{"diffoscope-json-version": 1, "source1": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.t5yiYNg7/b1/grub2_2.12-9_arm64.changes", "source2": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.t5yiYNg7/b2/grub2_2.12-9_arm64.changes", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "Files", "source2": "Files", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n \n 900801b383600ebc791a21e3f39e0067 10939588 debug optional grub-common-dbgsym_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n e16375b698385761f1ddc77b9a94710f 2877484 admin optional grub-common_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n- 3d742f65ac06ab5e2edd9b30319b36a9 944076 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n+ 264b257beead82c77445bb02b8a2fa90 944012 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n bd7d6f06d4d1deb18dc6fc96555a1dbd 3033512 debug optional grub-efi-arm64-dbg_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n f5b6274fde11096d36623e6979e587ef 317352 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-signed-template_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n- 73959e822ae701ce0f8efbf97ee20876 1332440 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-unsigned_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n+ 336cb893b1077e047d476faa24d8511a 1332532 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-unsigned_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n 4ffd619fd059418c16399ab1deb5eb15 46576 admin optional grub-efi-arm64_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n b13379752d184658b1b9d9421f84350e 2372 admin optional grub-efi_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n d08c9c3342dfaf04c3f46fa351a83e2b 415156 debian-installer optional grub-mount-udeb_2.12-9_arm64.udeb\n 2d7061e65e5b7a88791f730a2da94db0 2156800 admin optional grub-theme-starfield_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n d1c0179daf50f79357d5abc505b8f207 1460268 debug optional grub2-common-dbgsym_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n- 677545652878d159ea6dfebff328f691 612332 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n+ ff10479fce5657ca9106c751f974418b 612372 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n"}, {"source1": "grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.12-9_arm64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.12-9_arm64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 6956 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 936928 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 6960 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 936860 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -135,15 +135,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6696 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6824 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6704 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6808 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6760 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 12232 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4142 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2405 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2403 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 48304 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4600 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3120 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 185608 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6416 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 12440 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 206768 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=arm64\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-arm64-unsigned_2.12-9_arm64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-arm64-unsigned_2.12-9_arm64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1192 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1331056 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1196 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1331144 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/gcdaa64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/gcdaa64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -556831,15 +556831,15 @@\n \t...\n 256240:\tudf\t#140\n 256244:\tudf\t#0\n 256248:\tudf\t#172\n 25624c:\tudf\t#0\n 256250:\t.inst\t0x000cd3b6 ; undefined\n 256254:\tudf\t#0\n- 256258:\tlslr\tz4.h, p0/m, z4.h, z0.h\n+ 256258:\t.inst\t0x08ae8004 ; undefined\n 25625c:\t.inst\t0xd3e00000 ; undefined\n 256260:\tudf\t#12\n \t...\n 256e78:\tudf\t#2\n 256e7c:\tudf\t#40\n 256e80:\tldp\td14, d27, [x27, #-224]\n 256e84:\tstnp\tw1, w27, [x3, #-256]\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubaa64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubaa64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -644803,15 +644803,15 @@\n 2b553c:\t.inst\t0x006c8018 ; undefined\n \t...\n 2b554c:\t.inst\t0x008c0000 ; undefined\n 2b5550:\tudf\t#0\n 2b5554:\tmov\tx0, #0xa000 \t// #40960\n 2b5558:\tudf\t#12\n 2b555c:\t.inst\t0x80040000 ; undefined\n- 2b5560:\tudf\t#1111\n+ 2b5560:\tudf\t#2222\n 2b5564:\t.inst\t0x000cd2b6 ; undefined\n \t...\n 2b62a8:\tudf\t#3\n 2b62ac:\tudf\t#24\n 2b62b0:\t.inst\t0x4946452f ; undefined\n 2b62b4:\t.inst\t0x6265642f ; undefined\n 2b62b8:\t.inst\t0x006e6169 ; undefined\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64-installer.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -561567,15 +561567,15 @@\n \t...\n 25b998:\tudf\t#140\n 25b99c:\tudf\t#0\n 25b9a0:\tudf\t#172\n 25b9a4:\tudf\t#0\n 25b9a8:\t.inst\t0x000cd366 ; undefined\n 25b9ac:\tudf\t#0\n- 25b9b0:\tlslr\tz4.h, p0/m, z4.h, z0.h\n+ 25b9b0:\t.inst\t0x08ae8004 ; undefined\n 25b9b4:\t.inst\t0xd3900000 ; undefined\n 25b9b8:\tudf\t#12\n \t...\n 25c620:\tudf\t#2\n 25c624:\tudf\t#40\n 25c628:\tldp\td14, d27, [x27, #-224]\n 25c62c:\tstnp\tw1, w27, [x3, #-256]\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -561567,15 +561567,15 @@\n \t...\n 25b998:\tudf\t#140\n 25b99c:\tudf\t#0\n 25b9a0:\tudf\t#172\n 25b9a4:\tudf\t#0\n 25b9a8:\t.inst\t0x000cd366 ; undefined\n 25b9ac:\tudf\t#0\n- 25b9b0:\tlslr\tz4.h, p0/m, z4.h, z0.h\n+ 25b9b0:\t.inst\t0x08ae8004 ; undefined\n 25b9b4:\t.inst\t0xd3900000 ; undefined\n 25b9b8:\tudf\t#12\n \t...\n 25c620:\tudf\t#2\n 25c624:\tudf\t#40\n 25c628:\tldp\td14, d27, [x27, #-224]\n 25c62c:\tstnp\tw1, w27, [x3, #-256]\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub2-common_2.12-9_arm64.deb", "source2": "grub2-common_2.12-9_arm64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1372 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 610768 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 610808 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -22,16 +22,16 @@\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 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2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1958 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-install.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 921 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-reboot.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 655 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-set-default.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 248 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/update-grub.8.gz\n lrwxrwxrwx 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/sbin/update-grub2 -> update-grub\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-1", "source2": "grub.info-1", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,18915 +1,18915 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 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Make a GRU\n-00000390: 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a B rescue image.*\n-000003a0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 2028 6772 grub-mount: (gr\n-000003b0: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-000003c0: 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 204d -mount. M\n-000003d0: 6f75 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 ount a file syst\n-000003e0: 656d 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 em using GRUB.* \n-000003f0: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 2867 7275 grub-probe: (gru\n-00000400: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-00000410: 7072 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 probe. Pr\n-00000420: 6f62 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 obe device infor\n-00000430: 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 7363 mation.* grub-sc\n-00000440: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 2867 7275 ript-check: (gru\n-00000450: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-00000460: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2e0a 454e script-check..EN\n-00000470: 442d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 5259 D-INFO-DIR-ENTRY\n-00000480: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00000490: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 546f 702c nfo, Node: Top,\n-000004a0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 Next: Introduc\n-000004b0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2028 6469 7229 tion, Up: (dir)\n-000004c0: 0a0a 474e 5520 4752 5542 206d 616e 7561 ..GNU GRUB manua\n-000004d0: 6c0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a l.**************\n-000004e0: 2a0a 0a54 6869 7320 6973 2074 6865 2064 *..This is the d\n-000004f0: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 ocumentation of \n-00000500: 474e 5520 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 4752 GNU GRUB, the GR\n-00000510: 616e 6420 556e 6966 6965 6420 426f 6f74 and Unified Boot\n-00000520: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 610a 666c 6578 6962 loader, a.flexib\n-00000530: 6c65 2061 6e64 2070 6f77 6572 6675 6c20 le and powerful \n-00000540: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7072 6f67 boot loader prog\n-00000550: 7261 6d20 666f 7220 6120 7769 6465 2072 ram for a wide r\n-00000560: 616e 6765 206f 660a 6172 6368 6974 6563 ange of.architec\n-00000570: 7475 7265 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 tures... 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Copyright \n+000005f0: c2a9 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 ...1999,2000,200\n+00000600: 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 1,2002,2004,2006\n+00000610: 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c ,2008,2009,2010,\n+00000620: 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 2011,2012,2013 F\n+00000630: 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 ree.Software Fou\n+00000640: 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 ndation, Inc... \n+00000650: 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 Permission i\n+00000660: 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 s granted to cop\n+00000670: 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e y, distribute an\n+00000680: 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 d/or modify this\n+00000690: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 . document u\n+000006a0: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n+000006b0: 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 f the GNU Free D\n+000006c0: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n+000006d0: 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 ense,. Versi\n+000006e0: 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 on 1.2 or any la\n+000006f0: 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c ter version publ\n+00000700: 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 ished by the Fre\n+00000710: 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 e Software. \n+00000720: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 Foundation; with\n+00000730: 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 no Invariant Se\n+00000740: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a ctions...* Menu:\n+00000750: 0a0a 2a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e ..* Introduction\n+00000760: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00000770: 2020 4361 7074 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 Capturing the \n+00000780: 7370 6972 6974 206f 6620 4752 5542 0a2a spirit of GRUB.*\n+00000790: 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 Naming conventi\n+000007a0: 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e on:: N\n+000007b0: 616d 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 2064 7269 ames of your dri\n+000007c0: 7665 7320 696e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 4f53 ves in GRUB.* OS\n+000007d0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 -specific notes \n+000007e0: 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 about grub tools\n+000007f0: 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ::. \n+00000800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000810: 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 Some notes ab\n+00000820: 6f75 7420 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 out OS-specific \n+00000830: 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2047 5255 behaviour of GRU\n+00000840: 420a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 B. \n+00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000860: 2020 746f 6f6c 730a 2a20 496e 7374 616c tools.* Instal\n+00000870: 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 lation:: \n+00000880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 Installi\n+00000890: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 ng GRUB on your \n+000008a0: 6472 6976 650a 2a20 426f 6f74 696e 673a drive.* Booting:\n+000008b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+000008c0: 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f How to boo\n+000008d0: 7420 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6f70 6572 t different oper\n+000008e0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 730a 2a20 ating systems.* \n+000008f0: 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 Configuration:: \n+00000900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5772 Wr\n+00000910: 6974 696e 6720 796f 7572 206f 776e 2063 iting your own c\n+00000920: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00000930: 650a 2a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 e.* Theme file f\n+00000940: 6f72 6d61 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ormat:: \n+00000950: 2020 466f 726d 6174 206f 6620 4752 5542 Format of GRUB\n+00000960: 2074 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 204e theme files.* N\n+00000970: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 etwork:: \n+00000980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 Dow\n+00000990: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 204f 5320 696d 6167 nloading OS imag\n+000009a0: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 es from a networ\n+000009b0: 6b0a 2a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 k.* Serial termi\n+000009c0: 6e61 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nal:: \n+000009d0: 2020 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2076 6961 Using GRUB via\n+000009e0: 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 0a2a a serial line.*\n+000009f0: 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e Vendor power-on\n+00000a00: 206b 6579 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2043 keys:: C\n+00000a10: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 4752 5542 2062 6568 hanging GRUB beh\n+00000a20: 6176 696f 7572 206f 6e20 7665 6e64 6f72 aviour on vendor\n+00000a30: 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 0a2a power-on keys.*\n+00000a40: 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 Images:: \n+00000a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 G\n+00000a60: 5255 4220 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 730a RUB image files.\n+00000a70: 2a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a * Core image siz\n+00000a80: 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 e limitation:: \n+00000a90: 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6573 GRUB image files\n+00000aa0: 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e size limitation\n+00000ab0: 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 3a3a s.* Filesystem::\n+00000ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000ad0: 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2073 796e Filesystem syn\n+00000ae0: 7461 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 tax and semantic\n+00000af0: 730a 2a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a20 s.* Interface:: \n+00000b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000b10: 2020 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2074 The menu and t\n+00000b20: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a he command-line.\n+00000b30: 2a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 743a 3a20 * Environment:: \n+00000b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000b50: 4752 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 GRUB environment\n+00000b60: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a2a 204d 6f64 variables.* Mod\n+00000b70: 756c 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ules:: \n+00000b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 7661 696c Avail\n+00000b90: 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a2a 2043 able modules.* C\n+00000ba0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ommands:: \n+00000bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 7661 Ava\n+00000bc0: 696c 6162 6c65 2062 7569 6c74 696e 2063 ilable builtin c\n+00000bd0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2a20 496e 7465 726e ommands.* Intern\n+00000be0: 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a ationalisation::\n+00000bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 546f 7069 6373 2072 Topics r\n+00000c00: 656c 6174 696e 6720 746f 206c 616e 6775 elating to langu\n+00000c10: 6167 6520 7375 7070 6f72 740a 2a20 5365 age support.* Se\n+00000c20: 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 curity:: \n+00000c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4175 7468 Auth\n+00000c40: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6175 7468 entication, auth\n+00000c50: 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2073 orisation, and s\n+00000c60: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2a20 506c 6174 ignatures.* Plat\n+00000c70: 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 form limitations\n+00000c80: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 506c 6174 666f :: Platfo\n+00000c90: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 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6520 7574 696c user-space util\n+00000d90: 6974 6965 730a 2a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e ities.* Obtainin\n+00000da0: 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 g and Building G\n+00000db0: 5255 423a 3a20 486f 7720 746f 206f 6274 RUB:: How to obt\n+00000dc0: 6169 6e20 616e 6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 ain and build GR\n+00000dd0: 5542 0a2a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 UB.* Reporting b\n+00000de0: 7567 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ugs:: \n+00000df0: 2020 2057 6865 7265 2079 6f75 2073 686f Where you sho\n+00000e00: 756c 6420 7365 6e64 2061 2062 7567 2072 uld send a bug r\n+00000e10: 6570 6f72 740a 2a20 4675 7475 7265 3a3a eport.* Future::\n 00000e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000e30: 2020 536f 6d65 2066 7574 7572 6520 706c Some future pl\n-00000e40: 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 436f ans on GRUB.* Co\n-00000e50: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n-00000e60: 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7079 l:: Copy\n-00000e70: 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a ing This Manual.\n-00000e80: 2a20 496e 6465 783a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c * Index::....Fil\n-00000e90: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00000ea0: 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f ode: Introductio\n-00000eb0: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 n, Next: Naming\n-00000ec0: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 convention, Pr\n-00000ed0: 6576 3a20 546f 702c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ev: Top, Up: To\n-00000ee0: 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f p..1 Introductio\n-00000ef0: 6e20 746f 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n to GRUB.******\n+00000e30: 2020 2020 2020 536f 6d65 2066 7574 7572 Some futur\n+00000e40: 6520 706c 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 5255 420a e plans on GRUB.\n+00000e50: 2a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d * Copying This M\n+00000e60: 616e 7561 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 anual:: \n+00000e70: 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e Copying This Man\n+00000e80: 7561 6c0a 2a20 496e 6465 783a 3a0a 0a1f ual.* Index::...\n+00000e90: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00000ea0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 , Node: Introdu\n+00000eb0: 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e61 ction, Next: Na\n+00000ec0: 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c ming convention,\n+00000ed0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 546f 702c 2020 5570 Prev: Top, Up\n+00000ee0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 : Top..1 Introdu\n+00000ef0: 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2047 5255 420a 2a2a ction to GRUB.**\n 00000f00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00000f10: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204f 7665 ..* Menu:..* Ove\n-00000f20: 7276 6965 773a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rview:: \n-00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6861 7420 What \n-00000f40: 6578 6163 746c 7920 4752 5542 2069 7320 exactly GRUB is \n-00000f50: 616e 6420 686f 7720 746f 2075 7365 2069 and how to use i\n-00000f60: 740a 2a20 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a20 2020 t.* History:: \n-00000f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000f80: 2020 4672 6f6d 206d 6167 676f 7420 746f From maggot to\n-00000f90: 2068 6f75 7365 2066 6c79 0a2a 2043 6861 house fly.* Cha\n-00000fa0: 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c nges from GRUB L\n-00000fb0: 6567 6163 793a 3a20 2020 2044 6966 6665 egacy:: Diffe\n-00000fc0: 7265 6e63 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7072 6576 rences from prev\n-00000fd0: 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 730a 2a20 ious versions.* \n-00000fe0: 4665 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 Features:: \n-00000ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 GR\n-00001000: 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 2a20 526f UB features.* Ro\n-00001010: 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 le of a boot loa\n-00001020: 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 der:: The \n-00001030: 726f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c role of a boot l\n-00001040: 6f61 6465 720a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 oader....File: g\n-00001050: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00001060: 204f 7665 7276 6965 772c 2020 4e65 7874 Overview, Next\n-00001070: 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 : History, Up: \n-00001080: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e Introduction..1.\n-00001090: 3120 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 1 Overview.=====\n-000010a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 7269 6566 6c79 =======..Briefly\n-000010b0: 2c20 6120 e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 , a ...boot load\n-000010c0: 6572 e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 2066 6972 er... is the fir\n-000010d0: 7374 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7072 6f67 st software prog\n-000010e0: 7261 6d20 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7768 ram that runs wh\n-000010f0: 656e 2061 0a63 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7374 en a.computer st\n-00001100: 6172 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 6573 arts. 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Using t\n-00001590: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 he command-line \n-000015a0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2079 6f75 2074 interface, you t\n-000015b0: 7970 6520 7468 6520 6472 6976 650a 7370 ype the drive.sp\n-000015c0: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 ecification and \n-000015d0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 file name of the\n-000015e0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 kernel manually\n-000015f0: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a69 . In the menu.i\n-00001600: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 796f 7520 6a75 nterface, you ju\n-00001610: 7374 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 204f 5320 st select an OS \n-00001620: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 using the arrow \n-00001630: 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 keys. 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(1) ...chai\n-00001860: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 n-load... is the\n-00001870: 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2066 6f72 206c mechanism for l\n-00001880: 6f61 6469 6e67 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 oading unsupport\n-00001890: 6564 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 ed operating.sys\n-000018a0: 7465 6d73 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 tems by loading \n-000018b0: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 another boot loa\n-000018c0: 6465 722e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7479 7069 der. 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Er\n-00001a20: 6963 6820 616e 6420 4272 6961 6e20 466f ich and Brian Fo\n-00001a30: 7264 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 7468 6520 rd designed the \n-00001a40: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot Specif\n-00001a50: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d ication (*note.M\n-00001a60: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 ultiboot Specifi\n-00001a70: 6361 7469 6f6e 3a20 286d 756c 7469 626f cation: (multibo\n-00001a80: 6f74 2954 6f70 2e29 2c20 6265 6361 7573 ot)Top.), becaus\n-00001a90: 6520 7468 6579 2077 6572 6520 6465 7465 e they were dete\n-00001aa0: 726d 696e 6564 0a6e 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 rmined.not to ad\n-00001ab0: 6420 746f 2074 6865 206c 6172 6765 206e d to the large n\n-00001ac0: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 206d 7574 7561 6c6c umber of mutuall\n-00001ad0: 792d 696e 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2050 y-incompatible P\n-00001ae0: 4320 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2e0a C boot methods..\n-00001af0: 0a20 2020 4572 6963 6820 7468 656e 2062 . 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By a\n-00002080: 726f 756e 6420 3230 3037 2c20 474e 552f round 2007, GNU/\n-00002090: 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 Linux distributi\n-000020a0: 6f6e 7320 7374 6172 7465 6420 746f 2075 ons started to u\n-000020b0: 7365 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a6c 696d se GRUB 2 to.lim\n-000020c0: 6974 6564 2065 7874 656e 7473 2c20 616e ited extents, an\n-000020d0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 d by the end of \n-000020e0: 3230 3039 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6d61 2009 multiple ma\n-000020f0: 6a6f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e jor distribution\n-00002100: 730a 7765 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e s.were installin\n-00002110: 6720 6974 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e g it by default.\n-00002120: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00002130: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4368 616e nfo, Node: Chan\n-00002140: 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 ges from GRUB Le\n-00002150: 6761 6379 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 6561 gacy, Next: Fea\n-00002160: 7475 7265 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4869 tures, Prev: Hi\n-00002170: 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 story, Up: Intr\n-00002180: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3320 4469 oduction..1.3 Di\n-00002190: 6666 6572 656e 6365 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 fferences from p\n-000021a0: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e73 revious versions\n-000021b0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00000f10: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ****..* Menu:..*\n+00000f20: 204f 7665 7276 6965 773a 3a20 2020 2020 Overview:: \n+00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 W\n+00000f40: 6861 7420 6578 6163 746c 7920 4752 5542 hat exactly GRUB\n+00000f50: 2069 7320 616e 6420 686f 7720 746f 2075 is and how to u\n+00000f60: 7365 2069 740a 2a20 4869 7374 6f72 793a se it.* History:\n+00000f70: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00000f80: 2020 2020 2020 4672 6f6d 206d 6167 676f From maggo\n+00000f90: 7420 746f 2068 6f75 7365 2066 6c79 0a2a t to house fly.*\n+00000fa0: 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 Changes from GR\n+00000fb0: 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a 3a20 2020 2044 UB Legacy:: D\n+00000fc0: 6966 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2066 726f 6d20 ifferences from \n+00000fd0: 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e previous version\n+00000fe0: 730a 2a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 s.* Features:: \n+00000ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00001000: 2020 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a GRUB features.\n+00001010: 2a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 * Role of a boot\n+00001020: 206c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 loader:: \n+00001030: 5468 6520 726f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f The role of a bo\n+00001040: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 0a1f 0a46 696c ot loader....Fil\n+00001050: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00001060: 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772c 2020 ode: Overview, \n+00001070: 4e65 7874 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 Next: History, \n+00001080: 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e Up: Introduction\n+00001090: 0a0a 312e 3120 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a3d ..1.1 Overview.=\n+000010a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 7269 ===========..Bri\n+000010b0: 6566 6c79 2c20 6120 e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 efly, a ...boot \n+000010c0: 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 loader... is the\n+000010d0: 2066 6972 7374 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 first software \n+000010e0: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 7468 6174 2072 756e program that run\n+000010f0: 7320 7768 656e 2061 0a63 6f6d 7075 7465 s when a.compute\n+00001100: 7220 7374 6172 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6973 r starts. 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GNU GRUB \n+000011f0: 6973 2061 2076 6572 7920 706f 7765 7266 is a very powerf\n+00001200: 756c 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 ul boot loader, \n+00001210: 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 2061 which can load a\n+00001220: 2077 6964 650a 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 wide.variety of\n+00001230: 2066 7265 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 free operating \n+00001240: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 7320 7765 6c6c systems, as well\n+00001250: 2061 7320 7072 6f70 7269 6574 6172 7920 as proprietary \n+00001260: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 670a 7379 7374 656d operating.system\n+00001270: 7320 7769 7468 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 s with chain-loa\n+00001280: 6469 6e67 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 204f ding(1) (*note O\n+00001290: 7665 7276 6965 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 verview-Footnote\n+000012a0: 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 4752 5542 2069 730a -1::). 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When boo\n+00001500: 7469 6e67 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 ting with GRUB, \n+00001510: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 6569 7468 you can use eith\n+00001520: 6572 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e er a command-lin\n+00001530: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 282a 6e6f e interface.(*no\n+00001540: 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 te Command-line \n+00001550: 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 2c20 6f72 interface::), or\n+00001560: 2061 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 a menu interfac\n+00001570: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 656e 750a 696e e (*note Menu.in\n+00001580: 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 2e20 2055 7369 terface::). 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I\n+00001720: 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 n the following \n+00001730: 6368 6170 7465 7273 2c20 796f 7520 7769 chapters, you wi\n+00001740: 6c6c 206c 6561 726e 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 ll learn how to \n+00001750: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 6472 6976 652c specify a drive,\n+00001760: 2061 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e a.partition, an\n+00001770: 6420 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a d a file name (*\n+00001780: 6e6f 7465 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 note Naming conv\n+00001790: 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 746f 2047 5255 ention::) to GRU\n+000017a0: 422c 2068 6f77 2074 6f0a 696e 7374 616c B, how to.instal\n+000017b0: 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2064 l GRUB on your d\n+000017c0: 7269 7665 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 7374 rive (*note Inst\n+000017d0: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 allation::), and\n+000017e0: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 how to boot you\n+000017f0: 720a 4f53 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426f r.OSes (*note Bo\n+00001800: 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 7374 6570 2062 oting::), step b\n+00001810: 7920 7374 6570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a y step.....File:\n+00001820: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00001830: 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d 466f 6f74 e: Overview-Foot\n+00001840: 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4f76 6572 notes, Up: Over\n+00001850: 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 20e2 809c view.. (1) ...\n+00001860: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 e280 9d20 6973 chain-load... is\n+00001870: 2074 6865 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2066 the mechanism f\n+00001880: 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2075 6e73 7570 or loading unsup\n+00001890: 706f 7274 6564 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 ported operating\n+000018a0: 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 .systems by load\n+000018b0: 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 ing another boot\n+000018c0: 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4974 2069 7320 loader. 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Erich add\n+00001c00: 6564 206d 616e 7920 6665 6174 7572 6573 ed many features\n+00001c10: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 6f74 to GRUB, but ot\n+00001c20: 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 7469 6573 2070 her priorities p\n+00001c30: 7265 7665 6e74 6564 2068 696d 0a66 726f revented him.fro\n+00001c40: 6d20 6b65 6570 696e 6720 7570 2077 6974 m keeping up wit\n+00001c50: 6820 7468 6520 6465 6d61 6e64 7320 6f66 h the demands of\n+00001c60: 2069 7473 2071 7569 636b 6c79 2d65 7870 its quickly-exp\n+00001c70: 616e 6469 6e67 2075 7365 7220 6261 7365 anding user base\n+00001c80: 2e20 2049 6e0a 3139 3939 2c20 476f 7264 . In.1999, Gord\n+00001c90: 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 7420 616e on Matzigkeit an\n+00001ca0: 6420 596f 7368 696e 6f72 6920 4b2e 204f d Yoshinori K. 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Arou\n+00001e90: 6e64 2032 3030 322c 2059 6f73 6869 6e6f nd 2002, Yoshino\n+00001ea0: 7269 204b 2e20 4f6b 756a 6920 7374 6172 ri K. Okuji star\n+00001eb0: 7465 6420 776f 726b 206f 6e20 5055 5041 ted work on PUPA\n+00001ec0: 0a28 5072 656c 696d 696e 6172 7920 556e .(Preliminary Un\n+00001ed0: 6976 6572 7361 6c20 5072 6f67 7261 6d6d iversal Programm\n+00001ee0: 696e 6720 4172 6368 6974 6563 7475 7265 ing Architecture\n+00001ef0: 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4229 2c20 for GNU GRUB), \n+00001f00: 6169 6d69 6e67 2074 6f0a 7265 7772 6974 aiming to.rewrit\n+00001f10: 6520 7468 6520 636f 7265 206f 6620 4752 e the core of GR\n+00001f20: 5542 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 636c UB to make it cl\n+00001f30: 6561 6e65 722c 2073 6166 6572 2c20 6d6f eaner, safer, mo\n+00001f40: 7265 2072 6f62 7573 742c 2061 6e64 0a6d re robust, and.m\n+00001f50: 6f72 6520 706f 7765 7266 756c 2e20 2050 ore powerful. P\n+00001f60: 5550 4120 7761 7320 6576 656e 7475 616c UPA was eventual\n+00001f70: 6c79 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 4752 ly renamed to GR\n+00001f80: 5542 2032 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6f72 UB 2, and the or\n+00001f90: 6967 696e 616c 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 206f iginal.version o\n+00001fa0: 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 2072 656e 616d f GRUB was renam\n+00001fb0: 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 ed to GRUB Legac\n+00001fc0: 792e 2020 536d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 y. Small amount\n+00001fd0: 7320 6f66 0a6d 6169 6e74 656e 616e 6365 s of.maintenance\n+00001fe0: 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6564 2074 6f20 6265 continued to be\n+00001ff0: 2064 6f6e 6520 6f6e 2047 5255 4220 4c65 done on GRUB Le\n+00002000: 6761 6379 2c20 6275 7420 7468 6520 6c61 gacy, but the la\n+00002010: 7374 2072 656c 6561 7365 0a28 302e 3937 st release.(0.97\n+00002020: 2920 7761 7320 6d61 6465 2069 6e20 3230 ) was made in 20\n+00002030: 3035 2061 6e64 2061 7420 7468 6520 7469 05 and at the ti\n+00002040: 6d65 206f 6620 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 me of writing it\n+00002050: 2073 6565 6d73 2075 6e6c 696b 656c 790a seems unlikely.\n+00002060: 7468 6174 2074 6865 7265 2077 696c 6c20 that there will \n+00002070: 6265 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 be another... \n+00002080: 4279 2061 726f 756e 6420 3230 3037 2c20 By around 2007, \n+00002090: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 GNU/Linux distri\n+000020a0: 6275 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6172 7465 6420 butions started \n+000020b0: 746f 2075 7365 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f to use GRUB 2 to\n+000020c0: 0a6c 696d 6974 6564 2065 7874 656e 7473 .limited extents\n+000020d0: 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2074 6865 2065 6e64 , and by the end\n+000020e0: 206f 6620 3230 3039 206d 756c 7469 706c of 2009 multipl\n+000020f0: 6520 6d61 6a6f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 e major distribu\n+00002100: 7469 6f6e 730a 7765 7265 2069 6e73 7461 tions.were insta\n+00002110: 6c6c 696e 6720 6974 2062 7920 6465 6661 lling it by defa\n+00002120: 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ult.....File: gr\n+00002130: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00002140: 4368 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 Changes from GRU\n+00002150: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 204e 6578 743a B Legacy, Next:\n+00002160: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732c 2020 5072 6576 Features, Prev\n+00002170: 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 : History, Up: \n+00002180: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e Introduction..1.\n+00002190: 3320 4469 6666 6572 656e 6365 7320 6672 3 Differences fr\n+000021a0: 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 om previous vers\n+000021b0: 696f 6e73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ions.===========\n 000021c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 =======..GRUB 2 \n-000021e0: 6973 2061 2072 6577 7269 7465 206f 6620 is a rewrite of \n-000021f0: 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4869 7374 GRUB (*note Hist\n-00002200: 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 ory::), although\n-00002210: 2069 7420 7368 6172 6573 206d 616e 790a it shares many.\n-00002220: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7269 7374 6963 7320 characteristics \n-00002230: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 with the previou\n-00002240: 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 206e 6f77 206b s version, now k\n-00002250: 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4752 5542 204c 6567 nown as GRUB Leg\n-00002260: 6163 792e 0a55 7365 7273 206f 6620 4752 acy..Users of GR\n-00002270: 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 6d61 7920 6e65 UB Legacy may ne\n-00002280: 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 6775 6964 616e 6365 ed some guidance\n-00002290: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6972 2077 to find their w\n-000022a0: 6179 2061 726f 756e 640a 7468 6973 206e ay around.this n\n-000022b0: 6577 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 ew version... \n-000022c0: e280 a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ... 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(*n\n-00002460: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 ote Simple confi\n-00002470: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 guration::). Th\n-00002480: 6973 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7369 is makes it easi\n-00002490: 6572 2074 6f20 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 2020 er to handle. \n-000024a0: 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 726e versioned kern\n-000024b0: 656c 2075 7067 7261 6465 732e 0a0a 2020 el upgrades... \n-000024c0: 20e2 80a2 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e ... Partition n\n-000024d0: 756d 6265 7273 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2064 umbers in GRUB d\n-000024e0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 evice names now \n-000024f0: 7374 6172 7420 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 start at 1, not \n-00002500: 3020 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 0 (*note. Na\n-00002510: 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a ming convention:\n-00002520: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 :)... ... The \n-00002530: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00002540: 6c65 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 7772 6974 7465 le is now writte\n-00002550: 6e20 696e 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 2063 n in something c\n-00002560: 6c6f 7365 7220 746f 2061 2066 756c 6c0a loser to a full.\n-00002570: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 206c scripting l\n-00002580: 616e 6775 6167 653a 2076 6172 6961 626c anguage: variabl\n-00002590: 6573 2c20 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e61 6c73 es, conditionals\n-000025a0: 2c20 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 650a , and loops are.\n-000025b0: 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a available..\n-000025c0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4120 736d 616c 6c20 . ... A small \n-000025d0: 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7065 7273 6973 amount of persis\n-000025e0: 7465 6e74 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 tent storage is \n-000025f0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6163 726f 7373 available across\n-00002600: 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 reboots,. u\n-00002610: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 sing the ...save\n-00002620: 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986c _env... and ...l\n-00002630: 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 oad_env... comma\n-00002640: 6e64 7320 696e 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 nds in GRUB and \n-00002650: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 the. ...grub\n-00002660: 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 e280 9920 7574 696c -editenv... util\n-00002670: 6974 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f ity. This is no\n-00002680: 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2061 t available in a\n-00002690: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ll. configur\n-000026a0: 6174 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e ations (*note En\n-000026b0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a vironment block:\n-000026c0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 :)... ... 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GRUB 2 is ava\n-000027d0: 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 ilable for sever\n-000027e0: 616c 206f 7468 6572 2074 7970 6573 206f al other types o\n-000027f0: 6620 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e20 6164 6469 f system in addi\n-00002800: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 tion. to the\n-00002810: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 PC BIOS systems\n-00002820: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 supported by GR\n-00002830: 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a 2050 4320 4546 UB Legacy: PC EF\n-00002840: 492c 2050 430a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6562 I, PC. coreb\n-00002850: 6f6f 742c 2050 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 5350 oot, PowerPC, SP\n-00002860: 4152 432c 2061 6e64 204d 4950 5320 4c65 ARC, and MIPS Le\n-00002870: 6d6f 7465 2059 6565 6c6f 6f6e 6720 6172 mote Yeeloong ar\n-00002880: 6520 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f e all. suppo\n-00002890: 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4d61 rted... ... 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The imag\n-000029e0: 6520 6669 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 e files (*note I\n-000029f0: 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 6d61 mages::) that ma\n-00002a00: 6b65 2075 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 6520 ke up GRUB have \n-00002a10: 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 6761 been. reorga\n-00002a20: 6e69 7365 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 2c20 nised; Stage 1, \n-00002a30: 5374 6167 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 2053 Stage 1.5, and S\n-00002a40: 7461 6765 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 6d6f tage 2 are no mo\n-00002a50: 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 re... ... GRUB\n-00002a60: 2032 2070 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 2 puts many fac\n-00002a70: 696c 6974 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d ilities in dynam\n-00002a80: 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f ically loaded mo\n-00002a90: 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a dules, allowing.\n-00002aa0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d the core im\n-00002ab0: 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c 6c65 age to be smalle\n-00002ac0: 722c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 r, and allowing \n-00002ad0: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2074 the core image t\n-00002ae0: 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c 7420 o be. built \n-00002af0: 696e 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 in more flexible\n-00002b00: 2077 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ways.....File: \n-00002b10: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00002b20: 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 : Features, Nex\n-00002b30: 743a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f t: Role of a boo\n-00002b40: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a t loader, Prev:\n-00002b50: 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 Changes from GR\n-00002b60: 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 3a20 UB Legacy, Up: \n-00002b70: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e Introduction..1.\n-00002b80: 3420 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 4 GRUB features.\n-00002b90: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002ba0: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2072 =..The primary r\n-00002bb0: 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 equirement for G\n-00002bc0: 5255 4220 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 2062 RUB is that it b\n-00002bd0: 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 7468 e compliant with\n-00002be0: 2074 6865 0ae2 809c 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f the....Multiboo\n-00002bf0: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6ee2 t Specification.\n-00002c00: 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2064 6573 .., which is des\n-00002c10: 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 cribed in *note \n-00002c20: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot.Specif\n-00002c30: 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 ication: (multib\n-00002c40: 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 oot)Top... 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Backwar\n-00002d20: 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 d compatibility \n-00002d30: 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4672 6565 for booting Free\n-00002d40: 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 442c 204f 7065 BSD, NetBSD, Ope\n-00002d50: 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 204c nBSD, and. L\n-00002d60: 696e 7578 2e20 2050 726f 7072 6965 7461 inux. Proprieta\n-00002d70: 7279 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2028 7375 6368 ry kernels (such\n-00002d80: 2061 7320 444f 532c 2057 696e 646f 7773 as DOS, Windows\n-00002d90: 204e 542c 2061 6e64 204f 532f 3229 2061 NT, and OS/2) a\n-00002da0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 re. supporte\n-00002db0: 6420 7669 6120 6120 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f d via a chain-lo\n-00002dc0: 6164 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a ading function..\n-00002dd0: 0a20 2020 4578 6365 7074 2066 6f72 2073 . Except for s\n-00002de0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d70 6174 6962 pecific compatib\n-00002df0: 696c 6974 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 2863 6861 ility modes (cha\n-00002e00: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e64 2074 in-loading and t\n-00002e10: 6865 204c 696e 7578 0ae2 809c 7069 6767 he Linux....pigg\n-00002e20: 7962 6163 6be2 809d 2066 6f72 6d61 7429 yback... format)\n-00002e30: 2c20 616c 6c20 6b65 726e 656c 7320 7769 , all kernels wi\n-00002e40: 6c6c 2062 6520 7374 6172 7465 6420 696e ll be started in\n-00002e50: 206d 7563 6820 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2073 much the same s\n-00002e60: 7461 7465 0a61 7320 696e 2074 6865 204d tate.as in the M\n-00002e70: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 ultiboot Specifi\n-00002e80: 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6b65 cation. 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In\n-000040d0: 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 6973 traditional dis\n-000040e0: 6b20 6361 6c6c 7320 2863 616c 6c65 6420 k calls (called \n-000040f0: e280 9c43 4853 206d 6f64 65e2 809d 292c ...CHS mode...),\n-00004100: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6765 6f6d there is a geom\n-00004110: 6574 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c etry. transl\n-00004120: 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2074 ation problem, t\n-00004130: 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 4249 4f53 hat is, the BIOS\n-00004140: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6163 6365 7373 206f cannot access o\n-00004150: 7665 7220 3130 3234 0a20 2020 2020 6379 ver 1024. cy\n-00004160: 6c69 6e64 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 linders, so the \n-00004170: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 7061 6365 accessible space\n-00004180: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2061 is limited to a\n-00004190: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3530 3820 4d42 0a20 t least 508 MB. \n-000041a0: 2020 2020 616e 6420 746f 2061 7420 6d6f and to at mo\n-000041b0: 7374 2038 4742 2e20 4752 5542 2063 616e st 8GB. GRUB can\n-000041c0: 2774 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2073 't universally s\n-000041d0: 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 olve this proble\n-000041e0: 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7265 m, as. there\n-000041f0: 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 is no standard \n-00004200: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7573 6564 2069 interface used i\n-00004210: 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e20 n all machines. \n-00004220: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 However,. s\n-00004230: 6576 6572 616c 206e 6577 6572 206d 6163 everal newer mac\n-00004240: 6869 6e65 7320 6861 7665 2074 6865 206e hines have the n\n-00004250: 6577 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f ew interface, Lo\n-00004260: 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 gical Block. \n-00004270: 2041 6464 7265 7373 2028 e280 9c4c 4241 Address (...LBA\n-00004280: e280 9d29 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4752 5542 ...) mode. GRUB\n-00004290: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 automatically d\n-000042a0: 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 4c42 4120 6d6f etects if LBA mo\n-000042b0: 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c de is. avail\n-000042c0: 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 6974 able and uses it\n-000042d0: 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 if available. \n-000042e0: 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 652c 2047 5255 In LBA mode, GRU\n-000042f0: 4220 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 B can access. \n-00004300: 2020 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 the entire dis\n-00004310: 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e65 7477 k...Support netw\n-00004320: 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a 2020 2020 ork booting. \n-00004330: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2062 6173 6963 616c GRUB is basical\n-00004340: 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 7365 6420 ly a disk-based \n-00004350: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6275 7420 boot loader but \n-00004360: 616c 736f 2068 6173 206e 6574 776f 726b also has network\n-00004370: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 742e 2020 . support. \n-00004380: 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204f 5320 You can load OS \n-00004390: 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 images from a ne\n-000043a0: 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 twork by using t\n-000043b0: 6865 20e2 809c 5446 5450 e280 9d0a 2020 he ...TFTP.... \n-000043c0: 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 protocol...Su\n-000043d0: 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 pport remote ter\n-000043e0: 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f 2073 minals. To s\n-000043f0: 7570 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 upport computers\n-00004400: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 with no console\n-00004410: 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 , GRUB provides \n-00004420: 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a remote terminal.\n-00004430: 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 736f support, so\n-00004440: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f that you can co\n-00004450: 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 ntrol GRUB from \n-00004460: 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e 2020 a remote host. \n-00004470: 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c Only. serial\n-00004480: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 terminal suppor\n-00004490: 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 t is implemented\n-000044a0: 2061 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a at the moment..\n-000044b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000044c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 7475 fo, Node: Featu\n-000044d0: 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 res-Footnotes, \n-000044e0: 5570 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 Up: Features.. \n-000044f0: 2028 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 442f (1) The NetBSD/\n-00004500: 6933 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 204d i386 kernel is M\n-00004510: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 ultiboot-complia\n-00004520: 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 7375 nt, but lacks su\n-00004530: 7070 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 pport.for Multib\n-00004540: 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 oot modules... \n-00004550: 2028 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 3220 (2) Only CRC32 \n-00004560: 6461 7461 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2063 data integrity c\n-00004570: 6865 636b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 heck is supporte\n-00004580: 6420 2878 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 d (xz default is\n-00004590: 2043 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 CRC64.so one sh\n-000045a0: 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 6b3d ould use -check=\n-000045b0: 6372 6333 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 crc32 option). \n-000045c0: 4c5a 4d41 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 7273 LZMA BCJ filters\n-000045d0: 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a are supported..\n-000045e0: 0a20 2020 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 6172 . (3) There ar\n-000045f0: 6520 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 e a few patholog\n-00004600: 6963 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 ical cases where\n-00004610: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 7920 loading a very \n-00004620: 6261 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 badly.organized \n-00004630: 454c 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 6874 ELF kernel might\n-00004640: 2074 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 take longer, bu\n-00004650: 7420 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 7468 t in practice th\n-00004660: 6973 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e is never.happen.\n-00004670: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00004680: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 nfo, Node: Role\n-00004690: 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 of a boot loade\n-000046a0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 7572 r, Prev: Featur\n-000046b0: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 es, Up: Introdu\n-000046c0: 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 2072 ction..1.5 The r\n-000046d0: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n-000046e0: 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ader.===========\n+000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 ===========..GRU\n+000021e0: 4220 3220 6973 2061 2072 6577 7269 7465 B 2 is a rewrite\n+000021f0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 of GRUB (*note \n+00002200: 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 616c 7468 History::), alth\n+00002210: 6f75 6768 2069 7420 7368 6172 6573 206d ough it shares m\n+00002220: 616e 790a 6368 6172 6163 7465 7269 7374 any.characterist\n+00002230: 6963 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2070 7265 ics with the pre\n+00002240: 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 206e vious version, n\n+00002250: 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4752 5542 ow known as GRUB\n+00002260: 204c 6567 6163 792e 0a55 7365 7273 206f Legacy..Users o\n+00002270: 6620 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 6d61 f GRUB Legacy ma\n+00002280: 7920 6e65 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 6775 6964 y need some guid\n+00002290: 616e 6365 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 ance to find the\n+000022a0: 6972 2077 6179 2061 726f 756e 640a 7468 ir way around.th\n+000022b0: 6973 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a is new version..\n+000022c0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 . ... The conf\n+000022d0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2068 iguration file h\n+000022e0: 6173 2061 206e 6577 206e 616d 6520 28e2 as a new name (.\n+000022f0: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 7261 ..grub.cfg... ra\n+00002300: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 ther than. .\n+00002310: 8098 6d65 6e75 2e6c 7374 e280 9920 6f72 ..menu.lst... or\n+00002320: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6f6e 66e2 8099 ...grub.conf...\n+00002330: 292c 206e 6577 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a ), new syntax (*\n+00002340: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 note Configurati\n+00002350: 6f6e 3a3a 2920 616e 640a 2020 2020 206d on::) and. m\n+00002360: 616e 7920 6e65 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 any new commands\n+00002370: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 (*note Commands\n+00002380: 3a3a 292e 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ::). 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Partiti\n+000024d0: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2069 6e20 4752 on numbers in GR\n+000024e0: 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 UB device names \n+000024f0: 6e6f 7720 7374 6172 7420 6174 2031 2c20 now start at 1, \n+00002500: 6e6f 7420 3020 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 not 0 (*note. \n+00002510: 2020 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 Naming convent\n+00002520: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ion::)... ... \n+00002530: 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f The configuratio\n+00002540: 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 7772 n file is now wr\n+00002550: 6974 7465 6e20 696e 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 itten in somethi\n+00002560: 6e67 2063 6c6f 7365 7220 746f 2061 2066 ng closer to a f\n+00002570: 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6970 7469 ull. scripti\n+00002580: 6e67 206c 616e 6775 6167 653a 2076 6172 ng language: var\n+00002590: 6961 626c 6573 2c20 636f 6e64 6974 696f iables, conditio\n+000025a0: 6e61 6c73 2c20 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 7320 nals, and loops \n+000025b0: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 are. availab\n+000025c0: 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4120 736d le... ... A sm\n+000025d0: 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7065 all amount of pe\n+000025e0: 7273 6973 7465 6e74 2073 746f 7261 6765 rsistent storage\n+000025f0: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6163 is available ac\n+00002600: 726f 7373 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 2c0a 2020 ross reboots,. \n+00002610: 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 using the ...\n+00002620: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 616e 6420 save_env... and \n+00002630: e280 986c 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 ...load_env... c\n+00002640: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2047 5255 4220 ommands in GRUB \n+00002650: 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 and the. ...\n+00002660: 6772 7562 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 e280 9920 grub-editenv... \n+00002670: 7574 696c 6974 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 utility. This i\n+00002680: 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 s not available \n+00002690: 696e 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 in all. conf\n+000026a0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 igurations (*not\n+000026b0: 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c e Environment bl\n+000026c0: 6f63 6b3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ock::)... ... \n+000026d0: 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 206d 6f72 6520 GRUB 2 has more \n+000026e0: 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2077 6179 7320 746f reliable ways to\n+000026f0: 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 6f77 6e20 6669 find its own fi\n+00002700: 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 les and those of\n+00002710: 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 206b 6572 . target ker\n+00002720: 6e65 6c73 206f 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 nels on multiple\n+00002730: 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 -disk systems, a\n+00002740: 6e64 2068 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 nd has commands \n+00002750: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6172 (*note. sear\n+00002760: 6368 3a3a 2920 746f 2066 696e 6420 6465 ch::) to find de\n+00002770: 7669 6365 7320 7573 696e 6720 6669 6c65 vices using file\n+00002780: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c73 206f system labels o\n+00002790: 7220 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 790a 2020 r Universally. \n+000027a0: 2020 2055 6e69 7175 6520 4964 656e 7469 Unique Identi\n+000027b0: 6669 6572 7320 2855 5549 4473 292e 0a0a fiers (UUIDs)...\n+000027c0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 ... GRUB 2 is\n+000027d0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 available for s\n+000027e0: 6576 6572 616c 206f 7468 6572 2074 7970 everal other typ\n+000027f0: 6573 206f 6620 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e20 es of system in \n+00002800: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 746f addition. to\n+00002810: 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 the PC BIOS sys\n+00002820: 7465 6d73 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 tems supported b\n+00002830: 7920 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a 2050 y GRUB Legacy: P\n+00002840: 4320 4546 492c 2050 430a 2020 2020 2063 C EFI, PC. c\n+00002850: 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2050 6f77 6572 5043 oreboot, PowerPC\n+00002860: 2c20 5350 4152 432c 2061 6e64 204d 4950 , SPARC, and MIP\n+00002870: 5320 4c65 6d6f 7465 2059 6565 6c6f 6f6e S Lemote Yeeloon\n+00002880: 6720 6172 6520 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 g are all. s\n+00002890: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 upported... ..\n+000028a0: a220 4d61 6e79 206d 6f72 6520 6669 6c65 . 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A grap\n+00002950: 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2061 hical terminal a\n+00002960: 6e64 2061 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d nd a graphical m\n+00002970: 656e 7520 7379 7374 656d 2061 7265 2061 enu system are a\n+00002980: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 vailable... ..\n+00002990: a220 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 6e74 6572 . GRUB 2's inter\n+000029a0: 6661 6365 2063 616e 2062 6520 7472 616e face can be tran\n+000029b0: 736c 6174 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e slated, includin\n+000029c0: 6720 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206e 616d g menu entry nam\n+000029d0: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 es... ... The \n+000029e0: 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f image files (*no\n+000029f0: 7465 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 2074 6861 te Images::) tha\n+00002a00: 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 4752 5542 2068 t make up GRUB h\n+00002a10: 6176 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 ave been. re\n+00002a20: 6f72 6761 6e69 7365 643b 2053 7461 6765 organised; Stage\n+00002a30: 2031 2c20 5374 6167 6520 312e 352c 2061 1, Stage 1.5, a\n+00002a40: 6e64 2053 7461 6765 2032 2061 7265 206e nd Stage 2 are n\n+00002a50: 6f20 6d6f 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 o more... ... \n+00002a60: 4752 5542 2032 2070 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 GRUB 2 puts many\n+00002a70: 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 696e 2064 facilities in d\n+00002a80: 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 ynamically loade\n+00002a90: 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 d modules, allow\n+00002aa0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f72 ing. the cor\n+00002ab0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 736d e image to be sm\n+00002ac0: 616c 6c65 722c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 aller, and allow\n+00002ad0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 ing the core ima\n+00002ae0: 6765 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6275 ge to be. bu\n+00002af0: 696c 7420 696e 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 ilt in more flex\n+00002b00: 6962 6c65 2077 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ible ways.....Fi\n+00002b10: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00002b20: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 Node: Features, \n+00002b30: 204e 6578 743a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 Next: Role of a\n+00002b40: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2050 boot loader, P\n+00002b50: 7265 763a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f rev: Changes fro\n+00002b60: 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2020 m GRUB Legacy, \n+00002b70: 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e Up: Introduction\n+00002b80: 0a0a 312e 3420 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 ..1.4 GRUB featu\n+00002b90: 7265 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d res.============\n+00002ba0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 7269 6d61 =====..The prima\n+00002bb0: 7279 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 ry requirement f\n+00002bc0: 6f72 2047 5255 4220 6973 2074 6861 7420 or GRUB is that \n+00002bd0: 6974 2062 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 it be compliant \n+00002be0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 0ae2 809c 4d75 6c74 with the....Mult\n+00002bf0: 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot Specificat\n+00002c00: 696f 6ee2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 ion..., which is\n+00002c10: 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e described in *n\n+00002c20: 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 5370 ote Multiboot.Sp\n+00002c30: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 ecification: (mu\n+00002c40: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 0a0a 2020 ltiboot)Top... \n+00002c50: 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 2067 6f61 6c73 The other goals\n+00002c60: 2c20 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 6170 7072 , listed in appr\n+00002c70: 6f78 696d 6174 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 oximate order of\n+00002c80: 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e63 652c 2061 7265 importance, are\n+00002c90: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4261 7369 6320 :.. ... 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Propr\n+00002d70: 6965 7461 7279 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2028 ietary kernels (\n+00002d80: 7375 6368 2061 7320 444f 532c 2057 696e such as DOS, Win\n+00002d90: 646f 7773 204e 542c 2061 6e64 204f 532f dows NT, and OS/\n+00002da0: 3229 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 2) are. supp\n+00002db0: 6f72 7465 6420 7669 6120 6120 6368 6169 orted via a chai\n+00002dc0: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 n-loading functi\n+00002dd0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 6365 7074 2066 on... Except f\n+00002de0: 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d70 or specific comp\n+00002df0: 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 atibility modes \n+00002e00: 2863 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 (chain-loading a\n+00002e10: 6e64 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0ae2 809c nd the Linux....\n+00002e20: 7069 6767 7962 6163 6be2 809d 2066 6f72 piggyback... for\n+00002e30: 6d61 7429 2c20 616c 6c20 6b65 726e 656c mat), all kernel\n+00002e40: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7374 6172 7465 s will be starte\n+00002e50: 6420 696e 206d 7563 6820 7468 6520 7361 d in much the sa\n+00002e60: 6d65 2073 7461 7465 0a61 7320 696e 2074 me state.as in t\n+00002e70: 6865 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 he Multiboot Spe\n+00002e80: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e6c cification. Onl\n+00002e90: 7920 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 y kernels loaded\n+00002ea0: 2061 7420 3120 6d65 6761 6279 7465 206f at 1 megabyte o\n+00002eb0: 720a 6162 6f76 6520 6172 6520 7072 6573 r.above are pres\n+00002ec0: 656e 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e ently supported.\n+00002ed0: 2020 416e 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f Any attempt to\n+00002ee0: 206c 6f61 6420 6265 6c6f 7720 7468 6174 load below that\n+00002ef0: 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 790a 7769 6c6c 2073 boundary.will s\n+00002f00: 696d 706c 7920 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 imply result in \n+00002f10: 696d 6d65 6469 6174 6520 6661 696c 7572 immediate failur\n+00002f20: 6520 616e 6420 616e 2065 7272 6f72 206d e and an error m\n+00002f30: 6573 7361 6765 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 essage reporting\n+00002f40: 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 0a20 .the problem... \n+00002f50: 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f In addition to\n+00002f60: 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 the requirement\n+00002f70: 7320 6162 6f76 652c 2047 5255 4220 6861 s above, GRUB ha\n+00002f80: 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a s the following.\n+00002f90: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2028 6e6f 7465 2074 features (note t\n+00002fa0: 6861 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f hat the Multiboo\n+00002fb0: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 t Specification \n+00002fc0: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7265 7175 6972 6520 doesn't require \n+00002fd0: 616c 6c20 7468 650a 6665 6174 7572 6573 all the.features\n+00002fe0: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f that GRUB suppo\n+00002ff0: 7274 7329 3a0a 0a52 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 rts):..Recognize\n+00003000: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6578 6563 7574 multiple execut\n+00003010: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 0a20 2020 able formats. \n+00003020: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 6e79 206f Support many o\n+00003030: 6620 7468 6520 e280 9c61 2e6f 7574 e280 f the ...a.out..\n+00003040: 9d20 7661 7269 616e 7473 2070 6c75 7320 . variants plus \n+00003050: e280 9c45 4c46 e280 9d2e 2053 796d 626f ...ELF.... Symbo\n+00003060: 6c20 7461 626c 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 l tables are. \n+00003070: 2020 616c 736f 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a also loaded...\n+00003080: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4d75 6c74 Support non-Mult\n+00003090: 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 730a 2020 iboot kernels. \n+000030a0: 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 206d 616e 7920 Support many \n+000030b0: 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6172 696f 7573 2066 of the various f\n+000030c0: 7265 6520 3332 2d62 6974 206b 6572 6e65 ree 32-bit kerne\n+000030d0: 6c73 2074 6861 7420 6c61 636b 204d 756c ls that lack Mul\n+000030e0: 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 tiboot. comp\n+000030f0: 6c69 616e 6365 2028 7072 696d 6172 696c liance (primaril\n+00003100: 7920 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 y FreeBSD, NetBS\n+00003110: 4428 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 D(1) (*note. \n+00003120: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f Features-Footno\n+00003130: 7465 2d31 3a3a 292c 204f 7065 6e42 5344 te-1::), OpenBSD\n+00003140: 2c20 616e 6420 4c69 6e75 7829 2e20 2043 , and Linux). C\n+00003150: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 660a hain-loading of.\n+00003160: 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 other boot \n+00003170: 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 loaders is also \n+00003180: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a 4c6f 6164 supported...Load\n+00003190: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6573 206d 6f64 756c multiples modul\n+000031a0: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 4675 6c6c 7920 7375 es. Fully su\n+000031b0: 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 pport the Multib\n+000031c0: 6f6f 7420 6665 6174 7572 6520 6f66 206c oot feature of l\n+000031d0: 6f61 6469 6e67 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 oading multiple \n+000031e0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 4c6f 6164 2061 modules...Load a\n+000031f0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00003200: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 ile. Support\n+00003210: 2061 2068 756d 616e 2d72 6561 6461 626c a human-readabl\n+00003220: 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 e text configura\n+00003230: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 2070 tion file with p\n+00003240: 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 reset boot. \n+00003250: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 commands. You c\n+00003260: 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f an also load ano\n+00003270: 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ther configurati\n+00003280: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 on file dynamica\n+00003290: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 lly. and emb\n+000032a0: 6564 2061 2070 7265 7365 7420 636f 6e66 ed a preset conf\n+000032b0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n+000032c0: 6e20 6120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 n a GRUB image f\n+000032d0: 696c 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 206c ile. The. l\n+000032e0: 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ist of commands \n+000032f0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a (*note Commands:\n+00003300: 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7570 6572 7365 :) are a superse\n+00003310: 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 t of those. \n+00003320: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 supported on the\n+00003330: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 2020 command-line. \n+00003340: 416e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 An example confi\n+00003350: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 guration file is\n+00003360: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2069 . provided i\n+00003370: 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6e66 6967 7572 n *note Configur\n+00003380: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 5072 6f76 6964 ation::...Provid\n+00003390: 6520 6120 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 e a menu interfa\n+000033a0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6d65 6e75 2069 ce. A menu i\n+000033b0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 206c 6973 7469 6e67 nterface listing\n+000033c0: 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d preset boot com\n+000033d0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 6974 6820 6120 7072 mands, with a pr\n+000033e0: 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 ogrammable. \n+000033f0: 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2069 7320 6176 6169 timeout, is avai\n+00003400: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 lable. There is\n+00003410: 206e 6f20 6669 7865 6420 6c69 6d69 7420 no fixed limit \n+00003420: 6f6e 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 on the number of\n+00003430: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 . boot entri\n+00003440: 6573 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6375 7272 es, and the curr\n+00003450: 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 ent implementati\n+00003460: 6f6e 2068 6173 2073 7061 6365 2066 6f72 on has space for\n+00003470: 2073 6576 6572 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6875 several. hu\n+00003480: 6e64 7265 642e 0a0a 4861 7665 2061 2066 ndred...Have a f\n+00003490: 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d lexible command-\n+000034a0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a20 line interface. \n+000034b0: 2020 2020 4120 6661 6972 6c79 2066 6c65 A fairly fle\n+000034c0: 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 xible command-li\n+000034d0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 6163 ne interface, ac\n+000034e0: 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 cessible from th\n+000034f0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 7320 e menu,. is \n+00003500: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2065 6469 available to edi\n+00003510: 7420 616e 7920 7072 6573 6574 2063 6f6d t any preset com\n+00003520: 6d61 6e64 732c 206f 7220 7772 6974 6520 mands, or write \n+00003530: 6120 6e65 7720 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 a new boot. \n+00003540: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7420 6672 6f6d command set from\n+00003550: 2073 6372 6174 6368 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f scratch. If no\n+00003560: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00003570: 696c 6520 6973 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2c0a ile is present,.\n+00003580: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6472 6f70 7320 GRUB drops \n+00003590: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c to the command-l\n+000035a0: 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c ine... The l\n+000035b0: 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ist of commands \n+000035c0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a (*note Commands:\n+000035d0: 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 7420 :) are a subset \n+000035e0: 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7375 of those. su\n+000035f0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f 6e66 pported for conf\n+00003600: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e iguration files.\n+00003610: 2020 4564 6974 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e Editing comman\n+00003620: 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 ds closely. \n+00003630: 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 6520 4261 resembles the Ba\n+00003640: 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 sh command-line \n+00003650: 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a 2028 6665 (*note Bash: (fe\n+00003660: 6174 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 6e64 204c atures)Command L\n+00003670: 696e 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 7469 6e67 ine. Editing\n+00003680: 2e29 2c20 7769 7468 203c 5441 423e 2d63 .), with -c\n+00003690: 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6d ompletion of com\n+000036a0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 mands, devices, \n+000036b0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2c0a 2020 2020 partitions,. \n+000036c0: 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6120 and files in a \n+000036d0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6465 7065 6e64 directory depend\n+000036e0: 696e 6720 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2e0a ing on context..\n+000036f0: 0a53 7570 706f 7274 206d 756c 7469 706c .Support multipl\n+00003700: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 7970 e filesystem typ\n+00003710: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 es. Support \n+00003720: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2066 696c 6573 7973 multiple filesys\n+00003730: 7465 6d20 7479 7065 7320 7472 616e 7370 tem types transp\n+00003740: 6172 656e 746c 792c 2070 6c75 7320 6120 arently, plus a \n+00003750: 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c useful. expl\n+00003760: 6963 6974 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 206e icit blocklist n\n+00003770: 6f74 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 6375 otation. The cu\n+00003780: 7272 656e 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 rrently supporte\n+00003790: 6420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 d filesystem. \n+000037a0: 2020 7479 7065 7320 6172 6520 e280 9c41 types are ...A\n+000037b0: 6d69 6761 2046 6173 7420 4669 6c65 5379 miga Fast FileSy\n+000037c0: 7374 656d 2028 4146 4653 29e2 809d 2c20 stem (AFFS)..., \n+000037d0: e280 9c41 7468 654f 5320 6673 e280 9d2c ...AtheOS fs...,\n+000037e0: 20e2 809c 4265 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 ...BeFS...,. \n+000037f0: 2020 e280 9c42 7472 4653 e280 9d20 2869 ...BtrFS... (i\n+00003800: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2072 6169 6430 2c20 ncluding raid0, \n+00003810: 7261 6964 312c 2072 6169 6431 302c 2067 raid1, raid10, g\n+00003820: 7a69 7020 616e 6420 6c7a 6f29 2c20 e280 zip and lzo), ..\n+00003830: 9c63 7069 6fe2 809d 0a20 2020 2020 286c .cpio.... (l\n+00003840: 6974 746c 652d 2061 6e64 2062 6967 2d65 ittle- and big-e\n+00003850: 6e64 6961 6e20 6269 6e2c 206f 6463 2061 ndian bin, odc a\n+00003860: 6e64 206e 6577 6320 7661 7269 616e 7473 nd newc variants\n+00003870: 292c 20e2 809c 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 ), ...Linux. \n+00003880: 2065 7874 322f 6578 7433 2f65 7874 34e2 ext2/ext3/ext4.\n+00003890: 809d 2c20 e280 9c44 4f53 2046 4154 3132 .., ...DOS FAT12\n+000038a0: 2f46 4154 3136 2f46 4154 3332 e280 9d2c /FAT16/FAT32...,\n+000038b0: 20e2 809c 6578 4641 54e2 809d 2c20 e280 ...exFAT..., ..\n+000038c0: 9c46 3246 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c48 4653 .F2FS..., ...HFS\n+000038d0: e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9c48 4653 ...,. ...HFS\n+000038e0: 2be2 809d 2c20 e280 9c49 534f 3936 3630 +..., ...ISO9660\n+000038f0: e280 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 204a ... (including J\n+00003900: 6f6c 6965 742c 2052 6f63 6b2d 7269 6467 oliet, Rock-ridg\n+00003910: 6520 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 692d 6368 756e e and multi-chun\n+00003920: 6b0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 292c 20e2 k. files), .\n+00003930: 809c 4a46 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c4d 696e ..JFS..., ...Min\n+00003940: 6978 2066 73e2 809d 2028 7665 7273 696f ix fs... (versio\n+00003950: 6e73 2031 2c20 3220 616e 6420 3329 2c20 ns 1, 2 and 3), \n+00003960: e280 9c6e 696c 6673 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 ...nilfs2..., ..\n+00003970: 9c4e 5446 53e2 809d 0a20 2020 2020 2869 .NTFS.... (i\n+00003980: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 ncluding compres\n+00003990: 7369 6f6e 292c 20e2 809c 5265 6973 6572 sion), ...Reiser\n+000039a0: 4653 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 524f 4d46 53e2 FS..., ...ROMFS.\n+000039b0: 809d 2c20 e280 9c41 6d69 6761 2053 6d61 .., ...Amiga Sma\n+000039c0: 7274 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c65 5379 7374 rt. FileSyst\n+000039d0: 656d 2028 5346 5329 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c em (SFS)..., ...\n+000039e0: 5371 7561 7368 34e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c74 Squash4..., ...t\n+000039f0: 6172 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 5544 46e2 809d ar..., ...UDF...\n+00003a00: 2c20 e280 9c42 5344 2055 4653 2f55 4653 , ...BSD UFS/UFS\n+00003a10: 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c58 4653 e280 9d2c 2..., ...XFS...,\n+00003a20: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9c5a 4653 . and ...ZFS\n+00003a30: e280 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206c ... (including l\n+00003a40: 7a6a 622c 2067 7a69 702c 207a 6c65 2c20 zjb, gzip, zle, \n+00003a50: 6d69 7272 6f72 2c20 7374 7269 7065 2c20 mirror, stripe, \n+00003a60: 7261 6964 7a31 2f32 2f33 0a20 2020 2020 raidz1/2/3. \n+00003a70: 616e 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2069 and encryption i\n+00003a80: 6e20 4145 532d 4343 4d20 616e 6420 4145 n AES-CCM and AE\n+00003a90: 532d 4743 4d29 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 4669 S-GCM). *Note Fi\n+00003aa0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2c20 666f 720a lesystem::, for.\n+00003ab0: 2020 2020 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d more inform\n+00003ac0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 ation...Support \n+00003ad0: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 6465 636f 6d70 automatic decomp\n+00003ae0: 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2043 616e ression. Can\n+00003af0: 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 6669 6c65 decompress file\n+00003b00: 7320 7768 6963 6820 7765 7265 2063 6f6d s which were com\n+00003b10: 7072 6573 7365 6420 6279 20e2 8098 677a pressed by ...gz\n+00003b20: 6970 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 787a e280 ip... or ...xz..\n+00003b30: 9928 3229 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 .(2). (*note\n+00003b40: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f Features-Footno\n+00003b50: 7465 2d32 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2066 te-2::). This f\n+00003b60: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2062 6f74 6820 unction is both \n+00003b70: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e 640a 2020 automatic and. \n+00003b80: 2020 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2074 transparent t\n+00003b90: 6f20 7468 6520 7573 6572 2028 692e 652e o the user (i.e.\n+00003ba0: 2020 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 all functions \n+00003bb0: 6f70 6572 6174 6520 7570 6f6e 2074 6865 operate upon the\n+00003bc0: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 . uncompress\n+00003bd0: 6564 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 ed contents of t\n+00003be0: 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c he specified fil\n+00003bf0: 6573 292e 2020 5468 6973 2067 7265 6174 es). This great\n+00003c00: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6475 6365 7320 ly. reduces \n+00003c10: 6120 6669 6c65 2073 697a 6520 616e 6420 a file size and \n+00003c20: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2c20 6120 loading time, a \n+00003c30: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2067 7265 particularly gre\n+00003c40: 6174 2062 656e 6566 6974 0a20 2020 2020 at benefit. \n+00003c50: 666f 7220 666c 6f70 7069 6573 2e28 3329 for floppies.(3)\n+00003c60: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 (*note Feature\n+00003c70: 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d33 3a3a 290a s-Footnote-3::).\n+00003c80: 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 636f 6e63 . It is conc\n+00003c90: 6569 7661 626c 6520 7468 6174 2073 6f6d eivable that som\n+00003ca0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 e kernel modules\n+00003cb0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 should be loade\n+00003cc0: 6420 696e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 d in a. comp\n+00003cd0: 7265 7373 6564 2073 7461 7465 2c20 736f ressed state, so\n+00003ce0: 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 a different mod\n+00003cf0: 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 636f 6d6d ule-loading comm\n+00003d00: 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 and can be. \n+00003d10: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 2061 766f specified to avo\n+00003d20: 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6e67 id uncompressing\n+00003d30: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a41 the modules...A\n+00003d40: 6363 6573 7320 6461 7461 206f 6e20 616e ccess data on an\n+00003d50: 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6465 7669 y installed devi\n+00003d60: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 ce. Support \n+00003d70: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6461 7461 2066 726f reading data fro\n+00003d80: 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 2061 6c6c 2066 6c6f m any or all flo\n+00003d90: 7070 6965 7320 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 ppies or hard di\n+00003da0: 736b 2873 290a 2020 2020 2072 6563 6f67 sk(s). recog\n+00003db0: 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 2074 6865 2042 494f nized by the BIO\n+00003dc0: 532c 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f S, independent o\n+00003dd0: 6620 7468 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 6f66 f the setting of\n+00003de0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2064 the root. d\n+00003df0: 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 4265 2069 6e64 6570 evice...Be indep\n+00003e00: 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 6472 6976 6520 endent of drive \n+00003e10: 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 geometry transla\n+00003e20: 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 696b tions. Unlik\n+00003e30: 6520 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f e many other boo\n+00003e40: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 732c 2047 5255 4220 t loaders, GRUB \n+00003e50: 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 makes the partic\n+00003e60: 756c 6172 2064 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 ular drive. \n+00003e70: 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6972 7265 translation irre\n+00003e80: 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 2041 2064 7269 7665 levant. A drive\n+00003e90: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 6e64 2072 installed and r\n+00003ea0: 756e 6e69 6e67 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 650a unning with one.\n+00003eb0: 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e translation\n+00003ec0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 636f 6e76 6572 7465 may be converte\n+00003ed0: 6420 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2074 7261 d to another tra\n+00003ee0: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 686f 7574 nslation without\n+00003ef0: 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7665 7273 any. advers\n+00003f00: 6520 6566 6665 6374 7320 6f72 2063 6861 e effects or cha\n+00003f10: 6e67 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2773 2063 nges in GRUB's c\n+00003f20: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 onfiguration...D\n+00003f30: 6574 6563 7420 616c 6c20 696e 7374 616c etect all instal\n+00003f40: 6c65 6420 5241 4d0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 led RAM. GRU\n+00003f50: 4220 6361 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 B can generally \n+00003f60: 6669 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 find all the ins\n+00003f70: 7461 6c6c 6564 2052 414d 206f 6e20 6120 talled RAM on a \n+00003f80: 5043 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 650a 2020 PC-compatible. \n+00003f90: 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 machine. It \n+00003fa0: 7573 6573 2061 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6564 uses an advanced\n+00003fb0: 2042 494f 5320 7175 6572 7920 7465 6368 BIOS query tech\n+00003fc0: 6e69 7175 6520 666f 7220 6669 6e64 696e nique for findin\n+00003fd0: 6720 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 g all. memor\n+00003fe0: 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 732e 2020 4173 2064 y regions. As d\n+00003ff0: 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 escribed on the \n+00004000: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot Specif\n+00004010: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 ication (*note. \n+00004020: 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 Multiboot Sp\n+00004030: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 ecification: (mu\n+00004040: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 292c 206e ltiboot)Top.), n\n+00004050: 6f74 2061 6c6c 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206d ot all kernels m\n+00004060: 616b 6520 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 ake use. of \n+00004070: 7468 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e this information\n+00004080: 2c20 6275 7420 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 , but GRUB provi\n+00004090: 6465 7320 6974 2066 6f72 2074 686f 7365 des it for those\n+000040a0: 2077 686f 2064 6f2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 who do...Suppor\n+000040b0: 7420 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 t Logical Block \n+000040c0: 4164 6472 6573 7320 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 Address mode. \n+000040d0: 2020 496e 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c In traditional\n+000040e0: 2064 6973 6b20 6361 6c6c 7320 2863 616c disk calls (cal\n+000040f0: 6c65 6420 e280 9c43 4853 206d 6f64 65e2 led ...CHS mode.\n+00004100: 809d 292c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 ..), there is a \n+00004110: 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7472 geometry. tr\n+00004120: 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 anslation proble\n+00004130: 6d2c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 m, that is, the \n+00004140: 4249 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6163 6365 BIOS cannot acce\n+00004150: 7373 206f 7665 7220 3130 3234 0a20 2020 ss over 1024. \n+00004160: 2020 6379 6c69 6e64 6572 732c 2073 6f20 cylinders, so \n+00004170: 7468 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 the accessible s\n+00004180: 7061 6365 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 pace is limited \n+00004190: 746f 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3530 3820 to at least 508 \n+000041a0: 4d42 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 746f 2061 MB. and to a\n+000041b0: 7420 6d6f 7374 2038 4742 2e20 4752 5542 t most 8GB. GRUB\n+000041c0: 2063 616e 2774 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c can't universal\n+000041d0: 6c79 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 7320 7072 ly solve this pr\n+000041e0: 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 oblem, as. t\n+000041f0: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 6e64 here is no stand\n+00004200: 6172 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7573 ard interface us\n+00004210: 6564 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 696e ed in all machin\n+00004220: 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 es. However,. \n+00004230: 2020 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e 6577 6572 several newer\n+00004240: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 7665 2074 machines have t\n+00004250: 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 he new interface\n+00004260: 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b0a , Logical Block.\n+00004270: 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2028 e280 Address (..\n+00004280: 9c4c 4241 e280 9d29 206d 6f64 652e 2020 .LBA...) mode. \n+00004290: 4752 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c GRUB automatical\n+000042a0: 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 4c42 ly detects if LB\n+000042b0: 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 A mode is. a\n+000042c0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 vailable and use\n+000042d0: 7320 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 626c s it if availabl\n+000042e0: 652e 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 652c e. In LBA mode,\n+000042f0: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 GRUB can access\n+00004300: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 . the entire\n+00004310: 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 disk...Support \n+00004320: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a network booting.\n+00004330: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2062 6173 GRUB is bas\n+00004340: 6963 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 ically a disk-ba\n+00004350: 7365 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 sed boot loader \n+00004360: 6275 7420 616c 736f 2068 6173 206e 6574 but also has net\n+00004370: 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 work. suppor\n+00004380: 742e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 t. You can load\n+00004390: 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 OS images from \n+000043a0: 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 7369 a network by usi\n+000043b0: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 809c 5446 5450 e280 ng the ...TFTP..\n+000043c0: 9d0a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e .. protocol.\n+000043d0: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 ..Support remote\n+000043e0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 terminals. \n+000043f0: 546f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 To support compu\n+00004400: 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e ters with no con\n+00004410: 736f 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 sole, GRUB provi\n+00004420: 6465 7320 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 des remote termi\n+00004430: 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 nal. support\n+00004440: 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 , so that you ca\n+00004450: 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 n control GRUB f\n+00004460: 726f 6d20 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 rom a remote hos\n+00004470: 742e 2020 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 t. Only. se\n+00004480: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 rial terminal su\n+00004490: 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 pport is impleme\n+000044a0: 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 nted at the mome\n+000044b0: 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 nt.....File: gru\n+000044c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 b.info, Node: F\n+000044d0: 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 eatures-Footnote\n+000044e0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 s, Up: Features\n+000044f0: 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 .. (1) The Net\n+00004500: 4253 442f 6933 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 BSD/i386 kernel \n+00004510: 6973 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d is Multiboot-com\n+00004520: 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b pliant, but lack\n+00004530: 7320 7375 7070 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 s support.for Mu\n+00004540: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e ltiboot modules.\n+00004550: 0a0a 2020 2028 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 .. (2) Only CR\n+00004560: 4333 3220 6461 7461 2069 6e74 6567 7269 C32 data integri\n+00004570: 7479 2063 6865 636b 2069 7320 7375 7070 ty check is supp\n+00004580: 6f72 7465 6420 2878 7a20 6465 6661 756c orted (xz defaul\n+00004590: 7420 6973 2043 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e t is CRC64.so on\n+000045a0: 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 202d 6368 e should use -ch\n+000045b0: 6563 6b3d 6372 6333 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e eck=crc32 option\n+000045c0: 292e 2020 4c5a 4d41 2042 434a 2066 696c ). LZMA BCJ fil\n+000045d0: 7465 7273 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 ters are support\n+000045e0: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2833 2920 5468 6572 ed... (3) Ther\n+000045f0: 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 e are a few path\n+00004600: 6f6c 6f67 6963 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 ological cases w\n+00004610: 6865 7265 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 here loading a v\n+00004620: 6572 7920 6261 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 ery badly.organi\n+00004630: 7a65 6420 454c 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d zed ELF kernel m\n+00004640: 6967 6874 2074 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 ight take longer\n+00004650: 2c20 6275 7420 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 , but in practic\n+00004660: 6520 7468 6973 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 e this never.hap\n+00004670: 7065 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 pen.....File: gr\n+00004680: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00004690: 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c Role of a boot l\n+000046a0: 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 oader, Prev: Fe\n+000046b0: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 atures, Up: Int\n+000046c0: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 roduction..1.5 T\n+000046d0: 6865 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f he role of a boo\n+000046e0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d t loader.