 7365 7473 2074 s set, it sets t\n-000244d0: 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 7573 he resolution us\n-000244e0: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 6678 ed on the ...gfx\n-000244f0: 7465 726d e280 990a 6772 6170 6869 6361 term....graphica\n-00024500: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 l terminal. Not\n-00024510: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206f e that you can o\n-00024520: 6e6c 7920 7573 6520 6d6f 6465 7320 7768 nly use modes wh\n-00024530: 6963 6820 796f 7572 0a67 7261 7068 6963 ich your.graphic\n-00024540: 7320 6361 7264 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 s card supports \n-00024550: 7669 6120 5645 5341 2042 494f 5320 4578 via VESA BIOS Ex\n-00024560: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2028 5642 4529 2c20 tensions (VBE), \n-00024570: 736f 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a6e so for example.n\n-00024580: 6174 6976 6520 4c43 4420 7061 6e65 6c20 ative LCD panel \n-00024590: 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 resolutions may \n-000245a0: 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 not be available\n-000245b0: 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 . The default i\n-000245c0: 730a e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 s....auto..., wh\n-000245d0: 6963 6820 7365 6c65 6374 7320 6120 706c ich selects a pl\n-000245e0: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 atform-specific \n-000245f0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7468 6174 2073 686f default that sho\n-00024600: 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 uld look.reasona\n-00024610: 626c 652e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 ble. Supported \n-00024620: 6d6f 6465 7320 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6973 modes can be lis\n-00024630: 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 7669 6465 6f69 ted by ...videoi\n-00024640: 6e66 6fe2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 nfo... command i\n-00024650: 6e0a 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 n.GRUB... The \n-00024660: 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 resolution may b\n-00024670: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2061 e specified as a\n-00024680: 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 206f 6e65 sequence of one\n-00024690: 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 206d 6f64 6573 2c0a or more modes,.\n-000246a0: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2063 6f6d separated by com\n-000246b0: 6d61 7320 28e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2920 6f72 mas (...,...) or\n-000246c0: 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 7320 28e2 8098 semicolons (...\n-000246d0: 3be2 8099 293b 2065 6163 6820 7769 6c6c ;...); each will\n-000246e0: 2062 6520 7472 6965 6420 696e 0a74 7572 be tried in.tur\n-000246f0: 6e20 756e 7469 6c20 6f6e 6520 6973 2066 n until one is f\n-00024700: 6f75 6e64 2e20 2045 6163 6820 6d6f 6465 ound. Each mode\n-00024710: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2065 6974 6865 should be eithe\n-00024720: 7220 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2c0a e280 r ...auto...,...\n-00024730: 9857 4944 5448 7848 4549 4748 54e2 8099 .WIDTHxHEIGHT...\n-00024740: 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 , or ...WIDTHxHE\n-00024750: 4947 4854 7844 4550 5448 e280 992e 0a0a IGHTxDEPTH......\n-00024760: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00024770: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7870 6179 o, Node: gfxpay\n-00024780: 6c6f 6164 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6678 load, Next: gfx\n-00024790: 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 6576 term_font, Prev\n-000247a0: 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 5570 3a20 : gfxmode, Up: \n-000247b0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-000247c0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-000247d0: 352e 312e 3133 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 5.1.13 gfxpayloa\n-000247e0: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n-000247f0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n-00024800: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n-00024810: 7420 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 2074 6865 2076 t controls the v\n-00024820: 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6520 696e 2077 6869 ideo mode in whi\n-00024830: 6368 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0a6b 6572 ch the Linux.ker\n-00024840: 6e65 6c20 7374 6172 7473 2075 702c 2072 nel starts up, r\n-00024850: 6570 6c61 6369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 eplacing the ...\n-00024860: 7667 613d e280 9920 626f 6f74 206f 7074 vga=... boot opt\n-00024870: 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 ion (*note linux\n-00024880: 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 ::). It.may be \n-00024890: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 set to ...text..\n-000248a0: 9920 746f 2066 6f72 6365 2074 6865 204c . to force the L\n-000248b0: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 746f 2062 inux kernel to b\n-000248c0: 6f6f 7420 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 oot in normal te\n-000248d0: 7874 0a6d 6f64 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 xt.mode, ...keep\n-000248e0: e280 9920 746f 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 ... to preserve \n-000248f0: 7468 6520 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 the graphics mod\n-00024900: 6520 7365 7420 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 e set using ...g\n-00024910: 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 992c 206f 7220 616e fxmode..., or an\n-00024920: 790a 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6572 6d69 7474 y.of the permitt\n-00024930: 6564 2076 616c 7565 7320 666f 7220 e280 ed values for ..\n-00024940: 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 746f 2073 .gfxmode... to s\n-00024950: 6574 2061 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 et a particular \n-00024960: 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 650a 282a graphics mode.(*\n-00024970: 6e6f 7465 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 292e note gfxmode::).\n-00024980: 0a0a 2020 2044 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f .. Depending o\n-00024990: 6e20 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 n your kernel, y\n-000249a0: 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e our distribution\n-000249b0: 2c20 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 , your graphics \n-000249c0: 6361 7264 2c20 616e 640a 7468 6520 7068 card, and.the ph\n-000249d0: 6173 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d 6f6f 6e2c ase of the moon,\n-000249e0: 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2075 7369 6e67 note that using\n-000249f0: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 this option may\n-00024a00: 2063 6175 7365 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 cause GNU/Linux\n-00024a10: 0a74 6f20 7375 6666 6572 2066 726f 6d20 .to suffer from \n-00024a20: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7920 various display \n-00024a30: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 6963 problems, partic\n-00024a40: 756c 6172 6c79 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 ularly during th\n-00024a50: 6520 6561 726c 790a 7061 7274 206f 6620 e early.part of \n-00024a60: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6571 7565 6e63 the boot sequenc\n-00024a70: 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 e. If you have \n-00024a80: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7365 7420 7468 problems, set th\n-00024a90: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 0ae2 is variable to..\n-00024aa0: 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 ..text... and GR\n-00024ab0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e UB will tell Lin\n-00024ac0: 7578 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f ux to boot in no\n-00024ad0: 726d 616c 2074 6578 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a rmal text mode..\n-00024ae0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 . The default \n-00024af0: 6973 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 is platform-spec\n-00024b00: 6966 6963 2e20 204f 6e20 706c 6174 666f ific. On platfo\n-00024b10: 726d 7320 7769 7468 2061 206e 6174 6976 rms with a nativ\n-00024b20: 6520 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 6520 2873 7563 e text.mode (suc\n-00024b30: 6820 6173 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 h as PC BIOS pla\n-00024b40: 7466 6f72 6d73 292c 2074 6865 2064 6566 tforms), the def\n-00024b50: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9874 6578 74e2 ault is ...text.\n-00024b60: 8099 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2074 ... Otherwise t\n-00024b70: 6865 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 206d 6179 2062 he.default may b\n-00024b80: 6520 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 206f 7220 e ...auto... or \n-00024b90: 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 2076 6964 656f a specific video\n-00024ba0: 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 mode... This \n-00024bb0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 variable is ofte\n-00024bc0: 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 n set by ...GRUB\n-00024bd0: 5f47 4658 5041 594c 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 _GFXPAYLOAD_LINU\n-00024be0: 58e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 X... (*note Simp\n-00024bf0: 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le.configuration\n-00024c00: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-00024c10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00024c20: 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 204e gfxterm_font, N\n-00024c30: 6578 743a 2067 7275 625f 6370 752c 2020 ext: grub_cpu, \n-00024c40: 5072 6576 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 Prev: gfxpayload\n-00024c50: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00024c60: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00024c70: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3420 6766 bles..15.1.14 gf\n-00024c80: 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d xterm_font.-----\n-00024c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00024ca0: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n-00024cb0: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d e is set, it nam\n-00024cc0: 6573 2061 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 es a font to use\n-00024cd0: 2066 6f72 2074 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 for text on the\n-00024ce0: 0ae2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2067 ....gfxterm... g\n-00024cf0: 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 raphical termina\n-00024d00: 6c2e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 20e2 l. Otherwise, .\n-00024d10: 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 206d 6179 ..gfxterm... may\n-00024d20: 2075 7365 2061 6e79 0a61 7661 696c 6162 use any.availab\n-00024d30: 6c65 2066 6f6e 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 le font.....File\n-00024d40: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00024d50: 6465 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 204e de: grub_cpu, N\n-00024d60: 6578 743a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f ext: grub_platfo\n-00024d70: 726d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 7465 rm, Prev: gfxte\n-00024d80: 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 rm_font, Up: Sp\n-00024d90: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00024da0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00024db0: 312e 3135 2067 7275 625f 6370 750a 2d2d 1.15 grub_cpu.--\n-00024dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00024dd0: 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 In normal mode (\n-00024de0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c *note normal::),\n-00024df0: 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 20e2 GRUB sets the .\n-00024e00: 8098 6772 7562 5f63 7075 e280 9920 7661 ..grub_cpu... va\n-00024e10: 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 4350 riable to.the CP\n-00024e20: 5520 7479 7065 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 U type for which\n-00024e30: 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 7420 GRUB was built \n-00024e40: 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 6933 3836 e280 (e.g. ...i386..\n-00024e50: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 706f 7765 7270 63e2 . or ...powerpc.\n-00024e60: 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ..).....File: gr\n-00024e70: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00024e80: 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 grub_platform, \n-00024e90: 4e65 7874 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 Next: icondir, \n-00024ea0: 5072 6576 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 Prev: grub_cpu, \n-00024eb0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00024ec0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00024ed0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3620 6772 7562 es..15.1.16 grub\n-00024ee0: 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _platform.------\n-00024ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00024f00: 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 .In normal mode \n-00024f10: 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 (*note normal::)\n-00024f20: 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 , GRUB sets the \n-00024f30: e280 9867 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d ...grub_platform\n-00024f40: e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a74 6f20 ... variable.to \n-00024f50: 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 6f72 the platform for\n-00024f60: 2077 6869 6368 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 which GRUB was \n-00024f70: 6275 696c 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 built (e.g. ...\n-00024f80: 7063 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6566 69e2 pc... or ...efi.\n-00024f90: 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ..).....File: gr\n-00024fa0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00024fb0: 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 icondir, Next: \n-00024fc0: 6c61 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 7275 lang, Prev: gru\n-00024fd0: 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2055 703a b_platform, Up:\n-00024fe0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00024ff0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00025000: 3135 2e31 2e31 3720 6963 6f6e 6469 720a 15.1.17 icondir.\n-00025010: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00025020: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n-00025030: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d e is set, it nam\n-00025040: 6573 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2069 es a directory i\n-00025050: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 4752 5542 n which the GRUB\n-00025060: 0a67 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 .graphical menu \n-00025070: 7368 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f 6b20 666f 7220 should look for \n-00025080: 6963 6f6e 7320 6166 7465 7220 6c6f 6f6b icons after look\n-00025090: 696e 6720 696e 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 ing in the theme\n-000250a0: 2773 0ae2 8098 6963 6f6e 73e2 8099 2064 's....icons... d\n-000250b0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 irectory. *Note\n-000250c0: 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d Theme file form\n-000250d0: 6174 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 at::.....File: g\n-000250e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000250f0: 206c 616e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f lang, Next: lo\n-00025100: 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 2050 7265 763a cale_dir, Prev:\n-00025110: 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 2055 703a 2053 icondir, Up: S\n-00025120: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00025130: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00025140: 2e31 2e31 3820 6c61 6e67 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .1.18 lang.-----\n-00025150: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n-00025160: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n-00025170: 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2074 6865 206c , it names the l\n-00025180: 616e 6775 6167 6520 636f 6465 2074 6861 anguage code tha\n-00025190: 7420 7468 6520 e280 9867 6574 7465 7874 t the ...gettext\n-000251a0: e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ....command (*no\n-000251b0: 7465 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 2920 7573 te gettext::) us\n-000251c0: 6573 2074 6f20 7472 616e 736c 6174 6520 es to translate \n-000251d0: 7374 7269 6e67 732e 2020 466f 7220 6578 strings. For ex\n-000251e0: 616d 706c 652c 0a46 7265 6e63 6820 776f ample,.French wo\n-000251f0: 756c 6420 6265 206e 616d 6564 2061 7320 uld be named as \n-00025200: e280 9866 72e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 5369 ...fr..., and Si\n-00025210: 6d70 6c69 6669 6564 2043 6869 6e65 7365 mplified Chinese\n-00025220: 2061 7320 e280 987a 685f 434e e280 992e as ...zh_CN....\n-00025230: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 .. ...grub-mkc\n-00025240: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 onfig... (*note \n-00025250: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n-00025260: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 tion::) will try\n-00025270: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 610a 7265 6173 6f6e to set a.reason\n-00025280: 6162 6c65 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 able default for\n-00025290: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2062 this variable b\n-000252a0: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7379 7374 ased on the syst\n-000252b0: 656d 206c 6f63 616c 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 em locale.....Fi\n-000252c0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000252d0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 Node: locale_dir\n-000252e0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 , Next: lockdow\n-000252f0: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 n, Prev: lang, \n-00025300: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00025310: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00025320: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3920 6c6f 6361 es..15.1.19 loca\n-00025330: 6c65 5f64 6972 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d le_dir.---------\n-00025340: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n-00025350: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n-00025360: 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2074 6865 et, it names the\n-00025370: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 directory where\n-00025380: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c translation fil\n-00025390: 6573 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 666f 756e 6420 es.may be found \n-000253a0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a3a (*note gettext::\n-000253b0: 292c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 ), usually .../b\n-000253c0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 oot/grub/locale.\n-000253d0: 8099 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a ... Otherwise,.\n-000253e0: 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 internationaliza\n-000253f0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6469 7361 626c 6564 tion is disabled\n-00025400: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ... ...grub-mk\n-00025410: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 config... (*note\n-00025420: 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple configur\n-00025430: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 696c 6c20 7365 ation::) will se\n-00025440: 7420 6120 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 0a64 t a reasonable.d\n-00025450: 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 efault for this \n-00025460: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6620 696e 7465 variable if inte\n-00025470: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e rnationalization\n-00025480: 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2061 6e64 2061 is needed and a\n-00025490: 6e79 0a74 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 ny.translation f\n-000254a0: 696c 6573 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 iles are availab\n-000254b0: 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 le.....File: gru\n-000254c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n-000254d0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ockdown, Next: \n-000254e0: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c menu_color_highl\n-000254f0: 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f63 ight, Prev: loc\n-00025500: 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ale_dir, Up: Sp\n-00025510: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00025520: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00025530: 312e 3230 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e0a 2d2d 1.20 lockdown.--\n-00025540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00025550: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n-00025560: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 is set to ...y.\n-00025570: 8099 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 .., it means tha\n-00025580: 7420 4752 5542 2068 6173 2065 6e74 6572 t GRUB has enter\n-00025590: 6564 202a 6e6f 7465 0a4c 6f63 6b64 6f77 ed *note.Lockdow\n-000255a0: 6e3a 3a20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c n:: mode.....Fil\n-000255b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000255c0: 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f ode: menu_color_\n-000255d0: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 4e65 7874 highlight, Next\n-000255e0: 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 : menu_color_nor\n-000255f0: 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 636b mal, Prev: lock\n-00025600: 646f 776e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 down, Up: Speci\n-00025610: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00025620: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 ariables..15.1.2\n-00025630: 3120 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 1 menu_color_hig\n-00025640: 686c 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d hlight.---------\n+00023740: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+00023750: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6175 746f 6d61 riable is automa\n+00023760: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 tically set by G\n+00023770: 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 RUB to the direc\n+00023780: 746f 7279 2070 6172 7420 6f66 0a63 7572 tory part of.cur\n+00023790: 7265 6e74 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 rent configurati\n+000237a0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e on file name (*n\n+000237b0: 6f74 6520 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 653a ote config_file:\n+000237c0: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+000237d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+000237e0: 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 onfig_file, Nex\n+000237f0: 743a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: debug, Prev:\n+00023800: 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 config_director\n+00023810: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 y, Up: Special \n+00023820: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00023830: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3820 636f ables..15.1.8 co\n+00023840: 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nfig_file.------\n+00023850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+00023860: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 is variable is a\n+00023870: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 utomatically set\n+00023880: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 by GRUB to the \n+00023890: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 name of configur\n+000238a0: 6174 696f 6e0a 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 ation.file that \n+000238b0: 6973 2062 6569 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 is being process\n+000238c0: 6564 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 ed by commands .\n+000238d0: 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 ..configfile... \n+000238e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c (*note.configfil\n+000238f0: 653a 3a29 206f 7220 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 e::) or ...norma\n+00023900: 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d l... (*note norm\n+00023910: 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7265 al::). It is re\n+00023920: 7374 6f72 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 7072 stored to the.pr\n+00023930: 6576 696f 7573 2076 616c 7565 2077 6865 evious value whe\n+00023940: 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6c65 n command comple\n+00023950: 7465 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 tes.....File: gr\n+00023960: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00023970: 6465 6275 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 debug, Next: de\n+00023980: 6661 756c 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f fault, Prev: co\n+00023990: 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 nfig_file, Up: \n+000239a0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+000239b0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+000239c0: 352e 312e 3920 6465 6275 670a 2d2d 2d2d 5.1.9 debug.----\n+000239d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n+000239e0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 ariable may be s\n+000239f0: 6574 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2064 6562 et to enable deb\n+00023a00: 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 ugging output fr\n+00023a10: 6f6d 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a63 6f6d 706f om various.compo\n+00023a20: 6e65 6e74 7320 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2054 nents of GRUB. T\n+00023a30: 6865 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 616e 206f he value is an o\n+00023a40: 7264 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 rdered list of d\n+00023a50: 6562 7567 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 ebug facility na\n+00023a60: 6d65 730a 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 mes.separated by\n+00023a70: 2077 6869 7465 7370 6163 6520 6f72 20e2 whitespace or .\n+00023a80: 8098 2ce2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 ..,.... If the \n+00023a90: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6661 6369 6c69 7479 special facility\n+00023aa0: 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 616c 6ce2 8099 named ...all...\n+00023ab0: 2069 730a 7072 6573 656e 7420 7468 656e is.present then\n+00023ac0: 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 debugging outpu\n+00023ad0: 7420 6f66 2061 6c6c 2066 6163 696c 6974 t of all facilit\n+00023ae0: 7920 6e61 6d65 7320 6973 2065 6e61 626c y names is enabl\n+00023af0: 6564 2061 7420 7468 650a 7374 6172 7420 ed at the.start \n+00023b00: 6f66 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e 6720 7468 of processing th\n+00023b10: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 e value of this \n+00023b20: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2e20 2041 2066 6163 variable. A fac\n+00023b30: 696c 6974 7927 7320 6465 6275 670a 6f75 ility's debug.ou\n+00023b40: 7470 7574 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 tput can then be\n+00023b50: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2070 7265 disabled by pre\n+00023b60: 6669 7869 6e67 2069 7473 206e 616d 6520 fixing its name \n+00023b70: 7769 7468 2061 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2e20 with a ...-.... \n+00023b80: 2054 6865 206c 6173 740a 6f63 6375 7265 The last.occure\n+00023b90: 6e63 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d nce facility nam\n+00023ba0: 6520 7769 7468 206f 7220 7769 7468 6f75 e with or withou\n+00023bb0: 7420 6120 6c65 6164 696e 6720 e280 982d t a leading ...-\n+00023bc0: e280 9920 7461 6b65 7320 7072 6563 656e ... takes precen\n+00023bd0: 6465 6e74 0a6f 7665 7220 616e 7920 7072 dent.over any pr\n+00023be0: 6576 696f 7573 206f 6363 7572 656e 6365 evious occurence\n+00023bf0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 . This allows t\n+00023c00: 6865 2065 6173 7920 656e 6162 6c69 6e67 he easy enabling\n+00023c10: 206f 7220 6469 7361 626c 696e 670a 6f66 or disabling.of\n+00023c20: 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 6279 2061 facilities by a\n+00023c30: 7070 656e 6469 6e67 2061 20e2 8098 2ce2 ppending a ...,.\n+00023c40: 8099 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 .. and then the \n+00023c50: 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6520 7769 facility name wi\n+00023c60: 7468 206f 720a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 th or.without th\n+00023c70: 6520 6c65 6164 696e 6720 e280 982d e280 e leading ...-..\n+00023c80: 992c 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 7072 ., which will pr\n+00023c90: 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 7461 7465 eserve the state\n+00023ca0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 7374 206f 660a of the rest of.\n+00023cb0: 7468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 2e20 the facilities. \n+00023cc0: 2054 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 The facility na\n+00023cd0: 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7468 6520 6669 7273 mes are the firs\n+00023ce0: 7420 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2074 6f0a 6772 t argument to.gr\n+00023cf0: 7562 5f64 7072 696e 7466 2e20 2043 6f6e ub_dprintf. Con\n+00023d00: 7375 6c74 2074 6865 2073 6f75 7263 6520 sult the source \n+00023d10: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 for more details\n+00023d20: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00023d30: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6566 info, Node: def\n+00023d40: 6175 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 616c ault, Next: fal\n+00023d50: 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 lback, Prev: de\n+00023d60: 6275 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 bug, Up: Specia\n+00023d70: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00023d80: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3130 riables..15.1.10\n+00023d90: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d default.-------\n+00023da0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 --------..If thi\n+00023db0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 s variable is se\n+00023dc0: 742c 2069 7420 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 t, it identifies\n+00023dd0: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7468 a menu entry th\n+00023de0: 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 0a73 656c at should be.sel\n+00023df0: 6563 7465 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ected by default\n+00023e00: 2c20 706f 7373 6962 6c79 2061 6674 6572 , possibly after\n+00023e10: 2061 2074 696d 656f 7574 2028 2a6e 6f74 a timeout (*not\n+00023e20: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 2e20 2054 e timeout::). T\n+00023e30: 6865 0a65 6e74 7279 206d 6179 2062 6520 he.entry may be \n+00023e40: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 6e75 identified by nu\n+00023e50: 6d62 6572 2028 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 mber (starting f\n+00023e60: 726f 6d20 3020 6174 2065 6163 6820 6c65 rom 0 at each le\n+00023e70: 7665 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 0a68 6965 7261 vel of the.hiera\n+00023e80: 7263 6879 292c 2062 7920 7469 746c 652c rchy), by title,\n+00023e90: 206f 7220 6279 2069 642e 0a0a 2020 2046 or by id... F\n+00023ea0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 or example, if y\n+00023eb0: 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e ou have:..menuen\n+00023ec0: 7472 7920 2745 7861 6d70 6c65 2047 4e55 try 'Example GNU\n+00023ed0: 2f4c 696e 7578 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 /Linux distribut\n+00023ee0: 696f 6e27 202d 2d63 6c61 7373 2067 6e75 ion' --class gnu\n+00023ef0: 2d6c 696e 7578 202d 2d69 6420 6578 616d -linux --id exam\n+00023f00: 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 7b0a ple-gnu-linux {.\n+00023f10: 092e 2e2e 0a7d 0a0a 2020 2074 6865 6e20 .....}.. then \n+00023f20: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 2074 6869 you can make thi\n+00023f30: 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7573 s the default us\n+00023f40: 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 ing:.. defau\n+00023f50: 6c74 3d65 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c lt=example-gnu-l\n+00023f60: 696e 7578 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 inux.. If the \n+00023f70: 656e 7472 7920 6973 2069 6e20 6120 7375 entry is in a su\n+00023f80: 626d 656e 752c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 206d bmenu, then it m\n+00023f90: 7573 7420 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 ust be identifie\n+00023fa0: 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a 6e75 6d62 d using the.numb\n+00023fb0: 6572 2c20 7469 746c 652c 206f 7220 6964 er, title, or id\n+00023fc0: 206f 6620 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 of each of the \n+00023fd0: 7375 626d 656e 7573 2073 7461 7274 696e submenus startin\n+00023fe0: 6720 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6f70 0a6c g from the top.l\n+00023ff0: 6576 656c 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 evel, followed b\n+00024000: 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7469 y the number, ti\n+00024010: 746c 652c 206f 7220 6964 206f 6620 7468 tle, or id of th\n+00024020: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7473 e menu entry its\n+00024030: 656c 662c 0a77 6974 6820 6561 6368 2065 elf,.with each e\n+00024040: 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 lement separated\n+00024050: 2062 7920 e280 983e e280 992e 2020 466f by ...>.... Fo\n+00024060: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 616b 6520 r example, take \n+00024070: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 6d65 the following.me\n+00024080: 6e75 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 3a0a 0a20 nu structure:.. \n+00024090: 2020 2020 474e 552f 4875 7264 202d 2d69 GNU/Hurd --i\n+000240a0: 6420 676e 752d 6875 7264 0a20 2020 2020 d gnu-hurd. \n+000240b0: 2020 5374 616e 6461 7264 2042 6f6f 7420 Standard Boot \n+000240c0: 2d2d 6964 3d67 6e75 2d68 7572 642d 7374 --id=gnu-hurd-st\n+000240d0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2052 6573 6375 6520 d. Rescue \n+000240e0: 7368 656c 6c20 2d2d 6964 3d67 6e75 2d68 shell --id=gnu-h\n+000240f0: 7572 642d 7265 7363 7565 0a20 2020 2020 urd-rescue. \n+00024100: 4f74 6865 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 Other platforms \n+00024110: 2d2d 6964 3d6f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 --id=other. \n+00024120: 2020 4d69 6e69 7820 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e Minix --id=min\n+00024130: 6978 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 ix. Vers\n+00024140: 696f 6e20 332e 342e 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d ion 3.4.0 --id=m\n+00024150: 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 inix-3.4.0. \n+00024160: 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e 332e Version 3.3.\n+00024170: 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e33 0 --id=minix-3.3\n+00024180: 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2049 .0. GRUB I\n+00024190: 6e76 6164 6572 7320 2d2d 6964 3d67 7275 nvaders --id=gru\n+000241a0: 622d 696e 7661 6465 7273 0a0a 2020 2054 b-invaders.. T\n+000241b0: 6865 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6365 6e74 2072 he more recent r\n+000241c0: 656c 6561 7365 206f 6620 4d69 6e69 7820 elease of Minix \n+000241d0: 776f 756c 6420 7468 656e 2062 6520 6964 would then be id\n+000241e0: 656e 7469 6669 6564 2061 7320 e280 984f entified as ...O\n+000241f0: 7468 6572 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3e4d ther.platforms>M\n+00024200: 696e 6978 3e56 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e34 inix>Version 3.4\n+00024210: 2e30 e280 992c 206f 7220 6173 20e2 8098 .0..., or as ...\n+00024220: 313e 303e 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 730a 1>0>0..., or as.\n+00024230: e280 986f 7468 6572 3e6d 696e 6978 3e6d ...other>minix>m\n+00024240: 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 e280 992e 0a0a inix-3.4.0......\n+00024250: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 This variable\n+00024260: 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 is often set by\n+00024270: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 ...GRUB_DEFAULT\n+00024280: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c ... (*note Simpl\n+00024290: 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e.configuration:\n+000242a0: 3a29 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d :), ...grub-set-\n+000242b0: 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 default..., or .\n+000242c0: 8098 6772 7562 2d72 6562 6f6f 74e2 8099 ..grub-reboot...\n+000242d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000242e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 616c info, Node: fal\n+000242f0: 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 lback, Next: gf\n+00024300: 786d 6f64 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 xmode, Prev: de\n+00024310: 6661 756c 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 fault, Up: Spec\n+00024320: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00024330: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00024340: 3131 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 11 fallback.----\n+00024350: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n+00024360: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n+00024370: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6964 656e 7469 s set, it identi\n+00024380: 6669 6573 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 fies a menu entr\n+00024390: 7920 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 y that should be\n+000243a0: 0a73 656c 6563 7465 6420 6966 2074 6865 .selected if the\n+000243b0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e default menu en\n+000243c0: 7472 7920 6661 696c 7320 746f 2062 6f6f try fails to boo\n+000243d0: 742e 2020 456e 7472 6965 7320 6172 650a t. Entries are.\n+000243e0: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 identified in th\n+000243f0: 6520 7361 6d65 2077 6179 2061 7320 666f e same way as fo\n+00024400: 7220 e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 r ...default... \n+00024410: 282a 6e6f 7465 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a (*note default::\n+00024420: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00024430: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 .info, Node: gf\n+00024440: 786d 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 xmode, Next: gf\n+00024450: 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 2050 7265 763a xpayload, Prev:\n+00024460: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 fallback, Up: \n+00024470: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00024480: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00024490: 352e 312e 3132 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 0a2d 5.1.12 gfxmode.-\n+000244a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+000244b0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n+000244c0: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 7365 7473 is set, it sets\n+000244d0: 2074 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 the resolution \n+000244e0: 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 used on the ...g\n+000244f0: 6678 7465 726d e280 990a 6772 6170 6869 fxterm....graphi\n+00024500: 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204e cal terminal. N\n+00024510: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e ote that you can\n+00024520: 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6520 6d6f 6465 7320 only use modes \n+00024530: 7768 6963 6820 796f 7572 0a67 7261 7068 which your.graph\n+00024540: 6963 7320 6361 7264 2073 7570 706f 7274 ics card support\n+00024550: 7320 7669 6120 5645 5341 2042 494f 5320 s via VESA BIOS \n+00024560: 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2028 5642 4529 Extensions (VBE)\n+00024570: 2c20 736f 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 , so for example\n+00024580: 0a6e 6174 6976 6520 4c43 4420 7061 6e65 .native LCD pane\n+00024590: 6c20 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 l resolutions ma\n+000245a0: 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 y not be availab\n+000245b0: 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 le. The default\n+000245c0: 2069 730a e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2c20 is....auto..., \n+000245d0: 7768 6963 6820 7365 6c65 6374 7320 6120 which selects a \n+000245e0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 platform-specifi\n+000245f0: 6320 6465 6661 756c 7420 7468 6174 2073 c default that s\n+00024600: 686f 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b 0a72 6561 736f hould look.reaso\n+00024610: 6e61 626c 652e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 nable. Supporte\n+00024620: 6420 6d6f 6465 7320 6361 6e20 6265 206c d modes can be l\n+00024630: 6973 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 7669 6465 isted by ...vide\n+00024640: 6f69 6e66 6fe2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 oinfo... command\n+00024650: 2069 6e0a 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 in.GRUB... Th\n+00024660: 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 e resolution may\n+00024670: 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 be specified as\n+00024680: 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 206f a sequence of o\n+00024690: 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 206d 6f64 6573 ne or more modes\n+000246a0: 2c0a 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2063 ,.separated by c\n+000246b0: 6f6d 6d61 7320 28e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2920 ommas (...,...) \n+000246c0: 6f72 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 7320 28e2 or semicolons (.\n+000246d0: 8098 3be2 8099 293b 2065 6163 6820 7769 ..;...); each wi\n+000246e0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6965 6420 696e 0a74 ll be tried in.t\n+000246f0: 7572 6e20 756e 7469 6c20 6f6e 6520 6973 urn until one is\n+00024700: 2066 6f75 6e64 2e20 2045 6163 6820 6d6f found. Each mo\n+00024710: 6465 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2065 6974 de should be eit\n+00024720: 6865 7220 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2c0a her ...auto...,.\n+00024730: e280 9857 4944 5448 7848 4549 4748 54e2 ...WIDTHxHEIGHT.\n+00024740: 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 5749 4454 4878 .., or ...WIDTHx\n+00024750: 4845 4947 4854 7844 4550 5448 e280 992e HEIGHTxDEPTH....\n+00024760: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00024770: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7870 nfo, Node: gfxp\n+00024780: 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 ayload, Next: g\n+00024790: 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 fxterm_font, Pr\n+000247a0: 6576 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 5570 ev: gfxmode, Up\n+000247b0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+000247c0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+000247d0: 0a31 352e 312e 3133 2067 6678 7061 796c .15.1.13 gfxpayl\n+000247e0: 6f61 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oad.------------\n+000247f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n+00024800: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c variable is set,\n+00024810: 2069 7420 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 2074 6865 it controls the\n+00024820: 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6520 696e 2077 video mode in w\n+00024830: 6869 6368 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0a6b hich the Linux.k\n+00024840: 6572 6e65 6c20 7374 6172 7473 2075 702c ernel starts up,\n+00024850: 2072 6570 6c61 6369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 replacing the .\n+00024860: 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 626f 6f74 206f ..vga=... boot o\n+00024870: 7074 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e ption (*note lin\n+00024880: 7578 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 0a6d 6179 2062 ux::). It.may b\n+00024890: 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e set to ...text\n+000248a0: e280 9920 746f 2066 6f72 6365 2074 6865 ... to force the\n+000248b0: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 746f Linux kernel to\n+000248c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 boot in normal \n+000248d0: 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 text.mode, ...ke\n+000248e0: 6570 e280 9920 746f 2070 7265 7365 7276 ep... to preserv\n+000248f0: 6520 7468 6520 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d e the graphics m\n+00024900: 6f64 6520 7365 7420 7573 696e 6720 e280 ode set using ..\n+00024910: 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 992c 206f 7220 .gfxmode..., or \n+00024920: 616e 790a 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6572 6d69 any.of the permi\n+00024930: 7474 6564 2076 616c 7565 7320 666f 7220 tted values for \n+00024940: e280 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 746f ...gfxmode... to\n+00024950: 2073 6574 2061 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 set a particula\n+00024960: 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 650a r graphics mode.\n+00024970: 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a (*note gfxmode::\n+00024980: 292e 0a0a 2020 2044 6570 656e 6469 6e67 )... Depending\n+00024990: 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c on your kernel,\n+000249a0: 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 your distributi\n+000249b0: 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 on, your graphic\n+000249c0: 7320 6361 7264 2c20 616e 640a 7468 6520 s card, and.the \n+000249d0: 7068 6173 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d 6f6f phase of the moo\n+000249e0: 6e2c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2075 7369 n, note that usi\n+000249f0: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d ng this option m\n+00024a00: 6179 2063 6175 7365 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e ay cause GNU/Lin\n+00024a10: 7578 0a74 6f20 7375 6666 6572 2066 726f ux.to suffer fro\n+00024a20: 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6469 7370 6c61 m various displa\n+00024a30: 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 y problems, part\n+00024a40: 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2064 7572 696e 6720 icularly during \n+00024a50: 7468 6520 6561 726c 790a 7061 7274 206f the early.part o\n+00024a60: 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6571 7565 f the boot seque\n+00024a70: 6e63 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 nce. If you hav\n+00024a80: 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7365 7420 e problems, set \n+00024a90: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f this variable to\n+00024aa0: 0ae2 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 ....text... and \n+00024ab0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c GRUB will tell L\n+00024ac0: 696e 7578 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 inux to boot in \n+00024ad0: 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 7420 6d6f 6465 normal text mode\n+00024ae0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c ... The defaul\n+00024af0: 7420 6973 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 t is platform-sp\n+00024b00: 6563 6966 6963 2e20 204f 6e20 706c 6174 ecific. On plat\n+00024b10: 666f 726d 7320 7769 7468 2061 206e 6174 forms with a nat\n+00024b20: 6976 6520 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 6520 2873 ive text.mode (s\n+00024b30: 7563 6820 6173 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 uch as PC BIOS p\n+00024b40: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 292c 2074 6865 2064 latforms), the d\n+00024b50: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9874 6578 efault is ...tex\n+00024b60: 74e2 8099 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 t.... Otherwise\n+00024b70: 2074 6865 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 206d 6179 the.default may\n+00024b80: 2062 6520 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 206f be ...auto... o\n+00024b90: 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 2076 6964 r a specific vid\n+00024ba0: 656f 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 eo mode... Thi\n+00024bb0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 s variable is of\n+00024bc0: 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 ten set by ...GR\n+00024bd0: 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c 4f41 445f 4c49 UB_GFXPAYLOAD_LI\n+00024be0: 4e55 58e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 NUX... (*note Si\n+00024bf0: 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple.configurati\n+00024c00: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 on::).....File: \n+00024c10: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00024c20: 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 : gfxterm_font, \n+00024c30: 204e 6578 743a 2067 7275 625f 6370 752c Next: grub_cpu,\n+00024c40: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f Prev: gfxpaylo\n+00024c50: 6164 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ad, Up: Special\n+00024c60: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00024c70: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3420 iables..15.1.14 \n+00024c80: 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d gfxterm_font.---\n+00024c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00024ca0: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n+00024cb0: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e ble is set, it n\n+00024cc0: 616d 6573 2061 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 ames a font to u\n+00024cd0: 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 se for text on t\n+00024ce0: 6865 0ae2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 he....gfxterm...\n+00024cf0: 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 graphical termi\n+00024d00: 6e61 6c2e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c nal. Otherwise,\n+00024d10: 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 206d ...gfxterm... m\n+00024d20: 6179 2075 7365 2061 6e79 0a61 7661 696c ay use any.avail\n+00024d30: 6162 6c65 2066 6f6e 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 able font.....Fi\n+00024d40: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00024d50: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 Node: grub_cpu, \n+00024d60: 204e 6578 743a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 Next: grub_plat\n+00024d70: 666f 726d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 form, Prev: gfx\n+00024d80: 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 term_font, Up: \n+00024d90: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00024da0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00024db0: 352e 312e 3135 2067 7275 625f 6370 750a 5.1.15 grub_cpu.\n+00024dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00024dd0: 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 ..In normal mode\n+00024de0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a (*note normal::\n+00024df0: 292c 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 ), GRUB sets the\n+00024e00: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 5f63 7075 e280 9920 ...grub_cpu... \n+00024e10: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 variable to.the \n+00024e20: 4350 5520 7479 7065 2066 6f72 2077 6869 CPU type for whi\n+00024e30: 6368 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c ch GRUB was buil\n+00024e40: 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 6933 3836 t (e.g. ...i386\n+00024e50: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 706f 7765 7270 ... or ...powerp\n+00024e60: 63e2 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 c...).....File: \n+00024e70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00024e80: 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c : grub_platform,\n+00024e90: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c Next: icondir,\n+00024ea0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 Prev: grub_cpu\n+00024eb0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00024ec0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00024ed0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3620 6772 bles..15.1.16 gr\n+00024ee0: 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d ub_platform.----\n+00024ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00024f00: 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 -..In normal mod\n+00024f10: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a e (*note normal:\n+00024f20: 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 :), GRUB sets th\n+00024f30: 6520 e280 9867 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f e ...grub_platfo\n+00024f40: 726d e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a74 rm... variable.t\n+00024f50: 6f20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 o the platform f\n+00024f60: 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 5255 4220 7761 or which GRUB wa\n+00024f70: 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 s built (e.g. .\n+00024f80: 8098 7063 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6566 ..pc... or ...ef\n+00024f90: 69e2 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 i...).....File: \n+00024fa0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00024fb0: 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 4e65 7874 : icondir, Next\n+00024fc0: 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 : lang, Prev: g\n+00024fd0: 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2055 rub_platform, U\n+00024fe0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00024ff0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00025000: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3720 6963 6f6e 6469 ..15.1.17 icondi\n+00025010: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r.--------------\n+00025020: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n+00025030: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e ble is set, it n\n+00025040: 616d 6573 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 ames a directory\n+00025050: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 4752 in which the GR\n+00025060: 5542 0a67 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e UB.graphical men\n+00025070: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f 6b20 666f u should look fo\n+00025080: 7220 6963 6f6e 7320 6166 7465 7220 6c6f r icons after lo\n+00025090: 6f6b 696e 6720 696e 2074 6865 2074 6865 oking in the the\n+000250a0: 6d65 2773 0ae2 8098 6963 6f6e 73e2 8099 me's....icons...\n+000250b0: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e20 202a 4e6f directory. *No\n+000250c0: 7465 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f te Theme file fo\n+000250d0: 726d 6174 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a rmat::.....File:\n+000250e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000250f0: 653a 206c 616e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: lang, Next: \n+00025100: 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 2050 7265 locale_dir, Pre\n+00025110: 763a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 2055 703a v: icondir, Up:\n+00025120: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00025130: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00025140: 3135 2e31 2e31 3820 6c61 6e67 0a2d 2d2d 15.1.18 lang.---\n+00025150: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n+00025160: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n+00025170: 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2074 6865 et, it names the\n+00025180: 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 636f 6465 2074 language code t\n+00025190: 6861 7420 7468 6520 e280 9867 6574 7465 hat the ...gette\n+000251a0: 7874 e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a xt....command (*\n+000251b0: 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 2920 note gettext::) \n+000251c0: 7573 6573 2074 6f20 7472 616e 736c 6174 uses to translat\n+000251d0: 6520 7374 7269 6e67 732e 2020 466f 7220 e strings. For \n+000251e0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a46 7265 6e63 6820 example,.French \n+000251f0: 776f 756c 6420 6265 206e 616d 6564 2061 would be named a\n+00025200: 7320 e280 9866 72e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 s ...fr..., and \n+00025210: 5369 6d70 6c69 6669 6564 2043 6869 6e65 Simplified Chine\n+00025220: 7365 2061 7320 e280 987a 685f 434e e280 se as ...zh_CN..\n+00025230: 992e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d .... ...grub-m\n+00025240: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 kconfig... (*not\n+00025250: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple configu\n+00025260: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 6c6c 2074 ration::) will t\n+00025270: 7279 2074 6f20 7365 7420 610a 7265 6173 ry to set a.reas\n+00025280: 6f6e 6162 6c65 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2066 onable default f\n+00025290: 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 or this variable\n+000252a0: 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7379 based on the sy\n+000252b0: 7374 656d 206c 6f63 616c 652e 0a0a 1f0a stem locale.....\n+000252c0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000252d0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 Node: locale_d\n+000252e0: 6972 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f63 6b64 ir, Next: lockd\n+000252f0: 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c61 6e67 own, Prev: lang\n+00025300: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00025310: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00025320: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3920 6c6f bles..15.1.19 lo\n+00025330: 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cale_dir.-------\n+00025340: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n+00025350: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n+00025360: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2074 set, it names t\n+00025370: 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 he directory whe\n+00025380: 7265 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 re translation f\n+00025390: 696c 6573 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 666f 756e iles.may be foun\n+000253a0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 7465 7874 d (*note gettext\n+000253b0: 3a3a 292c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 ::), usually ...\n+000253c0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c /boot/grub/local\n+000253d0: 65e2 8099 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 e.... Otherwise\n+000253e0: 2c0a 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 ,.internationali\n+000253f0: 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6469 7361 626c zation is disabl\n+00025400: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d ed... ...grub-\n+00025410: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f mkconfig... (*no\n+00025420: 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple config\n+00025430: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 696c 6c20 uration::) will \n+00025440: 7365 7420 6120 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 set a reasonable\n+00025450: 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 .default for thi\n+00025460: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6620 696e s variable if in\n+00025470: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 ternationalizati\n+00025480: 6f6e 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2061 6e64 on is needed and\n+00025490: 2061 6e79 0a74 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e any.translation\n+000254a0: 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c files are avail\n+000254b0: 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 able.....File: g\n+000254c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000254d0: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 lockdown, Next\n+000254e0: 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 : menu_color_hig\n+000254f0: 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c hlight, Prev: l\n+00025500: 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 5570 3a20 ocale_dir, Up: \n+00025510: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00025520: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00025530: 352e 312e 3230 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e0a 5.1.20 lockdown.\n+00025540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025550: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n+00025560: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 le is set to ...\n+00025570: 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 y..., it means t\n+00025580: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2068 6173 2065 6e74 hat GRUB has ent\n+00025590: 6572 6564 202a 6e6f 7465 0a4c 6f63 6b64 ered *note.Lockd\n+000255a0: 6f77 6e3a 3a20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 own:: mode.....F\n+000255b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000255c0: 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f Node: menu_colo\n+000255d0: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 4e65 r_highlight, Ne\n+000255e0: 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e xt: menu_color_n\n+000255f0: 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f ormal, Prev: lo\n+00025600: 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 ckdown, Up: Spe\n+00025610: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00025620: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00025630: 2e32 3120 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 .21 menu_color_h\n+00025640: 6967 686c 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ighlight.-------\n 00025650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025660: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ---..This variab\n-00025670: 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 le contains the \n-00025680: 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 foreground and b\n-00025690: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7273 ackground colors\n-000256a0: 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 640a 666f 7220 to be used.for \n-000256b0: 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 the highlighted \n-000256c0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7365 7061 menu entry, sepa\n-000256d0: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 rated by a slash\n-000256e0: 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 (.../...). Set\n-000256f0: 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ting.this variab\n-00025700: 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 le changes those\n-00025710: 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 colors. For th\n-00025720: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f e available colo\n-00025730: 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 r names,.*note c\n-00025740: 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a olor_normal::...\n-00025750: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n-00025760: 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 s the value of .\n-00025770: 8098 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 ..color_highligh\n-00025780: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f t... (*note.colo\n-00025790: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 743a 3a29 2e0a r_highlight::)..\n-000257a0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000257b0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f fo, Node: menu_\n-000257c0: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e color_normal, N\n-000257d0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__boot_file, \n-000257f0: 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f Prev: menu_colo\n-00025800: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5570 r_highlight, Up\n-00025810: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00025820: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00025830: 0a31 352e 312e 3232 206d 656e 755f 636f .15.1.22 menu_co\n-00025840: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d lor_normal.-----\n+00025660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n+00025670: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 able contains th\n+00025680: 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 e foreground and\n+00025690: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f background colo\n+000256a0: 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 640a 666f rs to be used.fo\n+000256b0: 7220 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 r the highlighte\n+000256c0: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7365 d menu entry, se\n+000256d0: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 parated by a sla\n+000256e0: 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 sh (.../...). S\n+000256f0: 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 7320 7661 7269 etting.this vari\n+00025700: 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f able changes tho\n+00025710: 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 se colors. For \n+00025720: 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f the available co\n+00025730: 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 lor names,.*note\n+00025740: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e color_normal::.\n+00025750: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 .. The default\n+00025760: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 is the value of\n+00025770: 20e2 8098 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 ...color_highli\n+00025780: 6768 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f ght... (*note.co\n+00025790: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 743a 3a29 lor_highlight::)\n+000257a0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000257b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e info, Node: men\n+000257c0: 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 u_color_normal, \n+000257d0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__boot_file\n+000257f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f , Prev: menu_co\n+00025800: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 lor_highlight, \n+00025810: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00025820: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00025830: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3232 206d 656e 755f s..15.1.22 menu_\n+00025840: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d color_normal.---\n 00025850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025860: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n-00025870: 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 ble contains the\n-00025880: 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 foreground and \n-00025890: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 background color\n-000258a0: 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 s to be used.for\n-000258b0: 206e 6f6e 2d68 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 non-highlighted\n-000258c0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c 2073 menu entries, s\n-000258d0: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c eparated by a sl\n-000258e0: 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 ash (.../...). \n-000258f0: 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6973 2076 6172 Setting.this var\n-00025900: 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 iable changes th\n-00025910: 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 ose colors. For\n-00025920: 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 the available c\n-00025930: 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 olor names,.*not\n-00025940: 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a e color_normal::\n-00025950: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c ... The defaul\n-00025960: 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f t is the value o\n-00025970: 6620 e280 9863 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 f ...color_norma\n-00025980: 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f l... (*note colo\n-00025990: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a r_normal::).....\n-000259a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000259b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__boot_fil\n-000259d0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 e, Next: net__client\n-000259f0: 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e 755f id, Prev: menu_\n-00025a00: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 color_normal, U\n-00025a10: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00025a20: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00025a30: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.23 net__boot_f\n-00025a50: 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ile.------------\n+00025860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n+00025870: 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 iable contains t\n+00025880: 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e he foreground an\n+00025890: 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c d background col\n+000258a0: 6f72 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 0a66 ors to be used.f\n+000258b0: 6f72 206e 6f6e 2d68 6967 686c 6967 6874 or non-highlight\n+000258c0: 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c ed menu entries,\n+000258d0: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 separated by a \n+000258e0: 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e slash (.../...).\n+000258f0: 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6973 2076 Setting.this v\n+00025900: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 ariable changes \n+00025910: 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 those colors. F\n+00025920: 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 or the available\n+00025930: 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c0a 2a6e color names,.*n\n+00025940: 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c ote color_normal\n+00025950: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ::... The defa\n+00025960: 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ult is the value\n+00025970: 206f 6620 e280 9863 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 of ...color_nor\n+00025980: 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f mal... (*note co\n+00025990: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 0a0a lor_normal::)...\n+000259a0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000259b0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__boot_f\n+000259d0: 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ile, Next: net_\n+000259e0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n+000259f0: 6e74 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e ntid, Prev: men\n+00025a00: 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 u_color_normal, \n+00025a10: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00025a20: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00025a30: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3320 6e65 745f es..15.1.23 net_\n+00025a40: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f 6f74 _boot\n+00025a50: 5f66 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _file.----------\n 00025a60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n-00025a80: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n-00025a90: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00025aa0: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__clientid, Ne\n-00025ac0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 xt: net__clientuuid, \n-00025ae0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__boot_file\n-00025b00: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00025b10: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00025b20: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3420 6e65 bles..15.1.24 ne\n-00025b30: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c t__cl\n-00025b40: 6965 6e74 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ientid.---------\n+00025a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n+00025a80: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n+00025a90: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00025aa0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__clientid, \n+00025ac0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Next: net__clientuuid\n+00025ae0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__boot_fi\n+00025b00: 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c le, Up: Special\n+00025b10: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00025b20: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3420 iables..15.1.24 \n+00025b30: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025b40: 636c 6965 6e74 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d clientid.-------\n 00025b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025b60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n-00025b70: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-00025b80: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00025b90: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__clientuuid,\n-00025bb0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__dhcp_ser\n-00025bd0: 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a ver_name, Prev:\n-00025be0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025bf0: 5f63 6c69 656e 7469 642c 2020 5570 3a20 _clientid, Up: \n-00025c00: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00025c10: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00025c20: 352e 312e 3235 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.25 net__clientuui\n-00025c40: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n+00025b60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+00025b70: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+00025b80: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00025b90: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__clientuui\n+00025bb0: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 d, Next: net__dhcp_s\n+00025bd0: 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 erver_name, Pre\n+00025be0: 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 v: net__clientid, Up\n+00025c00: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00025c10: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00025c20: 0a31 352e 312e 3235 206e 6574 5f3c 494e .15.1.25 net__clientu\n+00025c40: 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d uid.------------\n 00025c50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025c60: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n-00025c70: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n-00025c80: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00025c90: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__dhcp_server_na\n-00025cb0: 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c me, Next: net_<\n-00025cc0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d 6169 INTERFACE>_domai\n-00025cd0: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 n, Prev: net__client\n-00025cf0: 7575 6964 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 uuid, Up: Speci\n-00025d00: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00025d10: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 ariables..15.1.2\n-00025d20: 3620 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 6 net__dhcp_server_na\n-00025d40: 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d me.-------------\n+00025c60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n+00025c70: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n+00025c80: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00025c90: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__dhcp_server_\n+00025cb0: 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 name, Next: net\n+00025cc0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d __dom\n+00025cd0: 6169 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ain, Prev: net_\n+00025ce0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n+00025cf0: 6e74 7575 6964 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 ntuuid, Up: Spe\n+00025d00: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00025d10: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00025d20: 2e32 3620 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .26 net__dhcp_server_\n+00025d40: 6e61 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d name.-----------\n 00025d50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-00025d70: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-00025d80: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00025d90: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__domain,\n-00025db0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__extensio\n-00025dd0: 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e nspath, Prev: n\n-00025de0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n-00025df0: 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c hcp_server_name,\n-00025e00: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00025e10: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00025e20: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3237 206e 6574 les..15.1.27 net\n-00025e30: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d __dom\n-00025e40: 6169 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ain.------------\n+00025d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n+00025d70: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+00025d80: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00025d90: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n+00025da0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d 6169 INTERFACE>_domai\n+00025db0: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 n, Next: net__extens\n+00025dd0: 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a ionspath, Prev:\n+00025de0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025df0: 5f64 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d _dhcp_server_nam\n+00025e00: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 e, Up: Special \n+00025e10: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00025e20: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3237 206e ables..15.1.27 n\n+00025e30: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+00025e40: 6f6d 6169 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d omain.----------\n 00025e50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025e60: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-00025e70: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-00025e80: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00025e90: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00025ea0: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 extensionspath, \n-00025eb0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__hostname,\n-00025ed0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__domain, \n-00025ef0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00025f00: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00025f10: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3820 6e65 745f es..15.1.28 net_\n-00025f20: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 7465 _exte\n-00025f30: 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d nsionspath.-----\n+00025e60: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+00025e70: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+00025e80: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00025e90: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__extensionspath\n+00025eb0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__hostnam\n+00025ed0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 e, Prev: net__domain\n+00025ef0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00025f00: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00025f10: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3820 6e65 bles..15.1.28 ne\n+00025f20: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 t__ex\n+00025f30: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d tensionspath.---\n 00025f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00025f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025f60: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00025f70: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00025f80: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-00025f90: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n-00025fa0: 6f73 746e 616d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ostname, Next: \n-00025fb0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00025fc0: 6970 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c ip, Prev: net_<\n-00025fd0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 656e INTERFACE>_exten\n-00025fe0: 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 sionspath, Up: \n-00025ff0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00026000: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00026010: 352e 312e 3239 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.29 net__hostname.\n-00026030: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025f60: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+00025f70: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+00025f80: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00025f90: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025fa0: 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 _hostname, Next\n+00025fb0: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__ip, Prev: net\n+00025fd0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 __ext\n+00025fe0: 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 5570 ensionspath, Up\n+00025ff0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00026000: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00026010: 0a31 352e 312e 3239 206e 6574 5f3c 494e .15.1.29 net__hostnam\n+00026030: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n 00026040: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026050: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n-00026060: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00026070: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-00026080: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 t__ip\n-00026090: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__mac, P\n-000260b0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 rev: net__hostname, \n-000260d0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-000260e0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-000260f0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3330 206e 6574 5f3c s..15.1.30 net_<\n-00026100: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 700a 2d2d INTERFACE>_ip.--\n+00026050: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n+00026060: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n+00026070: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00026080: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00026090: 6970 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c ip, Next: net_<\n+000260a0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 2c20 INTERFACE>_mac, \n+000260b0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__hostname,\n+000260d0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+000260e0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+000260f0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3330 206e 6574 les..15.1.30 net\n+00026100: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 700a __ip.\n 00026110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026120: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00026130: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00026140: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00026150: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__mac, Next\n-00026170: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__next_server, \n-00026190: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__ip, Up: S\n-000261b0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-000261c0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-000261d0: 2e31 2e33 3120 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 .1.31 net__mac.------\n+00026120: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00026130: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+00026140: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00026150: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__mac, Ne\n+00026170: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 xt: net__next_server,\n+00026190: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__ip, Up:\n+000261b0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+000261c0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+000261d0: 3135 2e31 2e33 3120 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 15.1.31 net__mac.----\n 000261f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026200: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n-00026210: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n-00026220: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00026230: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__next_server, \n-00026250: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__rootpath,\n-00026270: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__mac, Up\n-00026290: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-000262a0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-000262b0: 0a31 352e 312e 3332 206e 6574 5f3c 494e .15.1.32 net__next_se\n-000262d0: 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rver.-----------\n+00026200: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n+00026210: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n+00026220: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00026230: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__next_server\n+00026250: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__rootpat\n+00026270: 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 h, Prev: net__mac, \n+00026290: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+000262a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+000262b0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3332 206e 6574 5f3c s..15.1.32 net_<\n+000262c0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 745f INTERFACE>_next_\n+000262d0: 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d server.---------\n 000262e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000262f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00026300: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00026310: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00026320: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__rootpath, \n-00026340: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 Next: net_defau\n-00026350: 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2050 lt_interface, P\n-00026360: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 rev: net__next_server\n-00026380: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00026390: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000263a0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3320 6e65 bles..15.1.33 ne\n-000263b0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f t__ro\n-000263c0: 6f74 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d otpath.---------\n+000262f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00026300: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+00026310: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00026320: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__rootpath\n+00026340: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Next: net_def\n+00026350: 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 ault_interface, \n+00026360: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__next_serv\n+00026380: 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c er, Up: Special\n+00026390: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000263a0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3320 iables..15.1.33 \n+000263b0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+000263c0: 726f 6f74 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rootpath.-------\n 000263d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000263e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n-000263f0: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-00026400: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00026410: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ode: net_default\n-00026420: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 _interface, Nex\n-00026430: 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 t: net_default_i\n-00026440: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 p, Prev: net__rootpa\n-00026460: 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c th, Up: Special\n-00026470: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00026480: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3420 iables..15.1.34 \n-00026490: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 net_default_inte\n-000264a0: 7266 6163 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rface.----------\n+000263e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+000263f0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+00026400: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00026410: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 Node: net_defau\n+00026420: 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e lt_interface, N\n+00026430: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ext: net_default\n+00026440: 5f69 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f _ip, Prev: net_\n+00026450: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f 6f74 _root\n+00026460: 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 path, Up: Speci\n+00026470: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00026480: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n+00026490: 3420 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 4 net_default_in\n+000264a0: 7465 7266 6163 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d terface.--------\n 000264b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000264c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n-000264d0: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n-000264e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000264f0: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c net_default_ip,\n-00026500: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Next: net_defa\n-00026510: 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ult_mac, Prev: \n-00026520: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 net_default_inte\n-00026530: 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 rface, Up: Spec\n-00026540: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00026550: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00026560: 3335 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 35 net_default_i\n-00026570: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n-00026580: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00026590: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-000265a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000265b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Node: net_defaul\n-000265c0: 745f 6d61 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 t_mac, Next: ne\n-000265d0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 t_default_server\n-000265e0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Prev: net_def\n-000265f0: 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ault_ip, Up: Sp\n-00026600: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00026610: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00026620: 312e 3336 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 1.36 net_default\n-00026630: 5f6d 6163 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _mac.-----------\n-00026640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-00026650: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00026660: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00026670: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 o, Node: net_de\n-00026680: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e fault_server, N\n-00026690: 6578 743a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 2050 7265 ext: pager, Pre\n-000266a0: 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d v: net_default_m\n-000266b0: 6163 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ac, Up: Special\n-000266c0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-000266d0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3720 iables..15.1.37 \n-000266e0: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 net_default_serv\n-000266f0: 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d er.-------------\n-00026700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-00026710: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-00026720: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00026730: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6167 6572 fo, Node: pager\n-00026740: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7265 6669 782c , Next: prefix,\n-00026750: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Prev: net_defa\n-00026760: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a ult_server, Up:\n-00026770: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00026780: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00026790: 3135 2e31 2e33 3820 7061 6765 720a 2d2d 15.1.38 pager.--\n-000267a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n-000267b0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2c20 set to ...1..., \n-000267c0: 7061 7573 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2061 6674 pause output aft\n-000267d0: 6572 2065 6163 6820 7363 7265 656e 6675 er each screenfu\n-000267e0: 6c20 616e 6420 7761 6974 2066 6f72 206b l and wait for k\n-000267f0: 6579 626f 6172 640a 696e 7075 742e 2020 eyboard.input. \n-00026800: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e The default is n\n-00026810: 6f74 2074 6f20 7061 7573 6520 6f75 7470 ot to pause outp\n-00026820: 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ut.....File: gru\n-00026830: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 b.info, Node: p\n-00026840: 7265 6669 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 refix, Next: px\n-00026850: 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 5072 6576 e_blksize, Prev\n-00026860: 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 : pager, Up: Sp\n-00026870: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00026880: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00026890: 312e 3339 2070 7265 6669 780a 2d2d 2d2d 1.39 prefix.----\n-000268a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 ----------..The \n-000268b0: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 location of the \n-000268c0: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 .../boot/grub...\n-000268d0: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 616e directory as an\n-000268e0: 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e absolute file n\n-000268f0: 616d 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 ame.(*note File \n-00026900: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 name syntax::). \n-00026910: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c This is normall\n-00026920: 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 y set by GRUB at\n-00026930: 2073 7461 7274 7570 0a62 6173 6564 206f startup.based o\n-00026940: 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7072 n information pr\n-00026950: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 ovided by ...gru\n-00026960: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2e20 2047 b-install.... G\n-00026970: 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6172 650a RUB modules are.\n-00026980: 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 dynamically load\n-00026990: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 2064 6972 ed from this dir\n-000269a0: 6563 746f 7279 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d75 ectory, so it mu\n-000269b0: 7374 2062 6520 7365 7420 636f 7272 6563 st be set correc\n-000269c0: 746c 7920 696e 0a6f 7264 6572 2066 6f72 tly in.order for\n-000269d0: 206d 616e 7920 7061 7274 7320 6f66 2047 many parts of G\n-000269e0: 5255 4220 746f 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a RUB to work.....\n-000269f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00026a00: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 Node: pxe_blks\n-00026a10: 697a 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f ize, Next: pxe_\n-00026a20: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c default_gateway,\n-00026a30: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7072 6566 6978 2c20 Prev: prefix, \n-00026a40: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00026a50: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00026a60: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3020 7078 655f es..15.1.40 pxe_\n-00026a70: 626c 6b73 697a 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d blksize.--------\n-00026a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-00026a90: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-00026aa0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00026ab0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 , Node: pxe_def\n-00026ac0: 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 204e ault_gateway, N\n-00026ad0: 6578 743a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ext: pxe_default\n-00026ae0: 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _server, Prev: \n-00026af0: 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 5570 pxe_blksize, Up\n-00026b00: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00026b10: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00026b20: 0a31 352e 312e 3431 2070 7865 5f64 6566 .15.1.41 pxe_def\n-00026b30: 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 0a2d 2d2d ault_gateway.---\n+000264c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+000264d0: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+000264e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000264f0: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 e: net_default_i\n+00026500: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 p, Next: net_de\n+00026510: 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 5072 6576 fault_mac, Prev\n+00026520: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e : net_default_in\n+00026530: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 terface, Up: Sp\n+00026540: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00026550: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00026560: 312e 3335 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 1.35 net_default\n+00026570: 5f69 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _ip.------------\n+00026580: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00026590: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+000265a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000265b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Node: net_defa\n+000265c0: 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ult_mac, Next: \n+000265d0: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 net_default_serv\n+000265e0: 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 er, Prev: net_d\n+000265f0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 5570 3a20 efault_ip, Up: \n+00026600: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00026610: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00026620: 352e 312e 3336 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 5.1.36 net_defau\n+00026630: 6c74 5f6d 6163 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lt_mac.---------\n+00026640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00026650: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n+00026660: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00026670: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+00026680: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 default_server, \n+00026690: 204e 6578 743a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 2050 Next: pager, P\n+000266a0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 rev: net_default\n+000266b0: 5f6d 6163 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 _mac, Up: Speci\n+000266c0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+000266d0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n+000266e0: 3720 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7 net_default_se\n+000266f0: 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rver.-----------\n+00026700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00026710: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00026720: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00026730: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6167 info, Node: pag\n+00026740: 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7265 6669 er, Next: prefi\n+00026750: 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 x, Prev: net_de\n+00026760: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 fault_server, U\n+00026770: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00026780: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00026790: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3820 7061 6765 720a ..15.1.38 pager.\n+000267a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n+000267b0: 6620 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 f set to ...1...\n+000267c0: 2c20 7061 7573 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2061 , pause output a\n+000267d0: 6674 6572 2065 6163 6820 7363 7265 656e fter each screen\n+000267e0: 6675 6c20 616e 6420 7761 6974 2066 6f72 ful and wait for\n+000267f0: 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a 696e 7075 742e keyboard.input.\n+00026800: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+00026810: 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 7061 7573 6520 6f75 not to pause ou\n+00026820: 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tput.....File: g\n+00026830: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00026840: 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 prefix, Next: \n+00026850: 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 5072 pxe_blksize, Pr\n+00026860: 6576 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: pager, Up: \n+00026870: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00026880: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00026890: 352e 312e 3339 2070 7265 6669 780a 2d2d 5.1.39 prefix.--\n+000268a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+000268b0: 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 e location of th\n+000268c0: 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 e .../boot/grub.\n+000268d0: 8099 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 .. directory as \n+000268e0: 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 an absolute file\n+000268f0: 206e 616d 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c name.(*note Fil\n+00026900: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 e name syntax::)\n+00026910: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 . This is norma\n+00026920: 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 lly set by GRUB \n+00026930: 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 0a62 6173 6564 at startup.based\n+00026940: 206f 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 on information \n+00026950: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 e280 9867 provided by ...g\n+00026960: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2e20 rub-install.... \n+00026970: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6172 GRUB modules ar\n+00026980: 650a 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f e.dynamically lo\n+00026990: 6164 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 2064 aded from this d\n+000269a0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 736f 2069 7420 irectory, so it \n+000269b0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7365 7420 636f 7272 must be set corr\n+000269c0: 6563 746c 7920 696e 0a6f 7264 6572 2066 ectly in.order f\n+000269d0: 6f72 206d 616e 7920 7061 7274 7320 6f66 or many parts of\n+000269e0: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a GRUB to work...\n+000269f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00026a00: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 626c o, Node: pxe_bl\n+00026a10: 6b73 697a 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 ksize, Next: px\n+00026a20: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 e_default_gatewa\n+00026a30: 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7072 6566 6978 y, Prev: prefix\n+00026a40: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00026a50: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00026a60: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3020 7078 bles..15.1.40 px\n+00026a70: 655f 626c 6b73 697a 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e_blksize.------\n+00026a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n+00026a90: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+00026aa0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00026ab0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f64 fo, Node: pxe_d\n+00026ac0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 efault_gateway, \n+00026ad0: 204e 6578 743a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 Next: pxe_defau\n+00026ae0: 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 lt_server, Prev\n+00026af0: 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 : pxe_blksize, \n+00026b00: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00026b10: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00026b20: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3431 2070 7865 5f64 s..15.1.41 pxe_d\n+00026b30: 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 0a2d efault_gateway.-\n 00026b40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00026b60: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00026b70: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00026b80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c Node: pxe_defaul\n-00026b90: 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a t_server, Next:\n-00026ba0: 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 root, Prev: px\n-00026bb0: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 e_default_gatewa\n-00026bc0: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 y, Up: Special \n-00026bd0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00026be0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3432 2070 ables..15.1.42 p\n-00026bf0: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 xe_default_serve\n-00026c00: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r.--------------\n-00026c10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-00026c20: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00026c30: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00026c40: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 o, Node: root, \n-00026c50: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b Next: shim_lock\n-00026c60: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 , Prev: pxe_def\n-00026c70: 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 ault_server, Up\n-00026c80: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00026c90: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00026ca0: 0a31 352e 312e 3433 2072 6f6f 740a 2d2d .15.1.43 root.--\n-00026cb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 ----------..The \n-00026cc0: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 root device name\n-00026cd0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 (*note Device s\n-00026ce0: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2041 6e79 2066 yntax::). Any f\n-00026cf0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2064 ile names that d\n-00026d00: 6f0a 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e o.not specify an\n-00026d10: 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 6465 7669 6365 explicit device\n-00026d20: 206e 616d 6520 6172 6520 7265 6164 2066 name are read f\n-00026d30: 726f 6d20 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 652e rom this device.\n-00026d40: 2020 5468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The.default is\n-00026d50: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 normally set by\n-00026d60: 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 GRUB at startup\n-00026d70: 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7661 based on the va\n-00026d80: 6c75 6520 6f66 0ae2 8098 7072 6566 6978 lue of....prefix\n-00026d90: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 7265 6669 ... (*note prefi\n-00026da0: 783a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6578 x::)... For ex\n-00026db0: 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 4752 5542 2077 ample, if GRUB w\n-00026dc0: 6173 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2074 6f20 as installed to \n-00026dd0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 the first partit\n-00026de0: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 ion of the.first\n-00026df0: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7468 656e hard disk, then\n-00026e00: 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 6d69 ...prefix... mi\n-00026e10: 6768 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ght be set to ..\n-00026e20: 9828 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 292f 626f .(hd0,msdos1)/bo\n-00026e30: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 ot/grub....and .\n-00026e40: 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 ..root... to ...\n-00026e50: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 e280 992e 0a0a hd0,msdos1......\n-00026e60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00026e70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c o, Node: shim_l\n-00026e80: 6f63 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 7065 ock, Next: supe\n-00026e90: 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 rusers, Prev: r\n-00026ea0: 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 oot, Up: Specia\n-00026eb0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00026ec0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3434 riables..15.1.44\n-00026ed0: 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d shim_lock.-----\n-00026ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n-00026ef0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n-00026f00: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 s set to ...y...\n-00026f10: 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 , it means that \n-00026f20: 7468 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 the shim_lock ve\n-00026f30: 7269 6669 6572 2069 730a 7265 6769 7374 rifier is.regist\n-00026f40: 6572 6564 2028 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 ered (see *note \n-00026f50: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI secure boot\n-00026f60: 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f and shim::)....\n-00026f70: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00026f80: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 7570 6572 7573 , Node: superus\n-00026f90: 6572 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7468 656d ers, Next: them\n-00026fa0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c e, Prev: shim_l\n-00026fb0: 6f63 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ock, Up: Specia\n-00026fc0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00026fd0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3435 riables..15.1.45\n-00026fe0: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a 2d2d 2d2d superusers.----\n-00026ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00027000: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 This variable ma\n-00027010: 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 y be set to a li\n-00027020: 7374 206f 6620 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 st of superuser \n-00027030: 6e61 6d65 7320 746f 2065 6e61 626c 650a names to enable.\n-00027040: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 authentication s\n-00027050: 7570 706f 7274 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 upport. *Note S\n-00027060: 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ecurity::.....Fi\n-00027070: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00027080: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 4e65 Node: theme, Ne\n-00027090: 7874 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5072 xt: timeout, Pr\n-000270a0: 6576 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 ev: superusers, \n-000270b0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-000270c0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000270d0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3620 7468 656d es..15.1.46 them\n-000270e0: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a e.-------------.\n-000270f0: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d .This variable m\n-00027100: 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 2064 ay be set to a d\n-00027110: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e irectory contain\n-00027120: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 ing a GRUB graph\n-00027130: 6963 616c 206d 656e 750a 7468 656d 652e ical menu.theme.\n-00027140: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 6669 *Note Theme fi\n-00027150: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 le format::... \n-00027160: 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 This variable i\n-00027170: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 s often set by .\n-00027180: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 e280 9920 ..GRUB_THEME... \n-00027190: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f (*note Simple.co\n-000271a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a nfiguration::)..\n-000271b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000271c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f fo, Node: timeo\n-000271d0: 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f ut, Next: timeo\n-000271e0: 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a ut_style, Prev:\n-000271f0: 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 theme, Up: Spe\n-00027200: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00027210: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00027220: 2e34 3720 7469 6d65 6f75 740a 2d2d 2d2d .47 timeout.----\n-00027230: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n-00027240: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n-00027250: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2073 7065 6369 6669 set, it specifi\n-00027260: 6573 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 696e 2073 es the time in s\n-00027270: 6563 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 econds to wait f\n-00027280: 6f72 0a6b 6579 626f 6172 6420 696e 7075 or.keyboard inpu\n-00027290: 7420 6265 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 t before booting\n-000272a0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e the default men\n-000272b0: 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 4120 7469 6d65 u entry. A time\n-000272c0: 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a6d out of ...0....m\n-000272d0: 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 eans to boot the\n-000272e0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2069 default entry i\n-000272f0: 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2077 6974 686f mmediately witho\n-00027300: 7574 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 7468 ut displaying th\n-00027310: 6520 6d65 6e75 3b0a 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 e menu;.a timeou\n-00027320: 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 286f t of ...-1... (o\n-00027330: 7220 756e 7365 7429 206d 6561 6e73 2074 r unset) means t\n-00027340: 6f20 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 o wait indefinit\n-00027350: 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 e280 9874 ely... If ...t\n-00027360: 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 e280 9920 imeout_style... \n-00027370: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 (*note timeout_s\n-00027380: 7479 6c65 3a3a 2920 6973 2073 6574 2074 tyle::) is set t\n-00027390: 6f20 e280 9863 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 o ...countdown..\n-000273a0: 9920 6f72 0ae2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 . or....hidden..\n-000273b0: 992c 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 ., the timeout i\n-000273c0: 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 s instead counte\n-000273d0: 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e d before the men\n-000273e0: 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a u is displayed..\n-000273f0: 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c . This variabl\n-00027400: 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 e is often set b\n-00027410: 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 y ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n-00027420: 54e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 T... (*note Simp\n-00027430: 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le.configuration\n-00027440: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-00027450: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00027460: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c 2020 timeout_style, \n-00027470: 4e65 7874 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 Next: tpm_fail_f\n-00027480: 6174 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d atal, Prev: tim\n-00027490: 656f 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 eout, Up: Speci\n-000274a0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-000274b0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n-000274c0: 3820 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 650a 8 timeout_style.\n-000274d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000274e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n-000274f0: 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 able may be set \n-00027500: 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 20e2 to ...menu..., .\n-00027510: 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2c20 ..countdown..., \n-00027520: 6f72 20e2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 9920 or ...hidden... \n-00027530: 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a74 6865 2077 to control.the w\n-00027540: 6179 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 ay in which the \n-00027550: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 timeout (*note t\n-00027560: 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 2920 696e 7465 7261 imeout::) intera\n-00027570: 6374 7320 7769 7468 2064 6973 706c 6179 cts with display\n-00027580: 696e 670a 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2e20 2053 ing.the menu. S\n-00027590: 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 ee the documenta\n-000275a0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f tion of ...GRUB_\n-000275b0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 TIMEOUT_STYLE...\n-000275c0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 (*note Simple.c\n-000275d0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 onfiguration::) \n-000275e0: 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a for details.....\n-000275f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00027600: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c Node: tpm_fail\n-00027610: 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 _fatal, Prev: t\n-00027620: 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 2055 imeout_style, U\n-00027630: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00027640: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00027650: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3920 7470 6d5f 6661 ..15.1.49 tpm_fa\n-00027660: 696c 5f66 6174 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d il_fatal.-------\n-00027670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00027680: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n-00027690: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2061 6e64 2074 7275 e is set and tru\n-000276a0: 6520 2869 2e65 2e2c 206e 6f74 2073 6574 e (i.e., not set\n-000276b0: 2074 6f20 2230 222c 2022 6661 6c73 6522 to \"0\", \"false\"\n-000276c0: 2c0a 2264 6973 6162 6c65 222c 206f 7220 ,.\"disable\", or \n-000276d0: 226e 6f22 292c 2054 504d 206d 6561 7375 \"no\"), TPM measu\n-000276e0: 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 7468 6174 2066 6169 rements that fai\n-000276f0: 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 l will be treate\n-00027700: 6420 6173 0a66 6174 616c 2e20 204f 7468 d as.fatal. Oth\n-00027710: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6579 2077 696c erwise, they wil\n-00027720: 6c20 6d65 7265 6c79 2062 6520 6465 6275 l merely be debu\n-00027730: 672d 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 2062 6f6f g-logged and boo\n-00027740: 7420 7769 6c6c 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 652e t will.continue.\n-00027750: 0a0a 2020 2043 616c 6c20 746f 2045 4649 .. Call to EFI\n-00027760: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 206c 696b 6520 firmware, like \n-00027770: 6861 7368 5f6c 6f67 5f65 7874 656e 645f hash_log_extend_\n-00027780: 6576 656e 7428 292c 2063 616e 2072 6574 event(), can ret\n-00027790: 7572 6e20 616e 0a75 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2065 urn an.unknown e\n-000277a0: 7272 6f72 2c20 692e 652e 2020 6475 6520 rror, i.e. due \n-000277b0: 746f 2062 7567 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2069 to bug present i\n-000277c0: 6e20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2057 6865 n firmware. Whe\n-000277d0: 6e20 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a n this variable.\n-000277e0: 6973 2073 6574 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 is set and true \n-000277f0: 2873 616d 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2061 7320 (same values as \n-00027800: 7769 7468 2054 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 with TPM measure\n-00027810: 6d65 6e74 7329 2074 6869 7320 7369 7475 ments) this situ\n-00027820: 6174 696f 6e0a 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636f ation.will be co\n-00027830: 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2066 nsidered to be f\n-00027840: 6174 616c 2061 6e64 2065 7272 6f72 2d6c atal and error-l\n-00027850: 6f67 6765 6420 6173 2022 756e 6b6e 6f77 ogged as \"unknow\n-00027860: 6e20 5450 4d20 6572 726f 7222 2e0a 4966 n TPM error\"..If\n-00027870: 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2c20 626f 6f74 696e not set, bootin\n-00027880: 6720 7468 6520 4f53 2077 696c 6c20 6265 g the OS will be\n-00027890: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c enabled.....Fil\n-000278a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000278b0: 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ode: Environment\n-000278c0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 block, Prev: S\n-000278d0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-000278e0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 2055 nt variables, U\n-000278f0: 703a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a p: Environment..\n-00027900: 3135 2e32 2054 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 15.2 The GRUB en\n-00027910: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a vironment block.\n-00027920: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00027930: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00027940: 0a49 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2075 7365 .It is often use\n-00027950: 6675 6c20 746f 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 ful to be able t\n-00027960: 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2061 2073 6d61 o remember a sma\n-00027970: 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2069 6e66 ll amount of inf\n-00027980: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a66 726f 6d20 6f6e ormation.from on\n-00027990: 6520 626f 6f74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 e boot to the ne\n-000279a0: 7874 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 xt. For example\n-000279b0: 2c20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 7761 6e74 , you might want\n-000279c0: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 650a 6465 6661 to set the.defa\n-000279d0: 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2062 ult menu entry b\n-000279e0: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7768 6174 2077 6173 ased on what was\n-000279f0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7468 6520 6c61 selected the la\n-00027a00: 7374 2074 696d 652e 2020 4752 5542 0a64 st time. GRUB.d\n-00027a10: 656c 6962 6572 6174 656c 7920 646f 6573 eliberately does\n-00027a20: 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 not implement s\n-00027a30: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2077 7269 7469 upport for writi\n-00027a40: 6e67 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 ng files in orde\n-00027a50: 7220 746f 0a6d 696e 696d 6973 6520 7468 r to.minimise th\n-00027a60: 6520 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 e possibility of\n-00027a70: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n-00027a80: 2062 6569 6e67 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 being responsib\n-00027a90: 6c65 2066 6f72 2066 696c 650a 7379 7374 le for file.syst\n-00027aa0: 656d 2063 6f72 7275 7074 696f 6e2c 2073 em corruption, s\n-00027ab0: 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 o a GRUB configu\n-00027ac0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e6e ration file cann\n-00027ad0: 6f74 206a 7573 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 ot just create a\n-00027ae0: 0a66 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206f 7264 .file in the ord\n-00027af0: 696e 6172 7920 7761 792e 2020 486f 7765 inary way. Howe\n-00027b00: 7665 722c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 ver, GRUB provid\n-00027b10: 6573 2061 6e20 2265 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 es an \"environme\n-00027b20: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 220a 7768 6963 6820 nt block\".which \n-00027b30: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 can be used to s\n-00027b40: 6176 6520 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 ave a small amou\n-00027b50: 6e74 206f 6620 7374 6174 652e 0a0a 2020 nt of state... \n-00027b60: 2054 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 The environment\n-00027b70: 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 7320 6120 7072 6561 block is a prea\n-00027b80: 6c6c 6f63 6174 6564 2031 3032 342d 6279 llocated 1024-by\n-00027b90: 7465 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a6e te file, which.n\n-00027ba0: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6c69 7665 7320 696e ormally lives in\n-00027bb0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 .../boot/grub/g\n-00027bc0: 7275 6265 6e76 e280 9920 2861 6c74 686f rubenv... (altho\n-00027bd0: 7567 6820 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206e ugh you should n\n-00027be0: 6f74 2061 7373 756d 650a 7468 6973 292e ot assume.this).\n-00027bf0: 2020 4174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 At boot time, \n-00027c00: 7468 6520 e280 986c 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 the ...load_env.\n-00027c10: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 .. command (*not\n-00027c20: 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2920 6c6f e load_env::) lo\n-00027c30: 6164 730a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ads.environment \n-00027c40: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 variables from i\n-00027c50: 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 t, and the ...sa\n-00027c60: 7665 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 ve_env... (*note\n-00027c70: 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a29 0a63 6f6d save_env::).com\n-00027c80: 6d61 6e64 2073 6176 6573 2065 6e76 6972 mand saves envir\n-00027c90: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00027ca0: 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2046 726f 6d20 6120 to it. From a \n-00027cb0: 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 running system, \n-00027cc0: 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 622d 6564 6974 the....grub-edit\n-00027cd0: 656e 76e2 8099 2075 7469 6c69 7479 2063 env... utility c\n-00027ce0: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6564 an be used to ed\n-00027cf0: 6974 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 it the environme\n-00027d00: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f nt block... Fo\n-00027d10: 7220 7361 6665 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 r safety reasons\n-00027d20: 2c20 7468 6973 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 , this storage i\n-00027d30: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n-00027d40: 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 when installed \n-00027d50: 6f6e 0a61 2070 6c61 696e 2064 6973 6b20 on.a plain disk \n-00027d60: 286e 6f20 4c56 4d20 6f72 2052 4149 4429 (no LVM or RAID)\n-00027d70: 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6368 , using a non-ch\n-00027d80: 6563 6b73 756d 6d69 6e67 2066 696c 6573 ecksumming files\n-00027d90: 7973 7465 6d20 286e 6f0a 5a46 5329 2c20 ystem (no.ZFS), \n-00027da0: 616e 6420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 206f and using BIOS o\n-00027db0: 7220 4546 4920 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 r EFI functions \n-00027dc0: 286e 6f20 4154 412c 2055 5342 206f 7220 (no ATA, USB or \n-00027dd0: 4945 4545 3132 3735 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 IEEE1275)... .\n-00027de0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n-00027df0: 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6163 .. uses this fac\n-00027e00: 696c 6974 7920 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 ility to impleme\n-00027e10: 6e74 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4156 4544 nt ...GRUB_SAVED\n-00027e20: 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 EFAULT....(*note\n-00027e30: 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple configur\n-00027e40: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ation::).....Fil\n-00027e50: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00027e60: 6f64 653a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 204e ode: Modules, N\n-00027e70: 6578 743a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 ext: Commands, \n-00027e80: 5072 6576 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Prev: Environmen\n-00027e90: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3620 t, Up: Top..16 \n-00027ea0: 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Modules.********\n-00027eb0: 2a2a 0a0a 496e 2074 6869 7320 6368 6170 **..In this chap\n-00027ec0: 7465 722c 2077 6520 6c69 7374 2061 6c6c ter, we list all\n-00027ed0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6861 7420 6172 modules that ar\n-00027ee0: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2047 e available in G\n-00027ef0: 5255 420a 2863 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 RUB.(currently i\n-00027f00: 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 2e0a 0a20 2020 ncomplete)... \n-00027f10: 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 206c Modules can be l\n-00027f20: 6f61 6465 6420 7669 6120 7468 6520 e280 oaded via the ..\n-00027f30: 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 .insmod... (*not\n-00027f40: 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d e insmod::) comm\n-00027f50: 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a and...* Menu:..*\n-00027f60: 2062 6c69 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 bli::....File: \n-00027f70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00027f80: 3a20 626c 692c 2020 5570 3a20 4d6f 6475 : bli, Up: Modu\n-00027f90: 6c65 730a 0a31 362e 3120 626c 690a 3d3d les..16.1 bli.==\n-00027fa0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6973 206d 6f64 ======..This mod\n-00027fb0: 756c 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2062 6173 ule provides bas\n-00027fc0: 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2074 ic support for t\n-00027fd0: 6865 2042 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 he Boot Loader I\n-00027fe0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a42 nterface. The.B\n-00027ff0: 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 6e74 6572 oot Loader Inter\n-00028000: 6661 6365 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 face specifies a\n-00028010: 2073 6574 206f 6620 4546 4920 7661 7269 set of EFI vari\n-00028020: 6162 6c65 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2075 ables that are u\n-00028030: 7365 6420 746f 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 sed to.communica\n-00028040: 7465 2062 6f6f 742d 7469 6d65 2069 6e66 te boot-time inf\n-00028050: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2062 6574 7765 656e ormation between\n-00028060: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 the bootloader \n-00028070: 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f70 6572 6174 696e and the.operatin\n-00028080: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 g system... Th\n-00028090: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7661 7269 e following vari\n-000280a0: 6162 6c65 7320 6172 6520 706c 6163 6564 ables are placed\n-000280b0: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2076 656e 646f under the vendo\n-000280c0: 7220 5555 4944 0ae2 8098 3461 3637 6230 r UUID....4a67b0\n-000280d0: 3832 2d30 6134 632d 3431 6366 2d62 3663 82-0a4c-41cf-b6c\n-000280e0: 372d 3434 3062 3239 6262 3863 3466 e280 7-440b29bb8c4f..\n-000280f0: 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c . when the modul\n-00028100: 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 643a 0a0a 2020 e is loaded:.. \n-00028110: 2054 6865 2047 5054 2070 6172 7469 7469 The GPT partiti\n-00028120: 6f6e 2055 5549 4420 6f66 2074 6865 2045 on UUID of the E\n-00028130: 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d20 5061 7274 6974 FI System Partit\n-00028140: 696f 6e20 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 ion used during \n-00028150: 626f 6f74 0a69 7320 7075 626c 6973 6865 boot.is publishe\n-00028160: 6420 7669 6120 7468 6520 e280 984c 6f61 d via the ...Loa\n-00028170: 6465 7244 6576 6963 6550 6172 7455 5549 derDevicePartUUI\n-00028180: 44e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 652e 2020 D... variable. \n-00028190: 5468 6520 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 6465 720a The Boot Loader.\n-000281a0: 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7370 6563 6966 Interface specif\n-000281b0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7265 7175 6972 6573 ication requires\n-000281c0: 2047 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 GPT formatted d\n-000281d0: 7269 7665 732e 2020 5468 6520 626c 6920 rives. The bli \n-000281e0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a69 676e 6f72 6573 2064 module.ignores d\n-000281f0: 7269 7665 732f 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 rives/partitions\n-00028200: 2069 6e20 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 666f in any other fo\n-00028210: 726d 6174 2e20 2049 6620 4752 5542 2069 rmat. If GRUB i\n-00028220: 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 726f 6d20 610a s loaded from a.\n-00028230: 6e6f 6e2d 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f non-GPT partitio\n-00028240: 6e2c 2065 2e67 2e20 2066 726f 6d20 616e n, e.g. from an\n-00028250: 204d 5344 4f53 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 MSDOS formatted\n-00028260: 2064 7269 7665 206f 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 drive or networ\n-00028270: 6b2c 2074 6869 730a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 k, this.variable\n-00028280: 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 6574 will not be set\n-00028290: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 7374 7269 6e67 2069 ... A string i\n-000282a0: 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 2047 5255 4220 dentifying GRUB \n-000282b0: 6173 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 626f as the active bo\n-000282c0: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 otloader includi\n-000282d0: 6e67 2074 6865 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 206e ng the.version n\n-000282e0: 756d 6265 7220 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 umber is stored \n-000282f0: 696e 20e2 8098 4c6f 6164 6572 496e 666f in ...LoaderInfo\n-00028300: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d6f ...... This mo\n-00028310: 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 dule is only ava\n-00028320: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 5545 4649 2070 ilable on UEFI p\n-00028330: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c latforms.....Fil\n-00028340: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00028350: 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 ode: Commands, \n-00028360: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f Next: Internatio\n-00028370: 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 nalisation, Pre\n-00028380: 763a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 2055 703a v: Modules, Up:\n-00028390: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3137 2041 7661 696c 6162 Top..17 Availab\n-000283a0: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2a2a 2a2a le commands.****\n+00026b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00026b60: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+00026b70: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00026b80: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 Node: pxe_defa\n+00026b90: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 ult_server, Nex\n+00026ba0: 743a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: root, Prev: \n+00026bb0: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 pxe_default_gate\n+00026bc0: 7761 792c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 way, Up: Specia\n+00026bd0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00026be0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3432 riables..15.1.42\n+00026bf0: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 pxe_default_ser\n+00026c00: 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ver.------------\n+00026c10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00026c20: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n+00026c30: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00026c40: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 726f 6f74 nfo, Node: root\n+00026c50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f , Next: shim_lo\n+00026c60: 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f64 ck, Prev: pxe_d\n+00026c70: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 efault_server, \n+00026c80: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00026c90: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00026ca0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3433 2072 6f6f 740a s..15.1.43 root.\n+00026cb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+00026cc0: 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 e root device na\n+00026cd0: 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 me (*note Device\n+00026ce0: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2041 6e79 syntax::). Any\n+00026cf0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 6174 file names that\n+00026d00: 2064 6f0a 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 do.not specify \n+00026d10: 616e 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 6465 7669 an explicit devi\n+00026d20: 6365 206e 616d 6520 6172 6520 7265 6164 ce name are read\n+00026d30: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 from this devic\n+00026d40: 652e 2020 5468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 e. The.default \n+00026d50: 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 is normally set \n+00026d60: 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 by GRUB at start\n+00026d70: 7570 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 up based on the \n+00026d80: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0ae2 8098 7072 6566 value of....pref\n+00026d90: 6978 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 7265 ix... (*note pre\n+00026da0: 6669 783a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 fix::)... For \n+00026db0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 4752 5542 example, if GRUB\n+00026dc0: 2077 6173 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2074 was installed t\n+00026dd0: 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 o the first part\n+00026de0: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a66 6972 ition of the.fir\n+00026df0: 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7468 st hard disk, th\n+00026e00: 656e 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 en ...prefix... \n+00026e10: 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 might be set to \n+00026e20: e280 9828 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 292f ...(hd0,msdos1)/\n+00026e30: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 0a61 6e64 boot/grub....and\n+00026e40: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 746f 20e2 ...root... to .\n+00026e50: 8098 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 e280 992e ..hd0,msdos1....\n+00026e60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00026e70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 696d nfo, Node: shim\n+00026e80: 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 _lock, Next: su\n+00026e90: 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2050 7265 763a perusers, Prev:\n+00026ea0: 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 root, Up: Spec\n+00026eb0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00026ec0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00026ed0: 3434 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a2d 2d2d 44 shim_lock.---\n+00026ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00026ef0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n+00026f00: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 is set to ...y.\n+00026f10: 8099 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 .., it means tha\n+00026f20: 7420 7468 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 t the shim_lock \n+00026f30: 7665 7269 6669 6572 2069 730a 7265 6769 verifier is.regi\n+00026f40: 7374 6572 6564 2028 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 stered (see *not\n+00026f50: 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f e UEFI secure bo\n+00026f60: 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a 3a29 2e0a ot and shim::)..\n+00026f70: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00026f80: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 7570 6572 fo, Node: super\n+00026f90: 7573 6572 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7468 users, Next: th\n+00026fa0: 656d 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 696d eme, Prev: shim\n+00026fb0: 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 _lock, Up: Spec\n+00026fc0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00026fd0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00026fe0: 3435 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a 2d2d 45 superusers.--\n+00026ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00027000: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n+00027010: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 may be set to a \n+00027020: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7375 7065 7275 7365 list of superuse\n+00027030: 7220 6e61 6d65 7320 746f 2065 6e61 626c r names to enabl\n+00027040: 650a 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e e.authentication\n+00027050: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 support. *Note\n+00027060: 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a Security::.....\n+00027070: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00027080: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 Node: theme, \n+00027090: 4e65 7874 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 Next: timeout, \n+000270a0: 5072 6576 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 Prev: superusers\n+000270b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+000270c0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000270d0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3620 7468 bles..15.1.46 th\n+000270e0: 656d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eme.------------\n+000270f0: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n+00027100: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 may be set to a\n+00027110: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 directory conta\n+00027120: 696e 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2067 7261 ining a GRUB gra\n+00027130: 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 750a 7468 656d phical menu.them\n+00027140: 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 e. *Note Theme \n+00027150: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a file format::...\n+00027160: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 This variable\n+00027170: 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 is often set by\n+00027180: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 e280 ...GRUB_THEME..\n+00027190: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a . (*note Simple.\n+000271a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n+000271b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000271c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 696d info, Node: tim\n+000271d0: 656f 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d eout, Next: tim\n+000271e0: 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 eout_style, Pre\n+000271f0: 763a 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 v: theme, Up: S\n+00027200: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00027210: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00027220: 2e31 2e34 3720 7469 6d65 6f75 740a 2d2d .1.47 timeout.--\n+00027230: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n+00027240: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n+00027250: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2073 7065 6369 is set, it speci\n+00027260: 6669 6573 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 696e fies the time in\n+00027270: 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7761 6974 seconds to wait\n+00027280: 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 626f 6172 6420 696e for.keyboard in\n+00027290: 7075 7420 6265 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 put before booti\n+000272a0: 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d ng the default m\n+000272b0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 4120 7469 enu entry. A ti\n+000272c0: 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 meout of ...0...\n+000272d0: 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 .means to boot t\n+000272e0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 he default entry\n+000272f0: 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2077 6974 immediately wit\n+00027300: 686f 7574 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 hout displaying \n+00027310: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3b0a 6120 7469 6d65 the menu;.a time\n+00027320: 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 out of ...-1... \n+00027330: 286f 7220 756e 7365 7429 206d 6561 6e73 (or unset) means\n+00027340: 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e to wait indefin\n+00027350: 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 e280 itely... If ..\n+00027360: 9874 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 e280 .timeout_style..\n+00027370: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 . (*note timeout\n+00027380: 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a 2920 6973 2073 6574 _style::) is set\n+00027390: 2074 6f20 e280 9863 6f75 6e74 646f 776e to ...countdown\n+000273a0: e280 9920 6f72 0ae2 8098 6869 6464 656e ... or....hidden\n+000273b0: e280 992c 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 ..., the timeout\n+000273c0: 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e is instead coun\n+000273d0: 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d ted before the m\n+000273e0: 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 enu is displayed\n+000273f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ... This varia\n+00027400: 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 ble is often set\n+00027410: 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 by ...GRUB_TIME\n+00027420: 4f55 54e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 OUT... (*note Si\n+00027430: 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple.configurati\n+00027440: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 on::).....File: \n+00027450: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00027460: 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c : timeout_style,\n+00027470: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c Next: tpm_fail\n+00027480: 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 _fatal, Prev: t\n+00027490: 696d 656f 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 imeout, Up: Spe\n+000274a0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+000274b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+000274c0: 2e34 3820 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c .48 timeout_styl\n+000274d0: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n+000274e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+000274f0: 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 riable may be se\n+00027500: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c t to ...menu...,\n+00027510: 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 ...countdown...\n+00027520: 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 , or ...hidden..\n+00027530: 9920 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a74 6865 . to control.the\n+00027540: 2077 6179 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 way in which th\n+00027550: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 e timeout (*note\n+00027560: 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 2920 696e 7465 timeout::) inte\n+00027570: 7261 6374 7320 7769 7468 2064 6973 706c racts with displ\n+00027580: 6179 696e 670a 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2e20 aying.the menu. \n+00027590: 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e See the documen\n+000275a0: 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9847 5255 tation of ...GRU\n+000275b0: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 B_TIMEOUT_STYLE.\n+000275c0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 .. (*note Simple\n+000275d0: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a .configuration::\n+000275e0: 2920 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a ) for details...\n+000275f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00027600: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 o, Node: tpm_fa\n+00027610: 696c 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a il_fatal, Prev:\n+00027620: 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 timeout_style, \n+00027630: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00027640: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00027650: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3920 7470 6d5f es..15.1.49 tpm_\n+00027660: 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d fail_fatal.-----\n+00027670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00027680: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n+00027690: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2061 6e64 2074 ble is set and t\n+000276a0: 7275 6520 2869 2e65 2e2c 206e 6f74 2073 rue (i.e., not s\n+000276b0: 6574 2074 6f20 2230 222c 2022 6661 6c73 et to \"0\", \"fals\n+000276c0: 6522 2c0a 2264 6973 6162 6c65 222c 206f e\",.\"disable\", o\n+000276d0: 7220 226e 6f22 292c 2054 504d 206d 6561 r \"no\"), TPM mea\n+000276e0: 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 7468 6174 2066 surements that f\n+000276f0: 6169 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 ail will be trea\n+00027700: 7465 6420 6173 0a66 6174 616c 2e20 204f ted as.fatal. O\n+00027710: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6579 2077 therwise, they w\n+00027720: 696c 6c20 6d65 7265 6c79 2062 6520 6465 ill merely be de\n+00027730: 6275 672d 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 2062 bug-logged and b\n+00027740: 6f6f 7420 7769 6c6c 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 oot will.continu\n+00027750: 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 616c 6c20 746f 2045 e... Call to E\n+00027760: 4649 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 206c 696b FI firmware, lik\n+00027770: 6520 6861 7368 5f6c 6f67 5f65 7874 656e e hash_log_exten\n+00027780: 645f 6576 656e 7428 292c 2063 616e 2072 d_event(), can r\n+00027790: 6574 7572 6e20 616e 0a75 6e6b 6e6f 776e eturn an.unknown\n+000277a0: 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 692e 652e 2020 6475 error, i.e. du\n+000277b0: 6520 746f 2062 7567 2070 7265 7365 6e74 e to bug present\n+000277c0: 2069 6e20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2057 in firmware. W\n+000277d0: 6865 6e20 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c hen this variabl\n+000277e0: 650a 6973 2073 6574 2061 6e64 2074 7275 e.is set and tru\n+000277f0: 6520 2873 616d 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2061 e (same values a\n+00027800: 7320 7769 7468 2054 504d 206d 6561 7375 s with TPM measu\n+00027810: 7265 6d65 6e74 7329 2074 6869 7320 7369 rements) this si\n+00027820: 7475 6174 696f 6e0a 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 tuation.will be \n+00027830: 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2074 6f20 6265 considered to be\n+00027840: 2066 6174 616c 2061 6e64 2065 7272 6f72 fatal and error\n+00027850: 2d6c 6f67 6765 6420 6173 2022 756e 6b6e -logged as \"unkn\n+00027860: 6f77 6e20 5450 4d20 6572 726f 7222 2e0a own TPM error\"..\n+00027870: 4966 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2c20 626f 6f74 If not set, boot\n+00027880: 696e 6720 7468 6520 4f53 2077 696c 6c20 ing the OS will \n+00027890: 6265 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 be enabled.....F\n+000278a0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000278b0: 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Node: Environme\n+000278c0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a nt block, Prev:\n+000278d0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+000278e0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 ment variables, \n+000278f0: 2055 703a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Up: Environment\n+00027900: 0a0a 3135 2e32 2054 6865 2047 5255 4220 ..15.2 The GRUB \n+00027910: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n+00027920: 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d k.==============\n+00027930: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00027940: 3d0a 0a49 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2075 =..It is often u\n+00027950: 7365 6675 6c20 746f 2062 6520 6162 6c65 seful to be able\n+00027960: 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2061 2073 to remember a s\n+00027970: 6d61 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2069 mall amount of i\n+00027980: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a66 726f 6d20 nformation.from \n+00027990: 6f6e 6520 626f 6f74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 one boot to the \n+000279a0: 6e65 7874 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 next. For examp\n+000279b0: 6c65 2c20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 7761 le, you might wa\n+000279c0: 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 650a 6465 nt to set the.de\n+000279d0: 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 fault menu entry\n+000279e0: 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7768 6174 2077 based on what w\n+000279f0: 6173 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7468 6520 as selected the \n+00027a00: 6c61 7374 2074 696d 652e 2020 4752 5542 last time. GRUB\n+00027a10: 0a64 656c 6962 6572 6174 656c 7920 646f .deliberately do\n+00027a20: 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 es not implement\n+00027a30: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2077 7269 support for wri\n+00027a40: 7469 6e67 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 ting files in or\n+00027a50: 6465 7220 746f 0a6d 696e 696d 6973 6520 der to.minimise \n+00027a60: 7468 6520 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 the possibility \n+00027a70: 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 of the boot load\n+00027a80: 6572 2062 6569 6e67 2072 6573 706f 6e73 er being respons\n+00027a90: 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2066 696c 650a 7379 ible for file.sy\n+00027aa0: 7374 656d 2063 6f72 7275 7074 696f 6e2c stem corruption,\n+00027ab0: 2073 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 so a GRUB confi\n+00027ac0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6361 guration file ca\n+00027ad0: 6e6e 6f74 206a 7573 7420 6372 6561 7465 nnot just create\n+00027ae0: 2061 0a66 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206f a.file in the o\n+00027af0: 7264 696e 6172 7920 7761 792e 2020 486f rdinary way. Ho\n+00027b00: 7765 7665 722c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 wever, GRUB prov\n+00027b10: 6964 6573 2061 6e20 2265 6e76 6972 6f6e ides an \"environ\n+00027b20: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 220a 7768 6963 ment block\".whic\n+00027b30: 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f h can be used to\n+00027b40: 2073 6176 6520 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d save a small am\n+00027b50: 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7374 6174 652e 0a0a ount of state...\n+00027b60: 2020 2054 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 The environme\n+00027b70: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 7320 6120 7072 nt block is a pr\n+00027b80: 6561 6c6c 6f63 6174 6564 2031 3032 342d eallocated 1024-\n+00027b90: 6279 7465 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 byte file, which\n+00027ba0: 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6c69 7665 7320 .normally lives \n+00027bb0: 696e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 in .../boot/grub\n+00027bc0: 2f67 7275 6265 6e76 e280 9920 2861 6c74 /grubenv... (alt\n+00027bd0: 686f 7567 6820 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 hough you should\n+00027be0: 206e 6f74 2061 7373 756d 650a 7468 6973 not assume.this\n+00027bf0: 292e 2020 4174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 ). At boot time\n+00027c00: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c 6f61 645f 656e , the ...load_en\n+00027c10: 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e v... command (*n\n+00027c20: 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2920 ote load_env::) \n+00027c30: 6c6f 6164 730a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e loads.environmen\n+00027c40: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d t variables from\n+00027c50: 2069 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 20e2 8098 it, and the ...\n+00027c60: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 282a 6e6f save_env... (*no\n+00027c70: 7465 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a29 0a63 te save_env::).c\n+00027c80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6176 6573 2065 6e76 ommand saves env\n+00027c90: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00027ca0: 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2046 726f 6d20 es to it. From \n+00027cb0: 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d a running system\n+00027cc0: 2c20 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 622d 6564 , the....grub-ed\n+00027cd0: 6974 656e 76e2 8099 2075 7469 6c69 7479 itenv... utility\n+00027ce0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n+00027cf0: 6564 6974 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e edit the environ\n+00027d00: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 ment block... \n+00027d10: 466f 7220 7361 6665 7479 2072 6561 736f For safety reaso\n+00027d20: 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2073 746f 7261 6765 ns, this storage\n+00027d30: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n+00027d40: 6c65 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 le when installe\n+00027d50: 6420 6f6e 0a61 2070 6c61 696e 2064 6973 d on.a plain dis\n+00027d60: 6b20 286e 6f20 4c56 4d20 6f72 2052 4149 k (no LVM or RAI\n+00027d70: 4429 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6120 6e6f 6e2d D), using a non-\n+00027d80: 6368 6563 6b73 756d 6d69 6e67 2066 696c checksumming fil\n+00027d90: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 286e 6f0a 5a46 5329 esystem (no.ZFS)\n+00027da0: 2c20 616e 6420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 , and using BIOS\n+00027db0: 206f 7220 4546 4920 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e or EFI function\n+00027dc0: 7320 286e 6f20 4154 412c 2055 5342 206f s (no ATA, USB o\n+00027dd0: 7220 4945 4545 3132 3735 292e 0a0a 2020 r IEEE1275)... \n+00027de0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n+00027df0: 67e2 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 g... uses this f\n+00027e00: 6163 696c 6974 7920 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 acility to imple\n+00027e10: 6d65 6e74 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4156 ment ...GRUB_SAV\n+00027e20: 4544 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 282a 6e6f EDEFAULT....(*no\n+00027e30: 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple config\n+00027e40: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 uration::).....F\n+00027e50: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00027e60: 204e 6f64 653a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 Node: Modules, \n+00027e70: 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c Next: Commands,\n+00027e80: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d Prev: Environm\n+00027e90: 656e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 ent, Up: Top..1\n+00027ea0: 3620 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 6 Modules.******\n+00027eb0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 2074 6869 7320 6368 ****..In this ch\n+00027ec0: 6170 7465 722c 2077 6520 6c69 7374 2061 apter, we list a\n+00027ed0: 6c6c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6861 7420 ll modules that \n+00027ee0: 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e are available in\n+00027ef0: 2047 5255 420a 2863 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 GRUB.(currently\n+00027f00: 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 2e0a 0a20 incomplete)... \n+00027f10: 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 Modules can be\n+00027f20: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7669 6120 7468 6520 loaded via the \n+00027f30: e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e ...insmod... (*n\n+00027f40: 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 2920 636f ote insmod::) co\n+00027f50: 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a mmand...* Menu:.\n+00027f60: 0a2a 2062 6c69 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 .* bli::....File\n+00027f70: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00027f80: 6465 3a20 626c 692c 2020 5570 3a20 4d6f de: bli, Up: Mo\n+00027f90: 6475 6c65 730a 0a31 362e 3120 626c 690a dules..16.1 bli.\n+00027fa0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6973 206d ========..This m\n+00027fb0: 6f64 756c 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2062 odule provides b\n+00027fc0: 6173 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 asic support for\n+00027fd0: 2074 6865 2042 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 the Boot Loader\n+00027fe0: 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 2054 6865 Interface. The\n+00027ff0: 0a42 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 6e74 .Boot Loader Int\n+00028000: 6572 6661 6365 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 erface specifies\n+00028010: 2061 2073 6574 206f 6620 4546 4920 7661 a set of EFI va\n+00028020: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 riables that are\n+00028030: 2075 7365 6420 746f 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 used to.communi\n+00028040: 6361 7465 2062 6f6f 742d 7469 6d65 2069 cate boot-time i\n+00028050: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2062 6574 7765 nformation betwe\n+00028060: 656e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 en the bootloade\n+00028070: 7220 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f70 6572 6174 r and the.operat\n+00028080: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 ing system... \n+00028090: 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7661 The following va\n+000280a0: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 6520 706c 6163 riables are plac\n+000280b0: 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2076 656e ed under the ven\n+000280c0: 646f 7220 5555 4944 0ae2 8098 3461 3637 dor UUID....4a67\n+000280d0: 6230 3832 2d30 6134 632d 3431 6366 2d62 b082-0a4c-41cf-b\n+000280e0: 3663 372d 3434 3062 3239 6262 3863 3466 6c7-440b29bb8c4f\n+000280f0: e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 206d 6f64 ... when the mod\n+00028100: 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 643a 0a0a ule is loaded:..\n+00028110: 2020 2054 6865 2047 5054 2070 6172 7469 The GPT parti\n+00028120: 7469 6f6e 2055 5549 4420 6f66 2074 6865 tion UUID of the\n+00028130: 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d20 5061 7274 EFI System Part\n+00028140: 6974 696f 6e20 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e ition used durin\n+00028150: 6720 626f 6f74 0a69 7320 7075 626c 6973 g boot.is publis\n+00028160: 6865 6420 7669 6120 7468 6520 e280 984c hed via the ...L\n+00028170: 6f61 6465 7244 6576 6963 6550 6172 7455 oaderDevicePartU\n+00028180: 5549 44e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 652e UID... variable.\n+00028190: 2020 5468 6520 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 6465 The Boot Loade\n+000281a0: 720a 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7370 6563 r.Interface spec\n+000281b0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7265 7175 6972 ification requir\n+000281c0: 6573 2047 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 es GPT formatted\n+000281d0: 2064 7269 7665 732e 2020 5468 6520 626c drives. The bl\n+000281e0: 6920 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a69 676e 6f72 6573 i module.ignores\n+000281f0: 2064 7269 7665 732f 7061 7274 6974 696f drives/partitio\n+00028200: 6e73 2069 6e20 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 ns in any other \n+00028210: 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2049 6620 4752 5542 format. If GRUB\n+00028220: 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 726f 6d20 is loaded from \n+00028230: 610a 6e6f 6e2d 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 a.non-GPT partit\n+00028240: 696f 6e2c 2065 2e67 2e20 2066 726f 6d20 ion, e.g. from \n+00028250: 616e 204d 5344 4f53 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 an MSDOS formatt\n+00028260: 6564 2064 7269 7665 206f 7220 6e65 7477 ed drive or netw\n+00028270: 6f72 6b2c 2074 6869 730a 7661 7269 6162 ork, this.variab\n+00028280: 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 le will not be s\n+00028290: 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 7374 7269 6e67 et... A string\n+000282a0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 2047 5255 identifying GRU\n+000282b0: 4220 6173 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 B as the active \n+000282c0: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2069 6e63 6c75 bootloader inclu\n+000282d0: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e ding the.version\n+000282e0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6973 2073 746f 7265 number is store\n+000282f0: 6420 696e 20e2 8098 4c6f 6164 6572 496e d in ...LoaderIn\n+00028300: 666f e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 fo...... This \n+00028310: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 module is only a\n+00028320: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 5545 4649 vailable on UEFI\n+00028330: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 platforms.....F\n+00028340: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00028350: 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c Node: Commands,\n+00028360: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 Next: Internat\n+00028370: 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 ionalisation, P\n+00028380: 7265 763a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 2055 rev: Modules, U\n+00028390: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3137 2041 7661 696c p: Top..17 Avail\n+000283a0: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2a2a able commands.**\n 000283b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000283c0: 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6861 7074 *..In this chapt\n-000283d0: 6572 2c20 7765 206c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 er, we list all \n-000283e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6172 commands that ar\n-000283f0: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2047 e available in G\n-00028400: 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 RUB... Command\n-00028410: 7320 6265 6c6f 6e67 2074 6f20 6469 6666 s belong to diff\n-00028420: 6572 656e 7420 6772 6f75 7073 2e20 2041 erent groups. A\n-00028430: 2066 6577 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 few can only be\n-00028440: 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a67 6c6f used in the.glo\n-00028450: 6261 6c20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 bal section of t\n-00028460: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he configuration\n-00028470: 2066 696c 6520 286f 7220 226d 656e 7522 file (or \"menu\"\n-00028480: 293b 206d 6f73 7420 6f66 2074 6865 6d20 ); most of them \n-00028490: 6361 6e0a 6265 2065 6e74 6572 6564 206f can.be entered o\n-000284a0: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 n the command-li\n-000284b0: 6e65 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 ne and can be us\n-000284c0: 6564 2065 6974 6865 7220 616e 7977 6865 ed either anywhe\n-000284d0: 7265 2069 6e20 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 206f re in the.menu o\n-000284e0: 7220 7370 6563 6966 6963 616c 6c79 2069 r specifically i\n-000284f0: 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 n the menu entri\n-00028500: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2072 6573 6375 es... In rescu\n-00028510: 6520 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 e mode, only the\n-00028520: 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a ...insmod... (*\n-00028530: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2c20 note insmod::), \n-00028540: e280 986c 73e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a ...ls... (*note.\n-00028550: 6c73 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 7365 74e2 8099 ls::), ...set...\n-00028560: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 (*note set::), \n-00028570: 616e 6420 e280 9875 6e73 6574 e280 9920 and ...unset... \n-00028580: 282a 6e6f 7465 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 2920 (*note unset::) \n-00028590: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a6e 6f72 commands are.nor\n-000285a0: 6d61 6c6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e mally available.\n-000285b0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 6e64 2075 7020 If you end up \n-000285c0: 696e 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 in rescue mode a\n-000285d0: 6e64 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6b6e 6f77 2077 nd do not know w\n-000285e0: 6861 740a 746f 2064 6f2c 2074 6865 6e20 hat.to do, then \n-000285f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 *note GRUB only \n-00028600: 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 offers a rescue \n-00028610: 7368 656c 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 shell::...* Menu\n-00028620: 3a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 :..* Menu-specif\n-00028630: 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 ic commands::.* \n-00028640: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a Loader commands:\n-00028650: 3a0a 2a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d :.* General comm\n-00028660: 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ands::.* Command\n-00028670: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a -line commands::\n-00028680: 0a2a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f .* Networking co\n-00028690: 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2055 6e64 6f63 mmands::.* Undoc\n-000286a0: 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 umented commands\n-000286b0: 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ::....File: grub\n-000286c0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 .info, Node: Me\n-000286d0: 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d nu-specific comm\n-000286e0: 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f61 ands, Next: Loa\n-000286f0: 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 der commands, U\n-00028700: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e p: Commands..17.\n-00028710: 3120 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2066 6f72 2074 1 Commands for t\n-00028720: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6f6e 6c79 0a3d 3d3d he menu only.===\n+000283c0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6861 ***..In this cha\n+000283d0: 7074 6572 2c20 7765 206c 6973 7420 616c pter, we list al\n+000283e0: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 l commands that \n+000283f0: 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e are available in\n+00028400: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 GRUB... 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Boot BIOS-ba\n-00029370: 7365 6420 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 sed system.. .\n-00029380: 80a2 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 .. ...freedos...\n-00029390: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 444f 5320 - Load FreeDOS \n-000293a0: 6b65 726e 656c 2e73 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 kernel.sys.. .\n-000293b0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6c .. ...kfreebsd_l\n-000293c0: 6f61 6465 6e76 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 oadenv... - Load\n-000293d0: 2046 7265 6542 5344 2065 6e76 2e0a 2020 FreeBSD env.. \n-000293e0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 ... ...kfreebsd\n-000293f0: 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 202d _module_elf... -\n-00029400: 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 4253 4420 6b65 Load FreeBSD ke\n-00029410: 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2845 4c46 rnel module (ELF\n-00029420: 292e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 ).. ... ...kfr\n-00029430: 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 eebsd_module... \n-00029440: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 206b - Load FreeBSD k\n-00029450: 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 ernel module.. \n-00029460: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 ... ...kfreebsd\n-00029470: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 ... - Load kerne\n-00029480: 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2e0a 2020 l of FreeBSD.. \n-00029490: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f ... ...knetbsd_\n-000294a0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 9920 2d20 module_elf... - \n-000294b0: 4c6f 6164 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e Load NetBSD kern\n-000294c0: 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2845 4c46 292e el module (ELF).\n-000294d0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6e65 7462 . ... ...knetb\n-000294e0: 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 202d 204c sd_module... - L\n-000294f0: 6f61 6420 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 oad NetBSD kerne\n-00029500: 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 l module.. ...\n-00029510: 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 202d ...knetbsd... -\n-00029520: 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 Load kernel of \n-00029530: 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 NetBSD.. ... .\n-00029540: 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 e280 9920 2d20 ..kopenbsd... - \n-00029550: 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 204f Load kernel of O\n-00029560: 7065 6e42 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 penBSD.. ... .\n-00029570: 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 5f72 616d 6469 ..kopenbsd_ramdi\n-00029580: 736b e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 4f70 sk... - Load kOp\n-00029590: 656e 4253 4420 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e 0a20 enBSD ramdisk.. \n-000295a0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f ... ...legacy_\n-000295b0: 696e 6974 7264 5f6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 e280 initrd_nounzip..\n-000295c0: 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 . - Simulate gru\n-000295d0: 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 6d6f 6475 6c65 b-legacy 'module\n-000295e0: 6e6f 756e 7a69 7027 0a20 2020 2020 636f nounzip'. co\n-000295f0: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 mmand. ... ...\n-00029600: 6c65 6761 6379 5f69 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 legacy_initrd...\n-00029610: 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 - Simulate grub\n-00029620: 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2769 6e69 7472 6427 -legacy 'initrd'\n-00029630: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 command. ... \n-00029640: e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 6b65 726e 656c ...legacy_kernel\n-00029650: e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 ... - Simulate g\n-00029660: 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 6b65 726e rub-legacy 'kern\n-00029670: 656c 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 el' command. .\n-00029680: 80a2 20e2 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 32e2 8099 .. ...module2...\n-00029690: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 - Load a multib\n-000296a0: 6f6f 7420 3220 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 oot 2 module.. \n-000296b0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 ... ...module..\n-000296c0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 . - Load a multi\n-000296d0: 626f 6f74 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 boot module.. \n-000296e0: e280 a220 e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 ... ...multiboot\n-000296f0: 32e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 2... - Load a mu\n-00029700: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 3220 6b65 726e 656c ltiboot 2 kernel\n-00029710: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d75 6c74 .. ... ...mult\n-00029720: 6962 6f6f 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 iboot... - Load \n-00029730: 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e a multiboot kern\n-00029740: 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6e74 el.. ... ...nt\n-00029750: 6c64 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e54 ldr... - Load NT\n-00029760: 4c44 5220 6f72 2042 6f6f 744d 4752 2e0a LDR or BootMGR..\n-00029770: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 ... ...plan9.\n-00029780: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 506c 616e 3920 .. - Load Plan9 \n-00029790: 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 kernel.. ... .\n-000297a0: 8098 7078 6563 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 ..pxechainloader\n-000297b0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 2050 5845 ... - Load a PXE\n-000297c0: 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 image.. ... .\n-000297d0: 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 202d ..truecrypt... -\n-000297e0: 204c 6f61 6420 5472 7565 6372 7970 7420 Load Truecrypt \n-000297f0: 4953 4f2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 ISO.. ... ...x\n-00029800: 6e75 5f6b 6572 6e65 6c36 34e2 8099 202d nu_kernel64... -\n-00029810: 204c 6f61 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 Load 64-bit XNU\n-00029820: 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 image.. ... .\n-00029830: 8098 786e 755f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 ..xnu_kernel... \n-00029840: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 - Load XNU image\n-00029850: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n-00029860: 6b65 7874 6469 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 kextdir... - Loa\n-00029870: 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 d XNU extension \n-00029880: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 0a20 2020 e280 directory.. ..\n-00029890: a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6578 74e2 8099 . ...xnu_kext...\n-000298a0: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 - Load XNU exte\n-000298b0: 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 nsion.. ... ..\n-000298c0: 9878 6e75 5f6d 6b65 7874 e280 9920 2d20 .xnu_mkext... - \n-000298d0: 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2065 7874 656e 7369 Load XNU extensi\n-000298e0: 6f6e 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 on package.. .\n-000298f0: 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 .. ...xnu_ramdis\n-00029900: 6be2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 k... - Load XNU \n-00029910: 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e 2020 4974 2077 696c ramdisk. It wil\n-00029920: 6c20 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 l be available i\n-00029930: 6e20 4f53 2061 730a 2020 2020 206d 6430 n OS as. md0\n-00029940: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n-00029950: 7265 7375 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 resume... - Load\n-00029960: 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 6f66 2068 6962 an image of hib\n-00029970: 6572 6e61 7465 6420 584e 552e 0a20 2020 ernated XNU.. \n-00029980: e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f73 706c 6173 ... ...xnu_splas\n-00029990: 68e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 7370 h... - Load a sp\n-000299a0: 6c61 7368 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2058 lash image for X\n-000299b0: 4e55 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 NU...* Menu:..* \n-000299c0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 chainloader:: \n-000299d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 Ch\n-000299e0: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 ain-load another\n-000299f0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a 2069 boot loader.* i\n-00029a00: 6e69 7472 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nitrd:: \n-00029a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n-00029a20: 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 d a Linux initrd\n-00029a30: 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a20 2020 .* initrd16:: \n+00029270: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6573 ==========..Thes\n+00029280: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2075 e commands are u\n+00029290: 7365 6420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6e65 6365 sed to load nece\n+000292a0: 7373 6172 7920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 ssary components\n+000292b0: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2064 6573 6972 6564 to boot desired\n+000292c0: 204f 532e 0a4d 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 OS..Many of the\n+000292d0: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 loader commands\n+000292e0: 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 7566 6669 6369 are not suffici\n+000292f0: 656e 746c 7920 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 ently documented\n+00029300: 2e20 2054 6865 0a66 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 . The.following\n+00029310: 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f is a list of co\n+00029320: 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 636f 756c mmands that coul\n+00029330: 6420 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6f63 756d d use more docum\n+00029340: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 entation:.. ..\n+00029350: a220 e280 9861 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 . ...appleloader\n+00029360: e280 9920 2d20 426f 6f74 2042 494f 532d ... - Boot BIOS-\n+00029370: 6261 7365 6420 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 based system.. \n+00029380: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 ... ...freedos.\n+00029390: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 444f .. - Load FreeDO\n+000293a0: 5320 6b65 726e 656c 2e73 7973 2e0a 2020 S kernel.sys.. \n+000293b0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 ... ...kfreebsd\n+000293c0: 5f6c 6f61 6465 6e76 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f _loadenv... - Lo\n+000293d0: 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 2065 6e76 2e0a ad FreeBSD env..\n+000293e0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 ... ...kfreeb\n+000293f0: 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 sd_module_elf...\n+00029400: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 4253 4420 - Load FreeBSD \n+00029410: 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2845 kernel module (E\n+00029420: 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b LF).. ... ...k\n+00029430: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 freebsd_module..\n+00029440: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 . - Load FreeBSD\n+00029450: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a kernel module..\n+00029460: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 ... ...kfreeb\n+00029470: 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 sd... - Load ker\n+00029480: 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2e0a nel of FreeBSD..\n+00029490: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 ... ...knetbs\n+000294a0: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 9920 d_module_elf... \n+000294b0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 - Load NetBSD ke\n+000294c0: 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2845 4c46 rnel module (ELF\n+000294d0: 292e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6e65 ).. ... ...kne\n+000294e0: 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 202d tbsd_module... -\n+000294f0: 204c 6f61 6420 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 Load NetBSD ker\n+00029500: 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 nel module.. .\n+00029510: 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 .. ...knetbsd...\n+00029520: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f - Load kernel o\n+00029530: 6620 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 f NetBSD.. ...\n+00029540: 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 e280 9920 ...kopenbsd... \n+00029550: 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 - Load kernel of\n+00029560: 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 OpenBSD.. ...\n+00029570: 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 5f72 616d ...kopenbsd_ram\n+00029580: 6469 736b e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b disk... - Load k\n+00029590: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e OpenBSD ramdisk.\n+000295a0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 . ... ...legac\n+000295b0: 795f 696e 6974 7264 5f6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 y_initrd_nounzip\n+000295c0: e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 ... - Simulate g\n+000295d0: 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 6d6f 6475 rub-legacy 'modu\n+000295e0: 6c65 6e6f 756e 7a69 7027 0a20 2020 2020 lenounzip'. \n+000295f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 command. ... .\n+00029600: 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f69 6e69 7472 64e2 ..legacy_initrd.\n+00029610: 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 .. - Simulate gr\n+00029620: 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2769 6e69 7472 ub-legacy 'initr\n+00029630: 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 d' command. ..\n+00029640: a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 6b65 726e . ...legacy_kern\n+00029650: 656c e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 el... - Simulate\n+00029660: 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 6b65 grub-legacy 'ke\n+00029670: 726e 656c 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 rnel' command. \n+00029680: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 32e2 ... ...module2.\n+00029690: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 .. - Load a mult\n+000296a0: 6962 6f6f 7420 3220 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a iboot 2 module..\n+000296b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 ... ...module\n+000296c0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c ... - Load a mul\n+000296d0: 7469 626f 6f74 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 tiboot module.. \n+000296e0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 756c 7469 626f ... ...multibo\n+000296f0: 6f74 32e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 ot2... - Load a \n+00029700: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 3220 6b65 726e multiboot 2 kern\n+00029710: 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d75 el.. ... ...mu\n+00029720: 6c74 6962 6f6f 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 ltiboot... - Loa\n+00029730: 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 d a multiboot ke\n+00029740: 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 rnel.. ... ...\n+00029750: 6e74 6c64 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 ntldr... - Load \n+00029760: 4e54 4c44 5220 6f72 2042 6f6f 744d 4752 NTLDR or BootMGR\n+00029770: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 706c 616e .. ... ...plan\n+00029780: 39e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 506c 616e 9... - Load Plan\n+00029790: 3920 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 9 kernel.. ...\n+000297a0: 20e2 8098 7078 6563 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 ...pxechainload\n+000297b0: 6572 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 2050 er... - Load a P\n+000297c0: 5845 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 XE image.. ...\n+000297d0: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 ...truecrypt...\n+000297e0: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 5472 7565 6372 7970 - Load Truecryp\n+000297f0: 7420 4953 4f2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 t ISO.. ... ..\n+00029800: 9878 6e75 5f6b 6572 6e65 6c36 34e2 8099 .xnu_kernel64...\n+00029810: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2058 - Load 64-bit X\n+00029820: 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 NU image.. ...\n+00029830: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 726e 656c e280 ...xnu_kernel..\n+00029840: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 . - Load XNU ima\n+00029850: 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e ge.. ... ...xn\n+00029860: 755f 6b65 7874 6469 72e2 8099 202d 204c u_kextdir... - L\n+00029870: 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f oad XNU extensio\n+00029880: 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 0a20 2020 n directory.. \n+00029890: e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6578 74e2 ... ...xnu_kext.\n+000298a0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 .. - Load XNU ex\n+000298b0: 7465 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 tension.. ... \n+000298c0: e280 9878 6e75 5f6d 6b65 7874 e280 9920 ...xnu_mkext... \n+000298d0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2065 7874 656e - Load XNU exten\n+000298e0: 7369 6f6e 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2e0a 2020 sion package.. \n+000298f0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 ... ...xnu_ramd\n+00029900: 6973 6be2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e isk... - Load XN\n+00029910: 5520 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e 2020 4974 2077 U ramdisk. It w\n+00029920: 696c 6c20 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ill be available\n+00029930: 2069 6e20 4f53 2061 730a 2020 2020 206d in OS as. m\n+00029940: 6430 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e d0.. ... ...xn\n+00029950: 755f 7265 7375 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f u_resume... - Lo\n+00029960: 6164 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 6f66 2068 ad an image of h\n+00029970: 6962 6572 6e61 7465 6420 584e 552e 0a20 ibernated XNU.. \n+00029980: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f73 706c ... ...xnu_spl\n+00029990: 6173 68e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 ash... - Load a \n+000299a0: 7370 6c61 7368 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 splash image for\n+000299b0: 2058 4e55 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a XNU...* Menu:..\n+000299c0: 2a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 * chainloader:: \n+000299d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000299e0: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 Chain-load anoth\n+000299f0: 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a er boot loader.*\n+00029a00: 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 initrd:: \n+00029a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+00029a20: 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 oad a Linux init\n+00029a30: 7264 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a20 rd.* initrd16:: \n 00029a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029a50: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e Load a Linux in\n-00029a60: 6974 7264 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 itrd (16-bit mod\n-00029a70: 6529 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2020 2020 e).* linux:: \n+00029a50: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 Load a Linux \n+00029a60: 696e 6974 7264 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d initrd (16-bit m\n+00029a70: 6f64 6529 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2020 ode).* linux:: \n 00029a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029a90: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 Load a Linux \n-00029aa0: 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3136 kernel.* linux16\n-00029ab0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00029ac0: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 Load a Li\n-00029ad0: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2028 3136 2d62 nux kernel (16-b\n-00029ae0: 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a 2078 656e 5f68 it mode).* xen_h\n-00029af0: 7970 6572 7669 736f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 ypervisor:: \n-00029b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7865 Load xe\n-00029b10: 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2062 696e n hypervisor bin\n-00029b20: 6172 7920 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 ary (only on AAr\n-00029b30: 6368 3634 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 ch64).* xen_modu\n-00029b40: 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le:: \n-00029b50: 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2078 656e 206d Load xen m\n-00029b60: 6f64 756c 6573 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 odules for xen h\n-00029b70: 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 286f 6e6c 7920 ypervisor (only \n-00029b80: 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 290a 0a1f 0a46 on AArch64)....F\n-00029b90: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00029ba0: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 Node: chainload\n-00029bb0: 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 7472 er, Next: initr\n-00029bc0: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 d, Up: Loader c\n-00029bd0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3120 ommands..17.2.1 \n-00029be0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 720a 2d2d 2d2d chainloader.----\n-00029bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00029c00: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6861 -- Command: cha\n-00029c10: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 205b 2d2d 666f 7263 inloader [--forc\n-00029c20: 655d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 732e 2e2e e] file [args...\n-00029c30: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 ]. Load FILE\n-00029c40: 2061 7320 6120 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 as a chain-load\n-00029c50: 6572 2e20 204c 696b 6520 616e 7920 6f74 er. Like any ot\n-00029c60: 6865 7220 6669 6c65 206c 6f61 6465 6420 her file loaded \n-00029c70: 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 by the. file\n-00029c80: 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f64 652c 2069 7420 system code, it \n-00029c90: 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 6520 626c 6f63 can use the bloc\n-00029ca0: 6b6c 6973 7420 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2028 klist notation (\n-00029cb0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 *note Block. \n-00029cc0: 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 list syntax::) \n-00029cd0: 746f 2067 7261 6220 7468 6520 6669 7273 to grab the firs\n-00029ce0: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 t sector of the \n-00029cf0: 6375 7272 656e 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f current partitio\n-00029d00: 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 e280 982b n. with ...+\n-00029d10: 31e2 8099 2e20 204f 6e20 4546 4920 706c 1.... On EFI pl\n-00029d20: 6174 666f 726d 732c 2061 6e79 2061 7267 atforms, any arg\n-00029d30: 756d 656e 7473 2061 6674 6572 2046 494c uments after FIL\n-00029d40: 4520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6e74 0a20 E will be sent. \n-00029d50: 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 to the loade\n-00029d60: 6420 696d 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 d image... I\n-00029d70: 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 f you specify th\n-00029d80: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 666f e option ...--fo\n-00029d90: 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 rce..., then loa\n-00029da0: 6420 4649 4c45 2066 6f72 6369 626c 792c d FILE forcibly,\n-00029db0: 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6574 6865 7220 6974 . whether it\n-00029dc0: 2068 6173 2061 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2073 has a correct s\n-00029dd0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 206f 7220 6e6f 742e ignature or not.\n-00029de0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 This is requir\n-00029df0: 6564 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 ed when. you\n-00029e00: 2077 616e 7420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6120 want to load a \n-00029e10: 6465 6665 6374 6976 6520 626f 6f74 206c defective boot l\n-00029e20: 6f61 6465 722c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2053 oader, such as S\n-00029e30: 434f 2055 6e69 7857 6172 6520 372e 312e CO UnixWare 7.1.\n-00029e40: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00029e50: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 nfo, Node: init\n-00029e60: 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 7472 rd, Next: initr\n-00029e70: 6431 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6169 d16, Prev: chai\n-00029e80: 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f nloader, Up: Lo\n-00029e90: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ader commands..1\n-00029ea0: 372e 322e 3220 696e 6974 7264 0a2d 2d2d 7.2.2 initrd.---\n-00029eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00029ec0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6420 Command: initrd \n-00029ed0: 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a file [file ...].\n-00029ee0: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 Load, in or\n-00029ef0: 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 der, all initrds\n-00029f00: 2066 6f72 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 for a Linux ker\n-00029f10: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2073 nel image, and s\n-00029f20: 6574 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7072 et the. appr\n-00029f30: 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 opriate paramete\n-00029f40: 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 rs in the Linux \n-00029f50: 7365 7475 7020 6172 6561 2069 6e20 6d65 setup area in me\n-00029f60: 6d6f 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 790a mory. This may.\n-00029f70: 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 only be use\n-00029f80: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 e280 986c d after the ...l\n-00029f90: 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 inux... command \n-00029fa0: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2920 (*note linux::) \n-00029fb0: 6861 7320 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7275 has been. ru\n-00029fc0: 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e n. See *note GN\n-00029fd0: 552f 4c69 6e75 783a 3a20 666f 7220 6d6f U/Linux:: for mo\n-00029fe0: 7265 2069 6e66 6f20 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 re info on booti\n-00029ff0: 6e67 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2e0a 2020 ng GNU/Linux.. \n-0002a000: 2020 2046 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f For more info\n-0002a010: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 6e69 7472 rmation on initr\n-0002a020: 6473 2073 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2f4c ds see the GNU/L\n-0002a030: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 inux kernel. \n-0002a040: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 documentation. \n-0002a050: 2020 2020 2868 7474 7073 3a2f 2f64 6f63 (https://doc\n-0002a060: 732e 6b65 726e 656c 2e6f 7267 2f66 696c s.kernel.org/fil\n-0002a070: 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2f72 616d 6673 2d72 esystems/ramfs-r\n-0002a080: 6f6f 7466 732d 696e 6974 7261 6d66 732e ootfs-initramfs.\n-0002a090: 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 206e html)... A n\n-0002a0a0: 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2069 6e69 7472 6420 ew-style initrd \n-0002a0b0: 2866 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206e 6577 (for kernels new\n-0002a0c0: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 322e 3629 2063 6f6e er than 2.6) con\n-0002a0d0: 7461 696e 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 6669 6c65 taining one file\n-0002a0e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 206c 6561 6469 . with leadi\n-0002a0f0: 6e67 2070 6174 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ng path componen\n-0002a100: 7473 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 2067 ts can also be g\n-0002a110: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7420 7275 6e20 enerated at run \n-0002a120: 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 time.. This \n-0002a130: 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 2070 can be done by p\n-0002a140: 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2061 6e20 6172 6775 refixing an argu\n-0002a150: 6d65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 e280 986e 6577 ment with ...new\n-0002a160: 633a e280 9920 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 c:... followed b\n-0002a170: 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 y. the path \n-0002a180: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 696e 2074 of the file in t\n-0002a190: 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2061 he new initrd, a\n-0002a1a0: 20e2 8098 3ae2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7468 ...:..., and th\n-0002a1b0: 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 en the GRUB. \n-0002a1c0: 2066 696c 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 7468 file path to th\n-0002a1d0: 6520 6669 6c65 2064 6174 6120 746f 2062 e file data to b\n-0002a1e0: 6520 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 642e 0a0a e be included...\n-0002a1f0: 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 For example\n-0002a200: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 :. init\n-0002a210: 7264 206e 6577 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 rd newc:/etc/ssh\n-0002a220: 2f63 6f6e 6669 673a 2868 6430 2c32 292f /config:(hd0,2)/\n-0002a230: 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 2e73 7368 2f63 home/user/.ssh/c\n-0002a240: 6f6e 6669 6720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 onfig \\. \n-0002a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 633a 2f65 newc:/e\n-0002a260: 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f tc/ssh/ssh_host_\n-0002a270: 7273 615f 6b65 793a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 rsa_key:/etc/ssh\n-0002a280: 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 /ssh_host_rsa_ke\n-0002a290: 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y \\. \n-0002a2a0: 2020 2020 202f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 /boot/initr\n-0002a2b0: 642e 677a 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d.gz \\. \n-0002a2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 7763 3a2f 696e newc:/in\n-0002a2d0: 6974 3a2f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 696e it:/home/user/in\n-0002a2e0: 6974 2e66 6978 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 it.fixed.. T\n-0002a2f0: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c his command will\n-0002a300: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 7477 6f20 6e65 generate two ne\n-0002a310: 772d 7374 796c 6520 696e 6974 7264 7320 w-style initrds \n-0002a320: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6c79 2e20 2054 6865 on the fly. The\n-0002a330: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 636f 6e74 . first cont\n-0002a340: 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 e280 ains the path ..