=======\n 000046f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004700: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e ==..The followin\n-00004710: 6720 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 6f6e g is a quotation\n-00004720: 2066 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 from Gordon Mat\n-00004730: 7a69 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 4220 zigkeit, a GRUB \n-00004740: 6661 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 fanatic:.. S\n-00004750: 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b 6520 ome people like \n-00004760: 746f 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 2062 to acknowledge b\n-00004770: 6f74 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e oth the operatin\n-00004780: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 g system and. \n-00004790: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 7468 kernel when th\n-000047a0: 6579 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 ey talk about th\n-000047b0: 6569 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c 2073 eir computers, s\n-000047c0: 6f20 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 6179 o they might say\n-000047d0: 2074 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 2022 they. use \"\n-000047e0: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 2247 GNU/Linux\" or \"G\n-000047f0: 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 6572 NU/Hurd\". Other\n-00004800: 2070 656f 706c 6520 7365 656d 2074 6f20 people seem to \n-00004810: 7468 696e 6b20 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 think that the. \n-00004820: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 7468 kernel is th\n-00004830: 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 e most important\n-00004840: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7973 part of the sys\n-00004850: 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206c 696b tem, so they lik\n-00004860: 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 e to. call t\n-00004870: 6865 6972 2047 4e55 206f 7065 7261 7469 heir GNU operati\n-00004880: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 ng systems \"Linu\n-00004890: 7820 7379 7374 656d 732e 220a 0a20 2020 x systems.\".. \n-000048a0: 2020 492c 2070 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c I, personally,\n-000048b0: 2062 656c 6965 7665 2074 6861 7420 7468 believe that th\n-000048c0: 6973 2069 7320 6120 6772 6176 6520 696e is is a grave in\n-000048d0: 6a75 7374 6963 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 justice, because\n-000048e0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 the. _boot \n-000048f0: 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 6973 2074 6865 206d loader_ is the m\n-00004900: 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 736f ost important so\n-00004910: 6674 7761 7265 206f 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 ftware of all. \n-00004920: 4920 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 I used to. r\n-00004930: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 efer to the abov\n-00004940: 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6173 2065 6974 e systems as eit\n-00004950: 6865 7220 224c 494c 4f22 2831 2920 282a her \"LILO\"(1) (*\n-00004960: 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 note Role of a. \n-00004970: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722d boot loader-\n-00004980: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 Footnote-1::) or\n-00004990: 2022 4752 5542 2220 7379 7374 656d 732e \"GRUB\" systems.\n-000049a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 .. Unfortuna\n-000049b0: 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 7665 tely, nobody eve\n-000049c0: 7220 756e 6465 7273 746f 6f64 2077 6861 r understood wha\n-000049d0: 7420 4920 7761 7320 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 t I was talking \n-000049e0: 6162 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 about; now. \n-000049f0: 4920 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 I just use the w\n-00004a00: 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 2220 6173 2061 2070 ord \"GNU\" as a p\n-00004a10: 7365 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 2047 5255 seudonym for GRU\n-00004a20: 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 B... So, if \n-00004a30: 796f 7520 6576 6572 2068 6561 7220 7065 you ever hear pe\n-00004a40: 6f70 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 626f ople talking abo\n-00004a50: 7574 2074 6865 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 ut their alleged\n-00004a60: 2022 474e 5522 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 \"GNU\". syst\n-00004a70: 656d 732c 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 ems, remember th\n-00004a80: 6174 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6163 7475 at they are actu\n-00004a90: 616c 6c79 2070 6179 696e 6720 686f 6d61 ally paying homa\n-00004aa0: 6765 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 7374 0a20 ge to the best. \n-00004ab0: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 boot loader \n-00004ac0: 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 210a around... GRUB!.\n-00004ad0: 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 . We, the GRUB\n-00004ae0: 206d 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 646f maintainers, do\n-00004af0: 206e 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 not (usually) e\n-00004b00: 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 ncourage Gordon'\n-00004b10: 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e 6174 s level.of fanat\n-00004b20: 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6865 icism, but it he\n-00004b30: 6c70 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 lps to remember \n-00004b40: 7468 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 that boot loader\n-00004b50: 7320 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f 676e s deserve.recogn\n-00004b60: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 6520 ition. We hope \n-00004b70: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 that you enjoy u\n-00004b80: 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6173 sing GNU GRUB as\n-00004b90: 206d 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 640a much as we did.\n-00004ba0: 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 writing it.....F\n-00004bb0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00004bc0: 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 Node: Role of a\n-00004bd0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f boot loader-Foo\n-00004be0: 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 6f6c tnotes, Up: Rol\n-00004bf0: 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 e of a boot load\n-00004c00: 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204c er.. (1) The L\n-00004c10: 496e 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 2062 Inux LOader, a b\n-00004c20: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 oot loader that \n-00004c30: 6576 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 2c20 everybody uses, \n-00004c40: 6275 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 but nobody.likes\n-00004c50: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00004c60: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 616d info, Node: Nam\n-00004c70: 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 ing convention, \n-00004c80: 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Next: OS-specif\n-00004c90: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 ic notes about g\n-00004ca0: 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 6576 rub tools, Prev\n-00004cb0: 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 : Introduction, \n-00004cc0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 Up: Top..2 Nami\n-00004cd0: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a ng convention.**\n-00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004cf0: 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 *..The device sy\n-00004d00: 6e74 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 ntax used in GRU\n-00004d10: 4220 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 2064 B is a wee bit d\n-00004d20: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7768 ifferent from wh\n-00004d30: 6174 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 6520 at you may.have \n-00004d40: 7365 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e 2079 seen before in y\n-00004d50: 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 our operating sy\n-00004d60: 7374 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 stem(s), and you\n-00004d70: 206e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 need to know it\n-00004d80: 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e so.that you can\n-00004d90: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 7665 specify a drive\n-00004da0: 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 /partition... \n-00004db0: 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f 6c6c Look at the foll\n-00004dc0: 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 owing examples a\n-00004dd0: 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a nd explanations:\n-00004de0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 .. (fd0).. \n-00004df0: 2046 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 First of all, G\n-00004e00: 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 6861 RUB requires tha\n-00004e10: 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d t the device nam\n-00004e20: 6520 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 e be enclosed wi\n-00004e30: 7468 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 th ...(....and .\n-00004e40: 8098 29e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 ..).... The ...\n-00004e50: 6664 e280 9920 7061 7274 206d 6561 6e73 fd... part means\n-00004e60: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6120 666c that it is a fl\n-00004e70: 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 6520 oppy disk. The \n-00004e80: 6e75 6d62 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 number ...0....i\n-00004e90: 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 s the drive numb\n-00004ea0: 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 6f75 er, which is cou\n-00004eb0: 6e74 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f nted from _zero_\n-00004ec0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 7369 . This expressi\n-00004ed0: 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 on.means that GR\n-00004ee0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 UB will use the \n-00004ef0: 7768 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 whole floppy dis\n-00004f00: 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 k... (hd0,ms\n-00004f10: 646f 7332 290a 0a20 2020 4865 7265 2c20 dos2).. Here, \n-00004f20: e280 9868 64e2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2069 ...hd... means i\n-00004f30: 7420 6973 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b t is a hard disk\n-00004f40: 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 drive. The fir\n-00004f50: 7374 2069 6e74 6567 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 st integer ...0.\n-00004f60: 8099 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 ...indicates the\n-00004f70: 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 drive number, t\n-00004f80: 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 hat is, the firs\n-00004f90: 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 t hard disk, the\n-00004fa0: 2073 7472 696e 670a e280 986d 7364 6f73 string....msdos\n-00004fb0: e280 9920 696e 6469 6361 7465 7320 7468 ... indicates th\n-00004fc0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7363 6865 e partition sche\n-00004fd0: 6d65 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 7365 me, while the se\n-00004fe0: 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2c20 e280 cond integer, ..\n-00004ff0: 9832 e280 992c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 .2...,.indicates\n-00005000: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e the partition n\n-00005010: 756d 6265 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 5043 umber (or the PC\n-00005020: 2073 6c69 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e slice number in\n-00005030: 2074 6865 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f the BSD.termino\n-00005040: 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 7274 logy). The part\n-00005050: 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6172 ition numbers ar\n-00005060: 6520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 205f e counted from _\n-00005070: 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d 0a7a one_, not from.z\n-00005080: 6572 6f20 2861 7320 7761 7320 7468 6520 ero (as was the \n-00005090: 6361 7365 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 case in previous\n-000050a0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 5255 versions of GRU\n-000050b0: 4229 2e20 5468 6973 2065 7870 7265 7373 B). This express\n-000050c0: 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7365 ion.means the se\n-000050d0: 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f cond partition o\n-000050e0: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 f the first hard\n-000050f0: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 496e disk drive. In\n-00005100: 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 5542 this case,.GRUB\n-00005110: 2075 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 uses one partit\n-00005120: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2c ion of the disk,\n-00005130: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 instead of the \n-00005140: 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 whole disk... \n-00005150: 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a0a (hd0,msdos5)..\n-00005160: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 This specifie\n-00005170: 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 e280 9c65 s the first ...e\n-00005180: 7874 656e 6465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f xtended partitio\n-00005190: 6ee2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 n... of the firs\n-000051a0: 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 t hard disk.driv\n-000051b0: 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 e. Note that th\n-000051c0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 e partition numb\n-000051d0: 6572 7320 666f 7220 6578 7465 6e64 6564 ers for extended\n-000051e0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a partitions are.\n-000051f0: 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 counted from ...\n-00005200: 35e2 8099 2c20 7265 6761 7264 6c65 7373 5..., regardless\n-00005210: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 206e of the actual n\n-00005220: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2070 7269 6d61 7279 umber of primary\n-00005230: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2079 partitions.on y\n-00005240: 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a our hard disk...\n-00005250: 2020 2020 2028 6864 312c 6d73 646f 7331 (hd1,msdos1\n-00005260: 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 ,bsd1).. This \n-00005270: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 4253 4420 e280 means the BSD ..\n-00005280: 9861 e280 9920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 .a... partition \n-00005290: 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 2050 4320 736c 6963 on first PC slic\n-000052a0: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7468 650a e number of the.\n-000052b0: 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b second hard disk\n-000052c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 7273 652c ... Of course,\n-000052d0: 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2061 6363 to actually acc\n-000052e0: 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b 7320 6f72 ess the disks or\n-000052f0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 partitions with\n-00005300: 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e 6565 6420 GRUB, you.need \n-00005310: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 to use the devic\n-00005320: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 e specification \n-00005330: 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 6c69 in a command, li\n-00005340: 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 ke ...set root=(\n-00005350: 6664 3029 e280 990a 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 fd0)....or ...pa\n-00005360: 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f rttool (hd0,msdo\n-00005370: 7333 2920 6869 6464 656e 2de2 8099 2e20 s3) hidden-.... \n-00005380: 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 696e To help you fin\n-00005390: 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 d out which numb\n-000053a0: 6572 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 2070 er.specifies a p\n-000053b0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 616e artition you wan\n-000053c0: 742c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d t, the GRUB comm\n-000053d0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a and-line (*note.\n-000053e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 Command-line int\n-000053f0: 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e erface::) option\n-00005400: 7320 6861 7665 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 s have argument \n-00005410: 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 completion. Thi\n-00005420: 7320 6d65 616e 730a 7468 6174 2c20 666f s means.that, fo\n-00005430: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206f r example, you o\n-00005440: 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7479 7065 nly need to type\n-00005450: 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d .. set root=\n-00005460: 280a 0a20 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 (.. followed b\n-00005470: 7920 6120 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 6e64 2047 y a , and G\n-00005480: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 RUB will display\n-00005490: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 the list of dri\n-000054a0: 7665 732c 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c ves,.partitions,\n-000054b0: 206f 7220 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2e20 or file names. \n-000054c0: 2053 6f20 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 So it should be\n-000054d0: 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f 2064 quite easy to d\n-000054e0: 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e 616d etermine the.nam\n-000054f0: 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7461 7267 6574 e of your target\n-00005500: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e partition, even\n-00005510: 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e with minimal kn\n-00005520: 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 owledge of the.s\n-00005530: 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 yntax... Note \n-00005540: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 205f that GRUB does _\n-00005550: 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 not_ distinguish\n-00005560: 2049 4445 2066 726f 6d20 5343 5349 202d IDE from SCSI -\n-00005570: 2069 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 it simply.count\n-00005580: 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 s the drive numb\n-00005590: 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 ers from zero, r\n-000055a0: 6567 6172 646c 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 egardless of the\n-000055b0: 6972 2074 7970 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c ir type. Normal\n-000055c0: 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 4520 6472 6976 ly,.any IDE driv\n-000055d0: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 6c65 7373 e number is less\n-000055e0: 2074 6861 6e20 616e 7920 5343 5349 2064 than any SCSI d\n-000055f0: 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2061 6c74 rive number, alt\n-00005600: 686f 7567 6820 7468 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f hough that.is no\n-00005610: 7420 7472 7565 2069 6620 796f 7520 6368 t true if you ch\n-00005620: 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 ange the boot se\n-00005630: 7175 656e 6365 2062 7920 7377 6170 7069 quence by swappi\n-00005640: 6e67 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 490a ng IDE and SCSI.\n-00005650: 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2042 drives in your B\n-00005660: 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 2074 6865 IOS... Now the\n-00005670: 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 686f question is, ho\n-00005680: 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2066 w to specify a f\n-00005690: 696c 653f 2020 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e ile? Again, con\n-000056a0: 7369 6465 7220 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 sider an.example\n-000056b0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 :.. (hd0,msd\n-000056c0: 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 os1)/vmlinuz.. \n-000056d0: 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 This specifies \n-000056e0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6564 20e2 the file named .\n-000056f0: 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 7ae2 8099 2c20 666f ..vmlinuz..., fo\n-00005700: 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 und on the first\n-00005710: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 partition.of th\n-00005720: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 e first hard dis\n-00005730: 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 k drive. Note t\n-00005740: 6861 7420 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 hat the argument\n-00005750: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 776f 726b completion work\n-00005760: 730a 7769 7468 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 s.with file name\n-00005770: 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6174 s, too... That\n-00005780: 2077 6173 2065 6173 792c 2061 646d 6974 was easy, admit\n-00005790: 2069 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 7265 6164 2074 it. Now read t\n-000057a0: 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 6170 7465 722c he next chapter,\n-000057b0: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 206f 7574 2068 6f77 to find out how\n-000057c0: 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 .to actually ins\n-000057d0: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 tall GRUB on you\n-000057e0: 7220 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 r drive.....File\n-000057f0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00005800: 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 de: OS-specific \n-00005810: 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 notes about grub\n-00005820: 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 tools, Next: I\n-00005830: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 nstallation, Pr\n-00005840: 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 ev: Naming conve\n-00005850: 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a ntion, Up: Top.\n-00005860: 0a33 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e .3 OS-specific n\n-00005870: 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 otes about grub \n-00005880: 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tools.**********\n+00004700: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c ======..The foll\n+00004710: 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 owing is a quota\n+00004720: 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e tion from Gordon\n+00004730: 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 Matzigkeit, a G\n+00004740: 5255 4220 6661 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 RUB fanatic:.. \n+00004750: 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c Some people l\n+00004760: 696b 6520 746f 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 ike to acknowled\n+00004770: 6765 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 ge both the oper\n+00004780: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 ating system and\n+00004790: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 . kernel whe\n+000047a0: 6e20 7468 6579 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 n they talk abou\n+000047b0: 7420 7468 6569 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 t their computer\n+000047c0: 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 s, so they might\n+000047d0: 2073 6179 2074 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 say they. u\n+000047e0: 7365 2022 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f se \"GNU/Linux\" o\n+000047f0: 7220 2247 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f r \"GNU/Hurd\". O\n+00004800: 7468 6572 2070 656f 706c 6520 7365 656d ther people seem\n+00004810: 2074 6f20 7468 696e 6b20 7468 6174 2074 to think that t\n+00004820: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 he. kernel i\n+00004830: 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 s the most impor\n+00004840: 7461 6e74 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 tant part of the\n+00004850: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 system, so they\n+00004860: 206c 696b 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6361 like to. ca\n+00004870: 6c6c 2074 6865 6972 2047 4e55 206f 7065 ll their GNU ope\n+00004880: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2022 rating systems \"\n+00004890: 4c69 6e75 7820 7379 7374 656d 732e 220a Linux systems.\".\n+000048a0: 0a20 2020 2020 492c 2070 6572 736f 6e61 . I, persona\n+000048b0: 6c6c 792c 2062 656c 6965 7665 2074 6861 lly, believe tha\n+000048c0: 7420 7468 6973 2069 7320 6120 6772 6176 t this is a grav\n+000048d0: 6520 696e 6a75 7374 6963 652c 2062 6563 e injustice, bec\n+000048e0: 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 ause the. _b\n+000048f0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 6973 2074 oot loader_ is t\n+00004900: 6865 206d 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e he most importan\n+00004910: 7420 736f 6674 7761 7265 206f 6620 616c t software of al\n+00004920: 6c2e 2020 4920 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 l. I used to. \n+00004930: 2020 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 refer to the \n+00004940: 6162 6f76 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6173 above systems as\n+00004950: 2065 6974 6865 7220 224c 494c 4f22 2831 either \"LILO\"(1\n+00004960: 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 ) (*note Role of\n+00004970: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 a. boot loa\n+00004980: 6465 722d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a der-Footnote-1::\n+00004990: 2920 6f72 2022 4752 5542 2220 7379 7374 ) or \"GRUB\" syst\n+000049a0: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 ems... Unfor\n+000049b0: 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 tunately, nobody\n+000049c0: 2065 7665 7220 756e 6465 7273 746f 6f64 ever understood\n+000049d0: 2077 6861 7420 4920 7761 7320 7461 6c6b what I was talk\n+000049e0: 696e 6720 6162 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 ing about; now. \n+000049f0: 2020 2020 4920 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2074 I just use t\n+00004a00: 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 2220 6173 he word \"GNU\" as\n+00004a10: 2061 2070 7365 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 a pseudonym for\n+00004a20: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f2c GRUB... So,\n+00004a30: 2069 6620 796f 7520 6576 6572 2068 6561 if you ever hea\n+00004a40: 7220 7065 6f70 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 r people talking\n+00004a50: 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 6972 2061 6c6c about their all\n+00004a60: 6567 6564 2022 474e 5522 0a20 2020 2020 eged \"GNU\". \n+00004a70: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2072 656d 656d 6265 systems, remembe\n+00004a80: 7220 7468 6174 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 r that they are \n+00004a90: 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6179 696e 6720 actually paying \n+00004aa0: 686f 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 homage to the be\n+00004ab0: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 st. boot loa\n+00004ac0: 6465 7220 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 der around... GR\n+00004ad0: 5542 210a 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 7468 6520 UB!.. We, the \n+00004ae0: 4752 5542 206d 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 GRUB maintainers\n+00004af0: 2c20 646f 206e 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c , do not (usuall\n+00004b00: 7929 2065 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 y) encourage Gor\n+00004b10: 646f 6e27 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 don's level.of f\n+00004b20: 616e 6174 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 anaticism, but i\n+00004b30: 7420 6865 6c70 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d t helps to remem\n+00004b40: 6265 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ber that boot lo\n+00004b50: 6164 6572 7320 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 aders deserve.re\n+00004b60: 636f 676e 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 cognition. We h\n+00004b70: 6f70 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a ope that you enj\n+00004b80: 6f79 2075 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 oy using GNU GRU\n+00004b90: 4220 6173 206d 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 B as much as we \n+00004ba0: 6469 640a 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a did.writing it..\n+00004bb0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00004bc0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 fo, Node: Role \n+00004bd0: 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 of a boot loader\n+00004be0: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a -Footnotes, Up:\n+00004bf0: 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 Role of a boot \n+00004c00: 6c6f 6164 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 loader.. (1) T\n+00004c10: 6865 204c 496e 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c he LInux LOader,\n+00004c20: 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 a boot loader t\n+00004c30: 6861 7420 6576 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 hat everybody us\n+00004c40: 6573 2c20 6275 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c es, but nobody.l\n+00004c50: 696b 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ikes.....File: g\n+00004c60: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00004c70: 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 Naming conventi\n+00004c80: 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 on, Next: OS-sp\n+00004c90: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f ecific notes abo\n+00004ca0: 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 ut grub tools, \n+00004cb0: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 Prev: Introducti\n+00004cc0: 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 on, Up: Top..2 \n+00004cd0: 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f Naming conventio\n+00004ce0: 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n.**************\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 *****..The devic\n+00004d00: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e e syntax used in\n+00004d10: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 GRUB is a wee b\n+00004d20: 6974 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f it different fro\n+00004d30: 6d20 7768 6174 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 m what you may.h\n+00004d40: 6176 6520 7365 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 ave seen before \n+00004d50: 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e in your operatin\n+00004d60: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 g system(s), and\n+00004d70: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f you need to kno\n+00004d80: 7720 6974 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 w it so.that you\n+00004d90: 2063 616e 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 can specify a d\n+00004da0: 7269 7665 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a rive/partition..\n+00004db0: 0a20 2020 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 . Look at the \n+00004dc0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c following exampl\n+00004dd0: 6573 2061 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 es and explanati\n+00004de0: 6f6e 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 ons:.. (fd0)\n+00004df0: 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c .. First of al\n+00004e00: 6c2c 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 l, GRUB requires\n+00004e10: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 that the device\n+00004e20: 206e 616d 6520 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 name be enclose\n+00004e30: 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 0a61 d with ...(....a\n+00004e40: 6e64 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 nd ...).... The\n+00004e50: 20e2 8098 6664 e280 9920 7061 7274 206d ...fd... part m\n+00004e60: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 eans that it is \n+00004e70: 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 a floppy disk. \n+00004e80: 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 The number ...0.\n+00004e90: 8099 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 ...is the drive \n+00004ea0: 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 number, which is\n+00004eb0: 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a counted from _z\n+00004ec0: 6572 6f5f 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 ero_. This expr\n+00004ed0: 6573 7369 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 ession.means tha\n+00004ee0: 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 t GRUB will use \n+00004ef0: 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 7079 the whole floppy\n+00004f00: 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 disk... (hd\n+00004f10: 302c 6d73 646f 7332 290a 0a20 2020 4865 0,msdos2).. He\n+00004f20: 7265 2c20 e280 9868 64e2 8099 206d 6561 re, ...hd... mea\n+00004f30: 6e73 2069 7420 6973 2061 2068 6172 6420 ns it is a hard \n+00004f40: 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2054 6865 disk drive. The\n+00004f50: 2066 6972 7374 2069 6e74 6567 6572 20e2 first integer .\n+00004f60: 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 ..0....indicates\n+00004f70: 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 the drive numbe\n+00004f80: 722c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 r, that is, the \n+00004f90: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c first hard disk,\n+00004fa0: 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a e280 986d the string....m\n+00004fb0: 7364 6f73 e280 9920 696e 6469 6361 7465 sdos... indicate\n+00004fc0: 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 s the partition \n+00004fd0: 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 scheme, while th\n+00004fe0: 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 6572 e second integer\n+00004ff0: 2c20 e280 9832 e280 992c 0a69 6e64 6963 , ...2...,.indic\n+00005000: 6174 6573 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 ates the partiti\n+00005010: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 286f 7220 7468 on number (or th\n+00005020: 6520 5043 2073 6c69 6365 206e 756d 6265 e PC slice numbe\n+00005030: 7220 696e 2074 6865 2042 5344 0a74 6572 r in the BSD.ter\n+00005040: 6d69 6e6f 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 5468 6520 minology). The \n+00005050: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 partition number\n+00005060: 7320 6172 6520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 s are counted fr\n+00005070: 6f6d 205f 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 om _one_, not fr\n+00005080: 6f6d 0a7a 6572 6f20 2861 7320 7761 7320 om.zero (as was \n+00005090: 7468 6520 6361 7365 2069 6e20 7072 6576 the case in prev\n+000050a0: 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 ious versions of\n+000050b0: 2047 5255 4229 2e20 5468 6973 2065 7870 GRUB). This exp\n+000050c0: 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 ression.means th\n+000050d0: 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 e second partiti\n+000050e0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on of the first \n+000050f0: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e hard disk drive.\n+00005100: 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c0a In this case,.\n+00005110: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 GRUB uses one pa\n+00005120: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 rtition of the d\n+00005130: 6973 6b2c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 isk, instead of \n+00005140: 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a the whole disk..\n+00005150: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 . (hd0,msdos\n+00005160: 3529 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 5).. This spec\n+00005170: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ifies the first \n+00005180: e280 9c65 7874 656e 6465 6420 7061 7274 ...extended part\n+00005190: 6974 696f 6ee2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 ition... of the \n+000051a0: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b0a first hard disk.\n+000051b0: 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 drive. Note tha\n+000051c0: 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 t the partition \n+000051d0: 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 6578 7465 numbers for exte\n+000051e0: 6e64 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 nded partitions \n+000051f0: 6172 650a 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d are.counted from\n+00005200: 20e2 8098 35e2 8099 2c20 7265 6761 7264 ...5..., regard\n+00005210: 6c65 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6163 7475 less of the actu\n+00005220: 616c 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2070 7269 al number of pri\n+00005230: 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 730a mary partitions.\n+00005240: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 on your hard dis\n+00005250: 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 312c 6d73 k... (hd1,ms\n+00005260: 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 dos1,bsd1).. T\n+00005270: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 4253 his means the BS\n+00005280: 4420 e280 9861 e280 9920 7061 7274 6974 D ...a... partit\n+00005290: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 2050 4320 ion on first PC \n+000052a0: 736c 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 slice number of \n+000052b0: 7468 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 6420 the.second hard \n+000052c0: 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 disk... Of cou\n+000052d0: 7273 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 rse, to actually\n+000052e0: 2061 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b access the disk\n+000052f0: 7320 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 s or partitions \n+00005300: 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e with GRUB, you.n\n+00005310: 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 eed to use the d\n+00005320: 6576 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 evice specificat\n+00005330: 696f 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ion in a command\n+00005340: 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 7420 726f , like ...set ro\n+00005350: 6f74 3d28 6664 3029 e280 990a 6f72 20e2 ot=(fd0)....or .\n+00005360: 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c ..parttool (hd0,\n+00005370: 6d73 646f 7333 2920 6869 6464 656e 2de2 msdos3) hidden-.\n+00005380: 8099 2e20 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 ... To help you\n+00005390: 2066 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 find out which \n+000053a0: 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6573 number.specifies\n+000053b0: 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 a partition you\n+000053c0: 2077 616e 742c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 want, the GRUB \n+000053d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e command-line (*n\n+000053e0: 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ote.Command-line\n+000053f0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 interface::) op\n+00005400: 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 7665 2061 7267 756d tions have argum\n+00005410: 656e 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 ent completion. \n+00005420: 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 730a 7468 6174 This means.that\n+00005430: 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 , for example, y\n+00005440: 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ou only need to \n+00005450: 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 type.. set r\n+00005460: 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 oot=(.. follow\n+00005470: 6564 2062 7920 6120 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 ed by a , a\n+00005480: 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 nd GRUB will dis\n+00005490: 706c 6179 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 play the list of\n+000054a0: 2064 7269 7665 732c 0a70 6172 7469 7469 drives,.partiti\n+000054b0: 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 206e 616d ons, or file nam\n+000054c0: 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 6974 2073 686f 756c es. So it shoul\n+000054d0: 6420 6265 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 d be quite easy \n+000054e0: 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 to determine the\n+000054f0: 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7461 .name of your ta\n+00005500: 7267 6574 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 rget partition, \n+00005510: 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 even with minima\n+00005520: 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 2074 l knowledge of t\n+00005530: 6865 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 204e he.syntax... N\n+00005540: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f ote that GRUB do\n+00005550: 6573 205f 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 7469 6e67 es _not_ disting\n+00005560: 7569 7368 2049 4445 2066 726f 6d20 5343 uish IDE from SC\n+00005570: 5349 202d 2069 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 SI - it simply.c\n+00005580: 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 ounts the drive \n+00005590: 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 numbers from zer\n+000055a0: 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 646c 6573 7320 6f66 o, regardless of\n+000055b0: 2074 6865 6972 2074 7970 652e 2020 4e6f their type. No\n+000055c0: 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 4520 rmally,.any IDE \n+000055d0: 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 drive number is \n+000055e0: 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 616e 7920 5343 less than any SC\n+000055f0: 5349 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c SI drive number,\n+00005600: 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7468 6174 0a69 although that.i\n+00005610: 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 7565 2069 6620 796f s not true if yo\n+00005620: 7520 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f u change the boo\n+00005630: 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 7920 7377 t sequence by sw\n+00005640: 6170 7069 6e67 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 apping IDE and S\n+00005650: 4353 490a 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 796f CSI.drives in yo\n+00005660: 7572 2042 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 ur BIOS... Now\n+00005670: 2074 6865 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6973 the question is\n+00005680: 2c20 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 , how to specify\n+00005690: 2061 2066 696c 653f 2020 4167 6169 6e2c a file? Again,\n+000056a0: 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 616e 0a65 7861 consider an.exa\n+000056b0: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 mple:.. (hd0\n+000056c0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a ,msdos1)/vmlinuz\n+000056d0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 .. This specif\n+000056e0: 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d ies the file nam\n+000056f0: 6564 20e2 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 7ae2 8099 ed ...vmlinuz...\n+00005700: 2c20 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 , found on the f\n+00005710: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a6f irst partition.o\n+00005720: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 f the first hard\n+00005730: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f disk drive. No\n+00005740: 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6172 6775 te that the argu\n+00005750: 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 ment completion \n+00005760: 776f 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 696c 6520 works.with file \n+00005770: 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 2020 names, too... \n+00005780: 5468 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 792c 2061 That was easy, a\n+00005790: 646d 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 7265 dmit it. Now re\n+000057a0: 6164 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 6170 ad the next chap\n+000057b0: 7465 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 206f 7574 ter, to find out\n+000057c0: 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 how.to actually\n+000057d0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e install GRUB on\n+000057e0: 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a your drive.....\n+000057f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00005800: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 Node: OS-speci\n+00005810: 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 fic notes about \n+00005820: 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 grub tools, Nex\n+00005830: 743a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c t: Installation,\n+00005840: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 Prev: Naming c\n+00005850: 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 onvention, Up: \n+00005860: 546f 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Top..3 OS-specif\n+00005870: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 ic notes about g\n+00005880: 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a rub tools.******\n 00005890: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f **********..On O\n-000058b0: 5320 7768 6963 6820 6861 7665 2064 6576 S which have dev\n-000058c0: 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 ice nodes simila\n-000058d0: 7220 746f 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 204f r to Unix-like O\n-000058e0: 5320 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 S GRUB tools use\n-000058f0: 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 the.OS name. E\n-00005900: 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e .g. for GNU/Lin\n-00005910: 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 ux:.. # grub\n-00005920: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 -install /dev/sd\n-00005930: 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 524f 5320 7765 a.. On AROS we\n-00005940: 2075 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2073 796e use another syn\n-00005950: 7461 782e 2020 466f 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 tax. For volume\n-00005960: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c s:.. //:.. E.\n-00005980: 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 4448 300a g... //:DH0.\n-00005990: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 7765 . For disks we\n-000059a0: 2075 7365 2073 796e 7461 783a 0a20 2020 use syntax:. \n-000059b0: 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d //:/unit/flags.. \n-000059d0: 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 E.g... # g\n-000059e0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 rub-install //:a\n-000059f0: 7461 2e64 6576 6963 652f 302f 300a 0a20 ta.device/0/0.. \n-00005a00: 2020 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 7773 2077 6520 On Windows we \n-00005a10: 7573 6520 554e 4320 7061 7468 2e20 2046 use UNC path. F\n-00005a20: 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2069 7427 7320 or volumes it's \n-00005a30: 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 790a 0a20 2020 2020 typically.. \n-00005a40: 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 \\\\?\\Volume{}. \\\\?\\:.. \n-00005a70: 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 E.g... \\\\?\\V\n-00005a80: 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 6633 3464 3530 2d63 olume{17f34d50-c\n-00005a90: 6636 342d 3462 3032 2d38 3030 652d 3531 f64-4b02-800e-51\n-00005aa0: 6437 3963 3361 6132 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 d79c3aa2ff}. \n-00005ab0: 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 \\\\?\\C:.. For \n-00005ac0: 6469 736b 7320 6974 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 disks it's.. \n-00005ad0: 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 \\\\?\\PhysicalDri\n-00005ae0: 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 723e 0a0a 2020 2045 ve.. E\n-00005af0: 2e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 .g... # grub\n-00005b00: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 -install \\\\?\\Phy\n-00005b10: 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 300a 0a20 2020 sicalDrive0.. \n-00005b20: 4265 7761 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 Beware that you \n-00005b30: 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6675 7274 may need to furt\n-00005b40: 6865 7220 6573 6361 7065 2074 6865 2062 her escape the b\n-00005b50: 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 2064 6570 656e ackslashes depen\n-00005b60: 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6865 ding.on your she\n-00005b70: 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6d ll... When com\n-00005b80: 7069 6c65 6420 7769 7468 2063 7967 7769 piled with cygwi\n-00005b90: 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656e 2063 n support then c\n-00005ba0: 7967 7769 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 ygwin drive name\n-00005bb0: 7320 6172 650a 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 s are.automatica\n-00005bc0: 6c6c 7920 7768 656e 206e 6565 6465 642e lly when needed.\n-00005bd0: 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 E.g... # g\n-00005be0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 rub-install /dev\n-00005bf0: 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 /sda....File: gr\n-00005c00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00005c10: 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e Installation, N\n-00005c20: 6578 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 ext: Booting, P\n-00005c30: 7265 763a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 rev: OS-specific\n-00005c40: 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 notes about gru\n-00005c50: 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f b tools, Up: To\n-00005c60: 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f p..4 Installatio\n-00005c70: 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n.**************\n-00005c80: 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 696e ..In order to in\n-00005c90: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2061 7320 796f stall GRUB as yo\n-00005ca0: 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 ur boot loader, \n-00005cb0: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7273 you need to firs\n-00005cc0: 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 t install.the GR\n-00005cd0: 5542 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7574 UB system and ut\n-00005ce0: 696c 6974 6965 7320 756e 6465 7220 796f ilities under yo\n-00005cf0: 7572 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 ur UNIX-like ope\n-00005d00: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 282a rating system.(*\n-00005d10: 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 note Obtaining a\n-00005d20: 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 nd Building GRUB\n-00005d30: 3a3a 292e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 646f ::). You can do\n-00005d40: 2074 6869 7320 6569 7468 6572 2066 726f this either fro\n-00005d50: 6d20 7468 650a 736f 7572 6365 2074 6172 m the.source tar\n-00005d60: 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 6120 7061 ball, or as a pa\n-00005d70: 636b 6167 6520 666f 7220 796f 7572 204f ckage for your O\n-00005d80: 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 2079 6f75 S... After you\n-00005d90: 2068 6176 6520 646f 6e65 2074 6861 742c have done that,\n-00005da0: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 you need to ins\n-00005db0: 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f tall the boot lo\n-00005dc0: 6164 6572 206f 6e20 610a 6472 6976 6520 ader on a.drive \n-00005dd0: 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 2068 6172 6420 (floppy or hard \n-00005de0: 6469 736b 2920 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 disk) by using t\n-00005df0: 6865 2075 7469 6c69 7479 20e2 8098 6772 he utility ...gr\n-00005e00: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a ub-install... (*\n-00005e10: 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 note.Invoking gr\n-00005e20: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6f6e ub-install::) on\n-00005e30: 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 204f 532e a UNIX-like OS.\n-00005e40: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d65 7320 .. GRUB comes \n-00005e50: 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 6573 with boot images\n-00005e60: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 6e6f 726d , which are norm\n-00005e70: 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ally put in the \n-00005e80: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a e280 982f 7573 directory..../us\n-00005e90: 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 753e r/lib/grub/\n-00005ea0: 2d3c 706c 6174 666f 726d 3ee2 8099 2028 -... (\n-00005eb0: 666f 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 206d for BIOS-based m\n-00005ec0: 6163 6869 6e65 730a e280 982f 7573 722f achines..../usr/\n-00005ed0: 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 lib/grub/i386-pc\n-00005ee0: e280 9929 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6674 6572 ...). Hereafter\n-00005ef0: 2c20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 , the directory \n-00005f00: 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 where GRUB image\n-00005f10: 730a 6172 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 s.are initially \n-00005f20: 706c 6163 6564 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 placed (normally\n-00005f30: 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 .../usr/lib/gru\n-00005f40: 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 b/-...) will be.c\n-00005f60: 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 e280 9c69 6d61 alled the ...ima\n-00005f70: 6765 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2c ge directory...,\n-00005f80: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f and the directo\n-00005f90: 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2062 6f6f ry where the boo\n-00005fa0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 t loader.needs t\n-00005fb0: 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 2875 7375 o find them (usu\n-00005fc0: 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 ally .../boot...\n-00005fd0: 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 ) will be called\n-00005fe0: 2074 6865 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 the ...boot.dir\n-00005ff0: 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 ectory......* Me\n-00006000: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e nu:..* Installin\n-00006010: 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 g GRUB using gru\n-00006020: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 b-install::.* Ma\n-00006030: 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 king a GRUB boot\n-00006040: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 able CD-ROM::.* \n-00006050: 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 Device map::.* B\n-00006060: 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e IOS installation\n-00006070: 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ::....File: grub\n-00006080: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n-00006090: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 stalling GRUB us\n-000060a0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n-000060b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 616b 696e 6720 , Next: Making \n-000060c0: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n-000060d0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 CD-ROM, Up: Ins\n-000060e0: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 tallation..4.1 I\n-000060f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 nstalling GRUB u\n-00006100: 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c sing grub-instal\n-00006110: 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d l.==============\n+000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+000058b0: 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 6861 7665 On OS which have\n+000058c0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 7369 device nodes si\n+000058d0: 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 milar to Unix-li\n+000058e0: 6b65 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 ke OS GRUB tools\n+000058f0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 6d65 use the.OS name\n+00005900: 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 . E.g. for GNU\n+00005910: 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 /Linux:.. # \n+00005920: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 grub-install /de\n+00005930: 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 524f v/sda.. On ARO\n+00005940: 5320 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 S we use another\n+00005950: 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f 7220 766f syntax. For vo\n+00005960: 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a lumes:.. //:\n+00005970: 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 3e0a 0a20 .. \n+00005980: 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a E.g... //:\n+00005990: 4448 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b DH0.. For disk\n+000059a0: 7320 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e 7461 783a s we use syntax:\n+000059b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 6572 . //:/unit/flag\n+000059d0: 730a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 s.. E.g... \n+000059e0: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n+000059f0: 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 652f 302f //:ata.device/0/\n+00005a00: 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 7773 0.. On Windows\n+00005a10: 2077 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 7061 7468 we use UNC path\n+00005a20: 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2069 . For volumes i\n+00005a30: 7427 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 790a 0a20 t's typically.. \n+00005a40: 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 7b3c \\\\?\\Volume{<\n+00005a50: 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c GUID>}. \\\\?\\\n+00005a60: 3c64 7269 7665 206c 6574 7465 723e 3a0a :.\n+00005a70: 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 205c . E.g... \\\n+00005a80: 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 6633 3464 \\?\\Volume{17f34d\n+00005a90: 3530 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 2d38 3030 50-cf64-4b02-800\n+00005aa0: 652d 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 6666 7d0a e-51d79c3aa2ff}.\n+00005ab0: 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 2020 \\\\?\\C:.. \n+00005ac0: 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 2773 0a0a For disks it's..\n+00005ad0: 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 \\\\?\\Physica\n+00005ae0: 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 723e 0a0a lDrive..\n+00005af0: 2020 2045 2e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 E.g... # \n+00005b00: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c 5c3f grub-install \\\\?\n+00005b10: 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 300a \\PhysicalDrive0.\n+00005b20: 0a20 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 6861 7420 . Beware that \n+00005b30: 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 you may need to \n+00005b40: 6675 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 7065 2074 further escape t\n+00005b50: 6865 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 2064 he backslashes d\n+00005b60: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f 7572 epending.on your\n+00005b70: 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e shell... When\n+00005b80: 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 7468 2063 compiled with c\n+00005b90: 7967 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 ygwin support th\n+00005ba0: 656e 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 6976 6520 en cygwin drive \n+00005bb0: 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 746f 6d61 names are.automa\n+00005bc0: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e 206e 6565 tically when nee\n+00005bd0: 6465 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 ded. E.g... \n+00005be0: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n+00005bf0: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 /dev/sda....File\n+00005c00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00005c10: 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e de: Installation\n+00005c20: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 , Next: Booting\n+00005c30: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d 7370 6563 , Prev: OS-spec\n+00005c40: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 ific notes about\n+00005c50: 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5570 grub tools, Up\n+00005c60: 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c : Top..4 Install\n+00005c70: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ation.**********\n+00005c80: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 ****..In order t\n+00005c90: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2061 o install GRUB a\n+00005ca0: 7320 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 s your boot load\n+00005cb0: 6572 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 er, you need to \n+00005cc0: 6669 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 7468 first install.th\n+00005cd0: 6520 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e e GRUB system an\n+00005ce0: 6420 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 756e 6465 d utilities unde\n+00005cf0: 7220 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 r your UNIX-like\n+00005d00: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00005d10: 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 m.(*note Obtaini\n+00005d20: 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 ng and Building \n+00005d30: 4752 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f 7520 6361 GRUB::). You ca\n+00005d40: 6e20 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 7468 6572 n do this either\n+00005d50: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f 7572 6365 from the.source\n+00005d60: 2074 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 tarball, or as \n+00005d70: 6120 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f 7220 796f a package for yo\n+00005d80: 7572 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 ur OS... After\n+00005d90: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f 6e65 2074 you have done t\n+00005da0: 6861 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f hat, you need to\n+00005db0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f install the boo\n+00005dc0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 610a 6472 t loader on a.dr\n+00005dd0: 6976 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 2068 ive (floppy or h\n+00005de0: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 2075 7369 ard disk) by usi\n+00005df0: 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 7479 20e2 ng the utility .\n+00005e00: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n+00005e10: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note.Invokin\n+00005e20: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a g grub-install::\n+00005e30: 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 ) on a UNIX-like\n+00005e40: 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 636f OS... GRUB co\n+00005e50: 6d65 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 696d mes with boot im\n+00005e60: 6167 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 ages, which are \n+00005e70: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 6e20 normally put in \n+00005e80: 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a e280 the directory...\n+00005e90: 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c ./usr/lib/grub/<\n+00005ea0: 6370 753e 2d3c 706c 6174 666f 726d 3ee2 cpu>-.\n+00005eb0: 8099 2028 666f 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 .. (for BIOS-bas\n+00005ec0: 6564 206d 6163 6869 6e65 730a e280 982f ed machines..../\n+00005ed0: 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 usr/lib/grub/i38\n+00005ee0: 362d 7063 e280 9929 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6-pc...). Herea\n+00005ef0: 6674 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 fter, the direct\n+00005f00: 6f72 7920 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2069 ory where GRUB i\n+00005f10: 6d61 6765 730a 6172 6520 696e 6974 6961 mages.are initia\n+00005f20: 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 6564 2028 6e6f 726d lly placed (norm\n+00005f30: 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 ally .../usr/lib\n+00005f40: 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d 3c70 6c61 /grub/-...) will \n+00005f60: 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 e280 be.called the ..\n+00005f70: 9c69 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 .image directory\n+00005f80: e280 9d2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 6972 ..., and the dir\n+00005f90: 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 ectory where the\n+00005fa0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 boot loader.nee\n+00005fb0: 6473 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 ds to find them \n+00005fc0: 2875 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f (usually .../boo\n+00005fd0: 74e2 8099 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 t...) will be ca\n+00005fe0: 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 lled the ...boot\n+00005ff0: 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2e 0a0a .directory......\n+00006000: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 * Menu:..* Insta\n+00006010: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 lling GRUB using\n+00006020: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a grub-install::.\n+00006030: 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 * Making a GRUB \n+00006040: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a bootable CD-ROM:\n+00006050: 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a :.* Device map::\n+00006060: 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 .* BIOS installa\n+00006070: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 tion::....File: \n+00006080: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00006090: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 : Installing GRU\n+000060a0: 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 B using grub-ins\n+000060b0: 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 616b tall, Next: Mak\n+000060c0: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n+000060d0: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a ble CD-ROM, Up:\n+000060e0: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 Installation..4\n+000060f0: 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 .1 Installing GR\n+00006100: 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e UB using grub-in\n+00006110: 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d stall.==========\n 00006120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 696e ========..For in\n-00006140: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 formation on whe\n-00006150: 7265 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 re GRUB should b\n-00006160: 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 e installed on P\n-00006170: 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 C BIOS platforms\n-00006180: 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 ,.*note BIOS ins\n-00006190: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 tallation::... \n-000061a0: 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2069 6e73 In order to ins\n-000061b0: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7220 tall GRUB under \n-000061c0: 6120 554e 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 2028 a UNIX-like OS (\n-000061d0: 7375 6368 2061 7320 474e 5529 2c20 696e such as GNU), in\n-000061e0: 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d voke.the program\n-000061f0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n-00006200: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n-00006210: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n-00006220: 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 6865 0a73 7570 6572 ::) as the.super\n-00006230: 7573 6572 2028 e280 9c72 6f6f 74e2 809d user (...root...\n-00006240: 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2075 7361 6765 )... The usage\n-00006250: 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 6c6c 7920 7665 is basically ve\n-00006260: 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e 2020 596f 7520 ry simple. You \n-00006270: 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 only need to spe\n-00006280: 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 756d 656e cify one.argumen\n-00006290: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d t to the program\n-000062a0: 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 6572 6520 , namely, where \n-000062b0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 to install the b\n-000062c0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 oot loader. The\n-000062d0: 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 6861 7320 746f .argument has to\n-000062e0: 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2064 6576 be either a dev\n-000062f0: 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 6b65 20e2 ice file (like .\n-00006300: 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 e280 9929 2e20 ../dev/hda...). \n-00006310: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e For example,.un\n-00006320: 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 666f der Linux the fo\n-00006330: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 llowing will ins\n-00006340: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2074 tall GRUB into t\n-00006350: 6865 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 he MBR of the fi\n-00006360: 7273 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 rst.IDE disk:.. \n-00006370: 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 # grub-insta\n-00006380: 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 ll /dev/sda.. \n-00006390: 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 7220 Likewise, under \n-000063a0: 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 2068 GNU/Hurd, this h\n-000063b0: 6173 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 6665 as the same effe\n-000063c0: 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 ct:.. # grub\n-000063d0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 6864 -install /dev/hd\n-000063e0: 300a 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 7468 0.. But all th\n-000063f0: 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c 6573 e above examples\n-00006400: 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 assume that GRU\n-00006410: 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 6d61 B should put ima\n-00006420: 6765 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 e280 ges under.the ..\n-00006430: 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 ./boot... direct\n-00006440: 6f72 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e ory. If you wan\n-00006450: 7420 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7075 7420 696d t GRUB to put im\n-00006460: 6167 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2064 6972 ages under a dir\n-00006470: 6563 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 6861 ectory.other tha\n-00006480: 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2079 n .../boot..., y\n-00006490: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 ou need to speci\n-000064a0: 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 fy the option ..\n-000064b0: 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 .--boot-director\n-000064c0: 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 7069 6361 y.....The typica\n-000064d0: 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 2074 6861 7420 l usage is that \n-000064e0: 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 2061 2047 5255 you create a GRU\n-000064f0: 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 7769 B boot floppy wi\n-00006500: 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e th a.filesystem.\n-00006510: 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 Here is an exa\n-00006520: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b mple:.. # mk\n-00006530: 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 e2fs /dev/fd0. \n-00006540: 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 7420 6578 # mount -t ex\n-00006550: 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 3020 2f6d 6e74 t2 /dev/fd0 /mnt\n-00006560: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 7220 2f6d . # mkdir /m\n-00006570: 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2023 2067 nt/boot. # g\n-00006580: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f rub-install --bo\n-00006590: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e ot-directory=/mn\n-000065a0: 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a t/boot /dev/fd0.\n-000065b0: 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f 756e 7420 2f6d # umount /m\n-000065c0: 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 nt.. Some BIOS\n-000065d0: 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 6275 6720 6f66 es have a bug of\n-000065e0: 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 exposing the fi\n-000065f0: 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 rst partition of\n-00006600: 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 0a61 7320 a USB drive.as \n-00006610: 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 7465 6164 a floppy instead\n-00006620: 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 6e67 2074 6865 of exposing the\n-00006630: 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 6120 USB drive as a \n-00006640: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 2874 6865 7920 hard disk (they \n-00006650: 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 5342 2d46 4444 call.it \"USB-FDD\n-00006660: 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 496e 2073 7563 \" boot). In suc\n-00006670: 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 h cases, you nee\n-00006680: 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206c 696b d to install lik\n-00006690: 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 e this:.. # \n-000066a0: 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f losetup /dev/loo\n-000066b0: 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 6231 0a20 2020 p0 /dev/sdb1. \n-000066c0: 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 2f6c # mount /dev/l\n-000066d0: 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 620a 2020 oop0 /mnt/usb. \n-000066e0: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n-000066f0: 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f l --boot-directo\n-00006700: 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 622f 6275 6762 ry=/mnt/usb/bugb\n-00006710: 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 2d2d 616c ios --force --al\n-00006720: 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 202f 6465 762f low-floppy /dev/\n-00006730: 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 loop0.. This i\n-00006740: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2063 nstall doesn't c\n-00006750: 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 7468 2073 7461 onflict with sta\n-00006760: 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6173 ndard install as\n-00006770: 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 790a 6172 long as they.ar\n-00006780: 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6469 e in separate di\n-00006790: 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 204f rectories... O\n-000067a0: 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f n EFI systems fo\n-000067b0: 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 736b 2069 6e73 r fixed disk ins\n-000067c0: 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f tall you have to\n-000067d0: 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 mount EFI Syste\n-000067e0: 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 m.Partition. If\n-000067f0: 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7420 6174 you mount it at\n-00006800: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 69e2 8099 .../boot/efi...\n-00006810: 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 then you don't \n-00006820: 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 616c need any.special\n-00006830: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 arguments:.. \n-00006840: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n-00006850: 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2079 .. Otherwise y\n-00006860: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 ou need to speci\n-00006870: 6679 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 4546 fy where your EF\n-00006880: 4920 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 7469 I System partiti\n-00006890: 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a 0a0a on is.mounted:..\n-000068a0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n-000068b0: 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 all --efi-direct\n-000068c0: 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 ory=/mnt/efi.. \n-000068d0: 2046 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 For removable i\n-000068e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 nstalls you have\n-000068f0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 982d 2d72 656d to use ...--rem\n-00006900: 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 9920 616e 6420 7370 ovable... and sp\n-00006910: 6563 6966 7920 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 2d2d ecify both....--\n-00006920: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 boot-directory..\n-00006930: 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d65 6669 2d64 . and ...--efi-d\n-00006940: 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 irectory...:.. \n-00006950: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n-00006960: 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 l --efi-director\n-00006970: 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 202d 2d62 6f6f y=/mnt/usb --boo\n-00006980: 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 t-directory=/mnt\n-00006990: 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d 7265 6d6f /usb/boot --remo\n-000069a0: 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 vable....File: g\n-000069b0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000069c0: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n-000069d0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 ootable CD-ROM, \n-000069e0: 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 Next: Device ma\n-000069f0: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7374 616c p, Prev: Instal\n-00006a00: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 ling GRUB using \n-00006a10: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 grub-install, U\n-00006a20: 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a p: Installation.\n-00006a30: 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 .4.2 Making a GR\n-00006a40: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n-00006a50: 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d OM.=============\n+00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f ============..Fo\n+00006140: 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e r information on\n+00006150: 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 where GRUB shou\n+00006160: 6c64 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 ld be installed \n+00006170: 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 on PC BIOS platf\n+00006180: 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 orms,.*note BIOS\n+00006190: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e installation::.\n+000061a0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f .. In order to\n+000061b0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 756e install GRUB un\n+000061c0: 6465 7220 6120 554e 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 der a UNIX-like \n+000061d0: 4f53 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 474e 5529 OS (such as GNU)\n+000061e0: 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 726f , invoke.the pro\n+000061f0: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 gram ...grub-ins\n+00006200: 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 tall... (*note I\n+00006210: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking grub-ins\n+00006220: 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 6865 0a73 tall::) as the.s\n+00006230: 7570 6572 7573 6572 2028 e280 9c72 6f6f uperuser (...roo\n+00006240: 74e2 809d 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2075 t...)... The u\n+00006250: 7361 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 6c6c sage is basicall\n+00006260: 7920 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e 2020 y very simple. \n+00006270: 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f You only need to\n+00006280: 2073 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 specify one.arg\n+00006290: 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f ument to the pro\n+000062a0: 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 gram, namely, wh\n+000062b0: 6572 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 ere to install t\n+000062c0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 he boot loader. \n+000062d0: 2054 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 6861 The.argument ha\n+000062e0: 7320 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 s to be either a\n+000062f0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 device file (li\n+00006300: 6b65 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 e280 ke .../dev/hda..\n+00006310: 9929 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 .). For example\n+00006320: 2c0a 756e 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 ,.under Linux th\n+00006330: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c e following will\n+00006340: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e install GRUB in\n+00006350: 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 to the MBR of th\n+00006360: 6520 6669 7273 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b e first.IDE disk\n+00006370: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 :.. # grub-i\n+00006380: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a nstall /dev/sda.\n+00006390: 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e . Likewise, un\n+000063a0: 6465 7220 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 der GNU/Hurd, th\n+000063b0: 6973 2068 6173 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 is has the same \n+000063c0: 6566 6665 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 effect:.. # \n+000063d0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 grub-install /de\n+000063e0: 762f 6864 300a 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c v/hd0.. But al\n+000063f0: 6c20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d l the above exam\n+00006400: 706c 6573 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 ples assume that\n+00006410: 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 GRUB should put\n+00006420: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 images under.th\n+00006430: 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6469 e .../boot... di\n+00006440: 7265 6374 6f72 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 rectory. If you\n+00006450: 2077 616e 7420 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7075 want GRUB to pu\n+00006460: 7420 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2061 t images under a\n+00006470: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 directory.other\n+00006480: 2074 6861 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 than .../boot..\n+00006490: 992c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 ., you need to s\n+000064a0: 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f pecify the optio\n+000064b0: 6e20 e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 n ...--boot-dire\n+000064c0: 6374 6f72 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 ctory.....The ty\n+000064d0: 7069 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 2074 pical usage is t\n+000064e0: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 2061 hat you create a\n+000064f0: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 GRUB boot flopp\n+00006500: 7920 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 7973 y with a.filesys\n+00006510: 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e tem. Here is an\n+00006520: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 example:.. \n+00006530: 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f 6664 # mke2fs /dev/fd\n+00006540: 300a 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 0. # mount -\n+00006550: 7420 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 3020 t ext2 /dev/fd0 \n+00006560: 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 /mnt. # mkdi\n+00006570: 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 r /mnt/boot. \n+00006580: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n+00006590: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n+000065a0: 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f =/mnt/boot /dev/\n+000065b0: 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f 756e fd0. # umoun\n+000065c0: 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 t /mnt.. Some \n+000065d0: 4249 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 6275 BIOSes have a bu\n+000065e0: 6720 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 7468 g of exposing th\n+000065f0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f e first partitio\n+00006600: 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 n of a USB drive\n+00006610: 0a61 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 .as a floppy ins\n+00006620: 7465 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 6e67 tead of exposing\n+00006630: 2074 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 2061 the USB drive a\n+00006640: 7320 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 2874 s a hard disk (t\n+00006650: 6865 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 5342 hey call.it \"USB\n+00006660: 2d46 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 496e -FDD\" boot). In\n+00006670: 2073 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 6f75 such cases, you\n+00006680: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c need to install\n+00006690: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n+000066a0: 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 6576 # losetup /dev\n+000066b0: 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 6231 /loop0 /dev/sdb1\n+000066c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 . # mount /d\n+000066d0: 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 ev/loop0 /mnt/us\n+000066e0: 620a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e b. # grub-in\n+000066f0: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 stall --boot-dir\n+00006700: 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 622f ectory=/mnt/usb/\n+00006710: 6275 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 bugbios --force \n+00006720: 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 202f --allow-floppy /\n+00006730: 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 5468 dev/loop0.. Th\n+00006740: 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e is install doesn\n+00006750: 2774 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 7468 't conflict with\n+00006760: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 616c standard instal\n+00006770: 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 l as long as the\n+00006780: 790a 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 6174 y.are in separat\n+00006790: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a e directories...\n+000067a0: 2020 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d On EFI system\n+000067b0: 7320 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 736b s for fixed disk\n+000067c0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 6176 install you hav\n+000067d0: 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 2053 e to mount EFI S\n+000067e0: 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e ystem.Partition.\n+000067f0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 If you mount i\n+00006800: 7420 6174 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 t at .../boot/ef\n+00006810: 69e2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f i... then you do\n+00006820: 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 n't need any.spe\n+00006830: 6369 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a cial arguments:.\n+00006840: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n+00006850: 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 tall.. Otherwi\n+00006860: 7365 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 se you need to s\n+00006870: 7065 6369 6679 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 pecify where you\n+00006880: 7220 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 r EFI System par\n+00006890: 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 tition is.mounte\n+000068a0: 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d d:.. # grub-\n+000068b0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 install --efi-di\n+000068c0: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 rectory=/mnt/efi\n+000068d0: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 .. For removab\n+000068e0: 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 le installs you \n+000068f0: 6861 7665 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 982d have to use ...-\n+00006900: 2d72 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 9920 616e -removable... an\n+00006910: 6420 7370 6563 6966 7920 626f 7468 0ae2 d specify both..\n+00006920: 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f ..--boot-directo\n+00006930: 7279 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d65 ry... and ...--e\n+00006940: 6669 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 993a fi-directory...:\n+00006950: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e .. # grub-in\n+00006960: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 stall --efi-dire\n+00006970: 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 202d ctory=/mnt/usb -\n+00006980: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d -boot-directory=\n+00006990: 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d /mnt/usb/boot --\n+000069a0: 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c removable....Fil\n+000069b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000069c0: 6f64 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 ode: Making a GR\n+000069d0: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n+000069e0: 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 6963 OM, Next: Devic\n+000069f0: 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e e map, Prev: In\n+00006a00: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 stalling GRUB us\n+00006a10: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n+00006a20: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 , Up: Installat\n+00006a30: 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e 6720 ion..4.2 Making \n+00006a40: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n+00006a50: 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d CD-ROM.=========\n 00006a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f ====..GRUB suppo\n-00006a80: 7274 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6e 6f20 656d rts the ...no em\n-00006a90: 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 e280 9d20 ulation mode... \n-00006aa0: 696e 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 746f in the El Torito\n-00006ab0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 specification(1\n-00006ac0: 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 ).(*note Making \n-00006ad0: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n-00006ae0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d CD-ROM-Footnote-\n-00006af0: 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 1::). This mean\n-00006b00: 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 s that you.can u\n-00006b10: 7365 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 442d se the whole CD-\n-00006b20: 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 616e ROM from GRUB an\n-00006b30: 6420 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 7665 d you don't have\n-00006b40: 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 to make a flopp\n-00006b50: 790a 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2069 y.or hard disk i\n-00006b60: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 mage file, which\n-00006b70: 2063 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 can cause compa\n-00006b80: 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c 656d tibility problem\n-00006b90: 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 s... For booti\n-00006ba0: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d ng from a CD-ROM\n-00006bb0: 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 , GRUB uses a sp\n-00006bc0: 6563 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 6c6c ecial image call\n-00006bd0: 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 ed....cdboot.img\n-00006be0: e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 636f ..., which is co\n-00006bf0: 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 ncatenated with \n-00006c00: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2e20 ...core.img.... \n-00006c10: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 The ...core.img\n-00006c20: e280 990a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6869 ....used for thi\n-00006c30: 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6275 696c s should be buil\n-00006c40: 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 t with at least \n-00006c50: 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 the ...iso9660..\n-00006c60: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9862 696f 7364 6973 . and ...biosdis\n-00006c70: 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 2059 k....modules. Y\n-00006c80: 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d our bootable CD-\n-00006c90: 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 ROM will usually\n-00006ca0: 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 696e also need to in\n-00006cb0: 636c 7564 6520 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 clude a.configur\n-00006cc0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 ation file ...gr\n-00006cd0: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 616e 6420 736f ub.cfg... and so\n-00006ce0: 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 6d6f me other GRUB mo\n-00006cf0: 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 dules... To ma\n-00006d00: 6b65 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6765 6e65 ke a simple gene\n-00006d10: 7269 6320 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 ric GRUB rescue \n-00006d20: 4344 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 CD, you can use \n-00006d30: 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 the....grub-mkre\n-00006d40: 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 scue... program \n-00006d50: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note Invoking \n-00006d60: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a29 grub-mkrescue::)\n-00006d70: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 2d6d :.. $ grub-m\n-00006d80: 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e krescue -o grub.\n-00006d90: 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 7769 6c6c iso.. You will\n-00006da0: 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 often need to i\n-00006db0: 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c nclude other fil\n-00006dc0: 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2069 6d61 6765 es in your image\n-00006dd0: 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 732c 2066 . To do.this, f\n-00006de0: 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 6120 746f 7020 irst make a top \n-00006df0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 666f 7220 7468 directory for th\n-00006e00: 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 6d61 6765 e bootable image\n-00006e10: 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 6973 6fe2 8099 , say, ...iso...\n-00006e20: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 :.. $ mkdir \n-00006e30: 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 iso.. Make a d\n-00006e40: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 5255 irectory for GRU\n-00006e50: 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 6972 B:.. $ mkdir\n-00006e60: 202d 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 -p iso/boot/gru\n-00006e70: 620a 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 6564 b.. If desired\n-00006e80: 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 , make the confi\n-00006e90: 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 g file ...grub.c\n-00006ea0: 6667 e280 9920 756e 6465 7220 e280 9869 fg... under ...i\n-00006eb0: 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 990a so/boot/grub....\n-00006ec0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 (*note Configura\n-00006ed0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 tion::), and cop\n-00006ee0: 7920 616e 7920 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 y any files and \n-00006ef0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 7320 666f 7220 directories for \n-00006f00: 7468 6520 6469 7363 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 the disc.to the \n-00006f10: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9869 736f directory ...iso\n-00006f20: 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c /...... Finall\n-00006f30: 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 696d 6167 y, make the imag\n-00006f40: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 622d e:.. $ grub-\n-00006f50: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 mkrescue -o grub\n-00006f60: 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 .iso iso.. Thi\n-00006f70: 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 2061 2066 696c s produces a fil\n-00006f80: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e e named ...grub.\n-00006f90: 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7468 iso..., which th\n-00006fa0: 656e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e 6564 en can be burned\n-00006fb0: 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 2061 into.a CD (or a\n-00006fc0: 2044 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 7465 DVD), or writte\n-00006fd0: 6e20 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 7320 n to a USB mass \n-00006fe0: 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a storage device..\n-00006ff0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 . The root dev\n-00007000: 6963 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 ice will be set \n-00007010: 7570 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 6c79 up appropriately\n-00007020: 206f 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 on entering you\n-00007030: 720a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 r....grub.cfg...\n-00007040: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-00007050: 696c 652c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ile, so you can \n-00007060: 7265 6665 7220 746f 2066 696c 6520 6e61 refer to file na\n-00007070: 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 440a 7769 mes on the CD.wi\n-00007080: 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f thout needing to\n-00007090: 2075 7365 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 use an explicit\n-000070a0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 device name. T\n-000070b0: 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 his makes it eas\n-000070c0: 6965 7220 746f 0a70 726f 6475 6365 2072 ier to.produce r\n-000070d0: 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 escue images tha\n-000070e0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 t will work on b\n-000070f0: 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 6472 6976 oth optical driv\n-00007100: 6573 2061 6e64 2055 5342 206d 6173 730a es and USB mass.\n-00007110: 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 732e storage devices.\n-00007120: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00007130: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 nfo, Node: Maki\n-00007140: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n-00007150: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f le CD-ROM-Footno\n-00007160: 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 tes, Up: Making\n-00007170: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n-00007180: 2043 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 CD-ROM.. (1) \n-00007190: 456c 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 2061 2073 El Torito is a s\n-000071a0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 pecification for\n-000071b0: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2075 7369 bootable CD usi\n-000071c0: 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e ng BIOS.function\n-000071d0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-000071e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 .info, Node: De\n-000071f0: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a vice map, Next:\n-00007200: 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 BIOS installati\n-00007210: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 616b 696e on, Prev: Makin\n-00007220: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n-00007230: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 e CD-ROM, Up: I\n-00007240: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 nstallation..4.3\n-00007250: 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e The map between\n-00007260: 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 BIOS drives and\n-00007270: 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d OS devices.====\n+00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 ========..GRUB s\n+00006a80: 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6e upports the ...n\n+00006a90: 6f20 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 o emulation mode\n+00006aa0: e280 9d20 696e 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f ... in the El To\n+00006ab0: 7269 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 rito specificati\n+00006ac0: 6f6e 2831 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b on(1).