\n-0002a350: 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 ./etc/ssh/config\n-0002a360: e280 9920 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6e ... with the con\n-0002a370: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 tents of. ..\n-0002a380: 9828 6864 302c 3229 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 .(hd0,2)/home/us\n-0002a390: 6572 2f2e 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 e280 er/.ssh/config..\n-0002a3a0: 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7061 7468 0a20 . and the path. \n-0002a3b0: 2020 2020 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f .../etc/ssh/\n-0002a3c0: 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 ssh_host_rsa_key\n-0002a3d0: e280 9920 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6e ... with the con\n-0002a3e0: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 tents of. ..\n-0002a3f0: 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f ./etc/ssh/ssh_ho\n-0002a400: 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 6f6e st_rsa_key... on\n-0002a410: 2074 6865 2052 4f4f 5420 6465 7669 6365 the ROOT device\n-0002a420: 2e20 2050 6172 656e 7420 6469 7265 6374 . Parent direct\n-0002a430: 6f72 790a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6873 2077 ory. paths w\n-0002a440: 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c ill automaticall\n-0002a450: 7920 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 y be generated a\n-0002a460: 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 s needed. This \n-0002a470: 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 2067 656e 6572 first. gener\n-0002a480: 6174 6564 2069 6e69 7472 6420 7769 6c6c ated initrd will\n-0002a490: 2074 6865 6e20 6861 7665 20e2 8098 2f62 then have .../b\n-0002a4a0: 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 7264 2e67 7ae2 8099 oot/initrd.gz...\n-0002a4b0: 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7465 640a 2020 concatenated. \n-0002a4c0: 2020 2061 6674 6572 2069 742e 2020 4e65 after it. Ne\n-0002a4d0: 7874 2c20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 772d xt, another new-\n-0002a4e0: 7374 796c 6520 6172 6368 6976 6520 7769 style archive wi\n-0002a4f0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 ll be generated \n-0002a500: 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f with. the co\n-0002a510: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 e280 982f 686f ntents of .../ho\n-0002a520: 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 696e 6974 2e66 6978 me/user/init.fix\n-0002a530: 6564 e280 9920 696e 2074 6865 2070 6174 ed... in the pat\n-0002a540: 6820 e280 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 616e h .../init... an\n-0002a550: 640a 2020 2020 2061 7070 656e 6465 6420 d. appended \n-0002a560: 746f 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 to the previous \n-0002a570: 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 concatenation. \n-0002a580: 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 2072 6573 Finally, the res\n-0002a590: 756c 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6265 ult will. be\n-0002a5a0: 2073 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 sent to the ker\n-0002a5b0: 6e65 6c20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 642e nel when booted.\n-0002a5c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 204b 6565 7020 696e 206d .. Keep in m\n-0002a5d0: 696e 6420 7468 6174 2070 6174 6873 2074 ind that paths t\n-0002a5e0: 6861 7420 636f 6d65 206c 6174 6572 2077 hat come later w\n-0002a5f0: 696c 6c20 7461 6b65 2070 7265 6365 6465 ill take precede\n-0002a600: 6e63 652e 2020 536f 0a20 2020 2020 696e nce. So. in\n-0002a610: 2074 6865 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2061 626f the example abo\n-0002a620: 7665 2c20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 ve, the generate\n-0002a630: 6420 7061 7468 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 d path .../init.\n-0002a640: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 7772 6974 .. will overwrit\n-0002a650: 6520 616e 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f69 e any. .../i\n-0002a660: 6e69 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f nit... in .../bo\n-0002a670: 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a e280 992e ot/initrd.gz....\n-0002a680: 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 This can be us\n-0002a690: 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6368 616e 6769 eful when changi\n-0002a6a0: 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 696e ng the. main\n-0002a6b0: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6973 2075 6e64 6573 initrd is undes\n-0002a6c0: 6972 6162 6c65 206f 7220 6469 6666 6963 irable or diffic\n-0002a6d0: 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ult.....File: gr\n-0002a6e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002a6f0: 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 204e 6578 743a initrd16, Next:\n-0002a700: 206c 696e 7578 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 linux, Prev: i\n-0002a710: 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 nitrd, Up: Load\n-0002a720: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e er commands..17.\n-0002a730: 322e 3320 696e 6974 7264 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2.3 initrd16.---\n-0002a740: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002a750: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 - Command: initr\n-0002a760: 6431 3620 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e d16 file [file .\n-0002a770: 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 ..]. Load, i\n-0002a780: 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 n order, all ini\n-0002a790: 7472 6473 2066 6f72 2061 204c 696e 7578 trds for a Linux\n-0002a7a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 746f kernel image to\n-0002a7b0: 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 0a20 2020 2020 be booted. \n-0002a7c0: 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 2c20 in 16-bit mode, \n-0002a7d0: 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 6170 7072 and set the appr\n-0002a7e0: 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 opriate paramete\n-0002a7f0: 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 780a rs in the Linux.\n-0002a800: 2020 2020 2073 6574 7570 2061 7265 6120 setup area \n-0002a810: 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5468 6973 in memory. This\n-0002a820: 206d 6179 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 may only be use\n-0002a830: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 e280 986c d after the ...l\n-0002a840: 696e 7578 3136 e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 inux16.... c\n-0002a850: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 ommand (*note li\n-0002a860: 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 nux16::) has bee\n-0002a870: 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f n run. See also\n-0002a880: 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 *note GNU/Linux\n-0002a890: 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 ::. and the \n-0002a8a0: e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d ...initrd... com\n-0002a8b0: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 mand (*note init\n-0002a8c0: 7264 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 rd::) for more d\n-0002a8d0: 6574 6169 6c73 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 etails on. a\n-0002a8e0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 rguments... \n-0002a8f0: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n-0002a900: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f only available o\n-0002a910: 6e20 7468 6520 7063 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 n the pc platfor\n-0002a920: 6d20 666f 7220 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d m for x86 system\n-0002a930: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-0002a940: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .info, Node: li\n-0002a950: 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 nux, Next: linu\n-0002a960: 7831 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e 6974 x16, Prev: init\n-0002a970: 7264 3136 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 rd16, Up: Loade\n-0002a980: 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 r commands..17.2\n-0002a990: 2e34 206c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .4 linux.-------\n-0002a9a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002a9b0: 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 7820 6669 6c65 202e nd: linux file .\n-0002a9c0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c ... Load a L\n-0002a9d0: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 inux kernel imag\n-0002a9e0: 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 e from FILE. Th\n-0002a9f0: 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 e rest of the li\n-0002aa00: 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 ne is. passe\n-0002aa10: 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 d verbatim as th\n-0002aa20: 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d e ...kernel comm\n-0002aa30: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e and-line.... An\n-0002aa40: 7920 696e 6974 7264 206d 7573 7420 6265 y initrd must be\n-0002aa50: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 . reloaded a\n-0002aa60: 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 fter using this \n-0002aa70: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 command (*note i\n-0002aa80: 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 nitrd::)... \n-0002aa90: 4f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 On x86 systems, \n-0002aaa0: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c 6c20 the kernel will \n-0002aab0: 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 be booted using \n-0002aac0: 7468 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f 740a the 32-bit boot.\n-0002aad0: 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 protocol. \n-0002aae0: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 206d Note that this m\n-0002aaf0: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 e280 eans that the ..\n-0002ab00: 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 .vga=... boot op\n-0002ab10: 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 206e tion will. n\n-0002ab20: 6f74 2077 6f72 6b3b 2069 6620 796f 7520 ot work; if you \n-0002ab30: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7370 want to set a sp\n-0002ab40: 6563 6961 6c20 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 ecial video mode\n-0002ab50: 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 , you will need \n-0002ab60: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 4752 5542 to. use GRUB\n-0002ab70: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 commands such a\n-0002ab80: 7320 e280 9873 6574 2067 6678 7061 796c s ...set gfxpayl\n-0002ab90: 6f61 643d 3130 3234 7837 3638 e280 9920 oad=1024x768... \n-0002aba0: 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 740a 2020 2020 2067 or ...set. g\n-0002abb0: 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643d 6b65 6570 e280 fxpayload=keep..\n-0002abc0: 9920 2874 6f20 6b65 6570 2074 6865 2073 . (to keep the s\n-0002abd0: 616d 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 7573 6564 ame mode as used\n-0002abe0: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2920 696e 7374 6561 in GRUB) instea\n-0002abf0: 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e d.. GRUB can\n-0002ac00: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 automatically d\n-0002ac10: 6574 6563 7420 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7320 etect some uses \n-0002ac20: 6f66 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 616e of ...vga=... an\n-0002ac30: 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 650a 2020 2020 d translate. \n-0002ac40: 2074 6865 6d20 746f 2061 7070 726f 7072 them to appropr\n-0002ac50: 6961 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 7320 6f66 iate settings of\n-0002ac60: 20e2 8098 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 e280 ...gfxpayload..\n-0002ac70: 992e 2020 5468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 .. The ...linux\n-0002ac80: 3136 e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 16.... comma\n-0002ac90: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 nd (*note linux1\n-0002aca0: 363a 3a29 2061 766f 6964 7320 7468 6973 6::) avoids this\n-0002acb0: 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f restriction....\n-0002acc0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002acd0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 3136 , Node: linux16\n-0002ace0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 , Next: xen_hyp\n-0002acf0: 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ervisor, Prev: \n-0002ad00: 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 linux, Up: Load\n-0002ad10: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e er commands..17.\n-0002ad20: 322e 3520 6c69 6e75 7831 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2.5 linux16.----\n-0002ad30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002ad40: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 696e 7578 3136 Command: linux16\n-0002ad50: 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c file .... L\n-0002ad60: 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e oad a Linux kern\n-0002ad70: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 el image from FI\n-0002ad80: 4c45 2069 6e20 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 LE in 16-bit mod\n-0002ad90: 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 660a e. The rest of.\n-0002ada0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 the line is\n-0002adb0: 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d passed verbatim\n-0002adc0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 as the ...kerne\n-0002add0: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 l command-line..\n-0002ade0: 9d2e 2020 416e 790a 2020 2020 2069 6e69 .. Any. ini\n-0002adf0: 7472 6420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7265 6c6f trd must be relo\n-0002ae00: 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 aded after using\n-0002ae10: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a this command (*\n-0002ae20: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 note. initrd\n-0002ae30: 3136 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 16::)... The\n-0002ae40: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 kernel will be \n-0002ae50: 626f 6f74 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 booted using the\n-0002ae60: 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2031 362d traditional 16-\n-0002ae70: 6269 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7072 bit boot. pr\n-0002ae80: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2041 7320 7765 6c6c otocol. As well\n-0002ae90: 2061 7320 6279 7061 7373 696e 6720 7072 as bypassing pr\n-0002aea0: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 e280 9876 oblems with ...v\n-0002aeb0: 6761 3de2 8099 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 ga=... described\n-0002aec0: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 202a 6e6f 7465 206c in. *note l\n-0002aed0: 696e 7578 3a3a 2c20 7468 6973 2070 6572 inux::, this per\n-0002aee0: 6d69 7473 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d mits booting som\n-0002aef0: 6520 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6f67 7261 6d73 e other programs\n-0002af00: 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2069 6d70 6c65 that. imple\n-0002af10: 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 2062 ment the Linux b\n-0002af20: 6f6f 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2066 6f72 oot protocol for\n-0002af30: 2074 6865 2073 616b 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e the sake of con\n-0002af40: 7665 6e69 656e 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 venience... \n-0002af50: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n-0002af60: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f only available o\n-0002af70: 6e20 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a n x86 systems...\n-0002af80: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002af90: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 o, Node: xen_hy\n-0002afa0: 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 743a pervisor, Next:\n-0002afb0: 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5072 xen_module, Pr\n-0002afc0: 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5570 ev: linux16, Up\n-0002afd0: 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 : Loader command\n-0002afe0: 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3620 7865 6e5f 6879 s..17.2.6 xen_hy\n-0002aff0: 7065 7276 6973 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d pervisor.-------\n-0002b000: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0002b010: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e -- Command: xen\n-0002b020: 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 6669 6c65 _hypervisor file\n-0002b030: 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 202e 2e2e [arguments] ...\n-0002b040: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2058 656e . Load a Xen\n-0002b050: 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 6269 6e61 hypervisor bina\n-0002b060: 7279 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 ry from FILE. T\n-0002b070: 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c he rest of the l\n-0002b080: 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 ine is. pass\n-0002b090: 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 ed verbatim as t\n-0002b0a0: 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d he ...kernel com\n-0002b0b0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 mand-line.... A\n-0002b0c0: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 696e 6172 6965 ny other binarie\n-0002b0d0: 730a 2020 2020 206d 7573 7420 6265 2072 s. must be r\n-0002b0e0: 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 eloaded after us\n-0002b0f0: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ing this command\n-0002b100: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . This command \n-0002b110: 6973 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 7661 is only. ava\n-0002b120: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 ilable on AArch6\n-0002b130: 3420 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 4 systems.....Fi\n-0002b140: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002b150: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 Node: xen_module\n-0002b160: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 , Prev: xen_hyp\n-0002b170: 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f ervisor, Up: Lo\n-0002b180: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ader commands..1\n-0002b190: 372e 322e 3720 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 7.2.7 xen_module\n-0002b1a0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0002b1b0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002b1c0: 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e xen_module [--n\n-0002b1d0: 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 ounzip] file [ar\n-0002b1e0: 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f guments]. Lo\n-0002b1f0: 6164 2061 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 ad a module for \n-0002b200: 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2061 xen hypervisor a\n-0002b210: 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7072 t the booting pr\n-0002b220: 6f63 6573 7320 6f66 2078 656e 2e0a 2020 ocess of xen.. \n-0002b230: 2020 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 The rest of t\n-0002b240: 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 7365 he line is passe\n-0002b250: 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 d verbatim as th\n-0002b260: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e module command\n-0002b270: 206c 696e 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6475 line.. Modu\n-0002b280: 6c65 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6c6f les should be lo\n-0002b290: 6164 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c aded in the foll\n-0002b2a0: 6f77 696e 6720 6f72 6465 723a 202d 2064 owing order: - d\n-0002b2b0: 6f6d 3020 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 om0 kernel. \n-0002b2c0: 696d 6167 6520 2d20 646f 6d30 2072 616d image - dom0 ram\n-0002b2d0: 6469 736b 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e 7420 disk if present \n-0002b2e0: 2d20 5853 4d20 706f 6c69 6379 2069 6620 - XSM policy if \n-0002b2f0: 7072 6573 656e 7420 5468 6973 0a20 2020 present This. \n-0002b300: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c command is onl\n-0002b310: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2041 y available on A\n-0002b320: 4172 6368 3634 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a Arch64 systems..\n-0002b330: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002b340: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 fo, Node: Gener\n-0002b350: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 al commands, Ne\n-0002b360: 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 xt: Command-line\n-0002b370: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 commands, Prev\n-0002b380: 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 : Loader command\n-0002b390: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 s, Up: Commands\n-0002b3a0: 0a0a 3137 2e33 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 ..17.3 General c\n-0002b3b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ommands.========\n-0002b3c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 =============..C\n-0002b3d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7573 6162 6c65 2061 ommands usable a\n-0002b3e0: 6e79 7768 6572 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d nywhere in the m\n-0002b3f0: 656e 7520 616e 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 enu and in the c\n-0002b400: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2a20 ommand-line...* \n-0002b410: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a Menu:..* serial:\n-0002b420: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002b430: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2075 7020 6120 Set up a \n-0002b440: 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 650a 2a20 serial device.* \n-0002b450: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a terminal_input::\n-0002b460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 Ma\n-0002b470: 6e61 6765 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 nage input termi\n-0002b480: 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f nals.* terminal_\n-0002b490: 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 output:: \n-0002b4a0: 2020 2020 204d 616e 6167 6520 6f75 7470 Manage outp\n-0002b4b0: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 ut terminals.* t\n-0002b4c0: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 erminfo:: \n-0002b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6566 Def\n-0002b4e0: 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 ine terminal typ\n-0002b4f0: 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e e....File: grub.\n-0002b500: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6572 info, Node: ser\n-0002b510: 6961 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d ial, Next: term\n-0002b520: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 703a inal_input, Up:\n-0002b530: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n-0002b540: 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3120 7365 7269 616c s..17.3.1 serial\n-0002b550: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n-0002b560: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6572 -- Command: ser\n-0002b570: 6961 6c20 5b2d 2d75 6e69 743d 756e 6974 ial [--unit=unit\n-0002b580: 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6f72 743d 706f 7274 5d20 ] [--port=port] \n-0002b590: 5b2d 2d73 7065 6564 3d73 7065 6564 5d0a [--speed=speed].\n-0002b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d77 6f72 [--wor\n-0002b5b0: 643d 776f 7264 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6172 6974 d=word] [--parit\n-0002b5c0: 793d 7061 7269 7479 5d20 5b2d 2d73 746f y=parity] [--sto\n-0002b5d0: 703d 7374 6f70 5d0a 2020 2020 2049 6e69 p=stop]. Ini\n-0002b5e0: 7469 616c 697a 6520 6120 7365 7269 616c tialize a serial\n-0002b5f0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 554e 4954 2069 device. UNIT i\n-0002b600: 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 7468 s a number in th\n-0002b610: 6520 7261 6e67 6520 302d 330a 2020 2020 e range 0-3. \n-0002b620: 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7768 6963 specifying whic\n-0002b630: 6820 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 746f h serial port to\n-0002b640: 2075 7365 3b20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 use; default is\n-0002b650: 2030 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 2063 0, which. c\n-0002b660: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7468 orresponds to th\n-0002b670: 6520 706f 7274 206f 6674 656e 2063 616c e port often cal\n-0002b680: 6c65 6420 434f 4d31 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 led COM1... \n-0002b690: 504f 5254 2069 7320 7468 6520 492f 4f20 PORT is the I/O \n-0002b6a0: 706f 7274 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2055 port where the U\n-0002b6b0: 4152 5420 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6f75 ART is to be fou\n-0002b6c0: 6e64 206f 722c 2069 6620 7072 6566 6978 nd or, if prefix\n-0002b6d0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 20e2 8098 ed. with ...\n-0002b6e0: 6d6d 696f 2ce2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4d4d mmio,..., the MM\n-0002b6f0: 494f 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 7468 IO address of th\n-0002b700: 6520 5541 5254 2e20 4966 2073 7065 6369 e UART. If speci\n-0002b710: 6669 6564 2069 7420 7461 6b65 730a 2020 fied it takes. \n-0002b720: 2020 2070 7265 6365 6465 6e63 6520 6f76 precedence ov\n-0002b730: 6572 2055 4e49 542e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 er UNIT... A\n-0002b740: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2061 6e20 dditionally, an \n-0002b750: 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 616e MMIO address can\n-0002b760: 2062 6520 7375 6666 6978 6564 2077 6974 be suffixed wit\n-0002b770: 683a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 h:. ... .\n-0002b780: 8098 2e62 e280 9920 666f 7220 6279 7465 ...b... for byte\n-0002b790: 7320 6163 6365 7373 2028 6465 6661 756c s access (defaul\n-0002b7a0: 7429 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 t). ... .\n-0002b7b0: 8098 2e77 e280 9920 666f 7220 3136 2d62 ...w... for 16-b\n-0002b7c0: 6974 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 0a20 it word access. \n-0002b7d0: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e6c ... ....l\n-0002b7e0: e280 9920 666f 7220 3332 2d62 6974 206c ... for 32-bit l\n-0002b7f0: 6f6e 6720 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 7320 ong word access \n-0002b800: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 or. ... .\n-0002b810: 8098 2e71 e280 9920 666f 7220 3634 2d62 ...q... for 64-b\n-0002b820: 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 it long long wor\n-0002b830: 6420 6163 6365 7373 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 d access.. A\n-0002b840: 6c73 6f2c 2050 4f52 5420 6361 6e20 6265 lso, PORT can be\n-0002b850: 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d 20e2 8098 of the form ...\n-0002b860: 7063 692c 5858 3a58 582e 58e2 8099 2074 pci,XX:XX.X... t\n-0002b870: 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2061 2073 6572 o indicate a ser\n-0002b880: 6961 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 ial. device \n-0002b890: 6578 706f 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2050 exposed on the P\n-0002b8a0: 4349 2062 7573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5350 CI bus... SP\n-0002b8b0: 4545 4420 6973 2074 6865 2074 7261 6e73 EED is the trans\n-0002b8c0: 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 7370 6565 643b 2064 mission speed; d\n-0002b8d0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3936 3030 2e20 efault is 9600. \n-0002b8e0: 2057 4f52 4420 616e 6420 5354 4f50 0a20 WORD and STOP. \n-0002b8f0: 2020 2020 6172 6520 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 are the numb\n-0002b900: 6572 206f 6620 6461 7461 2062 6974 7320 er of data bits \n-0002b910: 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 732e 2020 and stop bits. \n-0002b920: 4461 7461 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 2062 Data bits must b\n-0002b930: 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7261 e in. the ra\n-0002b940: 6e67 6520 352d 3820 616e 6420 7374 6f70 nge 5-8 and stop\n-0002b950: 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 3120 bits must be 1 \n-0002b960: 6f72 2032 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 or 2. Default i\n-0002b970: 7320 3820 6461 7461 2062 6974 730a 2020 s 8 data bits. \n-0002b980: 2020 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 2073 746f 7020 and one stop \n-0002b990: 6269 742e 2020 5041 5249 5459 2069 7320 bit. PARITY is \n-0002b9a0: 6f6e 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 6e6f e280 992c one of ...no...,\n-0002b9b0: 20e2 8098 6f64 64e2 8099 2c20 e280 9865 ...odd..., ...e\n-0002b9c0: 7665 6ee2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 ven... and. \n-0002b9d0: 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 e280 986e defaults to ...n\n-0002b9e0: 6fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 o...... The \n-0002b9f0: 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 206e serial port is n\n-0002ba00: 6f74 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 2063 6f6d ot used as a com\n-0002ba10: 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 6e6e munication chann\n-0002ba20: 656c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 650a 2020 el unless the. \n-0002ba30: 2020 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 ...terminal_i\n-0002ba40: 6e70 7574 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7465 nput... or ...te\n-0002ba50: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 rminal_output...\n-0002ba60: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7573 6564 command is used\n-0002ba70: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 6572 (*note. ter\n-0002ba80: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 3a2c 202a minal_input::, *\n-0002ba90: 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 note terminal_ou\n-0002baa0: 7470 7574 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e tput::)... N\n-0002bab0: 6f74 652c 2076 616c 6964 2050 4f52 5420 ote, valid PORT \n-0002bac0: 7661 6c75 6573 2c20 6578 636c 7564 696e values, excludin\n-0002bad0: 6720 494f 2070 6f72 7420 6164 6472 6573 g IO port addres\n-0002bae0: 7365 732c 2063 616e 2062 6520 666f 756e ses, can be foun\n-0002baf0: 640a 2020 2020 2062 7920 6c69 7374 696e d. by listin\n-0002bb00: 6720 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 7769 7468 g terminals with\n-0002bb10: 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 ...terminal_out\n-0002bb20: 7075 74e2 8099 2c20 7365 6c65 6374 696e put..., selectin\n-0002bb30: 6720 616c 6c20 6e61 6d65 730a 2020 2020 g all names. \n-0002bb40: 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 6279 20e2 8098 prefixed by ...\n-0002bb50: 7365 7269 616c 5fe2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 serial_... and r\n-0002bb60: 656d 6f76 696e 6720 7468 6174 2070 7265 emoving that pre\n-0002bb70: 6669 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7861 6d70 fix... Examp\n-0002bb80: 6c65 733a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 les:. s\n-0002bb90: 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d30 7833 erial --port=0x3\n-0002bba0: 6638 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d39 3630 300a f8 --speed=9600.\n-0002bbb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c serial\n-0002bbc0: 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 6d6d 696f 2c66 6566 --port=mmio,fef\n-0002bbd0: 6230 3030 302e 6c20 2d2d 7370 6565 643d b0000.l --speed=\n-0002bbe0: 3131 3532 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 115200. \n-0002bbf0: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d70 serial --port=p\n-0002bc00: 6369 2c30 303a 3136 2e33 202d 2d73 7065 ci,00:16.3 --spe\n-0002bc10: 6564 3d31 3135 3230 300a 0a20 2020 2020 ed=115200.. \n-0002bc20: 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2053 See also *note S\n-0002bc30: 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 3a3a erial terminal::\n-0002bc40: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002bc50: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 info, Node: ter\n-0002bc60: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 4e65 minal_input, Ne\n-0002bc70: 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 xt: terminal_out\n-0002bc80: 7075 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 7269 put, Prev: seri\n-0002bc90: 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c al, Up: General\n-0002bca0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e commands..17.3.\n-0002bcb0: 3220 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2 terminal_input\n-0002bcc0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0002bcd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002bce0: 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e and: terminal_in\n-0002bcf0: 7075 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d put [--append|--\n-0002bd00: 7265 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 remove] [termina\n-0002bd10: 6c31 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a l1] [terminal2].\n-0002bd20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 .... \n-0002bd30: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 List or selec\n-0002bd40: 7420 616e 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 t an input termi\n-0002bd50: 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 nal... With \n-0002bd60: 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 no arguments, li\n-0002bd70: 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 616e st the active an\n-0002bd80: 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 7075 d available inpu\n-0002bd90: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 t terminals... \n-0002bda0: 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d61 7070 With ...--app\n-0002bdb0: 656e 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 end..., add the \n-0002bdc0: 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 named terminals \n-0002bdd0: 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 to the list of a\n-0002bde0: 6374 6976 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e70 7574 ctive. input\n-0002bdf0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616e 7920 terminals; any \n-0002be00: 6f66 2074 6865 7365 206d 6179 2062 6520 of these may be \n-0002be10: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 used to provide \n-0002be20: 696e 7075 7420 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a input to GRUB...\n-0002be30: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d72 With ...--r\n-0002be40: 656d 6f76 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 emove..., remove\n-0002be50: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 the named termi\n-0002be60: 6e61 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6163 nals from the ac\n-0002be70: 7469 7665 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 tive list... \n-0002be80: 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e73 With no options\n-0002be90: 2062 7574 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 but a list of t\n-0002bea0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c 206d erminal names, m\n-0002beb0: 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 206c 6973 ake only the lis\n-0002bec0: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ted. termina\n-0002bed0: 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 7469 7665 2e0a l names active..\n-0002bee0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002bef0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 fo, Node: termi\n-0002bf00: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 204e 6578 nal_output, Nex\n-0002bf10: 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 t: terminfo, Pr\n-0002bf20: 6576 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 ev: terminal_inp\n-0002bf30: 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c ut, Up: General\n-0002bf40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e commands..17.3.\n-0002bf50: 3320 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 3 terminal_outpu\n-0002bf60: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n-0002bf70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002bf80: 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f mmand: terminal_\n-0002bf90: 6f75 7470 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 output [--append\n-0002bfa0: 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 655d 205b 7465 726d |--remove] [term\n-0002bfb0: 696e 616c 315d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c inal1] [terminal\n-0002bfc0: 325d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 2]. ...\n-0002bfd0: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 7220 7365 . List or se\n-0002bfe0: 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 6f75 7470 7574 2074 lect an output t\n-0002bff0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 erminal... W\n-0002c000: 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ith no arguments\n-0002c010: 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 , list the activ\n-0002c020: 6520 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 e and available \n-0002c030: 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 output terminals\n-0002c040: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 ... With ...\n-0002c050: 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 e280 992c 2061 6464 --append..., add\n-0002c060: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 the named termi\n-0002c070: 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 nals to the list\n-0002c080: 206f 6620 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 of active. \n-0002c090: 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 output terminals\n-0002c0a0: 3b20 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2077 ; all of these w\n-0002c0b0: 696c 6c20 7265 6365 6976 6520 6f75 7470 ill receive outp\n-0002c0c0: 7574 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 ut from GRUB... \n-0002c0d0: 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7265 With ...--re\n-0002c0e0: 6d6f 7665 e280 992c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 move..., remove \n-0002c0f0: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e the named termin\n-0002c100: 616c 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 als from the act\n-0002c110: 6976 6520 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ive list... \n-0002c120: 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 With no options \n-0002c130: 6275 7420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 but a list of te\n-0002c140: 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 rminal names, ma\n-0002c150: 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 ke only the list\n-0002c160: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c ed. terminal\n-0002c170: 206e 616d 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a names active...\n-0002c180: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002c190: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e o, Node: termin\n-0002c1a0: 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6572 6d69 fo, Prev: termi\n-0002c1b0: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2055 703a nal_output, Up:\n-0002c1c0: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n-0002c1d0: 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3420 7465 726d 696e s..17.3.4 termin\n-0002c1e0: 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fo.-------------\n-0002c1f0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002c200: 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 5b2d 617c 2d75 terminfo [-a|-u\n-0002c210: 7c2d 765d 205b 2d67 2057 7848 5d20 5b74 |-v] [-g WxH] [t\n-0002c220: 6572 6d5d 205b 7479 7065 5d0a 2020 2020 erm] [type]. \n-0002c230: 2044 6566 696e 6520 7468 6520 6361 7061 Define the capa\n-0002c240: 6269 6c69 7469 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 bilities of your\n-0002c250: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6279 2067 6976 terminal by giv\n-0002c260: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 ing the name of \n-0002c270: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 696e an. entry in\n-0002c280: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 6461 the terminfo da\n-0002c290: 7461 6261 7365 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7368 tabase, which sh\n-0002c2a0: 6f75 6c64 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 ould correspond \n-0002c2b0: 726f 7567 686c 7920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 roughly to. \n-0002c2c0: 6120 e280 9854 4552 4de2 8099 2065 6e76 a ...TERM... env\n-0002c2d0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0002c2e0: 6520 696e 2055 6e69 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 e in Unix... \n-0002c2f0: 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 The currently a\n-0002c300: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 vailable termina\n-0002c310: 6c20 7479 7065 7320 6172 6520 e280 9876 l types are ...v\n-0002c320: 7431 3030 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7674 3130 t100..., ...vt10\n-0002c330: 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 0-color...,. \n-0002c340: 20e2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 992c ...ieee1275...,\n-0002c350: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 e280 992e and ...dumb....\n-0002c360: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 6f74 If you need ot\n-0002c370: 6865 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 her terminal typ\n-0002c380: 6573 2c20 706c 6561 7365 0a20 2020 2020 es, please. \n-0002c390: 636f 6e74 6163 7420 7573 2074 6f20 6469 contact us to di\n-0002c3a0: 7363 7573 7320 7468 6520 6265 7374 2077 scuss the best w\n-0002c3b0: 6179 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 7375 ay to include su\n-0002c3c0: 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 7468 6573 6520 pport for these \n-0002c3d0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 in. GRUB... \n-0002c3e0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 61e2 8099 The ...-a...\n-0002c3f0: 2028 e280 982d 2d61 7363 6969 e280 9929 (...--ascii...)\n-0002c400: 2c20 e280 982d 75e2 8099 2028 e280 982d , ...-u... (...-\n-0002c410: 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 -utf8...), and .\n-0002c420: 8098 2d76 e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 7669 ..-v... (...--vi\n-0002c430: 7375 616c 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 290a 2020 sual-utf8...). \n-0002c440: 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2063 6f6e 7472 options contr\n-0002c450: 6f6c 2068 6f77 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 ol how non-ASCII\n-0002c460: 2074 6578 7420 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 text is display\n-0002c470: 6564 2e20 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 9920 7370 ed. ...-a... sp\n-0002c480: 6563 6966 6965 7320 616e 0a20 2020 2020 ecifies an. \n-0002c490: 4153 4349 492d 6f6e 6c79 2074 6572 6d69 ASCII-only termi\n-0002c4a0: 6e61 6c3b 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 7370 nal; ...-u... sp\n-0002c4b0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 6c6f 6769 6361 6c6c ecifies logicall\n-0002c4c0: 792d 6f72 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d 383b y-ordered UTF-8;\n-0002c4d0: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 76e2 and. ...-v.\n-0002c4e0: 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2022 7669 .. specifies \"vi\n-0002c4f0: 7375 616c 6c79 2d6f 7264 6572 6564 2055 sually-ordered U\n-0002c500: 5446 2d38 2220 2869 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 TF-8\" (in other \n-0002c510: 776f 7264 732c 2061 7272 616e 6765 640a words, arranged.\n-0002c520: 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 2061 such that a\n-0002c530: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 terminal emulat\n-0002c540: 6f72 2077 6974 686f 7574 2062 6964 6972 or without bidir\n-0002c550: 6563 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6578 7420 7375 ectional text su\n-0002c560: 7070 6f72 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 pport. will \n-0002c570: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7269 6768 742d 746f display right-to\n-0002c580: 2d6c 6566 7420 7465 7874 2069 6e20 7468 -left text in th\n-0002c590: 6520 7072 6f70 6572 206f 7264 6572 3b20 e proper order; \n-0002c5a0: 7468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 this is not. \n-0002c5b0: 2072 6561 6c6c 7920 7072 6f70 6572 2055 really proper U\n-0002c5c0: 5446 2d38 2c20 6275 7420 6120 776f 726b TF-8, but a work\n-0002c5d0: 6172 6f75 6e64 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 around)... T\n-0002c5e0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d67 e280 9920 28e2 8098 he ...-g... (...\n-0002c5f0: 2d2d 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 e280 9929 2063 --geometry...) c\n-0002c600: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7370 an be used to sp\n-0002c610: 6563 6966 7920 7465 726d 696e 616c 2067 ecify terminal g\n-0002c620: 656f 6d65 7472 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 eometry... I\n-0002c630: 6620 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f72 2074 f no option or t\n-0002c640: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 2069 7320 erminal type is \n-0002c650: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 2063 specified, the c\n-0002c660: 7572 7265 6e74 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a urrent terminal.\n-0002c670: 2020 2020 2074 7970 6520 6973 2070 7269 type is pri\n-0002c680: 6e74 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 nted.....File: g\n-0002c690: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002c6a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0002c6b0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e mmands, Next: N\n-0002c6c0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0002c6d0: 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 656e 6572 ds, Prev: Gener\n-0002c6e0: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 al commands, Up\n-0002c6f0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 : Commands..17.4\n-0002c700: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0002c710: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mmands.=========\n+00029a90: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 Load a Linu\n+00029aa0: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 x kernel.* linux\n+00029ab0: 3136 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 16:: \n+00029ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 Load a \n+00029ad0: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2028 3136 Linux kernel (16\n+00029ae0: 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a 2078 656e -bit mode).* xen\n+00029af0: 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 723a 3a20 2020 _hypervisor:: \n+00029b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n+00029b10: 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2062 xen hypervisor b\n+00029b20: 696e 6172 7920 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 inary (only on A\n+00029b30: 4172 6368 3634 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f Arch64).* xen_mo\n+00029b40: 6475 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dule:: \n+00029b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2078 656e Load xen\n+00029b60: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 6f72 2078 656e modules for xen\n+00029b70: 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 286f 6e6c hypervisor (onl\n+00029b80: 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 290a 0a1f y on AArch64)...\n+00029b90: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00029ba0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f , Node: chainlo\n+00029bb0: 6164 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 ader, Next: ini\n+00029bc0: 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 trd, Up: Loader\n+00029bd0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e commands..17.2.\n+00029be0: 3120 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 720a 2d2d 1 chainloader.--\n+00029bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00029c00: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n+00029c10: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 205b 2d2d 666f hainloader [--fo\n+00029c20: 7263 655d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 732e rce] file [args.\n+00029c30: 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4649 ..]. Load FI\n+00029c40: 4c45 2061 7320 6120 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f LE as a chain-lo\n+00029c50: 6164 6572 2e20 204c 696b 6520 616e 7920 ader. Like any \n+00029c60: 6f74 6865 7220 6669 6c65 206c 6f61 6465 other file loade\n+00029c70: 6420 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 d by the. fi\n+00029c80: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f64 652c 2069 lesystem code, i\n+00029c90: 7420 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 6520 626c t can use the bl\n+00029ca0: 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e ocklist notation\n+00029cb0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 (*note Block. \n+00029cc0: 2020 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a list syntax::\n+00029cd0: 2920 746f 2067 7261 6220 7468 6520 6669 ) to grab the fi\n+00029ce0: 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 rst sector of th\n+00029cf0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7061 7274 6974 e current partit\n+00029d00: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 e280 ion. with ..\n+00029d10: 982b 31e2 8099 2e20 204f 6e20 4546 4920 .+1.... On EFI \n+00029d20: 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c 2061 6e79 2061 platforms, any a\n+00029d30: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2061 6674 6572 2046 rguments after F\n+00029d40: 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6e74 ILE will be sent\n+00029d50: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 206c 6f61 . to the loa\n+00029d60: 6465 6420 696d 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 ded image... \n+00029d70: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 If you specify \n+00029d80: 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d the option ...--\n+00029d90: 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 206c force..., then l\n+00029da0: 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2066 6f72 6369 626c oad FILE forcibl\n+00029db0: 792c 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6574 6865 7220 y,. whether \n+00029dc0: 6974 2068 6173 2061 2063 6f72 7265 6374 it has a correct\n+00029dd0: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 206f 7220 6e6f signature or no\n+00029de0: 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7265 7175 t. This is requ\n+00029df0: 6972 6564 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2079 ired when. y\n+00029e00: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 ou want to load \n+00029e10: 6120 6465 6665 6374 6976 6520 626f 6f74 a defective boot\n+00029e20: 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2073 7563 6820 6173 loader, such as\n+00029e30: 2053 434f 2055 6e69 7857 6172 6520 372e SCO UnixWare 7.\n+00029e40: 312e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 1.....File: grub\n+00029e50: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e .info, Node: in\n+00029e60: 6974 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 itrd, Next: ini\n+00029e70: 7472 6431 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 trd16, Prev: ch\n+00029e80: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5570 3a20 ainloader, Up: \n+00029e90: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a Loader commands.\n+00029ea0: 0a31 372e 322e 3220 696e 6974 7264 0a2d .17.2.2 initrd.-\n+00029eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00029ec0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 - Command: initr\n+00029ed0: 6420 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e d file [file ...\n+00029ee0: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 ]. Load, in \n+00029ef0: 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 order, all initr\n+00029f00: 6473 2066 6f72 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b ds for a Linux k\n+00029f10: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 ernel image, and\n+00029f20: 2073 6574 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 set the. ap\n+00029f30: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 propriate parame\n+00029f40: 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 ters in the Linu\n+00029f50: 7820 7365 7475 7020 6172 6561 2069 6e20 x setup area in \n+00029f60: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 memory. This ma\n+00029f70: 790a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 y. only be u\n+00029f80: 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 e280 sed after the ..\n+00029f90: 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e .linux... comman\n+00029fa0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a d (*note linux::\n+00029fb0: 2920 6861 7320 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 ) has been. \n+00029fc0: 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 run. See *note \n+00029fd0: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 783a 3a20 666f 7220 GNU/Linux:: for \n+00029fe0: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f20 6f6e 2062 6f6f more info on boo\n+00029ff0: 7469 6e67 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2e0a ting GNU/Linux..\n+0002a000: 2020 2020 2046 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e For more in\n+0002a010: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 6e69 formation on ini\n+0002a020: 7472 6473 2073 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 trds see the GNU\n+0002a030: 2f4c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 /Linux kernel. \n+0002a040: 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e documentation\n+0002a050: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 7073 3a2f 2f64 . (https://d\n+0002a060: 6f63 732e 6b65 726e 656c 2e6f 7267 2f66 ocs.kernel.org/f\n+0002a070: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2f72 616d 6673 ilesystems/ramfs\n+0002a080: 2d72 6f6f 7466 732d 696e 6974 7261 6d66 -rootfs-initramf\n+0002a090: 732e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 s.html)... A\n+0002a0a0: 206e 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2069 6e69 7472 new-style initr\n+0002a0b0: 6420 2866 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206e d (for kernels n\n+0002a0c0: 6577 6572 2074 6861 6e20 322e 3629 2063 ewer than 2.6) c\n+0002a0d0: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 6669 ontaining one fi\n+0002a0e0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 206c 6561 le. with lea\n+0002a0f0: 6469 6e67 2070 6174 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e ding path compon\n+0002a100: 656e 7473 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 ents can also be\n+0002a110: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7420 7275 generated at ru\n+0002a120: 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 n time.. Thi\n+0002a130: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 s can be done by\n+0002a140: 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2061 6e20 6172 prefixing an ar\n+0002a150: 6775 6d65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 e280 986e gument with ...n\n+0002a160: 6577 633a e280 9920 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 ewc:... followed\n+0002a170: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2070 6174 by. the pat\n+0002a180: 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 696e h of the file in\n+0002a190: 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e69 7472 642c the new initrd,\n+0002a1a0: 2061 20e2 8098 3ae2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 a ...:..., and \n+0002a1b0: 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a 2020 then the GRUB. \n+0002a1c0: 2020 2066 696c 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 file path to \n+0002a1d0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2064 6174 6120 746f the file data to\n+0002a1e0: 2062 6520 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 642e be be included.\n+0002a1f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 .. For examp\n+0002a200: 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e le:. in\n+0002a210: 6974 7264 206e 6577 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 itrd newc:/etc/s\n+0002a220: 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 673a 2868 6430 2c32 sh/config:(hd0,2\n+0002a230: 292f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 2e73 7368 )/home/user/.ssh\n+0002a240: 2f63 6f6e 6669 6720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 /config \\. \n+0002a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 633a newc:\n+0002a260: 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 /etc/ssh/ssh_hos\n+0002a270: 745f 7273 615f 6b65 793a 2f65 7463 2f73 t_rsa_key:/etc/s\n+0002a280: 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f sh/ssh_host_rsa_\n+0002a290: 6b65 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 key \\. \n+0002a2a0: 2020 2020 2020 202f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 /boot/ini\n+0002a2b0: 7472 642e 677a 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 trd.gz \\. \n+0002a2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 7763 3a2f newc:/\n+0002a2d0: 696e 6974 3a2f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f init:/home/user/\n+0002a2e0: 696e 6974 2e66 6978 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 init.fixed.. \n+0002a2f0: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 This command wi\n+0002a300: 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 7477 6f20 ll generate two \n+0002a310: 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 696e 6974 7264 new-style initrd\n+0002a320: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6c79 2e20 2054 s on the fly. T\n+0002a330: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 636f he. first co\n+0002a340: 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 ntains the path \n+0002a350: e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f 636f 6e66 .../etc/ssh/conf\n+0002a360: 6967 e280 9920 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 ig... with the c\n+0002a370: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 ontents of. \n+0002a380: e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 2f68 6f6d 652f ...(hd0,2)/home/\n+0002a390: 7573 6572 2f2e 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 user/.ssh/config\n+0002a3a0: e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7061 7468 ... and the path\n+0002a3b0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 . .../etc/ss\n+0002a3c0: 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b h/ssh_host_rsa_k\n+0002a3d0: 6579 e280 9920 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 ey... with the c\n+0002a3e0: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 ontents of. \n+0002a3f0: e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f .../etc/ssh/ssh_\n+0002a400: 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 host_rsa_key... \n+0002a410: 6f6e 2074 6865 2052 4f4f 5420 6465 7669 on the ROOT devi\n+0002a420: 6365 2e20 2050 6172 656e 7420 6469 7265 ce. Parent dire\n+0002a430: 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6873 ctory. paths\n+0002a440: 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 will automatica\n+0002a450: 6c6c 7920 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 lly be generated\n+0002a460: 2061 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2e20 2054 6869 as needed. Thi\n+0002a470: 7320 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 2067 656e s first. gen\n+0002a480: 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e69 7472 6420 7769 erated initrd wi\n+0002a490: 6c6c 2074 6865 6e20 6861 7665 20e2 8098 ll then have ...\n+0002a4a0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 7264 2e67 7ae2 /boot/initrd.gz.\n+0002a4b0: 8099 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7465 640a .. concatenated.\n+0002a4c0: 2020 2020 2061 6674 6572 2069 742e 2020 after it. \n+0002a4d0: 4e65 7874 2c20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 Next, another ne\n+0002a4e0: 772d 7374 796c 6520 6172 6368 6976 6520 w-style archive \n+0002a4f0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 will be generate\n+0002a500: 6420 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 d with. the \n+0002a510: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 e280 982f contents of .../\n+0002a520: 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 696e 6974 2e66 home/user/init.f\n+0002a530: 6978 6564 e280 9920 696e 2074 6865 2070 ixed... in the p\n+0002a540: 6174 6820 e280 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 ath .../init... \n+0002a550: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2061 7070 656e 6465 and. appende\n+0002a560: 6420 746f 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 d to the previou\n+0002a570: 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 696f 6e2e s concatenation.\n+0002a580: 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 2072 Finally, the r\n+0002a590: 6573 756c 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 esult will. \n+0002a5a0: 6265 2073 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 206b be sent to the k\n+0002a5b0: 6572 6e65 6c20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 ernel when boote\n+0002a5c0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204b 6565 7020 696e d... Keep in\n+0002a5d0: 206d 696e 6420 7468 6174 2070 6174 6873 mind that paths\n+0002a5e0: 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d65 206c 6174 6572 that come later\n+0002a5f0: 2077 696c 6c20 7461 6b65 2070 7265 6365 will take prece\n+0002a600: 6465 6e63 652e 2020 536f 0a20 2020 2020 dence. So. \n+0002a610: 696e 2074 6865 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2061 in the example a\n+0002a620: 626f 7665 2c20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 bove, the genera\n+0002a630: 7465 6420 7061 7468 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 ted path .../ini\n+0002a640: 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 7772 t... will overwr\n+0002a650: 6974 6520 616e 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ite any. ...\n+0002a660: 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 982f /init... in .../\n+0002a670: 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a e280 boot/initrd.gz..\n+0002a680: 992e 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 .. This can be \n+0002a690: 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6368 616e useful when chan\n+0002a6a0: 6769 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 ging the. ma\n+0002a6b0: 696e 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6973 2075 6e64 in initrd is und\n+0002a6c0: 6573 6972 6162 6c65 206f 7220 6469 6666 esirable or diff\n+0002a6d0: 6963 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 icult.....File: \n+0002a6e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002a6f0: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 204e 6578 : initrd16, Nex\n+0002a700: 743a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: linux, Prev:\n+0002a710: 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f initrd, Up: Lo\n+0002a720: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ader commands..1\n+0002a730: 372e 322e 3320 696e 6974 7264 3136 0a2d 7.2.3 initrd16.-\n+0002a740: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002a750: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 -- Command: ini\n+0002a760: 7472 6431 3620 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 trd16 file [file\n+0002a770: 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c ...]. Load,\n+0002a780: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 in order, all i\n+0002a790: 6e69 7472 6473 2066 6f72 2061 204c 696e nitrds for a Lin\n+0002a7a0: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 ux kernel image \n+0002a7b0: 746f 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 0a20 2020 to be booted. \n+0002a7c0: 2020 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 in 16-bit mode\n+0002a7d0: 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 6170 , and set the ap\n+0002a7e0: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 propriate parame\n+0002a7f0: 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 ters in the Linu\n+0002a800: 780a 2020 2020 2073 6574 7570 2061 7265 x. setup are\n+0002a810: 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5468 a in memory. Th\n+0002a820: 6973 206d 6179 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 is may only be u\n+0002a830: 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 e280 sed after the ..\n+0002a840: 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 990a 2020 2020 .linux16.... \n+0002a850: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n+0002a860: 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 linux16::) has b\n+0002a870: 6565 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 616c een run. See al\n+0002a880: 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e so *note GNU/Lin\n+0002a890: 7578 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 ux::. and th\n+0002a8a0: 6520 e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2063 e ...initrd... c\n+0002a8b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e ommand (*note in\n+0002a8c0: 6974 7264 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 itrd::) for more\n+0002a8d0: 2064 6574 6169 6c73 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 details on. \n+0002a8e0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 arguments... \n+0002a8f0: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 This command i\n+0002a900: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n+0002a910: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7063 2070 6c61 7466 on the pc platf\n+0002a920: 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 7838 3620 7379 7374 orm for x86 syst\n+0002a930: 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ems.....File: gr\n+0002a940: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002a950: 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 linux, Next: li\n+0002a960: 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e nux16, Prev: in\n+0002a970: 6974 7264 3136 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 itrd16, Up: Loa\n+0002a980: 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 der commands..17\n+0002a990: 2e32 2e34 206c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .2.4 linux.-----\n+0002a9a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002a9b0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 7820 6669 6c65 mand: linux file\n+0002a9c0: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 .... Load a\n+0002a9d0: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d Linux kernel im\n+0002a9e0: 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 age from FILE. \n+0002a9f0: 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 The rest of the \n+0002aa00: 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 line is. pas\n+0002aa10: 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 sed verbatim as \n+0002aa20: 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f the ...kernel co\n+0002aa30: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 mmand-line.... \n+0002aa40: 416e 7920 696e 6974 7264 206d 7573 7420 Any initrd must \n+0002aa50: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 be. reloaded\n+0002aa60: 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 after using thi\n+0002aa70: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 s command (*note\n+0002aa80: 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 initrd::)... \n+0002aa90: 2020 4f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 On x86 systems\n+0002aaa0: 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c , the kernel wil\n+0002aab0: 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 7573 696e l be booted usin\n+0002aac0: 6720 7468 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f g the 32-bit boo\n+0002aad0: 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e t. protocol.\n+0002aae0: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 Note that this\n+0002aaf0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 means that the \n+0002ab00: e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2062 6f6f 7420 ...vga=... boot \n+0002ab10: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 option will. \n+0002ab20: 206e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b3b 2069 6620 796f not work; if yo\n+0002ab30: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 u want to set a \n+0002ab40: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f special video mo\n+0002ab50: 6465 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 de, you will nee\n+0002ab60: 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 4752 d to. use GR\n+0002ab70: 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 UB commands such\n+0002ab80: 2061 7320 e280 9873 6574 2067 6678 7061 as ...set gfxpa\n+0002ab90: 796c 6f61 643d 3130 3234 7837 3638 e280 yload=1024x768..\n+0002aba0: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 740a 2020 2020 . or ...set. \n+0002abb0: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643d 6b65 6570 gfxpayload=keep\n+0002abc0: e280 9920 2874 6f20 6b65 6570 2074 6865 ... (to keep the\n+0002abd0: 2073 616d 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 7573 same mode as us\n+0002abe0: 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2920 696e 7374 ed in GRUB) inst\n+0002abf0: 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2063 ead.. GRUB c\n+0002ac00: 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 an automatically\n+0002ac10: 2064 6574 6563 7420 736f 6d65 2075 7365 detect some use\n+0002ac20: 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 s of ...vga=... \n+0002ac30: 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 650a 2020 and translate. \n+0002ac40: 2020 2074 6865 6d20 746f 2061 7070 726f them to appro\n+0002ac50: 7072 6961 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 7320 priate settings \n+0002ac60: 6f66 20e2 8098 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 of ...gfxpayload\n+0002ac70: e280 992e 2020 5468 6520 e280 986c 696e .... The ...lin\n+0002ac80: 7578 3136 e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d ux16.... com\n+0002ac90: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 mand (*note linu\n+0002aca0: 7831 363a 3a29 2061 766f 6964 7320 7468 x16::) avoids th\n+0002acb0: 6973 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2e0a is restriction..\n+0002acc0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002acd0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 fo, Node: linux\n+0002ace0: 3136 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f68 16, Next: xen_h\n+0002acf0: 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5072 6576 ypervisor, Prev\n+0002ad00: 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f : linux, Up: Lo\n+0002ad10: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ader commands..1\n+0002ad20: 372e 322e 3520 6c69 6e75 7831 360a 2d2d 7.2.5 linux16.--\n+0002ad30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002ad40: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 696e 7578 - Command: linux\n+0002ad50: 3136 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 16 file .... \n+0002ad60: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 Load a Linux ke\n+0002ad70: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 rnel image from \n+0002ad80: 4649 4c45 2069 6e20 3136 2d62 6974 206d FILE in 16-bit m\n+0002ad90: 6f64 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f ode. The rest o\n+0002ada0: 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 f. the line \n+0002adb0: 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 is passed verbat\n+0002adc0: 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 im as the ...ker\n+0002add0: 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 nel command-line\n+0002ade0: e280 9d2e 2020 416e 790a 2020 2020 2069 .... Any. i\n+0002adf0: 6e69 7472 6420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7265 nitrd must be re\n+0002ae00: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 loaded after usi\n+0002ae10: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ng this command \n+0002ae20: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6974 (*note. init\n+0002ae30: 7264 3136 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 rd16::)... T\n+0002ae40: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 he kernel will b\n+0002ae50: 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 e booted using t\n+0002ae60: 6865 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2031 he traditional 1\n+0002ae70: 362d 6269 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6-bit boot. \n+0002ae80: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2041 7320 7765 protocol. As we\n+0002ae90: 6c6c 2061 7320 6279 7061 7373 696e 6720 ll as bypassing \n+0002aea0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 e280 problems with ..\n+0002aeb0: 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2064 6573 6372 6962 .vga=... describ\n+0002aec0: 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 202a 6e6f 7465 ed in. *note\n+0002aed0: 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2c20 7468 6973 2070 linux::, this p\n+0002aee0: 6572 6d69 7473 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2073 ermits booting s\n+0002aef0: 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6f67 7261 ome other progra\n+0002af00: 6d73 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2069 6d70 ms that. imp\n+0002af10: 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 lement the Linux\n+0002af20: 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2066 boot protocol f\n+0002af30: 6f72 2074 6865 2073 616b 6520 6f66 2063 or the sake of c\n+0002af40: 6f6e 7665 6e69 656e 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 onvenience... \n+0002af50: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 This command i\n+0002af60: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n+0002af70: 206f 6e20 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e on x86 systems.\n+0002af80: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002af90: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f nfo, Node: xen_\n+0002afa0: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 hypervisor, Nex\n+0002afb0: 743a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 t: xen_module, \n+0002afc0: 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 Prev: linux16, \n+0002afd0: 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 Up: Loader comma\n+0002afe0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3620 7865 6e5f nds..17.2.6 xen_\n+0002aff0: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d hypervisor.-----\n+0002b000: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002b010: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 .. -- Command: x\n+0002b020: 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 6669 en_hypervisor fi\n+0002b030: 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 202e le [arguments] .\n+0002b040: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2058 ... Load a X\n+0002b050: 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 6269 en hypervisor bi\n+0002b060: 6e61 7279 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 nary from FILE. \n+0002b070: 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 The rest of the\n+0002b080: 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 line is. pa\n+0002b090: 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 ssed verbatim as\n+0002b0a0: 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 the ...kernel c\n+0002b0b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 ommand-line.... \n+0002b0c0: 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 696e 6172 Any other binar\n+0002b0d0: 6965 730a 2020 2020 206d 7573 7420 6265 ies. must be\n+0002b0e0: 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 reloaded after \n+0002b0f0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 using this comma\n+0002b100: 6e64 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e nd. This comman\n+0002b110: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 d is only. a\n+0002b120: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 vailable on AArc\n+0002b130: 6836 3420 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a h64 systems.....\n+0002b140: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002b150: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 Node: xen_modu\n+0002b160: 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2078 656e 5f68 le, Prev: xen_h\n+0002b170: 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 ypervisor, Up: \n+0002b180: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a Loader commands.\n+0002b190: 0a31 372e 322e 3720 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 .17.2.7 xen_modu\n+0002b1a0: 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d le.-------------\n+0002b1b0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002b1c0: 643a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d d: xen_module [-\n+0002b1d0: 2d6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 205b -nounzip] file [\n+0002b1e0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 2020 arguments]. \n+0002b1f0: 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f Load a module fo\n+0002b200: 7220 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 r xen hypervisor\n+0002b210: 2061 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 at the booting \n+0002b220: 7072 6f63 6573 7320 6f66 2078 656e 2e0a process of xen..\n+0002b230: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 The rest of\n+0002b240: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 the line is pas\n+0002b250: 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 sed verbatim as \n+0002b260: 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 the module comma\n+0002b270: 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f nd line.. Mo\n+0002b280: 6475 6c65 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 dules should be \n+0002b290: 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f loaded in the fo\n+0002b2a0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f72 6465 723a 202d llowing order: -\n+0002b2b0: 2064 6f6d 3020 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 dom0 kernel. \n+0002b2c0: 2020 696d 6167 6520 2d20 646f 6d30 2072 image - dom0 r\n+0002b2d0: 616d 6469 736b 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e amdisk if presen\n+0002b2e0: 7420 2d20 5853 4d20 706f 6c69 6379 2069 t - XSM policy i\n+0002b2f0: 6620 7072 6573 656e 7420 5468 6973 0a20 f present This. \n+0002b300: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f command is o\n+0002b310: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e nly available on\n+0002b320: 2041 4172 6368 3634 2073 7973 7465 6d73 AArch64 systems\n+0002b330: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002b340: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 656e info, Node: Gen\n+0002b350: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 eral commands, \n+0002b360: 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Next: Command-li\n+0002b370: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 ne commands, Pr\n+0002b380: 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 ev: Loader comma\n+0002b390: 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e nds, Up: Comman\n+0002b3a0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2047 656e 6572 616c ds..17.3 General\n+0002b3b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.======\n+0002b3c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+0002b3d0: 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7573 6162 6c65 .Commands usable\n+0002b3e0: 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 696e 2074 6865 anywhere in the\n+0002b3f0: 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 696e 2074 6865 menu and in the\n+0002b400: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a command-line...\n+0002b410: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 * Menu:..* seria\n+0002b420: 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l:: \n+0002b430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2075 7020 Set up \n+0002b440: 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 650a a serial device.\n+0002b450: 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 * terminal_input\n+0002b460: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002b470: 4d61 6e61 6765 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 Manage input ter\n+0002b480: 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 minals.* termina\n+0002b490: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 l_output:: \n+0002b4a0: 2020 2020 2020 204d 616e 6167 6520 6f75 Manage ou\n+0002b4b0: 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a tput terminals.*\n+0002b4c0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 terminfo:: \n+0002b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n+0002b4e0: 6566 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 efine terminal t\n+0002b4f0: 7970 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ype....File: gru\n+0002b500: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n+0002b510: 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 erial, Next: te\n+0002b520: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 rminal_input, U\n+0002b530: 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 p: General comma\n+0002b540: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3120 7365 7269 nds..17.3.1 seri\n+0002b550: 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al.-------------\n+0002b560: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n+0002b570: 6572 6961 6c20 5b2d 2d75 6e69 743d 756e erial [--unit=un\n+0002b580: 6974 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6f72 743d 706f 7274 it] [--port=port\n+0002b590: 5d20 5b2d 2d73 7065 6564 3d73 7065 6564 ] [--speed=speed\n+0002b5a0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d77 ]. [--w\n+0002b5b0: 6f72 643d 776f 7264 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6172 ord=word] [--par\n+0002b5c0: 6974 793d 7061 7269 7479 5d20 5b2d 2d73 ity=parity] [--s\n+0002b5d0: 746f 703d 7374 6f70 5d0a 2020 2020 2049 top=stop]. I\n+0002b5e0: 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 6120 7365 7269 nitialize a seri\n+0002b5f0: 616c 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 554e 4954 al device. UNIT\n+0002b600: 2069 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 is a number in \n+0002b610: 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 302d 330a 2020 the range 0-3. \n+0002b620: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7768 specifying wh\n+0002b630: 6963 6820 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 ich serial port \n+0002b640: 746f 2075 7365 3b20 6465 6661 756c 7420 to use; default \n+0002b650: 6973 2030 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 is 0, which. \n+0002b660: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 corresponds to \n+0002b670: 7468 6520 706f 7274 206f 6674 656e 2063 the port often c\n+0002b680: 616c 6c65 6420 434f 4d31 2e0a 0a20 2020 alled COM1... \n+0002b690: 2020 504f 5254 2069 7320 7468 6520 492f PORT is the I/\n+0002b6a0: 4f20 706f 7274 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 O port where the\n+0002b6b0: 2055 4152 5420 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 UART is to be f\n+0002b6c0: 6f75 6e64 206f 722c 2069 6620 7072 6566 ound or, if pref\n+0002b6d0: 6978 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 20e2 ixed. with .\n+0002b6e0: 8098 6d6d 696f 2ce2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 ..mmio,..., the \n+0002b6f0: 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 MMIO address of \n+0002b700: 7468 6520 5541 5254 2e20 4966 2073 7065 the UART. If spe\n+0002b710: 6369 6669 6564 2069 7420 7461 6b65 730a cified it takes.\n+0002b720: 2020 2020 2070 7265 6365 6465 6e63 6520 precedence \n+0002b730: 6f76 6572 2055 4e49 542e 0a0a 2020 2020 over UNIT... \n+0002b740: 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2061 Additionally, a\n+0002b750: 6e20 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 n MMIO address c\n+0002b760: 616e 2062 6520 7375 6666 6978 6564 2077 an be suffixed w\n+0002b770: 6974 683a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 ith:. ...\n+0002b780: 20e2 8098 2e62 e280 9920 666f 7220 6279 ....b... for by\n+0002b790: 7465 7320 6163 6365 7373 2028 6465 6661 tes access (defa\n+0002b7a0: 756c 7429 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 ult). ...\n+0002b7b0: 20e2 8098 2e77 e280 9920 666f 7220 3136 ....w... for 16\n+0002b7c0: 2d62 6974 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 -bit word access\n+0002b7d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 . ... ...\n+0002b7e0: 2e6c e280 9920 666f 7220 3332 2d62 6974 .l... for 32-bit\n+0002b7f0: 206c 6f6e 6720 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 long word acces\n+0002b800: 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 s or. ...\n+0002b810: 20e2 8098 2e71 e280 9920 666f 7220 3634 ....q... for 64\n+0002b820: 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 6c6f 6e67 2077 -bit long long w\n+0002b830: 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 0a0a 2020 2020 ord access.. \n+0002b840: 2041 6c73 6f2c 2050 4f52 5420 6361 6e20 Also, PORT can \n+0002b850: 6265 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d 20e2 be of the form .\n+0002b860: 8098 7063 692c 5858 3a58 582e 58e2 8099 ..pci,XX:XX.X...\n+0002b870: 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2061 2073 to indicate a s\n+0002b880: 6572 6961 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 erial. devic\n+0002b890: 6520 6578 706f 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 e exposed on the\n+0002b8a0: 2050 4349 2062 7573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 PCI bus... \n+0002b8b0: 5350 4545 4420 6973 2074 6865 2074 7261 SPEED is the tra\n+0002b8c0: 6e73 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 7370 6565 643b nsmission speed;\n+0002b8d0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3936 3030 default is 9600\n+0002b8e0: 2e20 2057 4f52 4420 616e 6420 5354 4f50 . WORD and STOP\n+0002b8f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 7468 6520 6e75 . are the nu\n+0002b900: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6461 7461 2062 6974 mber of data bit\n+0002b910: 7320 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 732e s and stop bits.\n+0002b920: 2020 4461 7461 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 Data bits must\n+0002b930: 2062 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 be in. the \n+0002b940: 7261 6e67 6520 352d 3820 616e 6420 7374 range 5-8 and st\n+0002b950: 6f70 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 op bits must be \n+0002b960: 3120 6f72 2032 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 1 or 2. Default\n+0002b970: 2069 7320 3820 6461 7461 2062 6974 730a is 8 data bits.\n+0002b980: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 2073 746f and one sto\n+0002b990: 7020 6269 742e 2020 5041 5249 5459 2069 p bit. PARITY i\n+0002b9a0: 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 6e6f e280 s one of ...no..\n+0002b9b0: 992c 20e2 8098 6f64 64e2 8099 2c20 e280 ., ...odd..., ..\n+0002b9c0: 9865 7665 6ee2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 .even... and. \n+0002b9d0: 2020 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 e280 defaults to ..\n+0002b9e0: 986e 6fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 .no...... Th\n+0002b9f0: 6520 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 e serial port is\n+0002ba00: 206e 6f74 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 2063 not used as a c\n+0002ba10: 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 ommunication cha\n+0002ba20: 6e6e 656c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 650a nnel unless the.\n+0002ba30: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c ...terminal\n+0002ba40: 5f69 6e70 7574 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 _input... or ...\n+0002ba50: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 terminal_output.\n+0002ba60: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7573 .. command is us\n+0002ba70: 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 ed (*note. t\n+0002ba80: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 3a2c erminal_input::,\n+0002ba90: 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f *note terminal_\n+0002baa0: 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 output::)... \n+0002bab0: 204e 6f74 652c 2076 616c 6964 2050 4f52 Note, valid POR\n+0002bac0: 5420 7661 6c75 6573 2c20 6578 636c 7564 T values, exclud\n+0002bad0: 696e 6720 494f 2070 6f72 7420 6164 6472 ing IO port addr\n+0002bae0: 6573 7365 732c 2063 616e 2062 6520 666f esses, can be fo\n+0002baf0: 756e 640a 2020 2020 2062 7920 6c69 7374 und. by list\n+0002bb00: 696e 6720 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 7769 ing terminals wi\n+0002bb10: 7468 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f th ...terminal_o\n+0002bb20: 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2c20 7365 6c65 6374 utput..., select\n+0002bb30: 696e 6720 616c 6c20 6e61 6d65 730a 2020 ing all names. \n+0002bb40: 2020 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 6279 20e2 prefixed by .\n+0002bb50: 8098 7365 7269 616c 5fe2 8099 2061 6e64 ..serial_... and\n+0002bb60: 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 7468 6174 2070 removing that p\n+0002bb70: 7265 6669 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7861 refix... Exa\n+0002bb80: 6d70 6c65 733a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 mples:. \n+0002bb90: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d30 serial --port=0\n+0002bba0: 7833 6638 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d39 3630 x3f8 --speed=960\n+0002bbb0: 300a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 0. seri\n+0002bbc0: 616c 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 6d6d 696f 2c66 al --port=mmio,f\n+0002bbd0: 6566 6230 3030 302e 6c20 2d2d 7370 6565 efb0000.l --spee\n+0002bbe0: 643d 3131 3532 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 d=115200. \n+0002bbf0: 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 serial --port\n+0002bc00: 3d70 6369 2c30 303a 3136 2e33 202d 2d73 =pci,00:16.3 --s\n+0002bc10: 7065 6564 3d31 3135 3230 300a 0a20 2020 peed=115200.. \n+0002bc20: 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 See also *note\n+0002bc30: 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c Serial terminal\n+0002bc40: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+0002bc50: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 b.info, Node: t\n+0002bc60: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 erminal_input, \n+0002bc70: 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f Next: terminal_o\n+0002bc80: 7574 7075 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 utput, Prev: se\n+0002bc90: 7269 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 rial, Up: Gener\n+0002bca0: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e al commands..17.\n+0002bcb0: 332e 3220 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 3.2 terminal_inp\n+0002bcc0: 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ut.-------------\n+0002bcd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002bce0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f mmand: terminal_\n+0002bcf0: 696e 7075 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c input [--append|\n+0002bd00: 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 --remove] [termi\n+0002bd10: 6e61 6c31 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 nal1] [terminal2\n+0002bd20: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a ]. ....\n+0002bd30: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c List or sel\n+0002bd40: 6563 7420 616e 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 ect an input ter\n+0002bd50: 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 minal... Wit\n+0002bd60: 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 h no arguments, \n+0002bd70: 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 list the active \n+0002bd80: 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e and available in\n+0002bd90: 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a put terminals...\n+0002bda0: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d61 With ...--a\n+0002bdb0: 7070 656e 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 6420 7468 ppend..., add th\n+0002bdc0: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c e named terminal\n+0002bdd0: 7320 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 s to the list of\n+0002bde0: 2061 6374 6976 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e70 active. inp\n+0002bdf0: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616e ut terminals; an\n+0002be00: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 7365 206d 6179 2062 y of these may b\n+0002be10: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 e used to provid\n+0002be20: 6520 696e 7075 7420 746f 2047 5255 422e e input to GRUB.\n+0002be30: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d .. With ...-\n+0002be40: 2d72 656d 6f76 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 6d6f -remove..., remo\n+0002be50: 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 ve the named ter\n+0002be60: 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 minals from the \n+0002be70: 6163 7469 7665 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 active list... \n+0002be80: 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 696f With no optio\n+0002be90: 6e73 2062 7574 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 ns but a list of\n+0002bea0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c terminal names,\n+0002beb0: 206d 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 206c make only the l\n+0002bec0: 6973 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 isted. termi\n+0002bed0: 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 7469 7665 nal names active\n+0002bee0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002bef0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 info, Node: ter\n+0002bf00: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 204e minal_output, N\n+0002bf10: 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 ext: terminfo, \n+0002bf20: 5072 6576 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 Prev: terminal_i\n+0002bf30: 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 nput, Up: Gener\n+0002bf40: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e al commands..17.\n+0002bf50: 332e 3320 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 3.3 terminal_out\n+0002bf60: 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d put.------------\n+0002bf70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002bf80: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 Command: termina\n+0002bf90: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 l_output [--appe\n+0002bfa0: 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 655d 205b 7465 nd|--remove] [te\n+0002bfb0: 726d 696e 616c 315d 205b 7465 726d 696e rminal1] [termin\n+0002bfc0: 616c 325d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e al2]. .\n+0002bfd0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 7220 ... List or \n+0002bfe0: 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 6f75 7470 7574 select an output\n+0002bff0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 terminal... \n+0002c000: 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e With no argumen\n+0002c010: 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 ts, list the act\n+0002c020: 6976 6520 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c ive and availabl\n+0002c030: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 e output termina\n+0002c040: 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 ls... With .\n+0002c050: 8098 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 e280 992c 2061 ..--append..., a\n+0002c060: 6464 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 dd the named ter\n+0002c070: 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 minals to the li\n+0002c080: 7374 206f 6620 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 st of active. \n+0002c090: 2020 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 output termina\n+0002c0a0: 6c73 3b20 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 7365 ls; all of these\n+0002c0b0: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6365 6976 6520 6f75 will receive ou\n+0002c0c0: 7470 7574 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a tput from GRUB..\n+0002c0d0: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d . With ...--\n+0002c0e0: 7265 6d6f 7665 e280 992c 2072 656d 6f76 remove..., remov\n+0002c0f0: 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d e the named term\n+0002c100: 696e 616c 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 inals from the a\n+0002c110: 6374 6976 6520 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 ctive list... \n+0002c120: 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e With no option\n+0002c130: 7320 6275 7420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 s but a list of \n+0002c140: 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 terminal names, \n+0002c150: 6d61 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 make only the li\n+0002c160: 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e sted. termin\n+0002c170: 616c 206e 616d 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e al names active.\n+0002c180: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002c190: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d nfo, Node: term\n+0002c1a0: 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6572 info, Prev: ter\n+0002c1b0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2055 minal_output, U\n+0002c1c0: 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 p: General comma\n+0002c1d0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3420 7465 726d nds..17.3.4 term\n+0002c1e0: 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d info.-----------\n+0002c1f0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002c200: 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 5b2d 617c d: terminfo [-a|\n+0002c210: 2d75 7c2d 765d 205b 2d67 2057 7848 5d20 -u|-v] [-g WxH] \n+0002c220: 5b74 6572 6d5d 205b 7479 7065 5d0a 2020 [term] [type]. \n+0002c230: 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 7468 6520 6361 Define the ca\n+0002c240: 7061 6269 6c69 7469 6573 206f 6620 796f pabilities of yo\n+0002c250: 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6279 2067 ur terminal by g\n+0002c260: 6976 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f iving the name o\n+0002c270: 6620 616e 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 f an. entry \n+0002c280: 696e 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 in the terminfo \n+0002c290: 6461 7461 6261 7365 2c20 7768 6963 6820 database, which \n+0002c2a0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e should correspon\n+0002c2b0: 6420 726f 7567 686c 7920 746f 0a20 2020 d roughly to. \n+0002c2c0: 2020 6120 e280 9854 4552 4de2 8099 2065 a ...TERM... e\n+0002c2d0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0002c2e0: 626c 6520 696e 2055 6e69 782e 0a0a 2020 ble in Unix... \n+0002c2f0: 2020 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 The currently\n+0002c300: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6572 6d69 available termi\n+0002c310: 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 7320 6172 6520 e280 nal types are ..\n+0002c320: 9876 7431 3030 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7674 .vt100..., ...vt\n+0002c330: 3130 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 100-color...,. \n+0002c340: 2020 20e2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 ...ieee1275..\n+0002c350: 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 e280 ., and ...dumb..\n+0002c360: 992e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 .. If you need \n+0002c370: 6f74 6865 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 other terminal t\n+0002c380: 7970 6573 2c20 706c 6561 7365 0a20 2020 ypes, please. \n+0002c390: 2020 636f 6e74 6163 7420 7573 2074 6f20 contact us to \n+0002c3a0: 6469 7363 7573 7320 7468 6520 6265 7374 discuss the best\n+0002c3b0: 2077 6179 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 way to include \n+0002c3c0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 7468 6573 support for thes\n+0002c3d0: 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e0a e in. GRUB..\n+0002c3e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 61e2 . The ...-a.\n+0002c3f0: 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d61 7363 6969 e280 .. (...--ascii..\n+0002c400: 9929 2c20 e280 982d 75e2 8099 2028 e280 .), ...-u... (..\n+0002c410: 982d 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 292c 2061 6e64 .--utf8...), and\n+0002c420: 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d ...-v... (...--\n+0002c430: 7669 7375 616c 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 290a visual-utf8...).\n+0002c440: 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2063 6f6e options con\n+0002c450: 7472 6f6c 2068 6f77 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 trol how non-ASC\n+0002c460: 4949 2074 6578 7420 6973 2064 6973 706c II text is displ\n+0002c470: 6179 6564 2e20 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 9920 ayed. ...-a... \n+0002c480: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 616e 0a20 2020 specifies an. \n+0002c490: 2020 4153 4349 492d 6f6e 6c79 2074 6572 ASCII-only ter\n+0002c4a0: 6d69 6e61 6c3b 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 minal; ...-u... \n+0002c4b0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 6c6f 6769 6361 specifies logica\n+0002c4c0: 6c6c 792d 6f72 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d lly-ordered UTF-\n+0002c4d0: 383b 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 8; and. ...-\n+0002c4e0: 76e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2022 v... specifies \"\n+0002c4f0: 7669 7375 616c 6c79 2d6f 7264 6572 6564 visually-ordered\n+0002c500: 2055 5446 2d38 2220 2869 6e20 6f74 6865 UTF-8\" (in othe\n+0002c510: 7220 776f 7264 732c 2061 7272 616e 6765 r words, arrange\n+0002c520: 640a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 d. such that\n+0002c530: 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c a terminal emul\n+0002c540: 6174 6f72 2077 6974 686f 7574 2062 6964 ator without bid\n+0002c550: 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6578 7420 irectional text \n+0002c560: 7375 7070 6f72 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c support. wil\n+0002c570: 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7269 6768 742d l display right-\n+0002c580: 746f 2d6c 6566 7420 7465 7874 2069 6e20 to-left text in \n+0002c590: 7468 6520 7072 6f70 6572 206f 7264 6572 the proper order\n+0002c5a0: 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 ; this is not. \n+0002c5b0: 2020 2072 6561 6c6c 7920 7072 6f70 6572 really proper\n+0002c5c0: 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6275 7420 6120 776f UTF-8, but a wo\n+0002c5d0: 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 rkaround)... \n+0002c5e0: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d67 e280 9920 28e2 The ...-g... (.\n+0002c5f0: 8098 2d2d 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 e280 9929 ..--geometry...)\n+0002c600: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n+0002c610: 7370 6563 6966 7920 7465 726d 696e 616c specify terminal\n+0002c620: 2067 656f 6d65 7472 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 geometry... \n+0002c630: 2049 6620 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f72 If no option or\n+0002c640: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 2069 terminal type i\n+0002c650: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 s specified, the\n+0002c660: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 current termina\n+0002c670: 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 7970 6520 6973 2070 l. type is p\n+0002c680: 7269 6e74 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a rinted.....File:\n+0002c690: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002c6a0: 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 e: Command-line \n+0002c6b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a commands, Next:\n+0002c6c0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+0002c6d0: 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 656e ands, Prev: Gen\n+0002c6e0: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 eral commands, \n+0002c6f0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 Up: Commands..17\n+0002c700: 2e34 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 .4 Command-line \n+0002c710: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.=======\n 0002c720: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0002c730: 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 =..These command\n-0002c740: 7320 6172 6520 7573 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 s are usable in \n-0002c750: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n-0002c760: 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 and in menu ent\n-0002c770: 7269 6573 2e20 2049 660a 796f 7520 666f ries. If.you fo\n-0002c780: 7267 6574 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 rget a command, \n-0002c790: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 you can run the \n-0002c7a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 656c 70e2 command ...help.\n-0002c7b0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 6c70 3a3a .. (*note help::\n-0002c7c0: 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 205b )...* Menu:..* [\n-0002c7d0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002c7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6865 Che\n-0002c7f0: 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 7320 616e ck file types an\n-0002c800: 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 6c75 6573 d compare values\n-0002c810: 0a2a 2061 6370 693a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* acpi:: \n+0002c730: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 ===..These comma\n+0002c740: 6e64 7320 6172 6520 7573 6162 6c65 2069 nds are usable i\n+0002c750: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 n the command-li\n+0002c760: 6e65 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 ne and in menu e\n+0002c770: 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2049 660a 796f 7520 ntries. If.you \n+0002c780: 666f 7267 6574 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 forget a command\n+0002c790: 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7275 6e20 7468 , you can run th\n+0002c7a0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 656c e command ...hel\n+0002c7b0: 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 6c70 p... 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2020 2020 :: \n+0002d050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 2061 Insert a\n+0002d060: 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2a20 6b65 7973 7461 module.* keysta\n+0002d070: 7475 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tus:: \n+0002d080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 6b65 Check ke\n+0002d090: 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 y modifier statu\n+0002d0a0: 730a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2020 s.* list_env:: \n 0002d0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d0c0: 4c69 7374 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 List variables i\n-0002d0d0: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c n environment bl\n-0002d0e0: 6f63 6b0a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 ock.* list_trust\n-0002d0f0: 6564 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed:: \n-0002d100: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2074 7275 7374 6564 List trusted\n-0002d110: 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 0a2a 206c public keys.* l\n-0002d120: 6f61 645f 656e 763a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 oad_env:: \n-0002d130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n-0002d140: 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d d variables from\n-0002d150: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-0002d160: 636b 0a2a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 743a 3a20 ck.* loadfont:: \n-0002d170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d180: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 666f 6e74 2066 696c Load font fil\n-0002d190: 6573 0a2a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a 3a20 es.* loopback:: \n-0002d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d1b0: 2020 204d 616b 6520 6120 6465 7669 6365 Make a device\n-0002d1c0: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 from a filesyst\n-0002d1d0: 656d 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 206c 733a 3a20 em image.* ls:: \n-0002d1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6465 List de\n-0002d200: 7669 6365 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6573 0a2a vices or files.*\n-0002d210: 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 lsfonts:: \n-0002d220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n-0002d230: 6973 7420 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 ist loaded fonts\n-0002d240: 0a2a 206c 736d 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 .* lsmod:: \n+0002d0c0: 2020 4c69 7374 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 List variables\n+0002d0d0: 2069 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 in environment \n+0002d0e0: 626c 6f63 6b0a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 block.* list_tru\n+0002d0f0: 7374 6564 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sted:: \n+0002d100: 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2074 7275 7374 List trust\n+0002d110: 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 0a2a ed public keys.*\n+0002d120: 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a 3a20 2020 2020 load_env:: \n+0002d130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+0002d140: 6f61 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 oad variables fr\n+0002d150: 6f6d 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 om environment b\n+0002d160: 6c6f 636b 0a2a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 743a lock.* loadfont:\n+0002d170: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d180: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 666f 6e74 2066 Load font f\n+0002d190: 696c 6573 0a2a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a iles.* loopback:\n+0002d1a0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d1b0: 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 6120 6465 7669 Make a devi\n+0002d1c0: 6365 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 ce from a filesy\n+0002d1d0: 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 206c 733a stem image.* ls:\n+0002d1e0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 List \n+0002d200: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6573 devices or files\n+0002d210: 0a2a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 3a3a 2020 2020 .* lsfonts:: \n+0002d220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d230: 204c 6973 7420 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6f6e List loaded fon\n+0002d240: 7473 0a2a 206c 736d 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 ts.* lsmod:: \n 0002d250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d260: 2053 686f 7720 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 6f64 Show loaded mod\n-0002d270: 756c 6573 0a2a 206d 6435 7375 6d3a 3a20 ules.* md5sum:: \n-0002d280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d290: 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 Compute or \n-0002d2a0: 6368 6563 6b20 4d44 3520 6861 7368 0a2a check MD5 hash.*\n-0002d2b0: 206d 6f64 756c 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 module:: \n-0002d2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n-0002d2d0: 6f61 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 206d oad module for m\n-0002d2e0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a ultiboot kernel.\n-0002d2f0: 2a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 * multiboot:: \n+0002d260: 2020 2053 686f 7720 6c6f 6164 6564 206d Show loaded m\n+0002d270: 6f64 756c 6573 0a2a 206d 6435 7375 6d3a odules.* md5sum:\n+0002d280: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d290: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f Compute o\n+0002d2a0: 7220 6368 6563 6b20 4d44 3520 6861 7368 r check MD5 hash\n+0002d2b0: 0a2a 206d 6f64 756c 653a 3a20 2020 2020 .* module:: \n+0002d2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d2d0: 204c 6f61 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 Load module for\n+0002d2e0: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 multiboot kerne\n+0002d2f0: 6c0a 2a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a 3a20 l.* multiboot:: \n 0002d300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d310: 4c6f 6164 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2063 Load multiboot c\n-0002d320: 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a ompliant kernel.\n-0002d330: 2a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 3a3a 2020 * nativedisk:: \n+0002d310: 2020 4c6f 6164 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 Load multiboot\n+0002d320: 2063 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 206b 6572 6e65 compliant kerne\n+0002d330: 6c0a 2a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 3a3a l.* nativedisk::\n 0002d340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d350: 5377 6974 6368 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 Switch to native\n-0002d360: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6572 730a 2a20 disk drivers.* \n-0002d370: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 normal:: \n-0002d380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e En\n-0002d390: 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a ter normal mode.\n-0002d3a0: 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 743a 3a20 * normal_exit:: \n-0002d3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d3c0: 4578 6974 2066 726f 6d20 6e6f 726d 616c Exit from normal\n-0002d3d0: 206d 6f64 650a 2a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c mode.* parttool\n-0002d3e0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d3f0: 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 6469 6679 2070 6172 Modify par\n-0002d400: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 tition table ent\n-0002d410: 7269 6573 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a ries.* password:\n-0002d420: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d430: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 2063 6c65 6172 Set a clear\n-0002d440: 2d74 6578 7420 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a2a -text password.*\n-0002d450: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 password_pbkdf2\n-0002d460: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 :: S\n-0002d470: 6574 2061 2068 6173 6865 6420 7061 7373 et a hashed pass\n-0002d480: 776f 7264 0a2a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e word.* plainmoun\n-0002d490: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-0002d4a0: 2020 2020 204f 7065 6e20 6465 7669 6365 Open device\n-0002d4b0: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2069 6e20 706c encrypted in pl\n-0002d4c0: 6169 6e20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 2070 6c61 793a ain mode.* play:\n-0002d4d0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 Play a \n-0002d4f0: 7475 6e65 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a3a 2020 tune.* probe:: \n+0002d350: 2020 5377 6974 6368 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 Switch to nati\n+0002d360: 7665 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6572 730a ve disk drivers.\n+0002d370: 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * normal:: \n+0002d380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d390: 456e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 Enter normal mod\n+0002d3a0: 650a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 743a e.* normal_exit:\n+0002d3b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d3c0: 2020 4578 6974 2066 726f 6d20 6e6f 726d Exit from norm\n+0002d3d0: 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2a20 7061 7274 746f al mode.* partto\n+0002d3e0: 6f6c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ol:: \n+0002d3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 6469 6679 2070 Modify p\n+0002d400: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 artition table e\n+0002d410: 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ntries.* passwor\n+0002d420: 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d:: \n+0002d430: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 2063 6c65 Set a cle\n+0002d440: 6172 2d74 6578 7420 7061 7373 776f 7264 ar-text password\n+0002d450: 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 .* password_pbkd\n+0002d460: 6632 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f2:: \n+0002d470: 2053 6574 2061 2068 6173 6865 6420 7061 Set a hashed pa\n+0002d480: 7373 776f 7264 0a2a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f ssword.* plainmo\n+0002d490: 756e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 unt:: \n+0002d4a0: 2020 2020 2020 204f 7065 6e20 6465 7669 Open devi\n+0002d4b0: 6365 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2069 6e20 ce encrypted in \n+0002d4c0: 706c 6169 6e20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 2070 6c61 plain mode.* pla\n+0002d4d0: 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y:: \n+0002d4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 Play \n+0002d4f0: 6120 7475 6e65 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a3a a tune.* probe::\n 0002d500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d510: 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 6465 Retrieve de\n-0002d520: 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f0a 2a20 7264 6d73 vice info.* rdms\n-0002d530: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r:: \n-0002d540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 2076 Read v\n-0002d550: 616c 7565 7320 6672 6f6d 206d 6f64 656c alues from model\n-0002d560: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 -specific regist\n-0002d570: 6572 730a 2a20 7265 6164 3a3a 2020 2020 ers.* read:: \n+0002d510: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 Retrieve \n+0002d520: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f0a 2a20 7264 device info.* rd\n+0002d530: 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 msr:: \n+0002d540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 Read\n+0002d550: 2076 616c 7565 7320 6672 6f6d 206d 6f64 values from mod\n+0002d560: 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 el-specific regi\n+0002d570: 7374 6572 730a 2a20 7265 6164 3a3a 2020 sters.* read:: \n 0002d580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d590: 2020 2020 5265 6164 2075 7365 7220 696e Read user in\n-0002d5a0: 7075 740a 2a20 7265 626f 6f74 3a3a 2020 put.* reboot:: \n+0002d590: 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 2075 7365 7220 Read user \n+0002d5a0: 696e 7075 740a 2a20 7265 626f 6f74 3a3a input.* reboot::\n 0002d5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d5c0: 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 7220 Reboot your \n-0002d5d0: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 computer.* regex\n-0002d5e0: 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p:: \n-0002d5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 6966 Test if\n-0002d600: 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 regular express\n-0002d610: 696f 6e20 6d61 7463 6865 7320 7374 7269 ion matches stri\n-0002d620: 6e67 0a2a 2072 6d6d 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 ng.* rmmod:: \n+0002d5c0: 2020 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 Reboot you\n+0002d5d0: 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 0a2a 2072 6567 r computer.* reg\n+0002d5e0: 6578 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 exp:: \n+0002d5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 Test \n+0002d600: 6966 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 if regular expre\n+0002d610: 7373 696f 6e20 6d61 7463 6865 7320 7374 ssion matches st\n+0002d620: 7269 6e67 0a2a 2072 6d6d 6f64 3a3a 2020 ring.* rmmod:: \n 0002d630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d640: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6d6f 6475 Remove a modu\n-0002d650: 6c65 0a2a 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a20 le.* save_env:: \n-0002d660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d670: 2020 2053 6176 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 Save variable\n-0002d680: 7320 746f 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 s to environment\n-0002d690: 2062 6c6f 636b 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 683a block.* search:\n-0002d6a0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6465 Search de\n-0002d6c0: 7669 6365 7320 6279 2066 696c 652c 206c vices by file, l\n-0002d6d0: 6162 656c 2c20 6f72 2055 5549 440a 2a20 abel, or UUID.* \n-0002d6e0: 7365 6e64 6b65 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 sendkey:: \n-0002d6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d Em\n-0002d700: 756c 6174 6520 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 ulate keystrokes\n-0002d710: 0a2a 2073 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* set:: \n+0002d640: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6d6f Remove a mo\n+0002d650: 6475 6c65 0a2a 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a dule.* save_env:\n+0002d660: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d670: 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 7661 7269 6162 Save variab\n+0002d680: 6c65 7320 746f 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 les to environme\n+0002d690: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 nt block.* searc\n+0002d6a0: 683a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h:: \n+0002d6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 Search \n+0002d6c0: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 2066 696c 652c devices by file,\n+0002d6d0: 206c 6162 656c 2c20 6f72 2055 5549 440a label, or UUID.\n+0002d6e0: 2a20 7365 6e64 6b65 793a 3a20 2020 2020 * sendkey:: \n+0002d6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d700: 456d 756c 6174 6520 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b Emulate keystrok\n+0002d710: 6573 0a2a 2073 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 es.* set:: \n 0002d720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d730: 2053 6574 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Set an environm\n-0002d740: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2073 ent variable.* s\n-0002d750: 6861 3173 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ha1sum:: \n-0002d760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d Com\n-0002d770: 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 pute or check SH\n-0002d780: 4131 2068 6173 680a 2a20 7368 6132 3536 A1 hash.* sha256\n-0002d790: 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum:: \n-0002d7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 Compute \n-0002d7b0: 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3235 3620 or check SHA256 \n-0002d7c0: 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d hash.* sha512sum\n-0002d7d0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d7e0: 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 Compute or \n-0002d7f0: 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4135 3132 2068 6173 check SHA512 has\n-0002d800: 680a 2a20 736c 6565 703a 3a20 2020 2020 h.* sleep:: \n+0002d730: 2020 2053 6574 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f Set an enviro\n+0002d740: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a nment variable.*\n+0002d750: 2073 6861 3173 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 sha1sum:: \n+0002d760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n+0002d770: 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 ompute or check \n+0002d780: 5348 4131 2068 6173 680a 2a20 7368 6132 SHA1 hash.* sha2\n+0002d790: 3536 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 56sum:: \n+0002d7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 Comput\n+0002d7b0: 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3235 e or check SHA25\n+0002d7c0: 3620 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 6 hash.* sha512s\n+0002d7d0: 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um:: \n+0002d7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f Compute o\n+0002d7f0: 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4135 3132 2068 r check SHA512 h\n+0002d800: 6173 680a 2a20 736c 6565 703a 3a20 2020 ash.* sleep:: \n 0002d810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d820: 2020 5761 6974 2066 6f72 2061 2073 7065 Wait for a spe\n-0002d830: 6369 6669 6564 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 cified number of\n-0002d840: 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f seconds.* smbio\n-0002d850: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n-0002d860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 Retriev\n-0002d870: 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 e SMBIOS informa\n-0002d880: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 3a20 tion.* source:: \n-0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d8a0: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 636f 6e66 Read a conf\n-0002d8b0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n-0002d8c0: 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a2a n same context.*\n-0002d8d0: 2074 6573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 test:: \n-0002d8e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n-0002d8f0: 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 7320 heck file types \n-0002d900: 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 6c75 and compare valu\n-0002d910: 6573 0a2a 2074 7275 653a 3a20 2020 2020 es.* true:: \n+0002d820: 2020 2020 5761 6974 2066 6f72 2061 2073 Wait for a s\n+0002d830: 7065 6369 6669 6564 206e 756d 6265 7220 pecified number \n+0002d840: 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 0a2a 2073 6d62 of seconds.* smb\n+0002d850: 696f 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ios:: \n+0002d860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 Retri\n+0002d870: 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 eve SMBIOS infor\n+0002d880: 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a mation.* source:\n+0002d890: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d8a0: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 636f Read a co\n+0002d8b0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+0002d8c0: 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 in same context\n+0002d8d0: 0a2a 2074 6573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* test:: \n+0002d8e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d8f0: 2043 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 Check file type\n+0002d900: 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 s and compare va\n+0002d910: 6c75 6573 0a2a 2074 7275 653a 3a20 2020 lues.* true:: \n 0002d920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d930: 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2073 Do nothing, s\n-0002d940: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 790a 2a20 7472 uccessfully.* tr\n-0002d950: 7573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ust:: \n-0002d960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 Add \n-0002d970: 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2074 6f20 6c69 public key to li\n-0002d980: 7374 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 st of trusted ke\n-0002d990: 7973 0a2a 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 ys.* unset:: \n+0002d930: 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c Do nothing,\n+0002d940: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 790a 2a20 successfully.* \n+0002d950: 7472 7573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 trust:: \n+0002d960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 Ad\n+0002d970: 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2074 6f20 d public key to \n+0002d980: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 list of trusted \n+0002d990: 6b65 7973 0a2a 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 2020 keys.* unset:: \n 0002d9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d9b0: 2020 2055 6e73 6574 2061 6e20 656e 7669 Unset an envi\n-0002d9c0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-0002d9d0: 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 .* verify_detach\n-0002d9e0: 6564 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed:: \n-0002d9f0: 2056 6572 6966 7920 6465 7461 6368 6564 Verify detached\n-0002da00: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n-0002da10: 7265 0a2a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 3a3a re.* videoinfo::\n-0002da20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002da30: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c List availabl\n-0002da40: 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 730a 2a20 e video modes.* \n-0002da50: 7772 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 wrmsr:: \n-0002da60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5772 Wr\n-0002da70: 6974 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2074 6f20 6d6f ite values to mo\n-0002da80: 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 del-specific reg\n-0002da90: 6973 7465 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 isters....File: \n-0002daa0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002dab0: 3a20 5b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6163 7069 : [, Next: acpi\n-0002dac0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002dad0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002dae0: 2e34 2e31 205b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .4.1 [.--------.\n-0002daf0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 5b20 . -- Command: [ \n-0002db00: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 205d 0a20 2020 expression ]. \n-0002db10: 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9874 Alias for ...t\n-0002db20: 6573 7420 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e e280 est EXPRESSION..\n-0002db30: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6573 743a 3a29 . (*note test::)\n-0002db40: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002db50: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 6370 info, Node: acp\n-0002db60: 692c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6175 7468 656e i, Next: authen\n-0002db70: 7469 6361 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 205b ticate, Prev: [\n-0002db80: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002db90: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002dba0: 2e34 2e32 2061 6370 690a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.2 acpi.------\n-0002dbb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002dbc0: 6e64 3a20 6163 7069 205b 2d31 7c2d 325d nd: acpi [-1|-2]\n-0002dbd0: 205b 2d2d 6578 636c 7564 653d 7461 626c [--exclude=tabl\n-0002dbe0: 6531 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d 2d6c 6f61 642d 6f6e e1,...|--load-on\n-0002dbf0: 6c79 3d74 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 ly=table1,...]. \n-0002dc00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d69 [--oemi\n-0002dc10: 643d 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c d=id] [--oemtabl\n-0002dc20: 653d 7461 626c 655d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 e=table] [--oemt\n-0002dc30: 6162 6c65 7265 763d 7265 765d 0a20 2020 ablerev=rev]. \n-0002dc40: 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 [--oemtab\n-0002dc50: 6c65 6372 6561 746f 723d 6372 6561 746f lecreator=creato\n-0002dc60: 725d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 r] [--oemtablecr\n-0002dc70: 6561 746f 7272 6576 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 eatorrev=rev]. \n-0002dc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6562 [--no-eb\n-0002dc90: 6461 5d20 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 202e 2e2e da] filename ...\n-0002dca0: 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2042 494f . Modern BIO\n-0002dcb0: 5320 7379 7374 656d 7320 6e6f 726d 616c S systems normal\n-0002dcc0: 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 ly implement the\n-0002dcd0: 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 436f 6e66 6967 Advanced Config\n-0002dce0: 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 uration. and\n-0002dcf0: 2050 6f77 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 Power Interface\n-0002dd00: 2028 4143 5049 292c 2061 6e64 2064 6566 (ACPI), and def\n-0002dd10: 696e 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7461 626c ine various tabl\n-0002dd20: 6573 2074 6861 7420 6465 7363 7269 6265 es that describe\n-0002dd30: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 696e 7465 7266 . the interf\n-0002dd40: 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2041 ace between an A\n-0002dd50: 4350 492d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6f70 CPI-compliant op\n-0002dd60: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 erating system a\n-0002dd70: 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 726d nd the. firm\n-0002dd80: 7761 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 ware. In some c\n-0002dd90: 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7461 626c 6573 ases, the tables\n-0002dda0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2064 6566 provided by def\n-0002ddb0: 6175 6c74 206f 6e6c 7920 776f 726b 0a20 ault only work. \n-0002ddc0: 2020 2020 7765 6c6c 2077 6974 6820 6365 well with ce\n-0002ddd0: 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 rtain operating \n-0002dde0: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 systems, and it \n-0002ddf0: 6d61 7920 6265 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 may be necessary\n-0002de00: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6570 6c61 6365 to. replace\n-0002de10: 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a some of them...\n-0002de20: 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 Normally, t\n-0002de30: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c his command will\n-0002de40: 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2052 6f6f replace the Roo\n-0002de50: 7420 5379 7374 656d 2044 6573 6372 6970 t System Descrip\n-0002de60: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 506f 696e 7465 tion. Pointe\n-0002de70: 7220 2852 5344 5029 2069 6e20 7468 6520 r (RSDP) in the \n-0002de80: 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2042 494f 5320 4461 Extended BIOS Da\n-0002de90: 7461 2041 7265 6120 746f 2070 6f69 6e74 ta Area to point\n-0002dea0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 770a 2020 2020 to the new. \n-0002deb0: 2074 6162 6c65 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 tables. If the\n-0002dec0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 61e2 8099 ...--no-ebda...\n-0002ded0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c option is used,\n-0002dee0: 2074 6865 206e 6577 2074 6162 6c65 7320 the new tables \n-0002def0: 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206b 6e6f will be. kno\n-0002df00: 776e 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2047 5255 422c wn only to GRUB,\n-0002df10: 2062 7574 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 but may be used\n-0002df20: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2773 2045 4649 2065 by GRUB's EFI e\n-0002df30: 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 mulation... \n-0002df40: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e Note: The comman\n-0002df50: 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 d is not allowed\n-0002df60: 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 when lockdown i\n-0002df70: 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 s enforced (*not\n-0002df80: 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a e. Lockdown:\n-0002df90: 3a29 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2061 :). Otherwise a\n-0002dfa0: 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2063 616e 2069 n attacker can i\n-0002dfb0: 6e73 7472 7563 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 nstruct the GRUB\n-0002dfc0: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 616e to load. an\n-0002dfd0: 2053 5344 5420 7461 626c 6520 746f 206f SSDT table to o\n-0002dfe0: 7665 7277 7269 7465 2074 6865 206b 6572 verwrite the ker\n-0002dff0: 6e65 6c20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2063 6f6e nel lockdown con\n-0002e000: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a20 figuration and. \n-0002e010: 2020 2020 6c61 7465 7220 6c6f 6164 2061 later load a\n-0002e020: 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 2075 6e73 6967 nd execute unsig\n-0002e030: 6e65 6420 636f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ned code.....Fil\n-0002e040: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002e050: 6f64 653a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 ode: authenticat\n-0002e060: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 e, Next: backgr\n-0002e070: 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 ound_color, Pre\n-0002e080: 763a 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: acpi, Up: Co\n-0002e090: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002e0a0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3320 6175 7468 nds..17.4.3 auth\n-0002e0b0: 656e 7469 6361 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d enticate.-------\n-0002e0c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002e0d0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 7574 6865 - Command: authe\n-0002e0e0: 6e74 6963 6174 6520 5b75 7365 726c 6973 nticate [userlis\n-0002e0f0: 745d 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 7768 t]. Check wh\n-0002e100: 6574 6865 7220 7573 6572 2069 7320 696e ether user is in\n-0002e110: 2055 5345 524c 4953 5420 6f72 206c 6973 USERLIST or lis\n-0002e120: 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ted in the value\n-0002e130: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c of. variabl\n-0002e140: 6520 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 e ...superusers.\n-0002e150: 8099 2e20 2053 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2073 ... See *note s\n-0002e160: 7570 6572 7573 6572 733a 3a20 666f 7220 uperusers:: for \n-0002e170: 7661 6c69 6420 7573 6572 206c 6973 740a valid user list.\n-0002e180: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4966 format. If\n-0002e190: 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 ...superusers..\n-0002e1a0: 9920 6973 2065 6d70 7479 2c20 7468 6973 . is empty, this\n-0002e1b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 command returns\n-0002e1c0: 2074 7275 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 true.. *Not\n-0002e1d0: 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f e Security::....\n-0002e1e0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002e1f0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f , Node: backgro\n-0002e200: 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 4e65 7874 und_color, Next\n-0002e210: 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 : background_ima\n-0002e220: 6765 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2061 7574 6865 ge, Prev: authe\n-0002e230: 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f nticate, Up: Co\n-0002e240: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002e250: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3420 6261 636b nds..17.4.4 back\n-0002e260: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 0a2d 2d2d ground_color.---\n+0002d9b0: 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 2061 6e20 656e Unset an en\n+0002d9c0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+0002d9d0: 6c65 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 le.* verify_deta\n+0002d9e0: 6368 6564 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ched:: \n+0002d9f0: 2020 2056 6572 6966 7920 6465 7461 6368 Verify detach\n+0002da00: 6564 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ed digital signa\n+0002da10: 7475 7265 0a2a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f ture.* videoinfo\n+0002da20: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002da30: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 List availa\n+0002da40: 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 730a ble video modes.\n+0002da50: 2a20 7772 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * wrmsr:: \n+0002da60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002da70: 5772 6974 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2074 6f20 Write values to \n+0002da80: 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 model-specific r\n+0002da90: 6567 6973 7465 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 egisters....File\n+0002daa0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002dab0: 6465 3a20 5b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6163 de: [, Next: ac\n+0002dac0: 7069 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 pi, Up: Command\n+0002dad0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002dae0: 3137 2e34 2e31 205b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 17.4.1 [.-------\n+0002daf0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002db00: 5b20 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 205d 0a20 [ expression ]. \n+0002db10: 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 Alias for ..\n+0002db20: 9874 6573 7420 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e .test EXPRESSION\n+0002db30: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6573 743a ... (*note test:\n+0002db40: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+0002db50: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 b.info, Node: a\n+0002db60: 6370 692c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6175 7468 cpi, Next: auth\n+0002db70: 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a enticate, Prev:\n+0002db80: 205b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 [, Up: Command\n+0002db90: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002dba0: 3137 2e34 2e32 2061 6370 690a 2d2d 2d2d 17.4.2 acpi.----\n+0002dbb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002dbc0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6163 7069 205b 2d31 7c2d mand: acpi [-1|-\n+0002dbd0: 325d 205b 2d2d 6578 636c 7564 653d 7461 2] [--exclude=ta\n+0002dbe0: 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d 2d6c 6f61 642d ble1,...|--load-\n+0002dbf0: 6f6e 6c79 3d74 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e 2e5d only=table1,...]\n+0002dc00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 . [--oe\n+0002dc10: 6d69 643d 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 mid=id] [--oemta\n+0002dc20: 626c 653d 7461 626c 655d 205b 2d2d 6f65 ble=table] [--oe\n+0002dc30: 6d74 6162 6c65 7265 763d 7265 765d 0a20 mtablerev=rev]. \n+0002dc40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 [--oemt\n+0002dc50: 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f 723d 6372 6561 ablecreator=crea\n+0002dc60: 746f 725d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 tor] [--oemtable\n+0002dc70: 6372 6561 746f 7272 6576 3d72 6576 5d0a creatorrev=rev].\n+0002dc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d [--no-\n+0002dc90: 6562 6461 5d20 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 202e ebda] filename .\n+0002dca0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2042 ... Modern B\n+0002dcb0: 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 7320 6e6f 726d IOS systems norm\n+0002dcc0: 616c 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 ally implement t\n+0002dcd0: 6865 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 436f 6e66 he Advanced Conf\n+0002dce0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 iguration. a\n+0002dcf0: 6e64 2050 6f77 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 nd Power Interfa\n+0002dd00: 6365 2028 4143 5049 292c 2061 6e64 2064 ce (ACPI), and d\n+0002dd10: 6566 696e 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7461 efine various ta\n+0002dd20: 626c 6573 2074 6861 7420 6465 7363 7269 bles that descri\n+0002dd30: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 696e 7465 be. the inte\n+0002dd40: 7266 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e rface between an\n+0002dd50: 2041 4350 492d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 ACPI-compliant \n+0002dd60: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+0002dd70: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 and the. fi\n+0002dd80: 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 rmware. In some\n+0002dd90: 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7461 626c cases, the tabl\n+0002dda0: 6573 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2064 es provided by d\n+0002ddb0: 6566 6175 6c74 206f 6e6c 7920 776f 726b efault only work\n+0002ddc0: 0a20 2020 2020 7765 6c6c 2077 6974 6820 . well with \n+0002ddd0: 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e certain operatin\n+0002dde0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2069 g systems, and i\n+0002ddf0: 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206e 6563 6573 7361 t may be necessa\n+0002de00: 7279 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6570 6c61 ry to. repla\n+0002de10: 6365 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e ce some of them.\n+0002de20: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c .. Normally,\n+0002de30: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 this command wi\n+0002de40: 6c6c 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2052 ll replace the R\n+0002de50: 6f6f 7420 5379 7374 656d 2044 6573 6372 oot System Descr\n+0002de60: 6970 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 506f 696e iption. Poin\n+0002de70: 7465 7220 2852 5344 5029 2069 6e20 7468 ter (RSDP) in th\n+0002de80: 6520 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2042 494f 5320 e Extended BIOS \n+0002de90: 4461 7461 2041 7265 6120 746f 2070 6f69 Data Area to poi\n+0002dea0: 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 770a 2020 nt to the new. \n+0002deb0: 2020 2074 6162 6c65 732e 2020 4966 2074 tables. If t\n+0002dec0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 61e2 he ...--no-ebda.\n+0002ded0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 .. option is use\n+0002dee0: 642c 2074 6865 206e 6577 2074 6162 6c65 d, the new table\n+0002def0: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206b s will be. k\n+0002df00: 6e6f 776e 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2047 5255 nown only to GRU\n+0002df10: 422c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 B, but may be us\n+0002df20: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2773 2045 4649 ed by GRUB's EFI\n+0002df30: 2065 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 emulation... \n+0002df40: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d Note: The comm\n+0002df50: 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 and is not allow\n+0002df60: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e ed when lockdown\n+0002df70: 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e is enforced (*n\n+0002df80: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 ote. Lockdow\n+0002df90: 6e3a 3a29 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 n::). Otherwise\n+0002dfa0: 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2063 616e an attacker can\n+0002dfb0: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7420 7468 6520 4752 instruct the GR\n+0002dfc0: 5542 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 UB to load. \n+0002dfd0: 616e 2053 5344 5420 7461 626c 6520 746f an SSDT table to\n+0002dfe0: 206f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2074 6865 206b overwrite the k\n+0002dff0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2063 ernel lockdown c\n+0002e000: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 onfiguration and\n+0002e010: 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7465 7220 6c6f 6164 . later load\n+0002e020: 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 2075 6e73 and execute uns\n+0002e030: 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 igned code.....F\n+0002e040: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002e050: 204e 6f64 653a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 Node: authentic\n+0002e060: 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b ate, Next: back\n+0002e070: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2050 ground_color, P\n+0002e080: 7265 763a 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: acpi, Up: \n+0002e090: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002e0a0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3320 6175 mands..17.4.3 au\n+0002e0b0: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d thenticate.-----\n+0002e0c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002e0d0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 7574 -- Command: aut\n+0002e0e0: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 6520 5b75 7365 726c henticate [userl\n+0002e0f0: 6973 745d 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 ist]. Check \n+0002e100: 7768 6574 6865 7220 7573 6572 2069 7320 whether user is \n+0002e110: 696e 2055 5345 524c 4953 5420 6f72 206c in USERLIST or l\n+0002e120: 6973 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2076 616c isted in the val\n+0002e130: 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 ue of. varia\n+0002e140: 626c 6520 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 ble ...superuser\n+0002e150: 73e2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 s.... See *note\n+0002e160: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 733a 3a20 666f superusers:: fo\n+0002e170: 7220 7661 6c69 6420 7573 6572 206c 6973 r valid user lis\n+0002e180: 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 t. format. \n+0002e190: 4966 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 If ...superusers\n+0002e1a0: e280 9920 6973 2065 6d70 7479 2c20 7468 ... is empty, th\n+0002e1b0: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 is command retur\n+0002e1c0: 6e73 2074 7275 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e ns true.. *N\n+0002e1d0: 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a ote Security::..\n+0002e1e0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002e1f0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 fo, Node: backg\n+0002e200: 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 4e65 round_color, Ne\n+0002e210: 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 xt: background_i\n+0002e220: 6d61 6765 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2061 7574 mage, Prev: aut\n+0002e230: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 henticate, Up: \n+0002e240: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002e250: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3420 6261 mands..17.4.4 ba\n+0002e260: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 0a2d ckground_color.-\n 0002e270: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002e280: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002e290: 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f d: background_co\n-0002e2a0: 6c6f 7220 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2053 lor color. S\n-0002e2b0: 6574 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f et background co\n-0002e2c0: 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 lor for active t\n-0002e2d0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 466f 7220 7661 erminal. For va\n-0002e2e0: 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2073 lid color. s\n-0002e2f0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 7365 pecifications se\n-0002e300: 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6c6f 7273 3a20 e *note Colors: \n-0002e310: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n-0002e320: 742e 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 t. Background. \n-0002e330: 2020 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 6361 6e20 6265 color can be\n-0002e340: 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 changed only wh\n-0002e350: 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 7874 en using ...gfxt\n-0002e360: 6572 6de2 8099 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 erm... for termi\n-0002e370: 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 nal output... \n-0002e380: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 This command s\n-0002e390: 6574 7320 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2065 6d70 ets color of emp\n-0002e3a0: 7479 2061 7265 6173 2077 6974 686f 7574 ty areas without\n-0002e3b0: 2074 6578 742e 2020 5465 7874 0a20 2020 text. Text. \n-0002e3c0: 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c background col\n-0002e3d0: 6f72 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 or is controlled\n-0002e3e0: 2062 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 by environment \n-0002e3f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 2020 2020 2043 variables. C\n-0002e400: 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 2043 4f4c OLOR_NORMAL, COL\n-0002e410: 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2c20 4d45 OR_HIGHLIGHT, ME\n-0002e420: 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c NU_COLOR_NORMAL,\n-0002e430: 0a20 2020 2020 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 . MENU_COLOR\n-0002e440: 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2e20 202a 4e6f _HIGHLIGHT. *No\n-0002e450: 7465 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 te Special envir\n-0002e460: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-0002e470: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-0002e480: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 b.info, Node: b\n-0002e490: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c ackground_image,\n-0002e4a0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 Next: badram, \n-0002e4b0: 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e Prev: backgroun\n-0002e4c0: 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f d_color, Up: Co\n-0002e4d0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002e4e0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3520 6261 636b nds..17.4.5 back\n-0002e4f0: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 0a2d 2d2d ground_image.---\n+0002e280: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002e290: 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f and: background_\n+0002e2a0: 636f 6c6f 7220 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 color color. \n+0002e2b0: 2053 6574 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 Set background \n+0002e2c0: 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 color for active\n+0002e2d0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 466f 7220 terminal. For \n+0002e2e0: 7661 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 valid color. \n+0002e2f0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 specifications \n+0002e300: 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6c6f 7273 see *note Colors\n+0002e310: 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 : Theme file for\n+0002e320: 6d61 742e 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 mat. Background\n+0002e330: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 6361 6e20 . color can \n+0002e340: 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 be changed only \n+0002e350: 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 when using ...gf\n+0002e360: 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2066 6f72 2074 6572 xterm... for ter\n+0002e370: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a20 minal output... \n+0002e380: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n+0002e390: 2073 6574 7320 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2065 sets color of e\n+0002e3a0: 6d70 7479 2061 7265 6173 2077 6974 686f mpty areas witho\n+0002e3b0: 7574 2074 6578 742e 2020 5465 7874 0a20 ut text. Text. \n+0002e3c0: 2020 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 background c\n+0002e3d0: 6f6c 6f72 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c olor is controll\n+0002e3e0: 6564 2062 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ed by environmen\n+0002e3f0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 2020 2020 t variables. \n+0002e400: 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 2043 COLOR_NORMAL, C\n+0002e410: 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2c20 OLOR_HIGHLIGHT, \n+0002e420: 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 MENU_COLOR_NORMA\n+0002e430: 4c2c 0a20 2020 2020 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c L,. MENU_COL\n+0002e440: 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2e20 202a OR_HIGHLIGHT. *\n+0002e450: 4e6f 7465 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Note Special env\n+0002e460: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+0002e470: 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 es::.....File: g\n+0002e480: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002e490: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 background_imag\n+0002e4a0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 6472 616d e, Next: badram\n+0002e4b0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f , Prev: backgro\n+0002e4c0: 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 und_color, Up: \n+0002e4d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002e4e0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3520 6261 mands..17.4.5 ba\n+0002e4f0: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 0a2d ckground_image.-\n 0002e500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002e510: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002e520: 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d d: background_im\n-0002e530: 6167 6520 5b5b 2d2d 6d6f 6465 2073 7472 age [[--mode str\n-0002e540: 6574 6368 7c6e 6f72 6d61 6c5d 2066 696c etch|normal] fil\n-0002e550: 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2062 6163 e]. Load bac\n-0002e560: 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 666f kground image fo\n-0002e570: 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 r active termina\n-0002e580: 6c20 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 496d l from FILE. Im\n-0002e590: 6167 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7265 age is. stre\n-0002e5a0: 7463 6865 6420 746f 2066 696c 6c20 7570 tched to fill up\n-0002e5b0: 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 7265 656e 2075 entire screen u\n-0002e5c0: 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 nless option ...\n-0002e5d0: 2d2d 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 e280 986e 6f72 --mode... ...nor\n-0002e5e0: 6d61 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 mal.... is g\n-0002e5f0: 6976 656e 2e20 2057 6974 686f 7574 2061 iven. Without a\n-0002e600: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 6520 rguments remove \n-0002e610: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 currently loaded\n-0002e620: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 background. \n-0002e630: 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2042 6163 6b67 726f image. Backgro\n-0002e640: 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 und image can be\n-0002e650: 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 changed only wh\n-0002e660: 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 7874 en using ...gfxt\n-0002e670: 6572 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 erm.... for \n-0002e680: 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 742e terminal output.\n-0002e690: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002e6a0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 6472 nfo, Node: badr\n-0002e6b0: 616d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6c6f 636b am, Next: block\n-0002e6c0: 6c69 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 list, Prev: bac\n-0002e6d0: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 kground_image, \n-0002e6e0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002e6f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002e700: 3620 6261 6472 616d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6 badram.-------\n-0002e710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002e720: 616e 643a 2062 6164 7261 6d20 6164 6472 and: badram addr\n-0002e730: 2c6d 6173 6b5b 2c61 6464 722c 6d61 736b ,mask[,addr,mask\n-0002e740: 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c74 6572 ...]. Filter\n-0002e750: 206f 7574 2062 6164 2052 414d 2e0a 0a20 out bad RAM... \n-0002e760: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n-0002e770: 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6d65 notifies the me\n-0002e780: 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 6861 mory manager tha\n-0002e790: 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 t specified regi\n-0002e7a0: 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4d20 ons of. RAM \n-0002e7b0: 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 ought to be filt\n-0002e7c0: 6572 6564 206f 7574 2028 7573 7561 6c6c ered out (usuall\n-0002e7d0: 792c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7927 y, because they'\n-0002e7e0: 7265 2064 616d 6167 6564 292e 0a20 2020 re damaged).. \n-0002e7f0: 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d 6169 6e73 2069 This remains i\n-0002e800: 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 6674 6572 2061 n effect after a\n-0002e810: 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 payload kernel \n-0002e820: 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 has been loaded \n-0002e830: 6279 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2c20 6173 by. GRUB, as\n-0002e840: 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 206c 6f61 long as the loa\n-0002e850: 6465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 6169 ded kernel obtai\n-0002e860: 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 ns its memory ma\n-0002e870: 7020 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 p from. GRUB\n-0002e880: 2e20 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 . Kernels that \n-0002e890: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 2069 6e63 support this inc\n-0002e8a0: 6c75 6465 204c 696e 7578 2c20 474e 5520 lude Linux, GNU \n-0002e8b0: 4d61 6368 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206b Mach, the. k\n-0002e8c0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 ernel of FreeBSD\n-0002e8d0: 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b and Multiboot k\n-0002e8e0: 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 ernels in genera\n-0002e8f0: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 796e 7461 7820 l... Syntax \n-0002e900: 6973 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2070 is the same as p\n-0002e910: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 204d rovided by the M\n-0002e920: 656d 7465 7374 3836 2b20 7574 696c 6974 emtest86+ utilit\n-0002e930: 790a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 y. (http://w\n-0002e940: 7777 2e6d 656d 7465 7374 2e6f 7267 2f29 ww.memtest.org/)\n-0002e950: 3a20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6164 6472 : a list of addr\n-0002e960: 6573 732f 6d61 736b 2070 6169 7273 2e20 ess/mask pairs. \n-0002e970: 2047 6976 656e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 Given a. pa\n-0002e980: 6765 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 2061 6464 7265 ge-aligned addre\n-0002e990: 7373 2061 6e64 2061 2062 6173 6520 6164 ss and a base ad\n-0002e9a0: 6472 6573 7320 2f20 6d61 736b 2070 6169 dress / mask pai\n-0002e9b0: 722c 2069 6620 616c 6c20 7468 650a 2020 r, if all the. \n-0002e9c0: 2020 2062 6974 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2070 bits of the p\n-0002e9d0: 6167 652d 616c 6967 6e65 6420 6164 6472 age-aligned addr\n-0002e9e0: 6573 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2065 6e61 ess that are ena\n-0002e9f0: 626c 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6d61 736b bled by the mask\n-0002ea00: 206d 6174 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 match. with\n-0002ea10: 2074 6865 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 6573 the base addres\n-0002ea20: 732c 2069 7420 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6973 s, it means this\n-0002ea30: 2070 6167 6520 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 page is to be f\n-0002ea40: 696c 7465 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 iltered. This. \n-0002ea50: 2020 2020 7379 6e74 6178 206d 616b 6573 syntax makes\n-0002ea60: 2069 7420 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7265 7072 it easy to repr\n-0002ea70: 6573 656e 7420 7061 7474 6572 6e73 2074 esent patterns t\n-0002ea80: 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 7265 hat are often re\n-0002ea90: 7375 6c74 206f 660a 2020 2020 206d 656d sult of. mem\n-0002eaa0: 6f72 7920 6461 6d61 6765 2c20 6475 6520 ory damage, due \n-0002eab0: 746f 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6469 7374 to physical dist\n-0002eac0: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6d65 6d6f ribution of memo\n-0002ead0: 7279 2063 656c 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ry cells... \n-0002eae0: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 The command is s\n-0002eaf0: 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9863 7574 imilar to ...cut\n-0002eb00: 6d65 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a mem... command..\n-0002eb10: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 . Note: The \n-0002eb20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 command is not a\n-0002eb30: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b llowed when lock\n-0002eb40: 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 down is enforced\n-0002eb50: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 (*note. Loc\n-0002eb60: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 kdown::). This \n-0002eb70: 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e prevents removin\n-0002eb80: 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 g EFI memory reg\n-0002eb90: 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 ions to. pot\n-0002eba0: 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 entially subvert\n-0002ebb0: 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 the security me\n-0002ebc0: 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 chanisms provide\n-0002ebd0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 d by the UEFI. \n-0002ebe0: 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a secure boot..\n-0002ebf0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002ec00: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f 636b fo, Node: block\n-0002ec10: 6c69 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6f6f list, Next: boo\n-0002ec20: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6261 6472 616d t, Prev: badram\n-0002ec30: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002ec40: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002ec50: 2e34 2e37 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a2d .4.7 blocklist.-\n-0002ec60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0002ec70: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626c . -- Command: bl\n-0002ec80: 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 ocklist file. \n-0002ec90: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 Print a block \n-0002eca0: 6c69 7374 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 list (*note Bloc\n-0002ecb0: 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 k list syntax::)\n-0002ecc0: 2066 6f72 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 for FILE.....Fi\n-0002ecd0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002ece0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 Node: boot, Nex\n-0002ecf0: 743a 2063 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 t: cat, Prev: b\n-0002ed00: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 locklist, Up: C\n-0002ed10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-0002ed20: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 2062 6f6f ands..17.4.8 boo\n-0002ed30: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 t.-----------.. \n-0002ed40: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626f 6f74 -- Command: boot\n-0002ed50: 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 204f . Boot the O\n-0002ed60: 5320 6f72 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 S or chain-loade\n-0002ed70: 7220 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6265 656e r which has been\n-0002ed80: 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206e loaded. Only n\n-0002ed90: 6563 6573 7361 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6966 ecessary. if\n-0002eda0: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2066 756c running the ful\n-0002edb0: 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 2063 ly interactive c\n-0002edc0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 2869 7420 ommand-line (it \n-0002edd0: 6973 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 7420 6174 0a20 is implicit at. \n-0002ede0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2061 the end of a\n-0002edf0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7929 2e0a 0a1f menu entry)....\n-0002ee00: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002ee10: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6174 2c20 204e , Node: cat, N\n-0002ee20: 6578 743a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 2050 7265 ext: clear, Pre\n-0002ee30: 763a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: boot, Up: Co\n-0002ee40: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002ee50: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3920 6361 740a nds..17.4.9 cat.\n-0002ee60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002ee70: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6174 205b 2d2d Command: cat [--\n-0002ee80: 646f 735d 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2044 dos] file. D\n-0002ee90: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 isplay the conte\n-0002eea0: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 nts of the file \n-0002eeb0: 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d FILE. This comm\n-0002eec0: 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 and may be usefu\n-0002eed0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7265 6d69 6e64 l. to remind\n-0002eee0: 2079 6f75 206f 6620 796f 7572 204f 5327 you of your OS'\n-0002eef0: 7320 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e s root partition\n-0002ef00: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-0002ef10: 623e 2063 6174 202f 6574 632f 6673 7461 b> cat /etc/fsta\n-0002ef20: 620a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 b.. If the .\n-0002ef30: 8098 2d2d 646f 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f ..--dos... optio\n-0002ef40: 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 n is used, then \n-0002ef50: 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 carriage return \n-0002ef60: 2f20 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 / new line. \n-0002ef70: 7061 6972 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 pairs will be di\n-0002ef80: 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6173 2061 2073 696d splayed as a sim\n-0002ef90: 706c 6520 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 204f ple new line. O\n-0002efa0: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 650a 2020 therwise, the. \n-0002efb0: 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 carriage retu\n-0002efc0: 726e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c rn will be displ\n-0002efd0: 6179 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e74 726f ayed as a contro\n-0002efe0: 6c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 28e2 8098 l character (...\n-0002eff0: 3c64 3ee2 8099 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ...) to. \n-0002f000: 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 make it easier t\n-0002f010: 6f20 7365 6520 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7420 o see when boot \n-0002f020: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2061 7265 2063 6175 problems are cau\n-0002f030: 7365 6420 6279 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 sed by a file. \n-0002f040: 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2075 7369 formatted usi\n-0002f050: 6e67 2044 4f53 2d73 7479 6c65 206c 696e ng DOS-style lin\n-0002f060: 6520 656e 6469 6e67 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 e endings... \n-0002f070: 204e 6f74 653a 20e2 8098 6361 74e2 8099 Note: ...cat...\n-0002f080: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n-0002f090: 7669 6577 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 view the content\n-0002f0a0: 7320 6f66 2064 6576 6963 6573 2075 7369 s of devices usi\n-0002f0b0: 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 ng the. bloc\n-0002f0c0: 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a k list syntax (*\n-0002f0d0: 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 note Block list \n-0002f0e0: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 486f 7765 syntax::). Howe\n-0002f0f0: 7665 722c 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 ver, it is not. \n-0002f100: 2020 2020 6164 7669 7365 6420 746f 2076 advised to v\n-0002f110: 6965 7720 6269 6e61 7279 2064 6174 6120 iew binary data \n-0002f120: 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 2077 696c 6c20 because it will \n-0002f130: 7472 7920 746f 2064 6563 6f64 6520 5554 try to decode UT\n-0002f140: 462d 380a 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e 6773 F-8. strings\n-0002f150: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6c65 6164 , which can lead\n-0002f160: 2074 6f20 736f 6d65 2062 7974 6573 206d to some bytes m\n-0002f170: 6973 7369 6e67 206f 7220 6164 6465 6420 issing or added \n-0002f180: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 7470 in the. outp\n-0002f190: 7574 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 7573 ut. Instead, us\n-0002f1a0: 6520 7468 6520 e280 9868 6578 6475 6d70 e the ...hexdump\n-0002f1b0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ... command (*no\n-0002f1c0: 7465 2068 6578 6475 6d70 3a3a 292e 0a0a te hexdump::)...\n-0002f1d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002f1e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636c 6561 722c o, Node: clear,\n-0002f1f0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 Next: cmosclea\n-0002f200: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6361 742c 2020 n, Prev: cat, \n-0002f210: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002f220: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002f230: 3130 2063 6c65 6172 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 10 clear.-------\n-0002f240: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002f250: 616e 643a 2063 6c65 6172 0a20 2020 2020 and: clear. \n-0002f260: 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e Clear the screen\n-0002f270: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002f280: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f info, Node: cmo\n-0002f290: 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 sclean, Next: c\n-0002f2a0: 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 mosdump, Prev: \n-0002f2b0: 636c 6561 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d clear, Up: Comm\n-0002f2c0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0002f2d0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3131 2063 6d6f 7363 s..17.4.11 cmosc\n-0002f2e0: 6c65 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lean.-----------\n-0002f2f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002f300: 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2062 and: cmosclean b\n-0002f310: 7974 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 yte:bit. Cle\n-0002f320: 6172 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 ar value of bit \n-0002f330: 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 in CMOS at locat\n-0002f340: 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2054 ion BYTE:BIT. T\n-0002f350: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 his command is. \n-0002f360: 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e available on\n-0002f370: 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 ly on platforms \n-0002f380: 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f that support CMO\n-0002f390: 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 S.....File: grub\n-0002f3a0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .info, Node: cm\n-0002f3b0: 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 osdump, Next: c\n-0002f3c0: 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 mostest, Prev: \n-0002f3d0: 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 cmosclean, Up: \n-0002f3e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002f3f0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3132 2063 mands..17.4.12 c\n-0002f400: 6d6f 7364 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mosdump.--------\n-0002f410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 4475 --------.. -- Du\n-0002f420: 6d70 3a20 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 mp: CMOS content\n-0002f430: 730a 2020 2020 2044 756d 7020 6675 6c6c s. Dump full\n-0002f440: 2043 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2061 CMOS contents a\n-0002f450: 7320 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 7661 s hexadecimal va\n-0002f460: 6c75 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d lues. This comm\n-0002f470: 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 and is. avai\n-0002f480: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c lable only on pl\n-0002f490: 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 atforms that sup\n-0002f4a0: 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 port CMOS.....Fi\n-0002f4b0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002f4c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 Node: cmostest, \n-0002f4d0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 Next: cmp, Pre\n-0002f4e0: 763a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 5570 v: cmosdump, Up\n-0002f4f0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002f500: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3133 ommands..17.4.13\n-0002f510: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cmostest.------\n-0002f520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002f530: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 Command: cmostes\n-0002f540: 7420 6279 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 t byte:bit. \n-0002f550: 5465 7374 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 Test value of bi\n-0002f560: 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 t in CMOS at loc\n-0002f570: 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 ation BYTE:BIT. \n-0002f580: 2045 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 730a Exit status is.\n-0002f590: 2020 2020 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2062 6974 zero if bit\n-0002f5a0: 2069 7320 7365 742c 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 is set, non zer\n-0002f5b0: 6f20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e 2020 5468 o otherwise. Th\n-0002f5c0: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6176 is command is av\n-0002f5d0: 6169 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c ailable. onl\n-0002f5e0: 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 y on platforms t\n-0002f5f0: 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 hat support CMOS\n-0002f600: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002f610: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 info, Node: cmp\n-0002f620: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 , Next: configf\n-0002f630: 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 ile, Prev: cmos\n-0002f640: 7465 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 test, Up: Comma\n-0002f650: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002f660: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3420 636d 700a 2d2d ..17.4.14 cmp.--\n-0002f670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002f680: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d 7020 5b2d 765d ommand: cmp [-v]\n-0002f690: 2066 696c 6531 2066 696c 6532 0a20 2020 file1 file2. \n-0002f6a0: 2020 436f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6520 6669 Compare the fi\n-0002f6b0: 6c65 2046 494c 4531 2077 6974 6820 7468 le FILE1 with th\n-0002f6c0: 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4532 2e20 2049 e file FILE2. I\n-0002f6d0: 6620 7468 6579 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 706c f they are compl\n-0002f6e0: 6574 656c 790a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 etely. ident\n-0002f6f0: 6963 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 ical, ...$?... w\n-0002f700: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 302e ill be set to 0.\n-0002f710: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2069 6620 Otherwise, if \n-0002f720: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f the files are no\n-0002f730: 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c t. identical\n-0002f740: 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 , ...$?... will \n-0002f750: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a be set to a nonz\n-0002f760: 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 ero value... \n-0002f770: 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e6f 7468 By default noth\n-0002f780: 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6f75 7470 ing will be outp\n-0002f790: 7574 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d ut. If the ...-\n-0002f7a0: 76e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7665 v... is used, ve\n-0002f7b0: 7262 6f73 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 rbose. mode \n-0002f7c0: 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 is enabled. In \n-0002f7d0: 7468 6973 206d 6f64 6520 7768 656e 2077 this mode when w\n-0002f7e0: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6469 hen the files di\n-0002f7f0: 6666 6572 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2c0a 2020 ffer in size,. \n-0002f800: 2020 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2073 697a print the siz\n-0002f810: 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 es like this:.. \n-0002f820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6966 6665 7220 Differ \n-0002f830: 696e 2073 697a 653a 2030 7831 3233 3420 in size: 0x1234 \n-0002f840: 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7834 3332 3120 5b62 [foo], 0x4321 [b\n-0002f850: 6172 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 ar].. If the\n-0002f860: 2073 697a 6573 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c sizes are equal\n-0002f870: 2062 7574 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 2061 but the bytes a\n-0002f880: 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 7420 6469 6666 t an offset diff\n-0002f890: 6572 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7072 er, then. pr\n-0002f8a0: 696e 7420 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 6c69 int the bytes li\n-0002f8b0: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ke this:.. \n-0002f8c0: 2020 2020 4469 6666 6572 2061 7420 7468 Differ at th\n-0002f8d0: 6520 6f66 6673 6574 2037 3737 3a20 3078 e offset 777: 0x\n-0002f8e0: 6265 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 6566 205b be [foo], 0xef [\n-0002f8f0: 6261 725d 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 bar]....File: gr\n-0002f900: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002f910: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 configfile, Nex\n-0002f920: 743a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: cpuid, Prev:\n-0002f930: 2063 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 cmp, Up: Comma\n-0002f940: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002f950: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3520 636f 6e66 6967 ..17.4.15 config\n-0002f960: 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d file.-----------\n-0002f970: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0002f980: 6d61 6e64 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 mand: configfile\n-0002f990: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 file. Load \n-0002f9a0: 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 FILE as a config\n-0002f9b0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2049 uration file. I\n-0002f9c0: 6620 4649 4c45 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 f FILE defines a\n-0002f9d0: 6e79 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 ny menu. ent\n-0002f9e0: 7269 6573 2c20 7468 656e 2073 686f 7720 ries, then show \n-0002f9f0: 6120 6d65 6e75 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e a menu containin\n-0002fa00: 6720 7468 656d 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 g them immediate\n-0002fa10: 6c79 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 656e ly. Any. en\n-0002fa20: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0002fa30: 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d 6164 6520 le changes made \n-0002fa40: 6279 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 by the commands \n-0002fa50: 696e 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 in FILE will not\n-0002fa60: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2070 7265 7365 7276 . be preserv\n-0002fa70: 6564 2061 6674 6572 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 ed after ...conf\n-0002fa80: 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 7265 7475 726e igfile... return\n-0002fa90: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-0002faa0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6370 .info, Node: cp\n-0002fab0: 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 632c uid, Next: crc,\n-0002fac0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 Prev: configfi\n-0002fad0: 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 le, Up: Command\n-0002fae0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0002faf0: 3137 2e34 2e31 3620 6370 7569 640a 2d2d 17.4.16 cpuid.--\n-0002fb00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002fb10: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6370 7569 6420 Command: cpuid \n-0002fb20: 5b2d 6c5d 205b 2d70 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 [-l] [-p]. C\n-0002fb30: 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2043 5055 2066 6561 heck for CPU fea\n-0002fb40: 7475 7265 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d tures. This com\n-0002fb50: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 mand is only ava\n-0002fb60: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 360a 2020 ilable on x86. \n-0002fb70: 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 systems... \n-0002fb80: 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6c With the ...-l\n-0002fb90: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7475 ... option, retu\n-0002fba0: 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 2043 rn true if the C\n-0002fbb0: 5055 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6c6f 6e67 PU supports long\n-0002fbc0: 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2028 3634 2d62 mode. (64-b\n-0002fbd0: 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 it)... With \n-0002fbe0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-p... opt\n-0002fbf0: 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 ion, return true\n-0002fc00: 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 7070 if the CPU supp\n-0002fc10: 6f72 7473 2050 6879 7369 6361 6c0a 2020 orts Physical. \n-0002fc20: 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2045 7874 656e Address Exten\n-0002fc30: 7369 6f6e 2028 5041 4529 2e0a 0a20 2020 sion (PAE)... \n-0002fc40: 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 If invoked wit\n-0002fc50: 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 hout options, th\n-0002fc60: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 7572 7265 is command curre\n-0002fc70: 6e74 6c79 2062 6568 6176 6573 2061 7320 ntly behaves as \n-0002fc80: 6966 2069 740a 2020 2020 2068 6164 2062 if it. had b\n-0002fc90: 6565 6e20 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 een invoked with\n-0002fca0: 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 ...-l.... This\n-0002fcb0: 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 6520 696e 2074 may change in t\n-0002fcc0: 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 he future.....Fi\n-0002fcd0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002fce0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 632c 2020 4e65 7874 Node: crc, Next\n-0002fcf0: 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 : cryptomount, \n-0002fd00: 5072 6576 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 5570 Prev: cpuid, Up\n-0002fd10: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002fd20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3137 ommands..17.4.17\n-0002fd30: 2063 7263 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d crc.-----------\n-0002fd40: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n-0002fd50: 7263 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 rc arg .... \n-0002fd60: 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 Alias for ...has\n-0002fd70: 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6372 6333 hsum --hash crc3\n-0002fd80: 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 2 arg ....... S\n-0002fd90: 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 ee command ...ha\n-0002fda0: 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a shsum.... (*\n-0002fdb0: 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 note hashsum::) \n-0002fdc0: 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 for full descrip\n-0002fdd0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-0002fde0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002fdf0: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e cryptomount, N\n-0002fe00: 6578 743a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5072 ext: cutmem, Pr\n-0002fe10: 6576 3a20 6372 632c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ev: crc, Up: Co\n-0002fe20: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002fe30: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3138 2063 7279 nds..17.4.18 cry\n-0002fe40: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ptomount.-------\n-0002fe50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002fe60: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7279 7074 - Command: crypt\n-0002fe70: 6f6d 6f75 6e74 205b 205b 2d70 2070 6173 omount [ [-p pas\n-0002fe80: 7377 6f72 645d 207c 205b 2d6b 206b 6579 sword] | [-k key\n-0002fe90: 6669 6c65 205b 2d4f 206b 6579 6f66 6673 file [-O keyoffs\n-0002fea0: 6574 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d et]. [-\n-0002feb0: 5320 6b65 7973 697a 655d 205d 205d 205b S keysize] ] ] [\n-0002fec0: 2d48 2066 696c 655d 2064 6576 6963 657c -H file] device|\n-0002fed0: 2d75 2075 7569 647c 2d61 7c2d 620a 2020 -u uuid|-a|-b. \n-0002fee0: 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 7320 Setup access \n-0002fef0: 746f 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 to encrypted dev\n-0002ff00: 6963 652e 2020 4120 7061 7373 7068 7261 ice. A passphra\n-0002ff10: 7365 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6571 7565 se will be reque\n-0002ff20: 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7261 sted. intera\n-0002ff30: 6374 6976 656c 792c 2069 6620 6e65 6974 ctively, if neit\n-0002ff40: 6865 7220 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 her the ...-p...\n-0002ff50: 206e 6f72 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 9920 6f70 nor ...-k... op\n-0002ff60: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6769 7665 6e2e tions are given.\n-0002ff70: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f The. optio\n-0002ff80: 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 8099 2063 616e 2062 n ...-p... can b\n-0002ff90: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 e used to supply\n-0002ffa0: 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 2875 a passphrase (u\n-0002ffb0: 7365 6675 6c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2073 seful for. s\n-0002ffc0: 6372 6970 7473 292e 2020 416c 7465 726e cripts). Altern\n-0002ffd0: 6174 6976 656c 7920 7468 6520 e280 982d atively the ...-\n-0002ffe0: 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 k... option can \n-0002fff0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706c be used to suppl\n-00030000: 7920 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 6669 6c65 y a. keyfile\n-00030010: 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 e280 with options ..\n-00030020: 982d 4fe2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d53 .-O... and ...-S\n-00030030: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2073 ... optionally s\n-00030040: 7570 706c 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206f 6666 upplying the off\n-00030050: 7365 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2073 697a set. and siz\n-00030060: 652c 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792c e, respectively,\n-00030070: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6461 7461 of the key data\n-00030080: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 in the given ke\n-00030090: 7920 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 y file. The. \n-000300a0: 2020 e280 982d 48e2 8099 206f 7074 696f ...-H... optio\n-000300b0: 6e73 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 ns can be used t\n-000300c0: 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2063 7279 7074 6f6d o supply cryptom\n-000300d0: 6f75 6e74 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 7320 7769 ount backends wi\n-000300e0: 7468 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c74 6572 th an. alter\n-000300f0: 6e61 7469 7665 2068 6561 6465 7220 6669 native header fi\n-00030100: 6c65 2028 616b 6120 6465 7461 6368 6564 le (aka detached\n-00030110: 2068 6561 6465 7229 2e20 204e 6f74 2061 header). Not a\n-00030120: 6c6c 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 730a 2020 2020 ll backends. \n-00030130: 2068 6176 6520 6865 6164 6572 7320 6e6f have headers no\n-00030140: 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 7465 726e r support altern\n-00030150: 6174 6976 6520 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c ative header fil\n-00030160: 6573 2028 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e es (currently on\n-00030170: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 4c55 4b53 3120 616e ly. LUKS1 an\n-00030180: 6420 4c55 4b53 3220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 d LUKS2 support \n-00030190: 7468 656d 292e 2020 4172 6775 6d65 6e74 them). Argument\n-000301a0: 2044 4556 4943 4520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 DEVICE configur\n-000301b0: 6573 2073 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 2020 es specific. \n-000301c0: 2067 7275 6220 6465 7669 6365 2028 2a6e grub device (*n\n-000301d0: 6f74 6520 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 ote Naming conve\n-000301e0: 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e ntion::); option\n-000301f0: 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 5555 4944 0a20 ...-u... UUID. \n-00030200: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2064 configures d\n-00030210: 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 2073 7065 6369 evice with speci\n-00030220: 6669 6564 2055 5549 443b 206f 7074 696f fied UUID; optio\n-00030230: 6e20 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 n ...-a... confi\n-00030240: 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 gures all. d\n-00030250: 6574 6563 7465 6420 656e 6372 7970 7465 etected encrypte\n-00030260: 6420 6465 7669 6365 733b 206f 7074 696f d devices; optio\n-00030270: 6e20 e280 982d 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 n ...-b... confi\n-00030280: 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c20 6765 6c69 0a20 gures all geli. \n-00030290: 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2074 containers t\n-000302a0: 6861 7420 6861 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 666c hat have boot fl\n-000302b0: 6167 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4465 ag set... De\n-000302c0: 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c vices are not al\n-000302d0: 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2062 6520 6769 7665 lowed to be give\n-000302e0: 6e20 6173 206b 6579 2066 696c 6573 206e n as key files n\n-000302f0: 6f72 2061 7320 6465 7461 6368 6564 0a20 or as detached. \n-00030300: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 header files\n-00030310: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6973 . However, this\n-00030320: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 limitation can \n-00030330: 6265 2077 6f72 6b65 6420 6172 6f75 6e64 be worked around\n-00030340: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2062 by. using b\n-00030350: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 782e locklist syntax.\n-00030360: 2020 536f 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 So for instanc\n-00030370: 652c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c67 7074 3229 e, ...(hd1,gpt2)\n-00030380: e280 9920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 0a20 ... can not be. \n-00030390: 2020 2020 7573 6564 2c20 6275 7420 e280 used, but ..\n-000303a0: 9828 6864 312c 6770 7432 2930 2be2 8099 .(hd1,gpt2)0+...\n-000303b0: 2077 696c 6c20 6163 6869 6576 6520 7468 will achieve th\n-000303c0: 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 7265 7375 6c74 e desired result\n-000303d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 7570 ... GRUB sup\n-000303e0: 6f72 7473 2064 6576 6963 6573 2065 6e63 orts devices enc\n-000303f0: 7279 7074 6564 2075 7369 6e67 204c 554b rypted using LUK\n-00030400: 532c 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2067 656c S, LUKS2 and gel\n-00030410: 692e 2020 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7468 i. Note. th\n-00030420: 6174 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 206d 6f64 at necessary mod\n-00030430: 756c 6573 2028 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 ules (LUKS, LUKS\n-00030440: 3220 616e 6420 4745 4c49 2920 6861 7665 2 and GELI) have\n-00030450: 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 640a 2020 to be loaded. \n-00030460: 2020 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 666f manually befo\n-00030470: 7265 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 re this command \n-00030480: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 642e 2020 466f can be used. Fo\n-00030490: 7220 4c55 4b53 3220 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 r LUKS2 only the\n-000304a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5042 4b44 4632 206b 6579 . PBKDF2 key\n-000304b0: 2064 6572 6976 6174 696f 6e20 6675 6e63 derivation func\n-000304c0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 tion is supporte\n-000304d0: 642c 2061 7320 4172 676f 6e32 2069 7320 d, as Argon2 is \n-000304e0: 6e6f 7420 7965 740a 2020 2020 2073 7570 not yet. sup\n-000304f0: 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5375 ported... Su\n-00030500: 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2064 6563 7279 ccessfully decry\n-00030510: 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 206e pted disks are n\n-00030520: 616d 6564 2061 7320 2863 7279 7074 6f58 amed as (cryptoX\n-00030530: 2920 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 2020 ) and have. \n-00030540: 696e 6372 6561 7369 6e67 206e 756d 6572 increasing numer\n-00030550: 6174 696f 6e20 7375 6666 6978 2066 6f72 ation suffix for\n-00030560: 2065 6163 6820 6e65 7720 6465 6372 7970 each new decryp\n-00030570: 7465 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ted disk. If th\n-00030580: 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 e. encrypted\n-00030590: 2064 6973 6b20 686f 7374 7320 736f 6d65 disk hosts some\n-000305a0: 2068 6967 6865 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 higher level of\n-000305b0: 2061 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 2028 6c69 abstraction (li\n-000305c0: 6b65 204c 564d 3220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 ke LVM2 or. \n-000305d0: 4d44 5241 4944 2920 6974 2077 696c 6c20 MDRAID) it will \n-000305e0: 6265 2063 7265 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 be created under\n-000305f0: 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6465 7669 a separate devi\n-00030600: 6365 206e 616d 6573 7061 6365 2069 6e0a ce namespace in.\n-00030610: 2020 2020 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f addition to\n-00030620: 2074 6865 2063 7279 7074 6f64 6973 6b20 the cryptodisk \n-00030630: 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 namespace... \n-00030640: 2053 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 Support for pla\n-00030650: 696e 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 6d6f in encryption mo\n-00030660: 6465 2028 706c 6169 6e20 646d 2d63 7279 de (plain dm-cry\n-00030670: 7074 2920 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 pt) is provided \n-00030680: 7669 610a 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 via. separat\n-00030690: 6520 e280 982a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 696e e ...*note plain\n-000306a0: 6d6f 756e 743a 3ae2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 mount::... comma\n-000306b0: 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 nd.....File: gru\n-000306c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-000306d0: 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6461 utmem, Next: da\n-000306e0: 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7279 7074 te, Prev: crypt\n-000306f0: 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d omount, Up: Com\n-00030700: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00030710: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3920 6375 746d ds..17.4.19 cutm\n-00030720: 656d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d em.-------------\n-00030730: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00030740: 6375 746d 656d 2066 726f 6d5b 4b7c 4d7c cutmem from[K|M|\n-00030750: 475d 2074 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 0a20 2020 G] to[K|M|G]. \n-00030760: 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 6e79 206d 656d Remove any mem\n-00030770: 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 696e 2073 ory regions in s\n-00030780: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 616e 6765 2e0a pecified range..\n-00030790: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n-000307a0: 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 nd notifies the \n-000307b0: 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 memory manager t\n-000307c0: 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 hat specified re\n-000307d0: 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 gions of. RA\n-000307e0: 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 M ought to be fi\n-000307f0: 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2e20 2054 6869 ltered out. Thi\n-00030800: 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 6666 s remains in eff\n-00030810: 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 610a 2020 2020 ect after a. \n-00030820: 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 payload kernel \n-00030830: 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 has been loaded \n-00030840: 6279 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 by GRUB, as long\n-00030850: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 0a20 as the loaded. \n-00030860: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 6169 kernel obtai\n-00030870: 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 ns its memory ma\n-00030880: 7020 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 204b 6572 p from GRUB. Ker\n-00030890: 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 nels that suppor\n-000308a0: 7420 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 696e 636c t this. incl\n-000308b0: 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 204d ude Linux, GNU M\n-000308c0: 6163 682c 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ach, the kernel \n-000308d0: 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 204d of FreeBSD and M\n-000308e0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 ultiboot. ke\n-000308f0: 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 656e 6572 616c rnels in general\n-00030900: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d ... The comm\n-00030910: 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 and is similar t\n-00030920: 6f20 e280 9862 6164 7261 6de2 8099 2063 o ...badram... c\n-00030930: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f ommand... No\n-00030940: 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 te: The command \n-00030950: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 is not allowed w\n-00030960: 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 hen lockdown is \n-00030970: 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a enforced (*note.\n-00030980: 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 Lockdown::)\n-00030990: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 . This prevents\n-000309a0: 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 removing EFI me\n-000309b0: 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a mory regions to.\n-000309c0: 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 potentially\n-000309d0: 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 subvert the sec\n-000309e0: 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 urity mechanisms\n-000309f0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 provided by the\n-00030a00: 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 UEFI. secur\n-00030a10: 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a e boot.....File:\n-00030a20: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00030a30: 653a 2064 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: date, Next: \n-00030a40: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2050 7265 devicetree, Pre\n-00030a50: 763a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 v: cutmem, Up: \n-00030a60: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00030a70: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3230 2064 mands..17.4.20 d\n-00030a80: 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ate.