(*note Mak\n+00006ad0: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n+00006ae0: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e ble CD-ROM-Footn\n+00006af0: 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ote-1::). This \n+00006b00: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 means that you.c\n+00006b10: 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 an use the whole\n+00006b20: 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 CD-ROM from GRU\n+00006b30: 4220 616e 6420 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 B and you don't \n+00006b40: 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 have to make a f\n+00006b50: 6c6f 7070 790a 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 loppy.or hard di\n+00006b60: 736b 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 sk image file, w\n+00006b70: 6869 6368 2063 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 hich can cause c\n+00006b80: 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f ompatibility pro\n+00006b90: 626c 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 blems... For b\n+00006ba0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 ooting from a CD\n+00006bb0: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 -ROM, GRUB uses \n+00006bc0: 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 a special image \n+00006bd0: 6361 6c6c 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 called....cdboot\n+00006be0: 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2069 .img..., which i\n+00006bf0: 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6564 2077 s concatenated w\n+00006c00: 6974 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 ith ...core.img.\n+00006c10: 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 ... The ...core\n+00006c20: 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 .img....used for\n+00006c30: 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 this should be \n+00006c40: 6275 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 6c65 built with at le\n+00006c50: 6173 7420 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 ast the ...iso96\n+00006c60: 3630 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9862 696f 60... and ...bio\n+00006c70: 7364 6973 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 sdisk....modules\n+00006c80: 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 . Your bootable\n+00006c90: 2043 442d 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 CD-ROM will usu\n+00006ca0: 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 ally also need t\n+00006cb0: 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 610a 636f 6e66 o include a.conf\n+00006cc0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 iguration file .\n+00006cd0: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 616e ..grub.cfg... an\n+00006ce0: 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 d some other GRU\n+00006cf0: 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 B modules... T\n+00006d00: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 o make a simple \n+00006d10: 6765 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 2072 6573 generic GRUB res\n+00006d20: 6375 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 cue CD, you can \n+00006d30: 7573 6520 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 622d use the....grub-\n+00006d40: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 mkrescue... prog\n+00006d50: 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ram (*note Invok\n+00006d60: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n+00006d70: 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 e::):.. $ gr\n+00006d80: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 ub-mkrescue -o g\n+00006d90: 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 rub.iso.. You \n+00006da0: 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 will often need \n+00006db0: 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 6572 to include other\n+00006dc0: 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2069 files in your i\n+00006dd0: 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 mage. To do.thi\n+00006de0: 732c 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 6120 s, first make a \n+00006df0: 746f 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 666f top directory fo\n+00006e00: 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 r the bootable i\n+00006e10: 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 6973 mage, say, ...is\n+00006e20: 6fe2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b o...:.. $ mk\n+00006e30: 6469 7220 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 dir iso.. Make\n+00006e40: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 a directory for\n+00006e50: 2047 5255 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d GRUB:.. $ m\n+00006e60: 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 kdir -p iso/boot\n+00006e70: 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 /grub.. If des\n+00006e80: 6972 6564 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 ired, make the c\n+00006e90: 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 onfig file ...gr\n+00006ea0: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 756e 6465 7220 ub.cfg... under \n+00006eb0: e280 9869 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ...iso/boot/grub\n+00006ec0: e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 ....(*note Confi\n+00006ed0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 guration::), and\n+00006ee0: 2063 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 6c65 7320 copy any files \n+00006ef0: 616e 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 7320 and directories \n+00006f00: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 0a74 6f20 for the disc.to \n+00006f10: 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 the directory ..\n+00006f20: 9869 736f 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 .iso/...... Fi\n+00006f30: 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 nally, make the \n+00006f40: 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 image:.. $ g\n+00006f50: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 rub-mkrescue -o \n+00006f60: 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 grub.iso iso.. \n+00006f70: 2054 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 2061 This produces a\n+00006f80: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9867 file named ...g\n+00006f90: 7275 622e 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 rub.iso..., whic\n+00006fa0: 6820 7468 656e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 h then can be bu\n+00006fb0: 726e 6564 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 rned into.a CD (\n+00006fc0: 6f72 2061 2044 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 or a DVD), or wr\n+00006fd0: 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d itten to a USB m\n+00006fe0: 6173 7320 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 ass storage devi\n+00006ff0: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 ce... The root\n+00007000: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 device will be \n+00007010: 7365 7420 7570 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 set up appropria\n+00007020: 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 tely on entering\n+00007030: 2079 6f75 720a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 your....grub.cf\n+00007040: 67e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 g... configurati\n+00007050: 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 on file, so you \n+00007060: 6361 6e20 7265 6665 7220 746f 2066 696c can refer to fil\n+00007070: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 e names on the C\n+00007080: 440a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e D.without needin\n+00007090: 6720 746f 2075 7365 2061 6e20 6578 706c g to use an expl\n+000070a0: 6963 6974 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 icit device name\n+000070b0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 . This makes it\n+000070c0: 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a70 726f 6475 easier to.produ\n+000070d0: 6365 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 6573 ce rescue images\n+000070e0: 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 that will work \n+000070f0: 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 on both optical \n+00007100: 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2055 5342 206d drives and USB m\n+00007110: 6173 730a 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 ass.storage devi\n+00007120: 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ces.....File: gr\n+00007130: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00007140: 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f Making a GRUB bo\n+00007150: 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d2d 466f otable CD-ROM-Fo\n+00007160: 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 otnotes, Up: Ma\n+00007170: 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 king a GRUB boot\n+00007180: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 able CD-ROM.. \n+00007190: 2831 2920 456c 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 (1) El Torito is\n+000071a0: 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e a specification\n+000071b0: 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 for bootable CD\n+000071c0: 2075 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6675 6e63 using BIOS.func\n+000071d0: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 tions.....File: \n+000071e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000071f0: 3a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 204e : Device map, N\n+00007200: 6578 743a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c ext: BIOS instal\n+00007210: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d lation, Prev: M\n+00007220: 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a GRUB boo\n+00007230: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 table CD-ROM, U\n+00007240: 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a p: Installation.\n+00007250: 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 .4.3 The map bet\n+00007260: 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 ween BIOS drives\n+00007270: 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 730a and OS devices.\n 00007280: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00007290: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 ==========..If t\n-000072b0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 6669 he device map fi\n-000072c0: 6c65 2065 7869 7374 732c 2074 6865 2047 le exists, the G\n-000072d0: 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 28e2 RUB utilities (.\n-000072e0: 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 992c ..grub-probe...,\n-000072f0: 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 6420 6974 2074 etc.).read it t\n-00007300: 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 o map BIOS drive\n-00007310: 7320 746f 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 732e s to OS devices.\n-00007320: 2020 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 636f 6e73 This file cons\n-00007330: 6973 7473 206f 6620 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 ists of lines.li\n-00007340: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 ke this:.. (\n-00007350: 4445 5649 4345 2920 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 DEVICE) FILE.. \n-00007360: 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 2064 7269 DEVICE is a dri\n-00007370: 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 ve specified in \n-00007380: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 796e 7461 7820 the GRUB syntax \n-00007390: 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 650a 7379 (*note Device.sy\n-000073a0: 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2046 494c ntax::), and FIL\n-000073b0: 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2066 696c 652c E is an OS file,\n-000073c0: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c which is normal\n-000073d0: 6c79 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 ly a device file\n-000073e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c ... Historical\n-000073f0: 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d ly, the device m\n-00007400: 6170 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 7573 6564 ap file was used\n-00007410: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 5255 4220 6465 because GRUB de\n-00007420: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 0a68 6164 2074 vice names.had t\n-00007430: 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 o be used in the\n-00007440: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-00007450: 696c 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7920 7765 ile, and they we\n-00007460: 7265 2064 6572 6976 6564 2066 726f 6d0a re derived from.\n-00007470: 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 BIOS drive numbe\n-00007480: 7273 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 rs. The map bet\n-00007490: 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 ween BIOS drives\n-000074a0: 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 7320 and OS devices \n-000074b0: 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 6265 cannot.always be\n-000074c0: 2067 7565 7373 6564 2063 6f72 7265 6374 guessed correct\n-000074d0: 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c ly: for example,\n-000074e0: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 6574 2074 GRUB will get t\n-000074f0: 6865 206f 7264 6572 2077 726f 6e67 0a69 he order wrong.i\n-00007500: 6620 796f 7520 6578 6368 616e 6765 2074 f you exchange t\n-00007510: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 he boot sequence\n-00007520: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2049 4445 2061 6e64 between IDE and\n-00007530: 2053 4353 4920 696e 2079 6f75 7220 4249 SCSI in your BI\n-00007540: 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 556e 666f 7274 756e OS... Unfortun\n-00007550: 6174 656c 792c 2065 7665 6e20 4f53 2064 ately, even OS d\n-00007560: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 evice names are \n-00007570: 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 7973 2073 7461 626c not always stabl\n-00007580: 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 0a76 6572 7369 e. 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As \n-00007650: 6120 7265 7375 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 6465 a result, the de\n-00007660: 7669 6365 206d 6170 0a66 696c 6520 7265 vice map.file re\n-00007670: 7175 6972 6564 2066 7265 7175 656e 7420 quired frequent \n-00007680: 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 editing on some \n-00007690: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 systems... GRU\n-000076a0: 4220 6176 6f69 6473 2074 6869 7320 7072 B avoids this pr\n-000076b0: 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2062 oblem nowadays b\n-000076c0: 7920 7573 696e 6720 5555 4944 7320 6f72 y using UUIDs or\n-000076d0: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6c 6162 file system.lab\n-000076e0: 656c 7320 7768 656e 2067 656e 6572 6174 els when generat\n-000076f0: 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 ing ...grub.cfg.\n-00007700: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7765 2061 6476 6973 .., and we advis\n-00007710: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 e that you do th\n-00007720: 6520 7361 6d65 0a66 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 e same.for any c\n-00007730: 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 ustom menu entri\n-00007740: 6573 2079 6f75 2077 7269 7465 2e20 2049 es you write. I\n-00007750: 6620 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 f the device map\n-00007760: 2066 696c 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 file does not.e\n-00007770: 7869 7374 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 xist, then the G\n-00007780: 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 7769 RUB utilities wi\n-00007790: 6c6c 2061 7373 756d 6520 6120 7465 6d70 ll assume a temp\n-000077a0: 6f72 6172 7920 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 orary device map\n-000077b0: 206f 6e20 7468 650a 666c 792e 2020 5468 on the.fly. Th\n-000077c0: 6973 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 is is often good\n-000077d0: 2065 6e6f 7567 682c 2070 6172 7469 6375 enough, particu\n-000077e0: 6c61 726c 7920 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d larly in the com\n-000077f0: 6d6f 6e20 6361 7365 206f 660a 7369 6e67 mon case of.sing\n-00007800: 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732e le-disk systems.\n-00007810: 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 .. 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Most \n-000078b0: 636f 6d6d 6f6e 2063 6173 6520 6973 2069 common case is i\n-000078c0: 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 6120 7061 7274 f you use a part\n-000078d0: 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 206c 6f67 6963 616c ition or logical\n-000078e0: 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 6173 2061 2064 6973 volume.as a dis\n-000078f0: 6b20 666f 7220 7669 7274 7561 6c20 6d61 k for virtual ma\n-00007900: 6368 696e 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 chine. You can \n-00007910: 7075 7420 616e 7920 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 put any comments\n-00007920: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 660a in the file if.\n-00007930: 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 6173 2074 6865 2047 needed, as the G\n-00007940: 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 6173 RUB utilities as\n-00007950: 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 sume that a line\n-00007960: 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 is just a comme\n-00007970: 6e74 2069 660a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 nt if.the first \n-00007980: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 6973 20e2 8098 character is ...\n-00007990: 23e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 #........File: g\n-000079a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000079b0: 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 BIOS installati\n-000079c0: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 on, Prev: Devic\n-000079d0: 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7374 e map, Up: Inst\n-000079e0: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 0a0a 342e 3420 4249 allation..4.4 BI\n-000079f0: 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a OS installation.\n-00007a00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00007a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a =====..MBR.===..\n-00007a20: 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 The partition ta\n-00007a30: 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 7261 6469 ble format tradi\n-00007a40: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6f6e tionally used on\n-00007a50: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 PC BIOS platfor\n-00007a60: 6d73 2069 730a 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 ms is.called the\n-00007a70: 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 Master Boot Rec\n-00007a80: 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 666f 726d 6174 ord (MBR) format\n-00007a90: 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 666f ; this is the fo\n-00007aa0: 726d 6174 2074 6861 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 rmat that.allows\n-00007ab0: 2075 7020 746f 2066 6f75 7220 7072 696d up to four prim\n-00007ac0: 6172 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2061 ary partitions a\n-00007ad0: 6e64 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f nd additional lo\n-00007ae0: 6769 6361 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 gical partitions\n-00007af0: 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7061 7274 ..With this part\n-00007b00: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d ition table form\n-00007b10: 6174 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 at, there are tw\n-00007b20: 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c o ways to instal\n-00007b30: 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 6974 0a63 616e 2062 l GRUB: it.can b\n-00007b40: 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 e embedded in th\n-00007b50: 6520 6172 6561 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 e area between t\n-00007b60: 6865 204d 4252 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 he MBR and the f\n-00007b70: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 irst partition.(\n-00007b80: 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6f75 called by variou\n-00007b90: 7320 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 s names, such as\n-00007ba0: 2074 6865 2022 626f 6f74 2074 7261 636b the \"boot track\n-00007bb0: 222c 2022 4d42 5220 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 \", \"MBR gap\", or\n-00007bc0: 0a22 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 .\"embedding area\n-00007bd0: 222c 2061 6e64 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 \", and which is \n-00007be0: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6174 206c 6561 7374 usually at least\n-00007bf0: 2031 3030 3020 4b69 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 1000 KiB), or t\n-00007c00: 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 6520 6361 he core.image ca\n-00007c10: 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 n be installed i\n-00007c20: 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 n a file system \n-00007c30: 616e 6420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7468 and a list of th\n-00007c40: 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2074 6861 740a 6d61 e blocks that.ma\n-00007c50: 6b65 2069 7420 7570 2063 616e 2062 6520 ke it up can be \n-00007c60: 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 stored in the fi\n-00007c70: 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 rst sector of th\n-00007c80: 6174 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 at partition... \n-00007c90: 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 Modern tools u\n-00007ca0: 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6561 7665 204d 4252 sually leave MBR\n-00007cb0: 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 gap of at least\n-00007cc0: 2031 3032 3320 4b69 422e 2054 6869 7320 1023 KiB. This \n-00007cd0: 616d 6f75 6e74 0a69 7320 7375 6666 6963 amount.is suffic\n-00007ce0: 6965 6e74 2074 6f20 636f 7665 7220 6d6f ient to cover mo\n-00007cf0: 7374 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e st configuration\n-00007d00: 732e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2076 s. Hence this v\n-00007d10: 616c 7565 2069 730a 7265 636f 6d6d 656e alue is.recommen\n-00007d20: 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 ded by the GRUB \n-00007d30: 7465 616d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 team... Histor\n-00007d40: 6963 616c 6c79 206d 616e 7920 746f 6f6c ically many tool\n-00007d50: 7320 6c65 6674 206f 6e6c 7920 3331 204b s left only 31 K\n-00007d60: 6942 206f 6620 7370 6163 652e 2020 5468 iB of space. Th\n-00007d70: 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 656e 6f75 6768 is is not.enough\n-00007d80: 2074 6f20 7061 7273 6520 7265 6c69 6162 to parse reliab\n-00007d90: 6c79 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2073 7472 ly difficult str\n-00007da0: 7563 7475 7265 7320 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 uctures like Btr\n-00007db0: 6673 2c20 5a46 532c 2052 4149 4420 6f72 fs, ZFS, RAID or\n-00007dc0: 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 .LVM, or to use \n-00007dd0: 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 6469 736b 2061 difficult disk a\n-00007de0: 6363 6573 7320 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 ccess methods li\n-00007df0: 6b65 2061 6863 692e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 ke ahci. 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G\n-00008110: 5255 4220 776f 726b 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 RUB works around\n-00008120: 2069 7420 6279 2064 6574 6563 7469 6e67 it by detecting\n-00008130: 0a73 6563 746f 7273 2062 7920 6f74 6865 .sectors by othe\n-00008140: 7220 736f 6674 7761 7265 2061 6e64 2061 r software and a\n-00008150: 766f 6964 696e 6720 7468 656d 2061 6e64 voiding them and\n-00008160: 2070 726f 7465 6374 696e 6720 6974 7320 protecting its \n-00008170: 6f77 6e0a 7365 6374 6f72 7320 7573 696e own.sectors usin\n-00008180: 6720 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 2065 g Reed-Solomon e\n-00008190: 6e63 6f64 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 ncoding... GRU\n-000081a0: 4220 7465 616d 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 B team recommend\n-000081b0: 7320 6861 7669 6e67 204d 4252 2067 6170 s having MBR gap\n-000081c0: 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 of at least 100\n-000081d0: 3020 4b69 422e 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 756c 0 KiB... Shoul\n-000081e0: 6420 6974 206e 6f74 2062 6520 706f 7373 d it not be poss\n-000081f0: 6962 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2068 6173 2073 ible, GRUB has s\n-00008200: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2061 2066 616c upport for a fal\n-00008210: 6c62 6163 6b20 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 0a77 lback solution.w\n-00008220: 6869 6368 2069 7320 6865 6176 696c 7920 hich is heavily \n-00008230: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6167 6169 recommended agai\n-00008240: 6e73 742e 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 nst. Installing\n-00008250: 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d to a filesystem\n-00008260: 206d 6561 6e73 0a74 6861 7420 4752 5542 means.that GRUB\n-00008270: 2069 7320 7675 6c6e 6572 6162 6c65 2074 is vulnerable t\n-00008280: 6f20 6974 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 2062 6569 o its blocks bei\n-00008290: 6e67 206d 6f76 6564 2061 726f 756e 6420 ng moved around \n-000082a0: 6279 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 6665 by filesystem.fe\n-000082b0: 6174 7572 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 atures such as t\n-000082c0: 6169 6c20 7061 636b 696e 672c 206f 7220 ail packing, or \n-000082d0: 6576 656e 2062 7920 6167 6772 6573 7369 even by aggressi\n-000082e0: 7665 2066 7363 6b0a 696d 706c 656d 656e ve fsck.implemen\n-000082f0: 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6973 tations, so this\n-00008300: 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 6973 2071 7569 approach is qui\n-00008310: 7465 2066 7261 6769 6c65 3b20 616e 6420 te fragile; and \n-00008320: 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 680a 6361 this approach.ca\n-00008330: 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 n only be used i\n-00008340: 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 f the .../boot..\n-00008350: 9920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 7320 . filesystem is \n-00008360: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 736b on the same disk\n-00008370: 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 4249 4f53 2062 that the.BIOS b\n-00008380: 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 oots from, so th\n-00008390: 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e 6f74 at GRUB does not\n-000083a0: 2068 6176 6520 746f 2072 656c 7920 6f6e have to rely on\n-000083b0: 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 4249 4f53 0a64 guessing BIOS.d\n-000083c0: 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e0a 0a20 rive numbers... \n-000083d0: 2020 5468 6520 4752 5542 2064 6576 656c The GRUB devel\n-000083e0: 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 6561 6d20 6765 6e65 opment team gene\n-000083f0: 7261 6c6c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6473 rally recommends\n-00008400: 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 embedding GRUB \n-00008410: 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 6972 7374 before.the first\n-00008420: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 756e 6c65 partition, unle\n-00008430: 7373 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 ss you have spec\n-00008440: 6961 6c20 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e 7473 ial requirements\n-00008450: 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 740a 656e 7375 . You must.ensu\n-00008460: 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 re that the firs\n-00008470: 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 6172 t partition star\n-00008480: 7473 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3130 3030 ts at least 1000\n-00008490: 204b 6942 2028 3230 3030 2073 6563 746f KiB (2000 secto\n-000084a0: 7273 290a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 rs).from the sta\n-000084b0: 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b 3b20 rt of the disk; \n-000084c0: 6f6e 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 6469 736b 732c on modern disks,\n-000084d0: 2069 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2061 2070 it is often a p\n-000084e0: 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 0a61 6476 616e erformance.advan\n-000084f0: 7461 6765 2074 6f20 616c 6967 6e20 7061 tage to align pa\n-00008500: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 6c61 7267 rtitions on larg\n-00008510: 6572 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 6965 7320 616e er boundaries an\n-00008520: 7977 6179 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 6972 yway, so the fir\n-00008530: 7374 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d 6967 st.partition mig\n-00008540: 6874 2073 7461 7274 2031 204d 6942 2066 ht start 1 MiB f\n-00008550: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 rom the start of\n-00008560: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 4750 540a the disk...GPT.\n-00008570: 3d3d 3d0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 6e65 7765 7220 ===..Some newer \n-00008580: 7379 7374 656d 7320 7573 6520 7468 6520 systems use the \n-00008590: 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 GUID Partition T\n-000085a0: 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2066 6f72 6d61 able (GPT) forma\n-000085b0: 742e 2020 5468 6973 2077 6173 0a73 7065 t. This was.spe\n-000085c0: 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f cified as part o\n-000085d0: 6620 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e73 6962 6c65 f the Extensible\n-000085e0: 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 496e 7465 7266 Firmware Interf\n-000085f0: 6163 6520 2845 4649 292c 2062 7574 2069 ace (EFI), but i\n-00008600: 7420 6361 6e0a 616c 736f 2062 6520 7573 t can.also be us\n-00008610: 6564 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 ed on BIOS platf\n-00008620: 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 7379 7374 656d 2073 orms if system s\n-00008630: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 oftware supports\n-00008640: 2069 743b 2066 6f72 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 it; for.example\n-00008650: 2c20 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2047 4e55 2f4c , GRUB and GNU/L\n-00008660: 696e 7578 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 inux can be used\n-00008670: 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 in this configu\n-00008680: 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7468 ration. With.th\n-00008690: 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2069 7420 6973 is format, it is\n-000086a0: 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 6573 possible to res\n-000086b0: 6572 7665 2061 2077 686f 6c65 2070 6172 erve a whole par\n-000086c0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422c tition for GRUB,\n-000086d0: 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 4249 4f53 .called the BIOS\n-000086e0: 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e Boot Partition.\n-000086f0: 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 GRUB can then \n-00008700: 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f be embedded into\n-00008710: 2074 6861 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 that.partition \n-00008720: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 7269 736b without the risk\n-00008730: 206f 6620 6265 696e 6720 6f76 6572 7772 of being overwr\n-00008740: 6974 7465 6e20 6279 206f 7468 6572 2073 itten by other s\n-00008750: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e 640a 7769 7468 oftware and.with\n-00008760: 6f75 7420 6265 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6169 out being contai\n-00008770: 6e65 6420 696e 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 ned in a filesys\n-00008780: 7465 6d20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 tem which might \n-00008790: 6d6f 7665 2069 7473 2062 6c6f 636b 730a move its blocks.\n-000087a0: 6172 6f75 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e around... When\n-000087b0: 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 4249 4f53 creating a BIOS\n-000087c0: 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 Boot Partition \n-000087d0: 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 2073 7973 7465 6d2c on a GPT system,\n-000087e0: 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6d61 6b65 you should make\n-000087f0: 0a73 7572 6520 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 .sure that it is\n-00008800: 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3331 204b 6942 at least 31 KiB\n-00008810: 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 2028 4750 542d in size. (GPT-\n-00008820: 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 formatted disks \n-00008830: 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 are not.usually \n-00008840: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2073 6d61 particularly sma\n-00008850: 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 6520 7265 636f 6d6d ll, so we recomm\n-00008860: 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206d 616b end that you mak\n-00008870: 6520 6974 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 616e e it larger than\n-00008880: 0a74 6865 2062 6172 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 .the bare minimu\n-00008890: 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2031 204d 6942 m, such as 1 MiB\n-000088a0: 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 6c65 6e74 , to allow plent\n-000088b0: 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f 6d20 666f 7220 6772 y of room for gr\n-000088c0: 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 6f75 206d 7573 7420 owth.).You must \n-000088d0: 616c 736f 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2074 also make sure t\n-000088e0: 6861 7420 6974 2068 6173 2074 6865 2070 hat it has the p\n-000088f0: 726f 7065 7220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 roper partition \n-00008900: 7479 7065 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 0a47 4e55 type. Using.GNU\n-00008910: 2050 6172 7465 642c 2079 6f75 2063 616e Parted, you can\n-00008920: 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 7573 696e 6720 set this using \n-00008930: 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7375 6368 2061 a command such a\n-00008940: 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a s the following:\n-00008950: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2070 6172 7465 6420 .. # parted \n-00008960: 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 4b20 7365 7420 5041 /dev/DISK set PA\n-00008970: 5254 4954 494f 4e2d 4e55 4d42 4552 2062 RTITION-NUMBER b\n-00008980: 696f 735f 6772 7562 206f 6e0a 0a20 2020 ios_grub on.. \n-00008990: 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2075 7369 6e67 If you are using\n-000089a0: 2067 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 gdisk, set the \n-000089b0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2074 partition type t\n-000089c0: 6f20 e280 9830 7845 4630 32e2 8099 2e20 o ...0xEF02.... \n-000089d0: 2057 6974 680a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e69 With.partitioni\n-000089e0: 6e67 2070 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 ng programs that\n-000089f0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 2073 6574 7469 6e67 require setting\n-00008a00: 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 6469 7265 6374 the GUID direct\n-00008a10: 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 686f 756c 640a 6265 ly, it should.be\n-00008a20: 20e2 8098 3231 3638 3631 3438 2d36 3434 ...21686148-644\n-00008a30: 392d 3665 3666 2d37 3434 6536 3536 3536 9-6e6f-744e65656\n-00008a40: 3434 3534 3634 39e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4454649...... \n-00008a50: 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2042 6520 7665 *Caution:* Be ve\n-00008a60: 7279 2063 6172 6566 756c 2077 6869 6368 ry careful which\n-00008a70: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2073 partition you s\n-00008a80: 656c 6563 7421 2020 5768 656e 2047 5255 elect! When GRU\n-00008a90: 420a 6669 6e64 7320 6120 4249 4f53 2042 B.finds a BIOS B\n-00008aa0: 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6475 oot Partition du\n-00008ab0: 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f ring installatio\n-00008ac0: 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d n, it will autom\n-00008ad0: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 0a6f 7665 7277 7269 atically.overwri\n-00008ae0: 7465 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2069 742e 2020 te part of it. \n-00008af0: 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 Make sure that t\n-00008b00: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 he partition doe\n-00008b10: 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616e s not contain an\n-00008b20: 790a 6f74 6865 7220 6461 7461 2e0a 0a1f y.other data....\n-00008b30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00008b40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 , Node: Booting\n-00008b50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 , Next: Configu\n-00008b60: 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 ration, Prev: I\n-00008b70: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 nstallation, Up\n-00008b80: 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 : Top..5 Booting\n-00008b90: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 .*********..GRUB\n-00008ba0: 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 can load Multib\n-00008bb0: 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 oot-compliant ke\n-00008bc0: 726e 656c 7320 696e 2061 2063 6f6e 7369 rnels in a consi\n-00008bd0: 7374 656e 7420 7761 792c 2062 7574 2066 stent way, but f\n-00008be0: 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 6672 6565 206f 7065 or.some free ope\n-00008bf0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2079 rating systems y\n-00008c00: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2073 ou need to use s\n-00008c10: 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 ome OS-specific \n-00008c20: 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a magic...* Menu:.\n-00008c30: 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 .* General boot \n-00008c40: 6d65 7468 6f64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 methods:: \n-00008c50: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 204f 5365 How to boot OSe\n-00008c60: 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 6765 6e65 s with GRUB gene\n-00008c70: 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b rally.* Loopback\n-00008c80: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 booting:: \n-00008c90: 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 Notes on b\n-00008ca0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6c6f 6f70 ooting from loop\n-00008cb0: 6261 636b 730a 2a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 backs.* LVM cach\n-00008cc0: 6520 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 e booting:: \n-00008cd0: 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 Notes on b\n-00008ce0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 ooting from LVM \n-00008cf0: 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f cache logical vo\n-00008d00: 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 lume.* OS-specif\n-00008d10: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 ic notes:: \n-00008d20: 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f 6e20 736f Notes on so\n-00008d30: 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 me operating sys\n-00008d40: 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 tems....File: gr\n-00008d50: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00008d60: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 General boot met\n-00008d70: 686f 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f6f hods, Next: Loo\n-00008d80: 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 pback booting, \n-00008d90: 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e31 Up: Booting..5.1\n-00008da0: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f 7065 How to boot ope\n-00008db0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d rating systems.=\n-00008dc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+000072b0: 4966 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 If the device ma\n+000072c0: 7020 6669 6c65 2065 7869 7374 732c 2074 p file exists, t\n+000072d0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 he GRUB utilitie\n+000072e0: 7320 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 s (...grub-probe\n+000072f0: e280 992c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 6420 ..., etc.).read \n+00007300: 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 2064 it to map BIOS d\n+00007310: 7269 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 6465 7669 rives to OS devi\n+00007320: 6365 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 ces. This file \n+00007330: 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 6c69 6e65 consists of line\n+00007340: 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 s.like this:.. \n+00007350: 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 4649 4c45 (DEVICE) FILE\n+00007360: 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 .. DEVICE is a\n+00007370: 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 drive specified\n+00007380: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 796e in the GRUB syn\n+00007390: 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 tax (*note Devic\n+000073a0: 650a 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 e.syntax::), and\n+000073b0: 2046 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2066 FILE is an OS f\n+000073c0: 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f ile, which is no\n+000073d0: 726d 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 rmally a device \n+000073e0: 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 file... Histor\n+000073f0: 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 ically, the devi\n+00007400: 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 ce map file was \n+00007410: 7573 6564 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 5255 used because GRU\n+00007420: 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 0a68 B device names.h\n+00007430: 6164 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e ad to be used in\n+00007440: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 the configurati\n+00007450: 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 on file, and the\n+00007460: 7920 7765 7265 2064 6572 6976 6564 2066 y were derived f\n+00007470: 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206e rom.BIOS drive n\n+00007480: 756d 6265 7273 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6170 umbers. The map\n+00007490: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 between BIOS dr\n+000074a0: 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 ives and OS devi\n+000074b0: 6365 7320 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a61 6c77 6179 ces cannot.alway\n+000074c0: 7320 6265 2067 7565 7373 6564 2063 6f72 s be guessed cor\n+000074d0: 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 6578 616d rectly: for exam\n+000074e0: 706c 652c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 ple, GRUB will g\n+000074f0: 6574 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 2077 726f et the order wro\n+00007500: 6e67 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6578 6368 616e ng.if you exchan\n+00007510: 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 ge the boot sequ\n+00007520: 656e 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e 2049 4445 ence between IDE\n+00007530: 2061 6e64 2053 4353 4920 696e 2079 6f75 and SCSI in you\n+00007540: 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 556e 666f r BIOS... Unfo\n+00007550: 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 7665 6e20 rtunately, even \n+00007560: 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 OS device names \n+00007570: 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 7973 2073 are not always s\n+00007580: 7461 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 0a76 table. Modern.v\n+00007590: 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 204c ersions of the L\n+000075a0: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 7920 inux kernel may \n+000075b0: 7072 6f62 6520 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 probe drives in \n+000075c0: 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6f72 6465 a different orde\n+000075d0: 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 6f6f 7420 746f 2062 r from.boot to b\n+000075e0: 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 7265 oot, and the pre\n+000075f0: 6669 7820 28e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 642a fix (.../dev/hd*\n+00007600: e280 9920 7665 7273 7573 20e2 8098 2f64 ... versus .../d\n+00007610: 6576 2f73 642a e280 9929 206d 6179 2063 ev/sd*...) may c\n+00007620: 6861 6e67 650a 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 hange.depending \n+00007630: 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 7220 7375 on the driver su\n+00007640: 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2075 7365 2e20 bsystem in use. \n+00007650: 2041 7320 6120 7265 7375 6c74 2c20 7468 As a result, th\n+00007660: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 0a66 696c e device map.fil\n+00007670: 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2066 7265 7175 e required frequ\n+00007680: 656e 7420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f6e 2073 ent editing on s\n+00007690: 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 ome systems... \n+000076a0: 2047 5255 4220 6176 6f69 6473 2074 6869 GRUB avoids thi\n+000076b0: 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 6461 s problem nowada\n+000076c0: 7973 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 5555 4944 ys by using UUID\n+000076d0: 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d s or file system\n+000076e0: 0a6c 6162 656c 7320 7768 656e 2067 656e .labels when gen\n+000076f0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622e erating ...grub.\n+00007700: 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7765 2061 cfg..., and we a\n+00007710: 6476 6973 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2064 dvise that you d\n+00007720: 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a66 6f72 2061 o the same.for a\n+00007730: 6e79 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 ny custom menu e\n+00007740: 6e74 7269 6573 2079 6f75 2077 7269 7465 ntries you write\n+00007750: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 . If the device\n+00007760: 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 646f 6573 206e map file does n\n+00007770: 6f74 0a65 7869 7374 2c20 7468 656e 2074 ot.exist, then t\n+00007780: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 he GRUB utilitie\n+00007790: 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7373 756d 6520 6120 s will assume a \n+000077a0: 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 7920 6465 7669 6365 temporary device\n+000077b0: 206d 6170 206f 6e20 7468 650a 666c 792e map on the.fly.\n+000077c0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 This is often \n+000077d0: 676f 6f64 2065 6e6f 7567 682c 2070 6172 good enough, par\n+000077e0: 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 696e 2074 6865 ticularly in the\n+000077f0: 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 6361 7365 206f 660a common case of.\n+00007800: 7369 6e67 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 single-disk syst\n+00007810: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 ems... However\n+00007820: 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 , the device map\n+00007830: 2066 696c 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e74 file is not ent\n+00007840: 6972 656c 7920 6f62 736f 6c65 7465 2079 irely obsolete y\n+00007850: 6574 2c20 616e 6420 6974 2069 730a 7573 et, and it is.us\n+00007860: 6564 2066 6f72 206f 7665 7272 6964 696e ed for overridin\n+00007870: 6720 7768 656e 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2065 g when current e\n+00007880: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6469 nvironment is di\n+00007890: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 fferent from the\n+000078a0: 206f 6e65 0a6f 6e20 626f 6f74 2e20 204d one.on boot. M\n+000078b0: 6f73 7420 636f 6d6d 6f6e 2063 6173 6520 ost common case \n+000078c0: 6973 2069 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 6120 is if you use a \n+000078d0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 206c 6f67 partition or log\n+000078e0: 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 6173 2061 ical volume.as a\n+000078f0: 2064 6973 6b20 666f 7220 7669 7274 7561 disk for virtua\n+00007900: 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 652e 2020 596f 7520 l machine. You \n+00007910: 6361 6e20 7075 7420 616e 7920 636f 6d6d can put any comm\n+00007920: 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 ents in the file\n+00007930: 2069 660a 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 6173 2074 if.needed, as t\n+00007940: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 he GRUB utilitie\n+00007950: 7320 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 6120 s assume that a \n+00007960: 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 2063 line is just a c\n+00007970: 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 660a 7468 6520 6669 omment if.the fi\n+00007980: 7273 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 6973 rst character is\n+00007990: 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ...#........Fil\n+000079a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000079b0: 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c ode: BIOS instal\n+000079c0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 lation, Prev: D\n+000079d0: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 evice map, Up: \n+000079e0: 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 0a0a 342e Installation..4.\n+000079f0: 3420 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 4 BIOS installat\n+00007a00: 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ion.============\n+00007a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d 4252 0a3d =========..MBR.=\n+00007a20: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f ==..The partitio\n+00007a30: 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 n table format t\n+00007a40: 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2075 7365 raditionally use\n+00007a50: 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 d on PC BIOS pla\n+00007a60: 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 730a 6361 6c6c 6564 tforms is.called\n+00007a70: 2074 6865 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 the Master Boot\n+00007a80: 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 666f Record (MBR) fo\n+00007a90: 726d 6174 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7468 rmat; this is th\n+00007aa0: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 6861 740a 616c e format that.al\n+00007ab0: 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 746f 2066 6f75 7220 lows up to four \n+00007ac0: 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f primary partitio\n+00007ad0: 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 ns and additiona\n+00007ae0: 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 7061 7274 6974 l logical partit\n+00007af0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 6869 7320 ions..With this \n+00007b00: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 partition table \n+00007b10: 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6172 format, there ar\n+00007b20: 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 696e e two ways to in\n+00007b30: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 6974 0a63 stall GRUB: it.c\n+00007b40: 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 an be embedded i\n+00007b50: 6e20 7468 6520 6172 6561 2062 6574 7765 n the area betwe\n+00007b60: 656e 2074 6865 204d 4252 2061 6e64 2074 en the MBR and t\n+00007b70: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+00007b80: 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 on.(called by va\n+00007b90: 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 7563 rious names, suc\n+00007ba0: 6820 6173 2074 6865 2022 626f 6f74 2074 h as the \"boot t\n+00007bb0: 7261 636b 222c 2022 4d42 5220 6761 7022 rack\", \"MBR gap\"\n+00007bc0: 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 , or.\"embedding \n+00007bd0: 6172 6561 222c 2061 6e64 2077 6869 6368 area\", and which\n+00007be0: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6174 206c is usually at l\n+00007bf0: 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 4229 2c20 east 1000 KiB), \n+00007c00: 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 or the core.imag\n+00007c10: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c e can be install\n+00007c20: 6564 2069 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 ed in a file sys\n+00007c30: 7465 6d20 616e 6420 6120 6c69 7374 206f tem and a list o\n+00007c40: 6620 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2074 6861 f the blocks tha\n+00007c50: 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 7570 2063 616e t.make it up can\n+00007c60: 2062 6520 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 be stored in th\n+00007c70: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f e first sector o\n+00007c80: 6620 7468 6174 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e f that partition\n+00007c90: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2074 6f6f ... Modern too\n+00007ca0: 6c73 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6561 7665 ls usually leave\n+00007cb0: 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c MBR gap of at l\n+00007cc0: 6561 7374 2031 3032 3320 4b69 422e 2054 east 1023 KiB. T\n+00007cd0: 6869 7320 616d 6f75 6e74 0a69 7320 7375 his amount.is su\n+00007ce0: 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2074 6f20 636f 7665 fficient to cove\n+00007cf0: 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 r most configura\n+00007d00: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 7468 tions. Hence th\n+00007d10: 6973 2076 616c 7565 2069 730a 7265 636f is value is.reco\n+00007d20: 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 mmended by the G\n+00007d30: 5255 4220 7465 616d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 RUB team... Hi\n+00007d40: 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 206d 616e 7920 storically many \n+00007d50: 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 6674 206f 6e6c 7920 tools left only \n+00007d60: 3331 204b 6942 206f 6620 7370 6163 652e 31 KiB of space.\n+00007d70: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 656e This is not.en\n+00007d80: 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 7061 7273 6520 7265 ough to parse re\n+00007d90: 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 liably difficult\n+00007da0: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 6c69 6b65 structures like\n+00007db0: 2042 7472 6673 2c20 5a46 532c 2052 4149 Btrfs, ZFS, RAI\n+00007dc0: 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 D or.LVM, or to \n+00007dd0: 7573 6520 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 6469 use difficult di\n+00007de0: 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d65 7468 6f64 sk access method\n+00007df0: 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 6863 692e 2020 4865 s like ahci. He\n+00007e00: 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 7761 nce GRUB will.wa\n+00007e10: 726e 2069 6620 6174 7465 6d70 7465 6420 rn if attempted \n+00007e20: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 6e74 6f20 to install into \n+00007e30: 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 5220 6761 7020 6578 small MBR gap ex\n+00007e40: 6365 7074 2069 6e20 6120 736d 616c 6c20 cept in a small \n+00007e50: 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f 6620 636f 6e66 6967 number.of config\n+00007e60: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7765 urations that we\n+00007e70: 7265 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 6572 6564 re grandfathered\n+00007e80: 2e20 2054 6865 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 . The grandfath\n+00007e90: 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 670a 6d75 7374 ered config.must\n+00007ea0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7573 6520 6269 :.. ... use bi\n+00007eb0: 6f73 6469 736b 2061 7320 6469 736b 2061 osdisk as disk a\n+00007ec0: 6363 6573 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 ccess module for\n+00007ed0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 .../boot..... \n+00007ee0: 20e2 80a2 206e 6f74 2075 7365 2061 6e79 ... not use any\n+00007ef0: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7274 additional part\n+00007f00: 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7073 2074 6f20 6163 ition maps to ac\n+00007f10: 6365 7373 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 cess .../boot...\n+00007f20: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f .. ... .../boo\n+00007f30: 74e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 206f 6e20 t... must be on \n+00007f40: 6f6e 6520 6f66 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 one of following\n+00007f50: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 4146 filesystems: AF\n+00007f60: 4653 2c20 4146 532c 2042 4653 2c0a 2020 FS, AFS, BFS,. \n+00007f70: 2020 2063 7069 6f2c 206e 6577 632c 206f cpio, newc, o\n+00007f80: 6463 2c20 6578 7432 2f33 2f34 2c20 4641 dc, ext2/3/4, FA\n+00007f90: 542c 2065 7846 4154 2c20 4632 4653 2c20 T, exFAT, F2FS, \n+00007fa0: 4846 532c 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 HFS, uncompresse\n+00007fb0: 640a 2020 2020 2048 4653 2b2c 2049 534f d. HFS+, ISO\n+00007fc0: 3936 3630 2c20 4a46 532c 204d 696e 6978 9660, JFS, Minix\n+00007fd0: 2c20 4d69 6e69 7832 2c20 4d69 6e69 7833 , Minix2, Minix3\n+00007fe0: 2c20 4e49 4c46 5332 2c20 4e54 4653 2c20 , NILFS2, NTFS, \n+00007ff0: 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 2052 ReiserFS,. R\n+00008000: 4f4d 4653 2c20 5346 532c 2074 6172 2c20 OMFS, SFS, tar, \n+00008010: 5544 462c 2055 4653 312c 2055 4653 322c UDF, UFS1, UFS2,\n+00008020: 2058 4653 0a0a 2020 204d 4252 2067 6170 XFS.. MBR gap\n+00008030: 2068 6173 2066 6577 2074 6563 686e 6963 has few technic\n+00008040: 616c 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 2020 5468 al problems. Th\n+00008050: 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7761 7920 746f ere is no way to\n+00008060: 2072 6573 6572 7665 2073 7061 6365 0a69 reserve space.i\n+00008070: 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 n the embedding \n+00008080: 6172 6561 2077 6974 6820 636f 6d70 6c65 area with comple\n+00008090: 7465 2073 6166 6574 792c 2061 6e64 2073 te safety, and s\n+000080a0: 6f6d 6520 7072 6f70 7269 6574 6172 790a ome proprietary.\n+000080b0: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2069 7320 6b6e 6f77 software is know\n+000080c0: 6e20 746f 2075 7365 2069 7420 746f 206d n to use it to m\n+000080d0: 616b 6520 6974 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 ake it difficult\n+000080e0: 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7273 2074 6f20 776f for users to wo\n+000080f0: 726b 0a61 726f 756e 6420 6c69 6365 6e73 rk.around licens\n+00008100: 696e 6720 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e73 ing restrictions\n+00008110: 2e20 2047 5255 4220 776f 726b 7320 6172 . GRUB works ar\n+00008120: 6f75 6e64 2069 7420 6279 2064 6574 6563 ound it by detec\n+00008130: 7469 6e67 0a73 6563 746f 7273 2062 7920 ting.sectors by \n+00008140: 6f74 6865 7220 736f 6674 7761 7265 2061 other software a\n+00008150: 6e64 2061 766f 6964 696e 6720 7468 656d nd avoiding them\n+00008160: 2061 6e64 2070 726f 7465 6374 696e 6720 and protecting \n+00008170: 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 7365 6374 6f72 7320 its own.sectors \n+00008180: 7573 696e 6720 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d using Reed-Solom\n+00008190: 6f6e 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 on encoding... \n+000081a0: 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2072 6563 6f6d GRUB team recom\n+000081b0: 6d65 6e64 7320 6861 7669 6e67 204d 4252 mends having MBR\n+000081c0: 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 gap of at least\n+000081d0: 2031 3030 3020 4b69 422e 0a0a 2020 2053 1000 KiB... S\n+000081e0: 686f 756c 6420 6974 206e 6f74 2062 6520 hould it not be \n+000081f0: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2068 possible, GRUB h\n+00008200: 6173 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2061 as support for a\n+00008210: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 736f 6c75 7469 fallback soluti\n+00008220: 6f6e 0a77 6869 6368 2069 7320 6865 6176 on.which is heav\n+00008230: 696c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 ily recommended \n+00008240: 6167 6169 6e73 742e 2020 496e 7374 616c against. Instal\n+00008250: 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 ling to a filesy\n+00008260: 7374 656d 206d 6561 6e73 0a74 6861 7420 stem means.that \n+00008270: 4752 5542 2069 7320 7675 6c6e 6572 6162 GRUB is vulnerab\n+00008280: 6c65 2074 6f20 6974 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 le to its blocks\n+00008290: 2062 6569 6e67 206d 6f76 6564 2061 726f being moved aro\n+000082a0: 756e 6420 6279 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 und by filesyste\n+000082b0: 6d0a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2073 7563 6820 m.features such \n+000082c0: 6173 2074 6169 6c20 7061 636b 696e 672c as tail packing,\n+000082d0: 206f 7220 6576 656e 2062 7920 6167 6772 or even by aggr\n+000082e0: 6573 7369 7665 2066 7363 6b0a 696d 706c essive fsck.impl\n+000082f0: 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 ementations, so \n+00008300: 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 6973 this approach is\n+00008310: 2071 7569 7465 2066 7261 6769 6c65 3b20 quite fragile; \n+00008320: 616e 6420 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 and this approac\n+00008330: 680a 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 h.can only be us\n+00008340: 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f ed if the .../bo\n+00008350: 6f74 e280 9920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d ot... filesystem\n+00008360: 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 is on the same \n+00008370: 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 4249 disk that the.BI\n+00008380: 4f53 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2c 2073 OS boots from, s\n+00008390: 6f20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 o that GRUB does\n+000083a0: 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 746f 2072 656c not have to rel\n+000083b0: 7920 6f6e 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 4249 y on guessing BI\n+000083c0: 4f53 0a64 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 OS.drive numbers\n+000083d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4752 5542 2064 ... The GRUB d\n+000083e0: 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 6561 6d20 evelopment team \n+000083f0: 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d generally recomm\n+00008400: 656e 6473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2047 ends embedding G\n+00008410: 5255 4220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 RUB before.the f\n+00008420: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 irst partition, \n+00008430: 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 unless you have \n+00008440: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7265 7175 6972 656d special requirem\n+00008450: 656e 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 740a ents. You must.\n+00008460: 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 ensure that the \n+00008470: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 first partition \n+00008480: 7374 6172 7473 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 starts at least \n+00008490: 3130 3030 204b 6942 2028 3230 3030 2073 1000 KiB (2000 s\n+000084a0: 6563 746f 7273 290a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 ectors).from the\n+000084b0: 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 start of the di\n+000084c0: 736b 3b20 6f6e 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 6469 sk; on modern di\n+000084d0: 736b 732c 2069 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e sks, it is often\n+000084e0: 2061 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 0a61 a performance.a\n+000084f0: 6476 616e 7461 6765 2074 6f20 616c 6967 dvantage to alig\n+00008500: 6e20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 n partitions on \n+00008510: 6c61 7267 6572 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 6965 larger boundarie\n+00008520: 7320 616e 7977 6179 2c20 736f 2074 6865 s anyway, so the\n+00008530: 2066 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first.partition\n+00008540: 206d 6967 6874 2073 7461 7274 2031 204d might start 1 M\n+00008550: 6942 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 iB from the star\n+00008560: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a t of the disk...\n+00008570: 4750 540a 3d3d 3d0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 6e65 GPT.===..Some ne\n+00008580: 7765 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 7573 6520 wer systems use \n+00008590: 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 the GUID Partiti\n+000085a0: 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2066 on Table (GPT) f\n+000085b0: 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 5468 6973 2077 6173 ormat. This was\n+000085c0: 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 7061 .specified as pa\n+000085d0: 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e73 rt of the Extens\n+000085e0: 6962 6c65 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 496e ible Firmware In\n+000085f0: 7465 7266 6163 6520 2845 4649 292c 2062 terface (EFI), b\n+00008600: 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e0a 616c 736f 2062 ut it can.also b\n+00008610: 6520 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2070 e used on BIOS p\n+00008620: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 7379 7374 latforms if syst\n+00008630: 656d 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7375 7070 em software supp\n+00008640: 6f72 7473 2069 743b 2066 6f72 0a65 7861 orts it; for.exa\n+00008650: 6d70 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2047 mple, GRUB and G\n+00008660: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2063 616e 2062 6520 NU/Linux can be \n+00008670: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6f6e used in this con\n+00008680: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2057 6974 figuration. Wit\n+00008690: 680a 7468 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2069 h.this format, i\n+000086a0: 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f t is possible to\n+000086b0: 2072 6573 6572 7665 2061 2077 686f 6c65 reserve a whole\n+000086c0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 partition for G\n+000086d0: 5255 422c 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 RUB,.called the \n+000086e0: 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 BIOS Boot Partit\n+000086f0: 696f 6e2e 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2074 ion. GRUB can t\n+00008700: 6865 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 hen be embedded \n+00008710: 696e 746f 2074 6861 740a 7061 7274 6974 into that.partit\n+00008720: 696f 6e20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 ion without the \n+00008730: 7269 736b 206f 6620 6265 696e 6720 6f76 risk of being ov\n+00008740: 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6279 206f 7468 erwritten by oth\n+00008750: 6572 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e 640a er software and.\n+00008760: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6265 696e 6720 636f without being co\n+00008770: 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2061 2066 696c ntained in a fil\n+00008780: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 esystem which mi\n+00008790: 6768 7420 6d6f 7665 2069 7473 2062 6c6f ght move its blo\n+000087a0: 636b 730a 6172 6f75 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 cks.around... \n+000087b0: 5768 656e 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 When creating a \n+000087c0: 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 BIOS Boot Partit\n+000087d0: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 2073 7973 ion on a GPT sys\n+000087e0: 7465 6d2c 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 tem, you should \n+000087f0: 6d61 6b65 0a73 7572 6520 7468 6174 2069 make.sure that i\n+00008800: 7420 6973 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3331 t is at least 31\n+00008810: 204b 6942 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 2028 KiB in size. (\n+00008820: 4750 542d 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 GPT-formatted di\n+00008830: 736b 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 7573 7561 sks are not.usua\n+00008840: 6c6c 7920 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 lly particularly\n+00008850: 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 6520 7265 small, so we re\n+00008860: 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 commend that you\n+00008870: 206d 616b 6520 6974 206c 6172 6765 7220 make it larger \n+00008880: 7468 616e 0a74 6865 2062 6172 6520 6d69 than.the bare mi\n+00008890: 6e69 6d75 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2031 nimum, such as 1\n+000088a0: 204d 6942 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 MiB, to allow p\n+000088b0: 6c65 6e74 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f 6d20 666f lenty of room fo\n+000088c0: 7220 6772 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 6f75 206d r growth.).You m\n+000088d0: 7573 7420 616c 736f 206d 616b 6520 7375 ust also make su\n+000088e0: 7265 2074 6861 7420 6974 2068 6173 2074 re that it has t\n+000088f0: 6865 2070 726f 7065 7220 7061 7274 6974 he proper partit\n+00008900: 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 ion type. Using\n+00008910: 0a47 4e55 2050 6172 7465 642c 2079 6f75 .GNU Parted, you\n+00008920: 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 7573 can set this us\n+00008930: 696e 6720 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7375 ing a command su\n+00008940: 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ch as the follow\n+00008950: 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2070 6172 ing:.. # par\n+00008960: 7465 6420 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 4b20 7365 ted /dev/DISK se\n+00008970: 7420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e2d 4e55 4d42 t PARTITION-NUMB\n+00008980: 4552 2062 696f 735f 6772 7562 206f 6e0a ER bios_grub on.\n+00008990: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2075 . If you are u\n+000089a0: 7369 6e67 2067 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 sing gdisk, set \n+000089b0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 the partition ty\n+000089c0: 7065 2074 6f20 e280 9830 7845 4630 32e2 pe to ...0xEF02.\n+000089d0: 8099 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7061 7274 6974 ... With.partit\n+000089e0: 696f 6e69 6e67 2070 726f 6772 616d 7320 ioning programs \n+000089f0: 7468 6174 2072 6571 7569 7265 2073 6574 that require set\n+00008a00: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 6469 ting the GUID di\n+00008a10: 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 686f 756c rectly, it shoul\n+00008a20: 640a 6265 20e2 8098 3231 3638 3631 3438 d.be ...21686148\n+00008a30: 2d36 3434 392d 3665 3666 2d37 3434 6536 -6449-6e6f-744e6\n+00008a40: 3536 3536 3434 3534 3634 39e2 8099 2e0a 56564454649.....\n+00008a50: 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2042 . *Caution:* B\n+00008a60: 6520 7665 7279 2063 6172 6566 756c 2077 e very careful w\n+00008a70: 6869 6368 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 hich partition y\n+00008a80: 6f75 2073 656c 6563 7421 2020 5768 656e ou select! When\n+00008a90: 2047 5255 420a 6669 6e64 7320 6120 4249 GRUB.finds a BI\n+00008aa0: 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f OS Boot Partitio\n+00008ab0: 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c n during install\n+00008ac0: 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 ation, it will a\n+00008ad0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 0a6f 7665 utomatically.ove\n+00008ae0: 7277 7269 7465 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2069 rwrite part of i\n+00008af0: 742e 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 t. Make sure th\n+00008b00: 6174 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e at the partition\n+00008b10: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 does not contai\n+00008b20: 6e20 616e 790a 6f74 6865 7220 6461 7461 n any.other data\n+00008b30: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00008b40: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f info, Node: Boo\n+00008b50: 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6e ting, Next: Con\n+00008b60: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 figuration, Pre\n+00008b70: 763a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c v: Installation,\n+00008b80: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 2042 6f6f Up: Top..5 Boo\n+00008b90: 7469 6e67 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a ting.*********..\n+00008ba0: 4752 5542 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 4d75 GRUB can load Mu\n+00008bb0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e ltiboot-complian\n+00008bc0: 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2061 2063 t kernels in a c\n+00008bd0: 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 7420 7761 792c 2062 onsistent way, b\n+00008be0: 7574 2066 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 6672 6565 ut for.some free\n+00008bf0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00008c00: 6d73 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 ms you need to u\n+00008c10: 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 se some OS-speci\n+00008c20: 6669 6320 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 fic magic...* Me\n+00008c30: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 nu:..* General b\n+00008c40: 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 733a 3a20 2020 oot methods:: \n+00008c50: 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 How to boot\n+00008c60: 204f 5365 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 OSes with GRUB \n+00008c70: 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 4c6f 6f70 generally.* Loop\n+00008c80: 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 back booting:: \n+00008c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 Notes \n+00008ca0: 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 on booting from \n+00008cb0: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 730a 2a20 4c56 4d20 loopbacks.* LVM \n+00008cc0: 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 cache booting:: \n+00008cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 Notes \n+00008ce0: 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 on booting from \n+00008cf0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 LVM cache logica\n+00008d00: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f 532d 7370 l volume.* OS-sp\n+00008d10: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 3a3a 2020 ecific notes:: \n+00008d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f Notes o\n+00008d30: 6e20 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 n some operating\n+00008d40: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 systems....File\n+00008d50: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00008d60: 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 de: General boot\n+00008d70: 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a methods, Next:\n+00008d80: 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e Loopback bootin\n+00008d90: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a g, Up: Booting.\n+00008da0: 0a35 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 .5.1 How to boot\n+00008db0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00008dc0: 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ms.=============\n 00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00008de0: 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 6173 2074 6872 6565 ..GRUB has three\n-00008df0: 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 626f 6f74 206d distinct boot m\n-00008e00: 6574 686f 6473 3a20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 ethods: loading \n-00008e10: 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 an operating sys\n-00008e20: 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 7573 tem.directly, us\n-00008e30: 696e 6720 6b65 7865 6320 6672 6f6d 2075 ing kexec from u\n-00008e40: 7365 7273 7061 6365 2c20 616e 6420 6368 serspace, and ch\n-00008e50: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 ainloading anoth\n-00008e60: 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 er.bootloader. \n-00008e70: 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7370 6561 6b69 Generally speaki\n-00008e80: 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7477 ng, the first tw\n-00008e90: 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6573 6972 o are more desir\n-00008ea0: 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 6175 7365 2079 6f75 able.because you\n-00008eb0: 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 don't need to i\n-00008ec0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 696e 7461 nstall or mainta\n-00008ed0: 696e 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f in other boot lo\n-00008ee0: 6164 6572 7320 616e 640a 4752 5542 2069 aders and.GRUB i\n-00008ef0: 7320 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2065 6e6f 7567 s flexible enoug\n-00008f00: 6820 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f 7065 h to load an ope\n-00008f10: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6672 rating system fr\n-00008f20: 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a om an arbitrary.\n-00008f30: 6469 736b 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 disk/partition. \n-00008f40: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6368 6169 6e6c However, chainl\n-00008f50: 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 oading is someti\n-00008f60: 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6173 mes required, as\n-00008f70: 2047 5255 420a 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7375 GRUB.doesn't su\n-00008f80: 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 pport all 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7420 616e 204f 5320 w to boot an OS \n-00009080: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6820 4752 directly with GR\n-00009090: 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d UB.-------------\n+00008de0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 6173 2074 ====..GRUB has t\n+00008df0: 6872 6565 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 626f hree distinct bo\n+00008e00: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a20 6c6f 6164 ot methods: load\n+00008e10: 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 ing an operating\n+00008e20: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 system.directly\n+00008e30: 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6b65 7865 6320 6672 , using kexec fr\n+00008e40: 6f6d 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2c20 616e om userspace, an\n+00008e50: 6420 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 d chainloading a\n+00008e60: 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 nother.bootloade\n+00008e70: 722e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7370 r. Generally sp\n+00008e80: 6561 6b69 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 eaking, the firs\n+00008e90: 7420 7477 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 t two are more d\n+00008ea0: 6573 6972 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 6175 7365 esirable.because\n+00008eb0: 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 6420 you don't need \n+00008ec0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 to install or ma\n+00008ed0: 696e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f intain other boo\n+00008ee0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e 640a 4752 t loaders and.GR\n+00008ef0: 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2065 UB is flexible e\n+00008f00: 6e6f 7567 6820 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e nough to load an\n+00008f10: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00008f20: 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 m from an arbitr\n+00008f30: 6172 790a 6469 736b 2f70 6172 7469 7469 ary.disk/partiti\n+00008f40: 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6368 on. However, ch\n+00008f50: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 7320 736f ainloading is so\n+00008f60: 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 metimes required\n+00008f70: 2c20 6173 2047 5255 420a 646f 6573 6e27 , as GRUB.doesn'\n+00008f80: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 6578 t support all ex\n+00008f90: 6973 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 isting operating\n+00008fa0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206e 6174 6976 656c systems nativel\n+00008fb0: 792e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204c y...* Menu:..* L\n+00008fc0: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 oading an operat\n+00008fd0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 ing system direc\n+00008fe0: 746c 793a 3a0a 2a20 4b65 7865 633a 3a0a tly::.* Kexec::.\n+00008ff0: 2a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a * Chain-loading:\n+00009000: 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e :....File: grub.\n+00009010: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 info, Node: Loa\n+00009020: 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e ding an operatin\n+00009030: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c g system directl\n+00009040: 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4b65 7865 632c y, Next: Kexec,\n+00009050: 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f Up: General bo\n+00009060: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a 352e 312e ot methods..5.1.\n+00009070: 3120 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 1 How to boot an\n+00009080: 204f 5320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 OS directly wit\n+00009090: 6820 4752 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d h GRUB.---------\n 000090a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d -------------..M\n-000090c0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ultiboot (*note \n-000090d0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot Specif\n-000090e0: 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 ication: (multib\n-000090f0: 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 2920 6973 2074 6865 oot)Top.) is the\n-00009100: 206e 6174 6976 650a 666f 726d 6174 2073 native.format s\n-00009110: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 upported by GRUB\n-00009120: 2e20 466f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 206f . For the sake o\n-00009130: 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2074 f convenience, t\n-00009140: 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 0a73 7570 here is also.sup\n-00009150: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 204c 696e 7578 2c20 port for Linux, \n-00009160: 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 4420 FreeBSD, NetBSD \n-00009170: 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 442e 2049 6620 and OpenBSD. If \n-00009180: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 you want to boot\n-00009190: 0a6f 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 .other operating\n-000091a0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 796f 7520 7769 systems, you wi\n-000091b0: 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 746f 2063 6861 696e ll have to chain\n-000091c0: 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2028 2a6e 6f74 -load them (*not\n-000091d0: 650a 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a e.Chain-loading:\n-000091e0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4649 584d 453a 2074 :)... FIXME: t\n-000091f0: 6869 7320 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2069 his section is i\n-00009200: 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 652e 0a0a 2020 312e ncomplete... 1.\n-00009210: 2052 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 Run the command\n-00009220: 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ...boot... (*no\n-00009230: 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 te boot::)... \n-00009240: 486f 7765 7665 722c 2044 4f53 2061 6e64 However, DOS and\n-00009250: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2068 6176 6520 736f Windows have so\n-00009260: 6d65 2064 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 732c me deficiencies,\n-00009270: 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 6861 so you might ha\n-00009280: 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 2063 ve to.use more c\n-00009290: 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7472 omplicated instr\n-000092a0: 7563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 uctions. *Note \n-000092b0: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2c 2066 DOS/Windows::, f\n-000092c0: 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more.informat\n-000092d0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n-000092e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000092f0: 4b65 7865 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 Kexec, Next: Ch\n-00009300: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 672c 2020 5072 ain-loading, Pr\n-00009310: 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f ev: Loading an o\n-00009320: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n-00009330: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 2055 703a 2047 directly, Up: G\n-00009340: 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 eneral boot meth\n-00009350: 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e32 204b 6578 6563 ods..5.1.2 Kexec\n-00009360: 2077 6974 6820 6772 7562 322d 656d 750a with grub2-emu.\n-00009370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4752 5542 ----------..GRUB\n-00009390: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7275 6e20 696e 2075 can be run in u\n-000093a0: 7365 7273 7061 6365 2062 7920 696e 766f serspace by invo\n-000093b0: 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 2067 7275 6232 2d65 king the grub2-e\n-000093c0: 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e 2020 4974 2077 696c mu tool. It wil\n-000093d0: 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 l.read all confi\n-000093e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 6372 6970 7473 guration scripts\n-000093f0: 2061 7320 6966 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 as if booting d\n-00009400: 6972 6563 746c 7920 2873 6565 202a 6e6f irectly (see *no\n-00009410: 7465 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 0a61 6e20 6f70 te Loading.an op\n-00009420: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 erating system d\n-00009430: 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a29 2e20 2057 6974 irectly::). Wit\n-00009440: 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 h the ...--kexec\n-00009450: e280 9920 666c 6167 2c20 616e 6420 6b65 ... flag, and ke\n-00009460: 7865 6328 3829 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 xec(8).support f\n-00009470: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e rom the operatin\n-00009480: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 6520 e280 g system, the ..\n-00009490: 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e .linux... comman\n-000094a0: 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a d will directly.\n-000094b0: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 7420 boot the target \n-000094c0: 696d 6167 652e 2020 466f 7220 7379 7374 image. For syst\n-000094d0: 656d 7320 7468 6174 206c 6163 6b20 776f ems that lack wo\n-000094e0: 726b 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 6374 6c28 rking systemctl(\n-000094f0: 3129 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 206b 1).support for k\n-00009500: 6578 6563 2c20 7061 7373 696e 6720 7468 exec, passing th\n-00009510: 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 e ...--kexec... \n-00009520: 666c 6167 2074 7769 6365 2077 696c 6c20 flag twice will \n-00009530: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 696e 766f fallback to.invo\n-00009540: 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 6563 2838 2920 6469 king kexec(8) di\n-00009550: 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 6e6f 7465 2068 6f77 rectly; note how\n-00009560: 6576 6572 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2066 ever that this f\n-00009570: 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6d61 7920 6265 0a75 allback may be.u\n-00009580: 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 7265 nsafe outside re\n-00009590: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d ad-only environm\n-000095a0: 656e 7473 2c20 6173 2069 7420 646f 6573 ents, as it does\n-000095b0: 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 6f6b 6520 7368 7574 not invoke shut\n-000095c0: 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 6869 6e65 7279 2e0a down.machinery..\n-000095d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000095e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6861 696e fo, Node: Chain\n-000095f0: 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a -loading, Prev:\n-00009600: 204b 6578 6563 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e Kexec, Up: Gen\n-00009610: 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 eral boot method\n-00009620: 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 2043 6861 696e 2d6c s..5.1.3 Chain-l\n-00009630: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 4f53 0a2d 2d2d oading an OS.---\n-00009640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 6572 6174 696e ------..Operatin\n-00009660: 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 2064 g systems that d\n-00009670: 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 4d75 o not support Mu\n-00009680: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 646f 206e ltiboot and do n\n-00009690: 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 ot have specific\n-000096a0: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2069 6e20 4752 5542 .support in GRUB\n-000096b0: 2028 7370 6563 6966 6963 2073 7570 706f (specific suppo\n-000096c0: 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 rt is available \n-000096d0: 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 6542 for Linux, FreeB\n-000096e0: 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 204f SD,.NetBSD and O\n-000096f0: 7065 6e42 5344 2920 6d75 7374 2062 6520 penBSD) must be \n-00009700: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 7768 chain-loaded, wh\n-00009710: 6963 6820 696e 766f 6c76 6573 206c 6f61 ich involves loa\n-00009720: 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f ding another.boo\n-00009730: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 206a 756d t loader and jum\n-00009740: 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 6974 2069 6e20 7265 ping to it in re\n-00009750: 616c 206d 6f64 6520 6f72 2076 6961 2074 al mode or via t\n-00009760: 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 he firmware... \n-00009770: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 The ...chainloa\n-00009780: 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 der... command (\n-00009790: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 *note chainloade\n-000097a0: 723a 3a29 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 r::) is used to \n-000097b0: 7365 7420 7468 6973 0a75 702e 2020 4974 set this.up. It\n-000097c0: 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 is normally als\n-000097d0: 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 206c o necessary to l\n-000097e0: 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 2047 5255 4220 6d6f oad some GRUB mo\n-000097f0: 6475 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 dules and set th\n-00009800: 650a 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 726f e.appropriate ro\n-00009810: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5075 7474 ot device. Putt\n-00009820: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 6865 ing this togethe\n-00009830: 722c 2077 6520 6765 7420 736f 6d65 7468 r, we get someth\n-00009840: 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 732c 2066 ing like.this, f\n-00009850: 6f72 2061 2057 696e 646f 7773 2073 7973 or a Windows sys\n-00009860: 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 tem on the first\n-00009870: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 partition of th\n-00009880: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 0a64 6973 e first hard.dis\n-00009890: 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2257 k:..menuentry \"W\n-000098a0: 696e 646f 7773 2220 7b0a 0969 6e73 6d6f indows\" {..insmo\n-000098b0: 6420 6368 6169 6e0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 d chain..insmod \n-000098c0: 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 ntfs..set root=(\n-000098d0: 6864 302c 3129 0a09 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 hd0,1)..chainloa\n-000098e0: 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 der +1.}.. On \n-000098f0: 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 206d 756c systems with mul\n-00009900: 7469 706c 6520 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b73 tiple hard disks\n-00009910: 2c20 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 , an additional \n-00009920: 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 206d 6179 2062 workaround may b\n-00009930: 650a 7265 7175 6972 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f e.required. *No\n-00009940: 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 3a3a te DOS/Windows::\n-00009950: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 ... Chain-load\n-00009960: 696e 6720 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 ing is only supp\n-00009970: 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 orted on PC BIOS\n-00009980: 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 and EFI platfor\n-00009990: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n-000099a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c b.info, Node: L\n-000099b0: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c oopback booting,\n-000099c0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 Next: LVM cach\n-000099d0: 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 e booting, Prev\n-000099e0: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d : General boot m\n-000099f0: 6574 686f 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f ethods, Up: Boo\n-00009a00: 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3220 4c6f 6f70 6261 ting..5.2 Loopba\n-00009a10: 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ck booting.=====\n-00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00009a30: 0a47 5255 4220 6973 2061 626c 6520 746f .GRUB is able to\n-00009a40: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 696d read from an im\n-00009a50: 6167 6520 2862 6520 6974 206f 6e65 206f age (be it one o\n-00009a60: 6620 4344 206f 7220 4844 4429 2073 746f f CD or HDD) sto\n-00009a70: 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 6974 red on.any of it\n-00009a80: 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 746f s accessible sto\n-00009a90: 7261 6765 7320 2872 6566 6572 2074 6f20 rages (refer to \n-00009aa0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a3a *note loopback::\n-00009ab0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 292e 0a48 6f77 6576 command)..Howev\n-00009ac0: 6572 2074 6865 204f 5320 6974 7365 6c66 er the OS itself\n-00009ad0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 should be able \n-00009ae0: 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 726f 6f74 to find its root\n-00009af0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a . This usually.\n-00009b00: 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 involves running\n-00009b10: 2061 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2070 726f a userspace pro\n-00009b20: 6772 616d 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2062 6566 gram running bef\n-00009b30: 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7265 616c 2072 6f6f ore the real roo\n-00009b40: 7420 6973 0a64 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e t is.discovered.\n-00009b50: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 This is achiev\n-00009b60: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 206c 6f61 6469 ed by GRUB loadi\n-00009b70: 6e67 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 6c79 206d ng a specially m\n-00009b80: 6164 6520 736d 616c 6c0a 696d 6167 6520 ade small.image \n-00009b90: 616e 6420 7061 7373 696e 6720 6974 2061 and passing it a\n-00009ba0: 7320 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 746f 2074 6865 s ramdisk to the\n-00009bb0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 kernel. This i\n-00009bc0: 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 790a 636f s achieved by.co\n-00009bd0: 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 mmands ...kfreeb\n-00009be0: 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 sd_module..., ..\n-00009bf0: 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f .knetbsd_module_\n-00009c00: 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6f70 656e elf..., ...kopen\n-00009c10: 6273 645f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2c0a bsd_ramdisk...,.\n-00009c20: e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e ...initrd... (*n\n-00009c30: 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c 20e2 ote initrd::), .\n-00009c40: 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 9920 282a ..initrd16... (*\n-00009c50: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 note initrd16::)\n-00009c60: 2c0a e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 5f6d ,....multiboot_m\n-00009c70: 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 756c odule..., ...mul\n-00009c80: 7469 626f 6f74 325f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 tiboot2_module..\n-00009c90: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 . or ...xnu_ramd\n-00009ca0: 6973 6be2 8099 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 isk... depending\n-00009cb0: 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 on.the loader. \n-00009cc0: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2066 6f72 206b Note that for k\n-00009cd0: 6e65 7462 7364 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 netbsd the image\n-00009ce0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2070 7574 2069 6e73 must be put ins\n-00009cf0: 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f ide.miniroot.kmo\n-00009d00: 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 d and the whole \n-00009d10: 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 6861 miniroot.kmod ha\n-00009d20: 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 s to be loaded. \n-00009d30: 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 0a70 6179 In kopenbsd.pay\n-00009d40: 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 7320 6973 2064 6973 load this is dis\n-00009d50: 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 abled by default\n-00009d60: 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c . Additionally,\n-00009d70: 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 696e behaviour of in\n-00009d80: 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6465 itial.ramdisk de\n-00009d90: 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 pends on command\n-00009da0: 206c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 line options. \n-00009db0: 5365 7665 7261 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 Several distribu\n-00009dc0: 746f 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 0a74 6865 tors provide.the\n-00009dd0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 image for this \n-00009de0: 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6f72 2069 7427 7320 purpose or it's \n-00009df0: 696e 7465 6772 6174 6564 2069 6e20 7468 integrated in th\n-00009e00: 6569 7220 7374 616e 6461 7264 2072 616d eir standard ram\n-00009e10: 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 2061 6374 6976 6174 disk.and activat\n-00009e20: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6f70 ed by special op\n-00009e30: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2079 tion. Consult y\n-00009e40: 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2064 our kernel and d\n-00009e50: 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e0a 6d61 6e75 istribution.manu\n-00009e60: 616c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 al for more deta\n-00009e70: 696c 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6c6f 6164 ils. Other load\n-00009e80: 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6170 706c ers like ...appl\n-00009e90: 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2c0a e280 9863 eloader...,....c\n-00009ea0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2842 hainloader... (B\n-00009eb0: 494f 532c 2045 4649 2c20 636f 7265 626f IOS, EFI, corebo\n-00009ec0: 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 ot), ...freedos.\n-00009ed0: 8099 2c20 e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 992c .., ...ntldr...,\n-00009ee0: 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 2061 6e64 ...plan9... and\n-00009ef0: 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 ....truecrypt...\n-00009f00: 2070 726f 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f 7373 provide no poss\n-00009f10: 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 ibility of loadi\n-00009f20: 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 ng initial ramdi\n-00009f30: 736b 2061 6e64 2061 7320 6661 720a 6173 sk and as far.as\n-00009f40: 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 7265 author is aware\n-00009f50: 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 696e the payloads in\n-00009f60: 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 question don't \n-00009f70: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 2069 support either i\n-00009f80: 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 616d 6469 736b 206f nitial.ramdisk o\n-00009f90: 7220 6469 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 6c6f r discovering lo\n-00009fa0: 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206f opback boot in o\n-00009fb0: 7468 6572 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 7320 ther way and as \n-00009fc0: 7375 6368 206e 6f74 0a62 6f6f 7461 626c such not.bootabl\n-00009fd0: 6520 7468 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 e this way. Ple\n-00009fe0: 6173 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 2061 6c74 ase consider alt\n-00009ff0: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 ernative boot me\n-0000a000: 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 0a63 6f70 7969 thods like.copyi\n-0000a010: 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f ng all files fro\n-0000a020: 6d20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2061 m the image to a\n-0000a030: 6374 7561 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e ctual partition.\n-0000a040: 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 204f Consult your O\n-0000a050: 530a 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 S.documentation \n-0000a060: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 for more details\n-0000a070: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0000a080: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 564d info, Node: LVM\n-0000a090: 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 cache booting, \n-0000a0a0: 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Next: OS-specif\n-0000a0b0: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a ic notes, Prev:\n-0000a0c0: 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e Loopback bootin\n-0000a0d0: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a g, Up: Booting.\n-0000a0e0: 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f .5.3 Booting fro\n-0000a0f0: 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 m LVM cache logi\n-0000a100: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d cal volume.