------------\n-00030a90: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 .. -- Command: d\n-00030aa0: 6174 6520 5b5b 7965 6172 2d5d 6d6f 6e74 ate [[year-]mont\n-00030ab0: 682d 6461 795d 205b 686f 7572 3a6d 696e h-day] [hour:min\n-00030ac0: 7574 655b 3a73 6563 6f6e 645d 5d0a 2020 ute[:second]]. \n-00030ad0: 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d With no argum\n-00030ae0: 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 ents, print the \n-00030af0: 6375 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 current date and\n-00030b00: 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 time... Oth\n-00030b10: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7461 6b65 2074 6865 erwise, take the\n-00030b20: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e current date an\n-00030b30: 6420 7469 6d65 2c20 6368 616e 6765 2061 d time, change a\n-00030b40: 6e79 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 ny elements. \n-00030b50: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 6172 specified as ar\n-00030b60: 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 guments, and set\n-00030b70: 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 2074 the result as t\n-00030b80: 6865 206e 6577 2064 6174 6520 616e 640a he new date and.\n-00030b90: 2020 2020 2074 696d 652e 2020 466f 7220 time. For \n-00030ba0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2027 6461 7465 2030 example, 'date 0\n-00030bb0: 312d 3031 2720 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2074 1-01' will set t\n-00030bc0: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206d 6f6e 7468 he current month\n-00030bd0: 2061 6e64 2064 6179 0a20 2020 2020 746f and day. to\n-00030be0: 204a 616e 7561 7279 2031 2c20 6275 7420 January 1, but \n-00030bf0: 6c65 6176 6520 7468 6520 7965 6172 2c20 leave the year, \n-00030c00: 686f 7572 2c20 6d69 6e75 7465 2c20 616e hour, minute, an\n-00030c10: 6420 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 756e d second. un\n-00030c20: 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 changed.....File\n-00030c30: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00030c40: 6465 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 de: devicetree, \n-00030c50: 204e 6578 743a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c Next: distrust,\n-00030c60: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 2055 Prev: date, U\n-00030c70: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00030c80: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n-00030c90: 3120 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 0a2d 2d2d 1 devicetree.---\n-00030ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00030cb0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6465 . -- Command: de\n-00030cc0: 7669 6365 7472 6565 2066 696c 650a 2020 vicetree file. \n-00030cd0: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 6365 Load a device\n-00030ce0: 2074 7265 6520 626c 6f62 2028 2e64 7462 tree blob (.dtb\n-00030cf0: 2920 6672 6f6d 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 ) from a filesys\n-00030d00: 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2075 tem, for later u\n-00030d10: 7365 2062 790a 2020 2020 2061 204c 696e se by. a Lin\n-00030d20: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 446f 6573 ux kernel. Does\n-00030d30: 206e 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d 206d 6572 not perform mer\n-00030d40: 6769 6e67 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 6465 ging with any de\n-00030d50: 7669 6365 2074 7265 650a 2020 2020 2073 vice tree. s\n-00030d60: 7570 706c 6965 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 upplied by firmw\n-00030d70: 6172 652c 2062 7574 2072 6174 6865 7220 are, but rather \n-00030d80: 7265 706c 6163 6573 2069 7420 636f 6d70 replaces it comp\n-00030d90: 6c65 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f letely... No\n-00030da0: 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 te: The command \n-00030db0: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 is not allowed w\n-00030dc0: 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 hen lockdown is \n-00030dd0: 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a enforced (*note.\n-00030de0: 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 Lockdown::)\n-00030df0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 . This is done \n-00030e00: 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 7665 to prevent subve\n-00030e10: 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7365 rting various se\n-00030e20: 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 curity. mech\n-00030e30: 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a anisms.....File:\n-00030e40: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00030e50: 653a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 4e65 e: distrust, Ne\n-00030e60: 7874 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 2050 xt: drivemap, P\n-00030e70: 7265 763a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c rev: devicetree,\n-00030e80: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00030e90: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00030ea0: 342e 3232 2064 6973 7472 7573 740a 2d2d 4.22 distrust.--\n-00030eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00030ec0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6973 -- Command: dis\n-00030ed0: 7472 7573 7420 7075 626b 6579 5f69 640a trust pubkey_id.\n-00030ee0: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 7075 626c Remove publ\n-00030ef0: 6963 206b 6579 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4944 ic key PUBKEY_ID\n-00030f00: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2773 206b 6579 from GRUB's key\n-00030f10: 7269 6e67 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 ring of trusted \n-00030f20: 6b65 7973 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 keys.. PUBKE\n-00030f30: 595f 4944 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 Y_ID is the last\n-00030f40: 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 2865 6967 four bytes (eig\n-00030f50: 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 ht hexadecimal d\n-00030f60: 6967 6974 7329 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 igits) of the. \n-00030f70: 2020 2047 5047 2076 3420 6b65 7920 6964 GPG v4 key id\n-00030f80: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 , which is also \n-00030f90: 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 e280 the output of ..\n-00030fa0: 986c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 64e2 8099 .list_trusted...\n-00030fb0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206c 6973 (*note. lis\n-00030fc0: 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a29 2e20 204f t_trusted::). O\n-00030fd0: 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2c20 utside of GRUB, \n-00030fe0: 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6964 2063 616e 2062 the key id can b\n-00030ff0: 6520 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2075 7369 6e67 e obtained using\n-00031000: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 7067 202d 2d66 . ...gpg --f\n-00031010: 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 ingerprint...). \n-00031020: 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 These keys are \n-00031030: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 used to validate\n-00031040: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2020 2020 signatures. \n-00031050: 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e when environmen\n-00031060: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 t variable ...ch\n-00031070: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 eck_signatures..\n-00031080: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 . is set to ...e\n-00031090: 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 nforce.... (\n-000310a0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e *note check_sign\n-000310b0: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2062 atures::), and b\n-000310c0: 7920 736f 6d65 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 696f y some invocatio\n-000310d0: 6e73 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7665 ns of. ...ve\n-000310e0: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 64e2 8099 rify_detached...\n-000310f0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 (*note verify_d\n-00031100: 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 202a 4e6f etached::). *No\n-00031110: 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c te Using digital\n-00031120: 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 . signatures\n-00031130: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 ::, for more inf\n-00031140: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormation.....Fil\n-00031150: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00031160: 6f64 653a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 ode: drivemap, \n-00031170: 4e65 7874 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2050 7265 Next: echo, Pre\n-00031180: 763a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 v: distrust, Up\n-00031190: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-000311a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3233 ommands..17.4.23\n-000311b0: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d drivemap.------\n-000311c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-000311d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 Command: drivema\n-000311e0: 7020 2d6c 7c2d 727c 5b2d 735d 2066 726f p -l|-r|[-s] fro\n-000311f0: 6d5f 6472 6976 6520 746f 5f64 7269 7665 m_drive to_drive\n-00031200: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 . Without op\n-00031210: 7469 6f6e 732c 206d 6170 2074 6865 2064 tions, map the d\n-00031220: 7269 7665 2046 524f 4d5f 4452 4956 4520 rive FROM_DRIVE \n-00031230: 746f 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2054 4f5f to the drive TO_\n-00031240: 4452 4956 452e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 DRIVE.. This\n-00031250: 2069 7320 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 7768 is necessary wh\n-00031260: 656e 2079 6f75 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 en you chain-loa\n-00031270: 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 d some operating\n-00031280: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7375 6368 0a20 systems, such. \n-00031290: 2020 2020 6173 2044 4f53 2c20 6966 2073 as DOS, if s\n-000312a0: 7563 6820 616e 204f 5320 7265 7369 6465 uch an OS reside\n-000312b0: 7320 6174 2061 206e 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 s at a non-first\n-000312c0: 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 drive. For. \n-000312d0: 2020 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2061 convenience, a\n-000312e0: 6e79 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7566 ny partition suf\n-000312f0: 6669 7820 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 fix on the drive\n-00031300: 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 642c 2073 6f20 is ignored, so \n-00031310: 796f 750a 2020 2020 2063 616e 2073 6166 you. can saf\n-00031320: 656c 7920 7573 6520 247b 726f 6f74 7d20 ely use ${root} \n-00031330: 6173 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 as a drive speci\n-00031340: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 fication... \n-00031350: 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 With the ...-s..\n-00031360: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 . option, perfor\n-00031370: 6d20 7468 6520 7265 7665 7273 6520 6d61 m the reverse ma\n-00031380: 7070 696e 6720 6173 2077 656c 6c2c 2073 pping as well, s\n-00031390: 7761 7070 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 wapping. the\n-000313a0: 2074 776f 2064 7269 7665 732e 0a0a 2020 two drives... \n-000313b0: 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d With the ...-\n-000313c0: 6ce2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206c 6973 l... option, lis\n-000313d0: 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d61 t the current ma\n-000313e0: 7070 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 ppings... Wi\n-000313f0: 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d72 e280 9920 th the ...-r... \n-00031400: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7365 7420 616c option, reset al\n-00031410: 6c20 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7468 l mappings to th\n-00031420: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6573 e default values\n-00031430: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d ... For exam\n-00031440: 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ple:.. \n-00031450: 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 drivemap -s (hd0\n-00031460: 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4e4f ) (hd1).. NO\n-00031470: 5445 3a20 4f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 TE: Only availab\n-00031480: 6c65 206f 6e20 6933 3836 2d70 632e 0a0a le on i386-pc...\n-00031490: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000314a0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 o, Node: echo, \n-000314b0: 204e 6578 743a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f Next: efitextmo\n-000314c0: 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 7269 7665 de, Prev: drive\n-000314d0: 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e map, Up: Comman\n-000314e0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-000314f0: 0a31 372e 342e 3234 2065 6368 6f0a 2d2d .17.4.24 echo.--\n-00031500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00031510: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 6368 6f20 5b2d Command: echo [-\n-00031520: 6e5d 205b 2d65 5d20 7374 7269 6e67 202e n] [-e] string .\n-00031530: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 ... Display \n-00031540: 7468 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 7465 the requested te\n-00031550: 7874 2061 6e64 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2074 xt and, unless t\n-00031560: 6865 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 9920 6f70 7469 he ...-n... opti\n-00031570: 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 610a 2020 on is used, a. \n-00031580: 2020 2074 7261 696c 696e 6720 6e65 7720 trailing new \n-00031590: 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 line. If there \n-000315a0: 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 is more than one\n-000315b0: 2073 7472 696e 672c 2074 6865 7920 6172 string, they ar\n-000315c0: 650a 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 e. separated\n-000315d0: 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 2069 6e20 7468 by spaces in th\n-000315e0: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2041 7320 7573 e output. As us\n-000315f0: 7561 6c20 696e 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d ual in GRUB comm\n-00031600: 616e 6473 2c0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 ands,. varia\n-00031610: 626c 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 7375 6273 bles may be subs\n-00031620: 7469 7475 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 e280 tituted using ..\n-00031630: 9824 7b76 6172 7de2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 .${var}...... \n-00031640: 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 65e2 8099 206f The ...-e... o\n-00031650: 7074 696f 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 7320 696e ption enables in\n-00031660: 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 terpretation of \n-00031670: 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 7065 backslash escape\n-00031680: 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c s. The. fol\n-00031690: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 lowing sequences\n-000316a0: 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 643a are recognised:\n-000316b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c5c e280 990a .. ...\\\\....\n-000316c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 636b 736c backsl\n-000316d0: 6173 680a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 61e2 ash.. ...\\a.\n-000316e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c65 ... ale\n-000316f0: 7274 2028 4245 4c29 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 rt (BEL).. .\n-00031700: 8098 5c63 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..\\c.... \n-00031710: 2020 7375 7070 7265 7373 2074 7261 696c suppress trail\n-00031720: 696e 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 ing new line.. \n-00031730: 2020 20e2 8098 5c66 e280 990a 2020 2020 ...\\f.... \n-00031740: 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d 2066 6565 640a form feed.\n-00031750: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 6ee2 8099 0a20 . ...\\n.... \n-00031760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 206c 696e new lin\n-00031770: 650a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 72e2 8099 e.. ...\\r...\n-00031780: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 . carri\n-00031790: 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e 0a0a 2020 2020 age return.. \n-000317a0: 20e2 8098 5c74 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ...\\t.... \n-000317b0: 2020 2020 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2074 horizontal t\n-000317c0: 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c76 e280 ab.. ...\\v..\n-000317d0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7274 .. vert\n-000317e0: 6963 616c 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 ical tab.. W\n-000317f0: 6865 6e20 696e 7465 7270 7265 7469 6e67 hen interpreting\n-00031800: 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 7363 6170 backslash escap\n-00031810: 6573 2c20 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 666f es, backslash fo\n-00031820: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 616e 790a 2020 llowed by any. \n-00031830: 2020 206f 7468 6572 2063 6861 7261 6374 other charact\n-00031840: 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 er will print th\n-00031850: 6174 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a1f at character....\n-00031860: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00031870: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 7465 7874 , Node: efitext\n-00031880: 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 7661 mode, Next: eva\n-00031890: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 l, Prev: echo, \n-000318a0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-000318b0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-000318c0: 2e32 3520 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 650a .25 efitextmode.\n-000318d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000318e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-000318f0: 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 6520 5b6d : efitextmode [m\n-00031900: 696e 207c 206d 6178 207c 203c 6d6f 6465 in | max | | <\n-00031920: 726f 7773 3e5d 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e rows>]. When\n-00031930: 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 used with no ar\n-00031940: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7973 guments displays\n-00031950: 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 all available t\n-00031960: 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 ext output. \n-00031970: 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7420 modes. The set \n-00031980: 6d6f 6465 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 7320 mode determines \n-00031990: 7468 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 the columns and \n-000319a0: 726f 7773 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 rows of the text\n-000319b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7768 . display wh\n-000319c0: 656e 2069 6e20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e en in text mode.\n-000319d0: 2020 416e 2061 7374 6572 6973 6b2c 20e2 An asterisk, .\n-000319e0: 8098 2ae2 8099 2c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ..*..., will be \n-000319f0: 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a 2020 at the end of. \n-00031a00: 2020 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2074 the line of t\n-00031a10: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2073 6574 he currently set\n-00031a20: 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 mode... If \n-00031a30: 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 given a single p\n-00031a40: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 6974 206d 7573 arameter, it mus\n-00031a50: 7420 6265 20e2 8098 6d69 6ee2 8099 2c20 t be ...min..., \n-00031a60: e280 986d 6178 e280 992c 206f 7220 6120 ...max..., or a \n-00031a70: 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 mode. number\n-00031a80: 2067 6976 656e 2062 7920 7468 6520 6c69 given by the li\n-00031a90: 7374 696e 6720 7768 656e 2072 756e 2077 sting when run w\n-00031aa0: 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ith no arguments\n-00031ab0: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6172 . These. ar\n-00031ac0: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7365 7420 7468 6520 guments set the \n-00031ad0: 6d6f 6465 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d69 6e69 mode to the mini\n-00031ae0: 6d75 6d2c 206d 6178 696d 756d 2c20 616e mum, maximum, an\n-00031af0: 6420 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 206d 6f64 d particular mod\n-00031b00: 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 e. respectiv\n-00031b10: 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 ely... Other\n-00031b20: 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e wise, the comman\n-00031b30: 6420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 d must be given \n-00031b40: 7477 6f20 6e75 6d65 7269 6361 6c20 6172 two numerical ar\n-00031b50: 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 guments. spe\n-00031b60: 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6c75 cifying the colu\n-00031b70: 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 mns and rows of \n-00031b80: 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 6d6f 6465 the desired mode\n-00031b90: 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 610a . Specifying a.\n-00031ba0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 columns and\n-00031bb0: 2072 6f77 7320 636f 6d62 696e 6174 696f rows combinatio\n-00031bc0: 6e20 7468 6174 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e n that correspon\n-00031bd0: 6473 2074 6f20 6e6f 2073 7570 706f 7274 ds to no support\n-00031be0: 6564 206d 6f64 652c 0a20 2020 2020 7769 ed mode,. wi\n-00031bf0: 6c6c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6572 726f 722c ll return error,\n-00031c00: 2062 7574 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2068 but otherwise h\n-00031c10: 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a ave no effect...\n-00031c20: 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 By default \n-00031c30: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7374 6172 7420 GRUB will start \n-00031c40: 696e 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 6d6f 6465 in whatever mode\n-00031c50: 2074 6865 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 6172 the EFI firmwar\n-00031c60: 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 e. defaults \n-00031c70: 746f 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 2066 to. There are f\n-00031c80: 6972 6d77 6172 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 irmwares known t\n-00031c90: 6f20 7365 7420 7570 2074 6865 2064 6566 o set up the def\n-00031ca0: 6175 6c74 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2073 ault mode. s\n-00031cb0: 7563 6820 7468 6174 206f 7574 7075 7420 uch that output \n-00031cc0: 6265 6861 7665 7320 7374 7261 6e67 656c behaves strangel\n-00031cd0: 792c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 y, for example t\n-00031ce0: 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 696e 2074 6865 he cursor in the\n-00031cf0: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c . GRUB shell\n-00031d00: 206e 6576 6572 2072 6561 6368 6573 2074 never reaches t\n-00031d10: 6865 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 he bottom of the\n-00031d20: 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6f72 2c20 7768 656e screen or, when\n-00031d30: 2074 7970 696e 670a 2020 2020 2063 6861 typing. cha\n-00031d40: 7261 6374 6572 7320 6174 2074 6865 2070 racters at the p\n-00031d50: 726f 6d70 742c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 rompt, character\n-00031d60: 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 s from previous \n-00031d70: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 command output. \n-00031d80: 2020 2020 6172 6520 6f76 6572 7772 6974 are overwrit\n-00031d90: 7465 6e2e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 ten. Setting th\n-00031da0: 6520 6d6f 6465 206d 6179 2066 6978 2074 e mode may fix t\n-00031db0: 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2045 his... The E\n-00031dc0: 4649 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e FI specification\n-00031dd0: 2073 6179 7320 7468 6174 206d 6f64 6520 says that mode \n-00031de0: 3020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 0 must be availa\n-00031df0: 626c 6520 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 ble and have. \n-00031e00: 2020 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f columns and ro\n-00031e10: 7773 206f 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2032 3520 ws of 80 and 25 \n-00031e20: 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e20 204d respectively. M\n-00031e30: 6f64 6520 3120 6d61 7920 6265 2064 6566 ode 1 may be def\n-00031e40: 696e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6966 ined. and if\n-00031e50: 2073 6f20 6d75 7374 2068 6176 6520 636f so must have co\n-00031e60: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f lumns and rows o\n-00031e70: 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2035 3020 7265 7370 f 80 and 50 resp\n-00031e80: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 ectively.. A\n-00031e90: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 6573 206d ny other modes m\n-00031ea0: 6179 2068 6176 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 ay have columns \n-00031eb0: 616e 6420 726f 7773 2061 7262 6974 7261 and rows arbitra\n-00031ec0: 7269 6c79 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 790a rily defined by.\n-00031ed0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 the firmwar\n-00031ee0: 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 e. This means t\n-00031ef0: 6861 7420 6120 6d6f 6465 2077 6974 6820 hat a mode with \n-00031f00: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n-00031f10: 206f 6620 3130 300a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 of 100. and\n-00031f20: 2033 3120 6f6e 206f 6e65 2066 6972 6d77 31 on one firmw\n-00031f30: 6172 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2064 6966 are may be a dif\n-00031f40: 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 ferent mode numb\n-00031f50: 6572 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2064 6966 er on a. dif\n-00031f60: 6665 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 ferent firmware \n-00031f70: 6f72 206e 6f74 2065 7869 7374 2061 7420 or not exist at \n-00031f80: 616c 6c2e 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 all. Likewise, \n-00031f90: 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 3220 6f6e mode number 2 on\n-00031fa0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6520 6669 726d 7761 . one firmwa\n-00031fb0: 7265 206d 6179 2068 6176 6520 6120 6469 re may have a di\n-00031fc0: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 206f fferent number o\n-00031fd0: 6620 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f f columns and ro\n-00031fe0: 7773 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 ws than. mod\n-00031ff0: 6520 3220 6f6e 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 e 2 on a differe\n-00032000: 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 536f nt firmware. So\n-00032010: 206f 6e65 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 one should not \n-00032020: 7265 6c79 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2070 rely on a. p\n-00032030: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 206e articular mode n\n-00032040: 756d 6265 7220 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 6520 umber or a mode \n-00032050: 6f66 2061 2063 6572 7461 696e 206e 756d of a certain num\n-00032060: 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 ber of columns a\n-00032070: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 726f 7773 2065 7869 nd. rows exi\n-00032080: 7374 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 6c6c 2066 6972 sting on all fir\n-00032090: 6d77 6172 6573 2c20 6578 6365 7074 2066 mwares, except f\n-000320a0: 6f72 206d 6f64 6520 302e 0a0a 2020 2020 or mode 0... \n-000320b0: 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d Note: This comm\n-000320c0: 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 and is only avai\n-000320d0: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2045 4649 2070 6c61 lable on EFI pla\n-000320e0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 6e64 2069 730a 2020 tforms and is. \n-000320f0: 2020 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 4546 similar to EF\n-00032100: 4920 7368 656c 6c20 226d 6f64 6522 2063 I shell \"mode\" c\n-00032110: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ommand.....File:\n-00032120: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00032130: 653a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: eval, Next: \n-00032140: 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 export, Prev: e\n-00032150: 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 703a fitextmode, Up:\n-00032160: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00032170: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3620 mmands..17.4.26 \n-00032180: 6576 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eval.-----------\n-00032190: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-000321a0: 6576 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a eval string ....\n-000321b0: 2020 2020 2043 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7465 Concatenate\n-000321c0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f67 6574 arguments toget\n-000321d0: 6865 7220 7573 696e 6720 7369 6e67 6c65 her using single\n-000321e0: 2073 7061 6365 2061 7320 7365 7061 7261 space as separa\n-000321f0: 746f 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7661 tor and. eva\n-00032200: 6c75 6174 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2061 7320 luate result as \n-00032210: 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 4752 5542 sequence of GRUB\n-00032220: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 commands.....Fi\n-00032230: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00032240: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 204e Node: export, N\n-00032250: 6578 743a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2050 7265 ext: false, Pre\n-00032260: 763a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: eval, Up: Co\n-00032270: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00032280: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3237 2065 7870 nds..17.4.27 exp\n-00032290: 6f72 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ort.------------\n-000322a0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-000322b0: 2065 7870 6f72 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 export envvar. \n-000322c0: 2020 2020 4578 706f 7274 2074 6865 2065 Export the e\n-000322d0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000322e0: 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e20 2045 7870 ble ENVVAR. Exp\n-000322f0: 6f72 7465 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 orted variables \n-00032300: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 are. visible\n-00032310: 2074 6f20 7375 6273 6964 6961 7279 2063 to subsidiary c\n-00032320: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00032330: 6573 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a es loaded using.\n-00032340: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 ...configfi\n-00032350: 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 le........File: \n-00032360: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00032370: 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : false, Next: \n-00032380: 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 fwsetup, Prev: \n-00032390: 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d export, Up: Com\n-000323a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000323b0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3820 6661 6c73 ds..17.4.28 fals\n-000323c0: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a e.-------------.\n-000323d0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6661 . -- Command: fa\n-000323e0: 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 lse. Do noth\n-000323f0: 696e 672c 2075 6e73 7563 6365 7373 6675 ing, unsuccessfu\n-00032400: 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 lly. This is ma\n-00032410: 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 inly useful in c\n-00032420: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 ontrol. cons\n-00032430: 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 tructs such as .\n-00032440: 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 ..if... and ...w\n-00032450: 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 hile... (*note S\n-00032460: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 hell-like script\n-00032470: 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ing::).....File:\n-00032480: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00032490: 653a 2066 7773 6574 7570 2c20 204e 6578 e: fwsetup, Nex\n-000324a0: 743a 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 t: gdbinfo, Pre\n-000324b0: 763a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 v: false, Up: C\n-000324c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-000324d0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3920 6677 ands..17.4.29 fw\n-000324e0: 7365 7475 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d setup.----------\n-000324f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00032500: 6e64 3a20 6677 7365 7475 7020 5b2d 2d69 nd: fwsetup [--i\n-00032510: 732d 7375 7070 6f72 7465 645d 0a20 2020 s-supported]. \n-00032520: 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 Reboot into th\n-00032530: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 6574 7570 e firmware setup\n-00032540: 206d 656e 752e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 2d2d menu. If ...--\n-00032550: 6973 2d73 7570 706f 7274 6564 e280 9920 is-supported... \n-00032560: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 option is. s\n-00032570: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 696e 7374 6561 pecified, instea\n-00032580: 6420 6368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 7220 d check whether \n-00032590: 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7570 the firmware sup\n-000325a0: 706f 7274 7320 6120 7365 7475 7020 6d65 ports a setup me\n-000325b0: 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 6974 nu. and exit\n-000325c0: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 successfully if\n-000325d0: 2073 6f2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 so.....File: gr\n-000325e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000325f0: 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 gdbinfo, Next: \n-00032600: 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 gettext, Prev: \n-00032610: 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f fwsetup, Up: Co\n-00032620: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00032630: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3330 2067 6462 nds..17.4.30 gdb\n-00032640: 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d info.-----------\n-00032650: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00032660: 643a 2067 6462 696e 666f 0a20 2020 2020 d: gdbinfo. \n-00032670: 4f75 7470 7574 2074 6578 7420 746f 2062 Output text to b\n-00032680: 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 6120 4744 4220 e used as a GDB \n-00032690: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 666f 7220 6120 4744 command for a GD\n-000326a0: 4220 7365 7373 696f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 B session using \n-000326b0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2067 6462 5f67 7275 the. gdb_gru\n-000326c0: 6220 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2061 7474 b script and att\n-000326d0: 6163 6865 6420 746f 2061 2072 756e 6e69 ached to a runni\n-000326e0: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 616e 6365 ng GRUB instance\n-000326f0: 2e20 2054 6865 2047 4442 0a20 2020 2020 . The GDB. \n-00032700: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7468 6174 2069 7320 command that is \n-00032710: 6f75 7470 7574 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c output will tell\n-00032720: 2047 4442 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 GDB how to load\n-00032730: 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2073 796d 626f debugging symbo\n-00032740: 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 6972 ls. to their\n-00032750: 2070 726f 7065 7220 7275 6e74 696d 6520 proper runtime \n-00032760: 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e address. Curren\n-00032770: 746c 7920 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 tly this is only\n-00032780: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 available. \n-00032790: 666f 7220 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d for EFI platform\n-000327a0: 732e 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 4465 6275 s. See the Debu\n-000327b0: 6767 696e 6720 696e 2074 6865 2064 6576 gging in the dev\n-000327c0: 656c 6f70 6572 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 eloper. docu\n-000327d0: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f mentation for mo\n-000327e0: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a re information..\n-000327f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00032800: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6574 7465 fo, Node: gette\n-00032810: 7874 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7074 7379 xt, Next: gptsy\n-00032820: 6e63 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6462 696e nc, Prev: gdbin\n-00032830: 666f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 fo, Up: Command\n-00032840: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00032850: 3137 2e34 2e33 3120 6765 7474 6578 740a 17.4.31 gettext.\n-00032860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00032870: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6765 . -- Command: ge\n-00032880: 7474 6578 7420 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 ttext string. \n-00032890: 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 5354 5249 Translate STRI\n-000328a0: 4e47 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6375 7272 NG into the curr\n-000328b0: 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 ent language... \n-000328c0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 The current \n-000328d0: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6f64 6520 6973 language code is\n-000328e0: 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 20e2 stored in the .\n-000328f0: 8098 6c61 6e67 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 ..lang... variab\n-00032900: 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4227 le in. GRUB'\n-00032910: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 282a s environment (*\n-00032920: 6e6f 7465 206c 616e 673a 3a29 2e20 2054 note lang::). T\n-00032930: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 ranslation files\n-00032940: 2069 6e20 4d4f 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2020 in MO format. \n-00032950: 2020 2061 7265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d are read from\n-00032960: 20e2 8098 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 e280 ...locale_dir..\n-00032970: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f63 616c 655f . (*note locale_\n-00032980: 6469 723a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 790a dir::), usually.\n-00032990: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 .../boot/gr\n-000329a0: 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f ub/locale.......\n-000329b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000329c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 , Node: gptsync\n-000329d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 616c 742c 2020 , Next: halt, \n-000329e0: 5072 6576 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 Prev: gettext, \n-000329f0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00032a00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00032a10: 3332 2067 7074 7379 6e63 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 32 gptsync.-----\n-00032a20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00032a30: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 Command: gptsync\n-00032a40: 2064 6576 6963 6520 5b70 6172 7469 7469 device [partiti\n-00032a50: 6f6e 5b2b 2f2d 5b74 7970 655d 5d5d 202e on[+/-[type]]] .\n-00032a60: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 736b 7320 7573 ... Disks us\n-00032a70: 696e 6720 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 ing the GUID Par\n-00032a80: 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 tition Table (GP\n-00032a90: 5429 2061 6c73 6f20 6861 7665 2061 206c T) also have a l\n-00032aa0: 6567 6163 790a 2020 2020 204d 6173 7465 egacy. Maste\n-00032ab0: 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d r Boot Record (M\n-00032ac0: 4252 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 BR) partition ta\n-00032ad0: 626c 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ble for compatib\n-00032ae0: 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 ility with the. \n-00032af0: 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2077 6974 BIOS and wit\n-00032b00: 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e h older operatin\n-00032b10: 6720 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 5468 6520 g systems. The \n-00032b20: 6c65 6761 6379 204d 4252 2063 616e 206f legacy MBR can o\n-00032b30: 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2072 6570 7265 7365 nly. represe\n-00032b40: 6e74 2061 206c 696d 6974 6564 2073 7562 nt a limited sub\n-00032b50: 7365 7420 6f66 2047 5054 2070 6172 7469 set of GPT parti\n-00032b60: 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 tion entries... \n-00032b70: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n-00032b80: 2070 6f70 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 206c populates the l\n-00032b90: 6567 6163 7920 4d42 5220 7769 7468 2074 egacy MBR with t\n-00032ba0: 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2050 4152 he specified PAR\n-00032bb0: 5449 5449 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 TITION. entr\n-00032bc0: 6965 7320 6f6e 2044 4556 4943 452e 2020 ies on DEVICE. \n-00032bd0: 5570 2074 6f20 7468 7265 6520 7061 7274 Up to three part\n-00032be0: 6974 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 itions may be us\n-00032bf0: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 2069 ed... TYPE i\n-00032c00: 7320 616e 204d 4252 2070 6172 7469 7469 s an MBR partiti\n-00032c10: 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 7072 on type code; pr\n-00032c20: 6566 6978 2077 6974 6820 e280 9830 78e2 efix with ...0x.\n-00032c30: 8099 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 .. if you want t\n-00032c40: 6f0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6572 2074 6869 o. enter thi\n-00032c50: 7320 696e 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c s in hexadecimal\n-00032c60: 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 . The separator\n-00032c70: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2050 4152 5449 5449 between PARTITI\n-00032c80: 4f4e 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 ON and. TYPE\n-00032c90: 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 982b e280 9920 may be ...+... \n-00032ca0: 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 to make the part\n-00032cb0: 6974 696f 6e20 6163 7469 7665 2c20 6f72 ition active, or\n-00032cc0: 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 ...-... to make\n-00032cd0: 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e61 6374 6976 it. inactiv\n-00032ce0: 653b 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 e; only one part\n-00032cf0: 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2061 6374 ition may be act\n-00032d00: 6976 652e 2020 4966 2062 6f74 6820 7468 ive. If both th\n-00032d10: 6520 7365 7061 7261 746f 720a 2020 2020 e separator. \n-00032d20: 2061 6e64 2074 7970 6520 6172 6520 6f6d and type are om\n-00032d30: 6974 7465 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 itted, then the \n-00032d40: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 partition will b\n-00032d50: 6520 696e 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 e inactive.....F\n-00032d60: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00032d70: 204e 6f64 653a 2068 616c 742c 2020 4e65 Node: halt, Ne\n-00032d80: 7874 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 xt: hashsum, Pr\n-00032d90: 6576 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 5570 ev: gptsync, Up\n-00032da0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00032db0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3333 ommands..17.4.33\n-00032dc0: 2068 616c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d halt.----------\n-00032dd0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00032de0: 2068 616c 7420 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6d5d halt [--no-apm]\n-00032df0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e . The comman\n-00032e00: 6420 6861 6c74 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 d halts the comp\n-00032e10: 7574 6572 2e20 204f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 uter. On the i3\n-00032e20: 3836 2d70 6320 7461 7267 6574 2c20 7468 86-pc target, th\n-00032e30: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 e. ...--no-a\n-00032e40: 706d e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 pm... option, or\n-00032e50: 2073 686f 7274 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 992c short ...-n...,\n-00032e60: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 206e is specified, n\n-00032e70: 6f20 4150 4d20 4249 4f53 2063 616c 6c20 o APM BIOS call \n-00032e80: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 is. performe\n-00032e90: 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 d. Otherwise, t\n-00032ea0: 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6973 2073 he computer is s\n-00032eb0: 6875 7420 646f 776e 2075 7369 6e67 2041 hut down using A\n-00032ec0: 504d 206f 6e20 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 PM on that. \n-00032ed0: 7461 7267 6574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a target.....File:\n-00032ee0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00032ef0: 653a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 204e 6578 e: hashsum, Nex\n-00032f00: 743a 2068 656c 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: help, Prev: \n-00032f10: 6861 6c74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 halt, Up: Comma\n-00032f20: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00032f30: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3420 6861 7368 7375 ..17.4.34 hashsu\n-00032f40: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n-00032f50: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00032f60: 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2068 hashsum --hash h\n-00032f70: 6173 6820 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 ash --keep-going\n-00032f80: 202d 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 2d2d --uncompress --\n-00032f90: 6368 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 check file. \n-00032fa0: 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 2064 [--prefix d\n-00032fb0: 6972 5d7c 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 ir]|file .... \n-00032fc0: 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2076 6572 Compute or ver\n-00032fd0: 6966 7920 6669 6c65 2068 6173 6865 732e ify file hashes.\n-00032fe0: 2020 4861 7368 2074 7970 6520 6973 2073 Hash type is s\n-00032ff0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 7769 7468 206f 7074 elected with opt\n-00033000: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 ion. ...--ha\n-00033010: 7368 e280 992e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 sh.... Supporte\n-00033020: 6420 6861 7368 6573 2061 7265 3a20 e280 d hashes are: ..\n-00033030: 9861 646c 6572 3332 e280 992c 20e2 8098 .adler32..., ...\n-00033040: 6372 6336 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 crc64..., ...crc\n-00033050: 3332 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 32...,. ...c\n-00033060: 7263 3332 7266 6331 3531 30e2 8099 2c20 rc32rfc1510..., \n-00033070: e280 9863 7263 3234 7266 6332 3434 30e2 ...crc24rfc2440.\n-00033080: 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6434 e280 992c 20e2 .., ...md4..., .\n-00033090: 8098 6d64 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 9872 6970 ..md5..., ...rip\n-000330a0: 656d 6431 3630 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7368 emd160..., ...sh\n-000330b0: 6131 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 a1...,. ...s\n-000330c0: 6861 3232 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 ha224..., ...sha\n-000330d0: 3235 36e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3531 256..., ...sha51\n-000330e0: 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3338 34e2 2..., ...sha384.\n-000330f0: 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 3139 32e2 .., ...tiger192.\n-00033100: 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 e280 992c .., ...tiger...,\n-00033110: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 6967 6572 32e2 . ...tiger2.\n-00033120: 8099 2c20 e280 9877 6869 726c 706f 6f6c .., ...whirlpool\n-00033130: e280 992e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 .... Option ...\n-00033140: 2d2d 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 e280 9920 --uncompress... \n-00033150: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6573 2066 696c uncompresses fil\n-00033160: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6265 666f 7265 2063 es. before c\n-00033170: 6f6d 7075 7469 6e67 2068 6173 682e 0a0a omputing hash...\n-00033180: 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 206f When list o\n-00033190: 6620 6669 6c65 7320 6973 2067 6976 656e f files is given\n-000331a0: 2c20 6861 7368 206f 6620 6561 6368 2066 , hash of each f\n-000331b0: 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 6420 ile is computed \n-000331c0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 and. printed\n-000331d0: 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6669 , followed by fi\n-000331e0: 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2065 6163 6820 6669 le name, each fi\n-000331f0: 6c65 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 le on a new line\n-00033200: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 206f 7074 ... When opt\n-00033210: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d63 6865 636b e280 ion ...--check..\n-00033220: 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2070 . is given, it p\n-00033230: 6f69 6e74 7320 746f 2061 2066 696c 6520 oints to a file \n-00033240: 7468 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 730a 2020 that contains. \n-00033250: 2020 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2048 4153 4820 list of HASH \n-00033260: 4e41 4d45 2070 6169 7273 2069 6e20 7468 NAME pairs in th\n-00033270: 6520 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6173 e same format as\n-00033280: 2075 7365 6420 6279 2055 4e49 5820 e280 used by UNIX ..\n-00033290: 986d 6435 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .md5sum.... \n-000332a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e command. Option\n-000332b0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 ...--prefix... \n-000332c0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 may be used to g\n-000332d0: 6976 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 ive directory wh\n-000332e0: 6572 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 2061 ere. files a\n-000332f0: 7265 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2e20 2048 6173 re located. Has\n-00033300: 6820 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 h verification s\n-00033310: 746f 7073 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 2066 tops after the f\n-00033320: 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6d69 736d 6174 irst. mismat\n-00033330: 6368 2077 6173 2066 6f75 6e64 2075 6e6c ch was found unl\n-00033340: 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d ess option ...--\n-00033350: 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 e280 9920 7761 keep-going... wa\n-00033360: 7320 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 s given. The. \n-00033370: 2020 2065 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 8098 exit code ...\n-00033380: 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 $?... is set to \n-00033390: 3020 6966 2068 6173 6820 7665 7269 6669 0 if hash verifi\n-000333a0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 6363 6573 cation is succes\n-000333b0: 7366 756c 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 2069 sful. If. i\n-000333c0: 7420 6661 696c 732c 20e2 8098 243f e280 t fails, ...$?..\n-000333d0: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f . is set to a no\n-000333e0: 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 1f0a nzero value.....\n-000333f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00033400: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 204e Node: help, N\n-00033410: 6578 743a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 ext: hexdump, P\n-00033420: 7265 763a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 2055 rev: hashsum, U\n-00033430: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00033440: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 commands..17.4.3\n-00033450: 3520 6865 6c70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 5 help.---------\n-00033460: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00033470: 3a20 6865 6c70 205b 7061 7474 6572 6e20 : help [pattern \n-00033480: 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 ...]. Displa\n-00033490: 7920 6865 6c70 6675 6c20 696e 666f 726d y helpful inform\n-000334a0: 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 6275 696c ation about buil\n-000334b0: 7469 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2049 tin commands. I\n-000334c0: 6620 796f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 f you do not. \n-000334d0: 2020 7370 6563 6966 7920 5041 5454 4552 specify PATTER\n-000334e0: 4e2c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 N, this command \n-000334f0: 7368 6f77 7320 7368 6f72 7420 6465 7363 shows short desc\n-00033500: 7269 7074 696f 6e73 206f 6620 616c 6c0a riptions of all.\n-00033510: 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 available c\n-00033520: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 ommands... I\n-00033530: 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e f you specify an\n-00033540: 7920 5041 5454 4552 4e53 2c20 6974 2064 y PATTERNS, it d\n-00033550: 6973 706c 6179 7320 6c6f 6e67 6572 2069 isplays longer i\n-00033560: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 nformation about\n-00033570: 0a20 2020 2020 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 . each of th\n-00033580: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 686f 7365 e commands whose\n-00033590: 206e 616d 6573 2062 6567 696e 2077 6974 names begin wit\n-000335a0: 6820 7468 6f73 6520 5041 5454 4552 4e53 h those PATTERNS\n-000335b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000335c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6578 info, Node: hex\n-000335d0: 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e73 dump, Next: ins\n-000335e0: 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6865 6c70 mod, Prev: help\n-000335f0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00033600: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00033610: 2e34 2e33 3620 6865 7864 756d 700a 2d2d .4.36 hexdump.--\n-00033620: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00033630: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 7864 -- Command: hexd\n-00033640: 756d 7020 5b2d 2d73 6b69 7020 6f66 6673 ump [--skip offs\n-00033650: 6574 5d20 5b2d 2d6c 656e 6774 6820 6c65 et] [--length le\n-00033660: 6e5d 2046 494c 455f 4f52 5f44 4556 4943 n] FILE_OR_DEVIC\n-00033670: 450a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 7261 7720 E. Show raw \n-00033680: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6120 6669 contents of a fi\n-00033690: 6c65 206f 7220 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2057 le or memory. W\n-000336a0: 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d hen option ...--\n-000336b0: 736b 6970 e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 skip... is. \n-000336c0: 6769 7665 6e2c 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 given, ...offset\n-000336d0: e280 9920 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6279 ... number of by\n-000336e0: 7465 7320 6172 6520 736b 6970 7065 6420 tes are skipped \n-000336f0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f from the start o\n-00033700: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 f the. devic\n-00033710: 6520 6f72 2066 696c 6520 6769 7665 6e2e e or file given.\n-00033720: 2020 416e 6420 e280 982d 2d6c 656e 6774 And ...--lengt\n-00033730: 68e2 8099 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7370 6563 h... allows spec\n-00033740: 6966 7969 6e67 2061 206d 6178 696d 756d ifying a maximum\n-00033750: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 . number of \n-00033760: 6279 7465 7320 746f 2062 6520 7368 6f77 bytes to be show\n-00033770: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 7665 n... If give\n-00033780: 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6465 n the special de\n-00033790: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 286d vice named ...(m\n-000337a0: 656d 29e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 em)..., then the\n-000337b0: 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 6769 ...offset... gi\n-000337c0: 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 982d ven. to ...-\n-000337d0: 2d73 6b69 70e2 8099 2069 7320 7472 6561 -skip... is trea\n-000337e0: 7465 6420 6173 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 ted as the addre\n-000337f0: 7373 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6d6f 7279 206c ss of a memory l\n-00033800: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2064 756d 700a ocation to dump.\n-00033810: 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 from.....Fi\n-00033820: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00033830: 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 204e Node: insmod, N\n-00033840: 6578 743a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 ext: keystatus, \n-00033850: 2050 7265 763a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 Prev: hexdump, \n-00033860: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00033870: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00033880: 2e33 3720 696e 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .37 insmod.-----\n-00033890: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-000338a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 206d ommand: insmod m\n-000338b0: 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 odule. Inser\n-000338c0: 7420 7468 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 6320 4752 t the dynamic GR\n-000338d0: 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 UB module called\n-000338e0: 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 MODULE.....File\n-000338f0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00033900: 6465 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 de: keystatus, \n-00033910: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 Next: list_env, \n-00033920: 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 Prev: insmod, \n-00033930: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00033940: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00033950: 3338 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 0a2d 2d2d 38 keystatus.---\n-00033960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00033970: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206b 6579 -- Command: key\n-00033980: 7374 6174 7573 205b 2d2d 7368 6966 745d status [--shift]\n-00033990: 205b 2d2d 6374 726c 5d20 5b2d 2d61 6c74 [--ctrl] [--alt\n-000339a0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e20 7472 ]. Return tr\n-000339b0: 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 5368 6966 742c ue if the Shift,\n-000339c0: 2043 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2c20 6f72 2041 6c74 Control, or Alt\n-000339d0: 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 6b65 7973 2061 modifier keys a\n-000339e0: 7265 2068 656c 640a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 re held. dow\n-000339f0: 6e2c 2061 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 n, as requested \n-00033a00: 6279 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6869 by options. Thi\n-00033a10: 7320 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2073 s is useful in s\n-00033a20: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 746f 0a20 2020 cripting, to. \n-00033a30: 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 736f 6d65 2075 7365 allow some use\n-00033a40: 7220 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 6f76 6572 2062 r control over b\n-00033a50: 6568 6176 696f 7572 2077 6974 686f 7574 ehaviour without\n-00033a60: 2068 6176 696e 6720 746f 2077 6169 7420 having to wait \n-00033a70: 666f 7220 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7072 for a. keypr\n-00033a80: 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b ess... Check\n-00033a90: 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 ing key modifier\n-00033aa0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 status is only \n-00033ab0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d supported on som\n-00033ac0: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a20 2020 e platforms.. \n-00033ad0: 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 If invoked wit\n-00033ae0: 686f 7574 2061 6e79 206f 7074 696f 6e73 hout any options\n-00033af0: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986b 6579 7374 6174 , the ...keystat\n-00033b00: 7573 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7265 us... command re\n-00033b10: 7475 726e 730a 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 turns. true \n-00033b20: 6966 2061 6e64 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2063 if and only if c\n-00033b30: 6865 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 hecking key modi\n-00033b40: 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2073 fier status is s\n-00033b50: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c upported.....Fil\n-00033b60: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00033b70: 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 ode: list_env, \n-00033b80: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 Next: list_trust\n-00033b90: 6564 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206b 6579 7374 ed, Prev: keyst\n-00033ba0: 6174 7573 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 atus, Up: Comma\n-00033bb0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00033bc0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3920 6c69 7374 5f65 ..17.4.39 list_e\n-00033bd0: 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nv.-------------\n-00033be0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00033bf0: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 : list_env [--fi\n-00033c00: 6c65 2066 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 le file]. Li\n-00033c10: 7374 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 st all variables\n-00033c20: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d in the environm\n-00033c30: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 ent block file. \n-00033c40: 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7669 *Note. Envi\n-00033c50: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e ronment block::.\n-00033c60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d .. The ...--\n-00033c70: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f file... option o\n-00033c80: 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 verrides the def\n-00033c90: 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 ault location of\n-00033ca0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f the. enviro\n-00033cb0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a nment block.....\n-00033cc0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00033cd0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 Node: list_tru\n-00033ce0: 7374 6564 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 sted, Next: loa\n-00033cf0: 645f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 d_env, Prev: li\n-00033d00: 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d st_env, Up: Com\n-00033d10: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00033d20: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3020 6c69 7374 ds..17.4.40 list\n-00033d30: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _trusted.-------\n-00033d40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00033d50: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 -- Command: list\n-00033d60: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 _trusted. Li\n-00033d70: 7374 2061 6c6c 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 st all public ke\n-00033d80: 7973 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 7920 4752 ys trusted by GR\n-00033d90: 5542 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 6174 696e UB for validatin\n-00033da0: 6720 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2e0a 2020 g signatures.. \n-00033db0: 2020 2054 6865 206f 7574 7075 7420 6973 The output is\n-00033dc0: 2069 6e20 4750 4727 7320 7634 206b 6579 in GPG's v4 key\n-00033dd0: 2066 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 2066 6f72 fingerprint for\n-00033de0: 6d61 7420 2869 2e65 2e2c 2074 6865 206f mat (i.e., the o\n-00033df0: 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 206f 6620 e280 utput. of ..\n-00033e00: 9867 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 .gpg --fingerpri\n-00033e10: 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6561 nt...). The lea\n-00033e20: 7374 2073 6967 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 2066 st significant f\n-00033e30: 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 286c 6173 740a our bytes (last.\n-00033e40: 2020 2020 2065 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 eight hexad\n-00033e50: 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 2063 ecimal digits) c\n-00033e60: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 616e an be used as an\n-00033e70: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 20e2 8098 argument to ...\n-00033e80: 6469 7374 7275 7374 e280 990a 2020 2020 distrust.... \n-00033e90: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 (*note distrust\n-00033ea0: 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e ::). *Note Usin\n-00033eb0: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n-00033ec0: 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ures::, for more\n-00033ed0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n-00033ee0: 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7573 6573 2066 6f72 n about uses for\n-00033ef0: 2074 6865 7365 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a these keys.....\n-00033f00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00033f10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 Node: load_env\n-00033f20: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e , Next: loadfon\n-00033f30: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 t, Prev: list_t\n-00033f40: 7275 7374 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d rusted, Up: Com\n-00033f50: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00033f60: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3120 6c6f 6164 ds..17.4.41 load\n-00033f70: 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _env.-----------\n-00033f80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00033f90: 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d nd: load_env [--\n-00033fa0: 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 205b 2d2d 736b file file] [--sk\n-00033fb0: 6970 2d73 6967 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ip-sig]. \n-00033fc0: 2020 5b77 6869 7465 6c69 7374 6564 5f76 [whitelisted_v\n-00033fd0: 6172 6961 626c 655f 6e61 6d65 5d20 2e2e ariable_name] ..\n-00033fe0: 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 .. Load all \n-00033ff0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 variables from t\n-00034000: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n-00034010: 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 6520 696e 746f 2074 lock file into t\n-00034020: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d he. environm\n-00034030: 656e 742e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 ent. *Note Envi\n-00034040: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e ronment block::.\n-00034050: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d .. The ...--\n-00034060: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f file... option o\n-00034070: 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 verrides the def\n-00034080: 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 ault location of\n-00034090: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f the. enviro\n-000340a0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 nment block... \n-000340b0: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 The ...--skip\n-000340c0: 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 -sig... option s\n-000340d0: 6b69 7073 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2063 kips signature c\n-000340e0: 6865 636b 696e 6720 6576 656e 2077 6865 hecking even whe\n-000340f0: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 n the. value\n-00034100: 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 of environment \n-00034110: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 variable ...chec\n-00034120: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 k_signatures... \n-00034130: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 is set to. .\n-00034140: 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e ..enforce... (*n\n-00034150: 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ote check_signat\n-00034160: 7572 6573 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 ures::)... I\n-00034170: 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 7661 f one or more va\n-00034180: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 riable names are\n-00034190: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6173 2061 7267 provided as arg\n-000341a0: 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 uments, they are\n-000341b0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 . interprete\n-000341c0: 6420 6173 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 d as a whitelist\n-000341d0: 206f 6620 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f of variables to\n-000341e0: 206c 6f61 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 load from the. \n-000341f0: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 environment \n-00034200: 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 2056 6172 block file. Var\n-00034210: 6961 626c 6573 2073 6574 2069 6e20 7468 iables set in th\n-00034220: 6520 6669 6c65 2062 7574 206e 6f74 2070 e file but not p\n-00034230: 7265 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 resent. in t\n-00034240: 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2061 7265 he whitelist are\n-00034250: 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ignored... \n-00034260: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 The ...--skip-si\n-00034270: 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7368 6f75 g... option shou\n-00034280: 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 ld be used with \n-00034290: 6361 7265 2c20 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 care, and should\n-000342a0: 2061 6c77 6179 730a 2020 2020 2062 6520 always. be \n-000342b0: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 636f 6e63 6572 7420 used in concert \n-000342c0: 7769 7468 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 with a whitelist\n-000342d0: 206f 6620 6163 6365 7074 6162 6c65 2076 of acceptable v\n-000342e0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 686f 7365 0a20 ariables whose. \n-000342f0: 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6573 2073 686f 756c values shoul\n-00034300: 6420 6265 2073 6574 2e20 2046 6169 6c75 d be set. Failu\n-00034310: 7265 2074 6f20 656d 706c 6f79 2061 2063 re to employ a c\n-00034320: 6172 6566 756c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 arefully constru\n-00034330: 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6974 656c cted. whitel\n-00034340: 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 7265 7375 6c74 ist could result\n-00034350: 2069 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 6120 6d61 in reading a ma\n-00034360: 6c69 6369 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 6520 696e licious value in\n-00034370: 746f 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 to critical. \n-00034380: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00034390: 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 iables from the \n-000343a0: 6669 6c65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7365 file, such as se\n-000343b0: 7474 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6368 tting. ...ch\n-000343c0: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e eck_signatures=n\n-000343d0: 6fe2 8099 2c20 6d6f 6469 6679 696e 6720 o..., modifying \n-000343e0: e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2074 6f20 ...prefix... to \n-000343f0: 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 boot from an. \n-00034400: 2020 756e 6578 7065 6374 6564 206c 6f63 unexpected loc\n-00034410: 6174 696f 6e20 6f72 206e 6f74 2061 7420 ation or not at \n-00034420: 616c 6c2c 2065 7463 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 all, etc... \n-00034430: 5768 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 2063 When used with c\n-00034440: 6172 652c 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 are, ...--skip-s\n-00034450: 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 ig... and the wh\n-00034460: 6974 656c 6973 7420 656e 6162 6c65 2061 itelist enable a\n-00034470: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 646d 696e 6973 7472 n. administr\n-00034480: 6174 6f72 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ator to configur\n-00034490: 6520 6120 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 626f e a system to bo\n-000344a0: 6f74 206f 6e6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 0a20 ot only signed. \n-000344b0: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f configuratio\n-000344c0: 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 ns, but to allow\n-000344d0: 2074 6865 2075 7365 7220 746f 2073 656c the user to sel\n-000344e0: 6563 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6d6f 6e67 206d ect from among m\n-000344f0: 756c 7469 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e ultiple. con\n-00034500: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 figurations, and\n-00034510: 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2022 6f6e 652d to enable \"one-\n-00034520: 7368 6f74 2220 626f 6f74 2061 7474 656d shot\" boot attem\n-00034530: 7074 7320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2022 7361 pts and. \"sa\n-00034540: 7665 6465 6661 756c 7422 2062 6568 6176 vedefault\" behav\n-00034550: 696f 722e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e ior. *Note Usin\n-00034560: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n-00034570: 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ures::, for more\n-00034580: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n-00034590: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-000345a0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f .info, Node: lo\n-000345b0: 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c adfont, Next: l\n-000345c0: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 oopback, Prev: \n-000345d0: 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 load_env, Up: C\n-000345e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-000345f0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3220 6c6f ands..17.4.42 lo\n-00034600: 6164 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d adfont.---------\n-00034610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00034620: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2066 mand: loadfont f\n-00034630: 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 ile .... Loa\n-00034640: 6420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 666f 6e74 d specified font\n-00034650: 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 files. Unless \n-00034660: 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2070 6174 686e 616d absolute pathnam\n-00034670: 6520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 4649 4c45 e is given, FILE\n-00034680: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7373 756d 6564 . is assumed\n-00034690: 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 6469 7265 6374 to be in direct\n-000346a0: 6f72 7920 e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 2f66 ory ...$prefix/f\n-000346b0: 6f6e 7473 e280 9920 7769 7468 2073 7566 onts... with suf\n-000346c0: 6669 7820 e280 982e 7066 32e2 8099 0a20 fix ....pf2.... \n-000346d0: 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2e20 202a appended. *\n-000346e0: 4e6f 7465 2046 6f6e 7473 3a20 5468 656d Note Fonts: Them\n-000346f0: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a e file format...\n-00034700: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00034710: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 o, Node: loopba\n-00034720: 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 732c 2020 ck, Next: ls, \n-00034730: 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 Prev: loadfont, \n-00034740: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00034750: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00034760: 2e34 3320 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a2d 2d2d .43 loopback.---\n-00034770: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00034780: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6f70 -- Command: loop\n-00034790: 6261 636b 205b 2d64 5d20 5b2d 445d 2064 back [-d] [-D] d\n-000347a0: 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 evice file. \n-000347b0: 4d61 6b65 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 Make the device \n-000347c0: 6e61 6d65 6420 4445 5649 4345 2063 6f72 named DEVICE cor\n-000347d0: 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 respond to the c\n-000347e0: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 ontents of the. \n-000347f0: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 filesystem i\n-00034800: 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2046 mage in FILE. F\n-00034810: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 or example:.. \n-00034820: 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 loopback \n-00034830: 6c6f 6f70 3020 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f69 loop0 /path/to/i\n-00034840: 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c mage. l\n-00034850: 7320 286c 6f6f 7030 292f 0a0a 2020 2020 s (loop0)/.. \n-00034860: 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 Specifying the \n-00034870: e280 982d 44e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ...-D... option \n-00034880: 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 206c 6f6f 7062 allows the loopb\n-00034890: 6163 6b20 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 ack file to be. \n-000348a0: 2020 2020 7472 616e 7061 7265 6e74 6c79 tranparently\n-000348b0: 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 6966 decompressed if\n-000348c0: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2061 7070 there is an app\n-000348d0: 726f 7072 6961 7465 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 ropriate decompr\n-000348e0: 6573 736f 720a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 essor. loade\n-000348f0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 d... With th\n-00034900: 6520 e280 982d 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-d... optio\n-00034910: 6e2c 2064 656c 6574 6520 6120 6465 7669 n, delete a devi\n-00034920: 6365 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 6372 ce previously cr\n-00034930: 6561 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 eated using this\n-00034940: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a . command...\n-00034950: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00034960: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 2c20 204e o, Node: ls, N\n-00034970: 6578 743a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2050 ext: lsfonts, P\n-00034980: 7265 763a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 rev: loopback, \n-00034990: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-000349a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-000349b0: 3434 206c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 44 ls.----------\n-000349c0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c .. -- Command: l\n-000349d0: 7320 5b61 7267 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 s [arg ...]. \n-000349e0: 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 6f72 List devices or\n-000349f0: 2066 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 files... Wi\n-00034a00: 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c th no arguments,\n-00034a10: 2070 7269 6e74 2061 6c6c 2064 6576 6963 print all devic\n-00034a20: 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 4752 5542 es known to GRUB\n-00034a30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 ... If the a\n-00034a40: 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2064 6576 rgument is a dev\n-00034a50: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 ice name enclose\n-00034a60: 6420 696e 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 d in parentheses\n-00034a70: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2044 6576 (*note. Dev\n-00034a80: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 ice syntax::), t\n-00034a90: 6865 6e20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6e61 hen print the na\n-00034aa0: 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 me of the filesy\n-00034ab0: 7374 656d 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 2020 stem of that. \n-00034ac0: 2020 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 device... \n-00034ad0: 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 If the argument \n-00034ae0: 6973 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2067 is a directory g\n-00034af0: 6976 656e 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c iven as an absol\n-00034b00: 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 2020 ute file name. \n-00034b10: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e (*note File n\n-00034b20: 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 ame syntax::), t\n-00034b30: 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2063 6f6e hen list the con\n-00034b40: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 tents of that. \n-00034b50: 2020 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e0a 0a1f directory....\n-00034b60: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00034b70: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 , Node: lsfonts\n-00034b80: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 , Next: lsmod, \n-00034b90: 2050 7265 763a 206c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: ls, Up: \n-00034ba0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00034bb0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3435 206c mands..17.4.45 l\n-00034bc0: 7366 6f6e 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sfonts.---------\n-00034bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00034be0: 616e 643a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a20 2020 and: lsfonts. \n-00034bf0: 2020 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f List loaded fo\n-00034c00: 6e74 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 nts.....File: gr\n-00034c10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00034c20: 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d64 lsmod, Next: md\n-00034c30: 3573 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 7366 5sum, Prev: lsf\n-00034c40: 6f6e 7473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 onts, Up: Comma\n-00034c50: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00034c60: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3620 6c73 6d6f 640a ..17.4.46 lsmod.\n-00034c70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00034c80: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 6d6f -- Command: lsmo\n-00034c90: 640a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 6c69 7374 d. Show list\n-00034ca0: 206f 6620 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 6f64 756c of loaded modul\n-00034cb0: 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 es.....File: gru\n-00034cc0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d b.info, Node: m\n-00034cd0: 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d6f d5sum, Next: mo\n-00034ce0: 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 736d dule, Prev: lsm\n-00034cf0: 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 od, Up: Command\n-00034d00: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00034d10: 3137 2e34 2e34 3720 6d64 3573 756d 0a2d 17.4.47 md5sum.-\n-00034d20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00034d30: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d64 3573 -- Command: md5s\n-00034d40: 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 um arg .... \n-00034d50: 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 Alias for ...has\n-00034d60: 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6d64 3520 hsum --hash md5 \n-00034d70: 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 arg ....... See\n-00034d80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 command ...hash\n-00034d90: 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f sum.... (*no\n-00034da0: 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f te hashsum::) fo\n-00034db0: 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 r full descripti\n-00034dc0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n-00034dd0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d b.info, Node: m\n-00034de0: 6f64 756c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d75 odule, Next: mu\n-00034df0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ltiboot, Prev: \n-00034e00: 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d md5sum, Up: Com\n-00034e10: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00034e20: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3820 6d6f 6475 ds..17.4.48 modu\n-00034e30: 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d le.-------------\n-00034e40: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00034e50: 6d6f 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 module [--nounzi\n-00034e60: 705d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e p] file [argumen\n-00034e70: 7473 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 ts]. Load a \n-00034e80: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 module for multi\n-00034e90: 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 boot kernel imag\n-00034ea0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 e. The rest of \n-00034eb0: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 the line is. \n-00034ec0: 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d passed verbatim\n-00034ed0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 as the module c\n-00034ee0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 1f0a ommand line.....\n-00034ef0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00034f00: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Node: multiboo\n-00034f10: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 t, Next: native\n-00034f20: 6469 736b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 6f64 disk, Prev: mod\n-00034f30: 756c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ule, Up: Comman\n-00034f40: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00034f50: 0a31 372e 342e 3439 206d 756c 7469 626f .17.4.49 multibo\n-00034f60: 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ot.-------------\n-00034f70: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00034f80: 643a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 205b 2d2d d: multiboot [--\n-00034f90: 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 6765 quirk-bad-kludge\n-00034fa0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d71 ]. [--q\n-00034fb0: 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 6674 uirk-modules-aft\n-00034fc0: 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c5d 2066 696c 6520 er-kernel] file \n-00034fd0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 .... Load a \n-00034fe0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c multiboot kernel\n-00034ff0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 image from FILE\n-00035000: 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 . The rest of t\n-00035010: 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 he line is. \n-00035020: 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 passed verbatim \n-00035030: 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c as the ...kernel\n-00035040: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d command-line...\n-00035050: 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 . Any module mu\n-00035060: 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6f61 st be. reloa\n-00035070: 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 ded after using \n-00035080: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e this command (*n\n-00035090: 6f74 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a ote module::)...\n-000350a0: 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c Some kernel\n-000350b0: 7320 6861 7665 206b 6e6f 776e 2070 726f s have known pro\n-000350c0: 626c 656d 732e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 6564 blems. You need\n-000350d0: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 2d71 7569 to specify -qui\n-000350e0: 726b 2d2a 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 rk-* for. th\n-000350f0: 6f73 652e 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 6164 ose. -quirk-bad\n-00035100: 2d6b 6c75 6467 6520 6973 2061 2070 726f -kludge is a pro\n-00035110: 626c 656d 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2073 6576 blem seen in sev\n-00035120: 6572 616c 2070 726f 6475 6374 730a 2020 eral products. \n-00035130: 2020 2074 6861 7420 7468 6579 2069 6e63 that they inc\n-00035140: 6c75 6465 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206b 6c75 lude loading klu\n-00035150: 6467 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 dge information \n-00035160: 7769 7468 2069 6e76 616c 6964 2064 6174 with invalid dat\n-00035170: 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 454c 4620 6669 a in. ELF fi\n-00035180: 6c65 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7072 696f 7220 le. GRUB prior \n-00035190: 746f 2030 2e39 3720 616e 6420 736f 6d65 to 0.97 and some\n-000351a0: 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6275 696c 6473 2070 custom builds p\n-000351b0: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2045 4c46 0a20 2020 referred ELF. \n-000351c0: 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7768 information wh\n-000351d0: 696c 6520 302e 3937 2061 6e64 2047 5255 ile 0.97 and GRU\n-000351e0: 4220 3220 7573 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 B 2 use kludge. \n-000351f0: 2055 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e Use this option\n-00035200: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6520 to. ignore \n-00035210: 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 kludge. Known a\n-00035220: 6666 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a ffected systems:\n-00035230: 206f 6c64 2053 6f6c 6172 6973 2c20 536b old Solaris, Sk\n-00035240: 794f 532e 0a0a 2020 2020 202d 7175 6972 yOS... -quir\n-00035250: 6b2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d k-modules-after-\n-00035260: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 kernel is needed\n-00035270: 2066 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2077 6869 for kernels whi\n-00035280: 6368 206c 6f61 6420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 ch load at. \n-00035290: 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2068 6967 6820 relatively high \n-000352a0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 652e 672e 2020 3136 address e.g. 16\n-000352b0: 4d69 4220 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2063 616e MiB mark and can\n-000352c0: 2774 2063 6f70 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 't cope with. \n-000352d0: 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7374 7566 6665 modules stuffe\n-000352e0: 6420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 314d 6942 206d d between 1MiB m\n-000352f0: 6172 6b20 616e 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e ark and beginnin\n-00035300: 6720 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e g of the kernel.\n-00035310: 0a20 2020 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6674 . Known afft\n-00035320: 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 2056 ected systems: V\n-00035330: 4d57 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 MWare.....File: \n-00035340: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00035350: 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 204e : nativedisk, N\n-00035360: 6578 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 ext: normal, Pr\n-00035370: 6576 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 ev: multiboot, \n-00035380: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00035390: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-000353a0: 3530 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2d2d 50 nativedisk.--\n+0002e510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002e520: 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f and: background_\n+0002e530: 696d 6167 6520 5b5b 2d2d 6d6f 6465 2073 image [[--mode s\n+0002e540: 7472 6574 6368 7c6e 6f72 6d61 6c5d 2066 tretch|normal] f\n+0002e550: 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2062 ile]. Load b\n+0002e560: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 ackground image \n+0002e570: 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 for active termi\n+0002e580: 6e61 6c20 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 nal from FILE. \n+0002e590: 496d 6167 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7374 Image is. st\n+0002e5a0: 7265 7463 6865 6420 746f 2066 696c 6c20 retched to fill \n+0002e5b0: 7570 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 7265 656e up entire screen\n+0002e5c0: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 unless option .\n+0002e5d0: 8098 2d2d 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 e280 986e ..--mode... ...n\n+0002e5e0: 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6973 ormal.... is\n+0002e5f0: 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2057 6974 686f 7574 given. Without\n+0002e600: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 arguments remov\n+0002e610: 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6c6f 6164 e currently load\n+0002e620: 6564 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a 2020 ed background. \n+0002e630: 2020 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2042 6163 6b67 image. Backg\n+0002e640: 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 round image can \n+0002e650: 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 be changed only \n+0002e660: 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 when using ...gf\n+0002e670: 7874 6572 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 666f xterm.... fo\n+0002e680: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 r terminal outpu\n+0002e690: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n+0002e6a0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 .info, Node: ba\n+0002e6b0: 6472 616d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6c6f dram, Next: blo\n+0002e6c0: 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 cklist, Prev: b\n+0002e6d0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c ackground_image,\n+0002e6e0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002e6f0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002e700: 342e 3620 6261 6472 616d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.6 badram.-----\n+0002e710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002e720: 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6164 7261 6d20 6164 mmand: badram ad\n+0002e730: 6472 2c6d 6173 6b5b 2c61 6464 722c 6d61 dr,mask[,addr,ma\n+0002e740: 736b 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c74 sk...]. Filt\n+0002e750: 6572 206f 7574 2062 6164 2052 414d 2e0a er out bad RAM..\n+0002e760: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n+0002e770: 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 nd notifies the \n+0002e780: 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 memory manager t\n+0002e790: 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 hat specified re\n+0002e7a0: 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 gions of. RA\n+0002e7b0: 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 M ought to be fi\n+0002e7c0: 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2028 7573 7561 ltered out (usua\n+0002e7d0: 6c6c 792c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 lly, because the\n+0002e7e0: 7927 7265 2064 616d 6167 6564 292e 0a20 y're damaged).. \n+0002e7f0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d 6169 6e73 This remains\n+0002e800: 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 6674 6572 in effect after\n+0002e810: 2061 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 a payload kerne\n+0002e820: 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 l has been loade\n+0002e830: 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2c20 d by. GRUB, \n+0002e840: 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 206c as long as the l\n+0002e850: 6f61 6465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 oaded kernel obt\n+0002e860: 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 ains its memory \n+0002e870: 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 4752 map from. GR\n+0002e880: 5542 2e20 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 UB. Kernels tha\n+0002e890: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 2069 t support this i\n+0002e8a0: 6e63 6c75 6465 204c 696e 7578 2c20 474e nclude Linux, GN\n+0002e8b0: 5520 4d61 6368 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 U Mach, the. \n+0002e8c0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 kernel of FreeB\n+0002e8d0: 5344 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 SD and Multiboot\n+0002e8e0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 6765 6e65 kernels in gene\n+0002e8f0: 7261 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 796e 7461 ral... Synta\n+0002e900: 7820 6973 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 x is the same as\n+0002e910: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 provided by the\n+0002e920: 204d 656d 7465 7374 3836 2b20 7574 696c Memtest86+ util\n+0002e930: 6974 790a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f ity. (http:/\n+0002e940: 2f77 7777 2e6d 656d 7465 7374 2e6f 7267 /www.memtest.org\n+0002e950: 2f29 3a20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6164 /): a list of ad\n+0002e960: 6472 6573 732f 6d61 736b 2070 6169 7273 dress/mask pairs\n+0002e970: 2e20 2047 6976 656e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 . Given a. \n+0002e980: 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 2061 6464 page-aligned add\n+0002e990: 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2061 2062 6173 6520 ress and a base \n+0002e9a0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 2f20 6d61 736b 2070 address / mask p\n+0002e9b0: 6169 722c 2069 6620 616c 6c20 7468 650a air, if all the.\n+0002e9c0: 2020 2020 2062 6974 7320 6f66 2074 6865 bits of the\n+0002e9d0: 2070 6167 652d 616c 6967 6e65 6420 6164 page-aligned ad\n+0002e9e0: 6472 6573 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2065 dress that are e\n+0002e9f0: 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6d61 nabled by the ma\n+0002ea00: 736b 206d 6174 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7769 sk match. wi\n+0002ea10: 7468 2074 6865 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 th the base addr\n+0002ea20: 6573 732c 2069 7420 6d65 616e 7320 7468 ess, it means th\n+0002ea30: 6973 2070 6167 6520 6973 2074 6f20 6265 is page is to be\n+0002ea40: 2066 696c 7465 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 filtered. This\n+0002ea50: 0a20 2020 2020 7379 6e74 6178 206d 616b . syntax mak\n+0002ea60: 6573 2069 7420 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7265 es it easy to re\n+0002ea70: 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 7474 6572 6e73 present patterns\n+0002ea80: 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 that are often \n+0002ea90: 7265 7375 6c74 206f 660a 2020 2020 206d result of. m\n+0002eaa0: 656d 6f72 7920 6461 6d61 6765 2c20 6475 emory damage, du\n+0002eab0: 6520 746f 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6469 e to physical di\n+0002eac0: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6d65 stribution of me\n+0002ead0: 6d6f 7279 2063 656c 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 mory cells... \n+0002eae0: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 The command is\n+0002eaf0: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9863 similar to ...c\n+0002eb00: 7574 6d65 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 utmem... command\n+0002eb10: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 ... Note: Th\n+0002eb20: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 e command is not\n+0002eb30: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f allowed when lo\n+0002eb40: 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 ckdown is enforc\n+0002eb50: 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c ed (*note. L\n+0002eb60: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 ockdown::). Thi\n+0002eb70: 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 s prevents remov\n+0002eb80: 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 ing EFI memory r\n+0002eb90: 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 egions to. p\n+0002eba0: 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 7562 7665 otentially subve\n+0002ebb0: 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 rt the security \n+0002ebc0: 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 726f 7669 mechanisms provi\n+0002ebd0: 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a ded by the UEFI.\n+0002ebe0: 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 secure boot\n+0002ebf0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002ec00: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f info, Node: blo\n+0002ec10: 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 cklist, Next: b\n+0002ec20: 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6261 6472 oot, Prev: badr\n+0002ec30: 616d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 am, Up: Command\n+0002ec40: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002ec50: 3137 2e34 2e37 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 17.4.7 blocklist\n+0002ec60: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0002ec70: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002ec80: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6669 6c65 0a20 blocklist file. \n+0002ec90: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 626c 6f63 Print a bloc\n+0002eca0: 6b20 6c69 7374 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c k list (*note Bl\n+0002ecb0: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a ock list syntax:\n+0002ecc0: 3a29 2066 6f72 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a :) for FILE.....\n+0002ecd0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002ece0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 204e Node: boot, N\n+0002ecf0: 6578 743a 2063 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a ext: cat, Prev:\n+0002ed00: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2055 703a blocklist, Up:\n+0002ed10: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0002ed20: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 2062 mmands..17.4.8 b\n+0002ed30: 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a oot.-----------.\n+0002ed40: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626f . -- Command: bo\n+0002ed50: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 ot. Boot the\n+0002ed60: 204f 5320 6f72 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 OS or chain-loa\n+0002ed70: 6465 7220 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6265 der which has be\n+0002ed80: 656e 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4f6e 6c79 en loaded. Only\n+0002ed90: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 0a20 2020 2020 necessary. \n+0002eda0: 6966 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2066 if running the f\n+0002edb0: 756c 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 ully interactive\n+0002edc0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 2869 command-line (i\n+0002edd0: 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 7420 6174 t is implicit at\n+0002ede0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 . the end of\n+0002edf0: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7929 2e0a a menu entry)..\n+0002ee00: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002ee10: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6174 2c20 fo, Node: cat, \n+0002ee20: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 2050 Next: clear, P\n+0002ee30: 7265 763a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: boot, Up: \n+0002ee40: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002ee50: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3920 6361 mands..17.4.9 ca\n+0002ee60: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d t.----------.. -\n+0002ee70: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6174 205b - Command: cat [\n+0002ee80: 2d2d 646f 735d 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 --dos] file. \n+0002ee90: 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2063 6f6e Display the con\n+0002eea0: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c tents of the fil\n+0002eeb0: 6520 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f e FILE. This co\n+0002eec0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 mmand may be use\n+0002eed0: 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7265 6d69 ful. to remi\n+0002eee0: 6e64 2079 6f75 206f 6620 796f 7572 204f nd you of your O\n+0002eef0: 5327 7320 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 S's root partiti\n+0002ef00: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 on:.. g\n+0002ef10: 7275 623e 2063 6174 202f 6574 632f 6673 rub> cat /etc/fs\n+0002ef20: 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 tab.. If the\n+0002ef30: 20e2 8098 2d2d 646f 73e2 8099 206f 7074 ...--dos... opt\n+0002ef40: 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 ion is used, the\n+0002ef50: 6e20 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 n carriage retur\n+0002ef60: 6e20 2f20 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a20 2020 n / new line. \n+0002ef70: 2020 7061 6972 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 pairs will be \n+0002ef80: 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6173 2061 2073 displayed as a s\n+0002ef90: 696d 706c 6520 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 imple new line. \n+0002efa0: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 650a Otherwise, the.\n+0002efb0: 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 carriage re\n+0002efc0: 7475 726e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 turn will be dis\n+0002efd0: 706c 6179 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e74 played as a cont\n+0002efe0: 726f 6c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 28e2 rol character (.\n+0002eff0: 8098 3c64 3ee2 8099 2920 746f 0a20 2020 .....) to. \n+0002f000: 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 make it easier\n+0002f010: 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7768 656e 2062 6f6f to see when boo\n+0002f020: 7420 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2061 7265 2063 t problems are c\n+0002f030: 6175 7365 6420 6279 2061 2066 696c 650a aused by a file.\n+0002f040: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2075 formatted u\n+0002f050: 7369 6e67 2044 4f53 2d73 7479 6c65 206c sing DOS-style l\n+0002f060: 696e 6520 656e 6469 6e67 732e 0a0a 2020 ine endings... \n+0002f070: 2020 204e 6f74 653a 20e2 8098 6361 74e2 Note: ...cat.\n+0002f080: 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 .. can be used t\n+0002f090: 6f20 7669 6577 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 o view the conte\n+0002f0a0: 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 6576 6963 6573 2075 nts of devices u\n+0002f0b0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 626c sing the. bl\n+0002f0c0: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 7820 ock list syntax \n+0002f0d0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 (*note Block lis\n+0002f0e0: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 486f t syntax::). Ho\n+0002f0f0: 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 wever, it is not\n+0002f100: 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7669 7365 6420 746f . advised to\n+0002f110: 2076 6965 7720 6269 6e61 7279 2064 6174 view binary dat\n+0002f120: 6120 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 2077 696c a because it wil\n+0002f130: 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2064 6563 6f64 6520 l try to decode \n+0002f140: 5554 462d 380a 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e UTF-8. strin\n+0002f150: 6773 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6c65 gs, which can le\n+0002f160: 6164 2074 6f20 736f 6d65 2062 7974 6573 ad to some bytes\n+0002f170: 206d 6973 7369 6e67 206f 7220 6164 6465 missing or adde\n+0002f180: 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 d in the. ou\n+0002f190: 7470 7574 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 tput. Instead, \n+0002f1a0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 9868 6578 6475 use the ...hexdu\n+0002f1b0: 6d70 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a mp... command (*\n+0002f1c0: 6e6f 7465 2068 6578 6475 6d70 3a3a 292e note hexdump::).\n+0002f1d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002f1e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636c 6561 nfo, Node: clea\n+0002f1f0: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 636c r, Next: cmoscl\n+0002f200: 6561 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6361 742c ean, Prev: cat,\n+0002f210: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002f220: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002f230: 342e 3130 2063 6c65 6172 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.10 clear.-----\n+0002f240: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002f250: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6c65 6172 0a20 2020 mmand: clear. \n+0002f260: 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 7363 7265 Clear the scre\n+0002f270: 656e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 en.....File: gru\n+0002f280: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+0002f290: 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 204e 6578 743a mosclean, Next:\n+0002f2a0: 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 5072 6576 cmosdump, Prev\n+0002f2b0: 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : clear, Up: Co\n+0002f2c0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0002f2d0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3131 2063 6d6f nds..17.4.11 cmo\n+0002f2e0: 7363 6c65 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sclean.---------\n+0002f2f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002f300: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e mmand: cmosclean\n+0002f310: 2062 7974 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 2043 byte:bit. C\n+0002f320: 6c65 6172 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 lear value of bi\n+0002f330: 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 t in CMOS at loc\n+0002f340: 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 ation BYTE:BIT. \n+0002f350: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n+0002f360: 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 . available \n+0002f370: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d only on platform\n+0002f380: 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 s that support C\n+0002f390: 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 MOS.....File: gr\n+0002f3a0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002f3b0: 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a cmosdump, Next:\n+0002f3c0: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 cmostest, Prev\n+0002f3d0: 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5570 : cmosclean, Up\n+0002f3e0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0002f3f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3132 ommands..17.4.12\n+0002f400: 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cmosdump.------\n+0002f410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002f420: 4475 6d70 3a20 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 Dump: CMOS conte\n+0002f430: 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2044 756d 7020 6675 nts. Dump fu\n+0002f440: 6c6c 2043 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 ll CMOS contents\n+0002f450: 2061 7320 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 as hexadecimal \n+0002f460: 7661 6c75 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f values. This co\n+0002f470: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6176 mmand is. av\n+0002f480: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 ailable only on \n+0002f490: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 platforms that s\n+0002f4a0: 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a upport CMOS.....\n+0002f4b0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002f4c0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 Node: cmostest\n+0002f4d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d70 2c20 2050 , Next: cmp, P\n+0002f4e0: 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 rev: cmosdump, \n+0002f4f0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002f500: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0002f510: 3133 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 13 cmostest.----\n+0002f520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002f530: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7374 - Command: cmost\n+0002f540: 6573 7420 6279 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 est byte:bit. \n+0002f550: 2020 5465 7374 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 Test value of \n+0002f560: 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c bit in CMOS at l\n+0002f570: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 ocation BYTE:BIT\n+0002f580: 2e20 2045 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 . Exit status i\n+0002f590: 730a 2020 2020 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2062 s. zero if b\n+0002f5a0: 6974 2069 7320 7365 742c 206e 6f6e 207a it is set, non z\n+0002f5b0: 6572 6f20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e 2020 ero otherwise. \n+0002f5c0: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n+0002f5d0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 206f available. o\n+0002f5e0: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 nly on platforms\n+0002f5f0: 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d that support CM\n+0002f600: 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 OS.....File: gru\n+0002f610: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+0002f620: 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 mp, Next: confi\n+0002f630: 6766 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d gfile, Prev: cm\n+0002f640: 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ostest, Up: Com\n+0002f650: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0002f660: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3420 636d 700a ds..17.4.14 cmp.\n+0002f670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002f680: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d 7020 5b2d Command: cmp [-\n+0002f690: 765d 2066 696c 6531 2066 696c 6532 0a20 v] file1 file2. \n+0002f6a0: 2020 2020 436f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6520 Compare the \n+0002f6b0: 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4531 2077 6974 6820 file FILE1 with \n+0002f6c0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4532 2e20 the file FILE2. \n+0002f6d0: 2049 6620 7468 6579 2061 7265 2063 6f6d If they are com\n+0002f6e0: 706c 6574 656c 790a 2020 2020 2069 6465 pletely. ide\n+0002f6f0: 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 ntical, ...$?...\n+0002f700: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 will be set to \n+0002f710: 302e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2069 0. Otherwise, i\n+0002f720: 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 f the files are \n+0002f730: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 not. identic\n+0002f740: 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c al, ...$?... wil\n+0002f750: 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f l be set to a no\n+0002f760: 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 2020 nzero value... \n+0002f770: 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e6f By default no\n+0002f780: 7468 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6f75 thing will be ou\n+0002f790: 7470 7574 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 tput. If the ..\n+0002f7a0: 982d 76e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 .-v... is used, \n+0002f7b0: 7665 7262 6f73 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 verbose. mod\n+0002f7c0: 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2049 e is enabled. I\n+0002f7d0: 6e20 7468 6973 206d 6f64 6520 7768 656e n this mode when\n+0002f7e0: 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 when the files \n+0002f7f0: 6469 6666 6572 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2c0a differ in size,.\n+0002f800: 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2073 print the s\n+0002f810: 697a 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a izes like this:.\n+0002f820: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6966 6665 . Diffe\n+0002f830: 7220 696e 2073 697a 653a 2030 7831 3233 r in size: 0x123\n+0002f840: 3420 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7834 3332 3120 4 [foo], 0x4321 \n+0002f850: 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 [bar].. If t\n+0002f860: 6865 2073 697a 6573 2061 7265 2065 7175 he sizes are equ\n+0002f870: 616c 2062 7574 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 al but the bytes\n+0002f880: 2061 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 7420 6469 at an offset di\n+0002f890: 6666 6572 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 ffer, then. \n+0002f8a0: 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 print the bytes \n+0002f8b0: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like this:.. \n+0002f8c0: 2020 2020 2020 4469 6666 6572 2061 7420 Differ at \n+0002f8d0: 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 2037 3737 3a20 the offset 777: \n+0002f8e0: 3078 6265 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 6566 0xbe [foo], 0xef\n+0002f8f0: 205b 6261 725d 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 [bar]....File: \n+0002f900: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002f910: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 204e : configfile, N\n+0002f920: 6578 743a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2050 7265 ext: cpuid, Pre\n+0002f930: 763a 2063 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d v: cmp, Up: Com\n+0002f940: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0002f950: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3520 636f 6e66 ds..17.4.15 conf\n+0002f960: 6967 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d igfile.---------\n+0002f970: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0002f980: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 ommand: configfi\n+0002f990: 6c65 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 le file. Loa\n+0002f9a0: 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e66 d FILE as a conf\n+0002f9b0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 iguration file. \n+0002f9c0: 2049 6620 4649 4c45 2064 6566 696e 6573 If FILE defines\n+0002f9d0: 2061 6e79 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 any menu. e\n+0002f9e0: 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 7468 656e 2073 686f ntries, then sho\n+0002f9f0: 7720 6120 6d65 6e75 2063 6f6e 7461 696e w a menu contain\n+0002fa00: 696e 6720 7468 656d 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 ing them immedia\n+0002fa10: 7465 6c79 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 tely. Any. \n+0002fa20: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0002fa30: 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d 6164 able changes mad\n+0002fa40: 6520 6279 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e by the command\n+0002fa50: 7320 696e 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 206e s in FILE will n\n+0002fa60: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2070 7265 7365 ot. be prese\n+0002fa70: 7276 6564 2061 6674 6572 20e2 8098 636f rved after ...co\n+0002fa80: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 7265 7475 nfigfile... retu\n+0002fa90: 726e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 rns.....File: gr\n+0002faa0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002fab0: 6370 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 cpuid, Next: cr\n+0002fac0: 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 c, Prev: config\n+0002fad0: 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 file, Up: Comma\n+0002fae0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0002faf0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3620 6370 7569 640a ..17.4.16 cpuid.\n+0002fb00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0002fb10: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6370 7569 -- Command: cpui\n+0002fb20: 6420 5b2d 6c5d 205b 2d70 5d0a 2020 2020 d [-l] [-p]. \n+0002fb30: 2043 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2043 5055 2066 Check for CPU f\n+0002fb40: 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 eatures. This c\n+0002fb50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 ommand is only a\n+0002fb60: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 360a vailable on x86.\n+0002fb70: 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 systems... \n+0002fb80: 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 With the ...\n+0002fb90: 2d6c e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 -l... option, re\n+0002fba0: 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 turn true if the\n+0002fbb0: 2043 5055 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6c6f CPU supports lo\n+0002fbc0: 6e67 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2028 3634 ng mode. (64\n+0002fbd0: 2d62 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 -bit)... Wit\n+0002fbe0: 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206f h the ...-p... o\n+0002fbf0: 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 ption, return tr\n+0002fc00: 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 ue if the CPU su\n+0002fc10: 7070 6f72 7473 2050 6879 7369 6361 6c0a pports Physical.\n+0002fc20: 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2045 7874 Address Ext\n+0002fc30: 656e 7369 6f6e 2028 5041 4529 2e0a 0a20 ension (PAE)... \n+0002fc40: 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 If invoked w\n+0002fc50: 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 ithout options, \n+0002fc60: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 7572 this command cur\n+0002fc70: 7265 6e74 6c79 2062 6568 6176 6573 2061 rently behaves a\n+0002fc80: 7320 6966 2069 740a 2020 2020 2068 6164 s if it. had\n+0002fc90: 2062 6565 6e20 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 been invoked wi\n+0002fca0: 7468 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 992e 2020 5468 th ...-l.... Th\n+0002fcb0: 6973 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 6520 696e is may change in\n+0002fcc0: 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 1f0a the future.....\n+0002fcd0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002fce0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 632c 2020 4e65 Node: crc, Ne\n+0002fcf0: 7874 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c xt: cryptomount,\n+0002fd00: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 Prev: cpuid, \n+0002fd10: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002fd20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0002fd30: 3137 2063 7263 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 17 crc.---------\n+0002fd40: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002fd50: 2063 7263 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 crc arg .... \n+0002fd60: 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 Alias for ...h\n+0002fd70: 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6372 ashsum --hash cr\n+0002fd80: 6333 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 c32 arg ....... \n+0002fd90: 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 See command ...\n+0002fda0: 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 hashsum.... \n+0002fdb0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a (*note hashsum::\n+0002fdc0: 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 ) for full descr\n+0002fdd0: 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a iption.....File:\n+0002fde0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002fdf0: 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 e: cryptomount, \n+0002fe00: 204e 6578 743a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 Next: cutmem, \n+0002fe10: 5072 6576 3a20 6372 632c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: crc, Up: \n+0002fe20: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002fe30: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3138 2063 mands..17.4.18 c\n+0002fe40: 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ryptomount.-----\n+0002fe50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002fe60: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7279 -- Command: cry\n+0002fe70: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 205b 205b 2d70 2070 ptomount [ [-p p\n+0002fe80: 6173 7377 6f72 645d 207c 205b 2d6b 206b assword] | [-k k\n+0002fe90: 6579 6669 6c65 205b 2d4f 206b 6579 6f66 eyfile [-O keyof\n+0002fea0: 6673 6574 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fset]. \n+0002feb0: 5b2d 5320 6b65 7973 697a 655d 205d 205d [-S keysize] ] ]\n+0002fec0: 205b 2d48 2066 696c 655d 2064 6576 6963 [-H file] devic\n+0002fed0: 657c 2d75 2075 7569 647c 2d61 7c2d 620a e|-u uuid|-a|-b.\n+0002fee0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 Setup acces\n+0002fef0: 7320 746f 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 s to encrypted d\n+0002ff00: 6576 6963 652e 2020 4120 7061 7373 7068 evice. A passph\n+0002ff10: 7261 7365 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6571 rase will be req\n+0002ff20: 7565 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 uested. inte\n+0002ff30: 7261 6374 6976 656c 792c 2069 6620 6e65 ractively, if ne\n+0002ff40: 6974 6865 7220 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 ither the ...-p.\n+0002ff50: 8099 206e 6f72 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 9920 .. nor ...-k... \n+0002ff60: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6769 7665 options are give\n+0002ff70: 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7074 n. The. opt\n+0002ff80: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 8099 2063 616e ion ...-p... can\n+0002ff90: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 be used to supp\n+0002ffa0: 6c79 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 ly a passphrase \n+0002ffb0: 2875 7365 6675 6c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 (useful for. \n+0002ffc0: 2073 6372 6970 7473 292e 2020 416c 7465 scripts). Alte\n+0002ffd0: 726e 6174 6976 656c 7920 7468 6520 e280 rnatively the ..\n+0002ffe0: 982d 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 .-k... option ca\n+0002fff0: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 n be used to sup\n+00030000: 706c 7920 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 6669 ply a. keyfi\n+00030010: 6c65 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 le with options \n+00030020: e280 982d 4fe2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 ...-O... and ...\n+00030030: 2d53 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 -S... optionally\n+00030040: 2073 7570 706c 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206f supplying the o\n+00030050: 6666 7365 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2073 ffset. and s\n+00030060: 697a 652c 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c ize, respectivel\n+00030070: 792c 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6461 y, of the key da\n+00030080: 7461 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 ta in the given \n+00030090: 6b65 7920 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 key file. The. \n+000300a0: 2020 2020 e280 982d 48e2 8099 206f 7074 ...-H... opt\n+000300b0: 696f 6e73 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 ions can be used\n+000300c0: 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2063 7279 7074 to supply crypt\n+000300d0: 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 7320 omount backends \n+000300e0: 7769 7468 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c74 with an. alt\n+000300f0: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2068 6561 6465 7220 ernative header \n+00030100: 6669 6c65 2028 616b 6120 6465 7461 6368 file (aka detach\n+00030110: 6564 2068 6561 6465 7229 2e20 204e 6f74 ed header). Not\n+00030120: 2061 6c6c 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 730a 2020 all backends. \n+00030130: 2020 2068 6176 6520 6865 6164 6572 7320 have headers \n+00030140: 6e6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 7465 nor support alte\n+00030150: 726e 6174 6976 6520 6865 6164 6572 2066 rnative header f\n+00030160: 696c 6573 2028 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 iles (currently \n+00030170: 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 4c55 4b53 3120 only. LUKS1 \n+00030180: 616e 6420 4c55 4b53 3220 7375 7070 6f72 and LUKS2 suppor\n+00030190: 7420 7468 656d 292e 2020 4172 6775 6d65 t them). Argume\n+000301a0: 6e74 2044 4556 4943 4520 636f 6e66 6967 nt DEVICE config\n+000301b0: 7572 6573 2073 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 ures specific. \n+000301c0: 2020 2067 7275 6220 6465 7669 6365 2028 grub device (\n+000301d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e *note Naming con\n+000301e0: 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 3b20 6f70 7469 vention::); opti\n+000301f0: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 5555 4944 on ...-u... UUID\n+00030200: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 . configures\n+00030210: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 2073 7065 device with spe\n+00030220: 6369 6669 6564 2055 5549 443b 206f 7074 cified UUID; opt\n+00030230: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2063 6f6e ion ...-a... con\n+00030240: 6669 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 figures all. \n+00030250: 2064 6574 6563 7465 6420 656e 6372 7970 detected encryp\n+00030260: 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 733b 206f 7074 ted devices; opt\n+00030270: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e ion ...-b... con\n+00030280: 6669 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c20 6765 6c69 figures all geli\n+00030290: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 . containers\n+000302a0: 2074 6861 7420 6861 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 that have boot \n+000302b0: 666c 6167 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 flag set... \n+000302c0: 4465 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 Devices are not \n+000302d0: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2062 6520 6769 allowed to be gi\n+000302e0: 7665 6e20 6173 206b 6579 2066 696c 6573 ven as key files\n+000302f0: 206e 6f72 2061 7320 6465 7461 6368 6564 nor as detached\n+00030300: 0a20 2020 2020 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c . header fil\n+00030310: 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 es. However, th\n+00030320: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e20 6361 is limitation ca\n+00030330: 6e20 6265 2077 6f72 6b65 6420 6172 6f75 n be worked arou\n+00030340: 6e64 2062 790a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 nd by. using\n+00030350: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 blocklist synta\n+00030360: 782e 2020 536f 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 x. So for insta\n+00030370: 6e63 652c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c67 7074 nce, ...(hd1,gpt\n+00030380: 3229 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 2)... can not be\n+00030390: 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 2c20 6275 7420 . used, but \n+000303a0: e280 9828 6864 312c 6770 7432 2930 2be2 ...(hd1,gpt2)0+.\n+000303b0: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6163 6869 6576 6520 .. will achieve \n+000303c0: 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 7265 7375 the desired resu\n+000303d0: 6c74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 lt... GRUB s\n+000303e0: 7570 6f72 7473 2064 6576 6963 6573 2065 uports devices e\n+000303f0: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2075 7369 6e67 204c ncrypted using L\n+00030400: 554b 532c 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2067 UKS, LUKS2 and g\n+00030410: 656c 692e 2020 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 eli. Note. \n+00030420: 7468 6174 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 206d that necessary m\n+00030430: 6f64 756c 6573 2028 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 odules (LUKS, LU\n+00030440: 4b53 3220 616e 6420 4745 4c49 2920 6861 KS2 and GELI) ha\n+00030450: 7665 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 640a ve to be loaded.\n+00030460: 2020 2020 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 manually be\n+00030470: 666f 7265 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e fore this comman\n+00030480: 6420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 642e 2020 d can be used. \n+00030490: 466f 7220 4c55 4b53 3220 6f6e 6c79 2074 For LUKS2 only t\n+000304a0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5042 4b44 4632 206b he. PBKDF2 k\n+000304b0: 6579 2064 6572 6976 6174 696f 6e20 6675 ey derivation fu\n+000304c0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 nction is suppor\n+000304d0: 7465 642c 2061 7320 4172 676f 6e32 2069 ted, as Argon2 i\n+000304e0: 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 740a 2020 2020 2073 s not yet. s\n+000304f0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 upported... \n+00030500: 5375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2064 6563 Successfully dec\n+00030510: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 rypted disks are\n+00030520: 206e 616d 6564 2061 7320 2863 7279 7074 named as (crypt\n+00030530: 6f58 2920 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 oX) and have. \n+00030540: 2020 696e 6372 6561 7369 6e67 206e 756d increasing num\n+00030550: 6572 6174 696f 6e20 7375 6666 6978 2066 eration suffix f\n+00030560: 6f72 2065 6163 6820 6e65 7720 6465 6372 or each new decr\n+00030570: 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 ypted disk. If \n+00030580: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 the. encrypt\n+00030590: 6564 2064 6973 6b20 686f 7374 7320 736f ed disk hosts so\n+000305a0: 6d65 2068 6967 6865 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 me higher level \n+000305b0: 6f66 2061 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 2028 of abstraction (\n+000305c0: 6c69 6b65 204c 564d 3220 6f72 0a20 2020 like LVM2 or. \n+000305d0: 2020 4d44 5241 4944 2920 6974 2077 696c MDRAID) it wil\n+000305e0: 6c20 6265 2063 7265 6174 6564 2075 6e64 l be created und\n+000305f0: 6572 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6465 er a separate de\n+00030600: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 7061 6365 2069 vice namespace i\n+00030610: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 n. addition \n+00030620: 746f 2074 6865 2063 7279 7074 6f64 6973 to the cryptodis\n+00030630: 6b20 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 652e 0a0a 2020 k namespace... \n+00030640: 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2070 Support for p\n+00030650: 6c61 696e 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 lain encryption \n+00030660: 6d6f 6465 2028 706c 6169 6e20 646d 2d63 mode (plain dm-c\n+00030670: 7279 7074 2920 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 rypt) is provide\n+00030680: 6420 7669 610a 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 d via. separ\n+00030690: 6174 6520 e280 982a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 ate ...*note pla\n+000306a0: 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 3ae2 8099 2063 6f6d inmount::... com\n+000306b0: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 mand.....File: g\n+000306c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000306d0: 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 cutmem, Next: \n+000306e0: 6461 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7279 date, Prev: cry\n+000306f0: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ptomount, Up: C\n+00030700: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00030710: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3920 6375 ands..17.4.19 cu\n+00030720: 746d 656d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tmem.-----------\n+00030730: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00030740: 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2066 726f 6d5b 4b7c : cutmem from[K|\n+00030750: 4d7c 475d 2074 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 0a20 M|G] to[K|M|G]. \n+00030760: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 6e79 206d Remove any m\n+00030770: 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 696e emory regions in\n+00030780: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 616e 6765 specified range\n+00030790: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n+000307a0: 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 mand notifies th\n+000307b0: 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 e memory manager\n+000307c0: 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 that specified \n+000307d0: 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 regions of. \n+000307e0: 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 RAM ought to be \n+000307f0: 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2e20 2054 filtered out. T\n+00030800: 6869 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 his remains in e\n+00030810: 6666 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 610a 2020 ffect after a. \n+00030820: 2020 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 payload kerne\n+00030830: 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 l has been loade\n+00030840: 6420 6279 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f d by GRUB, as lo\n+00030850: 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 ng as the loaded\n+00030860: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 . kernel obt\n+00030870: 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 ains its memory \n+00030880: 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 204b map from GRUB. K\n+00030890: 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 ernels that supp\n+000308a0: 6f72 7420 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 696e ort this. in\n+000308b0: 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 clude Linux, GNU\n+000308c0: 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 Mach, the kerne\n+000308d0: 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 l of FreeBSD and\n+000308e0: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 Multiboot. \n+000308f0: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 656e 6572 kernels in gener\n+00030900: 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f al... The co\n+00030910: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 mmand is similar\n+00030920: 2074 6f20 e280 9862 6164 7261 6de2 8099 to ...badram...\n+00030930: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 command... \n+00030940: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e Note: The comman\n+00030950: 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 d is not allowed\n+00030960: 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 when lockdown i\n+00030970: 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 s enforced (*not\n+00030980: 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a e. Lockdown:\n+00030990: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e :). This preven\n+000309a0: 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 ts removing EFI \n+000309b0: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 memory regions t\n+000309c0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c o. potential\n+000309d0: 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 ly subvert the s\n+000309e0: 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 ecurity mechanis\n+000309f0: 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 ms provided by t\n+00030a00: 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 he UEFI. sec\n+00030a10: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ure boot.....Fil\n+00030a20: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00030a30: 6f64 653a 2064 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: date, Next\n+00030a40: 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2050 : devicetree, P\n+00030a50: 7265 763a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5570 rev: cutmem, Up\n+00030a60: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00030a70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3230 ommands..17.4.20\n+00030a80: 2064 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d date.----------\n+00030a90: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00030aa0: 2064 6174 6520 5b5b 7965 6172 2d5d 6d6f date [[year-]mo\n+00030ab0: 6e74 682d 6461 795d 205b 686f 7572 3a6d nth-day] [hour:m\n+00030ac0: 696e 7574 655b 3a73 6563 6f6e 645d 5d0a inute[:second]].\n+00030ad0: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 With no arg\n+00030ae0: 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 uments, print th\n+00030af0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 e current date a\n+00030b00: 6e64 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f nd time... O\n+00030b10: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7461 6b65 2074 therwise, take t\n+00030b20: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 he current date \n+00030b30: 616e 6420 7469 6d65 2c20 6368 616e 6765 and time, change\n+00030b40: 2061 6e79 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 any elements. \n+00030b50: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 specified as \n+00030b60: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2073 arguments, and s\n+00030b70: 6574 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 et the result as\n+00030b80: 2074 6865 206e 6577 2064 6174 6520 616e the new date an\n+00030b90: 640a 2020 2020 2074 696d 652e 2020 466f d. time. Fo\n+00030ba0: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2027 6461 7465 r example, 'date\n+00030bb0: 2030 312d 3031 2720 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 01-01' will set\n+00030bc0: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206d 6f6e the current mon\n+00030bd0: 7468 2061 6e64 2064 6179 0a20 2020 2020 th and day. \n+00030be0: 746f 204a 616e 7561 7279 2031 2c20 6275 to January 1, bu\n+00030bf0: 7420 6c65 6176 6520 7468 6520 7965 6172 t leave the year\n+00030c00: 2c20 686f 7572 2c20 6d69 6e75 7465 2c20 , hour, minute, \n+00030c10: 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 and second. \n+00030c20: 756e 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 unchanged.....Fi\n+00030c30: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00030c40: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 Node: devicetree\n+00030c50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6973 7472 7573 , Next: distrus\n+00030c60: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 t, Prev: date, \n+00030c70: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00030c80: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00030c90: 2e32 3120 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 0a2d .21 devicetree.-\n+00030ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00030cb0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00030cc0: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2066 696c 650a devicetree file.\n+00030cd0: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 Load a devi\n+00030ce0: 6365 2074 7265 6520 626c 6f62 2028 2e64 ce tree blob (.d\n+00030cf0: 7462 2920 6672 6f6d 2061 2066 696c 6573 tb) from a files\n+00030d00: 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206c 6174 6572 ystem, for later\n+00030d10: 2075 7365 2062 790a 2020 2020 2061 204c use by. a L\n+00030d20: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 446f inux kernel. Do\n+00030d30: 6573 206e 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d 206d es not perform m\n+00030d40: 6572 6769 6e67 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 erging with any \n+00030d50: 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 650a 2020 2020 device tree. \n+00030d60: 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 6279 2066 6972 supplied by fir\n+00030d70: 6d77 6172 652c 2062 7574 2072 6174 6865 mware, but rathe\n+00030d80: 7220 7265 706c 6163 6573 2069 7420 636f r replaces it co\n+00030d90: 6d70 6c65 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 mpletely... \n+00030da0: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e Note: The comman\n+00030db0: 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 d is not allowed\n+00030dc0: 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 when lockdown i\n+00030dd0: 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 s enforced (*not\n+00030de0: 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a e. Lockdown:\n+00030df0: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e :). This is don\n+00030e00: 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 e to prevent sub\n+00030e10: 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 verting various \n+00030e20: 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 security. me\n+00030e30: 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c chanisms.....Fil\n+00030e40: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00030e50: 6f64 653a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 ode: distrust, \n+00030e60: 4e65 7874 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 Next: drivemap, \n+00030e70: 2050 7265 763a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 Prev: devicetre\n+00030e80: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n+00030e90: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00030ea0: 372e 342e 3232 2064 6973 7472 7573 740a 7.4.22 distrust.\n+00030eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00030ec0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 .. -- Command: d\n+00030ed0: 6973 7472 7573 7420 7075 626b 6579 5f69 istrust pubkey_i\n+00030ee0: 640a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 7075 d. Remove pu\n+00030ef0: 626c 6963 206b 6579 2050 5542 4b45 595f blic key PUBKEY_\n+00030f00: 4944 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2773 206b ID from GRUB's k\n+00030f10: 6579 7269 6e67 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 eyring of truste\n+00030f20: 6420 6b65 7973 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 5542 d keys.. PUB\n+00030f30: 4b45 595f 4944 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c61 KEY_ID is the la\n+00030f40: 7374 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 2865 st four bytes (e\n+00030f50: 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c ight hexadecimal\n+00030f60: 2064 6967 6974 7329 206f 6620 7468 650a digits) of the.\n+00030f70: 2020 2020 2047 5047 2076 3420 6b65 7920 GPG v4 key \n+00030f80: 6964 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2061 6c73 id, which is als\n+00030f90: 6f20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 o the output of \n+00030fa0: e280 986c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 64e2 ...list_trusted.\n+00030fb0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206c .. (*note. l\n+00030fc0: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a29 2e20 ist_trusted::). \n+00030fd0: 204f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 4752 5542 Outside of GRUB\n+00030fe0: 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6964 2063 616e , the key id can\n+00030ff0: 2062 6520 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2075 7369 be obtained usi\n+00031000: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 7067 202d ng. ...gpg -\n+00031010: 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 e280 9929 -fingerprint...)\n+00031020: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 . These keys ar\n+00031030: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 e used to valida\n+00031040: 7465 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2020 te signatures. \n+00031050: 2020 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d when environm\n+00031060: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n+00031070: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+00031080: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ... is set to ..\n+00031090: 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 .enforce.... \n+000310a0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 (*note check_si\n+000310b0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 gnatures::), and\n+000310c0: 2062 7920 736f 6d65 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 by some invocat\n+000310d0: 696f 6e73 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ions of. ...\n+000310e0: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 64e2 verify_detached.\n+000310f0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 .. (*note verify\n+00031100: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 202a _detached::). *\n+00031110: 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 Note Using digit\n+00031120: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 al. signatur\n+00031130: 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 es::, for more i\n+00031140: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n+00031150: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00031160: 204e 6f64 653a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c Node: drivemap,\n+00031170: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2050 Next: echo, P\n+00031180: 7265 763a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 rev: distrust, \n+00031190: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+000311a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+000311b0: 3233 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2d2d 2d2d 23 drivemap.----\n+000311c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+000311d0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 7269 7665 - Command: drive\n+000311e0: 6d61 7020 2d6c 7c2d 727c 5b2d 735d 2066 map -l|-r|[-s] f\n+000311f0: 726f 6d5f 6472 6976 6520 746f 5f64 7269 rom_drive to_dri\n+00031200: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 ve. Without \n+00031210: 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 206d 6170 2074 6865 options, map the\n+00031220: 2064 7269 7665 2046 524f 4d5f 4452 4956 drive FROM_DRIV\n+00031230: 4520 746f 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2054 E to the drive T\n+00031240: 4f5f 4452 4956 452e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 O_DRIVE.. Th\n+00031250: 6973 2069 7320 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 is is necessary \n+00031260: 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2063 6861 696e 2d6c when you chain-l\n+00031270: 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 oad some operati\n+00031280: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7375 6368 ng systems, such\n+00031290: 0a20 2020 2020 6173 2044 4f53 2c20 6966 . as DOS, if\n+000312a0: 2073 7563 6820 616e 204f 5320 7265 7369 such an OS resi\n+000312b0: 6465 7320 6174 2061 206e 6f6e 2d66 6972 des at a non-fir\n+000312c0: 7374 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 st drive. For. \n+000312d0: 2020 2020 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c convenience,\n+000312e0: 2061 6e79 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 any partition s\n+000312f0: 7566 6669 7820 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 uffix on the dri\n+00031300: 7665 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 642c 2073 ve is ignored, s\n+00031310: 6f20 796f 750a 2020 2020 2063 616e 2073 o you. can s\n+00031320: 6166 656c 7920 7573 6520 247b 726f 6f74 afely use ${root\n+00031330: 7d20 6173 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 } as a drive spe\n+00031340: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 cification... \n+00031350: 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d73 With the ...-s\n+00031360: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7065 7266 ... option, perf\n+00031370: 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7265 7665 7273 6520 orm the reverse \n+00031380: 6d61 7070 696e 6720 6173 2077 656c 6c2c mapping as well,\n+00031390: 2073 7761 7070 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 swapping. t\n+000313a0: 6865 2074 776f 2064 7269 7665 732e 0a0a he two drives...\n+000313b0: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 With the ..\n+000313c0: 982d 6ce2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206c .-l... option, l\n+000313d0: 6973 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 ist the current \n+000313e0: 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 mappings... \n+000313f0: 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d72 e280 With the ...-r..\n+00031400: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7365 7420 . option, reset \n+00031410: 616c 6c20 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2074 6f20 all mappings to \n+00031420: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 the default valu\n+00031430: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 es... For ex\n+00031440: 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ample:.. \n+00031450: 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 drivemap -s (h\n+00031460: 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 d0) (hd1).. \n+00031470: 4e4f 5445 3a20 4f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c NOTE: Only avail\n+00031480: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 6933 3836 2d70 632e able on i386-pc.\n+00031490: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000314a0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f nfo, Node: echo\n+000314b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 6669 7465 7874 , Next: efitext\n+000314c0: 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 7269 mode, Prev: dri\n+000314d0: 7665 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d vemap, Up: Comm\n+000314e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+000314f0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3234 2065 6368 6f0a s..17.4.24 echo.\n+00031500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00031510: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 6368 6f20 - Command: echo \n+00031520: 5b2d 6e5d 205b 2d65 5d20 7374 7269 6e67 [-n] [-e] string\n+00031530: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 .... Displa\n+00031540: 7920 7468 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 y the requested \n+00031550: 7465 7874 2061 6e64 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 text and, unless\n+00031560: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 9920 6f70 the ...-n... op\n+00031570: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 610a tion is used, a.\n+00031580: 2020 2020 2074 7261 696c 696e 6720 6e65 trailing ne\n+00031590: 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 w line. If ther\n+000315a0: 6520 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f e is more than o\n+000315b0: 6e65 2073 7472 696e 672c 2074 6865 7920 ne string, they \n+000315c0: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 are. separat\n+000315d0: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 2069 6e20 ed by spaces in \n+000315e0: 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2041 7320 the output. As \n+000315f0: 7573 7561 6c20 696e 2047 5255 4220 636f usual in GRUB co\n+00031600: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 mmands,. var\n+00031610: 6961 626c 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 7375 iables may be su\n+00031620: 6273 7469 7475 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 bstituted using \n+00031630: e280 9824 7b76 6172 7de2 8099 2e0a 0a20 ...${var}...... \n+00031640: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 65e2 8099 The ...-e...\n+00031650: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 7320 option enables \n+00031660: 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 206f interpretation o\n+00031670: 6620 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 f backslash esca\n+00031680: 7065 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 pes. The. f\n+00031690: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6571 7565 6e63 ollowing sequenc\n+000316a0: 6573 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 es are recognise\n+000316b0: 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c5c e280 d:.. ...\\\\..\n+000316c0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 636b .. back\n+000316d0: 736c 6173 680a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c slash.. ...\\\n+000316e0: 61e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 a.... a\n+000316f0: 6c65 7274 2028 4245 4c29 0a0a 2020 2020 lert (BEL).. \n+00031700: 20e2 8098 5c63 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ...\\c.... \n+00031710: 2020 2020 7375 7070 7265 7373 2074 7261 suppress tra\n+00031720: 696c 696e 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a iling new line..\n+00031730: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c66 e280 990a 2020 ...\\f.... \n+00031740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d 2066 6565 form fee\n+00031750: 640a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 6ee2 8099 d.. ...\\n...\n+00031760: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 206c . new l\n+00031770: 696e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 72e2 ine.. ...\\r.\n+00031780: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6172 ... car\n+00031790: 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e 0a0a 2020 riage return.. \n+000317a0: 2020 20e2 8098 5c74 e280 990a 2020 2020 ...\\t.... \n+000317b0: 2020 2020 2020 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c horizontal\n+000317c0: 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c76 tab.. ...\\v\n+000317d0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 .... ve\n+000317e0: 7274 6963 616c 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 rtical tab.. \n+000317f0: 2057 6865 6e20 696e 7465 7270 7265 7469 When interpreti\n+00031800: 6e67 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 7363 ng backslash esc\n+00031810: 6170 6573 2c20 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 apes, backslash \n+00031820: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 616e 790a followed by any.\n+00031830: 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 2063 6861 7261 other chara\n+00031840: 6374 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7072 696e 7420 cter will print \n+00031850: 7468 6174 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a that character..\n+00031860: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00031870: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 7465 fo, Node: efite\n+00031880: 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 xtmode, Next: e\n+00031890: 7661 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6563 686f val, Prev: echo\n+000318a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+000318b0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+000318c0: 2e34 2e32 3520 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 .4.25 efitextmod\n+000318d0: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n+000318e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+000318f0: 6e64 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 6520 nd: efitextmode \n+00031900: 5b6d 696e 207c 206d 6178 207c 203c 6d6f [min | max | | \n+00031920: 203c 726f 7773 3e5d 0a20 2020 2020 5768 ]. Wh\n+00031930: 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f20 en used with no \n+00031940: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6469 7370 6c61 arguments displa\n+00031950: 7973 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ys all available\n+00031960: 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 text output. \n+00031970: 2020 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 modes. The se\n+00031980: 7420 6d6f 6465 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 t mode determine\n+00031990: 7320 7468 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e s the columns an\n+000319a0: 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 d rows of the te\n+000319b0: 7874 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7920 xt. display \n+000319c0: 7768 656e 2069 6e20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 when in text mod\n+000319d0: 652e 2020 416e 2061 7374 6572 6973 6b2c e. An asterisk,\n+000319e0: 20e2 8098 2ae2 8099 2c20 7769 6c6c 2062 ...*..., will b\n+000319f0: 6520 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a e at the end of.\n+00031a00: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 the line of\n+00031a10: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2073 the currently s\n+00031a20: 6574 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 et mode... I\n+00031a30: 6620 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 f given a single\n+00031a40: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 6974 206d parameter, it m\n+00031a50: 7573 7420 6265 20e2 8098 6d69 6ee2 8099 ust be ...min...\n+00031a60: 2c20 e280 986d 6178 e280 992c 206f 7220 , ...max..., or \n+00031a70: 6120 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 a mode. numb\n+00031a80: 6572 2067 6976 656e 2062 7920 7468 6520 er given by the \n+00031a90: 6c69 7374 696e 6720 7768 656e 2072 756e listing when run\n+00031aa0: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e with no argumen\n+00031ab0: 7473 2e20 2054 6865 7365 0a20 2020 2020 ts. These. \n+00031ac0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7365 7420 7468 arguments set th\n+00031ad0: 6520 6d6f 6465 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d69 e mode to the mi\n+00031ae0: 6e69 6d75 6d2c 206d 6178 696d 756d 2c20 nimum, maximum, \n+00031af0: 616e 6420 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 206d and particular m\n+00031b00: 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 7065 6374 ode. respect\n+00031b10: 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 ively... Oth\n+00031b20: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d erwise, the comm\n+00031b30: 616e 6420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 and must be give\n+00031b40: 6e20 7477 6f20 6e75 6d65 7269 6361 6c20 n two numerical \n+00031b50: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 arguments. s\n+00031b60: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f pecifying the co\n+00031b70: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f lumns and rows o\n+00031b80: 6620 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 6d6f f the desired mo\n+00031b90: 6465 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 de. Specifying \n+00031ba0: 610a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 a. columns a\n+00031bb0: 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 636f 6d62 696e 6174 nd rows combinat\n+00031bc0: 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2063 6f72 7265 7370 ion that corresp\n+00031bd0: 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 6e6f 2073 7570 706f onds to no suppo\n+00031be0: 7274 6564 206d 6f64 652c 0a20 2020 2020 rted mode,. \n+00031bf0: 7769 6c6c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6572 726f will return erro\n+00031c00: 722c 2062 7574 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 r, but otherwise\n+00031c10: 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e have no effect.\n+00031c20: 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c .. By defaul\n+00031c30: 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7374 6172 t GRUB will star\n+00031c40: 7420 696e 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 6d6f t in whatever mo\n+00031c50: 6465 2074 6865 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 de the EFI firmw\n+00031c60: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 are. default\n+00031c70: 7320 746f 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 s to. There are\n+00031c80: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6573 206b 6e6f 776e firmwares known\n+00031c90: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7570 2074 6865 2064 to set up the d\n+00031ca0: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 efault mode. \n+00031cb0: 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 206f 7574 7075 such that outpu\n+00031cc0: 7420 6265 6861 7665 7320 7374 7261 6e67 t behaves strang\n+00031cd0: 656c 792c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ely, for example\n+00031ce0: 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 696e 2074 the cursor in t\n+00031cf0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 6865 he. GRUB she\n+00031d00: 6c6c 206e 6576 6572 2072 6561 6368 6573 ll never reaches\n+00031d10: 2074 6865 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 6f66 2074 the bottom of t\n+00031d20: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6f72 2c20 7768 he screen or, wh\n+00031d30: 656e 2074 7970 696e 670a 2020 2020 2063 en typing. c\n+00031d40: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6174 2074 6865 haracters at the\n+00031d50: 2070 726f 6d70 742c 2063 6861 7261 6374 prompt, charact\n+00031d60: 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 ers from previou\n+00031d70: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6f75 7470 7574 s command output\n+00031d80: 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 6f76 6572 7772 . are overwr\n+00031d90: 6974 7465 6e2e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 itten. Setting \n+00031da0: 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 206d 6179 2066 6978 the mode may fix\n+00031db0: 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 this... The\n+00031dc0: 2045 4649 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 EFI specificati\n+00031dd0: 6f6e 2073 6179 7320 7468 6174 206d 6f64 on says that mod\n+00031de0: 6520 3020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6176 6169 e 0 must be avai\n+00031df0: 6c61 626c 6520 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 lable and have. \n+00031e00: 2020 2020 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 columns and \n+00031e10: 726f 7773 206f 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2032 rows of 80 and 2\n+00031e20: 3520 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e20 5 respectively. \n+00031e30: 204d 6f64 6520 3120 6d61 7920 6265 2064 Mode 1 may be d\n+00031e40: 6566 696e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 efined. and \n+00031e50: 6966 2073 6f20 6d75 7374 2068 6176 6520 if so must have \n+00031e60: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n+00031e70: 206f 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2035 3020 7265 of 80 and 50 re\n+00031e80: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 spectively.. \n+00031e90: 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 6573 Any other modes\n+00031ea0: 206d 6179 2068 6176 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e may have column\n+00031eb0: 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 2061 7262 6974 s and rows arbit\n+00031ec0: 7261 7269 6c79 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 rarily defined b\n+00031ed0: 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 y. the firmw\n+00031ee0: 6172 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 are. This means\n+00031ef0: 2074 6861 7420 6120 6d6f 6465 2077 6974 that a mode wit\n+00031f00: 6820 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f h columns and ro\n+00031f10: 7773 206f 6620 3130 300a 2020 2020 2061 ws of 100. a\n+00031f20: 6e64 2033 3120 6f6e 206f 6e65 2066 6972 nd 31 on one fir\n+00031f30: 6d77 6172 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2064 mware may be a d\n+00031f40: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 ifferent mode nu\n+00031f50: 6d62 6572 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2064 mber on a. d\n+00031f60: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 ifferent firmwar\n+00031f70: 6520 6f72 206e 6f74 2065 7869 7374 2061 e or not exist a\n+00031f80: 7420 616c 6c2e 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 t all. Likewise\n+00031f90: 2c20 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 3220 , mode number 2 \n+00031fa0: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6520 6669 726d on. one firm\n+00031fb0: 7761 7265 206d 6179 2068 6176 6520 6120 ware may have a \n+00031fc0: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 different number\n+00031fd0: 206f 6620 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 of columns and \n+00031fe0: 726f 7773 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 206d rows than. m\n+00031ff0: 6f64 6520 3220 6f6e 2061 2064 6966 6665 ode 2 on a diffe\n+00032000: 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 rent firmware. \n+00032010: 536f 206f 6e65 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f So one should no\n+00032020: 7420 7265 6c79 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 t rely on a. \n+00032030: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 particular mode\n+00032040: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 number or a mod\n+00032050: 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6572 7461 696e 206e e of a certain n\n+00032060: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 umber of columns\n+00032070: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 726f 7773 2065 and. rows e\n+00032080: 7869 7374 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 6c6c 2066 xisting on all f\n+00032090: 6972 6d77 6172 6573 2c20 6578 6365 7074 irmwares, except\n+000320a0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f64 6520 302e 0a0a 2020 for mode 0... \n+000320b0: 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6869 7320 636f Note: This co\n+000320c0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 mmand is only av\n+000320d0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2045 4649 2070 ailable on EFI p\n+000320e0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 6e64 2069 730a latforms and is.\n+000320f0: 2020 2020 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 similar to \n+00032100: 4546 4920 7368 656c 6c20 226d 6f64 6522 EFI shell \"mode\"\n+00032110: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c command.....Fil\n+00032120: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00032130: 6f64 653a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: eval, Next\n+00032140: 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2050 7265 763a : export, Prev:\n+00032150: 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 efitextmode, U\n+00032160: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00032170: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n+00032180: 3620 6576 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6 eval.---------\n+00032190: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+000321a0: 3a20 6576 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e : eval string ..\n+000321b0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 .. Concatena\n+000321c0: 7465 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f67 te arguments tog\n+000321d0: 6574 6865 7220 7573 696e 6720 7369 6e67 ether using sing\n+000321e0: 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2061 7320 7365 7061 le space as sepa\n+000321f0: 7261 746f 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 rator and. e\n+00032200: 7661 6c75 6174 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2061 valuate result a\n+00032210: 7320 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 4752 s sequence of GR\n+00032220: 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a UB commands.....\n+00032230: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00032240: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 Node: export, \n+00032250: 204e 6578 743a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2050 Next: false, P\n+00032260: 7265 763a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: eval, Up: \n+00032270: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00032280: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3237 2065 mands..17.4.27 e\n+00032290: 7870 6f72 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d xport.----------\n+000322a0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+000322b0: 643a 2065 7870 6f72 7420 656e 7676 6172 d: export envvar\n+000322c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4578 706f 7274 2074 6865 . Export the\n+000322d0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000322e0: 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e20 2045 iable ENVVAR. E\n+000322f0: 7870 6f72 7465 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 xported variable\n+00032300: 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2076 6973 6962 s are. visib\n+00032310: 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 6273 6964 6961 7279 le to subsidiary\n+00032320: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00032330: 696c 6573 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e iles loaded usin\n+00032340: 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 g. ...config\n+00032350: 6669 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 file........File\n+00032360: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00032370: 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 4e65 7874 de: false, Next\n+00032380: 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 5072 6576 : fwsetup, Prev\n+00032390: 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : export, Up: C\n+000323a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+000323b0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3820 6661 ands..17.4.28 fa\n+000323c0: 6c73 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lse.------------\n+000323d0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+000323e0: 6661 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f false. Do no\n+000323f0: 7468 696e 672c 2075 6e73 7563 6365 7373 thing, unsuccess\n+00032400: 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 fully. This is \n+00032410: 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e mainly useful in\n+00032420: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f control. co\n+00032430: 6e73 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 nstructs such as\n+00032440: 20e2 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 ...if... and ..\n+00032450: 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 .while... (*note\n+00032460: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 Shell-like scri\n+00032470: 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c pting::).....Fil\n+00032480: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00032490: 6f64 653a 2066 7773 6574 7570 2c20 204e ode: fwsetup, N\n+000324a0: 6578 743a 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 2050 ext: gdbinfo, P\n+000324b0: 7265 763a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2055 703a rev: false, Up:\n+000324c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+000324d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3920 mmands..17.4.29 \n+000324e0: 6677 7365 7475 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fwsetup.--------\n+000324f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00032500: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6677 7365 7475 7020 5b2d mand: fwsetup [-\n+00032510: 2d69 732d 7375 7070 6f72 7465 645d 0a20 -is-supported]. \n+00032520: 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2069 6e74 6f20 Reboot into \n+00032530: 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 6574 the firmware set\n+00032540: 7570 206d 656e 752e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 up menu. If ...\n+00032550: 2d2d 6973 2d73 7570 706f 7274 6564 e280 --is-supported..\n+00032560: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 . option is. \n+00032570: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 696e 7374 specified, inst\n+00032580: 6561 6420 6368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 ead check whethe\n+00032590: 7220 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 r the firmware s\n+000325a0: 7570 706f 7274 7320 6120 7365 7475 7020 upports a setup \n+000325b0: 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 menu. and ex\n+000325c0: 6974 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 it successfully \n+000325d0: 6966 2073 6f2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 if so.....File: \n+000325e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000325f0: 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 : gdbinfo, Next\n+00032600: 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 5072 6576 : gettext, Prev\n+00032610: 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 5570 3a20 : fwsetup, Up: \n+00032620: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00032630: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3330 2067 mands..17.4.30 g\n+00032640: 6462 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dbinfo.---------\n+00032650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00032660: 616e 643a 2067 6462 696e 666f 0a20 2020 and: gdbinfo. \n+00032670: 2020 4f75 7470 7574 2074 6578 7420 746f Output text to\n+00032680: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 6120 4744 be used as a GD\n+00032690: 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 666f 7220 6120 B command for a \n+000326a0: 4744 4220 7365 7373 696f 6e20 7573 696e GDB session usin\n+000326b0: 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2067 6462 5f67 g the. gdb_g\n+000326c0: 7275 6220 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2061 rub script and a\n+000326d0: 7474 6163 6865 6420 746f 2061 2072 756e ttached to a run\n+000326e0: 6e69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 616e ning GRUB instan\n+000326f0: 6365 2e20 2054 6865 2047 4442 0a20 2020 ce. The GDB. \n+00032700: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7468 6174 2069 command that i\n+00032710: 7320 6f75 7470 7574 2077 696c 6c20 7465 s output will te\n+00032720: 6c6c 2047 4442 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6c6f ll GDB how to lo\n+00032730: 6164 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2073 796d ad debugging sym\n+00032740: 626f 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 bols. to the\n+00032750: 6972 2070 726f 7065 7220 7275 6e74 696d ir proper runtim\n+00032760: 6520 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 4375 7272 e address. Curr\n+00032770: 656e 746c 7920 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e ently this is on\n+00032780: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 ly available. \n+00032790: 2020 666f 7220 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f for EFI platfo\n+000327a0: 726d 732e 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 4465 rms. See the De\n+000327b0: 6275 6767 696e 6720 696e 2074 6865 2064 bugging in the d\n+000327c0: 6576 656c 6f70 6572 0a20 2020 2020 646f eveloper. do\n+000327d0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 cumentation for \n+000327e0: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n+000327f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00032800: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6574 info, Node: get\n+00032810: 7465 7874 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7074 text, Next: gpt\n+00032820: 7379 6e63 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6462 sync, Prev: gdb\n+00032830: 696e 666f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 info, Up: Comma\n+00032840: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00032850: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3120 6765 7474 6578 ..17.4.31 gettex\n+00032860: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+00032870: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00032880: 6765 7474 6578 7420 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 gettext string. \n+00032890: 2020 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 5354 Translate ST\n+000328a0: 5249 4e47 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6375 RING into the cu\n+000328b0: 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a rrent language..\n+000328c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e . The curren\n+000328d0: 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6f64 6520 t language code \n+000328e0: 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 is stored in the\n+000328f0: 20e2 8098 6c61 6e67 e280 9920 7661 7269 ...lang... vari\n+00032900: 6162 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 able in. GRU\n+00032910: 4227 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 B's environment \n+00032920: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 616e 673a 3a29 2e20 (*note lang::). \n+00032930: 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c Translation fil\n+00032940: 6573 2069 6e20 4d4f 2066 6f72 6d61 740a es in MO format.\n+00032950: 2020 2020 2061 7265 2072 6561 6420 6672 are read fr\n+00032960: 6f6d 20e2 8098 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 om ...locale_dir\n+00032970: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f63 616c ... (*note local\n+00032980: 655f 6469 723a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c e_dir::), usuall\n+00032990: 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f y. .../boot/\n+000329a0: 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e0a grub/locale.....\n+000329b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000329c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7074 7379 fo, Node: gptsy\n+000329d0: 6e63 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 616c 742c nc, Next: halt,\n+000329e0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c Prev: gettext,\n+000329f0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00032a00: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00032a10: 342e 3332 2067 7074 7379 6e63 0a2d 2d2d 4.32 gptsync.---\n+00032a20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00032a30: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 7074 7379 - Command: gptsy\n+00032a40: 6e63 2064 6576 6963 6520 5b70 6172 7469 nc device [parti\n+00032a50: 7469 6f6e 5b2b 2f2d 5b74 7970 655d 5d5d tion[+/-[type]]]\n+00032a60: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 736b 7320 .... Disks \n+00032a70: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 using the GUID P\n+00032a80: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 artition Table (\n+00032a90: 4750 5429 2061 6c73 6f20 6861 7665 2061 GPT) also have a\n+00032aa0: 206c 6567 6163 790a 2020 2020 204d 6173 legacy. Mas\n+00032ab0: 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 ter Boot Record \n+00032ac0: 284d 4252 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 (MBR) partition \n+00032ad0: 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 table for compat\n+00032ae0: 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 ibility with the\n+00032af0: 0a20 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2077 . BIOS and w\n+00032b00: 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 6f70 6572 6174 ith older operat\n+00032b10: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 5468 ing systems. Th\n+00032b20: 6520 6c65 6761 6379 204d 4252 2063 616e e legacy MBR can\n+00032b30: 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2072 6570 7265 only. repre\n+00032b40: 7365 6e74 2061 206c 696d 6974 6564 2073 sent a limited s\n+00032b50: 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2047 5054 2070 6172 ubset of GPT par\n+00032b60: 7469 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a tition entries..\n+00032b70: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n+00032b80: 6e64 2070 6f70 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 nd populates the\n+00032b90: 206c 6567 6163 7920 4d42 5220 7769 7468 legacy MBR with\n+00032ba0: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2050 the specified P\n+00032bb0: 4152 5449 5449 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 656e ARTITION. en\n+00032bc0: 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2044 4556 4943 452e tries on DEVICE.\n+00032bd0: 2020 5570 2074 6f20 7468 7265 6520 7061 Up to three pa\n+00032be0: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 rtitions may be \n+00032bf0: 7573 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 used... TYPE\n+00032c00: 2069 7320 616e 204d 4252 2070 6172 7469 is an MBR parti\n+00032c10: 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 tion type code; \n+00032c20: 7072 6566 6978 2077 6974 6820 e280 9830 prefix with ...0\n+00032c30: 78e2 8099 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 x... if you want\n+00032c40: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6572 2074 to. enter t\n+00032c50: 6869 7320 696e 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d his in hexadecim\n+00032c60: 616c 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6570 6172 6174 al. The separat\n+00032c70: 6f72 2062 6574 7765 656e 2050 4152 5449 or between PARTI\n+00032c80: 5449 4f4e 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5459 TION and. TY\n+00032c90: 5045 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 982b e280 PE may be ...+..\n+00032ca0: 9920 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 . to make the pa\n+00032cb0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6163 7469 7665 2c20 rtition active, \n+00032cc0: 6f72 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 or ...-... to ma\n+00032cd0: 6b65 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e61 6374 ke it. inact\n+00032ce0: 6976 653b 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 7061 ive; only one pa\n+00032cf0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2061 rtition may be a\n+00032d00: 6374 6976 652e 2020 4966 2062 6f74 6820 ctive. If both \n+00032d10: 7468 6520 7365 7061 7261 746f 720a 2020 the separator. \n+00032d20: 2020 2061 6e64 2074 7970 6520 6172 6520 and type are \n+00032d30: 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 omitted, then th\n+00032d40: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c e partition will\n+00032d50: 2062 6520 696e 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f be inactive....\n+00032d60: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00032d70: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 616c 742c 2020 , Node: halt, \n+00032d80: 4e65 7874 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 Next: hashsum, \n+00032d90: 5072 6576 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 Prev: gptsync, \n+00032da0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00032db0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00032dc0: 3333 2068 616c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 33 halt.--------\n+00032dd0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00032de0: 643a 2068 616c 7420 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 d: halt [--no-ap\n+00032df0: 6d5d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d m]. The comm\n+00032e00: 616e 6420 6861 6c74 7320 7468 6520 636f and halts the co\n+00032e10: 6d70 7574 6572 2e20 204f 6e20 7468 6520 mputer. On the \n+00032e20: 6933 3836 2d70 6320 7461 7267 6574 2c20 i386-pc target, \n+00032e30: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f the. ...--no\n+00032e40: 2d61 706d e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 -apm... option, \n+00032e50: 6f72 2073 686f 7274 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 or short ...-n..\n+00032e60: 992c 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c ., is specified,\n+00032e70: 206e 6f20 4150 4d20 4249 4f53 2063 616c no APM BIOS cal\n+00032e80: 6c20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7266 6f72 l is. perfor\n+00032e90: 6d65 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c med. Otherwise,\n+00032ea0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6973 the computer is\n+00032eb0: 2073 6875 7420 646f 776e 2075 7369 6e67 shut down using\n+00032ec0: 2041 504d 206f 6e20 7468 6174 0a20 2020 APM on that. \n+00032ed0: 2020 7461 7267 6574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c target.....Fil\n+00032ee0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00032ef0: 6f64 653a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 204e ode: hashsum, N\n+00032f00: 6578 743a 2068 656c 702c 2020 5072 6576 ext: help, Prev\n+00032f10: 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : halt, Up: Com\n+00032f20: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00032f30: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3420 6861 7368 ds..17.4.34 hash\n+00032f40: 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sum.------------\n+00032f50: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00032f60: 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 : hashsum --hash\n+00032f70: 2068 6173 6820 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 hash --keep-goi\n+00032f80: 6e67 202d 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 ng --uncompress \n+00032f90: 2d2d 6368 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 --check file. \n+00032fa0: 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 [--prefix\n+00032fb0: 2064 6972 5d7c 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 dir]|file .... \n+00032fc0: 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2076 Compute or v\n+00032fd0: 6572 6966 7920 6669 6c65 2068 6173 6865 erify file hashe\n+00032fe0: 732e 2020 4861 7368 2074 7970 6520 6973 s. Hash type is\n+00032ff0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7769 7468 206f selected with o\n+00033000: 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d ption. ...--\n+00033010: 6861 7368 e280 992e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 hash.... Suppor\n+00033020: 7465 6420 6861 7368 6573 2061 7265 3a20 ted hashes are: \n+00033030: e280 9861 646c 6572 3332 e280 992c 20e2 ...adler32..., .\n+00033040: 8098 6372 6336 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 ..crc64..., ...c\n+00033050: 7263 3332 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 rc32...,. ..\n+00033060: 9863 7263 3332 7266 6331 3531 30e2 8099 .crc32rfc1510...\n+00033070: 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3234 7266 6332 3434 , ...crc24rfc244\n+00033080: 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6434 e280 992c 0..., ...md4...,\n+00033090: 20e2 8098 6d64 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 9872 ...md5..., ...r\n+000330a0: 6970 656d 6431 3630 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ipemd160..., ...\n+000330b0: 7368 6131 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 sha1...,. ..\n+000330c0: 9873 6861 3232 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 .sha224..., ...s\n+000330d0: 6861 3235 36e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 ha256..., ...sha\n+000330e0: 3531 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3338 512..., ...sha38\n+000330f0: 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 3139 4..., ...tiger19\n+00033100: 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 e280 2..., ...tiger..\n+00033110: 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 6967 6572 .,. ...tiger\n+00033120: 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9877 6869 726c 706f 2..., ...whirlpo\n+00033130: 6f6c e280 992e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 ol.... Option .\n+00033140: 8098 2d2d 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 e280 ..--uncompress..\n+00033150: 9920 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6573 2066 . uncompresses f\n+00033160: 696c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6265 666f 7265 iles. before\n+00033170: 2063 6f6d 7075 7469 6e67 2068 6173 682e computing hash.\n+00033180: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 .. When list\n+00033190: 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7320 6973 2067 6976 of files is giv\n+000331a0: 656e 2c20 6861 7368 206f 6620 6561 6368 en, hash of each\n+000331b0: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 file is compute\n+000331c0: 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 d and. print\n+000331d0: 6564 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 ed, followed by \n+000331e0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2065 6163 6820 file name, each \n+000331f0: 6669 6c65 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 7720 6c69 file on a new li\n+00033200: 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 206f ne... When o\n+00033210: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d63 6865 636b ption ...--check\n+00033220: e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 ... is given, it\n+00033230: 2070 6f69 6e74 7320 746f 2061 2066 696c points to a fil\n+00033240: 6520 7468 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 730a e that contains.\n+00033250: 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2048 4153 list of HAS\n+00033260: 4820 4e41 4d45 2070 6169 7273 2069 6e20 H NAME pairs in \n+00033270: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 the same format \n+00033280: 6173 2075 7365 6420 6279 2055 4e49 5820 as used by UNIX \n+00033290: e280 986d 6435 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 ...md5sum.... \n+000332a0: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 4f70 7469 command. Opti\n+000332b0: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 e280 on ...--prefix..\n+000332c0: 9920 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f . may be used to\n+000332d0: 2067 6976 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 give directory \n+000332e0: 7768 6572 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 where. files\n+000332f0: 2061 7265 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2e20 2048 are located. H\n+00033300: 6173 6820 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ash verification\n+00033310: 2073 746f 7073 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 stops after the\n+00033320: 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6d69 736d first. mism\n+00033330: 6174 6368 2077 6173 2066 6f75 6e64 2075 atch was found u\n+00033340: 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 nless option ...\n+00033350: 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 e280 9920 --keep-going... \n+00033360: 7761 7320 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 650a was given. The.\n+00033370: 2020 2020 2065 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 exit code .\n+00033380: 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ..$?... is set t\n+00033390: 6f20 3020 6966 2068 6173 6820 7665 7269 o 0 if hash veri\n+000333a0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 6363 fication is succ\n+000333b0: 6573 7366 756c 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 essful. If. \n+000333c0: 2069 7420 6661 696c 732c 20e2 8098 243f it fails, ...$?\n+000333d0: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 ... is set to a \n+000333e0: 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a nonzero value...\n+000333f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00033400: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 o, Node: help, \n+00033410: 204e 6578 743a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 Next: hexdump, \n+00033420: 2050 7265 763a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 Prev: hashsum, \n+00033430: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00033440: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00033450: 2e33 3520 6865 6c70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .35 help.-------\n+00033460: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00033470: 6e64 3a20 6865 6c70 205b 7061 7474 6572 nd: help [patter\n+00033480: 6e20 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 n ...]. Disp\n+00033490: 6c61 7920 6865 6c70 6675 6c20 696e 666f lay helpful info\n+000334a0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 6275 rmation about bu\n+000334b0: 696c 7469 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 iltin commands. \n+000334c0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 0a20 If you do not. \n+000334d0: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7920 5041 5454 specify PATT\n+000334e0: 4552 4e2c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e ERN, this comman\n+000334f0: 6420 7368 6f77 7320 7368 6f72 7420 6465 d shows short de\n+00033500: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e73 206f 6620 616c scriptions of al\n+00033510: 6c0a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 l. available\n+00033520: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 commands... \n+00033530: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 If you specify \n+00033540: 616e 7920 5041 5454 4552 4e53 2c20 6974 any PATTERNS, it\n+00033550: 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 6c6f 6e67 6572 displays longer\n+00033560: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f information abo\n+00033570: 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6561 6368 206f 6620 ut. each of \n+00033580: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 686f the commands who\n+00033590: 7365 206e 616d 6573 2062 6567 696e 2077 se names begin w\n+000335a0: 6974 6820 7468 6f73 6520 5041 5454 4552 ith those PATTER\n+000335b0: 4e53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 NS.....File: gru\n+000335c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 b.info, Node: h\n+000335d0: 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 exdump, Next: i\n+000335e0: 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6865 nsmod, Prev: he\n+000335f0: 6c70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 lp, Up: Command\n+00033600: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00033610: 3137 2e34 2e33 3620 6865 7864 756d 700a 17.4.36 hexdump.\n+00033620: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00033630: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 . -- Command: he\n+00033640: 7864 756d 7020 5b2d 2d73 6b69 7020 6f66 xdump [--skip of\n+00033650: 6673 6574 5d20 5b2d 2d6c 656e 6774 6820 fset] [--length \n+00033660: 6c65 6e5d 2046 494c 455f 4f52 5f44 4556 len] FILE_OR_DEV\n+00033670: 4943 450a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 7261 ICE. Show ra\n+00033680: 7720 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6120 w contents of a \n+00033690: 6669 6c65 206f 7220 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 file or memory. \n+000336a0: 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 When option ...\n+000336b0: 2d2d 736b 6970 e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 --skip... is. \n+000336c0: 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 given, ...offs\n+000336d0: 6574 e280 9920 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 et... number of \n+000336e0: 6279 7465 7320 6172 6520 736b 6970 7065 bytes are skippe\n+000336f0: 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 d from the start\n+00033700: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6576 of the. dev\n+00033710: 6963 6520 6f72 2066 696c 6520 6769 7665 ice or file give\n+00033720: 6e2e 2020 416e 6420 e280 982d 2d6c 656e n. And ...--len\n+00033730: 6774 68e2 8099 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7370 gth... allows sp\n+00033740: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2061 206d 6178 696d ecifying a maxim\n+00033750: 756d 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 206f um. number o\n+00033760: 6620 6279 7465 7320 746f 2062 6520 7368 f bytes to be sh\n+00033770: 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 own... If gi\n+00033780: 7665 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 ven the special \n+00033790: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 device named ...\n+000337a0: 286d 656d 29e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2074 (mem)..., then t\n+000337b0: 6865 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 he ...offset... \n+000337c0: 6769 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 given. to ..\n+000337d0: 982d 2d73 6b69 70e2 8099 2069 7320 7472 .--skip... is tr\n+000337e0: 6561 7465 6420 6173 2074 6865 2061 6464 eated as the add\n+000337f0: 7265 7373 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6d6f 7279 ress of a memory\n+00033800: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2064 756d location to dum\n+00033810: 700a 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a p. from.....\n+00033820: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00033830: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 Node: insmod, \n+00033840: 204e 6578 743a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 Next: keystatus\n+00033850: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 , Prev: hexdump\n+00033860: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00033870: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00033880: 2e34 2e33 3720 696e 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d .4.37 insmod.---\n+00033890: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+000338a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 Command: insmod\n+000338b0: 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 module. Ins\n+000338c0: 6572 7420 7468 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 6320 ert the dynamic \n+000338d0: 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6361 6c6c GRUB module call\n+000338e0: 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ed MODULE.....Fi\n+000338f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00033900: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c Node: keystatus,\n+00033910: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 Next: list_env\n+00033920: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c , Prev: insmod,\n+00033930: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00033940: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00033950: 342e 3338 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 0a2d 4.38 keystatus.-\n+00033960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00033970: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206b .. -- Command: k\n+00033980: 6579 7374 6174 7573 205b 2d2d 7368 6966 eystatus [--shif\n+00033990: 745d 205b 2d2d 6374 726c 5d20 5b2d 2d61 t] [--ctrl] [--a\n+000339a0: 6c74 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e20 lt]. Return \n+000339b0: 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 5368 6966 true if the Shif\n+000339c0: 742c 2043 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2c20 6f72 2041 t, Control, or A\n+000339d0: 6c74 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 6b65 7973 lt modifier keys\n+000339e0: 2061 7265 2068 656c 640a 2020 2020 2064 are held. d\n+000339f0: 6f77 6e2c 2061 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 own, as requeste\n+00033a00: 6420 6279 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 d by options. T\n+00033a10: 6869 7320 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e his is useful in\n+00033a20: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 746f 0a20 scripting, to. \n+00033a30: 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 736f 6d65 2075 allow some u\n+00033a40: 7365 7220 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 6f76 6572 ser control over\n+00033a50: 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 2077 6974 686f behaviour witho\n+00033a60: 7574 2068 6176 696e 6720 746f 2077 6169 ut having to wai\n+00033a70: 7420 666f 7220 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 t for a. key\n+00033a80: 7072 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 press... Che\n+00033a90: 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 cking key modifi\n+00033aa0: 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 206f 6e6c er status is onl\n+00033ab0: 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2073 y supported on s\n+00033ac0: 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a20 ome platforms.. \n+00033ad0: 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 If invoked w\n+00033ae0: 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 206f 7074 696f ithout any optio\n+00033af0: 6e73 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986b 6579 7374 ns, the ...keyst\n+00033b00: 6174 7573 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 atus... command \n+00033b10: 7265 7475 726e 730a 2020 2020 2074 7275 returns. tru\n+00033b20: 6520 6966 2061 6e64 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 e if and only if\n+00033b30: 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f checking key mo\n+00033b40: 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 difier status is\n+00033b50: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 supported.....F\n+00033b60: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00033b70: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c Node: list_env,\n+00033b80: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 Next: list_tru\n+00033b90: 7374 6564 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206b 6579 sted, Prev: key\n+00033ba0: 7374 6174 7573 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d status, Up: Com\n+00033bb0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00033bc0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3920 6c69 7374 ds..17.4.39 list\n+00033bd0: 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _env.