=====\n+000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000090c0: 2d0a 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2028 2a6e -..Multiboot (*n\n+000090d0: 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 ote Multiboot Sp\n+000090e0: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 ecification: (mu\n+000090f0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 2920 6973 ltiboot)Top.) is\n+00009100: 2074 6865 206e 6174 6976 650a 666f 726d the native.form\n+00009110: 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 at supported by \n+00009120: 4752 5542 2e20 466f 7220 7468 6520 7361 GRUB. For the sa\n+00009130: 6b65 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 ke of convenienc\n+00009140: 652c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f e, there is also\n+00009150: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 204c 696e .support for Lin\n+00009160: 7578 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 ux, FreeBSD, Net\n+00009170: 4253 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 442e BSD and OpenBSD.\n+00009180: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 If you want to \n+00009190: 626f 6f74 0a6f 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 boot.other opera\n+000091a0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 796f ting systems, yo\n+000091b0: 7520 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 746f 2063 u will have to c\n+000091c0: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2028 hain-load them (\n+000091d0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 *note.Chain-load\n+000091e0: 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4649 584d ing::)... FIXM\n+000091f0: 453a 2074 6869 7320 7365 6374 696f 6e20 E: this section \n+00009200: 6973 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 652e 0a0a is incomplete...\n+00009210: 2020 312e 2052 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 1. Run the com\n+00009220: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 mand ...boot... \n+00009230: 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a (*note boot::)..\n+00009240: 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2044 4f53 . However, DOS\n+00009250: 2061 6e64 2057 696e 646f 7773 2068 6176 and Windows hav\n+00009260: 6520 736f 6d65 2064 6566 6963 6965 6e63 e some deficienc\n+00009270: 6965 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 ies, so you migh\n+00009280: 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 6d6f t have to.use mo\n+00009290: 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 6564 2069 re complicated i\n+000092a0: 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e nstructions. *N\n+000092b0: 6f74 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a ote DOS/Windows:\n+000092c0: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f :, for more.info\n+000092d0: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rmation.....File\n+000092e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000092f0: 6465 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 4e65 7874 de: Kexec, Next\n+00009300: 3a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 672c : Chain-loading,\n+00009310: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 Prev: Loading \n+00009320: 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 an operating sys\n+00009330: 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 2055 tem directly, U\n+00009340: 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 p: General boot \n+00009350: 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e32 204b methods..5.1.2 K\n+00009360: 6578 6563 2077 6974 6820 6772 7562 322d exec with grub2-\n+00009370: 656d 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d emu.------------\n+00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00009390: 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 7275 6e20 GRUB can be run \n+000093a0: 696e 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2062 7920 in userspace by \n+000093b0: 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 2067 7275 invoking the gru\n+000093c0: 6232 2d65 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e 2020 4974 b2-emu tool. It\n+000093d0: 2077 696c 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 6c6c 2063 will.read all c\n+000093e0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 6372 onfiguration scr\n+000093f0: 6970 7473 2061 7320 6966 2062 6f6f 7469 ipts as if booti\n+00009400: 6e67 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 2873 6565 ng directly (see\n+00009410: 202a 6e6f 7465 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 0a61 *note Loading.a\n+00009420: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 n operating syst\n+00009430: 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a29 2e20 em directly::). \n+00009440: 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b With the ...--k\n+00009450: 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2c20 616e exec... flag, an\n+00009460: 6420 6b65 7865 6328 3829 0a73 7570 706f d kexec(8).suppo\n+00009470: 7274 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f70 6572 rt from the oper\n+00009480: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 ating system, th\n+00009490: 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f e ...linux... co\n+000094a0: 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 mmand will direc\n+000094b0: 746c 790a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2074 6172 tly.boot the tar\n+000094c0: 6765 7420 696d 6167 652e 2020 466f 7220 get image. For \n+000094d0: 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 206c 6163 systems that lac\n+000094e0: 6b20 776f 726b 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d k working system\n+000094f0: 6374 6c28 3129 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 ctl(1).support f\n+00009500: 6f72 206b 6578 6563 2c20 7061 7373 696e or kexec, passin\n+00009510: 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 g the ...--kexec\n+00009520: e280 9920 666c 6167 2074 7769 6365 2077 ... flag twice w\n+00009530: 696c 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a ill fallback to.\n+00009540: 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 6563 2838 invoking kexec(8\n+00009550: 2920 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 6e6f 7465 ) directly; note\n+00009560: 2068 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6861 7420 7468 however that th\n+00009570: 6973 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6d61 7920 is fallback may \n+00009580: 6265 0a75 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 7473 6964 be.unsafe outsid\n+00009590: 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 656e 7669 e read-only envi\n+000095a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 6173 2069 7420 ronments, as it \n+000095b0: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 6f6b 6520 does not invoke \n+000095c0: 7368 7574 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 6869 6e65 shutdown.machine\n+000095d0: 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ry.....File: gru\n+000095e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 b.info, Node: C\n+000095f0: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 hain-loading, P\n+00009600: 7265 763a 204b 6578 6563 2c20 2055 703a rev: Kexec, Up:\n+00009610: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 General boot me\n+00009620: 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 2043 6861 thods..5.1.3 Cha\n+00009630: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 4f53 in-loading an OS\n+00009640: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 6572 ----------..Oper\n+00009660: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 ating systems th\n+00009670: 6174 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 6f72 at do not suppor\n+00009680: 7420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 t Multiboot and \n+00009690: 646f 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 do not have spec\n+000096a0: 6966 6963 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2069 6e20 ific.support in \n+000096b0: 4752 5542 2028 7370 6563 6966 6963 2073 GRUB (specific s\n+000096c0: 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 upport is availa\n+000096d0: 626c 6520 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 ble for Linux, F\n+000096e0: 7265 6542 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 5344 2061 reeBSD,.NetBSD a\n+000096f0: 6e64 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2920 6d75 7374 nd OpenBSD) must\n+00009700: 2062 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 be chain-loaded\n+00009710: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 696e 766f 6c76 6573 , which involves\n+00009720: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 loading another\n+00009730: 0a62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 .boot loader and\n+00009740: 206a 756d 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 6974 2069 jumping to it i\n+00009750: 6e20 7265 616c 206d 6f64 6520 6f72 2076 n real mode or v\n+00009760: 6961 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e ia the firmware.\n+00009770: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 .. The ...chai\n+00009780: 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 nloader... comma\n+00009790: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6169 6e6c nd (*note chainl\n+000097a0: 6f61 6465 723a 3a29 2069 7320 7573 6564 oader::) is used\n+000097b0: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6973 0a75 702e to set this.up.\n+000097c0: 2020 4974 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 It is normally\n+000097d0: 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 also necessary \n+000097e0: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 2047 5255 to load some GRU\n+000097f0: 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7365 B modules and se\n+00009800: 7420 7468 650a 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 t the.appropriat\n+00009810: 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 e root device. \n+00009820: 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 Putting this tog\n+00009830: 6574 6865 722c 2077 6520 6765 7420 736f ether, we get so\n+00009840: 6d65 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 mething like.thi\n+00009850: 732c 2066 6f72 2061 2057 696e 646f 7773 s, for a Windows\n+00009860: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 system on the f\n+00009870: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f irst partition o\n+00009880: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 f the first hard\n+00009890: 0a64 6973 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 .disk:..menuentr\n+000098a0: 7920 2257 696e 646f 7773 2220 7b0a 0969 y \"Windows\" {..i\n+000098b0: 6e73 6d6f 6420 6368 6169 6e0a 0969 6e73 nsmod chain..ins\n+000098c0: 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 7420 726f mod ntfs..set ro\n+000098d0: 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a09 6368 6169 ot=(hd0,1)..chai\n+000098e0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d 0a0a 2020 nloader +1.}.. \n+000098f0: 204f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 On systems with\n+00009900: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6861 7264 2064 multiple hard d\n+00009910: 6973 6b73 2c20 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f isks, an additio\n+00009920: 6e61 6c20 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 206d nal workaround m\n+00009930: 6179 2062 650a 7265 7175 6972 6564 2e20 ay be.required. \n+00009940: 202a 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f *Note DOS/Windo\n+00009950: 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e2d ws::... Chain-\n+00009960: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 loading is only \n+00009970: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 supported on PC \n+00009980: 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2070 6c61 BIOS and EFI pla\n+00009990: 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a tforms.....File:\n+000099a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000099b0: 653a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 e: Loopback boot\n+000099c0: 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c56 4d20 ing, Next: LVM \n+000099d0: 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 cache booting, \n+000099e0: 5072 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f Prev: General bo\n+000099f0: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 2055 703a ot methods, Up:\n+00009a00: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3220 4c6f Booting..5.2 Lo\n+00009a10: 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a3d opback booting.=\n+00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00009a30: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6973 2061 626c ===..GRUB is abl\n+00009a40: 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 e to read from a\n+00009a50: 6e20 696d 6167 6520 2862 6520 6974 206f n image (be it o\n+00009a60: 6e65 206f 6620 4344 206f 7220 4844 4429 ne of CD or HDD)\n+00009a70: 2073 746f 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 6e79 206f stored on.any o\n+00009a80: 6620 6974 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 f its accessible\n+00009a90: 2073 746f 7261 6765 7320 2872 6566 6572 storages (refer\n+00009aa0: 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 to *note loopba\n+00009ab0: 636b 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 292e 0a48 ck:: command)..H\n+00009ac0: 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6865 204f 5320 6974 owever the OS it\n+00009ad0: 7365 6c66 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 self should be a\n+00009ae0: 626c 6520 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 ble to find its \n+00009af0: 726f 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7573 7561 root. This usua\n+00009b00: 6c6c 790a 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2072 756e lly.involves run\n+00009b10: 6e69 6e67 2061 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 ning a userspace\n+00009b20: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 program running\n+00009b30: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7265 616c before the real\n+00009b40: 2072 6f6f 7420 6973 0a64 6973 636f 7665 root is.discove\n+00009b50: 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 red. This is ac\n+00009b60: 6869 6576 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 206c hieved by GRUB l\n+00009b70: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c oading a special\n+00009b80: 6c79 206d 6164 6520 736d 616c 6c0a 696d ly made small.im\n+00009b90: 6167 6520 616e 6420 7061 7373 696e 6720 age and passing \n+00009ba0: 6974 2061 7320 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 746f it as ramdisk to\n+00009bb0: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5468 the kernel. Th\n+00009bc0: 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 is is achieved b\n+00009bd0: 790a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 6b66 y.commands ...kf\n+00009be0: 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 reebsd_module...\n+00009bf0: 2c20 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 , ...knetbsd_mod\n+00009c00: 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b ule_elf..., ...k\n+00009c10: 6f70 656e 6273 645f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 openbsd_ramdisk.\n+00009c20: 8099 2c0a e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 ..,....initrd...\n+00009c30: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a (*note initrd::\n+00009c40: 292c 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 ), ...initrd16..\n+00009c50: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 6431 . (*note initrd1\n+00009c60: 363a 3a29 2c0a e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6::),....multibo\n+00009c70: 6f74 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 ot_module..., ..\n+00009c80: 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 325f 6d6f 6475 .multiboot2_modu\n+00009c90: 6c65 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 786e 755f le... or ...xnu_\n+00009ca0: 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2064 6570 656e ramdisk... depen\n+00009cb0: 6469 6e67 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 ding on.the load\n+00009cc0: 6572 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2066 er. Note that f\n+00009cd0: 6f72 206b 6e65 7462 7364 2074 6865 2069 or knetbsd the i\n+00009ce0: 6d61 6765 206d 7573 7420 6265 2070 7574 mage must be put\n+00009cf0: 2069 6e73 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 inside.miniroot\n+00009d00: 2e6b 6d6f 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 .kmod and the wh\n+00009d10: 6f6c 6520 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f ole miniroot.kmo\n+00009d20: 6420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 d has to be load\n+00009d30: 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 ed. In kopenbsd\n+00009d40: 0a70 6179 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 7320 6973 .payload this is\n+00009d50: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 disabled by def\n+00009d60: 6175 6c74 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 ault. Additiona\n+00009d70: 6c6c 792c 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f lly, behaviour o\n+00009d80: 6620 696e 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 6d64 6973 f initial.ramdis\n+00009d90: 6b20 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2063 6f6d k depends on com\n+00009da0: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e mand line option\n+00009db0: 732e 2020 5365 7665 7261 6c20 6469 7374 s. Several dist\n+00009dc0: 7269 6275 746f 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 ributors provide\n+00009dd0: 0a74 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2074 .the image for t\n+00009de0: 6869 7320 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6f72 2069 his purpose or i\n+00009df0: 7427 7320 696e 7465 6772 6174 6564 2069 t's integrated i\n+00009e00: 6e20 7468 6569 7220 7374 616e 6461 7264 n their standard\n+00009e10: 2072 616d 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 2061 6374 ramdisk.and act\n+00009e20: 6976 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6563 6961 ivated by specia\n+00009e30: 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 l option. Consu\n+00009e40: 6c74 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2061 lt your kernel a\n+00009e50: 6e64 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e0a nd distribution.\n+00009e60: 6d61 6e75 616c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 manual for more \n+00009e70: 6465 7461 696c 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 details. Other \n+00009e80: 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 loaders like ...\n+00009e90: 6170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2c0a appleloader...,.\n+00009ea0: e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 ...chainloader..\n+00009eb0: 9920 2842 494f 532c 2045 4649 2c20 636f . (BIOS, EFI, co\n+00009ec0: 7265 626f 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 6672 6565 reboot), ...free\n+00009ed0: 646f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e 746c 6472 dos..., ...ntldr\n+00009ee0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 ..., ...plan9...\n+00009ef0: 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 and....truecryp\n+00009f00: 74e2 8099 2070 726f 7669 6465 206e 6f20 t... provide no \n+00009f10: 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 206c possibility of l\n+00009f20: 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2072 oading initial r\n+00009f30: 616d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2061 7320 6661 amdisk and as fa\n+00009f40: 720a 6173 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 2061 r.as author is a\n+00009f50: 7761 7265 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 ware the payload\n+00009f60: 7320 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 646f s in question do\n+00009f70: 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6569 7468 n't support eith\n+00009f80: 6572 2069 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 616d 6469 er initial.ramdi\n+00009f90: 736b 206f 7220 6469 7363 6f76 6572 696e sk or discoverin\n+00009fa0: 6720 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7420 g loopback boot \n+00009fb0: 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 2061 6e64 in other way and\n+00009fc0: 2061 7320 7375 6368 206e 6f74 0a62 6f6f as such not.boo\n+00009fd0: 7461 626c 6520 7468 6973 2077 6179 2e20 table this way. \n+00009fe0: 2050 6c65 6173 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 Please consider\n+00009ff0: 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2062 6f6f alternative boo\n+0000a000: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 0a63 t methods like.c\n+0000a010: 6f70 7969 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 opying all files\n+0000a020: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 from the image \n+0000a030: 746f 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7061 7274 6974 to actual partit\n+0000a040: 696f 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f ion. Consult yo\n+0000a050: 7572 204f 530a 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 ur OS.documentat\n+0000a060: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 ion for more det\n+0000a070: 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ails.....File: g\n+0000a080: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0000a090: 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 LVM cache booti\n+0000a0a0: 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 ng, Next: OS-sp\n+0000a0b0: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 ecific notes, P\n+0000a0c0: 7265 763a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f rev: Loopback bo\n+0000a0d0: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 oting, Up: Boot\n+0000a0e0: 696e 670a 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 ing..5.3 Booting\n+0000a0f0: 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 from LVM cache \n+0000a100: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a3d logical volume.=\n 0000a110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0000a120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 ====..The LVM ca\n-0000a140: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n-0000a150: 6d65 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 me is the logica\n-0000a160: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 l volume consist\n-0000a170: 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 0a6f 7269 6769 ing of the.origi\n-0000a180: 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6361 6368 nal and the cach\n-0000a190: 6520 706f 6f6c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 e pool logical v\n-0000a1a0: 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6f72 6967 olume. The orig\n-0000a1b0: 696e 616c 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 inal is usually \n-0000a1c0: 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 6765 7220 616e 6420 on.a larger and \n-0000a1d0: 736c 6f77 6572 2073 746f 7261 6765 2064 slower storage d\n-0000a1e0: 6576 6963 6520 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 evice while the \n-0000a1f0: 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2069 7320 6f6e cache pool is on\n-0000a200: 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 6572 0a61 6e64 2066 a smaller.and f\n-0000a210: 6173 7465 7220 6f6e 652e 2020 5468 6520 aster one. The \n-0000a220: 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 performance of t\n-0000a230: 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 766f 6c75 he original volu\n-0000a240: 6d65 2063 616e 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 me can be improv\n-0000a250: 6564 0a62 7920 7374 6f72 696e 6720 7468 ed.by storing th\n-0000a260: 6520 6672 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 e frequently use\n-0000a270: 6420 6461 7461 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 d data on the ca\n-0000a280: 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2074 6f20 7574 696c che pool to util\n-0000a290: 697a 6520 7468 650a 6772 6561 7465 7220 ize the.greater \n-0000a2a0: 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2066 performance of f\n-0000a2b0: 6173 7465 7220 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 aster device... \n-0000a2c0: 2020 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f GRUB boots fro\n-0000a2d0: 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 m LVM cache logi\n-0000a2e0: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 206d 6572 656c cal volume merel\n-0000a2f0: 7920 6279 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 7427 y by reading it'\n-0000a300: 730a 6f72 6967 696e 616c 206c 6f67 6963 s.original logic\n-0000a310: 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 736f 2074 6861 al volume so tha\n-0000a320: 7420 6469 7274 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 t dirty data in \n-0000a330: 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2076 6f6c 756d cache pool volum\n-0000a340: 6520 6973 0a64 6973 7265 6761 7264 6564 e is.disregarded\n-0000a350: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 . This is not a\n-0000a360: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2066 6f72 2022 7772 problem for \"wr\n-0000a370: 6974 6574 6872 6f75 6768 2220 6361 6368 itethrough\" cach\n-0000a380: 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 6974 0a65 6e73 e mode as it.ens\n-0000a390: 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 616e 7920 6461 ures that any da\n-0000a3a0: 7461 2077 7269 7474 656e 2077 696c 6c20 ta written will \n-0000a3b0: 6265 2073 746f 7265 6420 626f 7468 206f be stored both o\n-0000a3c0: 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 616e 6420 n the cache and \n-0000a3d0: 7468 650a 6f72 6967 696e 204c 562e 2046 the.origin LV. F\n-0000a3e0: 6f72 2074 6865 206f 7468 6572 2063 6163 or the other cac\n-0000a3f0: 6865 206d 6f64 6520 2277 7269 7465 6261 he mode \"writeba\n-0000a400: 636b 222c 2077 6869 6368 2064 656c 6179 ck\", which delay\n-0000a410: 7320 7772 6974 696e 670a 6672 6f6d 2074 s writing.from t\n-0000a420: 6865 2063 6163 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 6261 he cache pool ba\n-0000a430: 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e ck to the origin\n-0000a440: 204c 5620 746f 2062 6f6f 7374 2070 6572 LV to boost per\n-0000a450: 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 4752 5542 206d formance, GRUB m\n-0000a460: 6179 0a66 6169 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 ay.fail to boot \n-0000a470: 696e 2074 6865 2077 616b 6520 6f66 2061 in the wake of a\n-0000a480: 6363 6964 656e 7461 6c20 706f 7765 7220 ccidental power \n-0000a490: 6f75 7461 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6974 outage due to it\n-0000a4a0: 2773 0a69 6e61 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 's.inability to \n-0000a4b0: 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 2074 6865 2063 6163 assemble the cac\n-0000a4c0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 666f 7220 7265 he device for re\n-0000a4d0: 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 ading the requir\n-0000a4e0: 6564 2064 6972 7479 0a64 6174 6120 6c65 ed dirty.data le\n-0000a4f0: 6674 2062 6568 696e 642e 2020 5468 6520 ft behind. The \n-0000a500: 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 situation will b\n-0000a510: 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2061 6674 6572 e improved after\n-0000a520: 2061 6464 696e 6720 6675 6c6c 0a73 7570 adding full.sup\n-0000a530: 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c56 4d20 port to the LVM \n-0000a540: 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f cache logical vo\n-0000a550: 6c75 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 lume in the futu\n-0000a560: 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 re.....File: gru\n-0000a570: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f b.info, Node: O\n-0000a580: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n-0000a590: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 564d 2063 6163 , Prev: LVM cac\n-0000a5a0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a he booting, Up:\n-0000a5b0: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3420 536f Booting..5.4 So\n-0000a5c0: 6d65 2063 6176 6561 7473 206f 6e20 4f53 me caveats on OS\n-0000a5d0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 6573 -specific issues\n-0000a5e0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4c56 ========..The LV\n+0000a140: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n+0000a150: 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c6f volume is the lo\n+0000a160: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 6f6e gical volume con\n+0000a170: 7369 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 0a6f sisting of the.o\n+0000a180: 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 riginal and the \n+0000a190: 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 206c 6f67 6963 cache pool logic\n+0000a1a0: 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 5468 6520 al volume. The \n+0000a1b0: 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2069 7320 7573 7561 original is usua\n+0000a1c0: 6c6c 7920 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 6765 7220 lly on.a larger \n+0000a1d0: 616e 6420 736c 6f77 6572 2073 746f 7261 and slower stora\n+0000a1e0: 6765 2064 6576 6963 6520 7768 696c 6520 ge device while \n+0000a1f0: 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2069 the cache pool i\n+0000a200: 7320 6f6e 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 6572 0a61 s on a smaller.a\n+0000a210: 6e64 2066 6173 7465 7220 6f6e 652e 2020 nd faster one. \n+0000a220: 5468 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 The performance \n+0000a230: 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 of the original \n+0000a240: 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 616e 2062 6520 696d volume can be im\n+0000a250: 7072 6f76 6564 0a62 7920 7374 6f72 696e proved.by storin\n+0000a260: 6720 7468 6520 6672 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 g the frequently\n+0000a270: 2075 7365 6420 6461 7461 206f 6e20 7468 used data on th\n+0000a280: 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2074 6f20 e cache pool to \n+0000a290: 7574 696c 697a 6520 7468 650a 6772 6561 utilize the.grea\n+0000a2a0: 7465 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 ter performance \n+0000a2b0: 6f66 2066 6173 7465 7220 6465 7669 6365 of faster device\n+0000a2c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 ... GRUB boots\n+0000a2d0: 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 from LVM cache \n+0000a2e0: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 206d logical volume m\n+0000a2f0: 6572 656c 7920 6279 2072 6561 6469 6e67 erely by reading\n+0000a300: 2069 7427 730a 6f72 6967 696e 616c 206c it's.original l\n+0000a310: 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 736f ogical volume so\n+0000a320: 2074 6861 7420 6469 7274 7920 6461 7461 that dirty data\n+0000a330: 2069 6e20 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2076 in cache pool v\n+0000a340: 6f6c 756d 6520 6973 0a64 6973 7265 6761 olume is.disrega\n+0000a350: 7264 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e rded. 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But do not\n-0000a760: 2066 6f72 6765 7420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 forget that you\n-0000a770: 2068 6176 6520 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 have to specify\n-0000a780: 2061 0a72 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f a.root partitio\n-0000a790: 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e n to the kernel.\n-0000a7a0: 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 .. 1. Set GRUB'\n-0000a7b0: 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f s root device to\n-0000a7c0: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 the same drive \n-0000a7d0: 6173 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6427 732e 2020 as GNU/Hurd's. \n-0000a7e0: 5468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 The. command\n-0000a7f0: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 ...search --set\n-0000a800: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 202f 626f =root --file /bo\n-0000a810: 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7ae2 8099 ot/gnumach.gz...\n-0000a820: 206f 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 790a or similar may.\n-0000a830: 2020 2020 2068 656c 7020 796f 7520 282a help you (*\n-0000a840: 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a note search::)..\n-0000a850: 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b . 2. Load the k\n-0000a860: 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6d6f ernel and the mo\n-0000a870: 6475 6c65 732c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 dules, like this\n-0000a880: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-0000a890: 623e 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 202f 626f b> multiboot /bo\n-0000a8a0: 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7a20 726f ot/gnumach.gz ro\n-0000a8b0: 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 653a 6864 3073 310a ot=device:hd0s1.\n-0000a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n-0000a8d0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 2f68 7572 642f 6578 module /hurd/ex\n-0000a8e0: 7432 6673 2e73 7461 7469 6320 6578 7432 t2fs.static ext2\n-0000a8f0: 6673 202d 2d72 6561 646f 6e6c 7920 5c0a fs --readonly \\.\n-0000a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d6d --m\n-0000a920: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ultiboot-command\n-0000a930: 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 7b6b 6572 6e65 6c2d -line='${kernel-\n-0000a940: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 7d27 205c command-line}' \\\n-0000a950: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d --\n-0000a970: 686f 7374 2d70 7269 762d 706f 7274 3d27 host-priv-port='\n-0000a980: 247b 686f 7374 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a ${host-port}' \\.\n-0000a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d64 --d\n-0000a9b0: 6576 6963 652d 6d61 7374 6572 2d70 6f72 evice-master-por\n-0000a9c0: 743d 2724 7b64 6576 6963 652d 706f 7274 t='${device-port\n-0000a9d0: 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 }' \\. \n+0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 6572 ===========..Her\n+0000a610: 652c 2077 6520 6465 7363 7269 6265 2073 e, we describe s\n+0000a620: 6f6d 6520 6361 7665 6174 7320 6f6e 2073 ome caveats on s\n+0000a630: 6576 6572 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 everal operating\n+0000a640: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e systems...* Men\n+0000a650: 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 552f 4875 7264 3a3a u:..* GNU/Hurd::\n+0000a660: 0a2a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a2a .* GNU/Linux::.*\n+0000a670: 204e 6574 4253 443a 3a0a 2a20 444f 532f NetBSD::.* DOS/\n+0000a680: 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c Windows::....Fil\n+0000a690: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0000a6a0: 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 ode: GNU/Hurd, \n+0000a6b0: 4e65 7874 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c Next: GNU/Linux,\n+0000a6c0: 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Up: OS-specifi\n+0000a6d0: 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e31 2047 c notes..5.4.1 G\n+0000a6e0: 4e55 2f48 7572 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d NU/Hurd.--------\n+0000a6f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5369 6e63 6520 474e ------..Since GN\n+0000a700: 552f 4875 7264 2069 7320 4d75 6c74 6962 U/Hurd is Multib\n+0000a710: 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 742c 2069 oot-compliant, i\n+0000a720: 7420 6973 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f t is easy to boo\n+0000a730: 7420 6974 3b20 7468 6572 6520 6973 0a6e t it; there is.n\n+0000a740: 6f74 6869 6e67 2073 7065 6369 616c 2061 othing special a\n+0000a750: 626f 7574 2069 742e 2020 4275 7420 646f bout it. 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The. com\n+0000a7f0: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d mand ...search -\n+0000a800: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 -set=root --file\n+0000a810: 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 /boot/gnumach.g\n+0000a820: 7ae2 8099 206f 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 z... or similar \n+0000a830: 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2068 656c 7020 796f may. help yo\n+0000a840: 7520 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a u (*note search:\n+0000a850: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 :)... 2. Load t\n+0000a860: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 he kernel and th\n+0000a870: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 206c 696b 6520 e modules, like \n+0000a880: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n+0000a890: 2067 7275 623e 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 grub> multiboot\n+0000a8a0: 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 /boot/gnumach.g\n+0000a8b0: 7a20 726f 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 653a 6864 z root=device:hd\n+0000a8c0: 3073 310a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 0s1. gr\n+0000a8d0: 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 2f68 7572 ub> module /hur\n+0000a8e0: 642f 6578 7432 6673 2e73 7461 7469 6320 d/ext2fs.static \n+0000a8f0: 6578 7432 6673 202d 2d72 6561 646f 6e6c ext2fs --readonl\n+0000a900: 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y \\. \n+0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a920: 202d 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d --multiboot-com\n+0000a930: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 7b6b 6572 mand-line='${ker\n+0000a940: 6e65 6c2d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 nel-command-line\n+0000a950: 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 }' \\. \n+0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a970: 2020 2d2d 686f 7374 2d70 7269 762d 706f --host-priv-po\n+0000a980: 7274 3d27 247b 686f 7374 2d70 6f72 747d rt='${host-port}\n+0000a990: 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ' \\. \n+0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a9b0: 202d 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 7374 6572 --device-master\n+0000a9c0: 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 7b64 6576 6963 652d -port='${device-\n+0000a9d0: 706f 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 port}' \\. \n 0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9f0: 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 2d73 6572 7665 722d --exec-server-\n-0000aa00: 7461 736b 3d27 247b 6578 6563 2d74 6173 task='${exec-tas\n-0000aa10: 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 7970 6564 2027 247b k}' -T typed '${\n-0000aa20: 726f 6f74 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 root}' \\. \n+0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 2d73 6572 --exec-ser\n+0000aa00: 7665 722d 7461 736b 3d27 247b 6578 6563 ver-task='${exec\n+0000aa10: 2d74 6173 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 7970 6564 -task}' -T typed\n+0000aa20: 2027 247b 726f 6f74 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 '${root}' \\. \n 0000aa30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2724 2874 6173 6b2d 6372 '$(task-cr\n-0000aa50: 6561 7465 2927 2027 2428 7461 736b 2d72 eate)' '$(task-r\n-0000aa60: 6573 756d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 esume)'. \n-0000aa70: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f grub> module /\n-0000aa80: 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 6f2e 3120 6578 6563 lib/ld.so.1 exec\n-0000aa90: 202f 6875 7264 2f65 7865 6320 2724 2865 /hurd/exec '$(e\n-0000aaa0: 7865 632d 7461 736b 3d74 6173 6b2d 6372 xec-task=task-cr\n-0000aab0: 6561 7465 2927 0a0a 2020 332e 2046 696e eate)'.. 3. Fin\n-0000aac0: 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f ally, run the co\n-0000aad0: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 mmand ...boot...\n-0000aae0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e (*note boot::).\n-0000aaf0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0000ab00: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 552f nfo, Node: GNU/\n-0000ab10: 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 Linux, Next: Ne\n-0000ab20: 7442 5344 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 tBSD, Prev: GNU\n-0000ab30: 2f48 7572 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 /Hurd, Up: OS-s\n-0000ab40: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 pecific notes..5\n-0000ab50: 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a2d .4.2 GNU/Linux.-\n-0000ab60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0000ab70: 4974 2069 7320 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 It is relatively\n-0000ab80: 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 474e easy to boot GN\n-0000ab90: 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 U/Linux from GRU\n-0000aba0: 422c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 736f B, because it so\n-0000abb0: 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 6573 656d 626c 6573 mewhat.resembles\n-0000abc0: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2061 204d 756c 7469 to boot a Multi\n-0000abd0: 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 204f boot-compliant O\n-0000abe0: 532e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 S... 1. Set GRU\n-0000abf0: 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 B's root device \n-0000ac00: 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 to the same driv\n-0000ac10: 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2773 e as GNU/Linux's\n-0000ac20: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d . The. comm\n-0000ac30: 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d and ...search --\n-0000ac40: 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d66 696c 6520 set=root --file \n-0000ac50: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a e280 9920 6f72 2073 /vmlinuz... or s\n-0000ac60: 696d 696c 6172 206d 6179 2068 656c 7020 imilar may help \n-0000ac70: 796f 750a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 you. (*note \n-0000ac80: 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 322e search::)... 2.\n-0000ac90: 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c Load the kernel\n-0000aca0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 using the comma\n-0000acb0: 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2028 nd ...linux... (\n-0000acc0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 3a0a *note linux::):.\n-0000acd0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n-0000ace0: 206c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 linux /vmlinuz \n-0000acf0: 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a root=/dev/sda1..\n-0000ad00: 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 If you need\n-0000ad10: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 736f 6d65 to specify some\n-0000ad20: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 kernel paramete\n-0000ad30: 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 2061 7070 656e 6420 rs, just append \n-0000ad40: 7468 656d 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 them to. the\n-0000ad50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 command. For e\n-0000ad60: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 6574 20e2 xample, to set .\n-0000ad70: 8098 6163 7069 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 ..acpi... to ...\n-0000ad80: 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a off..., do this:\n-0000ad90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n-0000ada0: 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a > linux /vmlinuz\n-0000adb0: 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 root=/dev/sda1 \n-0000adc0: 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 acpi=off.. S\n-0000add0: 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 ee the documenta\n-0000ade0: 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 tion in the Linu\n-0000adf0: 7820 736f 7572 6365 2074 7265 6520 666f x source tree fo\n-0000ae00: 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 r complete. \n-0000ae10: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 information on t\n-0000ae20: 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7074 he available opt\n-0000ae30: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 ions... With\n-0000ae40: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2047 5255 ...linux... GRU\n-0000ae50: 4220 7573 6573 2033 322d 6269 7420 7072 B uses 32-bit pr\n-0000ae60: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 otocol. Some BI\n-0000ae70: 4f53 2073 6572 7669 6365 7320 6c69 6b65 OS services like\n-0000ae80: 0a20 2020 2020 4150 4d20 6f72 2045 4444 . APM or EDD\n-0000ae90: 2061 7265 6e27 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c aren't availabl\n-0000aea0: 6520 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f74 e with this prot\n-0000aeb0: 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 ocol. In this c\n-0000aec0: 6173 6520 796f 750a 2020 2020 206e 6565 ase you. nee\n-0000aed0: 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 d to use ...linu\n-0000aee0: 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 x16..... \n-0000aef0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 grub> linux16 \n-0000af00: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 /vmlinuz root=/d\n-0000af10: 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 ev/sda1 acpi=off\n-0000af20: 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 .. 3. If you us\n-0000af30: 6520 616e 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2065 7865 e an initrd, exe\n-0000af40: 6375 7465 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 cute the command\n-0000af50: 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 282a ...initrd... (*\n-0000af60: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 0a20 note initrd::). \n-0000af70: 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 e280 986c 696e after ...lin\n-0000af80: 7578 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ux...:.. \n-0000af90: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 202f grub> initrd /\n-0000afa0: 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 initrd.. If \n-0000afb0: 796f 7520 7573 6564 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 you used ...linu\n-0000afc0: 7831 36e2 8099 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 x16... you need \n-0000afd0: 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 to use ...initrd\n-0000afe0: 3136 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 16...:.. \n-0000aff0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 3136 grub> initrd16\n-0000b000: 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 /initrd.. 4. F\n-0000b010: 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 inally, run the \n-0000b020: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 command ...boot.\n-0000b030: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a .. (*note boot::\n-0000b040: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-0000b050: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 .info, Node: Ne\n-0000b060: 7442 5344 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 4f53 tBSD, Next: DOS\n-0000b070: 2f57 696e 646f 7773 2c20 2050 7265 763a /Windows, Prev:\n-0000b080: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a GNU/Linux, Up:\n-0000b090: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n-0000b0a0: 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3320 4e65 7442 5344 es..5.4.3 NetBSD\n-0000b0b0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 .------------..B\n-0000b0c0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 ooting a NetBSD \n-0000b0d0: 6b65 726e 656c 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 kernel from GRUB\n-0000b0e0: 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 656c 6174 6976 is also relativ\n-0000b0f0: 656c 7920 6561 7379 3a20 6669 7273 7420 ely easy: first \n-0000b100: 7365 740a 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 set.GRUB's root \n-0000b110: 6465 7669 6365 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 device, then loa\n-0000b120: 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 d the kernel and\n-0000b130: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 616e the modules, an\n-0000b140: 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a 7275 6e20 e280 d finally.run ..\n-0000b150: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 .boot...... 1. \n-0000b160: 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 Set GRUB's root \n-0000b170: 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 device to the pa\n-0000b180: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 686f 6c64 696e 6720 rtition holding \n-0000b190: 7468 6520 4e65 7442 5344 2072 6f6f 740a the NetBSD root.\n-0000b1a0: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d file system\n-0000b1b0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 7769 . For a disk wi\n-0000b1c0: 7468 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6469 736b th a NetBSD disk\n-0000b1d0: 206c 6162 656c 2c20 7468 6973 2069 7320 label, this is \n-0000b1e0: 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 usually. the\n-0000b1f0: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n-0000b200: 2028 613a 292e 2020 496e 2074 6861 7420 (a:). In that \n-0000b210: 6361 7365 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 case, and assumi\n-0000b220: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 ng that the. \n-0000b230: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e partition is on\n-0000b240: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 the first hard \n-0000b250: 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 4752 5542 2773 disk, set GRUB's\n-0000b260: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2061 730a root device as.\n-0000b270: 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 follows:.. \n-0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 grub> i\n-0000b290: 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f62 7364 0a20 nsmod part_bsd. \n-0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 grub> s\n-0000b2b0: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 et root=(hd0,net\n-0000b2c0: 6273 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 bsd1).. For \n-0000b2d0: 6120 6469 736b 2077 6974 6820 6120 4755 a disk with a GU\n-0000b2e0: 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 ID Partition Tab\n-0000b2f0: 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2c20 616e 6420 6173 le (GPT), and as\n-0000b300: 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a suming that the.\n-0000b310: 2020 2020 204e 6574 4253 4420 726f 6f74 NetBSD root\n-0000b320: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7468 partition is th\n-0000b330: 6520 7468 6972 6420 4750 5420 7061 7274 e third GPT part\n-0000b340: 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 6973 3a0a ition, do this:.\n-0000b350: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n-0000b360: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f67 7074 insmod part_gpt\n-0000b370: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n-0000b380: 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c67 set root=(hd0,g\n-0000b390: 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 pt3).. 2. Load \n-0000b3a0: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 the kernel using\n-0000b3b0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 the command ...\n-0000b3c0: 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 knetbsd...:.. \n-0000b3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b 6e65 grub> kne\n-0000b3e0: 7462 7364 202f 6e65 7462 7364 0a0a 2020 tbsd /netbsd.. \n-0000b3f0: 2020 2056 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 696f Various optio\n-0000b400: 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 ns may be given \n-0000b410: 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 to ...knetbsd...\n-0000b420: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 . These options\n-0000b430: 2061 7265 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 are, for. t\n-0000b440: 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7061 7274 2c20 7468 he most part, th\n-0000b450: 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 6865 e same as in the\n-0000b460: 204e 6574 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 NetBSD boot loa\n-0000b470: 6465 722e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2069 der. For. i\n-0000b480: 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 nstance, to boot\n-0000b490: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2073 the system in s\n-0000b4a0: 696e 676c 652d 7573 6572 206d 6f64 6520 ingle-user mode \n-0000b4b0: 616e 6420 7769 7468 2076 6572 626f 7365 and with verbose\n-0000b4c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 . messages, \n-0000b4d0: 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 do this:.. \n-0000b4e0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 grub> knetbs\n-0000b4f0: 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 6420 2d73 202d 760a d /netbsd -s -v.\n-0000b500: 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 206e 6565 6465 642c . 3. If needed,\n-0000b510: 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 load kernel mod\n-0000b520: 756c 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 636f ules with the co\n-0000b530: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6b6e mmand. ...kn\n-0000b540: 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 etbsd_module_elf\n-0000b550: e280 992e 2020 4120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 .... A typical \n-0000b560: 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d example is the m\n-0000b570: 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 726f odule for the ro\n-0000b580: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 ot. file sys\n-0000b590: 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tem:.. \n-0000b5a0: 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f grub> knetbsd_mo\n-0000b5b0: 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 7374 616e 642f dule_elf /stand/\n-0000b5c0: 616d 6436 342f 362e 302f 6d6f 6475 6c65 amd64/6.0/module\n-0000b5d0: 732f 6666 732f 6666 732e 6b6d 6f64 0a0a s/ffs/ffs.kmod..\n-0000b5e0: 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 4. Finally, ru\n-0000b5f0: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 n the command ..\n-0000b600: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .boot... (*note \n-0000b610: 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 boot::).....File\n-0000b620: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0000b630: 6465 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732c de: DOS/Windows,\n-0000b640: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 Prev: NetBSD, \n-0000b650: 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 Up: OS-specific\n-0000b660: 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3420 444f notes..5.4.4 DO\n-0000b670: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d S/Windows.------\n-0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 5255 -----------..GRU\n-0000b690: 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 444f B cannot boot DO\n-0000b6a0: 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2064 6972 S or Windows dir\n-0000b6b0: 6563 746c 792c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d75 ectly, so you mu\n-0000b6c0: 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 st chain-load th\n-0000b6d0: 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 6e2d em.(*note Chain-\n-0000b6e0: 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 loading::). How\n-0000b6f0: 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6569 7220 626f 6f74 ever, their boot\n-0000b700: 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2068 6176 6520 736f loaders have so\n-0000b710: 6d65 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 6465 6669 me critical.defi\n-0000b720: 6369 656e 6369 6573 2c20 736f 2069 7420 ciencies, so it \n-0000b730: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 2074 6f20 may not work to \n-0000b740: 6a75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 just chain-load \n-0000b750: 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 6f76 6572 636f them. To overco\n-0000b760: 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c me.the problems,\n-0000b770: 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 GRUB provides y\n-0000b780: 6f75 2077 6974 6820 7477 6f20 6865 6c70 ou with two help\n-0000b790: 6572 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 er functions... \n-0000b7a0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 696e If you have in\n-0000b7b0: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f 5320 286f 7220 stalled DOS (or \n-0000b7c0: 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 6120 6e6f Windows) on a no\n-0000b7d0: 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 n-first hard dis\n-0000b7e0: 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 6176 6520 746f 2075 k, you.have to u\n-0000b7f0: 7365 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 7377 6170 se the disk swap\n-0000b800: 7069 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2c20 ping technique, \n-0000b810: 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6174 204f 5320 because that OS \n-0000b820: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 740a 6672 6f6d cannot boot.from\n-0000b830: 2061 6e79 2064 6973 6b73 2062 7574 2074 any disks but t\n-0000b840: 6865 2066 6972 7374 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 he first one. T\n-0000b850: 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 7573 he workaround us\n-0000b860: 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 7468 ed in GRUB is th\n-0000b870: 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9864 7269 e.command ...dri\n-0000b880: 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 vemap... (*note \n-0000b890: 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 292c 206c 696b drivemap::), lik\n-0000b8a0: 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6472 e this:.. dr\n-0000b8b0: 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 ivemap -s (hd0) \n-0000b8c0: 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 (hd1).. This p\n-0000b8d0: 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 e280 9c76 6972 erforms a ...vir\n-0000b8e0: 7475 616c e280 9d20 7377 6170 2062 6574 tual... swap bet\n-0000b8f0: 7765 656e 2079 6f75 7220 6669 7273 7420 ween your first \n-0000b900: 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 640a and second hard.\n-0000b910: 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 4361 7574 drive... *Caut\n-0000b920: 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 6566 ion:* This is ef\n-0000b930: 6665 6374 6976 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 fective only if \n-0000b940: 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or Windows)\n-0000b950: 2075 7365 7320 4249 4f53 2074 6f0a 6163 uses BIOS to.ac\n-0000b960: 6365 7373 2074 6865 2073 7761 7070 6564 cess the swapped\n-0000b970: 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6174 disks. If that\n-0000b980: 204f 5320 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 6369 OS uses a speci\n-0000b990: 616c 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 7220 7468 al driver for th\n-0000b9a0: 650a 6469 736b 732c 2074 6869 7320 7072 e.disks, this pr\n-0000b9b0: 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 obably won't wor\n-0000b9c0: 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e6f 7468 6572 2070 k... Another p\n-0000b9d0: 726f 626c 656d 2061 7269 7365 7320 6966 roblem arises if\n-0000b9e0: 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206d you installed m\n-0000b9f0: 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 6574 ore than one set\n-0000ba00: 206f 660a 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 of.DOS/Windows \n-0000ba10: 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2c 2062 onto one disk, b\n-0000ba20: 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7920 636f 756c ecause they coul\n-0000ba30: 6420 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 6966 d be confused if\n-0000ba40: 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 0a6d 6f72 6520 there are.more \n-0000ba50: 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2070 7269 6d61 7279 than one primary\n-0000ba60: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 partitions for \n-0000ba70: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 2020 4365 DOS/Windows. Ce\n-0000ba80: 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 796f 7520 7368 6f75 rtainly you shou\n-0000ba90: 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 ld.avoid doing t\n-0000baa0: 6869 732c 2062 7574 2074 6865 7265 2069 his, but there i\n-0000bab0: 7320 6120 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 6620 s a solution if \n-0000bac0: 796f 7520 646f 2077 616e 7420 746f 2064 you do want to d\n-0000bad0: 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 7365 0a74 6865 2070 o so. Use.the p\n-0000bae0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 6964 696e 672f artition hiding/\n-0000baf0: 756e 6869 6469 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 unhiding techniq\n-0000bb00: 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 ue... If GRUB \n-0000bb10: e280 9c68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f ...hides... a DO\n-0000bb20: 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 S (or Windows) p\n-0000bb30: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 artition (*note \n-0000bb40: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 292c 2044 4f53 parttool::), DOS\n-0000bb50: 0a28 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 7769 .(or Windows) wi\n-0000bb60: 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7061 ll ignore the pa\n-0000bb70: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2047 5255 rtition. If GRU\n-0000bb80: 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 B ...unhides... \n-0000bb90: 6120 444f 5320 286f 720a 5769 6e64 6f77 a DOS (or.Window\n-0000bba0: 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 444f s) partition, DO\n-0000bbb0: 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 S (or Windows) w\n-0000bbc0: 696c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2070 ill detect the p\n-0000bbd0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6875 732c artition. Thus,\n-0000bbe0: 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2069 6e73 .if you have ins\n-0000bbf0: 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 talled DOS (or W\n-0000bc00: 696e 646f 7773 2920 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 indows) on the f\n-0000bc10: 6972 7374 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6563 irst and the sec\n-0000bc20: 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 ond.partition of\n-0000bc30: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 the first hard \n-0000bc40: 6469 736b 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 7761 disk, and you wa\n-0000bc50: 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 nt to boot the c\n-0000bc60: 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 opy on the.first\n-0000bc70: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 partition, do t\n-0000bc80: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 he following:.. \n-0000bc90: 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 parttool (hd\n-0000bca0: 302c 3129 2068 6964 6465 6e2d 0a20 2020 0,1) hidden-. \n-0000bcb0: 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c parttool (hd0,\n-0000bcc0: 3229 2068 6964 6465 6e2b 0a20 2020 2020 2) hidden+. \n-0000bcd0: 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 set root=(hd0,1)\n-0000bce0: 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 . chainloade\n-0000bcf0: 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f r +1. partto\n-0000bd00: 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2062 6f6f 742b ol ${root} boot+\n-0000bd10: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 0a0a 1f0a 4669 . boot....Fi\n-0000bd20: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0000bd30: 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 Node: Configurat\n-0000bd40: 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5468 656d ion, Next: Them\n-0000bd50: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 e file format, \n-0000bd60: 5072 6576 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 Prev: Booting, \n-0000bd70: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a36 2057 7269 7469 Up: Top..6 Writi\n-0000bd80: 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 ng your own conf\n-0000bd90: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a iguration file.*\n-0000bda0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2724 2874 6173 '$(tas\n+0000aa50: 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 2027 2428 7461 k-create)' '$(ta\n+0000aa60: 736b 2d72 6573 756d 6529 270a 2020 2020 sk-resume)'. \n+0000aa70: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 grub> modu\n+0000aa80: 6c65 202f 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 6f2e 3120 le /lib/ld.so.1 \n+0000aa90: 6578 6563 202f 6875 7264 2f65 7865 6320 exec /hurd/exec \n+0000aaa0: 2724 2865 7865 632d 7461 736b 3d74 6173 '$(exec-task=tas\n+0000aab0: 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 0a0a 2020 332e k-create)'.. 3.\n+0000aac0: 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 Finally, run th\n+0000aad0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f e command ...boo\n+0000aae0: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 t... (*note boot\n+0000aaf0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n+0000ab00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0000ab10: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 GNU/Linux, Next\n+0000ab20: 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2050 7265 763a : NetBSD, Prev:\n+0000ab30: 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 5570 3a20 GNU/Hurd, Up: \n+0000ab40: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 OS-specific note\n+0000ab50: 730a 0a35 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e s..5.4.2 GNU/Lin\n+0000ab60: 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ux.-------------\n+0000ab70: 2d2d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 7265 6c61 7469 --..It is relati\n+0000ab80: 7665 6c79 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f vely easy to boo\n+0000ab90: 7420 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6672 6f6d t GNU/Linux from\n+0000aba0: 2047 5255 422c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 GRUB, because i\n+0000abb0: 7420 736f 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 6573 656d t somewhat.resem\n+0000abc0: 626c 6573 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2061 204d bles to boot a M\n+0000abd0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 ultiboot-complia\n+0000abe0: 6e74 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 nt OS... 1. Set\n+0000abf0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 GRUB's root dev\n+0000ac00: 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 ice to the same \n+0000ac10: 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e drive as GNU/Lin\n+0000ac20: 7578 2773 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ux's. The. \n+0000ac30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 command ...searc\n+0000ac40: 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d66 h --set=root --f\n+0000ac50: 696c 6520 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a e280 9920 ile /vmlinuz... \n+0000ac60: 6f72 2073 696d 696c 6172 206d 6179 2068 or similar may h\n+0000ac70: 656c 7020 796f 750a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e elp you. (*n\n+0000ac80: 6f74 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a ote search::)...\n+0000ac90: 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 2. Load the ke\n+0000aca0: 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 rnel using the c\n+0000acb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 ommand ...linux.\n+0000acc0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a .. (*note linux:\n+0000acd0: 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 :):.. g\n+0000ace0: 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 rub> linux /vmli\n+0000acf0: 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 nuz root=/dev/sd\n+0000ad00: 6131 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 a1.. If you \n+0000ad10: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 need to specify \n+0000ad20: 736f 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 some kernel para\n+0000ad30: 6d65 7465 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 2061 7070 meters, just app\n+0000ad40: 656e 6420 7468 656d 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 end them to. \n+0000ad50: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 the command. F\n+0000ad60: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 or example, to s\n+0000ad70: 6574 20e2 8098 6163 7069 e280 9920 746f et ...acpi... to\n+0000ad80: 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 646f 2074 ...off..., do t\n+0000ad90: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 his:.. \n+0000ada0: 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c grub> linux /vml\n+0000adb0: 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 inuz root=/dev/s\n+0000adc0: 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 da1 acpi=off.. \n+0000add0: 2020 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d See the docum\n+0000ade0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 entation in the \n+0000adf0: 4c69 6e75 7820 736f 7572 6365 2074 7265 Linux source tre\n+0000ae00: 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a20 e for complete. \n+0000ae10: 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 information \n+0000ae20: 6f6e 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 on the available\n+0000ae30: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 options... \n+0000ae40: 5769 7468 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 With ...linux...\n+0000ae50: 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2033 322d 6269 GRUB uses 32-bi\n+0000ae60: 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2053 6f6d t protocol. Som\n+0000ae70: 6520 4249 4f53 2073 6572 7669 6365 7320 e BIOS services \n+0000ae80: 6c69 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 4150 4d20 6f72 like. APM or\n+0000ae90: 2045 4444 2061 7265 6e27 7420 6176 6169 EDD aren't avai\n+0000aea0: 6c61 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 lable with this \n+0000aeb0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 protocol. In th\n+0000aec0: 6973 2063 6173 6520 796f 750a 2020 2020 is case you. \n+0000aed0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 need to use ...\n+0000aee0: 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2020 linux16..... \n+0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 grub> linu\n+0000af00: 7831 3620 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f x16 /vmlinuz roo\n+0000af10: 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 t=/dev/sda1 acpi\n+0000af20: 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f =off.. 3. If yo\n+0000af30: 7520 7573 6520 616e 2069 6e69 7472 642c u use an initrd,\n+0000af40: 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2063 6f6d execute the com\n+0000af50: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 mand ...initrd..\n+0000af60: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a . (*note initrd:\n+0000af70: 3a29 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 e280 :). after ..\n+0000af80: 986c 696e 7578 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 .linux...:.. \n+0000af90: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 grub> init\n+0000afa0: 7264 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 2020 rd /initrd.. \n+0000afb0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6564 20e2 8098 If you used ...\n+0000afc0: 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 2079 6f75 206e linux16... you n\n+0000afd0: 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 696e eed to use ...in\n+0000afe0: 6974 7264 3136 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 itrd16...:.. \n+0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 grub> init\n+0000b000: 7264 3136 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 rd16 /initrd.. \n+0000b010: 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 4. Finally, run \n+0000b020: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 the command ...b\n+0000b030: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f oot... (*note bo\n+0000b040: 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ot::).....File: \n+0000b050: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0000b060: 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 204e 6578 743a : NetBSD, Next:\n+0000b070: 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 2c20 2050 DOS/Windows, P\n+0000b080: 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 rev: GNU/Linux, \n+0000b090: 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 Up: OS-specific\n+0000b0a0: 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3320 4e65 notes..5.4.3 Ne\n+0000b0b0: 7442 5344 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tBSD.-----------\n+0000b0c0: 2d0a 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 204e 6574 -..Booting a Net\n+0000b0d0: 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2066 726f 6d20 BSD kernel from \n+0000b0e0: 4752 5542 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 656c GRUB is also rel\n+0000b0f0: 6174 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 3a20 6669 atively easy: fi\n+0000b100: 7273 7420 7365 740a 4752 5542 2773 2072 rst set.GRUB's r\n+0000b110: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2c20 7468 656e oot device, then\n+0000b120: 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c load the kernel\n+0000b130: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 and the modules\n+0000b140: 2c20 616e 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a 7275 , and finally.ru\n+0000b150: 6e20 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 n ...boot...... \n+0000b160: 2031 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 1. Set GRUB's r\n+0000b170: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 oot device to th\n+0000b180: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 686f 6c64 e partition hold\n+0000b190: 696e 6720 7468 6520 4e65 7442 5344 2072 ing the NetBSD r\n+0000b1a0: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 oot. file sy\n+0000b1b0: 7374 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 2064 6973 stem. For a dis\n+0000b1c0: 6b20 7769 7468 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 k with a NetBSD \n+0000b1d0: 6469 736b 206c 6162 656c 2c20 7468 6973 disk label, this\n+0000b1e0: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 is usually. \n+0000b1f0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 the first parti\n+0000b200: 7469 6f6e 2028 613a 292e 2020 496e 2074 tion (a:). In t\n+0000b210: 6861 7420 6361 7365 2c20 616e 6420 6173 hat case, and as\n+0000b220: 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a suming that the.\n+0000b230: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 partition i\n+0000b240: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 s on the first h\n+0000b250: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 4752 ard disk, set GR\n+0000b260: 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 UB's root device\n+0000b270: 2061 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 as. follows\n+0000b280: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n+0000b290: 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f62 b> insmod part_b\n+0000b2a0: 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 sd. gru\n+0000b2b0: 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 b> set root=(hd0\n+0000b2c0: 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 ,netbsd1).. \n+0000b2d0: 466f 7220 6120 6469 736b 2077 6974 6820 For a disk with \n+0000b2e0: 6120 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e a GUID Partition\n+0000b2f0: 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2c20 616e Table (GPT), an\n+0000b300: 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 d assuming that \n+0000b310: 7468 650a 2020 2020 204e 6574 4253 4420 the. NetBSD \n+0000b320: 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 root partition i\n+0000b330: 7320 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 4750 5420 s the third GPT \n+0000b340: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 partition, do th\n+0000b350: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 is:.. g\n+0000b360: 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 rub> insmod part\n+0000b370: 5f67 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 _gpt. g\n+0000b380: 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 rub> set root=(h\n+0000b390: 6430 2c67 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 322e 204c d0,gpt3).. 2. L\n+0000b3a0: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 oad the kernel u\n+0000b3b0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 sing the command\n+0000b3c0: 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 3a0a ...knetbsd...:.\n+0000b3d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n+0000b3e0: 206b 6e65 7462 7364 202f 6e65 7462 7364 knetbsd /netbsd\n+0000b3f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 6172 696f 7573 206f .. Various o\n+0000b400: 7074 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 ptions may be gi\n+0000b410: 7665 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 ven to ...knetbs\n+0000b420: 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 d.... These opt\n+0000b430: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2c20 666f 720a 2020 ions are, for. \n+0000b440: 2020 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7061 7274 the most part\n+0000b450: 2c20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e , the same as in\n+0000b460: 2074 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 626f 6f74 the NetBSD boot\n+0000b470: 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 466f 720a 2020 loader. For. \n+0000b480: 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2074 6f20 instance, to \n+0000b490: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 boot the system \n+0000b4a0: 696e 2073 696e 676c 652d 7573 6572 206d in single-user m\n+0000b4b0: 6f64 6520 616e 6420 7769 7468 2076 6572 ode and with ver\n+0000b4c0: 626f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 bose. messag\n+0000b4d0: 6573 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 es, do this:.. \n+0000b4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e grub> kn\n+0000b4f0: 6574 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 6420 2d73 etbsd /netbsd -s\n+0000b500: 202d 760a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 206e 6565 -v.. 3. If nee\n+0000b510: 6465 642c 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c ded, load kernel\n+0000b520: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 modules with th\n+0000b530: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 20e2 e command. .\n+0000b540: 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 ..knetbsd_module\n+0000b550: 5f65 6c66 e280 992e 2020 4120 7479 7069 _elf.... A typi\n+0000b560: 6361 6c20 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 2074 cal example is t\n+0000b570: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 7468 he module for th\n+0000b580: 6520 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 e root. file\n+0000b590: 2073 7973 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 system:.. \n+0000b5a0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 grub> knetbs\n+0000b5b0: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 7374 d_module_elf /st\n+0000b5c0: 616e 642f 616d 6436 342f 362e 302f 6d6f and/amd64/6.0/mo\n+0000b5d0: 6475 6c65 732f 6666 732f 6666 732e 6b6d dules/ffs/ffs.km\n+0000b5e0: 6f64 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 od.. 4. Finally\n+0000b5f0: 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e , run the comman\n+0000b600: 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e d ...boot... (*n\n+0000b610: 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a ote boot::).....\n+0000b620: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0000b630: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 Node: DOS/Wind\n+0000b640: 6f77 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7442 ows, Prev: NetB\n+0000b650: 5344 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 SD, Up: OS-spec\n+0000b660: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e ific notes..5.4.\n+0000b670: 3420 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 730a 2d2d 4 DOS/Windows.--\n+0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0000b690: 0a47 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f .GRUB cannot boo\n+0000b6a0: 7420 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 t DOS or Windows\n+0000b6b0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2073 6f20 796f directly, so yo\n+0000b6c0: 7520 6d75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 u must chain-loa\n+0000b6d0: 6420 7468 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 d them.(*note Ch\n+0000b6e0: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e20 ain-loading::). \n+0000b6f0: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6569 7220 However, their \n+0000b700: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2068 6176 boot loaders hav\n+0000b710: 6520 736f 6d65 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a e some critical.\n+0000b720: 6465 6669 6369 656e 6369 6573 2c20 736f deficiencies, so\n+0000b730: 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 776f 726b it may not work\n+0000b740: 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c to just chain-l\n+0000b750: 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 6f76 oad them. To ov\n+0000b760: 6572 636f 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c ercome.the probl\n+0000b770: 656d 732c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 ems, GRUB provid\n+0000b780: 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 7477 6f20 es you with two \n+0000b790: 6865 6c70 6572 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 helper functions\n+0000b7a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 ... If you hav\n+0000b7b0: 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f 5320 e installed DOS \n+0000b7c0: 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 (or Windows) on \n+0000b7d0: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 a non-first hard\n+0000b7e0: 2064 6973 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 6176 6520 disk, you.have \n+0000b7f0: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 to use the disk \n+0000b800: 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 swapping techniq\n+0000b810: 7565 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6174 ue, because that\n+0000b820: 204f 5320 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 740a OS cannot boot.\n+0000b830: 6672 6f6d 2061 6e79 2064 6973 6b73 2062 from any disks b\n+0000b840: 7574 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206f 6e65 ut the first one\n+0000b850: 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e . The workaroun\n+0000b860: 6420 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 d used in GRUB i\n+0000b870: 7320 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 s the.command ..\n+0000b880: 9864 7269 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e .drivemap... (*n\n+0000b890: 6f74 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 292c ote drivemap::),\n+0000b8a0: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n+0000b8b0: 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 drivemap -s (h\n+0000b8c0: 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 5468 d0) (hd1).. Th\n+0000b8d0: 6973 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 e280 is performs a ..\n+0000b8e0: 9c76 6972 7475 616c e280 9d20 7377 6170 .virtual... swap\n+0000b8f0: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2079 6f75 7220 6669 between your fi\n+0000b900: 7273 7420 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 2068 rst and second h\n+0000b910: 6172 640a 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 202a ard.drive... *\n+0000b920: 4361 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 6973 2069 Caution:* This i\n+0000b930: 7320 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 6f6e 6c79 s effective only\n+0000b940: 2069 6620 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 if DOS (or Wind\n+0000b950: 6f77 7329 2075 7365 7320 4249 4f53 2074 ows) uses BIOS t\n+0000b960: 6f0a 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 2073 7761 o.access the swa\n+0000b970: 7070 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 2049 6620 pped disks. If \n+0000b980: 7468 6174 204f 5320 7573 6573 2061 2073 that OS uses a s\n+0000b990: 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f pecial driver fo\n+0000b9a0: 7220 7468 650a 6469 736b 732c 2074 6869 r the.disks, thi\n+0000b9b0: 7320 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 6f6e 2774 s probably won't\n+0000b9c0: 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e6f 7468 work... Anoth\n+0000b9d0: 6572 2070 726f 626c 656d 2061 7269 7365 er problem arise\n+0000b9e0: 7320 6966 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c s if you install\n+0000b9f0: 6564 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 ed more than one\n+0000ba00: 2073 6574 206f 660a 444f 532f 5769 6e64 set of.DOS/Wind\n+0000ba10: 6f77 7320 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 2064 6973 ows onto one dis\n+0000ba20: 6b2c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7920 k, because they \n+0000ba30: 636f 756c 6420 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 could be confuse\n+0000ba40: 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 0a6d d if there are.m\n+0000ba50: 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2070 7269 ore than one pri\n+0000ba60: 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 mary partitions \n+0000ba70: 666f 7220 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732e for DOS/Windows.\n+0000ba80: 2020 4365 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 796f 7520 Certainly you \n+0000ba90: 7368 6f75 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 2064 6f69 should.avoid doi\n+0000baa0: 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2074 6865 ng this, but the\n+0000bab0: 7265 2069 7320 6120 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e re is a solution\n+0000bac0: 2069 6620 796f 7520 646f 2077 616e 7420 if you do want \n+0000bad0: 746f 2064 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 7365 0a74 to do so. Use.t\n+0000bae0: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 6964 he partition hid\n+0000baf0: 696e 672f 756e 6869 6469 6e67 2074 6563 ing/unhiding tec\n+0000bb00: 686e 6971 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2047 hnique... If G\n+0000bb10: 5255 4220 e280 9c68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 RUB ...hides... \n+0000bb20: 6120 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 a DOS (or Window\n+0000bb30: 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e s) partition (*n\n+0000bb40: 6f74 6520 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 292c ote parttool::),\n+0000bb50: 2044 4f53 0a28 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 DOS.(or Windows\n+0000bb60: 2920 7769 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6520 7468 ) will ignore th\n+0000bb70: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 e partition. If\n+0000bb80: 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 6964 6573 GRUB ...unhides\n+0000bb90: e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 720a 5769 ... a DOS (or.Wi\n+0000bba0: 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ndows) partition\n+0000bbb0: 2c20 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 , DOS (or Window\n+0000bbc0: 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 2074 s) will detect t\n+0000bbd0: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 he partition. T\n+0000bbe0: 6875 732c 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 hus,.if you have\n+0000bbf0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 2028 installed DOS (\n+0000bc00: 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 6f6e 2074 or Windows) on t\n+0000bc10: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 2074 6865 he first and the\n+0000bc20: 2073 6563 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 6974 696f second.partitio\n+0000bc30: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 n of the first h\n+0000bc40: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 616e 6420 796f ard disk, and yo\n+0000bc50: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 u want to boot t\n+0000bc60: 6865 2063 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 he copy on the.f\n+0000bc70: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 irst partition, \n+0000bc80: 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 do the following\n+0000bc90: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c :.. parttool\n+0000bca0: 2028 6864 302c 3129 2068 6964 6465 6e2d (hd0,1) hidden-\n+0000bcb0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 . parttool (\n+0000bcc0: 6864 302c 3229 2068 6964 6465 6e2b 0a20 hd0,2) hidden+. \n+0000bcd0: 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 set root=(hd\n+0000bce0: 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6169 6e6c 0,1). chainl\n+0000bcf0: 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7061 oader +1. pa\n+0000bd00: 7274 746f 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2062 rttool ${root} b\n+0000bd10: 6f6f 742b 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 0a0a oot+. boot..\n+0000bd20: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0000bd30: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 o, Node: Config\n+0000bd40: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 uration, Next: \n+0000bd50: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n+0000bd60: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 426f 6f74 696e t, Prev: Bootin\n+0000bd70: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a36 2057 g, Up: Top..6 W\n+0000bd80: 7269 7469 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 riting your own \n+0000bd90: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+0000bda0: 6c65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a le.*************\n 0000bdb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0000bdc0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 7320 636f ****..GRUB is co\n-0000bdd0: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 nfigured using .\n-0000bde0: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2075 ..grub.cfg..., u\n-0000bdf0: 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2075 sually located u\n-0000be00: 6e64 6572 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 nder .../boot/gr\n-0000be10: 7562 e280 992e 0a54 6869 7320 6669 6c65 ub.....This file\n-0000be20: 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 666c 6578 6962 is quite flexib\n-0000be30: 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6d6f 7374 2075 7365 le, but most use\n-0000be40: 7273 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 rs will not need\n-0000be50: 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 7468 650a 7768 to write the.wh\n-0000be60: 6f6c 6520 7468 696e 6720 6279 2068 616e ole thing by han\n-0000be70: 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 d...* Menu:..* S\n-0000be80: 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple configurat\n-0000be90: 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ion:: \n-0000bea0: 2052 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2066 6f72 Recommended for\n-0000beb0: 206d 6f73 7420 7573 6572 730a 2a20 526f most users.* Ro\n-0000bec0: 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e ot Identifcation\n-0000bed0: 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 733a 3a20 2020 Heuristics:: \n-0000bee0: 5375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 Summary on how t\n-0000bef0: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 he root file sys\n-0000bf00: 7465 6d20 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 tem is identifie\n-0000bf10: 642e 0a2a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 d..* Shell-like \n-0000bf20: 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 scripting:: \n-0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 For power\n-0000bf40: 2075 7365 7273 2061 6e64 2064 6576 656c users and devel\n-0000bf50: 6f70 6572 730a 2a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f opers.* Multi-bo\n-0000bf60: 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 ot manual config\n-0000bf70: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f 7220 6e6f :: For no\n-0000bf80: 6e2d 7374 616e 6461 7264 206d 756c 7469 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Th\n-0000c430: 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 e file .../etc/d\n-0000c440: 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2063 efault/grub... c\n-0000c450: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 6f70 6572 ontrols the oper\n-0000c460: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 ation of....grub\n-0000c470: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 -mkconfig.... I\n-0000c480: 7420 6973 2073 6f75 7263 6564 2062 7920 t is sourced by \n-0000c490: 6120 7368 656c 6c20 7363 7269 7074 2c20 a shell script, \n-0000c4a0: 616e 6420 736f 206d 7573 7420 6265 2076 and so must be v\n-0000c4b0: 616c 6964 0a50 4f53 4958 2073 6865 6c6c alid.POSIX shell\n-0000c4c0: 2069 6e70 7574 3b20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 input; normally\n-0000c4d0: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6a75 7374 2062 , it will just b\n-0000c4e0: 6520 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 e a sequence of \n-0000c4f0: e280 984b 4559 3d76 616c 7565 e280 990a ...KEY=value....\n-0000c500: 6c69 6e65 732c 2062 7574 2069 6620 7468 lines, but if th\n-0000c510: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 e value contains\n-0000c520: 2073 7061 6365 7320 6f72 206f 7468 6572 spaces or other\n-0000c530: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2063 6861 7261 6374 special charact\n-0000c540: 6572 7320 7468 656e 0a69 7420 6d75 7374 ers then.it must\n-0000c550: 2062 6520 7175 6f74 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 be quoted. For\n-0000c560: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 example:.. \n-0000c570: 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e GRUB_TERMINAL_IN\n-0000c580: 5055 543d 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 6572 PUT=\"console ser\n-0000c590: 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 2056 616c 6964 206b ial\".. Valid k\n-0000c5a0: 6579 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 eys in .../etc/d\n-0000c5b0: 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2061 efault/grub... a\n-0000c5c0: 7265 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a re as follows:..\n-0000c5d0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 ...GRUB_DEFAULT.\n-0000c5e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ... The defa\n-0000c5f0: 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 ult menu entry. \n-0000c600: 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 206e This may be a n\n-0000c610: 756d 6265 722c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 umber, in which \n-0000c620: 6361 7365 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 case it. ide\n-0000c630: 6e74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 4e74 6820 ntifies the Nth \n-0000c640: 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 2067 656e entry in the gen\n-0000c650: 6572 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 636f 756e erated menu coun\n-0000c660: 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 0a20 ted from zero,. \n-0000c670: 2020 2020 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 or the title\n-0000c680: 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 of a menu entry\n-0000c690: 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c , or the special\n-0000c6a0: 2073 7472 696e 6720 e280 9873 6176 6564 string ...saved\n-0000c6b0: e280 992e 2020 5573 696e 670a 2020 2020 .... Using. \n-0000c6c0: 2074 6865 2069 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 the id may be u\n-0000c6d0: 7365 6675 6c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e seful if you wan\n-0000c6e0: 7420 746f 2073 6574 2061 206d 656e 7520 t to set a menu \n-0000c6f0: 656e 7472 7920 6173 2074 6865 2064 6566 entry as the def\n-0000c700: 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 6576 656e 2074 ault. even t\n-0000c710: 686f 7567 6820 7468 6572 6520 6d61 7920 hough there may \n-0000c720: 6265 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e75 be a variable nu\n-0000c730: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 7472 6965 7320 mber of entries \n-0000c740: 6265 666f 7265 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 before it... \n-0000c750: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 For example, if\n-0000c760: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 you have:.. \n-0000c770: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d menuentry 'Exam\n-0000c780: 706c 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 ple GNU/Linux di\n-0000c790: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c stribution' --cl\n-0000c7a0: 6173 7320 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d ass gnu-linux --\n-0000c7b0: 6964 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c id example-gnu-l\n-0000c7c0: 696e 7578 207b 0a20 2020 2020 092e 2e2e inux {. ....\n-0000c7d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 7468 . }.. th\n-0000c7e0: 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 en you can make \n-0000c7f0: 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 this the default\n-0000c800: 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 using:.. \n-0000c810: 2020 2047 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d GRUB_DEFAULT=\n-0000c820: 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 example-gnu-linu\n-0000c830: 780a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6576 696f 7573 x.. 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T\n-0000ca00: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 he default is ..\n-0000ca10: 9830 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f .0.........GRUB_\n-0000ca20: 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 SAVEDEFAULT.... \n-0000ca30: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 If this opti\n-0000ca40: 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 on is set to ...\n-0000ca50: 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e2c 2077 true..., then, w\n-0000ca60: 6865 6e20 616e 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 hen an entry is \n-0000ca70: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 selected,. s\n-0000ca80: 6176 6520 6974 2061 7320 6120 6e65 7720 ave it as a new \n-0000ca90: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 666f default entry fo\n-0000caa0: 7220 7573 6520 6279 2066 7574 7572 6520 r use by future \n-0000cab0: 7275 6e73 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 5468 runs of GRUB. Th\n-0000cac0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 is. is only \n-0000cad0: 7573 6566 756c 2069 6620 e280 9847 5255 useful if ...GRU\n-0000cae0: 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d 7361 7665 64e2 B_DEFAULT=saved.\n-0000caf0: 8099 3b20 6974 2069 7320 6120 7365 7061 ..; it is a sepa\n-0000cb00: 7261 7465 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 rate option. \n-0000cb10: 2062 6563 6175 7365 20e2 8098 4752 5542 because ...GRUB\n-0000cb20: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 3d73 6176 6564 e280 _DEFAULT=saved..\n-0000cb30: 9920 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7769 7468 . is useful with\n-0000cb40: 6f75 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2c out this option,\n-0000cb50: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6a75 6e63 in. conjunc\n-0000cb60: 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 7275 tion with ...gru\n-0000cb70: 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 b-set-default...\n-0000cb80: 2e20 2055 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 6661 . Unset by defa\n-0000cb90: 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 ult. This. \n-0000cba0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e option relies on\n-0000cbb0: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n-0000cbc0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 block, which ma\n-0000cbd0: 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 y not be availab\n-0000cbe0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 6c6c 2073 le. in all s\n-0000cbf0: 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 ituations (*note\n-0000cc00: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f Environment blo\n-0000cc10: 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f ck::)......GRUB_\n-0000cc20: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 TIMEOUT.... \n-0000cc30: 426f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 Boot the default\n-0000cc40: 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 entry this many\n-0000cc50: 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2061 6674 6572 2074 seconds after t\n-0000cc60: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 he menu is. \n-0000cc70: 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 displayed, unles\n-0000cc80: 7320 6120 6b65 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 s a key is press\n-0000cc90: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ed. The default\n-0000cca0: 2069 7320 e280 9835 e280 992e 2020 5365 is ...5.... Se\n-0000ccb0: 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9830 e280 t to. ...0..\n-0000ccc0: 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6d65 6469 . to boot immedi\n-0000ccd0: 6174 656c 7920 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6469 ately without di\n-0000cce0: 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e splaying the men\n-0000ccf0: 752c 206f 7220 746f 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 u, or to ...-1..\n-0000cd00: 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7761 6974 2069 . to. wait i\n-0000cd10: 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 ndefinitely... \n-0000cd20: 2020 2049 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 If ...GRUB_TI\n-0000cd30: 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2069 MEOUT_STYLE... i\n-0000cd40: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e s set to ...coun\n-0000cd50: 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 tdown... or ...h\n-0000cd60: 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 650a 2020 idden..., the. \n-0000cd70: 2020 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e timeout is in\n-0000cd80: 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 stead counted be\n-0000cd90: 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 fore the menu is\n-0000cda0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 displayed......\n-0000cdb0: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n-0000cdc0: 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 LE.... If th\n-0000cdd0: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 is option is uns\n-0000cde0: 6574 206f 7220 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 et or set to ...\n-0000cdf0: 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 menu..., then GR\n-0000ce00: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 790a UB will display.\n-0000ce10: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e the menu an\n-0000ce20: 6420 7468 656e 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 d then wait for \n-0000ce30: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 the timeout set \n-0000ce40: 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f by ...GRUB_TIMEO\n-0000ce50: 5554 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 UT... to. ex\n-0000ce60: 7069 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 pire before boot\n-0000ce70: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 ing the default \n-0000ce80: 656e 7472 792e 2020 5072 6573 7369 6e67 entry. Pressing\n-0000ce90: 2061 206b 6579 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 a key interrupt\n-0000cea0: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f s. the timeo\n-0000ceb0: 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 ut... If thi\n-0000cec0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 s option is set \n-0000ced0: 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 to ...countdown.\n-0000cee0: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 .. or ...hidden.\n-0000cef0: 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 6265 666f 7265 .., then, before\n-0000cf00: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 . displaying\n-0000cf10: 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2047 5255 4220 the menu, GRUB \n-0000cf20: 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 will wait for th\n-0000cf30: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 e timeout set by\n-0000cf40: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 . ...GRUB_TI\n-0000cf50: 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 6578 7069 MEOUT... to expi\n-0000cf60: 7265 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 5343 3e20 6f72 re. If or\n-0000cf70: 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 6573 7365 are presse\n-0000cf80: 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e0a 2020 d, or . \n-0000cf90: 2020 2069 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e20 is held down \n-0000cfa0: 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7469 6d65 during that time\n-0000cfb0: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 , it will displa\n-0000cfc0: 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 y the menu and w\n-0000cfd0: 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 ait. for inp\n-0000cfe0: 7574 2e20 2049 6620 6120 686f 746b 6579 ut. If a hotkey\n-0000cff0: 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 associated with\n-0000d000: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 a menu entry is\n-0000d010: 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 pressed, it. \n-0000d020: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 will boot the \n-0000d030: 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 associated menu \n-0000d040: 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c entry immediatel\n-0000d050: 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f y. If the timeo\n-0000d060: 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 7320 ut. expires \n-0000d070: 6265 666f 7265 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 before either of\n-0000d080: 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 these happens, \n-0000d090: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 it will boot the\n-0000d0a0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 656e default. en\n-0000d0b0: 7472 792e 2020 496e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 try. In the ...\n-0000d0c0: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2063 6173 countdown... cas\n-0000d0d0: 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2073 686f 7720 e, it will show \n-0000d0e0: 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e64 6963 a one-line indic\n-0000d0f0: 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 ation. of th\n-0000d100: 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 e remaining time\n-0000d110: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 ......GRUB_DEFAU\n-0000d120: 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 LT_BUTTON.......\n-0000d130: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 GRUB_TIMEOUT_BUT\n-0000d140: 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 TON.......GRUB_T\n-0000d150: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 IMEOUT_STYLE_BUT\n-0000d160: 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 TON.......GRUB_B\n-0000d170: 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 UTTON_CMOS_ADDRE\n-0000d180: 5353 e280 990a 2020 2020 2056 6172 6961 SS.... Varia\n-0000d190: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 nts of the corre\n-0000d1a0: 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c sponding variabl\n-0000d1b0: 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 es without the .\n-0000d1c0: 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 .._BUTTON.... \n-0000d1d0: 2020 7375 6666 6978 2c20 7573 6564 2074 suffix, used t\n-0000d1e0: 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 o support vendor\n-0000d1f0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 706f 7765 7220 -specific power \n-0000d200: 6275 7474 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a buttons. *Note.\n-0000d210: 2020 2020 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 Vendor powe\n-0000d220: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a e280 r-on keys::.....\n-0000d230: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5354 5249 4255 544f .GRUB_DISTRIBUTO\n-0000d240: 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6279 R.... Set by\n-0000d250: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6f72 7320 6f66 distributors of\n-0000d260: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 6972 2069 GRUB to their i\n-0000d270: 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 206e 616d 652e dentifying name.\n-0000d280: 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 This is. u\n-0000d290: 7365 6420 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 sed to generate \n-0000d2a0: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 more informative\n-0000d2b0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c menu entry titl\n-0000d2c0: 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 es......GRUB_TER\n-0000d2d0: 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 MINAL_INPUT.... \n-0000d2e0: 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 Select the t\n-0000d2f0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6465 erminal input de\n-0000d300: 7669 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2073 vice. You may s\n-0000d310: 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2064 elect multiple d\n-0000d320: 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6865 7265 evices. here\n-0000d330: 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 , separated by s\n-0000d340: 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 616c paces... Val\n-0000d350: 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 id terminal inpu\n-0000d360: 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f t names depend o\n-0000d370: 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 n the platform, \n-0000d380: 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a but may include.\n-0000d390: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 ...console.\n-0000d3a0: 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 .. (native platf\n-0000d3b0: 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 orm console), ..\n-0000d3c0: 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 .serial... (seri\n-0000d3d0: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 al terminal),. \n-0000d3e0: 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f ...serial_... (serial t\n-0000d400: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 erminal with exp\n-0000d410: 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 licit port selec\n-0000d420: 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 tion),. ...a\n-0000d430: 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2850 t_keyboard... (P\n-0000d440: 4320 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6429 2c20 C AT keyboard), \n-0000d450: 6f72 20e2 8098 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 or ...usb_keyboa\n-0000d460: 7264 e280 9920 2855 5342 206b 6579 626f rd... (USB keybo\n-0000d470: 6172 640a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 ard. using t\n-0000d480: 6865 2048 4944 2042 6f6f 7420 5072 6f74 he HID Boot Prot\n-0000d490: 6f63 6f6c 2c20 666f 7220 6361 7365 7320 ocol, for cases \n-0000d4a0: 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 where the firmwa\n-0000d4b0: 7265 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 re does not. \n-0000d4c0: 2068 616e 646c 6520 7468 6973 292e 0a0a handle this)...\n-0000d4d0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 The default\n-0000d4e0: 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 is to use the p\n-0000d4f0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 latform's native\n-0000d500: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 742e terminal input.\n-0000d510: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e .....GRUB_TERMIN\n-0000d520: 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 AL_OUTPUT.... \n-0000d530: 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 Select the ter\n-0000d540: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2064 6576 minal output dev\n-0000d550: 6963 652e 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7365 ice. You may se\n-0000d560: 6c65 6374 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6465 lect multiple de\n-0000d570: 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 2068 6572 652c vices. here,\n-0000d580: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 separated by sp\n-0000d590: 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5661 6c69 aces... Vali\n-0000d5a0: 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 d terminal outpu\n-0000d5b0: 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f t names depend o\n-0000d5c0: 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 n the platform, \n-0000d5d0: 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a but may include.\n-0000d5e0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 ...console.\n-0000d5f0: 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 .. (native platf\n-0000d600: 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 orm console), ..\n-0000d610: 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 .serial... (seri\n-0000d620: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 al terminal),. \n-0000d630: 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f ...serial_... (serial t\n-0000d650: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 erminal with exp\n-0000d660: 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 licit port selec\n-0000d670: 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 tion),. ...g\n-0000d680: 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 2867 7261 7068 fxterm... (graph\n-0000d690: 6963 732d 6d6f 6465 206f 7574 7075 7429 ics-mode output)\n-0000d6a0: 2c20 e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 , ...vga_text...\n-0000d6b0: 2028 5647 4120 7465 7874 206f 7574 7075 (VGA text outpu\n-0000d6c0: 7429 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 615f t),. ...mda_\n-0000d6d0: 7465 7874 e280 9920 284d 4441 2074 6578 text... (MDA tex\n-0000d6e0: 7420 6f75 7470 7574 292c 20e2 8098 6d6f t output), ...mo\n-0000d6f0: 7273 65e2 8099 2028 4d6f 7273 652d 636f rse... 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On receiving\n-0000d830: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d system. com\n-0000d840: 7069 6c65 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d pile ...spkmodem\n-0000d850: 2d72 6563 76e2 8099 2066 726f 6d20 e280 -recv... from ..\n-0000d860: 9875 7469 6c2f 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 .util/spkmodem-r\n-0000d870: 6563 762e 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 756e ecv.c... and run\n-0000d880: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 :.. par\n-0000d890: 6563 6f72 6420 2d2d 6368 616e 6e65 6c73 ecord --channels\n-0000d8a0: 3d31 202d 2d72 6174 653d 3438 3030 3020 =1 --rate=48000 \n-0000d8b0: 2d2d 666f 726d 6174 3d73 3136 6c65 207c --format=s16le |\n-0000d8c0: 202e 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 ./spkmodem-recv\n-0000d8d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 .. 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When. \n-0000e8c0: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 ...GRUB_DISAB\n-0000e8d0: 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 LE_LINUX_PARTUUI\n-0000e8e0: 44e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 D... is set to .\n-0000e8f0: 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 ..false..., the \n-0000e900: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 Linux kernel. \n-0000e910: 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6d75 7374 2062 version must b\n-0000e920: 6520 322e 362e 3337 2028 332e 3130 2066 e 2.6.37 (3.10 f\n-0000e930: 6f72 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2075 7369 6e67 or systems using\n-0000e940: 2074 6865 204d 5344 4f53 2070 6172 7469 the MSDOS parti\n-0000e950: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 6865 6d65 tion. scheme\n-0000e960: 2920 6f72 206e 6577 6572 2e20 2054 6869 ) or newer. 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I\n-0000ea00: 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 f this option is\n-0000ea10: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 set to ...true.\n-0000ea20: 8099 2c20 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 .., disable the \n-0000ea30: 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7265 generation of re\n-0000ea40: 636f 7665 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 covery. mode\n-0000ea50: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a menu entries...\n-0000ea60: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n-0000ea70: 5555 4944 e280 990a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 UUID.... Nor\n-0000ea80: 6d61 6c6c 792c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d mally, ...grub-m\n-0000ea90: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 kconfig... will \n-0000eaa0: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e generate menu en\n-0000eab0: 7472 6965 7320 7468 6174 2075 7365 0a20 tries that use. \n-0000eac0: 2020 2020 756e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d universally-\n-0000ead0: 756e 6971 7565 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 unique identifie\n-0000eae0: 7273 2028 5555 4944 7329 2074 6f20 6964 rs (UUIDs) to id\n-0000eaf0: 656e 7469 6679 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a20 entify various. \n-0000eb00: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 filesystems \n-0000eb10: 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 666f 7220 6669 to search for fi\n-0000eb20: 6c65 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7573 les. 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If you \n-0000ede0: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 need to override\n-0000edf0: 2074 6869 7320 666f 720a 2020 2020 2073 this for. s\n-0000ee00: 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2c20 7468 656e ome reason, then\n-0000ee10: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 you can set thi\n-0000ee20: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 s option... \n-0000ee30: 4166 7465 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e After ...grub-in\n-0000ee40: 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2068 6173 2062 6565 stall... has bee\n-0000ee50: 6e20 7275 6e2c 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c n run, the avail\n-0000ee60: 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 able video drive\n-0000ee70: 7273 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 rs are. list\n-0000ee80: 6564 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 ed in .../boot/g\n-0000ee90: 7275 622f 7669 6465 6f2e 6c73 74e2 8099 rub/video.lst...\n-0000eea0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 4d4f ......GRUB_GFXMO\n-0000eeb0: 4445 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 DE.... 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Dep\n-0000f380: 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206b ending on your k\n-0000f390: 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 ernel, your dist\n-0000f3a0: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 2067 ribution, your g\n-0000f3b0: 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2c0a 2020 raphics card,. \n-0000f3c0: 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6861 7365 and the phase\n-0000f3d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 6e6f of the moon, no\n-0000f3e0: 7465 2074 6861 7420 7573 696e 6720 7468 te that using th\n-0000f3f0: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6361 is option may ca\n-0000f400: 7573 650a 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e use. 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If yo\n-0000f480: 7520 6861 7665 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c u have problems,\n-0000f490: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f . set this o\n-0000f4a0: 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 7465 7874 ption to ...text\n-0000f4b0: e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c ... and GRUB wil\n-0000f4c0: 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 l tell Linux to \n-0000f4d0: 626f 6f74 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 206e 6f72 boot in. nor\n-0000f4e0: 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a mal text mode...\n-0000f4f0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n-0000f500: 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 OS_PROBER.... \n-0000f510: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b The ...grub-mk\n-0000f520: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6861 7320 6120 config... has a \n-0000f530: 6665 6174 7572 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 feature to use t\n-0000f540: 6865 2065 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 e280 986f he external ...o\n-0000f550: 732d 7072 6f62 6572 e280 990a 2020 2020 s-prober.... \n-0000f560: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2074 6f20 6469 7363 program to disc\n-0000f570: 6f76 6572 206f 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 over other opera\n-0000f580: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2069 6e73 ting systems ins\n-0000f590: 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7361 talled on the sa\n-0000f5a0: 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e 6520 me. machine \n-0000f5b0: 616e 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 7070 and generate app\n-0000f5c0: 726f 7072 6961 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e ropriate menu en\n-0000f5d0: 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d 2e20 tries for them. \n-0000f5e0: 2049 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 It is. disa\n-0000f5f0: 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 bled by default \n-0000f600: 7369 6e63 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 since automatic \n-0000f610: 616e 6420 7369 6c65 6e74 2065 7865 6375 and silent execu\n-0000f620: 7469 6f6e 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 tion of. ...\n-0000f630: 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2c20 616e os-prober..., an\n-0000f640: 6420 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 d creating boot \n-0000f650: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6261 7365 6420 6f6e entries based on\n-0000f660: 2074 6861 7420 6461 7461 2c20 6973 2061 that data, is a\n-0000f670: 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 . potential \n-0000f680: 6174 7461 636b 2076 6563 746f 722e 2020 attack vector. \n-0000f690: 5365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 Set this option \n-0000f6a0: 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2074 to ...false... t\n-0000f6b0: 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2074 6869 730a 2020 o enable this. \n-0000f6c0: 2020 2066 6561 7475 7265 2069 6e20 7468 feature in th\n-0000f6d0: 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 e ...grub-mkconf\n-0000f6e0: 6967 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a ig... command...\n-0000f6f0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 ...GRUB_OS_PROBE\n-0000f700: 525f 534b 4950 5f4c 4953 54e2 8099 0a20 R_SKIP_LIST.... \n-0000f710: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 6620 7370 6163 List of spac\n-0000f720: 652d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 4653 2055 e-separated FS U\n-0000f730: 5549 4473 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7379 7374 UIDs of filesyst\n-0000f740: 656d 7320 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 ems to be ignore\n-0000f750: 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 6f73 2d70 d from. os-p\n-0000f760: 726f 6265 7220 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2046 rober output. F\n-0000f770: 6f72 2065 6669 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 or efi chainload\n-0000f780: 6572 7320 6974 2773 203c 5555 4944 3e40 ers it's @\n-0000f790: 3c45 4649 2046 494c 453e 0a0a e280 9847 .....G\n-0000f7a0: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5355 424d RUB_DISABLE_SUBM\n-0000f7b0: 454e 55e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 726d ENU.... Norm\n-0000f7c0: 616c 6c79 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ally, ...grub-mk\n-0000f7d0: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2067 config... will g\n-0000f7e0: 656e 6572 6174 6520 746f 7020 6c65 7665 enerate top leve\n-0000f7f0: 6c20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 l menu entry for\n-0000f800: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c . the kernel\n-0000f810: 2077 6974 6820 6869 6768 6573 7420 7665 with highest ve\n-0000f820: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 rsion number and\n-0000f830: 2070 7574 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2066 put all other f\n-0000f840: 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c ound. kernel\n-0000f850: 7320 6f72 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 s or alternative\n-0000f860: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f menu entries fo\n-0000f870: 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 6520 r recovery mode \n-0000f880: 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e0a 2020 2020 in submenu.. \n-0000f890: 2046 6f72 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2072 6574 For entries ret\n-0000f8a0: 7572 6e65 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 urned by ...os-p\n-0000f8b0: 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2066 6972 7374 2065 rober... first e\n-0000f8c0: 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 7574 ntry will be put\n-0000f8d0: 206f 6e20 746f 700a 2020 2020 206c 6576 on top. lev\n-0000f8e0: 656c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 el and all other\n-0000f8f0: 7320 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 s in submenu. I\n-0000f900: 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 f this option is\n-0000f910: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 set to ...true.\n-0000f920: 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 2066 6c61 7420 6d65 ..,. flat me\n-0000f930: 6e75 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 656e 7472 nu with all entr\n-0000f940: 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6f70 206c 6576 656c ies on top level\n-0000f950: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 will be generat\n-0000f960: 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 ed instead.. \n-0000f970: 2043 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f Changing this o\n-0000f980: 7074 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 ption will requi\n-0000f990: 7265 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 6578 6973 re changing exis\n-0000f9a0: 7469 6e67 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 ting values of. \n-0000f9b0: 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 ...GRUB_DEFA\n-0000f9c0: 554c 54e2 8099 2c20 e280 9866 616c 6c62 ULT..., ...fallb\n-0000f9d0: 6163 6be2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6661 ack... (*note fa\n-0000f9e0: 6c6c 6261 636b 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 e280 llback::) and ..\n-0000f9f0: 9864 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f .default... (*no\n-0000fa00: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 743a te. default:\n-0000fa10: 3a29 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 :) environment v\n-0000fa20: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7320 7765 6c6c ariables as well\n-0000fa30: 2061 7320 7361 7665 6420 6465 6661 756c as saved defaul\n-0000fa40: 7420 656e 7472 790a 2020 2020 2075 7369 t entry. usi\n-0000fa50: 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 ng ...grub-set-d\n-0000fa60: 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 616e 6420 7661 efault... and va\n-0000fa70: 6c75 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 lue used with ..\n-0000fa80: 9867 7275 622d 7265 626f 6f74 e280 992e .grub-reboot....\n-0000fa90: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 454e 4142 4c45 .....GRUB_ENABLE\n-0000faa0: 5f43 5259 5054 4f44 4953 4be2 8099 0a20 _CRYPTODISK.... \n-0000fab0: 2020 2020 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 If set to ..\n-0000fac0: 9879 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d .y..., ...grub-m\n-0000fad0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 kconfig... and .\n-0000fae0: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n-0000faf0: 9920 7769 6c6c 2063 6865 636b 2066 6f72 . will check for\n-0000fb00: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 . encrypted \n-0000fb10: 6469 736b 7320 616e 6420 6765 6e65 7261 disks and genera\n-0000fb20: 7465 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 636f te additional co\n-0000fb30: 6d6d 616e 6473 206e 6565 6465 6420 746f mmands needed to\n-0000fb40: 2061 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 access. the\n-0000fb50: 6d20 6475 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 m during boot. \n-0000fb60: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 696e 2074 6869 Note that in thi\n-0000fb70: 7320 6361 7365 2075 6e61 7474 656e 6465 s case unattende\n-0000fb80: 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 d boot is not. \n-0000fb90: 2020 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 6265 6361 possible beca\n-0000fba0: 7573 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7761 use GRUB will wa\n-0000fbb0: 6974 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 it for passphras\n-0000fbc0: 6520 746f 2075 6e6c 6f63 6b20 656e 6372 e to unlock encr\n-0000fbd0: 7970 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 ypted. conta\n-0000fbe0: 696e 6572 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f49 iner......GRUB_I\n-0000fbf0: 4e49 545f 5455 4e45 e280 990a 2020 2020 NIT_TUNE.... \n-0000fc00: 2050 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 206f 6e20 Play a tune on \n-0000fc10: 7468 6520 7370 6561 6b65 7220 7768 656e the speaker when\n-0000fc20: 2047 5255 4220 7374 6172 7473 2e20 2054 GRUB starts. T\n-0000fc30: 6869 7320 6973 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 his is particula\n-0000fc40: 726c 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 rly. useful \n-0000fc50: 666f 7220 7573 6572 7320 756e 6162 6c65 for users unable\n-0000fc60: 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7468 6520 7363 7265 to see the scre\n-0000fc70: 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f en. The value o\n-0000fc80: 6620 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 f this. opti\n-0000fc90: 6f6e 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2064 6972 on is passed dir\n-0000fca0: 6563 746c 7920 746f 202a 6e6f 7465 2070 ectly to *note p\n-0000fcb0: 6c61 793a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f lay::......GRUB_\n-0000fcc0: 4241 4452 414d e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 BADRAM.... I\n-0000fcd0: 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 f this option is\n-0000fce0: 2073 6574 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 set, GRUB will \n-0000fcf0: 6973 7375 6520 6120 2a6e 6f74 6520 6261 issue a *note ba\n-0000fd00: 6472 616d 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 dram:: command t\n-0000fd10: 6f0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 7465 7220 6f75 o. filter ou\n-0000fd20: 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 t specified regi\n-0000fd30: 6f6e 7320 6f66 2052 414d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ons of RAM......\n-0000fd40: 4752 5542 5f50 5245 4c4f 4144 5f4d 4f44 GRUB_PRELOAD_MOD\n-0000fd50: 554c 4553 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 ULES.... Thi\n-0000fd60: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 s option may be \n-0000fd70: 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 set to a list of\n-0000fd80: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 206e 616d GRUB module nam\n-0000fd90: 6573 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 790a es separated by.\n-0000fda0: 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 732e 2020 4561 spaces. Ea\n-0000fdb0: 6368 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 ch module will b\n-0000fdc0: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7320 6561 726c e loaded as earl\n-0000fdd0: 7920 6173 2070 6f73 7369 626c 652c 2061 y as possible, a\n-0000fde0: 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7274 t the. start\n-0000fdf0: 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 of ...grub.cfg.\n-0000fe00: 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f52 4543 ........GRUB_REC\n-0000fe10: 4f52 4446 4149 4c5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 ORDFAIL_TIMEOUT.\n-0000fe20: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 ... If this \n-0000fe30: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 option is set, i\n-0000fe40: 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 t overrides the \n-0000fe50: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7265 636f 7264 6661 default recordfa\n-0000fe60: 696c 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 il setting.. \n-0000fe70: 2041 2073 6574 7469 6e67 206f 6620 2d31 A setting of -1\n-0000fe80: 2063 6175 7365 7320 4752 5542 2074 6f20 causes GRUB to \n-0000fe90: 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7220 696e wait for user in\n-0000fea0: 7075 7420 696e 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 put indefinitely\n-0000feb0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 .. 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The\n-0000ff50: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6574 7469 6e67 default setting\n-0000ff60: 2069 7320 3330 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 is 30, which ca\n-0000ff70: 7573 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 6169 uses GRUB to wai\n-0000ff80: 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7220 t. for user \n-0000ff90: 696e 7075 7420 666f 7220 7468 6972 7479 input for thirty\n-0000ffa0: 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 6520 seconds before \n-0000ffb0: 636f 6e74 696e 7569 6e67 2e20 2054 6869 continuing. 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The follo\n-00010240: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 wing options are\n-00010250: 2073 7469 6c6c 2061 6363 6570 7465 6420 still accepted \n-00010260: 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 for compatibilit\n-00010270: 7920 7769 7468 0a65 7869 7374 696e 6720 y with.existing \n-00010280: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 configurations, \n-00010290: 6275 7420 6861 7665 2062 6574 7465 7220 but have better \n-000102a0: 7265 706c 6163 656d 656e 7473 3a0a 0ae2 replacements:...\n-000102b0: 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 ..GRUB_HIDDEN_TI\n-000102c0: 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5761 MEOUT.... Wa\n-000102d0: 6974 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 it this many sec\n-000102e0: 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6469 7370 onds before disp\n-000102f0: 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752e laying the menu.\n-00010300: 2020 4966 203c 4553 433e 206f 720a 2020 If or. \n-00010310: 2020 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 6573 are pres\n-00010320: 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 sed, or \n-00010330: 6973 2068 656c 6420 646f 776e 2064 7572 is held down dur\n-00010340: 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 696d 652c 2064 ing that time, d\n-00010350: 6973 706c 6179 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 isplay. the \n-00010360: 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 7420 666f menu and wait fo\n-00010370: 7220 696e 7075 7420 6163 636f 7264 696e r input accordin\n-00010380: 6720 746f 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d g to ...GRUB_TIM\n-00010390: 454f 5554 e280 992e 2020 4966 2061 0a20 EOUT.... If a. \n-000103a0: 2020 2020 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 6f63 hotkey assoc\n-000103b0: 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e iated with a men\n-000103c0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 u entry is press\n-000103d0: 6564 2c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2061 7373 ed, boot the ass\n-000103e0: 6f63 6961 7465 640a 2020 2020 206d 656e ociated. men\n-000103f0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 u entry immediat\n-00010400: 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 696d ely. If the tim\n-00010410: 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 6573 2062 6566 eout expires bef\n-00010420: 6f72 6520 6569 7468 6572 206f 660a 2020 ore either of. \n-00010430: 2020 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 6e73 these happens\n-00010440: 2c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6d65 , display the me\n-00010450: 6e75 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 nu for the numbe\n-00010460: 7220 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2073 7065 r of seconds spe\n-00010470: 6369 6669 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 20e2 cified. in .\n-00010480: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT..\n-00010490: 9920 6265 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 . before booting\n-000104a0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 the default ent\n-000104b0: 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ry... If you\n-000104c0: 2073 6574 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 set ...GRUB_HID\n-000104d0: 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 DEN_TIMEOUT..., \n-000104e0: 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 6c73 6f20 you should also \n-000104f0: 7365 740a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 set. ...GRUB\n-00010500: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 3d30 e280 9920 736f _TIMEOUT=0... so\n-00010510: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 that the menu i\n-00010520: 7320 6e6f 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 s not displayed \n-00010530: 6174 2061 6c6c 2075 6e6c 6573 730a 2020 at all unless. \n-00010540: 2020 203c 4553 433e 206f 7220 3c46 343e or \n-00010550: 2061 7265 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6f72 are pressed, or\n-00010560: 203c 5348 4946 543e 2069 7320 6865 6c64 is held\n-00010570: 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 down... Thi\n-00010580: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 s option is unse\n-00010590: 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 616e t by default, an\n-000105a0: 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 d is deprecated \n-000105b0: 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 in favour of the\n-000105c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 . less confu\n-000105d0: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d sing ...GRUB_TIM\n-000105e0: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 EOUT_STYLE=count\n-000105f0: 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 down... or. \n-00010600: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f ...GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n-00010610: 5354 594c 453d 6869 6464 656e e280 992e STYLE=hidden....\n-00010620: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4849 4444 454e .....GRUB_HIDDEN\n-00010630: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f51 5549 4554 e280 _TIMEOUT_QUIET..\n-00010640: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 636f 6e6a 756e .. In conjun\n-00010650: 6374 696f 6e20 7769 7468 20e2 8098 4752 ction with ...GR\n-00010660: 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 UB_HIDDEN_TIMEOU\n-00010670: 54e2 8099 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 2074 T..., set this t\n-00010680: 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2074 6f0a o ...true... to.\n-00010690: 2020 2020 2073 7570 7072 6573 7320 7468 suppress th\n-000106a0: 6520 7665 7262 6f73 6520 636f 756e 7464 e verbose countd\n-000106b0: 6f77 6e20 7768 696c 6520 7761 6974 696e own while waitin\n-000106c0: 6720 666f 7220 6120 6b65 7920 746f 2062 g for a key to b\n-000106d0: 650a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7373 6564 2062 e. pressed b\n-000106e0: 6566 6f72 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 efore displaying\n-000106f0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 the menu... \n-00010700: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 This option is \n-00010710: 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 unset by default\n-00010720: 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 6361 , and is depreca\n-00010730: 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 ted in favour of\n-00010740: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 2063 the. less c\n-00010750: 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 5542 onfusing ...GRUB\n-00010760: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 _TIMEOUT_STYLE=c\n-00010770: 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 992e 0a0a e280 ountdown........\n-00010780: 9847 5255 425f 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d .GRUB_HIDDEN_TIM\n-00010790: 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 EOUT_BUTTON.... \n-000107a0: 2020 2020 5661 7269 616e 7420 6f66 20e2 Variant of .\n-000107b0: 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 ..GRUB_HIDDEN_TI\n-000107c0: 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 7573 6564 2074 MEOUT..., used t\n-000107d0: 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 o support vendor\n-000107e0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 2020 2070 -specific. p\n-000107f0: 6f77 6572 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2e20 202a ower buttons. *\n-00010800: 4e6f 7465 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 Note Vendor powe\n-00010810: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 r-on keys::... \n-00010820: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 This option i\n-00010830: 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 s unset by defau\n-00010840: 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 lt, and is depre\n-00010850: 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 cated in favour \n-00010860: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 of the. less\n-00010870: 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 confusing ...GR\n-00010880: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 UB_TIMEOUT_STYLE\n-00010890: 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 =countdown... or\n-000108a0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 . ...GRUB_TI\n-000108b0: 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 6464 MEOUT_STYLE=hidd\n-000108c0: 656e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 206d en...... For m\n-000108d0: 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 6564 2063 7573 ore detailed cus\n-000108e0: 746f 6d69 7361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 tomisation of ..\n-000108f0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n-00010900: 9927 7320 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 796f 7520 .'s output, you \n-00010910: 6d61 790a 6564 6974 2074 6865 2073 6372 may.edit the scr\n-00010920: 6970 7473 2069 6e20 e280 982f 6574 632f ipts in .../etc/\n-00010930: 6772 7562 2e64 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 grub.d... direct\n-00010940: 6c79 2e20 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 ly. .../etc/gru\n-00010950: 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 8099 b.d/40_custom...\n-00010960: 2069 730a 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 is.particularly\n-00010970: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6164 6469 useful for addi\n-00010980: 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6375 7374 6f6d ng entire custom\n-00010990: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 733b 2073 menu entries; s\n-000109a0: 696d 706c 7920 7479 7065 0a74 6865 206d imply type.the m\n-000109b0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 796f 7520 enu entries you \n-000109c0: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6174 2074 want to add at t\n-000109d0: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6174 2066 he end of that f\n-000109e0: 696c 652c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 ile, making sure\n-000109f0: 2074 6f0a 6c65 6176 6520 6174 206c 6561 to.leave at lea\n-00010a00: 7374 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 776f st the first two\n-00010a10: 206c 696e 6573 2069 6e74 6163 742e 0a0a lines intact...\n-00010a20: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00010a30: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6f74 2049 o, Node: Root I\n-00010a40: 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 dentifcation Heu\n-00010a50: 7269 7374 6963 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ristics, Next: \n-00010a60: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n-00010a70: 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 696d ting, Prev: Sim\n-00010a80: 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple configuratio\n-00010a90: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 n, Up: Configur\n-00010aa0: 6174 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e32 2052 6f6f 7420 ation..6.2 Root \n-00010ab0: 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 Identifcation He\n-00010ac0: 7572 6973 7469 6373 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d uristics.=======\n+0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+0000c0a0: 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 he program ...gr\n+0000c0b0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 ub-mkconfig... (\n+0000c0c0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 *note Invoking g\n+0000c0d0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2920 rub-mkconfig::) \n+0000c0e0: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 730a e280 9867 7275 generates....gru\n+0000c0f0: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 696c 6573 2073 b.cfg... files s\n+0000c100: 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 uitable for most\n+0000c110: 2063 6173 6573 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 cases. It is s\n+0000c120: 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 uitable for use \n+0000c130: 7768 656e 0a75 7067 7261 6469 6e67 2061 when.upgrading a\n+0000c140: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2061 distribution, a\n+0000c150: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 nd will discover\n+0000c160: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206b 6572 6e65 available kerne\n+0000c170: 6c73 2061 6e64 0a61 7474 656d 7074 2074 ls and.attempt t\n+0000c180: 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 o generate menu \n+0000c190: 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d entries for them\n+0000c1a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ... ...grub-mk\n+0000c1b0: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 646f 6573 2068 config... does h\n+0000c1c0: 6176 6520 736f 6d65 206c 696d 6974 6174 ave some limitat\n+0000c1d0: 696f 6e73 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 2061 6464 ions. While add\n+0000c1e0: 696e 6720 6578 7472 610a 6375 7374 6f6d ing extra.custom\n+0000c1f0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 746f menu entries to\n+0000c200: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 the end of the \n+0000c210: 6c69 7374 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 list can be done\n+0000c220: 2062 7920 6564 6974 696e 670a e280 982f by editing..../\n+0000c230: 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 etc/grub.d/40_cu\n+0000c240: 7374 6f6d e280 9920 6f72 2063 7265 6174 stom... or creat\n+0000c250: 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ing .../boot/gru\n+0000c260: 622f 6375 7374 6f6d 2e63 6667 e280 992c b/custom.cfg...,\n+0000c270: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 670a 7468 6520 6f72 changing.the or\n+0000c280: 6465 7220 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 der of menu entr\n+0000c290: 6965 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 ies or changing \n+0000c2a0: 7468 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 206d 6179 their titles may\n+0000c2b0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 206d 616b 696e 670a require making.\n+0000c2c0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7820 6368 616e 6765 7320 complex changes \n+0000c2d0: 746f 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 6970 7473 to shell scripts\n+0000c2e0: 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 stored in .../e\n+0000c2f0: 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f e280 992e 2020 tc/grub.d/.... \n+0000c300: 5468 6973 206d 6179 2062 650a 696d 7072 This may be.impr\n+0000c310: 6f76 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 oved in the futu\n+0000c320: 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 616e re. In the mean\n+0000c330: 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6f73 6520 7768 6f20 time, those who \n+0000c340: 6665 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 2077 6f75 feel that it wou\n+0000c350: 6c64 0a62 6520 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 ld.be easier to \n+0000c360: 7772 6974 6520 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 write ...grub.cf\n+0000c370: 67e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6172 g... directly ar\n+0000c380: 6520 656e 636f 7572 6167 6564 2074 6f20 e encouraged to \n+0000c390: 646f 2073 6f20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a42 6f6f do so (*note.Boo\n+0000c3a0: 7469 6e67 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 ting::, and *not\n+0000c3b0: 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 e Shell-like scr\n+0000c3c0: 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2074 ipting::), and t\n+0000c3d0: 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 616e 7920 7379 o disable any sy\n+0000c3e0: 7374 656d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 stem.provided by\n+0000c3f0: 2074 6865 6972 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 their distribut\n+0000c400: 696f 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 ion to automatic\n+0000c410: 616c 6c79 2072 756e 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ally run ...grub\n+0000c420: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 -mkconfig...... \n+0000c430: 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f65 The file .../e\n+0000c440: 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 tc/default/grub.\n+0000c450: 8099 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 .. controls the \n+0000c460: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 0ae2 8098 operation of....\n+0000c470: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+0000c480: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 6f75 7263 6564 . It is sourced\n+0000c490: 2062 7920 6120 7368 656c 6c20 7363 7269 by a shell scri\n+0000c4a0: 7074 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206d 7573 7420 pt, and so must \n+0000c4b0: 6265 2076 616c 6964 0a50 4f53 4958 2073 be valid.POSIX s\n+0000c4c0: 6865 6c6c 2069 6e70 7574 3b20 6e6f 726d hell input; norm\n+0000c4d0: 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6a75 ally, it will ju\n+0000c4e0: 7374 2062 6520 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 st be a sequence\n+0000c4f0: 206f 6620 e280 984b 4559 3d76 616c 7565 of ...KEY=value\n+0000c500: e280 990a 6c69 6e65 732c 2062 7574 2069 ....lines, but i\n+0000c510: 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 636f 6e74 f the value cont\n+0000c520: 6169 6e73 2073 7061 6365 7320 6f72 206f ains spaces or o\n+0000c530: 7468 6572 2073 7065 6369 616c 2063 6861 ther special cha\n+0000c540: 7261 6374 6572 7320 7468 656e 0a69 7420 racters then.it \n+0000c550: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7175 6f74 6564 2e20 must be quoted. \n+0000c560: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 For example:.. \n+0000c570: 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 GRUB_TERMINA\n+0000c580: 4c5f 494e 5055 543d 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 L_INPUT=\"console\n+0000c590: 2073 6572 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 2056 616c serial\".. Val\n+0000c5a0: 6964 206b 6579 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 id keys in .../e\n+0000c5b0: 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 tc/default/grub.\n+0000c5c0: 8099 2061 7265 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 .. are as follow\n+0000c5d0: 733a 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 s:.....GRUB_DEFA\n+0000c5e0: 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ULT.... The \n+0000c5f0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 default menu ent\n+0000c600: 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 ry. This may be\n+0000c610: 2061 206e 756d 6265 722c 2069 6e20 7768 a number, in wh\n+0000c620: 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 740a 2020 2020 ich case it. \n+0000c630: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 identifies the \n+0000c640: 4e74 6820 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 Nth entry in the\n+0000c650: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 generated menu \n+0000c660: 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 counted from zer\n+0000c670: 6f2c 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 2074 6865 2074 o,. or the t\n+0000c680: 6974 6c65 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 itle of a menu e\n+0000c690: 6e74 7279 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2073 7065 ntry, or the spe\n+0000c6a0: 6369 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 e280 9873 cial string ...s\n+0000c6b0: 6176 6564 e280 992e 2020 5573 696e 670a aved.... Using.\n+0000c6c0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 6420 6d61 7920 the id may \n+0000c6d0: 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6966 2079 6f75 be useful if you\n+0000c6e0: 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2061 206d want to set a m\n+0000c6f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6173 2074 6865 enu entry as the\n+0000c700: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 6576 default. ev\n+0000c710: 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 6572 6520 en though there \n+0000c720: 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c may be a variabl\n+0000c730: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 7472 e number of entr\n+0000c740: 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 2069 742e 0a0a ies before it...\n+0000c750: 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 For example\n+0000c760: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a , if you have:..\n+0000c770: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2027 menuentry '\n+0000c780: 4578 616d 706c 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 Example GNU/Linu\n+0000c790: 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 x distribution' \n+0000c7a0: 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 --class gnu-linu\n+0000c7b0: 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 x --id example-g\n+0000c7c0: 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 207b 0a20 2020 2020 nu-linux {. \n+0000c7d0: 092e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 ..... }.. \n+0000c7e0: 2020 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d then you can m\n+0000c7f0: 616b 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 ake this the def\n+0000c800: 6175 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 ault using:.. \n+0000c810: 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 4445 4641 GRUB_DEFA\n+0000c820: 554c 543d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d ULT=example-gnu-\n+0000c830: 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6576 linux.. Prev\n+0000c840: 696f 7573 6c79 2069 7420 7761 7320 646f iously it was do\n+0000c850: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2074 6865 2077 6179 cumented the way\n+0000c860: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 656e 7472 7920 7469 to use entry ti\n+0000c870: 746c 652e 2020 5768 696c 650a 2020 2020 tle. While. \n+0000c880: 2074 6869 7320 7374 696c 6c20 776f 726b this still work\n+0000c890: 7320 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d s it's not recom\n+0000c8a0: 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 2074 6974 mended since tit\n+0000c8b0: 6c65 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 les often contai\n+0000c8c0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 7461 626c 6520 n. unstable \n+0000c8d0: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2061 6e64 device names and\n+0000c8e0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 may be translat\n+0000c8f0: 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 ed.. If you \n+0000c900: 7365 7420 7468 6973 2074 6f20 e280 9873 set this to ...s\n+0000c910: 6176 6564 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 aved..., then th\n+0000c920: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 e default menu e\n+0000c930: 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 ntry will be. \n+0000c940: 2020 7468 6174 2073 6176 6564 2062 7920 that saved by \n+0000c950: e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 ...GRUB_SAVEDEFA\n+0000c960: 554c 54e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9867 7275 ULT... or ...gru\n+0000c970: 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 b-set-default...\n+0000c980: 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2072 656c . This. rel\n+0000c990: 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 ies on the envir\n+0000c9a0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 onment block, wh\n+0000c9b0: 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 ich may not be a\n+0000c9c0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 616c 6c0a vailable in all.\n+0000c9d0: 2020 2020 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 situations \n+0000c9e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 (*note Environme\n+0000c9f0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 nt block::)... \n+0000ca00: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n+0000ca10: 7320 e280 9830 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 s ...0.........G\n+0000ca20: 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 RUB_SAVEDEFAULT.\n+0000ca30: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 ... If this \n+0000ca40: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f option is set to\n+0000ca50: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 6865 ...true..., the\n+0000ca60: 6e2c 2077 6865 6e20 616e 2065 6e74 7279 n, when an entry\n+0000ca70: 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c0a 2020 is selected,. \n+0000ca80: 2020 2073 6176 6520 6974 2061 7320 6120 save it as a \n+0000ca90: 6e65 7720 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 new default entr\n+0000caa0: 7920 666f 7220 7573 6520 6279 2066 7574 y for use by fut\n+0000cab0: 7572 6520 7275 6e73 206f 6620 4752 5542 ure runs of GRUB\n+0000cac0: 2e20 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f . This. is o\n+0000cad0: 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 6620 e280 nly useful if ..\n+0000cae0: 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d 7361 .GRUB_DEFAULT=sa\n+0000caf0: 7665 64e2 8099 3b20 6974 2069 7320 6120 ved...; it is a \n+0000cb00: 7365 7061 7261 7465 206f 7074 696f 6e0a separate option.\n+0000cb10: 2020 2020 2062 6563 6175 7365 20e2 8098 because ...\n+0000cb20: 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 3d73 6176 GRUB_DEFAULT=sav\n+0000cb30: 6564 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 ed... is useful \n+0000cb40: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 without this opt\n+0000cb50: 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e ion, in. con\n+0000cb60: 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 e280 junction with ..\n+0000cb70: 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c .grub-set-defaul\n+0000cb80: 74e2 8099 2e20 2055 6e73 6574 2062 7920 t.... Unset by \n+0000cb90: 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 default. This. \n+0000cba0: 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2072 656c 6965 option relie\n+0000cbb0: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e s on the environ\n+0000cbc0: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 ment block, whic\n+0000cbd0: 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 h may not be ava\n+0000cbe0: 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 ilable. in a\n+0000cbf0: 6c6c 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a ll situations (*\n+0000cc00: 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 note Environment\n+0000cc10: 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a e280 9847 block::)......G\n+0000cc20: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 RUB_TIMEOUT.... \n+0000cc30: 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 Boot the def\n+0000cc40: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6869 7320 ault entry this \n+0000cc50: 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2061 6674 many seconds aft\n+0000cc60: 6572 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a20 er the menu is. \n+0000cc70: 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642c 2075 displayed, u\n+0000cc80: 6e6c 6573 7320 6120 6b65 7920 6973 2070 nless a key is p\n+0000cc90: 7265 7373 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 ressed. The def\n+0000cca0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9835 e280 992e ault is ...5....\n+0000ccb0: 2020 5365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 Set to. ..\n+0000ccc0: 9830 e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696d .0... to boot im\n+0000ccd0: 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 7769 7468 6f75 mediately withou\n+0000cce0: 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 t displaying the\n+0000ccf0: 206d 656e 752c 206f 7220 746f 20e2 8098 menu, or to ...\n+0000cd00: 2d31 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7761 -1... to. wa\n+0000cd10: 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e it indefinitely.\n+0000cd20: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 9847 5255 .. If ...GRU\n+0000cd30: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 B_TIMEOUT_STYLE.\n+0000cd40: 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 .. is set to ...\n+0000cd50: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 countdown... or \n+0000cd60: e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 ...hidden..., th\n+0000cd70: 650a 2020 2020 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 e. timeout i\n+0000cd80: 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 s instead counte\n+0000cd90: 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e d before the men\n+0000cda0: 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a u is displayed..\n+0000cdb0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ....GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+0000cdc0: 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 _STYLE.... I\n+0000cdd0: 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 f this option is\n+0000cde0: 2075 6e73 6574 206f 7220 7365 7420 746f unset or set to\n+0000cdf0: 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 2074 6865 ...menu..., the\n+0000ce00: 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 n GRUB will disp\n+0000ce10: 6c61 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 656e lay. the men\n+0000ce20: 7520 616e 6420 7468 656e 2077 6169 7420 u and then wait \n+0000ce30: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 for the timeout \n+0000ce40: 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 set by ...GRUB_T\n+0000ce50: 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 IMEOUT... to. \n+0000ce60: 2020 6578 7069 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6520 expire before \n+0000ce70: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 booting the defa\n+0000ce80: 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 5072 6573 ult entry. Pres\n+0000ce90: 7369 6e67 2061 206b 6579 2069 6e74 6572 sing a key inter\n+0000cea0: 7275 7074 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 rupts. the t\n+0000ceb0: 696d 656f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 imeout... If\n+0000cec0: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n+0000ced0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 set to ...countd\n+0000cee0: 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 own... or ...hid\n+0000cef0: 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 6265 den..., then, be\n+0000cf00: 666f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 fore. displa\n+0000cf10: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2047 ying the menu, G\n+0000cf20: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f RUB will wait fo\n+0000cf30: 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 r the timeout se\n+0000cf40: 7420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 t by. ...GRU\n+0000cf50: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 B_TIMEOUT... to \n+0000cf60: 6578 7069 7265 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 5343 expire. If or are pr\n+0000cf80: 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 essed, or . is held d\n+0000cfa0: 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 own during that \n+0000cfb0: 7469 6d65 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6469 time, it will di\n+0000cfc0: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 splay the menu a\n+0000cfd0: 6e64 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 nd wait. for\n+0000cfe0: 2069 6e70 7574 2e20 2049 6620 6120 686f input. If a ho\n+0000cff0: 746b 6579 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 tkey associated \n+0000d000: 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 with a menu entr\n+0000d010: 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6974 y is pressed, it\n+0000d020: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 . will boot \n+0000d030: 7468 6520 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 206d the associated m\n+0000d040: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 enu entry immedi\n+0000d050: 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 ately. If the t\n+0000d060: 696d 656f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 imeout. expi\n+0000d070: 7265 7320 6265 666f 7265 2065 6974 6865 res before eithe\n+0000d080: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 r of these happe\n+0000d090: 6e73 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 ns, it will boot\n+0000d0a0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 the default. \n+0000d0b0: 2020 656e 7472 792e 2020 496e 2074 6865 entry. In the\n+0000d0c0: 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 ...countdown...\n+0000d0d0: 2063 6173 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2073 case, it will s\n+0000d0e0: 686f 7720 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 6e65 2069 how a one-line i\n+0000d0f0: 6e64 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f ndication. o\n+0000d100: 6620 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 f the remaining \n+0000d110: 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 time......GRUB_D\n+0000d120: 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 EFAULT_BUTTON...\n+0000d130: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ....GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+0000d140: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 _BUTTON.......GR\n+0000d150: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 UB_TIMEOUT_STYLE\n+0000d160: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 _BUTTON.......GR\n+0000d170: 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 UB_BUTTON_CMOS_A\n+0000d180: 4444 5245 5353 e280 990a 2020 2020 2056 DDRESS.... V\n+0000d190: 6172 6961 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 ariants of the c\n+0000d1a0: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2076 6172 orresponding var\n+0000d1b0: 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 iables without t\n+0000d1c0: 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 he ..._BUTTON...\n+0000d1d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 6978 2c20 7573 . suffix, us\n+0000d1e0: 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 ed to support ve\n+0000d1f0: 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 706f ndor-specific po\n+0000d200: 7765 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e wer buttons. *N\n+0000d210: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2056 656e 646f 7220 ote. Vendor \n+0000d220: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e power-on keys::.\n+0000d230: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5354 5249 .....GRUB_DISTRI\n+0000d240: 4255 544f 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 BUTOR.... Se\n+0000d250: 7420 6279 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6f72 t by distributor\n+0000d260: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 s of GRUB to the\n+0000d270: 6972 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 206e ir identifying n\n+0000d280: 616d 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 2020 ame. This is. \n+0000d290: 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 656e 6572 used to gener\n+0000d2a0: 6174 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 ate more informa\n+0000d2b0: 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 tive menu entry \n+0000d2c0: 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 titles......GRUB\n+0000d2d0: 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 _TERMINAL_INPUT.\n+0000d2e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 ... Select t\n+0000d2f0: 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 he terminal inpu\n+0000d300: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 206d t device. You m\n+0000d310: 6179 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 ay select multip\n+0000d320: 6c65 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 le devices. \n+0000d330: 6865 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 here, separated \n+0000d340: 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 by spaces... \n+0000d350: 2056 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 Valid terminal \n+0000d360: 696e 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 input names depe\n+0000d370: 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f nd on the platfo\n+0000d380: 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c rm, but may incl\n+0000d390: 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 ude. ...cons\n+0000d3a0: 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 ole... (native p\n+0000d3b0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 latform console)\n+0000d3c0: 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 , ...serial... (\n+0000d3d0: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 serial terminal)\n+0000d3e0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c ,. ...serial\n+0000d3f0: 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 7365 7269 _... (seri\n+0000d400: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 al terminal with\n+0000d410: 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 explicit port s\n+0000d420: 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 election),. \n+0000d430: e280 9861 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 ...at_keyboard..\n+0000d440: 9920 2850 4320 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 . (PC AT keyboar\n+0000d450: 6429 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 7573 625f 6b65 d), or ...usb_ke\n+0000d460: 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2855 5342 206b yboard... (USB k\n+0000d470: 6579 626f 6172 640a 2020 2020 2075 7369 eyboard. usi\n+0000d480: 6e67 2074 6865 2048 4944 2042 6f6f 7420 ng the HID Boot \n+0000d490: 5072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 666f 7220 6361 Protocol, for ca\n+0000d4a0: 7365 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6669 ses where the fi\n+0000d4b0: 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 740a rmware does not.\n+0000d4c0: 2020 2020 2068 616e 646c 6520 7468 6973 handle this\n+0000d4d0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 )... The def\n+0000d4e0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 ault is to use t\n+0000d4f0: 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 he platform's na\n+0000d500: 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e tive terminal in\n+0000d510: 7075 742e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 put......GRUB_TE\n+0000d520: 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 RMINAL_OUTPUT...\n+0000d530: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 . Select the\n+0000d540: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 terminal output\n+0000d550: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 596f 7520 6d61 device. You ma\n+0000d560: 7920 7365 6c65 6374 206d 756c 7469 706c y select multipl\n+0000d570: 6520 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 2068 e devices. h\n+0000d580: 6572 652c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ere, separated b\n+0000d590: 7920 7370 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 y spaces... \n+0000d5a0: 5661 6c69 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f Valid terminal o\n+0000d5b0: 7574 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 utput names depe\n+0000d5c0: 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f nd on the platfo\n+0000d5d0: 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c rm, but may incl\n+0000d5e0: 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 ude. ...cons\n+0000d5f0: 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 ole... (native p\n+0000d600: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 latform console)\n+0000d610: 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 , ...serial... (\n+0000d620: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 serial terminal)\n+0000d630: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c ,. ...serial\n+0000d640: 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 7365 7269 _... (seri\n+0000d650: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 al terminal with\n+0000d660: 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 explicit port s\n+0000d670: 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 election),. \n+0000d680: e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 2867 ...gfxterm... (g\n+0000d690: 7261 7068 6963 732d 6d6f 6465 206f 7574 raphics-mode out\n+0000d6a0: 7075 7429 2c20 e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 put), ...vga_tex\n+0000d6b0: 74e2 8099 2028 5647 4120 7465 7874 206f t... (VGA text o\n+0000d6c0: 7574 7075 7429 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 utput),. ...\n+0000d6d0: 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 284d 4441 mda_text... (MDA\n+0000d6e0: 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 292c 20e2 text output), .\n+0000d6f0: 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2028 4d6f 7273 ..morse... (Mors\n+0000d700: 652d 636f 6469 6e67 2075 7369 6e67 2073 e-coding using s\n+0000d710: 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2062 6565 7065 ystem. beepe\n+0000d720: 7229 206f 7220 e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 r) or ...spkmode\n+0000d730: 6de2 8099 2028 7369 6d70 6c65 2064 6174 m... (simple dat\n+0000d740: 6120 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2075 7369 6e67 a protocol using\n+0000d750: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7370 6561 6b65 7229 system speaker)\n+0000d760: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 706b 6d6f ... ...spkmo\n+0000d770: 6465 6de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c dem... is useful\n+0000d780: 2077 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 6c20 when no serial \n+0000d790: 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c port is availabl\n+0000d7a0: 652e 2020 436f 6e6e 6563 7420 7468 650a e. Connect the.\n+0000d7b0: 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2073 output of s\n+0000d7c0: 656e 6469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2877 ending system (w\n+0000d7d0: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 6973 2072 756e here GRUB is run\n+0000d7e0: 6e69 6e67 2920 746f 206c 696e 652d 696e ning) to line-in\n+0000d7f0: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2072 6563 6569 7669 of. receivi\n+0000d800: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2875 7375 616c ng system (usual\n+0000d810: 6c79 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 206d 6163 ly developer mac\n+0000d820: 6869 6e65 292e 2020 4f6e 2072 6563 6569 hine). On recei\n+0000d830: 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 ving system. \n+0000d840: 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d compile ...spkm\n+0000d850: 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 76e2 8099 2066 726f odem-recv... fro\n+0000d860: 6d20 e280 9875 7469 6c2f 7370 6b6d 6f64 m ...util/spkmod\n+0000d870: 656d 2d72 6563 762e 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 em-recv.c... and\n+0000d880: 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 run:.. \n+0000d890: 2070 6172 6563 6f72 6420 2d2d 6368 616e parecord --chan\n+0000d8a0: 6e65 6c73 3d31 202d 2d72 6174 653d 3438 nels=1 --rate=48\n+0000d8b0: 3030 3020 2d2d 666f 726d 6174 3d73 3136 000 --format=s16\n+0000d8c0: 6c65 207c 202e 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d le | ./spkmodem-\n+0000d8d0: 7265 6376 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 recv.. 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If ...grub\n+0000e720: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e -mkconfig... can\n+0000e730: 6e6f 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 not identify the\n+0000e740: 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d root filesystem\n+0000e750: 2076 6961 2069 7473 0a20 2020 2020 756e via its. un\n+0000e760: 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 iversally-unique\n+0000e770: 2069 6e64 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 5555 indentifier (UU\n+0000e780: 4944 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 ID), ...grub-mkc\n+0000e790: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e 2075 7365 onfig... can use\n+0000e7a0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 206f the. 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UU\n+0000e880: 4944 2c20 6275 7420 6973 206d 6f72 6520 ID, but is more \n+0000e890: 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2074 6861 6e20 7573 reliable than us\n+0000e8a0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6465 ing the Linux de\n+0000e8b0: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2057 6865 vice names. 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GNU\n+0000f410: 2f4c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 7375 6666 6572 /Linux to suffer\n+0000f420: 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6469 from various di\n+0000f430: 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 splay problems, \n+0000f440: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 0a20 2020 particularly. \n+0000f450: 2020 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6172 during the ear\n+0000f460: 6c79 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2062 ly part of the b\n+0000f470: 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 2049 oot sequence. 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The ...gru\n+0000f520: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6861 b-mkconfig... ha\n+0000f530: 7320 6120 6665 6174 7572 6520 746f 2075 s a feature to u\n+0000f540: 7365 2074 6865 2065 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 se the external \n+0000f550: e280 986f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 e280 990a ...os-prober....\n+0000f560: 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d 2074 6f20 program to \n+0000f570: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 206f 7468 6572 206f discover other o\n+0000f580: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n+0000f590: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 7468 installed on th\n+0000f5a0: 6520 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 e same. mach\n+0000f5b0: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 ine and generate\n+0000f5c0: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 206d 656e appropriate men\n+0000f5d0: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 u entries for th\n+0000f5e0: 656d 2e20 2049 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 em. It is. \n+0000f5f0: 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 disabled by defa\n+0000f600: 756c 7420 7369 6e63 6520 6175 746f 6d61 ult since automa\n+0000f610: 7469 6320 616e 6420 7369 6c65 6e74 2065 tic and silent e\n+0000f620: 7865 6375 7469 6f6e 206f 660a 2020 2020 xecution of. \n+0000f630: 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 ...os-prober...\n+0000f640: 2c20 616e 6420 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2062 , and creating b\n+0000f650: 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 7320 6261 7365 oot entries base\n+0000f660: 6420 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6461 7461 2c20 d on that data, \n+0000f670: 6973 2061 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 is a. potent\n+0000f680: 6961 6c20 6174 7461 636b 2076 6563 746f ial attack vecto\n+0000f690: 722e 2020 5365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 r. Set this opt\n+0000f6a0: 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 ion to ...false.\n+0000f6b0: 8099 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2074 6869 .. to enable thi\n+0000f6c0: 730a 2020 2020 2066 6561 7475 7265 2069 s. feature i\n+0000f6d0: 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b n the ...grub-mk\n+0000f6e0: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e config... comman\n+0000f6f0: 642e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4f53 5f50 d......GRUB_OS_P\n+0000f700: 524f 4245 525f 534b 4950 5f4c 4953 54e2 ROBER_SKIP_LIST.\n+0000f710: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 6620 ... List of \n+0000f720: 7370 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 space-separated \n+0000f730: 4653 2055 5549 4473 206f 6620 6669 6c65 FS UUIDs of file\n+0000f740: 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2062 6520 6967 systems to be ig\n+0000f750: 6e6f 7265 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 nored from. \n+0000f760: 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 6f75 7470 7574 os-prober output\n+0000f770: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 6669 2063 6861 696e . For efi chain\n+0000f780: 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6974 2773 203c 5555 loaders it's @..\n+0000f7a0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n+0000f7b0: 5355 424d 454e 55e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 SUBMENU.... \n+0000f7c0: 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 e280 9867 7275 Normally, ...gru\n+0000f7d0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 b-mkconfig... wi\n+0000f7e0: 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 746f 7020 ll generate top \n+0000f7f0: 6c65 7665 6c20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 level menu entry\n+0000f800: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 for. the ke\n+0000f810: 726e 656c 2077 6974 6820 6869 6768 6573 rnel with highes\n+0000f820: 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 t version number\n+0000f830: 2061 6e64 2070 7574 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 and put all oth\n+0000f840: 6572 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 er found. ke\n+0000f850: 726e 656c 7320 6f72 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 rnels or alterna\n+0000f860: 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 tive menu entrie\n+0000f870: 7320 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d s for recovery m\n+0000f880: 6f64 6520 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e0a ode in submenu..\n+0000f890: 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 6e74 7269 6573 For entries\n+0000f8a0: 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 20e2 8098 returned by ...\n+0000f8b0: 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2066 6972 os-prober... fir\n+0000f8c0: 7374 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 st entry will be\n+0000f8d0: 2070 7574 206f 6e20 746f 700a 2020 2020 put on top. \n+0000f8e0: 206c 6576 656c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 206f level and all o\n+0000f8f0: 7468 6572 7320 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 thers in submenu\n+0000f900: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f . If this optio\n+0000f910: 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 n is set to ...t\n+0000f920: 7275 65e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 2066 6c61 rue...,. fla\n+0000f930: 7420 6d65 6e75 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 t menu with all \n+0000f940: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6f70 206c entries on top l\n+0000f950: 6576 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e evel will be gen\n+0000f960: 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a erated instead..\n+0000f970: 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 Changing th\n+0000f980: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2072 is option will r\n+0000f990: 6571 7569 7265 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 equire changing \n+0000f9a0: 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2076 616c 7565 7320 existing values \n+0000f9b0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f of. ...GRUB_\n+0000f9c0: 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 2c20 e280 9866 DEFAULT..., ...f\n+0000f9d0: 616c 6c62 6163 6be2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 allback... (*not\n+0000f9e0: 6520 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 3a3a 2920 616e e fallback::) an\n+0000f9f0: 6420 e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 d ...default... \n+0000fa00: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 (*note. defa\n+0000fa10: 756c 743a 3a29 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 ult::) environme\n+0000fa20: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7320 nt variables as \n+0000fa30: 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7361 7665 6420 6465 well as saved de\n+0000fa40: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 790a 2020 2020 fault entry. \n+0000fa50: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 using ...grub-s\n+0000fa60: 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 616e et-default... an\n+0000fa70: 6420 7661 6c75 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 d value used wit\n+0000fa80: 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d 7265 626f 6f74 h ...grub-reboot\n+0000fa90: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 454e .........GRUB_EN\n+0000faa0: 4142 4c45 5f43 5259 5054 4f44 4953 4be2 ABLE_CRYPTODISK.\n+0000fab0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2073 6574 2074 ... If set t\n+0000fac0: 6f20 e280 9879 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6772 o ...y..., ...gr\n+0000fad0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 ub-mkconfig... a\n+0000fae0: 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 nd ...grub-insta\n+0000faf0: 6c6c e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2063 6865 636b ll... will check\n+0000fb00: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 for. encryp\n+0000fb10: 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 616e 6420 6765 ted disks and ge\n+0000fb20: 6e65 7261 7465 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 nerate additiona\n+0000fb30: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206e 6565 6465 l commands neede\n+0000fb40: 6420 746f 2061 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 d to access. \n+0000fb50: 2074 6865 6d20 6475 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f them during boo\n+0000fb60: 742e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 696e t. Note that in\n+0000fb70: 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2075 6e61 7474 this case unatt\n+0000fb80: 656e 6465 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6e6f ended boot is no\n+0000fb90: 740a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 t. possible \n+0000fba0: 6265 6361 7573 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c because GRUB wil\n+0000fbb0: 6c20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7370 l wait for passp\n+0000fbc0: 6872 6173 6520 746f 2075 6e6c 6f63 6b20 hrase to unlock \n+0000fbd0: 656e 6372 7970 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 encrypted. c\n+0000fbe0: 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 ontainer......GR\n+0000fbf0: 5542 5f49 4e49 545f 5455 4e45 e280 990a UB_INIT_TUNE....\n+0000fc00: 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 Play a tune\n+0000fc10: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6561 6b65 7220 on the speaker \n+0000fc20: 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7374 6172 7473 when GRUB starts\n+0000fc30: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2070 6172 7469 . This is parti\n+0000fc40: 6375 6c61 726c 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 cularly. use\n+0000fc50: 6675 6c20 666f 7220 7573 6572 7320 756e ful for users un\n+0000fc60: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7468 6520 able to see the \n+0000fc70: 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c screen. The val\n+0000fc80: 7565 206f 6620 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 ue of this. \n+0000fc90: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 option is passed\n+0000fca0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f 202a 6e6f directly to *no\n+0000fcb0: 7465 2070 6c61 793a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 te play::......G\n+0000fcc0: 5255 425f 4241 4452 414d e280 990a 2020 RUB_BADRAM.... \n+0000fcd0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f If this optio\n+0000fce0: 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2c20 4752 5542 2077 n is set, GRUB w\n+0000fcf0: 696c 6c20 6973 7375 6520 6120 2a6e 6f74 ill issue a *not\n+0000fd00: 6520 6261 6472 616d 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 e badram:: comma\n+0000fd10: 6e64 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 7465 nd to. filte\n+0000fd20: 7220 6f75 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 r out specified \n+0000fd30: 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 2052 414d 2e0a regions of RAM..\n+0000fd40: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f50 5245 4c4f 4144 ....GRUB_PRELOAD\n+0000fd50: 5f4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a 2020 2020 _MODULES.... \n+0000fd60: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 This option may\n+0000fd70: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 be set to a lis\n+0000fd80: 7420 6f66 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 t of GRUB module\n+0000fd90: 206e 616d 6573 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 names separated\n+0000fda0: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 732e by. spaces.\n+0000fdb0: 2020 4561 6368 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7769 Each module wi\n+0000fdc0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7320 ll be loaded as \n+0000fdd0: 6561 726c 7920 6173 2070 6f73 7369 626c early as possibl\n+0000fde0: 652c 2061 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 e, at the. s\n+0000fdf0: 7461 7274 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622e tart of ...grub.\n+0000fe00: 6366 67e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 cfg.........GRUB\n+0000fe10: 5f52 4543 4f52 4446 4149 4c5f 5449 4d45 _RECORDFAIL_TIME\n+0000fe20: 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 OUT.... If t\n+0000fe30: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n+0000fe40: 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 t, it overrides \n+0000fe50: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7265 636f the default reco\n+0000fe60: 7264 6661 696c 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2e0a rdfail setting..\n+0000fe70: 2020 2020 2041 2073 6574 7469 6e67 206f A setting o\n+0000fe80: 6620 2d31 2063 6175 7365 7320 4752 5542 f -1 causes GRUB\n+0000fe90: 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2075 7365 to wait for use\n+0000fea0: 7220 696e 7075 7420 696e 6465 6669 6e69 r input indefini\n+0000feb0: 7465 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2048 6f77 6576 tely.. Howev\n+0000fec0: 6572 2c20 6120 6661 6c73 6520 706f 7369 er, a false posi\n+0000fed0: 7469 7665 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7265 636f tive in the reco\n+0000fee0: 7264 6661 696c 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d rdfail mechanism\n+0000fef0: 206d 6179 206f 6363 7572 2069 660a 2020 may occur if. \n+0000ff00: 2020 2070 6f77 6572 2069 7320 6c6f 7374 power is lost\n+0000ff10: 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2062 6566 during boot bef\n+0000ff20: 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 2073 7563 6365 7373 ore boot success\n+0000ff30: 2069 7320 7265 636f 7264 6564 2069 6e0a is recorded in.\n+0000ff40: 2020 2020 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2e20 userspace. \n+0000ff50: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6574 The default set\n+0000ff60: 7469 6e67 2069 7320 3330 2c20 7768 6963 ting is 30, whic\n+0000ff70: 6820 6361 7573 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f h causes GRUB to\n+0000ff80: 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2075 wait. for u\n+0000ff90: 7365 7220 696e 7075 7420 666f 7220 7468 ser input for th\n+0000ffa0: 6972 7479 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 irty seconds bef\n+0000ffb0: 6f72 6520 636f 6e74 696e 7569 6e67 2e20 ore continuing. \n+0000ffc0: 2054 6869 7320 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 This default. \n+0000ffd0: 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 696e 7465 7261 allows intera\n+0000ffe0: 6374 6976 6520 7573 6572 7320 7468 6520 ctive users the \n+0000fff0: 6f70 706f 7274 756e 6974 7920 746f 2073 opportunity to s\n+00010000: 7769 7463 6820 746f 2061 2064 6966 6665 witch to a diffe\n+00010010: 7265 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6f72 6b69 rent,. worki\n+00010020: 6e67 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2077 6869 6c65 ng kernel, while\n+00010030: 2061 766f 6964 696e 6720 6120 6661 6c73 avoiding a fals\n+00010040: 6520 706f 7369 7469 7665 2063 6175 7369 e positive causi\n+00010050: 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 746f 0a20 ng the boot to. \n+00010060: 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 696e 6465 6669 block indefi\n+00010070: 6e69 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 6865 6164 6c65 nitely on headle\n+00010080: 7373 2061 6e64 2061 7070 6c69 616e 6365 ss and appliance\n+00010090: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2061 systems where a\n+000100a0: 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6120 ccess. to a \n+000100b0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6973 2072 6573 7472 console is restr\n+000100c0: 6963 7465 6420 6f72 206c 696d 6974 6564 icted or limited\n+000100d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 ... This opt\n+000100e0: 696f 6e20 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6566 6665 ion is only effe\n+000100f0: 6374 6976 6520 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 ctive when GRUB \n+00010100: 7761 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 was configured w\n+00010110: 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ith the. ...\n+00010120: 2d2d 656e 6162 6c65 2d71 7569 636b 2d62 --enable-quick-b\n+00010130: 6f6f 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a oot... option...\n+00010140: e280 9847 5255 425f 5245 434f 5645 5259 ...GRUB_RECOVERY\n+00010150: 5f54 4954 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 _TITLE.... T\n+00010160: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 6574 7320 his option sets \n+00010170: 7468 6520 456e 676c 6973 6820 7465 7874 the English text\n+00010180: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 2074 of the string t\n+00010190: 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 hat will be. \n+000101a0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2069 6e20 7061 displayed in pa\n+000101b0: 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 746f 2069 6e64 rentheses to ind\n+000101c0: 6963 6174 6520 7468 6174 2061 2062 6f6f icate that a boo\n+000101d0: 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7072 6f76 t option is prov\n+000101e0: 6964 6564 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2068 656c ided. to hel\n+000101f0: 7020 7573 6572 7320 7265 636f 7665 7220 p users recover \n+00010200: 6120 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 6d2e a broken system.\n+00010210: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+00010220: 2022 7265 636f 7665 7279 0a20 2020 2020 \"recovery. \n+00010230: 6d6f 6465 222e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2066 mode\"... The f\n+00010240: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n+00010250: 2061 7265 2073 7469 6c6c 2061 6363 6570 are still accep\n+00010260: 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ted for compatib\n+00010270: 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 0a65 7869 7374 ility with.exist\n+00010280: 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ing configuratio\n+00010290: 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 6861 7665 2062 6574 ns, but have bet\n+000102a0: 7465 7220 7265 706c 6163 656d 656e 7473 ter replacements\n+000102b0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 :.....GRUB_HIDDE\n+000102c0: 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 N_TIMEOUT.... \n+000102d0: 2020 5761 6974 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 Wait this many\n+000102e0: 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 6520 seconds before \n+000102f0: 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d displaying the m\n+00010300: 656e 752e 2020 4966 203c 4553 433e 206f enu. If o\n+00010310: 720a 2020 2020 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 r. are \n+00010320: 7072 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 pressed, or is held down\n+00010340: 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 696d during that tim\n+00010350: 652c 2064 6973 706c 6179 0a20 2020 2020 e, display. \n+00010360: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 the menu and wai\n+00010370: 7420 666f 7220 696e 7075 7420 6163 636f t for input acco\n+00010380: 7264 696e 6720 746f 20e2 8098 4752 5542 rding to ...GRUB\n+00010390: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 992e 2020 4966 _TIMEOUT.... If\n+000103a0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 686f 746b 6579 2061 a. hotkey a\n+000103b0: 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 ssociated with a\n+000103c0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 menu entry is p\n+000103d0: 7265 7373 6564 2c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 ressed, boot the\n+000103e0: 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 640a 2020 2020 associated. \n+000103f0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 menu entry imme\n+00010400: 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 diately. 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T\n-00011220: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 he following tab\n-00011230: 6c65 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7a65 7320 7468 le summarizes th\n-00011240: 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f72 206f 6620 7468 e behavior of th\n-00011250: 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 e ...grub-mkconf\n-00011260: 6967 e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a ig....command...\n-00011270: 496e 6974 7264 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f Initrd GRUB_\n-00011280: 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 DISABLE_LINUX_PA\n-00011290: 5254 5555 4944 2020 2047 5255 425f 4449 RTUUID GRUB_DI\n-000112a0: 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 SABLE_LINUX_UUID\n-000112b0: 2020 204c 696e 7578 2052 6f6f 740a 6465 Linux Root.de\n-000112c0: 7465 6374 6564 2020 2053 6574 2054 6f20 tected Set To \n-000112d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000112e0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2054 6f20 2020 Set To \n-000112f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011300: 2049 4420 4d65 7468 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ID Method.-----\n+00010ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00010af0: 4966 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f70 If the target op\n+00010b00: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2075 erating system u\n+00010b10: 7365 7320 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 ses the Linux ke\n+00010b20: 726e 656c 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b rnel, ...grub-mk\n+00010b30: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a 6174 7465 6d70 config....attemp\n+00010b40: 7473 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 ts to identify t\n+00010b50: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 he root file sys\n+00010b60: 7465 6d20 7669 6120 6120 6865 7572 6973 tem via a heuris\n+00010b70: 7469 6320 616c 676f 6972 7468 6d2e 0a54 tic algoirthm..T\n+00010b80: 6869 7320 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d20 7365 his algorithm se\n+00010b90: 6c65 6374 7320 7468 6520 6964 656e 7469 lects the identi\n+00010ba0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 206d 6574 686f 6420 fication method \n+00010bb0: 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 of the root file\n+00010bc0: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6279 2063 6f6e 7369 system.by consi\n+00010bd0: 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6872 6565 2066 6163 dering three fac\n+00010be0: 746f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 tors. 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When boot\n+00010e40: 696e 672c 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b ing, the Linux k\n+00010e50: 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 2064 656c 6567 ernel will deleg\n+00010e60: 6174 6520 7468 6520 7461 736b 206f 6620 ate the task of \n+00010e70: 6d6f 756e 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a72 6f6f mounting the.roo\n+00010e80: 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 t filesystem to \n+00010e90: 7468 6520 696e 6974 7264 2e20 204d 6f73 the initrd. 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The \n-000122a0: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 special variable\n-000122b0: 206e 616d 6520 e280 983f e280 9920 6578 name ...?... ex\n-000122c0: 7061 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 7869 pands to the exi\n-000122d0: 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 t status of the \n-000122e0: 6d6f 7374 0a72 6563 656e 746c 7920 6578 most.recently ex\n-000122f0: 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 ecuted command. \n-00012300: 2057 6865 6e20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c When positional\n-00012310: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 variable names \n-00012320: 6172 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 6865 are active,.othe\n-00012330: 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 r special variab\n-00012340: 6c65 206e 616d 6573 20e2 8098 40e2 8099 le names ...@...\n-00012350: 2c20 e280 982a e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 , ...*... and ..\n-00012360: 9823 e280 9920 6172 6520 6465 6669 6e65 .#... are define\n-00012370: 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 0a65 7870 616e d and they.expan\n-00012380: 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 6974 696f d to all positio\n-00012390: 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 nal parameters w\n-000123a0: 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 7175 ith necessary qu\n-000123b0: 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 oting, positiona\n-000123c0: 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 6974 l.parameters wit\n-000123d0: 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 756f 7469 6e67 hout any quoting\n-000123e0: 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c , and positional\n-000123f0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2063 6f75 6e74 parameter count\n-00012400: 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a .respectively...\n-00012410: 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Comments.=======\n-00012420: 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 6265 6769 6e6e =..A word beginn\n-00012430: 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 ing with ...#...\n-00012440: 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 2077 6f72 causes that wor\n-00012450: 6420 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 696e d and all remain\n-00012460: 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a6f ing characters.o\n-00012470: 6e20 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 746f 2062 n that line to b\n-00012480: 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 6d70 e ignored...Simp\n-00012490: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d le commands.====\n-000124a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 ===========..A .\n-000124b0: 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ..simple command\n-000124c0: e280 9d20 6973 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 ... is a sequenc\n-000124d0: 6520 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2073 6570 6172 e of words separ\n-000124e0: 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 206f ated by spaces o\n-000124f0: 7220 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 r tabs.and termi\n-00012500: 6e61 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 656d 6963 nated by a semic\n-00012510: 6f6c 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 6e65 776c 696e olon or a newlin\n-00012520: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f e. The first wo\n-00012530: 7264 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 0a74 6865 rd specifies.the\n-00012540: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 2065 command to be e\n-00012550: 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 xecuted. The re\n-00012560: 6d61 696e 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 maining words ar\n-00012570: 6520 7061 7373 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 e passed as argu\n-00012580: 6d65 6e74 730a 746f 2074 6865 2069 6e76 ments.to the inv\n-00012590: 6f6b 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 oked command... \n-000125a0: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c The return val\n-000125b0: 7565 206f 6620 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 ue of a simple c\n-000125c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6974 7320 6578 ommand is its ex\n-000125d0: 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 2020 4966 2074 it status. If t\n-000125e0: 6865 0a72 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 he.reserved word\n-000125f0: 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 2070 7265 6365 6465 ...!... precede\n-00012600: 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2074 s the command, t\n-00012610: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 hen the return v\n-00012620: 616c 7565 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 640a alue is instead.\n-00012630: 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 6e65 6761 the logical nega\n-00012640: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d tion of the comm\n-00012650: 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 and's exit statu\n-00012660: 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d s...Compound com\n-00012670: 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mands.==========\n-00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c 636f =======..A ...co\n-00012690: 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 mpound command..\n-000126a0: 9d20 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 . is one of the \n-000126b0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 666f 7220 following:..for \n-000126c0: 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 574f 5244 202e 2e2e NAME in WORD ...\n-000126d0: 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e 650a ; do LIST; done.\n-000126e0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 The list of\n-000126f0: 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 words following\n-00012700: 20e2 8098 696e e280 9920 6973 2065 7870 ...in... is exp\n-00012710: 616e 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e anded, generatin\n-00012720: 6720 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 g a list of. \n-00012730: 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 items. The var\n-00012740: 6961 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7365 iable NAME is se\n-00012750: 7420 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d 656e t to each elemen\n-00012760: 7420 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 2069 t of this list i\n-00012770: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 6e64 n. turn, and\n-00012780: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n-00012790: 6420 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 5468 d each time. Th\n-000127a0: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 e return value i\n-000127b0: 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 s the exit. \n-000127c0: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 status of the la\n-000127d0: 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 7420 st command that \n-000127e0: 6578 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 executes. If th\n-000127f0: 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 e expansion of t\n-00012800: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 666f he. items fo\n-00012810: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 e280 9869 6ee2 8099 llowing ...in...