-----------\n+00033be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00033bf0: 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d nd: list_env [--\n+00033c00: 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 file file]. \n+00033c10: 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 626c List all variabl\n+00033c20: 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f es in the enviro\n+00033c30: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 nment block file\n+00033c40: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 456e . *Note. En\n+00033c50: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a vironment block:\n+00033c60: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 :... The ...\n+00033c70: 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e --file... option\n+00033c80: 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 overrides the d\n+00033c90: 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 efault location \n+00033ca0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 of the. envi\n+00033cb0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a ronment block...\n+00033cc0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00033cd0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 o, Node: list_t\n+00033ce0: 7275 7374 6564 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c rusted, Next: l\n+00033cf0: 6f61 645f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 oad_env, Prev: \n+00033d00: 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 list_env, Up: C\n+00033d10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00033d20: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3020 6c69 ands..17.4.40 li\n+00033d30: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d st_trusted.-----\n+00033d40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00033d50: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 . -- Command: li\n+00033d60: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 st_trusted. \n+00033d70: 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2070 7562 6c69 6320 List all public \n+00033d80: 6b65 7973 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 7920 keys trusted by \n+00033d90: 4752 5542 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 6174 GRUB for validat\n+00033da0: 696e 6720 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2e0a ing signatures..\n+00033db0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7574 7075 7420 The output \n+00033dc0: 6973 2069 6e20 4750 4727 7320 7634 206b is in GPG's v4 k\n+00033dd0: 6579 2066 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 2066 ey fingerprint f\n+00033de0: 6f72 6d61 7420 2869 2e65 2e2c 2074 6865 ormat (i.e., the\n+00033df0: 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 206f 6620 output. of \n+00033e00: e280 9867 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 ...gpg --fingerp\n+00033e10: 7269 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 2054 6865 206c rint...). The l\n+00033e20: 6561 7374 2073 6967 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 east significant\n+00033e30: 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 286c 6173 four bytes (las\n+00033e40: 740a 2020 2020 2065 6967 6874 2068 6578 t. eight hex\n+00033e50: 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 adecimal digits)\n+00033e60: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 can be used as \n+00033e70: 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 20e2 an argument to .\n+00033e80: 8098 6469 7374 7275 7374 e280 990a 2020 ..distrust.... \n+00033e90: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 (*note distru\n+00033ea0: 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 st::). *Note Us\n+00033eb0: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n+00033ec0: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f atures::, for mo\n+00033ed0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 re. informat\n+00033ee0: 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7573 6573 2066 ion about uses f\n+00033ef0: 6f72 2074 6865 7365 206b 6579 732e 0a0a or these keys...\n+00033f00: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00033f10: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 o, Node: load_e\n+00033f20: 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 6466 nv, Next: loadf\n+00033f30: 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 ont, Prev: list\n+00033f40: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 _trusted, Up: C\n+00033f50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00033f60: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3120 6c6f ands..17.4.41 lo\n+00033f70: 6164 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ad_env.---------\n+00033f80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00033f90: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 205b mand: load_env [\n+00033fa0: 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 205b 2d2d --file file] [--\n+00033fb0: 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 skip-sig]. \n+00033fc0: 2020 2020 5b77 6869 7465 6c69 7374 6564 [whitelisted\n+00033fd0: 5f76 6172 6961 626c 655f 6e61 6d65 5d20 _variable_name] \n+00033fe0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 616c .... Load al\n+00033ff0: 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d l variables from\n+00034000: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n+00034010: 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 6520 696e 746f block file into\n+00034020: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f the. enviro\n+00034030: 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e nment. *Note En\n+00034040: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a vironment block:\n+00034050: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 :... The ...\n+00034060: 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e --file... option\n+00034070: 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 overrides the d\n+00034080: 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 efault location \n+00034090: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 of the. envi\n+000340a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a ronment block...\n+000340b0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b The ...--sk\n+000340c0: 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ip-sig... option\n+000340d0: 2073 6b69 7073 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 skips signature\n+000340e0: 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 6576 656e 2077 checking even w\n+000340f0: 6865 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c hen the. val\n+00034100: 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ue of environmen\n+00034110: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 t variable ...ch\n+00034120: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 eck_signatures..\n+00034130: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 . is set to. \n+00034140: 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2028 ...enforce... (\n+00034150: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e *note check_sign\n+00034160: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 atures::)... \n+00034170: 2049 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 If one or more \n+00034180: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2061 variable names a\n+00034190: 7265 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6173 2061 re provided as a\n+000341a0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7468 6579 2061 rguments, they a\n+000341b0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7270 7265 re. interpre\n+000341c0: 7465 6420 6173 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 ted as a whiteli\n+000341d0: 7374 206f 6620 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 st of variables \n+000341e0: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 to load from the\n+000341f0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n+00034200: 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 2056 t block file. V\n+00034210: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2073 6574 2069 6e20 ariables set in \n+00034220: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2062 7574 206e 6f74 the file but not\n+00034230: 2070 7265 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e present. in\n+00034240: 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2061 the whitelist a\n+00034250: 7265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 re ignored... \n+00034260: 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d The ...--skip-\n+00034270: 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7368 sig... option sh\n+00034280: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 ould be used wit\n+00034290: 6820 6361 7265 2c20 616e 6420 7368 6f75 h care, and shou\n+000342a0: 6c64 2061 6c77 6179 730a 2020 2020 2062 ld always. b\n+000342b0: 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 636f 6e63 6572 e used in concer\n+000342c0: 7420 7769 7468 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 t with a whiteli\n+000342d0: 7374 206f 6620 6163 6365 7074 6162 6c65 st of acceptable\n+000342e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 686f 7365 variables whose\n+000342f0: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6573 2073 686f . values sho\n+00034300: 756c 6420 6265 2073 6574 2e20 2046 6169 uld be set. Fai\n+00034310: 6c75 7265 2074 6f20 656d 706c 6f79 2061 lure to employ a\n+00034320: 2063 6172 6566 756c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7374 carefully const\n+00034330: 7275 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6974 ructed. whit\n+00034340: 656c 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 7265 7375 elist could resu\n+00034350: 6c74 2069 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 6120 lt in reading a \n+00034360: 6d61 6c69 6369 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 6520 malicious value \n+00034370: 696e 746f 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 2020 into critical. \n+00034380: 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 environment v\n+00034390: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ariables from th\n+000343a0: 6520 6669 6c65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 e file, such as \n+000343b0: 7365 7474 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 setting. ...\n+000343c0: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+000343d0: 3d6e 6fe2 8099 2c20 6d6f 6469 6679 696e =no..., modifyin\n+000343e0: 6720 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2074 g ...prefix... t\n+000343f0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 o boot from an. \n+00034400: 2020 2020 756e 6578 7065 6374 6564 206c unexpected l\n+00034410: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f72 206e 6f74 2061 ocation or not a\n+00034420: 7420 616c 6c2c 2065 7463 2e0a 0a20 2020 t all, etc... \n+00034430: 2020 5768 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 When used with\n+00034440: 2063 6172 652c 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 care, ...--skip\n+00034450: 2d73 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 -sig... and the \n+00034460: 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 656e 6162 6c65 whitelist enable\n+00034470: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 646d 696e 6973 an. adminis\n+00034480: 7472 6174 6f72 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 trator to config\n+00034490: 7572 6520 6120 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 ure a system to \n+000344a0: 626f 6f74 206f 6e6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 boot only signed\n+000344b0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . configurat\n+000344c0: 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 746f 2061 6c6c ions, but to all\n+000344d0: 6f77 2074 6865 2075 7365 7220 746f 2073 ow the user to s\n+000344e0: 656c 6563 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6d6f 6e67 elect from among\n+000344f0: 206d 756c 7469 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 multiple. c\n+00034500: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 onfigurations, a\n+00034510: 6e64 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2022 6f6e nd to enable \"on\n+00034520: 652d 7368 6f74 2220 626f 6f74 2061 7474 e-shot\" boot att\n+00034530: 656d 7074 7320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2022 empts and. \"\n+00034540: 7361 7665 6465 6661 756c 7422 2062 6568 savedefault\" beh\n+00034550: 6176 696f 722e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 avior. *Note Us\n+00034560: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n+00034570: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f atures::, for mo\n+00034580: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 re. informat\n+00034590: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+000345a0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000345b0: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a loadfont, Next:\n+000345c0: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 loopback, Prev\n+000345d0: 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a : load_env, Up:\n+000345e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+000345f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3220 mmands..17.4.42 \n+00034600: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d loadfont.-------\n+00034610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00034620: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 ommand: loadfont\n+00034630: 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c file .... L\n+00034640: 6f61 6420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 666f oad specified fo\n+00034650: 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2055 6e6c 6573 nt files. Unles\n+00034660: 7320 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2070 6174 686e s absolute pathn\n+00034670: 616d 6520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 4649 ame is given, FI\n+00034680: 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7373 756d LE. is assum\n+00034690: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 6469 7265 ed to be in dire\n+000346a0: 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 ctory ...$prefix\n+000346b0: 2f66 6f6e 7473 e280 9920 7769 7468 2073 /fonts... with s\n+000346c0: 7566 6669 7820 e280 982e 7066 32e2 8099 uffix ....pf2...\n+000346d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2e20 . appended. \n+000346e0: 202a 4e6f 7465 2046 6f6e 7473 3a20 5468 *Note Fonts: Th\n+000346f0: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e eme file format.\n+00034700: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00034710: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 nfo, Node: loop\n+00034720: 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 732c back, Next: ls,\n+00034730: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 Prev: loadfont\n+00034740: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00034750: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00034760: 2e34 2e34 3320 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a2d .4.43 loopback.-\n+00034770: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00034780: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f . -- Command: lo\n+00034790: 6f70 6261 636b 205b 2d64 5d20 5b2d 445d opback [-d] [-D]\n+000347a0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 device file. \n+000347b0: 2020 4d61 6b65 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 Make the devic\n+000347c0: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4445 5649 4345 2063 e named DEVICE c\n+000347d0: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 746f 2074 6865 orrespond to the\n+000347e0: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 contents of the\n+000347f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d . filesystem\n+00034800: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 image in FILE. \n+00034810: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 For example:.. \n+00034820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 loopbac\n+00034830: 6b20 6c6f 6f70 3020 2f70 6174 682f 746f k loop0 /path/to\n+00034840: 2f69 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 /image. \n+00034850: 206c 7320 286c 6f6f 7030 292f 0a0a 2020 ls (loop0)/.. \n+00034860: 2020 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 Specifying th\n+00034870: 6520 e280 982d 44e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-D... optio\n+00034880: 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 206c 6f6f n allows the loo\n+00034890: 7062 6163 6b20 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 6265 pback file to be\n+000348a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 7061 7265 6e74 . tranparent\n+000348b0: 6c79 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 ly decompressed \n+000348c0: 6966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2061 if there is an a\n+000348d0: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2064 6563 6f6d ppropriate decom\n+000348e0: 7072 6573 736f 720a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 pressor. loa\n+000348f0: 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 ded... With \n+00034900: 7468 6520 e280 982d 64e2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-d... opt\n+00034910: 696f 6e2c 2064 656c 6574 6520 6120 6465 ion, delete a de\n+00034920: 7669 6365 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 vice previously \n+00034930: 6372 6561 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 created using th\n+00034940: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e is. command.\n+00034950: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00034960: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 2c20 nfo, Node: ls, \n+00034970: 204e 6578 743a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 Next: lsfonts, \n+00034980: 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c Prev: loopback,\n+00034990: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+000349a0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+000349b0: 342e 3434 206c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.44 ls.--------\n+000349c0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+000349d0: 206c 7320 5b61 7267 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 ls [arg ...]. \n+000349e0: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 List devices \n+000349f0: 6f72 2066 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 or files... \n+00034a00: 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 With no argument\n+00034a10: 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2061 6c6c 2064 6576 s, print all dev\n+00034a20: 6963 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 4752 ices known to GR\n+00034a30: 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 UB... If the\n+00034a40: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2064 argument is a d\n+00034a50: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2065 6e63 6c6f evice name enclo\n+00034a60: 7365 6420 696e 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 sed in parenthes\n+00034a70: 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2044 es (*note. D\n+00034a80: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c evice syntax::),\n+00034a90: 2074 6865 6e20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 then print the \n+00034aa0: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 name of the file\n+00034ab0: 7379 7374 656d 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 system of that. \n+00034ac0: 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 device... \n+00034ad0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e If the argumen\n+00034ae0: 7420 6973 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 t is a directory\n+00034af0: 2067 6976 656e 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 given as an abs\n+00034b00: 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a olute file name.\n+00034b10: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 (*note File\n+00034b20: 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c name syntax::),\n+00034b30: 2074 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2063 then list the c\n+00034b40: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6861 740a ontents of that.\n+00034b50: 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e0a directory..\n+00034b60: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00034b70: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 7366 6f6e fo, Node: lsfon\n+00034b80: 7473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 736d 6f64 ts, Next: lsmod\n+00034b90: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 732c 2020 5570 , Prev: ls, Up\n+00034ba0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00034bb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3435 ommands..17.4.45\n+00034bc0: 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lsfonts.-------\n+00034bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00034be0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a20 mmand: lsfonts. \n+00034bf0: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 6465 6420 List loaded \n+00034c00: 666f 6e74 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 fonts.....File: \n+00034c10: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00034c20: 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : lsmod, Next: \n+00034c30: 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c md5sum, Prev: l\n+00034c40: 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d sfonts, Up: Com\n+00034c50: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00034c60: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3620 6c73 6d6f ds..17.4.46 lsmo\n+00034c70: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a d.-------------.\n+00034c80: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 . -- Command: ls\n+00034c90: 6d6f 640a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 6c69 mod. Show li\n+00034ca0: 7374 206f 6620 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 6f64 st of loaded mod\n+00034cb0: 756c 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ules.....File: g\n+00034cc0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00034cd0: 206d 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 md5sum, Next: \n+00034ce0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c module, Prev: l\n+00034cf0: 736d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 smod, Up: Comma\n+00034d00: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00034d10: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3720 6d64 3573 756d ..17.4.47 md5sum\n+00034d20: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+00034d30: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d64 . -- Command: md\n+00034d40: 3573 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 5sum arg .... \n+00034d50: 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 Alias for ...h\n+00034d60: 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6d64 ashsum --hash md\n+00034d70: 3520 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 5 arg ....... S\n+00034d80: 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 ee command ...ha\n+00034d90: 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a shsum.... (*\n+00034da0: 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 note hashsum::) \n+00034db0: 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 for full descrip\n+00034dc0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+00034dd0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00034de0: 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 module, Next: \n+00034df0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 multiboot, Prev\n+00034e00: 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : md5sum, Up: C\n+00034e10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00034e20: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3820 6d6f ands..17.4.48 mo\n+00034e30: 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dule.-----------\n+00034e40: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00034e50: 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e : module [--noun\n+00034e60: 7a69 705d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d zip] file [argum\n+00034e70: 656e 7473 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 ents]. Load \n+00034e80: 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 756c a module for mul\n+00034e90: 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d tiboot kernel im\n+00034ea0: 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f age. The rest o\n+00034eb0: 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 f the line is. \n+00034ec0: 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 passed verbat\n+00034ed0: 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 im as the module\n+00034ee0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a0a command line...\n+00034ef0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00034f00: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 o, Node: multib\n+00034f10: 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e61 7469 oot, Next: nati\n+00034f20: 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d vedisk, Prev: m\n+00034f30: 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d odule, Up: Comm\n+00034f40: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00034f50: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3439 206d 756c 7469 s..17.4.49 multi\n+00034f60: 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d boot.-----------\n+00034f70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00034f80: 616e 643a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 205b and: multiboot [\n+00034f90: 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 --quirk-bad-klud\n+00034fa0: 6765 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ge]. [-\n+00034fb0: 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 -quirk-modules-a\n+00034fc0: 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c5d 2066 696c fter-kernel] fil\n+00034fd0: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 e .... Load \n+00034fe0: 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e a multiboot kern\n+00034ff0: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 el image from FI\n+00035000: 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 LE. The rest of\n+00035010: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 the line is. \n+00035020: 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 passed verbati\n+00035030: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e m as the ...kern\n+00035040: 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 el command-line.\n+00035050: 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 6f64 756c 6520 ... Any module \n+00035060: 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c must be. rel\n+00035070: 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e oaded after usin\n+00035080: 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 g this command (\n+00035090: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 292e *note module::).\n+000350a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e .. Some kern\n+000350b0: 656c 7320 6861 7665 206b 6e6f 776e 2070 els have known p\n+000350c0: 726f 626c 656d 732e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 roblems. You ne\n+000350d0: 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 2d71 ed to specify -q\n+000350e0: 7569 726b 2d2a 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 uirk-* for. \n+000350f0: 7468 6f73 652e 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 those. -quirk-b\n+00035100: 6164 2d6b 6c75 6467 6520 6973 2061 2070 ad-kludge is a p\n+00035110: 726f 626c 656d 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2073 roblem seen in s\n+00035120: 6576 6572 616c 2070 726f 6475 6374 730a everal products.\n+00035130: 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7468 6579 2069 that they i\n+00035140: 6e63 6c75 6465 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206b nclude loading k\n+00035150: 6c75 6467 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f ludge informatio\n+00035160: 6e20 7769 7468 2069 6e76 616c 6964 2064 n with invalid d\n+00035170: 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 454c 4620 ata in. ELF \n+00035180: 6669 6c65 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7072 696f file. GRUB prio\n+00035190: 7220 746f 2030 2e39 3720 616e 6420 736f r to 0.97 and so\n+000351a0: 6d65 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6275 696c 6473 me custom builds\n+000351b0: 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2045 4c46 0a20 preferred ELF. \n+000351c0: 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 information \n+000351d0: 7768 696c 6520 302e 3937 2061 6e64 2047 while 0.97 and G\n+000351e0: 5255 4220 3220 7573 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 RUB 2 use kludge\n+000351f0: 2e20 2055 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 . Use this opti\n+00035200: 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 on to. ignor\n+00035210: 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 204b 6e6f 776e e kludge. Known\n+00035220: 2061 6666 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d affected system\n+00035230: 733a 206f 6c64 2053 6f6c 6172 6973 2c20 s: old Solaris, \n+00035240: 536b 794f 532e 0a0a 2020 2020 202d 7175 SkyOS... -qu\n+00035250: 6972 6b2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 irk-modules-afte\n+00035260: 722d 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 6e65 6564 r-kernel is need\n+00035270: 6564 2066 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2077 ed for kernels w\n+00035280: 6869 6368 206c 6f61 6420 6174 0a20 2020 hich load at. \n+00035290: 2020 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2068 6967 relatively hig\n+000352a0: 6820 6164 6472 6573 7320 652e 672e 2020 h address e.g. \n+000352b0: 3136 4d69 4220 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2063 16MiB mark and c\n+000352c0: 616e 2774 2063 6f70 6520 7769 7468 0a20 an't cope with. \n+000352d0: 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7374 7566 modules stuf\n+000352e0: 6665 6420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 314d 6942 fed between 1MiB\n+000352f0: 206d 6172 6b20 616e 6420 6265 6769 6e6e mark and beginn\n+00035300: 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 ing of the kerne\n+00035310: 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 l.. Known af\n+00035320: 6674 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a ftected systems:\n+00035330: 2056 4d57 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 VMWare.....File\n+00035340: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00035350: 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 de: nativedisk, \n+00035360: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 Next: normal, \n+00035370: 5072 6576 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c Prev: multiboot,\n+00035380: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00035390: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+000353a0: 342e 3530 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 4.50 nativedisk.\n 000353b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000353c0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-000353d0: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2020 2020 2053 ativedisk. S\n-000353e0: 7769 7463 6820 6672 6f6d 2066 6972 6d77 witch from firmw\n-000353f0: 6172 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7273 are disk drivers\n-00035400: 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 206f 6e65 732e to native ones.\n-00035410: 2020 5265 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c0a Really useful.\n-00035420: 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 only on pla\n-00035430: 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2062 6f74 tforms where bot\n-00035440: 6820 6669 726d 7761 7265 2061 6e64 206e h firmware and n\n-00035450: 6174 6976 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 ative disk drive\n-00035460: 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c s are. avail\n-00035470: 6162 6c65 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 able. Currently\n-00035480: 2069 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d65 i386-pc, i386-e\n-00035490: 6669 2c20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 3237 fi, i386-ieee127\n-000354a0: 3520 616e 640a 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 5 and. x86_6\n-000354b0: 342d 6566 692e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 4-efi.....File: \n-000354c0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000354d0: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a : normal, Next:\n-000354e0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 2050 normal_exit, P\n-000354f0: 7265 763a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c rev: nativedisk,\n-00035500: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00035510: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00035520: 342e 3531 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 4.51 normal.----\n-00035530: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00035540: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 Command: normal \n-00035550: 5b66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7465 [file]. Ente\n-00035560: 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 616e r normal mode an\n-00035570: 6420 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 4752 d display the GR\n-00035580: 5542 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 UB menu... I\n-00035590: 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 n normal mode, c\n-000355a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2066 696c 6573 7973 ommands, filesys\n-000355b0: 7465 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 tem modules, and\n-000355c0: 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 790a 2020 cryptography. \n-000355d0: 2020 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2061 modules are a\n-000355e0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 utomatically loa\n-000355f0: 6465 642c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 756c ded, and the ful\n-00035600: 6c20 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 7061 l GRUB script pa\n-00035610: 7273 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7661 rser. is ava\n-00035620: 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 206d ilable. Other m\n-00035630: 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 6578 odules may be ex\n-00035640: 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 plicitly loaded \n-00035650: 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 696e using. ...in\n-00035660: 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 smod... (*note i\n-00035670: 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 nsmod::)... \n-00035680: 4966 2061 2046 494c 4520 6973 2067 6976 If a FILE is giv\n-00035690: 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 en, then command\n-000356a0: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 s will be read f\n-000356b0: 726f 6d20 7468 6174 2066 696c 652e 0a20 rom that file.. \n-000356c0: 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 Otherwise, t\n-000356d0: 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 hey will be read\n-000356e0: 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 from ...$prefix\n-000356f0: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 6620 /grub.cfg... if \n-00035700: 6974 2065 7869 7374 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 it exists... \n-00035710: 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d61 ...normal... ma\n-00035720: 7920 6265 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6672 6f6d y be called from\n-00035730: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d within normal m\n-00035740: 6f64 652c 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 ode, creating a \n-00035750: 6e65 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 nested. envi\n-00035760: 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 4974 2069 7320 ronment. It is \n-00035770: 6d6f 7265 2075 7375 616c 2074 6f20 7573 more usual to us\n-00035780: 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 e ...configfile.\n-00035790: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 .. (*note. c\n-000357a0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2066 6f72 onfigfile::) for\n-000357b0: 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 this.....File: \n-000357c0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000357d0: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 : normal_exit, \n-000357e0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 Next: parttool, \n-000357f0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 Prev: normal, \n-00035800: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00035810: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00035820: 3532 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a2d 52 normal_exit.-\n-00035830: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00035840: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00035850: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a20 2020 normal_exit. \n-00035860: 2020 4578 6974 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f Exit normal mo\n-00035870: 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c de (*note normal\n-00035880: 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 696e ::). If this in\n-00035890: 7374 616e 6365 206f 6620 6e6f 726d 616c stance of normal\n-000358a0: 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2077 6173 206e mode. was n\n-000358b0: 6f74 206e 6573 7465 6420 7769 7468 696e ot nested within\n-000358c0: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206f 6e65 2c20 7468 another one, th\n-000358d0: 656e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2072 6573 en return to res\n-000358e0: 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c cue mode.....Fil\n-000358f0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00035900: 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 ode: parttool, \n-00035910: 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 Next: password, \n-00035920: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 Prev: normal_ex\n-00035930: 6974 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 it, Up: Command\n-00035940: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00035950: 3137 2e34 2e35 3320 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 17.4.53 parttool\n-00035960: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00035970: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00035980: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2070 6172 7469 7469 parttool partiti\n-00035990: 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 on commands. \n-000359a0: 204d 616b 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6d6f Make various mo\n-000359b0: 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2070 difications to p\n-000359c0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 artition table e\n-000359d0: 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4561 ntries... Ea\n-000359e0: 6368 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 2069 7320 6569 ch COMMAND is ei\n-000359f0: 7468 6572 2061 2062 6f6f 6c65 616e 206f ther a boolean o\n-00035a00: 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 ption, in which \n-00035a10: 6361 7365 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a case it must be.\n-00035a20: 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 7769 followed wi\n-00035a30: 7468 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 206f 7220 e280 th ...+... or ..\n-00035a40: 982d e280 9920 2877 6974 6820 6e6f 2069 .-... (with no i\n-00035a50: 6e74 6572 7665 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 ntervening space\n-00035a60: 2920 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6f72 0a20 ) to enable or. \n-00035a70: 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6174 disable that\n-00035a80: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 656c 7365 option, or else\n-00035a90: 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 6120 7661 6c75 it takes a valu\n-00035aa0: 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d0a 2020 e in the form. \n-00035ab0: 2020 20e2 8098 434f 4d4d 414e 443d 5641 ...COMMAND=VA\n-00035ac0: 4c55 45e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4375 LUE...... Cu\n-00035ad0: 7272 656e 746c 792c 20e2 8098 7061 7274 rrently, ...part\n-00035ae0: 746f 6f6c e280 9920 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 tool... is only \n-00035af0: 7573 6566 756c 206f 6e20 444f 5320 7061 useful on DOS pa\n-00035b00: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 2028 rtition tables (\n-00035b10: 616c 736f 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 also. known \n-00035b20: 6173 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 as Master Boot R\n-00035b30: 6563 6f72 642c 206f 7220 4d42 5229 2e20 ecord, or MBR). \n-00035b40: 4f6e 2074 6865 7365 2070 6172 7469 7469 On these partiti\n-00035b50: 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 732c 0a20 2020 2020 on tables,. \n-00035b60: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 636f the following co\n-00035b70: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c mmands are avail\n-00035b80: 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 able:.. ...b\n-00035b90: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 626f 6f6c 6561 6e29 oot... (boolean)\n-00035ba0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 . When \n-00035bb0: 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6869 7320 6d61 enabled, this ma\n-00035bc0: 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 kes the selected\n-00035bd0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6520 7468 partition be th\n-00035be0: 6520 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e active. \n-00035bf0: 2020 2028 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2920 7061 (bootable) pa\n-00035c00: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 7473 2064 rtition on its d\n-00035c10: 6973 6b2c 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 isk, clearing th\n-00035c20: 6520 6163 7469 7665 2066 6c61 6720 6f6e e active flag on\n-00035c30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 206f . all o\n-00035c40: 7468 6572 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e ther partitions.\n-00035c50: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 This command i\n-00035c60: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 205f 7072 s limited to _pr\n-00035c70: 696d 6172 795f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 imary_. \n-00035c80: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 partitions... \n-00035c90: 2020 20e2 8098 7479 7065 e280 9920 2876 ...type... (v\n-00035ca0: 616c 7565 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alue). \n-00035cb0: 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2074 7970 6520 Change the type \n-00035cc0: 6f66 2061 6e20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2070 of an existing p\n-00035cd0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 artition. The v\n-00035ce0: 616c 7565 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 0a20 alue must be a. \n-00035cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 number \n-00035d00: 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 2d30 in the range 0-0\n-00035d10: 7846 4620 2870 7265 6669 7820 7769 7468 xFF (prefix with\n-00035d20: 20e2 8098 3078 e280 9920 746f 2065 6e74 ...0x... to ent\n-00035d30: 6572 2069 7420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 er it in. \n-00035d40: 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 292e hexadecimal).\n-00035d50: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6869 6464 656e .. ...hidden\n-00035d60: e280 9920 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 ... (boolean). \n-00035d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 When ena\n-00035d80: 626c 6564 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6964 6573 bled, this hides\n-00035d90: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 the selected pa\n-00035da0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2073 6574 7469 rtition by setti\n-00035db0: 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng the. \n-00035dc0: 20e2 809c 6869 6464 656e e280 9d20 6269 ...hidden... bi\n-00035dd0: 7420 696e 2069 7473 2070 6172 7469 7469 t in its partiti\n-00035de0: 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 7768 on type code; wh\n-00035df0: 656e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 642c 0a20 2020 en disabled,. \n-00035e00: 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e68 6964 6573 2074 unhides t\n-00035e10: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 he selected part\n-00035e20: 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2063 6c65 6172 696e ition by clearin\n-00035e30: 6720 7468 6973 2062 6974 2e20 2054 6869 g this bit. Thi\n-00035e40: 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 s is. u\n-00035e50: 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 seful only when \n-00035e60: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 444f 5320 6f72 2057 booting DOS or W\n-00035e70: 696e 646f 7773 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 indows and multi\n-00035e80: 706c 6520 7072 696d 6172 790a 2020 2020 ple primary. \n-00035e90: 2020 2020 2020 4641 5420 7061 7274 6974 FAT partit\n-00035ea0: 696f 6e73 2065 7869 7374 2069 6e20 6f6e ions exist in on\n-00035eb0: 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2053 6565 2061 6c73 e disk. See als\n-00035ec0: 6f20 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 o *note. \n-00035ed0: 2020 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2e DOS/Windows::.\n-00035ee0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00035ef0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 nfo, Node: pass\n-00035f00: 776f 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6173 word, Next: pas\n-00035f10: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 sword_pbkdf2, P\n-00035f20: 7265 763a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 rev: parttool, \n-00035f30: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00035f40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00035f50: 3534 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2d2d 2d2d 54 password.----\n-00035f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00035f70: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6173 7377 - Command: passw\n-00035f80: 6f72 6420 7573 6572 2063 6c65 6172 2d70 ord user clear-p\n-00035f90: 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2020 2020 2044 6566 assword. Def\n-00035fa0: 696e 6520 6120 7573 6572 206e 616d 6564 ine a user named\n-00035fb0: 2055 5345 5220 7769 7468 2070 6173 7377 USER with passw\n-00035fc0: 6f72 6420 434c 4541 522d 5041 5353 574f ord CLEAR-PASSWO\n-00035fd0: 5244 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 RD. *Note. \n-00035fe0: 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Security::.....F\n-00035ff0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00036000: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f Node: password_\n-00036010: 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 pbkdf2, Next: p\n-00036020: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 lainmount, Prev\n-00036030: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2055 703a : password, Up:\n-00036040: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00036050: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3520 mmands..17.4.55 \n-00036060: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 320a password_pbkdf2.\n-00036070: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00036080: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00036090: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 mand: password_p\n-000360a0: 626b 6466 3220 7573 6572 2068 6173 6865 bkdf2 user hashe\n-000360b0: 642d 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 2020 d-password. \n-000360c0: 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 6e61 Define a user na\n-000360d0: 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 7061 med USER with pa\n-000360e0: 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6820 4841 5348 ssword hash HASH\n-000360f0: 4544 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 5573 ED-PASSWORD. Us\n-00036100: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d e. ...grub-m\n-00036110: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 kpasswd-pbkdf2..\n-00036120: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note Invokin\n-00036130: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n-00036140: 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 0a20 2020 pbkdf2::) to. \n-00036150: 2020 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 generate passw\n-00036160: 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f ord hashes. *No\n-00036170: 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a te Security::...\n-00036180: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00036190: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d o, Node: plainm\n-000361a0: 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6c61 ount, Next: pla\n-000361b0: 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7373 776f y, Prev: passwo\n-000361c0: 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5570 3a20 rd_pbkdf2, Up: \n-000361d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-000361e0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3536 2070 mands..17.4.56 p\n-000361f0: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lainmount.------\n-00036200: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00036210: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6c61 696e - Command: plain\n-00036220: 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 6365 202d 6320 mount device -c \n-00036230: 6369 7068 6572 202d 7320 6b65 7920 7369 cipher -s key si\n-00036240: 7a65 205b 2d68 2068 6173 685d 0a20 2020 ze [-h hash]. \n-00036250: 2020 5be2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7365 6374 [...-S... sect\n-00036260: 6f72 2073 697a 655d 205b e280 982d 70e2 or size] [...-p.\n-00036270: 8099 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645d 205b e280 .. password] [..\n-00036280: 982d 75e2 8099 2075 7569 645d 205b 5be2 .-u... uuid] [[.\n-00036290: 8098 2d64 e280 9920 6b65 7966 696c 655d ..-d... keyfile]\n-000362a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 . [...-O... \n-000362b0: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6f66 6673 6574 5d5d keyfile offset]]\n-000362c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 .. Setup acc\n-000362d0: 6573 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e63 7279 ess to the encry\n-000362e0: 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 2070 pted device in p\n-000362f0: 6c61 696e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4f66 6673 lain mode. Offs\n-00036300: 6574 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 et of the. e\n-00036310: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6174 6120 6174 ncrypted data at\n-00036320: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 2073 the device is s\n-00036330: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7465 726d pecified in term\n-00036340: 7320 6f66 2035 3132 2062 7974 650a 2020 s of 512 byte. \n-00036350: 2020 2073 6563 746f 7273 2075 7369 6e67 sectors using\n-00036360: 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 the blocklist s\n-00036370: 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 6261 yntax and loopba\n-00036380: 636b 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a ck device. The.\n-00036390: 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 following e\n-000363a0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2073 686f 7773 2068 6f77 xample shows how\n-000363b0: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 314d 6942 to specify 1MiB\n-000363c0: 206f 6666 7365 743a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 offset:.. \n-000363d0: 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 206e 6f64 loopback nod\n-000363e0: 6520 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 3230 3438 e (hd0,gpt1)2048\n-000363f0: 2b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 +. plai\n-00036400: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 206e 6f64 6520 2e2e 2e0a nmount node ....\n-00036410: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9870 6c61 . The ...pla\n-00036420: 696e 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 inmount... comma\n-00036430: 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 nd can be used t\n-00036440: 6f20 6f70 656e 204c 554b 5320 656e 6372 o open LUKS encr\n-00036450: 7970 7465 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 0a20 2020 ypted volume. \n-00036460: 2020 6966 2069 7473 206d 6173 7465 7220 if its master \n-00036470: 6b65 7920 616e 6420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 key and paramete\n-00036480: 7273 2028 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 6369 rs (key size, ci\n-00036490: 7068 6572 2c20 6f66 6673 6574 2c20 6574 pher, offset, et\n-000364a0: 6329 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 6b6e 6f77 c). are know\n-000364b0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 2061 n... There a\n-000364c0: 7265 2074 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 re two ways to s\n-000364d0: 7065 6369 6679 2061 2070 6173 7377 6f72 pecify a passwor\n-000364e0: 643a 2061 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2061 6e64 d: a keyfile and\n-000364f0: 2061 2073 6563 7265 740a 2020 2020 2070 a secret. p\n-00036500: 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 2020 5468 6520 assphrase. The \n-00036510: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7061 7468 2070 6172 keyfile path par\n-00036520: 616d 6574 6572 2068 6173 2068 6967 6865 ameter has highe\n-00036530: 7220 7072 696f 7269 7479 2074 6861 6e0a r priority than.\n-00036540: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6563 7265 7420 the secret \n-00036550: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2070 6172 616d passphrase param\n-00036560: 6574 6572 2061 6e64 2069 7320 7370 6563 eter and is spec\n-00036570: 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f ified with the o\n-00036580: 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d64 ption. ...-d\n-00036590: e280 992e 2020 5061 7373 776f 7264 2064 .... Password d\n-000365a0: 6174 6120 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2066 726f ata obtained fro\n-000365b0: 6d20 6b65 7966 696c 6573 2069 7320 6e6f m keyfiles is no\n-000365c0: 7420 6861 7368 6564 2061 6e64 2069 730a t hashed and is.\n-000365d0: 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 used direct\n-000365e0: 6c79 2061 7320 6120 6369 7068 6572 206b ly as a cipher k\n-000365f0: 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c ey. An optional\n-00036600: 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2070 6173 7377 offset of passw\n-00036610: 6f72 6420 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e ord data. in\n-00036620: 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2063 616e the keyfile can\n-00036630: 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 be specified wi\n-00036640: 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 th the option ..\n-00036650: 982d 4fe2 8099 206f 7220 6469 7265 6374 .-O... or direct\n-00036660: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 ly. with the\n-00036670: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 64e2 8099 option ...-d...\n-00036680: 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 626c 6f63 6b6c and GRUB blockl\n-00036690: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 6966 2074 ist syntax, if t\n-000366a0: 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2064 6174 610a he keyfile data.\n-000366b0: 2020 2020 2063 616e 2062 6520 6163 6365 can be acce\n-000366c0: 7373 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6465 7669 ssed from a devi\n-000366d0: 6365 2061 6e64 2069 7320 3531 3220 6279 ce and is 512 by\n-000366e0: 7465 2061 6c69 676e 6564 2e20 2054 6865 te aligned. The\n-000366f0: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 . following \n-00036700: 6578 616d 706c 6520 7368 6f77 7320 626f example shows bo\n-00036710: 7468 206d 6574 686f 6473 2074 6f20 7370 th methods to sp\n-00036720: 6563 6966 7920 7061 7373 776f 7264 2064 ecify password d\n-00036730: 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ata in. the \n-00036740: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6174 206f 6666 7365 keyfile at offse\n-00036750: 7420 314d 6942 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t 1MiB:.. \n-00036760: 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 plainmount -d\n-00036770: 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 2932 3034 382b (hd0,gpt1)2048+\n-00036780: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 .... p\n-00036790: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 6864 lainmount -d (hd\n-000367a0: 302c 6770 7431 292b 202d 4f20 3130 3438 0,gpt1)+ -O 1048\n-000367b0: 3537 3620 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 576 ..... If\n-000367c0: 206e 6f20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6973 2073 no keyfile is s\n-000367d0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 7468 pecified then th\n-000367e0: 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 7365 e password is se\n-000367f0: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a t to the string.\n-00036800: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2062 specified b\n-00036810: 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 y option ...-p..\n-00036820: 9920 6f72 2069 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 . or is requeste\n-00036830: 6420 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c 7920 d interactively \n-00036840: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f from the. co\n-00036850: 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 496e 2062 6f74 6820 nsole. In both \n-00036860: 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 7072 6f76 6964 cases the provid\n-00036870: 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6973 2068 ed password is h\n-00036880: 6173 6865 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 ashed with the. \n-00036890: 2020 2020 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d20 7370 algorithm sp\n-000368a0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 2074 6865 206f ecified by the o\n-000368b0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 68e2 8099 2e20 ption ...-h.... \n-000368c0: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 This option is \n-000368d0: 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 790a 2020 2020 2069 mandatory. i\n-000368e0: 6620 6e6f 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2069 7320 f no keyfile is \n-000368f0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2062 7574 2069 specified, but i\n-00036900: 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 t can be set to \n-00036910: e280 9870 6c61 696e e280 9920 7768 6963 ...plain... whic\n-00036920: 680a 2020 2020 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 h. means tha\n-00036930: 7420 6e6f 2068 6173 6869 6e67 2069 7320 t no hashing is \n-00036940: 646f 6e65 2061 6e64 2073 7563 6820 7061 done and such pa\n-00036950: 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 7573 6564 2064 ssword is used d\n-00036960: 6972 6563 746c 7920 6173 0a20 2020 2020 irectly as. \n-00036970: 6120 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6970 a key... Cip\n-00036980: 6865 7220 e280 982d 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 her ...-c... and\n-00036990: 206b 6579 7369 7a65 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 keysize ...-s..\n-000369a0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 . options specif\n-000369b0: 7920 7468 6520 6369 7068 6572 2061 6c67 y the cipher alg\n-000369c0: 6f72 6974 686d 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 orithm. and \n-000369d0: 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2072 6573 the key size res\n-000369e0: 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 616e 6420 6172 pectively and ar\n-000369f0: 6520 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 6f70 7469 e mandatory opti\n-00036a00: 6f6e 732e 2020 4369 7068 6572 0a20 2020 ons. Cipher. \n-00036a10: 2020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 must be specif\n-00036a20: 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206d 6f64 ied with the mod\n-00036a30: 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 e separated by a\n-00036a40: 2064 6173 6820 2866 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 dash (for examp\n-00036a50: 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6165 732d le,. ...aes-\n-00036a60: 7874 732d 706c 6169 6e36 34e2 8099 292e xts-plain64...).\n-00036a70: 2020 4b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f 7074 696f Key size optio\n-00036a80: 6e20 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7468 n ...-s... is th\n-00036a90: 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 7468 e key size of th\n-00036aa0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6970 6865 7220 696e e. cipher in\n-00036ab0: 2062 6974 732c 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 6265 bits, not to be\n-00036ac0: 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 7769 7468 2074 confused with t\n-00036ad0: 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 he offset of the\n-00036ae0: 206b 6579 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 2069 key data. i\n-00036af0: 6e20 6120 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7370 6563 n a keyfile spec\n-00036b00: 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 ified with the .\n-00036b10: 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 ..-O... option. \n-00036b20: 2049 7420 6d75 7374 206e 6f74 2065 7863 It must not exc\n-00036b30: 6565 640a 2020 2020 2031 3032 3420 6269 eed. 1024 bi\n-00036b40: 7473 2c20 736f 2061 2033 3220 6279 7465 ts, so a 32 byte\n-00036b50: 206b 6579 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7370 key would be sp\n-00036b60: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2032 3536 2062 ecified as 256 b\n-00036b70: 6974 730a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f70 its.. The op\n-00036b80: 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 tional parameter\n-00036b90: 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 ...-S... specif\n-00036ba0: 6965 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 ies encrypted de\n-00036bb0: 7669 6365 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 vice sector size\n-00036bc0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 6d75 7374 2062 .. It must b\n-00036bd0: 6520 6174 206c 6561 7374 2035 3132 2062 e at least 512 b\n-00036be0: 7974 6573 206c 6f6e 6720 2864 6566 6175 ytes long (defau\n-00036bf0: 6c74 2076 616c 7565 2920 616e 6420 6120 lt value) and a \n-00036c00: 706f 7765 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 322e power of. 2.\n-00036c10: 2020 2831 2920 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 706c (1) (*note pl\n-00036c20: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 ainmount-Footnot\n-00036c30: 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2044 6973 6b20 7365 e-1::). Disk se\n-00036c40: 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6520 6973 0a20 2020 ctor size is. \n-00036c50: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 6865 configured whe\n-00036c60: 6e20 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2065 n creating the e\n-00036c70: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2076 6f6c 756d 652e ncrypted volume.\n-00036c80: 2020 4174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a Attempting to.\n-00036c90: 2020 2020 2064 6563 7279 7074 2076 6f6c decrypt vol\n-00036ca0: 756d 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 6469 6666 umes with a diff\n-00036cb0: 6572 656e 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a erent sector siz\n-00036cc0: 6520 7468 616e 2069 7420 7761 7320 6372 e than it was cr\n-00036cd0: 6561 7465 640a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 eated. with \n-00036ce0: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2072 6573 756c 7420 will not result \n-00036cf0: 696e 2061 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 7574 in an error, but\n-00036d00: 2077 696c 6c20 6465 6372 7970 7420 746f will decrypt to\n-00036d10: 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6279 7465 730a 2020 random bytes. \n-00036d20: 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6875 7320 7072 6576 and thus prev\n-00036d30: 656e 7420 6163 6365 7373 696e 6720 7468 ent accessing th\n-00036d40: 6520 766f 6c75 6d65 2028 696e 2073 6f6d e volume (in som\n-00036d50: 6520 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 e cases the file\n-00036d60: 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 system. driv\n-00036d70: 6572 2063 616e 2064 6574 6563 7420 7468 er can detect th\n-00036d80: 6520 7072 6573 656e 6365 206f 6620 6120 e presence of a \n-00036d90: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6275 7420 filesystem, but \n-00036da0: 6e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 0a20 2020 nevertheless. \n-00036db0: 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 6566 7573 6520 746f will refuse to\n-00036dc0: 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7429 2e0a 0a20 2020 mount it)... \n-00036dd0: 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206e 6577 By default new\n-00036de0: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 plainmount devi\n-00036df0: 6365 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6769 7665 ces will be give\n-00036e00: 6e20 6120 5555 4944 2073 7461 7274 696e n a UUID startin\n-00036e10: 670a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 2731 3039 g. with '109\n-00036e20: 6665 6138 342d 6136 6237 2d33 3461 382d fea84-a6b7-34a8-\n-00036e30: 3462 6431 2d31 6335 3036 3330 3561 3430 4bd1-1c506305a40\n-00036e40: 3127 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 206c 6173 1' where the las\n-00036e50: 7420 6469 6769 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6172 t digits. ar\n-00036e60: 6520 696e 6372 656d 656e 7465 6420 6279 e incremented by\n-00036e70: 206f 6e65 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 706c one for each pl\n-00036e80: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 6564 2064 6576 6963 ainmounted devic\n-00036e90: 6520 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 e beyond the. \n-00036ea0: 2020 6669 7273 7420 7570 2074 6f20 325e first up to 2^\n-00036eb0: 3130 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 10 devices... \n-00036ec0: 2020 416c 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e All encryption\n-00036ed0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6369 7068 arguments (ciph\n-00036ee0: 6572 2c20 6861 7368 2c20 6b65 7920 7369 er, hash, key si\n-00036ef0: 7a65 2c20 6469 736b 206f 6666 7365 7420 ze, disk offset \n-00036f00: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2064 6973 6b20 7365 and. disk se\n-00036f10: 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6529 206d 7573 7420 ctor size) must \n-00036f20: 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 match the parame\n-00036f30: 7465 7273 2075 7365 6420 746f 2063 7265 ters used to cre\n-00036f40: 6174 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 6f6c ate the. vol\n-00036f50: 756d 652e 2020 4966 2061 6e79 206f 6620 ume. If any of \n-00036f60: 7468 656d 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6d61 them does not ma\n-00036f70: 7463 6820 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 2061 tch the actual a\n-00036f80: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2075 7365 640a 2020 rguments used. \n-00036f90: 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 696e during the in\n-00036fa0: 6974 6961 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e itial encryption\n-00036fb0: 2c20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2077 696c , plainmount wil\n-00036fc0: 6c20 6372 6561 7465 2076 6972 7475 616c l create virtual\n-00036fd0: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 . device wit\n-00036fe0: 6820 7468 6520 6761 7262 6167 6520 6461 h the garbage da\n-00036ff0: 7461 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c ta and GRUB will\n-00037000: 2072 6570 6f72 7420 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e0a report unknown.\n-00037010: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 filesystem \n-00037020: 666f 7220 7375 6368 2064 6576 6963 652e for such device.\n-00037030: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00037040: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 nfo, Node: plai\n-00037050: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 nmount-Footnotes\n-00037060: 2c20 2055 703a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e , Up: plainmoun\n-00037070: 740a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e t.. (1) Curren\n-00037080: 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e t implementation\n-00037090: 206f 6620 6372 7970 7473 6574 7570 2073 of cryptsetup s\n-000370a0: 7570 706f 7274 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a35 3132 upports only.512\n-000370b0: 2f31 3032 342f 3230 3438 2f34 3039 3620 /1024/2048/4096 \n-000370c0: 6279 7465 2073 6563 746f 7273 0a0a 1f0a byte sectors....\n-000370d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000370e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 204e Node: play, N\n-000370f0: 6578 743a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 ext: probe, Pre\n-00037100: 763a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 v: plainmount, \n-00037110: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00037120: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00037130: 3537 2070 6c61 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 57 play.--------\n-00037140: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00037150: 643a 2070 6c61 7920 6669 6c65 207c 2074 d: play file | t\n-00037160: 656d 706f 205b 7069 7463 6831 2064 7572 empo [pitch1 dur\n-00037170: 6174 696f 6e31 5d20 5b70 6974 6368 3220 ation1] [pitch2 \n-00037180: 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 325d 202e 2e2e 0a20 duration2] .... \n-00037190: 2020 2020 506c 6179 7320 6120 7475 6e65 Plays a tune\n-000371a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 .. If the ar\n-000371b0: 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6669 6c65 gument is a file\n-000371c0: 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c name (*note Fil\n-000371d0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 e name syntax::)\n-000371e0: 2c20 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 , play the. \n-000371f0: 7475 6e65 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 696e tune recorded in\n-00037200: 2069 742e 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 2066 it. The file f\n-00037210: 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 2066 6972 7374 2074 ormat is first t\n-00037220: 6865 2074 656d 706f 2061 7320 616e 0a20 he tempo as an. \n-00037230: 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2033 3262 unsigned 32b\n-00037240: 6974 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e it little-endian\n-00037250: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 7061 number, then pa\n-00037260: 6972 7320 6f66 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 irs of unsigned \n-00037270: 3136 6269 740a 2020 2020 206c 6974 746c 16bit. littl\n-00037280: 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 7273 e-endian numbers\n-00037290: 2066 6f72 2070 6974 6368 2061 6e64 2064 for pitch and d\n-000372a0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7061 6972 732e 0a0a uration pairs...\n-000372b0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 If the argu\n-000372c0: 6d65 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6120 7365 7269 ments are a seri\n-000372d0: 6573 206f 6620 6e75 6d62 6572 732c 2070 es of numbers, p\n-000372e0: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 696e 6c69 6e65 2074 lay the inline t\n-000372f0: 756e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 une... The t\n-00037300: 656d 706f 2069 7320 7468 6520 6261 7365 empo is the base\n-00037310: 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 206e 6f74 6520 6475 for all note du\n-00037320: 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 3630 2067 6976 rations. 60 giv\n-00037330: 6573 2061 2031 2d73 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 es a 1-second. \n-00037340: 2020 2062 6173 652c 2031 3230 2067 6976 base, 120 giv\n-00037350: 6573 2061 2068 616c 662d 7365 636f 6e64 es a half-second\n-00037360: 2062 6173 652c 2065 7463 2e20 2050 6974 base, etc. Pit\n-00037370: 6368 6573 2061 7265 2048 7a2e 2020 5365 ches are Hz. Se\n-00037380: 740a 2020 2020 2070 6974 6368 2074 6f20 t. pitch to \n-00037390: 3020 746f 2070 726f 6475 6365 2061 2072 0 to produce a r\n-000373a0: 6573 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 est.....File: gr\n-000373b0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000373c0: 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7264 probe, Next: rd\n-000373d0: 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c 6179 msr, Prev: play\n-000373e0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-000373f0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00037400: 2e34 2e35 3820 7072 6f62 650a 2d2d 2d2d .4.58 probe.----\n-00037410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00037420: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7072 6f62 6520 5b2d ommand: probe [-\n-00037430: 2d73 6574 2076 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 -set var]. \n-00037440: 2020 2020 2d2d 6472 6976 6572 7c2d 2d70 --driver|--p\n-00037450: 6172 746d 6170 7c2d 2d66 737c 2d2d 6673 artmap|--fs|--fs\n-00037460: 2d75 7569 647c 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c 2d2d -uuid|--label|--\n-00037470: 7061 7274 2d75 7569 6420 6465 7669 6365 part-uuid device\n-00037480: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2064 . Retrieve d\n-00037490: 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f evice informatio\n-000374a0: 6e2e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 n. If option ..\n-000374b0: 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 .--set... is giv\n-000374c0: 656e 2c20 6173 7369 676e 0a20 2020 2020 en, assign. \n-000374d0: 7265 7375 6c74 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6162 result to variab\n-000374e0: 6c65 2056 4152 2c20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 le VAR, otherwis\n-000374f0: 6520 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 e print informat\n-00037500: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 ion on the scree\n-00037510: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7074 n... The opt\n-00037520: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d70 6172 742d 7575 ion ...--part-uu\n-00037530: 6964 e280 9920 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 id... is current\n-00037540: 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 696d 706c 656d 656e ly only implemen\n-00037550: 7465 6420 666f 7220 4d53 444f 530a 2020 ted for MSDOS. \n-00037560: 2020 2061 6e64 2047 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 and GPT forma\n-00037570: 7474 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 tted disks.....F\n-00037580: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00037590: 204e 6f64 653a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 204e Node: rdmsr, N\n-000375a0: 6578 743a 2072 6561 642c 2020 5072 6576 ext: read, Prev\n-000375b0: 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : probe, Up: Co\n-000375c0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-000375d0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3539 2072 646d nds..17.4.59 rdm\n-000375e0: 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sr.-------------\n-000375f0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 .. -- Command:: \n-00037600: 7264 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 205b 2d76 rdmsr 0xADDR [-v\n-00037610: 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 VARNAME]. R\n-00037620: 6561 6420 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 ead a model-spec\n-00037630: 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 6174 ific register at\n-00037640: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2030 7841 4444 522e address 0xADDR.\n-00037650: 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 If the paramete\n-00037660: 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 r. ...-v... \n-00037670: 6973 2075 7365 6420 616e 6420 616e 2065 is used and an e\n-00037680: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00037690: 626c 6520 5641 524e 414d 4520 6973 2067 ble VARNAME is g\n-000376a0: 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 0a20 iven, set that. \n-000376b0: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 environment \n-000376c0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 variable to the \n-000376d0: 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2077 6173 2072 value that was r\n-000376e0: 6561 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 ead... Pleas\n-000376f0: 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 e note that on S\n-00037700: 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7265 6164 MP systems, read\n-00037710: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 204d 5352 2074 ing from a MSR t\n-00037720: 6861 7420 6861 7320 610a 2020 2020 2073 hat has a. s\n-00037730: 636f 7065 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 6172 cope per hardwar\n-00037740: 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c 6965 e thread, implie\n-00037750: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 s that the value\n-00037760: 2074 6861 7420 6973 2072 6574 7572 6e65 that is returne\n-00037770: 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6170 706c d. only appl\n-00037780: 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 ies to the parti\n-00037790: 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 cular cpu/core/t\n-000377a0: 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 hread that runs \n-000377b0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the. command\n-000377c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 ... Also, if\n-000377d0: 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 you specify a r\n-000377e0: 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 eserved or unimp\n-000377f0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 lemented MSR add\n-00037800: 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 ress, it. wi\n-00037810: 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 ll cause a gener\n-00037820: 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 al protection ex\n-00037830: 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 ception (which i\n-00037840: 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a s not currently.\n-00037850: 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c being handl\n-00037860: 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 ed) and the syst\n-00037870: 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a em will reboot..\n-00037880: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00037890: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6561 642c fo, Node: read,\n-000378a0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 Next: reboot, \n-000378b0: 2050 7265 763a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 2055 Prev: rdmsr, U\n-000378c0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-000378d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 commands..17.4.6\n-000378e0: 3020 7265 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0 read.---------\n-000378f0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00037900: 3a20 7265 6164 205b 2d73 5d20 5b76 6172 : read [-s] [var\n-00037910: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6c69 ]. Read a li\n-00037920: 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6672 6f6d ne of input from\n-00037930: 2074 6865 2075 7365 722e 2020 4966 2061 the user. If a\n-00037940: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 n environment va\n-00037950: 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 0a20 2020 2020 riable VAR. \n-00037960: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 is given, set th\n-00037970: 6174 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 at environment v\n-00037980: 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c ariable to the l\n-00037990: 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6861 ine of input tha\n-000379a0: 740a 2020 2020 2077 6173 2072 6561 642c t. was read,\n-000379b0: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 with no termina\n-000379c0: 7469 6e67 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 ting newline. I\n-000379d0: 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 f the parameter \n-000379e0: e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 ...-s... is. \n-000379f0: 2075 7365 642c 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7369 used, enable si\n-00037a00: 6c65 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 7768 6572 6520 lent mode where \n-00037a10: 696e 7075 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2070 7269 input is not pri\n-00037a20: 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 nted to the. \n-00037a30: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 terminal.....Fi\n-00037a40: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00037a50: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 204e Node: reboot, N\n-00037a60: 6578 743a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 5072 ext: regexp, Pr\n-00037a70: 6576 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: read, Up: C\n-00037a80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00037a90: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3120 7265 ands..17.4.61 re\n-00037aa0: 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d boot.-----------\n-00037ab0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00037ac0: 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 5265 : reboot. Re\n-00037ad0: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 boot the compute\n-00037ae0: 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 r.....File: grub\n-00037af0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 .info, Node: re\n-00037b00: 6765 7870 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6d6d gexp, Next: rmm\n-00037b10: 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6562 6f6f od, Prev: reboo\n-00037b20: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n-00037b30: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00037b40: 372e 342e 3632 2072 6567 6578 700a 2d2d 7.4.62 regexp.--\n-00037b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00037b60: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6567 6578 - Command: regex\n-00037b70: 7020 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 6e75 6d62 6572 p [--set [number\n-00037b80: 3a5d 7661 725d 2072 6567 6578 7020 7374 :]var] regexp st\n-00037b90: 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 2069 ring. Test i\n-00037ba0: 6620 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 f regular expres\n-00037bb0: 7369 6f6e 2052 4547 4558 5020 6d61 7463 sion REGEXP matc\n-00037bc0: 6865 7320 5354 5249 4e47 2e20 2053 7570 hes STRING. Sup\n-00037bd0: 706f 7274 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6775 ported. regu\n-00037be0: 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 7320 lar expressions \n-00037bf0: 6172 6520 504f 5349 582e 3220 4578 7465 are POSIX.2 Exte\n-00037c00: 6e64 6564 2052 6567 756c 6172 2045 7870 nded Regular Exp\n-00037c10: 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 660a 2020 ressions. If. \n-00037c20: 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 option ...--s\n-00037c30: 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 et... is given, \n-00037c40: 7374 6f72 6520 4e55 4d42 4552 7468 206d store NUMBERth m\n-00037c50: 6174 6368 6564 2073 7562 6578 7072 6573 atched subexpres\n-00037c60: 7369 6f6e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 sion in. var\n-00037c70: 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5375 6265 iable VAR. Sube\n-00037c80: 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206e xpressions are n\n-00037c90: 756d 6265 7265 6420 696e 206f 7264 6572 umbered in order\n-00037ca0: 206f 6620 7468 6569 720a 2020 2020 206f of their. o\n-00037cb0: 7065 6e69 6e67 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 pening parenthes\n-00037cc0: 6573 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d es starting from\n-00037cd0: 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2e20 204e 554d 4245 ...1.... NUMBE\n-00037ce0: 5220 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 e280 R defaults to ..\n-00037cf0: 9831 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 .1........File: \n-00037d00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00037d10: 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : rmmod, Next: \n-00037d20: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a save_env, Prev:\n-00037d30: 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f regexp, Up: Co\n-00037d40: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00037d50: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3633 2072 6d6d nds..17.4.63 rmm\n-00037d60: 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d od.-------------\n-00037d70: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 .. -- Command: r\n-00037d80: 6d6d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 mmod module. \n-00037d90: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6c6f 6164 6564 Remove a loaded\n-00037da0: 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 MODULE.....File\n-00037db0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00037dc0: 6465 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e de: save_env, N\n-00037dd0: 6578 743a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 5072 ext: search, Pr\n-00037de0: 6576 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: rmmod, Up: \n-00037df0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00037e00: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3634 2073 mands..17.4.64 s\n-00037e10: 6176 655f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ave_env.--------\n-00037e20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00037e30: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6176 655f 656e 7620 mmand: save_env \n-00037e40: 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 5d20 7661 [--file file] va\n-00037e50: 7220 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 r .... Save \n-00037e60: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7661 7269 6162 the named variab\n-00037e70: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6e76 les from the env\n-00037e80: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ironment to the \n-00037e90: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 environment. \n-00037ea0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e block file. *N\n-00037eb0: 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ote Environment \n-00037ec0: 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 block::... T\n-00037ed0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 he ...--file... \n-00037ee0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 option overrides\n-00037ef0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 the default loc\n-00037f00: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ation of the. \n-00037f10: 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c environment bl\n-00037f20: 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ock... This \n-00037f30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 206f 7065 command will ope\n-00037f40: 7261 7465 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c rate successfull\n-00037f50: 7920 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 y even when envi\n-00037f60: 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2076 6172 ronment. var\n-00037f70: 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 iable ...check_s\n-00037f80: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 ignatures... is \n-00037f90: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 set to ...enforc\n-00037fa0: 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 e... (*note. \n-00037fb0: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n-00037fc0: 733a 3a29 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 2077 s::), since it w\n-00037fd0: 7269 7465 7320 746f 2064 6973 6b20 616e rites to disk an\n-00037fe0: 6420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 d does not alter\n-00037ff0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6265 6861 7669 the. behavi\n-00038000: 6f72 206f 6620 4752 5542 2062 6173 6564 or of GRUB based\n-00038010: 206f 6e20 616e 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 on any contents\n-00038020: 206f 6620 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 6861 of disk that ha\n-00038030: 7665 2062 6565 6e20 7265 6164 2e0a 2020 ve been read.. \n-00038040: 2020 2049 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c It is possibl\n-00038050: 6520 746f 206d 6f64 6966 7920 6120 6469 e to modify a di\n-00038060: 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2065 gitally signed e\n-00038070: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n-00038080: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d20 file. from \n-00038090: 7769 7468 696e 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e within GRUB usin\n-000380a0: 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 g this command, \n-000380b0: 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 7369 such that its si\n-000380c0: 676e 6174 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 gnature will. \n-000380d0: 2020 6e6f 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 6265 2076 no longer be v\n-000380e0: 616c 6964 206f 6e20 7375 6273 6571 7565 alid on subseque\n-000380f0: 6e74 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 2043 6172 6520 nt boots. Care \n-00038100: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7461 6b65 6e20 should be taken \n-00038110: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 2061 6476 in. such adv\n-00038120: 616e 6365 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 anced configurat\n-00038130: 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7265 ions to avoid re\n-00038140: 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7468 6520 7379 7374 ndering the syst\n-00038150: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 756e 626f 6f74 6162 em. unbootab\n-00038160: 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 le. *Note Using\n-00038170: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n-00038180: 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a res::, for more.\n-00038190: 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e information\n-000381a0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000381b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6561 info, Node: sea\n-000381c0: 7263 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 6e64 rch, Next: send\n-000381d0: 6b65 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7361 7665 key, Prev: save\n-000381e0: 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 _env, Up: Comma\n-000381f0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00038200: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3520 7365 6172 6368 ..17.4.65 search\n-00038210: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-00038220: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 . -- Command: se\n-00038230: 6172 6368 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 7c2d 2d6c arch [--file|--l\n-00038240: 6162 656c 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 5d20 abel|--fs-uuid] \n-00038250: 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 7661 725d 5d0a 2020 [--set [var]]. \n-00038260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 666c [--no-fl\n-00038270: 6f70 7079 7c2d 2d65 6669 6469 736b 2d6f oppy|--efidisk-o\n-00038280: 6e6c 795d 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2053 nly] name. S\n-00038290: 6561 7263 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 earch devices by\n-000382a0: 2066 696c 6520 28e2 8098 2d66 e280 992c file (...-f...,\n-000382b0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9929 2c20 ...--file...), \n-000382c0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c 6162 656c filesystem label\n-000382d0: 2028 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 (...-l...,. \n-000382e0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 292c ...--label...),\n-000382f0: 206f 7220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 or filesystem U\n-00038300: 5549 4420 28e2 8098 2d75 e280 992c 20e2 UID (...-u..., .\n-00038310: 8098 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 292e ..--fs-uuid...).\n-00038320: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 28e2 .. If the (.\n-00038330: 8098 2d73 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 ..-s..., ...--se\n-00038340: 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 t...) option is \n-00038350: 7573 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 used, the first \n-00038360: 6465 7669 6365 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 730a device found is.\n-00038370: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2061 7320 7468 6520 set as the \n-00038380: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e value of environ\n-00038390: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 ment variable VA\n-000383a0: 522e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 R. The default \n-000383b0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6973 variable. is\n-000383c0: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 ...root...... \n-000383d0: 2020 2054 6865 2028 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 The (...-n...\n-000383e0: 2c20 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 , ...--no-floppy\n-000383f0: e280 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 6576 ...) option prev\n-00038400: 656e 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 2066 ents searching f\n-00038410: 6c6f 7070 7920 6465 7669 6365 732c 0a20 loppy devices,. \n-00038420: 2020 2020 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 which can be\n-00038430: 2073 6c6f 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 slow... The\n-00038440: 2028 e280 982d 2d65 6669 6469 736b 2d6f (...--efidisk-o\n-00038450: 6e6c 79e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2070 nly...) option p\n-00038460: 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7365 6172 6368 696e revents searchin\n-00038470: 6720 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6465 7669 g any other devi\n-00038480: 6365 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 4546 ces. then EF\n-00038490: 4920 6469 736b 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 I disks. This i\n-000384a0: 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 s typically used\n-000384b0: 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 when chainloadi\n-000384c0: 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 ng to local. \n-000384d0: 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a EFI partition..\n-000384e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6561 . The ...sea\n-000384f0: 7263 682e 6669 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 8098 rch.file..., ...\n-00038500: 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f 6c61 6265 6ce2 search.fs_label.\n-00038510: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 .., and ...searc\n-00038520: 682e 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d h.fs_uuid... com\n-00038530: 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2061 mands. are a\n-00038540: 6c69 6173 6573 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 liases for ...se\n-00038550: 6172 6368 202d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 arch --file..., \n-00038560: e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 6c61 6265 ...search --labe\n-00038570: 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 l..., and ...sea\n-00038580: 7263 680a 2020 2020 202d 2d66 732d 7575 rch. --fs-uu\n-00038590: 6964 e280 9920 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 id... respective\n-000385a0: 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2068 ly... Also h\n-000385b0: 696e 7473 2061 7320 746f 2077 6869 6368 ints as to which\n-000385c0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2074 device may be t\n-000385d0: 6865 206d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 2074 he most likely t\n-000385e0: 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 7468 650a 2020 o contain the. \n-000385f0: 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7365 6172 6368 6564 item searched\n-00038600: 2066 6f72 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 for may be give\n-00038610: 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 28e2 8098 2d68 n via the (...-h\n-00038620: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 e280 ..., ...--hint..\n-00038630: 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 7468 0a20 .) option with. \n-00038640: 2020 2020 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d a device nam\n-00038650: 6520 6173 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 e as an argument\n-00038660: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 . If the argume\n-00038670: 6e74 2065 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 2063 nt ends with a c\n-00038680: 6f6d 6d61 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 omma,. then \n-00038690: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 7468 partitions on th\n-000386a0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2061 7265 2061 6c73 e device are als\n-000386b0: 6f20 7365 6172 6368 6564 2e20 2046 7572 o searched. Fur\n-000386c0: 7468 6572 6d6f 7265 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 thermore,. p\n-000386d0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7370 6563 6966 6963 latform specific\n-000386e0: 2068 696e 7473 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 hints may be gi\n-000386f0: 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 6f70 7469 ven via the opti\n-00038700: 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 ons. ...--hi\n-00038710: 6e74 2d69 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 2c20 nt-ieee1275..., \n-00038720: e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6269 6f73 e280 ...--hint-bios..\n-00038730: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d62 6172 ., ...--hint-bar\n-00038740: 656d 6574 616c e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d emetal..., ...--\n-00038750: 6869 6e74 2d65 6669 e280 992c 0a20 2020 hint-efi...,. \n-00038760: 2020 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d and ...--hint-\n-00038770: 6172 63e2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7370 arc.... When sp\n-00038780: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 7365 206f ecified, these o\n-00038790: 7074 696f 6e73 2074 616b 6520 616e 2061 ptions take an a\n-000387a0: 7267 756d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 rgument. and\n-000387b0: 206f 7065 7261 7465 206c 696b 6520 e280 operate like ..\n-000387c0: 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 2c20 6275 7420 .--hint..., but \n-000387d0: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 only on the spec\n-000387e0: 6966 6965 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a ified platform..\n-000387f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00038800: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 646b fo, Node: sendk\n-00038810: 6579 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6574 2c20 ey, Next: set, \n-00038820: 2050 7265 763a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 Prev: search, \n-00038830: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00038840: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00038850: 3636 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 66 sendkey.-----\n-00038860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00038870: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 656e 646b 6579 Command: sendkey\n-00038880: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6e75 . [--nu\n-00038890: 6d7c 2d2d 6361 7073 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c m|--caps|--scrol\n-000388a0: 6c7c 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 7c2d 2d70 6175 l|--insert|--pau\n-000388b0: 7365 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 7368 6966 747c se|--left-shift|\n-000388c0: 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 7368 6966 747c 2d2d --right-shift|--\n-000388d0: 7379 7372 717c 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 7c2d sysrq|--numkey|-\n-000388e0: 2d63 6170 736b 6579 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c -capskey|--scrol\n-000388f0: 6c6b 6579 7c2d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b 6579 lkey|--insertkey\n-00038900: 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 7269 |--left-alt|--ri\n-00038910: 6768 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 6c65 6674 2d63 ght-alt|--left-c\n-00038920: 7472 6c7c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 6374 726c trl|--right-ctrl\n-00038930: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6e7c 6f66 . on|of\n-00038940: 665d 2e2e 2e20 5b6e 6f2d 6c65 645d 206b f]... [no-led] k\n-00038950: 6579 7374 726f 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 496e eystroke. In\n-00038960: 7365 7274 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 sert keystrokes \n-00038970: 696e 746f 2074 6865 206b 6579 626f 6172 into the keyboar\n-00038980: 6420 6275 6666 6572 2077 6865 6e20 626f d buffer when bo\n-00038990: 6f74 696e 672e 2020 536f 6d65 7469 6d65 oting. Sometime\n-000389a0: 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 s. an operat\n-000389b0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 6368 ing system or ch\n-000389c0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 6420 626f 6f74 206c ainloaded boot l\n-000389d0: 6f61 6465 7220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2070 oader requires p\n-000389e0: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 206b articular. k\n-000389f0: 6579 7320 746f 2062 6520 7072 6573 7365 eys to be presse\n-00038a00: 643a 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 d: for example, \n-00038a10: 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 6e65 6564 2074 one might need t\n-00038a20: 6f20 7072 6573 7320 610a 2020 2020 2070 o press a. p\n-00038a30: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6b65 7920 746f articular key to\n-00038a40: 2065 6e74 6572 2022 7361 6665 206d 6f64 enter \"safe mod\n-00038a50: 6522 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 e\", or when chai\n-00038a60: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 nloading another\n-00038a70: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 . boot loade\n-00038a80: 7220 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 7365 6e64 r one might send\n-00038a90: 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 746f 2069 keystrokes to i\n-00038aa0: 7420 746f 206e 6176 6967 6174 6520 6974 t to navigate it\n-00038ab0: 7320 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f s menu... No\n-00038ac0: 7465 3a20 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 te: This command\n-00038ad0: 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e is currently on\n-00038ae0: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 ly available on \n-00038af0: 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 630a 2020 2020 the i386-pc. \n-00038b00: 2074 6172 6765 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2059 target... Y\n-00038b10: 6f75 206d 6179 2070 726f 7669 6465 2075 ou may provide u\n-00038b20: 7020 746f 2031 3620 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b p to 16 keystrok\n-00038b30: 6573 2028 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f es (the length o\n-00038b40: 6620 7468 6520 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 f the BIOS. \n-00038b50: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 7229 keyboard buffer)\n-00038b60: 2e20 204b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 206e 616d . Keystroke nam\n-00038b70: 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 7570 7065 722d es may be upper-\n-00038b80: 6361 7365 206f 7220 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 case or lower-ca\n-00038b90: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7474 6572 732c se. letters,\n-00038ba0: 2064 6967 6974 732c 206f 7220 7461 6b65 digits, or take\n-00038bb0: 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f n from the follo\n-00038bc0: 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 wing table:.. \n-00038bd0: 2020 4e61 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Name \n+000353c0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+000353d0: 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2020 2020 nativedisk. \n+000353e0: 2053 7769 7463 6820 6672 6f6d 2066 6972 Switch from fir\n+000353f0: 6d77 6172 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 mware disk drive\n+00035400: 7273 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 206f 6e65 rs to native one\n+00035410: 732e 2020 5265 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6675 s. Really usefu\n+00035420: 6c0a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 l. only on p\n+00035430: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2062 latforms where b\n+00035440: 6f74 6820 6669 726d 7761 7265 2061 6e64 oth firmware and\n+00035450: 206e 6174 6976 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 native disk dri\n+00035460: 7665 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2061 7661 ves are. ava\n+00035470: 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 ilable. Current\n+00035480: 6c79 2069 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 ly i386-pc, i386\n+00035490: 2d65 6669 2c20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 -efi, i386-ieee1\n+000354a0: 3237 3520 616e 640a 2020 2020 2078 3836 275 and. x86\n+000354b0: 5f36 342d 6566 692e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 _64-efi.....File\n+000354c0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000354d0: 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 de: normal, Nex\n+000354e0: 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 t: normal_exit, \n+000354f0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 Prev: nativedis\n+00035500: 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d k, Up: Command-\n+00035510: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00035520: 372e 342e 3531 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 7.4.51 normal.--\n+00035530: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00035540: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 - Command: norma\n+00035550: 6c20 5b66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 456e l [file]. En\n+00035560: 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 ter normal mode \n+00035570: 616e 6420 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 and display the \n+00035580: 4752 5542 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 GRUB menu... \n+00035590: 2049 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c In normal mode,\n+000355a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2066 696c 6573 commands, files\n+000355b0: 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 ystem modules, a\n+000355c0: 6e64 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 790a nd cryptography.\n+000355d0: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 modules are\n+000355e0: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 206c automatically l\n+000355f0: 6f61 6465 642c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 oaded, and the f\n+00035600: 756c 6c20 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 ull GRUB script \n+00035610: 7061 7273 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 parser. is a\n+00035620: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 vailable. Other\n+00035630: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 modules may be \n+00035640: 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 explicitly loade\n+00035650: 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 d using. ...\n+00035660: 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 insmod... (*note\n+00035670: 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 insmod::)... \n+00035680: 2020 4966 2061 2046 494c 4520 6973 2067 If a FILE is g\n+00035690: 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 iven, then comma\n+000356a0: 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 nds will be read\n+000356b0: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6174 2066 696c 652e from that file.\n+000356c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c . Otherwise,\n+000356d0: 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 they will be re\n+000356e0: 6164 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9824 7072 6566 ad from ...$pref\n+000356f0: 6978 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 ix/grub.cfg... i\n+00035700: 6620 6974 2065 7869 7374 732e 0a0a 2020 f it exists... \n+00035710: 2020 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 ...normal... \n+00035720: 6d61 7920 6265 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6672 may be called fr\n+00035730: 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c om within normal\n+00035740: 206d 6f64 652c 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 mode, creating \n+00035750: 6120 6e65 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 656e a nested. en\n+00035760: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 4974 2069 vironment. It i\n+00035770: 7320 6d6f 7265 2075 7375 616c 2074 6f20 s more usual to \n+00035780: 7573 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c use ...configfil\n+00035790: 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 e... (*note. \n+000357a0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2066 configfile::) f\n+000357b0: 6f72 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 or this.....File\n+000357c0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000357d0: 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c de: normal_exit,\n+000357e0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c Next: parttool\n+000357f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c , Prev: normal,\n+00035800: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00035810: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00035820: 342e 3532 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 4.52 normal_exit\n+00035830: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00035840: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00035850: 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a20 d: normal_exit. \n+00035860: 2020 2020 4578 6974 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 Exit normal \n+00035870: 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d mode (*note norm\n+00035880: 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 al::). If this \n+00035890: 696e 7374 616e 6365 206f 6620 6e6f 726d instance of norm\n+000358a0: 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2077 6173 al mode. was\n+000358b0: 206e 6f74 206e 6573 7465 6420 7769 7468 not nested with\n+000358c0: 696e 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206f 6e65 2c20 in another one, \n+000358d0: 7468 656e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2072 then return to r\n+000358e0: 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 escue mode.....F\n+000358f0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00035900: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c Node: parttool,\n+00035910: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 Next: password\n+00035920: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f , Prev: normal_\n+00035930: 6578 6974 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 exit, Up: Comma\n+00035940: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00035950: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3320 7061 7274 746f ..17.4.53 partto\n+00035960: 6f6c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ol.-------------\n+00035970: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00035980: 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2070 6172 7469 : parttool parti\n+00035990: 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 tion commands. \n+000359a0: 2020 204d 616b 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 Make various \n+000359b0: 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 746f modifications to\n+000359c0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 partition table\n+000359d0: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 entries... \n+000359e0: 4561 6368 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 2069 7320 Each COMMAND is \n+000359f0: 6569 7468 6572 2061 2062 6f6f 6c65 616e either a boolean\n+00035a00: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 option, in whic\n+00035a10: 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 h case it must b\n+00035a20: 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 e. followed \n+00035a30: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 206f 7220 with ...+... or \n+00035a40: e280 982d e280 9920 2877 6974 6820 6e6f ...-... (with no\n+00035a50: 2069 6e74 6572 7665 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 intervening spa\n+00035a60: 6365 2920 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6f72 ce) to enable or\n+00035a70: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 . disable th\n+00035a80: 6174 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 656c at option, or el\n+00035a90: 7365 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 6120 7661 se it takes a va\n+00035aa0: 6c75 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d0a lue in the form.\n+00035ab0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 434f 4d4d 414e 443d ...COMMAND=\n+00035ac0: 5641 4c55 45e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 VALUE...... \n+00035ad0: 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c 20e2 8098 7061 Currently, ...pa\n+00035ae0: 7274 746f 6f6c e280 9920 6973 206f 6e6c rttool... is onl\n+00035af0: 7920 7573 6566 756c 206f 6e20 444f 5320 y useful on DOS \n+00035b00: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 partition tables\n+00035b10: 2028 616c 736f 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 (also. know\n+00035b20: 6e20 6173 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 n as Master Boot\n+00035b30: 2052 6563 6f72 642c 206f 7220 4d42 5229 Record, or MBR)\n+00035b40: 2e20 4f6e 2074 6865 7365 2070 6172 7469 . On these parti\n+00035b50: 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 732c 0a20 2020 tion tables,. \n+00035b60: 2020 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 the following \n+00035b70: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 7661 commands are ava\n+00035b80: 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ilable:.. ..\n+00035b90: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 626f 6f6c 6561 .boot... (boolea\n+00035ba0: 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 n). Whe\n+00035bb0: 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6869 7320 n enabled, this \n+00035bc0: 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 makes the select\n+00035bd0: 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6520 ed partition be \n+00035be0: 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 the active. \n+00035bf0: 2020 2020 2028 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2920 (bootable) \n+00035c00: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 7473 partition on its\n+00035c10: 2064 6973 6b2c 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 disk, clearing \n+00035c20: 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2066 6c61 6720 the active flag \n+00035c30: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c6c on. all\n+00035c40: 206f 7468 6572 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e other partition\n+00035c50: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s. This command\n+00035c60: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 205f is limited to _\n+00035c70: 7072 696d 6172 795f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 primary_. \n+00035c80: 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a partitions...\n+00035c90: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7479 7065 e280 9920 ...type... \n+00035ca0: 2876 616c 7565 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 (value). \n+00035cb0: 2020 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2074 7970 Change the typ\n+00035cc0: 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 e of an existing\n+00035cd0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 partition. The\n+00035ce0: 2076 616c 7565 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 value must be a\n+00035cf0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 . numbe\n+00035d00: 7220 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 r in the range 0\n+00035d10: 2d30 7846 4620 2870 7265 6669 7820 7769 -0xFF (prefix wi\n+00035d20: 7468 20e2 8098 3078 e280 9920 746f 2065 th ...0x... to e\n+00035d30: 6e74 6572 2069 7420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 nter it in. \n+00035d40: 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c hexadecimal\n+00035d50: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6869 6464 )... ...hidd\n+00035d60: 656e e280 9920 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a en... (boolean).\n+00035d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5768 656e 2065 When e\n+00035d80: 6e61 626c 6564 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6964 nabled, this hid\n+00035d90: 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 es the selected \n+00035da0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2073 6574 partition by set\n+00035db0: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ting the. \n+00035dc0: 2020 20e2 809c 6869 6464 656e e280 9d20 ...hidden... \n+00035dd0: 6269 7420 696e 2069 7473 2070 6172 7469 bit in its parti\n+00035de0: 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 tion type code; \n+00035df0: 7768 656e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 642c 0a20 when disabled,. \n+00035e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e68 6964 6573 unhides\n+00035e10: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 the selected pa\n+00035e20: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2063 6c65 6172 rtition by clear\n+00035e30: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2062 6974 2e20 2054 ing this bit. T\n+00035e40: 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 his is. \n+00035e50: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 useful only whe\n+00035e60: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 444f 5320 6f72 n booting DOS or\n+00035e70: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2061 6e64 206d 756c Windows and mul\n+00035e80: 7469 706c 6520 7072 696d 6172 790a 2020 tiple primary. \n+00035e90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4641 5420 7061 7274 FAT part\n+00035ea0: 6974 696f 6e73 2065 7869 7374 2069 6e20 itions exist in \n+00035eb0: 6f6e 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2053 6565 2061 one disk. See a\n+00035ec0: 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 lso *note. \n+00035ed0: 2020 2020 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a DOS/Windows:\n+00035ee0: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00035ef0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 .info, Node: pa\n+00035f00: 7373 776f 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 ssword, Next: p\n+00035f10: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 assword_pbkdf2, \n+00035f20: 2050 7265 763a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c Prev: parttool,\n+00035f30: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00035f40: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00035f50: 342e 3534 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2d2d 4.54 password.--\n+00035f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00035f70: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6173 -- Command: pas\n+00035f80: 7377 6f72 6420 7573 6572 2063 6c65 6172 sword user clear\n+00035f90: 2d70 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2020 2020 2044 -password. D\n+00035fa0: 6566 696e 6520 6120 7573 6572 206e 616d efine a user nam\n+00035fb0: 6564 2055 5345 5220 7769 7468 2070 6173 ed USER with pas\n+00035fc0: 7377 6f72 6420 434c 4541 522d 5041 5353 sword CLEAR-PASS\n+00035fd0: 574f 5244 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 WORD. *Note. \n+00035fe0: 2020 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f Security::....\n+00035ff0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00036000: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 , Node: passwor\n+00036010: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a d_pbkdf2, Next:\n+00036020: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 plainmount, Pr\n+00036030: 6576 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2055 ev: password, U\n+00036040: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00036050: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 commands..17.4.5\n+00036060: 3520 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 5 password_pbkdf\n+00036070: 320a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2.--------------\n+00036080: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00036090: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 ommand: password\n+000360a0: 5f70 626b 6466 3220 7573 6572 2068 6173 _pbkdf2 user has\n+000360b0: 6865 642d 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 hed-password. \n+000360c0: 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 Define a user \n+000360d0: 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 named USER with \n+000360e0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6820 4841 password hash HA\n+000360f0: 5348 4544 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 SHED-PASSWORD. \n+00036100: 5573 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 Use. ...grub\n+00036110: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n+00036120: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n+00036130: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing grub-mkpassw\n+00036140: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 0a20 d-pbkdf2::) to. \n+00036150: 2020 2020 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 generate pas\n+00036160: 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2e20 202a sword hashes. *\n+00036170: 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e Note Security::.\n+00036180: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00036190: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 nfo, Node: plai\n+000361a0: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 nmount, Next: p\n+000361b0: 6c61 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7373 lay, Prev: pass\n+000361c0: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5570 word_pbkdf2, Up\n+000361d0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+000361e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3536 ommands..17.4.56\n+000361f0: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 2d2d 2d2d plainmount.----\n+00036200: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00036210: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6c61 -- Command: pla\n+00036220: 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 6365 202d inmount device -\n+00036230: 6320 6369 7068 6572 202d 7320 6b65 7920 c cipher -s key \n+00036240: 7369 7a65 205b 2d68 2068 6173 685d 0a20 size [-h hash]. \n+00036250: 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7365 [...-S... se\n+00036260: 6374 6f72 2073 697a 655d 205b e280 982d ctor size] [...-\n+00036270: 70e2 8099 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645d 205b p... password] [\n+00036280: e280 982d 75e2 8099 2075 7569 645d 205b ...-u... uuid] [\n+00036290: 5be2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 6b65 7966 696c [...-d... keyfil\n+000362a0: 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d4f e280 e]. [...-O..\n+000362b0: 9920 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6f66 6673 6574 . keyfile offset\n+000362c0: 5d5d 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 ]].. Setup a\n+000362d0: 6363 6573 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e63 ccess to the enc\n+000362e0: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e rypted device in\n+000362f0: 2070 6c61 696e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4f66 plain mode. Of\n+00036300: 6673 6574 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 fset of the. \n+00036310: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6174 6120 encrypted data \n+00036320: 6174 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 at the device is\n+00036330: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7465 specified in te\n+00036340: 726d 7320 6f66 2035 3132 2062 7974 650a rms of 512 byte.\n+00036350: 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f 7273 2075 7369 sectors usi\n+00036360: 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 ng the blocklist\n+00036370: 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 syntax and loop\n+00036380: 6261 636b 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 back device. Th\n+00036390: 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 e. following\n+000363a0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2073 686f 7773 2068 example shows h\n+000363b0: 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 314d ow to specify 1M\n+000363c0: 6942 206f 6666 7365 743a 0a0a 2020 2020 iB offset:.. \n+000363d0: 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 206e loopback n\n+000363e0: 6f64 6520 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 3230 ode (hd0,gpt1)20\n+000363f0: 3438 2b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 48+. pl\n+00036400: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 206e 6f64 6520 2e2e ainmount node ..\n+00036410: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9870 ... The ...p\n+00036420: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d lainmount... com\n+00036430: 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 mand can be used\n+00036440: 2074 6f20 6f70 656e 204c 554b 5320 656e to open LUKS en\n+00036450: 6372 7970 7465 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 0a20 crypted volume. \n+00036460: 2020 2020 6966 2069 7473 206d 6173 7465 if its maste\n+00036470: 7220 6b65 7920 616e 6420 7061 7261 6d65 r key and parame\n+00036480: 7465 7273 2028 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 ters (key size, \n+00036490: 6369 7068 6572 2c20 6f66 6673 6574 2c20 cipher, offset, \n+000364a0: 6574 6329 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 6b6e etc). are kn\n+000364b0: 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 own... There\n+000364c0: 2061 7265 2074 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f are two ways to\n+000364d0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2070 6173 7377 specify a passw\n+000364e0: 6f72 643a 2061 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2061 ord: a keyfile a\n+000364f0: 6e64 2061 2073 6563 7265 740a 2020 2020 nd a secret. \n+00036500: 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 2020 5468 passphrase. Th\n+00036510: 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7061 7468 2070 e keyfile path p\n+00036520: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2068 6173 2068 6967 arameter has hig\n+00036530: 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 7479 2074 6861 her priority tha\n+00036540: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6563 7265 n. the secre\n+00036550: 7420 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2070 6172 t passphrase par\n+00036560: 616d 6574 6572 2061 6e64 2069 7320 7370 ameter and is sp\n+00036570: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 ecified with the\n+00036580: 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 option. ...\n+00036590: 2d64 e280 992e 2020 5061 7373 776f 7264 -d.... Password\n+000365a0: 2064 6174 6120 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2066 data obtained f\n+000365b0: 726f 6d20 6b65 7966 696c 6573 2069 7320 rom keyfiles is \n+000365c0: 6e6f 7420 6861 7368 6564 2061 6e64 2069 not hashed and i\n+000365d0: 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 s. used dire\n+000365e0: 6374 6c79 2061 7320 6120 6369 7068 6572 ctly as a cipher\n+000365f0: 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e key. An option\n+00036600: 616c 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2070 6173 al offset of pas\n+00036610: 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 sword data. \n+00036620: 696e 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2063 in the keyfile c\n+00036630: 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 an be specified \n+00036640: 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 with the option \n+00036650: e280 982d 4fe2 8099 206f 7220 6469 7265 ...-O... or dire\n+00036660: 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 ctly. with t\n+00036670: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 64e2 he option ...-d.\n+00036680: 8099 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 626c 6f63 .. and GRUB bloc\n+00036690: 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 6966 klist syntax, if\n+000366a0: 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2064 6174 the keyfile dat\n+000366b0: 610a 2020 2020 2063 616e 2062 6520 6163 a. can be ac\n+000366c0: 6365 7373 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6465 cessed from a de\n+000366d0: 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2069 7320 3531 3220 vice and is 512 \n+000366e0: 6279 7465 2061 6c69 676e 6564 2e20 2054 byte aligned. T\n+000366f0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e he. followin\n+00036700: 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 7368 6f77 7320 g example shows \n+00036710: 626f 7468 206d 6574 686f 6473 2074 6f20 both methods to \n+00036720: 7370 6563 6966 7920 7061 7373 776f 7264 specify password\n+00036730: 2064 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 data in. th\n+00036740: 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6174 206f 6666 e keyfile at off\n+00036750: 7365 7420 314d 6942 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 set 1MiB:.. \n+00036760: 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 plainmount \n+00036770: 2d64 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 2932 3034 -d (hd0,gpt1)204\n+00036780: 382b 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 8+ .... \n+00036790: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 plainmount -d (\n+000367a0: 6864 302c 6770 7431 292b 202d 4f20 3130 hd0,gpt1)+ -O 10\n+000367b0: 3438 3537 3620 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 48576 ..... \n+000367c0: 4966 206e 6f20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6973 If no keyfile is\n+000367d0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 specified then \n+000367e0: 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 the password is \n+000367f0: 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e set to the strin\n+00036800: 670a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 g. specified\n+00036810: 2062 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d70 by option ...-p\n+00036820: e280 9920 6f72 2069 7320 7265 7175 6573 ... or is reques\n+00036830: 7465 6420 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c ted interactivel\n+00036840: 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 y from the. \n+00036850: 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 496e 2062 6f74 console. In bot\n+00036860: 6820 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 7072 6f76 h cases the prov\n+00036870: 6964 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6973 ided password is\n+00036880: 2068 6173 6865 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 hashed with the\n+00036890: 0a20 2020 2020 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d20 . algorithm \n+000368a0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 2074 6865 specified by the\n+000368b0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 68e2 8099 option ...-h...\n+000368c0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 . This option i\n+000368d0: 7320 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 790a 2020 2020 s mandatory. \n+000368e0: 2069 6620 6e6f 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2069 if no keyfile i\n+000368f0: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2062 7574 s specified, but\n+00036900: 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6574 2074 it can be set t\n+00036910: 6f20 e280 9870 6c61 696e e280 9920 7768 o ...plain... wh\n+00036920: 6963 680a 2020 2020 206d 6561 6e73 2074 ich. means t\n+00036930: 6861 7420 6e6f 2068 6173 6869 6e67 2069 hat no hashing i\n+00036940: 7320 646f 6e65 2061 6e64 2073 7563 6820 s done and such \n+00036950: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 7573 6564 password is used\n+00036960: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6173 0a20 2020 directly as. \n+00036970: 2020 6120 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 a key... C\n+00036980: 6970 6865 7220 e280 982d 63e2 8099 2061 ipher ...-c... a\n+00036990: 6e64 206b 6579 7369 7a65 20e2 8098 2d73 nd keysize ...-s\n+000369a0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 ... options spec\n+000369b0: 6966 7920 7468 6520 6369 7068 6572 2061 ify the cipher a\n+000369c0: 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 0a20 2020 2020 616e lgorithm. an\n+000369d0: 6420 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2072 d the key size r\n+000369e0: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 616e 6420 espectively and \n+000369f0: 6172 6520 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 6f70 are mandatory op\n+00036a00: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4369 7068 6572 0a20 tions. Cipher. \n+00036a10: 2020 2020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7370 6563 must be spec\n+00036a20: 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206d ified with the m\n+00036a30: 6f64 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 ode separated by\n+00036a40: 2061 2064 6173 6820 2866 6f72 2065 7861 a dash (for exa\n+00036a50: 6d70 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6165 mple,. ...ae\n+00036a60: 732d 7874 732d 706c 6169 6e36 34e2 8099 s-xts-plain64...\n+00036a70: 292e 2020 4b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f 7074 ). Key size opt\n+00036a80: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 7320 ion ...-s... is \n+00036a90: 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 the key size of \n+00036aa0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6970 6865 7220 the. cipher \n+00036ab0: 696e 2062 6974 732c 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 in bits, not to \n+00036ac0: 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 7769 7468 be confused with\n+00036ad0: 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2074 the offset of t\n+00036ae0: 6865 206b 6579 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 he key data. \n+00036af0: 2069 6e20 6120 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7370 in a keyfile sp\n+00036b00: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 ecified with the\n+00036b10: 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-O... option\n+00036b20: 2e20 2049 7420 6d75 7374 206e 6f74 2065 . It must not e\n+00036b30: 7863 6565 640a 2020 2020 2031 3032 3420 xceed. 1024 \n+00036b40: 6269 7473 2c20 736f 2061 2033 3220 6279 bits, so a 32 by\n+00036b50: 7465 206b 6579 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 te key would be \n+00036b60: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2032 3536 specified as 256\n+00036b70: 2062 6974 730a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 bits.. The \n+00036b80: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 optional paramet\n+00036b90: 6572 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7370 6563 er ...-S... spec\n+00036ba0: 6966 6965 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 ifies encrypted \n+00036bb0: 6465 7669 6365 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 device sector si\n+00036bc0: 7a65 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 6d75 7374 ze.. It must\n+00036bd0: 2062 6520 6174 206c 6561 7374 2035 3132 be at least 512\n+00036be0: 2062 7974 6573 206c 6f6e 6720 2864 6566 bytes long (def\n+00036bf0: 6175 6c74 2076 616c 7565 2920 616e 6420 ault value) and \n+00036c00: 6120 706f 7765 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 a power of. \n+00036c10: 322e 2020 2831 2920 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 2. (1) (*note \n+00036c20: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e plainmount-Footn\n+00036c30: 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2044 6973 6b20 ote-1::). Disk \n+00036c40: 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6520 6973 0a20 sector size is. \n+00036c50: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 configured w\n+00036c60: 6865 6e20 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2074 6865 hen creating the\n+00036c70: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2076 6f6c 756d encrypted volum\n+00036c80: 652e 2020 4174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 e. Attempting t\n+00036c90: 6f0a 2020 2020 2064 6563 7279 7074 2076 o. decrypt v\n+00036ca0: 6f6c 756d 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 6469 olumes with a di\n+00036cb0: 6666 6572 656e 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2073 fferent sector s\n+00036cc0: 697a 6520 7468 616e 2069 7420 7761 7320 ize than it was \n+00036cd0: 6372 6561 7465 640a 2020 2020 2077 6974 created. wit\n+00036ce0: 6820 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2072 6573 756c h will not resul\n+00036cf0: 7420 696e 2061 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 t in an error, b\n+00036d00: 7574 2077 696c 6c20 6465 6372 7970 7420 ut will decrypt \n+00036d10: 746f 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6279 7465 730a to random bytes.\n+00036d20: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6875 7320 7072 and thus pr\n+00036d30: 6576 656e 7420 6163 6365 7373 696e 6720 event accessing \n+00036d40: 7468 6520 766f 6c75 6d65 2028 696e 2073 the volume (in s\n+00036d50: 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 6669 ome cases the fi\n+00036d60: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6472 lesystem. dr\n+00036d70: 6976 6572 2063 616e 2064 6574 6563 7420 iver can detect \n+00036d80: 7468 6520 7072 6573 656e 6365 206f 6620 the presence of \n+00036d90: 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6275 a filesystem, bu\n+00036da0: 7420 6e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 0a20 t nevertheless. \n+00036db0: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 6566 7573 6520 will refuse \n+00036dc0: 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7429 2e0a 0a20 to mount it)... \n+00036dd0: 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206e By default n\n+00036de0: 6577 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 ew plainmount de\n+00036df0: 7669 6365 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6769 vices will be gi\n+00036e00: 7665 6e20 6120 5555 4944 2073 7461 7274 ven a UUID start\n+00036e10: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 2731 ing. with '1\n+00036e20: 3039 6665 6138 342d 6136 6237 2d33 3461 09fea84-a6b7-34a\n+00036e30: 382d 3462 6431 2d31 6335 3036 3330 3561 8-4bd1-1c506305a\n+00036e40: 3430 3127 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 206c 401' where the l\n+00036e50: 6173 7420 6469 6769 7473 0a20 2020 2020 ast digits. \n+00036e60: 6172 6520 696e 6372 656d 656e 7465 6420 are incremented \n+00036e70: 6279 206f 6e65 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 by one for each \n+00036e80: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 6564 2064 6576 plainmounted dev\n+00036e90: 6963 6520 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 ice beyond the. \n+00036ea0: 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 7570 2074 6f20 first up to \n+00036eb0: 325e 3130 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2^10 devices... \n+00036ec0: 2020 2020 416c 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 All encrypti\n+00036ed0: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6369 on arguments (ci\n+00036ee0: 7068 6572 2c20 6861 7368 2c20 6b65 7920 pher, hash, key \n+00036ef0: 7369 7a65 2c20 6469 736b 206f 6666 7365 size, disk offse\n+00036f00: 7420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2064 6973 6b20 t and. disk \n+00036f10: 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6529 206d 7573 sector size) mus\n+00036f20: 7420 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 7061 7261 t match the para\n+00036f30: 6d65 7465 7273 2075 7365 6420 746f 2063 meters used to c\n+00036f40: 7265 6174 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 reate the. v\n+00036f50: 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 4966 2061 6e79 206f olume. If any o\n+00036f60: 6620 7468 656d 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 f them does not \n+00036f70: 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c match the actual\n+00036f80: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2075 7365 640a arguments used.\n+00036f90: 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 during the \n+00036fa0: 696e 6974 6961 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 initial encrypti\n+00036fb0: 6f6e 2c20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2077 on, plainmount w\n+00036fc0: 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 2076 6972 7475 ill create virtu\n+00036fd0: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2077 al. device w\n+00036fe0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6761 7262 6167 6520 ith the garbage \n+00036ff0: 6461 7461 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 data and GRUB wi\n+00037000: 6c6c 2072 6570 6f72 7420 756e 6b6e 6f77 ll report unknow\n+00037010: 6e0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 n. filesyste\n+00037020: 6d20 666f 7220 7375 6368 2064 6576 6963 m for such devic\n+00037030: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n+00037040: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c .info, Node: pl\n+00037050: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 ainmount-Footnot\n+00037060: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f es, Up: plainmo\n+00037070: 756e 740a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 unt.. (1) Curr\n+00037080: 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 ent implementati\n+00037090: 6f6e 206f 6620 6372 7970 7473 6574 7570 on of cryptsetup\n+000370a0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a35 supports only.5\n+000370b0: 3132 2f31 3032 342f 3230 3438 2f34 3039 12/1024/2048/409\n+000370c0: 3620 6279 7465 2073 6563 746f 7273 0a0a 6 byte sectors..\n+000370d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000370e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 o, Node: play, \n+000370f0: 204e 6578 743a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 2050 Next: probe, P\n+00037100: 7265 763a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c rev: plainmount,\n+00037110: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00037120: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00037130: 342e 3537 2070 6c61 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.57 play.------\n+00037140: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00037150: 616e 643a 2070 6c61 7920 6669 6c65 207c and: play file |\n+00037160: 2074 656d 706f 205b 7069 7463 6831 2064 tempo [pitch1 d\n+00037170: 7572 6174 696f 6e31 5d20 5b70 6974 6368 uration1] [pitch\n+00037180: 3220 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 325d 202e 2e2e 2 duration2] ...\n+00037190: 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6179 7320 6120 7475 . Plays a tu\n+000371a0: 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 ne.. If the \n+000371b0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6669 argument is a fi\n+000371c0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 le name (*note F\n+000371d0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a ile name syntax:\n+000371e0: 3a29 2c20 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 :), play the. \n+000371f0: 2020 7475 6e65 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 tune recorded \n+00037200: 696e 2069 742e 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 in it. The file\n+00037210: 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 2066 6972 7374 format is first\n+00037220: 2074 6865 2074 656d 706f 2061 7320 616e the tempo as an\n+00037230: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2033 . unsigned 3\n+00037240: 3262 6974 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 2bit little-endi\n+00037250: 616e 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 an number, then \n+00037260: 7061 6972 7320 6f66 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 pairs of unsigne\n+00037270: 6420 3136 6269 740a 2020 2020 206c 6974 d 16bit. lit\n+00037280: 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 tle-endian numbe\n+00037290: 7273 2066 6f72 2070 6974 6368 2061 6e64 rs for pitch and\n+000372a0: 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7061 6972 732e duration pairs.\n+000372b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 .. If the ar\n+000372c0: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6120 7365 guments are a se\n+000372d0: 7269 6573 206f 6620 6e75 6d62 6572 732c ries of numbers,\n+000372e0: 2070 6c61 7920 7468 6520 696e 6c69 6e65 play the inline\n+000372f0: 2074 756e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 tune... The\n+00037300: 2074 656d 706f 2069 7320 7468 6520 6261 tempo is the ba\n+00037310: 7365 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 206e 6f74 6520 se for all note \n+00037320: 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 3630 2067 durations. 60 g\n+00037330: 6976 6573 2061 2031 2d73 6563 6f6e 640a ives a 1-second.\n+00037340: 2020 2020 2062 6173 652c 2031 3230 2067 base, 120 g\n+00037350: 6976 6573 2061 2068 616c 662d 7365 636f ives a half-seco\n+00037360: 6e64 2062 6173 652c 2065 7463 2e20 2050 nd base, etc. P\n+00037370: 6974 6368 6573 2061 7265 2048 7a2e 2020 itches are Hz. \n+00037380: 5365 740a 2020 2020 2070 6974 6368 2074 Set. pitch t\n+00037390: 6f20 3020 746f 2070 726f 6475 6365 2061 o 0 to produce a\n+000373a0: 2072 6573 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 rest.....File: \n+000373b0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000373c0: 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : probe, Next: \n+000373d0: 7264 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c rdmsr, Prev: pl\n+000373e0: 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ay, Up: Command\n+000373f0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00037400: 3137 2e34 2e35 3820 7072 6f62 650a 2d2d 17.4.58 probe.--\n+00037410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00037420: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7072 6f62 6520 Command: probe \n+00037430: 5b2d 2d73 6574 2076 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 [--set var]. \n+00037440: 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6472 6976 6572 7c2d --driver|-\n+00037450: 2d70 6172 746d 6170 7c2d 2d66 737c 2d2d -partmap|--fs|--\n+00037460: 6673 2d75 7569 647c 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c fs-uuid|--label|\n+00037470: 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 7569 6420 6465 7669 --part-uuid devi\n+00037480: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 ce. Retrieve\n+00037490: 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 device informat\n+000374a0: 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ion. If option \n+000374b0: e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 ...--set... is g\n+000374c0: 6976 656e 2c20 6173 7369 676e 0a20 2020 iven, assign. \n+000374d0: 2020 7265 7375 6c74 2074 6f20 7661 7269 result to vari\n+000374e0: 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2c20 6f74 6865 7277 able VAR, otherw\n+000374f0: 6973 6520 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d ise print inform\n+00037500: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 ation on the scr\n+00037510: 6565 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f een... The o\n+00037520: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d70 6172 742d ption ...--part-\n+00037530: 7575 6964 e280 9920 6973 2063 7572 7265 uuid... is curre\n+00037540: 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 696d 706c 656d ntly only implem\n+00037550: 656e 7465 6420 666f 7220 4d53 444f 530a ented for MSDOS.\n+00037560: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2047 5054 2066 6f72 and GPT for\n+00037570: 6d61 7474 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e0a 0a1f matted disks....\n+00037580: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00037590: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 , Node: rdmsr, \n+000375a0: 204e 6578 743a 2072 6561 642c 2020 5072 Next: read, Pr\n+000375b0: 6576 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: probe, Up: \n+000375c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+000375d0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3539 2072 mands..17.4.59 r\n+000375e0: 646d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dmsr.-----------\n+000375f0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00037600: 3a20 7264 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 205b : rdmsr 0xADDR [\n+00037610: 2d76 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 5d0a 2020 2020 -v VARNAME]. \n+00037620: 2052 6561 6420 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 Read a model-sp\n+00037630: 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 ecific register \n+00037640: 6174 2061 6464 7265 7373 2030 7841 4444 at address 0xADD\n+00037650: 522e 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 R. If the parame\n+00037660: 7465 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 ter. ...-v..\n+00037670: 9920 6973 2075 7365 6420 616e 6420 616e . is used and an\n+00037680: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00037690: 6961 626c 6520 5641 524e 414d 4520 6973 iable VARNAME is\n+000376a0: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 given, set that\n+000376b0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n+000376c0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 t variable to th\n+000376d0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2077 6173 e value that was\n+000376e0: 2072 6561 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 read... Ple\n+000376f0: 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e ase note that on\n+00037700: 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7265 SMP systems, re\n+00037710: 6164 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 204d 5352 ading from a MSR\n+00037720: 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 610a 2020 2020 that has a. \n+00037730: 2073 636f 7065 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 scope per hardw\n+00037740: 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c are thread, impl\n+00037750: 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c ies that the val\n+00037760: 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2072 6574 7572 ue that is retur\n+00037770: 6e65 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6170 ned. only ap\n+00037780: 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 plies to the par\n+00037790: 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 ticular cpu/core\n+000377a0: 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e /thread that run\n+000377b0: 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 s the. comma\n+000377c0: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 nd... Also, \n+000377d0: 6966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 if you specify a\n+000377e0: 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 reserved or uni\n+000377f0: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 mplemented MSR a\n+00037800: 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 ddress, it. \n+00037810: 7769 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e will cause a gen\n+00037820: 6572 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 eral protection \n+00037830: 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 exception (which\n+00037840: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c is not currentl\n+00037850: 790a 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e y. being han\n+00037860: 646c 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 dled) and the sy\n+00037870: 7374 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 stem will reboot\n+00037880: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00037890: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6561 info, Node: rea\n+000378a0: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 d, Next: reboot\n+000378b0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 , Prev: rdmsr, \n+000378c0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000378d0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+000378e0: 2e36 3020 7265 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .60 read.-------\n+000378f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00037900: 6e64 3a20 7265 6164 205b 2d73 5d20 5b76 nd: read [-s] [v\n+00037910: 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 ar]. Read a \n+00037920: 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6672 line of input fr\n+00037930: 6f6d 2074 6865 2075 7365 722e 2020 4966 om the user. If\n+00037940: 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 an environment \n+00037950: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 0a20 2020 variable VAR. \n+00037960: 2020 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 is given, set \n+00037970: 7468 6174 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 that environment\n+00037980: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 variable to the\n+00037990: 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2074 line of input t\n+000379a0: 6861 740a 2020 2020 2077 6173 2072 6561 hat. was rea\n+000379b0: 642c 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2074 6572 6d69 d, with no termi\n+000379c0: 6e61 7469 6e67 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 nating newline. \n+000379d0: 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 If the paramete\n+000379e0: 7220 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 730a 2020 r ...-s... is. \n+000379f0: 2020 2075 7365 642c 2065 6e61 626c 6520 used, enable \n+00037a00: 7369 6c65 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 7768 6572 silent mode wher\n+00037a10: 6520 696e 7075 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2070 e input is not p\n+00037a20: 7269 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 rinted to the. \n+00037a30: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a terminal.....\n+00037a40: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00037a50: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 Node: reboot, \n+00037a60: 204e 6578 743a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 Next: regexp, \n+00037a70: 5072 6576 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 2055 703a Prev: read, Up:\n+00037a80: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00037a90: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3120 mmands..17.4.61 \n+00037aa0: 7265 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d reboot.---------\n+00037ab0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00037ac0: 6e64 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 nd: reboot. \n+00037ad0: 5265 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 Reboot the compu\n+00037ae0: 7465 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ter.....File: gr\n+00037af0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00037b00: 7265 6765 7870 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 regexp, Next: r\n+00037b10: 6d6d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6562 mmod, Prev: reb\n+00037b20: 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e oot, Up: Comman\n+00037b30: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00037b40: 0a31 372e 342e 3632 2072 6567 6578 700a .17.4.62 regexp.\n+00037b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00037b60: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6567 -- Command: reg\n+00037b70: 6578 7020 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 6e75 6d62 exp [--set [numb\n+00037b80: 6572 3a5d 7661 725d 2072 6567 6578 7020 er:]var] regexp \n+00037b90: 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 string. Test\n+00037ba0: 2069 6620 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 if regular expr\n+00037bb0: 6573 7369 6f6e 2052 4547 4558 5020 6d61 ession REGEXP ma\n+00037bc0: 7463 6865 7320 5354 5249 4e47 2e20 2053 tches STRING. S\n+00037bd0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7265 upported. re\n+00037be0: 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e gular expression\n+00037bf0: 7320 6172 6520 504f 5349 582e 3220 4578 s are POSIX.2 Ex\n+00037c00: 7465 6e64 6564 2052 6567 756c 6172 2045 tended Regular E\n+00037c10: 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 660a xpressions. If.\n+00037c20: 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d option ...-\n+00037c30: 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e -set... is given\n+00037c40: 2c20 7374 6f72 6520 4e55 4d42 4552 7468 , store NUMBERth\n+00037c50: 206d 6174 6368 6564 2073 7562 6578 7072 matched subexpr\n+00037c60: 6573 7369 6f6e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2076 ession in. v\n+00037c70: 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5375 ariable VAR. Su\n+00037c80: 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 bexpressions are\n+00037c90: 206e 756d 6265 7265 6420 696e 206f 7264 numbered in ord\n+00037ca0: 6572 206f 6620 7468 6569 720a 2020 2020 er of their. \n+00037cb0: 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2070 6172 656e 7468 opening parenth\n+00037cc0: 6573 6573 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 eses starting fr\n+00037cd0: 6f6d 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2e20 204e 554d om ...1.... NUM\n+00037ce0: 4245 5220 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 BER defaults to \n+00037cf0: e280 9831 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ...1........File\n+00037d00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00037d10: 6465 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 de: rmmod, Next\n+00037d20: 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 : save_env, Pre\n+00037d30: 763a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 5570 3a20 v: regexp, Up: \n+00037d40: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00037d50: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3633 2072 mands..17.4.63 r\n+00037d60: 6d6d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mmod.-----------\n+00037d70: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00037d80: 2072 6d6d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 rmmod module. \n+00037d90: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6c6f 6164 Remove a load\n+00037da0: 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ed MODULE.....Fi\n+00037db0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00037dc0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 Node: save_env, \n+00037dd0: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 Next: search, \n+00037de0: 5072 6576 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 Prev: rmmod, Up\n+00037df0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00037e00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3634 ommands..17.4.64\n+00037e10: 2073 6176 655f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d save_env.------\n+00037e20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00037e30: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6176 655f 656e Command: save_en\n+00037e40: 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 5d20 v [--file file] \n+00037e50: 7661 7220 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 6176 var .... Sav\n+00037e60: 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7661 7269 e the named vari\n+00037e70: 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 ables from the e\n+00037e80: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 nvironment to th\n+00037e90: 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 e environment. \n+00037ea0: 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 block file. \n+00037eb0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e *Note Environmen\n+00037ec0: 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 t block::... \n+00037ed0: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 The ...--file..\n+00037ee0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 . option overrid\n+00037ef0: 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c es the default l\n+00037f00: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 ocation of the. \n+00037f10: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 environment \n+00037f20: 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 block... Thi\n+00037f30: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 206f s command will o\n+00037f40: 7065 7261 7465 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 perate successfu\n+00037f50: 6c6c 7920 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 656e lly even when en\n+00037f60: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2076 vironment. v\n+00037f70: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b ariable ...check\n+00037f80: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 _signatures... i\n+00037f90: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f s set to ...enfo\n+00037fa0: 7263 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 rce... (*note. \n+00037fb0: 2020 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 check_signatu\n+00037fc0: 7265 733a 3a29 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 res::), since it\n+00037fd0: 2077 7269 7465 7320 746f 2064 6973 6b20 writes to disk \n+00037fe0: 616e 6420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2061 6c74 and does not alt\n+00037ff0: 6572 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6265 6861 er the. beha\n+00038000: 7669 6f72 206f 6620 4752 5542 2062 6173 vior of GRUB bas\n+00038010: 6564 206f 6e20 616e 7920 636f 6e74 656e ed on any conten\n+00038020: 7473 206f 6620 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 ts of disk that \n+00038030: 6861 7665 2062 6565 6e20 7265 6164 2e0a have been read..\n+00038040: 2020 2020 2049 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 It is possi\n+00038050: 626c 6520 746f 206d 6f64 6966 7920 6120 ble to modify a \n+00038060: 6469 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 digitally signed\n+00038070: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n+00038080: 636b 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 726f ck file. fro\n+00038090: 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2047 5255 4220 7573 m within GRUB us\n+000380a0: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ing this command\n+000380b0: 2c20 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 , such that its \n+000380c0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 0a20 signature will. \n+000380d0: 2020 2020 6e6f 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 6265 no longer be\n+000380e0: 2076 616c 6964 206f 6e20 7375 6273 6571 valid on subseq\n+000380f0: 7565 6e74 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 2043 6172 uent boots. Car\n+00038100: 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7461 6b65 e should be take\n+00038110: 6e20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 2061 n in. such a\n+00038120: 6476 616e 6365 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 dvanced configur\n+00038130: 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 ations to avoid \n+00038140: 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7468 6520 7379 rendering the sy\n+00038150: 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 756e 626f 6f74 stem. unboot\n+00038160: 6162 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 able. *Note Usi\n+00038170: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ng digital signa\n+00038180: 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 tures::, for mor\n+00038190: 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 e. informati\n+000381a0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+000381b0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n+000381c0: 6561 7263 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 earch, Next: se\n+000381d0: 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7361 ndkey, Prev: sa\n+000381e0: 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ve_env, Up: Com\n+000381f0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00038200: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3520 7365 6172 ds..17.4.65 sear\n+00038210: 6368 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ch.-------------\n+00038220: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00038230: 7365 6172 6368 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 7c2d search [--file|-\n+00038240: 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 -label|--fs-uuid\n+00038250: 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 7661 725d 5d0a ] [--set [var]].\n+00038260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d [--no-\n+00038270: 666c 6f70 7079 7c2d 2d65 6669 6469 736b floppy|--efidisk\n+00038280: 2d6f 6e6c 795d 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 -only] name. \n+00038290: 2053 6561 7263 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 Search devices \n+000382a0: 6279 2066 696c 6520 28e2 8098 2d66 e280 by file (...-f..\n+000382b0: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9929 ., ...--file...)\n+000382c0: 2c20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c 6162 , filesystem lab\n+000382d0: 656c 2028 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 2c0a 2020 el (...-l...,. \n+000382e0: 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 ...--label...\n+000382f0: 292c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d ), or filesystem\n+00038300: 2055 5549 4420 28e2 8098 2d75 e280 992c UUID (...-u...,\n+00038310: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 ...--fs-uuid...\n+00038320: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 )... If the \n+00038330: 28e2 8098 2d73 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d (...-s..., ...--\n+00038340: 7365 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 set...) option i\n+00038350: 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 s used, the firs\n+00038360: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 t device found i\n+00038370: 730a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2061 7320 7468 s. set as th\n+00038380: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 e value of envir\n+00038390: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+000383a0: 5641 522e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c VAR. The defaul\n+000383b0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 t variable. \n+000383c0: 6973 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a is ...root......\n+000383d0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2028 e280 982d 6ee2 The (...-n.\n+000383e0: 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 .., ...--no-flop\n+000383f0: 7079 e280 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 py...) option pr\n+00038400: 6576 656e 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 events searching\n+00038410: 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 6465 7669 6365 732c floppy devices,\n+00038420: 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 . which can \n+00038430: 6265 2073 6c6f 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 be slow... T\n+00038440: 6865 2028 e280 982d 2d65 6669 6469 736b he (...--efidisk\n+00038450: 2d6f 6e6c 79e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e -only...) option\n+00038460: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7365 6172 6368 prevents search\n+00038470: 696e 6720 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6465 ing any other de\n+00038480: 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 vices. then \n+00038490: 4546 4920 6469 736b 732e 2020 5468 6973 EFI disks. This\n+000384a0: 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 is typically us\n+000384b0: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 ed when chainloa\n+000384c0: 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f 6361 6c0a 2020 ding to local. \n+000384d0: 2020 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e EFI partition\n+000384e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 ... The ...s\n+000384f0: 6561 7263 682e 6669 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 earch.file..., .\n+00038500: 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f 6c61 6265 ..search.fs_labe\n+00038510: 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 l..., and ...sea\n+00038520: 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 2063 rch.fs_uuid... c\n+00038530: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2061 7265 ommands. are\n+00038540: 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 aliases for ...\n+00038550: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 search --file...\n+00038560: 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 6c61 , ...search --la\n+00038570: 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 bel..., and ...s\n+00038580: 6561 7263 680a 2020 2020 202d 2d66 732d earch. --fs-\n+00038590: 7575 6964 e280 9920 7265 7370 6563 7469 uuid... respecti\n+000385a0: 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f vely... Also\n+000385b0: 2068 696e 7473 2061 7320 746f 2077 6869 hints as to whi\n+000385c0: 6368 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7920 6265 ch device may be\n+000385d0: 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 the most likely\n+000385e0: 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 7468 650a to contain the.\n+000385f0: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7365 6172 6368 item search\n+00038600: 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 ed for may be gi\n+00038610: 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 28e2 8098 ven via the (...\n+00038620: 2d68 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 -h..., ...--hint\n+00038630: e280 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 7468 ...) option with\n+00038640: 0a20 2020 2020 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e . a device n\n+00038650: 616d 6520 6173 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 ame as an argume\n+00038660: 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 nt. If the argu\n+00038670: 6d65 6e74 2065 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 ment ends with a\n+00038680: 2063 6f6d 6d61 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 comma,. the\n+00038690: 6e20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 n partitions on \n+000386a0: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2061 7265 2061 the device are a\n+000386b0: 6c73 6f20 7365 6172 6368 6564 2e20 2046 lso searched. F\n+000386c0: 7572 7468 6572 6d6f 7265 2c0a 2020 2020 urthermore,. \n+000386d0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7370 6563 6966 platform specif\n+000386e0: 6963 2068 696e 7473 206d 6179 2062 6520 ic hints may be \n+000386f0: 6769 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 6f70 given via the op\n+00038700: 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d tions. ...--\n+00038710: 6869 6e74 2d69 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 hint-ieee1275...\n+00038720: 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6269 6f73 , ...--hint-bios\n+00038730: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d62 ..., ...--hint-b\n+00038740: 6172 656d 6574 616c e280 992c 20e2 8098 aremetal..., ...\n+00038750: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d65 6669 e280 992c 0a20 --hint-efi...,. \n+00038760: 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d68 696e and ...--hin\n+00038770: 742d 6172 63e2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 t-arc.... When \n+00038780: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 7365 specified, these\n+00038790: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 616b 6520 616e options take an\n+000387a0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2061 argument. a\n+000387b0: 6e64 206f 7065 7261 7465 206c 696b 6520 nd operate like \n+000387c0: e280 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 2c20 6275 ...--hint..., bu\n+000387d0: 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 t only on the sp\n+000387e0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d ecified platform\n+000387f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00038800: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 656e info, Node: sen\n+00038810: 646b 6579 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6574 dkey, Next: set\n+00038820: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6561 7263 682c , Prev: search,\n+00038830: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00038840: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00038850: 342e 3636 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a2d 2d2d 4.66 sendkey.---\n+00038860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00038870: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 656e 646b - Command: sendk\n+00038880: 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d ey. [--\n+00038890: 6e75 6d7c 2d2d 6361 7073 7c2d 2d73 6372 num|--caps|--scr\n+000388a0: 6f6c 6c7c 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 7c2d 2d70 oll|--insert|--p\n+000388b0: 6175 7365 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 7368 6966 ause|--left-shif\n+000388c0: 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 7368 6966 747c t|--right-shift|\n+000388d0: 2d2d 7379 7372 717c 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 --sysrq|--numkey\n+000388e0: 7c2d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 7c2d 2d73 6372 |--capskey|--scr\n+000388f0: 6f6c 6c6b 6579 7c2d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b ollkey|--insertk\n+00038900: 6579 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 616c 747c 2d2d ey|--left-alt|--\n+00038910: 7269 6768 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 6c65 6674 right-alt|--left\n+00038920: 2d63 7472 6c7c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 6374 -ctrl|--right-ct\n+00038930: 726c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6e7c rl. on|\n+00038940: 6f66 665d 2e2e 2e20 5b6e 6f2d 6c65 645d off]... [no-led]\n+00038950: 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 keystroke. \n+00038960: 496e 7365 7274 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 Insert keystroke\n+00038970: 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 206b 6579 626f s into the keybo\n+00038980: 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 2077 6865 6e20 ard buffer when \n+00038990: 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 536f 6d65 7469 booting. Someti\n+000389a0: 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 mes. an oper\n+000389b0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 ating system or \n+000389c0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 6420 626f 6f74 chainloaded boot\n+000389d0: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7265 7175 6972 6573 loader requires\n+000389e0: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 particular. \n+000389f0: 206b 6579 7320 746f 2062 6520 7072 6573 keys to be pres\n+00038a00: 7365 643a 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 sed: for example\n+00038a10: 2c20 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 6e65 6564 , one might need\n+00038a20: 2074 6f20 7072 6573 7320 610a 2020 2020 to press a. \n+00038a30: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6b65 7920 particular key \n+00038a40: 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2022 7361 6665 206d to enter \"safe m\n+00038a50: 6f64 6522 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 6368 ode\", or when ch\n+00038a60: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 ainloading anoth\n+00038a70: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 er. boot loa\n+00038a80: 6465 7220 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 7365 der one might se\n+00038a90: 6e64 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 746f nd keystrokes to\n+00038aa0: 2069 7420 746f 206e 6176 6967 6174 6520 it to navigate \n+00038ab0: 6974 7320 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 its menu... \n+00038ac0: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 Note: This comma\n+00038ad0: 6e64 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 nd is currently \n+00038ae0: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f only available o\n+00038af0: 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 630a 2020 n the i386-pc. \n+00038b00: 2020 2074 6172 6765 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 target... \n+00038b10: 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2070 726f 7669 6465 You may provide\n+00038b20: 2075 7020 746f 2031 3620 6b65 7973 7472 up to 16 keystr\n+00038b30: 6f6b 6573 2028 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 okes (the length\n+00038b40: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 of the BIOS. \n+00038b50: 2020 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 keyboard buffe\n+00038b60: 7229 2e20 204b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 206e r). 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ex\n+00038c70: 636c 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 clam \n+00038c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 210a 2020 !. \n+00038c90: 2020 2061 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 at \n+00038ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00038cb0: 2040 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 7369 @. numbersi\n+00038cc0: 676e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gn \n+00038cd0: 2020 2020 2020 230a 2020 2020 2064 6f6c #. dol\n+00038ce0: 6c61 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lar \n+00038cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2024 0a20 2020 $. \n+00038d00: 2020 7065 7263 656e 7420 2020 2020 2020 percent \n+00038d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00038d20: 250a 2020 2020 2063 6172 6574 2020 2020 %. caret \n 00038d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038d40: 2020 205e 0a20 2020 2020 616d 7065 7273 ^. ampers\n-00038d50: 616e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 and \n-00038d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 260a 2020 2020 2061 &. a\n-00038d70: 7374 6572 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sterisk \n-00038d80: 2020 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F7\n-000393c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000393d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4637 0a20 F7. \n-000393e0: 2020 2020 4638 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F8 \n+000393b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4636 0a20 2020 2020 F6. \n+000393c0: 4637 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F7 \n+000393d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4637 F7\n+000393e0: 0a20 2020 2020 4638 2020 2020 2020 2020 . F8 \n 000393f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039400: 2020 4638 0a20 2020 2020 4639 2020 2020 F8. F9 \n+00039400: 2020 2020 4638 0a20 2020 2020 4639 2020 F8. F9 \n 00039410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4639 0a20 2020 2020 F9. \n-00039430: 4631 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F10 \n-00039440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 F1\n-00039450: 300a 2020 2020 2046 3131 2020 2020 2020 0. F11 \n+00039420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4639 0a20 2020 F9. \n+00039430: 2020 4631 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F10 \n+00039440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039450: 4631 300a 2020 2020 2046 3131 2020 2020 F10. F11 \n 00039460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039470: 2020 2020 2046 3131 0a20 2020 2020 4631 F11. F1\n-00039480: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2 \n-00039490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 320a F12.\n-000394a0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3120 2020 2020 2020 num1 \n+00039470: 2020 2020 2020 2046 3131 0a20 2020 2020 F11. \n+00039480: 4631 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F12 \n+00039490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 F1\n+000394a0: 320a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3120 2020 2020 2. num1 \n 000394b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000394c0: 2020 2031 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 1 (numeric ke\n-000394d0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3220 ypad). num2 \n-000394e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000394f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 2028 6e75 6d65 2 (nume\n-00039500: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039510: 206e 756d 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num3 \n-00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 3\n-00039530: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00039540: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3420 2020 2020 ). num4 \n+000394c0: 2020 2020 2031 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 1 (numeric \n+000394d0: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+000394e0: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2 \n+000394f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 2028 6e75 2 (nu\n+00039500: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00039510: 2020 206e 756d 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 num3 \n+00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039530: 2033 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 3 (numeric keyp\n+00039540: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3420 2020 ad). num4 \n 00039550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039560: 2020 2020 2034 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 4 (numeric \n-00039570: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-00039580: 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5 \n-00039590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2035 2028 6e75 5 (nu\n-000395a0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-000395b0: 2020 206e 756d 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 num6 \n+00039560: 2020 2020 2020 2034 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 4 (numeri\n+00039570: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+00039580: 756d 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um5 \n+00039590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2035 2028 5 (\n+000395a0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+000395b0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3620 2020 2020 2020 num6 \n 000395c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000395d0: 2036 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6 (numeric keyp\n-000395e0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3720 2020 ad). num7 \n+000395d0: 2020 2036 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 6 (numeric ke\n+000395e0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3720 ypad). num7 \n 000395f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039600: 2020 2020 2020 2037 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 7 (numeri\n-00039610: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-00039620: 756d 3820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um8 \n-00039630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 2028 8 (\n-00039640: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00039650: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3920 2020 2020 2020 num9 \n+00039600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2037 2028 6e75 6d65 7 (nume\n+00039610: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+00039620: 206e 756d 3820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num8 \n+00039630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 8\n+00039640: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+00039650: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3920 2020 2020 ). num9 \n 00039660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039670: 2020 2039 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 9 (numeric ke\n-00039680: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3020 ypad). num0 \n-00039690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000396a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 2028 6e75 6d65 0 (nume\n-000396b0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-000396c0: 206e 756d 7065 7269 6f64 2020 2020 2020 numperiod \n-000396d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e .\n-000396e0: 2020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 (numeric keypa\n-000396f0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e64 2020 d). numend \n+00039670: 2020 2020 2039 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 9 (numeric \n+00039680: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+00039690: 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 0 \n+000396a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 2028 6e75 0 (nu\n+000396b0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+000396c0: 2020 206e 756d 7065 7269 6f64 2020 2020 numperiod \n+000396d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000396e0: 202e 2020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 . (numeric key\n+000396f0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e64 pad). numend\n 00039700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039710: 2020 2020 2020 456e 6420 286e 756d 6572 End (numer\n-00039720: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-00039730: 6e75 6d64 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 numdown \n-00039740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f Do\n-00039750: 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 wn (numeric keyp\n-00039760: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7067 646f ad). numpgdo\n-00039770: 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 wn \n-00039780: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 446f 776e Page Down\n-00039790: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-000397a0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6c65 6674 2020 ). numleft \n+00039710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 6420 286e 756d End (num\n+00039720: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+00039730: 2020 6e75 6d64 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 numdown \n+00039740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039750: 446f 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 Down (numeric ke\n+00039760: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7067 ypad). numpg\n+00039770: 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 down \n+00039780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 446f Page Do\n+00039790: 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 wn (numeric keyp\n+000397a0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6c65 6674 ad). numleft\n 000397b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000397c0: 2020 2020 204c 6566 7420 286e 756d 6572 Left (numer\n-000397d0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-000397e0: 6e75 6d63 656e 7465 7220 2020 2020 2020 numcenter \n-000397f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3520 5 \n-00039800: 7769 7468 204e 756d 204c 6f63 6b20 696e with Num Lock in\n-00039810: 6163 7469 7665 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 630a active (numeric.\n-00039820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000397c0: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6566 7420 286e 756d Left (num\n+000397d0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+000397e0: 2020 6e75 6d63 656e 7465 7220 2020 2020 numcenter \n+000397f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039800: 3520 7769 7468 204e 756d 204c 6f63 6b20 5 with Num Lock \n+00039810: 696e 6163 7469 7665 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 inactive (numeri\n+00039820: 630a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 c. \n 00039830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039840: 2020 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 keypad). \n-00039850: 6e75 6d72 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 numright \n-00039860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5269 Ri\n-00039870: 6768 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 ght (numeric key\n-00039880: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d68 6f6d pad). numhom\n-00039890: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n-000398a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 6d65 2028 6e75 Home (nu\n-000398b0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-000398c0: 2020 206e 756d 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 numup \n+00039840: 2020 2020 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 keypad). \n+00039850: 2020 6e75 6d72 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 numright \n+00039860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039870: 5269 6768 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b Right (numeric k\n+00039880: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d68 eypad). numh\n+00039890: 6f6d 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ome \n+000398a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 6d65 2028 Home (\n+000398b0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+000398c0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 7570 2020 2020 2020 numup \n 000398d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000398e0: 2055 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 Up (numeric key\n-000398f0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6775 pad). numpgu\n-00039900: 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p \n-00039910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 7020 Page Up \n-00039920: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-00039930: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d69 6e73 6572 7420 . numinsert \n-00039940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039950: 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 2028 6e75 6d65 Insert (nume\n-00039960: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039970: 206e 756d 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 numdelete \n-00039980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n-00039990: 656c 6574 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b elete (numeric k\n-000399a0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d61 eypad). numa\n-000399b0: 7374 6572 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sterisk \n-000399c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 286e 756d * (num\n-000399d0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-000399e0: 2020 6e75 6d6d 696e 7573 2020 2020 2020 numminus \n+000398e0: 2020 2055 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b Up (numeric k\n+000398f0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 eypad). nump\n+00039900: 6775 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gup \n+00039910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 Page U\n+00039920: 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 p (numeric keypa\n+00039930: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d69 6e73 6572 d). numinser\n+00039940: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+00039950: 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 2028 6e75 Insert (nu\n+00039960: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00039970: 2020 206e 756d 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 numdelete \n+00039980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039990: 2044 656c 6574 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 Delete (numeric\n+000399a0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+000399b0: 6d61 7374 6572 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 masterisk \n+000399c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 286e * (n\n+000399d0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+000399e0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d6d 696e 7573 2020 2020 numminus \n 000399f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a00: 2d20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 - (numeric keypa\n-00039a10: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6c75 7320 d). numplus \n-00039a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a30: 2020 2020 2020 2b20 286e 756d 6572 6963 + (numeric\n-00039a40: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-00039a50: 6d73 6c61 7368 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mslash \n-00039a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f20 286e / (n\n-00039a70: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039a80: 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e74 6572 2020 2020 numenter \n+00039a00: 2020 2d20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 - (numeric key\n+00039a10: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6c75 pad). numplu\n+00039a20: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s \n+00039a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2b20 286e 756d 6572 + (numer\n+00039a40: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+00039a50: 6e75 6d73 6c61 7368 2020 2020 2020 2020 numslash \n+00039a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f20 / \n+00039a70: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+00039a80: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e74 6572 2020 . numenter \n 00039a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039aa0: 2020 456e 7465 7220 286e 756d 6572 6963 Enter (numeric\n-00039ab0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6465 keypad). de\n-00039ac0: 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lete \n-00039ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 6c65 Dele\n-00039ae0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7365 7274 2020 te. insert \n+00039aa0: 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 286e 756d 6572 Enter (numer\n+00039ab0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+00039ac0: 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 delete \n+00039ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 De\n+00039ae0: 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7365 7274 lete. insert\n 00039af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b00: 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 0a20 2020 Insert. \n-00039b10: 2020 686f 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 home \n+00039b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 0a20 Insert. \n+00039b10: 2020 2020 686f 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 home \n 00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b30: 486f 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6420 2020 Home. end \n+00039b30: 2020 486f 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6420 Home. end \n 00039b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 640a 2020 2020 End. \n-00039b60: 2070 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgdown \n-00039b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 P\n-00039b80: 6167 6520 446f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 7067 age Down. pg\n-00039b90: 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n-00039ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 Page\n-00039bb0: 2055 700a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e20 2020 Up. down \n+00039b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 640a 2020 End. \n+00039b60: 2020 2070 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 pgdown \n+00039b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039b80: 2050 6167 6520 446f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 Page Down. \n+00039b90: 7067 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgup \n+00039ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 Pa\n+00039bb0: 6765 2055 700a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e20 ge Up. down \n 00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 Down. \n-00039be0: 2075 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n-00039bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 U\n-00039c00: 700a 2020 2020 206c 6566 7420 2020 2020 p. left \n+00039bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 Down. \n+00039be0: 2020 2075 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n+00039bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039c00: 2055 700a 2020 2020 206c 6566 7420 2020 Up. left \n 00039c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c20: 2020 2020 204c 6566 740a 2020 2020 2072 Left. r\n-00039c30: 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ight \n-00039c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6967 Rig\n-00039c50: 6874 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 7320 7765 6c6c ht.. As well\n-00039c60: 2061 7320 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2c20 as keystrokes, \n-00039c70: 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 the ...sendkey..\n-00039c80: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7461 6b65 7320 . command takes \n-00039c90: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a various options.\n-00039ca0: 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 6166 6665 6374 that affect\n-00039cb0: 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 the BIOS keyboa\n-00039cc0: 7264 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 732e rd status flags.\n-00039cd0: 2020 5468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 These options \n-00039ce0: 7461 6b65 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 take an. ...\n-00039cf0: 6f6e e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 on... or ...off.\n-00039d00: 8099 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 7370 .. parameter, sp\n-00039d10: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 ecifying that th\n-00039d20: 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e corresponding \n-00039d30: 7374 6174 7573 0a20 2020 2020 666c 6167 status. flag\n-00039d40: 2062 6520 7365 7420 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 be set or unset\n-00039d50: 3b20 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 206f ; omitting the o\n-00039d60: 7074 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6120 6769 7665 ption for a give\n-00039d70: 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 670a 2020 n status flag. \n-00039d80: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6c65 6176 6520 7468 will leave th\n-00039d90: 6174 2066 6c61 6720 6174 2069 7473 2069 at flag at its i\n-00039da0: 6e69 7469 616c 2073 7461 7465 2061 7420 nitial state at \n-00039db0: 626f 6f74 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d boot. The ...--\n-00039dc0: 6e75 6de2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 num...,. ...\n-00039dd0: 2d2d 6361 7073 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d --caps..., ...--\n-00039de0: 7363 726f 6c6c e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 scroll..., and .\n-00039df0: 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 e280 9920 6f70 ..--insert... op\n-00039e00: 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 7365 tions emulate se\n-00039e10: 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 tting the. c\n-00039e20: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 206d 6f64 orresponding mod\n-00039e30: 652c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 20e2 8098 e, while the ...\n-00039e40: 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 e280 992c 20e2 8098 --numkey..., ...\n-00039e50: 2d2d 6361 7073 6b65 79e2 8099 2c0a 2020 --capskey...,. \n-00039e60: 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 ...--scrollke\n-00039e70: 79e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d69 y..., and ...--i\n-00039e80: 6e73 6572 746b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 nsertkey... opti\n-00039e90: 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 7072 6573 ons emulate pres\n-00039ea0: 7369 6e67 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 686f sing and. ho\n-00039eb0: 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 lding the corres\n-00039ec0: 706f 6e64 696e 6720 6b65 792e 2020 5468 ponding key. Th\n-00039ed0: 6520 6f74 6865 7220 7374 6174 7573 2066 e other status f\n-00039ee0: 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a lag options are.\n-00039ef0: 2020 2020 2073 656c 662d 6578 706c 616e self-explan\n-00039f00: 6174 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 atory... If \n-00039f10: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6c65 64e2 the ...--no-led.\n-00039f20: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 .. option is giv\n-00039f30: 656e 2c20 7468 6520 7374 6174 7573 2066 en, the status f\n-00039f40: 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 6c6c lag options will\n-00039f50: 0a20 2020 2020 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 . have no ef\n-00039f60: 6665 6374 206f 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 fect on keyboard\n-00039f70: 204c 4544 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 LEDs... If \n-00039f80: 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 the ...sendkey..\n-00039f90: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2067 6976 . command is giv\n-00039fa0: 656e 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7469 6d65 en multiple time\n-00039fb0: 732c 2074 6865 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 s, then only the\n-00039fc0: 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7374 2069 6e76 6f63 . last invoc\n-00039fd0: 6174 696f 6e20 6861 7320 616e 7920 6566 ation has any ef\n-00039fe0: 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5369 6e63 fect... Sinc\n-00039ff0: 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 e ...sendkey... \n-0003a000: 6d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 7320 7468 6520 manipulates the \n-0003a010: 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 BIOS keyboard bu\n-0003a020: 6666 6572 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2063 6175 ffer, it may cau\n-0003a030: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 732c 2072 se. hangs, r\n-0003a040: 6562 6f6f 7473 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 eboots, or other\n-0003a050: 206d 6973 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f6e misbehaviour on\n-0003a060: 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 some systems. \n-0003a070: 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 6572 If the. oper\n-0003a080: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 ating system or \n-0003a090: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 6174 boot loader that\n-0003a0a0: 2072 756e 7320 6166 7465 7220 4752 5542 runs after GRUB\n-0003a0b0: 2075 7365 7320 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 2020 uses its own. \n-0003a0c0: 2020 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6472 6976 keyboard driv\n-0003a0d0: 6572 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 er rather than t\n-0003a0e0: 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 he BIOS keyboard\n-0003a0f0: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 656e functions, then\n-0003a100: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 . ...sendkey\n-0003a110: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 6e6f ... will have no\n-0003a120: 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 effect... T\n-0003a130: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f his command is o\n-0003a140: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e nly available on\n-0003a150: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 PC BIOS systems\n-0003a160: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003a170: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6574 info, Node: set\n-0003a180: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3173 756d , Next: sha1sum\n-0003a190: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 656e 646b 6579 , Prev: sendkey\n-0003a1a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0003a1b0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0003a1c0: 2e34 2e36 3720 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.67 set.------\n-0003a1d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0003a1e0: 6e64 3a20 7365 7420 5b65 6e76 7661 723d nd: set [envvar=\n-0003a1f0: 7661 6c75 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 value]. Set \n-0003a200: 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 the environment \n-0003a210: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 5220 variable ENVVAR \n-0003a220: 746f 2056 414c 5545 2e20 2049 6620 696e to VALUE. If in\n-0003a230: 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f0a 2020 voked with no. \n-0003a240: 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 arguments, pr\n-0003a250: 696e 7420 616c 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d int all environm\n-0003a260: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 ent variables wi\n-0003a270: 7468 2074 6865 6972 2076 616c 7565 732e th their values.\n-0003a280: 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c For. the l\n-0003a290: 6973 7420 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 ist of environme\n-0003a2a0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2063 7572 nt variables cur\n-0003a2b0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6279 2047 rently used by G\n-0003a2c0: 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2073 6565 0a20 RUB itself see. \n-0003a2d0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 the relevant\n-0003a2e0: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 202a 6e6f 7465 2045 section *note E\n-0003a2f0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f nvironment::....\n-0003a300: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003a310: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3173 756d , Node: sha1sum\n-0003a320: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3235 3673 , Next: sha256s\n-0003a330: 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6574 2c20 um, Prev: set, \n-0003a340: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0003a350: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0003a360: 2e36 3820 7368 6131 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d .68 sha1sum.