\n-00012820: 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 616e 2065 results in an e\n-00012830: 6d70 7479 206c 6973 742c 206e 6f20 636f mpty list, no co\n-00012840: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 mmands are. \n-00012850: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 616e 6420 7468 executed, and th\n-00012860: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 e return status \n-00012870: 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 is 0...if LIST; \n-00012880: 7468 656e 204c 4953 543b 205b 656c 6966 then LIST; [elif\n-00012890: 204c 4953 543b 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 LIST; then LIST\n-000128a0: 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 204c 4953 ;] ... [else LIS\n-000128b0: 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 T;] fi. The \n-000128c0: e280 9869 66e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 ...if... LIST is\n-000128d0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2077 6865 7265 executed, where\n-000128e0: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2061 2073 6572 6965 LIST is a serie\n-000128f0: 7320 6f66 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 0a20 s of ...simple. \n-00012900: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 command...s \n-00012910: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 separated by a \"\n-00012920: 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 6974 7320 6578 6974 ;\". If its exit\n-00012930: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c status of the l\n-00012940: 6173 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ast. command\n-00012950: 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 e280 is zero, the ..\n-00012960: 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 .then... LIST is\n-00012970: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 4f74 6865 executed. Othe\n-00012980: 7277 6973 652c 2065 6163 680a 2020 2020 rwise, each. \n-00012990: 20e2 8098 656c 6966 e280 9920 4c49 5354 ...elif... LIST\n-000129a0: 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 is executed in \n-000129b0: 7475 726e 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2069 7473 turn, and if its\n-000129c0: 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 last command's \n-000129d0: 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 exit. status\n-000129e0: 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 636f is zero, the co\n-000129f0: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e280 9874 rresponding ...t\n-00012a00: 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 hen... LIST is e\n-00012a10: 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 650a xecuted and the.\n-00012a20: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d command com\n-00012a30: 706c 6574 6573 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 pletes. Otherwi\n-00012a40: 7365 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9865 6c73 65e2 se, the ...else.\n-00012a50: 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 .. LIST is execu\n-00012a60: 7465 642c 2069 660a 2020 2020 2070 7265 ted, if. pre\n-00012a70: 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 sent. The exit \n-00012a80: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 status is the ex\n-00012a90: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 it status of the\n-00012aa0: 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 last command. \n-00012ab0: 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 206f 7220 executed, or \n-00012ac0: 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6469 zero if no condi\n-00012ad0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 7465 6420 7472 7565 tion tested true\n-00012ae0: 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 ...while COND; d\n-00012af0: 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a75 6e74 o LIST; done.unt\n-00012b00: 696c 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 il COND; do LIST\n-00012b10: 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ; done. The \n-00012b20: e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ...while... comm\n-00012b30: 616e 6420 636f 6e74 696e 756f 7573 6c79 and continuously\n-00012b40: 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 e280 executes the ..\n-00012b50: 9864 6fe2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6173 206c .do... LIST as l\n-00012b60: 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ong as. the \n-00012b70: 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 last command in \n-00012b80: 434f 4e44 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2061 6e20 COND returns an \n-00012b90: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 207a exit status of z\n-00012ba0: 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 7265 2043 4f4e 440a ero, where COND.\n-00012bb0: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f is a list o\n-00012bc0: 6620 e280 9c73 696d 706c 6520 636f 6d6d f ...simple comm\n-00012bd0: 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 and...s separate\n-00012be0: 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2054 6865 d by a \";\". The\n-00012bf0: 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 ...until.... \n-00012c00: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2069 6465 command is ide\n-00012c10: 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e280 ntical to the ..\n-00012c20: 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e .while... comman\n-00012c30: 642c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 2074 d, except that t\n-00012c40: 6865 2074 6573 740a 2020 2020 2069 7320 he test. is \n-00012c50: 6e65 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 20e2 8098 negated; the ...\n-00012c60: 646f e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 do... LIST is ex\n-00012c70: 6563 7574 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 ecuted as long a\n-00012c80: 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 s the last comma\n-00012c90: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 nd. in COND \n-00012ca0: 7265 7475 726e 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 returns a non-ze\n-00012cb0: 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2e20 ro exit status. \n-00012cc0: 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 The exit status\n-00012cd0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 of the. ...\n-00012ce0: 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 while... and ...\n-00012cf0: 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 until... command\n-00012d00: 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 s is the exit st\n-00012d10: 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 atus of the last\n-00012d20: 20e2 8098 646f e280 990a 2020 2020 204c ...do.... L\n-00012d30: 4953 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 IST command exec\n-00012d40: 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 uted, or zero if\n-00012d50: 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 7574 none was execut\n-00012d60: 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 ed...function NA\n-00012d70: 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e ME { COMMAND; ..\n-00012d80: 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 . }. This de\n-00012d90: 6669 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e fines a function\n-00012da0: 206e 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 5468 named NAME. Th\n-00012db0: 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 79e2 809d 206f 6620 e ...body... of \n-00012dc0: 7468 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 730a the function is.\n-00012dd0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 the list of\n-00012de0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 7468 696e commands within\n-00012df0: 2062 7261 6365 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 braces, each of\n-00012e00: 2077 6869 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 which must be. \n-00012e10: 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 2077 terminated w\n-00012e20: 6974 6820 6120 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 ith a semicolon \n-00012e30: 6f72 2061 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 or a newline. T\n-00012e40: 6869 7320 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d his list of comm\n-00012e50: 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 ands. will b\n-00012e60: 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2077 6865 6e65 e executed whene\n-00012e70: 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7370 6563 ver NAME is spec\n-00012e80: 6966 6965 6420 6173 2074 6865 206e 616d ified as the nam\n-00012e90: 6520 6f66 2061 2073 696d 706c 650a 2020 e of a simple. \n-00012ea0: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 756e command. Fun\n-00012eb0: 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e ction definition\n-00012ec0: 7320 646f 206e 6f74 2061 6666 6563 7420 s do not affect \n-00012ed0: 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 the exit status \n-00012ee0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 in. ...$?...\n-00012ef0: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 6564 . When executed\n-00012f00: 2c20 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 , the exit statu\n-00012f10: 7320 6f66 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 s of a function \n-00012f20: 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 740a 2020 2020 is the exit. \n-00012f30: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c status of the l\n-00012f40: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 ast command exec\n-00012f50: 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6479 uted in the body\n-00012f60: 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 ...menuentry TIT\n-00012f70: 4c45 205b e280 982d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 LE [...--class=c\n-00012f80: 6c61 7373 e280 9920 2e2e 2e5d 205b e280 lass... ...] [..\n-00012f90: 982d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 e280 .--users=users..\n-00012fa0: 995d 205b e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 .] [...--unrestr\n-00012fb0: 6963 7465 64e2 8099 5d20 5be2 8098 2d2d icted...] [...--\n-00012fc0: 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 e280 995d 205b hotkey=key...] [\n-00012fd0: e280 982d 2d69 643d 6964 e280 995d 207b ...--id=id...] {\n-00012fe0: 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a COMMAND; ... }.\n-00012ff0: 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 206d 656e 7565 *Note menue\n-00013000: 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 6c74 2d69 ntry::...Built-i\n-00013010: 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d n Commands.=====\n-00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 536f ============..So\n-00013030: 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 636f 6d6d me built-in comm\n-00013040: 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7072 ands are also pr\n-00013050: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2073 ovided by GRUB s\n-00013060: 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 656c 7020 7363 cript to help sc\n-00013070: 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 7273 2070 6572 ript.writers per\n-00013080: 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f 6e73 2074 6861 form actions tha\n-00013090: 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 t are otherwise \n-000130a0: 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 2046 not possible. F\n-000130b0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 7468 6573 or example,.thes\n-000130c0: 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 636f 6d6d 616e e include comman\n-000130d0: 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f 7574 206f ds to jump out o\n-000130e0: 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 686f 7574 f a loop without\n-000130f0: 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696e fully completin\n-00013100: 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 6272 6561 g.it, etc...brea\n-00013110: 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 k [...n...]. \n-00013120: 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 Exit from withi\n-00013130: 6e20 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 n a ...for..., .\n-00013140: 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 ..while..., or .\n-00013150: 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e ..until... loop.\n-00013160: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a If ...n... is.\n-00013170: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 specified, \n-00013180: 6272 6561 6b20 e280 986e e280 9920 6c65 break ...n... le\n-00013190: 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d vels. ...n... m\n-000131a0: 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ust be greater t\n-000131b0: 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a han or equal to.\n-000131c0: 2020 2020 2031 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e 1. If ...n\n-000131d0: e280 9920 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ... is greater t\n-000131e0: 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f han the number o\n-000131f0: 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 f enclosing loop\n-00013200: 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636c s, all. encl\n-00013210: 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 6520 osing loops are \n-00013220: 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6574 exited. The ret\n-00013230: 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2030 2075 urn value is 0 u\n-00013240: 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 nless ...n... is\n-00013250: 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 7465 . not greate\n-00013260: 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 r than or equal \n-00013270: 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 to 1...continue \n-00013280: 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 [...n...]. R\n-00013290: 6573 756d 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2069 esume the next i\n-000132a0: 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 teration of the \n-000132b0: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 e280 9866 6f72 enclosing ...for\n-000132c0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 ..., ...while...\n-000132d0: 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 756e 7469 or. ...unti\n-000132e0: 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 l... loop. If .\n-000132f0: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 ..n... is specif\n-00013300: 6965 642c 2072 6573 756d 6520 6174 2074 ied, resume at t\n-00013310: 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 7468 2065 6e63 he ...n...th enc\n-00013320: 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 losing. loop\n-00013330: 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 . ...n... must \n-00013340: 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 be greater than \n-00013350: 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 2020 or equal to 1. \n-00013360: 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 If ...n... is gr\n-00013370: 6561 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 eater. than \n-00013380: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e the number of en\n-00013390: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 closing loops, t\n-000133a0: 6865 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 696e he last enclosin\n-000133b0: 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 g loop (the. \n-000133c0: 20e2 809c 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6ce2 809d ...top-level...\n-000133d0: 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 7265 7375 6d65 loop) is resume\n-000133e0: 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 d. The return v\n-000133f0: 616c 7565 2069 7320 3020 756e 6c65 7373 alue is 0 unless\n-00013400: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 ...n... is. \n-00013410: 206e 6f74 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 not greater tha\n-00013420: 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e n or equal to 1.\n-00013430: 0a0a 7265 7475 726e 205b e280 986e e280 ..return [...n..\n-00013440: 995d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 7573 6573 2061 .]. Causes a\n-00013450: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2065 7869 function to exi\n-00013460: 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 6574 7572 t with the retur\n-00013470: 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 n value specifie\n-00013480: 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2e0a 2020 d by ...n..... \n-00013490: 2020 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 If ...n... is\n-000134a0: 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 6520 7265 omitted, the re\n-000134b0: 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2074 turn status is t\n-000134c0: 6861 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 hat of the last \n-000134d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 command. exe\n-000134e0: 6375 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 756e cuted in the fun\n-000134f0: 6374 696f 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 2049 6620 ction body. If \n-00013500: 7573 6564 206f 7574 7369 6465 2061 2066 used outside a f\n-00013510: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 unction the. \n-00013520: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2069 return status i\n-00013530: 7320 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 s false...setpar\n-00013540: 616d 7320 5be2 8098 6172 67e2 8099 5d20 ams [...arg...] \n-00013550: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6570 6c61 6365 .... Replace\n-00013560: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 positional para\n-00013570: 6d65 7465 7273 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 meters starting \n-00013580: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2431 e280 9920 7769 with ...$1... wi\n-00013590: 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f0a th arguments to.\n-000135a0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6172 616d ...setparam\n-000135b0: 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b e280 s......shift [..\n-000135c0: 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 .n...]. The \n-000135d0: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d positional param\n-000135e0: 6574 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6ee2 eters from ...n.\n-000135f0: 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 7265 2072 656e ..+1 ... are ren\n-00013600: 616d 6564 2074 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 8099 amed to ...$1...\n-00013610: 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5061 7261 6d65 ..... Parame\n-00013620: 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6564 ters represented\n-00013630: 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 by the numbers \n-00013640: e280 9824 23e2 8099 2064 6f77 6e20 746f ...$#... down to\n-00013650: 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992d e280 986e e280 ...$#...-...n..\n-00013660: 992b 3120 6172 650a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 .+1 are. uns\n-00013670: 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 et. ...n... mus\n-00013680: 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e 6567 6174 t be a non-negat\n-00013690: 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206c 6573 7320 ive number less \n-000136a0: 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f than or equal to\n-000136b0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2e20 . ...$#.... \n-000136c0: 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2030 If ...n... is 0\n-000136d0: 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 , no parameters \n-000136e0: 6172 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 4966 are changed. If\n-000136f0: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6e6f 740a ...n... is not.\n-00013700: 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2069 given, it i\n-00013710: 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 s assumed to be \n-00013720: 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 1. If ...n... i\n-00013730: 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 s greater than .\n-00013740: 8098 2423 e280 992c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ..$#..., the. \n-00013750: 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 positional par\n-00013760: 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 ameters are not \n-00013770: 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 changed. The re\n-00013780: 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 turn status is. \n-00013790: 2020 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e greater than\n-000137a0: 207a 6572 6f20 6966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 zero if ...n...\n-000137b0: 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e is greater than\n-000137c0: 20e2 8098 2423 e280 9920 6f72 206c 6573 ...$#... or les\n-000137d0: 7320 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 s than zero;. \n-000137e0: 2020 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 302e 0a0a otherwise 0...\n-000137f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00013800: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d o, Node: Shell-\n-00013810: 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 like scripting-F\n-00013820: 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 ootnotes, Up: S\n-00013830: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 hell-like script\n-00013840: 696e 670a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 ing.. (1) Curr\n-00013850: 656e 746c 7920 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 ently a backslas\n-00013860: 682d 6e65 776c 696e 6520 7061 6972 2077 h-newline pair w\n-00013870: 6974 6869 6e20 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ithin a variable\n-00013880: 206e 616d 6520 6973 206e 6f74 0a68 616e name is not.han\n-00013890: 646c 6564 2070 726f 7065 726c 792c 2073 dled properly, s\n-000138a0: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 o use this featu\n-000138b0: 7265 2077 6974 6820 736f 6d65 2063 6172 re with some car\n-000138c0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-000138d0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 .info, Node: Mu\n-000138e0: 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 lti-boot manual \n-000138f0: 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2045 config, Next: E\n-00013900: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n-00013910: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5368 ation, Prev: Sh\n-00013920: 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 ell-like scripti\n-00013930: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 ng, Up: Configu\n-00013940: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 ration..6.4 Mult\n-00013950: 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f i-boot manual co\n-00013960: 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nfig.===========\n+00011750: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a e280 9867 ==========.....g\n+00011760: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 7320 7772 rub.cfg... is wr\n+00011770: 6974 7465 6e20 696e 2047 5255 4227 7320 itten in GRUB's \n+00011780: 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 6372 6970 7469 built-in scripti\n+00011790: 6e67 206c 616e 6775 6167 652c 2077 6869 ng language, whi\n+000117a0: 6368 2068 6173 2061 0a73 796e 7461 7820 ch has a.syntax \n+000117b0: 7175 6974 6520 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f quite similar to\n+000117c0: 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2047 4e55 2042 6173 that of GNU Bas\n+000117d0: 6820 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 426f 7572 h and other Bour\n+000117e0: 6e65 2073 6865 6c6c 0a64 6572 6976 6174 ne shell.derivat\n+000117f0: 6976 6573 2e0a 0a57 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d ives...Words.===\n+00011800: 3d3d 0a0a 4120 e280 9c77 6f72 64e2 809d ==..A ...word...\n+00011810: 2069 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f is a sequence o\n+00011820: 6620 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2063 6f6e f characters con\n+00011830: 7369 6465 7265 6420 6173 2061 2073 696e sidered as a sin\n+00011840: 676c 6520 756e 6974 2062 790a 4752 5542 gle unit by.GRUB\n+00011850: 2e20 2057 6f72 6473 2061 7265 2073 6570 . Words are sep\n+00011860: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 9c6d 6574 arated by ...met\n+00011870: 6163 6861 7261 6374 6572 73e2 809d 2c20 acharacters..., \n+00011880: 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 7468 6520 666f which are the fo\n+00011890: 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 706c 7573 2073 7061 llowing.plus spa\n+000118a0: 6365 2c20 7461 622c 2061 6e64 206e 6577 ce, tab, and new\n+000118b0: 6c69 6e65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7b20 7d20 line:.. { } \n+000118c0: 7c20 2620 2420 3b20 3c20 3e0a 0a20 2020 | & $ ; < >.. \n+000118d0: 5175 6f74 696e 6720 6d61 7920 6265 2075 Quoting may be u\n+000118e0: 7365 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206d sed to include m\n+000118f0: 6574 6163 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 696e etacharacters in\n+00011900: 2077 6f72 6473 3b20 7365 6520 6265 6c6f words; see belo\n+00011910: 772e 0a0a 5265 7365 7276 6564 2077 6f72 w...Reserved wor\n+00011920: 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ds.=============\n+00011930: 3d0a 0a52 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 =..Reserved word\n+00011940: 7320 6861 7665 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c s have a special\n+00011950: 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 6f20 4752 5542 meaning to GRUB\n+00011960: 2e20 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 . The following \n+00011970: 776f 7264 7320 6172 650a 7265 636f 676e words are.recogn\n+00011980: 6973 6564 2061 7320 7265 7365 7276 6564 ised as reserved\n+00011990: 2077 6865 6e20 756e 7175 6f74 6564 2061 when unquoted a\n+000119a0: 6e64 2065 6974 6865 7220 7468 6520 6669 nd either the fi\n+000119b0: 7273 7420 776f 7264 206f 6620 610a 7369 rst word of a.si\n+000119c0: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206f 7220 mple command or \n+000119d0: 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 776f 7264 206f the third word o\n+000119e0: 6620 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 9920 636f f a ...for... co\n+000119f0: 6d6d 616e 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2021 205b mmand:.. ! [\n+00011a00: 5b20 5d5d 207b 207d 0a20 2020 2020 6361 [ ]] { }. ca\n+00011a10: 7365 2064 6f20 646f 6e65 2065 6c69 6620 se do done elif \n+00011a20: 656c 7365 2065 7361 6320 6669 2066 6f72 else esac fi for\n+00011a30: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 function. i\n+00011a40: 6620 696e 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2073 f in menuentry s\n+00011a50: 656c 6563 7420 7468 656e 2074 696d 6520 elect then time \n+00011a60: 756e 7469 6c20 7768 696c 650a 0a20 2020 until while.. \n+00011a70: 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 7365 Not all of these\n+00011a80: 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 reserved words \n+00011a90: 6861 7665 2061 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7075 have a useful pu\n+00011aa0: 7270 6f73 6520 7965 743b 2073 6f6d 6520 rpose yet; some \n+00011ab0: 6172 650a 7265 7365 7276 6564 2066 6f72 are.reserved for\n+00011ac0: 2066 7574 7572 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f future expansio\n+00011ad0: 6e2e 0a0a 5175 6f74 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d n...Quoting.====\n+00011ae0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a51 756f 7469 6e67 2069 7320 ===..Quoting is \n+00011af0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 used to remove t\n+00011b00: 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 he special meani\n+00011b10: 6e67 206f 6620 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6368 ng of certain ch\n+00011b20: 6172 6163 7465 7273 206f 720a 776f 7264 aracters or.word\n+00011b30: 732e 2020 4974 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 s. It can be us\n+00011b40: 6564 2074 6f20 7472 6561 7420 6d65 7461 ed to treat meta\n+00011b50: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2061 7320 7061 characters as pa\n+00011b60: 7274 206f 6620 6120 776f 7264 2c20 746f rt of a word, to\n+00011b70: 0a70 7265 7665 6e74 2072 6573 6572 7665 .prevent reserve\n+00011b80: 6420 776f 7264 7320 6672 6f6d 2062 6569 d words from bei\n+00011b90: 6e67 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 6420 6173 ng recognised as\n+00011ba0: 2073 7563 682c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 7072 such, and to pr\n+00011bb0: 6576 656e 740a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 event.variable e\n+00011bc0: 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 xpansion... Th\n+00011bd0: 6572 6520 6172 6520 7468 7265 6520 7175 ere are three qu\n+00011be0: 6f74 696e 6720 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 oting mechanisms\n+00011bf0: 3a20 7468 6520 6573 6361 7065 2063 6861 : the escape cha\n+00011c00: 7261 6374 6572 2c20 7369 6e67 6c65 0a71 racter, single.q\n+00011c10: 756f 7465 732c 2061 6e64 2064 6f75 626c uotes, and doubl\n+00011c20: 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 e quotes... A \n+00011c30: 6e6f 6e2d 7175 6f74 6564 2062 6163 6b73 non-quoted backs\n+00011c40: 6c61 7368 2028 5c29 2069 7320 7468 6520 lash (\\) is the \n+00011c50: e280 9c65 7363 6170 6520 6368 6172 6163 ...escape charac\n+00011c60: 7465 72e2 809d 2e20 2049 7420 7072 6573 ter.... It pres\n+00011c70: 6572 7665 730a 7468 6520 6c69 7465 7261 erves.the litera\n+00011c80: 6c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206e l value of the n\n+00011c90: 6578 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 7468 ext character th\n+00011ca0: 6174 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 2c20 7769 7468 at follows, with\n+00011cb0: 2074 6865 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 0a6f the exception.o\n+00011cc0: 6620 6e65 776c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2045 f newline... E\n+00011cd0: 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 2063 6861 7261 6374 nclosing charact\n+00011ce0: 6572 7320 696e 2073 696e 676c 6520 7175 ers in single qu\n+00011cf0: 6f74 6573 2070 7265 7365 7276 6573 2074 otes preserves t\n+00011d00: 6865 206c 6974 6572 616c 2076 616c 7565 he literal value\n+00011d10: 206f 660a 6561 6368 2063 6861 7261 6374 of.each charact\n+00011d20: 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 7175 er within the qu\n+00011d30: 6f74 6573 2e20 2041 2073 696e 676c 6520 otes. A single \n+00011d40: 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6f63 quote may not oc\n+00011d50: 6375 7220 6265 7477 6565 6e0a 7369 6e67 cur between.sing\n+00011d60: 6c65 2071 756f 7465 732c 2065 7665 6e20 le quotes, even \n+00011d70: 7768 656e 2070 7265 6365 6465 6420 6279 when preceded by\n+00011d80: 2061 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2e0a 0a20 a backslash... \n+00011d90: 2020 456e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6368 6172 Enclosing char\n+00011da0: 6163 7465 7273 2069 6e20 646f 7562 6c65 acters in double\n+00011db0: 2071 756f 7465 7320 7072 6573 6572 7665 quotes preserve\n+00011dc0: 7320 7468 6520 6c69 7465 7261 6c20 7661 s the literal va\n+00011dd0: 6c75 6520 6f66 0a61 6c6c 2063 6861 7261 lue of.all chara\n+00011de0: 6374 6572 7320 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 cters within the\n+00011df0: 2071 756f 7465 732c 2077 6974 6820 7468 quotes, with th\n+00011e00: 6520 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 e exception of .\n+00011e10: 8098 24e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 5ce2 ..$... and ...\\.\n+00011e20: 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 e280 9824 e280 9920 ....The ...$... \n+00011e30: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 7265 7461 696e character retain\n+00011e40: 7320 6974 7320 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 s its special me\n+00011e50: 616e 696e 6720 7769 7468 696e 2064 6f75 aning within dou\n+00011e60: 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e20 2054 6865 ble quotes. 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A double \n+00011fb0: 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2071 756f quote may be quo\n+00011fc0: 7465 6420 7769 7468 696e 2064 6f75 626c ted within doubl\n+00011fd0: 650a 7175 6f74 6573 2062 7920 7072 6563 e.quotes by prec\n+00011fe0: 6564 696e 6720 6974 2077 6974 6820 6120 eding it with a \n+00011ff0: 6261 636b 736c 6173 682e 0a0a 5661 7269 backslash...Vari\n+00012000: 6162 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 0a3d able expansion.=\n+00012010: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00012020: 3d0a 0a54 6865 20e2 8098 24e2 8099 2063 =..The ...$... c\n+00012030: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2069 6e74 726f 6475 haracter introdu\n+00012040: 6365 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 7870 ces variable exp\n+00012050: 616e 7369 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 ansion. 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Normal var\n+00012140: 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6265 6769 iable names begi\n+00012150: 6e20 7769 7468 2061 6e20 616c 7068 6162 n with an alphab\n+00012160: 6574 6963 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2c20 etic character, \n+00012170: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 790a 7a65 726f followed by.zero\n+00012180: 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2061 6c70 6861 6e75 or more alphanu\n+00012190: 6d65 7269 6320 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 meric characters\n+000121a0: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206e 616d 6573 2072 . These names r\n+000121b0: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 656e 7472 6965 7320 efer to entries \n+000121c0: 696e 0a74 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 in.the GRUB envi\n+000121d0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 ronment (*note E\n+000121e0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 292e 0a0a nvironment::)...\n+000121f0: 2020 2050 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7661 Positional va\n+00012200: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2063 6f6e riable names con\n+00012210: 7369 7374 206f 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d sist of one or m\n+00012220: 6f72 6520 6469 6769 7473 2e20 2054 6865 ore digits. The\n+00012230: 790a 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 7261 y.represent para\n+00012240: 6d65 7465 7273 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f meters passed to\n+00012250: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6361 6c6c 732c function calls,\n+00012260: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9824 31e2 8099 2072 with ...$1... r\n+00012270: 6570 7265 7365 6e74 696e 670a 7468 6520 epresenting.the \n+00012280: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c first parameter,\n+00012290: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 and so on... \n+000122a0: 5468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 The special vari\n+000122b0: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 e280 983f e280 able name ...?..\n+000122c0: 9920 6578 7061 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 . expands to the\n+000122d0: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 exit status of \n+000122e0: 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 0a72 6563 656e 746c the most.recentl\n+000122f0: 7920 6578 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 y executed comma\n+00012300: 6e64 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 706f 7369 7469 nd. When positi\n+00012310: 6f6e 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 onal variable na\n+00012320: 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a mes are active,.\n+00012330: 6f74 6865 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 other special va\n+00012340: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 20e2 8098 riable names ...\n+00012350: 40e2 8099 2c20 e280 982a e280 9920 616e @..., ...*... an\n+00012360: 6420 e280 9823 e280 9920 6172 6520 6465 d ...#... are de\n+00012370: 6669 6e65 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 0a65 fined and they.e\n+00012380: 7870 616e 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 xpand to all pos\n+00012390: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 itional paramete\n+000123a0: 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 6172 rs with necessar\n+000123b0: 7920 7175 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 6974 y quoting, posit\n+000123c0: 696f 6e61 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 ional.parameters\n+000123d0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 756f without any quo\n+000123e0: 7469 6e67 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 7469 ting, and positi\n+000123f0: 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2063 onal parameter c\n+00012400: 6f75 6e74 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c ount.respectivel\n+00012410: 792e 0a0a 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d y...Comments.===\n+00012420: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 6265 =====..A word be\n+00012430: 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 ginning with ...\n+00012440: 23e2 8099 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 #... causes that\n+00012450: 2077 6f72 6420 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 word and all re\n+00012460: 6d61 696e 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 maining characte\n+00012470: 7273 0a6f 6e20 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 rs.on that line \n+00012480: 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a to be ignored...\n+00012490: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a Simple commands.\n+000124a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000124b0: 0a41 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d .A ...simple com\n+000124c0: 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 2061 2073 6571 mand... is a seq\n+000124d0: 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2073 uence of words s\n+000124e0: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 eparated by spac\n+000124f0: 6573 206f 7220 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 es or tabs.and t\n+00012500: 6572 6d69 6e61 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 erminated by a s\n+00012510: 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 6e65 emicolon or a ne\n+00012520: 776c 696e 652e 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 wline. The firs\n+00012530: 7420 776f 7264 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 t word specifies\n+00012540: 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 .the command to \n+00012550: 6265 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 5468 be executed. Th\n+00012560: 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 776f 7264 e remaining word\n+00012570: 7320 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2061 7320 s are passed as \n+00012580: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 746f 2074 6865 arguments.to the\n+00012590: 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 invoked command\n+000125a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e ... 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The lis\n+000126f0: 7420 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f t of words follo\n+00012700: 7769 6e67 20e2 8098 696e e280 9920 6973 wing ...in... is\n+00012710: 2065 7870 616e 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 expanded, gener\n+00012720: 6174 696e 6720 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a ating a list of.\n+00012730: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 items. The\n+00012740: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 variable NAME i\n+00012750: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c s set to each el\n+00012760: 656d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 ement of this li\n+00012770: 7374 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c st in. turn,\n+00012780: 2061 6e64 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 and LIST is exe\n+00012790: 6375 7465 6420 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e cuted each time.\n+000127a0: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c The return val\n+000127b0: 7565 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 ue is the exit. \n+000127c0: 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 status of th\n+000127d0: 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 e last command t\n+000127e0: 6861 7420 6578 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 hat executes. I\n+000127f0: 6620 7468 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 f the expansion \n+00012800: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d of the. item\n+00012810: 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 e280 9869 s following ...i\n+00012820: 6ee2 8099 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 n... results in \n+00012830: 616e 2065 6d70 7479 206c 6973 742c 206e an empty list, n\n+00012840: 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a20 o commands are. \n+00012850: 2020 2020 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 616e executed, an\n+00012860: 6420 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 d the return sta\n+00012870: 7475 7320 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 tus is 0...if LI\n+00012880: 5354 3b20 7468 656e 204c 4953 543b 205b ST; then LIST; [\n+00012890: 656c 6966 204c 4953 543b 2074 6865 6e20 elif LIST; then \n+000128a0: 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 LIST;] ... [else\n+000128b0: 204c 4953 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 2020 LIST;] fi. \n+000128c0: 5468 6520 e280 9869 66e2 8099 204c 4953 The ...if... LIS\n+000128d0: 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2077 T is executed, w\n+000128e0: 6865 7265 204c 4953 5420 6973 2061 2073 here LIST is a s\n+000128f0: 6572 6965 7320 6f66 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 eries of ...simp\n+00012900: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 le. command.\n+00012910: 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 ..s separated by\n+00012920: 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 6974 7320 a \";\". If its \n+00012930: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 exit status of t\n+00012940: 6865 206c 6173 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d he last. com\n+00012950: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 mand is zero, th\n+00012960: 6520 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 e ...then... LIS\n+00012970: 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 T is executed. \n+00012980: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2065 6163 680a Otherwise, each.\n+00012990: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656c 6966 e280 9920 ...elif... \n+000129a0: 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 LIST is executed\n+000129b0: 2069 6e20 7475 726e 2c20 616e 6420 6966 in turn, and if\n+000129c0: 2069 7473 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e its last comman\n+000129d0: 6427 7320 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 d's exit. st\n+000129e0: 6174 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 atus is zero, th\n+000129f0: 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e corresponding \n+00012a00: e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 ...then... LIST \n+00012a10: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 is executed and \n+00012a20: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the. command\n+00012a30: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e20 204f 7468 completes. Oth\n+00012a40: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9865 erwise, the ...e\n+00012a50: 6c73 65e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 lse... LIST is e\n+00012a60: 7865 6375 7465 642c 2069 660a 2020 2020 xecuted, if. \n+00012a70: 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2065 present. The e\n+00012a80: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7468 xit status is th\n+00012a90: 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 e exit status of\n+00012aa0: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e the last comman\n+00012ab0: 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c d. executed,\n+00012ac0: 206f 7220 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6e6f 2063 or zero if no c\n+00012ad0: 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 7465 6420 ondition tested \n+00012ae0: 7472 7565 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 2043 4f4e true...while CON\n+00012af0: 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 D; do LIST; done\n+00012b00: 0a75 6e74 696c 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 .until COND; do \n+00012b10: 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 LIST; done. \n+00012b20: 5468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 The ...while... \n+00012b30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6e74 696e 756f command continuo\n+00012b40: 7573 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 usly executes th\n+00012b50: 6520 e280 9864 6fe2 8099 204c 4953 5420 e ...do... LIST \n+00012b60: 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 2020 2020 as long as. \n+00012b70: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the last command\n+00012b80: 2069 6e20 434f 4e44 2072 6574 7572 6e73 in COND returns\n+00012b90: 2061 6e20 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 an exit status \n+00012ba0: 6f66 207a 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 7265 2043 of zero, where C\n+00012bb0: 4f4e 440a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6120 6c69 OND. is a li\n+00012bc0: 7374 206f 6620 e280 9c73 696d 706c 6520 st of ...simple \n+00012bd0: 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 command...s sepa\n+00012be0: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 rated by a \";\". \n+00012bf0: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 The ...until...\n+00012c00: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 . command is\n+00012c10: 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 7468 identical to th\n+00012c20: 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f e ...while... co\n+00012c30: 6d6d 616e 642c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 mmand, except th\n+00012c40: 6174 2074 6865 2074 6573 740a 2020 2020 at the test. \n+00012c50: 2069 7320 6e65 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 is negated; the\n+00012c60: 20e2 8098 646f e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 ...do... LIST i\n+00012c70: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 7320 6c6f s executed as lo\n+00012c80: 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 ng as the last c\n+00012c90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2043 ommand. in C\n+00012ca0: 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 6120 6e6f OND returns a no\n+00012cb0: 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 n-zero exit stat\n+00012cc0: 7573 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 us. The exit st\n+00012cd0: 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 atus of the. \n+00012ce0: 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 ...while... and\n+00012cf0: 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d ...until... com\n+00012d00: 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 mands is the exi\n+00012d10: 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 t status of the \n+00012d20: 6c61 7374 20e2 8098 646f e280 990a 2020 last ...do.... \n+00012d30: 2020 204c 4953 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 LIST command \n+00012d40: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 executed, or zer\n+00012d50: 6f20 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 o if none was ex\n+00012d60: 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f ecuted...functio\n+00012d70: 6e20 4e41 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 n NAME { COMMAND\n+00012d80: 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 ; ... }. Thi\n+00012d90: 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 s defines a func\n+00012da0: 7469 6f6e 206e 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e tion named NAME.\n+00012db0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 79e2 809d The ...body...\n+00012dc0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e of the function\n+00012dd0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 is. the lis\n+00012de0: 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 t of commands wi\n+00012df0: 7468 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2065 6163 thin braces, eac\n+00012e00: 6820 6f66 2077 6869 6368 206d 7573 7420 h of which must \n+00012e10: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 6174 be. terminat\n+00012e20: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7365 6d69 636f ed with a semico\n+00012e30: 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 lon or a newline\n+00012e40: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6c69 7374 206f 6620 . This list of \n+00012e50: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 commands. wi\n+00012e60: 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2077 ll be executed w\n+00012e70: 6865 6e65 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 henever NAME is \n+00012e80: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2074 6865 specified as the\n+00012e90: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 2073 696d 706c name of a simpl\n+00012ea0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 e. command. \n+00012eb0: 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 Function defini\n+00012ec0: 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 206e 6f74 2061 6666 tions do not aff\n+00012ed0: 6563 7420 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 ect the exit sta\n+00012ee0: 7475 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 tus in. ...$\n+00012ef0: 3fe2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6578 6563 ?.... When exec\n+00012f00: 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 uted, the exit s\n+00012f10: 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 756e 6374 tatus of a funct\n+00012f20: 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 740a ion is the exit.\n+00012f30: 2020 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 status of t\n+00012f40: 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 he last command \n+00012f50: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 executed in the \n+00012f60: 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 body...menuentry\n+00012f70: 2054 4954 4c45 205b e280 982d 2d63 6c61 TITLE [...--cla\n+00012f80: 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 e280 9920 2e2e 2e5d ss=class... ...]\n+00012f90: 205b e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 [...--users=use\n+00012fa0: 7273 e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d75 6e72 rs...] [...--unr\n+00012fb0: 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 5d20 5be2 estricted...] [.\n+00012fc0: 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 e280 ..--hotkey=key..\n+00012fd0: 995d 205b e280 982d 2d69 643d 6964 e280 .] [...--id=id..\n+00012fe0: 995d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e .] { COMMAND; ..\n+00012ff0: 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 206d . }. *Note m\n+00013000: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 enuentry::...Bui\n+00013010: 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d lt-in Commands.=\n+00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00013030: 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 ..Some built-in \n+00013040: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 6c73 commands are als\n+00013050: 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4752 o provided by GR\n+00013060: 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 656c UB script to hel\n+00013070: 7020 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 7273 p script.writers\n+00013080: 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f 6e73 perform actions\n+00013090: 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 7277 that are otherw\n+000130a0: 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 ise not possible\n+000130b0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a . For example,.\n+000130c0: 7468 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 636f these include co\n+000130d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f mmands to jump o\n+000130e0: 7574 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 ut of a loop wit\n+000130f0: 686f 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c hout fully compl\n+00013100: 6574 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a eting.it, etc...\n+00013110: 6272 6561 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a break [...n...].\n+00013120: 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 Exit from w\n+00013130: 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 ithin a ...for..\n+00013140: 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 ., ...while..., \n+00013150: 6f72 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c or ...until... l\n+00013160: 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 oop. If ...n...\n+00013170: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 is. specifi\n+00013180: 6564 2c20 6272 6561 6b20 e280 986e e280 ed, break ...n..\n+00013190: 9920 6c65 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 . levels. ...n.\n+000131a0: 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 .. must be great\n+000131b0: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c er than or equal\n+000131c0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 2049 6620 to. 1. If \n+000131d0: e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2067 7265 6174 ...n... is great\n+000131e0: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 er than the numb\n+000131f0: 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 er of enclosing \n+00013200: 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 loops, all. \n+00013210: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 enclosing loops \n+00013220: 6172 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 6865 are exited. The\n+00013230: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 6973 return value is\n+00013240: 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 986e e280 0 unless ...n..\n+00013250: 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 . is. not gr\n+00013260: 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 eater than or eq\n+00013270: 7561 6c20 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 ual to 1...conti\n+00013280: 6e75 6520 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 nue [...n...]. \n+00013290: 2020 2052 6573 756d 6520 7468 6520 6e65 Resume the ne\n+000132a0: 7874 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 xt iteration of \n+000132b0: 7468 6520 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 e280 the enclosing ..\n+000132c0: 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c .for..., ...whil\n+000132d0: 65e2 8099 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 e... or. ...\n+000132e0: 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 until... loop. \n+000132f0: 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 7370 If ...n... is sp\n+00013300: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2072 6573 756d 6520 ecified, resume \n+00013310: 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 7468 at the ...n...th\n+00013320: 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 enclosing. \n+00013330: 6c6f 6f70 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d loop. ...n... m\n+00013340: 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ust be greater t\n+00013350: 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 han or equal to \n+00013360: 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 1. If ...n... i\n+00013370: 7320 6772 6561 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 s greater. t\n+00013380: 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f han the number o\n+00013390: 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 f enclosing loop\n+000133a0: 732c 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c s, the last encl\n+000133b0: 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a osing loop (the.\n+000133c0: 2020 2020 20e2 809c 746f 702d 6c65 7665 ...top-leve\n+000133d0: 6ce2 809d 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 7265 l... loop) is re\n+000133e0: 7375 6d65 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 sumed. The retu\n+000133f0: 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 3020 756e rn value is 0 un\n+00013400: 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a less ...n... is.\n+00013410: 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 6174 6572 not greater\n+00013420: 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 than or equal t\n+00013430: 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e 205b e280 o 1...return [..\n+00013440: 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 7573 .n...]. Caus\n+00013450: 6573 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f es a function to\n+00013460: 2065 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 exit with the r\n+00013470: 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 6563 eturn value spec\n+00013480: 6966 6965 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 ified by ...n...\n+00013490: 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 .. If ...n..\n+000134a0: 9920 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 . is omitted, th\n+000134b0: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 e return status \n+000134c0: 6973 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c is that of the l\n+000134d0: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 ast command. \n+000134e0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 executed in the\n+000134f0: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 function body. \n+00013500: 2049 6620 7573 6564 206f 7574 7369 6465 If used outside\n+00013510: 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7468 650a a function the.\n+00013520: 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7374 6174 return stat\n+00013530: 7573 2069 7320 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 us is false...se\n+00013540: 7470 6172 616d 7320 5be2 8098 6172 67e2 tparams [...arg.\n+00013550: 8099 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6570 ..] .... Rep\n+00013560: 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 lace positional \n+00013570: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 7461 7274 parameters start\n+00013580: 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2431 e280 ing with ...$1..\n+00013590: 9920 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 . with arguments\n+000135a0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7470 to. ...setp\n+000135b0: 6172 616d 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 arams......shift\n+000135c0: 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 [...n...]. \n+000135d0: 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 The positional p\n+000135e0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 20e2 arameters from .\n+000135f0: 8098 6ee2 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 7265 ..n...+1 ... are\n+00013600: 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 e280 9824 renamed to ...$\n+00013610: 31e2 8099 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5061 1........ Pa\n+00013620: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 7365 rameters represe\n+00013630: 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 nted by the numb\n+00013640: 6572 7320 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2064 6f77 ers ...$#... dow\n+00013650: 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992d e280 n to ...$#...-..\n+00013660: 986e e280 992b 3120 6172 650a 2020 2020 .n...+1 are. \n+00013670: 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 unset. ...n...\n+00013680: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e must be a non-n\n+00013690: 6567 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206c egative number l\n+000136a0: 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 ess than or equa\n+000136b0: 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 23e2 l to. ...$#.\n+000136c0: 8099 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 ... If ...n... \n+000136d0: 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 616d 6574 is 0, no paramet\n+000136e0: 6572 7320 6172 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e ers are changed.\n+000136f0: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 If ...n... is \n+00013700: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 not. given, \n+00013710: 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f it is assumed to\n+00013720: 2062 6520 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 be 1. If ...n.\n+00013730: 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 .. is greater th\n+00013740: 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992c 2074 6865 an ...$#..., the\n+00013750: 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c . positional\n+00013760: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 parameters are \n+00013770: 6e6f 7420 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 not changed. Th\n+00013780: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 e return status \n+00013790: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 is. greater \n+000137a0: 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f20 6966 20e2 8098 than zero if ...\n+000137b0: 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 n... is greater \n+000137c0: 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 9920 6f72 than ...$#... or\n+000137d0: 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f3b less than zero;\n+000137e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 . otherwise \n+000137f0: 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 0.....File: grub\n+00013800: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 .info, Node: Sh\n+00013810: 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 ell-like scripti\n+00013820: 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 ng-Footnotes, U\n+00013830: 703a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 p: Shell-like sc\n+00013840: 7269 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 ripting.. (1) \n+00013850: 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 6261 636b Currently a back\n+00013860: 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e 6520 7061 slash-newline pa\n+00013870: 6972 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 7661 7269 ir within a vari\n+00013880: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 206e 6f74 able name is not\n+00013890: 0a68 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f 7065 726c .handled properl\n+000138a0: 792c 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6973 2066 y, so use this f\n+000138b0: 6561 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 736f 6d65 eature with some\n+000138c0: 2063 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 care.....File: \n+000138d0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000138e0: 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e : Multi-boot man\n+000138f0: 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 ual config, Nex\n+00013900: 743a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 t: Embedded conf\n+00013910: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 iguration, Prev\n+00013920: 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 : Shell-like scr\n+00013930: 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e ipting, Up: Con\n+00013940: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3420 figuration..6.4 \n+00013950: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n+00013960: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d l config.=======\n 00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00013980: 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 =..Currently aut\n-00013990: 6f67 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 ogenerating conf\n-000139a0: 6967 2066 696c 6573 2066 6f72 206d 756c ig files for mul\n-000139b0: 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d ti-boot environm\n-000139c0: 656e 7473 0a64 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 ents.depends on \n-000139d0: 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 616e 6420 6861 os-prober and ha\n-000139e0: 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 s several shortc\n-000139f0: 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 2044 7565 2074 6f20 omings. Due to \n-00013a00: 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 0a64 6973 6162 that it is.disab\n-00013a10: 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 led by default. \n-00013a20: 2049 7420 6973 2061 6476 6973 6564 2074 It is advised t\n-00013a30: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 706f 7765 7220 o use the power \n-00013a40: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 7379 6e74 6178 2061 of GRUB syntax a\n-00013a50: 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c nd.do it yoursel\n-00013a60: 662e 2020 4120 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2063 f. A possible c\n-00013a70: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 onfiguration is \n-00013a80: 6465 7461 696c 6564 2068 6572 652c 2066 detailed here, f\n-00013a90: 6565 6c20 6672 6565 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 eel free to.adju\n-00013aa0: 7374 2074 6f20 796f 7572 206e 6565 6473 st to your needs\n-00013ab0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 6372 6561 ... First crea\n-00013ac0: 7465 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 4752 te a separate GR\n-00013ad0: 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 UB partition, bi\n-00013ae0: 6720 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 g enough to hold\n-00013af0: 2047 5255 422e 2053 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 GRUB. Some.of t\n-00013b00: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 he following ent\n-00013b10: 7269 6573 2073 686f 7720 686f 7720 746f ries show how to\n-00013b20: 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c load OS install\n-00013b30: 6572 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 er images from t\n-00013b40: 6869 730a 7361 6d65 2070 6172 7469 7469 his.same partiti\n-00013b50: 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 7468 6174 2079 6f75 on, for that you\n-00013b60: 206f 6276 696f 7573 6c79 206e 6565 6420 obviously need \n-00013b70: 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 to make the part\n-00013b80: 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 650a 656e 6f75 ition large.enou\n-00013b90: 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2074 686f 7365 gh to hold those\n-00013ba0: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6173 2077 656c 6c2e images as well.\n-00013bb0: 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 6973 2070 6172 Mount this par\n-00013bc0: 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f tition on/mnt/bo\n-00013bd0: 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2047 ot.and disable G\n-00013be0: 5255 4220 696e 2061 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 RUB in all OSes \n-00013bf0: 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 and manually ins\n-00013c00: 7461 6c6c 2073 656c 662d 636f 6d70 696c tall self-compil\n-00013c10: 6564 206c 6174 6573 740a 4752 5542 2077 ed latest.GRUB w\n-00013c20: 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ith:.. ...grub\n-00013c30: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d -install --boot-\n-00013c40: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 directory=/mnt/b\n-00013c50: 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 990a oot /dev/sda....\n-00013c60: 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 204f . In all the O\n-00013c70: 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 Ses install GRUB\n-00013c80: 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 2064 6973 6162 tools but disab\n-00013c90: 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 le installing GR\n-00013ca0: 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 6374 6f72 UB in.bootsector\n-00013cb0: 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6861 7665 , so you'll have\n-00013cc0: 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 616e 6420 6772 menu.lst and gr\n-00013cd0: 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ub.cfg available\n-00013ce0: 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a 416c 736f 2064 for use..Also d\n-00013cf0: 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 isable os-prober\n-00013d00: 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 673a use by setting:\n-00013d10: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 .. ...GRUB_DIS\n-00013d20: 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 3d74 ABLE_OS_PROBER=t\n-00013d30: 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 rue..... in /e\n-00013d40: 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 620a tc/default/grub.\n-00013d50: 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 2061 . Then write a\n-00013d60: 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e 742f grub.cfg (/mnt/\n-00013d70: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n-00013d80: 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 fg):... menu\n-00013d90: 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 entry \"OS using \n-00013da0: 6772 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 grub2\" {. \n-00013db0: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 2020 insmod xfs. \n-00013dc0: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n-00013dd0: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 =root --label OS\n-00013de0: 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 1 --hint hd0,msd\n-00013df0: 6f73 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 os8. conf\n-00013e00: 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 igfile /boot/gru\n-00013e10: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 b/grub.cfg. \n-00013e20: 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 }.. menuentr\n-00013e30: 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 y \"OS using grub\n-00013e40: 322d 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2-legacy\" {. \n-00013e50: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 320a insmod ext2.\n-00013e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n-00013e70: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n-00013e80: 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 l OS2 --hint hd0\n-00013e90: 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,msdos6. \n-00013ea0: 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c legacy_configfil\n-00013eb0: 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d 656e e /boot/grub/men\n-00013ec0: 752e 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 u.lst. }.. \n-00013ed0: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 menuentry \"Wi\n-00013ee0: 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 ndows XP\" {. \n-00013ef0: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 730a insmod ntfs.\n-00013f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n-00013f10: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n-00013f20: 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d 2d68 l WINDOWS_XP --h\n-00013f30: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 int hd0,msdos1. \n-00013f40: 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 6e74 ntldr /nt\n-00013f50: 6c64 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 ldr. }.. \n-00013f60: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 menuentry \"Wind\n-00013f70: 6f77 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ows 7\" {. \n-00013f80: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 insmod ntfs. \n-00013f90: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 search --se\n-00013fa0: 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 t=root --label W\n-00013fb0: 494e 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e 7420 INDOWS_7 --hint \n-00013fc0: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 2020 hd0,msdos2. \n-00013fd0: 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 ntldr /bootmg\n-00013fe0: 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d r. }.. m\n-00013ff0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 4253 enuentry \"FreeBS\n-00014000: 4422 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D\" {. \n-00014010: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 insmod zfs. \n-00014020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n-00014030: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n-00014040: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f 6f6c --label freepool\n-00014050: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n-00014060: 7337 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s7. \n-00014070: 2020 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f 6672 6565 kfreebsd /free\n-00014080: 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c bsd@/boot/kernel\n-00014090: 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 /kernel. \n-000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f kfreebsd_\n-000140b0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 module_elf /free\n-000140c0: 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c bsd@/boot/kernel\n-000140d0: 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 2e6b 6f0a /opensolaris.ko.\n-000140e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n-000140f0: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 freebsd_module_e\n-00014100: 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f lf /freebsd@/boo\n-00014110: 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 2e6b 6f0a t/kernel/zfs.ko.\n-00014120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n-00014130: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f freebsd_module /\n-00014140: 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 7a66 freebsd@/boot/zf\n-00014150: 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 6520 7479 s/zpool.cache ty\n-00014160: 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 2f7a 706f pe=/boot/zfs/zpo\n-00014170: 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ol.cache. \n-00014180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 set kFre\n-00014190: 6542 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f 742e 6d6f eBSD.vfs.root.mo\n-000141a0: 756e 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a 6672 6565 untfrom=zfs:free\n-000141b0: 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 7364 0a20 2020 pool/freebsd. \n-000141c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 set \n-000141d0: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e68 772e 7073 6d2e kFreeBSD.hw.psm.\n-000141e0: 7379 6e61 7074 6963 735f 7375 7070 6f72 synaptics_suppor\n-000141f0: 743d 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 t=1. }.. \n-00014200: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 6578 7065 menuentry \"expe\n-00014210: 7269 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 5255 4222 207b rimental GRUB\" {\n-00014220: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00014230: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n-00014240: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d t --label GRUB -\n-00014250: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 -hint hd0,msdos5\n-00014260: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00014270: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 7870 6572 multiboot /exper\n-00014280: 696d 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 imental/grub/i38\n-00014290: 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 652e 696d 670a 2020 6-pc/core.img. \n-000142a0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n-000142b0: 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2031 3620 ntry \"Fedora 16 \n-000142c0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7222 207b 0a20 2020 installer\" {. \n-000142d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 sear\n-000142e0: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n-000142f0: 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e label GRUB --hin\n-00014300: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos5. \n-00014310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 linu\n-00014320: 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 x /fedora/vmlinu\n-00014330: 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 z lang=en_US key\n-00014340: 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f map=sg resolutio\n-00014350: 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 n=1280x800. \n-00014360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 initrd\n-00014370: 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e /fedora/initrd.\n-00014380: 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 img. }.. \n-00014390: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f menuentry \"Fedo\n-000143a0: 7261 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 6e73 7461 ra rawhide insta\n-000143b0: 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ller\" {. \n-000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d search --\n-000143d0: 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c set=root --label\n-000143e0: 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 GRUB --hint hd0\n-000143f0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,msdos5. \n-00014400: 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f 6665 linux /fe\n-00014410: 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6570 dora/vmlinuz rep\n-00014420: 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 6f72 2e73 o=ftp://mirror.s\n-00014430: 7769 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 726f 722f witch.ch/mirror/\n-00014440: 6665 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 6576 fedora/linux/dev\n-00014450: 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 6869 6465 elopment/rawhide\n-00014460: 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f /x86_64 lang=en_\n-00014470: 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 US keymap=sg res\n-00014480: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 olution=1280x800\n-00014490: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000144a0: 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 initrd /fedora/i\n-000144b0: 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d nitrd.img. }\n-000144c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-000144d0: 2022 4465 6269 616e 2073 6964 2069 6e73 \"Debian sid ins\n-000144e0: 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 taller\" {. \n-000144f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 search \n-00014500: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 --set=root --lab\n-00014510: 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 el GRUB --hint h\n-00014520: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos5. \n-00014530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f linux /\n-00014540: 6465 6269 616e 2f64 6973 7473 2f73 6964 debian/dists/sid\n-00014550: 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 616c 6c65 722d /main/installer-\n-00014560: 616d 6436 342f 6375 7272 656e 742f 696d amd64/current/im\n-00014570: 6167 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 612f 766d ages/hd-media/vm\n-00014580: 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 linuz. \n-00014590: 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2f64 6562 initrd /deb\n-000145a0: 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 732f 7369 642f 6d61 ian/dists/sid/ma\n-000145b0: 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2d61 6d64 in/installer-amd\n-000145c0: 3634 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 6d61 6765 64/current/image\n-000145d0: 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 6e69 7472 s/hd-media/initr\n-000145e0: 642e 677a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a0a 2020 d.gz. }... \n-000145f0: 204e 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 Notes:. ... A\n-00014600: 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2073 6561 7263 rgument to searc\n-00014610: 6820 6166 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 h after -label i\n-00014620: 7320 4653 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 s FS LABEL. You \n-00014630: 6361 6e20 616c 736f 2075 7365 2055 5549 can also use UUI\n-00014640: 4473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 202d 6673 Ds. with -fs\n-00014650: 2d75 7569 6420 5555 4944 2069 6e73 7465 -uuid UUID inste\n-00014660: 6164 206f 6620 2d6c 6162 656c 204c 4142 ad of -label LAB\n-00014670: 454c 2e20 596f 7520 636f 756c 6420 616c EL. You could al\n-00014680: 736f 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 so use. dire\n-00014690: 6374 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d68 6430 2c6d ct ...root=hd0,m\n-000146a0: 7364 6f73 58e2 8099 2062 7574 2074 6869 sdosX... but thi\n-000146b0: 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 s is not recomme\n-000146c0: 6e64 6564 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6465 7669 nded due to devi\n-000146d0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 2069 6e73 ce. name ins\n-000146e0: 7461 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c tability.....Fil\n-000146f0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00014700: 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f ode: Embedded co\n-00014710: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 nfiguration, Pr\n-00014720: 6576 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d ev: Multi-boot m\n-00014730: 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 anual config, U\n-00014740: 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e p: Configuration\n-00014750: 0a0a 362e 3520 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 ..6.5 Embedding \n-00014760: 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a configuration \n-00014770: 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a3d file into GRUB.=\n-00014780: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00013980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 =====..Currently\n+00013990: 2061 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 autogenerating \n+000139a0: 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 2066 6f72 config files for\n+000139b0: 206d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 multi-boot envi\n+000139c0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 656e 6473 ronments.depends\n+000139d0: 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 616e on os-prober an\n+000139e0: 6420 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7368 d has several sh\n+000139f0: 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 2044 7565 ortcomings. Due\n+00013a00: 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 0a64 to that it is.d\n+00013a10: 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 isabled by defau\n+00013a20: 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 6476 6973 lt. It is advis\n+00013a30: 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 706f ed to use the po\n+00013a40: 7765 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 7379 6e74 wer of GRUB synt\n+00013a50: 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 6f75 ax and.do it you\n+00013a60: 7273 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f 7373 6962 rself. A possib\n+00013a70: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n+00013a80: 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 2068 6572 is detailed her\n+00013a90: 652c 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 2074 6f0a e, feel free to.\n+00013aa0: 6164 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f 7572 206e adjust to your n\n+00013ab0: 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 eeds... First \n+00013ac0: 6372 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 create a separat\n+00013ad0: 6520 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e e GRUB partition\n+00013ae0: 2c20 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 , big enough to \n+00013af0: 686f 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 6f6d 650a hold GRUB. Some.\n+00013b00: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 of the following\n+00013b10: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f 7720 686f entries show ho\n+00013b20: 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 6e73 w to load OS ins\n+00013b30: 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6672 taller images fr\n+00013b40: 6f6d 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 2070 6172 om this.same par\n+00013b50: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 7468 6174 tition, for that\n+00013b60: 2079 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 6c79 206e you obviously n\n+00013b70: 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 eed to make the \n+00013b80: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 650a partition large.\n+00013b90: 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2074 enough to hold t\n+00013ba0: 686f 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6173 2077 hose images as w\n+00013bb0: 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 6973 ell. Mount this\n+00013bc0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f 6d6e partition on/mn\n+00013bd0: 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 6162 t/boot.and disab\n+00013be0: 6c65 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 6c6c 204f le GRUB in all O\n+00013bf0: 5365 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 Ses and manually\n+00013c00: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c 662d 636f install self-co\n+00013c10: 6d70 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 740a 4752 mpiled latest.GR\n+00013c20: 5542 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 UB with:.. ...\n+00013c30: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 grub-install --b\n+00013c40: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d oot-directory=/m\n+00013c50: 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 nt/boot /dev/sda\n+00013c60: e280 990a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 ..... In all t\n+00013c70: 6865 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c20 he OSes install \n+00013c80: 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 2064 GRUB tools but d\n+00013c90: 6973 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e isable installin\n+00013ca0: 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 g GRUB in.bootse\n+00013cb0: 6374 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 ctor, so you'll \n+00013cc0: 6861 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 616e have menu.lst an\n+00013cd0: 6420 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 696c d grub.cfg avail\n+00013ce0: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a 416c able for use..Al\n+00013cf0: 736f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d 7072 so disable os-pr\n+00013d00: 6f62 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 7474 ober use by sett\n+00013d10: 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 ing:.. ...GRUB\n+00013d20: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 _DISABLE_OS_PROB\n+00013d30: 4552 3d74 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2069 ER=true..... i\n+00013d40: 6e20 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 n /etc/default/g\n+00013d50: 7275 620a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 rub.. Then wri\n+00013d60: 7465 2061 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f te a grub.cfg (/\n+00013d70: 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 mnt/boot/grub/gr\n+00013d80: 7562 2e63 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ub.cfg):... \n+00013d90: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 menuentry \"OS us\n+00013da0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 ing grub2\" {. \n+00013db0: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a insmod xfs.\n+00013dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n+00013dd0: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n+00013de0: 6c20 4f53 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 l OS1 --hint hd0\n+00013df0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,msdos8. \n+00013e00: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 configfile /boot\n+00013e10: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 /grub/grub.cfg. \n+00013e20: 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 }.. menu\n+00013e30: 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 entry \"OS using \n+00013e40: 6772 7562 322d 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a grub2-legacy\" {.\n+00013e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 insmod e\n+00013e60: 7874 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 xt2. sear\n+00013e70: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n+00013e80: 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 label OS2 --hint\n+00013e90: 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 hd0,msdos6. \n+00013ea0: 2020 2020 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 legacy_confi\n+00013eb0: 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 gfile /boot/grub\n+00013ec0: 2f6d 656e 752e 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d /menu.lst. }\n+00013ed0: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n+00013ee0: 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a \"Windows XP\" {.\n+00013ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e insmod n\n+00013f00: 7466 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 tfs. sear\n+00013f10: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n+00013f20: 6c61 6265 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 label WINDOWS_XP\n+00013f30: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n+00013f40: 7331 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 s1. ntldr\n+00013f50: 202f 6e74 6c64 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a /ntldr. }..\n+00013f60: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n+00013f70: 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 Windows 7\" {. \n+00013f80: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 insmod ntfs\n+00013f90: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 . search \n+00013fa0: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 --set=root --lab\n+00013fb0: 656c 2057 494e 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 el WINDOWS_7 --h\n+00013fc0: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 int hd0,msdos2. \n+00013fd0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f ntldr /bo\n+00013fe0: 6f74 6d67 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 otmgr. }.. \n+00013ff0: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 menuentry \"Fr\n+00014000: 6565 4253 4422 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 eeBSD\" {. \n+00014010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a insmod z\n+00014020: 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fs. \n+00014030: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n+00014040: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 oot --label free\n+00014050: 706f 6f6c 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c pool --hint hd0,\n+00014060: 6d73 646f 7337 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 msdos7. \n+00014070: 2020 2020 2020 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f kfreebsd /\n+00014080: 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 freebsd@/boot/ke\n+00014090: 726e 656c 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 rnel/kernel. \n+000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 kfree\n+000140b0: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f bsd_module_elf /\n+000140c0: 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 freebsd@/boot/ke\n+000140d0: 726e 656c 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 rnel/opensolaris\n+000140e0: 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .ko. \n+000140f0: 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 kfreebsd_modu\n+00014100: 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 le_elf /freebsd@\n+00014110: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 /boot/kernel/zfs\n+00014120: 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .ko. \n+00014130: 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 kfreebsd_modu\n+00014140: 6c65 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f le /freebsd@/boo\n+00014150: 742f 7a66 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 t/zfs/zpool.cach\n+00014160: 6520 7479 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 e type=/boot/zfs\n+00014170: 2f7a 706f 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 2020 /zpool.cache. \n+00014180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 set \n+00014190: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f kFreeBSD.vfs.roo\n+000141a0: 742e 6d6f 756e 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a t.mountfrom=zfs:\n+000141b0: 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 7364 freepool/freebsd\n+000141c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000141d0: 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e68 772e set kFreeBSD.hw.\n+000141e0: 7073 6d2e 7379 6e61 7074 6963 735f 7375 psm.synaptics_su\n+000141f0: 7070 6f72 743d 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a pport=1. }..\n+00014200: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n+00014210: 6578 7065 7269 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 5255 experimental GRU\n+00014220: 4222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 B\" {. \n+00014230: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n+00014240: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 =root --label GR\n+00014250: 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 UB --hint hd0,ms\n+00014260: 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dos5. \n+00014270: 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 multiboot /e\n+00014280: 7870 6572 696d 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 xperimental/grub\n+00014290: 2f69 3338 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 652e 696d /i386-pc/core.im\n+000142a0: 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d g. }.. m\n+000142b0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 enuentry \"Fedora\n+000142c0: 2031 3620 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7222 207b 16 installer\" {\n+000142d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000142e0: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n+000142f0: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d t --label GRUB -\n+00014300: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 -hint hd0,msdos5\n+00014310: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00014320: 6c69 6e75 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 612f 766d linux /fedora/vm\n+00014330: 6c69 6e75 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 linuz lang=en_US\n+00014340: 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c keymap=sg resol\n+00014350: 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 ution=1280x800. \n+00014360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e in\n+00014370: 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 itrd /fedora/ini\n+00014380: 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a trd.img. }..\n+00014390: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n+000143a0: 4665 646f 7261 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 Fedora rawhide i\n+000143b0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 nstaller\" {. \n+000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 searc\n+000143d0: 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c h --set=root --l\n+000143e0: 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 abel GRUB --hint\n+000143f0: 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 hd0,msdos5. \n+00014400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 linux\n+00014410: 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a /fedora/vmlinuz\n+00014420: 2072 6570 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 repo=ftp://mirr\n+00014430: 6f72 2e73 7769 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 or.switch.ch/mir\n+00014440: 726f 722f 6665 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 ror/fedora/linux\n+00014450: 2f64 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 /development/raw\n+00014460: 6869 6465 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 hide/x86_64 lang\n+00014470: 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 =en_US keymap=sg\n+00014480: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 resolution=1280\n+00014490: 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x800. \n+000144a0: 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f initrd /fedo\n+000144b0: 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 ra/initrd.img. \n+000144c0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n+000144d0: 6e74 7279 2022 4465 6269 616e 2073 6964 ntry \"Debian sid\n+000144e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 installer\" {. \n+000144f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 sea\n+00014500: 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d rch --set=root -\n+00014510: 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 -label GRUB --hi\n+00014520: 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 nt hd0,msdos5. \n+00014530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e lin\n+00014540: 7578 202f 6465 6269 616e 2f64 6973 7473 ux /debian/dists\n+00014550: 2f73 6964 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 616c /sid/main/instal\n+00014560: 6c65 722d 616d 6436 342f 6375 7272 656e ler-amd64/curren\n+00014570: 742f 696d 6167 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 t/images/hd-medi\n+00014580: 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 a/vmlinuz. \n+00014590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 initrd \n+000145a0: 2f64 6562 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 732f 7369 /debian/dists/si\n+000145b0: 642f 6d61 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 d/main/installer\n+000145c0: 2d61 6d64 3634 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 -amd64/current/i\n+000145d0: 6d61 6765 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 mages/hd-media/i\n+000145e0: 6e69 7472 642e 677a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a nitrd.gz. }.\n+000145f0: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 .. Notes:. .\n+00014600: 80a2 2041 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2073 .. Argument to s\n+00014610: 6561 7263 6820 6166 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 earch after -lab\n+00014620: 656c 2069 7320 4653 204c 4142 454c 2e20 el is FS LABEL. \n+00014630: 596f 7520 6361 6e20 616c 736f 2075 7365 You can also use\n+00014640: 2055 5549 4473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 UUIDs. with\n+00014650: 202d 6673 2d75 7569 6420 5555 4944 2069 -fs-uuid UUID i\n+00014660: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 2d6c 6162 656c nstead of -label\n+00014670: 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 636f 756c LABEL. You coul\n+00014680: 6420 616c 736f 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 d also use. \n+00014690: 6469 7265 6374 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d68 direct ...root=h\n+000146a0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 58e2 8099 2062 7574 d0,msdosX... but\n+000146b0: 2074 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2072 6563 this is not rec\n+000146c0: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2064 7565 2074 6f20 ommended due to \n+000146d0: 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 device. name\n+000146e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a1f instability....\n+000146f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00014700: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 , Node: Embedde\n+00014710: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c d configuration,\n+00014720: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f Prev: Multi-bo\n+00014730: 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 ot manual config\n+00014740: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 , Up: Configura\n+00014750: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3520 456d 6265 6464 tion..6.5 Embedd\n+00014760: 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ing a configurat\n+00014770: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 ion file into GR\n+00014780: 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d UB.=============\n 00014790: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 ===========..GRU\n-000147b0: 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2065 6d62 6564 B supports embed\n-000147c0: 6469 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ding a configura\n-000147d0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6469 7265 6374 tion file direct\n-000147e0: 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 ly into the core\n-000147f0: 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 .image, so that \n-00014800: 6974 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6566 it is loaded bef\n-00014810: 6f72 6520 656e 7465 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 ore entering nor\n-00014820: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 mal mode. This \n-00014830: 6973 0a75 7365 6675 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 is.useful, for e\n-00014840: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7768 656e 2069 7420 xample, when it \n-00014850: 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7472 6169 6768 7466 is not straightf\n-00014860: 6f72 7761 7264 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 orward to find t\n-00014870: 6865 2072 6561 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 he real.configur\n-00014880: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 ation file, or w\n-00014890: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 hen you need to \n-000148a0: 6465 6275 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 debug problems w\n-000148b0: 6974 6820 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 6174 ith loading that\n-000148c0: 0a66 696c 652e 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d .file. ...grub-\n-000148d0: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2075 7365 7320 install... uses \n-000148e0: 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6865 this feature whe\n-000148f0: 6e20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 696e n it is not usin\n-00014900: 6720 4249 4f53 2064 6973 6b0a 6675 6e63 g BIOS disk.func\n-00014910: 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 696e tions or when in\n-00014920: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6469 stalling to a di\n-00014930: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6469 736b 2066 726f fferent disk fro\n-00014940: 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 636f 6e74 6169 m the one contai\n-00014950: 6e69 6e67 0ae2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 ning..../boot/gr\n-00014960: 7562 e280 992c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 ub..., in which \n-00014970: 6361 7365 2069 7420 6e65 6564 7320 746f case it needs to\n-00014980: 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 use the ...sear\n-00014990: 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a ch... command (*\n-000149a0: 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2074 note.search::) t\n-000149b0: 6f20 6669 6e64 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f o find .../boot/\n-000149c0: 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 grub...... To \n-000149d0: 656d 6265 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 embed a configur\n-000149e0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 ation file, use \n-000149f0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 63e2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-c... opt\n-00014a00: 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ion to ...grub-m\n-00014a10: 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 992e 0a54 6865 2066 kimage.....The f\n-00014a20: 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 696e ile is copied in\n-00014a30: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 to the core imag\n-00014a40: 652c 2073 6f20 6974 206d 6179 2072 6573 e, so it may res\n-00014a50: 6964 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 ide anywhere on \n-00014a60: 7468 650a 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2c the.file system,\n-00014a70: 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7265 6d6f and may be remo\n-00014a80: 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 7275 6e6e 696e ved after runnin\n-00014a90: 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 g ...grub-mkimag\n-00014aa0: 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 e...... After \n-00014ab0: 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e the embedded con\n-00014ac0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-00014ad0: 2869 6620 616e 7929 2069 7320 6578 6563 (if any) is exec\n-00014ae0: 7574 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a uted, GRUB will.