----\n-0003a370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003a380: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6131 7375 Command: sha1su\n-0003a390: 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 m arg .... A\n-0003a3a0: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 lias for ...hash\n-0003a3b0: 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3120 sum --hash sha1 \n-0003a3c0: 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 arg ....... See\n-0003a3d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 command ...hash\n-0003a3e0: 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f sum.... (*no\n-0003a3f0: 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f te hashsum::) fo\n-0003a400: 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 r full descripti\n-0003a410: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n-0003a420: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n-0003a430: 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a ha256sum, Next:\n-0003a440: 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2050 7265 sha512sum, Pre\n-0003a450: 763a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2055 703a v: sha1sum, Up:\n-0003a460: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0003a470: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3920 mmands..17.4.69 \n-0003a480: 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sha256sum.------\n-0003a490: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003a4a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6132 3536 Command: sha256\n-0003a4b0: 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 sum arg .... \n-0003a4c0: 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 Alias for ...ha\n-0003a4d0: 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 shsum --hash sha\n-0003a4e0: 3235 3620 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 256 arg ....... \n-0003a4f0: 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 See command ...\n-0003a500: 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 hashsum.... \n-0003a510: 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a (*note hashsum::\n-0003a520: 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 ) for full descr\n-0003a530: 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a iption.....File:\n-0003a540: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003a550: 653a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 204e e: sha512sum, N\n-0003a560: 6578 743a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 2050 7265 ext: sleep, Pre\n-0003a570: 763a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 2055 v: sha256sum, U\n-0003a580: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0003a590: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n-0003a5a0: 3020 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 0 sha512sum.----\n-0003a5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003a5c0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6135 -- Command: sha5\n-0003a5d0: 3132 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 12sum arg .... \n-0003a5e0: 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 Alias for ...\n-0003a5f0: 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 hashsum --hash s\n-0003a600: 6861 3531 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 ha512 arg ......\n-0003a610: 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 . See command .\n-0003a620: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 ..hashsum.... \n-0003a630: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d (*note hashsum\n-0003a640: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 ::) for full des\n-0003a650: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c cription.....Fil\n-0003a660: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003a670: 6f64 653a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 204e 6578 ode: sleep, Nex\n-0003a680: 743a 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5072 6576 t: smbios, Prev\n-0003a690: 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 : sha512sum, Up\n-0003a6a0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0003a6b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3731 ommands..17.4.71\n-0003a6c0: 2073 6c65 6570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sleep.---------\n-0003a6d0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003a6e0: 643a 2073 6c65 6570 205b 2d2d 7665 7262 d: sleep [--verb\n-0003a6f0: 6f73 655d 205b 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 ose] [--interrup\n-0003a700: 7469 626c 655d 2063 6f75 6e74 0a20 2020 tible] count. \n-0003a710: 2020 536c 6565 7020 666f 7220 434f 554e Sleep for COUN\n-0003a720: 5420 7365 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4966 206f T seconds. If o\n-0003a730: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d69 6e74 6572 ption ...--inter\n-0003a740: 7275 7074 6962 6c65 e280 9920 6973 2067 ruptible... is g\n-0003a750: 6976 656e 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 iven,. allow\n-0003a760: 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c45 5343 3e2c pressing ,\n-0003a770: 203c 4634 3e20 6f72 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 or holding\n-0003a780: 2064 6f77 6e20 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 746f down to\n-0003a790: 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 0a20 2020 2020 interrupt. \n-0003a7a0: 736c 6565 702e 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 sleep. With ...\n-0003a7b0: 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 2073 686f --verbose... sho\n-0003a7c0: 7720 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 6f66 2072 w countdown of r\n-0003a7d0: 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 emaining seconds\n-0003a7e0: 2e20 2045 7869 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 . Exit. cod\n-0003a7f0: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 e is set to 0 if\n-0003a800: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 6564 timeout expired\n-0003a810: 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 3120 6966 2074 696d and to 1 if tim\n-0003a820: 656f 7574 2077 6173 0a20 2020 2020 696e eout was. in\n-0003a830: 7465 7272 7570 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 terrupted using \n-0003a840: 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e 7469 any of the menti\n-0003a850: 6f6e 6564 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 oned keys.....Fi\n-0003a860: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003a870: 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 204e Node: smbios, N\n-0003a880: 6578 743a 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 5072 ext: source, Pr\n-0003a890: 6576 3a20 736c 6565 702c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: sleep, Up: \n-0003a8a0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0003a8b0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3732 2073 mands..17.4.72 s\n-0003a8c0: 6d62 696f 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mbios.----------\n-0003a8d0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003a8e0: 643a 2073 6d62 696f 7320 5b2d 2d74 7970 d: smbios [--typ\n-0003a8f0: 6520 5459 5045 5d20 5b2d 2d68 616e 646c e TYPE] [--handl\n-0003a900: 6520 4841 4e44 4c45 5d20 5b2d 2d6d 6174 e HANDLE] [--mat\n-0003a910: 6368 204d 4154 4348 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 ch MATCH]. \n-0003a920: 2020 2020 282d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 6520 (--get-byte \n-0003a930: 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 207c 202d | --get-word | -\n-0003a940: 2d67 6574 2d64 776f 7264 207c 202d 2d67 -get-dword | --g\n-0003a950: 6574 2d71 776f 7264 207c 0a20 2020 2020 et-qword |. \n-0003a960: 2020 2020 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e --get-strin\n-0003a970: 6720 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 6964 2920 g | --get-uuid) \n-0003a980: 4f46 4653 4554 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 5641 OFFSET [--set VA\n-0003a990: 5249 4142 4c45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 RIABLE]. Ret\n-0003a9a0: 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 rieve SMBIOS inf\n-0003a9b0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ormation... \n-0003a9c0: 5468 6520 e280 9873 6d62 696f 73e2 8099 The ...smbios...\n-0003a9d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 command returns\n-0003a9e0: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 the value of a \n-0003a9f0: 6669 656c 6420 696e 2061 6e20 534d 4249 field in an SMBI\n-0003aa00: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 OS. structur\n-0003aa10: 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e e. The followin\n-0003aa20: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d g options determ\n-0003aa30: 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 7374 7275 6374 ine which struct\n-0003aa40: 7572 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 ure to. sele\n-0003aa50: 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 ct... ...\n-0003aa60: 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d Specifying ...-\n-0003aa70: 2d74 7970 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7365 -type... will se\n-0003aa80: 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 lect structures \n-0003aa90: 7769 7468 2061 206d 6174 6368 696e 670a with a matching.\n-0003aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5459 5045 2e20 TYPE. \n-0003aab0: 2054 6865 2074 7970 6520 6361 6e20 6265 The type can be\n-0003aac0: 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2066 726f any integer fro\n-0003aad0: 6d20 3020 746f 2032 3535 2e0a 2020 2020 m 0 to 255.. \n-0003aae0: 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 6966 7969 ... Specifyi\n-0003aaf0: 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 e280 ng ...--handle..\n-0003ab00: 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 . will select st\n-0003ab10: 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 ructures with a \n-0003ab20: 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2020 matching. \n-0003ab30: 2020 2048 414e 444c 452e 2020 5468 6520 HANDLE. The \n-0003ab40: 6861 6e64 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e handle can be an\n-0003ab50: 7920 696e 7465 6765 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 y integer from 0\n-0003ab60: 2074 6f20 3635 3533 352e 0a20 2020 2020 to 65535.. \n-0003ab70: 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e ... Specifyin\n-0003ab80: 6720 e280 982d 2d6d 6174 6368 e280 9920 g ...--match... \n-0003ab90: 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 will select stru\n-0003aba0: 6374 7572 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 204d 4154 cture number MAT\n-0003abb0: 4348 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 CH in the. \n-0003abc0: 2020 2020 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206c 6973 filtered lis\n-0003abd0: 7420 6f66 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 733b t of structures;\n-0003abe0: 2065 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 736d 6269 6f73 e.g. ...smbios\n-0003abf0: 202d 2d74 7970 6520 3420 2d2d 6d61 7463 --type 4 --matc\n-0003ac00: 6820 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 h 2.... \n-0003ac10: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 will select the\n-0003ac20: 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 5072 6f63 6573 7320 second Process \n-0003ac30: 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 2854 7970 Information (Typ\n-0003ac40: 6520 3429 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e0a e 4) structure..\n-0003ac50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c69 The li\n-0003ac60: 7374 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 206f 7264 st is always ord\n-0003ac70: 6572 6564 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 ered the same as\n-0003ac80: 2074 6865 2068 6172 6477 6172 6527 7320 the hardware's \n-0003ac90: 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 SMBIOS. \n-0003aca0: 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6174 table. The mat\n-0003acb0: 6368 206e 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 ch number must b\n-0003acc0: 6520 6120 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e74 e a positive int\n-0003acd0: 6567 6572 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 eger. If. \n-0003ace0: 2020 2020 756e 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c unspecified,\n-0003acf0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206d 6174 6368 the first match\n-0003ad00: 696e 6720 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 7769 ing structure wi\n-0003ad10: 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2e0a ll be selected..\n-0003ad20: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e . The remain\n-0003ad30: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 ing options dete\n-0003ad40: 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 6669 656c rmine which fiel\n-0003ad50: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 d in the selecte\n-0003ad60: 6420 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 d SMBIOS. st\n-0003ad70: 7275 6374 7572 6520 746f 2072 6574 7572 ructure to retur\n-0003ad80: 6e2e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206f 6620 n. Only one of \n-0003ad90: 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 these options ma\n-0003ada0: 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 y be specified a\n-0003adb0: 740a 2020 2020 2061 2074 696d 652e 0a0a t. a time...\n-0003adc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e ... When\n-0003add0: 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d given ...--get-\n-0003ade0: 6279 7465 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 byte..., return \n-0003adf0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the value of the\n-0003ae00: 2062 7974 6520 6174 0a20 2020 2020 2020 byte at. \n-0003ae10: 2020 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 OFFSET bytes \n-0003ae20: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 into the selecte\n-0003ae30: 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 d SMBIOS structu\n-0003ae40: 7265 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 650a re. It will be.\n-0003ae50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d 6174 format\n-0003ae60: 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e ted as an unsign\n-0003ae70: 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 ed decimal integ\n-0003ae80: 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 er.. ... \n-0003ae90: 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d When given ...--\n-0003aea0: 6765 742d 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 get-word..., ret\n-0003aeb0: 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 urn the value of\n-0003aec0: 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2874 776f 0a20 the word (two. \n-0003aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 bytes) \n-0003aee0: 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 at OFFSET bytes \n-0003aef0: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 into the selecte\n-0003af00: 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 d SMBIOS structu\n-0003af10: 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 re. It. \n-0003af20: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 will be format\n-0003af30: 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e ted as an unsign\n-0003af40: 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 ed decimal integ\n-0003af50: 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 er.. ... \n-0003af60: 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d When given ...--\n-0003af70: 6765 742d 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 get-dword..., re\n-0003af80: 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f turn the value o\n-0003af90: 6620 7468 6520 6477 6f72 6420 2866 6f75 f the dword (fou\n-0003afa0: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 r. byte\n-0003afb0: 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 s) at OFFSET byt\n-0003afc0: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 es into the sele\n-0003afd0: 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 cted SMBIOS stru\n-0003afe0: 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 cture. It. \n-0003aff0: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 will be for\n-0003b000: 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 matted as an uns\n-0003b010: 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e igned decimal in\n-0003b020: 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 teger.. .\n-0003b030: 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 .. When given ..\n-0003b040: 982d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 e280 992c .--get-qword...,\n-0003b050: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 return the valu\n-0003b060: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2071 776f 7264 2028 e of the qword (\n-0003b070: 6569 6768 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eight. \n-0003b080: 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 bytes) at OFFSET\n-0003b090: 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 bytes into the \n-0003b0a0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 selected SMBIOS \n-0003b0b0: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 structure. It. \n-0003b0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 will be\n-0003b0d0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e formatted as an\n-0003b0e0: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 unsigned decima\n-0003b0f0: 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 l integer.. \n-0003b100: 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 ... When give\n-0003b110: 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e n ...--get-strin\n-0003b120: 67e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 g..., return the\n-0003b130: 2073 7472 696e 6720 7769 7468 2069 7473 string with its\n-0003b140: 2069 6e64 6578 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 index. \n-0003b150: 2066 6f75 6e64 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 found at OFFSET\n-0003b160: 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 bytes into the \n-0003b170: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 selected SMBIOS \n-0003b180: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 structure.. \n-0003b190: 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 ... When give\n-0003b1a0: 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d75 7569 64e2 n ...--get-uuid.\n-0003b1b0: 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 .., return the v\n-0003b1c0: 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 5555 4944 alue of the UUID\n-0003b1d0: 2028 7369 7874 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 (sixteen. \n-0003b1e0: 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 bytes) at OF\n-0003b1f0: 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 FSET bytes into \n-0003b200: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 the selected SMB\n-0003b210: 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 IOS structure. \n-0003b220: 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c It. wil\n-0003b230: 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 l be formatted a\n-0003b240: 7320 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 7365 2068 7970 s lower-case hyp\n-0003b250: 6865 6e61 7465 6420 6865 7861 6465 6369 henated hexadeci\n-0003b260: 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 mal digits,. \n-0003b270: 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 2066 with the f\n-0003b280: 6972 7374 2074 6872 6565 2066 6965 6c64 irst three field\n-0003b290: 7320 6173 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 s as little-endi\n-0003b2a0: 616e 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 7374 an, and the rest\n-0003b2b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 . print\n-0003b2c0: 6564 2062 7974 652d 6279 2d62 7974 652e ed byte-by-byte.\n-0003b2d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 .. The defau\n-0003b2e0: 6c74 2061 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6f20 lt action is to \n-0003b2f0: 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 print the value \n-0003b300: 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 of the requested\n-0003b310: 2066 6965 6c64 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 field to. t\n-0003b320: 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 he console, but \n-0003b330: 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 a variable name \n-0003b340: 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 can be specified\n-0003b350: 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 with ...--set..\n-0003b360: 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6f72 6520 . to. store \n-0003b370: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 696e 7374 6561 the value instea\n-0003b380: 6420 6f66 2070 7269 6e74 696e 6720 6974 d of printing it\n-0003b390: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d ... 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Evalu\n-0003b710: 6174 6520 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 2061 ate EXPRESSION a\n-0003b720: 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7a65 726f 2065 nd return zero e\n-0003b730: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 6620 7265 xit status if re\n-0003b740: 7375 6c74 2069 7320 7472 7565 2c0a 2020 sult is true,. \n-0003b750: 2020 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 7374 6174 non zero stat\n-0003b760: 7573 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2e0a 0a20 us otherwise... \n-0003b770: 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 EXPRESSION i\n-0003b780: 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 s one of:.. \n-0003b790: 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983d 3de2 8099 STRING1 ...==...\n-0003b7a0: 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 STRING2. \n-0003b7b0: 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 the strings a\n-0003b7c0: 7265 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 2020 5354 re equal. ST\n-0003b7d0: 5249 4e47 3120 e280 9821 3de2 8099 2053 RING1 ...!=... S\n-0003b7e0: 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 TRING2. \n-0003b7f0: 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7265 the strings are\n-0003b800: 206e 6f74 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 2020 not equal. \n-0003b810: 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983c e280 9920 STRING1 ...<... \n-0003b820: 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 STRING2. \n-0003b830: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 STRING1 is lex\n-0003b840: 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 206c icographically l\n-0003b850: 6573 7320 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 ess than STRING2\n-0003b860: 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 . STRING1 ..\n-0003b870: 983c 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 .<=... STRING2. \n-0003b880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 STRING1\n-0003b890: 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 is lexicographi\n-0003b8a0: 6361 6c6c 7920 6c65 7373 206f 7220 6571 cally less or eq\n-0003b8b0: 7561 6c20 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 ual than STRING2\n-0003b8c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 . 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FILE. \n-0003bea0: 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 0a20 2020 FILE exists. \n-0003beb0: 2020 e280 982d 66e2 8099 2046 494c 450a ...-f... FILE.\n-0003bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2065 FILE e\n-0003bed0: 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 xists and is not\n-0003bee0: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 2020 a directory. \n-0003bef0: 2020 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2046 494c 450a ...-s... FILE.\n-0003bf00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2065 FILE e\n-0003bf10: 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6861 7320 6120 xists and has a \n-0003bf20: 7369 7a65 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 size greater tha\n-0003bf30: 6e20 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d n zero. ...-\n-0003bf40: 6ee2 8099 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 2020 n... STRING. \n-0003bf50: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 the length\n-0003bf60: 206f 6620 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 6e6f of STRING is no\n-0003bf70: 6e7a 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e nzero. STRIN\n-0003bf80: 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 G. STRI\n-0003bf90: 4e47 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 NG is equivalent\n-0003bfa0: 2074 6f20 e280 982d 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 to ...-n STRING\n-0003bfb0: e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d7a e280 .... ...-z..\n-0003bfc0: 9920 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 2020 2020 . STRING. \n-0003bfd0: 2020 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 the length of\n-0003bfe0: 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 207a 6572 6f0a STRING is zero.\n-0003bff0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 2045 5850 ...(... EXP\n-0003c000: 5245 5353 494f 4e20 e280 9829 e280 990a RESSION ...)....\n-0003c010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 EXPRES\n-0003c020: 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a20 2020 SION is true. \n-0003c030: 2020 e280 9821 e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 ...!... EXPRES\n-0003c040: 5349 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 SION. E\n-0003c050: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 6973 2066 616c XPRESSION is fal\n-0003c060: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 se. EXPRESSI\n-0003c070: 4f4e 3120 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2045 5850 ON1 ...-a... EXP\n-0003c080: 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 RESSION2. \n-0003c090: 2020 2062 6f74 6820 4558 5052 4553 5349 both EXPRESSI\n-0003c0a0: 4f4e 3120 616e 6420 4558 5052 4553 5349 ON1 and EXPRESSI\n-0003c0b0: 4f4e 3220 6172 6520 7472 7565 0a20 2020 ON2 are true. \n-0003c0c0: 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 4558 EXPRESSION1 EX\n-0003c0d0: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 2020 PRESSION2. \n-0003c0e0: 2020 2020 626f 7468 2045 5850 5245 5353 both EXPRESS\n-0003c0f0: 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 2045 5850 5245 5353 ION1 and EXPRESS\n-0003c100: 494f 4e32 2061 7265 2074 7275 652e 2020 ION2 are true. \n-0003c110: 5468 6973 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 206e This syntax is n\n-0003c120: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 4f53 ot. POS\n-0003c130: 4958 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2061 6e64 IX-compliant and\n-0003c140: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 636f 6d6d 656e is not recommen\n-0003c150: 6465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 ded.. EXPRES\n-0003c160: 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 982d 6fe2 8099 2045 SION1 ...-o... E\n-0003c170: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 XPRESSION2. \n-0003c180: 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 4558 5052 either EXPR\n-0003c190: 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 6f72 2045 5850 5245 ESSION1 or EXPRE\n-0003c1a0: 5353 494f 4e32 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a0a SSION2 is true..\n-0003c1b0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003c1c0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 o, Node: true, \n-0003c1d0: 204e 6578 743a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2050 Next: trust, P\n-0003c1e0: 7265 763a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: test, Up: \n-0003c1f0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0003c200: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3735 2074 mands..17.4.75 t\n-0003c210: 7275 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rue.------------\n-0003c220: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 .. -- Command: t\n-0003c230: 7275 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 rue. Do noth\n-0003c240: 696e 672c 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c ing, successfull\n-0003c250: 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e y. This is main\n-0003c260: 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e ly useful in con\n-0003c270: 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 trol. constr\n-0003c280: 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 ucts such as ...\n-0003c290: 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 6869 if... and ...whi\n-0003c2a0: 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 le... (*note She\n-0003c2b0: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n-0003c2c0: 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 g::).....File: g\n-0003c2d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003c2e0: 2074 7275 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2075 trust, Next: u\n-0003c2f0: 6e73 6574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 7275 nset, Prev: tru\n-0003c300: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n-0003c310: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0003c320: 372e 342e 3736 2074 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.76 trust.---\n-0003c330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003c340: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 7374 205b Command: trust [\n-0003c350: 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 7075 626b --skip-sig] pubk\n-0003c360: 6579 5f66 696c 650a 2020 2020 2052 6561 ey_file. Rea\n-0003c370: 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2066 726f d public key fro\n-0003c380: 6d20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 616e m PUBKEY_FILE an\n-0003c390: 6420 6164 6420 6974 2074 6f20 4752 5542 d add it to GRUB\n-0003c3a0: 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c20 6c69 7374 's internal list\n-0003c3b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 . of trusted\n-0003c3c0: 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 public keys. T\n-0003c3d0: 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 7573 hese keys are us\n-0003c3e0: 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2064 ed to validate d\n-0003c3f0: 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e igital. sign\n-0003c400: 6174 7572 6573 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 atures when envi\n-0003c410: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-0003c420: 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ...check_signat\n-0003c430: 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ures... is set t\n-0003c440: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 o. ...enforc\n-0003c450: 65e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 e.... Note that\n-0003c460: 2069 6620 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 if ...check_sig\n-0003c470: 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 natures... is se\n-0003c480: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 t to ...enforce.\n-0003c490: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e 20e2 8098 ... when ...\n-0003c4a0: 7472 7573 74e2 8099 2065 7865 6375 7465 trust... execute\n-0003c4b0: 732c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 s, then PUBKEY_F\n-0003c4c0: 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c 6620 ILE must itself \n-0003c4d0: 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c 790a 2020 2020 be properly. \n-0003c4e0: 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6520 e280 signed. The ..\n-0003c4f0: 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f .--skip-sig... o\n-0003c500: 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 ption can be use\n-0003c510: 6420 746f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 d to disable. \n-0003c520: 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 652d 6368 6563 signature-chec\n-0003c530: 6b69 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 7265 6164 696e king when readin\n-0003c540: 6720 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6974 g PUBKEY_FILE it\n-0003c550: 7365 6c66 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2065 7870 self. It is exp\n-0003c560: 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 ected. that \n-0003c570: e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 ...--skip-sig...\n-0003c580: 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2074 is useful for t\n-0003c590: 6573 7469 6e67 2061 6e64 206d 616e 7561 esting and manua\n-0003c5a0: 6c20 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 2a4e 6f74 l booting. *Not\n-0003c5b0: 650a 2020 2020 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 e. Using dig\n-0003c5c0: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a ital signatures:\n-0003c5d0: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f :, for more info\n-0003c5e0: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rmation.....File\n-0003c5f0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003c600: 6465 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 de: unset, Next\n-0003c610: 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 : verify_detache\n-0003c620: 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7573 742c d, Prev: trust,\n-0003c630: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0003c640: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0003c650: 342e 3737 2075 6e73 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.77 unset.-----\n-0003c660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003c670: 6d6d 616e 643a 2075 6e73 6574 2065 6e76 mmand: unset env\n-0003c680: 7661 720a 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 2074 var. Unset t\n-0003c690: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 he environment v\n-0003c6a0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e0a ariable ENVVAR..\n-0003c6b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003c6c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 fo, Node: verif\n-0003c6d0: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 204e 6578 y_detached, Nex\n-0003c6e0: 743a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 2050 t: videoinfo, P\n-0003c6f0: 7265 763a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2055 703a rev: unset, Up:\n-0003c700: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0003c710: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3820 mmands..17.4.78 \n-0003c720: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 640a verify_detached.\n-0003c730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003c740: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003c750: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 mand: verify_det\n-0003c760: 6163 6865 6420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 ached [--skip-si\n-0003c770: 675d 2066 696c 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 g] file signatur\n-0003c780: 655f 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e_file. \n-0003c790: 205b 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 655d 0a20 [pubkey_file]. \n-0003c7a0: 2020 2020 5665 7269 6669 6573 2061 2047 Verifies a G\n-0003c7b0: 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 6574 6163 6865 PG-style detache\n-0003c7c0: 6420 7369 676e 6174 7572 652c 2077 6865 d signature, whe\n-0003c7d0: 7265 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6669 re the signed fi\n-0003c7e0: 6c65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2046 494c 452c le is. FILE,\n-0003c7f0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 and the signatu\n-0003c800: 7265 2069 7473 656c 6620 6973 2069 6e20 re itself is in \n-0003c810: 6669 6c65 2053 4947 4e41 5455 5245 5f46 file SIGNATURE_F\n-0003c820: 494c 452e 0a20 2020 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e ILE.. Option\n-0003c830: 616c 6c79 2c20 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 ally, a specific\n-0003c840: 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 746f 2075 public key to u\n-0003c850: 7365 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 se can be specif\n-0003c860: 6965 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2050 ied using. P\n-0003c870: 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2e20 2057 6865 UBKEY_FILE. Whe\n-0003c880: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 n environment va\n-0003c890: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f riable ...check_\n-0003c8a0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 signatures... is\n-0003c8b0: 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 set. to ...\n-0003c8c0: 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e enforce..., then\n-0003c8d0: 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d 7573 PUBKEY_FILE mus\n-0003c8e0: 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 6f70 t itself be prop\n-0003c8f0: 6572 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6279 2061 erly signed by a\n-0003c900: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2d74 n. already-t\n-0003c910: 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 rusted key. An \n-0003c920: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2050 5542 4b45 595f unsigned PUBKEY_\n-0003c930: 4649 4c45 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 FILE can be load\n-0003c940: 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 ed by. speci\n-0003c950: 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d fying ...--skip-\n-0003c960: 7369 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5055 424b sig.... If PUBK\n-0003c970: 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6973 206f 6d69 7474 EY_FILE is omitt\n-0003c980: 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7562 6c69 630a ed, then public.\n-0003c990: 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 keys from G\n-0003c9a0: 5255 4227 7320 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 RUB's trusted ke\n-0003c9b0: 7973 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 ys (*note list_t\n-0003c9c0: 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 rusted::, *note \n-0003c9d0: 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e trust::,. an\n-0003c9e0: 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 d *note distrust\n-0003c9f0: 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 7472 6965 642e 0a0a ::) are tried...\n-0003ca00: 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 Exit code .\n-0003ca10: 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ..$?... is set t\n-0003ca20: 6f20 3020 6966 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 o 0 if the signa\n-0003ca30: 7475 7265 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 2073 ture validates s\n-0003ca40: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 0a20 2020 uccessfully.. \n-0003ca50: 2020 4966 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 If validation \n-0003ca60: 6661 696c 732c 2069 7420 6973 2073 6574 fails, it is set\n-0003ca70: 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2076 to a non-zero v\n-0003ca80: 616c 7565 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 alue. *Note Usi\n-0003ca90: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6769 7461 6c20 ng. digital \n-0003caa0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f signatures::, fo\n-0003cab0: 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 r more informati\n-0003cac0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n-0003cad0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 b.info, Node: v\n-0003cae0: 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6578 743a ideoinfo, Next:\n-0003caf0: 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2076 wrmsr, Prev: v\n-0003cb00: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 erify_detached, \n-0003cb10: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0003cb20: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0003cb30: 2e37 3920 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d .79 videoinfo.--\n-0003cb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0003cb50: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7669 . -- Command: vi\n-0003cb60: 6465 6f69 6e66 6f20 5b5b 5778 485d 7844 deoinfo [[WxH]xD\n-0003cb70: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 ]. List avai\n-0003cb80: 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 lable video mode\n-0003cb90: 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f s. If resolutio\n-0003cba0: 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7368 6f77 n is given, show\n-0003cbb0: 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 206d 6174 6368 only. match\n-0003cbc0: 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ing modes.....Fi\n-0003cbd0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003cbe0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 722c 2020 5072 Node: wrmsr, Pr\n-0003cbf0: 6576 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 ev: videoinfo, \n-0003cc00: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0003cc10: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0003cc20: 3830 2077 726d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 80 wrmsr.-------\n-0003cc30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003cc40: 616e 643a 3a20 7772 6d73 7220 3078 4144 and:: wrmsr 0xAD\n-0003cc50: 4452 2030 7856 414c 5545 0a20 2020 2020 DR 0xVALUE. \n-0003cc60: 5772 6974 6520 6120 3078 5641 4c55 4520 Write a 0xVALUE \n-0003cc70: 746f 2061 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 to a model-speci\n-0003cc80: 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 2061 7420 fic register at \n-0003cc90: 6164 6472 6573 7320 3078 4144 4452 2e0a address 0xADDR..\n-0003cca0: 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6561 7365 206e 6f74 . Please not\n-0003ccb0: 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e20 534d 5020 7379 e that on SMP sy\n-0003ccc0: 7374 656d 732c 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2074 stems, writing t\n-0003ccd0: 6f20 6120 4d53 5220 7468 6174 2068 6173 o a MSR that has\n-0003cce0: 2061 2073 636f 7065 0a20 2020 2020 7065 a scope. pe\n-0003ccf0: 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2074 6872 6561 r hardware threa\n-0003cd00: 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 6861 7420 d, implies that \n-0003cd10: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2069 the value that i\n-0003cd20: 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 s written only. \n-0003cd30: 2020 2020 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 applies to t\n-0003cd40: 6865 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 he particular cp\n-0003cd50: 752f 636f 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 u/core/thread th\n-0003cd60: 6174 2072 756e 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d at runs the comm\n-0003cd70: 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c and... Also,\n-0003cd80: 2069 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 if you specify \n-0003cd90: 6120 7265 7365 7276 6564 206f 7220 756e a reserved or un\n-0003cda0: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 4d53 5220 implemented MSR \n-0003cdb0: 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 740a 2020 2020 address, it. \n-0003cdc0: 2077 696c 6c20 6361 7573 6520 6120 6765 will cause a ge\n-0003cdd0: 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e neral protection\n-0003cde0: 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2028 7768 6963 exception (whic\n-0003cdf0: 6820 6973 206e 6f74 2063 7572 7265 6e74 h is not current\n-0003ce00: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e 6720 6861 ly. being ha\n-0003ce10: 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 ndled) and the s\n-0003ce20: 7973 7465 6d20 7769 6c6c 2072 6562 6f6f ystem will reboo\n-0003ce30: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 t... Note: T\n-0003ce40: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f he command is no\n-0003ce50: 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c t allowed when l\n-0003ce60: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 ockdown is enfor\n-0003ce70: 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ced (*note. \n-0003ce80: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 Lockdown::). Th\n-0003ce90: 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 7072 is is done to pr\n-0003cea0: 6576 656e 7420 7375 6276 6572 7469 6e67 event subverting\n-0003ceb0: 2076 6172 696f 7573 2073 6563 7572 6974 various securit\n-0003cec0: 790a 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d y. mechanism\n-0003ced0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-0003cee0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 .info, Node: Ne\n-0003cef0: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003cf00: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 556e 646f 6375 s, Next: Undocu\n-0003cf10: 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c mented commands,\n-0003cf20: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d Prev: Command-\n-0003cf30: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 line commands, \n-0003cf40: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 Up: Commands..17\n-0003cf50: 2e35 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f .5 Networking co\n-0003cf60: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mmands.=========\n-0003cf70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-0003cf80: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6e65 745f .* Menu:..* net_\n-0003cf90: 6164 645f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 add_addr:: \n-0003cfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 6120 Add a \n-0003cfb0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6164 6472 6573 730a network address.\n-0003cfc0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 733a 3a20 * net_add_dns:: \n-0003cfd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003cfe0: 4164 6420 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 Add a DNS server\n-0003cff0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 .* net_add_route\n-0003d000: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0003d010: 2041 6464 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 Add routing ent\n-0003d020: 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a3a ry.* net_bootp::\n-0003d030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d040: 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2062 6f6f Perform a boo\n-0003d050: 7470 2f44 4843 5020 6175 746f 636f 6e66 tp/DHCP autoconf\n-0003d060: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f iguration.* net_\n-0003d070: 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 del_addr:: \n-0003d080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 Remove\n-0003d090: 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6672 6f6d IP address from\n-0003d0a0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 206e 6574 interface.* net\n-0003d0b0: 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 _del_dns:: \n-0003d0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 Remov\n-0003d0d0: 6520 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 0a2a e a DNS server.*\n-0003d0e0: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a net_del_route::\n-0003d0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n-0003d100: 656d 6f76 6520 6120 726f 7574 6520 656e emove a route en\n-0003d110: 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a try.* net_dhcp::\n-0003d120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d130: 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 4448 Perform a DH\n-0003d140: 4350 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 CP autoconfigura\n-0003d150: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 tion.* net_get_d\n-0003d160: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 hcp_option:: \n-0003d170: 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 4448 Retrieve DH\n-0003d180: 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a2a 206e 6574 CP options.* net\n-0003d190: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 3a3a _ipv6_autoconf::\n-0003d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f Perfo\n-0003d1b0: 726d 2049 5076 3620 6175 746f 636f 6e66 rm IPv6 autoconf\n-0003d1c0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f iguration.* net_\n-0003d1d0: 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ls_addr:: \n-0003d1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2069 List i\n-0003d1f0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 730a 2a20 6e65 745f nterfaces.* net_\n-0003d200: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 ls_cards:: \n-0003d210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206e List n\n-0003d220: 6574 776f 726b 2063 6172 6473 0a2a 206e etwork cards.* n\n-0003d230: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 et_ls_dns:: \n-0003d240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 Lis\n-0003d250: 7420 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 730a 2a20 t DNS servers.* \n-0003d260: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 733a 3a20 net_ls_routes:: \n-0003d270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 Li\n-0003d280: 7374 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 st routing entri\n-0003d290: 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 es.* net_nslooku\n-0003d2a0: 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p:: \n-0003d2b0: 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 4e53 Perform a DNS\n-0003d2c0: 206c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2a20 6e65 745f 7365 lookup.* net_se\n-0003d2d0: 745f 766c 616e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_vlan:: \n-0003d2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 766c 616e Set vlan\n-0003d2f0: 2069 6420 6f6e 2061 6e20 696e 7465 7266 id on an interf\n-0003d300: 6163 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ace....File: gru\n-0003d310: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-0003d320: 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 et_add_addr, Ne\n-0003d330: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c xt: net_add_dns,\n-0003d340: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n-0003d350: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n-0003d360: 3120 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 0a2d 1 net_add_addr.-\n-0003d370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003d380: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003d390: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 7220 494e net_add_addr IN\n-0003d3a0: 5445 5246 4143 4520 4341 5244 2041 4444 TERFACE CARD ADD\n-0003d3b0: 5245 5353 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6e66 6967 RESS. Config\n-0003d3c0: 7572 6520 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206e ure additional n\n-0003d3d0: 6574 776f 726b 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 etwork INTERFACE\n-0003d3e0: 2077 6974 6820 4144 4452 4553 5320 6f6e with ADDRESS on\n-0003d3f0: 2061 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 a network. \n-0003d400: 4341 5244 2e20 2041 4444 5245 5353 2063 CARD. ADDRESS c\n-0003d410: 616e 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2049 5020 an be either IP \n-0003d420: 696e 2064 6f74 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 in dotted decima\n-0003d430: 6c20 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 0a20 l notation, or. \n-0003d440: 2020 2020 7379 6d62 6f6c 6963 206e 616d symbolic nam\n-0003d450: 6520 7768 6963 6820 6973 2072 6573 6f6c e which is resol\n-0003d460: 7665 6420 7573 696e 6720 444e 5320 6c6f ved using DNS lo\n-0003d470: 6f6b 7570 2e20 2049 6620 7375 6363 6573 okup. If succes\n-0003d480: 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 sful,. this \n-0003d490: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6464 command also add\n-0003d4a0: 7320 6c6f 6361 6c20 6c69 6e6b 2072 6f75 s local link rou\n-0003d4b0: 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6f20 7468 ting entry to th\n-0003d4c0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 2073 e default. s\n-0003d4d0: 7562 6e65 7420 6f66 2041 4444 5245 5353 ubnet of ADDRESS\n-0003d4e0: 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2049 4e54 4552 with name INTER\n-0003d4f0: 4641 4345 e280 983a 6c6f 6361 6ce2 8099 FACE...:local...\n-0003d500: 2076 6961 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2e0a via INTERFACE..\n-0003d510: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003d520: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 fo, Node: net_a\n-0003d530: 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e dd_dns, Next: n\n-0003d540: 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 et_add_route, P\n-0003d550: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 rev: net_add_add\n-0003d560: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 r, Up: Networki\n-0003d570: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n-0003d580: 352e 3220 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 730a 5.2 net_add_dns.\n-0003d590: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003d5a0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003d5b0: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2053 4552 net_add_dns SER\n-0003d5c0: 5645 520a 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 VER. Resolve\n-0003d5d0: 2053 4552 5645 5220 4950 2061 6464 7265 SERVER IP addre\n-0003d5e0: 7373 2061 6e64 2061 6464 2074 6f20 7468 ss and add to th\n-0003d5f0: 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 444e 5320 7365 e list of DNS se\n-0003d600: 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 rvers used. \n-0003d610: 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b during name look\n-0003d620: 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 up.....File: gru\n-0003d630: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-0003d640: 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 204e et_add_route, N\n-0003d650: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 ext: net_bootp, \n-0003d660: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 Prev: net_add_d\n-0003d670: 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b ns, Up: Network\n-0003d680: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n-0003d690: 2e35 2e33 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 .5.3 net_add_rou\n-0003d6a0: 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d te.-------------\n-0003d6b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003d6c0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f mand: net_add_ro\n-0003d6d0: 7574 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d 4520 4950 ute SHORTNAME IP\n-0003d6e0: 5b2f 5052 4546 4958 5d20 5b49 4e54 4552 [/PREFIX] [INTER\n-0003d6f0: 4641 4345 207c 2067 770a 2020 2020 2020 FACE | gw. \n-0003d700: 2020 2020 4741 5445 5741 595d 0a20 2020 GATEWAY]. \n-0003d710: 2020 4164 6420 726f 7574 6520 746f 206e Add route to n\n-0003d720: 6574 776f 726b 2077 6974 6820 6164 6472 etwork with addr\n-0003d730: 6573 7320 4950 2061 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 ess IP as modifi\n-0003d740: 6564 2062 7920 5052 4546 4958 2076 6961 ed by PREFIX via\n-0003d750: 0a20 2020 2020 6569 7468 6572 206c 6f63 . either loc\n-0003d760: 616c 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 206f 7220 al INTERFACE or \n-0003d770: 4741 5445 5741 592e 2020 5052 4546 4958 GATEWAY. PREFIX\n-0003d780: 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 is optional and\n-0003d790: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 defaults. t\n-0003d7a0: 6f20 3332 2066 6f72 2049 5076 3420 6164 o 32 for IPv4 ad\n-0003d7b0: 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 3132 3820 666f dress and 128 fo\n-0003d7c0: 7220 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 r IPv6 address. \n-0003d7d0: 2052 6f75 7465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2069 Route is. i\n-0003d7e0: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f dentified by SHO\n-0003d7f0: 5254 4e41 4d45 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e RTNAME which can\n-0003d800: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f be used to remo\n-0003d810: 7665 2069 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 ve it (*note. \n-0003d820: 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a net_del_route:\n-0003d830: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n-0003d840: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-0003d850: 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 204e 6578 743a et_bootp, Next:\n-0003d860: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 net_del_addr, \n-0003d870: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f Prev: net_add_ro\n-0003d880: 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 ute, Up: Networ\n-0003d890: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n-0003d8a0: 372e 352e 3420 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 700a 7.5.4 net_bootp.\n-0003d8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003d8c0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-0003d8d0: 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 205b 4341 5244 5d0a et_bootp [CARD].\n-0003d8e0: 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 206e Alias for n\n-0003d8f0: 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d et_dhcp, for com\n-0003d900: 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 6820 patibility with \n-0003d910: 6f6c 6465 7220 4772 7562 2076 6572 7369 older Grub versi\n-0003d920: 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5769 6c6c 2070 ons.. Will p\n-0003d930: 6572 666f 726d 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 erform the same \n-0003d940: 4448 4350 2068 616e 6473 6861 6b65 2077 DHCP handshake w\n-0003d950: 6974 6820 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6661 ith potential fa\n-0003d960: 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2042 llback to. B\n-0003d970: 4f4f 5450 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e65 745f OOTP as the net_\n-0003d980: 6468 6370 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e dhcp command (*n\n-0003d990: 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a 292e ote net_dhcp::).\n-0003d9a0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003d9b0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-0003d9c0: 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a del_addr, Next:\n-0003d9d0: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 net_del_dns, P\n-0003d9e0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 rev: net_bootp, \n-0003d9f0: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n-0003da00: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e35 commands..17.5.5\n-0003da10: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d net_del_addr.--\n+00039c20: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6566 740a 2020 2020 Left. \n+00039c30: 2072 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 right \n+00039c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n+00039c50: 6967 6874 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 7320 7765 ight.. As we\n+00039c60: 6c6c 2061 7320 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 ll as keystrokes\n+00039c70: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 , the ...sendkey\n+00039c80: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7461 6b65 ... command take\n+00039c90: 7320 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e s various option\n+00039ca0: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 6166 6665 s. that affe\n+00039cb0: 6374 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 ct the BIOS keyb\n+00039cc0: 6f61 7264 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 oard status flag\n+00039cd0: 732e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e s. These option\n+00039ce0: 7320 7461 6b65 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 s take an. .\n+00039cf0: 8098 6f6e e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6f66 ..on... or ...of\n+00039d00: 66e2 8099 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 f... parameter, \n+00039d10: 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6861 7420 specifying that \n+00039d20: 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e the correspondin\n+00039d30: 6720 7374 6174 7573 0a20 2020 2020 666c g status. fl\n+00039d40: 6167 2062 6520 7365 7420 6f72 2075 6e73 ag be set or uns\n+00039d50: 6574 3b20 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 et; omitting the\n+00039d60: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6120 6769 option for a gi\n+00039d70: 7665 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 670a ven status flag.\n+00039d80: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6c65 6176 6520 will leave \n+00039d90: 7468 6174 2066 6c61 6720 6174 2069 7473 that flag at its\n+00039da0: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2073 7461 7465 2061 initial state a\n+00039db0: 7420 626f 6f74 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 t boot. The ...\n+00039dc0: 2d2d 6e75 6de2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 --num...,. .\n+00039dd0: 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ..--caps..., ...\n+00039de0: 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c e280 992c 2061 6e64 --scroll..., and\n+00039df0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 e280 9920 ...--insert... \n+00039e00: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 options emulate \n+00039e10: 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 setting the. \n+00039e20: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 206d corresponding m\n+00039e30: 6f64 652c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 20e2 ode, while the .\n+00039e40: 8098 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 e280 992c 20e2 ..--numkey..., .\n+00039e50: 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 6b65 79e2 8099 2c0a ..--capskey...,.\n+00039e60: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c ...--scroll\n+00039e70: 6b65 79e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d key..., and ...-\n+00039e80: 2d69 6e73 6572 746b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 -insertkey... op\n+00039e90: 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 7072 tions emulate pr\n+00039ea0: 6573 7369 6e67 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 essing and. \n+00039eb0: 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 7272 holding the corr\n+00039ec0: 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 6b65 792e 2020 esponding key. \n+00039ed0: 5468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 7374 6174 7573 The other status\n+00039ee0: 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 flag options ar\n+00039ef0: 650a 2020 2020 2073 656c 662d 6578 706c e. self-expl\n+00039f00: 616e 6174 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 anatory... I\n+00039f10: 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6c65 f the ...--no-le\n+00039f20: 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 d... option is g\n+00039f30: 6976 656e 2c20 7468 6520 7374 6174 7573 iven, the status\n+00039f40: 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 flag options wi\n+00039f50: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6861 7665 206e 6f20 ll. have no \n+00039f60: 6566 6665 6374 206f 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 effect on keyboa\n+00039f70: 7264 204c 4544 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 rd LEDs... I\n+00039f80: 6620 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 f the ...sendkey\n+00039f90: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2067 ... command is g\n+00039fa0: 6976 656e 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7469 iven multiple ti\n+00039fb0: 6d65 732c 2074 6865 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2074 mes, then only t\n+00039fc0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7374 2069 6e76 he. last inv\n+00039fd0: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6861 7320 616e 7920 ocation has any \n+00039fe0: 6566 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5369 effect... Si\n+00039ff0: 6e63 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 nce ...sendkey..\n+0003a000: 9920 6d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 7320 7468 . manipulates th\n+0003a010: 6520 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 e BIOS keyboard \n+0003a020: 6275 6666 6572 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2063 buffer, it may c\n+0003a030: 6175 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 732c ause. hangs,\n+0003a040: 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 reboots, or oth\n+0003a050: 6572 206d 6973 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 er misbehaviour \n+0003a060: 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e on some systems.\n+0003a070: 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 If the. op\n+0003a080: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f erating system o\n+0003a090: 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 r boot loader th\n+0003a0a0: 6174 2072 756e 7320 6166 7465 7220 4752 at runs after GR\n+0003a0b0: 5542 2075 7365 7320 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a UB uses its own.\n+0003a0c0: 2020 2020 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6472 keyboard dr\n+0003a0d0: 6976 6572 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e iver rather than\n+0003a0e0: 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 the BIOS keyboa\n+0003a0f0: 7264 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 rd functions, th\n+0003a100: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 656e 646b en. ...sendk\n+0003a110: 6579 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 ey... will have \n+0003a120: 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 no effect... \n+0003a130: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n+0003a140: 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 only available \n+0003a150: 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 on PC BIOS syste\n+0003a160: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n+0003a170: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n+0003a180: 6574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3173 et, Next: sha1s\n+0003a190: 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 656e 646b um, Prev: sendk\n+0003a1a0: 6579 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ey, Up: Command\n+0003a1b0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0003a1c0: 3137 2e34 2e36 3720 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 17.4.67 set.----\n+0003a1d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003a1e0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 7420 5b65 6e76 7661 mand: set [envva\n+0003a1f0: 723d 7661 6c75 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5365 r=value]. Se\n+0003a200: 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e t the environmen\n+0003a210: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 t variable ENVVA\n+0003a220: 5220 746f 2056 414c 5545 2e20 2049 6620 R to VALUE. If \n+0003a230: 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f0a invoked with no.\n+0003a240: 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 arguments, \n+0003a250: 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 656e 7669 726f print all enviro\n+0003a260: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 nment variables \n+0003a270: 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 2076 616c 7565 with their value\n+0003a280: 732e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 s. For. the\n+0003a290: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e list of environ\n+0003a2a0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2063 ment variables c\n+0003a2b0: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6279 urrently used by\n+0003a2c0: 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2073 6565 GRUB itself see\n+0003a2d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7265 6c65 7661 . the releva\n+0003a2e0: 6e74 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 202a 6e6f 7465 nt section *note\n+0003a2f0: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 2e0a Environment::..\n+0003a300: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003a310: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3173 fo, Node: sha1s\n+0003a320: 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3235 um, Next: sha25\n+0003a330: 3673 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6574 6sum, Prev: set\n+0003a340: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0003a350: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0003a360: 2e34 2e36 3820 7368 6131 7375 6d0a 2d2d .4.68 sha1sum.--\n+0003a370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003a380: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6131 -- Command: sha1\n+0003a390: 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 sum arg .... \n+0003a3a0: 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 Alias for ...ha\n+0003a3b0: 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 shsum --hash sha\n+0003a3c0: 3120 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 1 arg ....... S\n+0003a3d0: 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 ee command ...ha\n+0003a3e0: 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a shsum.... (*\n+0003a3f0: 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 note hashsum::) \n+0003a400: 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 for full descrip\n+0003a410: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+0003a420: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003a430: 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 204e 6578 sha256sum, Nex\n+0003a440: 743a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2050 t: sha512sum, P\n+0003a450: 7265 763a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2055 rev: sha1sum, U\n+0003a460: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0003a470: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 commands..17.4.6\n+0003a480: 3920 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 9 sha256sum.----\n+0003a490: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003a4a0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6132 -- Command: sha2\n+0003a4b0: 3536 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 56sum arg .... \n+0003a4c0: 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 Alias for ...\n+0003a4d0: 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 hashsum --hash s\n+0003a4e0: 6861 3235 3620 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 ha256 arg ......\n+0003a4f0: 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 . See command .\n+0003a500: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 ..hashsum.... \n+0003a510: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d (*note hashsum\n+0003a520: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 ::) for full des\n+0003a530: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c cription.....Fil\n+0003a540: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003a550: 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 ode: sha512sum, \n+0003a560: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 2050 Next: sleep, P\n+0003a570: 7265 763a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 rev: sha256sum, \n+0003a580: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0003a590: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0003a5a0: 2e37 3020 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d0a 2d2d .70 sha512sum.--\n+0003a5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003a5c0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 . -- Command: sh\n+0003a5d0: 6135 3132 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a a512sum arg ....\n+0003a5e0: 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 Alias for .\n+0003a5f0: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 ..hashsum --hash\n+0003a600: 2073 6861 3531 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 sha512 arg ....\n+0003a610: 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ... See command\n+0003a620: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 ...hashsum.... \n+0003a630: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 (*note hashs\n+0003a640: 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 um::) for full d\n+0003a650: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 escription.....F\n+0003a660: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003a670: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 204e Node: sleep, N\n+0003a680: 6578 743a 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5072 ext: smbios, Pr\n+0003a690: 6576 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 ev: sha512sum, \n+0003a6a0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0003a6b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0003a6c0: 3731 2073 6c65 6570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 71 sleep.-------\n+0003a6d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0003a6e0: 616e 643a 2073 6c65 6570 205b 2d2d 7665 and: sleep [--ve\n+0003a6f0: 7262 6f73 655d 205b 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 rbose] [--interr\n+0003a700: 7570 7469 626c 655d 2063 6f75 6e74 0a20 uptible] count. \n+0003a710: 2020 2020 536c 6565 7020 666f 7220 434f Sleep for CO\n+0003a720: 554e 5420 7365 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4966 UNT seconds. If\n+0003a730: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d69 6e74 option ...--int\n+0003a740: 6572 7275 7074 6962 6c65 e280 9920 6973 erruptible... is\n+0003a750: 2067 6976 656e 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c given,. all\n+0003a760: 6f77 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c45 5343 ow pressing , or holdi\n+0003a780: 6e67 2064 6f77 6e20 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 ng down \n+0003a790: 746f 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 0a20 2020 to interrupt. \n+0003a7a0: 2020 736c 6565 702e 2020 5769 7468 20e2 sleep. With .\n+0003a7b0: 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 2073 ..--verbose... s\n+0003a7c0: 686f 7720 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 6f66 how countdown of\n+0003a7d0: 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 6563 6f6e remaining secon\n+0003a7e0: 6473 2e20 2045 7869 740a 2020 2020 2063 ds. Exit. c\n+0003a7f0: 6f64 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 ode is set to 0 \n+0003a800: 6966 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 if timeout expir\n+0003a810: 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 3120 6966 2074 ed and to 1 if t\n+0003a820: 696d 656f 7574 2077 6173 0a20 2020 2020 imeout was. \n+0003a830: 696e 7465 7272 7570 7465 6420 7573 696e interrupted usin\n+0003a840: 6720 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e g any of the men\n+0003a850: 7469 6f6e 6564 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a tioned keys.....\n+0003a860: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003a870: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 Node: smbios, \n+0003a880: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 Next: source, \n+0003a890: 5072 6576 3a20 736c 6565 702c 2020 5570 Prev: sleep, Up\n+0003a8a0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0003a8b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3732 ommands..17.4.72\n+0003a8c0: 2073 6d62 696f 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d smbios.--------\n+0003a8d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0003a8e0: 616e 643a 2073 6d62 696f 7320 5b2d 2d74 and: smbios [--t\n+0003a8f0: 7970 6520 5459 5045 5d20 5b2d 2d68 616e ype TYPE] [--han\n+0003a900: 646c 6520 4841 4e44 4c45 5d20 5b2d 2d6d dle HANDLE] [--m\n+0003a910: 6174 6368 204d 4154 4348 5d0a 2020 2020 atch MATCH]. \n+0003a920: 2020 2020 2020 282d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 (--get-byt\n+0003a930: 6520 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 207c e | --get-word |\n+0003a940: 202d 2d67 6574 2d64 776f 7264 207c 202d --get-dword | -\n+0003a950: 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 207c 0a20 2020 -get-qword |. \n+0003a960: 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 --get-str\n+0003a970: 696e 6720 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 6964 ing | --get-uuid\n+0003a980: 2920 4f46 4653 4554 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 ) OFFSET [--set \n+0003a990: 5641 5249 4142 4c45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 VARIABLE]. R\n+0003a9a0: 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 etrieve SMBIOS i\n+0003a9b0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 nformation... \n+0003a9c0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6d62 696f 73e2 The ...smbios.\n+0003a9d0: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 .. command retur\n+0003a9e0: 6e73 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 ns the value of \n+0003a9f0: 6120 6669 656c 6420 696e 2061 6e20 534d a field in an SM\n+0003aa00: 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 BIOS. struct\n+0003aa10: 7572 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ure. The follow\n+0003aa20: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 ing options dete\n+0003aa30: 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 7374 7275 rmine which stru\n+0003aa40: 6374 7572 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 cture to. se\n+0003aa50: 6c65 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 lect... .\n+0003aa60: 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 .. Specifying ..\n+0003aa70: 982d 2d74 7970 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 .--type... will \n+0003aa80: 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 select structure\n+0003aa90: 7320 7769 7468 2061 206d 6174 6368 696e s with a matchin\n+0003aaa0: 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5459 5045 g. TYPE\n+0003aab0: 2e20 2054 6865 2074 7970 6520 6361 6e20 . The type can \n+0003aac0: 6265 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2066 be any integer f\n+0003aad0: 726f 6d20 3020 746f 2032 3535 2e0a 2020 rom 0 to 255.. \n+0003aae0: 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 6966 ... Specif\n+0003aaf0: 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 ying ...--handle\n+0003ab00: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 ... will select \n+0003ab10: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 structures with \n+0003ab20: 6120 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 a matching. \n+0003ab30: 2020 2020 2048 414e 444c 452e 2020 5468 HANDLE. Th\n+0003ab40: 6520 6861 6e64 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 e handle can be \n+0003ab50: 616e 7920 696e 7465 6765 7220 6672 6f6d any integer from\n+0003ab60: 2030 2074 6f20 3635 3533 352e 0a20 2020 0 to 65535.. \n+0003ab70: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 ... Specify\n+0003ab80: 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d6d 6174 6368 e280 ing ...--match..\n+0003ab90: 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 . will select st\n+0003aba0: 7275 6374 7572 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 204d ructure number M\n+0003abb0: 4154 4348 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ATCH in the. \n+0003abc0: 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206c filtered l\n+0003abd0: 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 ist of structure\n+0003abe0: 733b 2065 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 736d 6269 s; e.g. ...smbi\n+0003abf0: 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 6520 3420 2d2d 6d61 os --type 4 --ma\n+0003ac00: 7463 6820 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tch 2.... \n+0003ac10: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 will select t\n+0003ac20: 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 5072 6f63 6573 he second Proces\n+0003ac30: 7320 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 2854 s Information (T\n+0003ac40: 7970 6520 3429 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 ype 4) structure\n+0003ac50: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 .. The \n+0003ac60: 6c69 7374 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 206f list is always o\n+0003ac70: 7264 6572 6564 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 rdered the same \n+0003ac80: 6173 2074 6865 2068 6172 6477 6172 6527 as the hardware'\n+0003ac90: 7320 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 2020 s SMBIOS. \n+0003aca0: 2020 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 206d table. The m\n+0003acb0: 6174 6368 206e 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 atch number must\n+0003acc0: 2062 6520 6120 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 be a positive i\n+0003acd0: 6e74 6567 6572 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 nteger. If. \n+0003ace0: 2020 2020 2020 756e 7370 6563 6966 6965 unspecifie\n+0003acf0: 642c 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206d 6174 d, the first mat\n+0003ad00: 6368 696e 6720 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 ching structure \n+0003ad10: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 will be selected\n+0003ad20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 ... The rema\n+0003ad30: 696e 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 ining options de\n+0003ad40: 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 6669 termine which fi\n+0003ad50: 656c 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 eld in the selec\n+0003ad60: 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 ted SMBIOS. \n+0003ad70: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 746f 2072 6574 structure to ret\n+0003ad80: 7572 6e2e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206f urn. Only one o\n+0003ad90: 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 f these options \n+0003ada0: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 may be specified\n+0003adb0: 2061 740a 2020 2020 2061 2074 696d 652e at. a time.\n+0003adc0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 .. ... Wh\n+0003add0: 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 en given ...--ge\n+0003ade0: 742d 6279 7465 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 t-byte..., retur\n+0003adf0: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 n the value of t\n+0003ae00: 6865 2062 7974 6520 6174 0a20 2020 2020 he byte at. \n+0003ae10: 2020 2020 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 OFFSET byte\n+0003ae20: 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 s into the selec\n+0003ae30: 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 ted SMBIOS struc\n+0003ae40: 7475 7265 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 ture. It will b\n+0003ae50: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d e. form\n+0003ae60: 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 atted as an unsi\n+0003ae70: 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 gned decimal int\n+0003ae80: 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 eger.. ..\n+0003ae90: a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 . When given ...\n+0003aea0: 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 --get-word..., r\n+0003aeb0: 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 eturn the value \n+0003aec0: 6f66 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2874 776f of the word (two\n+0003aed0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 . bytes\n+0003aee0: 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 ) at OFFSET byte\n+0003aef0: 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 s into the selec\n+0003af00: 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 ted SMBIOS struc\n+0003af10: 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 ture. It. \n+0003af20: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d will be form\n+0003af30: 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 atted as an unsi\n+0003af40: 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 gned decimal int\n+0003af50: 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 eger.. ..\n+0003af60: a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 . When given ...\n+0003af70: 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 --get-dword..., \n+0003af80: 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 return the value\n+0003af90: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6477 6f72 6420 2866 of the dword (f\n+0003afa0: 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 our. by\n+0003afb0: 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 tes) at OFFSET b\n+0003afc0: 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 ytes into the se\n+0003afd0: 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 lected SMBIOS st\n+0003afe0: 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 ructure. It. \n+0003aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 will be f\n+0003b000: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 ormatted as an u\n+0003b010: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 nsigned decimal \n+0003b020: 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 integer.. \n+0003b030: 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 ... When given \n+0003b040: e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 e280 ...--get-qword..\n+0003b050: 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 ., return the va\n+0003b060: 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2071 776f 7264 lue of the qword\n+0003b070: 2028 6569 6768 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 (eight. \n+0003b080: 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 bytes) at OFFS\n+0003b090: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n+0003b0a0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n+0003b0b0: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 S structure. It\n+0003b0c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 . will \n+0003b0d0: 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 be formatted as \n+0003b0e0: 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 an unsigned deci\n+0003b0f0: 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 mal integer.. \n+0003b100: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 ... When gi\n+0003b110: 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 ven ...--get-str\n+0003b120: 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 ing..., return t\n+0003b130: 6865 2073 7472 696e 6720 7769 7468 2069 he string with i\n+0003b140: 7473 2069 6e64 6578 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ts index. \n+0003b150: 2020 2066 6f75 6e64 2061 7420 4f46 4653 found at OFFS\n+0003b160: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n+0003b170: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n+0003b180: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 S structure.. \n+0003b190: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 ... When gi\n+0003b1a0: 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d75 7569 ven ...--get-uui\n+0003b1b0: 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 d..., return the\n+0003b1c0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 5555 value of the UU\n+0003b1d0: 4944 2028 7369 7874 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 ID (sixteen. \n+0003b1e0: 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 bytes) at \n+0003b1f0: 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 OFFSET bytes int\n+0003b200: 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 o the selected S\n+0003b210: 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e MBIOS structure.\n+0003b220: 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 It. w\n+0003b230: 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 ill be formatted\n+0003b240: 2061 7320 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 7365 2068 as lower-case h\n+0003b250: 7970 6865 6e61 7465 6420 6865 7861 6465 yphenated hexade\n+0003b260: 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 2c0a 2020 cimal digits,. \n+0003b270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 with the\n+0003b280: 2066 6972 7374 2074 6872 6565 2066 6965 first three fie\n+0003b290: 6c64 7320 6173 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e lds as little-en\n+0003b2a0: 6469 616e 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 dian, and the re\n+0003b2b0: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7269 st. pri\n+0003b2c0: 6e74 6564 2062 7974 652d 6279 2d62 7974 nted byte-by-byt\n+0003b2d0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 e... The def\n+0003b2e0: 6175 6c74 2061 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 ault action is t\n+0003b2f0: 6f20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 o print the valu\n+0003b300: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6571 7565 7374 e of the request\n+0003b310: 6564 2066 6965 6c64 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 ed field to. \n+0003b320: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 6275 the console, bu\n+0003b330: 7420 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d t a variable nam\n+0003b340: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 e can be specifi\n+0003b350: 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d73 6574 ed with ...--set\n+0003b360: e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6f72 ... to. stor\n+0003b370: 6520 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 696e 7374 e the value inst\n+0003b380: 6561 6420 6f66 2070 7269 6e74 696e 6720 ead of printing \n+0003b390: 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 it... For ex\n+0003b3a0: 616d 706c 652c 2074 6869 7320 7769 6c6c ample, this will\n+0003b3b0: 2073 746f 7265 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 store and then \n+0003b3c0: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7379 7374 display the syst\n+0003b3d0: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 em. manufact\n+0003b3e0: 7572 6572 2773 206e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 urer's name... \n+0003b3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 736d 6269 6f73 202d smbios -\n+0003b400: 2d74 7970 6520 3120 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 -type 1 --get-st\n+0003b410: 7269 6e67 2034 202d 2d73 6574 2073 7973 ring 4 --set sys\n+0003b420: 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 tem_manufacturer\n+0003b430: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 6f20 . echo \n+0003b440: 2473 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 $system_manufact\n+0003b450: 7572 6572 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 urer....File: gr\n+0003b460: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003b470: 736f 7572 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 source, Next: t\n+0003b480: 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736d 6269 est, Prev: smbi\n+0003b490: 6f73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 os, Up: Command\n+0003b4a0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0003b4b0: 3137 2e34 2e37 3320 736f 7572 6365 0a2d 17.4.73 source.-\n+0003b4c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003b4d0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736f 7572 -- Command: sour\n+0003b4e0: 6365 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2052 6561 ce file. Rea\n+0003b4f0: 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e66 d FILE as a conf\n+0003b500: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 iguration file, \n+0003b510: 6173 2069 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 656e as if its conten\n+0003b520: 7473 2068 6164 2062 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 ts had been. \n+0003b530: 2069 6e63 6f72 706f 7261 7465 6420 6469 incorporated di\n+0003b540: 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 rectly into the \n+0003b550: 736f 7572 6369 6e67 2066 696c 652e 2020 sourcing file. \n+0003b560: 556e 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 Unlike ...config\n+0003b570: 6669 6c65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e file.... (*n\n+0003b580: 6f74 6520 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a ote configfile::\n+0003b590: 292c 2074 6869 7320 6578 6563 7574 6573 ), this executes\n+0003b5a0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n+0003b5b0: 2046 494c 4520 7769 7468 6f75 740a 2020 FILE without. \n+0003b5c0: 2020 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 636f 6e74 changing cont\n+0003b5d0: 6578 743a 2061 6e79 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e ext: any environ\n+0003b5e0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 ment variable ch\n+0003b5f0: 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 2062 7920 7468 anges made by th\n+0003b600: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 e. commands \n+0003b610: 696e 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 in FILE will be \n+0003b620: 7072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 preserved after \n+0003b630: e280 9873 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 2072 6574 ...source... ret\n+0003b640: 7572 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 urns, and the. \n+0003b650: 2020 206d 656e 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 menu will not\n+0003b660: 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e20 696d 6d65 6469 be shown immedi\n+0003b670: 6174 656c 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ately.....File: \n+0003b680: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003b690: 3a20 7465 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 : test, Next: t\n+0003b6a0: 7275 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736f 7572 rue, Prev: sour\n+0003b6b0: 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ce, Up: Command\n+0003b6c0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0003b6d0: 3137 2e34 2e37 3420 7465 7374 0a2d 2d2d 17.4.74 test.---\n+0003b6e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003b6f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 7374 2065 7870 ommand: test exp\n+0003b700: 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2045 7661 ression. Eva\n+0003b710: 6c75 6174 6520 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e luate EXPRESSION\n+0003b720: 2061 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7a65 726f and return zero\n+0003b730: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 6620 exit status if \n+0003b740: 7265 7375 6c74 2069 7320 7472 7565 2c0a result is true,.\n+0003b750: 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 7374 non zero st\n+0003b760: 6174 7573 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2e0a atus otherwise..\n+0003b770: 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e . EXPRESSION\n+0003b780: 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 3a0a 0a20 2020 is one of:.. \n+0003b790: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983d 3de2 STRING1 ...==.\n+0003b7a0: 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 .. STRING2. \n+0003b7b0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 the strings\n+0003b7c0: 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 2020 are equal. \n+0003b7d0: 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 9821 3de2 8099 STRING1 ...!=...\n+0003b7e0: 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 STRING2. \n+0003b7f0: 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 the strings a\n+0003b800: 7265 206e 6f74 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 re not equal. \n+0003b810: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983c e280 STRING1 ...<..\n+0003b820: 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 . STRING2. \n+0003b830: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c STRING1 is l\n+0003b840: 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 exicographically\n+0003b850: 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e less than STRIN\n+0003b860: 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 G2. STRING1 \n+0003b870: e280 983c 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 ...<=... STRING2\n+0003b880: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e . STRIN\n+0003b890: 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 G1 is lexicograp\n+0003b8a0: 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6c65 7373 206f 7220 hically less or \n+0003b8b0: 6571 7561 6c20 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e equal than STRIN\n+0003b8c0: 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 G2. STRING1 \n+0003b8d0: e280 983e e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a ...>... STRING2.\n+0003b8e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 STRING\n+0003b8f0: 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 1 is lexicograph\n+0003b900: 6963 616c 6c79 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ically greater t\n+0003b910: 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 han STRING2. \n+0003b920: 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 3e3d e280 STRING1 ...>=..\n+0003b930: 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 . STRING2. \n+0003b940: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c STRING1 is l\n+0003b950: 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 exicographically\n+0003b960: 2067 7265 6174 6572 206f 7220 6571 7561 greater or equa\n+0003b970: 6c20 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 l than STRING2. \n+0003b980: 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 INTEGER1 ...\n+0003b990: 2d65 71e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a -eq... INTEGER2.\n+0003b9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 INTEGE\n+0003b9b0: 5231 2069 7320 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 R1 is equal to I\n+0003b9c0: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 NTEGER2. INT\n+0003b9d0: 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6765 e280 9920 EGER1 ...-ge... \n+0003b9e0: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n+0003b9f0: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 2067 INTEGER1 is g\n+0003ba00: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 reater than or e\n+0003ba10: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 qual to INTEGER2\n+0003ba20: 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 . INTEGER1 .\n+0003ba30: 8098 2d67 74e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ..-gt... INTEGER\n+0003ba40: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 2. INTE\n+0003ba50: 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 GER1 is greater \n+0003ba60: 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 than INTEGER2. \n+0003ba70: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d INTEGER1 ...-\n+0003ba80: 6c65 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 le... INTEGER2. \n+0003ba90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n+0003baa0: 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 1 is less than o\n+0003bab0: 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 r equal to INTEG\n+0003bac0: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ER2. INTEGER\n+0003bad0: 3120 e280 982d 6c74 e280 9920 494e 5445 1 ...-lt... INTE\n+0003bae0: 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 GER2. I\n+0003baf0: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 NTEGER1 is less \n+0003bb00: 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 than INTEGER2. \n+0003bb10: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d INTEGER1 ...-\n+0003bb20: 6e65 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 ne... INTEGER2. \n+0003bb30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n+0003bb40: 3120 6973 206e 6f74 2065 7175 616c 2074 1 is not equal t\n+0003bb50: 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 o INTEGER2. \n+0003bb60: 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 PREFIXINTEGER1 .\n+0003bb70: 8098 2d70 6774 e280 9920 5052 4546 4958 ..-pgt... PREFIX\n+0003bb80: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n+0003bb90: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 2067 INTEGER1 is g\n+0003bba0: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 reater than INTE\n+0003bbb0: 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 7472 6970 GER2 after strip\n+0003bbc0: 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a ping off common.\n+0003bbd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 non-nu\n+0003bbe0: 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 2e0a 2020 meric PREFIX.. \n+0003bbf0: 2020 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 PREFIXINTEGER\n+0003bc00: 3120 e280 982d 706c 74e2 8099 2050 5245 1 ...-plt... PRE\n+0003bc10: 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 FIXINTEGER2. \n+0003bc20: 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 INTEGER1 i\n+0003bc30: 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 s less than INTE\n+0003bc40: 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 7472 6970 GER2 after strip\n+0003bc50: 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a ping off common.\n+0003bc60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 non-nu\n+0003bc70: 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 2e0a 2020 meric PREFIX.. \n+0003bc80: 2020 2046 494c 4531 20e2 8098 2d6e 74e2 FILE1 ...-nt.\n+0003bc90: 8099 2046 494c 4532 0a20 2020 2020 2020 .. FILE2. \n+0003bca0: 2020 2046 494c 4531 2069 7320 6e65 7765 FILE1 is newe\n+0003bcb0: 7220 7468 616e 2046 494c 4532 2028 6d6f r than FILE2 (mo\n+0003bcc0: 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 dification time)\n+0003bcd0: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 . Optionally. \n+0003bce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 numeric \n+0003bcf0: 4249 4153 206d 6179 2062 6520 6469 7265 BIAS may be dire\n+0003bd00: 6374 6c79 2061 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f ctly appended to\n+0003bd10: 20e2 8098 2d6e 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 7768 ...-nt... in wh\n+0003bd20: 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ich case. \n+0003bd30: 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 it is added t\n+0003bd40: 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6669 6c65 o the first file\n+0003bd50: 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7469 modification ti\n+0003bd60: 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 20e2 me.. FILE1 .\n+0003bd70: 8098 2d6f 74e2 8099 2046 494c 4532 0a20 ..-ot... FILE2. \n+0003bd80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 2069 FILE1 i\n+0003bd90: 7320 6f6c 6465 7220 7468 616e 2046 494c s older than FIL\n+0003bda0: 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e E2 (modification\n+0003bdb0: 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e61 time). Optiona\n+0003bdc0: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e75 lly. nu\n+0003bdd0: 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d 6179 2062 meric BIAS may b\n+0003bde0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7070 656e e directly appen\n+0003bdf0: 6465 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2d6f 74e2 8099 ded to ...-ot...\n+0003be00: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 in which case. \n+0003be10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 it is a\n+0003be20: 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 dded to the firs\n+0003be30: 7420 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 t file modificat\n+0003be40: 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 ion time.. .\n+0003be50: 8098 2d64 e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 ..-d... FILE. \n+0003be60: 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 FILE exis\n+0003be70: 7473 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6120 6469 7265 ts and is a dire\n+0003be80: 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d65 ctory. ...-e\n+0003be90: e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ... FILE. \n+0003bea0: 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 0a20 FILE exists. \n+0003beb0: 2020 2020 e280 982d 66e2 8099 2046 494c ...-f... FIL\n+0003bec0: 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 E. FILE\n+0003bed0: 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6973 206e exists and is n\n+0003bee0: 6f74 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 ot a directory. \n+0003bef0: 2020 2020 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2046 494c ...-s... FIL\n+0003bf00: 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 E. FILE\n+0003bf10: 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6861 7320 exists and has \n+0003bf20: 6120 7369 7a65 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 a size greater t\n+0003bf30: 6861 6e20 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 han zero. ..\n+0003bf40: 982d 6ee2 8099 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 .-n... STRING. \n+0003bf50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 the leng\n+0003bf60: 7468 206f 6620 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 th of STRING is \n+0003bf70: 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 nonzero. STR\n+0003bf80: 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 ING. ST\n+0003bf90: 5249 4e47 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 RING is equivale\n+0003bfa0: 6e74 2074 6f20 e280 982d 6e20 5354 5249 nt to ...-n STRI\n+0003bfb0: 4e47 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d7a NG.... ...-z\n+0003bfc0: e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 2020 ... STRING. \n+0003bfd0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 6820 the length \n+0003bfe0: 6f66 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 207a 6572 of STRING is zer\n+0003bff0: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 2045 o. ...(... E\n+0003c000: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 e280 9829 e280 XPRESSION ...)..\n+0003c010: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4558 5052 .. EXPR\n+0003c020: 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a20 ESSION is true. \n+0003c030: 2020 2020 e280 9821 e280 9920 4558 5052 ...!... EXPR\n+0003c040: 4553 5349 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ESSION. \n+0003c050: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 6973 2066 EXPRESSION is f\n+0003c060: 616c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 alse. EXPRES\n+0003c070: 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2045 SION1 ...-a... E\n+0003c080: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 XPRESSION2. \n+0003c090: 2020 2020 2062 6f74 6820 4558 5052 4553 both EXPRES\n+0003c0a0: 5349 4f4e 3120 616e 6420 4558 5052 4553 SION1 and EXPRES\n+0003c0b0: 5349 4f4e 3220 6172 6520 7472 7565 0a20 SION2 are true. \n+0003c0c0: 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 EXPRESSION1 \n+0003c0d0: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 EXPRESSION2. \n+0003c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 626f 7468 2045 5850 5245 both EXPRE\n+0003c0f0: 5353 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 2045 5850 5245 SSION1 and EXPRE\n+0003c100: 5353 494f 4e32 2061 7265 2074 7275 652e SSION2 are true.\n+0003c110: 2020 5468 6973 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 This syntax is\n+0003c120: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 not. P\n+0003c130: 4f53 4958 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2061 OSIX-compliant a\n+0003c140: 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 636f 6d6d nd is not recomm\n+0003c150: 656e 6465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 ended.. EXPR\n+0003c160: 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 982d 6fe2 8099 ESSION1 ...-o...\n+0003c170: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 EXPRESSION2. \n+0003c180: 2020 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 4558 either EX\n+0003c190: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 6f72 2045 5850 PRESSION1 or EXP\n+0003c1a0: 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2069 7320 7472 7565 RESSION2 is true\n+0003c1b0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003c1c0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7565 nfo, Node: true\n+0003c1d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 , Next: trust, \n+0003c1e0: 2050 7265 763a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5570 Prev: test, Up\n+0003c1f0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0003c200: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3735 ommands..17.4.75\n+0003c210: 2074 7275 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d true.----------\n+0003c220: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003c230: 2074 7275 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f true. Do no\n+0003c240: 7468 696e 672c 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 thing, successfu\n+0003c250: 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 lly. This is ma\n+0003c260: 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 inly useful in c\n+0003c270: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 ontrol. cons\n+0003c280: 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 tructs such as .\n+0003c290: 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 ..if... and ...w\n+0003c2a0: 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 hile... (*note S\n+0003c2b0: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 hell-like script\n+0003c2c0: 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ing::).....File:\n+0003c2d0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003c2e0: 653a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: trust, Next:\n+0003c2f0: 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 unset, Prev: t\n+0003c300: 7275 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e rue, Up: Comman\n+0003c310: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0003c320: 0a31 372e 342e 3736 2074 7275 7374 0a2d .17.4.76 trust.-\n+0003c330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003c340: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 7374 - Command: trust\n+0003c350: 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 7075 [--skip-sig] pu\n+0003c360: 626b 6579 5f66 696c 650a 2020 2020 2052 bkey_file. R\n+0003c370: 6561 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2066 ead public key f\n+0003c380: 726f 6d20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 rom PUBKEY_FILE \n+0003c390: 616e 6420 6164 6420 6974 2074 6f20 4752 and add it to GR\n+0003c3a0: 5542 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c20 6c69 UB's internal li\n+0003c3b0: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 7275 7374 st. of trust\n+0003c3c0: 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2e20 ed public keys. \n+0003c3d0: 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 These keys are \n+0003c3e0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 used to validate\n+0003c3f0: 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 digital. si\n+0003c400: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2077 6865 6e20 656e gnatures when en\n+0003c410: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+0003c420: 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e le ...check_sign\n+0003c430: 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 atures... is set\n+0003c440: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656e 666f to. ...enfo\n+0003c450: 7263 65e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 rce.... Note th\n+0003c460: 6174 2069 6620 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 at if ...check_s\n+0003c470: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 ignatures... is \n+0003c480: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 set to ...enforc\n+0003c490: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e 20e2 e.... when .\n+0003c4a0: 8098 7472 7573 74e2 8099 2065 7865 6375 ..trust... execu\n+0003c4b0: 7465 732c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 tes, then PUBKEY\n+0003c4c0: 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c _FILE must itsel\n+0003c4d0: 6620 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c 790a 2020 f be properly. \n+0003c4e0: 2020 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6520 signed. The \n+0003c4f0: e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 ...--skip-sig...\n+0003c500: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 option can be u\n+0003c510: 7365 6420 746f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 0a20 sed to disable. \n+0003c520: 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 652d 6368 signature-ch\n+0003c530: 6563 6b69 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 7265 6164 ecking when read\n+0003c540: 696e 6720 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 ing PUBKEY_FILE \n+0003c550: 6974 7365 6c66 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2065 itself. It is e\n+0003c560: 7870 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6861 xpected. tha\n+0003c570: 7420 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 t ...--skip-sig.\n+0003c580: 8099 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 .. is useful for\n+0003c590: 2074 6573 7469 6e67 2061 6e64 206d 616e testing and man\n+0003c5a0: 7561 6c20 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 2a4e ual booting. *N\n+0003c5b0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2055 7369 6e67 2064 ote. Using d\n+0003c5c0: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n+0003c5d0: 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e s::, for more in\n+0003c5e0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 formation.....Fi\n+0003c5f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003c600: 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 4e65 Node: unset, Ne\n+0003c610: 7874 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 xt: verify_detac\n+0003c620: 6865 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7573 hed, Prev: trus\n+0003c630: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n+0003c640: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0003c650: 372e 342e 3737 2075 6e73 6574 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.77 unset.---\n+0003c660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003c670: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2075 6e73 6574 2065 Command: unset e\n+0003c680: 6e76 7661 720a 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 nvvar. Unset\n+0003c690: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n+0003c6a0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 variable ENVVAR\n+0003c6b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003c6c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 info, Node: ver\n+0003c6d0: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 204e ify_detached, N\n+0003c6e0: 6578 743a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 ext: videoinfo, \n+0003c6f0: 2050 7265 763a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2055 Prev: unset, U\n+0003c700: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0003c710: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n+0003c720: 3820 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 8 verify_detache\n+0003c730: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n+0003c740: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003c750: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 ommand: verify_d\n+0003c760: 6574 6163 6865 6420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d etached [--skip-\n+0003c770: 7369 675d 2066 696c 6520 7369 676e 6174 sig] file signat\n+0003c780: 7572 655f 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ure_file. \n+0003c790: 2020 205b 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 655d [pubkey_file]\n+0003c7a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7269 6669 6573 2061 . Verifies a\n+0003c7b0: 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 6574 6163 GPG-style detac\n+0003c7c0: 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 7572 652c 2077 hed signature, w\n+0003c7d0: 6865 7265 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e65 6420 here the signed \n+0003c7e0: 6669 6c65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2046 494c file is. FIL\n+0003c7f0: 452c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 E, and the signa\n+0003c800: 7475 7265 2069 7473 656c 6620 6973 2069 ture itself is i\n+0003c810: 6e20 6669 6c65 2053 4947 4e41 5455 5245 n file SIGNATURE\n+0003c820: 5f46 494c 452e 0a20 2020 2020 4f70 7469 _FILE.. Opti\n+0003c830: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 6120 7370 6563 6966 onally, a specif\n+0003c840: 6963 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 746f ic public key to\n+0003c850: 2075 7365 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 use can be spec\n+0003c860: 6966 6965 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 ified using. \n+0003c870: 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2e20 2057 PUBKEY_FILE. W\n+0003c880: 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 hen environment \n+0003c890: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 variable ...chec\n+0003c8a0: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 k_signatures... \n+0003c8b0: 6973 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 is set. to .\n+0003c8c0: 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 ..enforce..., th\n+0003c8d0: 656e 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d en PUBKEY_FILE m\n+0003c8e0: 7573 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 ust itself be pr\n+0003c8f0: 6f70 6572 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6279 operly signed by\n+0003c900: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c72 6561 6479 an. already\n+0003c910: 2d74 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 2e20 2041 -trusted key. A\n+0003c920: 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2050 5542 4b45 n unsigned PUBKE\n+0003c930: 595f 4649 4c45 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f Y_FILE can be lo\n+0003c940: 6164 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7065 aded by. spe\n+0003c950: 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 cifying ...--ski\n+0003c960: 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5055 p-sig.... If PU\n+0003c970: 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6973 206f 6d69 BKEY_FILE is omi\n+0003c980: 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7562 6c69 tted, then publi\n+0003c990: 630a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 6672 6f6d c. keys from\n+0003c9a0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 7472 7573 7465 6420 GRUB's trusted \n+0003c9b0: 6b65 7973 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 keys (*note list\n+0003c9c0: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 _trusted::, *not\n+0003c9d0: 6520 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 0a20 2020 2020 e trust::,. \n+0003c9e0: 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 and *note distru\n+0003c9f0: 7374 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 7472 6965 642e st::) are tried.\n+0003ca00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 636f 6465 .. Exit code\n+0003ca10: 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 ...$?... is set\n+0003ca20: 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 6865 2073 6967 to 0 if the sig\n+0003ca30: 6e61 7475 7265 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 nature validates\n+0003ca40: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 0a20 successfully.. \n+0003ca50: 2020 2020 4966 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f If validatio\n+0003ca60: 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2069 7420 6973 2073 n fails, it is s\n+0003ca70: 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f et to a non-zero\n+0003ca80: 2076 616c 7565 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 value. *Note U\n+0003ca90: 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6769 7461 sing. digita\n+0003caa0: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 l signatures::, \n+0003cab0: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 for more informa\n+0003cac0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+0003cad0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003cae0: 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6578 videoinfo, Nex\n+0003caf0: 743a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: wrmsr, Prev:\n+0003cb00: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n+0003cb10: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0003cb20: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0003cb30: 2e34 2e37 3920 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f0a .4.79 videoinfo.\n+0003cb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003cb50: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003cb60: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f20 5b5b 5778 485d videoinfo [[WxH]\n+0003cb70: 7844 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 xD]. List av\n+0003cb80: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f ailable video mo\n+0003cb90: 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 des. If resolut\n+0003cba0: 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7368 ion is given, sh\n+0003cbb0: 6f77 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 206d 6174 ow only. mat\n+0003cbc0: 6368 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 732e 0a0a 1f0a ching modes.....\n+0003cbd0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003cbe0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 722c 2020 Node: wrmsr, \n+0003cbf0: 5072 6576 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c Prev: videoinfo,\n+0003cc00: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0003cc10: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0003cc20: 342e 3830 2077 726d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.80 wrmsr.-----\n+0003cc30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003cc40: 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 7772 6d73 7220 3078 mmand:: wrmsr 0x\n+0003cc50: 4144 4452 2030 7856 414c 5545 0a20 2020 ADDR 0xVALUE. \n+0003cc60: 2020 5772 6974 6520 6120 3078 5641 4c55 Write a 0xVALU\n+0003cc70: 4520 746f 2061 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 E to a model-spe\n+0003cc80: 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 2061 cific register a\n+0003cc90: 7420 6164 6472 6573 7320 3078 4144 4452 t address 0xADDR\n+0003cca0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6561 7365 206e ... Please n\n+0003ccb0: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e20 534d 5020 ote that on SMP \n+0003ccc0: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2077 7269 7469 6e67 systems, writing\n+0003ccd0: 2074 6f20 6120 4d53 5220 7468 6174 2068 to a MSR that h\n+0003cce0: 6173 2061 2073 636f 7065 0a20 2020 2020 as a scope. \n+0003ccf0: 7065 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2074 6872 per hardware thr\n+0003cd00: 6561 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 6861 ead, implies tha\n+0003cd10: 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 t the value that\n+0003cd20: 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6f6e 6c79 is written only\n+0003cd30: 0a20 2020 2020 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f . applies to\n+0003cd40: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 the particular \n+0003cd50: 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 cpu/core/thread \n+0003cd60: 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7468 6520 636f that runs the co\n+0003cd70: 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 mmand... Als\n+0003cd80: 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 o, if you specif\n+0003cd90: 7920 6120 7265 7365 7276 6564 206f 7220 y a reserved or \n+0003cda0: 756e 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 4d53 unimplemented MS\n+0003cdb0: 5220 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 740a 2020 R address, it. \n+0003cdc0: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6361 7573 6520 6120 will cause a \n+0003cdd0: 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 6f74 6563 7469 general protecti\n+0003cde0: 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2028 7768 on exception (wh\n+0003cdf0: 6963 6820 6973 206e 6f74 2063 7572 7265 ich is not curre\n+0003ce00: 6e74 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e 6720 ntly. being \n+0003ce10: 6861 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 6e64 2074 6865 handled) and the\n+0003ce20: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7769 6c6c 2072 6562 system will reb\n+0003ce30: 6f6f 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a oot... Note:\n+0003ce40: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 The command is \n+0003ce50: 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e not allowed when\n+0003ce60: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 lockdown is enf\n+0003ce70: 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 orced (*note. \n+0003ce80: 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 Lockdown::). \n+0003ce90: 5468 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 This is done to \n+0003cea0: 7072 6576 656e 7420 7375 6276 6572 7469 prevent subverti\n+0003ceb0: 6e67 2076 6172 696f 7573 2073 6563 7572 ng various secur\n+0003cec0: 6974 790a 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 ity. mechani\n+0003ced0: 736d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 sms.....File: gr\n+0003cee0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003cef0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003cf00: 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 556e 646f nds, Next: Undo\n+0003cf10: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 cumented command\n+0003cf20: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e s, Prev: Comman\n+0003cf30: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c d-line commands,\n+0003cf40: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a Up: Commands..\n+0003cf50: 3137 2e35 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 17.5 Networking \n+0003cf60: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.=======\n+0003cf70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0003cf80: 3d0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6e65 =..* Menu:..* ne\n+0003cf90: 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 t_add_addr:: \n+0003cfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 Add \n+0003cfb0: 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6164 6472 6573 a network addres\n+0003cfc0: 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 733a s.* net_add_dns:\n+0003cfd0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0003cfe0: 2020 4164 6420 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 Add a DNS serv\n+0003cff0: 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 er.* net_add_rou\n+0003d000: 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te:: \n+0003d010: 2020 2041 6464 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 Add routing e\n+0003d020: 6e74 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 ntry.* net_bootp\n+0003d030: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0003d040: 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2062 Perform a b\n+0003d050: 6f6f 7470 2f44 4843 5020 6175 746f 636f ootp/DHCP autoco\n+0003d060: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 nfiguration.* ne\n+0003d070: 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 t_del_addr:: \n+0003d080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f Remo\n+0003d090: 7665 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6672 ve IP address fr\n+0003d0a0: 6f6d 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 206e om interface.* n\n+0003d0b0: 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 et_del_dns:: \n+0003d0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d Rem\n+0003d0d0: 6f76 6520 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 ove a DNS server\n+0003d0e0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 .* net_del_route\n+0003d0f0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0003d100: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 726f 7574 6520 Remove a route \n+0003d110: 656e 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 entry.* net_dhcp\n+0003d120: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0003d130: 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 Perform a \n+0003d140: 4448 4350 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 DHCP autoconfigu\n+0003d150: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 ration.* net_get\n+0003d160: 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 _dhcp_option:: \n+0003d170: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 Retrieve \n+0003d180: 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a2a 206e DHCP options.* n\n+0003d190: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n+0003d1a0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 :: Per\n+0003d1b0: 666f 726d 2049 5076 3620 6175 746f 636f form IPv6 autoco\n+0003d1c0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 nfiguration.* ne\n+0003d1d0: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 t_ls_addr:: \n+0003d1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n+0003d1f0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 730a 2a20 6e65 interfaces.* ne\n+0003d200: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 3a3a 2020 2020 t_ls_cards:: \n+0003d210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n+0003d220: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 6172 6473 0a2a network cards.*\n+0003d230: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 net_ls_dns:: \n+0003d240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+0003d250: 6973 7420 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 730a ist DNS servers.\n+0003d260: 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 733a * net_ls_routes:\n+0003d270: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0003d280: 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 List routing ent\n+0003d290: 7269 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f ries.* net_nsloo\n+0003d2a0: 6b75 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 kup:: \n+0003d2b0: 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 Perform a D\n+0003d2c0: 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2a20 6e65 745f NS lookup.* net_\n+0003d2d0: 7365 745f 766c 616e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 set_vlan:: \n+0003d2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 766c Set vl\n+0003d2f0: 616e 2069 6420 6f6e 2061 6e20 696e 7465 an id on an inte\n+0003d300: 7266 6163 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rface....File: g\n+0003d310: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003d320: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 net_add_addr, \n+0003d330: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e Next: net_add_dn\n+0003d340: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 s, Up: Networki\n+0003d350: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n+0003d360: 352e 3120 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 5.1 net_add_addr\n+0003d370: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0003d380: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003d390: 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 7220 d: net_add_addr \n+0003d3a0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 4341 5244 2041 INTERFACE CARD A\n+0003d3b0: 4444 5245 5353 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6e66 DDRESS. Conf\n+0003d3c0: 6967 7572 6520 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c igure additional\n+0003d3d0: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2049 4e54 4552 4641 network INTERFA\n+0003d3e0: 4345 2077 6974 6820 4144 4452 4553 5320 CE with ADDRESS \n+0003d3f0: 6f6e 2061 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 on a network. \n+0003d400: 2020 4341 5244 2e20 2041 4444 5245 5353 CARD. ADDRESS\n+0003d410: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2049 can be either I\n+0003d420: 5020 696e 2064 6f74 7465 6420 6465 6369 P in dotted deci\n+0003d430: 6d61 6c20 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 mal notation, or\n+0003d440: 0a20 2020 2020 7379 6d62 6f6c 6963 206e . symbolic n\n+0003d450: 616d 6520 7768 6963 6820 6973 2072 6573 ame which is res\n+0003d460: 6f6c 7665 6420 7573 696e 6720 444e 5320 olved using DNS \n+0003d470: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e20 2049 6620 7375 6363 lookup. If succ\n+0003d480: 6573 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6869 essful,. thi\n+0003d490: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 s command also a\n+0003d4a0: 6464 7320 6c6f 6361 6c20 6c69 6e6b 2072 dds local link r\n+0003d4b0: 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6f20 outing entry to \n+0003d4c0: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 the default. \n+0003d4d0: 2073 7562 6e65 7420 6f66 2041 4444 5245 subnet of ADDRE\n+0003d4e0: 5353 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2049 4e54 SS with name INT\n+0003d4f0: 4552 4641 4345 e280 983a 6c6f 6361 6ce2 ERFACE...:local.\n+0003d500: 8099 2076 6961 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 .. via INTERFACE\n+0003d510: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003d520: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+0003d530: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a _add_dns, Next:\n+0003d540: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 net_add_route, \n+0003d550: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 Prev: net_add_a\n+0003d560: 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 ddr, Up: Networ\n+0003d570: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n+0003d580: 372e 352e 3220 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 7.5.2 net_add_dn\n+0003d590: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+0003d5a0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003d5b0: 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2053 d: net_add_dns S\n+0003d5c0: 4552 5645 520a 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c ERVER. Resol\n+0003d5d0: 7665 2053 4552 5645 5220 4950 2061 6464 ve SERVER IP add\n+0003d5e0: 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2061 6464 2074 6f20 ress and add to \n+0003d5f0: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 444e 5320 the list of DNS \n+0003d600: 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 servers used. \n+0003d610: 2020 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f during name lo\n+0003d620: 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 okup.....File: g\n+0003d630: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003d640: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 net_add_route, \n+0003d650: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 Next: net_bootp\n+0003d660: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 , Prev: net_add\n+0003d670: 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f _dns, Up: Netwo\n+0003d680: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n+0003d690: 3137 2e35 2e33 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 17.5.3 net_add_r\n+0003d6a0: 6f75 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oute.-----------\n+0003d6b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003d6c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f ommand: net_add_\n+0003d6d0: 726f 7574 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d 4520 route SHORTNAME \n+0003d6e0: 4950 5b2f 5052 4546 4958 5d20 5b49 4e54 IP[/PREFIX] [INT\n+0003d6f0: 4552 4641 4345 207c 2067 770a 2020 2020 ERFACE | gw. \n+0003d700: 2020 2020 2020 4741 5445 5741 595d 0a20 GATEWAY]. \n+0003d710: 2020 2020 4164 6420 726f 7574 6520 746f Add route to\n+0003d720: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2077 6974 6820 6164 network with ad\n+0003d730: 6472 6573 7320 4950 2061 7320 6d6f 6469 dress IP as modi\n+0003d740: 6669 6564 2062 7920 5052 4546 4958 2076 fied by PREFIX v\n+0003d750: 6961 0a20 2020 2020 6569 7468 6572 206c ia. either l\n+0003d760: 6f63 616c 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 206f ocal INTERFACE o\n+0003d770: 7220 4741 5445 5741 592e 2020 5052 4546 r GATEWAY. PREF\n+0003d780: 4958 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 IX is optional a\n+0003d790: 6e64 2064 6566 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 nd defaults. \n+0003d7a0: 2074 6f20 3332 2066 6f72 2049 5076 3420 to 32 for IPv4 \n+0003d7b0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 3132 3820 address and 128 \n+0003d7c0: 666f 7220 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 for IPv6 address\n+0003d7d0: 2e20 2052 6f75 7465 2069 730a 2020 2020 . Route is. \n+0003d7e0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 identified by S\n+0003d7f0: 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2077 6869 6368 2063 HORTNAME which c\n+0003d800: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 an be used to re\n+0003d810: 6d6f 7665 2069 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 move it (*note. \n+0003d820: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 net_del_rout\n+0003d830: 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 e::).....File: g\n+0003d840: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003d850: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 204e 6578 net_bootp, Nex\n+0003d860: 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c t: net_del_addr,\n+0003d870: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f Prev: net_add_\n+0003d880: 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 route, Up: Netw\n+0003d890: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n+0003d8a0: 0a31 372e 352e 3420 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 .17.5.4 net_boot\n+0003d8b0: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n+0003d8c0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003d8d0: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 205b 4341 5244 net_bootp [CARD\n+0003d8e0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 ]. Alias for\n+0003d8f0: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2066 6f72 2063 net_dhcp, for c\n+0003d900: 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 ompatibility wit\n+0003d910: 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 4772 7562 2076 6572 h older Grub ver\n+0003d920: 7369 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5769 6c6c sions.. Will\n+0003d930: 2070 6572 666f 726d 2074 6865 2073 616d perform the sam\n+0003d940: 6520 4448 4350 2068 616e 6473 6861 6b65 e DHCP handshake\n+0003d950: 2077 6974 6820 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 with potential \n+0003d960: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 fallback to. \n+0003d970: 2042 4f4f 5450 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e65 BOOTP as the ne\n+0003d980: 745f 6468 6370 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 t_dhcp command (\n+0003d990: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a *note net_dhcp::\n+0003d9a0: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+0003d9b0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+0003d9c0: 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 t_del_addr, Nex\n+0003d9d0: 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 t: net_del_dns, \n+0003d9e0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 Prev: net_bootp\n+0003d9f0: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n+0003da00: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n+0003da10: 2e35 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 720a .5 net_del_addr.\n 0003da20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003da30: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003da40: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2049 4e54 net_del_addr INT\n-0003da50: 4552 4641 4345 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f ERFACE. Remo\n-0003da60: 7665 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 494e ve configured IN\n-0003da70: 5445 5246 4143 4520 7769 7468 2061 7373 TERFACE with ass\n-0003da80: 6f63 6961 7465 6420 6164 6472 6573 732e ociated address.\n-0003da90: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003daa0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-0003dab0: 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 del_dns, Next: \n-0003dac0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 net_del_route, \n-0003dad0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 Prev: net_del_ad\n-0003dae0: 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b dr, Up: Network\n-0003daf0: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n-0003db00: 2e35 2e36 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 .5.6 net_del_dns\n-0003db10: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0003db20: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003db30: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 7320 4144 : net_del_dns AD\n-0003db40: 4452 4553 530a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 DRESS. Remov\n-0003db50: 6520 4144 4452 4553 5320 6672 6f6d 206c e ADDRESS from l\n-0003db60: 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 ist of servers u\n-0003db70: 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 sed during name \n-0003db80: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a lookup.....File:\n-0003db90: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003dba0: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 e: net_del_route\n-0003dbb0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 , Next: net_dhc\n-0003dbc0: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 p, Prev: net_de\n-0003dbd0: 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 l_dns, Up: Netw\n-0003dbe0: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n-0003dbf0: 0a31 372e 352e 3720 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f .17.5.7 net_del_\n-0003dc00: 726f 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d route.----------\n-0003dc10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003dc20: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 656c Command: net_del\n-0003dc30: 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 _route SHORTNAME\n-0003dc40: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2072 6f75 . Remove rou\n-0003dc50: 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6465 6e74 6966 te entry identif\n-0003dc60: 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 ied by SHORTNAME\n-0003dc70: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003dc80: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-0003dc90: 5f64 6863 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 _dhcp, Next: ne\n-0003dca0: 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f t_get_dhcp_optio\n-0003dcb0: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 n, Prev: net_de\n-0003dcc0: 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 l_route, Up: Ne\n-0003dcd0: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003dce0: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3820 6e65 745f 6468 s..17.5.8 net_dh\n-0003dcf0: 6370 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cp.-------------\n-0003dd00: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003dd10: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 7020 5b43 4152 445d net_dhcp [CARD]\n-0003dd20: 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 636f . Perform co\n-0003dd30: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2043 nfiguration of C\n-0003dd40: 4152 4420 7573 696e 6720 4448 4350 2070 ARD using DHCP p\n-0003dd50: 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 rotocol. If no \n-0003dd60: 6361 7264 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2069 card name. i\n-0003dd70: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 7279 s specified, try\n-0003dd80: 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 616c to configure al\n-0003dd90: 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 6473 l existing cards\n-0003dda0: 2e20 2046 616c 6c73 2062 6163 6b20 746f . Falls back to\n-0003ddb0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 424f 4f54 5020 . the BOOTP \n-0003ddc0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 6966 206e 6565 protocol, if nee\n-0003ddd0: 6465 642e 2020 4966 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ded. If configu\n-0003dde0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 7563 6365 ration was succe\n-0003ddf0: 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 ssful,. inte\n-0003de00: 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 206e 616d 6520 rface with name \n-0003de10: 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 9920 CARD...:dhcp... \n-0003de20: 616e 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2061 and configured a\n-0003de30: 6464 7265 7373 2069 7320 6164 6465 6420 ddress is added \n-0003de40: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 4341 5244 2e20 2041 to. CARD. A\n-0003de50: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7468 6520 dditionally the \n-0003de60: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 4448 4350 206f following DHCP o\n-0003de70: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 ptions are recog\n-0003de80: 6e69 7a65 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 nized and. p\n-0003de90: 726f 6365 7373 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 rocessed:.. \n-0003dea0: e280 9831 2028 5375 626e 6574 204d 6173 ...1 (Subnet Mas\n-0003deb0: 6b29 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 k).... \n-0003dec0: 5573 6564 2074 6f20 6361 6c63 756c 6174 Used to calculat\n-0003ded0: 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 e network local \n-0003dee0: 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 7920 666f routing entry fo\n-0003def0: 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2020 2020 r interface. \n-0003df00: 2020 2020 2020 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 CARD...:dh\n-0003df10: 6370 e280 992e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9833 cp..... ...3\n-0003df20: 2028 526f 7574 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 (Router).... \n-0003df30: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 7320 6465 6661 Adds defa\n-0003df40: 756c 7420 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 7920 ult route entry \n-0003df50: 7769 7468 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 4341 with the name CA\n-0003df60: 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 3a64 6566 6175 RD...:dhcp:defau\n-0003df70: 6c74 e280 9920 7669 610a 2020 2020 2020 lt... via. \n-0003df80: 2020 2020 6761 7465 7761 7920 6672 6f6d gateway from\n-0003df90: 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 204e DHCP option. N\n-0003dfa0: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 6f70 ote that only op\n-0003dfb0: 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7369 6e67 6c65 tion with single\n-0003dfc0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6f75 7465 . route\n-0003dfd0: 2069 7320 6163 6365 7074 6564 2e0a 2020 is accepted.. \n-0003dfe0: 2020 20e2 8098 3620 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 ...6 (Domain \n-0003dff0: 4e61 6d65 2053 6572 7665 7229 e280 990a Name Server)....\n-0003e000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6473 2061 Adds a\n-0003e010: 6c6c 2073 6572 7665 7273 2066 726f 6d20 ll servers from \n-0003e020: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 option value to \n-0003e030: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 the list of serv\n-0003e040: 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ers used. \n-0003e050: 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 2072 during name r\n-0003e060: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 esolution.. \n-0003e070: e280 9831 3220 2848 6f73 7420 4e61 6d65 ...12 (Host Name\n-0003e080: 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 ).... S\n-0003e090: 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ets environment \n-0003e0a0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f variable ...net_\n-0003e0b0: e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 ......_dhc\n-0003e0c0: 705f 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 e280 9920 282a p_hostname... (*\n-0003e0d0: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e note. n\n-0003e0e0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n-0003e0f0: 6f73 746e 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 ostname::) to th\n-0003e100: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f e value of optio\n-0003e110: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3520 2844 n.. ...15 (D\n-0003e120: 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 omain Name).... \n-0003e130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e Sets en\n-0003e140: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0003e150: 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 le ...net_......_dhcp_doma\n-0003e170: 696e e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 in... (*note. \n-0003e180: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 net__domain::)\n-0003e1a0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 to the value of\n-0003e1b0: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 option.. ..\n-0003e1c0: 9831 3720 2852 6f6f 7420 5061 7468 29e2 .17 (Root Path).\n-0003e1d0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 ... Set\n-0003e1e0: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s environment va\n-0003e1f0: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 riable ...net_..\n-0003e200: 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f ...._dhcp_\n-0003e210: 726f 6f74 7061 7468 e280 9920 282a 6e6f rootpath... (*no\n-0003e220: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 te. net\n-0003e230: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f __roo\n-0003e240: 7470 6174 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 tpath::) to the \n-0003e250: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e value of option.\n-0003e260: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3820 2845 7874 . ...18 (Ext\n-0003e270: 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 5061 7468 29e2 8099 ensions Path)...\n-0003e280: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 . Sets \n-0003e290: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-0003e2a0: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c able ...net_...<\n-0003e2b0: 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f 6578 CARD>..._dhcp_ex\n-0003e2c0: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 e280 990a tensionspath....\n-0003e2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 (*note\n-0003e2e0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-0003e2f0: 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 683a _extensionspath:\n-0003e300: 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 :) to the value \n-0003e310: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 7074 of. opt\n-0003e320: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 3620 ion.. ...66 \n-0003e330: 2854 4654 5020 5365 7276 6572 204e 616d (TFTP Server Nam\n-0003e340: 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e).... \n-0003e350: 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Sets environment\n-0003e360: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 variable ...net\n-0003e370: 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 6468 _......_dh\n-0003e380: 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 cp_server_name..\n-0003e390: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f .. (*no\n-0003e3a0: 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 te net__dhcp_server_n\n-0003e3c0: 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 ame::) to the va\n-0003e3d0: 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lue of. \n-0003e3e0: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 option.. ..\n-0003e3f0: 9836 3720 2846 696c 656e 616d 6529 e280 .67 (Filename)..\n-0003e400: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 .. Sets\n-0003e410: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0003e420: 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 iable ...net_...\n-0003e430: 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 626f 6f74 5f66 ..._boot_f\n-0003e440: 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ile... (*note. \n-0003e450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 net__boot_fil\n-0003e470: 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 e::) to the valu\n-0003e480: 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a e of option.....\n-0003e490: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003e4a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f Node: net_get_\n-0003e4b0: 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 dhcp_option, Ne\n-0003e4c0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 xt: net_ipv6_aut\n-0003e4d0: 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 oconf, Prev: ne\n-0003e4e0: 745f 6468 6370 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 t_dhcp, Up: Net\n-0003e4f0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n-0003e500: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e39 206e 6574 5f67 6574 ..17.5.9 net_get\n-0003e510: 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d _dhcp_option.---\n+0003da30: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003da40: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2049 : net_del_addr I\n+0003da50: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 0a20 2020 2020 5265 NTERFACE. Re\n+0003da60: 6d6f 7665 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 move configured \n+0003da70: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 7769 7468 2061 INTERFACE with a\n+0003da80: 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 6164 6472 6573 ssociated addres\n+0003da90: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0003daa0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+0003dab0: 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 t_del_dns, Next\n+0003dac0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c : net_del_route,\n+0003dad0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f Prev: net_del_\n+0003dae0: 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f addr, Up: Netwo\n+0003daf0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n+0003db00: 3137 2e35 2e36 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 17.5.6 net_del_d\n+0003db10: 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ns.-------------\n+0003db20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003db30: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 7320 nd: net_del_dns \n+0003db40: 4144 4452 4553 530a 2020 2020 2052 656d ADDRESS. Rem\n+0003db50: 6f76 6520 4144 4452 4553 5320 6672 6f6d ove ADDRESS from\n+0003db60: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 list of servers\n+0003db70: 2075 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d used during nam\n+0003db80: 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e lookup.....Fil\n+0003db90: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003dba0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 ode: net_del_rou\n+0003dbb0: 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 te, Next: net_d\n+0003dbc0: 6863 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f hcp, Prev: net_\n+0003dbd0: 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 del_dns, Up: Ne\n+0003dbe0: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+0003dbf0: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3720 6e65 745f 6465 s..17.5.7 net_de\n+0003dc00: 6c5f 726f 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l_route.--------\n+0003dc10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003dc20: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 - Command: net_d\n+0003dc30: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 484f 5254 4e41 el_route SHORTNA\n+0003dc40: 4d45 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2072 ME. Remove r\n+0003dc50: 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6465 6e74 oute entry ident\n+0003dc60: 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 ified by SHORTNA\n+0003dc70: 4d45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ME.....File: gru\n+0003dc80: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+0003dc90: 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 et_dhcp, Next: \n+0003dca0: 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 net_get_dhcp_opt\n+0003dcb0: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ion, Prev: net_\n+0003dcc0: 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 del_route, Up: \n+0003dcd0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003dce0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3820 6e65 745f nds..17.5.8 net_\n+0003dcf0: 6468 6370 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dhcp.-----------\n+0003dd00: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003dd10: 643a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 7020 5b43 4152 d: net_dhcp [CAR\n+0003dd20: 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 D]. Perform \n+0003dd30: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 configuration of\n+0003dd40: 2043 4152 4420 7573 696e 6720 4448 4350 CARD using DHCP\n+0003dd50: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4966 206e protocol. If n\n+0003dd60: 6f20 6361 7264 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 o card name. \n+0003dd70: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 is specified, t\n+0003dd80: 7279 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 ry to configure \n+0003dd90: 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 all existing car\n+0003dda0: 6473 2e20 2046 616c 6c73 2062 6163 6b20 ds. Falls back \n+0003ddb0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 424f 4f54 to. the BOOT\n+0003ddc0: 5020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 6966 206e P protocol, if n\n+0003ddd0: 6565 6465 642e 2020 4966 2063 6f6e 6669 eeded. If confi\n+0003dde0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 7563 guration was suc\n+0003ddf0: 6365 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 696e cessful,. in\n+0003de00: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 206e 616d terface with nam\n+0003de10: 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 e CARD...:dhcp..\n+0003de20: 9920 616e 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 . and configured\n+0003de30: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2069 7320 6164 6465 address is adde\n+0003de40: 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 4341 5244 2e20 d to. CARD. \n+0003de50: 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7468 Additionally th\n+0003de60: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 4448 4350 e following DHCP\n+0003de70: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2072 6563 options are rec\n+0003de80: 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 ognized and. \n+0003de90: 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 processed:.. \n+0003dea0: 2020 e280 9831 2028 5375 626e 6574 204d ...1 (Subnet M\n+0003deb0: 6173 6b29 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ask).... \n+0003dec0: 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 6361 6c63 756c Used to calcul\n+0003ded0: 6174 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 ate network loca\n+0003dee0: 6c20 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 7920 l routing entry \n+0003def0: 666f 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2020 for interface. \n+0003df00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4341 5244 e280 983a CARD...:\n+0003df10: 6468 6370 e280 992e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 dhcp..... ..\n+0003df20: 9833 2028 526f 7574 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 .3 (Router).... \n+0003df30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 7320 6465 Adds de\n+0003df40: 6661 756c 7420 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 fault route entr\n+0003df50: 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 y with the name \n+0003df60: 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 3a64 6566 CARD...:dhcp:def\n+0003df70: 6175 6c74 e280 9920 7669 610a 2020 2020 ault... via. \n+0003df80: 2020 2020 2020 6761 7465 7761 7920 6672 gateway fr\n+0003df90: 6f6d 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 om DHCP option. \n+0003dfa0: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 Note that only \n+0003dfb0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7369 6e67 option with sing\n+0003dfc0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6f75 le. rou\n+0003dfd0: 7465 2069 7320 6163 6365 7074 6564 2e0a te is accepted..\n+0003dfe0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3620 2844 6f6d 6169 ...6 (Domai\n+0003dff0: 6e20 4e61 6d65 2053 6572 7665 7229 e280 n Name Server)..\n+0003e000: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6473 .. Adds\n+0003e010: 2061 6c6c 2073 6572 7665 7273 2066 726f all servers fro\n+0003e020: 6d20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2076 616c 7565 2074 m option value t\n+0003e030: 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 o the list of se\n+0003e040: 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 rvers used. \n+0003e050: 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 during name\n+0003e060: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 resolution.. \n+0003e070: 2020 e280 9831 3220 2848 6f73 7420 4e61 ...12 (Host Na\n+0003e080: 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 me).... \n+0003e090: 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Sets environmen\n+0003e0a0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 t variable ...ne\n+0003e0b0: 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 t_......_d\n+0003e0c0: 6863 705f 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 e280 9920 hcp_hostname... \n+0003e0d0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 (*note. \n+0003e0e0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+0003e0f0: 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 _hostname::) to \n+0003e100: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 the value of opt\n+0003e110: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3520 ion.. ...15 \n+0003e120: 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 (Domain Name)...\n+0003e130: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 . Sets \n+0003e140: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0003e150: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c able ...net_...<\n+0003e160: 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f 646f CARD>..._dhcp_do\n+0003e170: 6d61 696e e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 main... (*note. \n+0003e180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e net__domain:\n+0003e1a0: 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 :) to the value \n+0003e1b0: 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 of option.. \n+0003e1c0: e280 9831 3720 2852 6f6f 7420 5061 7468 ...17 (Root Path\n+0003e1d0: 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 ).... S\n+0003e1e0: 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ets environment \n+0003e1f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f variable ...net_\n+0003e200: e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 ......_dhc\n+0003e210: 705f 726f 6f74 7061 7468 e280 9920 282a p_rootpath... (*\n+0003e220: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e note. n\n+0003e230: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 et__r\n+0003e240: 6f6f 7470 6174 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 ootpath::) to th\n+0003e250: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f e value of optio\n+0003e260: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3820 2845 n.. ...18 (E\n+0003e270: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 5061 7468 29e2 xtensions Path).\n+0003e280: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 ... Set\n+0003e290: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s environment va\n+0003e2a0: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 riable ...net_..\n+0003e2b0: 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f ...._dhcp_\n+0003e2c0: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 e280 extensionspath..\n+0003e2d0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f .. (*no\n+0003e2e0: 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 te net__extensionspat\n+0003e300: 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 h::) to the valu\n+0003e310: 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f e of. o\n+0003e320: 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 ption.. ...6\n+0003e330: 3620 2854 4654 5020 5365 7276 6572 204e 6 (TFTP Server N\n+0003e340: 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame).... \n+0003e350: 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Sets environme\n+0003e360: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e nt variable ...n\n+0003e370: 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f et_......_\n+0003e380: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n+0003e390: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a .... (*\n+0003e3a0: 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 note net__dhcp_server\n+0003e3c0: 5f6e 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 _name::) to the \n+0003e3d0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 value of. \n+0003e3e0: 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 option.. \n+0003e3f0: e280 9836 3720 2846 696c 656e 616d 6529 ...67 (Filename)\n+0003e400: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 .... Se\n+0003e410: 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 ts environment v\n+0003e420: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 ariable ...net_.\n+0003e430: 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 626f 6f74 ....._boot\n+0003e440: 5f66 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a _file... (*note.\n+0003e450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 net__boot_f\n+0003e470: 696c 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 ile::) to the va\n+0003e480: 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a lue of option...\n+0003e490: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003e4a0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 o, Node: net_ge\n+0003e4b0: 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 t_dhcp_option, \n+0003e4c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 Next: net_ipv6_a\n+0003e4d0: 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 utoconf, Prev: \n+0003e4e0: 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 2055 703a 204e net_dhcp, Up: N\n+0003e4f0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+0003e500: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e39 206e 6574 5f67 ds..17.5.9 net_g\n+0003e510: 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a2d et_dhcp_option.-\n 0003e520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e530: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003e540: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 mand: net_get_dh\n-0003e550: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e20 5641 5220 494e cp_option VAR IN\n-0003e560: 5445 5246 4143 4520 4e55 4d42 4552 2054 TERFACE NUMBER T\n-0003e570: 5950 450a 2020 2020 2052 6571 7565 7374 YPE. Request\n-0003e580: 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 204e 554d DHCP option NUM\n-0003e590: 4245 5220 6f66 2054 5950 4520 7669 6120 BER of TYPE via \n-0003e5a0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e 2020 5459 5045 INTERFACE. TYPE\n-0003e5b0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 can be one. \n-0003e5c0: 206f 6620 e280 9873 7472 696e 67e2 8099 of ...string...\n-0003e5d0: 2c20 e280 986e 756d 6265 72e2 8099 206f , ...number... o\n-0003e5e0: 7220 e280 9868 6578 e280 992e 2020 4966 r ...hex.... If\n-0003e5f0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 option is found\n-0003e600: 2c20 6173 7369 676e 2069 7473 0a20 2020 , assign its. \n-0003e610: 2020 7661 6c75 6520 746f 2076 6172 6961 value to varia\n-0003e620: 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 ble VAR. Values\n-0003e630: 206f 6620 7479 7065 7320 e280 986e 756d of types ...num\n-0003e640: 6265 72e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6865 ber... and ...he\n-0003e650: 78e2 8099 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 636f x... are. co\n-0003e660: 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2073 7472 696e nverted to strin\n-0003e670: 6720 7265 7072 6573 656e 7461 7469 6f6e g representation\n-0003e680: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003e690: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-0003e6a0: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 _ipv6_autoconf, \n-0003e6b0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 Next: net_ls_ad\n-0003e6c0: 6472 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f67 dr, Prev: net_g\n-0003e6d0: 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 et_dhcp_option, \n-0003e6e0: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n-0003e6f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 commands..17.5.1\n-0003e700: 3020 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 0 net_ipv6_autoc\n-0003e710: 6f6e 660a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d onf.------------\n-0003e720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003e730: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n-0003e740: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 6620 5b43 ipv6_autoconf [C\n-0003e750: 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 ARD]. Perfor\n-0003e760: 6d20 4950 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 m IPv6 autoconfi\n-0003e770: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 6164 6469 guration by addi\n-0003e780: 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4341 5244 2069 ng to the CARD i\n-0003e790: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2077 6974 680a 2020 nterface with. \n-0003e7a0: 2020 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a name CARD...:\n-0003e7b0: 6c69 6e6b e280 9920 616e 6420 6c69 6e6b link... and link\n-0003e7c0: 206c 6f63 616c 204d 4143 2d62 6173 6564 local MAC-based\n-0003e7d0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f address. If no\n-0003e7e0: 2063 6172 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 card is. sp\n-0003e7f0: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2070 6572 666f 726d ecified, perform\n-0003e800: 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 autoconfigurati\n-0003e810: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 7374 on for all exist\n-0003e820: 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ing cards.....Fi\n-0003e830: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003e840: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 Node: net_ls_add\n-0003e850: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 r, Next: net_ls\n-0003e860: 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e _cards, Prev: n\n-0003e870: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n-0003e880: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n-0003e890: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n-0003e8a0: 2e31 3120 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a .11 net_ls_addr.\n-0003e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e8c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003e8d0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a 2020 : net_ls_addr. \n-0003e8e0: 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6e66 List all conf\n-0003e8f0: 6967 7572 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 igured interface\n-0003e900: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 s with their MAC\n-0003e910: 2061 6e64 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7365 and IP addresse\n-0003e920: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-0003e930: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-0003e940: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 204e 6578 t_ls_cards, Nex\n-0003e950: 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 t: net_ls_dns, \n-0003e960: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 Prev: net_ls_add\n-0003e970: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 r, Up: Networki\n-0003e980: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n-0003e990: 352e 3132 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 5.12 net_ls_card\n-0003e9a0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n-0003e9b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003e9c0: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 and: net_ls_card\n-0003e9d0: 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 s. List all \n-0003e9e0: 6465 7465 6374 6564 206e 6574 776f 726b detected network\n-0003e9f0: 2063 6172 6473 2077 6974 6820 7468 6569 cards with thei\n-0003ea00: 7220 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a0a r MAC address...\n-0003ea10: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003ea20: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 o, Node: net_ls\n-0003ea30: 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 _dns, Next: net\n-0003ea40: 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 2050 7265 _ls_routes, Pre\n-0003ea50: 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c v: net_ls_cards,\n-0003ea60: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n-0003ea70: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n-0003ea80: 3133 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2d2d 13 net_ls_dns.--\n+0003e530: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003e540: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f ommand: net_get_\n+0003e550: 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e20 5641 5220 dhcp_option VAR \n+0003e560: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 4e55 4d42 4552 INTERFACE NUMBER\n+0003e570: 2054 5950 450a 2020 2020 2052 6571 7565 TYPE. Reque\n+0003e580: 7374 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 204e st DHCP option N\n+0003e590: 554d 4245 5220 6f66 2054 5950 4520 7669 UMBER of TYPE vi\n+0003e5a0: 6120 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e 2020 5459 a INTERFACE. TY\n+0003e5b0: 5045 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f6e 650a 2020 PE can be one. \n+0003e5c0: 2020 206f 6620 e280 9873 7472 696e 67e2 of ...string.\n+0003e5d0: 8099 2c20 e280 986e 756d 6265 72e2 8099 .., ...number...\n+0003e5e0: 206f 7220 e280 9868 6578 e280 992e 2020 or ...hex.... \n+0003e5f0: 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2066 6f75 If option is fou\n+0003e600: 6e64 2c20 6173 7369 676e 2069 7473 0a20 nd, assign its. \n+0003e610: 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6520 746f 2076 6172 value to var\n+0003e620: 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5661 6c75 iable VAR. Valu\n+0003e630: 6573 206f 6620 7479 7065 7320 e280 986e es of types ...n\n+0003e640: 756d 6265 72e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 umber... and ...\n+0003e650: 6865 78e2 8099 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 hex... are. \n+0003e660: 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2073 7472 converted to str\n+0003e670: 696e 6720 7265 7072 6573 656e 7461 7469 ing representati\n+0003e680: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+0003e690: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+0003e6a0: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n+0003e6b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f , Next: net_ls_\n+0003e6c0: 6164 6472 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 addr, Prev: net\n+0003e6d0: 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e _get_dhcp_option\n+0003e6e0: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n+0003e6f0: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n+0003e700: 2e31 3020 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 .10 net_ipv6_aut\n+0003e710: 6f63 6f6e 660a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oconf.----------\n+0003e720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003e730: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003e740: 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 6620 t_ipv6_autoconf \n+0003e750: 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 [CARD]. Perf\n+0003e760: 6f72 6d20 4950 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e orm IPv6 autocon\n+0003e770: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 6164 figuration by ad\n+0003e780: 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4341 5244 ding to the CARD\n+0003e790: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2077 6974 680a interface with.\n+0003e7a0: 2020 2020 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 name CARD..\n+0003e7b0: 983a 6c69 6e6b e280 9920 616e 6420 6c69 .:link... and li\n+0003e7c0: 6e6b 206c 6f63 616c 204d 4143 2d62 6173 nk local MAC-bas\n+0003e7d0: 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2049 6620 ed address. If \n+0003e7e0: 6e6f 2063 6172 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 no card is. \n+0003e7f0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2070 6572 666f specified, perfo\n+0003e800: 726d 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 rm autoconfigura\n+0003e810: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 tion for all exi\n+0003e820: 7374 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e 0a0a 1f0a sting cards.....\n+0003e830: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003e840: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 Node: net_ls_a\n+0003e850: 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ddr, Next: net_\n+0003e860: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a ls_cards, Prev:\n+0003e870: 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f net_ipv6_autoco\n+0003e880: 6e66 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b nf, Up: Network\n+0003e890: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n+0003e8a0: 2e35 2e31 3120 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 .5.11 net_ls_add\n+0003e8b0: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r.--------------\n+0003e8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003e8d0: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a nd: net_ls_addr.\n+0003e8e0: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f List all co\n+0003e8f0: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6661 nfigured interfa\n+0003e900: 6365 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d ces with their M\n+0003e910: 4143 2061 6e64 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 AC and IP addres\n+0003e920: 7365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ses.....File: gr\n+0003e930: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003e940: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 204e net_ls_cards, N\n+0003e950: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c ext: net_ls_dns,\n+0003e960: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 Prev: net_ls_a\n+0003e970: 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 ddr, Up: Networ\n+0003e980: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n+0003e990: 372e 352e 3132 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7.5.12 net_ls_ca\n+0003e9a0: 7264 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rds.------------\n+0003e9b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003e9c0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 mmand: net_ls_ca\n+0003e9d0: 7264 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c rds. List al\n+0003e9e0: 6c20 6465 7465 6374 6564 206e 6574 776f l detected netwo\n+0003e9f0: 726b 2063 6172 6473 2077 6974 6820 7468 rk cards with th\n+0003ea00: 6569 7220 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e eir MAC address.\n+0003ea10: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003ea20: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+0003ea30: 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e ls_dns, Next: n\n+0003ea40: 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 2050 et_ls_routes, P\n+0003ea50: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 rev: net_ls_card\n+0003ea60: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 s, Up: Networki\n+0003ea70: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n+0003ea80: 352e 3133 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 5.13 net_ls_dns.\n 0003ea90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003eaa0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-0003eab0: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2020 2020 204c et_ls_dns. L\n-0003eac0: 6973 7420 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 6f66 ist addresses of\n-0003ead0: 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 DNS servers use\n-0003eae0: 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f d during name lo\n-0003eaf0: 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 okup.....File: g\n-0003eb00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003eb10: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 net_ls_routes, \n-0003eb20: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f Next: net_nsloo\n-0003eb30: 6b75 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f kup, Prev: net_\n-0003eb40: 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 ls_dns, Up: Net\n-0003eb50: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n-0003eb60: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3420 6e65 745f 6c73 ..17.5.14 net_ls\n-0003eb70: 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _routes.--------\n-0003eb80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003eb90: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n-0003eba0: 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2020 2020 204c ls_routes. L\n-0003ebb0: 6973 7420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 ist routing entr\n-0003ebc0: 6965 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ies.....File: gr\n-0003ebd0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0003ebe0: 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 204e net_nslookup, N\n-0003ebf0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 ext: net_set_vla\n-0003ec00: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 n, Prev: net_ls\n-0003ec10: 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 _routes, Up: Ne\n-0003ec20: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003ec30: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3135 206e 6574 5f6e s..17.5.15 net_n\n-0003ec40: 736c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d slookup.--------\n-0003ec50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003ec60: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6e - Command: net_n\n-0003ec70: 736c 6f6f 6b75 7020 4e41 4d45 205b 5345 slookup NAME [SE\n-0003ec80: 5256 4552 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c RVER]. Resol\n-0003ec90: 7665 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 4e41 ve address of NA\n-0003eca0: 4d45 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 2073 6572 ME using DNS ser\n-0003ecb0: 7665 7220 5345 5256 4552 2e20 2049 6620 ver SERVER. If \n-0003ecc0: 6e6f 2073 6572 7665 7220 6973 0a20 2020 no server is. \n-0003ecd0: 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 2075 7365 2064 6566 given, use def\n-0003ece0: 6175 6c74 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 ault list of ser\n-0003ecf0: 7665 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 vers.....File: g\n-0003ed00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003ed10: 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 net_set_vlan, \n-0003ed20: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b Prev: net_nslook\n-0003ed30: 7570 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b up, Up: Network\n-0003ed40: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n-0003ed50: 2e35 2e31 3620 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c .5.16 net_set_vl\n-0003ed60: 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d an.-------------\n-0003ed70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003ed80: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c mand: net_set_vl\n-0003ed90: 616e 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2056 4c41 an INTERFACE VLA\n-0003eda0: 4e49 440a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 NID. Set the\n-0003edb0: 2038 3032 2e31 5120 564c 414e 2069 6465 802.1Q VLAN ide\n-0003edc0: 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e 2049 4e54 4552 ntifier on INTER\n-0003edd0: 4641 4345 2074 6f20 564c 414e 4944 2e20 FACE to VLANID. \n-0003ede0: 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6578 616d 706c For. exampl\n-0003edf0: 652c 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 564c e, to set the VL\n-0003ee00: 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e AN identifier on\n-0003ee10: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 20e2 8098 6566 interface ...ef\n-0003ee20: 696e 6574 31e2 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 inet1... to. \n-0003ee30: 20e2 8098 3130 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 ...100...:.. \n-0003ee40: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 net_set_v\n-0003ee50: 6c61 6e20 6566 696e 6574 3120 3130 300a lan efinet1 100.\n-0003ee60: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 564c 414e 2069 . The VLAN i\n-0003ee70: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6361 6e20 6265 dentifier can be\n-0003ee80: 2072 656d 6f76 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 removed by sett\n-0003ee90: 696e 6720 6974 2074 6f20 e280 9830 e280 ing it to ...0..\n-0003eea0: 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 .:.. ne\n-0003eeb0: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2065 6669 6e65 t_set_vlan efine\n-0003eec0: 7431 2030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 t1 0....File: gr\n-0003eed0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0003eee0: 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d Undocumented com\n-0003eef0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 mands, Prev: Ne\n-0003ef00: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003ef10: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 s, Up: Commands\n-0003ef20: 0a0a 3137 2e36 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ..17.6 Commands \n-0003ef30: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e 646f 6375 currently undocu\n-0003ef40: 6d65 6e74 6564 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mented.=========\n+0003eaa0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003eab0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2020 2020 net_ls_dns. \n+0003eac0: 204c 6973 7420 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 List addresses \n+0003ead0: 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 of DNS servers u\n+0003eae0: 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 sed during name \n+0003eaf0: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a lookup.....File:\n+0003eb00: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003eb10: 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 e: net_ls_routes\n+0003eb20: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c , Next: net_nsl\n+0003eb30: 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 ookup, Prev: ne\n+0003eb40: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e t_ls_dns, Up: N\n+0003eb50: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+0003eb60: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3420 6e65 745f ds..17.5.14 net_\n+0003eb70: 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ls_routes.------\n+0003eb80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003eb90: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003eba0: 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2020 2020 t_ls_routes. \n+0003ebb0: 204c 6973 7420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e List routing en\n+0003ebc0: 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 tries.....File: \n+0003ebd0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003ebe0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 : net_nslookup, \n+0003ebf0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 Next: net_set_v\n+0003ec00: 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f lan, Prev: net_\n+0003ec10: 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 ls_routes, Up: \n+0003ec20: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003ec30: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3135 206e 6574 nds..17.5.15 net\n+0003ec40: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _nslookup.------\n+0003ec50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0003ec60: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n+0003ec70: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 7020 4e41 4d45 205b _nslookup NAME [\n+0003ec80: 5345 5256 4552 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 SERVER]. Res\n+0003ec90: 6f6c 7665 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 olve address of \n+0003eca0: 4e41 4d45 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 2073 NAME using DNS s\n+0003ecb0: 6572 7665 7220 5345 5256 4552 2e20 2049 erver SERVER. I\n+0003ecc0: 6620 6e6f 2073 6572 7665 7220 6973 0a20 f no server is. \n+0003ecd0: 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 2075 7365 2064 given, use d\n+0003ece0: 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 efault list of s\n+0003ecf0: 6572 7665 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ervers.....File:\n+0003ed00: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003ed10: 653a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c e: net_set_vlan,\n+0003ed20: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f Prev: net_nslo\n+0003ed30: 6f6b 7570 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f okup, Up: Netwo\n+0003ed40: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n+0003ed50: 3137 2e35 2e31 3620 6e65 745f 7365 745f 17.5.16 net_set_\n+0003ed60: 766c 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d vlan.-----------\n+0003ed70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003ed80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f ommand: net_set_\n+0003ed90: 766c 616e 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2056 vlan INTERFACE V\n+0003eda0: 4c41 4e49 440a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 LANID. Set t\n+0003edb0: 6865 2038 3032 2e31 5120 564c 414e 2069 he 802.1Q VLAN i\n+0003edc0: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e 2049 4e54 dentifier on INT\n+0003edd0: 4552 4641 4345 2074 6f20 564c 414e 4944 ERFACE to VLANID\n+0003ede0: 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6578 616d . For. exam\n+0003edf0: 706c 652c 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 ple, to set the \n+0003ee00: 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 VLAN identifier \n+0003ee10: 6f6e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 20e2 8098 on interface ...\n+0003ee20: 6566 696e 6574 31e2 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 efinet1... to. \n+0003ee30: 2020 20e2 8098 3130 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 ...100...:.. \n+0003ee40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 net_set\n+0003ee50: 5f76 6c61 6e20 6566 696e 6574 3120 3130 _vlan efinet1 10\n+0003ee60: 300a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 564c 414e 0.. The VLAN\n+0003ee70: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6361 6e20 identifier can \n+0003ee80: 6265 2072 656d 6f76 6564 2062 7920 7365 be removed by se\n+0003ee90: 7474 696e 6720 6974 2074 6f20 e280 9830 tting it to ...0\n+0003eea0: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ...:.. \n+0003eeb0: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2065 6669 net_set_vlan efi\n+0003eec0: 6e65 7431 2030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 net1 0....File: \n+0003eed0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003eee0: 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 : Undocumented c\n+0003eef0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ommands, Prev: \n+0003ef00: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003ef10: 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e nds, Up: Comman\n+0003ef20: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e36 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ds..17.6 Command\n+0003ef30: 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e 646f s currently undo\n+0003ef40: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d cumented.=======\n 0003ef50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003ef60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a55 6e66 ===========..Unf\n-0003ef70: 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 7420 ortunately, not \n-0003ef80: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 all GRUB command\n-0003ef90: 7320 6172 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 s are documented\n-0003efa0: 2061 7420 7468 6973 2074 696d 6520 6475 at this time du\n-0003efb0: 6520 746f 0a64 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2072 e to.developer r\n-0003efc0: 6573 6f75 7263 6520 636f 6e73 7472 6169 esource constrai\n-0003efd0: 6e74 732e 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 746f nts. One way to\n-0003efe0: 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 6520 6261 636b contribute back\n-0003eff0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a70 726f to the GRUB.pro\n-0003f000: 6a65 6374 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 746f ject would be to\n-0003f010: 2068 656c 7020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 help document t\n-0003f020: 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2061 hese commands, a\n-0003f030: 6e64 2073 7562 6d69 7420 7061 7463 6865 nd submit patche\n-0003f040: 7320 6f72 0a69 6465 6173 2074 6f20 7468 s or.ideas to th\n-0003f050: 6520 6d61 696c 696e 6720 6c69 7374 2e20 e mailing list. \n-0003f060: 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 The following i\n-0003f070: 7320 6120 286d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 s a (most likely\n-0003f080: 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 0a6c 6973 incomplete).lis\n-0003f090: 7420 6f66 2075 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 t of undocumente\n-0003f0a0: 6420 6f72 2070 6f6f 726c 7920 646f 6375 d or poorly docu\n-0003f0b0: 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 mented commands \n-0003f0c0: 616e 6420 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 and not all of t\n-0003f0d0: 6865 6d0a 6172 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 hem.are allowed \n-0003f0e0: 666f 7220 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d for all platform\n-0003f0f0: 732e 2020 5275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 s. Running the \n-0003f100: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6865 6c70 2066 726f command help fro\n-0003f110: 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 0a47 5255 m within the.GRU\n-0003f120: 4220 7368 656c 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 6f76 B shell may prov\n-0003f130: 6964 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 ide more informa\n-0003f140: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 tion on paramete\n-0003f150: 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7361 6765 2e0a 0a20 rs and usage... \n-0003f160: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 6c6c 5f66 756e ... ...all_fun\n-0003f170: 6374 696f 6e61 6c5f 7465 7374 e280 9920 ctional_test... \n-0003f180: 2d20 5275 6e20 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 - Run all functi\n-0003f190: 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 onal tests.. .\n-0003f1a0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6261 636b 7472 6163 65e2 .. ...backtrace.\n-0003f1b0: 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 2062 6163 6b74 .. - Print backt\n-0003f1c0: 7261 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 race.. ... ...\n-0003f1d0: 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 5368 boottime... - Sh\n-0003f1e0: 6f77 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2073 7461 ow boot time sta\n-0003f1f0: 7469 7374 6963 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 tistics.. ... \n-0003f200: e280 9863 6163 6865 696e 666f e280 9920 ...cacheinfo... \n-0003f210: 2d20 4765 7420 6469 736b 2063 6163 6865 - Get disk cache\n-0003f220: 2069 6e66 6f2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 info.. ... ..\n-0003f230: 9863 626d 656d 63e2 8099 202d 2053 686f .cbmemc... - Sho\n-0003f240: 7720 4342 4d45 4d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 w CBMEM console \n-0003f250: 636f 6e74 656e 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 content.. ... \n-0003f260: e280 9863 6d6f 7373 6574 e280 9920 2d20 ...cmosset... - \n-0003f270: 5365 7420 6269 7420 6174 2042 5954 453a Set bit at BYTE:\n-0003f280: 4249 5420 696e 2043 4d4f 532e 0a20 2020 BIT in CMOS.. \n-0003f290: e280 a220 e280 9863 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f ... ...coreboot_\n-0003f2a0: 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 5368 boottime... - Sh\n-0003f2b0: 6f77 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 626f 6f74 ow coreboot boot\n-0003f2c0: 2074 696d 6520 7374 6174 6973 7469 6373 time statistics\n-0003f2d0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6475 6d70 .. ... ...dump\n-0003f2e0: e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 206d 656d 6f72 ... - Show memor\n-0003f2f0: 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 y contents.. .\n-0003f300: 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f6c 6f61 .. ...efiemu_loa\n-0003f310: 6463 6f72 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 dcore... - Load \n-0003f320: 616e 6420 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2045 and initialize E\n-0003f330: 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 FI emulator.. \n-0003f340: e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f 7072 ... ...efiemu_pr\n-0003f350: 6570 6172 65e2 8099 202d 2046 696e 616c epare... - Final\n-0003f360: 697a 6520 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2045 ize loading of E\n-0003f370: 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 FI emulator.. \n-0003f380: e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f 756e ... ...efiemu_un\n-0003f390: 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 556e 6c6f 6164 load... - Unload\n-0003f3a0: 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 EFI emulator.. \n-0003f3b0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7869 74e2 8099 ... ...exit...\n-0003f3c0: 202d 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 - Exit from GRU\n-0003f3d0: 422e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 B.. ... ...ext\n-0003f3e0: 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e ract_entries_con\n-0003f3f0: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 figfile... - Loa\n-0003f400: 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 6967 d another config\n-0003f410: 2066 696c 6520 6275 7420 7461 6b65 0a20 file but take. \n-0003f420: 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e only menu en\n-0003f430: 7472 6965 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 tries.. ... ..\n-0003f440: 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 .extract_entries\n-0003f450: 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 _source... - Loa\n-0003f460: 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 6967 d another config\n-0003f470: 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 6f75 740a 2020 file without. \n-0003f480: 2020 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 636f 6e74 changing cont\n-0003f490: 6578 7420 6275 7420 7461 6b65 206f 6e6c ext but take onl\n-0003f4a0: 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a y menu entries..\n-0003f4b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 ... ...extrac\n-0003f4c0: 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 t_legacy_entries\n-0003f4d0: 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d _configfile... -\n-0003f4e0: 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f Parse legacy co\n-0003f4f0: 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 770a 2020 2020 nfig in new. \n-0003f500: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 context taking \n-0003f510: 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 only menu entrie\n-0003f520: 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 s. ... ...extr\n-0003f530: 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 act_legacy_entri\n-0003f540: 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2050 es_source... - P\n-0003f550: 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 arse legacy conf\n-0003f560: 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 ig in same. \n-0003f570: 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f context taking o\n-0003f580: 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 nly menu entries\n-0003f590: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 . ... ...extra\n-0003f5a0: 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 656e 7472 ct_syslinux_entr\n-0003f5b0: 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 ies_configfile..\n-0003f5c0: 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c . - Execute sysl\n-0003f5d0: 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 0a20 inux config in. \n-0003f5e0: 2020 2020 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 7420 new context \n-0003f5f0: 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 taking only menu\n-0003f600: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 entries. ... \n-0003f610: e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 ...extract_sysli\n-0003f620: 6e75 785f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 nux_entries_sour\n-0003f630: 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 ce... - Execute \n-0003f640: 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 syslinux config \n-0003f650: 696e 2073 616d 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e in same. con\n-0003f660: 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 text taking only\n-0003f670: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 menu entries. \n-0003f680: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 ... ...fakebios\n-0003f690: e280 9920 2d20 4372 6561 7465 2042 494f ... - Create BIO\n-0003f6a0: 532d 6c69 6b65 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 S-like structure\n-0003f6b0: 7320 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 2063 s for backward c\n-0003f6c0: 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 ompatibility. \n-0003f6d0: 2020 7769 7468 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 with existing \n-0003f6e0: 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 OS.. ... ...fi\n-0003f6f0: 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4368 6563 6b20 6966 le... - Check if\n-0003f700: 2046 494c 4520 6973 206f 6620 7370 6563 FILE is of spec\n-0003f710: 6966 6965 6420 7479 7065 2e0a 2020 20e2 ified type.. .\n-0003f720: 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 785f 7669 6465 6fe2 .. ...fix_video.\n-0003f730: 8099 202d 2046 6978 2076 6964 656f 2070 .. - Fix video p\n-0003f740: 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 roblem.. ... .\n-0003f750: 8098 6670 7377 61e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 ..fpswa... - Dis\n-0003f760: 706c 6179 2046 5053 5741 2076 6572 7369 play FPSWA versi\n-0003f770: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6675 on.. ... ...fu\n-0003f780: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 5f74 6573 74e2 8099 nctional_test...\n-0003f790: 202d 2052 756e 2061 6c6c 206c 6f61 6465 - Run all loade\n-0003f7a0: 6420 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 d functional tes\n-0003f7b0: 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 ts.. ... ...gd\n-0003f7c0: 6273 7475 625f 6272 6561 6be2 8099 202d bstub_break... -\n-0003f7d0: 2042 7265 616b 2069 6e74 6f20 4744 420a Break into GDB.\n-0003f7e0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 ... ...gdbstu\n-0003f7f0: 62e2 8099 202d 2053 7461 7274 2047 4442 b... - Start GDB\n-0003f800: 2073 7475 6220 6f6e 2067 6976 656e 2070 stub on given p\n-0003f810: 6f72 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 ort. ... ...gd\n-0003f820: 6273 7475 625f 7374 6f70 e280 9920 2d20 bstub_stop... - \n-0003f830: 5374 6f70 2047 4442 2073 7475 620a 2020 Stop GDB stub. \n-0003f840: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6864 7061 726d e280 ... ...hdparm..\n-0003f850: 9920 2d20 4765 742f 7365 7420 4154 4120 . - Get/set ATA \n-0003f860: 6469 736b 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 732e disk parameters.\n-0003f870: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9868 6578 6475 . ... ...hexdu\n-0003f880: 6d70 5f72 616e 646f 6de2 8099 202d 2048 mp_random... - H\n-0003f890: 6578 6475 6d70 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6461 exdump random da\n-0003f8a0: 7461 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 696e ta.. ... ...in\n-0003f8b0: 62e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 b... - Read 8-bi\n-0003f8c0: 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 t value from POR\n-0003f8d0: 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e6c T.. ... ...inl\n-0003f8e0: e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2033 322d 6269 ... - Read 32-bi\n-0003f8f0: 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 t value from POR\n-0003f900: 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e77 T.. ... ...inw\n-0003f910: e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2031 362d 6269 ... - Read 16-bi\n-0003f920: 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 t value from POR\n-0003f930: 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986a 7065 T.. ... ...jpe\n-0003f940: 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 gtest... - Tests\n-0003f950: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 4a50 4547 loading of JPEG\n-0003f960: 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 bitmap.. ... \n-0003f970: e280 986b 6579 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 204c ...keymap... - L\n-0003f980: 6f61 6420 6120 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 206c oad a keyboard l\n-0003f990: 6179 6f75 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ayout.. ... ..\n-0003f9a0: 986c 6567 6163 795f 6368 6563 6b5f 7061 .legacy_check_pa\n-0003f9b0: 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 ssword... - Simu\n-0003f9c0: 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 late grub-legacy\n-0003f9d0: 2027 7061 7373 776f 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 'password' comm\n-0003f9e0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 and. in menu\n-0003f9f0: 2065 6e74 7279 206d 6f64 650a 2020 20e2 entry mode. .\n-0003fa00: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e .. ...legacy_con\n-0003fa10: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 figfile... - Par\n-0003fa20: 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 se legacy config\n-0003fa30: 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 740a in new context.\n-0003fa40: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 ... ...legacy\n-0003fa50: 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2053 _password... - S\n-0003fa60: 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 imulate grub-leg\n-0003fa70: 6163 7920 2770 6173 7377 6f72 6427 2063 acy 'password' c\n-0003fa80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ommand. ... ..\n-0003fa90: 986c 6567 6163 795f 736f 7572 6365 e280 .legacy_source..\n-0003faa0: 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 6379 . - Parse legacy\n-0003fab0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 6520 config in same \n-0003fac0: 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 context. ... .\n-0003fad0: 8098 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 ..loadbios... - \n-0003fae0: 4c6f 6164 2042 494f 5320 6475 6d70 2e0a Load BIOS dump..\n-0003faf0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6163 7069 ... ...lsacpi\n-0003fb00: e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 4350 4920 ... - Show ACPI \n-0003fb10: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 information.. \n-0003fb20: e280 a220 e280 986c 7361 706d e280 9920 ... ...lsapm... \n-0003fb30: 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 504d 2069 6e66 6f72 - Show APM infor\n-0003fb40: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 mation.. ... .\n-0003fb50: 8098 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 e280 9920 ..lscoreboot... \n-0003fb60: 2d20 4c69 7374 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 - List coreboot \n-0003fb70: 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 tables.. ... .\n-0003fb80: 8098 6c73 6465 76e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 ..lsdev... - Lis\n-0003fb90: 7420 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 t devices.. ..