\n-00014af0: 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d load the ...norm\n-00014b00: 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e al... module (*n\n-00014b10: 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 ote normal::), w\n-00014b20: 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2072 hich will then r\n-00014b30: 6561 6420 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e ead the real.con\n-00014b40: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-00014b50: 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f from ...$prefix/\n-00014b60: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 4279 grub.cfg.... By\n-00014b70: 2074 6869 7320 706f 696e 742c 2074 6865 this point, the\n-00014b80: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a 7661 7269 ...root....vari\n-00014b90: 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f 2068 able will also h\n-00014ba0: 6176 6520 6265 656e 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ave been set to \n-00014bb0: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 the root device \n-00014bc0: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 name. For examp\n-00014bd0: 6c65 2c0a e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 le,....prefix...\n-00014be0: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f might be set to\n-00014bf0: 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 ...(hd0,1)/boot\n-00014c00: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 /grub..., and ..\n-00014c10: 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 .root... might b\n-00014c20: 6520 7365 7420 746f 0ae2 8098 6864 302c e set to....hd0,\n-00014c30: 31e2 8099 2e20 2054 6875 732c 2069 6e20 1.... Thus, in \n-00014c40: 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 most cases, the \n-00014c50: 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 embedded configu\n-00014c60: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 6c79 ration file only\n-00014c70: 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 .needs to set th\n-00014c80: 6520 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2061 e ...prefix... a\n-00014c90: 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 7661 nd ...root... va\n-00014ca0: 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 riables, and the\n-00014cb0: 6e20 6472 6f70 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 n drop through t\n-00014cc0: 6f0a 4752 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 o.GRUB's normal \n-00014cd0: 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 processing. A t\n-00014ce0: 7970 6963 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f ypical example o\n-00014cf0: 6620 7468 6973 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f f this might loo\n-00014d00: 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 k like.this:.. \n-00014d10: 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 search.fs_uui\n-00014d20: 6420 3031 3233 3435 3637 2d38 3961 622d d 01234567-89ab-\n-00014d30: 6364 6566 2d30 3132 332d 3435 3637 3839 cdef-0123-456789\n-00014d40: 6162 6364 6566 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 abcdef root. \n-00014d50: 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f set prefix=($ro\n-00014d60: 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 ot)/boot/grub.. \n-00014d70: 2020 2854 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 (The ...search\n-00014d80: 5f66 735f 7575 6964 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 _fs_uuid... modu\n-00014d90: 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 le must be inclu\n-00014da0: 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 ded in the core \n-00014db0: 696d 6167 6520 666f 720a 7468 6973 2065 image for.this e\n-00014dc0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2e29 xample to work.)\n-00014dd0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d .. In more com\n-00014de0: 706c 6578 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6974 206d plex cases, it m\n-00014df0: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 ay be useful to \n-00014e00: 7265 6164 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 read other confi\n-00014e10: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6573 2064 guration.files d\n-00014e20: 6972 6563 746c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 irectly from the\n-00014e30: 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 embedded config\n-00014e40: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 uration file. T\n-00014e50: 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 7563 680a his allows such.\n-00014e60: 7468 696e 6773 2061 7320 7265 6164 696e things as readin\n-00014e70: 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 6361 6c6c g files not call\n-00014e80: 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 ed ...grub.cfg..\n-00014e90: 992c 206f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 ., or reading fi\n-00014ea0: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 6972 6563 les from a.direc\n-00014eb0: 746f 7279 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 tory other than \n-00014ec0: 7468 6174 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4227 that where GRUB'\n-00014ed0: 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c s loadable modul\n-00014ee0: 6573 2061 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 es are installed\n-00014ef0: 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 696e ..To do this, in\n-00014f00: 636c 7564 6520 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e clude the ...con\n-00014f10: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 figfile... and .\n-00014f20: 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 ..normal... modu\n-00014f30: 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a les in the core.\n-00014f40: 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 image, and embed\n-00014f50: 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a configuration\n-00014f60: 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 2075 7365 7320 file that uses \n-00014f70: 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c the ...configfil\n-00014f80: 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a74 6f20 e... command.to \n-00014f90: 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c load another fil\n-00014fa0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e e. The followin\n-00014fb0: 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2074 6869 g example of thi\n-00014fc0: 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 s also requires \n-00014fd0: 7468 650a e280 9865 6368 6fe2 8099 2c20 the....echo..., \n-00014fe0: e280 9873 6561 7263 685f 6c61 6265 6ce2 ...search_label.\n-00014ff0: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9874 6573 74e2 .., and ...test.\n-00015000: 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6265 .. modules to be\n-00015010: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 included in the\n-00015020: 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 core.image:.. \n-00015030: 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 search.fs_lab\n-00015040: 656c 2067 7275 6220 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 el grub root. \n-00015050: 2020 6966 205b 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f if [ -e /boot/\n-00015060: 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 grub/example/tes\n-00015070: 7431 2e63 6667 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 t1.cfg ]; then. \n-00015080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 set pref\n-00015090: 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f ix=($root)/boot/\n-000150a0: 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f grub. co\n-000150b0: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 nfigfile /boot/g\n-000150c0: 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 rub/example/test\n-000150d0: 312e 6366 670a 2020 2020 2065 6c73 650a 1.cfg. else.\n-000150e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 if [ -e\n-000150f0: 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d /boot/grub/exam\n-00015100: 706c 652f 7465 7374 322e 6366 6720 5d3b ple/test2.cfg ];\n-00015110: 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 then. \n-00015120: 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 set prefix=($\n-00015130: 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a root)/boot/grub.\n-00015140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e con\n-00015150: 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 figfile /boot/gr\n-00015160: 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 ub/example/test2\n-00015170: 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c .cfg. el\n-00015180: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se. \n-00015190: 6563 686f 2022 436f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 echo \"Could not \n-000151a0: 6669 6e64 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 6520 find an example \n-000151b0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-000151c0: 6c65 2122 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 le!\". fi\n-000151d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 . fi.. The\n-000151e0: 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 embedded config\n-000151f0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206d 6179 uration file may\n-00015200: 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206d 656e not contain men\n-00015210: 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 6469 7265 6374 u entries.direct\n-00015220: 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 ly, but may only\n-00015230: 2072 6561 6420 7468 656d 2066 726f 6d20 read them from \n-00015240: 656c 7365 7768 6572 6520 7573 696e 6720 elsewhere using \n-00015250: e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ...configfile...\n-00015260: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00015270: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 6865 info, Node: The\n-00015280: 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 me file format, \n-00015290: 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 Next: Network, \n-000152a0: 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Prev: Configura\n-000152b0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a tion, Up: Top..\n-000152c0: 3720 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 7 Theme file for\n-000152d0: 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a mat.************\n-000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 2e31 2049 6e74 *******..7.1 Int\n-000152f0: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d roduction.======\n-00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-00015310: 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d GRUB graphical m\n-00015320: 656e 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 enu supports the\n-00015330: 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e 2063 7573 mes that can cus\n-00015340: 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 6865 206c 6179 6f75 tomize the layou\n-00015350: 740a 616e 6420 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 t.and appearance\n-00015360: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f of the GRUB boo\n-00015370: 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2054 6865 2074 6865 t menu. The the\n-00015380: 6d65 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 me is configured\n-00015390: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 0a70 6c61 696e through a.plain\n-000153a0: 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 text file that \n-000153b0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6c61 specifies the la\n-000153c0: 796f 7574 206f 6620 7468 6520 7661 7269 yout of the vari\n-000153d0: 6f75 7320 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ous GUI componen\n-000153e0: 7473 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 ts.(including th\n-000153f0: 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752c 2074 696d e boot menu, tim\n-00015400: 656f 7574 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 eout progress ba\n-00015410: 722c 2061 6e64 2074 6578 7420 6d65 7373 r, and text mess\n-00015420: 6167 6573 2920 6173 0a77 656c 6c20 6173 ages) as.well as\n-00015430: 2074 6865 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 6520 the appearance \n-00015440: 7573 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 666f using colors, fo\n-00015450: 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 732e nts, and images.\n-00015460: 2020 4578 616d 706c 6520 6973 0a61 7661 Example is.ava\n-00015470: 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 646f 6373 2f65 ilable in docs/e\n-00015480: 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 6865 6d65 2e74 7874 xample_theme.txt\n-00015490: 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 656d 6520 456c 656d ..7.2 Theme Elem\n-000154a0: 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ents.===========\n-000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 2e32 2e31 2043 =======..7.2.1 C\n-000154c0: 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d olors.----------\n-000154d0: 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f 7273 2063 616e 2062 --..Colors can b\n-000154e0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2073 e specified in s\n-000154f0: 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 733a 0a0a 2020 everal ways:.. \n-00015500: 20e2 80a2 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 796c 6520 ... HTML-style \n-00015510: 2223 5252 4747 4242 2220 6f72 2022 2352 \"#RRGGBB\" or \"#R\n-00015520: 4742 2220 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7768 6572 GB\" format, wher\n-00015530: 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 616e 6420 e *R*, *G*, and \n-00015540: 2a42 2a20 6172 650a 2020 2020 2068 6578 *B* are. hex\n-00015550: 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7320 adecimal digits \n-00015560: 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 3946 4622 (e.g., \"#8899FF\"\n-00015570: 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 7320 636f 6d6d ). ... as comm\n-00015580: 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6465 6369 a-separated deci\n-00015590: 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 7661 6c75 6573 2028 mal RGB values (\n-000155a0: 652e 672e 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 3132 382c e.g., \"128, 128,\n-000155b0: 2032 3535 2229 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7769 255\"). ... wi\n-000155c0: 7468 2022 5356 4720 312e 3020 636f 6c6f th \"SVG 1.0 colo\n-000155d0: 7220 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 652e 672e 2c20 r names\" (e.g., \n-000155e0: 2263 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 6522 \"cornflowerblue\"\n-000155f0: 2920 7768 6963 6820 6d75 7374 2062 650a ) which must be.\n-00015600: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 specified i\n-00015610: 6e20 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 652e 0a0a 372e n lowercase...7.\n-00015620: 322e 3220 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2.2 Fonts.------\n-00015630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e 7473 -----..The fonts\n-00015640: 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2022 5046 4632 GRUB uses \"PFF2\n-00015650: 2066 6f6e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2220 6269 font format\" bi\n-00015660: 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 6f6e tmap fonts. Fon\n-00015670: 7473 2061 7265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 ts are.specified\n-00015680: 2077 6974 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e 7420 with full font \n-00015690: 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c names. Currentl\n-000156a0: 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7072 y there is no pr\n-000156b0: 6f76 6973 696f 6e20 666f 7220 610a 7072 ovision for a.pr\n-000156c0: 6566 6572 656e 6365 206c 6973 7420 6f66 eference list of\n-000156d0: 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 6976 fonts, or deriv\n-000156e0: 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 2066 726f ing one font fro\n-000156f0: 6d20 616e 6f74 6865 722e 2020 466f 6e74 m another. Font\n-00015700: 7320 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 6974 s are.loaded wit\n-00015710: 6820 7468 6520 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7422 h the \"loadfont\"\n-00015720: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 5542 command in GRUB\n-00015730: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 (*note loadfont\n-00015740: 3a3a 292e 2020 546f 2073 6565 0a74 6865 ::). To see.the\n-00015750: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 6420 list of loaded \n-00015760: 666f 6e74 732c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 fonts, execute t\n-00015770: 6865 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2063 6f6d he \"lsfonts\" com\n-00015780: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 666f mand (*note.lsfo\n-00015790: 6e74 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 nts::). If ther\n-000157a0: 6520 6172 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 2066 e are too many f\n-000157b0: 6f6e 7473 2074 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e 2073 onts to fit on s\n-000157c0: 6372 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 6574 0a70 creen, do \"set.p\n-000157d0: 6167 6572 3d31 2220 6265 666f 7265 2065 ager=1\" before e\n-000157e0: 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 xecuting \"lsfont\n-000157f0: 7322 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 726f 6772 s\"...7.2.3 Progr\n-00015800: 6573 7320 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ess Bar.--------\n-00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 6775 ----------..Figu\n-00015820: 7265 2037 2e31 0a46 6967 7572 6520 372e re 7.1.Figure 7.\n-00015830: 320a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 2.Progress bars \n-00015840: 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 7370 are used to disp\n-00015850: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e lay the remainin\n-00015860: 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 6520 4752 g time before GR\n-00015870: 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 2064 6566 UB boots.the def\n-00015880: 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e ault menu entry.\n-00015890: 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 7072 To create a pr\n-000158a0: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 6861 7420 ogress bar that \n-000158b0: 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 will display the\n-000158c0: 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d 6520 .remaining time \n-000158d0: 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 before automatic\n-000158e0: 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c 7920 6372 boot, simply cr\n-000158f0: 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 eate a \"progress\n-00015900: 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 _bar\".component \n-00015910: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 225f 5f74 with the id \"__t\n-00015920: 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 6973 imeout__\". This\n-00015930: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6f20 4752 indicates to GR\n-00015940: 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 7072 6f67 UB that the.prog\n-00015950: 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 ress bar should \n-00015960: 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 7320 7469 be updated as ti\n-00015970: 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 me passes, and i\n-00015980: 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 6465 t should be made\n-00015990: 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 6620 7468 .invisible if th\n-000159a0: 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 746f 2061 e countdown to a\n-000159b0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 utomatic boot is\n-000159c0: 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2062 7920 interrupted by \n-000159d0: 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 the user... Pr\n-000159e0: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6d61 7920 ogress bars may \n-000159f0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 6176 6520 optionally have \n-00015a00: 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 206f text displayed o\n-00015a10: 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7465 n them. This te\n-00015a20: 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 xt.is controlled\n-00015a30: 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2022 7465 by variable \"te\n-00015a40: 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f 6e74 6169 xt\" which contai\n-00015a50: 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 7465 6d70 ns a printf temp\n-00015a60: 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 6f6e late with.the on\n-00015a70: 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 2564 2069 ly argument %d i\n-00015a80: 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 s the number of \n-00015a90: 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 696e 696e seconds remainin\n-00015aa0: 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 g. Additionally\n-00015ab0: 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c 7565 7320 .special values \n-00015ac0: 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIFI\n-00015ad0: 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c0a CATION_SHORT@\",.\n-00015ae0: 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIFI\n-00015af0: 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 222c CATION_MIDDLE@\",\n-00015b00: 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIF\n-00015b10: 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 2061 ICATION_LONG@\" a\n-00015b20: 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 7468 re.replaced with\n-00015b30: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e 6420 7472 standard and tr\n-00015b40: 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d 706c 6174 anslated templat\n-00015b50: 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 6375 es...7.2.4 Circu\n-00015b60: 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2049 6e64 lar Progress Ind\n-00015b70: 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d icator.---------\n+000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000147b0: 0a47 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2065 .GRUB supports e\n+000147c0: 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 mbedding a confi\n+000147d0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6469 guration file di\n+000147e0: 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 rectly into the \n+000147f0: 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 736f 2074 core.image, so t\n+00014800: 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 hat it is loaded\n+00014810: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 656e 7465 7269 6e67 before entering\n+00014820: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 normal mode. T\n+00014830: 6869 7320 6973 0a75 7365 6675 6c2c 2066 his is.useful, f\n+00014840: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7768 656e or example, when\n+00014850: 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7472 6169 it is not strai\n+00014860: 6768 7466 6f72 7761 7264 2074 6f20 6669 ghtforward to fi\n+00014870: 6e64 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c0a 636f 6e66 nd the real.conf\n+00014880: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 iguration file, \n+00014890: 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 or when you need\n+000148a0: 2074 6f20 6465 6275 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 to debug proble\n+000148b0: 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 ms with loading \n+000148c0: 7468 6174 0a66 696c 652e 2020 e280 9867 that.file. ...g\n+000148d0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2075 rub-install... u\n+000148e0: 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 ses this feature\n+000148f0: 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 when it is not \n+00014900: 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 2064 6973 6b0a using BIOS disk.\n+00014910: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 2077 6865 functions or whe\n+00014920: 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 n installing to \n+00014930: 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6469 736b a different disk\n+00014940: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 636f from the one co\n+00014950: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0ae2 8098 2f62 6f6f ntaining..../boo\n+00014960: 742f 6772 7562 e280 992c 2069 6e20 7768 t/grub..., in wh\n+00014970: 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 6e65 6564 ich case it need\n+00014980: 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 s to use the ...\n+00014990: 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e search... comman\n+000149a0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a d (*note.search:\n+000149b0: 3a29 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 20e2 8098 2f62 :) to find .../b\n+000149c0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 oot/grub...... \n+000149d0: 2054 6f20 656d 6265 6420 6120 636f 6e66 To embed a conf\n+000149e0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 iguration file, \n+000149f0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 982d 63e2 8099 use the ...-c...\n+00014a00: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 option to ...gr\n+00014a10: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 992e 0a54 ub-mkimage.....T\n+00014a20: 6865 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f70 6965 he file is copie\n+00014a30: 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 d into the core \n+00014a40: 696d 6167 652c 2073 6f20 6974 206d 6179 image, so it may\n+00014a50: 2072 6573 6964 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 reside anywhere\n+00014a60: 206f 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 2073 7973 on the.file sys\n+00014a70: 7465 6d2c 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 tem, and may be \n+00014a80: 7265 6d6f 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 7275 removed after ru\n+00014a90: 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b nning ...grub-mk\n+00014aa0: 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 image...... Af\n+00014ab0: 7465 7220 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 ter the embedded\n+00014ac0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00014ad0: 696c 6520 2869 6620 616e 7929 2069 7320 ile (if any) is \n+00014ae0: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 executed, GRUB w\n+00014af0: 696c 6c0a 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ill.load the ...\n+00014b00: 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 normal... module\n+00014b10: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a (*note normal::\n+00014b20: 292c 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 7468 ), which will th\n+00014b30: 656e 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 7265 616c en read the real\n+00014b40: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 .configuration f\n+00014b50: 696c 6520 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 2470 7265 ile from ...$pre\n+00014b60: 6669 782f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e fix/grub.cfg....\n+00014b70: 2020 4279 2074 6869 7320 706f 696e 742c By this point,\n+00014b80: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a the ...root....\n+00014b90: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 616c variable will al\n+00014ba0: 736f 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2073 6574 so have been set\n+00014bb0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 to the root dev\n+00014bc0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 ice name. For e\n+00014bd0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a e280 9870 7265 6669 xample,....prefi\n+00014be0: 78e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 x... might be se\n+00014bf0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f t to ...(hd0,1)/\n+00014c00: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e boot/grub..., an\n+00014c10: 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 6967 d ...root... mig\n+00014c20: 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 0ae2 8098 ht be set to....\n+00014c30: 6864 302c 31e2 8099 2e20 2054 6875 732c hd0,1.... Thus,\n+00014c40: 2069 6e20 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2c20 in most cases, \n+00014c50: 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e the embedded con\n+00014c60: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n+00014c70: 6f6e 6c79 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 7365 only.needs to se\n+00014c80: 7420 7468 6520 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 t the ...prefix.\n+00014c90: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 .. and ...root..\n+00014ca0: 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 . variables, and\n+00014cb0: 2074 6865 6e20 6472 6f70 2074 6872 6f75 then drop throu\n+00014cc0: 6768 2074 6f0a 4752 5542 2773 206e 6f72 gh to.GRUB's nor\n+00014cd0: 6d61 6c20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2e20 mal processing. \n+00014ce0: 2041 2074 7970 6963 616c 2065 7861 6d70 A typical examp\n+00014cf0: 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6973 206d 6967 6874 le of this might\n+00014d00: 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a look like.this:\n+00014d10: 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 .. search.fs\n+00014d20: 5f75 7569 6420 3031 3233 3435 3637 2d38 _uuid 01234567-8\n+00014d30: 3961 622d 6364 6566 2d30 3132 332d 3435 9ab-cdef-0123-45\n+00014d40: 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 2072 6f6f 740a 6789abcdef root.\n+00014d50: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d set prefix=\n+00014d60: 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ($root)/boot/gru\n+00014d70: 620a 0a20 2020 2854 6865 20e2 8098 7365 b.. (The ...se\n+00014d80: 6172 6368 5f66 735f 7575 6964 e280 9920 arch_fs_uuid... \n+00014d90: 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 module must be i\n+00014da0: 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 ncluded in the c\n+00014db0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 666f 720a 7468 ore image for.th\n+00014dc0: 6973 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 776f is example to wo\n+00014dd0: 726b 2e29 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6d6f 7265 rk.).. In more\n+00014de0: 2063 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6173 6573 2c20 complex cases, \n+00014df0: 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c it may be useful\n+00014e00: 2074 6f20 7265 6164 206f 7468 6572 2063 to read other c\n+00014e10: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c onfiguration.fil\n+00014e20: 6573 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6672 6f6d es directly from\n+00014e30: 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f the embedded co\n+00014e40: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00014e50: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 . This allows s\n+00014e60: 7563 680a 7468 696e 6773 2061 7320 7265 uch.things as re\n+00014e70: 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 ading files not \n+00014e80: 6361 6c6c 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 called ...grub.c\n+00014e90: 6667 e280 992c 206f 7220 7265 6164 696e fg..., or readin\n+00014ea0: 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 g files from a.d\n+00014eb0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 206f 7468 6572 2074 irectory other t\n+00014ec0: 6861 6e20 7468 6174 2077 6865 7265 2047 han that where G\n+00014ed0: 5255 4227 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d RUB's loadable m\n+00014ee0: 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2069 6e73 7461 odules are insta\n+00014ef0: 6c6c 6564 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 lled..To do this\n+00014f00: 2c20 696e 636c 7564 6520 7468 6520 e280 , include the ..\n+00014f10: 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2061 .configfile... a\n+00014f20: 6e64 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 nd ...normal... \n+00014f30: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2063 modules in the c\n+00014f40: 6f72 650a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2065 ore.image, and e\n+00014f50: 6d62 6564 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 mbed a configura\n+00014f60: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 2075 tion file that u\n+00014f70: 7365 7320 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 ses the ...confi\n+00014f80: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 gfile... command\n+00014f90: 0a74 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 .to load another\n+00014fa0: 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c file. The foll\n+00014fb0: 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 owing example of\n+00014fc0: 2074 6869 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 this also requi\n+00014fd0: 7265 7320 7468 650a e280 9865 6368 6fe2 res the....echo.\n+00014fe0: 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 685f 6c61 .., ...search_la\n+00014ff0: 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9874 bel..., and ...t\n+00015000: 6573 74e2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 est... modules t\n+00015010: 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e o be included in\n+00015020: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 653a the core.image:\n+00015030: 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 .. search.fs\n+00015040: 5f6c 6162 656c 2067 7275 6220 726f 6f74 _label grub root\n+00015050: 0a20 2020 2020 6966 205b 202d 6520 2f62 . if [ -e /b\n+00015060: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 oot/grub/example\n+00015070: 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 6667 205d 3b20 7468 /test1.cfg ]; th\n+00015080: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 en. set \n+00015090: 7072 6566 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 prefix=($root)/b\n+000150a0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2020 oot/grub. \n+000150b0: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f configfile /bo\n+000150c0: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f ot/grub/example/\n+000150d0: 7465 7374 312e 6366 670a 2020 2020 2065 test1.cfg. e\n+000150e0: 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6620 lse. if \n+000150f0: 5b20 2d65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f [ -e /boot/grub/\n+00015100: 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 322e 6366 example/test2.cf\n+00015110: 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 g ]; then. \n+00015120: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 set prefi\n+00015130: 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 x=($root)/boot/g\n+00015140: 7275 620a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rub. \n+00015150: 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f configfile /boo\n+00015160: 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 t/grub/example/t\n+00015170: 6573 7432 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 2020 est2.cfg. \n+00015180: 2020 656c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 else. \n+00015190: 2020 2020 6563 686f 2022 436f 756c 6420 echo \"Could \n+000151a0: 6e6f 7420 6669 6e64 2061 6e20 6578 616d not find an exam\n+000151b0: 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple configuratio\n+000151c0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2122 0a20 2020 2020 2020 n file!\". \n+000151d0: 2020 6669 0a20 2020 2020 6669 0a0a 2020 fi. fi.. \n+000151e0: 2054 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f The embedded co\n+000151f0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00015200: 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e may not contain\n+00015210: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 6469 menu entries.di\n+00015220: 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 rectly, but may \n+00015230: 6f6e 6c79 2072 6561 6420 7468 656d 2066 only read them f\n+00015240: 726f 6d20 656c 7365 7768 6572 6520 7573 rom elsewhere us\n+00015250: 696e 6720 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c ing ...configfil\n+00015260: 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 e........File: g\n+00015270: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00015280: 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d Theme file form\n+00015290: 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f at, Next: Netwo\n+000152a0: 726b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6e 6669 rk, Prev: Confi\n+000152b0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 guration, Up: T\n+000152c0: 6f70 0a0a 3720 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 op..7 Theme file\n+000152d0: 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a format.********\n+000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 2e31 ***********..7.1\n+000152f0: 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d Introduction.==\n+00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00015310: 5468 6520 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 The GRUB graphic\n+00015320: 616c 206d 656e 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 al menu supports\n+00015330: 2074 6865 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e themes that can\n+00015340: 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 6865 206c customize the l\n+00015350: 6179 6f75 740a 616e 6420 6170 7065 6172 ayout.and appear\n+00015360: 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 4752 5542 ance of the GRUB\n+00015370: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2054 6865 boot menu. The\n+00015380: 2074 6865 6d65 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 theme is config\n+00015390: 7572 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 0a70 ured through a.p\n+000153a0: 6c61 696e 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 2074 lain text file t\n+000153b0: 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 hat specifies th\n+000153c0: 6520 6c61 796f 7574 206f 6620 7468 6520 e layout of the \n+000153d0: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 4755 4920 636f 6d70 various GUI comp\n+000153e0: 6f6e 656e 7473 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e onents.(includin\n+000153f0: 6720 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752c g the boot menu,\n+00015400: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2070 726f 6772 6573 timeout progres\n+00015410: 7320 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2074 6578 7420 s bar, and text \n+00015420: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2920 6173 0a77 656c messages) as.wel\n+00015430: 6c20 6173 2074 6865 2061 7070 6561 7261 l as the appeara\n+00015440: 6e63 6520 7573 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 nce using colors\n+00015450: 2c20 666f 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6d61 , fonts, and ima\n+00015460: 6765 732e 2020 4578 616d 706c 6520 6973 ges. Example is\n+00015470: 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 646f .available in do\n+00015480: 6373 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 6865 6d65 cs/example_theme\n+00015490: 2e74 7874 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 656d 6520 .txt..7.2 Theme \n+000154a0: 456c 656d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Elements.=======\n+000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 2e32 ===========..7.2\n+000154c0: 2e31 2043 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .1 Colors.------\n+000154d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f 7273 2063 ------..Colors c\n+000154e0: 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 an be specified \n+000154f0: 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 733a in several ways:\n+00015500: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 .. ... HTML-st\n+00015510: 796c 6520 2223 5252 4747 4242 2220 6f72 yle \"#RRGGBB\" or\n+00015520: 2022 2352 4742 2220 666f 726d 6174 2c20 \"#RGB\" format, \n+00015530: 7768 6572 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 where *R*, *G*, \n+00015540: 616e 6420 2a42 2a20 6172 650a 2020 2020 and *B* are. \n+00015550: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 hexadecimal dig\n+00015560: 6974 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 its (e.g., \"#889\n+00015570: 3946 4622 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 7320 9FF\"). ... as \n+00015580: 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 comma-separated \n+00015590: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 7661 6c75 decimal RGB valu\n+000155a0: 6573 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 es (e.g., \"128, \n+000155b0: 3132 382c 2032 3535 2229 0a20 2020 e280 128, 255\"). ..\n+000155c0: a220 7769 7468 2022 5356 4720 312e 3020 . with \"SVG 1.0 \n+000155d0: 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 652e color names\" (e.\n+000155e0: 672e 2c20 2263 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 g., \"cornflowerb\n+000155f0: 6c75 6522 2920 7768 6963 6820 6d75 7374 lue\") which must\n+00015600: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 be. specifi\n+00015610: 6564 2069 6e20 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 652e ed in lowercase.\n+00015620: 0a0a 372e 322e 3220 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d ..7.2.2 Fonts.--\n+00015630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 ---------..The f\n+00015640: 6f6e 7473 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2022 onts GRUB uses \"\n+00015650: 5046 4632 2066 6f6e 7420 666f 726d 6174 PFF2 font format\n+00015660: 2220 6269 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 \" bitmap fonts. \n+00015670: 2046 6f6e 7473 2061 7265 0a73 7065 6369 Fonts are.speci\n+00015680: 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 fied with full f\n+00015690: 6f6e 7420 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 4375 7272 ont names. Curr\n+000156a0: 656e 746c 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e ently there is n\n+000156b0: 6f20 7072 6f76 6973 696f 6e20 666f 7220 o provision for \n+000156c0: 610a 7072 6566 6572 656e 6365 206c 6973 a.preference lis\n+000156d0: 7420 6f66 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 t of fonts, or d\n+000156e0: 6572 6976 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 eriving one font\n+000156f0: 2066 726f 6d20 616e 6f74 6865 722e 2020 from another. \n+00015700: 466f 6e74 7320 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 Fonts are.loaded\n+00015710: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 226c 6f61 6466 with the \"loadf\n+00015720: 6f6e 7422 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 ont\" command in \n+00015730: 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 GRUB (*note load\n+00015740: 666f 6e74 3a3a 292e 2020 546f 2073 6565 font::). To see\n+00015750: 0a74 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 .the list of loa\n+00015760: 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732c 2065 7865 6375 ded fonts, execu\n+00015770: 7465 2074 6865 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 te the \"lsfonts\"\n+00015780: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a command (*note.\n+00015790: 6c73 666f 6e74 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 lsfonts::). If \n+000157a0: 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 there are too ma\n+000157b0: 6e79 2066 6f6e 7473 2074 6f20 6669 7420 ny fonts to fit \n+000157c0: 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 on screen, do \"s\n+000157d0: 6574 0a70 6167 6572 3d31 2220 6265 666f et.pager=1\" befo\n+000157e0: 7265 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 re executing \"ls\n+000157f0: 666f 6e74 7322 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 fonts\"...7.2.3 P\n+00015800: 726f 6772 6573 7320 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d rogress Bar.----\n+00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00015820: 4669 6775 7265 2037 2e31 0a46 6967 7572 Figure 7.1.Figur\n+00015830: 6520 372e 320a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 e 7.2.Progress b\n+00015840: 6172 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 ars are used to \n+00015850: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 display the rema\n+00015860: 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 ining time befor\n+00015870: 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 e GRUB boots.the\n+00015880: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e default menu en\n+00015890: 7472 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 try. To create \n+000158a0: 6120 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 a progress bar t\n+000158b0: 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 hat will display\n+000158c0: 2074 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 the.remaining t\n+000158d0: 696d 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d ime before autom\n+000158e0: 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c atic boot, simpl\n+000158f0: 7920 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 y create a \"prog\n+00015900: 7265 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e ress_bar\".compon\n+00015910: 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 ent with the id \n+00015920: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 \"__timeout__\". \n+00015930: 5468 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 This indicates t\n+00015940: 6f20 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a o GRUB that the.\n+00015950: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f progress bar sho\n+00015960: 756c 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 uld be updated a\n+00015970: 7320 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 s time passes, a\n+00015980: 6e64 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 nd it should be \n+00015990: 6d61 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 made.invisible i\n+000159a0: 6620 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 f the countdown \n+000159b0: 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f to automatic boo\n+000159c0: 7420 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 t is interrupted\n+000159d0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 by the user... \n+000159e0: 2020 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 Progress bars \n+000159f0: 6d61 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 may optionally h\n+00015a00: 6176 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 ave text display\n+00015a10: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 ed on them. Thi\n+00015a20: 7320 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f s text.is contro\n+00015a30: 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 lled by variable\n+00015a40: 2022 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f \"text\" which co\n+00015a50: 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 ntains a printf \n+00015a60: 7465 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 template with.th\n+00015a70: 6520 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 e only argument \n+00015a80: 2564 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 %d is the number\n+00015a90: 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 of seconds rema\n+00015aa0: 696e 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e ining. Addition\n+00015ab0: 616c 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c ally.special val\n+00015ac0: 7565 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f ues \"@TIMEOUT_NO\n+00015ad0: 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 TIFICATION_SHORT\n+00015ae0: 4022 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f @\",.\"@TIMEOUT_NO\n+00015af0: 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c TIFICATION_MIDDL\n+00015b00: 4540 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e E@\", \"@TIMEOUT_N\n+00015b10: 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 OTIFICATION_LONG\n+00015b20: 4022 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 @\" are.replaced \n+00015b30: 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e with standard an\n+00015b40: 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d d translated tem\n+00015b50: 706c 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 plates...7.2.4 C\n+00015b60: 6972 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 ircular Progress\n+00015b70: 2049 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d Indicator.-----\n 00015b80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6369 --------..The ci\n-00015ba0: 7263 756c 6172 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 rcular progress \n-00015bb0: 696e 6469 6361 746f 7220 6675 6e63 7469 indicator functi\n-00015bc0: 6f6e 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 726c 7920 746f ons similarly to\n-00015bd0: 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 the progress ba\n-00015be0: 722e 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 616e r..When given an\n-00015bf0: 2069 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 id of \"__timeou\n-00015c00: 745f 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7064 6174 t__\", GRUB updat\n-00015c10: 6573 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 es the circular \n-00015c20: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 progress.indicat\n-00015c30: 6f72 2773 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 696e or's value to in\n-00015c40: 6469 6361 7465 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 dicate the time \n-00015c50: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 466f 7220 remaining. For \n-00015c60: 7468 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 0a70 726f the circular.pro\n-00015c70: 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 722c gress indicator,\n-00015c80: 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2069 there are two i\n-00015c90: 6d61 6765 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 mages used to re\n-00015ca0: 6e64 6572 2069 743a 2074 6865 202a 6365 nder it: the *ce\n-00015cb0: 6e74 6572 2a0a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 nter*.image, and\n-00015cc0: 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 696d 6167 the *tick* imag\n-00015cd0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2069 e. The center i\n-00015ce0: 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7265 6e64 6572 6564 mage is rendered\n-00015cf0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a6f in the center.o\n-00015d00: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c f the component,\n-00015d10: 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 while the tick \n-00015d20: 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 746f image is used to\n-00015d30: 2072 656e 6465 7220 6561 6368 206d 6172 render each mar\n-00015d40: 6b20 616c 6f6e 670a 7468 6520 6369 7263 k along.the circ\n-00015d50: 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 umference of the\n-00015d60: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e0a 0a37 2e32 indicator...7.2\n-00015d70: 2e35 204c 6162 656c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .5 Labels.------\n-00015d80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5465 7874 206c 6162 ------..Text lab\n-00015d90: 656c 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6c61 6365 els can be place\n-00015da0: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7363 d on the boot sc\n-00015db0: 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 742c reen. The font,\n-00015dc0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2c20 616e 640a 686f 7269 color, and.hori\n-00015dd0: 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 zontal alignment\n-00015de0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 can be specifie\n-00015df0: 6420 666f 7220 6c61 6265 6c73 2e20 2049 d for labels. 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Thi\n-00015ec0: 7320 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 s is useful in c\n-00015ed0: 6173 6520 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6865 ase you want the\n-00015ee0: 0a74 6578 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 .text displayed \n-00015ef0: 736f 6d65 7768 6572 6520 656c 7365 2069 somewhere else i\n-00015f00: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 6469 7265 6374 nstead of direct\n-00015f10: 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 ly on the progre\n-00015f20: 7373 2062 6172 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e36 2042 ss bar...7.2.6 B\n-00015f30: 6f6f 7420 4d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oot Menu.-------\n-00015f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 626f --------..The bo\n-00015f50: 6f74 206d 656e 7520 7768 6572 6520 4752 ot menu where GR\n-00015f60: 5542 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 UB displays the \n-00015f70: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 726f menu entries fro\n-00015f80: 6d20 7468 6520 2267 7275 622e 6366 6722 m the \"grub.cfg\"\n-00015f90: 0a66 696c 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6120 .file. It is a \n-00015fa0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6974 656d 732c 2077 list of items, w\n-00015fb0: 6865 7265 2065 6163 6820 6974 656d 2068 here each item h\n-00015fc0: 6173 2061 2074 6974 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 as a title and a\n-00015fd0: 6e0a 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 636f 6e2e n.optional icon.\n-00015fe0: 2020 5468 6520 6963 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 The icon is se\n-00015ff0: 6c65 6374 6564 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 lected based on \n-00016000: 7468 6520 2a63 6c61 7373 6573 2a20 7370 the *classes* sp\n-00016010: 6563 6966 6965 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 ecified.for the \n-00016020: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 6620 menu entry. 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The edg\n-00016410: 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 682c e slices (north,\n-00016420: 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 7374 2c20 616e south, east, an\n-00016430: 6420 7765 7374 2920 6172 6520 7363 616c d west) are scal\n-00016440: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 ed in the. d\n-00016450: 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 irection of the \n-00016460: 6564 6765 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6164 edge they are ad\n-00016470: 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 466f 7220 jacent to. For \n-00016480: 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 7468 6520 7765 instance, the we\n-00016490: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6963 6520 6973 st. slice is\n-000164a0: 2073 6361 6c65 6420 7665 7274 6963 616c scaled vertical\n-000164b0: 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 6865 2063 6f72 ly.. 2. 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The\n+00016410: 2065 6467 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f edge slices (no\n+00016420: 7274 682c 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 7374 rth, south, east\n+00016430: 2c20 616e 6420 7765 7374 2920 6172 6520 , and west) are \n+00016440: 7363 616c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 scaled in the. \n+00016450: 2020 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 direction of \n+00016460: 7468 6520 6564 6765 2074 6865 7920 6172 the edge they ar\n+00016470: 6520 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 e adjacent to. \n+00016480: 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 7468 For instance, th\n+00016490: 6520 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6963 e west. slic\n+000164a0: 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 7665 7274 e is scaled vert\n+000164b0: 6963 616c 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 6865 ically.. 2. 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One\n-00016680: 2070 726f 6365 7373 2074 6861 7420 776f process that wo\n-00016690: 726b 7320 7765 6c6c 2066 6f72 2073 6c69 rks well for sli\n-000166a0: 6369 6e67 2061 0a64 7261 7769 6e67 2069 cing a.drawing i\n-000166b0: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 6365 7373 6172 nto the necessar\n-000166c0: 7920 696d 6167 6520 736c 6963 6573 2069 y image slices i\n-000166d0: 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2043 7265 6174 6520 s:.. 1. Create \n-000166e0: 6f72 206f 7065 6e20 7468 6520 6472 6177 or open the draw\n-000166f0: 696e 6720 796f 7527 6420 6c69 6b65 2075 ing you'd like u\n-00016700: 7365 2e0a 2020 322e 2043 7265 6174 6520 se.. 2. Create \n-00016710: 6120 6e65 7720 6c61 7965 7220 6f6e 2074 a new layer on t\n-00016720: 6865 2074 6f70 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 he top of the la\n-00016730: 7965 7220 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 4d61 6b65 yer stack. 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Cre\n+000166e0: 6174 6520 6f72 206f 7065 6e20 7468 6520 ate or open the \n+000166f0: 6472 6177 696e 6720 796f 7527 6420 6c69 drawing you'd li\n+00016700: 6b65 2075 7365 2e0a 2020 322e 2043 7265 ke use.. 2. Cre\n+00016710: 6174 6520 6120 6e65 7720 6c61 7965 7220 ate a new layer \n+00016720: 6f6e 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206f 6620 7468 on the top of th\n+00016730: 6520 6c61 7965 7220 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 e layer stack. \n+00016740: 4d61 6b65 2069 7420 7669 7369 626c 652e Make it visible.\n+00016750: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6869 . Select thi\n+00016760: 7320 6c61 7965 7220 6173 2074 6865 2063 s layer as the c\n+00016770: 7572 7265 6e74 206c 6179 6572 2e0a 2020 urrent layer.. \n+00016780: 332e 2044 7261 7720 3920 7265 6374 616e 3. 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Save th\n+00016b00: 6520 6472 6177 696e 672e 0a20 2036 2e20 e drawing.. 6. \n+00016b10: 5365 6c65 6374 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2073 Select all the s\n+00016b20: 6c69 6365 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 732e lice rectangles.\n+00016b30: 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 With the slice\n+00016b40: 206c 6179 6572 2073 656c 6563 7465 642c layer selected,\n+00016b50: 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7369 . you can si\n+00016b60: 6d70 6c79 2070 7265 7373 2043 7472 6c2b mply press Ctrl+\n+00016b70: 4120 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 616c 6c20 A to select all \n+00016b80: 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2e20 2054 6865 rectangles. The\n+00016b90: 2073 7461 7475 730a 2020 2020 2062 6172 status. bar\n+00016ba0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 696e 6469 6361 7465 should indicate\n+00016bb0: 2074 6861 7420 3920 7265 6374 616e 676c that 9 rectangl\n+00016bc0: 6573 2061 7265 2073 656c 6563 7465 642e es are selected.\n+00016bd0: 0a20 2037 2e20 436c 6963 6b20 7468 6520 . 7. 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L\n+00017200: 6566 7420 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 eft for backward\n+00017210: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6174 6962 compatib\n+00017230: 696c 6974 792e 0a6d 6573 7361 6765 2d62 ility..message-b\n+00017240: 672d 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 4375 g-color Cu\n+00017250: 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e 7573 6564 2e20 rrently unused. \n+00017260: 204c 6566 7420 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 Left for backwa\n+00017270: 7264 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rd. \n+00017280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6174 compat\n+00017290: 6962 696c 6974 792e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 ibility..desktop\n+000172a0: 2d69 6d61 6765 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 -image \n+000172b0: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 696d Specifies the im\n+000172c0: 6167 6520 746f 2075 7365 2061 7320 7468 age to use as th\n+000172d0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+000172e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b67 726f backgro\n+000172f0: 756e 642e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 und. It will be\n+00017300: 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2066 6974 2074 scaled to fit t\n+00017310: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+00017320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e screen\n+00017330: 2073 697a 6520 6f72 2070 726f 706f 7274 size or proport\n+00017340: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7363 616c 6564 0a20 ionally scaled. \n 00017350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017360: 2020 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 depending on t\n-00017370: 6865 2073 6361 6c65 206d 6574 686f 642e he scale method.\n-00017380: 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d73 .desktop-image-s\n-00017390: 6361 6c65 2d6d 6574 686f 6453 7065 6369 cale-methodSpeci\n-000173a0: 6669 6573 2074 6865 2073 6361 6c69 6e67 fies the scaling\n-000173b0: 206d 6574 686f 6420 666f 7220 7468 650a method for the.\n-000173c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000173d0: 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d *desktop-\n-000173e0: 696d 6167 652a 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 image*. Options\n-000173f0: 2061 7265 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2c0a are \"stretch\",.\n-00017400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017410: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6372 6f70 222c 2022 \"crop\", \"\n-00017420: 7061 6464 696e 6722 2c20 2266 6974 7769 padding\", \"fitwi\n-00017430: 6474 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth\",. \n-00017440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6669 \"fi\n-00017450: 7468 6569 6768 7422 2e20 2022 7374 7265 theight\". \"stre\n-00017460: 7463 6822 2066 6f72 2066 6974 7469 6e67 tch\" for fitting\n-00017470: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00017480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 scre\n-00017490: 656e 2073 697a 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 en size. Otherw\n-000174a0: 6973 6520 6974 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 ise it is. \n+00017360: 2020 2020 2020 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 depending \n+00017370: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6361 6c65 206d 6574 on the scale met\n+00017380: 686f 642e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 hod..desktop-ima\n+00017390: 6765 2d73 6361 6c65 2d6d 6574 686f 6453 ge-scale-methodS\n+000173a0: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2073 6361 pecifies the sca\n+000173b0: 6c69 6e67 206d 6574 686f 6420 666f 7220 ling method for \n+000173c0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+000173d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b *desk\n+000173e0: 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2e20 204f 7074 top-image*. Opt\n+000173f0: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 7374 7265 7463 ions are \"stretc\n+00017400: 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h\",. \n+00017410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6372 6f70 \"crop\n+00017420: 222c 2022 7061 6464 696e 6722 2c20 2266 \", \"padding\", \"f\n+00017430: 6974 7769 6474 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 itwidth\",. \n+00017440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017450: 2022 6669 7468 6569 6768 7422 2e20 2022 \"fitheight\". \"\n+00017460: 7374 7265 7463 6822 2066 6f72 2066 6974 stretch\" for fit\n+00017470: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ting the. \n+00017480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017490: 7363 7265 656e 2073 697a 652e 2020 4f74 screen size. Ot\n+000174a0: 6865 7277 6973 6520 6974 2069 730a 2020 herwise it is. \n 000174b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000174c0: 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c20 7363 proportional sc\n-000174d0: 616c 696e 6720 6f66 2061 2070 6172 7420 aling of a part \n-000174e0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 of. \n-000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 *deskt\n-00017500: 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 746f 2074 6865 op-image* to the\n-00017510: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 part of the. \n-00017520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017530: 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2022 6372 screen. \"cr\n-00017540: 6f70 2220 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a op\" part of the.\n-00017550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017560: 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d *desktop-\n-00017570: 696d 6167 652a 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 image* will be p\n-00017580: 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 roportionally. \n-00017590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000175a0: 2020 2020 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2066 scaled to f\n-000175b0: 6974 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 it the screen si\n-000175c0: 7a65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 zes.. \n-000175d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 6164 \"pad\n-000175e0: 6469 6e67 2220 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 ding\" the entire\n-000175f0: 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a *desktop-image*\n-00017600: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 will. \n-00017610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6520 be \n-00017620: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 contained on the\n-00017630: 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 2266 6974 7769 screen. \"fitwi\n-00017640: 6474 6822 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth\". \n-00017650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 7220 for \n-00017660: 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2a64 6573 fitting the *des\n-00017670: 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 7769 ktop-image*'s wi\n-00017680: 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth. \n-00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 with \n-000176a0: 7363 7265 656e 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2022 screen width. \"\n-000176b0: 6669 7468 6569 6768 7422 2066 6f72 0a20 fitheight\" for. \n-000176c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000176d0: 2020 2020 2020 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 fitting th\n-000176e0: 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 e *desktop-image\n-000176f0: 2a27 7320 6865 6967 6874 2077 6974 680a *'s height with.\n-00017700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017710: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 the scree\n-00017720: 6e20 6865 6967 6874 2e20 2044 6566 6175 n height. Defau\n-00017730: 6c74 2069 7320 2273 7472 6574 6368 222e lt is \"stretch\".\n-00017740: 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d68 .desktop-image-h\n-00017750: 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 -align Specifie\n-00017760: 7320 7468 6520 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c s the horizontal\n-00017770: 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 alignment of th\n-00017780: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00017790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f *deskto\n-000177a0: 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 660a 2020 2020 p-image* if. \n+000174c0: 2020 2020 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 proportiona\n+000174d0: 6c20 7363 616c 696e 6720 6f66 2061 2070 l scaling of a p\n+000174e0: 6172 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 art of. \n+000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 *d\n+00017500: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 746f esktop-image* to\n+00017510: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the part of the\n+00017520: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e 2e20 screen. \n+00017540: 2022 6372 6f70 2220 7061 7274 206f 6620 \"crop\" part of \n+00017550: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b *desk\n+00017570: 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2077 696c 6c20 top-image* will \n+00017580: 6265 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c be proportionall\n+00017590: 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y. \n+000175a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6361 6c65 6420 scaled \n+000175b0: 746f 2066 6974 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 to fit the scree\n+000175c0: 6e20 7369 7a65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 n sizes.. \n+000175d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000175e0: 2270 6164 6469 6e67 2220 7468 6520 656e \"padding\" the en\n+000175f0: 7469 7265 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d tire *desktop-im\n+00017600: 6167 652a 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 age* will. \n+00017610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017620: 2062 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 6f6e be contained on\n+00017630: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 2266 the screen. \"f\n+00017640: 6974 7769 6474 6822 0a20 2020 2020 2020 itwidth\". \n+00017650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017660: 666f 7220 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 for fitting the \n+00017670: 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 *desktop-image*'\n+00017680: 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s width. \n+00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 w\n+000176a0: 6974 6820 7363 7265 656e 2077 6964 7468 ith screen width\n+000176b0: 2e20 2022 6669 7468 6569 6768 7422 2066 . \"fitheight\" f\n+000176c0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n+000176d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 7474 696e fittin\n+000176e0: 6720 7468 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 g the *desktop-i\n+000176f0: 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 6865 6967 6874 2077 mage*'s height w\n+00017700: 6974 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ith. \n+00017710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 the s\n+00017720: 6372 6565 6e20 6865 6967 6874 2e20 2044 creen height. D\n+00017730: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2273 7472 6574 efault is \"stret\n+00017740: 6368 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 ch\"..desktop-ima\n+00017750: 6765 2d68 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 5370 6563 ge-h-align Spec\n+00017760: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 686f 7269 7a6f ifies the horizo\n+00017770: 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f ntal alignment o\n+00017780: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n+00017790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 *de\n+000177a0: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 660a sktop-image* if.\n 000177b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000177c0: 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 *desktop-imag\n-000177d0: 652d 7363 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 2a20 e-scale-method* \n-000177e0: 6973 6e27 7420 6571 7565 616c 0a20 2020 isn't equeal. \n-000177f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017800: 2020 2020 746f 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 to \"stretch\"\n-00017810: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 . Options are \"\n-00017820: 6c65 6674 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 left\",. \n-00017830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 \"c\n-00017840: 656e 7465 7222 2c20 2272 6967 6874 222e enter\", \"right\".\n-00017850: 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6365 Default is \"ce\n-00017860: 6e74 6572 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 nter\"..desktop-i\n-00017870: 6d61 6765 2d76 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 5370 mage-v-align Sp\n-00017880: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7665 7274 ecifies the vert\n-00017890: 6963 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f ical alignment o\n-000178a0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n-000178b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 *de\n-000178c0: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 660a sktop-image* if.\n-000178d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000178e0: 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d *desktop-\n-000178f0: 696d 6167 652d 7363 616c 652d 6d65 7468 image-scale-meth\n-00017900: 6f64 2a20 6973 6e27 7420 6571 7565 616c od* isn't equeal\n-00017910: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00017920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f 2022 7374 7265 to \"stre\n-00017930: 7463 6822 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 tch\". 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Defaul\n+00017980: 7420 6973 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222e 0a64 t is \"center\"..d\n+00017990: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 esktop-color \n+000179a0: 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 Specifies \n+000179b0: 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 7468 the color for th\n+000179c0: 6520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 660a e background if.\n 000179d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000179e0: 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 *desktop-imag\n-000179f0: 652a 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 e* is not specif\n-00017a00: 6965 642e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f ied..terminal-bo\n-00017a10: 7820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 x Spec\n-00017a20: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e ifies the file n\n-00017a30: 616d 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 ame pattern for \n-00017a40: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00017a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7479 6c65 style\n-00017a60: 6420 626f 7820 736c 6963 6573 2075 7365 d box slices use\n-00017a70: 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e d for the comman\n-00017a80: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n-00017a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 6520 7465 line te\n-00017aa0: 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e 2020 rminal window. \n-00017ab0: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a20 2020 For example,. \n-00017ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017ad0: 2020 2020 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f \"terminal-bo\n-00017ae0: 783a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 2a2e 706e x: terminal_*.pn\n-00017af0: 6722 2077 696c 6c20 7573 650a 2020 2020 g\" will use. \n+000179e0: 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d *desktop-\n+000179f0: 696d 6167 652a 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 image* is not sp\n+00017a00: 6563 6966 6965 642e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 ecified..termina\n+00017a10: 6c2d 626f 7820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l-box \n+00017a20: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 Specifies the fi\n+00017a30: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 le name pattern \n+00017a40: 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 for the. \n+00017a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+00017a60: 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 736c 6963 6573 tyled box slices\n+00017a70: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 636f used for the co\n+00017a80: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mmand. \n+00017a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e lin\n+00017aa0: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f e terminal windo\n+00017ab0: 772e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c w. For example,\n+00017ac0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 \"termina\n+00017ae0: 6c2d 626f 783a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f l-box: terminal_\n+00017af0: 2a2e 706e 6722 2077 696c 6c20 7573 650a *.png\" will use.\n 00017b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017b10: 2020 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 7320 2274 the images \"t\n-00017b20: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 632e 706e 6722 2061 erminal_c.png\" a\n-00017b30: 7320 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a20 2020 s the center. \n-00017b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017b50: 2020 2020 6172 6561 2c20 2274 6572 6d69 area, \"termi\n-00017b60: 6e61 6c5f 6e2e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 nal_n.png\" as th\n-00017b70: 6520 6e6f 7274 6820 2874 6f70 290a 2020 e north (top). \n-00017b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017b90: 2020 2020 2065 6467 652c 2022 7465 726d edge, \"term\n-00017ba0: 696e 616c 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 2061 7320 inal_nw.png\" as \n-00017bb0: 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 740a 2020 the northwest. \n-00017bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017bd0: 2020 2020 2028 7570 7065 7220 6c65 6674 (upper left\n-00017be0: 2920 636f 726e 6572 2c20 616e 6420 736f ) corner, and so\n-00017bf0: 206f 6e2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 on. If the. \n-00017c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017c10: 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 616e image for an\n-00017c20: 7920 736c 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2066 y slice is not f\n-00017c30: 6f75 6e64 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 ound, it will. \n-00017c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017c50: 2020 2020 2073 696d 706c 7920 6265 206c simply be l\n-00017c60: 6566 7420 656d 7074 792e 0a74 6572 6d69 eft empty..termi\n-00017c70: 6e61 6c2d 626f 7264 6572 2020 2020 2020 nal-border \n-00017c80: 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 Specifies the \n-00017c90: 626f 7264 6572 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 border width of \n-00017ca0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 termi\n-00017cc0: 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d nal window..term\n-00017cd0: 696e 616c 2d6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 inal-left \n-00017ce0: 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 Specifies the\n-00017cf0: 206c 6566 7420 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 left coordinate\n-00017d00: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n-00017d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-00017d20: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a erminal window..\n-00017d30: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d74 6f70 2020 2020 terminal-top \n-00017d40: 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 Specifies\n-00017d50: 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2063 6f6f 7264 696e the top coordin\n-00017d60: 6174 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ate of the. \n+00017b10: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 the image\n+00017b20: 7320 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 632e 706e s \"terminal_c.pn\n+00017b30: 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 g\" as the center\n+00017b40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6172 6561 2c20 2274 area, \"t\n+00017b60: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6e2e 706e 6722 2061 erminal_n.png\" a\n+00017b70: 7320 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 6820 2874 6f70 s the north (top\n+00017b80: 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ). \n+00017b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6467 652c 2022 edge, \"\n+00017ba0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 terminal_nw.png\"\n+00017bb0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 as the northwes\n+00017bc0: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n+00017bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 7570 7065 7220 (upper \n+00017be0: 6c65 6674 2920 636f 726e 6572 2c20 616e left) corner, an\n+00017bf0: 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 d so on. If the\n+00017c00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 666f image fo\n+00017c20: 7220 616e 7920 736c 6963 6520 6973 206e r any slice is n\n+00017c30: 6f74 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6974 2077 696c ot found, it wil\n+00017c40: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n+00017c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 696d 706c 7920 simply \n+00017c60: 6265 206c 6566 7420 656d 7074 792e 0a74 be left empty..t\n+00017c70: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 7264 6572 2020 erminal-border \n+00017c80: 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 Specifies \n+00017c90: 7468 6520 626f 7264 6572 2077 6964 7468 the border width\n+00017ca0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+00017cc0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a erminal window..\n+00017cd0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d6c 6566 7420 2020 terminal-left \n+00017ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 Specifies\n+00017cf0: 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 636f 6f72 6469 the left coordi\n+00017d00: 6e61 7465 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 nate of the. \n+00017d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017d20: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 terminal wind\n+00017d30: 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d74 6f70 ow..terminal-top\n+00017d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 Speci\n+00017d50: 6669 6573 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2063 6f6f fies the top coo\n+00017d60: 7264 696e 6174 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 rdinate of the. \n 00017d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017d80: 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f terminal windo\n-00017d90: 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 7769 6474 w..terminal-widt\n-00017da0: 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 h Specif\n-00017db0: 6965 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 ies the width of\n-00017dc0: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 the terminal. \n-00017dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017de0: 2020 2020 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 window..ter\n-00017df0: 6d69 6e61 6c2d 6865 6967 6874 2020 2020 minal-height \n-00017e00: 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 Specifies th\n-00017e10: 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 7468 6520 e height of the \n-00017e20: 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 terminal. \n+00017d80: 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 terminal w\n+00017d90: 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d indow..terminal-\n+00017da0: 7769 6474 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 width Sp\n+00017db0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 ecifies the widt\n+00017dc0: 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 h of the termina\n+00017dd0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n+00017de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696e 646f 772e window.\n+00017df0: 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 6865 6967 6874 .terminal-height\n+00017e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 Specifie\n+00017e10: 7320 7468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 s the height of \n+00017e20: 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a20 2020 the terminal. \n 00017e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017e40: 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e34 2043 window...7.3.4 C\n-00017e50: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2043 6f6e 7374 7275 omponent Constru\n-00017e60: 6374 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ction.----------\n+00017e40: 2020 2020 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 0a37 2e33 window...7.3\n+00017e50: 2e34 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2043 6f6e .4 Component Con\n+00017e60: 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d struction.------\n 00017e70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00017e80: 2d2d 0a0a 4772 6561 7465 7220 6375 7374 --..Greater cust\n-00017e90: 6f6d 697a 6162 696c 6974 7920 636f 6d65 omizability come\n-00017ea0: 7320 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 s is provided by\n-00017eb0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732e 2020 4120 components. A \n-00017ec0: 7472 6565 206f 660a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e tree of.componen\n-00017ed0: 7473 2066 6f72 6d73 2074 6865 2075 7365 ts forms the use\n-00017ee0: 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e 2020 2a43 r interface. *C\n-00017ef0: 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 732a 2061 7265 2063 ontainers* are c\n-00017f00: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7468 6174 0a63 omponents that.c\n-00017f10: 616e 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 an contain other\n-00017f20: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 components, and\n-00017f30: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 there is always\n-00017f40: 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 726f 6f74 0a63 a single root.c\n-00017f50: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6869 6368 2069 omponent which i\n-00017f60: 7320 616e 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 6520 6f66 s an instance of\n-00017f70: 2061 202a 6361 6e76 6173 2a20 636f 6e74 a *canvas* cont\n-00017f80: 6169 6e65 722e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 706f ainer... 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If \"id\" is\n+000182e0: 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 set to. \n+000182f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 225f 5f74 \"__t\n+00018300: 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e 6420 6e6f imeout__\" and no\n+00018310: 2022 7465 7874 2220 7072 6f70 6572 7479 \"text\" property\n+00018320: 2069 7320 7365 7420 7468 656e 0a20 2020 is set then. \n+00018330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018340: 2074 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 the amount of s\n+00018350: 6563 6f6e 6473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 econds will be s\n+00018360: 686f 776e 2e20 2049 6620 7365 7420 746f hown. If set to\n+00018370: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018380: 2020 2020 2022 404b 4559 4d41 505f 5348 \"@KEYMAP_SH\n+00018390: 4f52 5440 222c 2022 404b 4559 4d41 505f ORT@\", \"@KEYMAP_\n+000183a0: 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f 720a 2020 2020 MIDDLE@\" or. \n+000183b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000183c0: 2240 4b45 594d 4150 5f4c 4f4e 4740 2220 \"@KEYMAP_LONG@\" \n+000183d0: 7468 656e 2070 7265 6465 6669 6e65 6420 then predefined \n+000183e0: 686f 746b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 hotkey. \n+000183f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 infor\n+00018400: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 mation will be s\n+00018410: 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 6f6e 7420 hown.. font \n+00018420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f The fo\n+00018430: 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7465 nt to use for te\n+00018440: 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 2e0a 2020 2020 xt display.. \n+00018450: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 color \n+00018460: 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 The color of the\n+00018470: 2074 6578 742e 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6967 text.. alig\n+00018480: 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2068 n The h\n+00018490: 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 616c 6967 6e6d orizontal alignm\n+000184a0: 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 ent of the text \n+000184b0: 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 within the. \n+000184c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+000184d0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e20 204f 7074 696f omponent. Optio\n+000184e0: 6e73 2061 7265 2022 6c65 6674 222c 2022 ns are \"left\", \"\n+000184f0: 6365 6e74 6572 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 center\" and. \n+00018500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018510: 2272 6967 6874 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 \"right\".. vi\n+00018520: 7369 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 sible Set\n+00018530: 2074 6f20 2266 616c 7365 2220 746f 2068 to \"false\" to h\n+00018540: 6964 6520 7468 6520 6c61 6265 6c2e 0a0a ide the label...\n+00018550: 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 6d61 6765 2041 2063 ... image A c\n+00018560: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6469 omponent that di\n+00018570: 7370 6c61 7973 2061 6e20 696d 6167 652e splays an image.\n+00018580: 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6973 2073 The image is s\n+00018590: 6361 6c65 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6669 caled to. fi\n+000185a0: 7420 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e t the component.\n+000185b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 .. Propertie\n+000185c0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 s:.. file \n+000185d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6675 6c6c The full\n+000185e0: 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 2069 6d61 path to the ima\n+000185f0: 6765 2066 696c 6520 746f 206c 6f61 642e ge file to load.\n+00018600: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2070 726f 6772 6573 .. ... progres\n+00018610: 735f 6261 7220 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 s_bar Displays a\n+00018620: 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c6c 7920 6f72 horizontally or\n+00018630: 6965 6e74 6564 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 iented progress \n+00018640: 6261 722e 2020 4974 2063 616e 0a20 2020 bar. It can. \n+00018650: 2020 6265 2072 656e 6465 7265 6420 7573 be rendered us\n+00018660: 696e 6720 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 6f6c 6964 ing simple solid\n+00018670: 2066 696c 6c65 6420 7265 6374 616e 676c filled rectangl\n+00018680: 6573 2c20 6f72 2075 7369 6e67 2061 2070 es, or using a p\n+00018690: 6169 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7069 786d air. of pixm\n+000186a0: 6170 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 732e ap styled boxes.\n+000186b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 .. Propertie\n+000186c0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 2020 2020 s:.. id \n+000186d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 Set to \"\n+000186e0: 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 __timeout__\" to \n+000186f0: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 display the time\n+00018700: 2065 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 elapsed. \n+00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 to \n+00018720: 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 2062 an automatical b\n+00018730: 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 oot of the defau\n+00018740: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 lt entry.. f\n+00018750: 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 5468 g_color Th\n+00018760: 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c e foreground col\n+00018770: 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c or for plain sol\n+00018780: 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 id color. \n+00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e ren\n+000187a0: 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 675f dering.. bg_\n+000187b0: 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 color The \n+000187c0: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 background color\n+000187d0: 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 for plain solid\n+000187e0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 color. \n+000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 rende\n+00018800: 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f72 6465 ring.. borde\n+00018810: 725f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 5468 6520 626f r_color The bo\n+00018820: 7264 6572 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 rder color for p\n+00018830: 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 lain solid color\n+00018840: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018850: 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a rendering..\n+00018860: 2020 2020 2074 6578 745f 636f 6c6f 7220 text_color \n+00018870: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6c The text col\n+00018880: 6f72 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6172 5f73 7479 or.. bar_sty\n+00018890: 6c65 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7374 796c le The styl\n+000188a0: 6564 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 ed box specifica\n+000188b0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2066 7261 tion for the fra\n+000188c0: 6d65 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 me of. \n+000188d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7072 the pr\n+000188e0: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 ogress bar. Exa\n+000188f0: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mple:. \n+00018900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 726f 6772 \"progr\n+00018910: 6573 735f 6672 616d 655f 2a2e 706e 6722 ess_frame_*.png\"\n+00018920: 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 If the value is\n+00018930: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 equal to. \n+00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2268 \"h\n+00018950: 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 ighlight_style\" \n+00018960: 7468 656e 206e 6f20 7374 796c 6564 2062 then no styled b\n+00018970: 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 oxes will be. \n+00018980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018990: 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 shown.. hig\n+000189a0: 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 5468 6520 hlight_styleThe \n+000189b0: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 styled box speci\n+000189c0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 fication for the\n+000189d0: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 0a20 2020 highlighted. \n+000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000189f0: 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 region of the p\n+00018a00: 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 5468 rogress bar. Th\n+00018a10: 6973 2062 6f78 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 is box will be. \n+00018a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018a30: 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2070 6169 6e74 used to paint\n+00018a40: 206a 7573 7420 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 just the highli\n+00018a50: 6768 7465 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 ghted region of \n+00018a60: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00018a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 722c 2061 6e64 bar, and\n+00018a80: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e63 7265 6173 will be increas\n+00018a90: 6564 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2061 7320 7468 ed in size as th\n+00018aa0: 6520 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e bar. \n+00018ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 6172 7320 nears \n+00018ac0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2045 7861 completion. Exa\n+00018ad0: 6d70 6c65 3a20 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f mple: \"progress_\n+00018ae0: 686c 5f2a 2e70 6e67 222e 0a20 2020 2020 hl_*.png\".. \n+00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 I\n+00018b00: 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 f the value is e\n+00018b10: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 2262 6172 5f73 7479 qual to \"bar_sty\n+00018b20: 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 le\" then no. \n+00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018b40: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c styled boxes wil\n+00018b50: 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 l be shown.. \n+00018b60: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f6f 7665 726c highlight_overl\n+00018b70: 6179 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e ayIf this option\n+00018b80: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 is set to \"true\n+00018b90: 2220 7468 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 \" then the. \n+00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 h\n+00018bb0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 2062 6f78 2073 6964 ighlight box sid\n+00018bc0: 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 e slices (every \n+00018bd0: 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 0a20 2020 slice except. \n+00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018bf0: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n+00018c00: 6529 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 e) will overlay \n+00018c10: 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 626f 780a 2020 the frame box. \n+00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018c30: 2020 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 side slices. \n+00018c40: 416e 6420 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 And the center s\n+00018c50: 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 lice of the. \n+00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018c70: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 626f 7820 6361 highlight box ca\n+00018c80: 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2077 n move all the w\n+00018c90: 6179 2028 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 6f0a ay (from top to.\n 00018ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018cb0: 626f 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 2064 bottom), being d\n-00018cc0: 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 rawn on the cent\n-00018cd0: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a er slice of the.\n-00018ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018cf0: 2020 2020 6672 616d 6520 626f 782e 2020 frame box. \n-00018d00: 5468 6174 2077 6179 2077 6520 6361 6e20 That way we can \n-00018d10: 6d61 6b65 2061 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 make a progress \n-00018d20: 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bar. \n-00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2072 6f75 with rou\n-00018d40: 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 6420 6564 6765 7320 nd-shaped edges \n-00018d50: 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 so there won't b\n-00018d60: 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e a free. \n-00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 spa\n-00018d80: 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6869 6768 ce from the high\n-00018d90: 6c69 6768 7420 746f 2074 6865 2066 7261 light to the fra\n-00018da0: 6d65 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e 640a 2020 me in top and. \n-00018db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018dc0: 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 bottom scrollb\n-00018dd0: 6172 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2044 ar positions. D\n-00018de0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 efault is \"false\n-00018df0: 222e 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6e74 2020 2020 \".. font \n-00018e00: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 The font \n-00018e10: 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2070 726f 6772 to use for progr\n-00018e20: 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7465 ess bar.. te\n-00018e30: 7874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 xt The\n-00018e40: 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 text to display\n-00018e50: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 on the progress\n-00018e60: 2062 6172 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 bar. If the. \n-00018e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018e80: 2020 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2773 progress bar's\n-00018e90: 2049 4420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 225f ID is set to \"_\n-00018ea0: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e 640a _timeout__\" and.\n-00018eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ec0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 the value of\n-00018ed0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2069 this property i\n-00018ee0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 s set to. \n-00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 \"@T\n-00018f00: 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 IMEOUT_NOTIFICAT\n-00018f10: 494f 4e5f 5348 4f52 5440 222c 0a20 2020 ION_SHORT@\",. \n-00018f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018f30: 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIF\n-00018f40: 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 ICATION_MIDDLE@\"\n-00018f50: 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n-00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 \"@TIMEOU\n-00018f70: 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4c T_NOTIFICATION_L\n-00018f80: 4f4e 4740 222c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 ONG@\", then GRUB\n-00018f90: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 will. \n-00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7570 6461 7465 update\n-00018fb0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2077 this property w\n-00018fc0: 6974 6820 616e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 ith an informati\n-00018fd0: 7665 206d 6573 7361 6765 0a20 2020 2020 ve message. \n-00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 a\n-00018ff0: 7320 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6170 s the timeout ap\n-00019000: 7072 6f61 6368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 proaches... ..