\n-0003fba0: a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 e280 9920 2d20 . ...lsefi... - \n-0003fbb0: 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6861 6e64 Display EFI hand\n-0003fbc0: 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c les.. ... ...l\n-0003fbd0: 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4469 sefimmap... - Di\n-0003fbe0: 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 splay EFI memory\n-0003fbf0: 206d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 map.. ... ...\n-0003fc00: 6c73 6566 6973 7973 7461 62e2 8099 202d lsefisystab... -\n-0003fc10: 2044 6973 706c 6179 2045 4649 2073 7973 Display EFI sys\n-0003fc20: 7465 6d20 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 tem tables.. .\n-0003fc30: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 .. ...lsmmap... \n-0003fc40: 2d20 4c69 7374 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 - List memory ma\n-0003fc50: 7020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 6669 p provided by fi\n-0003fc60: 726d 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 rmware.. ... .\n-0003fc70: 8098 6c73 7063 69e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 ..lspci... - Lis\n-0003fc80: 7420 5043 4920 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 t PCI devices.. \n-0003fc90: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7373 616c e280 ... ...lssal..\n-0003fca0: 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 5341 4c20 . - Display SAL \n-0003fcb0: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6162 6c65 2e0a 2020 system table.. \n-0003fcc0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7370 64e2 8099 ... ...lsspd...\n-0003fcd0: 202d 2050 7269 6e74 204d 656d 6f72 7920 - Print Memory \n-0003fce0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 information.. \n-0003fcf0: e280 a220 e280 986d 6163 7070 6362 6c65 ... ...macppcble\n-0003fd00: 7373 e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4449 ss... - Bless DI\n-0003fd10: 5220 6f66 2048 4653 206f 7220 4846 532b R of HFS or HFS+\n-0003fd20: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2050 partition for P\n-0003fd30: 5043 206d 6163 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 PC macs.. ... \n-0003fd40: e280 986d 6163 7465 6c62 6c65 7373 e280 ...mactelbless..\n-0003fd50: 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4649 4c45 206f . - Bless FILE o\n-0003fd60: 6620 4846 5320 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 7061 f HFS or HFS+ pa\n-0003fd70: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 696e 7465 rtition for inte\n-0003fd80: 6c20 6d61 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 l macs.. ... .\n-0003fd90: 8098 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e e280 ..net_set_vlan..\n-0003fda0: 9920 2d20 5365 7420 616e 2069 6e74 6572 . - Set an inter\n-0003fdb0: 6661 6365 2773 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 2e0a face's vlan id..\n-0003fdc0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 7462 e280 ... ...outb..\n-0003fdd0: 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 382d 6269 7420 . - Write 8-bit \n-0003fde0: 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 VALUE to PORT.. \n-0003fdf0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 6ce2 8099 ... ...outl...\n-0003fe00: 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 7420 - Write 32-bit \n-0003fe10: 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 VALUE to PORT.. \n-0003fe20: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 77e2 8099 ... ...outw...\n-0003fe30: 202d 2057 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 - Write 16-bit \n-0003fe40: 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 VALUE to PORT.. \n-0003fe50: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 6369 6475 6d70 ... ...pcidump\n-0003fe60: e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2072 6177 2064 ... - Show raw d\n-0003fe70: 756d 7020 6f66 2074 6865 2050 4349 2063 ump of the PCI c\n-0003fe80: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 7061 onfiguration spa\n-0003fe90: 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 706e ce.. ... ...pn\n-0003fea0: 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 gtest... - Tests\n-0003feb0: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 504e 4720 loading of PNG \n-0003fec0: 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 bitmap.. ... .\n-0003fed0: 8098 7265 6164 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 202d ..read_byte... -\n-0003fee0: 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 Read 8-bit valu\n-0003fef0: 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e from ADDR.. \n-0003ff00: e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 645f 6477 6f72 ... ...read_dwor\n-0003ff10: 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 3332 2d62 d... - Read 32-b\n-0003ff20: 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 it value from AD\n-0003ff30: 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 DR.. ... ...re\n-0003ff40: 6164 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 ad_word... - Rea\n-0003ff50: 6420 3136 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 d 16-bit value f\n-0003ff60: 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 rom ADDR.. ...\n-0003ff70: 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6369 e280 9920 2d20 ...setpci... - \n-0003ff80: 4d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 2050 4349 2064 Manipulate PCI d\n-0003ff90: 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 evices.. ... .\n-0003ffa0: 8098 7375 7370 656e 64e2 8099 202d 2052 ..suspend... - R\n-0003ffb0: 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2049 4545 4531 3237 eturn to IEEE127\n-0003ffc0: 3520 7072 6f6d 7074 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 5 prompt.. ...\n-0003ffd0: 20e2 8098 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f63 6f6e ...syslinux_con\n-0003ffe0: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 figfile... - Exe\n-0003fff0: 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f cute syslinux co\n-00040000: 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 nfig in new cont\n-00040010: 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 ext. ... ...sy\n-00040020: 736c 696e 7578 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 slinux_source...\n-00040030: 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 - Execute sysli\n-00040040: 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 nux config in sa\n-00040050: 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 me context. ..\n-00040060: a220 e280 9874 6573 745f 626c 6f63 6b61 . ...test_blocka\n-00040070: 7267 e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 616e rg... - Print an\n-00040080: 6420 6578 6563 7574 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 d execute block \n-00040090: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2e2c 2030 0a20 2020 argument., 0. \n-000400a0: e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 746c 6f61 64e2 ... ...testload.\n-000400b0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 7361 .. - Load the sa\n-000400c0: 6d65 2066 696c 6520 696e 206d 756c 7469 me file in multi\n-000400d0: 706c 6520 7761 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ple ways.. ...\n-000400e0: 20e2 8098 7465 7374 7370 6565 64e2 8099 ...testspeed...\n-000400f0: 202d 2054 6573 7420 6669 6c65 2072 6561 - Test file rea\n-00040100: 6420 7370 6565 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 d speed.. ... \n-00040110: e280 9874 6761 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 ...tgatest... - \n-00040120: 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 Tests loading of\n-00040130: 2054 4741 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 TGA bitmap.. \n-00040140: e280 a220 e280 9874 696d 65e2 8099 202d ... ...time... -\n-00040150: 204d 6561 7375 7265 2074 696d 6520 7573 Measure time us\n-00040160: 6564 2062 7920 434f 4d4d 414e 440a 2020 ed by COMMAND. \n-00040170: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 e280 9920 2d20 ... ...tr... - \n-00040180: 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 5345 5431 2063 Translate SET1 c\n-00040190: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 746f 2053 4554 haracters to SET\n-000401a0: 3220 696e 2053 5452 494e 472e 0a20 2020 2 in STRING.. \n-000401b0: e280 a220 e280 9875 7362 e280 9920 2d20 ... ...usb... - \n-000401c0: 5465 7374 2055 5342 2073 7570 706f 7274 Test USB support\n-000401d0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7662 6569 .. ... ...vbei\n-000401e0: 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 6176 nfo... - List av\n-000401f0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f ailable video mo\n-00040200: 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 des. If resolut\n-00040210: 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 0a20 2020 ion is given. \n-00040220: 2020 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 6465 show only mode\n-00040230: 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2069 742e 0a20 s matching it.. \n-00040240: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9876 6265 7465 7374 ... ...vbetest\n-00040250: e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2076 6964 656f ... - Test video\n-00040260: 2073 7562 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 subsystem.. .\n-00040270: 80a2 20e2 8098 7669 6465 6f74 6573 74e2 .. ...videotest.\n-00040280: 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 7669 6465 6f20 .. - Test video \n-00040290: 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 206d 6f64 subsystem in mod\n-000402a0: 6520 5778 482e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 e WxH.. ... ..\n-000402b0: 9877 7269 7465 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 202d .write_byte... -\n-000402c0: 2057 7269 7465 2038 2d62 6974 2056 414c Write 8-bit VAL\n-000402d0: 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 UE to ADDR.. .\n-000402e0: 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f 6477 6f72 .. ...write_dwor\n-000402f0: 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d d... - Write 32-\n-00040300: 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 bit VALUE to ADD\n-00040310: 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 R.. ... ...wri\n-00040320: 7465 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 te_word... - Wri\n-00040330: 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 te 16-bit VALUE \n-00040340: 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 to ADDR.. ... \n-00040350: e280 9878 656e 5f63 6174 e280 9920 2d20 ...xen_cat... - \n-00040360: 4c69 7374 2058 656e 2073 746f 7261 6765 List Xen storage\n-00040370: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 6e5f .. ... ...xen_\n-00040380: 6c73 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 656e ls... - List Xen\n-00040390: 2073 746f 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 storage.. ...\n-000403a0: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6465 7670 726f 705f ...xnu_devprop_\n-000403b0: 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2027 load... - Load '\n-000403c0: 6465 7669 6365 2d70 726f 7065 7274 6965 device-propertie\n-000403d0: 7327 2064 756d 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 s' dump.. ... \n-000403e0: e280 9878 6e75 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 202d ...xnu_uuid... -\n-000403f0: 2054 7261 6e73 666f 726d 2036 342d 6269 Transform 64-bi\n-00040400: 7420 5555 4944 2074 6f20 666f 726d 6174 t UUID to format\n-00040410: 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 584e suitable for XN\n-00040420: 552e 2049 660a 2020 2020 202d 6c20 6973 U. If. -l is\n-00040430: 2067 6976 656e 206b 6565 7020 6974 206c given keep it l\n-00040440: 6f77 6572 6361 7365 2061 7320 646f 6e65 owercase as done\n-00040450: 2062 7920 626c 6b69 642e 0a20 2020 e280 by blkid.. ..\n-00040460: a220 e280 987a 6673 2d62 6f6f 7466 73e2 . ...zfs-bootfs.\n-00040470: 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 205a 4653 2d42 .. - Print ZFS-B\n-00040480: 4f4f 5446 534f 424a 206f 7220 7374 6f72 OOTFSOBJ or stor\n-00040490: 6520 6974 2069 6e74 6f20 5641 5249 4142 e it into VARIAB\n-000404a0: 4c45 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 LE. ... ...zfs\n-000404b0: 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 info... - Print \n-000404c0: 5a46 5320 696e 666f 2061 626f 7574 2044 ZFS info about D\n-000404d0: 4556 4943 452e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 EVICE.. ... ..\n-000404e0: 987a 6673 6b65 79e2 8099 202d 2049 6d70 .zfskey... - Imp\n-000404f0: 6f72 7420 5a46 5320 7772 6170 7069 6e67 ort ZFS wrapping\n-00040500: 206b 6579 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2046 key stored in F\n-00040510: 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ILE.....File: gr\n-00040520: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00040530: 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 Internationalisa\n-00040540: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 tion, Next: Sec\n-00040550: 7572 6974 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f urity, Prev: Co\n-00040560: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 mmands, Up: Top\n-00040570: 0a0a 3138 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e ..18 Internation\n-00040580: 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a alisation.******\n+0003ef60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a55 =============..U\n+0003ef70: 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f nfortunately, no\n+0003ef80: 7420 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 t all GRUB comma\n+0003ef90: 6e64 7320 6172 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 nds are document\n+0003efa0: 6564 2061 7420 7468 6973 2074 696d 6520 ed at this time \n+0003efb0: 6475 6520 746f 0a64 6576 656c 6f70 6572 due to.developer\n+0003efc0: 2072 6573 6f75 7263 6520 636f 6e73 7472 resource constr\n+0003efd0: 6169 6e74 732e 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 aints. One way \n+0003efe0: 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 6520 6261 to contribute ba\n+0003eff0: 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a70 ck to the GRUB.p\n+0003f000: 726f 6a65 6374 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 roject would be \n+0003f010: 746f 2068 656c 7020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 to help document\n+0003f020: 2074 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c these commands,\n+0003f030: 2061 6e64 2073 7562 6d69 7420 7061 7463 and submit patc\n+0003f040: 6865 7320 6f72 0a69 6465 6173 2074 6f20 hes or.ideas to \n+0003f050: 7468 6520 6d61 696c 696e 6720 6c69 7374 the mailing list\n+0003f060: 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 . The following\n+0003f070: 2069 7320 6120 286d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 is a (most like\n+0003f080: 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 0a6c ly incomplete).l\n+0003f090: 6973 7420 6f66 2075 6e64 6f63 756d 656e ist of undocumen\n+0003f0a0: 7465 6420 6f72 2070 6f6f 726c 7920 646f ted or poorly do\n+0003f0b0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 cumented command\n+0003f0c0: 7320 616e 6420 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 s and not all of\n+0003f0d0: 2074 6865 6d0a 6172 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 them.are allowe\n+0003f0e0: 6420 666f 7220 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f d for all platfo\n+0003f0f0: 726d 732e 2020 5275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 rms. Running th\n+0003f100: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6865 6c70 2066 e command help f\n+0003f110: 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 0a47 rom within the.G\n+0003f120: 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 RUB shell may pr\n+0003f130: 6f76 6964 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 ovide more infor\n+0003f140: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7061 7261 6d65 mation on parame\n+0003f150: 7465 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7361 6765 2e0a ters and usage..\n+0003f160: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 6c6c 5f66 . ... ...all_f\n+0003f170: 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c5f 7465 7374 e280 unctional_test..\n+0003f180: 9920 2d20 5275 6e20 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 . - Run all func\n+0003f190: 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 tional tests.. \n+0003f1a0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6261 636b 7472 6163 ... ...backtrac\n+0003f1b0: 65e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 2062 6163 e... - Print bac\n+0003f1c0: 6b74 7261 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ktrace.. ... .\n+0003f1d0: 8098 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 ..boottime... - \n+0003f1e0: 5368 6f77 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2073 Show boot time s\n+0003f1f0: 7461 7469 7374 6963 732e 0a20 2020 e280 tatistics.. ..\n+0003f200: a220 e280 9863 6163 6865 696e 666f e280 . ...cacheinfo..\n+0003f210: 9920 2d20 4765 7420 6469 736b 2063 6163 . - Get disk cac\n+0003f220: 6865 2069 6e66 6f2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 he info.. ... \n+0003f230: e280 9863 626d 656d 63e2 8099 202d 2053 ...cbmemc... - S\n+0003f240: 686f 7720 4342 4d45 4d20 636f 6e73 6f6c how CBMEM consol\n+0003f250: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 742e 0a20 2020 e280 e content.. ..\n+0003f260: a220 e280 9863 6d6f 7373 6574 e280 9920 . ...cmosset... \n+0003f270: 2d20 5365 7420 6269 7420 6174 2042 5954 - Set bit at BYT\n+0003f280: 453a 4249 5420 696e 2043 4d4f 532e 0a20 E:BIT in CMOS.. \n+0003f290: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 6f72 6562 6f6f ... ...coreboo\n+0003f2a0: 745f 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 t_boottime... - \n+0003f2b0: 5368 6f77 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 626f Show coreboot bo\n+0003f2c0: 6f74 2074 696d 6520 7374 6174 6973 7469 ot time statisti\n+0003f2d0: 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6475 cs.. ... ...du\n+0003f2e0: 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 206d 656d mp... - Show mem\n+0003f2f0: 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2e0a 2020 ory contents.. \n+0003f300: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f6c ... ...efiemu_l\n+0003f310: 6f61 6463 6f72 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 oadcore... - Loa\n+0003f320: 6420 616e 6420 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 d and initialize\n+0003f330: 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 EFI emulator.. \n+0003f340: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f ... ...efiemu_\n+0003f350: 7072 6570 6172 65e2 8099 202d 2046 696e prepare... - Fin\n+0003f360: 616c 697a 6520 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 alize loading of\n+0003f370: 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 EFI emulator.. \n+0003f380: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f ... ...efiemu_\n+0003f390: 756e 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 556e 6c6f unload... - Unlo\n+0003f3a0: 6164 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e ad EFI emulator.\n+0003f3b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7869 74e2 . ... ...exit.\n+0003f3c0: 8099 202d 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 .. - Exit from G\n+0003f3d0: 5255 422e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 RUB.. ... ...e\n+0003f3e0: 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 xtract_entries_c\n+0003f3f0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 204c onfigfile... - L\n+0003f400: 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 oad another conf\n+0003f410: 6967 2066 696c 6520 6275 7420 7461 6b65 ig file but take\n+0003f420: 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 . only menu \n+0003f430: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 entries.. ... \n+0003f440: e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 ...extract_entri\n+0003f450: 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 204c es_source... - L\n+0003f460: 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 oad another conf\n+0003f470: 6967 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 6f75 740a ig file without.\n+0003f480: 2020 2020 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 636f changing co\n+0003f490: 6e74 6578 7420 6275 7420 7461 6b65 206f ntext but take o\n+0003f4a0: 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 nly menu entries\n+0003f4b0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 .. ... ...extr\n+0003f4c0: 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 act_legacy_entri\n+0003f4d0: 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 es_configfile...\n+0003f4e0: 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 - Parse legacy \n+0003f4f0: 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 770a 2020 config in new. \n+0003f500: 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e context takin\n+0003f510: 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 g only menu entr\n+0003f520: 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 ies. ... ...ex\n+0003f530: 7472 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 tract_legacy_ent\n+0003f540: 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d ries_source... -\n+0003f550: 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f Parse legacy co\n+0003f560: 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 nfig in same. \n+0003f570: 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 context taking\n+0003f580: 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 only menu entri\n+0003f590: 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 es. ... ...ext\n+0003f5a0: 7261 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 656e ract_syslinux_en\n+0003f5b0: 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 tries_configfile\n+0003f5c0: e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 ... - Execute sy\n+0003f5d0: 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e slinux config in\n+0003f5e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 . new contex\n+0003f5f0: 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 t taking only me\n+0003f600: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 nu entries. ..\n+0003f610: a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f73 7973 . ...extract_sys\n+0003f620: 6c69 6e75 785f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f linux_entries_so\n+0003f630: 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 urce... - Execut\n+0003f640: 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 e syslinux confi\n+0003f650: 6720 696e 2073 616d 650a 2020 2020 2063 g in same. c\n+0003f660: 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e ontext taking on\n+0003f670: 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a ly menu entries.\n+0003f680: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6661 6b65 6269 ... ...fakebi\n+0003f690: 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4372 6561 7465 2042 os... - Create B\n+0003f6a0: 494f 532d 6c69 6b65 2073 7472 7563 7475 IOS-like structu\n+0003f6b0: 7265 7320 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 res for backward\n+0003f6c0: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 0a20 compatibility. \n+0003f6d0: 2020 2020 7769 7468 2065 7869 7374 696e with existin\n+0003f6e0: 6720 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 g OS.. ... ...\n+0003f6f0: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4368 6563 6b20 file... - Check \n+0003f700: 6966 2046 494c 4520 6973 206f 6620 7370 if FILE is of sp\n+0003f710: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7479 7065 2e0a 2020 ecified type.. \n+0003f720: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 785f 7669 6465 ... ...fix_vide\n+0003f730: 6fe2 8099 202d 2046 6978 2076 6964 656f o... - Fix video\n+0003f740: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 problem.. ...\n+0003f750: 20e2 8098 6670 7377 61e2 8099 202d 2044 ...fpswa... - D\n+0003f760: 6973 706c 6179 2046 5053 5741 2076 6572 isplay FPSWA ver\n+0003f770: 7369 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 sion.. ... ...\n+0003f780: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 5f74 6573 74e2 functional_test.\n+0003f790: 8099 202d 2052 756e 2061 6c6c 206c 6f61 .. - Run all loa\n+0003f7a0: 6465 6420 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 ded functional t\n+0003f7b0: 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ests.. ... ...\n+0003f7c0: 6764 6273 7475 625f 6272 6561 6be2 8099 gdbstub_break...\n+0003f7d0: 202d 2042 7265 616b 2069 6e74 6f20 4744 - Break into GD\n+0003f7e0: 420a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 B. ... ...gdbs\n+0003f7f0: 7475 62e2 8099 202d 2053 7461 7274 2047 tub... - Start G\n+0003f800: 4442 2073 7475 6220 6f6e 2067 6976 656e DB stub on given\n+0003f810: 2070 6f72 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 port. ... ...\n+0003f820: 6764 6273 7475 625f 7374 6f70 e280 9920 gdbstub_stop... \n+0003f830: 2d20 5374 6f70 2047 4442 2073 7475 620a - Stop GDB stub.\n+0003f840: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6864 7061 726d ... ...hdparm\n+0003f850: e280 9920 2d20 4765 742f 7365 7420 4154 ... - Get/set AT\n+0003f860: 4120 6469 736b 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 A disk parameter\n+0003f870: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9868 6578 s.. ... ...hex\n+0003f880: 6475 6d70 5f72 616e 646f 6de2 8099 202d dump_random... -\n+0003f890: 2048 6578 6475 6d70 2072 616e 646f 6d20 Hexdump random \n+0003f8a0: 6461 7461 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 data.. ... ...\n+0003f8b0: 696e 62e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d inb... - Read 8-\n+0003f8c0: 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 bit value from P\n+0003f8d0: 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 ORT.. ... ...i\n+0003f8e0: 6e6c e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2033 322d nl... - Read 32-\n+0003f8f0: 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 bit value from P\n+0003f900: 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 ORT.. ... ...i\n+0003f910: 6e77 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2031 362d nw... - Read 16-\n+0003f920: 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 bit value from P\n+0003f930: 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986a ORT.. ... ...j\n+0003f940: 7065 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 pegtest... - Tes\n+0003f950: 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 4a50 ts loading of JP\n+0003f960: 4547 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 EG bitmap.. ..\n+0003f970: a220 e280 986b 6579 6d61 70e2 8099 202d . ...keymap... -\n+0003f980: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 Load a keyboard\n+0003f990: 206c 6179 6f75 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 layout.. ... \n+0003f9a0: e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 6368 6563 6b5f ...legacy_check_\n+0003f9b0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 password... - Si\n+0003f9c0: 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 mulate grub-lega\n+0003f9d0: 6379 2027 7061 7373 776f 7264 2720 636f cy 'password' co\n+0003f9e0: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6d65 mmand. in me\n+0003f9f0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206d 6f64 650a 2020 nu entry mode. \n+0003fa00: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 ... ...legacy_c\n+0003fa10: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 onfigfile... - P\n+0003fa20: 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 arse legacy conf\n+0003fa30: 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 ig in new contex\n+0003fa40: 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 t. ... ...lega\n+0003fa50: 6379 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 202d cy_password... -\n+0003fa60: 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c Simulate grub-l\n+0003fa70: 6567 6163 7920 2770 6173 7377 6f72 6427 egacy 'password'\n+0003fa80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 command. ... \n+0003fa90: e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 736f 7572 6365 ...legacy_source\n+0003faa0: e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 ... - Parse lega\n+0003fab0: 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d cy config in sam\n+0003fac0: 6520 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 e context. ...\n+0003fad0: 20e2 8098 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 e280 9920 ...loadbios... \n+0003fae0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2042 494f 5320 6475 6d70 - Load BIOS dump\n+0003faf0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6163 .. ... ...lsac\n+0003fb00: 7069 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 4350 pi... - Show ACP\n+0003fb10: 4920 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 I information.. \n+0003fb20: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7361 706d e280 ... ...lsapm..\n+0003fb30: 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 504d 2069 6e66 . - Show APM inf\n+0003fb40: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ormation.. ...\n+0003fb50: 20e2 8098 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 e280 ...lscoreboot..\n+0003fb60: 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f . - List coreboo\n+0003fb70: 7420 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 t tables.. ...\n+0003fb80: 20e2 8098 6c73 6465 76e2 8099 202d 204c ...lsdev... - L\n+0003fb90: 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 ist devices.. \n+0003fba0: e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 e280 9920 ... ...lsefi... \n+0003fbb0: 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6861 - Display EFI ha\n+0003fbc0: 6e64 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ndles.. ... ..\n+0003fbd0: 986c 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 .lsefimmap... - \n+0003fbe0: 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f Display EFI memo\n+0003fbf0: 7279 206d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ry map.. ... .\n+0003fc00: 8098 6c73 6566 6973 7973 7461 62e2 8099 ..lsefisystab...\n+0003fc10: 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2045 4649 2073 - Display EFI s\n+0003fc20: 7973 7465 6d20 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 ystem tables.. \n+0003fc30: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6d6d 6170 e280 ... ...lsmmap..\n+0003fc40: 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 206d 656d 6f72 7920 . - List memory \n+0003fc50: 6d61 7020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 map provided by \n+0003fc60: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 firmware.. ...\n+0003fc70: 20e2 8098 6c73 7063 69e2 8099 202d 204c ...lspci... - L\n+0003fc80: 6973 7420 5043 4920 6465 7669 6365 732e ist PCI devices.\n+0003fc90: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7373 616c . ... ...lssal\n+0003fca0: e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 5341 ... - Display SA\n+0003fcb0: 4c20 7379 7374 656d 2074 6162 6c65 2e0a L system table..\n+0003fcc0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7370 64e2 ... ...lsspd.\n+0003fcd0: 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 204d 656d 6f72 .. - Print Memor\n+0003fce0: 7920 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 y information.. \n+0003fcf0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6163 7070 6362 ... ...macppcb\n+0003fd00: 6c65 7373 e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 less... - Bless \n+0003fd10: 4449 5220 6f66 2048 4653 206f 7220 4846 DIR of HFS or HF\n+0003fd20: 532b 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 S+ partition for\n+0003fd30: 2050 5043 206d 6163 732e 0a20 2020 e280 PPC macs.. ..\n+0003fd40: a220 e280 986d 6163 7465 6c62 6c65 7373 . ...mactelbless\n+0003fd50: e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4649 4c45 ... - Bless FILE\n+0003fd60: 206f 6620 4846 5320 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 of HFS or HFS+ \n+0003fd70: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 696e partition for in\n+0003fd80: 7465 6c20 6d61 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 tel macs.. ...\n+0003fd90: 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e ...net_set_vlan\n+0003fda0: e280 9920 2d20 5365 7420 616e 2069 6e74 ... - Set an int\n+0003fdb0: 6572 6661 6365 2773 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 erface's vlan id\n+0003fdc0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 7462 .. ... ...outb\n+0003fdd0: e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 382d 6269 ... - Write 8-bi\n+0003fde0: 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e t VALUE to PORT.\n+0003fdf0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 6ce2 . ... ...outl.\n+0003fe00: 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 .. - Write 32-bi\n+0003fe10: 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e t VALUE to PORT.\n+0003fe20: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 77e2 . ... ...outw.\n+0003fe30: 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 .. - Write 16-bi\n+0003fe40: 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e t VALUE to PORT.\n+0003fe50: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 6369 6475 . ... ...pcidu\n+0003fe60: 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2072 6177 mp... - Show raw\n+0003fe70: 2064 756d 7020 6f66 2074 6865 2050 4349 dump of the PCI\n+0003fe80: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 configuration s\n+0003fe90: 7061 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 pace.. ... ...\n+0003fea0: 706e 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 pngtest... - Tes\n+0003feb0: 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 504e ts loading of PN\n+0003fec0: 4720 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 G bitmap.. ...\n+0003fed0: 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 ...read_byte...\n+0003fee0: 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 - Read 8-bit va\n+0003fef0: 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 lue from ADDR.. \n+0003ff00: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 645f 6477 ... ...read_dw\n+0003ff10: 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 3332 ord... - Read 32\n+0003ff20: 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 -bit value from \n+0003ff30: 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ADDR.. ... ...\n+0003ff40: 7265 6164 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 read_word... - R\n+0003ff50: 6561 6420 3136 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 ead 16-bit value\n+0003ff60: 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 from ADDR.. .\n+0003ff70: 80a2 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6369 e280 9920 .. ...setpci... \n+0003ff80: 2d20 4d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 2050 4349 - Manipulate PCI\n+0003ff90: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 devices.. ...\n+0003ffa0: 20e2 8098 7375 7370 656e 64e2 8099 202d ...suspend... -\n+0003ffb0: 2052 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2049 4545 4531 Return to IEEE1\n+0003ffc0: 3237 3520 7072 6f6d 7074 2e0a 2020 20e2 275 prompt.. .\n+0003ffd0: 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f63 .. ...syslinux_c\n+0003ffe0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2045 onfigfile... - E\n+0003fff0: 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 xecute syslinux \n+00040000: 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f config in new co\n+00040010: 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ntext. ... ...\n+00040020: 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 syslinux_source.\n+00040030: 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 .. - Execute sys\n+00040040: 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 linux config in \n+00040050: 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 same context. \n+00040060: e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 745f 626c 6f63 ... ...test_bloc\n+00040070: 6b61 7267 e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 karg... - Print \n+00040080: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6520 626c 6f63 and execute bloc\n+00040090: 6b20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2e2c 2030 0a20 k argument., 0. \n+000400a0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 746c 6f61 ... ...testloa\n+000400b0: 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 d... - Load the \n+000400c0: 7361 6d65 2066 696c 6520 696e 206d 756c same file in mul\n+000400d0: 7469 706c 6520 7761 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 tiple ways.. .\n+000400e0: 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 7374 7370 6565 64e2 .. ...testspeed.\n+000400f0: 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 6669 6c65 2072 .. - Test file r\n+00040100: 6561 6420 7370 6565 642e 0a20 2020 e280 ead speed.. ..\n+00040110: a220 e280 9874 6761 7465 7374 e280 9920 . ...tgatest... \n+00040120: 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 - Tests loading \n+00040130: 6f66 2054 4741 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 of TGA bitmap.. \n+00040140: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 696d 65e2 8099 ... ...time...\n+00040150: 202d 204d 6561 7375 7265 2074 696d 6520 - Measure time \n+00040160: 7573 6564 2062 7920 434f 4d4d 414e 440a used by COMMAND.\n+00040170: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 e280 9920 ... ...tr... \n+00040180: 2d20 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 5345 5431 - Translate SET1\n+00040190: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 746f 2053 characters to S\n+000401a0: 4554 3220 696e 2053 5452 494e 472e 0a20 ET2 in STRING.. \n+000401b0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9875 7362 e280 9920 ... ...usb... \n+000401c0: 2d20 5465 7374 2055 5342 2073 7570 706f - Test USB suppo\n+000401d0: 7274 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7662 rt.. ... ...vb\n+000401e0: 6569 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 einfo... - List \n+000401f0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 available video \n+00040200: 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c modes. If resol\n+00040210: 7574 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 0a20 ution is given. \n+00040220: 2020 2020 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c 7920 6d6f show only mo\n+00040230: 6465 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2069 742e des matching it.\n+00040240: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9876 6265 7465 . ... ...vbete\n+00040250: 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2076 6964 st... - Test vid\n+00040260: 656f 2073 7562 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 eo subsystem.. \n+00040270: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7669 6465 6f74 6573 ... ...videotes\n+00040280: 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 7669 6465 t... - Test vide\n+00040290: 6f20 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 206d o subsystem in m\n+000402a0: 6f64 6520 5778 482e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ode WxH.. ... \n+000402b0: e280 9877 7269 7465 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 ...write_byte...\n+000402c0: 202d 2057 7269 7465 2038 2d62 6974 2056 - Write 8-bit V\n+000402d0: 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 ALUE to ADDR.. \n+000402e0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f 6477 ... ...write_dw\n+000402f0: 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 ord... - Write 3\n+00040300: 322d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 2-bit VALUE to A\n+00040310: 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 DDR.. ... ...w\n+00040320: 7269 7465 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 rite_word... - W\n+00040330: 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 rite 16-bit VALU\n+00040340: 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 E to ADDR.. ..\n+00040350: a220 e280 9878 656e 5f63 6174 e280 9920 . ...xen_cat... \n+00040360: 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 656e 2073 746f 7261 - List Xen stora\n+00040370: 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 ge.. ... ...xe\n+00040380: 6e5f 6c73 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 n_ls... - List X\n+00040390: 656e 2073 746f 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 en storage.. .\n+000403a0: 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6465 7670 726f .. ...xnu_devpro\n+000403b0: 705f 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 p_load... - Load\n+000403c0: 2027 6465 7669 6365 2d70 726f 7065 7274 'device-propert\n+000403d0: 6965 7327 2064 756d 702e 0a20 2020 e280 ies' dump.. ..\n+000403e0: a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 . ...xnu_uuid...\n+000403f0: 202d 2054 7261 6e73 666f 726d 2036 342d - Transform 64-\n+00040400: 6269 7420 5555 4944 2074 6f20 666f 726d bit UUID to form\n+00040410: 6174 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 at suitable for \n+00040420: 584e 552e 2049 660a 2020 2020 202d 6c20 XNU. If. -l \n+00040430: 6973 2067 6976 656e 206b 6565 7020 6974 is given keep it\n+00040440: 206c 6f77 6572 6361 7365 2061 7320 646f lowercase as do\n+00040450: 6e65 2062 7920 626c 6b69 642e 0a20 2020 ne by blkid.. \n+00040460: e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 2d62 6f6f 7466 ... ...zfs-bootf\n+00040470: 73e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 205a 4653 s... - Print ZFS\n+00040480: 2d42 4f4f 5446 534f 424a 206f 7220 7374 -BOOTFSOBJ or st\n+00040490: 6f72 6520 6974 2069 6e74 6f20 5641 5249 ore it into VARI\n+000404a0: 4142 4c45 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a ABLE. ... ...z\n+000404b0: 6673 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e fsinfo... - Prin\n+000404c0: 7420 5a46 5320 696e 666f 2061 626f 7574 t ZFS info about\n+000404d0: 2044 4556 4943 452e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 DEVICE.. ... \n+000404e0: e280 987a 6673 6b65 79e2 8099 202d 2049 ...zfskey... - I\n+000404f0: 6d70 6f72 7420 5a46 5320 7772 6170 7069 mport ZFS wrappi\n+00040500: 6e67 206b 6579 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e ng key stored in\n+00040510: 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 FILE.....File: \n+00040520: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00040530: 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 : Internationali\n+00040540: 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 sation, Next: S\n+00040550: 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ecurity, Prev: \n+00040560: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2054 Commands, Up: T\n+00040570: 6f70 0a0a 3138 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 op..18 Internati\n+00040580: 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a onalisation.****\n 00040590: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000405a0: 2a0a 0a31 382e 3120 4368 6172 7365 740a *..18.1 Charset.\n-000405b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n-000405c0: 5542 2075 7365 7320 5554 462d 3820 696e UB uses UTF-8 in\n-000405d0: 7465 726e 616c 6c79 206f 7468 6572 2074 ternally other t\n-000405e0: 6861 6e20 696e 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 han in rendering\n-000405f0: 2077 6865 7265 2073 6f6d 650a 4752 5542 where some.GRUB\n-00040600: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6170 7072 6f70 -specific approp\n-00040610: 7269 6174 6520 7265 7072 6573 656e 7461 riate representa\n-00040620: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2e20 2041 tion is used. A\n-00040630: 6c6c 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 730a 2869 ll text files.(i\n-00040640: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 6729 ncluding config)\n-00040650: 2061 7265 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 are assumed to \n-00040660: 6265 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 2069 6e20 5554 be encoded in UT\n-00040670: 462d 382e 0a0a 3138 2e32 2046 696c 6573 F-8...18.2 Files\n-00040680: 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ystems.=========\n-00040690: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4e 5446 532c 204a =======..NTFS, J\n-000406a0: 4653 2c20 5544 462c 2048 4653 2b2c 2065 FS, UDF, HFS+, e\n-000406b0: 7846 4154 2c20 6c6f 6e67 2066 696c 656e xFAT, long filen\n-000406c0: 616d 6573 2069 6e20 4641 542c 204a 6f6c ames in FAT, Jol\n-000406d0: 6965 7420 7061 7274 206f 660a 4953 4f39 iet part of.ISO9\n-000406e0: 3636 3020 6172 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 660 are treated \n-000406f0: 6173 2055 5446 2d31 3620 6173 2070 6572 as UTF-16 as per\n-00040700: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 specification. \n-00040710: 2041 4653 2061 6e64 2042 4653 2061 7265 AFS and BFS are\n-00040720: 0a72 6561 6420 6173 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 .read as UTF-8, \n-00040730: 6167 6169 6e20 6163 636f 7264 696e 6720 again according \n-00040740: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e to specification\n-00040750: 2e20 2042 7472 4653 2c20 6370 696f 2c20 . BtrFS, cpio, \n-00040760: 7461 722c 0a73 7175 6173 6834 2c20 6d69 tar,.squash4, mi\n-00040770: 6e69 782c 206d 696e 6978 322c 206d 696e nix, minix2, min\n-00040780: 6978 332c 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 5265 6973 ix3, ROMFS, Reis\n-00040790: 6572 4653 2c20 5846 532c 2065 7874 322c erFS, XFS, ext2,\n-000407a0: 2065 7874 332c 2065 7874 342c 0a46 4154 ext3, ext4,.FAT\n-000407b0: 2028 7368 6f72 7420 6e61 6d65 7329 2c20 (short names), \n-000407c0: 4632 4653 2c20 526f 636b 5269 6467 6520 F2FS, RockRidge \n-000407d0: 7061 7274 206f 6620 4953 4f39 3636 302c part of ISO9660,\n-000407e0: 206e 696c 6673 322c 2055 4653 312c 2055 nilfs2, UFS1, U\n-000407f0: 4653 320a 616e 6420 5a46 5320 6172 6520 FS2.and ZFS are \n-00040800: 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 5554 assumed to be UT\n-00040810: 462d 382e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6967 6874 F-8. This might\n-00040820: 2062 6520 6661 6c73 6520 6f6e 2073 7973 be false on sys\n-00040830: 7465 6d73 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 tems.configured \n-00040840: 7769 7468 206c 6567 6163 7920 6368 6172 with legacy char\n-00040850: 7365 7420 6275 7420 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 set but as long \n-00040860: 6173 2074 6865 2063 6861 7273 6574 2075 as the charset u\n-00040870: 7365 6420 6973 0a73 7570 6572 7365 7420 sed is.superset \n-00040880: 6f66 2041 5343 4949 2079 6f75 2073 686f of ASCII you sho\n-00040890: 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2061 uld be able to a\n-000408a0: 6363 6573 7320 4153 4349 492d 6e61 6d65 ccess ASCII-name\n-000408b0: 6420 6669 6c65 732e 2020 416e 640a 6974 d files. 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GRUB also d\n+00041650: 6f65 736e 2774 2068 616e 646c 650a 736f oesn't handle.so\n+00041660: 2063 616c 6c65 6420 2261 6e6e 6f74 6174 called \"annotat\n+00041670: 696f 6e20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2220 ion characters\" \n+00041680: 4966 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2063 6f6d 706c If you can compl\n+00041690: 6574 6520 6569 7468 6572 206f 6620 7477 ete either of tw\n+000416a0: 6f0a 6c69 7374 7320 6f72 2c20 6265 7474 o.lists or, bett\n+000416b0: 6572 2c20 7072 6f70 6f73 6520 6120 7061 er, propose a pa\n+000416c0: 7463 6820 746f 2069 6d70 726f 7665 2072 tch to improve r\n+000416d0: 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2c20 706c 6561 7365 endering, please\n+000416e0: 2063 6f6e 7461 6374 0a64 6576 656c 6f70 contact.develop\n+000416f0: 6572 2074 6561 6d2e 0a0a 3138 2e34 2049 er team...18.4 I\n+00041700: 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 3d3d nput terminal.==\n+00041710: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00041720: 3d0a 0a46 6972 6d77 6172 6520 636f 6e73 =..Firmware cons\n+00041730: 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2042 494f 532c 2049 4545 ole on BIOS, IEE\n+00041740: 4531 3237 3520 616e 6420 4152 4320 646f E1275 and ARC do\n+00041750: 6573 6e27 7420 616c 6c6f 7720 796f 7520 esn't allow you \n+00041760: 746f 2065 6e74 6572 0a6e 6f6e 2d41 5343 to enter.non-ASC\n+00041770: 4949 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 732e 2020 II characters. \n+00041780: 4546 4920 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f EFI specificatio\n+00041790: 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2066 6f72 2073 7563 n allows for suc\n+000417a0: 6820 6275 7420 6175 7468 6f72 2069 730a h but author is.\n+000417b0: 756e 6177 6172 6520 6f66 2061 6e79 2061 unaware of any a\n+000417c0: 6374 7561 6c20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 ctual implementa\n+000417d0: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 7269 616c 2069 tions. Serial i\n+000417e0: 6e70 7574 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c nput is currentl\n+000417f0: 790a 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 666f 7220 6c61 y.limited for la\n+00041800: 7469 6e31 2028 756e 6c69 6b65 6c79 2074 tin1 (unlikely t\n+00041810: 6f20 6368 616e 6765 292e 2020 4f77 6e20 o change). Own \n+00041820: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 keyboard impleme\n+00041830: 6e74 6174 696f 6e73 0a28 6174 5f6b 6579 ntations.(at_key\n+00041840: 626f 6172 6420 616e 6420 7573 625f 6b65 board and usb_ke\n+00041850: 7962 6f61 7264 2920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 yboard) supports\n+00041860: 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2062 7574 2077 6f72 any key but wor\n+00041870: 6b20 6f6e 0a6f 6e65 2d63 6861 722d 7065 k on.one-char-pe\n+00041880: 722d 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 652e 2020 536f r-keystroke. So\n+00041890: 206e 6f20 6465 6164 206b 6579 7320 6f72 no dead keys or\n+000418a0: 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 696e 7075 7420 advanced input \n+000418b0: 6d65 7468 6f64 2e20 2041 6c73 6f0a 7468 method. Also.th\n+000418c0: 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6b65 796d 6170 ere is no keymap\n+000418d0: 2063 6861 6e67 6520 686f 746b 6579 2e20 change hotkey. \n+000418e0: 2049 6e20 7072 6163 7469 6365 2069 7420 In practice it \n+000418f0: 6d61 6b65 7320 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 makes difficult \n+00041900: 746f 0a65 6e74 6572 2061 6e79 2074 6578 to.enter any tex\n+00041910: 7420 7573 696e 6720 6e6f 6e2d 4c61 7469 t using non-Lati\n+00041920: 6e20 616c 7068 6162 6574 2e20 204d 6f72 n alphabet. Mor\n+00041930: 656f 7665 7220 616c 6c20 6375 7272 656e eover all curren\n+00041940: 7420 696e 7075 740a 636f 6e73 756d 6572 t input.consumer\n+00041950: 7320 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f s are limited to\n+00041960: 2041 5343 4949 2e0a 0a31 382e 3520 4765 ASCII...18.5 Ge\n+00041970: 7474 6578 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ttext.==========\n+00041980: 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 ==..GRUB support\n+00041990: 7320 6265 696e 6720 7472 616e 736c 6174 s being translat\n+000419a0: 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6869 7320 796f ed. For this yo\n+000419b0: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6861 7665 206c u need to have l\n+000419c0: 616e 6775 6167 6520 2a2e 6d6f 0a66 696c anguage *.mo.fil\n+000419d0: 6573 2069 6e20 2470 7265 6669 782f 6c6f es in $prefix/lo\n+000419e0: 6361 6c65 2c20 6c6f 6164 2067 6574 7465 cale, load gette\n+000419f0: 7874 206d 6f64 756c 6520 616e 6420 7365 xt module and se\n+00041a00: 7420 226c 616e 6722 2076 6172 6961 626c t \"lang\" variabl\n+00041a10: 652e 0a0a 3138 2e36 2052 6567 6578 700a e...18.6 Regexp.\n+00041a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 6567 ===========..Reg\n+00041a30: 6578 7073 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2075 6e69 exps work on uni\n+00041a40: 636f 6465 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 732c code characters,\n+00041a50: 2068 6f77 6576 6572 206e 6f20 6174 7465 however no atte\n+00041a60: 6d70 7420 6174 2063 6865 636b 696e 670a mpt at checking.\n+00041a70: 6361 6e6e 6f6e 6963 616c 2065 7175 6976 cannonical equiv\n+00041a80: 616c 656e 6365 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 alence has been \n+00041a90: 6d61 6465 2e20 204d 6f72 656f 7665 7220 made. Moreover \n+00041aa0: 7468 6520 636c 6173 7365 7320 6c69 6b65 the classes like\n+00041ab0: 0a5b 3a61 6c70 6861 3a5d 206d 6174 6368 .[:alpha:] match\n+00041ac0: 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 4920 7375 6273 only ASCII subs\n+00041ad0: 6574 2e0a 0a31 382e 3720 4f74 6865 720a et...18.7 Other.\n+00041ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4375 7272 ==========..Curr\n+00041af0: 656e 746c 7920 4752 5542 2061 6c77 6179 ently GRUB alway\n+00041b00: 7320 7573 6573 2059 4541 522d 4d4f 4e54 s uses YEAR-MONT\n+00041b10: 482d 4441 5920 484f 5552 3a4d 494e 5554 H-DAY HOUR:MINUT\n+00041b20: 453a 5345 434f 4e44 205b 5745 454b 4441 E:SECOND [WEEKDA\n+00041b30: 595d 0a32 342d 686f 7572 2064 6174 6574 Y].24-hour datet\n+00041b40: 696d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2062 7574 2077 ime format but w\n+00041b50: 6565 6b64 6179 7320 6172 6520 7472 616e eekdays are tran\n+00041b60: 736c 6174 6564 2e20 2047 5255 4220 616c slated. GRUB al\n+00041b70: 7761 7973 2075 7365 730a 7468 6520 6465 ways uses.the de\n+00041b80: 6369 6d61 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 2066 6f72 cimal number for\n+00041b90: 6d61 7420 7769 7468 205b 302d 395d 2061 mat with [0-9] a\n+00041ba0: 7320 6469 6769 7473 2061 6e64 202e 2020 s digits and . \n+00041bb0: 6173 2064 6573 6369 6d61 6c0a 7365 7061 as descimal.sepa\n+00041bc0: 7261 746f 7220 616e 6420 6e6f 2067 726f rator and no gro\n+00041bd0: 7570 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2e20 2049 up separator. I\n+00041be0: 4545 4531 3237 3520 616c 6961 7365 7320 EEE1275 aliases \n+00041bf0: 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 640a 6361 7365 are matched.case\n+00041c00: 2d69 6e73 656e 7369 7469 7665 6c79 2065 -insensitively e\n+00041c10: 7863 6570 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 xcept non-ASCII \n+00041c20: 7768 6963 6820 6973 206d 6174 6368 6564 which is matched\n+00041c30: 2061 7320 6269 6e61 7279 2e20 2053 696d as binary. Sim\n+00041c40: 696c 6172 0a62 6568 6176 696f 7572 2069 ilar.behaviour i\n+00041c50: 7320 666f 7220 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 204f s for matching O\n+00041c60: 5342 756e 646c 6552 6571 7569 7265 642e SBundleRequired.\n+00041c70: 2020 5369 6e63 6520 4945 4545 3132 3735 Since IEEE1275\n+00041c80: 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2061 6e64 0a4f 5342 aliases and.OSB\n+00041c90: 756e 646c 6552 6571 7569 7265 6420 646f undleRequired do\n+00041ca0: 6e27 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616e 7920 n't contain any \n+00041cb0: 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 6974 2073 686f non-ASCII it sho\n+00041cc0: 756c 6420 6e65 7665 7220 6265 2061 0a70 uld never be a.p\n+00041cd0: 726f 626c 656d 2069 6e20 7072 6163 7469 roblem in practi\n+00041ce0: 6365 2e20 2043 6173 652d 7365 6e73 6974 ce. Case-sensit\n+00041cf0: 6976 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 ive identifiers \n+00041d00: 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 6420 6173 2072 are matched as r\n+00041d10: 6177 0a73 7472 696e 6773 2c20 6e6f 2063 aw.strings, no c\n+00041d20: 616e 6f6e 6963 616c 2065 7175 6976 616c anonical equival\n+00041d30: 656e 6365 2063 6865 636b 2069 7320 7065 ence check is pe\n+00041d40: 7266 6f72 6d65 642e 2020 4361 7365 2d69 rformed. Case-i\n+00041d50: 6e73 656e 7374 6976 650a 6964 656e 7469 nsenstive.identi\n+00041d60: 6669 6572 7320 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 fiers are matche\n+00041d70: 6420 6173 2052 4157 2062 7574 2061 6464 d as RAW but add\n+00041d80: 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 5b61 2d7a 5d20 itionally [a-z] \n+00041d90: 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f is equivalent to\n+00041da0: 0a5b 412d 5a5d 2e20 4752 5542 2d64 6566 .[A-Z]. GRUB-def\n+00041db0: 696e 6564 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 ined identifiers\n+00041dc0: 2075 7365 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 4920 use only ASCII \n+00041dd0: 616e 6420 736f 2073 686f 756c 640a 7573 and so should.us\n+00041de0: 6572 2d64 6566 696e 6564 206f 6e65 732e er-defined ones.\n+00041df0: 2020 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 636f Identifiers co\n+00041e00: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 ntaining non-ASC\n+00041e10: 4949 206d 6179 2077 6f72 6b20 6275 7420 II may work but \n+00041e20: 6172 656e 2774 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 aren't.supported\n+00041e30: 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 4153 4349 . Only the ASCI\n+00041e40: 4920 7370 6163 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 I space characte\n+00041e50: 7273 2028 7370 6163 6520 552b 3030 3230 rs (space U+0020\n+00041e60: 2c20 7461 6220 552b 3030 3062 2c0a 4352 , tab U+000b,.CR\n+00041e70: 2055 2b30 3030 6420 616e 6420 4c46 2055 U+000d and LF U\n+00041e80: 2b30 3030 6129 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 +000a) are recog\n+00041e90: 6e69 7365 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 756e nised. Other un\n+00041ea0: 6963 6f64 6520 7370 6163 6520 6368 6172 icode space char\n+00041eb0: 6163 7465 7273 0a61 7265 6e27 7420 6120 acters.aren't a \n+00041ec0: 7661 6c69 6420 6669 656c 6420 7365 7061 valid field sepa\n+00041ed0: 7261 746f 722e 2020 e280 9874 6573 74e2 rator. ...test.\n+00041ee0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 7374 3a3a .. (*note test::\n+00041ef0: 2920 7465 7374 7320 3c2c 203e 2c20 3c3d ) tests <, >, <=\n+00041f00: 2c0a 3e3d 2c20 2d70 6774 2061 6e64 202d ,.>=, -pgt and -\n+00041f10: 706c 7420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6520 plt compare the \n+00041f20: 7374 7269 6e67 7320 696e 2074 6865 206c strings in the l\n+00041f30: 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 206f exicographical o\n+00041f40: 7264 6572 206f 660a 756e 6963 6f64 6520 rder of.unicode \n+00041f50: 636f 6465 706f 696e 7473 2c20 7265 706c codepoints, repl\n+00041f60: 6963 6174 696e 6720 7468 6520 6265 6861 icating the beha\n+00041f70: 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6573 7420 6672 viour of test fr\n+00041f80: 6f6d 2063 6f72 6575 7469 6c73 2e0a 656e om coreutils..en\n+00041f90: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00041fa0: 6c65 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 les and commands\n+00041fb0: 2061 7265 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 2074 are listed in t\n+00041fc0: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6f72 6465 722e 0a0a he same order...\n+00041fd0: 1f0a 4669 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Boo\n+000420c0: 7469 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 ting digitally s\n+000420d0: 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 0a2a 2055 4546 igned code.* UEF\n+000420e0: 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e I secure boot an\n+000420f0: 6420 7368 696d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d shim:: \n+00042100: 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c6c Booting digitall\n+00042110: 7920 7369 676e 6564 2050 4520 6669 6c65 y signed PE file\n+00042120: 730a 2a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 s.* Secure Boot \n+00042130: 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 Advanced Targeti\n+00042140: 6e67 3a3a 2020 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 ng:: Embedded \n+00042150: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 information for \n+00042160: 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 generation numbe\n+00042170: 7220 6261 7365 6420 7265 766f 6361 7469 r based revocati\n+00042180: 6f6e 0a2a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f on.* Measured Bo\n+00042190: 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot:: \n+000421a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d65 6173 7572 696e Measurin\n+000421b0: 6720 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 g boot component\n+000421c0: 730a 2a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 2020 s.* Lockdown:: \n 000421d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000421e0: 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 7768 Lockdown wh\n-000421f0: 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 206f 6e20 6120 en booting on a \n-00042200: 7365 6375 7265 2073 6574 7570 0a0a 1f0a secure setup....\n-00042210: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00042220: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 Node: Authenti\n-00042230: 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f cation and autho\n-00042240: 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a risation, Next:\n-00042250: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n-00042260: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 ignatures, Up: \n-00042270: 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e31 2041 Security..19.1 A\n-00042280: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e uthentication an\n-00042290: 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e20 d authorisation \n-000422a0: 696e 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d in GRUB.========\n+000421e0: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 Lockdown \n+000421f0: 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 206f 6e20 when booting on \n+00042200: 6120 7365 6375 7265 2073 6574 7570 0a0a a secure setup..\n+00042210: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00042220: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4175 7468 656e o, Node: Authen\n+00042230: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 tication and aut\n+00042240: 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 horisation, Nex\n+00042250: 743a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c t: Using digital\n+00042260: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 signatures, Up\n+00042270: 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e31 : Security..19.1\n+00042280: 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 Authentication \n+00042290: 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f and authorisatio\n+000422a0: 6e20 696e 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d n in GRUB.======\n 000422b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000422c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000422d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 7920 6465 6661 756c =====..By defaul\n-000422e0: 742c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 t, the boot load\n-000422f0: 6572 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 7320 er interface is \n-00042300: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 616e accessible to an\n-00042310: 796f 6e65 2077 6974 680a 7068 7973 6963 yone with.physic\n-00042320: 616c 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2074 6865 al access to the\n-00042330: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 3a20 616e 796f 6e65 console: anyone\n-00042340: 2063 616e 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 6420 can select and \n-00042350: 6564 6974 2061 6e79 206d 656e 750a 656e edit any menu.en\n-00042360: 7472 792c 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 try, and anyone \n-00042370: 6361 6e20 6765 7420 6469 7265 6374 2061 can get direct a\n-00042380: 6363 6573 7320 746f 2061 2047 5255 4220 ccess to a GRUB \n-00042390: 7368 656c 6c20 7072 6f6d 7074 2e20 2046 shell prompt. F\n-000423a0: 6f72 0a6d 6f73 7420 7379 7374 656d 732c or.most systems,\n-000423b0: 2074 6869 7320 6973 2072 6561 736f 6e61 this is reasona\n-000423c0: 626c 6520 7369 6e63 6520 616e 796f 6e65 ble since anyone\n-000423d0: 2077 6974 6820 6469 7265 6374 2070 6879 with direct phy\n-000423e0: 7369 6361 6c0a 6163 6365 7373 2068 6173 sical.access has\n-000423f0: 2061 2076 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 6f74 a variety of ot\n-00042400: 6865 7220 7761 7973 2074 6f20 6761 696e her ways to gain\n-00042410: 2066 756c 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2c20 616e full access, an\n-00042420: 6420 7265 7175 6972 696e 670a 6175 7468 d requiring.auth\n-00042430: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 7420 7468 entication at th\n-00042440: 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6c65 e boot loader le\n-00042450: 7665 6c20 776f 756c 6420 6f6e 6c79 2073 vel would only s\n-00042460: 6572 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 740a erve to make it.\n-00042470: 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 746f 2072 6563 difficult to rec\n-00042480: 6f76 6572 2062 726f 6b65 6e20 7379 7374 over broken syst\n-00042490: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 ems... However\n-000424a0: 2c20 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 656e 7669 726f , in some enviro\n-000424b0: 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 nments, such as \n-000424c0: 6b69 6f73 6b73 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2062 kiosks, it may b\n-000424d0: 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 650a 746f e appropriate.to\n-000424e0: 206c 6f63 6b20 646f 776e 2074 6865 2062 lock down the b\n-000424f0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6f20 7265 oot loader to re\n-00042500: 7175 6972 6520 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 quire authentica\n-00042510: 7469 6f6e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7065 7266 tion before perf\n-00042520: 6f72 6d69 6e67 0a63 6572 7461 696e 206f orming.certain o\n-00042530: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 perations... T\n-00042540: 6865 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 he ...password..\n-00042550: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 . (*note passwor\n-00042560: 643a 3a29 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7061 7373 d::) and ...pass\n-00042570: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2028 word_pbkdf2... (\n-00042580: 2a6e 6f74 650a 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 *note.password_p\n-00042590: 626b 6466 323a 3a29 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 bkdf2::) command\n-000425a0: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f s can be used to\n-000425b0: 2064 6566 696e 6520 7573 6572 732c 2065 define users, e\n-000425c0: 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 6368 0a68 6173 ach of which.has\n-000425d0: 2061 6e20 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 2070 an associated p\n-000425e0: 6173 7377 6f72 642e 2020 e280 9870 6173 assword. ...pas\n-000425f0: 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 2073 6574 7320 7468 sword... sets th\n-00042600: 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 6e20 706c e password in pl\n-00042610: 6169 6e20 7465 7874 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 ain text,.requir\n-00042620: 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 ing ...grub.cfg.\n-00042630: 8099 2074 6f20 6265 2073 6563 7572 653b .. to be secure;\n-00042640: 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b ...password_pbk\n-00042650: 6466 32e2 8099 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 df2... sets the \n-00042660: 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a68 6173 6865 6420 password.hashed \n-00042670: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 5061 7373 776f using the Passwo\n-00042680: 7264 2d42 6173 6564 204b 6579 2044 6572 rd-Based Key Der\n-00042690: 6976 6174 696f 6e20 4675 6e63 7469 6f6e ivation Function\n-000426a0: 2028 5246 4320 3238 3938 292c 0a72 6571 (RFC 2898),.req\n-000426b0: 7569 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7365 206f uiring the use o\n-000426c0: 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 f ...grub-mkpass\n-000426d0: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e wd-pbkdf2... (*n\n-000426e0: 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 ote Invoking.gru\n-000426f0: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n-00042700: 323a 3a29 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2::) to generate\n-00042710: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 password hashes\n-00042720: 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 ... In order t\n-00042730: 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2061 7574 6865 6e74 o enable authent\n-00042740: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 742c ication support,\n-00042750: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 the ...superuse\n-00042760: 7273 e280 990a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e rs....environmen\n-00042770: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 7573 7420 t variable must \n-00042780: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 be set to a list\n-00042790: 206f 6620 7573 6572 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 of usernames, s\n-000427a0: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 790a 616e 7920 eparated by.any \n-000427b0: 6f66 2073 7061 6365 732c 2063 6f6d 6d61 of spaces, comma\n-000427c0: 732c 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 732c 2070 s, semicolons, p\n-000427d0: 6970 6573 2c20 6f72 2061 6d70 6572 7361 ipes, or ampersa\n-000427e0: 6e64 732e 2020 5375 7065 7275 7365 7273 nds. Superusers\n-000427f0: 2061 7265 0a70 6572 6d69 7474 6564 2074 are.permitted t\n-00042800: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 4752 5542 2063 o use the GRUB c\n-00042810: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652c 2065 6469 ommand line, edi\n-00042820: 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 t menu entries, \n-00042830: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 650a 616e 7920 and execute.any \n-00042840: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 6620 menu entry. If \n-00042850: e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 ...superusers...\n-00042860: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 7573 is set, then us\n-00042870: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e of the command\n-00042880: 206c 696e 650a 616e 6420 6564 6974 696e line.and editin\n-00042890: 6720 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 g of menu entrie\n-000428a0: 7320 6172 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 s are automatica\n-000428b0: 6c6c 7920 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 2074 lly restricted t\n-000428c0: 6f20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2e0a 5365 o superusers..Se\n-000428d0: 7474 696e 6720 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 tting ...superus\n-000428e0: 6572 73e2 8099 2074 6f20 656d 7074 7920 ers... to empty \n-000428f0: 7374 7269 6e67 2065 6666 6563 7469 7665 string effective\n-00042900: 6c79 2064 6973 6162 6c65 7320 626f 7468 ly disables both\n-00042910: 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 0a43 4c49 2061 access to.CLI a\n-00042920: 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 6d65 nd editing of me\n-00042930: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 204e 6f74 nu entries. Not\n-00042940: 653a 2054 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 e: The environme\n-00042950: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e65 6564 nt variable need\n-00042960: 730a 746f 2062 6520 6578 706f 7274 6564 s.to be exported\n-00042970: 2074 6f20 616c 736f 2061 6666 6563 7420 to also affect \n-00042980: 7468 6520 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 the section defi\n-00042990: 6e65 6420 6279 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7375 ned by the ...su\n-000429a0: 626d 656e 75e2 8099 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 bmenu....command\n-000429b0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 626d 656e 753a (*note submenu:\n-000429c0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f74 6865 7220 7573 :)... Other us\n-000429d0: 6572 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 6c6c 6f77 ers may be allow\n-000429e0: 6564 2074 6f20 6578 6563 7574 6520 7370 ed to execute sp\n-000429f0: 6563 6966 6963 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ecific menu entr\n-00042a00: 6965 7320 6279 2067 6976 696e 670a 6120 ies by giving.a \n-00042a10: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7573 6572 6e61 6d65 list of username\n-00042a20: 7320 2861 7320 6162 6f76 6529 2075 7369 s (as above) usi\n-00042a30: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 ng the ...--user\n-00042a40: 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 2074 s... option to t\n-00042a50: 6865 0ae2 8098 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 79e2 he....menuentry.\n-00042a60: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 .. command (*not\n-00042a70: 6520 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a 3a29 2e20 e menuentry::). \n-00042a80: 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d75 6e72 If the ...--unr\n-00042a90: 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 206f 7074 estricted... opt\n-00042aa0: 696f 6e0a 6973 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 ion.is used for \n-00042ab0: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7468 a menu entry, th\n-00042ac0: 656e 2074 6861 7420 656e 7472 7920 6973 en that entry is\n-00042ad0: 2075 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 642e 2020 unrestricted. \n-00042ae0: 4966 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 If the....--user\n-00042af0: 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206e s... option is n\n-00042b00: 6f74 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 6d65 ot used for a me\n-00042b10: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7468 656e 2074 nu entry, then t\n-00042b20: 6861 7420 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 6572 7573 hat only superus\n-00042b30: 6572 730a 6172 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 ers.are able to \n-00042b40: 7573 6520 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 5075 7474 use it... Putt\n-00042b50: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 6865 ing this togethe\n-00042b60: 722c 2061 2074 7970 6963 616c 20e2 8098 r, a typical ...\n-00042b70: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6672 6167 grub.cfg... frag\n-00042b80: 6d65 6e74 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 ment might look \n-00042b90: 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like.this:.. \n-00042ba0: 2073 6574 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 733d set superusers=\n-00042bb0: 2272 6f6f 7422 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 \"root\". pass\n-00042bc0: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 3220 726f 6f74 word_pbkdf2 root\n-00042bd0: 2067 7275 622e 7062 6b64 6632 2e73 6861 grub.pbkdf2.sha\n-00042be0: 3531 322e 3130 3030 302e 6269 676c 6f6e 512.10000.biglon\n-00042bf0: 6773 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2070 6173 gstring. pas\n-00042c00: 7377 6f72 6420 7573 6572 3120 696e 7365 sword user1 inse\n-00042c10: 6375 7265 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 cure.. menue\n-00042c20: 6e74 7279 2022 4d61 7920 6265 2072 756e ntry \"May be run\n-00042c30: 2062 7920 616e 7920 7573 6572 2220 2d2d by any user\" --\n-00042c40: 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 207b 0a20 unrestricted {. \n-00042c50: 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 .set root=(h\n-00042c60: 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2009 6c69 6e75 d0,1). .linu\n-00042c70: 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a20 2020 2020 x /vmlinuz. \n-00042c80: 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 }.. menuentr\n-00042c90: 7920 2253 7570 6572 7573 6572 7320 6f6e y \"Superusers on\n-00042ca0: 6c79 2220 2d2d 7573 6572 7320 2222 207b ly\" --users \"\" {\n-00042cb0: 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d . .set root=\n-00042cc0: 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2009 6c69 (hd0,1). .li\n-00042cd0: 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2073 696e nux /vmlinuz sin\n-00042ce0: 676c 650a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 gle. }.. \n-00042cf0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4d61 7920 menuentry \"May \n-00042d00: 6265 2072 756e 2062 7920 7573 6572 3120 be run by user1 \n-00042d10: 6f72 2061 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 2220 or a superuser\" \n-00042d20: 2d2d 7573 6572 7320 7573 6572 3120 7b0a --users user1 {.\n-00042d30: 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 .set root=(\n-00042d40: 6864 302c 3229 0a20 2020 2020 0963 6861 hd0,2). .cha\n-00042d50: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 202b 310a 2020 2020 inloader +1. \n-00042d60: 207d 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6772 }.. The ...gr\n-00042d70: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2070 ub-mkconfig... p\n-00042d80: 726f 6772 616d 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 rogram does not \n-00042d90: 7965 7420 6861 7665 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 yet have built-i\n-00042da0: 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 720a 6765 n support for.ge\n-00042db0: 6e65 7261 7469 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 nerating configu\n-00042dc0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2077 6974 ration files wit\n-00042dd0: 6820 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e h authentication\n-00042de0: 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0ae2 . You can use..\n-00042df0: 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f 3430 ../etc/grub.d/40\n-00042e00: 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 8099 2074 6f20 6164 _custom... to ad\n-00042e10: 6420 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 7570 6572 7573 d simple superus\n-00042e20: 6572 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f er authenticatio\n-00042e30: 6e2c 2062 790a 6164 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 n, by.adding ...\n-00042e40: 7365 7420 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3de2 set superusers=.\n-00042e50: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f .. and ...passwo\n-00042e60: 7264 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 7373 rd... or ...pass\n-00042e70: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2063 word_pbkdf2... c\n-00042e80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ommands.....File\n-00042e90: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00042ea0: 6465 3a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 de: Using digita\n-00042eb0: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e l signatures, N\n-00042ec0: 6578 743a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 ext: UEFI secure\n-00042ed0: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 boot and shim, \n-00042ee0: 2050 7265 763a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 Prev: Authentic\n-00042ef0: 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 ation and author\n-00042f00: 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 isation, Up: Se\n-00042f10: 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e32 2055 7369 curity..19.2 Usi\n-00042f20: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ng digital signa\n-00042f30: 7475 7265 7320 696e 2047 5255 420a 3d3d tures in GRUB.==\n+000422d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 7920 6465 6661 =======..By defa\n+000422e0: 756c 742c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ult, the boot lo\n+000422f0: 6164 6572 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 ader interface i\n+00042300: 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 s accessible to \n+00042310: 616e 796f 6e65 2077 6974 680a 7068 7973 anyone with.phys\n+00042320: 6963 616c 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2074 ical access to t\n+00042330: 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 3a20 616e 796f he console: anyo\n+00042340: 6e65 2063 616e 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e ne can select an\n+00042350: 6420 6564 6974 2061 6e79 206d 656e 750a d edit any menu.\n+00042360: 656e 7472 792c 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 6f6e entry, and anyon\n+00042370: 6520 6361 6e20 6765 7420 6469 7265 6374 e can get direct\n+00042380: 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2061 2047 5255 access to a GRU\n+00042390: 4220 7368 656c 6c20 7072 6f6d 7074 2e20 B shell prompt. \n+000423a0: 2046 6f72 0a6d 6f73 7420 7379 7374 656d For.most system\n+000423b0: 732c 2074 6869 7320 6973 2072 6561 736f s, this is reaso\n+000423c0: 6e61 626c 6520 7369 6e63 6520 616e 796f nable since anyo\n+000423d0: 6e65 2077 6974 6820 6469 7265 6374 2070 ne with direct p\n+000423e0: 6879 7369 6361 6c0a 6163 6365 7373 2068 hysical.access h\n+000423f0: 6173 2061 2076 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 as a variety of \n+00042400: 6f74 6865 7220 7761 7973 2074 6f20 6761 other ways to ga\n+00042410: 696e 2066 756c 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2c20 in full access, \n+00042420: 616e 6420 7265 7175 6972 696e 670a 6175 and requiring.au\n+00042430: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 7420 thentication at \n+00042440: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 the boot loader \n+00042450: 6c65 7665 6c20 776f 756c 6420 6f6e 6c79 level would only\n+00042460: 2073 6572 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 serve to make i\n+00042470: 740a 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 746f 2072 t.difficult to r\n+00042480: 6563 6f76 6572 2062 726f 6b65 6e20 7379 ecover broken sy\n+00042490: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 stems... Howev\n+000424a0: 6572 2c20 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 656e 7669 er, in some envi\n+000424b0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 7375 6368 2061 ronments, such a\n+000424c0: 7320 6b69 6f73 6b73 2c20 6974 206d 6179 s kiosks, it may\n+000424d0: 2062 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 650a be appropriate.\n+000424e0: 746f 206c 6f63 6b20 646f 776e 2074 6865 to lock down the\n+000424f0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6f20 boot loader to \n+00042500: 7265 7175 6972 6520 6175 7468 656e 7469 require authenti\n+00042510: 6361 7469 6f6e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7065 cation before pe\n+00042520: 7266 6f72 6d69 6e67 0a63 6572 7461 696e rforming.certain\n+00042530: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 operations... \n+00042540: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 The ...password\n+00042550: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 6173 7377 ... 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(\n+000426e0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 *note Invoking.g\n+000426f0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n+00042700: 6466 323a 3a29 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 df2::) to genera\n+00042710: 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 te password hash\n+00042720: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 206f 7264 6572 es... 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I\n+00042850: 6620 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 f ...superusers.\n+00042860: 8099 2069 7320 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 .. is set, then \n+00042870: 7573 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 use of the comma\n+00042880: 6e64 206c 696e 650a 616e 6420 6564 6974 nd line.and edit\n+00042890: 696e 6720 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ing of menu entr\n+000428a0: 6965 7320 6172 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 ies are automati\n+000428b0: 6361 6c6c 7920 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 cally restricted\n+000428c0: 2074 6f20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2e0a to superusers..\n+000428d0: 5365 7474 696e 6720 e280 9873 7570 6572 Setting ...super\n+000428e0: 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2074 6f20 656d 7074 users... to empt\n+000428f0: 7920 7374 7269 6e67 2065 6666 6563 7469 y string effecti\n+00042900: 7665 6c79 2064 6973 6162 6c65 7320 626f vely disables bo\n+00042910: 7468 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 0a43 4c49 th access to.CLI\n+00042920: 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 and editing of \n+00042930: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 204e menu entries. N\n+00042940: 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e ote: The environ\n+00042950: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e65 ment variable ne\n+00042960: 6564 730a 746f 2062 6520 6578 706f 7274 eds.to be export\n+00042970: 6564 2074 6f20 616c 736f 2061 6666 6563 ed to also affec\n+00042980: 7420 7468 6520 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6465 t the section de\n+00042990: 6669 6e65 6420 6279 2074 6865 20e2 8098 fined by the ...\n+000429a0: 7375 626d 656e 75e2 8099 0a63 6f6d 6d61 submenu....comma\n+000429b0: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 626d 656e nd (*note submen\n+000429c0: 753a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f74 6865 7220 u::)... Other \n+000429d0: 7573 6572 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 6c6c users may be all\n+000429e0: 6f77 6564 2074 6f20 6578 6563 7574 6520 owed to execute \n+000429f0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206d 656e 7520 656e specific menu en\n+00042a00: 7472 6965 7320 6279 2067 6976 696e 670a tries by giving.\n+00042a10: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7573 6572 6e61 a list of userna\n+00042a20: 6d65 7320 2861 7320 6162 6f76 6529 2075 mes (as above) u\n+00042a30: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7573 sing the ...--us\n+00042a40: 6572 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f ers... option to\n+00042a50: 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 the....menuentr\n+00042a60: 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e y... command (*n\n+00042a70: 6f74 6520 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a 3a29 ote menuentry::)\n+00042a80: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d75 . If the ...--u\n+00042a90: 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 206f nrestricted... o\n+00042aa0: 7074 696f 6e0a 6973 2075 7365 6420 666f ption.is used fo\n+00042ab0: 7220 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 r a menu entry, \n+00042ac0: 7468 656e 2074 6861 7420 656e 7472 7920 then that entry \n+00042ad0: 6973 2075 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 642e is unrestricted.\n+00042ae0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7573 If the....--us\n+00042af0: 6572 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 ers... option is\n+00042b00: 206e 6f74 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 not used for a \n+00042b10: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7468 656e menu entry, then\n+00042b20: 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 6572 that only super\n+00042b30: 7573 6572 730a 6172 6520 6162 6c65 2074 users.are able t\n+00042b40: 6f20 7573 6520 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 5075 o use it... Pu\n+00042b50: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 tting this toget\n+00042b60: 6865 722c 2061 2074 7970 6963 616c 20e2 her, a typical .\n+00042b70: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6672 ..grub.cfg... fr\n+00042b80: 6167 6d65 6e74 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f agment might loo\n+00042b90: 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 k like.this:.. \n+00042ba0: 2020 2073 6574 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 set superuser\n+00042bb0: 733d 2272 6f6f 7422 0a20 2020 2020 7061 s=\"root\". pa\n+00042bc0: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 3220 726f ssword_pbkdf2 ro\n+00042bd0: 6f74 2067 7275 622e 7062 6b64 6632 2e73 ot grub.pbkdf2.s\n+00042be0: 6861 3531 322e 3130 3030 302e 6269 676c ha512.10000.bigl\n+00042bf0: 6f6e 6773 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2070 ongstring. p\n+00042c00: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 7573 6572 3120 696e assword user1 in\n+00042c10: 7365 6375 7265 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e secure.. men\n+00042c20: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4d61 7920 6265 2072 uentry \"May be r\n+00042c30: 756e 2062 7920 616e 7920 7573 6572 2220 un by any user\" \n+00042c40: 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 207b --unrestricted {\n+00042c50: 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d . .set root=\n+00042c60: 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2009 6c69 (hd0,1). .li\n+00042c70: 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a20 2020 nux /vmlinuz. \n+00042c80: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e }.. menuen\n+00042c90: 7472 7920 2253 7570 6572 7573 6572 7320 try \"Superusers \n+00042ca0: 6f6e 6c79 2220 2d2d 7573 6572 7320 2222 only\" --users \"\"\n+00042cb0: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f {. .set roo\n+00042cc0: 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2009 t=(hd0,1). .\n+00042cd0: 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2073 linux /vmlinuz s\n+00042ce0: 696e 676c 650a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 ingle. }.. \n+00042cf0: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4d61 menuentry \"Ma\n+00042d00: 7920 6265 2072 756e 2062 7920 7573 6572 y be run by user\n+00042d10: 3120 6f72 2061 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 1 or a superuser\n+00042d20: 2220 2d2d 7573 6572 7320 7573 6572 3120 \" --users user1 \n+00042d30: 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 {. .set root\n+00042d40: 3d28 6864 302c 3229 0a20 2020 2020 0963 =(hd0,2). .c\n+00042d50: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 202b 310a 2020 hainloader +1. \n+00042d60: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 }.. The ...\n+00042d70: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+00042d80: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f program does no\n+00042d90: 7420 7965 7420 6861 7665 2062 7569 6c74 t yet have built\n+00042da0: 2d69 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 720a -in support for.\n+00042db0: 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 generating confi\n+00042dc0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2077 guration files w\n+00042dd0: 6974 6820 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 ith authenticati\n+00042de0: 6f6e 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 on. You can use\n+00042df0: 0ae2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f ..../etc/grub.d/\n+00042e00: 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 8099 2074 6f20 40_custom... to \n+00042e10: 6164 6420 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 7570 6572 add simple super\n+00042e20: 7573 6572 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 user authenticat\n+00042e30: 696f 6e2c 2062 790a 6164 6469 6e67 20e2 ion, by.adding .\n+00042e40: 8098 7365 7420 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 ..set superusers\n+00042e50: 3de2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7061 7373 =... and ...pass\n+00042e60: 776f 7264 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 word... or ...pa\n+00042e70: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 ssword_pbkdf2...\n+00042e80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 commands.....Fi\n+00042e90: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00042ea0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 Node: Using digi\n+00042eb0: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 tal signatures, \n+00042ec0: 204e 6578 743a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 Next: UEFI secu\n+00042ed0: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d re boot and shim\n+00042ee0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 , Prev: Authent\n+00042ef0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 ication and auth\n+00042f00: 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 orisation, Up: \n+00042f10: 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e32 2055 Security..19.2 U\n+00042f20: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n+00042f30: 6e61 7475 7265 7320 696e 2047 5255 420a natures in GRUB.\n 00042f40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00042f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00042f60: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4227 7320 e280 9863 ===..GRUB's ...c\n-00042f70: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2063 616e 206f ore.img... can o\n-00042f80: 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7072 6f76 6964 ptionally provid\n-00042f90: 6520 656e 666f 7263 656d 656e 7420 7468 e enforcement th\n-00042fa0: 6174 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 0a73 7562 at all files.sub\n-00042fb0: 7365 7175 656e 746c 7920 7265 6164 2066 sequently read f\n-00042fc0: 726f 6d20 6469 736b 2061 7265 2063 6f76 rom disk are cov\n-00042fd0: 6572 6564 2062 7920 6120 7661 6c69 6420 ered by a valid \n-00042fe0: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n-00042ff0: 652e 0a54 6869 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 e..This document\n-00043000: 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e 6f74 2a20 636f 7665 does *not* cove\n-00043010: 7220 686f 7720 746f 2065 6e73 7572 6520 r how to ensure \n-00043020: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 706c 6174 666f that your platfo\n-00043030: 726d 2773 0a66 6972 6d77 6172 6520 2865 rm's.firmware (e\n-00043040: 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7429 2076 .g., Coreboot) v\n-00043050: 616c 6964 6174 6573 20e2 8098 636f 7265 alidates ...core\n-00043060: 2e69 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 .img...... If \n-00043070: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00043080: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 able ...check_si\n-00043090: 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 282a 6e6f gnatures... (*no\n-000430a0: 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 te check_signatu\n-000430b0: 7265 733a 3a29 0a69 7320 7365 7420 746f res::).is set to\n-000430c0: 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 ...enforce..., \n-000430d0: 7468 656e 2065 7665 7279 2061 7474 656d then every attem\n-000430e0: 7074 2062 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 20e2 pt by the GRUB .\n-000430f0: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 746f ..core.img... to\n-00043100: 206c 6f61 640a 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6669 load.another fi\n-00043110: 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2069 6d70 le ...foo... imp\n-00043120: 6c69 6369 746c 7920 696e 766f 6b65 7320 licitly invokes \n-00043130: e280 9876 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 ...verify_detach\n-00043140: 6564 2066 6f6f 2066 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 ed foo foo.sig..\n-00043150: 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f ..(*note verify_\n-00043160: 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 e280 detached::). ..\n-00043170: 9866 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 9920 6d75 7374 .foo.sig... must\n-00043180: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 2076 616c 6964 contain a valid\n-00043190: 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a73 6967 6e61 7475 digital.signatu\n-000431a0: 7265 206f 7665 7220 7468 6520 636f 6e74 re over the cont\n-000431b0: 656e 7473 206f 6620 e280 9866 6f6f e280 ents of ...foo..\n-000431c0: 992c 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 ., which can be \n-000431d0: 7665 7269 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 610a verified with a.\n-000431e0: 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2063 7572 7265 public key curre\n-000431f0: 6e74 6c79 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 7920 ntly trusted by \n-00043200: 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 GRUB (*note list\n-00043210: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 _trusted::, *not\n-00043220: 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 2061 6e64 202a e.trust::, and *\n-00043230: 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 note distrust::)\n-00043240: 2e20 2049 6620 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e . If validation\n-00043250: 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 7468 656e 2066 696c fails, then fil\n-00043260: 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 990a 6361 6e6e e ...foo....cann\n-00043270: 6f74 2062 6520 6f70 656e 6564 2e20 2054 ot be opened. T\n-00043280: 6869 7320 6661 696c 7572 6520 6d61 7920 his failure may \n-00043290: 6861 6c74 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7277 6973 halt or otherwis\n-000432a0: 6520 696d 7061 6374 2074 6865 2062 6f6f e impact the boo\n-000432b0: 740a 7072 6f63 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 t.process... A\n-000432c0: 6e20 696e 6974 6961 6c20 7472 7573 7465 n initial truste\n-000432d0: 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2063 616e d public key can\n-000432e0: 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2077 6974 be embedded wit\n-000432f0: 6869 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 0ae2 8098 hin the GRUB....\n-00043300: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7573 696e core.img... usin\n-00043310: 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d70 7562 6b65 g the ...--pubke\n-00043320: 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 y... option to .\n-00043330: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n-00043340: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note Invokin\n-00043350: 670a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a g.grub-install::\n-00043360: 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 )... GRUB uses\n-00043370: 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 6574 6163 GPG-style detac\n-00043380: 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2028 hed signatures (\n-00043390: 6d65 616e 696e 6720 7468 6174 2061 2066 meaning that a f\n-000433a0: 696c 650a e280 9866 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 ile....foo.sig..\n-000433b0: 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7072 6f64 7563 . will be produc\n-000433c0: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 ed when file ...\n-000433d0: 666f 6fe2 8099 2069 7320 7369 676e 6564 foo... is signed\n-000433e0: 292c 2061 6e64 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 ), and currently\n-000433f0: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 4453 .supports the DS\n-00043400: 4120 616e 6420 5253 4120 7369 676e 696e A and RSA signin\n-00043410: 6720 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d73 2e20 2041 g algorithms. A\n-00043420: 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 206b 6579 2063 616e signing key can\n-00043430: 2062 650a 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6173 be.generated as\n-00043440: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 follows:.. \n-00043450: 6770 6720 2d2d 6765 6e2d 6b65 790a 0a20 gpg --gen-key.. \n-00043460: 2020 416e 2069 6e64 6976 6964 7561 6c20 An individual \n-00043470: 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 7369 676e file can be sign\n-00043480: 6564 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a ed as follows:..\n-00043490: 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d64 6574 6163 gpg --detac\n-000434a0: 682d 7369 676e 202f 7061 7468 2f74 6f2f h-sign /path/to/\n-000434b0: 6669 6c65 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2073 7563 file.. For suc\n-000434c0: 6365 7373 6675 6c20 7661 6c69 6461 7469 cessful validati\n-000434d0: 6f6e 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6f66 2047 5255 on of all of GRU\n-000434e0: 4227 7320 7375 6263 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 B's subcomponent\n-000434f0: 7320 616e 6420 7468 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 s and the.loaded\n-00043500: 204f 5320 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7468 6579 OS kernel, they\n-00043510: 206d 7573 7420 616c 6c20 6265 2073 6967 must all be sig\n-00043520: 6e65 642e 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 746f ned. One way to\n-00043530: 2061 6363 6f6d 706c 6973 6820 7468 6973 accomplish this\n-00043540: 0a69 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e .is the followin\n-00043550: 6720 2861 6674 6572 2068 6176 696e 6720 g (after having \n-00043560: 616c 7265 6164 7920 7072 6f64 7563 6564 already produced\n-00043570: 2074 6865 2064 6573 6972 6564 20e2 8098 the desired ...\n-00043580: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 990a 6669 6c65 grub.cfg....file\n-00043590: 2c20 652e 672e 2c20 6279 2072 756e 6e69 , e.g., by runni\n-000435a0: 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e ng ...grub-mkcon\n-000435b0: 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e fig... (*note In\n-000435c0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n-000435d0: 6e66 6967 3a3a 293a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 nfig::):.. #\n-000435e0: 2045 6469 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 Edit /dev/shm/p\n-000435f0: 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 7420 746f assphrase.txt to\n-00043600: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2079 6f75 7220 7369 contain your si\n-00043610: 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7927 7320 7061 7373 gning key's pass\n-00043620: 7068 7261 7365 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 phrase. for \n-00043630: 6920 696e 2060 6669 6e64 202f 626f 6f74 i in `find /boot\n-00043640: 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6366 6722 202d -name \"*.cfg\" -\n-00043650: 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6c73 7422 or -name \"*.lst\"\n-00043660: 202d 6f72 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2d6e -or \\. -n\n-00043670: 616d 6520 222a 2e6d 6f64 2220 2d6f 7220 ame \"*.mod\" -or \n-00043680: 2d6e 616d 6520 2276 6d6c 696e 757a 2a22 -name \"vmlinuz*\"\n-00043690: 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 696e 6974 -or -name \"init\n-000436a0: 7264 2a22 202d 6f72 205c 0a20 2020 2020 rd*\" -or \\. \n-000436b0: 2020 2d6e 616d 6520 2267 7275 6265 6e76 -name \"grubenv\n-000436c0: 2260 3b0a 2020 2020 2064 6f0a 2020 2020 \"`;. do. \n-000436d0: 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d62 6174 6368 202d gpg --batch -\n-000436e0: 2d64 6574 6163 682d 7369 676e 202d 2d70 -detach-sign --p\n-000436f0: 6173 7370 6872 6173 652d 6664 2030 2024 assphrase-fd 0 $\n-00043700: 6920 3c20 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f i < \\. /\n-00043710: 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 dev/shm/passphra\n-00043720: 7365 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6e65 se.txt. done\n-00043730: 0a20 2020 2020 7368 7265 6420 2f64 6576 . shred /dev\n-00043740: 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e /shm/passphrase.\n-00043750: 7478 740a 0a20 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f txt.. See also\n-00043760: 3a20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 : *note check_si\n-00043770: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 gnatures::, *not\n-00043780: 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 e verify_detache\n-00043790: 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 7374 d::, *note.trust\n-000437a0: 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 ::, *note list_t\n-000437b0: 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 rusted::, *note \n-000437c0: 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 distrust::, *not\n-000437d0: 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2c20 2a6e e load_env::, *n\n-000437e0: 6f74 650a 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2e0a ote.save_env::..\n-000437f0: 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 696e . Note that in\n-00043800: 7465 726e 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e61 7475 ternally signatu\n-00043810: 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6d65 6e74 2069 re enforcement i\n-00043820: 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 s controlled by \n-00043830: 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 656e 7669 setting.the envi\n-00043840: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00043850: 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ...check_signat\n-00043860: 7572 6573 e280 9920 6571 7561 6c20 746f ures... equal to\n-00043870: 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2e20 ...enforce.... \n-00043880: 2050 6173 7369 6e67 0a6f 6e65 206f 7220 Passing.one or \n-00043890: 6d6f 7265 20e2 8098 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 more ...--pubkey\n-000438a0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 20e2 ... options to .\n-000438b0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 ..grub-mkimage..\n-000438c0: 9920 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2064 6566 . implicitly def\n-000438d0: 696e 6573 0ae2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 ines....check_si\n-000438e0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6571 7561 gnatures... equa\n-000438f0: 6c20 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 l to ...enforce.\n-00043900: 8099 2069 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d .. in ...core.im\n-00043910: 67e2 8099 2070 7269 6f72 2074 6f20 7072 g... prior to pr\n-00043920: 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 0a61 6e79 2063 6f6e ocessing.any con\n-00043930: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 figuration files\n-00043940: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ... Note that \n-00043950: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6368 6563 6b69 signature checki\n-00043960: 6e67 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e 6f74 2a20 7072 ng does *not* pr\n-00043970: 6576 656e 7420 616e 2061 7474 6163 6b65 event an attacke\n-00043980: 7220 7769 7468 0a28 7365 7269 616c 2c20 r with.(serial, \n-00043990: 7068 7973 6963 616c 2c20 2e2e 2e29 2020 physical, ...) \n-000439a0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6163 6365 7373 2066 console access f\n-000439b0: 726f 6d20 6472 6f70 7069 6e67 206d 616e rom dropping man\n-000439c0: 7561 6c6c 7920 746f 2074 6865 0a47 5255 ually to the.GRU\n-000439d0: 4220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 616e 6420 6578 B console and ex\n-000439e0: 6563 7574 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 ecuting:.. s\n-000439f0: 6574 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 et check_signatu\n-00043a00: 7265 733d 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7072 res=no.. To pr\n-00043a10: 6576 656e 7420 7468 6973 2c20 7061 7373 event this, pass\n-00043a20: 776f 7264 2d70 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 word-protection \n-00043a30: 282a 6e6f 7465 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 (*note Authentic\n-00043a40: 6174 696f 6e20 616e 640a 6175 7468 6f72 ation and.author\n-00043a50: 6973 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2069 7320 6573 isation::) is es\n-00043a60: 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 sential. Note t\n-00043a70: 6861 7420 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 4752 hat even with GR\n-00043a80: 5542 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 7072 6f74 UB password.prot\n-00043a90: 6563 7469 6f6e 2c20 4752 5542 2069 7473 ection, GRUB its\n-00043aa0: 656c 6620 6361 6e6e 6f74 2070 7265 7665 elf cannot preve\n-00043ab0: 6e74 2073 6f6d 656f 6e65 2077 6974 6820 nt someone with \n-00043ac0: 7068 7973 6963 616c 2061 6363 6573 7320 physical access \n-00043ad0: 746f 0a74 6865 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2066 to.the machine f\n-00043ae0: 726f 6d20 616c 7465 7269 6e67 2074 6861 rom altering tha\n-00043af0: 7420 6d61 6368 696e 6527 7320 6669 726d t machine's firm\n-00043b00: 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e 2c20 436f 7265 ware (e.g., Core\n-00043b10: 626f 6f74 206f 720a 4249 4f53 2920 636f boot or.BIOS) co\n-00043b20: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2063 nfiguration to c\n-00043b30: 6175 7365 2074 6865 206d 6163 6869 6e65 ause the machine\n-00043b40: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 6120 to boot from a \n-00043b50: 6469 6666 6572 656e 740a 2861 7474 6163 different.(attac\n-00043b60: 6b65 722d 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2920 ker-controlled) \n-00043b70: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2047 5255 4220 6973 device. GRUB is\n-00043b80: 2061 7420 6265 7374 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e at best only on\n-00043b90: 6520 6c69 6e6b 2069 6e20 6120 7365 6375 e link in a secu\n-00043ba0: 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 6368 6169 6e2e 0a0a re.boot chain...\n-00043bb0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00043bc0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5545 4649 2073 o, Node: UEFI s\n-00043bd0: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 ecure boot and s\n-00043be0: 6869 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 6375 him, Next: Secu\n-00043bf0: 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 re Boot Advanced\n-00043c00: 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 Targeting, Pre\n-00043c10: 763a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c v: Using digital\n-00043c20: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 signatures, Up\n-00043c30: 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e33 : Security..19.3\n-00043c40: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI secure boo\n-00043c50: 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2073 7570 706f t and shim suppo\n-00043c60: 7274 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rt.=============\n+00042f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4227 7320 e280 =====..GRUB's ..\n+00042f70: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2063 616e .core.img... can\n+00042f80: 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7072 6f76 optionally prov\n+00042f90: 6964 6520 656e 666f 7263 656d 656e 7420 ide enforcement \n+00042fa0: 7468 6174 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 0a73 that all files.s\n+00042fb0: 7562 7365 7175 656e 746c 7920 7265 6164 ubsequently read\n+00042fc0: 2066 726f 6d20 6469 736b 2061 7265 2063 from disk are c\n+00042fd0: 6f76 6572 6564 2062 7920 6120 7661 6c69 overed by a vali\n+00042fe0: 6420 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 d digital signat\n+00042ff0: 7572 652e 0a54 6869 7320 646f 6375 6d65 ure..This docume\n+00043000: 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e 6f74 2a20 636f nt does *not* co\n+00043010: 7665 7220 686f 7720 746f 2065 6e73 7572 ver how to ensur\n+00043020: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 706c 6174 e that your plat\n+00043030: 666f 726d 2773 0a66 6972 6d77 6172 6520 form's.firmware \n+00043040: 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7429 (e.g., Coreboot)\n+00043050: 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 20e2 8098 636f validates ...co\n+00043060: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2049 re.img...... I\n+00043070: 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 f environment va\n+00043080: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f riable ...check_\n+00043090: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 282a signatures... (*\n+000430a0: 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 note check_signa\n+000430b0: 7475 7265 733a 3a29 0a69 7320 7365 7420 tures::).is set \n+000430c0: 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 to ...enforce...\n+000430d0: 2c20 7468 656e 2065 7665 7279 2061 7474 , then every att\n+000430e0: 656d 7074 2062 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 empt by the GRUB\n+000430f0: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...core.img... \n+00043100: 746f 206c 6f61 640a 616e 6f74 6865 7220 to load.another \n+00043110: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2069 file ...foo... i\n+00043120: 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 7920 696e 766f 6b65 mplicitly invoke\n+00043130: 7320 e280 9876 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 s ...verify_deta\n+00043140: 6368 6564 2066 6f6f 2066 6f6f 2e73 6967 ched foo foo.sig\n+00043150: e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 ....(*note verif\n+00043160: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 y_detached::). \n+00043170: e280 9866 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 9920 6d75 ...foo.sig... mu\n+00043180: 7374 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 2076 616c st contain a val\n+00043190: 6964 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a73 6967 6e61 id digital.signa\n+000431a0: 7475 7265 206f 7665 7220 7468 6520 636f ture over the co\n+000431b0: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 e280 9866 6f6f ntents of ...foo\n+000431c0: e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 ..., which can b\n+000431d0: 6520 7665 7269 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 e verified with \n+000431e0: 610a 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2063 7572 a.public key cur\n+000431f0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 rently trusted b\n+00043200: 7920 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 y GRUB (*note li\n+00043210: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e st_trusted::, *n\n+00043220: 6f74 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 2061 6e64 ote.trust::, and\n+00043230: 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a *note distrust:\n+00043240: 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7661 6c69 6461 7469 :). If validati\n+00043250: 6f6e 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 7468 656e 2066 on fails, then f\n+00043260: 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 990a 6361 ile ...foo....ca\n+00043270: 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6f70 656e 6564 2e20 nnot be opened. \n+00043280: 2054 6869 7320 6661 696c 7572 6520 6d61 This failure ma\n+00043290: 7920 6861 6c74 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7277 y halt or otherw\n+000432a0: 6973 6520 696d 7061 6374 2074 6865 2062 ise impact the b\n+000432b0: 6f6f 740a 7072 6f63 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 oot.process... \n+000432c0: 2041 6e20 696e 6974 6961 6c20 7472 7573 An initial trus\n+000432d0: 7465 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2063 ted public key c\n+000432e0: 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2077 an be embedded w\n+000432f0: 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 0ae2 ithin the GRUB..\n+00043300: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7573 ..core.img... us\n+00043310: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d70 7562 ing the ...--pub\n+00043320: 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f key... option to\n+00043330: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n+00043340: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n+00043350: 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing.grub-install\n+00043360: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7573 ::)... GRUB us\n+00043370: 6573 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 6574 es GPG-style det\n+00043380: 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 ached signatures\n+00043390: 2028 6d65 616e 696e 6720 7468 6174 2061 (meaning that a\n+000433a0: 2066 696c 650a e280 9866 6f6f 2e73 6967 file....foo.sig\n+000433b0: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7072 6f64 ... will be prod\n+000433c0: 7563 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 uced when file .\n+000433d0: 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2069 7320 7369 676e ..foo... is sign\n+000433e0: 6564 292c 2061 6e64 2063 7572 7265 6e74 ed), and current\n+000433f0: 6c79 0a73 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 ly.supports the \n+00043400: 4453 4120 616e 6420 5253 4120 7369 676e DSA and RSA sign\n+00043410: 696e 6720 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d73 2e20 ing algorithms. \n+00043420: 2041 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 206b 6579 2063 A signing key c\n+00043430: 616e 2062 650a 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 an be.generated \n+00043440: 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 as follows:.. \n+00043450: 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6765 6e2d 6b65 790a gpg --gen-key.\n+00043460: 0a20 2020 416e 2069 6e64 6976 6964 7561 . An individua\n+00043470: 6c20 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 7369 l file can be si\n+00043480: 676e 6564 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a gned as follows:\n+00043490: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d64 6574 .. gpg --det\n+000434a0: 6163 682d 7369 676e 202f 7061 7468 2f74 ach-sign /path/t\n+000434b0: 6f2f 6669 6c65 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2073 o/file.. For s\n+000434c0: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c20 7661 6c69 6461 uccessful valida\n+000434d0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6f66 2047 tion of all of G\n+000434e0: 5255 4227 7320 7375 6263 6f6d 706f 6e65 RUB's subcompone\n+000434f0: 6e74 7320 616e 6420 7468 650a 6c6f 6164 nts and the.load\n+00043500: 6564 204f 5320 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7468 ed OS kernel, th\n+00043510: 6579 206d 7573 7420 616c 6c20 6265 2073 ey must all be s\n+00043520: 6967 6e65 642e 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 igned. One way \n+00043530: 746f 2061 6363 6f6d 706c 6973 6820 7468 to accomplish th\n+00043540: 6973 0a69 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 is.is the follow\n+00043550: 696e 6720 2861 6674 6572 2068 6176 696e ing (after havin\n+00043560: 6720 616c 7265 6164 7920 7072 6f64 7563 g already produc\n+00043570: 6564 2074 6865 2064 6573 6972 6564 20e2 ed the desired .\n+00043580: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 990a 6669 ..grub.cfg....fi\n+00043590: 6c65 2c20 652e 672e 2c20 6279 2072 756e le, e.g., by run\n+000435a0: 6e69 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 ning ...grub-mkc\n+000435b0: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 onfig... (*note \n+000435c0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+000435d0: 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 293a 0a0a 2020 2020 config::):.. \n+000435e0: 2023 2045 6469 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 686d # Edit /dev/shm\n+000435f0: 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 7420 /passphrase.txt \n+00043600: 746f 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2079 6f75 7220 to contain your \n+00043610: 7369 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7927 7320 7061 signing key's pa\n+00043620: 7373 7068 7261 7365 0a20 2020 2020 666f ssphrase. fo\n+00043630: 7220 6920 696e 2060 6669 6e64 202f 626f r i in `find /bo\n+00043640: 6f74 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6366 6722 ot -name \"*.cfg\"\n+00043650: 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6c73 -or -name \"*.ls\n+00043660: 7422 202d 6f72 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t\" -or \\. \n+00043670: 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e6d 6f64 2220 2d6f -name \"*.mod\" -o\n+00043680: 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 2276 6d6c 696e 757a r -name \"vmlinuz\n+00043690: 2a22 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 696e *\" -or -name \"in\n+000436a0: 6974 7264 2a22 202d 6f72 205c 0a20 2020 itrd*\" -or \\. \n+000436b0: 2020 2020 2d6e 616d 6520 2267 7275 6265 -name \"grube\n+000436c0: 6e76 2260 3b0a 2020 2020 2064 6f0a 2020 nv\"`;. do. \n+000436d0: 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d62 6174 6368 gpg --batch\n+000436e0: 202d 2d64 6574 6163 682d 7369 676e 202d --detach-sign -\n+000436f0: 2d70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652d 6664 2030 -passphrase-fd 0\n+00043700: 2024 6920 3c20 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 $i < \\. \n+00043710: 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 /dev/shm/passph\n+00043720: 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 2020 646f rase.txt. do\n+00043730: 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7368 7265 6420 2f64 ne. shred /d\n+00043740: 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 ev/shm/passphras\n+00043750: 652e 7478 740a 0a20 2020 5365 6520 616c e.txt.. See al\n+00043760: 736f 3a20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f so: *note check_\n+00043770: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 2a6e signatures::, *n\n+00043780: 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 ote verify_detac\n+00043790: 6865 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 hed::, *note.tru\n+000437a0: 7374 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 st::, *note list\n+000437b0: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 _trusted::, *not\n+000437c0: 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 2a6e e distrust::, *n\n+000437d0: 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2c20 ote load_env::, \n+000437e0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a *note.save_env::\n+000437f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ... Note that \n+00043800: 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e61 internally signa\n+00043810: 7475 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6d65 6e74 ture enforcement\n+00043820: 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 is controlled b\n+00043830: 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 656e y setting.the en\n+00043840: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00043850: 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e le ...check_sign\n+00043860: 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6571 7561 6c20 atures... equal \n+00043870: 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 to ...enforce...\n+00043880: 2e20 2050 6173 7369 6e67 0a6f 6e65 206f . Passing.one o\n+00043890: 7220 6d6f 7265 20e2 8098 2d2d 7075 626b r more ...--pubk\n+000438a0: 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 746f ey... options to\n+000438b0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 ...grub-mkimage\n+000438c0: e280 9920 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2064 ... implicitly d\n+000438d0: 6566 696e 6573 0ae2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f efines....check_\n+000438e0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6571 signatures... eq\n+000438f0: 7561 6c20 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 ual to ...enforc\n+00043900: 65e2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 652e e... in ...core.\n+00043910: 696d 67e2 8099 2070 7269 6f72 2074 6f20 img... prior to \n+00043920: 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 0a61 6e79 2063 processing.any c\n+00043930: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00043940: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 es... Note tha\n+00043950: 7420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6368 6563 t signature chec\n+00043960: 6b69 6e67 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e 6f74 2a20 king does *not* \n+00043970: 7072 6576 656e 7420 616e 2061 7474 6163 prevent an attac\n+00043980: 6b65 7220 7769 7468 0a28 7365 7269 616c ker with.(serial\n+00043990: 2c20 7068 7973 6963 616c 2c20 2e2e 2e29 , physical, ...)\n+000439a0: 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6163 6365 7373 console access\n+000439b0: 2066 726f 6d20 6472 6f70 7069 6e67 206d from dropping m\n+000439c0: 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 746f 2074 6865 0a47 anually to the.G\n+000439d0: 5255 4220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 616e 6420 RUB console and \n+000439e0: 6578 6563 7574 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 executing:.. \n+000439f0: 2073 6574 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 set check_signa\n+00043a00: 7475 7265 733d 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 tures=no.. To \n+00043a10: 7072 6576 656e 7420 7468 6973 2c20 7061 prevent this, pa\n+00043a20: 7373 776f 7264 2d70 726f 7465 6374 696f ssword-protectio\n+00043a30: 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2041 7574 6865 6e74 n (*note Authent\n+00043a40: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 640a 6175 7468 ication and.auth\n+00043a50: 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2069 7320 orisation::) is \n+00043a60: 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 essential. Note\n+00043a70: 2074 6861 7420 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 that even with \n+00043a80: 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 7072 GRUB password.pr\n+00043a90: 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2c20 4752 5542 2069 otection, GRUB i\n+00043aa0: 7473 656c 6620 6361 6e6e 6f74 2070 7265 tself cannot pre\n+00043ab0: 7665 6e74 2073 6f6d 656f 6e65 2077 6974 vent someone wit\n+00043ac0: 6820 7068 7973 6963 616c 2061 6363 6573 h physical acces\n+00043ad0: 7320 746f 0a74 6865 206d 6163 6869 6e65 s to.the machine\n+00043ae0: 2066 726f 6d20 616c 7465 7269 6e67 2074 from altering t\n+00043af0: 6861 7420 6d61 6368 696e 6527 7320 6669 hat machine's fi\n+00043b00: 726d 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e 2c20 436f rmware (e.g., Co\n+00043b10: 7265 626f 6f74 206f 720a 4249 4f53 2920 reboot or.BIOS) \n+00043b20: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 746f configuration to\n+00043b30: 2063 6175 7365 2074 6865 206d 6163 6869 cause the machi\n+00043b40: 6e65 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 ne to boot from \n+00043b50: 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 740a 2861 7474 a different.(att\n+00043b60: 6163 6b65 722d 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 acker-controlled\n+00043b70: 2920 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2047 5255 4220 ) device. GRUB \n+00043b80: 6973 2061 7420 6265 7374 206f 6e6c 7920 is at best only \n+00043b90: 6f6e 6520 6c69 6e6b 2069 6e20 6120 7365 one link in a se\n+00043ba0: 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 6368 6169 6e2e cure.boot chain.\n+00043bb0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00043bc0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5545 4649 nfo, Node: UEFI\n+00043bd0: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 secure boot and\n+00043be0: 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 shim, Next: Se\n+00043bf0: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n+00043c00: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 ed Targeting, P\n+00043c10: 7265 763a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 rev: Using digit\n+00043c20: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 al signatures, \n+00043c30: 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 Up: Security..19\n+00043c40: 2e33 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 .3 UEFI secure b\n+00043c50: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2073 7570 oot and shim sup\n+00043c60: 706f 7274 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d port.===========\n 00043c70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00043c80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2047 =========..The G\n-00043c90: 5255 422c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6520 RUB, except the \n-00043ca0: e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 ...chainloader..\n-00043cb0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2077 6f72 6b73 . command, works\n-00043cc0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 with the UEFI s\n-00043cd0: 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2074 ecure.boot and t\n-00043ce0: 6865 2073 6869 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 2066 he shim. This f\n-00043cf0: 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 2069 7320 unctionality is \n-00043d00: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 provided by the \n-00043d10: 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b0a 7665 7269 6669 shim_lock.verifi\n-00043d20: 6572 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2062 7569 6c74 er. It is built\n-00043d30: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f72 into the ...cor\n-00043d40: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 7320 e.img... and is \n-00043d50: 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2069 6620 7468 registered if th\n-00043d60: 6520 5545 4649 0a73 6563 7572 6520 626f e UEFI.secure bo\n-00043d70: 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 ot is enabled. \n-00043d80: 5468 6520 e280 9873 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b The ...shim_lock\n-00043d90: e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 ... variable is \n-00043da0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2077 set to ...y... w\n-00043db0: 6865 6e0a 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 hen.shim_lock ve\n-00043dc0: 7269 6669 6572 2069 7320 7265 6769 7374 rifier is regist\n-00043dd0: 6572 6564 2e20 2049 6620 6974 2069 7320 ered. If it is \n-00043de0: 6465 7369 7265 6420 746f 2075 7365 2055 desired to use U\n-00043df0: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 EFI secure.boot \n-00043e00: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7368 696d 2c20 6f6e without shim, on\n-00043e10: 6520 6361 6e20 6469 7361 626c 6520 7368 e can disable sh\n-00043e20: 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 6279 2064 6973 6162 im_lock by disab\n-00043e30: 6c69 6e67 2073 6869 6d0a 7665 7269 6669 ling shim.verifi\n-00043e40: 6361 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 4d6f 6b53 cation with MokS\n-00043e50: 6253 7461 7465 2055 4546 4920 7661 7269 bState UEFI vari\n-00043e60: 6162 6c65 206f 7220 6279 2062 7569 6c64 able or by build\n-00043e70: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2069 6d61 6765 0a77 ing grub image.w\n-00043e80: 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d64 6973 6162 6c65 ith ...--disable\n-00043e90: 2d73 6869 6d2d 6c6f 636b e280 9920 6f70 -shim-lock... op\n-00043ea0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 416c 6c20 4752 tion... All GR\n-00043eb0: 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206e 6f74 2073 UB modules not s\n-00043ec0: 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 tored in the ...\n-00043ed0: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 204f 5320 core.img..., OS \n-00043ee0: 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2041 4350 490a 7461 kernels, ACPI.ta\n-00043ef0: 626c 6573 2c20 4465 7669 6365 2054 7265 bles, Device Tre\n-00043f00: 6573 2c20 6574 632e 2020 6861 7665 2074 es, etc. have t\n-00043f10: 6f20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 642c 2065 2e67 o be signed, e.g\n-00043f20: 2c20 7573 696e 6720 5047 502e 0a41 6464 , using PGP..Add\n-00043f30: 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 2063 itionally, the c\n-00043f40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e ommands that can\n-00043f50: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 6276 be used to subv\n-00043f60: 6572 7420 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 ert the UEFI sec\n-00043f70: 7572 650a 626f 6f74 206d 6563 6861 6e69 ure.boot mechani\n-00043f80: 736d 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9869 sm, such as ...i\n-00043f90: 6f72 77e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6d65 orw... and ...me\n-00043fa0: 6d72 77e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 mrw... will not \n-00043fb0: 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2077 6865 be available whe\n-00043fc0: 6e0a 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 n.the UEFI secur\n-00043fd0: 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 e boot is enable\n-00043fe0: 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 d. This is done\n-00043ff0: 2066 6f72 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 7265 for security re\n-00044000: 6173 6f6e 7320 616e 640a 6172 6520 656e asons and.are en\n-00044010: 666f 7263 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4752 forced by the GR\n-00044020: 5542 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6d65 6368 UB Lockdown mech\n-00044030: 616e 6973 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 204c 6f63 anism (*note Loc\n-00044040: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c kdown::).....Fil\n-00044050: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00044060: 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 ode: Secure Boot\n-00044070: 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 Advanced Target\n-00044080: 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 6173 ing, Next: Meas\n-00044090: 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 ured Boot, Prev\n-000440a0: 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f : UEFI secure bo\n-000440b0: 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 5570 ot and shim, Up\n-000440c0: 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e34 : Security..19.4\n-000440d0: 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 666f 726d Embedded inform\n-000440e0: 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6765 6e65 7261 ation for genera\n-000440f0: 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6261 7365 tion number base\n-00044100: 6420 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d d revocation.===\n+00043c80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n+00043c90: 2047 5255 422c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 GRUB, except th\n+00043ca0: 6520 e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e ...chainloader\n+00043cb0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2077 6f72 ... command, wor\n+00043cc0: 6b73 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 5545 4649 ks with the UEFI\n+00043cd0: 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 secure.boot and\n+00043ce0: 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 the shim. This\n+00043cf0: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 2069 functionality i\n+00043d00: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 s provided by th\n+00043d10: 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b0a 7665 7269 e shim_lock.veri\n+00043d20: 6669 6572 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2062 7569 fier. It is bui\n+00043d30: 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9863 lt into the ...c\n+00043d40: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 ore.img... and i\n+00043d50: 7320 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2069 6620 s registered if \n+00043d60: 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a73 6563 7572 6520 the UEFI.secure \n+00043d70: 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e boot is enabled.\n+00043d80: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6869 6d5f 6c6f The ...shim_lo\n+00043d90: 636b e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 ck... variable i\n+00043da0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 s set to ...y...\n+00043db0: 2077 6865 6e0a 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 when.shim_lock \n+00043dc0: 7665 7269 6669 6572 2069 7320 7265 6769 verifier is regi\n+00043dd0: 7374 6572 6564 2e20 2049 6620 6974 2069 stered. If it i\n+00043de0: 7320 6465 7369 7265 6420 746f 2075 7365 s desired to use\n+00043df0: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f UEFI secure.boo\n+00043e00: 7420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7368 696d 2c20 t without shim, \n+00043e10: 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 6469 7361 626c 6520 one can disable \n+00043e20: 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 6279 2064 6973 shim_lock by dis\n+00043e30: 6162 6c69 6e67 2073 6869 6d0a 7665 7269 abling shim.veri\n+00043e40: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 4d6f fication with Mo\n+00043e50: 6b53 6253 7461 7465 2055 4546 4920 7661 kSbState UEFI va\n+00043e60: 7269 6162 6c65 206f 7220 6279 2062 7569 riable or by bui\n+00043e70: 6c64 696e 6720 6772 7562 2069 6d61 6765 lding grub image\n+00043e80: 0a77 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d64 6973 6162 .with ...--disab\n+00043e90: 6c65 2d73 6869 6d2d 6c6f 636b e280 9920 le-shim-lock... \n+00043ea0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 416c 6c20 option... All \n+00043eb0: 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206e 6f74 GRUB modules not\n+00043ec0: 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 20e2 stored in the .\n+00043ed0: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 204f ..core.img..., O\n+00043ee0: 5320 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2041 4350 490a S kernels, ACPI.\n+00043ef0: 7461 626c 6573 2c20 4465 7669 6365 2054 tables, Device T\n+00043f00: 7265 6573 2c20 6574 632e 2020 6861 7665 rees, etc. have\n+00043f10: 2074 6f20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 642c 2065 to be signed, e\n+00043f20: 2e67 2c20 7573 696e 6720 5047 502e 0a41 .g, using PGP..A\n+00043f30: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 dditionally, the\n+00043f40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 6174 2063 commands that c\n+00043f50: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 an be used to su\n+00043f60: 6276 6572 7420 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 bvert the UEFI s\n+00043f70: 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 206d 6563 6861 ecure.boot mecha\n+00043f80: 6e69 736d 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 nism, such as ..\n+00043f90: 9869 6f72 77e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 .iorw... and ...\n+00043fa0: 6d65 6d72 77e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f memrw... will no\n+00043fb0: 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2077 t be available w\n+00043fc0: 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 hen.the UEFI sec\n+00043fd0: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 ure boot is enab\n+00043fe0: 6c65 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 646f led. This is do\n+00043ff0: 6e65 2066 6f72 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 ne for security \n+00044000: 7265 6173 6f6e 7320 616e 640a 6172 6520 reasons and.are \n+00044010: 656e 666f 7263 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 enforced by the \n+00044020: 4752 5542 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6d65 GRUB Lockdown me\n+00044030: 6368 616e 6973 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 204c chanism (*note L\n+00044040: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ockdown::).....F\n+00044050: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00044060: 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f Node: Secure Bo\n+00044070: 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 ot Advanced Targ\n+00044080: 6574 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 eting, Next: Me\n+00044090: 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 asured Boot, Pr\n+000440a0: 6576 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 ev: UEFI secure \n+000440b0: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 boot and shim, \n+000440c0: 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 Up: Security..19\n+000440d0: 2e34 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 666f .4 Embedded info\n+000440e0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6765 6e65 rmation for gene\n+000440f0: 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6261 ration number ba\n+00044100: 7365 6420 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 0a3d sed revocation.=\n 00044110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-00044150: 6865 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 he Secure Boot A\n-00044160: 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e dvanced Targetin\n-00044170: 6720 2853 4241 5429 2069 7320 6120 6d65 g (SBAT) is a me\n-00044180: 6368 616e 6973 6d20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 chanism to allow\n-00044190: 2074 6865 0a72 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 the.revocation \n-000441a0: 6f66 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 696e of components in\n-000441b0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 7468 2062 the boot path b\n-000441c0: 7920 7573 696e 6720 6765 6e65 7261 7469 y using generati\n-000441d0: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 0a65 6d62 6564 on numbers.embed\n-000441e0: 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2045 4649 ded into the EFI\n-000441f0: 2062 696e 6172 6965 732e 2020 5468 6520 binaries. The \n-00044200: 5342 4154 206d 6574 6164 6174 6120 6973 SBAT metadata is\n-00044210: 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2069 6e20 616e 0a2e located in an..\n-00044220: 7362 6174 2064 6174 6120 7365 6374 696f sbat data sectio\n-00044230: 6e20 7468 6174 2068 6173 2073 6574 206f n that has set o\n-00044240: 6620 5554 462d 3820 7374 7269 6e67 7320 f UTF-8 strings \n-00044250: 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 2d73 6570 6172 6174 as comma-separat\n-00044260: 6564 0a76 616c 7565 7320 2843 5356 292e ed.values (CSV).\n-00044270: 2053 6565 203c 6874 7470 733a 2f2f 6769 See for.more\n-000442b0: 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 546f details... To\n-000442c0: 2061 6464 2061 2064 6174 6120 7365 6374 add a data sect\n-000442d0: 696f 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 ion containing t\n-000442e0: 6865 2053 4241 5420 696e 666f 726d 6174 he SBAT informat\n-000442f0: 696f 6e20 696e 746f 2074 6865 0a62 696e ion into the.bin\n-00044300: 6172 792c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7362 ary, the ...--sb\n-00044310: 6174 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 at... option of \n-00044320: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 ...grub-mkimage.\n-00044330: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 686f 756c .. command shoul\n-00044340: 6420 6265 2075 7365 642e 0a54 6865 2063 d be used..The c\n-00044350: 6f6e 7465 6e74 206f 6620 6120 4353 5620 ontent of a CSV \n-00044360: 6669 6c65 2c20 656e 636f 6465 6420 7769 file, encoded wi\n-00044370: 7468 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6973 2063 6f70 th UTF-8, is cop\n-00044380: 6965 6420 6173 2069 7320 746f 2074 6865 ied as is to the\n-00044390: 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 6174 6120 7365 6374 ..sbat data sect\n-000443a0: 696f 6e20 696e 746f 2074 6865 2067 656e ion into the gen\n-000443b0: 6572 6174 6564 2045 4649 2062 696e 6172 erated EFI binar\n-000443c0: 792e 2020 5468 6520 4353 5620 6669 6c65 y. The CSV file\n-000443d0: 2063 616e 2062 650a 7374 6f72 6564 2061 can be.stored a\n-000443e0: 6e79 7768 6572 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 nywhere on the f\n-000443f0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 ile system... \n-00044400: 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 202d grub-mkimage -\n-00044410: 4f20 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 202d 6f20 O x86_64-efi -o \n-00044420: 6772 7562 7836 342e 6566 6920 2d70 2027 grubx64.efi -p '\n-00044430: 2874 6674 7029 2f67 7275 6227 202d 2d73 (tftp)/grub' --s\n-00044440: 6261 7420 7362 6174 2e63 7376 2065 6669 bat sbat.csv efi\n-00044450: 6e65 7420 7466 7470 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 net tftp....File\n-00044460: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00044470: 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f de: Measured Boo\n-00044480: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f t, Next: Lockdo\n-00044490: 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 6563 7572 wn, Prev: Secur\n-000444a0: 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 e Boot Advanced \n-000444b0: 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 Targeting, Up: \n-000444c0: 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e35 204d Security..19.5 M\n-000444d0: 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 636f easuring boot co\n-000444e0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mponents.=======\n+00044140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00044150: 0a54 6865 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 .The Secure Boot\n+00044160: 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 Advanced Target\n+00044170: 696e 6720 2853 4241 5429 2069 7320 6120 ing (SBAT) is a \n+00044180: 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d20 746f 2061 6c6c mechanism to all\n+00044190: 6f77 2074 6865 0a72 6576 6f63 6174 696f ow the.revocatio\n+000441a0: 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 n of components \n+000441b0: 696e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 7468 in the boot path\n+000441c0: 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 6765 6e65 7261 by using genera\n+000441d0: 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 0a65 6d62 tion numbers.emb\n+000441e0: 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2045 edded into the E\n+000441f0: 4649 2062 696e 6172 6965 732e 2020 5468 FI binaries. Th\n+00044200: 6520 5342 4154 206d 6574 6164 6174 6120 e SBAT metadata \n+00044210: 6973 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2069 6e20 616e is located in an\n+00044220: 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 6174 6120 7365 6374 ..sbat data sect\n+00044230: 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2068 6173 2073 6574 ion that has set\n+00044240: 206f 6620 5554 462d 3820 7374 7269 6e67 of UTF-8 string\n+00044250: 7320 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 2d73 6570 6172 s as comma-separ\n+00044260: 6174 6564 0a76 616c 7565 7320 2843 5356 ated.values (CSV\n+00044270: 292e 2053 6565 203c 6874 7470 733a 2f2f ). See for.mo\n+000442b0: 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 re details... \n+000442c0: 546f 2061 6464 2061 2064 6174 6120 7365 To add a data se\n+000442d0: 6374 696f 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 ction containing\n+000442e0: 2074 6865 2053 4241 5420 696e 666f 726d the SBAT inform\n+000442f0: 6174 696f 6e20 696e 746f 2074 6865 0a62 ation into the.b\n+00044300: 696e 6172 792c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d inary, the ...--\n+00044310: 7362 6174 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f sbat... option o\n+00044320: 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 f ...grub-mkimag\n+00044330: 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 686f e... command sho\n+00044340: 756c 6420 6265 2075 7365 642e 0a54 6865 uld be used..The\n+00044350: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 206f 6620 6120 4353 content of a CS\n+00044360: 5620 6669 6c65 2c20 656e 636f 6465 6420 V file, encoded \n+00044370: 7769 7468 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6973 2063 with UTF-8, is c\n+00044380: 6f70 6965 6420 6173 2069 7320 746f 2074 opied as is to t\n+00044390: 6865 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 6174 6120 7365 he..sbat data se\n+000443a0: 6374 696f 6e20 696e 746f 2074 6865 2067 ction into the g\n+000443b0: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2045 4649 2062 696e enerated EFI bin\n+000443c0: 6172 792e 2020 5468 6520 4353 5620 6669 ary. The CSV fi\n+000443d0: 6c65 2063 616e 2062 650a 7374 6f72 6564 le can be.stored\n+000443e0: 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 anywhere on the\n+000443f0: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 file system... \n+00044400: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 grub-mkimage\n+00044410: 202d 4f20 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 202d -O x86_64-efi -\n+00044420: 6f20 6772 7562 7836 342e 6566 6920 2d70 o grubx64.efi -p\n+00044430: 2027 2874 6674 7029 2f67 7275 6227 202d '(tftp)/grub' -\n+00044440: 2d73 6261 7420 7362 6174 2e63 7376 2065 -sbat sbat.csv e\n+00044450: 6669 6e65 7420 7466 7470 0a0a 1f0a 4669 finet tftp....Fi\n+00044460: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00044470: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 Node: Measured B\n+00044480: 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c6f 636b oot, Next: Lock\n+00044490: 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 6563 down, Prev: Sec\n+000444a0: 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 ure Boot Advance\n+000444b0: 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 5570 d Targeting, Up\n+000444c0: 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e35 : Security..19.5\n+000444d0: 204d 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 Measuring boot \n+000444e0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d components.=====\n 000444f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044500: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6520 =======..If the \n-00044510: 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f tpm module is lo\n-00044520: 6164 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6c61 aded and the pla\n-00044530: 7466 6f72 6d20 6861 7320 6120 5472 7573 tform has a Trus\n-00044540: 7465 6420 506c 6174 666f 726d 0a4d 6f64 ted Platform.Mod\n-00044550: 756c 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 642c 2047 ule installed, G\n-00044560: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 206c 6f67 2065 6163 RUB will log eac\n-00044570: 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 h command execut\n-00044580: 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 ed and each file\n-00044590: 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 .loaded into the\n-000445a0: 2054 504d 2065 7665 6e74 206c 6f67 2061 TPM event log a\n-000445b0: 6e64 2065 7874 656e 6420 7468 6520 5043 nd extend the PC\n-000445c0: 5220 7661 6c75 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 R values in the \n-000445d0: 5450 4d0a 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e TPM.correspondin\n-000445e0: 676c 792e 2020 416c 6c20 6576 656e 7473 gly. All events\n-000445f0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 will be logged \n-00044600: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2050 4352 2064 6573 into the PCR des\n-00044610: 6372 6962 6564 2062 656c 6f77 0a77 6974 cribed below.wit\n-00044620: 6820 6120 7479 7065 206f 6620 4556 5f49 h a type of EV_I\n-00044630: 504c 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 6576 656e 7420 PL and an event \n-00044640: 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e20 6173 2064 description as d\n-00044650: 6573 6372 6962 6564 2062 656c 6f77 2e0a escribed below..\n-00044660: 0a45 7665 6e74 2074 7970 6520 2020 2020 .Event type \n-00044670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5043 5220 2020 2020 PCR \n-00044680: 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d Description.----\n+00044500: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 6620 7468 =========..If th\n+00044510: 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 e tpm module is \n+00044520: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 loaded and the p\n+00044530: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6861 7320 6120 5472 latform has a Tr\n+00044540: 7573 7465 6420 506c 6174 666f 726d 0a4d usted Platform.M\n+00044550: 6f64 756c 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 642c odule installed,\n+00044560: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 206c 6f67 2065 GRUB will log e\n+00044570: 6163 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 ach command exec\n+00044580: 7574 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6163 6820 6669 uted and each fi\n+00044590: 6c65 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 le.loaded into t\n+000445a0: 6865 2054 504d 2065 7665 6e74 206c 6f67 he TPM event log\n+000445b0: 2061 6e64 2065 7874 656e 6420 7468 6520 and extend the \n+000445c0: 5043 5220 7661 6c75 6573 2069 6e20 7468 PCR values in th\n+000445d0: 6520 5450 4d0a 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 e TPM.correspond\n+000445e0: 696e 676c 792e 2020 416c 6c20 6576 656e ingly. All even\n+000445f0: 7473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 ts will be logge\n+00044600: 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2050 4352 2064 d into the PCR d\n+00044610: 6573 6372 6962 6564 2062 656c 6f77 0a77 escribed below.w\n+00044620: 6974 6820 6120 7479 7065 206f 6620 4556 ith a type of EV\n+00044630: 5f49 504c 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 6576 656e _IPL and an even\n+00044640: 7420 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e20 6173 t description as\n+00044650: 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2062 656c 6f77 described below\n+00044660: 2e0a 0a45 7665 6e74 2074 7970 6520 2020 ...Event type \n+00044670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5043 5220 2020 PCR \n+00044680: 2020 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d Description.--\n 00044690: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000446a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000446b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000446c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000446d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 436f 6d6d 616e 6420 -------.Command \n-000446e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 8\n-000446f0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 2065 7865 6375 All execu\n-00044700: 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 696e ted commands (in\n-00044710: 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 6f73 650a 2020 cluding those. \n+000446d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 436f 6d6d 616e ---------.Comman\n+000446e0: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d \n+000446f0: 2038 2020 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 2065 7865 8 All exe\n+00044700: 6375 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 cuted commands (\n+00044710: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 6f73 650a including those.\n 00044720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 726f fro\n-00044740: 6d20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 m configuration \n-00044750: 6669 6c65 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c files) will be l\n-00044760: 6f67 6765 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ogged. \n+00044730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 f\n+00044740: 726f 6d20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f rom configuratio\n+00044750: 6e20 6669 6c65 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6265 n files) will be\n+00044760: 206c 6f67 6765 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 logged. \n 00044770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044780: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206d 6561 7375 7265 and measure\n-00044790: 6420 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2077 6974 d as entered wit\n-000447a0: 6820 6120 7072 6566 6978 206f 660a 2020 h a prefix of. \n+00044780: 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206d 6561 7375 and measu\n+00044790: 7265 6420 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2077 red as entered w\n+000447a0: 6974 6820 6120 7072 6566 6978 206f 660a ith a prefix of.\n 000447b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000447c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6772 \"gr\n-000447d0: 7562 5f63 6d64 3a20 220a 4b65 726e 656c ub_cmd: \".Kernel\n-000447e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 2020 command line \n-000447f0: 2038 2020 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2063 6f6d 8 Any com\n-00044800: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 7061 7373 6564 mand line passed\n-00044810: 2074 6f20 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c to a kernel wil\n-00044820: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n+000447c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+000447d0: 6772 7562 5f63 6d64 3a20 220a 4b65 726e grub_cmd: \".Kern\n+000447e0: 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 el command line \n+000447f0: 2020 2038 2020 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2063 8 Any c\n+00044800: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 7061 7373 ommand line pass\n+00044810: 6564 2074 6f20 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2077 ed to a kernel w\n+00044820: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill. \n 00044830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044840: 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 206d be logged and m\n-00044850: 6561 7375 7265 6420 6173 2065 6e74 6572 easured as enter\n-00044860: 6564 2077 6974 6820 610a 2020 2020 2020 ed with a. \n+00044840: 2020 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 be logged and\n+00044850: 206d 6561 7375 7265 6420 6173 2065 6e74 measured as ent\n+00044860: 6572 6564 2077 6974 6820 610a 2020 2020 ered with a. \n 00044870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7265 6669 7820 prefix \n-00044890: 6f66 2022 6b65 726e 656c 5f63 6d64 6c69 of \"kernel_cmdli\n-000448a0: 6e65 3a20 220a 4d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d ne: \".Module com\n-000448b0: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 2020 2038 2020 mand line 8 \n-000448c0: 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 Any command\n-000448d0: 206c 696e 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 line passed to \n-000448e0: 6120 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 a kernel. \n+00044880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7265 6669 prefi\n+00044890: 7820 6f66 2022 6b65 726e 656c 5f63 6d64 x of \"kernel_cmd\n+000448a0: 6c69 6e65 3a20 220a 4d6f 6475 6c65 2063 line: \".Module c\n+000448b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 2020 2038 ommand line 8\n+000448c0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2063 6f6d 6d61 Any comma\n+000448d0: 6e64 206c 696e 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 nd line passed t\n+000448e0: 6f20 6120 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 o a kernel. \n 000448f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2077 module w\n-00044910: 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 616e ill be logged an\n-00044920: 6420 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 730a 2020 d measured as. \n+00044900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 module\n+00044910: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 will be logged \n+00044920: 616e 6420 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 730a and measured as.\n 00044930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e74 ent\n-00044950: 6572 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7072 6566 ered with a pref\n-00044960: 6978 206f 6620 226d 6f64 756c 655f 636d ix of \"module_cm\n-00044970: 646c 696e 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 dline:. \n+00044940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 e\n+00044950: 6e74 6572 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7072 ntered with a pr\n+00044960: 6566 6978 206f 6620 226d 6f64 756c 655f efix of \"module_\n+00044970: 636d 646c 696e 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 cmdline:. \n 00044980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044990: 2020 2020 2020 220a 4669 6c65 7320 2020 \".Files \n-000449a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2039 9\n-000449b0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 Any file \n-000449c0: 7265 6164 2062 7920 4752 5542 2077 696c read by GRUB wil\n-000449d0: 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 616e 640a l be logged and.\n-000449e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000449f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d m\n-00044a00: 6561 7375 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 2064 easured with a d\n-00044a10: 6573 6372 6970 7469 7665 2074 6578 740a escriptive text.\n-00044a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n-00044a40: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 orresponding to \n-00044a50: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 the filename... \n-00044a60: 2020 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 GRUB will not \n-00044a70: 6d65 6173 7572 6520 6974 7320 6f77 6e20 measure its own \n-00044a80: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 202d ...core.img... -\n-00044a90: 2069 7420 6973 2065 7870 6563 7465 6420 it is expected \n-00044aa0: 7468 6174 0a66 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7769 that.firmware wi\n-00044ab0: 6c6c 2063 6172 7279 2074 6869 7320 6f75 ll carry this ou\n-00044ac0: 742e 2020 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 616c t. GRUB will al\n-00044ad0: 736f 206e 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 so not perform a\n-00044ae0: 6e79 0a6d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 ny.measurements \n-00044af0: 756e 7469 6c20 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f until the tpm mo\n-00044b00: 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 dule is loaded. \n-00044b10: 2041 7320 7375 6368 2069 7420 6973 2072 As such it is r\n-00044b20: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 0a74 6861 7420 ecommended.that \n-00044b30: 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 the tpm module b\n-00044b40: 6520 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 20e2 8098 e built into ...\n-00044b50: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 696e 206f core.img... in o\n-00044b60: 7264 6572 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 610a rder to avoid a.\n-00044b70: 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6761 7020 696e potential gap in\n-00044b80: 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 2062 6574 measurement bet\n-00044b90: 7765 656e 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 ween ...core.img\n-00044ba0: e280 9920 6265 696e 6720 6c6f 6164 6564 ... being loaded\n-00044bb0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2074 706d 0a6d 6f64 and the tpm.mod\n-00044bc0: 756c 6520 6265 696e 6720 6c6f 6164 6564 ule being loaded\n-00044bd0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2062 ... Measured b\n-00044be0: 6f6f 7420 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 oot is currently\n-00044bf0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 only supported \n-00044c00: 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 6e64 2049 424d 2049 on EFI and IBM I\n-00044c10: 4545 4531 3237 350a 506f 7765 7250 4320 EEE1275.PowerPC \n-00044c20: 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 platforms.....Fi\n-00044c30: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00044c40: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 Node: Lockdown, \n-00044c50: 2050 7265 763a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 Prev: Measured \n-00044c60: 426f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 Boot, Up: Secur\n-00044c70: 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3620 4c6f 636b 646f ity..19.6 Lockdo\n-00044c80: 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 wn when booting \n-00044c90: 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 7365 7475 on a secure setu\n-00044ca0: 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d p.==============\n+00044990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 220a 4669 6c65 7320 \".Files \n+000449a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000449b0: 2039 2020 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2066 696c 9 Any fil\n+000449c0: 6520 7265 6164 2062 7920 4752 5542 2077 e read by GRUB w\n+000449d0: 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 616e ill be logged an\n+000449e0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+000449f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044a00: 206d 6561 7375 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 measured with a\n+00044a10: 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 7665 2074 6578 descriptive tex\n+00044a20: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n+00044a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044a40: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2074 corresponding t\n+00044a50: 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 2e0a o the filename..\n+00044a60: 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f . GRUB will no\n+00044a70: 7420 6d65 6173 7572 6520 6974 7320 6f77 t measure its ow\n+00044a80: 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 n ...core.img...\n+00044a90: 202d 2069 7420 6973 2065 7870 6563 7465 - it is expecte\n+00044aa0: 6420 7468 6174 0a66 6972 6d77 6172 6520 d that.firmware \n+00044ab0: 7769 6c6c 2063 6172 7279 2074 6869 7320 will carry this \n+00044ac0: 6f75 742e 2020 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 out. GRUB will \n+00044ad0: 616c 736f 206e 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d also not perform\n+00044ae0: 2061 6e79 0a6d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 any.measurement\n+00044af0: 7320 756e 7469 6c20 7468 6520 7470 6d20 s until the tpm \n+00044b00: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 module is loaded\n+00044b10: 2e20 2041 7320 7375 6368 2069 7420 6973 . As such it is\n+00044b20: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 0a74 6861 recommended.tha\n+00044b30: 7420 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 t the tpm module\n+00044b40: 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 20e2 be built into .\n+00044b50: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 696e ..core.img... in\n+00044b60: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 order to avoid \n+00044b70: 610a 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6761 7020 a.potential gap \n+00044b80: 696e 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 2062 in measurement b\n+00044b90: 6574 7765 656e 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 etween ...core.i\n+00044ba0: 6d67 e280 9920 6265 696e 6720 6c6f 6164 mg... being load\n+00044bb0: 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2074 706d 0a6d ed and the tpm.m\n+00044bc0: 6f64 756c 6520 6265 696e 6720 6c6f 6164 odule being load\n+00044bd0: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 ed... Measured\n+00044be0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 boot is current\n+00044bf0: 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 ly only supporte\n+00044c00: 6420 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 6e64 2049 424d d on EFI and IBM\n+00044c10: 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a 506f 7765 7250 IEEE1275.PowerP\n+00044c20: 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a0a 1f0a C platforms.....\n+00044c30: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00044c40: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e Node: Lockdown\n+00044c50: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 6561 7375 7265 , Prev: Measure\n+00044c60: 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 d Boot, Up: Sec\n+00044c70: 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3620 4c6f 636b urity..19.6 Lock\n+00044c80: 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e down when bootin\n+00044c90: 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 7365 g on a secure se\n+00044ca0: 7475 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tup.============\n 00044cb0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044cc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00044cd0: 5468 6520 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 The GRUB can be \n-00044ce0: 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e20 7768 656e locked down when\n-00044cf0: 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 booted on a sec\n-00044d00: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e ure boot environ\n-00044d10: 6d65 6e74 2c0a 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c ment,.for exampl\n-00044d20: 6520 6966 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 e if the UEFI se\n-00044d30: 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 cure boot is ena\n-00044d40: 626c 6564 2e20 204f 6e20 6120 6c6f 636b bled. On a lock\n-00044d50: 6564 2064 6f77 6e0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ed down.configur\n-00044d60: 6174 696f 6e2c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 ation, the GRUB \n-00044d70: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7374 7269 6374 will be restrict\n-00044d80: 6564 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 ed and some oper\n-00044d90: 6174 696f 6e73 2f63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a ations/commands.\n-00044da0: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 cannot be execut\n-00044db0: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 986c ed... The ...l\n-00044dc0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6ee2 8099 2076 6172 6961 ockdown... varia\n-00044dd0: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ble is set to ..\n-00044de0: 9879 e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 2047 .y... when the G\n-00044df0: 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 646f RUB is locked do\n-00044e00: 776e 2e0a 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6974 wn..Otherwise it\n-00044e10: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6578 6974 2e0a does not exit..\n-00044e20: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00044e30: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 fo, Node: Platf\n-00044e40: 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c orm limitations,\n-00044e50: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d Next: Platform\n-00044e60: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 -specific operat\n-00044e70: 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 6563 ions, Prev: Sec\n-00044e80: 7572 6974 792c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a urity, Up: Top.\n-00044e90: 0a32 3020 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d .20 Platform lim\n-00044ea0: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a itations.*******\n+00044cc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00044cd0: 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 ..The GRUB can b\n+00044ce0: 6520 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e20 7768 e locked down wh\n+00044cf0: 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 6f6e 2061 2073 en booted on a s\n+00044d00: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2065 6e76 6972 ecure boot envir\n+00044d10: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c0a 666f 7220 6578 616d onment,.for exam\n+00044d20: 706c 6520 6966 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 ple if the UEFI \n+00044d30: 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 secure boot is e\n+00044d40: 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 204f 6e20 6120 6c6f nabled. On a lo\n+00044d50: 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e0a 636f 6e66 6967 cked down.config\n+00044d60: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2074 6865 2047 5255 uration, the GRU\n+00044d70: 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7374 7269 B will be restri\n+00044d80: 6374 6564 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 cted and some op\n+00044d90: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2f63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 erations/command\n+00044da0: 730a 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6563 s.cannot be exec\n+00044db0: 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 uted... The ..\n+00044dc0: 986c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6ee2 8099 2076 6172 .lockdown... var\n+00044dd0: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 iable is set to \n+00044de0: e280 9879 e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 ...y... when the\n+00044df0: 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 GRUB is locked \n+00044e00: 646f 776e 2e0a 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 down..Otherwise \n+00044e10: 6974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6578 6974 it does not exit\n+00044e20: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00044e30: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 info, Node: Pla\n+00044e40: 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e tform limitation\n+00044e50: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 506c 6174 666f s, Next: Platfo\n+00044e60: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 rm-specific oper\n+00044e70: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 ations, Prev: S\n+00044e80: 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ecurity, Up: To\n+00044e90: 700a 0a32 3020 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c p..20 Platform l\n+00044ea0: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a imitations.*****\n 00044eb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00044ec0: 0a0a 4752 5542 3220 6973 2064 6573 6967 ..GRUB2 is desig\n-00044ed0: 6e65 6420 746f 2062 6520 706f 7274 6162 ned to be portab\n-00044ee0: 6c65 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6163 7475 616c le and is actual\n-00044ef0: 6c79 2070 6f72 7465 6420 6163 726f 7373 ly ported across\n-00044f00: 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2057 6520 .platforms. We \n-00044f10: 7472 7920 746f 206b 6565 7020 616c 6c20 try to keep all \n-00044f20: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6174 2074 6865 platforms at the\n-00044f30: 206c 6576 656c 2e20 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 level. Unfortu\n-00044f40: 6e61 7465 6c79 0a73 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 nately.some plat\n-00044f50: 666f 726d 7320 6172 6520 6265 7474 6572 forms are better\n-00044f60: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2074 6861 6e20 supported than \n-00044f70: 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 others. This is\n-00044f80: 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e 0a63 7572 detailed in.cur\n-00044f90: 7265 6e74 2061 6e64 2032 2066 6f6c 6c6f rent and 2 follo\n-00044fa0: 7769 6e67 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a wing sections...\n-00044fb0: 2020 2041 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 All platforms\n-00044fc0: 2068 6176 6520 616e 2061 7274 6966 6963 have an artific\n-00044fd0: 6961 6c6c 7920 4752 5542 2069 6d70 6f73 ially GRUB impos\n-00044fe0: 6564 2064 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 2072 6573 ed disk size res\n-00044ff0: 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 3120 4569 triction.of 1 Ei\n-00045000: 422e 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 B. In some cases\n-00045010: 2c20 6c61 7267 6572 2064 6973 6b20 7369 , larger disk si\n-00045020: 7a65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 642c zes can be used,\n-00045030: 2062 7574 2061 6363 6573 7320 7769 6c6c but access will\n-00045040: 0a6e 6f74 2062 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 .not be allowed \n-00045050: 6265 796f 6e64 2031 2045 6942 2e0a 0a20 beyond 1 EiB... \n-00045060: 2020 4c55 4b53 3220 6465 7669 6365 7320 LUKS2 devices \n-00045070: 7769 7468 2073 697a 6520 6c61 7267 6572 with size larger\n-00045080: 2074 6861 6e20 3136 2045 6942 2061 7265 than 16 EiB are\n-00045090: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206e 6f74 0a73 currently not.s\n-000450a0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e20 2054 6865 7920 upported. They \n-000450b0: 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 2063 7265 6174 can not be creat\n-000450c0: 6564 2061 7320 6372 7970 746f 2064 6576 ed as crypto dev\n-000450d0: 6963 6573 2062 7920 6372 7970 746f 6d6f ices by cryptomo\n-000450e0: 756e 742c 2073 6f0a 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 unt, so.can not \n-000450f0: 6576 656e 2062 6520 7061 7274 6961 6c6c even be partiall\n-00045100: 7920 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 4c55 y read from. LU\n-00045110: 4b53 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 206c 696d 6974 KS have no limit\n-00045120: 6174 696f 6e73 206f 7468 6572 0a74 6861 ations other.tha\n-00045130: 6e20 7468 6f73 6520 696d 706f 7365 6420 n those imposed \n-00045140: 6279 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a by the format...\n-00045150: 2020 2041 5243 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 ARC platform \n-00045160: 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 2063 6861 is unable to cha\n-00045170: 6e67 6520 6461 7465 7469 6d65 2028 6669 nge datetime (fi\n-00045180: 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2073 rmware doesn't s\n-00045190: 6565 6d20 746f 0a70 726f 7669 6465 2061 eem to.provide a\n-000451a0: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6974 function for it\n-000451b0: 292e 2020 454d 5520 6861 7320 7369 6d69 ). EMU has simi\n-000451c0: 6c61 7220 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a lar limitation..\n-000451d0: 0a20 2020 4f6e 2045 4d55 2070 6c61 7466 . On EMU platf\n-000451e0: 6f72 6d20 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f orm no serial po\n-000451f0: 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e rt is available.\n-00045200: 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6e 736f 6c65 2063 6861 .. Console cha\n-00045210: 7273 6574 2072 6566 6572 7320 6f6e 6c79 rset refers only\n-00045220: 2074 6f20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2d61 7373 to firmware-ass\n-00045230: 6973 7465 6420 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 isted console. \n-00045240: 6766 7874 6572 6d20 6973 0a61 6c77 6179 gfxterm is.alway\n-00045250: 7320 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2873 6565 2049 s Unicode (see I\n-00045260: 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 nternationalisat\n-00045270: 696f 6e20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 666f 7220 ion section for \n-00045280: 6974 7320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7329 its limitations)\n-00045290: 2e0a 5365 7269 616c 2069 7320 636f 6e66 ..Serial is conf\n-000452a0: 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 5554 462d igurable to UTF-\n-000452b0: 3820 6f72 2041 5343 4949 2028 7365 6520 8 or ASCII (see \n-000452c0: 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 Internationalisa\n-000452d0: 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 496e 0a63 6173 6520 tion). In.case \n-000452e0: 6f66 2071 656d 7520 616e 6420 636f 7265 of qemu and core\n-000452f0: 626f 6f74 2070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 2072 boot ports the r\n-00045300: 6566 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2069 efered console i\n-00045310: 7320 7667 615f 7465 7874 2e0a 4c6f 6f6e s vga_text..Loon\n-00045320: 6773 6f6e 2061 6c77 6179 7320 7573 6573 gson always uses\n-00045330: 2067 6678 7465 726d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f gfxterm... Mo\n-00045340: 7374 206c 696d 6974 6564 206f 6e65 2069 st limited one i\n-00045350: 7320 4153 4349 492e 2043 5034 3337 2070 s ASCII. CP437 p\n-00045360: 726f 7669 6465 7320 6164 6469 7469 6f6e rovides addition\n-00045370: 616c 6c79 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 7261 7068 ally.pseudograph\n-00045380: 6963 732e 2020 4752 5542 3220 646f 6573 ics. GRUB2 does\n-00045390: 6e27 7420 7573 6520 616e 7920 6c61 6e67 n't use any lang\n-000453a0: 7561 6765 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 uage characters \n-000453b0: 6672 6f6d 2043 5034 3337 2061 730a 6f66 from CP437 as.of\n-000453c0: 7465 6e20 4350 3433 3720 6973 2072 6570 ten CP437 is rep\n-000453d0: 6c61 6365 6420 6279 206e 6174 696f 6e61 laced by nationa\n-000453e0: 6c20 656e 636f 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d 7061 l encoding compa\n-000453f0: 7469 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 6e0a 7073 tible only in.ps\n-00045400: 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 2e20 2055 eudographics. U\n-00045410: 6e69 636f 6465 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f nicode is the mo\n-00045420: 7374 2076 6572 7361 7469 6c65 2063 6861 st versatile cha\n-00045430: 7273 6574 2077 6869 6368 2073 7570 706f rset which suppo\n-00045440: 7274 730a 6d61 6e79 206c 616e 6775 6167 rts.many languag\n-00045450: 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6865 es. However the\n-00045460: 2061 6374 7561 6c20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 actual console \n-00045470: 6d61 7920 6265 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 may be much more\n-00045480: 206c 696d 6974 6564 0a64 6570 656e 6469 limited.dependi\n-00045490: 6e67 206f 6e20 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a0a ng on firmware..\n-000454a0: 2020 204f 6e20 4249 4f53 2c20 6e65 7477 On BIOS, netw\n-000454b0: 6f72 6b20 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 ork is supported\n-000454c0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2074 6865 2069 6d61 only if the ima\n-000454d0: 6765 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2074 6872 ge is loaded thr\n-000454e0: 6f75 6768 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2e20 204f ough.network. O\n-000454f0: 6e20 7370 6172 6336 342c 2047 5255 4220 n sparc64, GRUB \n-00045500: 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 2064 6574 is unable to det\n-00045510: 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 6368 2073 6572 ermine which ser\n-00045520: 7665 7220 6974 2077 6173 0a62 6f6f 7465 ver it was.boote\n-00045530: 6420 6672 6f6d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4469 7265 d from... Dire\n-00045540: 6374 2041 5441 2f41 4843 4920 7375 7070 ct ATA/AHCI supp\n-00045550: 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6f20 6369 ort allows to ci\n-00045560: 7263 756d 7665 6e74 2076 6172 696f 7573 rcumvent various\n-00045570: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 6c69 6d69 7461 firmware.limita\n-00045580: 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6973 6e27 7420 tions but isn't \n-00045590: 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 needed for norma\n-000455a0: 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6578 6365 l operation exce\n-000455b0: 7074 206f 6e20 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c0a pt on baremetal.\n-000455c0: 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 5420 6b65 ports... AT ke\n-000455d0: 7962 6f61 7264 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 yboard support a\n-000455e0: 6c6c 6f77 7320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 206c llows keyboard l\n-000455f0: 6179 6f75 7420 7265 6d61 7070 696e 6720 ayout remapping \n-00045600: 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 720a and support for.\n-00045610: 6b65 7973 206e 6f74 2061 7661 696c 6162 keys not availab\n-00045620: 6c65 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2066 6972 6d77 le through firmw\n-00045630: 6172 652e 2020 4974 2069 736e 2774 206e are. It isn't n\n-00045640: 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 6e6f 726d 616c eeded for normal\n-00045650: 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 .operation excep\n-00045660: 7420 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c20 706f 7274 t baremetal port\n-00045670: 732e 0a0a 2020 2053 7065 616b 6572 2061 s... Speaker a\n-00045680: 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d6f 7273 6520 616e 6420 llows morse and \n-00045690: 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 spkmodem communi\n-000456a0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5553 4220 cation... USB \n-000456b0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7072 6f76 6964 6573 support provides\n-000456c0: 2062 656e 6566 6974 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 benefits simila\n-000456d0: 7220 746f 2041 5441 2028 666f 7220 5553 r to ATA (for US\n-000456e0: 4220 6469 736b 7329 206f 7220 4154 0a28 B disks) or AT.(\n-000456f0: 666f 7220 5553 4220 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 for USB keyboard\n-00045700: 7329 2e20 2049 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e s). In addition\n-00045710: 2069 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2055 5342 7365 it allows USBse\n-00045720: 7269 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e6c rial... Chainl\n-00045730: 6f61 6469 6e67 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f oading refers to\n-00045740: 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 the ability to \n-00045750: 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f load another boo\n-00045760: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 726f 7567 680a tloader through.\n-00045770: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2070 726f 746f 636f the same protoco\n-00045780: 6c0a 0a20 2020 4869 6e74 7320 616c 6c6f l.. Hints allo\n-00045790: 7720 6661 7374 6572 2064 6973 6b20 6469 w faster disk di\n-000457a0: 7363 6f76 6572 7920 6279 2061 6c72 6561 scovery by alrea\n-000457b0: 6479 206b 6e6f 7769 6e67 2069 6e20 6164 dy knowing in ad\n-000457c0: 7661 6e63 6520 7768 6963 680a 6973 2074 vance which.is t\n-000457d0: 6865 2064 6973 6b20 696e 2071 7565 7374 he disk in quest\n-000457e0: 696f 6e2e 2020 4f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 706c ion. On some pl\n-000457f0: 6174 666f 726d 7320 6869 6e74 7320 6172 atforms hints ar\n-00045800: 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 756e 6c65 7373 e correct unless\n-00045810: 2079 6f75 0a6d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 6469 you.move the di\n-00045820: 736b 2062 6574 7765 656e 2062 6f6f 7473 sk between boots\n-00045830: 2e20 204f 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 706c 6174 . On other plat\n-00045840: 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 206a 7573 7420 forms it's just \n-00045850: 616e 2065 6475 6361 7465 640a 6775 6573 an educated.gues\n-00045860: 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6869 s. Note that hi\n-00045870: 6e74 2066 6169 6c75 7265 2072 6573 756c nt failure resul\n-00045880: 7473 2069 6e20 6a75 7374 2072 6564 7563 ts in just reduc\n-00045890: 6564 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 ed performance, \n-000458a0: 6e6f 740a 6120 6661 696c 7572 650a 0a20 not.a failure.. \n-000458b0: 2020 4261 6452 414d 2069 7320 7468 6520 BadRAM is the \n-000458c0: 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 206d 6172 6b20 ability to mark \n-000458d0: 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 5241 4d20 some of the RAM \n-000458e0: 6173 2022 6261 6422 2e20 204e 6f74 653a as \"bad\". Note:\n-000458f0: 2064 7565 2074 6f0a 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c due to.protocol\n-00045900: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206d 6970 limitations mip\n-00045910: 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 7769 7468 s-loongson (with\n-00045920: 204c 696e 7578 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 Linux protocol)\n-00045930: 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d and.mips-qemu_m\n-00045940: 6970 7320 6361 6e20 7573 6520 6f6e 6c79 ips can use only\n-00045950: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7570 2074 6f20 6669 memory up to fi\n-00045960: 7273 7420 686f 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 426f rst hole... Bo\n-00045970: 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6162 otlocation is ab\n-00045980: 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f ility of GRUB to\n-00045990: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 automatically d\n-000459a0: 6574 6563 7420 7768 6572 6520 6974 0a62 etect where it.b\n-000459b0: 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 2264 6973 oots from. \"dis\n-000459c0: 6b22 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2064 6574 k\" means the det\n-000459d0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 ection is limite\n-000459e0: 6420 746f 2064 6574 6563 7469 6e67 2074 d to detecting t\n-000459f0: 6865 2064 6973 6b0a 7769 7468 2070 6172 he disk.with par\n-00045a00: 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6569 6e67 2064 6973 tition being dis\n-00045a10: 636f 7665 7265 6420 6f6e 2069 6e73 7461 covered on insta\n-00045a20: 6c6c 2074 696d 652e 2020 2270 6172 7469 ll time. \"parti\n-00045a30: 7469 6f6e 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 tion\" means that\n-00045a40: 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 .disk and partit\n-00045a50: 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6175 746f 6d61 on can be automa\n-00045a60: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6469 7363 6f76 6572 tically discover\n-00045a70: 6564 2e20 2022 6669 6c65 2220 6d65 616e ed. \"file\" mean\n-00045a80: 7320 7468 6174 0a62 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 s that.boot imag\n-00045a90: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6173 2077 e file name as w\n-00045aa0: 656c 6c20 6173 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 ell as disk and \n-00045ab0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 partition can be\n-00045ac0: 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 0a46 6f72 discovered..For\n-00045ad0: 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 6379 2c20 6465 consistency, de\n-00045ae0: 6661 756c 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6967 fault install ig\n-00045af0: 6e6f 7265 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 nores partition \n-00045b00: 616e 6420 7265 6c69 6573 2073 6f6c 656c and relies solel\n-00045b10: 7920 6f6e 0a64 6973 6b20 6465 7465 6374 y on.disk detect\n-00045b20: 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 626f 6f74 ion. If no boot\n-00045b30: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2064 6973 636f 7665 location discove\n-00045b40: 7279 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 ry is available \n-00045b50: 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 640a 6772 7562 or boot and.grub\n-00045b60: 2d72 6f6f 7420 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 -root disks are \n-00045b70: 6469 6666 6572 656e 742c 2055 5549 4420 different, UUID \n-00045b80: 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 642e is used instead.\n-00045b90: 2020 4f6e 2041 5243 2069 6620 6e6f 0a64 On ARC if no.d\n-00045ba0: 6576 6963 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c evice to install\n-00045bb0: 2074 6f20 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 to is specified\n-00045bc0: 2c20 5555 4944 2069 7320 7573 6564 2069 , UUID is used i\n-00045bd0: 6e73 7465 6164 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a nstead as well..\n-00045be0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00045bf0: 4249 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 BIOS C\n-00045c00: 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 4d75 oreboot Mu\n-00045c10: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2051 656d ltiboot Qem\n-00045c20: 750a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 u.video \n-00045c30: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045c40: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00045c50: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045c60: 730a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 s.console \n-00045c70: 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00045c80: 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 CP437 C\n-00045c90: 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 P437 CP\n-00045ca0: 3433 370a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 437.charset.netw\n-00045cb0: 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 ork yes (\n-00045cc0: 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 *) no \n-00045cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00045ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 no.ATA/A\n-00045cf0: 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 HCI yes \n-00045d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d20: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 5420 6b65 yes.AT ke\n-00045d30: 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yboard yes \n-00045d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d60: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a53 7065 616b yes.Speak\n-00045d70: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 er yes \n-00045d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045da0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a55 5342 2020 yes.USB \n-00045db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00045dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00045dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045de0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6861 696e yes.chain\n-00045df0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 loader local \n-00045e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00045e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045e20: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 no.cpuid \n-00045e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c partial\n-00045e40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n-00045e50: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n-00045e60: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 7264 partial.rd\n-00045e70: 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 msr par\n-00045e80: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n-00045e90: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n-00045ea0: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n-00045eb0: 6c0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 l.wrmsr \n-00045ec0: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00045ed0: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n-00045ee0: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n-00045ef0: 7274 6961 6c0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 rtial.hints \n-00045f00: 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-00045f10: 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-00045f20: 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-00045f30: 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 4920 2020 2020 guess.PCI \n-00045f40: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f50: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f60: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f70: 2020 2020 7965 730a 6261 6472 616d 2020 yes.badram \n-00045f80: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f90: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045fa0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045fb0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 yes.compress\n-00045fc0: 696f 6e20 2020 2061 6c77 6179 7320 2020 ion always \n-00045fd0: 2020 2020 2020 706f 696e 746c 6573 7320 pointless \n-00045fe0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00045ff0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 no.exit \n-00046000: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046010: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046020: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046030: 2020 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 no.bootlocati\n-00046040: 6f6e 2020 2064 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 on disk \n-00046050: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046060: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046070: 2020 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.. \n-00046080: 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4546 4920 2020 ia32 EFI \n-00046090: 2020 2020 616d 6436 3420 4546 4920 2020 amd64 EFI \n-000460a0: 2020 2069 6133 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 ia32 \n-000460b0: 2020 4974 616e 6975 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 Itanium. \n+00044ec0: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 3220 6973 2064 6573 **..GRUB2 is des\n+00044ed0: 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2062 6520 706f 7274 igned to be port\n+00044ee0: 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6163 7475 able and is actu\n+00044ef0: 616c 6c79 2070 6f72 7465 6420 6163 726f ally ported acro\n+00044f00: 7373 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2057 ss.platforms. W\n+00044f10: 6520 7472 7920 746f 206b 6565 7020 616c e try to keep al\n+00044f20: 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6174 2074 l platforms at t\n+00044f30: 6865 206c 6576 656c 2e20 2055 6e66 6f72 he level. Unfor\n+00044f40: 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 0a73 6f6d 6520 706c tunately.some pl\n+00044f50: 6174 666f 726d 7320 6172 6520 6265 7474 atforms are bett\n+00044f60: 6572 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2074 6861 er supported tha\n+00044f70: 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2054 6869 7320 n others. This \n+00044f80: 6973 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e 0a63 is detailed in.c\n+00044f90: 7572 7265 6e74 2061 6e64 2032 2066 6f6c urrent and 2 fol\n+00044fa0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 732e lowing sections.\n+00044fb0: 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 .. All platfor\n+00044fc0: 6d73 2068 6176 6520 616e 2061 7274 6966 ms have an artif\n+00044fd0: 6963 6961 6c6c 7920 4752 5542 2069 6d70 icially GRUB imp\n+00044fe0: 6f73 6564 2064 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 2072 osed disk size r\n+00044ff0: 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 3120 estriction.of 1 \n+00045000: 4569 422e 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 EiB. In some cas\n+00045010: 6573 2c20 6c61 7267 6572 2064 6973 6b20 es, larger disk \n+00045020: 7369 7a65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 sizes can be use\n+00045030: 642c 2062 7574 2061 6363 6573 7320 7769 d, but access wi\n+00045040: 6c6c 0a6e 6f74 2062 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 ll.not be allowe\n+00045050: 6420 6265 796f 6e64 2031 2045 6942 2e0a d beyond 1 EiB..\n+00045060: 0a20 2020 4c55 4b53 3220 6465 7669 6365 . LUKS2 device\n+00045070: 7320 7769 7468 2073 697a 6520 6c61 7267 s with size larg\n+00045080: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 3136 2045 6942 2061 er than 16 EiB a\n+00045090: 7265 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206e 6f74 re currently not\n+000450a0: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e20 2054 6865 .supported. The\n+000450b0: 7920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 2063 7265 y can not be cre\n+000450c0: 6174 6564 2061 7320 6372 7970 746f 2064 ated as crypto d\n+000450d0: 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 6372 7970 746f evices by crypto\n+000450e0: 6d6f 756e 742c 2073 6f0a 6361 6e20 6e6f mount, so.can no\n+000450f0: 7420 6576 656e 2062 6520 7061 7274 6961 t even be partia\n+00045100: 6c6c 7920 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 lly read from. \n+00045110: 4c55 4b53 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 206c 696d LUKS have no lim\n+00045120: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206f 7468 6572 0a74 itations other.t\n+00045130: 6861 6e20 7468 6f73 6520 696d 706f 7365 han those impose\n+00045140: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d61 742e d by the format.\n+00045150: 0a0a 2020 2041 5243 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 .. ARC platfor\n+00045160: 6d20 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 2063 m is unable to c\n+00045170: 6861 6e67 6520 6461 7465 7469 6d65 2028 hange datetime (\n+00045180: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 736e 2774 firmware doesn't\n+00045190: 2073 6565 6d20 746f 0a70 726f 7669 6465 seem to.provide\n+000451a0: 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 666f 7220 a function for \n+000451b0: 6974 292e 2020 454d 5520 6861 7320 7369 it). EMU has si\n+000451c0: 6d69 6c61 7220 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e milar limitation\n+000451d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2045 4d55 2070 6c61 ... On EMU pla\n+000451e0: 7466 6f72 6d20 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 6c20 tform no serial \n+000451f0: 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c port is availabl\n+00045200: 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6e 736f 6c65 2063 e... Console c\n+00045210: 6861 7273 6574 2072 6566 6572 7320 6f6e harset refers on\n+00045220: 6c79 2074 6f20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2d61 ly to firmware-a\n+00045230: 7373 6973 7465 6420 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e ssisted console.\n+00045240: 2020 6766 7874 6572 6d20 6973 0a61 6c77 gfxterm is.alw\n+00045250: 6179 7320 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2873 6565 ays Unicode (see\n+00045260: 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 Internationalis\n+00045270: 6174 696f 6e20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 666f ation section fo\n+00045280: 7220 6974 7320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e r its limitation\n+00045290: 7329 2e0a 5365 7269 616c 2069 7320 636f s)..Serial is co\n+000452a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 5554 nfigurable to UT\n+000452b0: 462d 3820 6f72 2041 5343 4949 2028 7365 F-8 or ASCII (se\n+000452c0: 6520 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 e Internationali\n+000452d0: 7361 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 496e 0a63 6173 sation). In.cas\n+000452e0: 6520 6f66 2071 656d 7520 616e 6420 636f e of qemu and co\n+000452f0: 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 reboot ports the\n+00045300: 2072 6566 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 refered console\n+00045310: 2069 7320 7667 615f 7465 7874 2e0a 4c6f is vga_text..Lo\n+00045320: 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2061 6c77 6179 7320 7573 ongson always us\n+00045330: 6573 2067 6678 7465 726d 2e0a 0a20 2020 es gfxterm... \n+00045340: 4d6f 7374 206c 696d 6974 6564 206f 6e65 Most limited one\n+00045350: 2069 7320 4153 4349 492e 2043 5034 3337 is ASCII. CP437\n+00045360: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6164 6469 7469 provides additi\n+00045370: 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 7261 onally.pseudogra\n+00045380: 7068 6963 732e 2020 4752 5542 3220 646f phics. GRUB2 do\n+00045390: 6573 6e27 7420 7573 6520 616e 7920 6c61 esn't use any la\n+000453a0: 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 nguage character\n+000453b0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2043 5034 3337 2061 730a s from CP437 as.\n+000453c0: 6f66 7465 6e20 4350 3433 3720 6973 2072 often CP437 is r\n+000453d0: 6570 6c61 6365 6420 6279 206e 6174 696f eplaced by natio\n+000453e0: 6e61 6c20 656e 636f 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d nal encoding com\n+000453f0: 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 6e0a patible only in.\n+00045400: 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 2e20 pseudographics. \n+00045410: 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2069 7320 7468 6520 Unicode is the \n+00045420: 6d6f 7374 2076 6572 7361 7469 6c65 2063 most versatile c\n+00045430: 6861 7273 6574 2077 6869 6368 2073 7570 harset which sup\n+00045440: 706f 7274 730a 6d61 6e79 206c 616e 6775 ports.many langu\n+00045450: 6167 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2074 ages. However t\n+00045460: 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 636f 6e73 6f6c he actual consol\n+00045470: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 206d 7563 6820 6d6f e may be much mo\n+00045480: 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 0a64 6570 656e re limited.depen\n+00045490: 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6669 726d 7761 7265 ding on firmware\n+000454a0: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4249 4f53 2c20 6e65 .. On BIOS, ne\n+000454b0: 7477 6f72 6b20 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 twork is support\n+000454c0: 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2074 6865 2069 ed only if the i\n+000454d0: 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2074 mage is loaded t\n+000454e0: 6872 6f75 6768 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2e20 hrough.network. \n+000454f0: 204f 6e20 7370 6172 6336 342c 2047 5255 On sparc64, GRU\n+00045500: 4220 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 2064 B is unable to d\n+00045510: 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 6368 2073 etermine which s\n+00045520: 6572 7665 7220 6974 2077 6173 0a62 6f6f erver it was.boo\n+00045530: 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4469 ted from... Di\n+00045540: 7265 6374 2041 5441 2f41 4843 4920 7375 rect ATA/AHCI su\n+00045550: 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6f20 pport allows to \n+00045560: 6369 7263 756d 7665 6e74 2076 6172 696f circumvent vario\n+00045570: 7573 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 6c69 6d69 us firmware.limi\n+00045580: 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6973 6e27 tations but isn'\n+00045590: 7420 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206e 6f72 t needed for nor\n+000455a0: 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6578 mal operation ex\n+000455b0: 6365 7074 206f 6e20 6261 7265 6d65 7461 cept on baremeta\n+000455c0: 6c0a 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 5420 l.ports... AT \n+000455d0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 7570 706f 7274 keyboard support\n+000455e0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 allows keyboard\n+000455f0: 206c 6179 6f75 7420 7265 6d61 7070 696e layout remappin\n+00045600: 6720 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f g and support fo\n+00045610: 720a 6b65 7973 206e 6f74 2061 7661 696c r.keys not avail\n+00045620: 6162 6c65 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2066 6972 able through fir\n+00045630: 6d77 6172 652e 2020 4974 2069 736e 2774 mware. It isn't\n+00045640: 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 6e6f 726d needed for norm\n+00045650: 616c 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 al.operation exc\n+00045660: 6570 7420 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c20 706f ept baremetal po\n+00045670: 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2053 7065 616b 6572 rts... Speaker\n+00045680: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d6f 7273 6520 616e allows morse an\n+00045690: 6420 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2063 6f6d 6d75 d spkmodem commu\n+000456a0: 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5553 nication... US\n+000456b0: 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7072 6f76 6964 B support provid\n+000456c0: 6573 2062 656e 6566 6974 7320 7369 6d69 es benefits simi\n+000456d0: 6c61 7220 746f 2041 5441 2028 666f 7220 lar to ATA (for \n+000456e0: 5553 4220 6469 736b 7329 206f 7220 4154 USB disks) or AT\n+000456f0: 0a28 666f 7220 5553 4220 6b65 7962 6f61 .(for USB keyboa\n+00045700: 7264 7329 2e20 2049 6e20 6164 6469 7469 rds). In additi\n+00045710: 6f6e 2069 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2055 5342 on it allows USB\n+00045720: 7365 7269 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 serial... Chai\n+00045730: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2072 6566 6572 7320 nloading refers \n+00045740: 746f 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 to the ability t\n+00045750: 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 o load another b\n+00045760: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 726f 7567 ootloader throug\n+00045770: 680a 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2070 726f 746f h.the same proto\n+00045780: 636f 6c0a 0a20 2020 4869 6e74 7320 616c col.. Hints al\n+00045790: 6c6f 7720 6661 7374 6572 2064 6973 6b20 low faster disk \n+000457a0: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 6279 2061 6c72 discovery by alr\n+000457b0: 6561 6479 206b 6e6f 7769 6e67 2069 6e20 eady knowing in \n+000457c0: 6164 7661 6e63 6520 7768 6963 680a 6973 advance which.is\n+000457d0: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 696e 2071 7565 the disk in que\n+000457e0: 7374 696f 6e2e 2020 4f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 stion. On some \n+000457f0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6869 6e74 7320 platforms hints \n+00045800: 6172 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 756e 6c65 are correct unle\n+00045810: 7373 2079 6f75 0a6d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 ss you.move the \n+00045820: 6469 736b 2062 6574 7765 656e 2062 6f6f disk between boo\n+00045830: 7473 2e20 204f 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 706c ts. On other pl\n+00045840: 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 206a 7573 atforms it's jus\n+00045850: 7420 616e 2065 6475 6361 7465 640a 6775 t an educated.gu\n+00045860: 6573 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ess. Note that \n+00045870: 6869 6e74 2066 6169 6c75 7265 2072 6573 hint failure res\n+00045880: 756c 7473 2069 6e20 6a75 7374 2072 6564 ults in just red\n+00045890: 7563 6564 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 uced performance\n+000458a0: 2c20 6e6f 740a 6120 6661 696c 7572 650a , not.a failure.\n+000458b0: 0a20 2020 4261 6452 414d 2069 7320 7468 . BadRAM is th\n+000458c0: 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 206d 6172 e ability to mar\n+000458d0: 6b20 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 5241 k some of the RA\n+000458e0: 4d20 6173 2022 6261 6422 2e20 204e 6f74 M as \"bad\". Not\n+000458f0: 653a 2064 7565 2074 6f0a 7072 6f74 6f63 e: due to.protoc\n+00045900: 6f6c 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206d ol limitations m\n+00045910: 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 7769 ips-loongson (wi\n+00045920: 7468 204c 696e 7578 2070 726f 746f 636f th Linux protoco\n+00045930: 6c29 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 732d 7165 6d75 l) and.mips-qemu\n+00045940: 5f6d 6970 7320 6361 6e20 7573 6520 6f6e _mips can use on\n+00045950: 6c79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7570 2074 6f20 ly memory up to \n+00045960: 6669 7273 7420 686f 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 first hole... \n+00045970: 426f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 Bootlocation is \n+00045980: 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2047 5255 4220 ability of GRUB \n+00045990: 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 to automatically\n+000459a0: 2064 6574 6563 7420 7768 6572 6520 6974 detect where it\n+000459b0: 0a62 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 2264 .boots from. \"d\n+000459c0: 6973 6b22 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2064 isk\" means the d\n+000459d0: 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 etection is limi\n+000459e0: 7465 6420 746f 2064 6574 6563 7469 6e67 ted to detecting\n+000459f0: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a 7769 7468 2070 the disk.with p\n+00045a00: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6569 6e67 2064 artition being d\n+00045a10: 6973 636f 7665 7265 6420 6f6e 2069 6e73 iscovered on ins\n+00045a20: 7461 6c6c 2074 696d 652e 2020 2270 6172 tall time. \"par\n+00045a30: 7469 7469 6f6e 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 tition\" means th\n+00045a40: 6174 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 7061 7274 at.disk and part\n+00045a50: 6974 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6175 746f iton can be auto\n+00045a60: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6469 7363 6f76 matically discov\n+00045a70: 6572 6564 2e20 2022 6669 6c65 2220 6d65 ered. \"file\" me\n+00045a80: 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a62 6f6f 7420 696d ans that.boot im\n+00045a90: 6167 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6173 age file name as\n+00045aa0: 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2064 6973 6b20 616e well as disk an\n+00045ab0: 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 d partition can \n+00045ac0: 6265 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 0a46 be discovered..F\n+00045ad0: 6f72 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 6379 2c20 or consistency, \n+00045ae0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 default install \n+00045af0: 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f ignores partitio\n+00045b00: 6e20 616e 6420 7265 6c69 6573 2073 6f6c n and relies sol\n+00045b10: 656c 7920 6f6e 0a64 6973 6b20 6465 7465 ely on.disk dete\n+00045b20: 6374 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 626f ction. If no bo\n+00045b30: 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2064 6973 636f otlocation disco\n+00045b40: 7665 7279 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c very is availabl\n+00045b50: 6520 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 640a 6772 e or boot and.gr\n+00045b60: 7562 2d72 6f6f 7420 6469 736b 7320 6172 ub-root disks ar\n+00045b70: 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e 742c 2055 5549 e different, UUI\n+00045b80: 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 D is used instea\n+00045b90: 642e 2020 4f6e 2041 5243 2069 6620 6e6f d. On ARC if no\n+00045ba0: 0a64 6576 6963 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 .device to insta\n+00045bb0: 6c6c 2074 6f20 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 ll to is specifi\n+00045bc0: 6564 2c20 5555 4944 2069 7320 7573 6564 ed, UUID is used\n+00045bd0: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2061 7320 7765 6c6c instead as well\n+00045be0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ... \n+00045bf0: 2020 4249 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n+00045c00: 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 Coreboot \n+00045c10: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2051 Multiboot Q\n+00045c20: 656d 750a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 emu.video \n+00045c30: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045c40: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045c50: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045c60: 7965 730a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 yes.console \n+00045c70: 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00045c80: 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00045c90: 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00045ca0: 4350 3433 370a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 CP437.charset.ne\n+00045cb0: 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 twork yes\n+00045cc0: 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 (*) no \n+00045cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00045ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 no.ATA\n+00045cf0: 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 /AHCI yes \n+00045d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00045d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 5420 yes.AT \n+00045d30: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 keyboard yes \n+00045d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00045d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a53 7065 yes.Spe\n+00045d70: 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 aker yes \n+00045d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00045d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a55 5342 yes.USB\n+00045db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00045dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00045dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6861 yes.cha\n+00045df0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 inloader loca\n+00045e00: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 l yes \n+00045e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 7569 no.cpui\n+00045e30: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 d parti\n+00045e40: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n+00045e50: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n+00045e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a partial.\n+00045e70: 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 rdmsr p\n+00045e80: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n+00045e90: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n+00045ea0: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n+00045eb0: 6961 6c0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 ial.wrmsr \n+00045ec0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00045ed0: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00045ee0: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00045ef0: 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 partial.hints \n+00045f00: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 guess \n+00045f10: 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 guess \n+00045f20: 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+00045f30: 2020 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 4920 2020 guess.PCI \n+00045f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f60: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f70: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6261 6472 616d yes.badram\n+00045f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00045fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045fb0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f 6d70 7265 yes.compre\n+00045fc0: 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2061 6c77 6179 7320 ssion always \n+00045fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f 696e 746c 6573 pointles\n+00045fe0: 7320 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 s no \n+00045ff0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 2020 no.exit \n+00046000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046010: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046020: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046030: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 no.bootloca\n+00046040: 7469 6f6e 2020 2064 6973 6b20 2020 2020 tion disk \n+00046050: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046060: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046070: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.. \n+00046080: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4546 4920 ia32 EFI \n+00046090: 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 3420 4546 4920 amd64 EFI \n+000460a0: 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 2020 2020 2020 ia32 \n+000460b0: 2020 2020 4974 616e 6975 6d0a 2020 2020 Itanium. \n 000460c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 000460d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000460e0: 2020 2020 2020 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a IEEE1275.\n-000460f0: 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 video y\n-00046100: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00046110: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n-00046120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 no.c\n-00046130: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e onsole Un\n-00046140: 6963 6f64 6520 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 icode Uni\n-00046150: 636f 6465 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 code ASCI\n-00046160: 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f I Unico\n-00046170: 6465 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f de.charset.netwo\n-00046180: 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 rk yes \n-00046190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000461a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-000461b0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 5441 2f41 yes.ATA/A\n-000461c0: 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 HCI yes \n-000461d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000461e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-000461f0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 no.AT key\n-00046200: 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 board yes \n-00046210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00046220: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046230: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 no.Speaker\n-00046240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00046250: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046260: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046270: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 no.USB \n-00046280: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046290: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000462a0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000462b0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 no.chainload\n-000462c0: 6572 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 er local \n-000462d0: 2020 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 local \n-000462e0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000462f0: 2020 206c 6f63 616c 0a63 7075 6964 2020 local.cpuid \n-00046300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n-00046310: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n-00046320: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n-00046330: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 no.rdmsr \n-00046340: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n-00046350: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n-00046360: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n-00046370: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 no.wrmsr \n-00046380: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n-00046390: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n-000463a0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n-000463b0: 2020 206e 6f0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 no.hints \n-000463c0: 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-000463d0: 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-000463e0: 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n-000463f0: 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 4920 2020 2020 guess.PCI \n-00046400: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046410: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046420: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046430: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 no.badram \n-00046440: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046450: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046460: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046470: 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 yes.compressi\n-00046480: 6f6e 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 on no \n-00046490: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000464a0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000464b0: 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n-000464c0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000464d0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000464e0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000464f0: 2020 7965 730a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 yes.bootlocati\n-00046500: 6f6e 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 on file \n-00046510: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n-00046520: 2020 2066 696c 652c 2020 2020 2020 2020 file, \n-00046530: 2020 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 file. \n+000460e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4545 4531 3237 IEEE127\n+000460f0: 350a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5.video \n+00046100: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046110: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046120: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046130: 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 .console \n+00046140: 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2020 2020 2020 2055 Unicode U\n+00046150: 6e69 636f 6465 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 nicode AS\n+00046160: 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 CII Uni\n+00046170: 636f 6465 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 code.charset.net\n+00046180: 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 work yes \n+00046190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+000461a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+000461b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 5441 yes.ATA\n+000461c0: 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 /AHCI yes \n+000461d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+000461e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+000461f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b no.AT k\n+00046200: 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 eyboard yes \n+00046210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00046220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b no.Speak\n+00046240: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 er yes \n+00046250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046270: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 no.USB \n+00046280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000462a0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000462b0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f no.chainlo\n+000462c0: 6164 6572 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 ader local \n+000462d0: 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 local \n+000462e0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000462f0: 2020 2020 206c 6f63 616c 0a63 7075 6964 local.cpuid\n+00046300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 partia\n+00046310: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n+00046320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n+00046330: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7264 6d73 7220 no.rdmsr \n+00046340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c partial\n+00046350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n+00046360: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n+00046370: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a77 726d 7372 2020 no.wrmsr \n+00046380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n+00046390: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n+000463a0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n+000463b0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 no.hints \n+000463c0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 guess \n+000463d0: 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 guess \n+000463e0: 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 good \n+000463f0: 2020 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 4920 2020 guess.PCI \n+00046400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046420: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046430: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 no.badram \n+00046440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046450: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046460: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046470: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 yes.compres\n+00046480: 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 sion no \n+00046490: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000464a0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000464b0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 no.exit \n+000464c0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000464d0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000464e0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000464f0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 yes.bootloca\n+00046500: 7469 6f6e 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 tion file \n+00046510: 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 file \n+00046520: 2020 2020 2066 696c 652c 2020 2020 2020 file, \n+00046530: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 file. \n 00046540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00046550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00046560: 2020 2020 6967 6e6f 7265 640a 0a20 2020 ignored.. \n-00046570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6f6e Loon\n-00046580: 6773 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 7263 gson sparc\n-00046590: 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 506f 7765 7270 64 Powerp\n-000465a0: 6320 2020 2020 2020 2041 5243 0a76 6964 c ARC.vid\n-000465b0: 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 eo yes \n-000465c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-000465d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000465e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 no.cons\n-000465f0: 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 204e 2f41 2020 ole N/A \n-00046600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 ASCII \n-00046610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 ASCII \n-00046620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 490a 6368 ASCII.ch\n-00046630: 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 arset.network \n-00046640: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046650: 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 yes (*) \n-00046660: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046670: 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n-00046680: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046690: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466a0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466b0: 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 no.AT keyboard \n-000466c0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000466d0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466e0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466f0: 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 no.Speaker \n-00046700: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046710: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046720: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046730: 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.USB \n-00046740: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046750: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046760: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046770: 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 .chainloader \n-00046780: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-00046790: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-000467a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-000467b0: 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e cpuid n\n-000467c0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-000467d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-000467e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a72 no.r\n-000467f0: 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f dmsr no\n-00046800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00046810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7772 no.wr\n-00046830: 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 msr no \n-00046840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a68 696e no.hin\n-00046870: 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 ts good\n-00046880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 good \n-00046890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 good \n-000468a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5043 4920 no.PCI \n-000468b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-000468c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-000468d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-000468e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 no.badra\n-000468f0: 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a m yes (*\n-00046900: 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 ) no \n-00046910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046920: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 7265 no.compre\n-00046930: 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ssion configu\n-00046940: 7261 626c 6520 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 rable no \n-00046950: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046960: 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 configurab\n-00046970: 6c65 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 le.exit \n-00046980: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046990: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000469a0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-000469b0: 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 es.bootlocation \n-000469c0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469d0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 partition \n-000469e0: 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 file f\n-000469f0: 696c 6520 282a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ile (*).. \n-00046a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d49 5053 2071 656d MIPS qem\n-00046a10: 7520 2020 2020 2065 6d75 2020 2020 2020 u emu \n-00046a20: 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e0a 7669 6465 6f20 xen.video \n-00046a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00046a50: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c no.consol\n-00046a60: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 e CP437 \n-00046a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 Unicode \n-00046a80: 282a 2920 2020 2041 5343 4949 0a63 6861 (*) ASCII.cha\n-00046a90: 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 rset.network \n-00046aa0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ab0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046ac0: 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n-00046ad0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046ae0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046af0: 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 no.AT keyboard\n-00046b00: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046b10: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046b20: 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 no.Speaker \n-00046b30: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046b40: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046b50: 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n-00046b60: 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n-00046b70: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046b80: 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 no.chainloader\n-00046b90: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046ba0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046bb0: 2020 7965 730a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 yes.cpuid \n-00046bc0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046bd0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046be0: 2020 2079 6573 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 yes.rdmsr \n-00046bf0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c00: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c10: 2020 2020 7965 730a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 yes.wrmsr \n-00046c20: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c30: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c40: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a68 696e 7473 2020 yes.hints \n-00046c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 guess \n-00046c60: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c70: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 4349 2020 2020 no.PCI \n-00046c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c90: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ca0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 no.badram \n-00046cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 yes (*) \n-00046cc0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046cd0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 no.compres\n-00046ce0: 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 sion configur\n-00046cf0: 6162 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 able no \n-00046d00: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 2020 no.exit \n-00046d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046d20: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046d30: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 no.bootloc\n-00046d40: 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 ation no \n-00046d50: 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 file \n-00046d60: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 no....File\n-00046d70: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00046d80: 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 de: Platform-spe\n-00046d90: 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 cific operations\n-00046da0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 7570 706f 7274 , Next: Support\n-00046db0: 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 2050 7265 ed kernels, Pre\n-00046dc0: 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 v: Platform limi\n-00046dd0: 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f tations, Up: To\n-00046de0: 700a 0a32 3120 4f75 746c 696e 650a 2a2a p..21 Outline.**\n-00046df0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f 6d65 2070 ********..Some p\n-00046e00: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 6665 latforms have fe\n-00046e10: 6174 7572 6573 2077 6869 6368 2061 6c6c atures which all\n-00046e20: 6f77 7320 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 ows to implement\n-00046e30: 2073 6f6d 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a75 some commands.u\n-00046e40: 7365 6c65 7373 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 696d seless or not im\n-00046e50: 706c 656d 656e 7461 626c 6520 6f6e 206f plementable on o\n-00046e60: 7468 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2051 7569 636b thers... Quick\n-00046e70: 2073 756d 6d61 7279 3a0a 0a20 2020 496e summary:.. In\n-00046e80: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7265 7472 6965 formation retrie\n-00046e90: 7661 6c3a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 val:.. ... mip\n-00046ea0: 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 3a20 6c73 sel-loongson: ls\n-00046eb0: 7370 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 732d spd. ... mips-\n-00046ec0: 6172 633a 206c 7364 6576 0a20 2020 e280 arc: lsdev. ..\n-00046ed0: a220 6566 693a 206c 7365 6669 7379 7374 . efi: lsefisyst\n-00046ee0: 6162 2c20 6c73 7361 6c2c 206c 7365 6669 ab, lssal, lsefi\n-00046ef0: 6d6d 6170 2c20 6c73 6566 690a 2020 20e2 mmap, lsefi. .\n-00046f00: 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6c73 6170 .. i386-pc: lsap\n-00046f10: 6d0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 636f m. ... i386-co\n-00046f20: 7265 626f 6f74 3a20 6c73 636f 7265 626f reboot: lscorebo\n-00046f30: 6f74 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f ot, coreboot_boo\n-00046f40: 7474 696d 652c 2063 626d 656d 630a 2020 ttime, cbmemc. \n-00046f50: 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 692d 656e 6162 6c65 ... acpi-enable\n-00046f60: 6420 2869 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 d (i386-pc, i386\n-00046f70: 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d -coreboot, i386-\n-00046f80: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6669 multiboot, *-efi\n-00046f90: 293a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 6163 7069 0a0a ):. lsacpi..\n-00046fa0: 2020 2057 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6473 2066 Workarounds f\n-00046fb0: 6f72 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 or platform-spec\n-00046fc0: 6966 6963 2069 7373 7565 733a 0a20 2020 ific issues:. \n-00046fd0: e280 a220 6933 3836 2d65 6669 2f78 3836 ... i386-efi/x86\n-00046fe0: 5f36 342d 6566 693a 206c 6f61 6462 696f _64-efi: loadbio\n-00046ff0: 732c 2066 616b 6562 696f 732c 2066 6978 s, fakebios, fix\n-00047000: 5f76 6964 656f 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6163 _video. ... ac\n-00047010: 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 2028 6933 3836 pi-enabled (i386\n-00047020: 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f -pc, i386-corebo\n-00047030: 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f ot, i386-multibo\n-00047040: 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 3a20 6163 7069 ot, *-efi): acpi\n-00047050: 0a20 2020 2020 286f 7665 7272 6964 6520 . (override \n-00047060: 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 7329 0a20 2020 ACPI tables). \n-00047070: e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2064 7269 ... i386-pc: dri\n-00047080: 7665 6d61 700a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 vemap. ... i38\n-00047090: 362d 7063 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 0a20 6-pc: sendkey.. \n-000470a0: 2020 4164 7661 6e63 6564 206f 7065 7261 Advanced opera\n-000470b0: 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 706f 7765 7220 tions for power \n-000470c0: 7573 6572 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7838 users:. ... x8\n-000470d0: 363a 2069 6f72 7720 2864 6972 6563 7420 6: iorw (direct \n-000470e0: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 492f 4f20 706f access to I/O po\n-000470f0: 7274 7329 0a0a 2020 204d 6973 6365 6c61 rts).. Miscela\n-00047100: 6e65 6f75 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 636d neous:. ... cm\n-00047110: 6f73 2028 7838 362d 2a2c 2069 6565 6531 os (x86-*, ieee1\n-00047120: 3237 352c 206d 6970 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 275, mips-qemu_m\n-00047130: 6970 732c 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 ips, mips-loongs\n-00047140: 6f6e 293a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2020 on): cmostest. \n-00047150: 2020 2028 7573 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 (used on some\n-00047160: 206c 6170 746f 7073 2074 6f20 6368 6563 laptops to chec\n-00047170: 6b20 666f 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 706f k for special po\n-00047180: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 292c 2063 6d6f wer-on key), cmo\n-00047190: 7363 6c65 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 sclean. ... i3\n-000471a0: 3836 2d70 633a 2070 6c61 790a 0a1f 0a46 86-pc: play....F\n-000471b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000471c0: 204e 6f64 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 Node: Supported\n-000471d0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a kernels, Next:\n-000471e0: 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 Troubleshooting\n-000471f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 , Prev: Platfor\n-00047200: 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 m-specific opera\n-00047210: 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a tions, Up: Top.\n-00047220: 0a32 3220 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 626f .22 Supported bo\n-00047230: 6f74 2074 6172 6765 7473 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a ot targets.*****\n+00046560: 2020 2020 2020 6967 6e6f 7265 640a 0a20 ignored.. \n+00046570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n+00046580: 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 ongson spa\n+00046590: 7263 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 506f 7765 rc64 Powe\n+000465a0: 7270 6320 2020 2020 2020 2041 5243 0a76 rpc ARC.v\n+000465b0: 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ideo ye\n+000465c0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n+000465d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+000465e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f no.co\n+000465f0: 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 204e 2f41 nsole N/A\n+00046600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 ASCI\n+00046610: 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 I ASCII\n+00046620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 490a ASCII.\n+00046630: 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 charset.network \n+00046640: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046650: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 yes (*) \n+00046660: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046670: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 no.ATA/AHCI \n+00046680: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046690: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000466a0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000466b0: 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 no.AT keyboar\n+000466c0: 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 d yes \n+000466d0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000466e0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000466f0: 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 no.Speaker \n+00046700: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046710: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046720: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046730: 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n+00046740: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046750: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046760: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046770: 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 no.chainloader \n+00046780: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046790: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467a0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+000467b0: 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.cpuid \n+000467c0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467d0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+000467e0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+000467f0: 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .rdmsr \n+00046800: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046810: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+00046830: 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e wrmsr n\n+00046840: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00046860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a68 no.h\n+00046870: 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f ints go\n+00046880: 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f od goo\n+00046890: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 d good\n+000468a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5043 no.PC\n+000468b0: 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 I yes\n+000468c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+000468d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+000468e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 no.bad\n+000468f0: 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ram yes \n+00046900: 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 (*) no \n+00046910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 no.comp\n+00046930: 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 ression confi\n+00046940: 6775 7261 626c 6520 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 gurable no \n+00046950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 configur\n+00046970: 6162 6c65 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 able.exit \n+00046980: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046990: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000469a0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000469b0: 2079 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f yes.bootlocatio\n+000469c0: 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n no \n+000469d0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2020 2020 partition \n+000469e0: 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+000469f0: 2066 696c 6520 282a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 file (*).. \n+00046a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d49 5053 2071 MIPS q\n+00046a10: 656d 7520 2020 2020 2065 6d75 2020 2020 emu emu \n+00046a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e0a 7669 6465 xen.vide\n+00046a30: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 o no \n+00046a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00046a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 no.cons\n+00046a60: 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 ole CP437\n+00046a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 Unicod\n+00046a80: 6520 282a 2920 2020 2041 5343 4949 0a63 e (*) ASCII.c\n+00046a90: 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 harset.network \n+00046aa0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ab0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046ac0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 no.ATA/AHCI \n+00046ad0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046ae0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046af0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 no.AT keyboa\n+00046b00: 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 rd yes \n+00046b10: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b20: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 no.Speaker \n+00046b30: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b40: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b50: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n+00046b60: 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n+00046b70: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046b80: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 no.chainload\n+00046b90: 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 er yes \n+00046ba0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046bb0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 6370 7569 6420 2020 yes.cpuid \n+00046bc0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046bd0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046be0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a72 646d 7372 2020 yes.rdmsr \n+00046bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c00: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c10: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 7772 6d73 7220 yes.wrmsr \n+00046c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c40: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a68 696e 7473 yes.hints\n+00046c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 guess \n+00046c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 4349 2020 no.PCI \n+00046c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 no.badra\n+00046cb0: 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a m yes (*\n+00046cc0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 ) no \n+00046cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7072 no.compr\n+00046ce0: 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 ession config\n+00046cf0: 7572 6162 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 urable no \n+00046d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 no.exit \n+00046d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6f6f 746c no.bootl\n+00046d40: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 ocation no \n+00046d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 file \n+00046d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 1f0a 4669 no....Fi\n+00046d70: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00046d80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 Node: Platform-s\n+00046d90: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f pecific operatio\n+00046da0: 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 7570 706f ns, Next: Suppo\n+00046db0: 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 2050 rted kernels, P\n+00046dc0: 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 rev: Platform li\n+00046dd0: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 mitations, Up: \n+00046de0: 546f 700a 0a32 3120 4f75 746c 696e 650a Top..21 Outline.\n+00046df0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f 6d65 **********..Some\n+00046e00: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 platforms have \n+00046e10: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2077 6869 6368 2061 features which a\n+00046e20: 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 llows to impleme\n+00046e30: 6e74 2073 6f6d 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nt some commands\n+00046e40: 0a75 7365 6c65 7373 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 .useless or not \n+00046e50: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 626c 6520 6f6e implementable on\n+00046e60: 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2051 7569 others... Qui\n+00046e70: 636b 2073 756d 6d61 7279 3a0a 0a20 2020 ck summary:.. \n+00046e80: 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7265 7472 Information retr\n+00046e90: 6965 7661 6c3a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d ieval:.. ... m\n+00046ea0: 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 3a20 ipsel-loongson: \n+00046eb0: 6c73 7370 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 lsspd. ... mip\n+00046ec0: 732d 6172 633a 206c 7364 6576 0a20 2020 s-arc: lsdev. \n+00046ed0: e280 a220 6566 693a 206c 7365 6669 7379 ... efi: lsefisy\n+00046ee0: 7374 6162 2c20 6c73 7361 6c2c 206c 7365 stab, lssal, lse\n+00046ef0: 6669 6d6d 6170 2c20 6c73 6566 690a 2020 fimmap, lsefi. \n+00046f00: 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6c73 ... i386-pc: ls\n+00046f10: 6170 6d0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d apm. ... i386-\n+00046f20: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 3a20 6c73 636f 7265 coreboot: lscore\n+00046f30: 626f 6f74 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 boot, coreboot_b\n+00046f40: 6f6f 7474 696d 652c 2063 626d 656d 630a oottime, cbmemc.\n+00046f50: 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 692d 656e 6162 ... acpi-enab\n+00046f60: 6c65 6420 2869 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 led (i386-pc, i3\n+00046f70: 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 86-coreboot, i38\n+00046f80: 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6-multiboot, *-e\n+00046f90: 6669 293a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 6163 7069 fi):. lsacpi\n+00046fa0: 0a0a 2020 2057 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6473 .. Workarounds\n+00046fb0: 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 for platform-sp\n+00046fc0: 6563 6966 6963 2069 7373 7565 733a 0a20 ecific issues:. \n+00046fd0: 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d65 6669 2f78 ... i386-efi/x\n+00046fe0: 3836 5f36 342d 6566 693a 206c 6f61 6462 86_64-efi: loadb\n+00046ff0: 696f 732c 2066 616b 6562 696f 732c 2066 ios, fakebios, f\n+00047000: 6978 5f76 6964 656f 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ix_video. ... \n+00047010: 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 2028 6933 acpi-enabled (i3\n+00047020: 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 86-pc, i386-core\n+00047030: 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 boot, i386-multi\n+00047040: 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 3a20 6163 boot, *-efi): ac\n+00047050: 7069 0a20 2020 2020 286f 7665 7272 6964 pi. (overrid\n+00047060: 6520 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 7329 0a20 e ACPI tables). \n+00047070: 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2064 ... i386-pc: d\n+00047080: 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 rivemap. ... i\n+00047090: 3338 362d 7063 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 386-pc: sendkey.\n+000470a0: 0a20 2020 4164 7661 6e63 6564 206f 7065 . Advanced ope\n+000470b0: 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 706f 7765 rations for powe\n+000470c0: 7220 7573 6572 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 r users:. ... \n+000470d0: 7838 363a 2069 6f72 7720 2864 6972 6563 x86: iorw (direc\n+000470e0: 7420 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 492f 4f20 t access to I/O \n+000470f0: 706f 7274 7329 0a0a 2020 204d 6973 6365 ports).. Misce\n+00047100: 6c61 6e65 6f75 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 laneous:. ... \n+00047110: 636d 6f73 2028 7838 362d 2a2c 2069 6565 cmos (x86-*, iee\n+00047120: 6531 3237 352c 206d 6970 732d 7165 6d75 e1275, mips-qemu\n+00047130: 5f6d 6970 732c 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e _mips, mips-loon\n+00047140: 6773 6f6e 293a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a gson): cmostest.\n+00047150: 2020 2020 2028 7573 6564 206f 6e20 736f (used on so\n+00047160: 6d65 206c 6170 746f 7073 2074 6f20 6368 me laptops to ch\n+00047170: 6563 6b20 666f 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 eck for special \n+00047180: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 292c 2063 power-on key), c\n+00047190: 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 mosclean. ... \n+000471a0: 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2070 6c61 790a 0a1f i386-pc: play...\n+000471b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000471c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 , Node: Support\n+000471d0: 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 ed kernels, Nex\n+000471e0: 743a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 t: Troubleshooti\n+000471f0: 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 ng, Prev: Platf\n+00047200: 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 orm-specific ope\n+00047210: 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f rations, Up: To\n+00047220: 700a 0a32 3220 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 p..22 Supported \n+00047230: 626f 6f74 2074 6172 6765 7473 0a2a 2a2a boot targets.***\n 00047240: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00047250: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5838 3620 7375 7070 6f72 ****..X86 suppor\n-00047260: 7420 6973 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7365 6420 t is summarised \n-00047270: 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 in the following\n-00047280: 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 2022 5965 7322 206d table. \"Yes\" m\n-00047290: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 6b65 eans that the.ke\n-000472a0: 726e 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 206f 6e20 7468 rnel works on th\n-000472b0: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d e given platform\n-000472c0: 2c20 2263 7261 7368 6573 2220 6d65 616e , \"crashes\" mean\n-000472d0: 7320 616e 2065 6172 6c79 206b 6572 6e65 s an early kerne\n-000472e0: 6c0a 6372 6173 6820 7768 6963 6820 7765 l.crash which we\n-000472f0: 2068 6f70 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6669 hope will be fi\n-00047300: 7865 6420 6279 2063 6f6e 6365 726e 6564 xed by concerned\n-00047310: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 kernel develope\n-00047320: 7273 2e20 2022 6e6f 220a 6d65 616e 7320 rs. \"no\".means \n-00047330: 4752 5542 2064 6f65 736e 2774 206c 6f61 GRUB doesn't loa\n-00047340: 6420 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 726e d the given kern\n-00047350: 656c 206f 6e20 6120 6769 7665 6e20 706c el on a given pl\n-00047360: 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2268 6561 646c 6573 atform..\"headles\n-00047370: 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 s\" means that th\n-00047380: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 2062 e kernel works b\n-00047390: 7574 206c 6163 6b73 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 ut lacks console\n-000473a0: 2064 7269 7665 7273 2028 796f 750a 6361 drivers (you.ca\n-000473b0: 6e20 7374 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7365 7269 n still use seri\n-000473c0: 616c 206f 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 636f al or network co\n-000473d0: 6e73 6f6c 6529 2e20 2049 6e20 6361 7365 nsole). In case\n-000473e0: 206f 6620 226e 6f22 2061 6e64 2022 6372 of \"no\" and \"cr\n-000473f0: 6173 6865 7322 0a74 6865 2072 6561 736f ashes\".the reaso\n-00047400: 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2069 6e20 666f n is given in fo\n-00047410: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 otnote.. \n+00047250: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5838 3620 7375 7070 ******..X86 supp\n+00047260: 6f72 7420 6973 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7365 ort is summarise\n+00047270: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 d in the followi\n+00047280: 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 2022 5965 7322 ng table. \"Yes\"\n+00047290: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a means that the.\n+000472a0: 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 206f 6e20 kernel works on \n+000472b0: 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f the given platfo\n+000472c0: 726d 2c20 2263 7261 7368 6573 2220 6d65 rm, \"crashes\" me\n+000472d0: 616e 7320 616e 2065 6172 6c79 206b 6572 ans an early ker\n+000472e0: 6e65 6c0a 6372 6173 6820 7768 6963 6820 nel.crash which \n+000472f0: 7765 2068 6f70 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 we hope will be \n+00047300: 6669 7865 6420 6279 2063 6f6e 6365 726e fixed by concern\n+00047310: 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6465 7665 6c6f ed kernel develo\n+00047320: 7065 7273 2e20 2022 6e6f 220a 6d65 616e pers. \"no\".mean\n+00047330: 7320 4752 5542 2064 6f65 736e 2774 206c s GRUB doesn't l\n+00047340: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 oad the given ke\n+00047350: 726e 656c 206f 6e20 6120 6769 7665 6e20 rnel on a given \n+00047360: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2268 6561 646c platform..\"headl\n+00047370: 6573 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 ess\" means that \n+00047380: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 the kernel works\n+00047390: 2062 7574 206c 6163 6b73 2063 6f6e 736f but lacks conso\n+000473a0: 6c65 2064 7269 7665 7273 2028 796f 750a le drivers (you.\n+000473b0: 6361 6e20 7374 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7365 can still use se\n+000473c0: 7269 616c 206f 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 rial or network \n+000473d0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2e20 2049 6e20 6361 console). In ca\n+000473e0: 7365 206f 6620 226e 6f22 2061 6e64 2022 se of \"no\" and \"\n+000473f0: 6372 6173 6865 7322 0a74 6865 2072 6561 crashes\".the rea\n+00047400: 736f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2069 6e20 son is given in \n+00047410: 666f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 footnote.. \n 00047420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 494f BIO\n-00047440: 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f S Co\n-00047450: 7265 626f 6f74 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 reboot.BIOS chai\n-00047460: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloading \n-00047470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00047480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00047490: 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 (1).NTLDR \n+00047430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 B\n+00047440: 494f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 IOS \n+00047450: 436f 7265 626f 6f74 0a42 494f 5320 6368 Coreboot.BIOS ch\n+00047460: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 ainloading \n+00047470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047480: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e s n\n+00047490: 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 o (1).NTLDR \n 000474a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000474b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000474c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-000474d0: 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Plan9 \n+000474b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+000474c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+000474d0: 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 1).Plan9 \n 000474e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000474f0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047500: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 no (1).Fr\n-00047510: 6565 646f 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eedos \n+000474f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00047500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00047510: 4672 6565 646f 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 Freedos \n 00047520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047530: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047540: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 no (1).FreeB\n-00047550: 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 SD bootloader \n+00047530: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047540: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 no (1).Fre\n+00047550: 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 eBSD bootloader \n 00047560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047570: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047580: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d crashes (1).32-\n-00047590: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 bit kFreeBSD \n+00047570: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047580: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 crashes (1).3\n+00047590: 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2-bit kFreeBSD \n 000475a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000475b0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000475c0: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 crashes (5).6\n-000475d0: 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 4-bit kFreeBSD \n+000475b0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000475c0: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 crashes (5)\n+000475d0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 .64-bit kFreeBSD\n 000475e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000475f0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047600: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 crashes (5)\n-00047610: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 .32-bit kNetBSD \n-00047620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047630: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047640: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-00047650: 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 1).64-bit kNetBS\n-00047660: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-00047670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00047680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n-00047690: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 .32-bit kOpenBSD\n-000476a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000476b0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000476c0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 yes.64-bi\n-000476d0: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kOpenBSD \n+000475f0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047600: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n+00047610: 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 5).32-bit kNetBS\n+00047620: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00047630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00047640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n+00047650: 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 (1).64-bit kNet\n+00047660: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00047670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00047680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n+00047690: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 es.32-bit kOpenB\n+000476a0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+000476b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000476c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d yes.64-\n+000476d0: 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 bit kOpenBSD \n 000476e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000476f0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047700: 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 yes.Multiboot \n+000476f0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047700: 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 yes.Multiboot\n 00047710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00047730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d yes.M\n-00047740: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot2 \n+00047720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00047730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047740: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 .Multiboot2 \n 00047750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047760: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047770: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 yes.32-bit \n-00047780: 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 Linux (legacy pr\n-00047790: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 otocol) ye\n-000477a0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e s n\n-000477b0: 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e o (1).64-bit Lin\n-000477c0: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n-000477d0: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 col) yes \n-000477e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-000477f0: 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 1).32-bit Linux \n-00047800: 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (modern protocol\n-00047810: 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ) yes \n-00047820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d yes.64-\n-00047830: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 bit Linux (moder\n-00047840: 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 n protocol) \n-00047850: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047860: 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e yes.32-bit XN\n-00047870: 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 U \n-00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00047890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 ?.6\n-000478a0: 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 4-bit XNU \n+00047760: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047770: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 yes.32-bi\n+00047780: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 t Linux (legacy \n+00047790: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+000477a0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000477b0: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c no (1).64-bit L\n+000477c0: 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f inux (legacy pro\n+000477d0: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 tocol) yes\n+000477e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+000477f0: 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 (1).32-bit Linu\n+00047800: 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 x (modern protoc\n+00047810: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 ol) yes \n+00047820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 yes.6\n+00047830: 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 4-bit Linux (mod\n+00047840: 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 ern protocol) \n+00047850: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047860: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 yes.32-bit \n+00047870: 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n+00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047890: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f s ?\n+000478a0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 .64-bit XNU \n 000478b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000478c0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000478d0: 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 ?.32-bit EF\n-000478e0: 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 I chainloader \n-000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00047900: 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2) no \n-00047910: 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 (2).64-bit EFI c\n-00047920: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 hainloader \n-00047930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 no (2) \n-00047940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n-00047950: 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 .Appleloader \n+000478c0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000478d0: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 ?.32-bit \n+000478e0: 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 EFI chainloader \n+000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00047900: 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (2) n\n+00047910: 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 o (2).64-bit EFI\n+00047920: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 chainloader \n+00047930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n+00047940: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+00047950: 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2).Appleloader \n 00047960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047970: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047980: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 no (2).. \n-00047990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 no (2) \n+00047980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n+00047990: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 000479a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000479b0: 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 Multiboot \n-000479c0: 2020 2020 2051 656d 750a 4249 4f53 2063 Qemu.BIOS c\n-000479d0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 hainloading \n-000479e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-000479f0: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n-00047a00: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n+000479b0: 2020 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 Multiboot \n+000479c0: 2020 2020 2020 2051 656d 750a 4249 4f53 Qemu.BIOS\n+000479d0: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 chainloading \n+000479e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000479f0: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047a00: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n 00047a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00047a30: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n-00047a40: 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 (1).Plan9 \n+00047a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00047a30: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n+00047a40: 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 o (1).Plan9 \n 00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 no (1) \n-00047a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00047a80: 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 .FreeDOS \n+00047a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00047a70: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+00047a80: 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 1).FreeDOS \n 00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047aa0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047ab0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 no (1).Fr\n-00047ac0: 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 eeBSD bootloader\n-00047ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047ae0: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 crashes (1) \n-00047af0: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a crashes (1).\n-00047b00: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 32-bit kFreeBSD \n-00047b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047b20: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 crashes (5)\n-00047b30: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 crashes (5\n-00047b40: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 ).64-bit kFreeBS\n-00047b50: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-00047b60: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-00047b70: 3529 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 5) crashes \n-00047b80: 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 (5).32-bit kNetB\n-00047b90: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-00047ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n-00047bb0: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 (1) crashe\n-00047bc0: 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 s (1).64-bit kNe\n-00047bd0: 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tBSD \n-00047be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00047bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-00047c00: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 32-bit kOpenBSD \n-00047c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c20: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047c30: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 yes.64-bit\n-00047c40: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n-00047c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047c60: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00047c70: 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 yes.Multiboot \n+00047aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 no (1) \n+00047ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00047ac0: 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 FreeBSD bootload\n+00047ad0: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n+00047ae0: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n+00047af0: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n+00047b00: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 ).32-bit kFreeBS\n+00047b10: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00047b20: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n+00047b30: 3529 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 5) crashes \n+00047b40: 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 (5).64-bit kFree\n+00047b50: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00047b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n+00047b70: 2028 3529 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 (5) crashe\n+00047b80: 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 s (5).32-bit kNe\n+00047b90: 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tBSD \n+00047ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n+00047bb0: 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 es (1) cras\n+00047bc0: 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b hes (1).64-bit k\n+00047bd0: 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NetBSD \n+00047be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047c00: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 s.32-bit kOpenBS\n+00047c10: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00047c20: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 yes.64-b\n+00047c40: 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kOpenBSD \n+00047c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047c60: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047c70: 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 yes.Multiboot \n 00047c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00047ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 yes.Mu\n-00047cb0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 ltiboot2 \n+00047c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00047ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00047cb0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot2 \n 00047cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047cd0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047ce0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c yes.32-bit L\n-00047cf0: 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f inux (legacy pro\n-00047d00: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 tocol) no \n-00047d10: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n-00047d20: 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 (1).64-bit Linu\n-00047d30: 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 x (legacy protoc\n-00047d40: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 ol) no (1)\n-00047d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-00047d60: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ).32-bit Linux (\n-00047d70: 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 modern protocol)\n-00047d80: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 yes.64-b\n-00047da0: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e it Linux (modern\n-00047db0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00047dc0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047dd0: 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 yes.32-bit XNU\n-00047de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 ? \n-00047e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 ?.64\n-00047e10: 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 -bit XNU \n+00047cd0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047ce0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n+00047cf0: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 Linux (legacy p\n+00047d00: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e rotocol) n\n+00047d10: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n+00047d20: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 no (1).64-bit Li\n+00047d30: 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 nux (legacy prot\n+00047d40: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ocol) no (\n+00047d50: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n+00047d60: 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 (1).32-bit Linux\n+00047d70: 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f (modern protoco\n+00047d80: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 l) yes \n+00047d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 yes.64\n+00047da0: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 -bit Linux (mode\n+00047db0: 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 rn protocol) \n+00047dc0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047dd0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 yes.32-bit X\n+00047de0: 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NU \n+00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 ? \n+00047e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n+00047e10: 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 64-bit XNU \n 00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e30: 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00047e40: 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 ?.32-bit EFI\n-00047e50: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 chainloader \n-00047e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n-00047e70: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n-00047e80: 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 2).64-bit EFI ch\n-00047e90: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ainloader \n-00047ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 no (2) \n-00047eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n-00047ec0: 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 Appleloader \n+00047e30: 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00047e40: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 ?.32-bit E\n+00047e50: 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 FI chainloader \n+00047e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00047e70: 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (2) no\n+00047e80: 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 (2).64-bit EFI \n+00047e90: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 chainloader \n+00047ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n+00047eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n+00047ec0: 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 ).Appleloader \n 00047ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047ee0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047ef0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 no (2).. \n+00047ee0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 no (2) \n+00047ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a no (2)..\n 00047f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00047f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f20: 2020 2069 6133 3220 4546 4920 2020 2020 ia32 EFI \n-00047f30: 2020 2020 616d 6436 3420 4546 490a 4249 amd64 EFI.BI\n-00047f40: 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 OS chainloading \n-00047f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f60: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047f70: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 no (1).NTLDR\n-00047f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047f20: 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4546 4920 2020 ia32 EFI \n+00047f30: 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 3420 4546 490a amd64 EFI.\n+00047f40: 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e BIOS chainloadin\n+00047f50: 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g \n+00047f60: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047f70: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c no (1).NTL\n+00047f80: 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 DR \n 00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047fa0: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047fb0: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n+00047fa0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047fb0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 no (1).Plan9 \n 00047fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00047fe0: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n-00047ff0: 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 (1).FreeDOS \n+00047fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+00047fe0: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n+00047ff0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 no (1).FreeDOS \n 00048000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00048020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-00048030: 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f ).FreeBSD bootlo\n-00048040: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-00048050: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-00048060: 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 1) crashes \n-00048070: 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 (1).32-bit kFree\n-00048080: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-00048090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 headles\n-000480a0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 s headle\n-000480b0: 7373 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 ss.64-bit kFreeB\n-000480c0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-000480d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 headless\n-000480e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 headles\n-000480f0: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 s.32-bit kNetBSD\n-00048100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048110: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-00048120: 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 1) crashes \n-00048130: 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 (1).64-bit kNetB\n-00048140: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-00048150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00048160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n-00048170: 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 -bit kOpenBSD \n+00048010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00048020: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n+00048030: 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 (1).FreeBSD boot\n+00048040: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+00048050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n+00048060: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 (1) crashe\n+00048070: 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 s (1).32-bit kFr\n+00048080: 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeBSD \n+00048090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c headl\n+000480a0: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 ess head\n+000480b0: 6c65 7373 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 less.64-bit kFre\n+000480c0: 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eBSD \n+000480d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 headle\n+000480e0: 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c ss headl\n+000480f0: 6573 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 ess.32-bit kNetB\n+00048100: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+00048110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n+00048120: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 (1) crashe\n+00048130: 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 s (1).64-bit kNe\n+00048140: 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tBSD \n+00048150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00048160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00048170: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 32-bit kOpenBSD \n 00048180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048190: 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 headless \n-000481a0: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 342d headless.64-\n-000481b0: 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 bit kOpenBSD \n+00048190: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 headless \n+000481a0: 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 headless.6\n+000481b0: 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 4-bit kOpenBSD \n 000481c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000481d0: 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 headless \n-000481e0: 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 4d75 6c74 headless.Mult\n-000481f0: 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot \n+000481d0: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 headless \n+000481e0: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 4d75 headless.Mu\n+000481f0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 ltiboot \n 00048200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048210: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048220: 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 yes.Multiboot2\n-00048230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00048250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-00048260: 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 32-bit Linux (le\n-00048270: 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 gacy protocol) \n-00048280: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048290: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d no (1).64-\n-000482a0: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 bit Linux (legac\n-000482b0: 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 y protocol) \n-000482c0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-000482d0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 no (1).32-bit\n-000482e0: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 Linux (modern p\n-000482f0: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 rotocol) y\n-00048300: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00048310: 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 yes.64-bit Linux\n-00048320: 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f (modern protoco\n-00048330: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 l) yes \n-00048340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n-00048350: 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 -bit XNU \n+00048210: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048220: 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f yes.Multiboo\n+00048230: 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t2 \n+00048240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00048250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00048260: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 s.32-bit Linux (\n+00048270: 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 legacy protocol)\n+00048280: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n+00048290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 no (1).6\n+000482a0: 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 4-bit Linux (leg\n+000482b0: 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 acy protocol) \n+000482c0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+000482d0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 no (1).32-b\n+000482e0: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e it Linux (modern\n+000482f0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+00048300: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048310: 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e yes.64-bit Lin\n+00048320: 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f ux (modern proto\n+00048330: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 col) yes \n+00048340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00048350: 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 32-bit XNU \n 00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048370: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048380: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 yes.64-bit X\n-00048390: 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NU \n-000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-000483b0: 2028 3429 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 (4) ye\n-000483c0: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 s.32-bit EFI cha\n-000483d0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 inloader \n-000483e0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000483f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 0a36 no (3).6\n-00048400: 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 4-bit EFI chainl\n-00048410: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n-00048420: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 2020 2020 2020 no (3) \n-00048430: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f yes.Applelo\n-00048440: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-00048450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00048460: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-00048470: 6573 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es.. \n+00048370: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048380: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 yes.64-bit\n+00048390: 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n+000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+000483b0: 6573 2028 3429 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es (4) \n+000483c0: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 yes.32-bit EFI c\n+000483d0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 hainloader \n+000483e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+000483f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 no (3)\n+00048400: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 .64-bit EFI chai\n+00048410: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloader \n+00048420: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 2020 2020 no (3) \n+00048430: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 7070 6c65 yes.Apple\n+00048440: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+00048450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048460: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048470: 2079 6573 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes.. \n 00048480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4945 ia32 IE\n-000484a0: 4545 3132 3735 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 EE1275.BIOS chai\n-000484b0: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloading \n-000484c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-000484d0: 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 1).NTLDR \n+00048490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 ia32 \n+000484a0: 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a42 494f 5320 6368 IEEE1275.BIOS ch\n+000484b0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 ainloading \n+000484c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+000484d0: 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 (1).NTLDR \n 000484e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000484f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 no (1).P\n-00048500: 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lan9 \n+000484f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00048500: 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Plan9 \n 00048510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048520: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 no (1).FreeD\n-00048530: 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 OS \n+00048520: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 no (1).Fre\n+00048530: 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eDOS \n 00048540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048550: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 no (1).FreeBSD b\n-00048560: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ootloader \n-00048570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n-00048580: 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b hes (1).32-bit k\n-00048590: 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeBSD \n-000485a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-000485b0: 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 shes (5).64-bit \n-000485c0: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n-000485d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n-000485e0: 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 ashes (5).32-bit\n-000485f0: 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-00048600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n-00048610: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 rashes (1).64-bi\n-00048620: 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 t kNetBSD \n+00048550: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 no (1).FreeBSD\n+00048560: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 bootloader \n+00048570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n+00048580: 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 ashes (1).32-bit\n+00048590: 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n+000485a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+000485b0: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 rashes (5).64-bi\n+000485c0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kFreeBSD \n+000485d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000485e0: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 crashes (5).32-b\n+000485f0: 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 it kNetBSD \n+00048600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048610: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d crashes (1).64-\n+00048620: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 bit kNetBSD \n 00048630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048640: 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 ?.32-bit kOpenBS\n-00048650: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-00048660: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 ?.64-bit \n-00048670: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n-00048680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n-00048690: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot \n+00048640: 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e ?.32-bit kOpen\n+00048650: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00048660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 ?.64-bi\n+00048670: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kOpenBSD \n+00048680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048690: 3f0a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 ?.Multiboot \n 000486a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486b0: 2020 2020 203f 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 ?.Multiboot\n-000486c0: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2 \n-000486d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 ?.32\n-000486e0: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 -bit Linux (lega\n-000486f0: 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 cy protocol) \n-00048700: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 no (1).64-bit\n-00048710: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 Linux (legacy p\n-00048720: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e rotocol) n\n-00048730: 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e o (1).32-bit Lin\n-00048740: 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f ux (modern proto\n-00048750: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d col) ?.64-\n-00048760: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 bit Linux (moder\n-00048770: 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 n protocol) \n-00048780: 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 ?.32-bit XNU \n+000486b0: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a4d 756c 7469 626f ?.Multibo\n+000486c0: 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot2 \n+000486d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n+000486e0: 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 32-bit Linux (le\n+000486f0: 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 gacy protocol) \n+00048700: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 no (1).64-b\n+00048710: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 it Linux (legacy\n+00048720: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+00048730: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c no (1).32-bit L\n+00048740: 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f inux (modern pro\n+00048750: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 tocol) ?.6\n+00048760: 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 4-bit Linux (mod\n+00048770: 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 ern protocol) \n+00048780: 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 ?.32-bit XNU\n 00048790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000487a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 ?.64-bi\n-000487b0: 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t XNU \n+000487a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d ?.64-\n+000487b0: 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 bit XNU \n 000487c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000487d0: 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 ?.32-bit EFI cha\n-000487e0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 inloader \n-000487f0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 no (2).64\n-00048800: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f -bit EFI chainlo\n-00048810: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-00048820: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c no (2).Applel\n-00048830: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n-00048840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00048850: 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2031 2e20 5265 7175 o (2).. 1. Requ\n-00048860: 6972 6573 2042 494f 530a 2020 322e 2045 ires BIOS. 2. E\n-00048870: 4649 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 332e 2033 322d FI only. 3. 32-\n-00048880: 6269 7420 616e 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2045 bit and 64-bit E\n-00048890: 4649 2068 6176 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e FI have differen\n-000488a0: 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2061 6e64 t structures and\n-000488b0: 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6469 work in. di\n-000488c0: 6666 6572 656e 7420 4350 5520 6d6f 6465 fferent CPU mode\n-000488d0: 7320 736f 2069 7427 7320 6e6f 7420 706f s so it's not po\n-000488e0: 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 6169 6e6c ssible to chainl\n-000488f0: 6f61 6420 3332 2d62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 oad 32-bit. \n-00048900: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 3634 bootloader on 64\n-00048910: 2d62 6974 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 616e -bit platform an\n-00048920: 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 0a20 2034 d vice-versa. 4\n-00048930: 2e20 536f 6d65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206d . Some modules m\n-00048940: 6179 206e 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 6469 ay need to be di\n-00048950: 7361 626c 6564 0a20 2035 2e20 5265 7175 sabled. 5. Requ\n-00048960: 6972 6573 2041 4350 490a 0a20 2020 506f ires ACPI.. Po\n-00048970: 7765 7250 432c 2049 4136 3420 616e 6420 werPC, IA64 and \n-00048980: 5370 6172 6336 3420 706f 7274 7320 7375 Sparc64 ports su\n-00048990: 7070 6f72 7420 6f6e 6c79 204c 696e 7578 pport only Linux\n-000489a0: 2e20 204d 4950 5320 706f 7274 0a73 7570 . MIPS port.sup\n-000489b0: 706f 7274 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 616e 6420 ports Linux and \n-000489c0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2e0a 0a32 322e multiboot2...22.\n-000489d0: 3120 426f 6f74 2074 6573 7473 0a3d 3d3d 1 Boot tests.===\n-000489e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4173 ============..As\n-000489f0: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7365 656e 2069 you have seen i\n-00048a00: 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2063 6861 7074 n previous chapt\n-00048a10: 6572 2074 6865 2073 7570 706f 7274 206d er the support m\n-00048a20: 6174 7269 7820 6973 2070 7265 7474 7920 atrix is pretty \n-00048a30: 6269 670a 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 6620 big.and some of \n-00048a40: 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f the configuratio\n-00048a50: 6e73 2061 7265 206f 6e6c 7920 7261 7265 ns are only rare\n-00048a60: 6c79 2075 7365 642e 2020 546f 2065 6e73 ly used. To ens\n-00048a70: 7572 6520 7468 650a 7175 616c 6974 7920 ure the.quality \n-00048a80: 626f 6f74 6368 6563 6b73 2061 7265 2061 bootchecks are a\n-00048a90: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c vailable for all\n-00048aa0: 2078 3836 2074 6172 6765 7473 2065 7863 x86 targets exc\n-00048ab0: 6570 7420 4546 490a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 ept EFI.chainloa\n-00048ac0: 6465 722c 2041 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 der, Appleloader\n-00048ad0: 2061 6e64 2058 4e55 2e20 416c 6c20 7838 and XNU. All x8\n-00048ae0: 3620 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 6 platforms have\n-00048af0: 2062 6f6f 7463 6865 636b 0a66 6163 696c bootcheck.facil\n-00048b00: 6974 7920 6578 6365 7074 2069 6565 6531 ity except ieee1\n-00048b10: 3237 352e 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 275. Multiboot,\n-00048b20: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 322c 2042 494f multiboot2, BIO\n-00048b30: 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 0a6e S chainloader,.n\n-00048b40: 746c 6472 2061 6e64 2066 7265 6562 7364 tldr and freebsd\n-00048b50: 2d62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 626f 6f74 -bootloader boot\n-00048b60: 2074 6172 6765 7473 2061 7265 2074 6573 targets are tes\n-00048b70: 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6974 6820 6120 ted only with a \n-00048b80: 6661 6b65 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 fake.kernel imag\n-00048b90: 6573 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 7820 es. Only Linux \n-00048ba0: 6973 2074 6573 7465 6420 616d 6f6e 6720 is tested among \n-00048bb0: 7468 6520 7061 796c 6f61 6473 2075 7369 the payloads usi\n-00048bc0: 6e67 204c 696e 7578 0a70 726f 746f 636f ng Linux.protoco\n-00048bd0: 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 6c6c 6f77 696e ls... Followin\n-00048be0: 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6d75 7374 g variables must\n-00048bf0: 2062 6520 6465 6669 6e65 643a 0a0a 4752 be defined:..GR\n-00048c00: 5542 5f50 4159 4c4f 4144 535f 4449 5220 UB_PAYLOADS_DIR \n-00048c10: 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 directory c\n-00048c20: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 ontaining the re\n-00048c30: 7175 6972 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 0a47 quired kernels.G\n-00048c40: 5255 425f 4342 4653 544f 4f4c 2020 2020 RUB_CBFSTOOL \n-00048c50: 2020 2020 2020 6362 6673 746f 6f6c 2066 cbfstool f\n-00048c60: 726f 6d20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6163 rom Coreboot pac\n-00048c70: 6b61 6765 2028 666f 7220 636f 7265 626f kage (for corebo\n-00048c80: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot. \n-00048c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6174 666f platfo\n-00048ca0: 726d 206f 6e6c 7929 0a47 5255 425f 434f rm only).GRUB_CO\n-00048cb0: 5245 424f 4f54 5f52 4f4d 2020 2020 2020 REBOOT_ROM \n-00048cc0: 656d 7074 7920 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2052 empty Coreboot R\n-00048cd0: 4f4d 0a47 5255 425f 5145 4d55 5f4f 5054 OM.GRUB_QEMU_OPT\n-00048ce0: 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6164 6469 7469 S additi\n-00048cf0: 6f6e 616c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 onal options to \n-00048d00: 6265 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 746f 2051 be supplied to Q\n-00048d10: 454d 550a 0a20 2020 5265 7175 6972 6564 EMU.. Required\n-00048d20: 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 3a0a 0a6b 6672 files are:..kfr\n-00048d30: 6565 6273 645f 656e 762e 6933 3836 2020 eebsd_env.i386 \n-00048d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 32-bi\n-00048d50: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2064 6576 6963 t kFreeBSD devic\n-00048d60: 6520 6869 6e74 730a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 e hints.kfreebsd\n-00048d70: 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .i386 \n-00048d80: 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 2046 7265 32-bit Fre\n-00048d90: 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 eBSD kernel imag\n-00048da0: 650a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 e.kfreebsd.x86_6\n-00048db0: 342c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4, \n-00048dc0: 7361 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 same from 64-bit\n-00048dd0: 206b 4672 6565 4253 440a 6b66 7265 6562 kFreeBSD.kfreeb\n-00048de0: 7364 5f65 6e76 2e78 3836 5f36 340a 6b6e sd_env.x86_64.kn\n-00048df0: 6574 6273 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 etbsd.i386 \n-00048e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 32-b\n-00048e10: 6974 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c it NetBSD kernel\n-00048e20: 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e6d image.knetbsd.m\n-00048e30: 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 6933 3836 2020 2020 iniroot.i386 \n-00048e40: 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 32-bit kNet\n-00048e50: 4253 4420 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f BSD miniroot.kmo\n-00048e60: 642e 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 d..knetbsd.x86_6\n-00048e70: 342c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4, \n-00048e80: 2073 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 same from 64-bi\n-00048e90: 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 440a 6b6e 6574 6273 t kNetBSD.knetbs\n-00048ea0: 642e 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e78 3836 5f36 d.miniroot.x86_6\n-00048eb0: 340a 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 2e69 3338 3620 4.kopenbsd.i386 \n-00048ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048ed0: 3332 2d62 6974 204f 7065 6e42 5344 206b 32-bit OpenBSD k\n-00048ee0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6273 642e 7264 2069 6d61 ernel bsd.rd ima\n-00048ef0: 6765 0a6b 6f70 656e 6273 642e 7838 365f ge.kopenbsd.x86_\n-00048f00: 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 64 \n-00048f10: 2073 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 same from 64-bi\n-00048f20: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 0a6c 696e 7578 t kOpenBSD.linux\n-00048f30: 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .i386 \n-00048f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 32-bit \n-00048f50: 4c69 6e75 780a 6c69 6e75 782e 7838 365f Linux.linux.x86_\n-00048f60: 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 64 \n-00048f70: 2020 2020 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 64-bit Linux\n-00048f80: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00048f90: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 nfo, Node: Trou\n-00048fa0: 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 bleshooting, Ne\n-00048fb0: 7874 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 xt: User-space u\n-00048fc0: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a tilities, Prev:\n-00048fd0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 Supported kerne\n-00048fe0: 6c73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3233 ls, Up: Top..23\n-00048ff0: 2045 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 7320 Error messages \n-00049000: 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 produced by GRUB\n-00049010: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+000487d0: 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 ?.32-bit EFI c\n+000487e0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 hainloader \n+000487f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n+00048800: 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 64-bit EFI chain\n+00048810: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+00048820: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c no (2).Appl\n+00048830: 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 eloader \n+00048840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048850: 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2031 2e20 5265 no (2).. 1. Re\n+00048860: 7175 6972 6573 2042 494f 530a 2020 322e quires BIOS. 2.\n+00048870: 2045 4649 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 332e 2033 EFI only. 3. 3\n+00048880: 322d 6269 7420 616e 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2-bit and 64-bit\n+00048890: 2045 4649 2068 6176 6520 6469 6666 6572 EFI have differ\n+000488a0: 656e 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2061 ent structures a\n+000488b0: 6e64 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 nd work in. \n+000488c0: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 4350 5520 6d6f different CPU mo\n+000488d0: 6465 7320 736f 2069 7427 7320 6e6f 7420 des so it's not \n+000488e0: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 6169 possible to chai\n+000488f0: 6e6c 6f61 6420 3332 2d62 6974 0a20 2020 nload 32-bit. \n+00048900: 2020 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 bootloader on \n+00048910: 3634 2d62 6974 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 64-bit platform \n+00048920: 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 0a20 and vice-versa. \n+00048930: 2034 2e20 536f 6d65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 4. Some modules\n+00048940: 206d 6179 206e 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 may need to be \n+00048950: 6469 7361 626c 6564 0a20 2035 2e20 5265 disabled. 5. Re\n+00048960: 7175 6972 6573 2041 4350 490a 0a20 2020 quires ACPI.. \n+00048970: 506f 7765 7250 432c 2049 4136 3420 616e PowerPC, IA64 an\n+00048980: 6420 5370 6172 6336 3420 706f 7274 7320 d Sparc64 ports \n+00048990: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6f6e 6c79 204c 696e support only Lin\n+000489a0: 7578 2e20 204d 4950 5320 706f 7274 0a73 ux. MIPS port.s\n+000489b0: 7570 706f 7274 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 616e upports Linux an\n+000489c0: 6420 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2e0a 0a32 d multiboot2...2\n+000489d0: 322e 3120 426f 6f74 2074 6573 7473 0a3d 2.1 Boot tests.=\n+000489e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+000489f0: 4173 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7365 656e As you have seen\n+00048a00: 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2063 6861 in previous cha\n+00048a10: 7074 6572 2074 6865 2073 7570 706f 7274 pter the support\n+00048a20: 206d 6174 7269 7820 6973 2070 7265 7474 matrix is prett\n+00048a30: 7920 6269 670a 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f y big.and some o\n+00048a40: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 f the configurat\n+00048a50: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206f 6e6c 7920 7261 ions are only ra\n+00048a60: 7265 6c79 2075 7365 642e 2020 546f 2065 rely used. To e\n+00048a70: 6e73 7572 6520 7468 650a 7175 616c 6974 nsure the.qualit\n+00048a80: 7920 626f 6f74 6368 6563 6b73 2061 7265 y bootchecks are\n+00048a90: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2061 available for a\n+00048aa0: 6c6c 2078 3836 2074 6172 6765 7473 2065 ll x86 targets e\n+00048ab0: 7863 6570 7420 4546 490a 6368 6169 6e6c xcept EFI.chainl\n+00048ac0: 6f61 6465 722c 2041 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 oader, Appleload\n+00048ad0: 6572 2061 6e64 2058 4e55 2e20 416c 6c20 er and XNU. All \n+00048ae0: 7838 3620 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 x86 platforms ha\n+00048af0: 7665 2062 6f6f 7463 6865 636b 0a66 6163 ve bootcheck.fac\n+00048b00: 696c 6974 7920 6578 6365 7074 2069 6565 ility except iee\n+00048b10: 6531 3237 352e 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f e1275. Multiboo\n+00048b20: 742c 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 322c 2042 t, multiboot2, B\n+00048b30: 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c IOS chainloader,\n+00048b40: 0a6e 746c 6472 2061 6e64 2066 7265 6562 .ntldr and freeb\n+00048b50: 7364 2d62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 626f sd-bootloader bo\n+00048b60: 6f74 2074 6172 6765 7473 2061 7265 2074 ot targets are t\n+00048b70: 6573 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6974 6820 ested only with \n+00048b80: 6120 6661 6b65 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d a fake.kernel im\n+00048b90: 6167 6573 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 ages. Only Linu\n+00048ba0: 7820 6973 2074 6573 7465 6420 616d 6f6e x is tested amon\n+00048bb0: 6720 7468 6520 7061 796c 6f61 6473 2075 g the payloads u\n+00048bc0: 7369 6e67 204c 696e 7578 0a70 726f 746f sing Linux.proto\n+00048bd0: 636f 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 6c6c 6f77 cols... Follow\n+00048be0: 696e 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6d75 ing variables mu\n+00048bf0: 7374 2062 6520 6465 6669 6e65 643a 0a0a st be defined:..\n+00048c00: 4752 5542 5f50 4159 4c4f 4144 535f 4449 GRUB_PAYLOADS_DI\n+00048c10: 5220 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 R directory\n+00048c20: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 containing the \n+00048c30: 7265 7175 6972 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 required kernels\n+00048c40: 0a47 5255 425f 4342 4653 544f 4f4c 2020 .GRUB_CBFSTOOL \n+00048c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6362 6673 746f 6f6c cbfstool\n+00048c60: 2066 726f 6d20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 from Coreboot p\n+00048c70: 6163 6b61 6765 2028 666f 7220 636f 7265 ackage (for core\n+00048c80: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot. \n+00048c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6174 plat\n+00048ca0: 666f 726d 206f 6e6c 7929 0a47 5255 425f form only).GRUB_\n+00048cb0: 434f 5245 424f 4f54 5f52 4f4d 2020 2020 COREBOOT_ROM \n+00048cc0: 2020 656d 7074 7920 436f 7265 626f 6f74 empty Coreboot\n+00048cd0: 2052 4f4d 0a47 5255 425f 5145 4d55 5f4f ROM.GRUB_QEMU_O\n+00048ce0: 5054 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6164 6469 PTS addi\n+00048cf0: 7469 6f6e 616c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 tional options t\n+00048d00: 6f20 6265 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 746f o be supplied to\n+00048d10: 2051 454d 550a 0a20 2020 5265 7175 6972 QEMU.. Requir\n+00048d20: 6564 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 3a0a 0a6b ed files are:..k\n+00048d30: 6672 6565 6273 645f 656e 762e 6933 3836 freebsd_env.i386\n+00048d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 32-\n+00048d50: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2064 6576 bit kFreeBSD dev\n+00048d60: 6963 6520 6869 6e74 730a 6b66 7265 6562 ice hints.kfreeb\n+00048d70: 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 sd.i386 \n+00048d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 2046 32-bit F\n+00048d90: 7265 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d reeBSD kernel im\n+00048da0: 6167 650a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 2e78 3836 age.kfreebsd.x86\n+00048db0: 5f36 342c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _64, \n+00048dc0: 2020 7361 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 same from 64-b\n+00048dd0: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 440a 6b66 7265 it kFreeBSD.kfre\n+00048de0: 6562 7364 5f65 6e76 2e78 3836 5f36 340a ebsd_env.x86_64.\n+00048df0: 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 knetbsd.i386 \n+00048e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 32\n+00048e10: 2d62 6974 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e -bit NetBSD kern\n+00048e20: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 el image.knetbsd\n+00048e30: 2e6d 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 6933 3836 2020 .miniroot.i386 \n+00048e40: 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 32-bit kN\n+00048e50: 6574 4253 4420 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b etBSD miniroot.k\n+00048e60: 6d6f 642e 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e78 3836 mod..knetbsd.x86\n+00048e70: 5f36 342c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _64, \n+00048e80: 2020 2073 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d same from 64-\n+00048e90: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 440a 6b6e 6574 bit kNetBSD.knet\n+00048ea0: 6273 642e 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e78 3836 bsd.miniroot.x86\n+00048eb0: 5f36 340a 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 2e69 3338 _64.kopenbsd.i38\n+00048ec0: 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6 \n+00048ed0: 2020 3332 2d62 6974 204f 7065 6e42 5344 32-bit OpenBSD\n+00048ee0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6273 642e 7264 2069 kernel bsd.rd i\n+00048ef0: 6d61 6765 0a6b 6f70 656e 6273 642e 7838 mage.kopenbsd.x8\n+00048f00: 365f 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6_64 \n+00048f10: 2020 2073 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d same from 64-\n+00048f20: 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 0a6c 696e bit kOpenBSD.lin\n+00048f30: 7578 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 ux.i386 \n+00048f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 32-bi\n+00048f50: 7420 4c69 6e75 780a 6c69 6e75 782e 7838 t Linux.linux.x8\n+00048f60: 365f 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6_64 \n+00048f70: 2020 2020 2020 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 64-bit Lin\n+00048f80: 7578 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ux....File: grub\n+00048f90: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 .info, Node: Tr\n+00048fa0: 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 oubleshooting, \n+00048fb0: 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 Next: User-space\n+00048fc0: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 2050 7265 utilities, Pre\n+00048fd0: 763a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 v: Supported ker\n+00048fe0: 6e65 6c73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a nels, Up: Top..\n+00048ff0: 3233 2045 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 23 Error message\n+00049000: 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2062 7920 4752 s produced by GR\n+00049010: 5542 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a UB.*************\n 00049020: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00049030: 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 ***..* Menu:..* \n-00049040: 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 GRUB only offers\n-00049050: 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c3a a rescue shell:\n-00049060: 3a0a 2a20 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 :.* Firmware sta\n-00049070: 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 lls instead of b\n-00049080: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 423a 3a0a 0a1f ooting GRUB::...\n-00049090: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000490a0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e , Node: GRUB on\n-000490b0: 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 ly offers a resc\n-000490c0: 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a ue shell, Next:\n-000490d0: 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 Firmware stalls\n-000490e0: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 instead of boot\n-000490f0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ing GRUB, Up: T\n-00049100: 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a roubleshooting..\n-00049110: 3233 2e31 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 23.1 GRUB only o\n-00049120: 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 ffers a rescue s\n-00049130: 6865 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d hell.===========\n+00049030: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a *****..* Menu:..\n+00049040: 2a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 * GRUB only offe\n+00049050: 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c rs a rescue shel\n+00049060: 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 l::.* Firmware s\n+00049070: 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 talls instead of\n+00049080: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 423a 3a0a booting GRUB::.\n+00049090: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000490a0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 5255 4220 fo, Node: GRUB \n+000490b0: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 only offers a re\n+000490c0: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 scue shell, Nex\n+000490d0: 743a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c t: Firmware stal\n+000490e0: 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f ls instead of bo\n+000490f0: 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a oting GRUB, Up:\n+00049100: 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 Troubleshooting\n+00049110: 0a0a 3233 2e31 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 ..23.1 GRUB only\n+00049120: 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 offers a rescue\n+00049130: 2073 6865 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d shell.=========\n 00049140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00049150: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4227 =========..GRUB'\n-00049160: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 2073 7461 7274 2d75 s normal start-u\n-00049170: 7020 7072 6f63 6564 7572 6520 696e 766f p procedure invo\n-00049180: 6c76 6573 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 lves setting the\n-00049190: 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 990a 656e ...prefix....en\n-000491a0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-000491b0: 6c65 2074 6f20 6120 7661 6c75 6520 7365 le to a value se\n-000491c0: 7420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d t in the core im\n-000491d0: 6167 6520 6279 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 age by ...grub-i\n-000491e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 992c 0a73 6574 7469 nstall...,.setti\n-000491f0: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 ng the ...root..\n-00049200: 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6d61 . variable to ma\n-00049210: 7463 682c 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6865 tch, loading the\n-00049220: 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f ...normal... mo\n-00049230: 6475 6c65 2066 726f 6d0a 7468 6520 7072 dule from.the pr\n-00049240: 6566 6978 2c20 616e 6420 7275 6e6e 696e efix, and runnin\n-00049250: 6720 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 g the ...normal.\n-00049260: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 .. command (*not\n-00049270: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 e normal::). Th\n-00049280: 6973 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7265 is.command is re\n-00049290: 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 7265 sponsible for re\n-000492a0: 6164 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 ading .../boot/g\n-000492b0: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c rub/grub.cfg...,\n-000492c0: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 0a6d 656e running the.men\n-000492d0: 752c 2061 6e64 2064 6f69 6e67 2061 6c6c u, and doing all\n-000492e0: 2074 6865 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7468 696e the useful thin\n-000492f0: 6773 2047 5255 4220 6973 2073 7570 706f gs GRUB is suppo\n-00049300: 7365 6420 746f 2064 6f2e 0a0a 2020 2049 sed to do... I\n-00049310: 662c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 796f 7520 f, instead, you \n-00049320: 6f6e 6c79 2067 6574 2061 2072 6573 6375 only get a rescu\n-00049330: 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2074 6869 7320 7573 e shell, this us\n-00049340: 7561 6c6c 7920 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 ually means that\n-00049350: 0a47 5255 4220 6661 696c 6564 2074 6f20 .GRUB failed to \n-00049360: 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d load the ...norm\n-00049370: 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 al... module for\n-00049380: 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2e20 2049 some reason. I\n-00049390: 7420 6d61 7920 6265 0a70 6f73 7369 626c t may be.possibl\n-000493a0: 6520 746f 2077 6f72 6b20 6172 6f75 6e64 e to work around\n-000493b0: 2074 6869 7320 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 696c this temporaril\n-000493c0: 793a 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c y: for instance,\n-000493d0: 2069 6620 7468 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 0a66 if the reason.f\n-000493e0: 6f72 2074 6865 2066 6169 6c75 7265 2069 or the failure i\n-000493f0: 7320 7468 6174 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 s that ...prefix\n-00049400: e280 9920 6973 2077 726f 6e67 2028 7065 ... is wrong (pe\n-00049410: 7268 6170 7320 6974 2072 6566 6572 7320 rhaps it refers \n-00049420: 746f 2074 6865 0a77 726f 6e67 2064 6576 to the.wrong dev\n-00049430: 6963 652c 206f 7220 7065 7268 6170 7320 ice, or perhaps \n-00049440: 7468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 e280 982f the path to .../\n-00049450: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2077 6173 boot/grub... was\n-00049460: 206e 6f74 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 206d not correctly m\n-00049470: 6164 650a 7265 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 ade.relative to \n-00049480: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 292c 2074 6865 the device), the\n-00049490: 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f 7272 6563 n you can correc\n-000494a0: 7420 7468 6973 2061 6e64 2065 6e74 6572 t this and enter\n-000494b0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a6d 616e normal mode.man\n-000494c0: 7561 6c6c 793a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2049 ually:.. # I\n-000494d0: 6e73 7065 6374 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 nspect the curre\n-000494e0: 6e74 2070 7265 6669 7820 2861 6e64 206f nt prefix (and o\n-000494f0: 7468 6572 2070 7265 7365 7420 7661 7269 ther preset vari\n-00049500: 6162 6c65 7329 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 ables):. set\n-00049510: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 4669 6e64 206f 7574 . # Find out\n-00049520: 2077 6869 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 2061 which devices a\n-00049530: 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a 2020 re available:. \n-00049540: 2020 206c 730a 2020 2020 2023 2053 6574 ls. # Set\n-00049550: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 to the correct \n-00049560: 7661 6c75 652c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6967 value, which mig\n-00049570: 6874 2062 6520 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 ht be something \n-00049580: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a20 2020 2020 like this:. \n-00049590: 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 6864 302c set prefix=(hd0,\n-000495a0: 3129 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2073 6574 1)/grub. set\n-000495b0: 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 root=(hd0,1). \n-000495c0: 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e6f 726d 616c insmod normal\n-000495d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 0a0a 2020 . normal.. \n-000495e0: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 616e 7920 7072 However, any pr\n-000495f0: 6f62 6c65 6d20 7468 6174 206c 6561 7665 oblem that leave\n-00049600: 7320 796f 7520 696e 2074 6865 2072 6573 s you in the res\n-00049610: 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 cue shell probab\n-00049620: 6c79 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 ly.means that GR\n-00049630: 5542 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2063 6f72 7265 UB was not corre\n-00049640: 6374 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2e20 ctly installed. \n-00049650: 2049 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206d 6f72 6520 It may be more \n-00049660: 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f0a 7472 7920 746f useful to.try to\n-00049670: 2072 6569 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 7420 7072 reinstall it pr\n-00049680: 6f70 6572 6c79 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 operly using ...\n-00049690: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2044 4556 grub-install DEV\n-000496a0: 4943 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e ICE... (*note In\n-000496b0: 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 696e 7374 voking.grub-inst\n-000496c0: 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 646f all::). When do\n-000496d0: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2c20 7468 6572 6520 ing this, there \n-000496e0: 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 7468 696e 6773 are a few things\n-000496f0: 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 3a0a 0a20 to remember:.. \n-00049700: 2020 e280 a220 4472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 ... Drive orde\n-00049710: 7269 6e67 2069 6e20 796f 7572 206f 7065 ring in your ope\n-00049720: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6d61 rating system ma\n-00049730: 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2074 6865 2073 616d y not be the sam\n-00049740: 6520 6173 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 626f e as the. bo\n-00049750: 6f74 2064 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e ot drive orderin\n-00049760: 6720 7573 6564 2062 7920 796f 7572 2066 g used by your f\n-00049770: 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 446f 206e 6f74 irmware. Do not\n-00049780: 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 assume that you\n-00049790: 720a 2020 2020 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 r. first har\n-000497a0: 6420 6472 6976 6520 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 d drive (e.g. .\n-000497b0: 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 9929 2069 ../dev/sda...) i\n-000497c0: 7320 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 7468 6174 2079 s the one that y\n-000497d0: 6f75 7220 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a20 2020 our firmware. \n-000497e0: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d will boot from\n-000497f0: 2e20 20e2 8098 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 . ...device.map\n-00049800: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 ... (*note Devic\n-00049810: 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2063 616e 2062 6520 e map::) can be \n-00049820: 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206f 7665 used to. ove\n-00049830: 7272 6964 6520 7468 6973 2c20 6275 7420 rride this, but \n-00049840: 6974 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 it is usually be\n-00049850: 7474 6572 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5555 4944 tter to use UUID\n-00049860: 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d s or file system\n-00049870: 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 6265 6c73 2061 6e64 . labels and\n-00049880: 2061 766f 6964 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 avoid depending\n-00049890: 206f 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 on drive orderi\n-000498a0: 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 ng entirely... \n-000498b0: 20e2 80a2 2041 7420 6c65 6173 7420 6f6e ... At least on\n-000498c0: 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 BIOS systems, i\n-000498d0: 6620 796f 7520 7465 6c6c 20e2 8098 6772 f you tell ...gr\n-000498e0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 746f ub-install... to\n-000498f0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 4752 install. GR\n-00049900: 5542 2074 6f20 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f UB to a partitio\n-00049910: 6e20 6275 7420 4752 5542 2068 6173 2061 n but GRUB has a\n-00049920: 6c72 6561 6479 2062 6565 6e20 696e 7374 lready been inst\n-00049930: 616c 6c65 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 alled in the. \n-00049940: 2020 6d61 7374 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 7265 master boot re\n-00049950: 636f 7264 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 cord, then the G\n-00049960: 5255 4220 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e RUB installation\n-00049970: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f in the partitio\n-00049980: 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 n. will be i\n-00049990: 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 gnored... ... \n-000499a0: 4966 2070 6f73 7369 626c 652c 2069 7420 If possible, it \n-000499b0: 6973 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 2062 6573 is generally bes\n-000499c0: 7420 746f 2061 766f 6964 2069 6e73 7461 t to avoid insta\n-000499d0: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2074 6f20 610a lling GRUB to a.\n-000499e0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 partition (\n-000499f0: 756e 6c65 7373 2069 7420 6973 2061 2073 unless it is a s\n-00049a00: 7065 6369 616c 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e pecial partition\n-00049a10: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2075 7365 206f 6620 for the use of \n-00049a20: 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6f6e 652c GRUB. alone,\n-00049a30: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2042 494f such as the BIO\n-00049a40: 5320 426f 6f74 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e S Boot Partition\n-00049a50: 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2047 5054 292e 2044 used on GPT). D\n-00049a60: 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 206d oing this. m\n-00049a70: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 206d eans that GRUB m\n-00049a80: 6179 2073 746f 7020 6265 696e 6720 6162 ay stop being ab\n-00049a90: 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2069 7473 2063 le to read its c\n-00049aa0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6475 6520 746f ore image due to\n-00049ab0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 a. file sys\n-00049ac0: 7465 6d20 6d6f 7669 6e67 2062 6c6f 636b tem moving block\n-00049ad0: 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 2c20 7375 6368 2061 s around, such a\n-00049ae0: 7320 7768 696c 6520 6465 6672 6167 6d65 s while defragme\n-00049af0: 6e74 696e 672c 0a20 2020 2020 7275 6e6e nting,. runn\n-00049b00: 696e 6720 6368 6563 6b73 2c20 6f72 2065 ing checks, or e\n-00049b10: 7665 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 ven during norma\n-00049b20: 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 496e l operation. In\n-00049b30: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 650a stalling to the.\n-00049b40: 2020 2020 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 6b20 whole disk \n-00049b50: 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c device is normal\n-00049b60: 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 726f 6275 7374 2e0a ly more robust..\n-00049b70: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4368 6563 6b20 7468 . ... Check th\n-00049b80: 6174 2047 5255 4220 6163 7475 616c 6c79 at GRUB actually\n-00049b90: 206b 6e6f 7773 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 knows how to re\n-00049ba0: 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6465 7669 ad from the devi\n-00049bb0: 6365 2061 6e64 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 ce and file. \n-00049bc0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 system containi\n-00049bd0: 6e67 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ng .../boot/grub\n-00049be0: e280 992e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f .... 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Find o\n+00049520: 7574 2077 6869 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 ut which devices\n+00049530: 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a are available:.\n+00049540: 2020 2020 206c 730a 2020 2020 2023 2053 ls. # S\n+00049550: 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 et to the correc\n+00049560: 7420 7661 6c75 652c 2077 6869 6368 206d t value, which m\n+00049570: 6967 6874 2062 6520 736f 6d65 7468 696e ight be somethin\n+00049580: 6720 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a20 2020 g like this:. \n+00049590: 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 6864 set prefix=(hd\n+000495a0: 302c 3129 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2073 0,1)/grub. s\n+000495b0: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a et root=(hd0,1).\n+000495c0: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e6f 726d insmod norm\n+000495d0: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 0a0a al. normal..\n+000495e0: 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 616e 7920 However, any \n+000495f0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 7468 6174 206c 6561 problem that lea\n+00049600: 7665 7320 796f 7520 696e 2074 6865 2072 ves you in the r\n+00049610: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c20 7072 6f62 escue shell prob\n+00049620: 6162 6c79 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 ably.means that \n+00049630: 4752 5542 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2063 6f72 GRUB was not cor\n+00049640: 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 rectly installed\n+00049650: 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206d 6f72 . It may be mor\n+00049660: 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f0a 7472 7920 e useful to.try \n+00049670: 746f 2072 6569 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 7420 to reinstall it \n+00049680: 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 properly using .\n+00049690: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2044 ..grub-install D\n+000496a0: 4556 4943 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 EVICE... (*note \n+000496b0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 696e Invoking.grub-in\n+000496c0: 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 stall::). When \n+000496d0: 646f 696e 6720 7468 6973 2c20 7468 6572 doing this, ther\n+000496e0: 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 7468 696e e are a few thin\n+000496f0: 6773 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 3a0a gs to remember:.\n+00049700: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4472 6976 6520 6f72 . ... Drive or\n+00049710: 6465 7269 6e67 2069 6e20 796f 7572 206f dering in your o\n+00049720: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n+00049730: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2074 6865 2073 may not be the s\n+00049740: 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ame as the. \n+00049750: 626f 6f74 2064 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 boot drive order\n+00049760: 696e 6720 7573 6564 2062 7920 796f 7572 ing used by your\n+00049770: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 446f 206e firmware. Do n\n+00049780: 6f74 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2079 ot assume that y\n+00049790: 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2066 6972 7374 2068 our. first h\n+000497a0: 6172 6420 6472 6976 6520 2865 2e67 2e20 ard drive (e.g. \n+000497b0: 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 9929 .../dev/sda...)\n+000497c0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 7468 6174 is the one that\n+000497d0: 2079 6f75 7220 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a20 your firmware. \n+000497e0: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 will boot fr\n+000497f0: 6f6d 2e20 20e2 8098 6465 7669 6365 2e6d om. ...device.m\n+00049800: 6170 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 ap... (*note Dev\n+00049810: 6963 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2063 616e 2062 ice map::) can b\n+00049820: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206f e used to. o\n+00049830: 7665 7272 6964 6520 7468 6973 2c20 6275 verride this, bu\n+00049840: 7420 6974 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 t it is usually \n+00049850: 6265 7474 6572 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5555 better to use UU\n+00049860: 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 IDs or file syst\n+00049870: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 6265 6c73 2061 em. labels a\n+00049880: 6e64 2061 766f 6964 2064 6570 656e 6469 nd avoid dependi\n+00049890: 6e67 206f 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 ng on drive orde\n+000498a0: 7269 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 656c 792e 0a0a ring entirely...\n+000498b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7420 6c65 6173 7420 ... At least \n+000498c0: 6f6e 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c on BIOS systems,\n+000498d0: 2069 6620 796f 7520 7465 6c6c 20e2 8098 if you tell ...\n+000498e0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n+000498f0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 to install. \n+00049900: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6120 7061 7274 6974 GRUB to a partit\n+00049910: 696f 6e20 6275 7420 4752 5542 2068 6173 ion but GRUB has\n+00049920: 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2062 6565 6e20 696e already been in\n+00049930: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 stalled in the. \n+00049940: 2020 2020 6d61 7374 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 master boot \n+00049950: 7265 636f 7264 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 record, then the\n+00049960: 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 GRUB installati\n+00049970: 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 on in the partit\n+00049980: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ion. will be\n+00049990: 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 ignored... ..\n+000499a0: a220 4966 2070 6f73 7369 626c 652c 2069 . 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Permission\n-00000100: 2069 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 is granted to c\n-00000110: 6f70 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 opy, distribute \n-00000120: 616e 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 and/or modify th\n-00000130: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 is. document\n-00000140: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 under the terms\n-00000150: 206f 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 of the GNU Free\n-00000160: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c Documentation L\n-00000170: 6963 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 icense,. Ver\n-00000180: 7369 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 sion 1.2 or any \n-00000190: 6c61 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 later version pu\n-000001a0: 626c 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 blished by the F\n-000001b0: 7265 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 ree Software. \n-000001c0: 2020 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 Foundation; wi\n-000001d0: 7468 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 th no Invariant \n-000001e0: 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 Sections..INFO-D\n-000001f0: 4952 2d53 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 IR-SECTION Kerne\n-00000200: 6c0a 5354 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 l.START-INFO-DIR\n-00000210: 2d45 4e54 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 -ENTRY.* GRUB: (\n-00000220: 6772 7562 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 grub). \n-00000230: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 The GRand\n-00000240: 2055 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 Unified Bootloa\n-00000250: 6465 720a 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 der.* grub-insta\n-00000260: 6c6c 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 ll: (grub)Invoki\n-00000270: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e ng grub-install.\n-00000280: 2020 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 Install GRUB\n-00000290: 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a on your drive.*\n-000002a0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 grub-mkconfig: \n-000002b0: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n-000002c0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 rub-mkconfig. G\n-000002d0: 656e 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e enerate GRUB con\n-000002e0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 figuration.* gru\n-000002f0: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n-00000300: 323a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 2: (grub)Invokin\n-00000310: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n-00000320: 7062 6b64 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d pbkdf2..* grub-m\n-00000330: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 krelpath: (grub)\n-00000340: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00000350: 7265 6c70 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d relpath..* grub-\n-00000360: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 mkrescue: (grub)\n-00000370: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00000380: 7265 7363 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 rescue. Make a \n-00000390: 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 GRUB rescue imag\n-000003a0: 650a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 e.* grub-mount: \n-000003b0: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n-000003c0: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 rub-mount. \n-000003d0: 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 Mount a file s\n-000003e0: 7973 7465 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 ystem using GRUB\n-000003f0: 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 .* grub-probe: (\n-00000400: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n-00000410: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 ub-probe. \n-00000420: 2050 726f 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e Probe device in\n-00000430: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 formation.* grub\n-00000440: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 -script-check: (\n-00000450: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n-00000460: 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e ub-script-check.\n-00000470: 0a45 4e44 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e .END-INFO-DIR-EN\n-00000480: 5452 590a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 TRY....File: gru\n-00000490: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 b.info, Node: F\n-000004a0: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 irmware stalls i\n-000004b0: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e nstead of bootin\n-000004c0: 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 g GRUB, Prev: G\n-000004d0: 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 RUB only offers \n-000004e0: 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 a rescue shell, \n-000004f0: 2055 703a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f Up: Troubleshoo\n-00000500: 7469 6e67 0a0a 3233 2e32 2046 6972 6d77 ting..23.2 Firmw\n-00000510: 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 are stalls inste\n-00000520: 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 ad of booting GR\n-00000530: 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d UB.=============\n+00000070: 2c20 3237 2046 6562 7275 6172 7920 3230 , 27 February 20\n+00000080: 3236 292e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 26)... Copyrig\n+00000090: 6874 20c2 a90a 3139 3939 2c32 3030 302c ht ...1999,2000,\n+000000a0: 3230 3031 2c32 3030 322c 3230 3034 2c32 2001,2002,2004,2\n+000000b0: 3030 362c 3230 3038 2c32 3030 392c 3230 006,2008,2009,20\n+000000c0: 3130 2c32 3031 312c 3230 3132 2c32 3031 10,2011,2012,201\n+000000d0: 3320 4672 6565 0a53 6f66 7477 6172 6520 3 Free.Software \n+000000e0: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e Foundation, Inc.\n+000000f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6572 6d69 7373 696f .. Permissio\n+00000100: 6e20 6973 2067 7261 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 n is granted to \n+00000110: 636f 7079 2c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 copy, distribute\n+00000120: 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 and/or modify t\n+00000130: 6869 730a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e his. documen\n+00000140: 7420 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 7465 726d t under the term\n+00000150: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2046 7265 s of the GNU Fre\n+00000160: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 e Documentation \n+00000170: 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 0a20 2020 2020 5665 License,. Ve\n+00000180: 7273 696f 6e20 312e 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 rsion 1.2 or any\n+00000190: 206c 6174 6572 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 later version p\n+000001a0: 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 ublished by the \n+000001b0: 4672 6565 2053 6f66 7477 6172 650a 2020 Free Software. \n+000001c0: 2020 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 Foundation; w\n+000001d0: 6974 6820 6e6f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 ith no Invariant\n+000001e0: 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d Sections..INFO-\n+000001f0: 4449 522d 5345 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e DIR-SECTION Kern\n+00000200: 656c 0a53 5441 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 el.START-INFO-DI\n+00000210: 522d 454e 5452 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 R-ENTRY.* GRUB: \n+00000220: 2867 7275 6229 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 (grub). \n+00000230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e The GRan\n+00000240: 6420 556e 6966 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f d Unified Bootlo\n+00000250: 6164 6572 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 ader.* grub-inst\n+00000260: 616c 6c3a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b all: (grub)Invok\n+00000270: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n+00000280: 2e20 2020 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 . Install GRU\n+00000290: 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a B on your drive.\n+000002a0: 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a * grub-mkconfig:\n+000002b0: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n+000002c0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 grub-mkconfig. \n+000002d0: 4765 6e65 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 636f Generate GRUB co\n+000002e0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 nfiguration.* gr\n+000002f0: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n+00000300: 6632 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 f2: (grub)Invoki\n+00000310: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ng grub-mkpasswd\n+00000320: 2d70 626b 6466 322e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d -pbkdf2..* grub-\n+00000330: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 683a 2028 6772 7562 mkrelpath: (grub\n+00000340: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+00000350: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 krelpath..* grub\n+00000360: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 2028 6772 7562 -mkrescue: (grub\n+00000370: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+00000380: 6b72 6573 6375 652e 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 krescue. Make a\n+00000390: 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 GRUB rescue ima\n+000003a0: 6765 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a ge.* grub-mount:\n+000003b0: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n+000003c0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 grub-mount. \n+000003d0: 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 Mount a file \n+000003e0: 7379 7374 656d 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 system using GRU\n+000003f0: 420a 2a20 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 B.* grub-probe: \n+00000400: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n+00000410: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 rub-probe. \n+00000420: 2020 5072 6f62 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 Probe device i\n+00000430: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 nformation.* gru\n+00000440: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 b-script-check: \n+00000450: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n+00000460: 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b rub-script-check\n+00000470: 2e0a 454e 442d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 ..END-INFO-DIR-E\n+00000480: 4e54 5259 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 NTRY....File: gr\n+00000490: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000004a0: 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 Firmware stalls \n+000004b0: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 instead of booti\n+000004c0: 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ng GRUB, Prev: \n+000004d0: 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 GRUB only offers\n+000004e0: 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c a rescue shell,\n+000004f0: 2020 5570 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f Up: Troublesho\n+00000500: 6f74 696e 670a 0a32 332e 3220 4669 726d oting..23.2 Firm\n+00000510: 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 ware stalls inst\n+00000520: 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 ead of booting G\n+00000530: 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d RUB.============\n 00000540: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00000560: 0a54 6865 2045 4649 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 .The EFI impleme\n-00000570: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 ntation of some \n-00000580: 6f6c 6465 7220 4d61 6342 6f6f 6b20 6c61 older MacBook la\n-00000590: 7074 6f70 7320 7374 616c 6c73 2077 6865 ptops stalls whe\n-000005a0: 6e20 6974 2067 6574 730a 7072 6573 656e n it gets.presen\n-000005b0: 7465 6420 6120 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 ted a grub-mkres\n-000005c0: 6375 6520 4953 4f20 696d 6167 6520 666f cue ISO image fo\n-000005d0: 7220 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 2074 6172 r x86_64-efi tar\n-000005e0: 6765 7420 6f6e 2061 6e20 5553 420a 7374 get on an USB.st\n-000005f0: 6963 6b2e 2020 4166 6665 6374 6564 2061 ick. Affected a\n-00000600: 7265 206d 6f64 656c 7320 6f66 2079 6561 re models of yea\n-00000610: 7220 3230 3130 206f 7220 6561 726c 6965 r 2010 or earlie\n-00000620: 722e 2020 576f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 r. Workaround i\n-00000630: 7320 746f 0a7a 6572 6f69 7a65 2074 6865 s to.zeroize the\n-00000640: 2062 7974 6573 2034 3436 2074 6f20 3436 bytes 446 to 46\n-00000650: 3120 6f66 2074 6865 2045 4649 2070 6172 1 of the EFI par\n-00000660: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 7768 6572 6520 6d66 tition, where mf\n-00000670: 6f72 6d61 7420 6861 7320 7075 740a 6120 ormat has put.a \n-00000680: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 partition table \n-00000690: 656e 7472 7920 7768 6963 6820 636c 6169 entry which clai\n-000006a0: 6d73 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 ms partition sta\n-000006b0: 7274 2061 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 302e 2020 rt at block 0. \n-000006c0: 5468 6973 0a63 6861 6e67 6520 7769 6c6c This.change will\n-000006d0: 206e 6f74 2068 616d 7065 7220 626f 6f74 not hamper boot\n-000006e0: 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 ability on other\n-000006f0: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 machines.....Fi\n-00000700: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00000710: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 Node: User-space\n-00000720: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 204e 6578 utilities, Nex\n-00000730: 743a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 t: Obtaining and\n-00000740: 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 Building GRUB, \n-00000750: 2050 7265 763a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 Prev: Troublesh\n-00000760: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 ooting, Up: Top\n-00000770: 0a0a 3234 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 ..24 User-space \n-00000780: 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a utilities.******\n+00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00000560: 0a0a 5468 6520 4546 4920 696d 706c 656d ..The EFI implem\n+00000570: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 736f 6d65 entation of some\n+00000580: 206f 6c64 6572 204d 6163 426f 6f6b 206c older MacBook l\n+00000590: 6170 746f 7073 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 7768 aptops stalls wh\n+000005a0: 656e 2069 7420 6765 7473 0a70 7265 7365 en it gets.prese\n+000005b0: 6e74 6564 2061 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 nted a grub-mkre\n+000005c0: 7363 7565 2049 534f 2069 6d61 6765 2066 scue ISO image f\n+000005d0: 6f72 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 7461 or x86_64-efi ta\n+000005e0: 7267 6574 206f 6e20 616e 2055 5342 0a73 rget on an USB.s\n+000005f0: 7469 636b 2e20 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 tick. Affected \n+00000600: 6172 6520 6d6f 6465 6c73 206f 6620 7965 are models of ye\n+00000610: 6172 2032 3031 3020 6f72 2065 6172 6c69 ar 2010 or earli\n+00000620: 6572 2e20 2057 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 er. Workaround \n+00000630: 6973 2074 6f0a 7a65 726f 697a 6520 7468 is to.zeroize th\n+00000640: 6520 6279 7465 7320 3434 3620 746f 2034 e bytes 446 to 4\n+00000650: 3631 206f 6620 7468 6520 4546 4920 7061 61 of the EFI pa\n+00000660: 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2077 6865 7265 206d rtition, where m\n+00000670: 666f 726d 6174 2068 6173 2070 7574 0a61 format has put.a\n+00000680: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 partition table\n+00000690: 2065 6e74 7279 2077 6869 6368 2063 6c61 entry which cla\n+000006a0: 696d 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 ims partition st\n+000006b0: 6172 7420 6174 2062 6c6f 636b 2030 2e20 art at block 0. \n+000006c0: 2054 6869 730a 6368 616e 6765 2077 696c This.change wil\n+000006d0: 6c20 6e6f 7420 6861 6d70 6572 2062 6f6f l not hamper boo\n+000006e0: 7461 6269 6c69 7479 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 tability on othe\n+000006f0: 7220 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 r machines.....F\n+00000700: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00000710: 204e 6f64 653a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 Node: User-spac\n+00000720: 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 4e65 e utilities, Ne\n+00000730: 7874 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e xt: Obtaining an\n+00000740: 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c d Building GRUB,\n+00000750: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 Prev: Troubles\n+00000760: 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f hooting, Up: To\n+00000770: 700a 0a32 3420 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 p..24 User-space\n+00000780: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a utilities.*****\n 00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000007a0: 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e *..* Menu:..* In\n-000007b0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 voking grub-inst\n-000007c0: 616c 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 all:: How \n-000007d0: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 to use the GRUB \n-000007e0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 720a 2a20 496e 766f installer.* Invo\n-000007f0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n-00000800: 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 ig:: Genera\n-00000810: 7465 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 te a GRUB config\n-00000820: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2049 uration file.* I\n-00000830: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 nvoking grub-mkp\n-00000840: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 0a20 asswd-pbkdf2::. \n+000007a0: 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 **..* Menu:..* I\n+000007b0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking grub-ins\n+000007c0: 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 tall:: How\n+000007d0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 4752 5542 to use the GRUB\n+000007e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 0a2a 2049 6e76 installer.* Inv\n+000007f0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n+00000800: 6669 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2047 656e 6572 fig:: Gener\n+00000810: 6174 6520 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 ate a GRUB confi\n+00000820: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 guration file.* \n+00000830: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+00000840: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a0a passwd-pbkdf2::.\n 00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 G\n-00000870: 656e 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6173 enerate GRUB pas\n-00000880: 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 0a2a 2049 sword hashes.* I\n-00000890: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n-000008a0: 656c 7061 7468 3a3a 2020 2020 204d 616b elpath:: Mak\n-000008b0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 e system path re\n-000008c0: 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 6974 7320 726f lative to its ro\n-000008d0: 6f74 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ot.* Invoking gr\n-000008e0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a20 2020 ub-mkrescue:: \n-000008f0: 2020 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 Make a GRUB r\n-00000900: 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 496e escue image.* In\n-00000910: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e voking grub-moun\n-00000920: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e t:: Moun\n-00000930: 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 t a file system \n-00000940: 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 using GRUB.* Inv\n-00000950: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 oking grub-probe\n-00000960: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 :: Probe\n-00000970: 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 device informat\n-00000980: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 ion for GRUB.* I\n-00000990: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 nvoking grub-scr\n-000009a0: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 3a20 2043 6865 ipt-check:: Che\n-000009b0: 636b 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 ck GRUB script f\n-000009c0: 696c 6520 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 ile for syntax e\n-000009d0: 7272 6f72 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rrors....File: g\n-000009e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000009f0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking grub-i\n-00000a00: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 nstall, Next: I\n-00000a10: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 nvoking grub-mkc\n-00000a20: 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 onfig, Up: User\n-00000a30: 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 -space utilities\n-00000a40: 0a0a 3234 2e31 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 ..24.1 Invoking \n-00000a50: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d grub-install.===\n+00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000870: 4765 6e65 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 7061 Generate GRUB pa\n+00000880: 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 730a 2a20 ssword hashes.* \n+00000890: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+000008a0: 7265 6c70 6174 683a 3a20 2020 2020 4d61 relpath:: Ma\n+000008b0: 6b65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 ke system path r\n+000008c0: 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f 2069 7473 2072 elative to its r\n+000008d0: 6f6f 740a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 oot.* Invoking g\n+000008e0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 3a3a 2020 rub-mkrescue:: \n+000008f0: 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 Make a GRUB \n+00000900: 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2049 rescue image.* I\n+00000910: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 nvoking grub-mou\n+00000920: 6e74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 nt:: Mou\n+00000930: 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d nt a file system\n+00000940: 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e using GRUB.* In\n+00000950: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 voking grub-prob\n+00000960: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 e:: Prob\n+00000970: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 e device informa\n+00000980: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 420a 2a20 tion for GRUB.* \n+00000990: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 Invoking grub-sc\n+000009a0: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a3a 2020 4368 ript-check:: Ch\n+000009b0: 6563 6b20 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 eck GRUB script \n+000009c0: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 file for syntax \n+000009d0: 6572 726f 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 errors....File: \n+000009e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000009f0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00000a00: 696e 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 install, Next: \n+00000a10: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+00000a20: 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 config, Up: Use\n+00000a30: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n+00000a40: 730a 0a32 342e 3120 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.1 Invoking\n+00000a50: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d grub-install.==\n 00000a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n-00000a80: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 gram ...grub-ins\n-00000a90: 7461 6c6c e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 tall... generate\n-00000aa0: 7320 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d s a GRUB core im\n-00000ab0: 6167 6520 7573 696e 670a e280 9867 7275 age using....gru\n-00000ac0: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 b-mkimage... and\n-00000ad0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 6974 206f 6e20 installs it on \n-00000ae0: 796f 7572 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 596f your system. Yo\n-00000af0: 7520 6d75 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 u must specify t\n-00000b00: 6865 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f he.device name o\n-00000b10: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f 7520 7761 6e74 n which you want\n-00000b20: 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 to install GRUB\n-00000b30: 2c20 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 , like this:.. \n-00000b40: 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 grub-install \n-00000b50: 494e 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 0a0a INSTALL_DEVICE..\n-00000b60: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 The device na\n-00000b70: 6d65 2049 4e53 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 me INSTALL_DEVIC\n-00000b80: 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 E is an OS devic\n-00000b90: 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 7220 6120 4752 5542 e name or a GRUB\n-00000ba0: 2064 6576 6963 650a 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 device.name... \n-00000bb0: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c ...grub-instal\n-00000bc0: 6ce2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 l... accepts the\n-00000bd0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n-00000be0: 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 ns:.....--help..\n-00000bf0: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 .. Print a s\n-00000c00: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f ummary of the co\n-00000c10: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f mmand-line optio\n-00000c20: 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 ns and exit.....\n-00000c30: 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 .--version.... \n-00000c40: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 Print the ver\n-00000c50: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 sion number of G\n-00000c60: 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 RUB and exit....\n-00000c70: 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f ..--boot-directo\n-00000c80: 7279 3d44 4952 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 ry=DIR.... I\n-00000c90: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 nstall GRUB imag\n-00000ca0: 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2064 6972 es under the dir\n-00000cb0: 6563 746f 7279 20e2 8098 4449 522f 6772 ectory ...DIR/gr\n-00000cc0: 7562 2fe2 8099 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 ub/... This opti\n-00000cd0: 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 on is. usefu\n-00000ce0: 6c20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 l when you want \n-00000cf0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 to install GRUB \n-00000d00: 696e 746f 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 into a separate \n-00000d10: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 2061 0a20 partition or a. \n-00000d20: 2020 2020 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 6520 6469 removable di\n-00000d30: 736b 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 sk. If this opt\n-00000d40: 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7065 6369 ion is not speci\n-00000d50: 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2064 6566 fied then it def\n-00000d60: 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 aults. to ..\n-00000d70: 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2073 6f0a 0a20 ./boot..., so.. \n-00000d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e grub-in\n-00000d90: 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a stall /dev/sda..\n-00000da0: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 is equivale\n-00000db0: 6e74 2074 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nt to.. \n-00000dc0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n-00000dd0: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f boot-directory=/\n-00000de0: 626f 6f74 2f20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a boot/ /dev/sda..\n-00000df0: 2020 2020 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 Here is an \n-00000e00: 6578 616d 706c 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 example in which\n-00000e10: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 7365 7061 you have a sepa\n-00000e20: 7261 7465 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 e280 9d20 rate ...boot... \n-00000e30: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 partition. w\n-00000e40: 6869 6368 2069 7320 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 hich is mounted \n-00000e50: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 74e2 on .../mnt/boot.\n-00000e60: 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 ..:.. g\n-00000e70: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f rub-install --bo\n-00000e80: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e ot-directory=/mn\n-00000e90: 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 7364 620a t/boot /dev/sdb.\n-00000ea0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7265 6368 6563 6be2 8099 ....--recheck...\n-00000eb0: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6368 6563 6b20 7468 . Recheck th\n-00000ec0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 6576 e device map, ev\n-00000ed0: 656e 2069 6620 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 en if .../boot/g\n-00000ee0: 7275 622f 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 rub/device.map..\n-00000ef0: 9920 616c 7265 6164 790a 2020 2020 2065 . already. e\n-00000f00: 7869 7374 732e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 xists. You shou\n-00000f10: 6c64 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 ld use this opti\n-00000f20: 6f6e 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 796f 7520 on whenever you \n-00000f30: 6164 642f 7265 6d6f 7665 2061 2064 6973 add/remove a dis\n-00000f40: 6b0a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6f2f 6672 6f6d k. into/from\n-00000f50: 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a your computer..\n-00000f60: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d72 732d 636f 6465 ....--no-rs-code\n-00000f70: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 s.... By def\n-00000f80: 6175 6c74 206f 6e20 7838 3620 4249 4f53 ault on x86 BIOS\n-00000f90: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 e280 9867 7275 systems, ...gru\n-00000fa0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2077 696c b-install... wil\n-00000fb0: 6c20 7573 6520 736f 6d65 2065 7874 7261 l use some extra\n-00000fc0: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 . space in t\n-00000fd0: 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d he bootloader em\n-00000fe0: 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 2066 6f72 bedding area for\n-00000ff0: 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 Reed-Solomon. \n-00001000: 2020 2065 7272 6f72 2d63 6f72 7265 6374 error-correct\n-00001010: 696e 6720 636f 6465 732e 2020 5468 6973 ing codes. This\n-00001020: 2065 6e61 626c 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f enables GRUB to\n-00001030: 2073 7469 6c6c 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 still boot. \n-00001040: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 successfully if\n-00001050: 2073 6f6d 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 7265 some blocks are\n-00001060: 2063 6f72 7275 7074 6564 2e20 2054 6865 corrupted. The\n-00001070: 2065 7861 6374 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 exact amount of\n-00001080: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e . protection\n-00001090: 206f 6666 6572 6564 2069 7320 6465 7065 offered is depe\n-000010a0: 6e64 656e 7420 6f6e 2061 7661 696c 6162 ndent on availab\n-000010b0: 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 le space in the \n-000010c0: 656d 6265 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 embedding. a\n-000010d0: 7265 612e 2020 5220 7365 6374 6f72 7320 rea. R sectors \n-000010e0: 6f66 2072 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6361 of redundancy ca\n-000010f0: 6e20 746f 6c65 7261 7465 2075 7020 746f n tolerate up to\n-00001100: 2052 2f32 2063 6f72 7275 7074 6564 0a20 R/2 corrupted. \n-00001110: 2020 2020 7365 6374 6f72 732e 2020 5468 sectors. Th\n-00001120: 6973 2072 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6d61 is redundancy ma\n-00001130: 7920 6265 2063 756d 6265 7273 6f6d 6520 y be cumbersome \n-00001140: 6966 2061 7474 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f if attempting to\n-00001150: 0a20 2020 2020 6372 7970 746f 6772 6170 . cryptograp\n-00001160: 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 hically validate\n-00001170: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n-00001180: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 the bootloader \n-00001190: 656d 6265 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 embedding. a\n-000011a0: 7265 612c 206f 7220 696e 206d 6f72 6520 rea, or in more \n-000011b0: 6d6f 6465 726e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 modern systems w\n-000011c0: 6974 6820 4750 542d 7374 796c 6520 7061 ith GPT-style pa\n-000011d0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 0a20 rtition tables. \n-000011e0: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 (*note BIOS \n-000011f0: 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 installation::) \n-00001200: 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2064 6f65 7320 where GRUB does \n-00001210: 6e6f 7420 7265 7369 6465 2069 6e20 616e not reside in an\n-00001220: 790a 2020 2020 2075 6e70 6172 7469 7469 y. unpartiti\n-00001230: 6f6e 6564 2073 7061 6365 206f 7574 7369 oned space outsi\n-00001240: 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 4d42 522e 2044 de of the MBR. D\n-00001250: 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6865 2052 6565 642d isable the Reed-\n-00001260: 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 Solomon. cod\n-00001270: 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 206f 7074 es with this opt\n-00001280: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n-00001290: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000012a0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000012b0: 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 config, Next: I\n-000012c0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 nvoking grub-mkp\n-000012d0: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 asswd-pbkdf2, P\n-000012e0: 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 rev: Invoking gr\n-000012f0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a ub-install, Up:\n-00001300: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n-00001310: 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3220 496e 766f ities..24.2 Invo\n-00001320: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n-00001330: 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ig.=============\n-00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00001350: 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 The program ...g\n-00001360: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n-00001370: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 636f 6e66 generates a conf\n-00001380: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2066 iguration file f\n-00001390: 6f72 2047 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 or GRUB.(*note S\n-000013a0: 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple configurat\n-000013b0: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 ion::)... gr\n-000013c0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6720 2d6f 202f ub-mkconfig -o /\n-000013d0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n-000013e0: 6667 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d fg.. ...grub-m\n-000013f0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 kconfig... accep\n-00001400: 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ts the following\n-00001410: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d options:.....--\n-00001420: 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 help.... Pri\n-00001430: 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 nt a summary of \n-00001440: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n-00001450: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 options and exi\n-00001460: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e t......--version\n-00001470: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 .... Print t\n-00001480: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n-00001490: 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 r of GRUB and ex\n-000014a0: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 it......-o FILE.\n-000014b0: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 ......--output=F\n-000014c0: 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6e64 ILE.... Send\n-000014d0: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2063 the generated c\n-000014e0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-000014f0: 6520 746f 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 e to FILE. The \n-00001500: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6f0a 2020 default is to. \n-00001510: 2020 2073 656e 6420 6974 2074 6f20 7374 send it to st\n-00001520: 616e 6461 7264 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a andard output...\n-00001530: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00001540: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 o, Node: Invoki\n-00001550: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ng grub-mkpasswd\n-00001560: 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 -pbkdf2, Next: \n-00001570: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00001580: 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 relpath, Prev: \n-00001590: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000015a0: 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 config, Up: Use\n-000015b0: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n-000015c0: 730a 0a32 342e 3320 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.3 Invoking\n-000015d0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 grub-mkpasswd-p\n-000015e0: 626b 6466 320a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d bkdf2.==========\n+00000a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n+00000a80: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e ogram ...grub-in\n+00000a90: 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2067 656e 6572 6174 stall... generat\n+00000aa0: 6573 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f 7265 2069 es a GRUB core i\n+00000ab0: 6d61 6765 2075 7369 6e67 0ae2 8098 6772 mage using....gr\n+00000ac0: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 616e ub-mkimage... an\n+00000ad0: 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c73 2069 7420 6f6e d installs it on\n+00000ae0: 2079 6f75 7220 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2059 your system. Y\n+00000af0: 6f75 206d 7573 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 ou must specify \n+00000b00: 7468 650a 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 the.device name \n+00000b10: 6f6e 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 2077 616e on which you wan\n+00000b20: 7420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 t to install GRU\n+00000b30: 422c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 B, like this:.. \n+00000b40: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c grub-install\n+00000b50: 2049 4e53 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 450a INSTALL_DEVICE.\n+00000b60: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e . The device n\n+00000b70: 616d 6520 494e 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 ame INSTALL_DEVI\n+00000b80: 4345 2069 7320 616e 204f 5320 6465 7669 CE is an OS devi\n+00000b90: 6365 206e 616d 6520 6f72 2061 2047 5255 ce name or a GRU\n+00000ba0: 4220 6465 7669 6365 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a B device.name...\n+00000bb0: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 ...grub-insta\n+00000bc0: 6c6c e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 ll... accepts th\n+00000bd0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 e following opti\n+00000be0: 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 ons:.....--help.\n+00000bf0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 ... Print a \n+00000c00: 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 summary of the c\n+00000c10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 ommand-line opti\n+00000c20: 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 ons and exit....\n+00000c30: 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 ..--version.... \n+00000c40: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 Print the ve\n+00000c50: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 rsion number of \n+00000c60: 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a GRUB and exit...\n+00000c70: e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 ...--boot-direct\n+00000c80: 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ory=DIR.... \n+00000c90: 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6d61 Install GRUB ima\n+00000ca0: 6765 7320 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 6469 ges under the di\n+00000cb0: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9844 4952 2f67 rectory ...DIR/g\n+00000cc0: 7275 622f e280 9920 5468 6973 206f 7074 rub/... This opt\n+00000cd0: 696f 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6566 ion is. usef\n+00000ce0: 756c 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 ul when you want\n+00000cf0: 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 to install GRUB\n+00000d00: 2069 6e74 6f20 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 into a separate\n+00000d10: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 610a partition or a.\n+00000d20: 2020 2020 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2064 removable d\n+00000d30: 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 isk. If this op\n+00000d40: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 tion is not spec\n+00000d50: 6966 6965 6420 7468 656e 2069 7420 6465 ified then it de\n+00000d60: 6661 756c 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 faults. to .\n+00000d70: 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2c20 736f 0a0a ../boot..., so..\n+00000d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 grub-i\n+00000d90: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a nstall /dev/sda.\n+00000da0: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c . is equival\n+00000db0: 656e 7420 746f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ent to.. \n+00000dc0: 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d grub-install -\n+00000dd0: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d -boot-directory=\n+00000de0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a /boot/ /dev/sda.\n+00000df0: 0a20 2020 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e . Here is an\n+00000e00: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 6e20 7768 6963 example in whic\n+00000e10: 6820 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 2073 6570 h you have a sep\n+00000e20: 6172 6174 6520 e280 9c62 6f6f 74e2 809d arate ...boot...\n+00000e30: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 partition. \n+00000e40: 7768 6963 6820 6973 206d 6f75 6e74 6564 which is mounted\n+00000e50: 206f 6e20 e280 982f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 on .../mnt/boot\n+00000e60: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ...:.. \n+00000e70: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 grub-install --b\n+00000e80: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d oot-directory=/m\n+00000e90: 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6462 nt/boot /dev/sdb\n+00000ea0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d72 6563 6865 636b e280 .....--recheck..\n+00000eb0: 990a 2020 2020 2052 6563 6865 636b 2074 .. Recheck t\n+00000ec0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2065 he device map, e\n+00000ed0: 7665 6e20 6966 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f ven if .../boot/\n+00000ee0: 6772 7562 2f64 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 grub/device.map.\n+00000ef0: 8099 2061 6c72 6561 6479 0a20 2020 2020 .. already. \n+00000f00: 6578 6973 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 2073 686f exists. You sho\n+00000f10: 756c 6420 7573 6520 7468 6973 206f 7074 uld use this opt\n+00000f20: 696f 6e20 7768 656e 6576 6572 2079 6f75 ion whenever you\n+00000f30: 2061 6464 2f72 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6469 add/remove a di\n+00000f40: 736b 0a20 2020 2020 696e 746f 2f66 726f sk. into/fro\n+00000f50: 6d20 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e m your computer.\n+00000f60: 0a0a e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 7273 2d63 6f64 .....--no-rs-cod\n+00000f70: 6573 e280 990a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 es.... By de\n+00000f80: 6661 756c 7420 6f6e 2078 3836 2042 494f fault on x86 BIO\n+00000f90: 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c 20e2 8098 6772 S systems, ...gr\n+00000fa0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7769 ub-install... wi\n+00000fb0: 6c6c 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 6578 7472 ll use some extr\n+00000fc0: 610a 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 a. space in \n+00000fd0: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 the bootloader e\n+00000fe0: 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 7265 6120 666f mbedding area fo\n+00000ff0: 7220 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 r Reed-Solomon. \n+00001000: 2020 2020 6572 726f 722d 636f 7272 6563 error-correc\n+00001010: 7469 6e67 2063 6f64 6573 2e20 2054 6869 ting codes. Thi\n+00001020: 7320 656e 6162 6c65 7320 4752 5542 2074 s enables GRUB t\n+00001030: 6f20 7374 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 o still boot. \n+00001040: 2020 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2069 successfully i\n+00001050: 6620 736f 6d65 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 f some blocks ar\n+00001060: 6520 636f 7272 7570 7465 642e 2020 5468 e corrupted. Th\n+00001070: 6520 6578 6163 7420 616d 6f75 6e74 206f e exact amount o\n+00001080: 660a 2020 2020 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f f. protectio\n+00001090: 6e20 6f66 6665 7265 6420 6973 2064 6570 n offered is dep\n+000010a0: 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6e20 6176 6169 6c61 endent on availa\n+000010b0: 626c 6520 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 ble space in the\n+000010c0: 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 embedding. \n+000010d0: 6172 6561 2e20 2052 2073 6563 746f 7273 area. R sectors\n+000010e0: 206f 6620 7265 6475 6e64 616e 6379 2063 of redundancy c\n+000010f0: 616e 2074 6f6c 6572 6174 6520 7570 2074 an tolerate up t\n+00001100: 6f20 522f 3220 636f 7272 7570 7465 640a o R/2 corrupted.\n+00001110: 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f 7273 2e20 2054 sectors. T\n+00001120: 6869 7320 7265 6475 6e64 616e 6379 206d his redundancy m\n+00001130: 6179 2062 6520 6375 6d62 6572 736f 6d65 ay be cumbersome\n+00001140: 2069 6620 6174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 if attempting t\n+00001150: 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 o. cryptogra\n+00001160: 7068 6963 616c 6c79 2076 616c 6964 6174 phically validat\n+00001170: 6520 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f e the contents o\n+00001180: 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 f the bootloader\n+00001190: 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 embedding. \n+000011a0: 6172 6561 2c20 6f72 2069 6e20 6d6f 7265 area, or in more\n+000011b0: 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 modern systems \n+000011c0: 7769 7468 2047 5054 2d73 7479 6c65 2070 with GPT-style p\n+000011d0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 730a artition tables.\n+000011e0: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 (*note BIOS\n+000011f0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 installation::)\n+00001200: 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 where GRUB does\n+00001210: 206e 6f74 2072 6573 6964 6520 696e 2061 not reside in a\n+00001220: 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7061 7274 6974 ny. unpartit\n+00001230: 696f 6e65 6420 7370 6163 6520 6f75 7473 ioned space outs\n+00001240: 6964 6520 6f66 2074 6865 204d 4252 2e20 ide of the MBR. \n+00001250: 4469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 5265 6564 Disable the Reed\n+00001260: 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 636f -Solomon. co\n+00001270: 6465 7320 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 6f70 des with this op\n+00001280: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+00001290: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000012a0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+000012b0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 kconfig, Next: \n+000012c0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+000012d0: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 passwd-pbkdf2, \n+000012e0: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Prev: Invoking g\n+000012f0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 5570 rub-install, Up\n+00001300: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n+00001310: 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e32 2049 6e76 lities..24.2 Inv\n+00001320: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n+00001330: 6669 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d fig.============\n+00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00001350: 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 .The program ...\n+00001360: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+00001370: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2063 6f6e generates a con\n+00001380: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n+00001390: 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 for GRUB.(*note \n+000013a0: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n+000013b0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 tion::)... g\n+000013c0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 202d 6f20 rub-mkconfig -o \n+000013d0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e /boot/grub/grub.\n+000013e0: 6366 670a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d cfg.. ...grub-\n+000013f0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6163 6365 mkconfig... acce\n+00001400: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n+00001410: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n+00001420: 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 -help.... Pr\n+00001430: 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 int a summary of\n+00001440: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n+00001450: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 e options and ex\n+00001460: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f it......--versio\n+00001470: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 n.... Print \n+00001480: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n+00001490: 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 er of GRUB and e\n+000014a0: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 xit......-o FILE\n+000014b0: e280 990a e280 982d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d .......--output=\n+000014c0: 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 656e FILE.... Sen\n+000014d0: 6420 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 d the generated \n+000014e0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+000014f0: 6c65 2074 6f20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 le to FILE. The\n+00001500: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 0a20 default is to. \n+00001510: 2020 2020 7365 6e64 2069 7420 746f 2073 send it to s\n+00001520: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a tandard output..\n+00001530: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00001540: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n+00001550: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing grub-mkpassw\n+00001560: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a d-pbkdf2, Next:\n+00001570: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+00001580: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a krelpath, Prev:\n+00001590: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+000015a0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 kconfig, Up: Us\n+000015b0: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n+000015c0: 6573 0a0a 3234 2e33 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e es..24.3 Invokin\n+000015d0: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n+000015e0: 7062 6b64 6632 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d pbkdf2.=========\n 000015f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n-00001610: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ogram ...grub-mk\n-00001620: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 passwd-pbkdf2...\n-00001630: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2070 6173 7377 generates passw\n-00001640: 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2066 6f72 2047 ord hashes for G\n-00001650: 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 RUB.(*note Secur\n-00001660: 6974 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 ity::)... gr\n-00001670: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-00001680: 6632 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d f2.. ...grub-m\n-00001690: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 kpasswd-pbkdf2..\n-000016a0: 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f . accepts the fo\n-000016b0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a llowing options:\n-000016c0: 0a0a e280 982d 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 .....-c NUMBER..\n-000016d0: 990a e280 982d 2d69 7465 7261 7469 6f6e .....--iteration\n-000016e0: 2d63 6f75 6e74 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 -count=NUMBER...\n-000016f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 . Number of \n-00001700: 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 iterations of th\n-00001710: 6520 756e 6465 726c 7969 6e67 2070 7365 e underlying pse\n-00001720: 7564 6f2d 7261 6e64 6f6d 2066 756e 6374 udo-random funct\n-00001730: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6661 756c ion.. Defaul\n-00001740: 7473 2074 6f20 3130 3030 302e 0a0a e280 ts to 10000.....\n-00001750: 982d 6c20 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 .-l NUMBER......\n-00001760: 982d 2d62 7566 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 4552 .--buflen=NUMBER\n-00001770: e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 .... Length \n-00001780: 6f66 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 of the generated\n-00001790: 2068 6173 682e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 hash. Defaults\n-000017a0: 2074 6f20 3634 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d73 204e to 64......-s N\n-000017b0: 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7361 UMBER.......--sa\n-000017c0: 6c74 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 lt=NUMBER.... \n-000017d0: 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 Length of the \n-000017e0: 7361 6c74 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 salt. Defaults \n-000017f0: 746f 2036 342e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 to 64.....File: \n-00001800: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00001810: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-00001820: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 mkrelpath, Next\n-00001830: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-00001840: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a mkrescue, Prev:\n-00001850: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00001860: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 kpasswd-pbkdf2, \n-00001870: 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 Up: User-space \n-00001880: 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3420 utilities..24.4 \n-00001890: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000018a0: 7265 6c70 6174 680a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d relpath.========\n+00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 =========..The p\n+00001610: 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d rogram ...grub-m\n+00001620: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 kpasswd-pbkdf2..\n+00001630: 9920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 7061 7373 . generates pass\n+00001640: 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 7320 666f 7220 word hashes for \n+00001650: 4752 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 GRUB.(*note Secu\n+00001660: 7269 7479 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 rity::)... g\n+00001670: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n+00001680: 6466 320a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d df2.. ...grub-\n+00001690: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 mkpasswd-pbkdf2.\n+000016a0: 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 .. accepts the f\n+000016b0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n+000016c0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d63 204e 554d 4245 52e2 :.....-c NUMBER.\n+000016d0: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6974 6572 6174 696f ......--iteratio\n+000016e0: 6e2d 636f 756e 743d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 n-count=NUMBER..\n+000016f0: 990a 2020 2020 204e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 .. Number of\n+00001700: 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 iterations of t\n+00001710: 6865 2075 6e64 6572 6c79 696e 6720 7073 he underlying ps\n+00001720: 6575 646f 2d72 616e 646f 6d20 6675 6e63 eudo-random func\n+00001730: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2044 6566 6175 tion.. Defau\n+00001740: 6c74 7320 746f 2031 3030 3030 2e0a 0ae2 lts to 10000....\n+00001750: 8098 2d6c 204e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 ..-l NUMBER.....\n+00001760: 8098 2d2d 6275 666c 656e 3d4e 554d 4245 ..--buflen=NUMBE\n+00001770: 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 R.... Length\n+00001780: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 of the generate\n+00001790: 6420 6861 7368 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 d hash. Default\n+000017a0: 7320 746f 2036 342e 0a0a e280 982d 7320 s to 64......-s \n+000017b0: 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d 2d73 NUMBER.......--s\n+000017c0: 616c 743d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 alt=NUMBER.... \n+000017d0: 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 Length of the\n+000017e0: 2073 616c 742e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 salt. Defaults\n+000017f0: 2074 6f20 3634 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a to 64.....File:\n+00001800: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00001810: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n+00001820: 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 -mkrelpath, Nex\n+00001830: 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 t: Invoking grub\n+00001840: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 5072 6576 -mkrescue, Prev\n+00001850: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00001860: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c mkpasswd-pbkdf2,\n+00001870: 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 Up: User-space\n+00001880: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e34 utilities..24.4\n+00001890: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+000018a0: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d krelpath.=======\n 000018b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000018c0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 ====..The progra\n-000018d0: 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 m ...grub-mkrelp\n-000018e0: 6174 68e2 8099 206d 616b 6573 2061 2066 ath... makes a f\n-000018f0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 ile system path \n-00001900: 7265 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 7468 650a relative to the.\n-00001910: 726f 6f74 206f 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 root of its cont\n-00001920: 6169 6e69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 aining file syst\n-00001930: 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 em. For instanc\n-00001940: 652c 2069 6620 e280 982f 7573 72e2 8099 e, if .../usr...\n-00001950: 2069 7320 6120 6d6f 756e 740a 706f 696e is a mount.poin\n-00001960: 742c 2074 6865 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 t, then:.. $\n-00001970: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 6820 grub-mkrelpath \n-00001980: 2f75 7372 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f /usr/share/grub/\n-00001990: 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 320a 2020 2020 unicode.pf2. \n-000019a0: 20e2 8098 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f .../share/grub/\n-000019b0: 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 32e2 8099 0a0a unicode.pf2.....\n-000019c0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c This is mainl\n-000019d0: 7920 7573 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c y used internall\n-000019e0: 7920 6279 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 y by other GRUB \n-000019f0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 7375 6368 2061 utilities such a\n-00001a00: 730a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 s....grub-mkconf\n-00001a10: 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 ig... (*note Inv\n-00001a20: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n-00001a30: 6669 673a 3a29 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 fig::), but may \n-00001a40: 6f63 6361 7369 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a61 6c73 occasionally.als\n-00001a50: 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 o be useful for \n-00001a60: 6465 6275 6767 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 debugging... .\n-00001a70: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 ..grub-mkrelpath\n-00001a80: e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 ... accepts the \n-00001a90: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e following option\n-00001aa0: 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 s:.....--help...\n-00001ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 . Print a su\n-00001ac0: 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d mmary of the com\n-00001ad0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e mand-line option\n-00001ae0: 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 s and exit......\n-00001af0: 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 --version.... \n-00001b00: 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 Print the vers\n-00001b10: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 ion number of GR\n-00001b20: 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a UB and exit.....\n-00001b30: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00001b40: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n-00001b50: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 grub-mkrescue, \n-00001b60: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Next: Invoking \n-00001b70: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 grub-mount, Pre\n-00001b80: 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 v: Invoking grub\n-00001b90: 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a -mkrelpath, Up:\n-00001ba0: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n-00001bb0: 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3520 496e 766f ities..24.5 Invo\n-00001bc0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n-00001bd0: 7565 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ue.=============\n-00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00001bf0: 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 The program ...g\n-00001c00: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 rub-mkrescue... \n-00001c10: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 generates a boot\n-00001c20: 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 able GRUB rescue\n-00001c30: 2069 6d61 6765 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 image.(*note Ma\n-00001c40: 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 king a GRUB boot\n-00001c50: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a able CD-ROM::)..\n-00001c60: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 . grub-mkres\n-00001c70: 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a cue -o grub.iso.\n-00001c80: 0a20 2020 416c 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 . All argument\n-00001c90: 7320 6e6f 7420 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 s not explicitly\n-00001ca0: 206c 6973 7465 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6772 listed as ...gr\n-00001cb0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 206f ub-mkrescue... o\n-00001cc0: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 0a70 6173 7365 ptions are.passe\n-00001cd0: 6420 6f6e 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f d on directly to\n-00001ce0: 20e2 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2069 ...xorriso... i\n-00001cf0: 6e20 e280 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 n ...mkisofs... \n-00001d00: 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 emulation mode. \n-00001d10: 204f 7074 696f 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 6420 Options.passed \n-00001d20: 746f 20e2 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 to ...xorriso...\n-00001d30: 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 will normally b\n-00001d40: 6520 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 e interpreted as\n-00001d50: 20e2 8098 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 206f ...mkisofs... o\n-00001d60: 7074 696f 6e73 3b0a 6966 2074 6865 206f ptions;.if the o\n-00001d70: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2de2 8099 2069 ption ...--... i\n-00001d80: 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2061 6e79 s used, then any\n-00001d90: 7468 696e 6720 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 thing after that\n-00001da0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 will be interpr\n-00001db0: 6574 6564 0a61 7320 6e61 7469 7665 20e2 eted.as native .\n-00001dc0: 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 206f 7074 ..xorriso... opt\n-00001dd0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d 6f70 ions... Non-op\n-00001de0: 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 tion arguments s\n-00001df0: 7065 6369 6679 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 pecify additiona\n-00001e00: 6c20 736f 7572 6365 2064 6972 6563 746f l source directo\n-00001e10: 7269 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a63 ries. This is.c\n-00001e20: 6f6d 6d6f 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2074 6f20 ommonly used to \n-00001e30: 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 add extra files \n-00001e40: 746f 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 to the image:.. \n-00001e50: 2020 2020 6d6b 6469 7220 2d70 2064 6973 mkdir -p dis\n-00001e60: 6b2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 k/boot/grub. \n-00001e70: 2028 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 (add extra file\n-00001e80: 7320 746f 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f s to ...disk/boo\n-00001e90: 742f 6772 7562 e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 t/grub...). \n-00001ea0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f grub-mkrescue -o\n-00001eb0: 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a grub.iso disk..\n-00001ec0: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 ...grub-mkres\n-00001ed0: 6375 65e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 cue... accepts t\n-00001ee0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 he following opt\n-00001ef0: 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 ions:.....--help\n-00001f00: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 .... Print a\n-00001f10: 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 summary of the \n-00001f20: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 command-line opt\n-00001f30: 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a ions and exit...\n-00001f40: e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a ...--version....\n-00001f50: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 Print the v\n-00001f60: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 ersion number of\n-00001f70: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a GRUB and exit..\n-00001f80: 0ae2 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 ....-o FILE.....\n-00001f90: 8098 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 ..--output=FILE.\n-00001fa0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7665 206f 7574 ... Save out\n-00001fb0: 7075 7420 696e 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 put in FILE. Th\n-00001fc0: 6973 2022 6f70 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2072 is \"option\" is r\n-00001fd0: 6571 7569 7265 642e 0a0a e280 982d 2d6d equired......--m\n-00001fe0: 6f64 756c 6573 3d4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 odules=MODULES..\n-00001ff0: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7265 2d6c 6f61 6420 .. Pre-load \n-00002000: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4752 5542 206d the named GRUB m\n-00002010: 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d odules in the im\n-00002020: 6167 652e 2020 4d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2065 age. Multiple e\n-00002030: 6e74 7269 6573 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 204d ntries in. M\n-00002040: 4f44 554c 4553 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 ODULES should be\n-00002050: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7768 separated by wh\n-00002060: 6974 6573 7061 6365 2028 736f 2079 6f75 itespace (so you\n-00002070: 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a20 will probably. \n-00002080: 2020 2020 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7175 6f74 need to quot\n-00002090: 6520 7468 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 e this for your \n-000020a0: 7368 656c 6c29 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f shell)......--ro\n-000020b0: 6d2d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 m-directory=DIR.\n-000020c0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 656e 6572 ... If gener\n-000020d0: 6174 696e 6720 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 ating images for\n-000020e0: 2074 6865 2051 454d 5520 6f72 2043 6f72 the QEMU or Cor\n-000020f0: 6562 6f6f 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c eboot platforms,\n-00002100: 2063 6f70 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 copy the. r\n-00002110: 6573 756c 7469 6e67 20e2 8098 7165 6d75 esulting ...qemu\n-00002120: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 636f .img... or ...co\n-00002130: 7265 626f 6f74 2e65 6c66 e280 9920 6669 reboot.elf... fi\n-00002140: 6c65 7320 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 les respectively\n-00002150: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 4952 to the. DIR\n-00002160: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 7765 directory as we\n-00002170: 6c6c 2061 7320 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 ll as including \n-00002180: 7468 656d 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 them in the imag\n-00002190: 652e 0a0a e280 982d 2d78 6f72 7269 736f e......--xorriso\n-000021a0: 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 =FILE.... Us\n-000021b0: 6520 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 e FILE as the ..\n-000021c0: 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 7072 6f67 .xorriso... prog\n-000021d0: 7261 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e ram, rather than\n-000021e0: 2074 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 the built-in. \n-000021f0: 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0ae2 8098 default......\n-00002200: 2d2d 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 --grub-mkimage=F\n-00002210: 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 ILE.... Use \n-00002220: 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 FILE as the ...g\n-00002230: 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2070 rub-mkimage... p\n-00002240: 726f 6772 616d 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 rogram, rather t\n-00002250: 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e han the built-in\n-00002260: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a . default...\n-00002270: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00002280: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 o, Node: Invoki\n-00002290: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 ng grub-mount, \n-000022a0: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Next: Invoking g\n-000022b0: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 rub-probe, Prev\n-000022c0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-000022d0: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2055 mkrescue, Up: U\n-000022e0: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-000022f0: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3620 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.6 Invoki\n-00002300: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 740a 3d3d ng grub-mount.==\n+000018c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n+000018d0: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c am ...grub-mkrel\n+000018e0: 7061 7468 e280 9920 6d61 6b65 7320 6120 path... makes a \n+000018f0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 file system path\n+00001900: 2072 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 relative to the\n+00001910: 0a72 6f6f 7420 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6f6e .root of its con\n+00001920: 7461 696e 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 taining file sys\n+00001930: 7465 6d2e 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e tem. For instan\n+00001940: 6365 2c20 6966 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 e280 ce, if .../usr..\n+00001950: 9920 6973 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 0a70 6f69 . is a mount.poi\n+00001960: 6e74 2c20 7468 656e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 nt, then:.. \n+00001970: 2420 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 $ grub-mkrelpath\n+00001980: 202f 7573 722f 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 /usr/share/grub\n+00001990: 2f75 6e69 636f 6465 2e70 6632 0a20 2020 /unicode.pf2. \n+000019a0: 2020 e280 982f 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 .../share/grub\n+000019b0: 2f75 6e69 636f 6465 2e70 6632 e280 990a /unicode.pf2....\n+000019c0: 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e . This is main\n+000019d0: 6c79 2075 7365 6420 696e 7465 726e 616c ly used internal\n+000019e0: 6c79 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 4752 5542 ly by other GRUB\n+000019f0: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2073 7563 6820 utilities such \n+00001a00: 6173 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e as....grub-mkcon\n+00001a10: 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e fig... (*note In\n+00001a20: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n+00001a30: 6e66 6967 3a3a 292c 2062 7574 206d 6179 nfig::), but may\n+00001a40: 206f 6363 6173 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 616c occasionally.al\n+00001a50: 736f 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 so be useful for\n+00001a60: 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 debugging... \n+00001a70: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ...grub-mkrelpat\n+00001a80: 68e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 h... accepts the\n+00001a90: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n+00001aa0: 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 ns:.....--help..\n+00001ab0: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 .. Print a s\n+00001ac0: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f ummary of the co\n+00001ad0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f mmand-line optio\n+00001ae0: 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 ns and exit.....\n+00001af0: 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 .--version.... \n+00001b00: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 Print the ver\n+00001b10: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 sion number of G\n+00001b20: 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f RUB and exit....\n+00001b30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00001b40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Node: Invokin\n+00001b50: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652c g grub-mkrescue,\n+00001b60: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Next: Invoking\n+00001b70: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 grub-mount, Pr\n+00001b80: 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ev: Invoking gru\n+00001b90: 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5570 b-mkrelpath, Up\n+00001ba0: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n+00001bb0: 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e35 2049 6e76 lities..24.5 Inv\n+00001bc0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 oking grub-mkres\n+00001bd0: 6375 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d cue.============\n+00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00001bf0: 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 .The program ...\n+00001c00: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 grub-mkrescue...\n+00001c10: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2062 6f6f generates a boo\n+00001c20: 7461 626c 6520 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 table GRUB rescu\n+00001c30: 6520 696d 6167 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d e image.(*note M\n+00001c40: 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a GRUB boo\n+00001c50: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 292e table CD-ROM::).\n+00001c60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 .. grub-mkre\n+00001c70: 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f scue -o grub.iso\n+00001c80: 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2061 7267 756d 656e .. All argumen\n+00001c90: 7473 206e 6f74 2065 7870 6c69 6369 746c ts not explicitl\n+00001ca0: 7920 6c69 7374 6564 2061 7320 e280 9867 y listed as ...g\n+00001cb0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 rub-mkrescue... \n+00001cc0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 7061 7373 options are.pass\n+00001cd0: 6564 206f 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2074 ed on directly t\n+00001ce0: 6f20 e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 o ...xorriso... \n+00001cf0: 696e 20e2 8098 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 in ...mkisofs...\n+00001d00: 2065 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 652e emulation mode.\n+00001d10: 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 730a 7061 7373 6564 Options.passed\n+00001d20: 2074 6f20 e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 to ...xorriso..\n+00001d30: 9920 7769 6c6c 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 . will normally \n+00001d40: 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 be interpreted a\n+00001d50: 7320 e280 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 s ...mkisofs... \n+00001d60: 6f70 7469 6f6e 733b 0a69 6620 7468 6520 options;.if the \n+00001d70: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d e280 9920 option ...--... \n+00001d80: 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 616e is used, then an\n+00001d90: 7974 6869 6e67 2061 6674 6572 2074 6861 ything after tha\n+00001da0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 7465 7270 t will be interp\n+00001db0: 7265 7465 640a 6173 206e 6174 6976 6520 reted.as native \n+00001dc0: e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 6f70 ...xorriso... op\n+00001dd0: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f6e 2d6f tions... 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This is.\n+00001e20: 636f 6d6d 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6420 746f commonly used to\n+00001e30: 2061 6464 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 add extra files\n+00001e40: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a to the image:..\n+00001e50: 2020 2020 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6469 mkdir -p di\n+00001e60: 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 sk/boot/grub. \n+00001e70: 2020 2861 6464 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c (add extra fil\n+00001e80: 6573 2074 6f20 e280 9864 6973 6b2f 626f es to ...disk/bo\n+00001e90: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 290a 2020 2020 ot/grub...). \n+00001ea0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d grub-mkrescue -\n+00001eb0: 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2064 6973 6b0a o grub.iso disk.\n+00001ec0: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 . ...grub-mkre\n+00001ed0: 7363 7565 e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 scue... accepts \n+00001ee0: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 the following op\n+00001ef0: 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c tions:.....--hel\n+00001f00: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 p.... 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T\n+00001fc0: 6869 7320 226f 7074 696f 6e22 2069 7320 his \"option\" is \n+00001fd0: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d required......--\n+00001fe0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 733d 4d4f 4455 4c45 53e2 modules=MODULES.\n+00001ff0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 652d 6c6f 6164 ... Pre-load\n+00002000: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2047 5255 4220 the named GRUB \n+00002010: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2069 modules in the i\n+00002020: 6d61 6765 2e20 204d 756c 7469 706c 6520 mage. 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Use\n+00002220: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 FILE as the ...\n+00002230: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 grub-mkimage... \n+00002240: 7072 6f67 7261 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 program, rather \n+00002250: 7468 616e 2074 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 than the built-i\n+00002260: 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a n. default..\n+00002270: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00002280: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n+00002290: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 ing grub-mount, \n+000022a0: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Next: Invoking \n+000022b0: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 grub-probe, Pre\n+000022c0: 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 v: Invoking grub\n+000022d0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 5570 3a20 -mkrescue, Up: \n+000022e0: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+000022f0: 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e36 2049 6e76 6f6b ties..24.6 Invok\n+00002300: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 0a3d ing grub-mount.=\n 00002310: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002320: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n-00002330: 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e ram ...grub-moun\n-00002340: 74e2 8099 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 t... performs a \n-00002350: 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 7420 read-only mount \n-00002360: 6f66 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 of any file syst\n-00002370: 656d 0a6f 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 em.or file syste\n-00002380: 6d20 696d 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 m image that GRU\n-00002390: 4220 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 732c 2075 B understands, u\n-000023a0: 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4227 7320 6669 6c65 sing GRUB's file\n-000023b0: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6472 6976 6572 7320 system.drivers \n-000023c0: 7669 6120 4655 5345 2e20 2849 7420 6973 via FUSE. (It is\n-000023d0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 only available \n-000023e0: 6966 2046 5553 4520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d if FUSE developm\n-000023f0: 656e 7420 6669 6c65 7320 7765 7265 0a70 ent files were.p\n-00002400: 7265 7365 6e74 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 resent when GRUB\n-00002410: 2077 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2e29 2020 5468 was built.) Th\n-00002420: 6973 2068 6173 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 is has a number \n-00002430: 6f66 2075 7365 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 of uses:.. ...\n-00002440: 2049 7420 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2063 It provides a c\n-00002450: 6f6e 7665 6e69 656e 7420 7761 7920 746f onvenient way to\n-00002460: 2063 6865 636b 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 check how GRUB \n-00002470: 7769 6c6c 2076 6965 7720 6120 6669 6c65 will view a file\n-00002480: 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 2061 7420 . system at \n-00002490: 626f 6f74 2074 696d 652e 2020 596f 7520 boot time. You \n-000024a0: 6361 6e20 7573 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 2063 can use normal c\n-000024b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 746f 6f6c ommand-line tool\n-000024c0: 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6172 s to. compar\n-000024d0: 6520 7468 6174 2076 6965 7720 7769 7468 e that view with\n-000024e0: 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 that of your op\n-000024f0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 erating system, \n-00002500: 6d61 6b69 6e67 2069 740a 2020 2020 2065 making it. e\n-00002510: 6173 7920 746f 2066 696e 6420 6275 6773 asy to find bugs\n-00002520: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 206f 6666 ... ... It off\n-00002530: 6572 7320 7472 7565 2072 6561 642d 6f6e ers true read-on\n-00002540: 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 732e 2020 4c69 6e75 ly mounts. Linu\n-00002550: 7820 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 x does not have \n-00002560: 7468 6573 6520 666f 720a 2020 2020 206a these for. j\n-00002570: 6f75 726e 616c 6c69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 ournalling file \n-00002580: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2062 6563 6175 7365 systems, because\n-00002590: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 6c77 6179 7320 it will always \n-000025a0: 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2072 6570 6c61 attempt to repla\n-000025b0: 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206a 6f75 726e y. the journ\n-000025c0: 616c 2061 7420 6d6f 756e 7420 7469 6d65 al at mount time\n-000025d0: 3b20 7768 696c 6520 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ; while you can \n-000025e0: 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 696c 7920 6d61 726b temporarily mark\n-000025f0: 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 the block. \n-00002600: 6465 7669 6365 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 device read-only\n-00002610: 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7468 6973 2c20 to avoid this, \n-00002620: 7468 6174 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6520 that causes the \n-00002630: 6d6f 756e 7420 746f 2066 6169 6c2e 0a20 mount to fail.. \n-00002640: 2020 2020 5369 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2069 Since GRUB i\n-00002650: 6e74 656e 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2063 6f6e ntentionally con\n-00002660: 7461 696e 7320 6e6f 2063 6f64 6520 666f tains no code fo\n-00002670: 7220 7772 6974 696e 6720 746f 2066 696c r writing to fil\n-00002680: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 e. systems, \n-00002690: 6974 2063 616e 2065 6173 696c 7920 7072 it can easily pr\n-000026a0: 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6775 6172 616e 7465 ovide a guarante\n-000026b0: 6564 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 ed read-only mou\n-000026c0: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 nt. mechanis\n-000026d0: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 616c m... ... It al\n-000026e0: 6c6f 7773 2079 6f75 2074 6f20 6578 616d lows you to exam\n-000026f0: 696e 6520 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 ine any file sys\n-00002700: 7465 6d20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e tem that GRUB un\n-00002710: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2077 derstands. w\n-00002720: 6974 686f 7574 206e 6565 6469 6e67 2074 ithout needing t\n-00002730: 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 o load additiona\n-00002740: 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 746f 2079 l modules into y\n-00002750: 6f75 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 670a 2020 2020 our running. \n-00002760: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2077 6869 6368 206d kernel, which m\n-00002770: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 ay be useful in \n-00002780: 636f 6e73 7472 6169 6e65 6420 656e 7669 constrained envi\n-00002790: 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 ronments such as\n-000027a0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7273 . installers\n-000027b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5369 6e63 6520 ... ... Since \n-000027c0: 6974 2063 616e 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2066 it can examine f\n-000027d0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 ile system image\n-000027e0: 7320 2863 6f6e 7461 696e 6564 2069 6e20 s (contained in \n-000027f0: 7265 6775 6c61 720a 2020 2020 2066 696c regular. fil\n-00002800: 6573 2920 6a75 7374 2061 7320 6561 7369 es) just as easi\n-00002810: 6c79 2061 7320 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 ly as file syste\n-00002820: 6d73 206f 6e20 626c 6f63 6b20 6465 7669 ms on block devi\n-00002830: 6365 732c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 ces, you can use\n-00002840: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2074 6f20 696e 7370 . it to insp\n-00002850: 6563 7420 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 ect any file sys\n-00002860: 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 tem image that G\n-00002870: 5255 4220 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 RUB understands \n-00002880: 7769 7468 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2065 with only. e\n-00002890: 6e6f 7567 6820 7072 6976 696c 6567 6573 nough privileges\n-000028a0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 4655 5345 2c20 6576 to use FUSE, ev\n-000028b0: 656e 2069 6620 6e6f 626f 6479 2068 6173 en if nobody has\n-000028c0: 2079 6574 2077 7269 7474 656e 2061 0a20 yet written a. \n-000028d0: 2020 2020 4655 5345 206d 6f64 756c 6520 FUSE module \n-000028e0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 specifically for\n-000028f0: 2074 6861 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 that file syste\n-00002900: 6d20 7479 7065 2e0a 0a20 2020 5573 696e m type... Usin\n-00002910: 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 g ...grub-mount.\n-00002920: 8099 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 .. is normally a\n-00002930: 7320 7369 6d70 6c65 2061 733a 0a0a 2020 s simple as:.. \n-00002940: 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 grub-mount /d\n-00002950: 6576 2f73 6461 3120 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 ev/sda1 /mnt.. \n-00002960: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 ...grub-mount..\n-00002970: 9920 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 . must be given \n-00002980: 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696d 6167 one or more imag\n-00002990: 6573 2061 6e64 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 2070 es and a mount p\n-000029a0: 6f69 6e74 2061 730a 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 oint as.non-opti\n-000029b0: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6966 on arguments (if\n-000029c0: 2069 7420 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d 6f72 it is given mor\n-000029d0: 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2069 6d61 6765 e than one image\n-000029e0: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 6561 740a , it will treat.\n-000029f0: 7468 656d 2061 7320 6120 5241 4944 2073 them as a RAID s\n-00002a00: 6574 292c 2061 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 et), and also ac\n-00002a10: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n-00002a20: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 ing options:....\n-00002a30: 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .--help.... \n-00002a40: 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 Print a summary \n-00002a50: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c of the command-l\n-00002a60: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 ine options and \n-00002a70: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 exit......--vers\n-00002a80: 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e ion.... 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If yo\n-00002bd0: 7520 7573 6520 e280 9870 726f 6d70 74e2 u use ...prompt.\n-00002be0: 8099 2061 7320 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 .. as the argume\n-00002bf0: 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 nt,. ...grub\n-00002c00: 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2072 -mount... will r\n-00002c10: 6561 6420 6120 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 ead a passphrase\n-00002c20: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e from the termin\n-00002c30: 616c 3b20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 0a20 al; otherwise,. \n-00002c40: 2020 2020 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 it will read\n-00002c50: 206b 6579 206d 6174 6572 6961 6c20 6672 key material fr\n-00002c60: 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 om the specified\n-00002c70: 2066 696c 652e 0a0a e280 982d 7220 4445 file......-r DE\n-00002c80: 5649 4345 e280 990a e280 982d 2d72 6f6f VICE.......--roo\n-00002c90: 743d 4445 5649 4345 e280 990a 2020 2020 t=DEVICE.... \n-00002ca0: 2053 6574 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 726f Set the GRUB ro\n-00002cb0: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2044 4556 ot device to DEV\n-00002cc0: 4943 452e 2020 596f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 ICE. You do not\n-00002cd0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 normally need t\n-00002ce0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6869 733b o. set this;\n-00002cf0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 ...grub-mount..\n-00002d00: 9920 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 . will automatic\n-00002d10: 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f ally set the roo\n-00002d20: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 t device to. \n-00002d30: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the root of the\n-00002d40: 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2073 supplied file s\n-00002d50: 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 ystem... If \n-00002d60: 4445 5649 4345 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 DEVICE is just a\n-00002d70: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 number, then it\n-00002d80: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 will be treated\n-00002d90: 2061 7320 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a as a partition.\n-00002da0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 7769 7468 number with\n-00002db0: 696e 2074 6865 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 in the supplied \n-00002dc0: 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 image. This mea\n-00002dd0: 6e73 2074 6861 742c 2069 6620 796f 7520 ns that, if you \n-00002de0: 6861 7665 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 have an. ima\n-00002df0: 6765 206f 6620 616e 2065 6e74 6972 6520 ge of an entire \n-00002e00: 6469 736b 2069 6e20 e280 9864 6973 6b2e disk in ...disk.\n-00002e10: 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 img..., then you\n-00002e20: 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 6869 730a 2020 can use this. \n-00002e30: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6d6f command to mo\n-00002e40: 756e 7420 6974 7320 7365 636f 6e64 2070 unt its second p\n-00002e50: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 artition:.. \n-00002e60: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 grub-mount \n-00002e70: 2d72 2032 2064 6973 6b2e 696d 6720 6d6f -r 2 disk.img mo\n-00002e80: 756e 742d 706f 696e 740a 0ae2 8098 2d76 unt-point.....-v\n-00002e90: e280 990a e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 .......--verbose\n-00002ea0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 .... Print v\n-00002eb0: 6572 626f 7365 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e erbose messages.\n-00002ec0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00002ed0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f nfo, Node: Invo\n-00002ee0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c king grub-probe,\n-00002ef0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Next: Invoking\n-00002f00: 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 grub-script-che\n-00002f10: 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b ck, Prev: Invok\n-00002f20: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 ing grub-mount, \n-00002f30: 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 Up: User-space \n-00002f40: 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3720 utilities..24.7 \n-00002f50: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 Invoking grub-pr\n-00002f60: 6f62 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d obe.============\n-00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00002f80: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 e program ...gru\n-00002f90: 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6265 b-probe... probe\n-00002fa0: 7320 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 s device informa\n-00002fb0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e tion for a given\n-00002fc0: 2070 6174 6820 6f72 0a64 6576 6963 652e path or.device.\n-00002fd0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 .. grub-prob\n-00002fe0: 6520 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d66 7320 2f62 e --target=fs /b\n-00002ff0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 6772 oot/grub. gr\n-00003000: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 202d 2d74 6172 6765 ub-probe --targe\n-00003010: 743d 6472 6976 6520 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 t=drive --device\n-00003020: 202f 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 20e2 /dev/sda1.. .\n-00003030: 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 ..grub-probe... \n-00003040: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 must be given a \n-00003050: 7061 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 path or device a\n-00003060: 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 s a non-option a\n-00003070: 7267 756d 656e 742c 0a61 6e64 2061 6c73 rgument,.and als\n-00003080: 6f20 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f o accepts the fo\n-00003090: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a llowing options:\n-000030a0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 .....--help.... \n-000030b0: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d Print a summ\n-000030c0: 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ary of the comma\n-000030d0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 nd-line options \n-000030e0: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d and exit......--\n-000030f0: 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 version.... \n-00003100: 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f Print the versio\n-00003110: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 n number of GRUB\n-00003120: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n-00003130: 64e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 d.......--device\n-00003140: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 .... If this\n-00003150: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e option is given\n-00003160: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 206e 6f6e 2d6f , then the non-o\n-00003170: 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 ption argument i\n-00003180: 7320 6120 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 s a system. \n-00003190: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 2873 7563 device name (suc\n-000031a0: 6820 6173 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 h as .../dev/sda\n-000031b0: 31e2 8099 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 1...), and ...gr\n-000031c0: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c ub-probe... will\n-000031d0: 2070 7269 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f print. info\n-000031e0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 rmation about th\n-000031f0: 6174 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 2069 at device. If i\n-00003200: 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2067 6976 656e 2c20 t is not given, \n-00003210: 7468 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f then the. no\n-00003220: 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e n-option argumen\n-00003230: 7420 6973 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 t is a filesyste\n-00003240: 6d20 7061 7468 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 m path (such as \n-00003250: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 .../boot/grub...\n-00003260: 292c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9867 ),. and ...g\n-00003270: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c rub-probe... wil\n-00003280: 6c20 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 l print informat\n-00003290: 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6465 ion about the de\n-000032a0: 7669 6365 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 670a vice containing.\n-000032b0: 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7061 7274 206f that part o\n-000032c0: 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d f the filesystem\n-000032d0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6d 2046 494c 45e2 8099 ......-m FILE...\n-000032e0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 ....--device-map\n-000032f0: 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 =FILE.... Us\n-00003300: 6520 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 6465 e FILE as the de\n-00003310: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 vice map (*note \n-00003320: 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 7261 Device map::) ra\n-00003330: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 650a 2020 ther than the. \n-00003340: 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7573 7561 default, usua\n-00003350: 6c6c 7920 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 lly .../boot/gru\n-00003360: 622f 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 992e b/device.map....\n-00003370: 0a0a e280 982d 7420 5441 5247 4554 e280 .....-t TARGET..\n-00003380: 990a e280 982d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 5441 .....--target=TA\n-00003390: 5247 4554 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 RGET.... 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Sy\n-00003930: 7374 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 stem device name\n-00003940: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2064 for the whole d\n-00003950: 6973 6b2e 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 isk......-v.....\n-00003960: 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 ..--verbose.... \n-00003970: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 7262 6f73 Print verbos\n-00003980: 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 e messages.....F\n-00003990: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000039a0: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Node: Invoking \n-000039b0: 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 grub-script-chec\n-000039c0: 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 k, Prev: Invoki\n-000039d0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 ng grub-probe, \n-000039e0: 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 Up: User-space u\n-000039f0: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e38 2049 tilities..24.8 I\n-00003a00: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 nvoking grub-scr\n-00003a10: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ipt-check.======\n+00002320: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n+00002330: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 gram ...grub-mou\n+00002340: 6e74 e280 9920 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 nt... performs a\n+00002350: 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 read-only mount\n+00002360: 206f 6620 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 of any file sys\n+00002370: 7465 6d0a 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 tem.or file syst\n+00002380: 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 em image that GR\n+00002390: 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2c20 UB understands, \n+000023a0: 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2773 2066 696c using GRUB's fil\n+000023b0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a64 7269 7665 7273 e system.drivers\n+000023c0: 2076 6961 2046 5553 452e 2028 4974 2069 via FUSE. (It i\n+000023d0: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n+000023e0: 2069 6620 4655 5345 2064 6576 656c 6f70 if FUSE develop\n+000023f0: 6d65 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2077 6572 650a ment files were.\n+00002400: 7072 6573 656e 7420 7768 656e 2047 5255 present when GRU\n+00002410: 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 742e 2920 2054 B was built.) T\n+00002420: 6869 7320 6861 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 his has a number\n+00002430: 206f 6620 7573 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 of uses:.. ..\n+00002440: a220 4974 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 . It provides a \n+00002450: 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e74 2077 6179 2074 convenient way t\n+00002460: 6f20 6368 6563 6b20 686f 7720 4752 5542 o check how GRUB\n+00002470: 2077 696c 6c20 7669 6577 2061 2066 696c will view a fil\n+00002480: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 e. system at\n+00002490: 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2e20 2059 6f75 boot time. You\n+000024a0: 2063 616e 2075 7365 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 can use normal \n+000024b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2074 6f6f command-line too\n+000024c0: 6c73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 ls to. compa\n+000024d0: 7265 2074 6861 7420 7669 6577 2077 6974 re that view wit\n+000024e0: 6820 7468 6174 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f h that of your o\n+000024f0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c perating system,\n+00002500: 206d 616b 696e 6720 6974 0a20 2020 2020 making it. \n+00002510: 6561 7379 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2062 7567 easy to find bug\n+00002520: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 6f66 s... ... It of\n+00002530: 6665 7273 2074 7275 6520 7265 6164 2d6f fers true read-o\n+00002540: 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 7473 2e20 204c 696e nly mounts. 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It a\n+000026e0: 6c6c 6f77 7320 796f 7520 746f 2065 7861 llows you to exa\n+000026f0: 6d69 6e65 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 mine any file sy\n+00002700: 7374 656d 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 stem that GRUB u\n+00002710: 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 nderstands. \n+00002720: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 without needing \n+00002730: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e to load addition\n+00002740: 616c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 al modules into \n+00002750: 796f 7572 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 your running. \n+00002760: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7768 6963 6820 kernel, which \n+00002770: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e may be useful in\n+00002780: 2063 6f6e 7374 7261 696e 6564 2065 6e76 constrained env\n+00002790: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 7320 7375 6368 2061 ironments such a\n+000027a0: 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 s. installer\n+000027b0: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 696e 6365 s... ... Since\n+000027c0: 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6578 616d 696e 6520 it can examine \n+000027d0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 file system imag\n+000027e0: 6573 2028 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e es (contained in\n+000027f0: 2072 6567 756c 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6669 regular. fi\n+00002800: 6c65 7329 206a 7573 7420 6173 2065 6173 les) just as eas\n+00002810: 696c 7920 6173 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 ily as file syst\n+00002820: 656d 7320 6f6e 2062 6c6f 636b 2064 6576 ems on block dev\n+00002830: 6963 6573 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 ices, you can us\n+00002840: 650a 2020 2020 2069 7420 746f 2069 6e73 e. it to ins\n+00002850: 7065 6374 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 pect any file sy\n+00002860: 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 stem image that \n+00002870: 4752 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 GRUB understands\n+00002880: 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 with only. \n+00002890: 656e 6f75 6768 2070 7269 7669 6c65 6765 enough privilege\n+000028a0: 7320 746f 2075 7365 2046 5553 452c 2065 s to use FUSE, e\n+000028b0: 7665 6e20 6966 206e 6f62 6f64 7920 6861 ven if nobody ha\n+000028c0: 7320 7965 7420 7772 6974 7465 6e20 610a s yet written a.\n+000028d0: 2020 2020 2046 5553 4520 6d6f 6475 6c65 FUSE module\n+000028e0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 6c6c 7920 666f specifically fo\n+000028f0: 7220 7468 6174 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 r that file syst\n+00002900: 656d 2074 7970 652e 0a0a 2020 2055 7369 em type... Usi\n+00002910: 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 ng ...grub-mount\n+00002920: e280 9920 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 ... is normally \n+00002930: 6173 2073 696d 706c 6520 6173 3a0a 0a20 as simple as:.. \n+00002940: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202f grub-mount /\n+00002950: 6465 762f 7364 6131 202f 6d6e 740a 0a20 dev/sda1 /mnt.. \n+00002960: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 ...grub-mount.\n+00002970: 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e .. must be given\n+00002980: 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6d61 one or more ima\n+00002990: 6765 7320 616e 6420 6120 6d6f 756e 7420 ges and a mount \n+000029a0: 706f 696e 7420 6173 0a6e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 point as.non-opt\n+000029b0: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 2869 ion arguments (i\n+000029c0: 6620 6974 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d6f f it is given mo\n+000029d0: 7265 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 696d 6167 re than one imag\n+000029e0: 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7265 6174 e, it will treat\n+000029f0: 0a74 6865 6d20 6173 2061 2052 4149 4420 .them as a RAID \n+00002a00: 7365 7429 2c20 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 set), and also a\n+00002a10: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n+00002a20: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 wing options:...\n+00002a30: 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..--help.... \n+00002a40: 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 Print a summary\n+00002a50: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d of the command-\n+00002a60: 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 line options and\n+00002a70: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 exit......--ver\n+00002a80: 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 sion.... Pri\n+00002a90: 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e nt the version n\n+00002aa0: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e umber of GRUB an\n+00002ab0: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d43 e280 d exit......-C..\n+00002ac0: 990a e280 982d 2d63 7279 7074 6fe2 8099 .....--crypto...\n+00002ad0: 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 656e 6372 . Mount encr\n+00002ae0: 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 732c 2070 ypted devices, p\n+00002af0: 726f 6d70 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 2070 rompting for a p\n+00002b00: 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 6966 206e 6563 assphrase if nec\n+00002b10: 6573 7361 7279 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 2053 essary......-d S\n+00002b20: 5452 494e 47e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 TRING.......--de\n+00002b30: 6275 673d 5354 5249 4e47 e280 990a 2020 bug=STRING.... \n+00002b40: 2020 2053 686f 7720 6465 6275 6767 696e Show debuggin\n+00002b50: 6720 6f75 7470 7574 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e g output for con\n+00002b60: 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 ditions matching\n+00002b70: 2053 5452 494e 472e 0a0a e280 982d 4b20 STRING......-K \n+00002b80: 7072 6f6d 7074 7c46 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 prompt|FILE.....\n+00002b90: 8098 2d2d 7a66 732d 6b65 793d 7072 6f6d ..--zfs-key=prom\n+00002ba0: 7074 7c46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 pt|FILE.... \n+00002bb0: 4c6f 6164 2061 205a 4653 2065 6e63 7279 Load a ZFS encry\n+00002bc0: 7074 696f 6e20 6b65 792e 2020 4966 2079 ption key. If y\n+00002bd0: 6f75 2075 7365 20e2 8098 7072 6f6d 7074 ou use ...prompt\n+00002be0: e280 9920 6173 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d ... as the argum\n+00002bf0: 656e 742c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 7275 ent,. ...gru\n+00002c00: 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 b-mount... will \n+00002c10: 7265 6164 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 read a passphras\n+00002c20: 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 e from the termi\n+00002c30: 6e61 6c3b 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a nal; otherwise,.\n+00002c40: 2020 2020 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 it will rea\n+00002c50: 6420 6b65 7920 6d61 7465 7269 616c 2066 d key material f\n+00002c60: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 rom the specifie\n+00002c70: 6420 6669 6c65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d72 2044 d file......-r D\n+00002c80: 4556 4943 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f EVICE.......--ro\n+00002c90: 6f74 3d44 4556 4943 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 ot=DEVICE.... \n+00002ca0: 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2072 Set the GRUB r\n+00002cb0: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 4445 oot device to DE\n+00002cc0: 5649 4345 2e20 2059 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f VICE. You do no\n+00002cd0: 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206e 6565 6420 t normally need \n+00002ce0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 to. set this\n+00002cf0: 3b20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 ; ...grub-mount.\n+00002d00: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 .. will automati\n+00002d10: 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f cally set the ro\n+00002d20: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 0a20 2020 ot device to. \n+00002d30: 2020 7468 6520 726f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 the root of th\n+00002d40: 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2066 696c 6520 e supplied file \n+00002d50: 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 system... If\n+00002d60: 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 206a 7573 7420 DEVICE is just \n+00002d70: 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2069 a number, then i\n+00002d80: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 t will be treate\n+00002d90: 6420 6173 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e d as a partition\n+00002da0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2077 6974 . number wit\n+00002db0: 6869 6e20 7468 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 hin the supplied\n+00002dc0: 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 image. This me\n+00002dd0: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 ans that, if you\n+00002de0: 2068 6176 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 696d have an. im\n+00002df0: 6167 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 656e 7469 7265 age of an entire\n+00002e00: 2064 6973 6b20 696e 20e2 8098 6469 736b disk in ...disk\n+00002e10: 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 796f .img..., then yo\n+00002e20: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 6973 0a20 u can use this. \n+00002e30: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 206d command to m\n+00002e40: 6f75 6e74 2069 7473 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 ount its second \n+00002e50: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 partition:.. \n+00002e60: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 grub-mount\n+00002e70: 202d 7220 3220 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 206d -r 2 disk.img m\n+00002e80: 6f75 6e74 2d70 6f69 6e74 0a0a e280 982d ount-point.....-\n+00002e90: 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 v.......--verbos\n+00002ea0: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 e.... 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U\n+00003300: 7365 2046 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 2064 se FILE as the d\n+00003310: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 282a 6e6f 7465 evice map (*note\n+00003320: 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2072 Device map::) r\n+00003330: 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 0a20 ather than the. \n+00003340: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 742c 2075 7375 default, usu\n+00003350: 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 ally .../boot/gr\n+00003360: 7562 2f64 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 ub/device.map...\n+00003370: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d74 2054 4152 4745 54e2 ......-t TARGET.\n+00003380: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d54 ......--target=T\n+00003390: 4152 4745 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 ARGET.... Pr\n+000033a0: 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 int information \n+000033b0: 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 about the given \n+000033c0: 7061 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 path or device a\n+000033d0: 7320 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6279 0a20 2020 s defined by. \n+000033e0: 2020 5441 5247 4554 2e20 2054 6865 2061 TARGET. The a\n+000033f0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6172 6765 7473 vailable targets\n+00003400: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6972 206d 6561 6e69 and their meani\n+00003410: 6e67 7320 6172 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 ngs are:.. .\n+00003420: 8098 6673 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..fs.... \n+00003430: 2020 4752 5542 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 GRUB filesyste\n+00003440: 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 m module.. .\n+00003450: 8098 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 ..fs_uuid.... \n+00003460: 2020 2020 2020 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 Filesyste\n+00003470: 6d20 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 7920 556e m Universally Un\n+00003480: 6971 7565 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 ique Identifier \n+00003490: 2855 5549 4429 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 (UUID).. ...\n+000034a0: 6673 5f6c 6162 656c e280 990a 2020 2020 fs_label.... \n+000034b0: 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Filesystem\n+000034c0: 206c 6162 656c 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 label.. ...\n+000034d0: 6472 6976 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 drive.... \n+000034e0: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e GRUB device n\n+000034f0: 616d 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6576 ame.. ...dev\n+00003500: 6963 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ice.... \n+00003510: 2053 7973 7465 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e System device n\n+00003520: 616d 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9870 6172 ame.. ...par\n+00003530: 746d 6170 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 tmap.... \n+00003540: 2020 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e GRUB partition\n+00003550: 206d 6170 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 map module.. \n+00003560: 2020 e280 9861 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e ...abstraction\n+00003570: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 .... GR\n+00003580: 5542 2061 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 206d UB abstraction m\n+00003590: 6f64 756c 6520 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 odule (e.g. ...\n+000035a0: 6c76 6de2 8099 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 lvm...).. ..\n+000035b0: 9863 7279 7074 6f64 6973 6b5f 7575 6964 .cryptodisk_uuid\n+000035c0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4372 .... Cr\n+000035d0: 7970 746f 2064 6576 6963 6520 5555 4944 ypto device UUID\n+000035e0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d73 646f 735f .. ...msdos_\n+000035f0: 7061 7274 7479 7065 e280 990a 2020 2020 parttype.... \n+00003600: 2020 2020 2020 4d42 5220 7061 7274 6974 MBR partit\n+00003610: 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2063 6f64 6520 2874 ion type code (t\n+00003620: 776f 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 wo hexadecimal d\n+00003630: 6967 6974 7329 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 igits).. ...\n+00003640: 6869 6e74 735f 7374 7269 6e67 e280 990a hints_string....\n+00003650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4120 7374 7269 A stri\n+00003660: 6e67 206f 6620 706c 6174 666f 726d 2073 ng of platform s\n+00003670: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 7375 6974 earch hints suit\n+00003680: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7369 6e67 able for passing\n+00003690: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 to the. \n+000036a0: 2020 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2063 ...search... c\n+000036b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 ommand (*note se\n+000036c0: 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 arch::).. ..\n+000036d0: 9862 696f 735f 6869 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 .bios_hints.... \n+000036e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 Search \n+000036f0: 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 5043 hints for the PC\n+00003700: 2042 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a BIOS platform..\n+00003710: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 ...ieee1275\n+00003720: 5f68 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 _hints.... \n+00003730: 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 Search hints\n+00003740: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2049 4545 4531 3237 for the IEEE127\n+00003750: 3520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 5 platform.. \n+00003760: 20e2 8098 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c5f 6869 ...baremetal_hi\n+00003770: 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nts.... \n+00003780: 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f Search hints fo\n+00003790: 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7768 6572 r platforms wher\n+000037a0: 6520 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6164 6472 e disks are addr\n+000037b0: 6573 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 essed directly. \n+000037c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6174 6865 7220 rather \n+000037d0: 7468 616e 2076 6961 2066 6972 6d77 6172 than via firmwar\n+000037e0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9865 6669 5f68 e.. ...efi_h\n+000037f0: 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ints.... \n+00003800: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 Search hints f\n+00003810: 6f72 2074 6865 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 or the EFI platf\n+00003820: 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 7263 orm.. ...arc\n+00003830: 5f68 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 _hints.... \n+00003840: 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 Search hints\n+00003850: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2041 5243 2070 6c61 for the ARC pla\n+00003860: 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 tform.. ...c\n+00003870: 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 5f68 696e ompatibility_hin\n+00003880: 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 t.... A\n+00003890: 2067 7565 7373 2061 7420 6120 7265 6173 guess at a reas\n+000038a0: 6f6e 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 6472 6976 onable GRUB driv\n+000038b0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 e name for this \n+000038c0: 6465 7669 6365 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 device, which. \n+000038d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6265 2075 may be u\n+000038e0: 7365 6420 6173 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 sed as a fallbac\n+000038f0: 6b20 6966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 k if the ...sear\n+00003900: 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6661 ch... command fa\n+00003910: 696c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6973 ils.. ...dis\n+00003920: 6be2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 k.... S\n+00003930: 7973 7465 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d ystem device nam\n+00003940: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 e for the whole \n+00003950: 6469 736b 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a disk......-v....\n+00003960: e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a ...--verbose....\n+00003970: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 626f Print verbo\n+00003980: 7365 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a se messages.....\n+00003990: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000039a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n+000039b0: 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 grub-script-che\n+000039c0: 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b ck, Prev: Invok\n+000039d0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 ing grub-probe, \n+000039e0: 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 Up: User-space \n+000039f0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3820 utilities..24.8 \n+00003a00: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 Invoking grub-sc\n+00003a10: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ript-check.=====\n 00003a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 =========..The p\n-00003a40: 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 rogram ...grub-s\n-00003a50: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2074 cript-check... t\n-00003a60: 616b 6573 2061 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 akes a GRUB scri\n-00003a70: 7074 2066 696c 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 0a53 pt file (*note.S\n-00003a80: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 hell-like script\n-00003a90: 696e 673a 3a29 2061 6e64 2063 6865 636b ing::) and check\n-00003aa0: 7320 6974 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 s it for syntax \n-00003ab0: 6572 726f 7273 2c20 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 errors, similar \n-00003ac0: 746f 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 to.commands such\n-00003ad0: 2061 7320 e280 9873 6820 2d6e e280 992e as ...sh -n....\n-00003ae0: 2020 4974 206d 6179 2074 616b 6520 6120 It may take a \n-00003af0: 5041 5448 2061 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 PATH as a non-op\n-00003b00: 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 743b 0a69 tion argument;.i\n-00003b10: 6620 6e6f 6e65 2069 7320 7375 7070 6c69 f none is suppli\n-00003b20: 6564 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 ed, it will read\n-00003b30: 2066 726f 6d20 7374 616e 6461 7264 2069 from standard i\n-00003b40: 6e70 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 nput... grub\n-00003b50: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b20 2f62 -script-check /b\n-00003b60: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 oot/grub/grub.cf\n-00003b70: 670a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 g.. ...grub-sc\n-00003b80: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 6163 ript-check... ac\n-00003b90: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n-00003ba0: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 ing options:....\n-00003bb0: 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .--help.... \n-00003bc0: 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 Print a summary \n-00003bd0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c of the command-l\n-00003be0: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 ine options and \n-00003bf0: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 exit......--vers\n-00003c00: 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e ion.... Prin\n-00003c10: 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 t the version nu\n-00003c20: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 mber of GRUB and\n-00003c30: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 exit......-v...\n-00003c40: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 ....--verbose...\n-00003c50: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6561 6368 . Print each\n-00003c60: 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2061 line of input a\n-00003c70: 6674 6572 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 742e fter reading it.\n-00003c80: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00003c90: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 nfo, Node: Obta\n-00003ca0: 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 ining and Buildi\n-00003cb0: 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ng GRUB, Next: \n-00003cc0: 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 Reporting bugs, \n-00003cd0: 2050 7265 763a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 Prev: User-spac\n-00003ce0: 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 5570 e utilities, Up\n-00003cf0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 : Top..Appendix \n-00003d00: 4120 486f 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 A How to obtain \n-00003d10: 616e 6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a and build GRUB.*\n+00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00003a40: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d program ...grub-\n+00003a50: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 script-check... \n+00003a60: 7461 6b65 7320 6120 4752 5542 2073 6372 takes a GRUB scr\n+00003a70: 6970 7420 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a ipt file (*note.\n+00003a80: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n+00003a90: 7469 6e67 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 6368 6563 ting::) and chec\n+00003aa0: 6b73 2069 7420 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 ks it for syntax\n+00003ab0: 2065 7272 6f72 732c 2073 696d 696c 6172 errors, similar\n+00003ac0: 2074 6f0a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 7563 to.commands suc\n+00003ad0: 6820 6173 20e2 8098 7368 202d 6ee2 8099 h as ...sh -n...\n+00003ae0: 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 7920 7461 6b65 2061 . It may take a\n+00003af0: 2050 4154 4820 6173 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f PATH as a non-o\n+00003b00: 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 3b0a ption argument;.\n+00003b10: 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 6973 2073 7570 706c if none is suppl\n+00003b20: 6965 642c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 ied, it will rea\n+00003b30: 6420 6672 6f6d 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 d from standard \n+00003b40: 696e 7075 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 input... gru\n+00003b50: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 202f b-script-check /\n+00003b60: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n+00003b70: 6667 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 fg.. ...grub-s\n+00003b80: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2061 cript-check... a\n+00003b90: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n+00003ba0: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 wing options:...\n+00003bb0: 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..--help.... \n+00003bc0: 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 Print a summary\n+00003bd0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d of the command-\n+00003be0: 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 line options and\n+00003bf0: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 exit......--ver\n+00003c00: 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 sion.... Pri\n+00003c10: 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e nt the version n\n+00003c20: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e umber of GRUB an\n+00003c30: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 d exit......-v..\n+00003c40: 990a e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 .....--verbose..\n+00003c50: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2065 6163 .. Print eac\n+00003c60: 6820 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 h line of input \n+00003c70: 6166 7465 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6974 after reading it\n+00003c80: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00003c90: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 6274 info, Node: Obt\n+00003ca0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n+00003cb0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 204e 6578 743a ing GRUB, Next:\n+00003cc0: 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c Reporting bugs,\n+00003cd0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 Prev: User-spa\n+00003ce0: 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 2055 ce utilities, U\n+00003cf0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 p: Top..Appendix\n+00003d00: 2041 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 6f62 7461 696e A How to obtain\n+00003d10: 2061 6e64 2062 7569 6c64 2047 5255 420a and build GRUB.\n 00003d20: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 00003d30: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00003d40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4361 ******.. *Ca\n-00003d50: 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 4752 5542 2072 6571 ution:* GRUB req\n-00003d60: 7569 7265 7320 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 2d32 uires binutils-2\n-00003d70: 2e39 2e31 2e30 2e32 3320 6f72 206c 6174 .9.1.0.23 or lat\n-00003d80: 6572 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 er because the. \n-00003d90: 2020 2020 474e 5520 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 GNU assemble\n-00003da0: 7220 6861 7320 6265 656e 2063 6861 6e67 r has been chang\n-00003db0: 6564 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 ed so that it ca\n-00003dc0: 6e20 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7265 616c 2031 n produce real 1\n-00003dd0: 3662 6974 730a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6bits. machi\n-00003de0: 6e65 2063 6f64 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 ne code between \n-00003df0: 322e 392e 3120 616e 6420 322e 392e 312e 2.9.1 and 2.9.1.\n-00003e00: 302e 782e 2020 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c 0.x. See. <\n-00003e10: 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6f75 7263 6573 2e72 http://sources.r\n-00003e20: 6564 6861 742e 636f 6d2f 6269 6e75 7469 edhat.com/binuti\n-00003e30: 6c73 2f3e 2c20 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 ls/>, to obtain \n-00003e40: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2068 information on h\n-00003e50: 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2067 6574 2074 ow. to get t\n-00003e60: 6865 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f he latest versio\n-00003e70: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 n... GRUB is a\n-00003e80: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 vailable from th\n-00003e90: 6520 474e 5520 616c 7068 6120 6172 6368 e GNU alpha arch\n-00003ea0: 6976 6520 7369 7465 0a3c 6674 703a 2f2f ive site. or any of \n-00003ed0: 6974 7320 6d69 7272 6f72 732e 2020 5468 its mirrors. Th\n-00003ee0: 6520 6669 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a6e e file will be.n\n-00003ef0: 616d 6564 2067 7275 622d 7665 7273 696f amed grub-versio\n-00003f00: 6e2e 7461 722e 677a 2e20 2054 6865 2063 n.tar.gz. The c\n-00003f10: 7572 7265 6e74 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 urrent version i\n-00003f20: 7320 322e 3132 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 s 2.12, so the f\n-00003f30: 696c 6520 796f 750a 7368 6f75 6c64 2067 ile you.should g\n-00003f40: 7261 6220 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 3c66 7470 rab is:.. .. To\n-00003f80: 2075 6e62 756e 646c 6520 4752 5542 2075 unbundle GRUB u\n-00003f90: 7365 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 se the instructi\n-00003fa0: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7a63 6174 2067 on:.. zcat g\n-00003fb0: 7275 622d 322e 3132 2e74 6172 2e67 7a20 rub-2.12.tar.gz \n-00003fc0: 7c20 7461 7220 7876 6620 2d0a 0a20 2020 | tar xvf -.. \n-00003fd0: 7768 6963 6820 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 which will creat\n-00003fe0: 6520 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6361 e a directory ca\n-00003ff0: 6c6c 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 lled ...grub-2.1\n-00004000: 32e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 7468 2... with all th\n-00004010: 650a 736f 7572 6365 732e 2020 596f 7520 e.sources. You \n-00004020: 6361 6e20 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 can look at the \n-00004030: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 494e 5354 414c 4ce2 file ...INSTALL.\n-00004040: 8099 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 .. for detailed \n-00004050: 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 0a6f 6e20 instructions.on \n-00004060: 686f 7720 746f 2062 7569 6c64 2061 6e64 how to build and\n-00004070: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 2062 install GRUB, b\n-00004080: 7574 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 ut you should be\n-00004090: 2061 626c 6520 746f 206a 7573 7420 646f able to just do\n-000040a0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6364 2067 7275 622d :.. cd grub-\n-000040b0: 322e 3132 0a20 2020 2020 2e2f 636f 6e66 2.12. ./conf\n-000040c0: 6967 7572 650a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 igure. make \n-000040d0: 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 0a20 2020 416c 736f install.. Also\n-000040e0: 2c20 7468 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 , the latest ver\n-000040f0: 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c sion is availabl\n-00004100: 6520 7573 696e 6720 4769 742e 2020 5365 e using Git. Se\n-00004110: 650a 3c68 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e e. for more\n-00004150: 0a69 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f .information....\n-00004160: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00004170: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 , Node: Reporti\n-00004180: 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ng bugs, Next: \n-00004190: 4675 7475 7265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f Future, Prev: O\n-000041a0: 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 btaining and Bui\n-000041b0: 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a lding GRUB, Up:\n-000041c0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2042 Top..Appendix B\n-000041d0: 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 730a Reporting bugs.\n-000041e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 7365 *********..These\n-00004200: 2061 7265 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 are the guideli\n-00004210: 6e65 2066 6f72 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 ne for how to re\n-00004220: 706f 7274 2062 7567 732e 2020 5461 6b65 port bugs. Take\n-00004230: 2061 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6869 730a a look at this.\n-00004240: 6c69 7374 2062 656c 6f77 2062 6566 6f72 list below befor\n-00004250: 6520 796f 7520 7375 626d 6974 2062 7567 e you submit bug\n-00004260: 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2042 6566 6f72 6520 s:.. 1. Before \n-00004270: 6765 7474 696e 6720 756e 7365 7474 6c65 getting unsettle\n-00004280: 642c 2072 6561 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e d, read this man\n-00004290: 7561 6c20 7468 726f 7567 6820 616e 6420 ual through and \n-000042a0: 7468 726f 7567 682e 0a20 2020 2020 416c through.. Al\n-000042b0: 736f 2c20 7365 6520 7468 6520 474e 5520 so, see the GNU \n-000042c0: 4752 5542 2046 4151 0a20 2020 2020 2868 GRUB FAQ. (h\n-000042d0: 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e 752e 6f72 ttp://www.gnu.or\n-000042e0: 672f 736f 6674 7761 7265 2f67 7275 622f g/software/grub/\n-000042f0: 6772 7562 2d66 6171 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a grub-faq.html)..\n-00004300: 0a20 2032 2e20 416c 7761 7973 206d 656e . 2. Always men\n-00004310: 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 tion the informa\n-00004320: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2047 5255 tion on your GRU\n-00004330: 422e 2054 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e B. The version n\n-00004340: 756d 6265 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 umber and. t\n-00004350: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he configuration\n-00004360: 2061 7265 2071 7569 7465 2069 6d70 6f72 are quite impor\n-00004370: 7461 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6275 tant. If you bu\n-00004380: 696c 6420 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662c ild it yourself,\n-00004390: 0a20 2020 2020 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 . write the \n-000043a0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 options specifie\n-000043b0: 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 d to the configu\n-000043c0: 7265 2073 6372 6970 7420 616e 6420 796f re script and yo\n-000043d0: 7572 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e ur. operatin\n-000043e0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 696e 636c 7564 g system, includ\n-000043f0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e73 ing the versions\n-00004400: 206f 6620 6763 6320 616e 6420 6269 6e75 of gcc and binu\n-00004410: 7469 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 2079 tils... 3. If y\n-00004420: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7472 6f75 626c 6520 ou have trouble \n-00004430: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c with the install\n-00004440: 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 6e66 6f72 6d20 7573 ation, inform us\n-00004450: 206f 6620 686f 7720 796f 750a 2020 2020 of how you. \n-00004460: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2047 5255 422e installed GRUB.\n-00004470: 2044 6f6e 2774 206f 6d69 7420 6572 726f Don't omit erro\n-00004480: 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 6966 2061 r messages, if a\n-00004490: 6e79 2e20 204a 7573 7420 e280 9847 5255 ny. Just ...GRU\n-000044a0: 420a 2020 2020 2068 616e 6773 2075 7020 B. hangs up \n-000044b0: 7768 656e 2069 7420 626f 6f74 73e2 8099 when it boots...\n-000044c0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 656e 6f75 6768 2e0a is not enough..\n-000044d0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 696e 666f 726d . The inform\n-000044e0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 ation on your ha\n-000044f0: 7264 7761 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 2065 rdware is also e\n-00004500: 7373 656e 7469 616c 2e20 2054 6865 7365 ssential. These\n-00004510: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6573 7065 6369 are. especi\n-00004520: 616c 6c79 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 3a20 ally important: \n-00004530: 7468 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7269 6573 2061 the geometries a\n-00004540: 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e nd the partition\n-00004550: 2074 6162 6c65 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 tables of. \n-00004560: 796f 7572 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 your hard disk d\n-00004570: 7269 7665 7320 616e 6420 796f 7572 2042 rives and your B\n-00004580: 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 342e 2049 6620 4752 IOS... 4. If GR\n-00004590: 5542 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 2079 UB cannot boot y\n-000045a0: 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 our operating sy\n-000045b0: 7374 656d 2c20 7772 6974 6520 646f 776e stem, write down\n-000045c0: 205f 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 5f0a 2020 _everything_. \n-000045d0: 2020 2079 6f75 2073 6565 206f 6e20 7468 you see on th\n-000045e0: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2044 6f6e 2774 e screen. Don't\n-000045f0: 2070 6172 6170 6872 6173 6520 7468 656d paraphrase them\n-00004600: 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 5468 6520 666f , like ...The fo\n-00004610: 6f20 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 o OS. crashe\n-00004620: 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2065 7665 s with GRUB, eve\n-00004630: 6e20 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 6361 6e20 n though it can \n-00004640: 626f 6f74 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 boot with the ba\n-00004650: 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 2020 r boot loader. \n-00004660: 2020 206a 7573 7420 6669 6e65 e280 992e just fine....\n-00004670: 2020 4d65 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 6520 636f Mention the co\n-00004680: 6d6d 616e 6473 2079 6f75 2065 7865 6375 mmands you execu\n-00004690: 7465 642c 2074 6865 206d 6573 7361 6765 ted, the message\n-000046a0: 730a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 s. printed b\n-000046b0: 7920 7468 656d 2c20 616e 6420 696e 666f y them, and info\n-000046c0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 rmation on your \n-000046d0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-000046e0: 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 including. \n-000046f0: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n-00004700: 6572 2e0a 0a20 2035 2e20 4578 706c 6169 er... 5. Explai\n-00004710: 6e20 7768 6174 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7465 n what you wante\n-00004720: 6420 746f 2064 6f2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 d to do. It is \n-00004730: 7665 7279 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 206b very useful to k\n-00004740: 6e6f 7720 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7075 now your. pu\n-00004750: 7270 6f73 6520 616e 6420 796f 7572 2077 rpose and your w\n-00004760: 6973 682c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2047 5255 ish, and how GRU\n-00004770: 4220 6469 646e 2774 2073 6174 6973 6679 B didn't satisfy\n-00004780: 2079 6f75 2e0a 0a20 2036 2e20 4966 2079 you... 6. If y\n-00004790: 6f75 2063 616e 2069 6e76 6573 7469 6761 ou can investiga\n-000047a0: 7465 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 te the problem y\n-000047b0: 6f75 7273 656c 662c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 ourself, please \n-000047c0: 646f 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 do. That will. \n-000047d0: 2020 2020 6769 7665 2079 6f75 2061 6e64 give you and\n-000047e0: 2075 7320 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 696e us much more in\n-000047f0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 formation on the\n-00004800: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e20 2041 7474 6163 problem. Attac\n-00004810: 6869 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 hing a. patc\n-00004820: 6820 6973 2065 7665 6e20 6265 7474 6572 h is even better\n-00004830: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2079 6f75 ... When you\n-00004840: 2061 7474 6163 6820 6120 7061 7463 682c attach a patch,\n-00004850: 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7463 6820 make the patch \n-00004860: 696e 2075 6e69 6669 6564 2064 6966 6620 in unified diff \n-00004870: 666f 726d 6174 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 format, and. \n-00004880: 2077 7269 7465 2043 6861 6e67 654c 6f67 write ChangeLog\n-00004890: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2042 7574 2c20 entries. But, \n-000048a0: 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6d61 even when you ma\n-000048b0: 6b65 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 646f 6e27 ke a patch, don'\n-000048c0: 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6765 7420 746f t. forget to\n-000048d0: 2065 7870 6c61 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f explain the pro\n-000048e0: 626c 656d 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 7765 blem, so that we\n-000048f0: 2063 616e 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 can understand \n-00004900: 7768 6174 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 what your. p\n-00004910: 6174 6368 2069 7320 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 atch is for... \n-00004920: 372e 2057 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 616e 7. Write down an\n-00004930: 7974 6869 6e67 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 ything that you \n-00004940: 7468 696e 6b20 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2072 think might be r\n-00004950: 656c 6174 6564 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 650a elated. Please.\n-00004960: 2020 2020 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 understand \n-00004970: 7468 6174 2077 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6e65 that we often ne\n-00004980: 6564 2074 6f20 7265 7072 6f64 7563 6520 ed to reproduce \n-00004990: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2070 726f 626c 656d the same problem\n-000049a0: 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636f 756e you. encoun\n-000049b0: 7465 7265 6420 696e 206f 7572 2065 6e76 tered in our env\n-000049c0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 2053 6f20 796f ironment. So yo\n-000049d0: 7572 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2073 ur information s\n-000049e0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 hould be. su\n-000049f0: 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2066 6f72 2075 7320 fficient for us \n-00004a00: 746f 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2074 to do the same t\n-00004a10: 6869 6e67 2d2d 446f 6e27 7420 666f 7267 hing--Don't forg\n-00004a20: 6574 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 616e 6e6f et that we canno\n-00004a30: 740a 2020 2020 2073 6565 2079 6f75 7220 t. see your \n-00004a40: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c computer directl\n-00004a50: 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e y. If you are n\n-00004a60: 6f74 2073 7572 6520 7768 6574 6865 7220 ot sure whether \n-00004a70: 746f 2073 7461 7465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 to state a. \n-00004a80: 6661 6374 206f 7220 6c65 6176 6520 6974 fact or leave it\n-00004a90: 206f 7574 2c20 7374 6174 6520 6974 2120 out, state it! \n-00004aa0: 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2074 6f6f 206d Reporting too m\n-00004ab0: 616e 7920 7468 696e 6773 2069 7320 6d75 any things is mu\n-00004ac0: 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6265 7474 6572 2074 ch. better t\n-00004ad0: 6861 6e20 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d han omitting som\n-00004ae0: 6574 6869 6e67 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 ething important\n-00004af0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2066 6f6c ... If you fol\n-00004b00: 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e low the guidelin\n-00004b10: 6520 6162 6f76 652c 2073 7562 6d69 7420 e above, submit \n-00004b20: 6120 7265 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 a report to the \n-00004b30: 4275 670a 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 Bug.Tracking Sys\n-00004b40: 7465 6d20 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7361 7661 tem (http://sava\n-00004b50: 6e6e 6168 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f62 7567 nnah.gnu.org/bug\n-00004b60: 732f 3f67 726f 7570 3d67 7275 6229 2e0a s/?group=grub)..\n-00004b70: 416c 7465 726e 6174 6976 656c 792c 2079 Alternatively, y\n-00004b80: 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 ou can submit a \n-00004b90: 7265 706f 7274 2076 6961 2065 6c65 6374 report via elect\n-00004ba0: 726f 6e69 6320 6d61 696c 2074 6f0a 3c62 ronic mail to.\n-00004bc0: 2c20 6275 7420 7765 2073 7472 6f6e 676c , but we strongl\n-00004bd0: 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 y recommend that\n-00004be0: 2079 6f75 2075 7365 2074 6865 2042 7567 you use the Bug\n-00004bf0: 0a54 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d .Tracking System\n-00004c00: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 652d 6d61 696c , because e-mail\n-00004c10: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7061 7373 6564 206f can be passed o\n-00004c20: 7665 7220 6561 7369 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 ver easily... \n-00004c30: 4f6e 6365 2077 6520 6765 7420 796f 7572 Once we get your\n-00004c40: 2072 6570 6f72 742c 2077 6520 7769 6c6c report, we will\n-00004c50: 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6669 7820 7468 6520 try to fix the \n-00004c60: 6275 6773 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 bugs.....File: g\n-00004c70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00004c80: 2046 7574 7572 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 Future, Next: \n-00004c90: 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e Copying This Man\n-00004ca0: 7561 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5265 706f ual, Prev: Repo\n-00004cb0: 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2055 703a rting bugs, Up:\n-00004cc0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2043 Top..Appendix C\n-00004cd0: 2057 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c Where GRUB will\n-00004ce0: 2067 6f0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a go.************\n+00003d40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a43 *******.. *C\n+00003d50: 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2047 5255 4220 7265 aution:* GRUB re\n+00003d60: 7175 6972 6573 2062 696e 7574 696c 732d quires binutils-\n+00003d70: 322e 392e 312e 302e 3233 206f 7220 6c61 2.9.1.0.23 or la\n+00003d80: 7465 7220 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a ter because the.\n+00003d90: 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2061 7373 656d 626c GNU assembl\n+00003da0: 6572 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6368 616e er has been chan\n+00003db0: 6765 6420 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 ged so that it c\n+00003dc0: 616e 2070 726f 6475 6365 2072 6561 6c20 an produce real \n+00003dd0: 3136 6269 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 16bits. mach\n+00003de0: 696e 6520 636f 6465 2062 6574 7765 656e ine code between\n+00003df0: 2032 2e39 2e31 2061 6e64 2032 2e39 2e31 2.9.1 and 2.9.1\n+00003e00: 2e30 2e78 2e20 2053 6565 0a20 2020 2020 .0.x. See. \n+00003e10: 3c68 7474 703a 2f2f 736f 7572 6365 732e , to obtain\n+00003e40: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 information on \n+00003e50: 686f 770a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6765 7420 how. to get \n+00003e60: 7468 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 the latest versi\n+00003e70: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 on... GRUB is \n+00003e80: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 available from t\n+00003e90: 6865 2047 4e55 2061 6c70 6861 2061 7263 he GNU alpha arc\n+00003ea0: 6869 7665 2073 6974 650a 3c66 7470 3a2f hive site. or any of\n+00003ed0: 2069 7473 206d 6972 726f 7273 2e20 2054 its mirrors. T\n+00003ee0: 6865 2066 696c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a he file will be.\n+00003ef0: 6e61 6d65 6420 6772 7562 2d76 6572 7369 named grub-versi\n+00003f00: 6f6e 2e74 6172 2e67 7a2e 2020 5468 6520 on.tar.gz. The \n+00003f10: 6375 7272 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 current version \n+00003f20: 6973 2032 2e31 322c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 is 2.12, so the \n+00003f30: 6669 6c65 2079 6f75 0a73 686f 756c 6420 file you.should \n+00003f40: 6772 6162 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 203c 6674 grab is:.. .. T\n+00003f80: 6f20 756e 6275 6e64 6c65 2047 5255 4220 o unbundle GRUB \n+00003f90: 7573 6520 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 use the instruct\n+00003fa0: 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 207a 6361 7420 ion:.. zcat \n+00003fb0: 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 322e 7461 722e 677a grub-2.12.tar.gz\n+00003fc0: 207c 2074 6172 2078 7666 202d 0a0a 2020 | tar xvf -.. \n+00003fd0: 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 which will crea\n+00003fe0: 7465 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 te a directory c\n+00003ff0: 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d 322e alled ...grub-2.\n+00004000: 3132 e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 6c6c 2074 12... with all t\n+00004010: 6865 0a73 6f75 7263 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 he.sources. You\n+00004020: 2063 616e 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6865 can look at the\n+00004030: 2066 696c 6520 e280 9849 4e53 5441 4c4c file ...INSTALL\n+00004040: e280 9920 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 6564 ... for detailed\n+00004050: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e instructions.on\n+00004060: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6275 696c 6420 616e how to build an\n+00004070: 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 d install GRUB, \n+00004080: 6275 7420 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 but you should b\n+00004090: 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2064 e able to just d\n+000040a0: 6f3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2063 6420 6772 7562 o:.. cd grub\n+000040b0: 2d32 2e31 320a 2020 2020 202e 2f63 6f6e -2.12. ./con\n+000040c0: 6669 6775 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 figure. make\n+000040d0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 2041 6c73 install.. Als\n+000040e0: 6f2c 2074 6865 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 o, the latest ve\n+000040f0: 7273 696f 6e20 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 rsion is availab\n+00004100: 6c65 2075 7369 6e67 2047 6974 2e20 2053 le using Git. S\n+00004110: 6565 0a3c 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 ee. for mor\n+00004150: 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e.information...\n+00004160: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00004170: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5265 706f 7274 o, Node: Report\n+00004180: 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 204e 6578 743a ing bugs, Next:\n+00004190: 2046 7574 7572 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 Future, Prev: \n+000041a0: 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 Obtaining and Bu\n+000041b0: 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 ilding GRUB, Up\n+000041c0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 : Top..Appendix \n+000041d0: 4220 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 B Reporting bugs\n+000041e0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6573 **********..Thes\n+00004200: 6520 6172 6520 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c e are the guidel\n+00004210: 696e 6520 666f 7220 686f 7720 746f 2072 ine for how to r\n+00004220: 6570 6f72 7420 6275 6773 2e20 2054 616b eport bugs. Tak\n+00004230: 6520 6120 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6973 e a look at this\n+00004240: 0a6c 6973 7420 6265 6c6f 7720 6265 666f .list below befo\n+00004250: 7265 2079 6f75 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6275 re you submit bu\n+00004260: 6773 3a0a 0a20 2031 2e20 4265 666f 7265 gs:.. 1. Before\n+00004270: 2067 6574 7469 6e67 2075 6e73 6574 746c getting unsettl\n+00004280: 6564 2c20 7265 6164 2074 6869 7320 6d61 ed, read this ma\n+00004290: 6e75 616c 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 6e64 nual through and\n+000042a0: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 through.. A\n+000042b0: 6c73 6f2c 2073 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 lso, see the GNU\n+000042c0: 2047 5255 4220 4641 510a 2020 2020 2028 GRUB FAQ. (\n+000042d0: 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f http://www.gnu.o\n+000042e0: 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 652f 6772 7562 rg/software/grub\n+000042f0: 2f67 7275 622d 6661 712e 6874 6d6c 292e /grub-faq.html).\n+00004300: 0a0a 2020 322e 2041 6c77 6179 7320 6d65 .. 2. Always me\n+00004310: 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 6520 696e 666f 726d ntion the inform\n+00004320: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 4752 ation on your GR\n+00004330: 5542 2e20 5468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 UB. The version \n+00004340: 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 number and. \n+00004350: 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f the configuratio\n+00004360: 6e20 6172 6520 7175 6974 6520 696d 706f n are quite impo\n+00004370: 7274 616e 742e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 rtant. If you b\n+00004380: 7569 6c64 2069 7420 796f 7572 7365 6c66 uild it yourself\n+00004390: 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 7269 7465 2074 6865 ,. write the\n+000043a0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2073 7065 6369 6669 options specifi\n+000043b0: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 ed to the config\n+000043c0: 7572 6520 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2079 ure script and y\n+000043d0: 6f75 720a 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 our. operati\n+000043e0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2069 6e63 6c75 ng system, inclu\n+000043f0: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e ding the version\n+00004400: 7320 6f66 2067 6363 2061 6e64 2062 696e s of gcc and bin\n+00004410: 7574 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 utils... 3. If \n+00004420: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 726f 7562 6c65 you have trouble\n+00004430: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 696e 7374 616c with the instal\n+00004440: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 666f 726d 2075 lation, inform u\n+00004450: 7320 6f66 2068 6f77 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 s of how you. \n+00004460: 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 4752 5542 installed GRUB\n+00004470: 2e20 446f 6e27 7420 6f6d 6974 2065 7272 . Don't omit err\n+00004480: 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 732c 2069 6620 or messages, if \n+00004490: 616e 792e 2020 4a75 7374 20e2 8098 4752 any. Just ...GR\n+000044a0: 5542 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 7320 7570 UB. hangs up\n+000044b0: 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2062 6f6f 7473 e280 when it boots..\n+000044c0: 9920 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e6f 7567 682e . is not enough.\n+000044d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 .. The infor\n+000044e0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2068 mation on your h\n+000044f0: 6172 6477 6172 6520 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 ardware is also \n+00004500: 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 5468 6573 essential. Thes\n+00004510: 6520 6172 650a 2020 2020 2065 7370 6563 e are. espec\n+00004520: 6961 6c6c 7920 696d 706f 7274 616e 743a ially important:\n+00004530: 2074 6865 2067 656f 6d65 7472 6965 7320 the geometries \n+00004540: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f and the partitio\n+00004550: 6e20 7461 626c 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 n tables of. \n+00004560: 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 your hard disk \n+00004570: 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 drives and your \n+00004580: 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2034 2e20 4966 2047 BIOS... 4. If G\n+00004590: 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 RUB cannot boot \n+000045a0: 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 your operating s\n+000045b0: 7973 7465 6d2c 2077 7269 7465 2064 6f77 ystem, write dow\n+000045c0: 6e20 5f65 7665 7279 7468 696e 675f 0a20 n _everything_. \n+000045d0: 2020 2020 796f 7520 7365 6520 6f6e 2074 you see on t\n+000045e0: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 446f 6e27 he screen. Don'\n+000045f0: 7420 7061 7261 7068 7261 7365 2074 6865 t paraphrase the\n+00004600: 6d2c 206c 696b 6520 e280 9854 6865 2066 m, like ...The f\n+00004610: 6f6f 204f 530a 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 oo OS. crash\n+00004620: 6573 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 6576 es with GRUB, ev\n+00004630: 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 6974 2063 616e en though it can\n+00004640: 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 boot with the b\n+00004650: 6172 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a20 ar boot loader. \n+00004660: 2020 2020 6a75 7374 2066 696e 65e2 8099 just fine...\n+00004670: 2e20 204d 656e 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 . Mention the c\n+00004680: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 796f 7520 6578 6563 ommands you exec\n+00004690: 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 7373 6167 uted, the messag\n+000046a0: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 es. printed \n+000046b0: 6279 2074 6865 6d2c 2061 6e64 2069 6e66 by them, and inf\n+000046c0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 ormation on your\n+000046d0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+000046e0: 6d20 696e 636c 7564 696e 670a 2020 2020 m including. \n+000046f0: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d the version num\n+00004700: 6265 722e 0a0a 2020 352e 2045 7870 6c61 ber... 5. Expla\n+00004710: 696e 2077 6861 7420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 in what you want\n+00004720: 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2e20 2049 7420 6973 ed to do. It is\n+00004730: 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 very useful to \n+00004740: 6b6e 6f77 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 know your. p\n+00004750: 7572 706f 7365 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 urpose and your \n+00004760: 7769 7368 2c20 616e 6420 686f 7720 4752 wish, and how GR\n+00004770: 5542 2064 6964 6e27 7420 7361 7469 7366 UB didn't satisf\n+00004780: 7920 796f 752e 0a0a 2020 362e 2049 6620 y you... 6. If \n+00004790: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 696e 7665 7374 6967 you can investig\n+000047a0: 6174 6520 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 ate the problem \n+000047b0: 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2c20 706c 6561 7365 yourself, please\n+000047c0: 2064 6f2e 2020 5468 6174 2077 696c 6c0a do. That will.\n+000047d0: 2020 2020 2067 6976 6520 796f 7520 616e give you an\n+000047e0: 6420 7573 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 2069 d us much more i\n+000047f0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 nformation on th\n+00004800: 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2e 2020 4174 7461 e problem. Atta\n+00004810: 6368 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2070 6174 ching a. pat\n+00004820: 6368 2069 7320 6576 656e 2062 6574 7465 ch is even bette\n+00004830: 722e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 796f r... When yo\n+00004840: 7520 6174 7461 6368 2061 2070 6174 6368 u attach a patch\n+00004850: 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6174 6368 , make the patch\n+00004860: 2069 6e20 756e 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 in unified diff\n+00004870: 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 format, and. \n+00004880: 2020 7772 6974 6520 4368 616e 6765 4c6f write ChangeLo\n+00004890: 6720 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 4275 742c g entries. But,\n+000048a0: 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206d even when you m\n+000048b0: 616b 6520 6120 7061 7463 682c 2064 6f6e ake a patch, don\n+000048c0: 2774 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7267 6574 2074 't. forget t\n+000048d0: 6f20 6578 706c 6169 6e20 7468 6520 7072 o explain the pr\n+000048e0: 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2077 oblem, so that w\n+000048f0: 6520 6361 6e20 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 e can understand\n+00004900: 2077 6861 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 what your. \n+00004910: 7061 7463 6820 6973 2066 6f72 2e0a 0a20 patch is for... \n+00004920: 2037 2e20 5772 6974 6520 646f 776e 2061 7. Write down a\n+00004930: 6e79 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 nything that you\n+00004940: 2074 6869 6e6b 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 think might be \n+00004950: 7265 6c61 7465 642e 2020 506c 6561 7365 related. Please\n+00004960: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 . understand\n+00004970: 2074 6861 7420 7765 206f 6674 656e 206e that we often n\n+00004980: 6565 6420 746f 2072 6570 726f 6475 6365 eed to reproduce\n+00004990: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 the same proble\n+000049a0: 6d20 796f 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 6f75 m you. encou\n+000049b0: 6e74 6572 6564 2069 6e20 6f75 7220 656e ntered in our en\n+000049c0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 536f 2079 vironment. So y\n+000049d0: 6f75 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 our information \n+000049e0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 should be. s\n+000049f0: 7566 6669 6369 656e 7420 666f 7220 7573 ufficient for us\n+00004a00: 2074 6f20 646f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 to do the same \n+00004a10: 7468 696e 672d 2d44 6f6e 2774 2066 6f72 thing--Don't for\n+00004a20: 6765 7420 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e6e get that we cann\n+00004a30: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6520 796f 7572 ot. see your\n+00004a40: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6469 7265 6374 computer direct\n+00004a50: 6c79 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 ly. If you are \n+00004a60: 6e6f 7420 7375 7265 2077 6865 7468 6572 not sure whether\n+00004a70: 2074 6f20 7374 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 to state a. \n+00004a80: 2066 6163 7420 6f72 206c 6561 7665 2069 fact or leave i\n+00004a90: 7420 6f75 742c 2073 7461 7465 2069 7421 t out, state it!\n+00004aa0: 2020 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 6f20 Reporting too \n+00004ab0: 6d61 6e79 2074 6869 6e67 7320 6973 206d many things is m\n+00004ac0: 7563 680a 2020 2020 2062 6574 7465 7220 uch. better \n+00004ad0: 7468 616e 206f 6d69 7474 696e 6720 736f than omitting so\n+00004ae0: 6d65 7468 696e 6720 696d 706f 7274 616e mething importan\n+00004af0: 742e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 666f t... If you fo\n+00004b00: 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 llow the guideli\n+00004b10: 6e65 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7375 626d 6974 ne above, submit\n+00004b20: 2061 2072 6570 6f72 7420 746f 2074 6865 a report to the\n+00004b30: 2042 7567 0a54 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 Bug.Tracking Sy\n+00004b40: 7374 656d 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6176 stem (http://sav\n+00004b50: 616e 6e61 682e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 6275 annah.gnu.org/bu\n+00004b60: 6773 2f3f 6772 6f75 703d 6772 7562 292e gs/?group=grub).\n+00004b70: 0a41 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 .Alternatively, \n+00004b80: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2061 you can submit a\n+00004b90: 2072 6570 6f72 7420 7669 6120 656c 6563 report via elec\n+00004ba0: 7472 6f6e 6963 206d 6169 6c20 746f 0a3c tronic mail to.<\n+00004bb0: 6275 672d 6772 7562 4067 6e75 2e6f 7267 bug-grub@gnu.org\n+00004bc0: 3e2c 2062 7574 2077 6520 7374 726f 6e67 >, but we strong\n+00004bd0: 6c79 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6861 ly recommend tha\n+00004be0: 7420 796f 7520 7573 6520 7468 6520 4275 t you use the Bu\n+00004bf0: 670a 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 g.Tracking Syste\n+00004c00: 6d2c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2065 2d6d 6169 m, because e-mai\n+00004c10: 6c20 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6173 7365 6420 l can be passed \n+00004c20: 6f76 6572 2065 6173 696c 792e 0a0a 2020 over easily... \n+00004c30: 204f 6e63 6520 7765 2067 6574 2079 6f75 Once we get you\n+00004c40: 7220 7265 706f 7274 2c20 7765 2077 696c r report, we wil\n+00004c50: 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2066 6978 2074 6865 l try to fix the\n+00004c60: 2062 7567 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 bugs.....File: \n+00004c70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00004c80: 3a20 4675 7475 7265 2c20 204e 6578 743a : Future, Next:\n+00004c90: 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 Copying This Ma\n+00004ca0: 6e75 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2052 6570 nual, Prev: Rep\n+00004cb0: 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5570 orting bugs, Up\n+00004cc0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 : Top..Appendix \n+00004cd0: 4320 5768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c C Where GRUB wil\n+00004ce0: 6c20 676f 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a l go.***********\n 00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004d00: 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 206e 6f77 *..GRUB 2 is now\n-00004d10: 2071 7569 7465 2073 7461 626c 6520 616e quite stable an\n-00004d20: 6420 7573 6564 2069 6e20 6d61 6e79 2070 d used in many p\n-00004d30: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e20 7379 7374 656d roduction system\n-00004d40: 732e 2020 5765 2061 7265 0a63 7572 7265 s. We are.curre\n-00004d50: 6e74 6c79 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 2074 6f77 ntly working tow\n-00004d60: 6172 6473 2061 2032 2e30 2072 656c 6561 ards a 2.0 relea\n-00004d70: 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 se... If you a\n-00004d80: 7265 2069 6e74 6572 6573 7465 6420 696e re interested in\n-00004d90: 2074 6865 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 the development\n-00004da0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2032 2c20 7461 6b65 of GRUB 2, take\n-00004db0: 2061 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 0a74 6865 2068 a look at.the h\n-00004dc0: 6f6d 6570 6167 6520 2868 7474 703a 2f2f omepage (http://\n-00004dd0: 7777 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 736f 6674 www.gnu.org/soft\n-00004de0: 7761 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e68 ware/grub/grub.h\n-00004df0: 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tml).....File: g\n-00004e00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00004e10: 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 Copying This Ma\n-00004e20: 6e75 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e64 nual, Next: Ind\n-00004e30: 6578 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 7574 7572 ex, Prev: Futur\n-00004e40: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 e, Up: Top..App\n-00004e50: 656e 6469 7820 4420 436f 7079 696e 6720 endix D Copying \n-00004e60: 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a2a 2a2a This Manual.****\n+00004d00: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2032 2069 7320 6e6f **..GRUB 2 is no\n+00004d10: 7720 7175 6974 6520 7374 6162 6c65 2061 w quite stable a\n+00004d20: 6e64 2075 7365 6420 696e 206d 616e 7920 nd used in many \n+00004d30: 7072 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 production syste\n+00004d40: 6d73 2e20 2057 6520 6172 650a 6375 7272 ms. We are.curr\n+00004d50: 656e 746c 7920 776f 726b 696e 6720 746f ently working to\n+00004d60: 7761 7264 7320 6120 322e 3020 7265 6c65 wards a 2.0 rele\n+00004d70: 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 ase... If you \n+00004d80: 6172 6520 696e 7465 7265 7374 6564 2069 are interested i\n+00004d90: 6e20 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e n the developmen\n+00004da0: 7420 6f66 2047 5255 4220 322c 2074 616b t of GRUB 2, tak\n+00004db0: 6520 6120 6c6f 6f6b 2061 740a 7468 6520 e a look at.the \n+00004dc0: 686f 6d65 7061 6765 2028 6874 7470 3a2f homepage (http:/\n+00004dd0: 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 /www.gnu.org/sof\n+00004de0: 7477 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e tware/grub/grub.\n+00004df0: 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 html).....File: \n+00004e00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00004e10: 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d : Copying This M\n+00004e20: 616e 7561 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e anual, Next: In\n+00004e30: 6465 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4675 7475 dex, Prev: Futu\n+00004e40: 7265 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 re, Up: Top..Ap\n+00004e50: 7065 6e64 6978 2044 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 pendix D Copying\n+00004e60: 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a2a 2a2a This Manual.***\n 00004e70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 **********..* Me\n-00004e90: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 nu:..* GNU Free \n-00004ea0: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 Documentation Li\n-00004eb0: 6365 6e73 653a 3a20 204c 6963 656e 7365 cense:: License\n-00004ec0: 2066 6f72 2063 6f70 7969 6e67 2074 6869 for copying thi\n-00004ed0: 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c s manual.....Fil\n-00004ee0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00004ef0: 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f ode: GNU Free Do\n-00004f00: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 cumentation Lice\n-00004f10: 6e73 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 7079 696e nse, Up: Copyin\n-00004f20: 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 0a44 g This Manual..D\n-00004f30: 2e31 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 .1 GNU Free Docu\n-00004f40: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n-00004f50: 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e.==============\n+00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d ***********..* M\n+00004e90: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 enu:..* GNU Free\n+00004ea0: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c Documentation L\n+00004eb0: 6963 656e 7365 3a3a 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 icense:: Licens\n+00004ec0: 6520 666f 7220 636f 7079 696e 6720 7468 e for copying th\n+00004ed0: 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 is manual.....Fi\n+00004ee0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00004ef0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 Node: GNU Free D\n+00004f00: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n+00004f10: 656e 7365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f70 7969 ense, Up: Copyi\n+00004f20: 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a0a ng This Manual..\n+00004f30: 442e 3120 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 D.1 GNU Free Doc\n+00004f40: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n+00004f50: 7365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d se.=============\n 00004f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004f70: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ====.. \n-00004f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 Vers\n-00004f90: 696f 6e20 312e 322c 204e 6f76 656d 6265 ion 1.2, Novembe\n-00004fa0: 7220 3230 3032 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6f70 r 2002.. 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Ever\n-00005030: 796f 6e65 2069 7320 7065 726d 6974 7465 yone is permitte\n-00005040: 6420 746f 2063 6f70 7920 616e 6420 6469 d to copy and di\n-00005050: 7374 7269 6275 7465 2076 6572 6261 7469 stribute verbati\n-00005060: 6d20 636f 7069 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 m copies. of\n-00005070: 2074 6869 7320 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 646f this license do\n-00005080: 6375 6d65 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6368 616e cument, but chan\n-00005090: 6769 6e67 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 ging it is not a\n-000050a0: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2e0a 0a20 2030 2e20 5052 llowed... 0. PR\n-000050b0: 4541 4d42 4c45 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 EAMBLE.. The\n-000050c0: 2070 7572 706f 7365 206f 6620 7468 6973 purpose of this\n-000050d0: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 746f 206d License is to m\n-000050e0: 616b 6520 6120 6d61 6e75 616c 2c20 7465 ake a manual, te\n-000050f0: 7874 626f 6f6b 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 xtbook, or other\n-00005100: 0a20 2020 2020 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c . functional\n-00005110: 2061 6e64 2075 7365 6675 6c20 646f 6375 and useful docu\n-00005120: 6d65 6e74 20e2 809c 6672 6565 e280 9d20 ment ...free... \n-00005130: 696e 2074 6865 2073 656e 7365 206f 6620 in the sense of \n-00005140: 6672 6565 646f 6d3a 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 freedom: to. \n-00005150: 2061 7373 7572 6520 6576 6572 796f 6e65 assure everyone\n-00005160: 2074 6865 2065 6666 6563 7469 7665 2066 the effective f\n-00005170: 7265 6564 6f6d 2074 6f20 636f 7079 2061 reedom to copy a\n-00005180: 6e64 2072 6564 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 nd redistribute \n-00005190: 6974 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 6f72 it,. with or\n-000051a0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 206d 6f64 6966 7969 without modifyi\n-000051b0: 6e67 2069 742c 2065 6974 6865 7220 636f ng it, either co\n-000051c0: 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 6c79 206f 720a 2020 mmercially or. \n-000051d0: 2020 206e 6f6e 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c noncommercial\n-000051e0: 6c79 2e20 2053 6563 6f6e 6461 7269 6c79 ly. 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Bu\n-00005490: 7420 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 t this License i\n-000054a0: 7320 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f s not limited to\n-000054b0: 0a20 2020 2020 736f 6674 7761 7265 206d . software m\n-000054c0: 616e 7561 6c73 3b20 6974 2063 616e 2062 anuals; it can b\n-000054d0: 6520 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 6e79 2074 e used for any t\n-000054e0: 6578 7475 616c 2077 6f72 6b2c 2072 6567 extual work, reg\n-000054f0: 6172 646c 6573 730a 2020 2020 206f 6620 ardless. of \n-00005500: 7375 626a 6563 7420 6d61 7474 6572 206f subject matter o\n-00005510: 7220 7768 6574 6865 7220 6974 2069 7320 r whether it is \n-00005520: 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 6173 2061 2070 published as a p\n-00005530: 7269 6e74 6564 2062 6f6f 6b2e 2020 5765 rinted book. We\n-00005540: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 . recommend \n-00005550: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7269 this License pri\n-00005560: 6e63 6970 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2077 6f72 ncipally for wor\n-00005570: 6b73 2077 686f 7365 2070 7572 706f 7365 ks whose purpose\n-00005580: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7472 7563 is. instruc\n-00005590: 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 7265 6665 7265 6e63 tion or referenc\n-000055a0: 652e 0a0a 2020 312e 2041 5050 4c49 4341 e... 1. APPLICA\n-000055b0: 4249 4c49 5459 2041 4e44 2044 4546 494e BILITY AND DEFIN\n-000055c0: 4954 494f 4e53 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 ITIONS.. Thi\n-000055d0: 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6170 706c 6965 s License applie\n-000055e0: 7320 746f 2061 6e79 206d 616e 7561 6c20 s to any manual \n-000055f0: 6f72 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6b2c 2069 or other work, i\n-00005600: 6e20 616e 7920 6d65 6469 756d 2c0a 2020 n any medium,. \n-00005610: 2020 2074 6861 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 that contains\n-00005620: 2061 206e 6f74 6963 6520 706c 6163 6564 a notice placed\n-00005630: 2062 7920 7468 6520 636f 7079 7269 6768 by the copyrigh\n-00005640: 7420 686f 6c64 6572 2073 6179 696e 6720 t holder saying \n-00005650: 6974 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2064 it can. be d\n-00005660: 6973 7472 6962 7574 6564 2075 6e64 6572 istributed under\n-00005670: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 the terms of th\n-00005680: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e20 2053 7563 is License. Suc\n-00005690: 6820 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 h a notice. \n-000056a0: 6772 616e 7473 2061 2077 6f72 6c64 2d77 grants a world-w\n-000056b0: 6964 652c 2072 6f79 616c 7479 2d66 7265 ide, royalty-fre\n-000056c0: 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 652c 2075 6e6c 696d e license, unlim\n-000056d0: 6974 6564 2069 6e20 6475 7261 7469 6f6e ited in duration\n-000056e0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 ,. to use th\n-000056f0: 6174 2077 6f72 6b20 756e 6465 7220 7468 at work under th\n-00005700: 6520 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2073 7461 e conditions sta\n-00005710: 7465 6420 6865 7265 696e 2e20 2054 6865 ted herein. The\n-00005720: 0a20 2020 2020 2244 6f63 756d 656e 7422 . \"Document\"\n-00005730: 2c20 6265 6c6f 772c 2072 6566 6572 7320 , below, refers \n-00005740: 746f 2061 6e79 2073 7563 6820 6d61 6e75 to any such manu\n-00005750: 616c 206f 7220 776f 726b 2e20 2041 6e79 al or work. Any\n-00005760: 206d 656d 6265 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 member. of \n-00005770: 7468 6520 7075 626c 6963 2069 7320 6120 the public is a \n-00005780: 6c69 6365 6e73 6565 2c20 616e 6420 6973 licensee, and is\n-00005790: 2061 6464 7265 7373 6564 2061 7320 2279 addressed as \"y\n-000057a0: 6f75 222e 2020 596f 7520 6163 6365 7074 ou\". You accept\n-000057b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 . the licens\n-000057c0: 6520 6966 2079 6f75 2063 6f70 792c 206d e if you copy, m\n-000057d0: 6f64 6966 7920 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 odify or distrib\n-000057e0: 7574 6520 7468 6520 776f 726b 2069 6e20 ute the work in \n-000057f0: 6120 7761 790a 2020 2020 2072 6571 7569 a way. requi\n-00005800: 7269 6e67 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 ring permission \n-00005810: 756e 6465 7220 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 under copyright \n-00005820: 6c61 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2022 4d6f law... A \"Mo\n-00005830: 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 dified Version\" \n-00005840: 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 of the Document \n-00005850: 6d65 616e 7320 616e 7920 776f 726b 2063 means any work c\n-00005860: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 ontaining the. \n-00005870: 2020 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6f72 2061 Document or a\n-00005880: 2070 6f72 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6974 2c20 portion of it, \n-00005890: 6569 7468 6572 2063 6f70 6965 6420 7665 either copied ve\n-000058a0: 7262 6174 696d 2c20 6f72 2077 6974 680a rbatim, or with.\n-000058b0: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f modificatio\n-000058c0: 6e73 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 7472 616e 736c ns and/or transl\n-000058d0: 6174 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 ated into anothe\n-000058e0: 7220 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 r language... \n-000058f0: 2020 4120 2253 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 A \"Secondary S\n-00005900: 6563 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2061 206e 616d ection\" is a nam\n-00005910: 6564 2061 7070 656e 6469 7820 6f72 2061 ed appendix or a\n-00005920: 2066 726f 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 7220 7365 front-matter se\n-00005930: 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 ction. of th\n-00005940: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 e Document that \n-00005950: 6465 616c 7320 6578 636c 7573 6976 656c deals exclusivel\n-00005960: 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 656c 6174 y with the relat\n-00005970: 696f 6e73 6869 7020 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 ionship of the. \n-00005980: 2020 2020 7075 626c 6973 6865 7273 206f publishers o\n-00005990: 7220 6175 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 2074 6865 r authors of the\n-000059a0: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 Document to the\n-000059b0: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7427 7320 6f76 6572 Document's over\n-000059c0: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7562 6a65 6374 all. subject\n-000059d0: 2028 6f72 2074 6f20 7265 6c61 7465 6420 (or to related \n-000059e0: 6d61 7474 6572 7329 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e matters) and con\n-000059f0: 7461 696e 7320 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7468 tains nothing th\n-00005a00: 6174 2063 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 6661 at could. fa\n-00005a10: 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 7769 7468 ll directly with\n-00005a20: 696e 2074 6861 7420 6f76 6572 616c 6c20 in that overall \n-00005a30: 7375 626a 6563 742e 2020 2854 6875 732c subject. (Thus,\n-00005a40: 2069 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 if the Document\n-00005a50: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2069 6e20 7061 7274 . is in part\n-00005a60: 2061 2074 6578 7462 6f6f 6b20 6f66 206d a textbook of m\n-00005a70: 6174 6865 6d61 7469 6373 2c20 6120 5365 athematics, a Se\n-00005a80: 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e20 condary Section \n-00005a90: 6d61 7920 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2065 7870 may not. exp\n-00005aa0: 6c61 696e 2061 6e79 206d 6174 6865 6d61 lain any mathema\n-00005ab0: 7469 6373 2e29 2020 5468 6520 7265 6c61 tics.) The rela\n-00005ac0: 7469 6f6e 7368 6970 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 tionship could b\n-00005ad0: 6520 6120 6d61 7474 6572 206f 660a 2020 e a matter of. \n-00005ae0: 2020 2068 6973 746f 7269 6361 6c20 636f historical co\n-00005af0: 6e6e 6563 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7468 nnection with th\n-00005b00: 6520 7375 626a 6563 7420 6f72 2077 6974 e subject or wit\n-00005b10: 6820 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 6572 h related matter\n-00005b20: 732c 206f 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6c65 s, or. of le\n-00005b30: 6761 6c2c 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c2c gal, commercial,\n-00005b40: 2070 6869 6c6f 736f 7068 6963 616c 2c20 philosophical, \n-00005b50: 6574 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 2070 6f6c 6974 ethical or polit\n-00005b60: 6963 616c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 ical position. \n-00005b70: 2020 2072 6567 6172 6469 6e67 2074 6865 regarding the\n-00005b80: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2022 496e m... 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F\n-00006570: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 696e or. works in\n-00006580: 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 2077 6869 6368 2064 formats which d\n-00006590: 6f20 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2061 6e79 2074 o not have any t\n-000065a0: 6974 6c65 2070 6167 6520 6173 2073 7563 itle page as suc\n-000065b0: 682c 2022 5469 746c 650a 2020 2020 2050 h, \"Title. P\n-000065c0: 6167 6522 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2074 age\" means the t\n-000065d0: 6578 7420 6e65 6172 2074 6865 206d 6f73 ext near the mos\n-000065e0: 7420 7072 6f6d 696e 656e 7420 6170 7065 t prominent appe\n-000065f0: 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 arance of the. \n-00006600: 2020 2077 6f72 6b27 7320 7469 746c 652c work's title,\n-00006610: 2070 7265 6365 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2062 preceding the b\n-00006620: 6567 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 eginning of the \n-00006630: 626f 6479 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 body of the text\n-00006640: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 7365 6374 696f ... 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Yo\n-00008080: 7520 6d61 7920 6f6d 6974 2061 206e 6574 u may omit a net\n-00008090: 776f 726b 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 666f work location fo\n-000080a0: 7220 6120 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 r a work. \n-000080b0: 2020 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 7075 626c that was publ\n-000080c0: 6973 6865 6420 6174 206c 6561 7374 2066 ished at least f\n-000080d0: 6f75 7220 7965 6172 7320 6265 666f 7265 our years before\n-000080e0: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 740a 2020 the Document. \n-000080f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 7365 6c66 2c20 itself, \n-00008100: 6f72 2069 6620 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e or if the origin\n-00008110: 616c 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6572 206f 6620 al publisher of \n-00008120: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6974 2072 the version it r\n-00008130: 6566 6572 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 efers. \n-00008140: 746f 2067 6976 6573 2070 6572 6d69 7373 to gives permiss\n-00008150: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 204b 2e20 ion... 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Replacing I\n-000097a0: 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e nvariant Section\n-000097b0: 7320 7769 7468 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 s with translati\n-000097c0: 6f6e 7320 7265 7175 6972 6573 2073 7065 ons requires spe\n-000097d0: 6369 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7065 726d 6973 cial. permis\n-000097e0: 7369 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6569 7220 sion from their \n-000097f0: 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 686f 6c64 6572 copyright holder\n-00009800: 732c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 206d 6179 2069 s, but you may i\n-00009810: 6e63 6c75 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e nclude. tran\n-00009820: 736c 6174 696f 6e73 206f 6620 736f 6d65 slations of some\n-00009830: 206f 7220 616c 6c20 496e 7661 7269 616e or all Invarian\n-00009840: 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 6164 t Sections in ad\n-00009850: 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 dition to the. \n-00009860: 2020 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 7665 7273 original vers\n-00009870: 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 496e ions of these In\n-00009880: 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 variant Sections\n-00009890: 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2069 6e63 6c75 . You may inclu\n-000098a0: 6465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c de a. transl\n-000098b0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 ation of this Li\n-000098c0: 6365 6e73 652c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 cense, and all t\n-000098d0: 6865 206c 6963 656e 7365 206e 6f74 6963 he license notic\n-000098e0: 6573 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 es in the. 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If a sec\n-00009a60: 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 446f 6375 tion in the Docu\n-00009a70: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 456e 7469 746c 6564 ment is Entitled\n-00009a80: 2022 4163 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 656d 656e \"Acknowledgemen\n-00009a90: 7473 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2244 6564 6963 ts\",. \"Dedic\n-00009aa0: 6174 696f 6e73 222c 206f 7220 2248 6973 ations\", or \"His\n-00009ab0: 746f 7279 222c 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 tory\", the requi\n-00009ac0: 7265 6d65 6e74 2028 7365 6374 696f 6e20 rement (section \n-00009ad0: 3429 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2050 7265 7365 4) to. Prese\n-00009ae0: 7276 6520 6974 7320 5469 746c 6520 2873 rve its Title (s\n-00009af0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2031 2920 7769 6c6c 2074 ection 1) will t\n-00009b00: 7970 6963 616c 6c79 2072 6571 7569 7265 ypically require\n-00009b10: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 changing the. \n-00009b20: 2020 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7469 746c 652e actual title.\n-00009b30: 0a0a 2020 392e 2054 4552 4d49 4e41 5449 .. 9. 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Su\n+00005690: 6368 2061 206e 6f74 6963 650a 2020 2020 ch a notice. \n+000056a0: 2067 7261 6e74 7320 6120 776f 726c 642d grants a world-\n+000056b0: 7769 6465 2c20 726f 7961 6c74 792d 6672 wide, royalty-fr\n+000056c0: 6565 206c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 756e 6c69 ee license, unli\n+000056d0: 6d69 7465 6420 696e 2064 7572 6174 696f mited in duratio\n+000056e0: 6e2c 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2075 7365 2074 n,. to use t\n+000056f0: 6861 7420 776f 726b 2075 6e64 6572 2074 hat work under t\n+00005700: 6865 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 he conditions st\n+00005710: 6174 6564 2068 6572 6569 6e2e 2020 5468 ated herein. Th\n+00005720: 650a 2020 2020 2022 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 e. \"Document\n+00005730: 222c 2062 656c 6f77 2c20 7265 6665 7273 \", below, refers\n+00005740: 2074 6f20 616e 7920 7375 6368 206d 616e to any such man\n+00005750: 7561 6c20 6f72 2077 6f72 6b2e 2020 416e ual or work. 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Preserve the\n+00007d50: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 section Entitle\n+00007d60: 6420 2248 6973 746f 7279 222c 2050 7265 d \"History\", Pre\n+00007d70: 7365 7276 6520 6974 7320 5469 746c 652c serve its Title,\n+00007d80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2061 . and a\n+00007d90: 6464 2074 6f20 6974 2061 6e20 6974 656d dd to it an item\n+00007da0: 2073 7461 7469 6e67 2061 7420 6c65 6173 stating at leas\n+00007db0: 7420 7468 6520 7469 746c 652c 2079 6561 t the title, yea\n+00007dc0: 722c 206e 6577 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 r, new. \n+00007dd0: 2061 7574 686f 7273 2c20 616e 6420 7075 authors, and pu\n+00007de0: 626c 6973 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 204d blisher of the M\n+00007df0: 6f64 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e20 odified Version \n+00007e00: 6173 2067 6976 656e 206f 6e20 7468 650a as given on the.\n+00007e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5469 746c 6520 Title \n+00007e20: 5061 6765 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 Page. 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J.\n+00007f50: 2050 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 6e65 Preserve the ne\n+00007f60: 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 twork location, \n+00007f70: 6966 2061 6e79 2c20 6769 7665 6e20 696e if any, given in\n+00007f80: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 740a 2020 the Document. \n+00007f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 7220 7075 626c for publ\n+00007fa0: 6963 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2061 2054 ic access to a T\n+00007fb0: 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2063 6f70 7920 ransparent copy \n+00007fc0: 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 742c of the Document,\n+00007fd0: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c and. l\n+00007fe0: 696b 6577 6973 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7477 ikewise the netw\n+00007ff0: 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 6769 ork locations gi\n+00008000: 7665 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d ven in the Docum\n+00008010: 656e 7420 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ent for. \n+00008020: 2020 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 previous versi\n+00008030: 6f6e 7320 6974 2077 6173 2062 6173 6564 ons it was based\n+00008040: 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6d61 7920 on. These may \n+00008050: 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 696e 2074 6865 be placed in the\n+00008060: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4869 7374 . \"Hist\n+00008070: 6f72 7922 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2e20 2059 ory\" section. Y\n+00008080: 6f75 206d 6179 206f 6d69 7420 6120 6e65 ou may omit a ne\n+00008090: 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 twork location f\n+000080a0: 6f72 2061 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2020 or a work. \n+000080b0: 2020 2020 7468 6174 2077 6173 2070 7562 that was pub\n+000080c0: 6c69 7368 6564 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 lished at least \n+000080d0: 666f 7572 2079 6561 7273 2062 6566 6f72 four years befor\n+000080e0: 6520 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 e the Document. \n+000080f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7473 656c 662c itself,\n+00008100: 206f 7220 6966 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 or if the origi\n+00008110: 6e61 6c20 7075 626c 6973 6865 7220 6f66 nal publisher of\n+00008120: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 7420 the version it \n+00008130: 7265 6665 7273 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 refers. \n+00008140: 2074 6f20 6769 7665 7320 7065 726d 6973 to gives permis\n+00008150: 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4b2e sion... 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L. \n+00008270: 5072 6573 6572 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 Preserve all the\n+00008280: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n+00008290: 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d ons of the Docum\n+000082a0: 656e 742c 2075 6e61 6c74 6572 6564 0a20 ent, unaltered. \n+000082b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6569 in thei\n+000082c0: 7220 7465 7874 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 r text and in th\n+000082d0: 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 2e20 2053 6563 eir titles. Sec\n+000082e0: 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 206f 7220 tion numbers or \n+000082f0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6571 the. eq\n+00008300: 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2061 7265 206e 6f74 uivalent are not\n+00008310: 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 7061 7274 considered part\n+00008320: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 6374 696f 6e20 of the section \n+00008330: 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 titles... \n+00008340: 4d2e 2044 656c 6574 6520 616e 7920 7365 M. Delete any se\n+00008350: 6374 696f 6e20 456e 7469 746c 6564 2022 ction Entitled \"\n+00008360: 456e 646f 7273 656d 656e 7473 222e 2020 Endorsements\". \n+00008370: 5375 6368 2061 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 0a20 Such a section. \n+00008380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6179 206e 6f74 may not\n+00008390: 2062 6520 696e 636c 7564 6564 2069 6e20 be included in \n+000083a0: 7468 6520 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 the Modified Ver\n+000083b0: 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4e2e sion... N.\n+000083c0: 2044 6f20 6e6f 7420 7265 7469 746c 6520 Do not retitle \n+000083d0: 616e 7920 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2073 6563 any existing sec\n+000083e0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6265 2045 6e74 6974 tion to be Entit\n+000083f0: 6c65 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2245 led. \"E\n+00008400: 6e64 6f72 7365 6d65 6e74 7322 206f 7220 ndorsements\" or \n+00008410: 746f 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 696e 2074 to conflict in t\n+00008420: 6974 6c65 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 496e itle with any In\n+00008430: 7661 7269 616e 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 variant. \n+00008440: 2020 5365 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 Section... \n+00008450: 2020 204f 2e20 5072 6573 6572 7665 2061 O. Preserve a\n+00008460: 6e79 2057 6172 7261 6e74 7920 4469 7363 ny Warranty Disc\n+00008470: 6c61 696d 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 laimers... I\n+00008480: 6620 7468 6520 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 f the Modified V\n+00008490: 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 7320 ersion includes \n+000084a0: 6e65 7720 6672 6f6e 742d 6d61 7474 6572 new front-matter\n+000084b0: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 sections or. \n+000084c0: 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6963 6573 2074 6861 appendices tha\n+000084d0: 7420 7175 616c 6966 7920 6173 2053 6563 t qualify as Sec\n+000084e0: 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 ondary Sections \n+000084f0: 616e 6420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6e6f 0a20 and contain no. \n+00008500: 2020 2020 6d61 7465 7269 616c 2063 6f70 material cop\n+00008510: 6965 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2044 6f63 ied from the Doc\n+00008520: 756d 656e 742c 2079 6f75 206d 6179 2061 ument, you may a\n+00008530: 7420 796f 7572 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6465 t your option de\n+00008540: 7369 676e 6174 650a 2020 2020 2073 6f6d signate. som\n+00008550: 6520 6f72 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 6573 e or all of thes\n+00008560: 6520 7365 6374 696f 6e73 2061 7320 696e e sections as in\n+00008570: 7661 7269 616e 742e 2020 546f 2064 6f20 variant. 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(\n+0000ac20: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6375 746d 656d line 6).* cutmem\n+0000ac30: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac50: 6375 746d 656d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cutmem. \n-0000ac60: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000ac70: 2a20 6461 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 * date: \n+0000ac50: 2063 7574 6d65 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 cutmem. \n+0000ac60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000ac70: 0a2a 2064 6174 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* date: \n 0000ac80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6174 652e 2020 date. \n+0000ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6461 7465 2e20 date. \n 0000aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000acb0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 6576 6963 (line 6).* devic\n-0000acc0: 6574 7265 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etree: \n+0000acb0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6465 7669 (line 6).* devi\n+0000acc0: 6365 7472 6565 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cetree: \n 0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ace0: 2020 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2e20 2020 devicetree. \n-0000acf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000ad00: 290a 2a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a20 2020 ).* distrust: \n+0000ace0: 2020 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652e 2020 devicetree. \n+0000acf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000ad00: 3629 0a2a 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 2020 6).* distrust: \n 0000ad10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6973 7472 distr\n-0000ad30: 7573 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ust. \n-0000ad40: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 7269 (line 6).* dri\n-0000ad50: 7665 6d61 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 vemap: \n+0000ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6469 7374 dist\n+0000ad30: 7275 7374 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rust. \n+0000ad40: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6472 (line 6).* dr\n+0000ad50: 6976 656d 6170 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ivemap: \n 0000ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad70: 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 2e20 2020 drivemap. \n-0000ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000ad90: 2036 290a 2a20 6563 686f 3a20 2020 2020 6).* echo: \n+0000ad70: 2020 2020 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702e 2020 drivemap. \n+0000ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000ad90: 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 6368 6f3a 2020 2020 e 6).* echo: \n 0000ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 ech\n-0000adc0: 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n-0000add0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 (line 6).* e\n-0000ade0: 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 3a20 2020 2020 fitextmode: \n+0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 ec\n+0000adc0: 686f 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ho. \n+0000add0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000ade0: 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 653a 2020 2020 efitextmode: \n 0000adf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae00: 2020 2020 2020 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 efitextmod\n-0000ae10: 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 e. (li\n-0000ae20: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6576 616c 3a20 2020 ne 6).* eval: \n+0000ae00: 2020 2020 2020 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f efitextmo\n+0000ae10: 6465 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c de. (l\n+0000ae20: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 7661 6c3a 2020 ine 6).* eval: \n 0000ae30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 e\n-0000ae50: 7661 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 val. \n-0000ae60: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000ae70: 2065 7870 6f72 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 export: \n+0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000ae50: 6576 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eval. \n+0000ae60: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000ae70: 2a20 6578 706f 7274 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * export: \n 0000ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6578 706f 7274 2e20 export. \n-0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000aeb0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6661 6c73 653a line 6).* false:\n-0000aec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000ae90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 7870 6f72 742e export.\n+0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000aeb0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2066 616c 7365 (line 6).* false\n+0000aec0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aee0: 2066 616c 7365 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 false. \n-0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000af00: 0a2a 2046 444c 2c20 474e 5520 4672 6565 .* FDL, GNU Free\n-0000af10: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c Documentation L\n-0000af20: 6963 656e 7365 3a20 2020 474e 5520 4672 icense: GNU Fr\n-0000af30: 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e ee Documentation\n-0000af40: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 License.. \n+0000aee0: 2020 6661 6c73 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 false. \n+0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000af00: 290a 2a20 4644 4c2c 2047 4e55 2046 7265 ).* FDL, GNU Fre\n+0000af10: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 e Documentation \n+0000af20: 4c69 6365 6e73 653a 2020 2047 4e55 2046 License: GNU F\n+0000af30: 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f ree Documentatio\n+0000af40: 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 n License.. \n 0000af50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000af80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000af90: 3629 0a2a 2066 7773 6574 7570 3a20 2020 6).* fwsetup: \n+0000af80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000af90: 2036 290a 2a20 6677 7365 7475 703a 2020 6).* fwsetup: \n 0000afa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6677 7365 fwse\n-0000afc0: 7475 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tup. \n-0000afd0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6764 (line 6).* gd\n-0000afe0: 6269 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 binfo: \n+0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 7773 fws\n+0000afc0: 6574 7570 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etup. \n+0000afd0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 (line 6).* g\n+0000afe0: 6462 696e 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 dbinfo: \n 0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b000: 2020 2020 2067 6462 696e 666f 2e20 2020 gdbinfo. \n-0000b010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000b020: 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a20 e 6).* gettext: \n+0000b000: 2020 2020 2020 6764 6269 6e66 6f2e 2020 gdbinfo. \n+0000b010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000b020: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6765 7474 6578 743a ne 6).* gettext:\n 0000b030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6765 ge\n-0000b050: 7474 6578 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ttext. \n-0000b060: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b070: 6770 7473 796e 633a 2020 2020 2020 2020 gptsync: \n+0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 g\n+0000b050: 6574 7465 7874 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ettext. \n+0000b060: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b070: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 3a20 2020 2020 2020 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6173 6873 756d hashsum\n-0000b130: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000b140: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 656c 703a (line 6).* help:\n-0000b150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6861 7368 7375 hashsu\n+0000b130: 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m. \n+0000b140: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6865 6c70 (line 6).* help\n+0000b150: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000b160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b170: 2020 6865 6c70 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 help. \n-0000b180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b190: 290a 2a20 6865 7864 756d 703a 2020 2020 ).* hexdump: \n+0000b170: 2020 2068 656c 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 help. \n+0000b180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000b190: 3629 0a2a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 3a20 2020 6).* hexdump: \n 0000b1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b1b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6578 6475 hexdu\n-0000b1c0: 6d70 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mp. \n-0000b1d0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e69 (line 6).* ini\n-0000b1e0: 7472 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 trd: \n+0000b1b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 7864 hexd\n+0000b1c0: 756d 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ump. \n+0000b1d0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 696e (line 6).* in\n+0000b1e0: 6974 7264 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 itrd: \n 0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b200: 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 2e20 2020 2020 initrd. \n-0000b210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b220: 2036 290a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a20 6).* initrd16: \n+0000b200: 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 642e 2020 2020 initrd. \n+0000b210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000b220: 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a e 6).* initrd16:\n 0000b230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 ini\n-0000b250: 7472 6431 362e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 trd16. \n-0000b260: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 (line 6).* i\n-0000b270: 6e73 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nsmod: \n+0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e in\n+0000b250: 6974 7264 3136 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 itrd16. \n+0000b260: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000b270: 696e 736d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 insmod: \n 0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b290: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2e20 2020 insmod. \n-0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000b2b0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 ne 6).* keystatu\n-0000b2c0: 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s: \n-0000b2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n-0000b2e0: 6579 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2020 2020 2020 eystatus. \n-0000b2f0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b300: 206c 696e 7578 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 linux: \n+0000b290: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 642e 2020 insmod. \n+0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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2e20 2020 2020 2020 linux16. \n-0000b380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000b390: 0a2a 206c 6973 745f 656e 763a 2020 2020 .* list_env: \n+0000b370: 2020 6c69 6e75 7831 362e 2020 2020 2020 linux16. \n+0000b380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000b390: 290a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 ).* list_env: \n 0000b3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f65 list_e\n-0000b3c0: 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nv. \n-0000b3d0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 7374 (line 6).* list\n-0000b3e0: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 _trusted: \n+0000b3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6973 745f list_\n+0000b3c0: 656e 762e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 env. \n+0000b3d0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 6973 (line 6).* lis\n+0000b3e0: 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 2020 2020 2020 t_trusted: \n 0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b400: 2020 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642e list_trusted.\n-0000b410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000b420: 3629 0a2a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a 2020 6).* load_env: \n+0000b400: 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 list_trusted\n+0000b410: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 . (line\n+0000b420: 2036 290a 2a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a20 6).* load_env: \n 0000b430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 load\n-0000b450: 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _env. \n-0000b460: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c6f (line 6).* lo\n-0000b470: 6164 666f 6e74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 adfont: \n+0000b440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f61 loa\n+0000b450: 645f 656e 762e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d_env. \n+0000b460: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c (line 6).* l\n+0000b470: 6f61 6466 6f6e 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 oadfont: \n 0000b480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b490: 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742e 2020 loadfont. \n-0000b4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000b4b0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a e 6).* loopback:\n-0000b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f lo\n-0000b4e0: 6f70 6261 636b 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 opback. \n-0000b4f0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b500: 6c73 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls: \n+0000b490: 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2e20 loadfont. \n+0000b4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000b4b0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b ne 6).* loopback\n+0000b4c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n+0000b4e0: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 oopback. \n+0000b4f0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b500: 206c 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls: \n 0000b510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b520: 2020 2020 2020 206c 732e 2020 2020 2020 ls. \n-0000b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000b540: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 ine 6).* lsfonts\n-0000b550: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000b520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c73 2e20 2020 2020 ls. \n+0000b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000b540: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c73 666f 6e74 line 6).* lsfont\n+0000b550: 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s: \n 0000b560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b570: 6c73 666f 6e74 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 lsfonts. \n-0000b580: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000b590: 2a20 6c73 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * lsmod: \n+0000b570: 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2e20 2020 2020 2020 lsfonts. \n+0000b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b590: 0a2a 206c 736d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* lsmod: \n 0000b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 736d 6f64 2e20 lsmod. \n+0000b5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c73 6d6f 642e lsmod.\n 0000b5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b5d0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206d 6435 7375 (line 6).* md5su\n-0000b5e0: 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m: \n+0000b5d0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6d64 3573 (line 6).* md5s\n+0000b5e0: 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um: \n 0000b5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b600: 2020 6d64 3573 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 md5sum. \n-0000b610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b620: 290a 2a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a 2020 ).* menuentry: \n+0000b600: 2020 206d 6435 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 md5sum. \n+0000b610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000b620: 3629 0a2a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a20 6).* menuentry: \n 0000b630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 menue\n-0000b650: 6e74 7279 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ntry. \n-0000b660: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206d 6f64 (line 6).* mod\n-0000b670: 756c 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ule: \n+0000b640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 menu\n+0000b650: 656e 7472 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 entry. \n+0000b660: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6d6f (line 6).* mo\n+0000b670: 6475 6c65 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dule: \n 0000b680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b690: 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 module. \n-0000b6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b6b0: 2036 290a 2a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a 6).* multiboot:\n-0000b6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 756c mul\n-0000b6e0: 7469 626f 6f74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot. \n-0000b6f0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n-0000b700: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b3a 2020 2020 2020 ativedisk: \n+0000b690: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 2020 module. \n+0000b6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000b6b0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 e 6).* multiboot\n+0000b6c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000b6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 mu\n+0000b6e0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 ltiboot. \n+0000b6f0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000b700: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 3a20 2020 2020 nativedisk: \n 0000b710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b720: 2020 2020 2020 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b nativedisk\n-0000b730: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 . (li\n-0000b740: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f ne 6).* net_add_\n-0000b750: 6164 6472 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 addr: \n-0000b760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-0000b770: 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722e 2020 2020 et_add_addr. \n-0000b780: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b790: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 net_add_dns: \n+0000b720: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 nativedis\n+0000b730: 6b2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c k. 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(line\n+0000b8b0: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 6).* net_del_dn\n+0000b8c0: 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s: \n+0000b8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 net\n+0000b8e0: 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 _del_dns. \n+0000b8f0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n+0000b900: 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a20 2020 et_del_route: \n 0000b910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b920: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 net_del_rou\n-0000b930: 7465 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e te. (lin\n-0000b940: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a e 6).* net_dhcp:\n-0000b950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n-0000b970: 745f 6468 6370 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_dhcp. \n-0000b980: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b990: 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 net_get_dhcp_opt\n-0000b9a0: 696f 6e3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ion: \n-0000b9b0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 net_get_d\n-0000b9c0: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2020 286c hcp_option. (l\n-0000b9d0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 ine 6).* net_ipv\n-0000b9e0: 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 3a20 2020 2020 6_autoconf: \n+0000b920: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f net_del_ro\n+0000b930: 7574 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 ute. (li\n+0000b940: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 ne 6).* net_dhcp\n+0000b950: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000b960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+0000b970: 6574 5f64 6863 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 et_dhcp. \n+0000b980: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b990: 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 net_get_dhcp_op\n+0000b9a0: 7469 6f6e 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tion: \n+0000b9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6765 745f net_get_\n+0000b9c0: 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 2028 dhcp_option. (\n+0000b9d0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6970 line 6).* net_ip\n+0000b9e0: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 663a 2020 2020 v6_autoconf: \n 0000b9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ba00: 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e net_ipv6_autocon\n-0000ba10: 662e 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a f. (line 6).\n-0000ba20: 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 2020 * net_ls_addr: \n+0000ba00: 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f net_ipv6_autoco\n+0000ba10: 6e66 2e20 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 nf. 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(line\n-0000bb40: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 6).* net_nslook\n-0000bb50: 7570 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up: \n-0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 net\n-0000bb70: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 2020 2020 _nslookup. \n-0000bb80: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n-0000bb90: 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e3a 2020 2020 et_set_vlan: \n+0000bb20: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 net_ls_rout\n+0000bb30: 6573 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e es. (lin\n+0000bb40: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f e 6).* net_nsloo\n+0000bb50: 6b75 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 kup: \n+0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n+0000bb70: 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e20 2020 2020 t_nslookup. \n+0000bb80: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000bb90: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 3a20 2020 net_set_vlan: \n 0000bba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbb0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c net_set_vl\n-0000bbc0: 616e 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 an. (li\n-0000bbd0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 3a20 ne 6).* normal: \n+0000bbb0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 net_set_v\n+0000bbc0: 6c61 6e2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c lan. (l\n+0000bbd0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a ine 6).* normal:\n 0000bbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-0000bc00: 6f72 6d61 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ormal. \n-0000bc10: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000bc20: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 3a20 2020 normal_exit: \n+0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bc00: 6e6f 726d 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 normal. \n+0000bc10: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000bc20: 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 743a 2020 * normal_exit: \n 0000bc30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 normal_e\n-0000bc50: 7869 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 xit. (\n-0000bc60: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7274 746f line 6).* partto\n-0000bc70: 6f6c 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ol: \n+0000bc40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f normal_\n+0000bc50: 6578 6974 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 exit. \n+0000bc60: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6172 7474 (line 6).* partt\n+0000bc70: 6f6f 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ool: \n 0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc90: 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 parttool. \n-0000bca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000bcb0: 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 2020 2020 .* password: \n+0000bc90: 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2e20 2020 2020 parttool. \n+0000bca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000bcb0: 290a 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a20 2020 ).* password: \n 0000bcc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f passwo\n-0000bce0: 7264 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rd. \n-0000bcf0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7373 (line 6).* pass\n-0000bd00: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a 2020 2020 word_pbkdf2: \n+0000bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 passw\n+0000bce0: 6f72 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ord. \n+0000bcf0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6173 (line 6).* pas\n+0000bd00: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 2020 sword_pbkdf2: \n 0000bd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bd20: 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 password_pbkd\n-0000bd30: 6632 2e20 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 f2. (line \n-0000bd40: 3629 0a2a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 6).* plainmount:\n-0000bd50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 plai\n-0000bd70: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nmount. \n-0000bd80: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 706c (line 6).* pl\n-0000bd90: 6179 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ay: \n+0000bd20: 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b password_pbk\n+0000bd30: 6466 322e 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 df2. (line\n+0000bd40: 2036 290a 2a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 6).* plainmount\n+0000bd50: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 pla\n+0000bd70: 696e 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 inmount. \n+0000bd80: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 (line 6).* p\n+0000bd90: 6c61 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lay: \n 0000bda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdb0: 2020 2020 2070 6c61 792e 2020 2020 2020 play. \n-0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000bdd0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a20 2020 e 6).* probe: \n+0000bdb0: 2020 2020 2020 706c 6179 2e20 2020 2020 play. \n+0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000bdd0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7072 6f62 653a 2020 ne 6).* probe: \n 0000bde0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 pr\n-0000be00: 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 obe. \n-0000be10: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000be20: 7264 6d73 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr: \n+0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+0000be00: 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 robe. \n+0000be10: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000be20: 2072 646d 7372 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr: \n 0000be30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be40: 2020 2020 2020 2072 646d 7372 2e20 2020 rdmsr. \n-0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000be60: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6561 643a 2020 ine 6).* read: \n+0000be40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7264 6d73 722e 2020 rdmsr. \n+0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000be60: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6164 3a20 line 6).* read: \n 0000be70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be90: 7265 6164 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 read. \n-0000bea0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000beb0: 2a20 7265 626f 6f74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * reboot: \n+0000be90: 2072 6561 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 read. \n+0000bea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000beb0: 0a2a 2072 6562 6f6f 743a 2020 2020 2020 .* reboot: \n 0000bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6562 6f6f 742e reboot.\n-0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bef0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 (line 6).* regex\n-0000bf00: 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p: \n+0000bed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 626f 6f74 reboot\n+0000bee0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000bef0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6765 (line 6).* rege\n+0000bf00: 7870 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xp: \n 0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf20: 2020 7265 6765 7870 2e20 2020 2020 2020 regexp. \n-0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000bf40: 290a 2a20 726d 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 ).* rmmod: \n+0000bf20: 2020 2072 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\n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000bfd0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 683a 2020 e 6).* search: \n 0000bfe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 sea\n-0000c000: 7263 682e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rch. \n-0000c010: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n-0000c020: 656e 646b 6579 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 endkey: \n+0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n+0000c000: 6172 6368 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 arch. \n+0000c010: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000c020: 7365 6e64 6b65 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 sendkey: \n 0000c030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c040: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6e64 6b65 792e 2020 sendkey. \n-0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c060: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a20 ne 6).* serial: \n+0000c040: 2020 2020 2020 2073 656e 646b 6579 2e20 sendkey. \n+0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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2020 2020 \n+0000c0f0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 (line 6).* sha1s\n+0000c100: 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um: \n 0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c120: 2073 6861 3173 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 sha1sum. \n-0000c130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000c140: 0a2a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a20 2020 .* sha256sum: \n+0000c120: 2020 7368 6131 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 sha1sum. \n+0000c130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000c140: 290a 2a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 2020 ).* sha256sum: \n 0000c150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 6132 3536 sha256\n-0000c170: 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum. \n-0000c180: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6135 (line 6).* sha5\n-0000c190: 3132 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 12sum: \n+0000c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 3235 sha25\n+0000c170: 3673 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6sum. \n+0000c180: 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(line 6).* s\n+0000c220: 6d62 696f 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mbios: \n 0000c230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c240: 2020 2020 2073 6d62 696f 732e 2020 2020 smbios. \n-0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000c260: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 2020 e 6).* source: \n+0000c240: 2020 2020 2020 736d 6269 6f73 2e20 2020 smbios. \n+0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000c260: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 736f 7572 6365 3a20 ne 6).* source: \n 0000c270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736f so\n-0000c290: 7572 6365 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 urce. \n-0000c2a0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000c2b0: 7375 626d 656e 753a 2020 2020 2020 2020 submenu: \n+0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+0000c290: 6f75 7263 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ource. \n+0000c2a0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000c2b0: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 3a20 2020 2020 2020 submenu: \n 0000c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 submenu. \n-0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000c2f0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ine 6).* termina\n-0000c300: 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_input: \n+0000c2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 626d 656e 752e submenu.\n+0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000c2f0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e line 6).* termin\n+0000c300: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 al_input: \n 0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c320: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2e20 terminal_input. \n-0000c330: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000c340: 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 * terminal_outpu\n-0000c350: 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t: \n-0000c360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 termina\n-0000c370: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 l_output. \n-0000c380: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 (line 6).* termi\n-0000c390: 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nfo: \n+0000c320: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742e terminal_input.\n+0000c330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000c340: 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 .* terminal_outp\n+0000c350: 7574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ut: \n+0000c360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e termin\n+0000c370: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742e 2020 2020 2020 al_output. \n+0000c380: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d (line 6).* term\n+0000c390: 696e 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 info: \n 0000c3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c3b0: 2020 7465 726d 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 terminfo. \n-0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000c3d0: 290a 2a20 7465 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ).* test: \n+0000c3b0: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 terminfo. \n+0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 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6).* trust: \n 0000c470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 tru\n-0000c490: 7374 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 st. \n-0000c4a0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2075 (line 6).* u\n-0000c4b0: 6e73 6574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nset: \n+0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 tr\n+0000c490: 7573 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ust. \n+0000c4a0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000c4b0: 756e 7365 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 unset: \n 0000c4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c4d0: 2020 2020 2020 756e 7365 742e 2020 2020 unset. \n-0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c4f0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 ne 6).* verify_d\n-0000c500: 6574 6163 6865 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 etached: \n-0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 v\n-0000c520: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2e20 erify_detached. \n-0000c530: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 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Copyrigh\n-00000090: 7420 c2a9 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 t ...1999,2000,2\n-000000a0: 3030 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 001,2002,2004,20\n-000000b0: 3036 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 06,2008,2009,201\n-000000c0: 302c 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 0,2011,2012,2013\n-000000d0: 2046 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 Free.Software F\n-000000e0: 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a oundation, Inc..\n-000000f0: 0a20 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e . Permission\n-00000100: 2069 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 is granted to c\n-00000110: 6f70 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 opy, distribute \n-00000120: 616e 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 and/or modify th\n-00000130: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 is. document\n-00000140: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 under the terms\n-00000150: 206f 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 of the GNU Free\n-00000160: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c Documentation L\n-00000170: 6963 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 icense,. Ver\n-00000180: 7369 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 sion 1.2 or any \n-00000190: 6c61 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 later version pu\n-000001a0: 626c 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 blished by the F\n-000001b0: 7265 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 ree Software. \n-000001c0: 2020 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 Foundation; wi\n-000001d0: 7468 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 th no Invariant \n-000001e0: 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 Sections..INFO-D\n-000001f0: 4952 2d53 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 IR-SECTION Kerne\n-00000200: 6c0a 5354 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 l.START-INFO-DIR\n-00000210: 2d45 4e54 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 -ENTRY.* GRUB: (\n-00000220: 6772 7562 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 grub). \n-00000230: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 The GRand\n-00000240: 2055 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 Unified Bootloa\n-00000250: 6465 720a 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 der.* grub-insta\n-00000260: 6c6c 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 ll: (grub)Invoki\n-00000270: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e ng grub-install.\n-00000280: 2020 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 Install GRUB\n-00000290: 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a on your drive.*\n-000002a0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 grub-mkconfig: \n-000002b0: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n-000002c0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 rub-mkconfig. 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lksize.158190.No\n-000011f0: 6465 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f de: pxe_default_\n-00001200: 6761 7465 7761 797f 3135 3833 3637 0a4e gateway.158367.N\n-00001210: 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ode: pxe_default\n-00001220: 5f73 6572 7665 727f 3135 3835 3732 0a4e _server.158572.N\n-00001230: 6f64 653a 2072 6f6f 747f 3135 3837 3638 ode: root.158768\n-00001240: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b .Node: shim_lock\n-00001250: 7f31 3539 3332 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 .159328.Node: su\n-00001260: 7065 7275 7365 7273 7f31 3539 3539 390a perusers.159599.\n-00001270: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7468 656d 657f 3135 3938 Node: theme.1598\n-00001280: 3532 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 52.Node: timeout\n-00001290: 7f31 3630 3137 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 .160177.Node: ti\n-000012a0: 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 657f 3136 3038 meout_style.1608\n-000012b0: 3338 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 706d 5f66 6169 38.Node: tpm_fai\n-000012c0: 6c5f 6661 7461 6c7f 3136 3132 3632 0a4e l_fatal.161262.N\n-000012d0: 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ode: Environment\n-000012e0: 2062 6c6f 636b 7f31 3631 3934 370a 4e6f block.161947.No\n-000012f0: 6465 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 737f 3136 3334 de: Modules.1634\n-00001300: 3033 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6c69 7f31 3633 03.Node: bli.163\n-00001310: 3638 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 688.Node: Comman\n-00001320: 6473 7f31 3634 3636 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ds.164667.Node: \n-00001330: 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f Menu-specific co\n-00001340: 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 3635 3535 360a 4e6f mmands.165556.No\n-00001350: 6465 3a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 797f 3136 de: menuentry.16\n-00001360: 3632 3735 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 7562 6d65 6275.Node: subme\n-00001370: 6e75 7f31 3637 3836 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 nu.167864.Node: \n-00001380: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f Loader commands.\n-00001390: 3136 3833 3937 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6861 168397.Node: cha\n-000013a0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 7f31 3730 3839 330a inloader.170893.\n-000013b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 7f31 3731 Node: initrd.171\n-000013c0: 3538 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 586.Node: initrd\n-000013d0: 3136 7f31 3733 3738 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 16.173782.Node: \n-000013e0: 6c69 6e75 787f 3137 3433 3838 0a4e 6f64 linux.174388.Nod\n-000013f0: 653a 206c 696e 7578 3136 7f31 3735 3239 e: linux16.17529\n-00001400: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 5.Node: xen_hype\n-00001410: 7276 6973 6f72 7f31 3736 3030 300a 4e6f rvisor.176000.No\n-00001420: 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 7f31 de: xen_module.1\n-00001430: 3736 3434 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 76444.Node: Gene\n-00001440: 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 3736 ral commands.176\n-00001450: 3934 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 7269 616c 945.Node: serial\n-00001460: 7f31 3737 3339 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 .177395.Node: te\n-00001470: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 7f31 3739 rminal_input.179\n-00001480: 3236 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 267.Node: termin\n-00001490: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 747f 3137 3939 3337 al_output.179937\n-000014a0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f7f .Node: terminfo.\n-000014b0: 3138 3036 3038 0a4e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 180608.Node: Com\n-000014c0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000014d0: 6473 7f31 3831 3839 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ds.181895.Node: \n-000014e0: 5b7f 3138 3730 3332 0a4e 6f64 653a 2061 [.187032.Node: a\n-000014f0: 6370 697f 3138 3732 3033 0a4e 6f64 653a cpi.187203.Node:\n-00001500: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 657f 3138 authenticate.18\n-00001510: 3834 3735 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 8475.Node: backg\n-00001520: 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 727f 3138 3838 round_color.1888\n-00001530: 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 95.Node: backgro\n-00001540: 756e 645f 696d 6167 657f 3138 3935 3537 und_image.189557\n-00001550: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6164 7261 6d7f 3139 .Node: badram.19\n-00001560: 3030 3938 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f 636b 0098.Node: block\n-00001570: 6c69 7374 7f31 3931 3437 330a 4e6f 6465 list.191473.Node\n-00001580: 3a20 626f 6f74 7f31 3931 3639 320a 4e6f : boot.191692.No\n-00001590: 6465 3a20 6361 747f 3139 3139 3939 0a4e de: cat.191999.N\n-000015a0: 6f64 653a 2063 6c65 6172 7f31 3932 3937 ode: clear.19297\n-000015b0: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6.Node: cmosclea\n-000015c0: 6e7f 3139 3331 3339 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 n.193139.Node: c\n-000015d0: 6d6f 7364 756d 707f 3139 3334 3238 0a4e mosdump.193428.N\n-000015e0: 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 747f 3139 ode: cmostest.19\n-000015f0: 3337 3038 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 7f31 3708.Node: cmp.1\n-00001600: 3934 3035 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 94051.Node: conf\n-00001610: 6967 6669 6c65 7f31 3934 3830 360a 4e6f igfile.194806.No\n-00001620: 6465 3a20 6370 7569 647f 3139 3532 3230 de: cpuid.195220\n-00001630: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 7263 7f31 3935 3738 .Node: crc.19578\n-00001640: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 8.Node: cryptomo\n-00001650: 756e 747f 3139 3630 3535 0a4e 6f64 653a unt.196055.Node:\n-00001660: 2063 7574 6d65 6d7f 3139 3833 3235 0a4e cutmem.198325.N\n-00001670: 6f64 653a 2064 6174 657f 3139 3931 3933 ode: date.199193\n-00001680: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 .Node: devicetre\n-00001690: 657f 3139 3937 3232 0a4e 6f64 653a 2064 e.199722.Node: d\n-000016a0: 6973 7472 7573 747f 3230 3032 3439 0a4e istrust.200249.N\n-000016b0: 6f64 653a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 707f 3230 ode: drivemap.20\n-000016c0: 3130 3335 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6368 6f7f 1035.Node: echo.\n-000016d0: 3230 3138 3732 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 201872.Node: efi\n-000016e0: 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 7f32 3032 3834 370a textmode.202847.\n-000016f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6576 616c 7f32 3035 3038 Node: eval.20508\n-00001700: 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 7f32 1.Node: export.2\n-00001710: 3035 3335 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 05356.Node: fals\n-00001720: 657f 3230 3536 3536 0a4e 6f64 653a 2066 e.205656.Node: f\n-00001730: 7773 6574 7570 7f32 3035 3934 350a 4e6f wsetup.205945.No\n-00001740: 6465 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f7f 3230 3632 de: gdbinfo.2062\n-00001750: 3934 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 6574 7465 7874 94.Node: gettext\n-00001760: 7f32 3036 3833 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6770 .206833.Node: gp\n-00001770: 7473 796e 637f 3230 3732 3739 0a4e 6f64 tsync.207279.Nod\n-00001780: 653a 2068 616c 747f 3230 3832 3231 0a4e e: halt.208221.N\n-00001790: 6f64 653a 2068 6173 6873 756d 7f32 3038 ode: hashsum.208\n-000017a0: 3630 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 7f32 601.Node: help.2\n-000017b0: 3039 3930 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 7864 09902.Node: hexd\n-000017c0: 756d 707f 3231 3033 3535 0a4e 6f64 653a ump.210355.Node:\n-000017d0: 2069 6e73 6d6f 647f 3231 3039 3732 0a4e insmod.210972.N\n-000017e0: 6f64 653a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 7f32 ode: keystatus.2\n-000017f0: 3131 3137 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 11178.Node: list\n-00001800: 5f65 6e76 7f32 3131 3830 330a 4e6f 6465 _env.211803.Node\n-00001810: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 7f32 : list_trusted.2\n-00001820: 3132 3135 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 12158.Node: load\n-00001830: 5f65 6e76 7f32 3132 3733 340a 4e6f 6465 _env.212734.Node\n-00001840: 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 7f32 3134 3432 : loadfont.21442\n-00001850: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0.Node: loopback\n-00001860: 7f32 3134 3738 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 .214784.Node: ls\n-00001870: 7f32 3135 3337 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 .215376.Node: ls\n-00001880: 666f 6e74 737f 3231 3539 3033 0a4e 6f64 fonts.215903.Nod\n-00001890: 653a 206c 736d 6f64 7f32 3136 3037 300a e: lsmod.216070.\n-000018a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 7f32 3136 Node: md5sum.216\n-000018b0: 3234 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 245.Node: module\n-000018c0: 7f32 3136 3531 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 .216517.Node: mu\n-000018d0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 747f 3231 3638 3134 0a4e ltiboot.216814.N\n-000018e0: 6f64 653a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b7f ode: nativedisk.\n-000018f0: 3231 3739 3132 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 217912.Node: nor\n-00001900: 6d61 6c7f 3231 3832 3936 0a4e 6f64 653a mal.218296.Node:\n-00001910: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 7f32 3139 normal_exit.219\n-00001920: 3036 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7274 746f 064.Node: partto\n-00001930: 6f6c 7f32 3139 3337 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ol.219371.Node: \n-00001940: 7061 7373 776f 7264 7f32 3230 3839 380a password.220898.\n-00001950: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 Node: password_p\n-00001960: 626b 6466 327f 3232 3131 3635 0a4e 6f64 bkdf2.221165.Nod\n-00001970: 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 747f 3232 e: plainmount.22\n-00001980: 3135 3638 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 1568.Node: plain\n-00001990: 6d6f 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f mount-Footnotes.\n-000019a0: 3232 3533 3330 0a52 6566 3a20 706c 6169 225330.Ref: plai\n-000019b0: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d nmount-Footnote-\n-000019c0: 317f 3232 3533 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 1.225395.Node: p\n-000019d0: 6c61 797f 3232 3534 3836 0a4e 6f64 653a lay.225486.Node:\n-000019e0: 2070 726f 6265 7f32 3236 3231 340a 4e6f probe.226214.No\n-000019f0: 6465 3a20 7264 6d73 727f 3232 3636 3835 de: rdmsr.226685\n-00001a00: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6561 647f 3232 3734 .Node: read.2274\n-00001a10: 3537 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 747f 57.Node: reboot.\n-00001a20: 3232 3739 3030 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6567 227900.Node: reg\n-00001a30: 6578 707f 3232 3830 3638 0a4e 6f64 653a exp.228068.Node:\n-00001a40: 2072 6d6d 6f64 7f32 3238 3630 300a 4e6f rmmod.228600.No\n-00001a50: 6465 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 7f32 3238 de: save_env.228\n-00001a60: 3737 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 778.Node: search\n-00001a70: 7f32 3239 3739 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 .229795.Node: se\n-00001a80: 6e64 6b65 797f 3233 3134 3039 0a4e 6f64 ndkey.231409.Nod\n-00001a90: 653a 2073 6574 7f32 3337 3932 330a 4e6f e: set.237923.No\n-00001aa0: 6465 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d7f 3233 3833 de: sha1sum.2383\n-00001ab0: 3335 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 35.Node: sha256s\n-00001ac0: 756d 7f32 3338 3631 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 um.238613.Node: \n-00001ad0: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d7f 3233 3839 3035 sha512sum.238905\n-00001ae0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6c65 6570 7f32 3339 .Node: sleep.239\n-00001af0: 3139 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 195.Node: smbios\n-00001b00: 7f32 3339 3730 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f .239708.Node: so\n-00001b10: 7572 6365 7f32 3432 3737 320a 4e6f 6465 urce.242772.Node\n-00001b20: 3a20 7465 7374 7f32 3433 3331 380a 4e6f : test.243318.No\n-00001b30: 6465 3a20 7472 7565 7f32 3436 3139 320a de: true.246192.\n-00001b40: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7573 747f 3234 3634 Node: trust.2464\n-00001b50: 3731 0a4e 6f64 653a 2075 6e73 6574 7f32 71.Node: unset.2\n-00001b60: 3437 3237 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 47274.Node: veri\n-00001b70: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 647f 3234 3734 fy_detached.2474\n-00001b80: 3733 0a4e 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 73.Node: videoin\n-00001b90: 666f 7f32 3438 3531 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 fo.248517.Node: \n-00001ba0: 7772 6d73 727f 3234 3837 3830 0a4e 6f64 wrmsr.248780.Nod\n-00001bb0: 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f e: Networking co\n-00001bc0: 6d6d 616e 6473 7f32 3439 3535 360a 4e6f mmands.249556.No\n-00001bd0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 de: net_add_addr\n-00001be0: 7f32 3530 3632 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .250629.Node: ne\n-00001bf0: 745f 6164 645f 646e 737f 3235 3131 3533 t_add_dns.251153\n-00001c00: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 .Node: net_add_r\n-00001c10: 6f75 7465 7f32 3531 3432 390a 4e6f 6465 oute.251429.Node\n-00001c20: 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 707f 3235 3139 : net_bootp.2519\n-00001c30: 3537 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 57.Node: net_del\n-00001c40: 5f61 6464 727f 3235 3233 3232 0a4e 6f64 _addr.252322.Nod\n-00001c50: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 7f32 e: net_del_dns.2\n-00001c60: 3532 3536 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 52562.Node: net_\n-00001c70: 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 657f 3235 3238 3039 del_route.252809\n-00001c80: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 707f .Node: net_dhcp.\n-00001c90: 3235 3330 3433 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 253043.Node: net\n-00001ca0: 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e _get_dhcp_option\n-00001cb0: 7f32 3535 3131 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .255118.Node: ne\n-00001cc0: 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 667f 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3434 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 63446.Node: Secu\n-00001dc0: 7269 7479 7f32 3730 3238 360a 4e6f 6465 rity.270286.Node\n-00001dd0: 3a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e : Authentication\n-00001de0: 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 and authorisati\n-00001df0: 6f6e 7f32 3730 3836 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 on.270862.Node: \n-00001e00: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n-00001e10: 676e 6174 7572 6573 7f32 3734 3035 380a gnatures.274058.\n-00001e20: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 Node: UEFI secur\n-00001e30: 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d7f e boot and shim.\n-00001e40: 3237 3734 3234 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 277424.Node: Sec\n-00001e50: 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 ure Boot Advance\n-00001e60: 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 677f 3237 3836 d Targeting.2786\n-00001e70: 3033 0a4e 6f64 653a 204d 6561 7375 7265 03.Node: Measure\n-00001e80: 6420 426f 6f74 7f32 3739 3634 320a 4e6f d Boot.279642.No\n-00001e90: 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 7f32 3831 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206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 747f 3231 3434 e: loadfont.2144\n+00001850: 3232 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 22.Node: loopbac\n+00001860: 6b7f 3231 3437 3836 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c k.214786.Node: l\n+00001870: 737f 3231 3533 3738 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c s.215378.Node: l\n+00001880: 7366 6f6e 7473 7f32 3135 3930 350a 4e6f sfonts.215905.No\n+00001890: 6465 3a20 6c73 6d6f 647f 3231 3630 3732 de: lsmod.216072\n+000018a0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 6435 7375 6d7f 3231 .Node: md5sum.21\n+000018b0: 3632 3437 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c 6247.Node: modul\n+000018c0: 657f 3231 3635 3139 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d e.216519.Node: m\n+000018d0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 7f32 3136 3831 360a ultiboot.216816.\n+000018e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b Node: nativedisk\n+000018f0: 7f32 3137 3931 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f .217914.Node: no\n+00001900: 726d 616c 7f32 3138 3239 380a 4e6f 6465 rmal.218298.Node\n+00001910: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 747f 3231 : normal_exit.21\n+00001920: 3930 3636 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 9066.Node: partt\n+00001930: 6f6f 6c7f 3231 3933 3733 0a4e 6f64 653a ool.219373.Node:\n+00001940: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 647f 3232 3039 3030 password.220900\n+00001950: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f .Node: password_\n+00001960: 7062 6b64 6632 7f32 3231 3136 370a 4e6f pbkdf2.221167.No\n+00001970: 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 7f32 de: plainmount.2\n+00001980: 3231 3537 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 21570.Node: plai\n+00001990: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 nmount-Footnotes\n+000019a0: 7f32 3235 3333 320a 5265 663a 2070 6c61 .225332.Ref: pla\n+000019b0: 696e 6d6f 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 inmount-Footnote\n+000019c0: 2d31 7f32 3235 3339 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 -1.225397.Node: \n+000019d0: 706c 6179 7f32 3235 3438 380a 4e6f 6465 play.225488.Node\n+000019e0: 3a20 7072 6f62 657f 3232 3632 3136 0a4e : probe.226216.N\n+000019f0: 6f64 653a 2072 646d 7372 7f32 3236 3638 ode: rdmsr.22668\n+00001a00: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6164 7f32 3237 7.Node: read.227\n+00001a10: 3435 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 459.Node: reboot\n+00001a20: 7f32 3237 3930 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 .227902.Node: re\n+00001a30: 6765 7870 7f32 3238 3037 300a 4e6f 6465 gexp.228070.Node\n+00001a40: 3a20 726d 6d6f 647f 3232 3836 3032 0a4e : rmmod.228602.N\n+00001a50: 6f64 653a 2073 6176 655f 656e 767f 3232 ode: save_env.22\n+00001a60: 3837 3830 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 8780.Node: searc\n+00001a70: 687f 3232 3937 3937 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 h.229797.Node: s\n+00001a80: 656e 646b 6579 7f32 3331 3431 310a 4e6f endkey.231411.No\n+00001a90: 6465 3a20 7365 747f 3233 3739 3235 0a4e de: set.237925.N\n+00001aa0: 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3173 756d 7f32 3338 ode: sha1sum.238\n+00001ab0: 3333 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 337.Node: sha256\n+00001ac0: 7375 6d7f 3233 3836 3135 0a4e 6f64 653a sum.238615.Node:\n+00001ad0: 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 7f32 3338 3930 sha512sum.23890\n+00001ae0: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736c 6565 707f 3233 7.Node: sleep.23\n+00001af0: 3931 3937 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 696f 9197.Node: smbio\n+00001b00: 737f 3233 3937 3130 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 s.239710.Node: s\n+00001b10: 6f75 7263 657f 3234 3237 3734 0a4e 6f64 ource.242774.Nod\n+00001b20: 653a 2074 6573 747f 3234 3333 3230 0a4e e: test.243320.N\n+00001b30: 6f64 653a 2074 7275 657f 3234 3631 3934 ode: true.246194\n+00001b40: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 7275 7374 7f32 3436 .Node: trust.246\n+00001b50: 3437 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e 7365 747f 473.Node: unset.\n+00001b60: 3234 3732 3736 0a4e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 247276.Node: ver\n+00001b70: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 7f32 3437 ify_detached.247\n+00001b80: 3437 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 475.Node: videoi\n+00001b90: 6e66 6f7f 3234 3835 3139 0a4e 6f64 653a nfo.248519.Node:\n+00001ba0: 2077 726d 7372 7f32 3438 3738 320a 4e6f wrmsr.248782.No\n+00001bb0: 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 de: Networking c\n+00001bc0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3234 3935 3538 0a4e ommands.249558.N\n+00001bd0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 ode: net_add_add\n+00001be0: 727f 3235 3036 3331 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e r.250631.Node: n\n+00001bf0: 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 7f32 3531 3135 et_add_dns.25115\n+00001c00: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 5.Node: net_add_\n+00001c10: 726f 7574 657f 3235 3134 3331 0a4e 6f64 route.251431.Nod\n+00001c20: 653a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 7f32 3531 e: net_bootp.251\n+00001c30: 3935 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 959.Node: net_de\n+00001c40: 6c5f 6164 6472 7f32 3532 3332 340a 4e6f l_addr.252324.No\n+00001c50: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 737f de: net_del_dns.\n+00001c60: 3235 3235 3634 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 252564.Node: net\n+00001c70: 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 7f32 3532 3831 _del_route.25281\n+00001c80: 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 1.Node: net_dhcp\n+00001c90: 7f32 3533 3034 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .253045.Node: ne\n+00001ca0: 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f t_get_dhcp_optio\n+00001cb0: 6e7f 3235 3531 3230 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e n.255120.Node: n\n+00001cc0: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n+00001cd0: 7f32 3535 3632 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .255621.Node: ne\n+00001ce0: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 727f 3235 3630 3436 t_ls_addr.256046\n+00001cf0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 .Node: net_ls_ca\n+00001d00: 7264 737f 3235 3632 3934 0a4e 6f64 653a rds.256294.Node:\n+00001d10: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 737f 3235 3635 net_ls_dns.2565\n+00001d20: 3330 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 30.Node: net_ls_\n+00001d30: 726f 7574 6573 7f32 3536 3736 310a 4e6f routes.256761.No\n+00001d40: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 de: net_nslookup\n+00001d50: 7f32 3536 3936 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .256968.Node: ne\n+00001d60: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 7f32 3537 3237 t_set_vlan.25727\n+00001d70: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 3.Node: Undocume\n+00001d80: 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3235 nted commands.25\n+00001d90: 3737 3336 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 7736.Node: Inter\n+00001da0: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e7f nationalisation.\n+00001db0: 3236 3334 3438 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 263448.Node: Sec\n+00001dc0: 7572 6974 797f 3237 3032 3838 0a4e 6f64 urity.270288.Nod\n+00001dd0: 653a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f e: Authenticatio\n+00001de0: 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 n and authorisat\n+00001df0: 696f 6e7f 3237 3038 3634 0a4e 6f64 653a ion.270864.Node:\n+00001e00: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n+00001e10: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 737f 3237 3430 3630 ignatures.274060\n+00001e20: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 .Node: UEFI secu\n+00001e30: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d re boot and shim\n+00001e40: 7f32 3737 3432 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 .277426.Node: Se\n+00001e50: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n+00001e60: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 7f32 3738 ed Targeting.278\n+00001e70: 3630 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 605.Node: Measur\n+00001e80: 6564 2042 6f6f 747f 3237 3936 3434 0a4e ed Boot.279644.N\n+00001e90: 6f64 653a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e7f 3238 ode: Lockdown.28\n+00001ea0: 3136 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 1646.Node: Platf\n+00001eb0: 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 737f orm limitations.\n+00001ec0: 3238 3231 3437 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 282147.Node: Pla\n+00001ed0: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f tform-specific o\n+00001ee0: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 737f 3239 3031 3536 perations.290156\n+00001ef0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 .Node: Supported\n+00001f00: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 7f32 3931 3234 370a kernels.291247.\n+00001f10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f Node: Troublesho\n+00001f20: 6f74 696e 677f 3239 3838 3834 0a4e 6f64 oting.298884.Nod\n+00001f30: 653a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 e: GRUB only off\n+00001f40: 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 ers a rescue she\n+00001f50: 6c6c 7f32 3939 3135 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ll.299153.Node: \n+00001f60: 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 Firmware stalls \n+00001f70: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 instead of booti\n+00001f80: 6e67 2047 5255 427f 3330 3333 3834 0a4e ng GRUB.303384.N\n+00001f90: 6f64 653a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 ode: User-space \n+00001fa0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 737f 3330 3430 3135 utilities.304015\n+00001fb0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 .Node: Invoking \n+00001fc0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 7f33 3034 grub-install.304\n+00001fd0: 3734 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 746.Node: Invoki\n+00001fe0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n+00001ff0: 7f33 3036 3936 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .306969.Node: In\n+00002000: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 voking grub-mkpa\n+00002010: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 327f 3330 3736 sswd-pbkdf2.3076\n+00002020: 3531 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 51.Node: Invokin\n+00002030: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 g grub-mkrelpath\n+00002040: 7f33 3038 3336 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .308363.Node: In\n+00002050: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+00002060: 7363 7565 7f33 3039 3138 350a 4e6f 6465 scue.309185.Node\n+00002070: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00002080: 6d6f 756e 747f 3331 3130 3433 0a4e 6f64 mount.311043.Nod\n+00002090: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n+000020a0: 2d70 726f 6265 7f33 3134 3139 370a 4e6f -probe.314197.No\n+000020b0: 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 de: Invoking gru\n+000020c0: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 7f33 b-script-check.3\n+000020d0: 3136 3936 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 16960.Node: Obta\n+000020e0: 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 ining and Buildi\n+000020f0: 6e67 2047 5255 427f 3331 3737 3137 0a4e ng GRUB.317717.N\n+00002100: 6f64 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 ode: Reporting b\n+00002110: 7567 737f 3331 3839 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a ugs.318962.Node:\n+00002120: 2046 7574 7572 657f 3332 3137 3836 0a4e Future.321786.N\n+00002130: 6f64 653a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 ode: Copying Thi\n+00002140: 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 7f33 3232 3138 360a s Manual.322186.\n+00002150: 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 Node: GNU Free D\n+00002160: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n+00002170: 656e 7365 7f33 3232 3431 340a 4e6f 6465 ense.322414.Node\n+00002180: 3a20 496e 6465 787f 3334 3438 3036 0a1f : Index.344806..\n+00002190: 0a45 6e64 2054 6167 2054 6162 6c65 0a0a .End Tag Table..\n+000021a0: 1f0a 4c6f 6361 6c20 5661 7269 6162 6c65 ..Local Variable\n+000021b0: 733a 0a63 6f64 696e 673a 2075 7466 2d38 s:.coding: utf-8\n+000021c0: 0a45 6e64 3a0a .End:.\n"}]}]}]}]}]}