\n-00019010: a220 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 . circular_progr\n-00019020: 6573 7320 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2063 ess Displays a c\n-00019030: 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 ircular progress\n-00019040: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e20 2054 6865 indicator. The\n-00019050: 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 . appearance\n-00019060: 206f 6620 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 of this compone\n-00019070: 6e74 2069 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 nt is determined\n-00019080: 2062 7920 7477 6f20 696d 6167 6573 3a20 by two images: \n-00019090: 7468 650a 2020 2020 202a 6365 6e74 6572 the. *center\n-000190a0: 2a20 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 * image and the \n-000190b0: 2a74 6963 6b2a 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 *tick* image. T\n-000190c0: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 696d 6167 6520 he center image \n-000190d0: 6973 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 is generally. \n-000190e0: 2020 6c61 7267 6572 2061 6e64 2077 696c larger and wil\n-000190f0: 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 l be drawn in th\n-00019100: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 e center of the \n-00019110: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 4172 6f75 component. Arou\n-00019120: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6369 7263 nd. the circ\n-00019130: 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 2063 umference of a c\n-00019140: 6972 636c 6520 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 ircle within the\n-00019150: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2c20 7468 6520 component, the \n-00019160: 7469 636b 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 tick image. \n-00019170: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6120 will be drawn a \n-00019180: 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f certain number o\n-00019190: 6620 7469 6d65 732c 2064 6570 656e 6469 f times, dependi\n-000191a0: 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 ng on the. p\n-000191b0: 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 6f66 2074 6865 roperties of the\n-000191c0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 component... \n-000191d0: 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 Properties:.. \n-000191e0: 2020 2020 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n-000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 Set t\n-00019200: 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 o \"__timeout__\" \n-00019210: 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2074 to display the t\n-00019220: 696d 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ime. \n+00018cb0: 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 bottom), bei\n+00018cc0: 6e67 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ng drawn on the \n+00018cd0: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 center slice of \n+00018ce0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00018cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 616d 6520 626f frame bo\n+00018d00: 782e 2020 5468 6174 2077 6179 2077 6520 x. That way we \n+00018d10: 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 2061 2070 726f 6772 can make a progr\n+00018d20: 6573 7320 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ess bar. \n+00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 with\n+00018d40: 2072 6f75 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 6420 6564 round-shaped ed\n+00018d50: 6765 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e ges so there won\n+00018d60: 2774 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 't be a free. \n+00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018d80: 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 space from the \n+00018d90: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 746f 2074 6865 highlight to the\n+00018da0: 2066 7261 6d65 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e frame in top an\n+00018db0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+00018dc0: 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 bottom scr\n+00018dd0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 ollbar positions\n+00018de0: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 . Default is \"f\n+00018df0: 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6e74 alse\".. font\n+00018e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 The f\n+00018e10: 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2070 ont to use for p\n+00018e20: 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a20 2020 rogress bar.. \n+00018e30: 2020 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 text \n+00018e40: 2054 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 The text to dis\n+00018e50: 706c 6179 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 play on the prog\n+00018e60: 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ress bar. If th\n+00018e70: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00018e80: 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 progress b\n+00018e90: 6172 2773 2049 4420 6973 2073 6574 2074 ar's ID is set t\n+00018ea0: 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 o \"__timeout__\" \n+00018eb0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 and. \n+00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7661 6c75 the valu\n+00018ed0: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 e of this proper\n+00018ee0: 7479 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 ty is set to. \n+00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018f00: 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIF\n+00018f10: 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 5348 4f52 5440 222c ICATION_SHORT@\",\n+00018f20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018f30: 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e \"@TIMEOUT_N\n+00018f40: 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4d49 4444 OTIFICATION_MIDD\n+00018f50: 4c45 4022 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 LE@\" or. \n+00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 \"@TI\n+00018f70: 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 MEOUT_NOTIFICATI\n+00018f80: 4f4e 5f4c 4f4e 4740 222c 2074 6865 6e20 ON_LONG@\", then \n+00018f90: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 GRUB will. \n+00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7570 up\n+00018fb0: 6461 7465 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 date this proper\n+00018fc0: 7479 2077 6974 6820 616e 2069 6e66 6f72 ty with an infor\n+00018fd0: 6d61 7469 7665 206d 6573 7361 6765 0a20 mative message. \n+00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018ff0: 2020 2061 7320 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 as the timeou\n+00019000: 7420 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 2e0a 0a20 t approaches... \n+00019010: 2020 e280 a220 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 ... circular_p\n+00019020: 726f 6772 6573 7320 4469 7370 6c61 7973 rogress Displays\n+00019030: 2061 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 a circular prog\n+00019040: 7265 7373 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e20 ress indicator. \n+00019050: 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 The. appear\n+00019060: 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6973 2063 6f6d ance of this com\n+00019070: 706f 6e65 6e74 2069 7320 6465 7465 726d ponent is determ\n+00019080: 696e 6564 2062 7920 7477 6f20 696d 6167 ined by two imag\n+00019090: 6573 3a20 7468 650a 2020 2020 202a 6365 es: the. *ce\n+000190a0: 6e74 6572 2a20 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 nter* image and \n+000190b0: 7468 6520 2a74 6963 6b2a 2069 6d61 6765 the *tick* image\n+000190c0: 2e20 2054 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 696d . The center im\n+000190d0: 6167 6520 6973 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 age is generally\n+000190e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7267 6572 2061 6e64 . larger and\n+000190f0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 will be drawn i\n+00019100: 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 206f 6620 n the center of \n+00019110: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 the component. \n+00019120: 4172 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 Around. the \n+00019130: 6369 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 circumference of\n+00019140: 2061 2063 6972 636c 6520 7769 7468 696e a circle within\n+00019150: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2c20 the component, \n+00019160: 7468 6520 7469 636b 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 the tick image. \n+00019170: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 will be draw\n+00019180: 6e20 6120 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 n a certain numb\n+00019190: 6572 206f 6620 7469 6d65 732c 2064 6570 er of times, dep\n+000191a0: 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 ending on the. \n+000191b0: 2020 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 6f66 properties of\n+000191c0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a the component..\n+000191d0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 . Properties\n+000191e0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6964 2020 2020 2020 :.. id \n+000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n+00019200: 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 et to \"__timeout\n+00019210: 5f5f 2220 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 __\" to display t\n+00019220: 6865 2074 696d 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 he time. \n 00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019240: 656c 6170 7365 6420 746f 2061 6e20 6175 elapsed to an au\n-00019250: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 626f 6f74 206f tomatical boot o\n-00019260: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n+00019240: 2020 2020 656c 6170 7365 6420 746f 2061 elapsed to a\n+00019250: 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 626f n automatical bo\n+00019260: 6f74 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 ot of the. \n 00019270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019280: 2020 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e default entry.\n-00019290: 0a20 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 5f62 6974 . center_bit\n-000192a0: 6d61 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 map The\n-000192b0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 file name of th\n-000192c0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2064 7261 7720 e image to draw \n-000192d0: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n+00019280: 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e default en\n+00019290: 7472 792e 0a20 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 try.. center\n+000192a0: 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _bitmap \n+000192b0: 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206f The file name o\n+000192c0: 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2064 f the image to d\n+000192d0: 7261 7720 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 raw in the. \n 000192e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000192f0: 2020 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 center of the\n-00019300: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 2020 2020 component.. \n-00019310: 2074 6963 6b5f 6269 746d 6170 2020 2020 tick_bitmap \n-00019320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 The file\n-00019330: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6d61 name of the ima\n-00019340: 6765 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2066 6f72 0a20 ge to draw for. \n-00019350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 the t\n-00019370: 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 732e 0a20 2020 2020 ick marks.. \n-00019380: 6e75 6d5f 7469 636b 7320 2020 2020 2020 num_ticks \n-00019390: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 756d 6265 The numbe\n-000193a0: 7220 6f66 2074 6963 6b73 2074 6861 7420 r of ticks that \n-000193b0: 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 6120 6675 6c6c 0a20 make up a full. \n-000193c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6972 636c circl\n-000193e0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b 735f 6469 e.. ticks_di\n-000193f0: 7361 7070 6561 7220 2020 2020 2020 2042 sappear B\n-00019400: 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e64 oolean value ind\n-00019410: 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 7220 icating whether \n-00019420: 7469 636b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tick. \n+000192f0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 center of\n+00019300: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a the component..\n+00019310: 2020 2020 2074 6963 6b5f 6269 746d 6170 tick_bitmap\n+00019320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+00019330: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 file name of the\n+00019340: 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2066 image to draw f\n+00019350: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n+00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+00019370: 6865 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 732e 0a20 he tick marks.. \n+00019380: 2020 2020 6e75 6d5f 7469 636b 7320 2020 num_ticks \n+00019390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e The n\n+000193a0: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 6963 6b73 2074 umber of ticks t\n+000193b0: 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 6120 6675 hat make up a fu\n+000193c0: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll. \n+000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+000193e0: 6972 636c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b ircle.. tick\n+000193f0: 735f 6469 7361 7070 6561 7220 2020 2020 s_disappear \n+00019400: 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 Boolean value\n+00019410: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 indicating whet\n+00019420: 6865 7220 7469 636b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 her tick. \n 00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019440: 206d 6172 6b73 2073 686f 756c 6420 7072 marks should pr\n-00019450: 6f67 7265 7373 6976 656c 7920 6170 7065 ogressively appe\n-00019460: 6172 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ar, or. \n+00019440: 2020 2020 206d 6172 6b73 2073 686f 756c marks shoul\n+00019450: 6420 7072 6f67 7265 7373 6976 656c 7920 d progressively \n+00019460: 6170 7065 6172 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 appear, or. \n 00019470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019480: 2020 2070 726f 6772 6573 7369 7665 6c79 progressively\n-00019490: 2064 6973 6170 7065 6172 2061 7320 2a76 disappear as *v\n-000194a0: 616c 7565 2a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alue*. \n+00019480: 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 6573 7369 progressi\n+00019490: 7665 6c79 2064 6973 6170 7065 6172 2061 vely disappear a\n+000194a0: 7320 2a76 616c 7565 2a0a 2020 2020 2020 s *value*. \n 000194b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000194c0: 2020 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 202a 656e approaches *en\n-000194d0: 642a 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 2022 7472 d*. Specify \"tr\n-000194e0: 7565 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue\" or. \n+000194c0: 2020 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 approaches\n+000194d0: 202a 656e 642a 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 *end*. Specify\n+000194e0: 2022 7472 7565 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 \"true\" or. \n 000194f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019500: 2020 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e20 2044 6566 \"false\". Def\n-00019510: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e ault is \"false\".\n-00019520: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6172 745f 616e 676c . start_angl\n-00019530: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 e The\n-00019540: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 position of the\n-00019550: 2066 6972 7374 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b first tick mark\n-00019560: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n+00019500: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e20 \"false\". \n+00019510: 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c Default is \"fal\n+00019520: 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6172 745f se\".. start_\n+00019530: 616e 676c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 angle \n+00019540: 2054 6865 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 The position of\n+00019550: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 6963 6b20 the first tick \n+00019560: 6d61 726b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 mark to. \n 00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019580: 6170 7065 6172 206f 7220 6469 7361 7070 appear or disapp\n-00019590: 6561 722e 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2069 ear. Measured i\n-000195a0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n-000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 \"p\n-000195c0: 6172 726f 7473 222c 2031 2022 7061 7272 arrots\", 1 \"parr\n-000195d0: 6f74 2220 3d20 3120 2f20 3235 3620 6f66 ot\" = 1 / 256 of\n-000195e0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00019580: 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 206f 7220 6469 appear or di\n+00019590: 7361 7070 6561 722e 2020 4d65 6173 7572 sappear. Measur\n+000195a0: 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed in. \n+000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000195c0: 2020 2270 6172 726f 7473 222c 2031 2022 \"parrots\", 1 \"\n+000195d0: 7061 7272 6f74 2220 3d20 3120 2f20 3235 parrot\" = 1 / 25\n+000195e0: 3620 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6 of the. \n 000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019600: 2066 756c 6c20 6369 7263 6c65 2e20 2055 full circle. U\n-00019610: 7365 2076 616c 7565 7320 2278 7878 2064 se values \"xxx d\n-00019620: 6567 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 eg\" or. \n+00019600: 2020 2020 2066 756c 6c20 6369 7263 6c65 full circle\n+00019610: 2e20 2055 7365 2076 616c 7565 7320 2278 . Use values \"x\n+00019620: 7878 2064 6567 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 xx deg\" or. \n 00019630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019640: 2020 2022 7878 7820 5c78 6332 5c78 6230 \"xxx \\xc2\\xb0\n-00019650: 2220 746f 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 6e67 \" to set the ang\n-00019660: 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le in. \n+00019640: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7878 7820 5c78 6332 \"xxx \\xc2\n+00019650: 5c78 6230 2220 746f 2073 6574 2074 6865 \\xb0\" to set the\n+00019660: 2061 6e67 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 angle in. \n 00019670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019680: 2020 6465 6772 6565 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 degrees... .\n-00019690: 80a2 2062 6f6f 745f 6d65 6e75 2044 6973 .. boot_menu Dis\n-000196a0: 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 plays the GRUB b\n-000196b0: 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 7420 616c oot menu. It al\n-000196c0: 6c6f 7773 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 2069 lows selecting i\n-000196d0: 7465 6d73 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 tems. and ex\n-000196e0: 6563 7574 696e 6720 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 ecuting them... \n-000196f0: 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a Properties:.\n-00019700: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 . item_font \n-00019710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019720: 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 The font to \n-00019730: 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 use for the menu\n-00019740: 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 item. \n+00019680: 2020 2020 2020 6465 6772 6565 732e 0a0a degrees...\n+00019690: 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 745f 6d65 6e75 ... boot_menu\n+000196a0: 2044 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 4752 Displays the GR\n+000196b0: 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 UB boot menu. I\n+000196c0: 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 656c 6563 7469 t allows selecti\n+000196d0: 6e67 2069 7465 6d73 0a20 2020 2020 616e ng items. an\n+000196e0: 6420 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 7468 656d d executing them\n+000196f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 ... 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m_font\" for. \n 00019840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 the s\n-00019860: 656c 6563 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 elected menu ite\n-00019870: 6d20 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 m as well.. \n-00019880: 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 item_color \n-00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n-000198a0: 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 746f 2075 7365 2066 e color to use f\n-000198b0: 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d or the menu item\n-000198c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+00019860: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 he selected menu\n+00019870: 2069 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a20 item as well.. \n+00019880: 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 item_color \n+00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000198a0: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 746f 2075 The color to u\n+000198b0: 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 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636f s well.. ico\n-00019a00: 6e5f 7769 6474 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 n_width \n-00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2077 The w\n-00019a20: 6964 7468 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 idth of menu ite\n-00019a30: 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 m icons.. \n+000199d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 the \n+000199e0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 206d 656e 7520 6974 selected menu it\n+000199f0: 656d 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a 2020 2020 em as well.. \n+00019a00: 2069 636f 6e5f 7769 6474 6820 2020 2020 icon_width \n+00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n+00019a20: 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 he width of menu\n+00019a30: 2069 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 item icons.. \n 00019a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4963 6f6e Icon\n-00019a60: 7320 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 s are scaled to \n-00019a70: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 2020 the specified. \n-00019a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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icon_height \n+00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n+00019ad0: 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 e height of menu\n+00019ae0: 2069 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 item icons.. \n+00019af0: 2020 6974 656d 5f68 6569 6768 7420 2020 item_height \n+00019b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019b10: 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6561 The height of ea\n+00019b20: 6368 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 6e0a ch menu item in.\n 00019b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n-00019b50: 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d ixels.. item\n-00019b60: 5f70 6164 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 _padding \n-00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d The am\n-00019b80: 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 696e ount of space in\n-00019b90: 2070 6978 656c 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 pixels to. \n+00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019b50: 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 pixels.. 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6163 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ace \n-00019c30: 2020 5468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6265 7477 The space betw\n-00019c40: 6565 6e20 616e 2069 7465 6d27 7320 6963 een an item's ic\n-00019c50: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 on. \n+00019c00: 2020 2020 6974 656d 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 item content\n+00019c10: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f69 636f s.. item_ico\n+00019c20: 6e5f 7370 6163 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 n_space \n+00019c30: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7370 6163 6520 The space \n+00019c40: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2069 7465 6d27 between an item'\n+00019c50: 7320 6963 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 s icon. \n 00019c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c70: 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 7469 and the ti\n-00019c80: 746c 6520 7465 7874 2c20 696e 2070 6978 tle text, in pix\n-00019c90: 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f73 els.. item_s\n-00019ca0: 7061 6369 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pacing \n-00019cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 The 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2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 the s\n-00019ff0: 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 croll bar should\n-0001a000: 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6966 0a20 2020 be drawn if. \n-0001a010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+00019ff0: 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7368 he scroll bar sh\n+0001a000: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6966 ould be drawn if\n+0001a010: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a030: 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 the frame and th\n-0001a040: 756d 6220 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 umb styled boxes\n-0001a050: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a030: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 616e the frame an\n+0001a040: 6420 7468 756d 6220 7374 796c 6564 2062 d thumb styled b\n+0001a050: 6f78 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oxes. \n 0001a060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a070: 2020 2020 6172 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 are configur\n-0001a080: 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 ed.. scrollb\n-0001a090: 6172 5f66 7261 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 ar_frame \n-0001a0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 The image\n-0001a0b0: 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f file pattern fo\n-0001a0c0: 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r the. \n+0001a070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6172 6520 636f 6e66 are conf\n+0001a080: 6967 7572 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 igured.. scr\n+0001a090: 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f66 7261 6d65 2020 2020 ollbar_frame \n+0001a0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 The i\n+0001a0b0: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 mage file patter\n+0001a0c0: 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 n for the. \n 0001a0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6972 6520 entire \n-0001a0f0: 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 scroll bar. Exa\n-0001a100: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mple:. \n+0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e74 ent\n+0001a0f0: 6972 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2e20 ire scroll bar. \n+0001a100: 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 Example:. \n 0001a110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c \"scroll\n-0001a130: 6261 725f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 bar_*.png\". \n-0001a140: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 scrollbar_thumb \n-0001a150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n-0001a160: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 e image file pat\n-0001a170: 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 tern for the. \n-0001a180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 \"sc\n+0001a130: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 rollbar_*.png\". \n+0001a140: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 scrollbar_th\n+0001a150: 756d 6220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 umb \n+0001a160: 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 The image file\n+0001a170: 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 pattern for the\n+0001a180: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1a0: 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 6875 6d62 scroll bar thumb\n-0001a1b0: 2028 7468 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 (the part of th\n-0001a1c0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+0001a1a0: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 scroll bar t\n+0001a1b0: 6875 6d62 2028 7468 6520 7061 7274 206f humb (the part o\n+0001a1c0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n 0001a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 scroll bar \n-0001a1f0: 7468 6174 206d 6f76 6573 2061 7320 7363 that moves as sc\n-0001a200: 726f 6c6c 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rolling. \n+0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 scroll \n+0001a1f0: 6261 7220 7468 6174 206d 6f76 6573 2061 bar that moves a\n+0001a200: 7320 7363 726f 6c6c 696e 670a 2020 2020 s scrolling. \n 0001a210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6363 7572 occur\n-0001a230: 7329 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 s). Example:. \n-0001a240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f o\n+0001a230: 6363 7572 7329 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 ccurs). Example\n+0001a240: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. \n 0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a260: 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d \"scrollbar_thum\n-0001a270: 625f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 b_*.png\". sc\n-0001a280: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f 6f76 rollbar_thumb_ov\n-0001a290: 6572 6c61 7920 2020 2020 2020 4966 2074 erlay If t\n-0001a2a0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n-0001a2b0: 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 220a 2020 2020 t to \"true\". \n+0001a260: 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f \"scrollbar_\n+0001a270: 7468 756d 625f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 thumb_*.png\". \n+0001a280: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d scrollbar_thum\n+0001a290: 625f 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 2020 2020 2020 b_overlay \n+0001a2a0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n+0001a2b0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 220a s set to \"true\".\n 0001a2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-0001a2e0: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 hen the scrollba\n-0001a2f0: 7220 7468 756d 6220 7369 6465 0a20 2020 r thumb side. \n-0001a300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a2e0: 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7363 726f then the scro\n+0001a2f0: 6c6c 6261 7220 7468 756d 6220 7369 6465 llbar thumb side\n+0001a300: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a320: 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c slices (every sl\n-0001a330: 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 0a20 ice except the. \n-0001a340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a320: 2020 2020 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 slices (ever\n+0001a330: 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 2074 y slice except t\n+0001a340: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n 0001a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a360: 2020 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2920 center slice) \n-0001a370: 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 726c 6179 2074 6865 will overlay the\n-0001a380: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a360: 2020 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 center sli\n+0001a370: 6365 2920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 726c 6179 ce) will overlay\n+0001a380: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3a0: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 6672 scrollbar fr\n-0001a3b0: 616d 6520 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e ame side slices.\n-0001a3c0: 2020 416e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 And. \n+0001a3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 scrollba\n+0001a3b0: 7220 6672 616d 6520 7369 6465 2073 6c69 r frame side sli\n+0001a3c0: 6365 732e 2020 416e 640a 2020 2020 2020 ces. And. \n 0001a3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e the cen\n-0001a3f0: 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 ter slice of the\n-0001a400: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n+0001a3f0: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 center slice of\n+0001a400: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a420: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 scrollbar_th\n-0001a430: 756d 6220 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c umb can move all\n-0001a440: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+0001a420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 scrollba\n+0001a430: 725f 7468 756d 6220 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 r_thumb can move\n+0001a440: 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 all the. \n 0001a450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7761 7920 2866 726f way (fro\n-0001a470: 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 m top to bottom)\n-0001a480: 2c20 6265 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 , being. \n+0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7761 7920 way \n+0001a470: 2866 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 (from top to bot\n+0001a480: 746f 6d29 2c20 6265 696e 670a 2020 2020 tom), being. \n 0001a490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 776e drawn\n-0001a4b0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 on the center s\n-0001a4c0: 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 lice of the. \n+0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n+0001a4b0: 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 rawn on the cent\n+0001a4c0: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a er slice of the.\n 0001a4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-0001a4f0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2066 7261 6d65 2e20 crollbar frame. \n-0001a500: 2054 6861 7420 7761 7920 7765 2063 616e That way we can\n-0001a510: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a4f0: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2066 7261 scrollbar fra\n+0001a500: 6d65 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7761 7920 7765 me. That way we\n+0001a510: 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 can. \n 0001a520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a530: 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 6372 6f6c make a scrol\n-0001a540: 6c62 6172 2077 6974 6820 726f 756e 642d lbar with round-\n-0001a550: 7368 6170 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 shaped. \n+0001a530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 make a s\n+0001a540: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6974 6820 726f crollbar with ro\n+0001a550: 756e 642d 7368 6170 6564 0a20 2020 2020 und-shaped. \n 0001a560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6564 6765 7320 edges \n-0001a580: 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 so there won't b\n-0001a590: 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e a free. \n+0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6564 ed\n+0001a580: 6765 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e ges so there won\n+0001a590: 2774 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 't be a free. \n 0001a5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 spac\n-0001a5c0: 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6875 6d62 e from the thumb\n-0001a5d0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6672 616d 650a 2020 to the frame. \n-0001a5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a5c0: 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 space from the t\n+0001a5d0: 6875 6d62 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6672 616d humb to the fram\n+0001a5e0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 0001a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a600: 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e 6420 626f 7474 in top and bott\n-0001a610: 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 2020 om scrollbar. \n-0001a620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a600: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e 6420 in top and \n+0001a610: 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 bottom scrollbar\n+0001a620: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a640: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 6661 positions. Defa\n-0001a650: 756c 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a ult is \"false\"..\n-0001a660: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 scrollbar_s\n-0001a670: 6c69 6365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lice \n-0001a680: 2020 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6672 616d The menu fram\n-0001a690: 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2773 2073 e styled box's s\n-0001a6a0: 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lice. \n+0001a640: 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 positions. \n+0001a650: 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 Default is \"fals\n+0001a660: 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 e\".. scrollb\n+0001a670: 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 2020 2020 2020 2020 ar_slice \n+0001a680: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 The menu \n+0001a690: 6672 616d 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 frame styled box\n+0001a6a0: 2773 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 's slice. \n 0001a6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 2077 6869 6368 in which\n-0001a6d0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 the scrollbar w\n-0001a6e0: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill be. \n+0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 2077 in w\n+0001a6d0: 6869 6368 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 hich the scrollb\n+0001a6e0: 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 ar will be. \n 0001a6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e2e drawn.\n-0001a710: 2020 506f 7373 6962 6c65 2076 616c 7565 Possible value\n-0001a720: 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s are. \n+0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 dr\n+0001a710: 6177 6e2e 2020 506f 7373 6962 6c65 2076 awn. Possible v\n+0001a720: 616c 7565 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2020 alues are. \n 0001a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7765 7374 222c \"west\",\n-0001a750: 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 6561 7374 \"center\", \"east\n-0001a760: 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \". \n+0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7765 \"we\n+0001a750: 7374 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 st\", \"center\", \"\n+0001a760: 6561 7374 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 east\". \n 0001a770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a780: 2020 2020 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 2e20 (default). \n-0001a790: 2022 7765 7374 2220 2d20 7468 6520 7363 \"west\" - the sc\n-0001a7a0: 726f 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rollbar. \n+0001a780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6465 6661 756c (defaul\n+0001a790: 7429 2e20 2022 7765 7374 2220 2d20 7468 t). \"west\" - th\n+0001a7a0: 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 2020 e scrollbar. \n 0001a7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 will \n-0001a7d0: 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 be drawn in the \n-0001a7e0: 7765 7374 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 west slice. \n+0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 w\n+0001a7d0: 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 ill be drawn in \n+0001a7e0: 7468 6520 7765 7374 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 the west slice. \n 0001a7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2872 (r\n-0001a810: 6967 6874 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 2020 ight-aligned). \n-0001a820: 2265 6173 7422 202d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 \"east\" - the. \n-0001a830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a810: 2020 2872 6967 6874 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 (right-aligned\n+0001a820: 292e 2020 2265 6173 7422 202d 2074 6865 ). \"east\" - the\n+0001a830: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a850: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 scrollbar will b\n-0001a860: 6520 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 e drawn in the. \n-0001a870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a850: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 scrollbar wi\n+0001a860: 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 ll be drawn in t\n+0001a870: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n 0001a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a890: 2020 6561 7374 2073 6c69 6365 2028 6c65 east slice (le\n-0001a8a0: 6674 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 0a20 2020 ft-aligned).. \n-0001a8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a890: 2020 2020 2020 6561 7374 2073 6c69 6365 east slice\n+0001a8a0: 2028 6c65 6674 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e (left-aligned).\n+0001a8b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a8d0: 2263 656e 7465 7222 202d 2074 6865 2073 \"center\" - the s\n-0001a8e0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 crollbar will be\n-0001a8f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a8d0: 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 202d 2074 \"center\" - t\n+0001a8e0: 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c he scrollbar wil\n+0001a8f0: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l be. \n 0001a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a910: 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 drawn in the\n-0001a920: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 2020 center slice. \n-0001a930: 4e6f 7465 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Note:. \n+0001a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e20 696e drawn in\n+0001a920: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n+0001a930: 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 e. Note:. \n 0001a940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6361 7365 in case\n-0001a960: 206f 6620 2263 656e 7465 7222 2073 6c69 of \"center\" sli\n-0001a970: 6365 3a20 6129 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 ce: a) If. \n+0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 in \n+0001a960: 6361 7365 206f 6620 2263 656e 7465 7222 case of \"center\"\n+0001a970: 2073 6c69 6365 3a20 6129 2049 660a 2020 slice: a) If. \n 0001a980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n-0001a9a0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2073 686f 756c scrollbar shoul\n-0001a9b0: 6420 6265 2064 7261 776e 2074 6865 6e0a d be drawn then.\n-0001a9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a9a0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2073 the scrollbar s\n+0001a9b0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2064 7261 776e 2074 hould be drawn t\n+0001a9c0: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hen. \n 0001a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9e0: 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 boot menu ent\n-0001a9f0: 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 2069 730a 2020 ry's width is. \n-0001aa00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 boot menu\n+0001a9f0: 2065 6e74 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 2069 entry's width i\n+0001aa00: 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s. \n 0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa20: 2064 6563 7265 6173 6564 2062 7920 7468 decreased by th\n-0001aa30: 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7227 7320 7769 e scrollbar's wi\n-0001aa40: 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth. \n+0001aa20: 2020 2020 2064 6563 7265 6173 6564 2062 decreased b\n+0001aa30: 7920 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7227 y the scrollbar'\n+0001aa40: 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s width. \n 0001aa50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 and the s\n-0001aa70: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2069 7320 6472 6177 crollbar is draw\n-0001aa80: 6e20 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 n at the. \n+0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 and t\n+0001aa70: 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2069 7320 he scrollbar is \n+0001aa80: 6472 6177 6e20 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 drawn at the. \n 0001aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7269 6768 righ\n-0001aab0: 7420 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 6365 t side of the ce\n-0001aac0: 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 nter slice.. \n+0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aab0: 7269 6768 7420 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 right side of th\n+0001aac0: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2e0a e center slice..\n 0001aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n-0001aaf0: 2920 4966 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 ) If the scrollb\n-0001ab00: 6172 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6472 6177 ar won't be draw\n-0001ab10: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n+0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aaf0: 2020 2062 2920 4966 2074 6865 2073 6372 b) If the scr\n+0001ab00: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 ollbar won't be \n+0001ab10: 6472 6177 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 drawn. \n 0001ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab30: 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 626f then the bo\n-0001ab40: 6f74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 ot menu entry's \n-0001ab50: 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 width. \n+0001ab30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 then th\n+0001ab40: 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 e boot menu entr\n+0001ab50: 7927 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 y's width. \n 0001ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7320 7468 6520 is the \n-0001ab80: 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 656e width of the cen\n-0001ab90: 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 0a20 2020 2020 ter slice.. \n+0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7320 is \n+0001ab80: 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 the width of the\n+0001ab90: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 0a20 center slice.. \n 0001aba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6329 c)\n-0001abc0: 2057 6520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6365 7373 We don't necess\n-0001abd0: 6172 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ary need the. \n-0001abe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001abc0: 2020 6329 2057 6520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 c) We don't ne\n+0001abd0: 6365 7373 6172 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6865 cessary need the\n+0001abe0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac00: 6d65 6e75 2070 6978 6d61 7020 626f 7820 menu pixmap box \n-0001ac10: 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 to display the. \n-0001ac20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ac00: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2070 6978 6d61 7020 menu pixmap \n+0001ac10: 626f 7820 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 box to display t\n+0001ac20: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n 0001ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac40: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 722e 0a20 2020 scrollbar.. \n-0001ac50: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 6c65 6674 scrollbar_left\n-0001ac60: 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _pad \n-0001ac70: 5468 6520 6c65 6674 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 The left scrollb\n-0001ac80: 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 ar padding in. \n-0001ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ac40: 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 722e scrollbar.\n+0001ac50: 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f . scrollbar_\n+0001ac60: 6c65 6674 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 left_pad \n+0001ac70: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6674 2073 6372 The left scr\n+0001ac80: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 ollbar padding i\n+0001ac90: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n 0001aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001acb0: 2070 6978 656c 732e 2020 556e 7573 6564 pixels. Unused\n-0001acc0: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n+0001acb0: 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 2020 556e pixels. Un\n+0001acc0: 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 used if. \n 0001acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \"scrollba\n-0001acf0: 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 2277 6573 r_slice\" is \"wes\n-0001ad00: 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 t\".. scrollb\n-0001ad10: 6172 5f72 6967 6874 5f70 6164 2020 2020 ar_right_pad \n-0001ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6967 6874 The right\n-0001ad30: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 scrollbar paddi\n-0001ad40: 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng in. \n+0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f \"scro\n+0001acf0: 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 llbar_slice\" is \n+0001ad00: 2277 6573 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 \"west\".. scr\n+0001ad10: 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f72 6967 6874 5f70 6164 ollbar_right_pad\n+0001ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 The r\n+0001ad30: 6967 6874 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 ight scrollbar p\n+0001ad40: 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 adding in. \n 0001ad50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e pixels.\n-0001ad70: 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 Unused if. \n+0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 pix\n+0001ad70: 656c 732e 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a els. Unused if.\n 0001ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-0001ada0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 scrollbar_slice\"\n-0001adb0: 2069 7320 2265 6173 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 is \"east\".. \n-0001adc0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6f70 5f70 scrollbar_top_p\n-0001add0: 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 ad T\n-0001ade0: 6865 2074 6f70 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 he top scrollbar\n-0001adf0: 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 padding in. \n+0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ada0: 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c \"scrollbar_sl\n+0001adb0: 6963 6522 2069 7320 2265 6173 7422 2e0a ice\" is \"east\"..\n+0001adc0: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 scrollbar_t\n+0001add0: 6f70 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 op_pad \n+0001ade0: 2020 2054 6865 2074 6f70 2073 6372 6f6c The top scrol\n+0001adf0: 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a lbar padding in.\n 0001ae00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n-0001ae20: 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f ixels.. scro\n-0001ae30: 6c6c 6261 725f 626f 7474 6f6d 5f70 6164 llbar_bottom_pad\n-0001ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f The bo\n-0001ae50: 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 ttom scrollbar p\n-0001ae60: 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 adding in. \n+0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ae20: 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 pixels.. \n+0001ae30: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 626f 7474 6f6d scrollbar_bottom\n+0001ae40: 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 _pad Th\n+0001ae50: 6520 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 e bottom scrollb\n+0001ae60: 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 ar padding in. \n 0001ae70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 pix\n-0001ae90: 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c els.. visibl\n-0001aea0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n-0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 Set to \"\n-0001aec0: 6661 6c73 6522 2074 6f20 6869 6465 2074 false\" to hide t\n-0001aed0: 6865 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 he boot. \n+0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ae90: 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 pixels.. vi\n+0001aea0: 7369 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sible \n+0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n+0001aec0: 746f 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2074 6f20 6869 to \"false\" to hi\n+0001aed0: 6465 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 de the boot. \n 0001aee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 752e menu.\n-0001af00: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 616e 7661 7320 .. ... canvas \n-0001af10: 4361 6e76 6173 2069 7320 6120 636f 6e74 Canvas is a cont\n-0001af20: 6169 6e65 7220 7468 6174 2061 6c6c 6f77 ainer that allow\n-0001af30: 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2070 6c61 6365 6d65 s manual placeme\n-0001af40: 6e74 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f nt of. compo\n-0001af50: 6e65 6e74 7320 7769 7468 696e 2069 742e nents within it.\n-0001af60: 2020 4974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 616c It does not al\n-0001af70: 7465 7220 7468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e ter the position\n-0001af80: 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 0a20 s of its child. \n-0001af90: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 components. \n-0001afa0: 2049 7420 6173 7369 676e 7320 616c 6c20 It assigns all \n-0001afb0: 6368 696c 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 child components\n-0001afc0: 2074 6865 6972 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 their preferred\n-0001afd0: 2073 697a 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 sizes... ... \n-0001afe0: 6862 6f78 2054 6865 202a 6862 6f78 2a20 hbox The *hbox* \n-0001aff0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 6c61 7973 206f container lays o\n-0001b000: 7574 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 ut its children \n-0001b010: 6672 6f6d 206c 6566 7420 746f 2072 6967 from left to rig\n-0001b020: 6874 2c0a 2020 2020 2067 6976 696e 6720 ht,. giving \n-0001b030: 6561 6368 206f 6e65 2069 7473 2070 7265 each one its pre\n-0001b040: 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2054 ferred width. T\n-0001b050: 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 2065 6163 he height of eac\n-0001b060: 6820 6368 696c 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 h child is. \n-0001b070: 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 206d 6178 696d set to the maxim\n-0001b080: 756d 206f 6620 7468 6520 7072 6566 6572 um of the prefer\n-0001b090: 7265 6420 6865 6967 6874 7320 6f66 2061 red heights of a\n-0001b0a0: 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a 2020 ll children... \n-0001b0b0: 20e2 80a2 2076 626f 7820 5468 6520 2a76 ... vbox The *v\n-0001b0c0: 626f 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 206c box* container l\n-0001b0d0: 6179 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 696c ays out its chil\n-0001b0e0: 6472 656e 2066 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f dren from top to\n-0001b0f0: 2062 6f74 746f 6d2c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 bottom,. gi\n-0001b100: 7669 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 6974 ving each one it\n-0001b110: 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 6865 6967 s preferred heig\n-0001b120: 6874 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f ht. The width o\n-0001b130: 6620 6561 6368 2063 6869 6c64 2069 730a f each child is.\n-0001b140: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 set to the \n-0001b150: 6d61 7869 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 maximum of the p\n-0001b160: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 7320 referred widths \n-0001b170: 6f66 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e of all children.\n-0001b180: 0a0a 372e 332e 3620 436f 6d6d 6f6e 2070 ..7.3.6 Common p\n-0001b190: 726f 7065 7274 6965 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d roperties.------\n+0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d m\n+0001af00: 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 616e enu... ... can\n+0001af10: 7661 7320 4361 6e76 6173 2069 7320 6120 vas Canvas is a \n+0001af20: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 7468 6174 2061 container that a\n+0001af30: 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2070 6c61 llows manual pla\n+0001af40: 6365 6d65 6e74 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 cement of. c\n+0001af50: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7769 7468 696e omponents within\n+0001af60: 2069 742e 2020 4974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f it. It does no\n+0001af70: 7420 616c 7465 7220 7468 6520 706f 7369 t alter the posi\n+0001af80: 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6869 tions of its chi\n+0001af90: 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ld. componen\n+0001afa0: 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6173 7369 676e 7320 ts. It assigns \n+0001afb0: 616c 6c20 6368 696c 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e all child compon\n+0001afc0: 656e 7473 2074 6865 6972 2070 7265 6665 ents their prefe\n+0001afd0: 7272 6564 2073 697a 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 rred sizes... \n+0001afe0: e280 a220 6862 6f78 2054 6865 202a 6862 ... hbox The *hb\n+0001aff0: 6f78 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 6c61 ox* container la\n+0001b000: 7973 206f 7574 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 ys out its child\n+0001b010: 7265 6e20 6672 6f6d 206c 6566 7420 746f ren from left to\n+0001b020: 2072 6967 6874 2c0a 2020 2020 2067 6976 right,. giv\n+0001b030: 696e 6720 6561 6368 206f 6e65 2069 7473 ing each one its\n+0001b040: 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 preferred width\n+0001b050: 2e20 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 . The height of\n+0001b060: 2065 6163 6820 6368 696c 6420 6973 0a20 each child is. \n+0001b070: 2020 2020 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 206d set to the m\n+0001b080: 6178 696d 756d 206f 6620 7468 6520 7072 aximum of the pr\n+0001b090: 6566 6572 7265 6420 6865 6967 6874 7320 eferred heights \n+0001b0a0: 6f66 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e of all children.\n+0001b0b0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2076 626f 7820 5468 .. ... vbox Th\n+0001b0c0: 6520 2a76 626f 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e e *vbox* contain\n+0001b0d0: 6572 206c 6179 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 er lays out its \n+0001b0e0: 6368 696c 6472 656e 2066 726f 6d20 746f children from to\n+0001b0f0: 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d2c 0a20 2020 p to bottom,. \n+0001b100: 2020 6769 7669 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e giving each on\n+0001b110: 6520 6974 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 e its preferred \n+0001b120: 6865 6967 6874 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6964 height. 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The\n-0001b200: 2064 6973 7461 6e63 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 distance from t\n-0001b210: 6865 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f he left border o\n-0001b220: 6620 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 746f 206c f container to l\n-0001b230: 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 660a 2020 eft border of. \n-0001b240: 2020 2074 6865 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e the object in\n-0001b250: 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6872 6565 either of three\n-0001b260: 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2078 formats:. x\n-0001b270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5661 Va\n-0001b280: 6c75 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c 730a 2020 lue in pixels. \n-0001b290: 2020 2070 2520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p% \n-0001b2a0: 2020 5065 7263 656e 7461 6765 0a20 2020 Percentage. \n-0001b2b0: 2020 7025 2b78 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p%+x \n-0001b2c0: 206d 6978 7475 7265 206f 6620 626f 7468 mixture of both\n-0001b2d0: 0ae2 8098 746f 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ....top.... \n-0001b2e0: 5468 6520 6469 7374 616e 6365 2066 726f The distance fro\n-0001b2f0: 6d20 7468 6520 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 m the left borde\n-0001b300: 7220 6f66 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 r of container t\n-0001b310: 6f20 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 o left border of\n-0001b320: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6f62 6a65 6374 . the object\n-0001b330: 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e in same format.\n-0001b340: 0ae2 8098 7769 6474 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 ....width.... \n-0001b350: 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 206f The width of o\n-0001b360: 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 616d 6520 666f bject in same fo\n-0001b370: 726d 6174 2e0a e280 9868 6569 6768 74e2 rmat.....height.\n-0001b380: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 ... The heig\n-0001b390: 6874 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 ht of object in \n-0001b3a0: 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 same format.....\n-0001b3b0: 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 id.... The i\n-0001b3c0: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 666f 7220 7468 dentifier for th\n-0001b3d0: 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 5468 e component. Th\n-0001b3e0: 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 6172 is can be any ar\n-0001b3f0: 6269 7472 6172 790a 2020 2020 2073 7472 bitrary. str\n-0001b400: 696e 672e 2020 5468 6520 4944 2063 616e ing. The ID can\n-0001b410: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 7363 7269 be used by scri\n-0001b420: 7074 7320 746f 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 pts to refer to \n-0001b430: 7661 7269 6f75 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d various. com\n-0001b440: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 2047 ponents in the G\n-0001b450: 5549 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 UI component tre\n-0001b460: 652e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c 2074 e. Currently, t\n-0001b470: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 here is one. \n-0001b480: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2049 4420 7661 6c75 special ID valu\n-0001b490: 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7265 636f e that GRUB reco\n-0001b4a0: 676e 697a 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 225f gnizes:.. \"_\n-0001b4b0: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 2043 6f6d _timeout__\" Com\n-0001b4c0: 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 ponent with this\n-0001b4d0: 2049 4420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7570 6461 ID will be upda\n-0001b4e0: 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 ted by GRUB. \n+0001b1b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f -----..The follo\n+0001b1c0: 7769 6e67 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 wing properties \n+0001b1d0: 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6279 are supported by\n+0001b1e0: 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 733a all components:\n+0001b1f0: 0ae2 8098 6c65 6674 e280 990a 2020 2020 ....left.... \n+0001b200: 2054 6865 2064 6973 7461 6e63 6520 6672 The distance fr\n+0001b210: 6f6d 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 om the left bord\n+0001b220: 6572 206f 6620 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 er of container \n+0001b230: 746f 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f to left border o\n+0001b240: 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206f 626a 6563 f. the objec\n+0001b250: 7420 696e 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 t in either of t\n+0001b260: 6872 6565 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 3a0a 2020 hree formats:. \n+0001b270: 2020 2078 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x \n+0001b280: 2020 5661 6c75 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c Value in pixel\n+0001b290: 730a 2020 2020 2070 2520 2020 2020 2020 s. p% \n+0001b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 5065 7263 656e 7461 6765 Percentage\n+0001b2b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7025 2b78 2020 2020 2020 . p%+x \n+0001b2c0: 2020 2020 206d 6978 7475 7265 206f 6620 mixture of \n+0001b2d0: 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 746f 70e2 8099 0a20 both....top.... \n+0001b2e0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6469 7374 616e 6365 The distance\n+0001b2f0: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6c65 6674 2062 from the left b\n+0001b300: 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2063 6f6e 7461 696e order of contain\n+0001b310: 6572 2074 6f20 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 er to left borde\n+0001b320: 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6f62 r of. the ob\n+0001b330: 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 ject in same for\n+0001b340: 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 7769 6474 68e2 8099 mat.....width...\n+0001b350: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 . The width \n+0001b360: 6f66 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 616d of object in sam\n+0001b370: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a e280 9868 6569 e format.....hei\n+0001b380: 6768 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ght.... The \n+0001b390: 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 height of object\n+0001b3a0: 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e in same format.\n+0001b3b0: 0ae2 8098 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ....id.... T\n+0001b3c0: 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 666f he identifier fo\n+0001b3d0: 7220 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e r the component.\n+0001b3e0: 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e This can be an\n+0001b3f0: 7920 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a 2020 2020 y arbitrary. \n+0001b400: 2073 7472 696e 672e 2020 5468 6520 4944 string. The ID\n+0001b410: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 can be used by \n+0001b420: 7363 7269 7074 7320 746f 2072 6566 6572 scripts to refer\n+0001b430: 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6f75 730a 2020 2020 to various. \n+0001b440: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 696e 2074 components in t\n+0001b450: 6865 2047 5549 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 he GUI component\n+0001b460: 2074 7265 652e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c tree. Currentl\n+0001b470: 792c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6f6e 650a y, there is one.\n+0001b480: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 616c 2049 4420 special ID \n+0001b490: 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 value that GRUB \n+0001b4a0: 7265 636f 676e 697a 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 recognizes:.. \n+0001b4b0: 2020 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 \"__timeout__\" \n+0001b4c0: 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 Component with \n+0001b4d0: 7468 6973 2049 4420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 this ID will be \n+0001b4e0: 7570 6461 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a updated by GRUB.\n 0001b4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001b500: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2069 6e64 6963 6174 and will indicat\n-0001b510: 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 2074 e time elapsed t\n-0001b520: 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c o an automatical\n-0001b530: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0001b540: 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 boot of the\n-0001b550: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 default entry. \n-0001b560: 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e Affected compon\n-0001b570: 656e 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ents:. \n-0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 226c 6162 656c \"label\n-0001b590: 222c 2022 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f \", \"circular_pro\n-0001b5a0: 6772 6573 7322 2c20 2270 726f 6772 6573 gress\", \"progres\n-0001b5b0: 735f 6261 7222 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a s_bar\".....File:\n-0001b5c0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0001b5d0: 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 204e 6578 e: Network, Nex\n-0001b5e0: 743a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e t: Serial termin\n-0001b5f0: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2054 6865 6d65 al, Prev: Theme\n-0001b600: 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 2055 file format, U\n-0001b610: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3820 426f 6f74 696e p: Top..8 Bootin\n-0001b620: 6720 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 g GRUB from the \n-0001b630: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a network.********\n+0001b500: 2020 2020 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2069 6e64 and will ind\n+0001b510: 6963 6174 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 icate time elaps\n+0001b520: 6564 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 ed to an automat\n+0001b530: 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ical. \n+0001b540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 boot of\n+0001b550: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 the default ent\n+0001b560: 7279 2e20 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 636f ry. Affected co\n+0001b570: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 mponents:. \n+0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 226c \"l\n+0001b590: 6162 656c 222c 2022 6369 7263 756c 6172 abel\", \"circular\n+0001b5a0: 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7322 2c20 2270 726f _progress\", \"pro\n+0001b5b0: 6772 6573 735f 6261 7222 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 gress_bar\".....F\n+0001b5c0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0001b5d0: 204e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 Node: Network, \n+0001b5e0: 204e 6578 743a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 Next: Serial te\n+0001b5f0: 726d 696e 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2054 rminal, Prev: T\n+0001b600: 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 heme file format\n+0001b610: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3820 426f , Up: Top..8 Bo\n+0001b620: 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 oting GRUB from \n+0001b630: 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a the network.****\n 0001b640: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c *******..The fol\n-0001b660: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 lowing instructi\n-0001b670: 6f6e 7320 646f 6e27 7420 776f 726b 2066 ons don't work f\n-0001b680: 6f72 202a 2d65 6d75 2c20 6933 3836 2d71 or *-emu, i386-q\n-0001b690: 656d 752c 0a69 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f emu,.i386-corebo\n-0001b6a0: 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f ot, i386-multibo\n-0001b6b0: 6f74 2c20 6d69 7073 5f6c 6f6f 6e67 736f ot, mips_loongso\n-0001b6c0: 6e2c 206d 6970 732d 6172 6320 616e 640a n, mips-arc and.\n-0001b6d0: 6d69 7073 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 0a0a mips_qemu_mips..\n-0001b6e0: 2020 2054 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 To generate a\n-0001b6f0: 206e 6574 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2064 6972 netbootable dir\n-0001b700: 6563 746f 7279 2c20 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 ectory, run:.. \n-0001b710: 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 grub-mknetdir\n-0001b720: 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --net-directory\n-0001b730: 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 7470 202d 2d73 7562 =/srv/tftp --sub\n-0001b740: 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 202d dir=/boot/grub -\n-0001b750: 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f d /usr/lib/grub/\n-0001b760: 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e 0a0a 2020 2045 .. E\n-0001b770: 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2069 3338 362d 7063 .g. for i386-pc\n-0001b780: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e :.. grub-mkn\n-0001b790: 6574 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 7265 etdir --net-dire\n-0001b7a0: 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 7020 ctory=/srv/tftp \n-0001b7b0: 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 --subdir=/boot/g\n-0001b7c0: 7275 6220 2d64 202f 7573 722f 6c69 622f rub -d /usr/lib/\n-0001b7d0: 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 0a0a 2020 grub/i386-pc.. \n-0001b7e0: 2054 6865 6e20 666f 6c6c 6f77 2069 6e73 Then follow ins\n-0001b7f0: 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 7072 696e 7465 tructions printe\n-0001b800: 6420 6f75 7420 6279 2067 7275 622d 6d6b d out by grub-mk\n-0001b810: 6e65 7464 6972 206f 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 netdir on config\n-0001b820: 7572 696e 670a 796f 7572 2044 4843 5020 uring.your DHCP \n-0001b830: 7365 7276 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 server... The \n-0001b840: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2066 696c 6520 6973 grub.cfg file is\n-0001b850: 2070 6c61 6365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 placed in the s\n-0001b860: 616d 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 ame directory as\n-0001b870: 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f75 7470 7574 the path output\n-0001b880: 0a62 7920 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 .by grub-mknetdi\n-0001b890: 7220 6865 7265 6166 7465 7220 7265 6665 r hereafter refe\n-0001b8a0: 7272 6564 2074 6f20 6173 2046 5750 4154 rred to as FWPAT\n-0001b8b0: 482e 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 6561 H. GRUB will sea\n-0001b8c0: 7263 6820 666f 720a 6974 7320 636f 6e66 rch for.its conf\n-0001b8d0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 iguration files \n-0001b8e0: 696e 206f 7264 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 in order using t\n-0001b8f0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2072 756c he following rul\n-0001b900: 6573 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 0a61 7070 es where the.app\n-0001b910: 656e 6465 6420 7661 6c75 6520 636f 7272 ended value corr\n-0001b920: 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2061 2076 616c esponds to a val\n-0001b930: 7565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 ue on the client\n-0001b940: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 machine... \n-0001b950: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n-0001b960: 7275 622e 6366 672d e280 9828 5555 4944 rub.cfg-...(UUID\n-0001b970: 204f 4620 4d41 4348 494e 4529 e280 990a OF MACHINE)....\n-0001b980: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n-0001b990: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 .../grub.cfg-...\n-0001b9a0: 284d 4143 2041 4444 5245 5353 204f 4620 (MAC ADDRESS OF \n-0001b9b0: 4e49 4329 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 NIC).... ...\n-0001b9c0: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n-0001b9d0: 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 2849 5076 3420 4f52 .cfg-...(IPv4 OR\n-0001b9e0: 2049 5076 3620 4144 4452 4553 5329 e280 IPv6 ADDRESS)..\n-0001b9f0: 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 .. ...(FWPAT\n-0001ba00: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a H).../grub.cfg..\n-0001ba10: 2020 2054 6865 2055 5549 4420 6973 2074 The UUID is t\n-0001ba20: 6865 2043 6c69 656e 7420 4d61 6368 696e he Client Machin\n-0001ba30: 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 204f 7074 e Identifier Opt\n-0001ba40: 696f 6e20 4465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 2061 ion Definition a\n-0001ba50: 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2052 s.specified in R\n-0001ba60: 4643 2034 3537 382e 2020 5468 6520 636c FC 4578. The cl\n-0001ba70: 6965 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 ient will only a\n-0001ba80: 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f75 6b20 ttempt to loouk \n-0001ba90: 7570 2061 2055 5549 440a 636f 6e66 6967 up a UUID.config\n-0001baa0: 2066 696c 6520 6966 2069 7420 7761 7320 file if it was \n-0001bab0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 provided by the \n-0001bac0: 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 DHCP server... \n-0001bad0: 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c The client will\n-0001bae0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f only attempt to\n-0001baf0: 206c 6f6f 6b20 7570 2061 6e20 4950 7636 look up an IPv6\n-0001bb00: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 address config \n-0001bb10: 6f6e 6365 2c0a 686f 7765 7665 722c 2069 once,.however, i\n-0001bb20: 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6865 2049 t will try the I\n-0001bb30: 5076 3420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d Pv4 multiple tim\n-0001bb40: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f6e 6372 6574 es. The concret\n-0001bb50: 6520 6578 616d 706c 650a 6265 6c6f 7720 e example.below \n-0001bb60: 7368 6f77 7320 7768 6174 2077 6f75 6c64 shows what would\n-0001bb70: 2068 6170 7065 6e20 756e 6465 7220 7468 happen under th\n-0001bb80: 6520 4950 7634 2063 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 e IPv4 case... \n-0001bb90: 2020 2055 5549 443a 2037 3732 3661 3637 UUID: 7726a67\n-0001bba0: 382d 3766 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6134 6636 8-7fc0-4853-a4f6\n-0001bbb0: 2d63 3835 6163 3336 6131 3230 610a 2020 -c85ac36a120a. \n-0001bbc0: 2020 204d 4143 3a20 2035 323a 3534 3a30 MAC: 52:54:0\n-0001bbd0: 303a 6563 3a33 333a 3831 0a20 2020 2020 0:ec:33:81. \n-0001bbe0: 4950 5634 3a20 3130 2e30 2e30 2e31 3330 IPV4: 10.0.0.130\n-0001bbf0: 2028 3041 3030 3030 3832 290a 0a20 2020 (0A000082).. \n-0001bc00: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n-0001bc10: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3737 3236 6136 /grub.cfg-7726a6\n-0001bc20: 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 2d61 3466 78-7fc0-4853-a4f\n-0001bc30: 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 3061 0a20 6-c85ac36a120a. \n-0001bc40: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n-0001bc50: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3532 2d35 ../grub.cfg-52-5\n-0001bc60: 342d 3030 2d65 632d 3333 2d38 310a 2020 4-00-ec-33-81. \n-0001bc70: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n-0001bc80: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 ./grub.cfg-0A000\n-0001bc90: 3038 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 082. ...(FWP\n-0001bca0: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n-0001bcb0: 2d30 4130 3030 3038 0a20 2020 2020 e280 -0A00008. ..\n-0001bcc0: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n-0001bcd0: 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 0a20 2020 b.cfg-0A0000. \n-0001bce0: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n-0001bcf0: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 300a /grub.cfg-0A000.\n-0001bd00: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n-0001bd10: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 .../grub.cfg-0A0\n-0001bd20: 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 0. ...(FWPAT\n-0001bd30: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 H).../grub.cfg-0\n-0001bd40: 4130 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 A0. ...(FWPA\n-0001bd50: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n-0001bd60: 3041 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 0A. ...(FWPA\n-0001bd70: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n-0001bd80: 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 0. ...(FWPAT\n-0001bd90: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a H).../grub.cfg..\n-0001bda0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6665 6174 7572 6520 This feature \n-0001bdb0: 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 is enabled by de\n-0001bdc0: 6661 756c 7420 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e fault but it can\n-0001bdd0: 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 be disabled by \n-0001bde0: 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 e280 9866 setting.the ...f\n-0001bdf0: 6561 7475 7265 5f6e 6574 5f73 6561 7263 eature_net_searc\n-0001be00: 685f 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 986e h_cfg... to ...n\n-0001be10: e280 992e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 7468 6973 .... Since this\n-0001be20: 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2062 6566 6f72 6520 happens before \n-0001be30: 7468 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f the.configuratio\n-0001be40: 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7265 6164 2062 n file is read b\n-0001be50: 7920 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6973 206f 7074 y GRUB, this opt\n-0001be60: 696f 6e20 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6469 ion has to be di\n-0001be70: 7361 626c 6564 2069 6e20 616e 0a65 6d62 sabled in an.emb\n-0001be80: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n-0001be90: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ion file (*note \n-0001bea0: 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 Embedded configu\n-0001beb0: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2041 ration::)... A\n-0001bec0: 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7374 fter GRUB has st\n-0001bed0: 6172 7465 642c 2066 696c 6573 206f 6e20 arted, files on \n-0001bee0: 7468 6520 5446 5450 2073 6572 7665 7220 the TFTP server \n-0001bef0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 will be accessib\n-0001bf00: 6c65 0a76 6961 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2874 le.via the ...(t\n-0001bf10: 6674 7029 e280 9920 6465 7669 6365 2e0a ftp)... device..\n-0001bf20: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7365 7276 6572 2049 . The server I\n-0001bf30: 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6361 6e20 6265 P address can be\n-0001bf40: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2063 controlled by c\n-0001bf50: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9828 hanging the ...(\n-0001bf60: 7466 7470 29e2 8099 0a64 6576 6963 6520 tftp)....device \n-0001bf70: 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 e280 9828 7466 7470 name to ...(tftp\n-0001bf80: 2c53 4552 5645 522d 4950 29e2 8099 2e20 ,SERVER-IP).... \n-0001bf90: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 7320 Note that this \n-0001bfa0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 should be change\n-0001bfb0: 640a 626f 7468 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7072 d.both in the pr\n-0001bfc0: 6566 6978 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 616e 7920 efix and in any \n-0001bfd0: 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2074 6f20 7468 references to th\n-0001bfe0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 696e e device name in\n-0001bff0: 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 the.configurati\n-0001c000: 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 on file... GRU\n-0001c010: 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2073 6576 6572 B provides sever\n-0001c020: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-0001c030: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6869 6368 206d ariables which m\n-0001c040: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 696e ay be used to.in\n-0001c050: 7370 6563 7420 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6520 spect or change \n-0001c060: 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 the behaviour of\n-0001c070: 2074 6865 2050 5845 2064 6576 6963 652e the PXE device.\n-0001c080: 2020 496e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 In the followi\n-0001c090: 6e67 0a64 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 203c ng.description <\n-0001c0a0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 2069 7320 706c INTERFACE> is pl\n-0001c0b0: 6163 6568 6f6c 6465 7220 666f 7220 7468 aceholder for th\n-0001c0c0: 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 e name of networ\n-0001c0d0: 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2870 6c61 k interface.(pla\n-0001c0e0: 7466 6f72 6d20 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7429 tform dependent)\n-0001c0f0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 :.....net__ip.... \n-0001c110: 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 The network int\n-0001c120: 6572 6661 6365 2773 2049 5020 6164 6472 erface's IP addr\n-0001c130: 6573 732e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e ess. Read-only.\n-0001c140: 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 .....net__mac.... \n-0001c160: 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 The network int\n-0001c170: 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 erface's MAC add\n-0001c180: 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 ress. Read-only\n-0001c190: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__clientid..\n-0001c1b0: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e .. The clien\n-0001c1c0: 7420 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 t id provided by\n-0001c1d0: 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 DHCP. Read-only\n-0001c1e0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__clientuuid\n-0001c200: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 .... The cli\n-0001c210: 656e 7420 7575 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 ent uuid provide\n-0001c220: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d d by DHCP. Read-\n-0001c230: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__hostna\n-0001c250: 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 me.... The c\n-0001c260: 6c69 656e 7420 686f 7374 206e 616d 6520 lient host name \n-0001c270: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 provided by DHCP\n-0001c280: 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 . Read-only.....\n-0001c290: 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e .net_\n-0001c2a0: 5f64 6f6d 6169 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _domain.... \n-0001c2b0: 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2064 6f6d 6169 The client domai\n-0001c2c0: 6e20 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 n name provided \n-0001c2d0: 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e by DHCP. Read-on\n-0001c2e0: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__rootpath\n-0001c300: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6174 .... The pat\n-0001c310: 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7427 h to the client'\n-0001c320: 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6f76 s root disk prov\n-0001c330: 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 ided by DHCP. Re\n-0001c340: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 ad-only......net\n-0001c350: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 __ext\n-0001c360: 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 ensionspath.... \n-0001c370: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 The path to \n-0001c380: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2044 4843 5020 additional DHCP \n-0001c390: 7665 6e64 6f72 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e vendor extension\n-0001c3a0: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 s provided by DH\n-0001c3b0: 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e CP.. Read-on\n-0001c3c0: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__boot_fil\n-0001c3e0: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f e.... The bo\n-0001c3f0: 6f74 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2070 726f ot file name pro\n-0001c400: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 vided by DHCP. R\n-0001c410: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n-0001c420: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 t__dh\n-0001c430: 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 cp_server_name..\n-0001c440: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 616d 6520 .. The name \n-0001c450: 6f66 2074 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 of the DHCP serv\n-0001c460: 6572 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 er responsible f\n-0001c470: 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 or these boot pa\n-0001c480: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 rameters.. R\n-0001c490: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n-0001c4a0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 t__ne\n-0001c4b0: 7874 5f73 6572 7665 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 xt_server.... \n-0001c4c0: 2020 5468 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 The IP address\n-0001c4d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2028 7573 of the next (us\n-0001c4e0: 7561 6c6c 792c 2054 4654 5029 2073 6572 ually, TFTP) ser\n-0001c4f0: 7665 7220 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 ver provided by \n-0001c500: 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d DHCP.. Read-\n-0001c510: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 only......net_de\n-0001c520: 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 65e2 fault_interface.\n-0001c530: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 6974 6961 6c6c ... Initiall\n-0001c540: 7920 7365 7420 746f 206e 616d 6520 6f66 y set to name of\n-0001c550: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 network interfa\n-0001c560: 6365 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 ce that was used\n-0001c570: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 6772 to load. gr\n-0001c580: 7562 2e20 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c ub. Read-write,\n-0001c590: 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e although settin\n-0001c5a0: 6720 6974 2061 6666 6563 7473 206f 6e6c g it affects onl\n-0001c5b0: 7920 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e y interpretation\n-0001c5c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6e65 745f . of ...net_\n-0001c5d0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 9920 616e default_ip... an\n-0001c5e0: 6420 e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 d ...net_default\n-0001c5f0: 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f _mac........net_\n-0001c600: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 990a 2020 default_ip.... \n-0001c610: 2020 2054 6865 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 The IP addres\n-0001c620: 7320 6f66 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 s of default int\n-0001c630: 6572 6661 6365 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e erface. Read-on\n-0001c640: 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 ly. This is ali\n-0001c650: 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 as for. the \n-0001c660: e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 ...net_${net_def\n-0001c670: 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f ault_interface}_\n-0001c680: 6970 e280 992e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f64 ip.........net_d\n-0001c690: 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 2020 efault_mac.... \n-0001c6a0: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n-0001c6b0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 nterface's MAC a\n-0001c6c0: 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e ddress. Read-on\n-0001c6d0: 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 ly. This is ali\n-0001c6e0: 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 as for. the \n-0001c6f0: e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 ...net_${net_def\n-0001c700: 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f ault_interface}_\n-0001c710: 6d61 63e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f mac.........net_\n-0001c720: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 default_server..\n-0001c730: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 .. The defau\n-0001c740: 6c74 2073 6572 7665 7220 7573 6564 2062 lt server used b\n-0001c750: 7920 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 6573 y network drives\n-0001c760: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 (*note Device s\n-0001c770: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 yntax::).. R\n-0001c780: 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f ead-write, altho\n-0001c790: 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 ugh setting this\n-0001c7a0: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 is only useful \n-0001c7b0: 6265 666f 7265 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2061 before opening a\n-0001c7c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6465 . network de\n-0001c7d0: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 vice.....File: g\n-0001c7e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0001c7f0: 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c Serial terminal\n-0001c800: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2056 656e 646f 7220 , Next: Vendor \n-0001c810: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 power-on keys, \n-0001c820: 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 Prev: Network, \n-0001c830: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 2055 7369 6e67 Up: Top..9 Using\n-0001c840: 2047 5255 4220 7669 6120 6120 7365 7269 GRUB via a seri\n-0001c850: 616c 206c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a al line.********\n+0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 ***********..The\n+0001b660: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 6e73 7472 following instr\n+0001b670: 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 6e27 7420 776f uctions don't wo\n+0001b680: 726b 2066 6f72 202a 2d65 6d75 2c20 6933 rk for *-emu, i3\n+0001b690: 3836 2d71 656d 752c 0a69 3338 362d 636f 86-qemu,.i386-co\n+0001b6a0: 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c reboot, i386-mul\n+0001b6b0: 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 6d69 7073 5f6c 6f6f tiboot, mips_loo\n+0001b6c0: 6e67 736f 6e2c 206d 6970 732d 6172 6320 ngson, mips-arc \n+0001b6d0: 616e 640a 6d69 7073 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 and.mips_qemu_mi\n+0001b6e0: 7073 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 ps.. To genera\n+0001b6f0: 7465 2061 206e 6574 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 te a netbootable\n+0001b700: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 7275 6e3a directory, run:\n+0001b710: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 .. grub-mkne\n+0001b720: 7464 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 6563 tdir --net-direc\n+0001b730: 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 7470 202d tory=/srv/tftp -\n+0001b740: 2d73 7562 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 -subdir=/boot/gr\n+0001b750: 7562 202d 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 ub -d /usr/lib/g\n+0001b760: 7275 622f 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e 0a0a rub/..\n+0001b770: 2020 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2069 3338 E.g. for i38\n+0001b780: 362d 7063 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 6-pc:.. grub\n+0001b790: 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d -mknetdir --net-\n+0001b7a0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 directory=/srv/t\n+0001b7b0: 6674 7020 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 3d2f 626f ftp --subdir=/bo\n+0001b7c0: 6f74 2f67 7275 6220 2d64 202f 7573 722f ot/grub -d /usr/\n+0001b7d0: 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 lib/grub/i386-pc\n+0001b7e0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 666f 6c6c 6f77 .. Then follow\n+0001b7f0: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 7072 instructions pr\n+0001b800: 696e 7465 6420 6f75 7420 6279 2067 7275 inted out by gru\n+0001b810: 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 206f 6e20 636f b-mknetdir on co\n+0001b820: 6e66 6967 7572 696e 670a 796f 7572 2044 nfiguring.your D\n+0001b830: 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 HCP server... \n+0001b840: 5468 6520 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2066 696c The grub.cfg fil\n+0001b850: 6520 6973 2070 6c61 6365 6420 696e 2074 e is placed in t\n+0001b860: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 he same director\n+0001b870: 7920 6173 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f75 y as the path ou\n+0001b880: 7470 7574 0a62 7920 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e tput.by grub-mkn\n+0001b890: 6574 6469 7220 6865 7265 6166 7465 7220 etdir hereafter \n+0001b8a0: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2074 6f20 6173 2046 referred to as F\n+0001b8b0: 5750 4154 482e 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c WPATH. GRUB will\n+0001b8c0: 2073 6561 7263 6820 666f 720a 6974 7320 search for.its \n+0001b8d0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+0001b8e0: 6c65 7320 696e 206f 7264 6572 2075 7369 les in order usi\n+0001b8f0: 6e67 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ng the following\n+0001b900: 2072 756c 6573 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 rules where the\n+0001b910: 0a61 7070 656e 6465 6420 7661 6c75 6520 .appended value \n+0001b920: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2061 corresponds to a\n+0001b930: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636c value on the cl\n+0001b940: 6965 6e74 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e0a 0a20 ient machine... \n+0001b950: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n+0001b960: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d e280 9828 ../grub.cfg-...(\n+0001b970: 5555 4944 204f 4620 4d41 4348 494e 4529 UUID OF MACHINE)\n+0001b980: e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 .... ...(FWP\n+0001b990: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n+0001b9a0: 2de2 8098 284d 4143 2041 4444 5245 5353 -...(MAC ADDRESS\n+0001b9b0: 204f 4620 4e49 4329 e280 990a 2020 2020 OF NIC).... \n+0001b9c0: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n+0001b9d0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 2849 5076 grub.cfg-...(IPv\n+0001b9e0: 3420 4f52 2049 5076 3620 4144 4452 4553 4 OR IPv6 ADDRES\n+0001b9f0: 5329 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 S).... ...(F\n+0001ba00: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n+0001ba10: 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2055 5549 4420 fg.. The UUID \n+0001ba20: 6973 2074 6865 2043 6c69 656e 7420 4d61 is the Client Ma\n+0001ba30: 6368 696e 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 chine Identifier\n+0001ba40: 204f 7074 696f 6e20 4465 6669 6e69 7469 Option Definiti\n+0001ba50: 6f6e 2061 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 on as.specified \n+0001ba60: 696e 2052 4643 2034 3537 382e 2020 5468 in RFC 4578. Th\n+0001ba70: 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e e client will on\n+0001ba80: 6c79 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f ly attempt to lo\n+0001ba90: 6f75 6b20 7570 2061 2055 5549 440a 636f ouk up a UUID.co\n+0001baa0: 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 6966 2069 7420 nfig file if it \n+0001bab0: 7761 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 was provided by \n+0001bac0: 7468 6520 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 722e the DHCP server.\n+0001bad0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 .. The client \n+0001bae0: 7769 6c6c 206f 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 6d70 will only attemp\n+0001baf0: 7420 746f 206c 6f6f 6b20 7570 2061 6e20 t to look up an \n+0001bb00: 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 6f6e IPv6 address con\n+0001bb10: 6669 6720 6f6e 6365 2c0a 686f 7765 7665 fig once,.howeve\n+0001bb20: 722c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 r, it will try t\n+0001bb30: 6865 2049 5076 3420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 he IPv4 multiple\n+0001bb40: 2074 696d 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f6e times. The con\n+0001bb50: 6372 6574 6520 6578 616d 706c 650a 6265 crete example.be\n+0001bb60: 6c6f 7720 7368 6f77 7320 7768 6174 2077 low shows what w\n+0001bb70: 6f75 6c64 2068 6170 7065 6e20 756e 6465 ould happen unde\n+0001bb80: 7220 7468 6520 4950 7634 2063 6173 652e r the IPv4 case.\n+0001bb90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 5549 443a 2037 3732 .. UUID: 772\n+0001bba0: 3661 3637 382d 3766 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6a678-7fc0-4853-\n+0001bbb0: 6134 6636 2d63 3835 6163 3336 6131 3230 a4f6-c85ac36a120\n+0001bbc0: 610a 2020 2020 204d 4143 3a20 2035 323a a. MAC: 52:\n+0001bbd0: 3534 3a30 303a 6563 3a33 333a 3831 0a20 54:00:ec:33:81. \n+0001bbe0: 2020 2020 4950 5634 3a20 3130 2e30 2e30 IPV4: 10.0.0\n+0001bbf0: 2e31 3330 2028 3041 3030 3030 3832 290a .130 (0A000082).\n+0001bc00: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n+0001bc10: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3737 ).../grub.cfg-77\n+0001bc20: 3236 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 26a678-7fc0-4853\n+0001bc30: 2d61 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 -a4f6-c85ac36a12\n+0001bc40: 3061 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 0a. ...(FWPA\n+0001bc50: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n+0001bc60: 3532 2d35 342d 3030 2d65 632d 3333 2d38 52-54-00-ec-33-8\n+0001bc70: 310a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 1. ...(FWPAT\n+0001bc80: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 H).../grub.cfg-0\n+0001bc90: 4130 3030 3038 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 A000082. ...\n+0001bca0: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n+0001bcb0: 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 0a20 2020 .cfg-0A00008. \n+0001bcc0: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n+0001bcd0: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 /grub.cfg-0A0000\n+0001bce0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n+0001bcf0: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 ).../grub.cfg-0A\n+0001bd00: 3030 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 000. ...(FWP\n+0001bd10: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n+0001bd20: 2d30 4130 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 -0A00. ...(F\n+0001bd30: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n+0001bd40: 6667 2d30 4130 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 fg-0A0. ...(\n+0001bd50: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n+0001bd60: 6366 672d 3041 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 cfg-0A. ...(\n+0001bd70: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n+0001bd80: 6366 672d 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 cfg-0. ...(F\n+0001bd90: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n+0001bda0: 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6665 6174 fg.. This feat\n+0001bdb0: 7572 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 ure is enabled b\n+0001bdc0: 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6275 7420 6974 y default but it\n+0001bdd0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 can be disabled\n+0001bde0: 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 by setting.the \n+0001bdf0: e280 9866 6561 7475 7265 5f6e 6574 5f73 ...feature_net_s\n+0001be00: 6561 7263 685f 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 earch_cfg... to \n+0001be10: e280 986e e280 992e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 ...n.... Since \n+0001be20: 7468 6973 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2062 6566 this happens bef\n+0001be30: 6f72 6520 7468 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ore the.configur\n+0001be40: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7265 ation file is re\n+0001be50: 6164 2062 7920 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6973 ad by GRUB, this\n+0001be60: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6861 7320 746f 2062 option has to b\n+0001be70: 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2069 6e20 616e e disabled in an\n+0001be80: 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 .embedded config\n+0001be90: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e uration file (*n\n+0001bea0: 6f74 6520 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e ote Embedded con\n+0001beb0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a figuration::)...\n+0001bec0: 2020 2041 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 6861 After GRUB ha\n+0001bed0: 7320 7374 6172 7465 642c 2066 696c 6573 s started, files\n+0001bee0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 2073 6572 on the TFTP ser\n+0001bef0: 7665 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6163 6365 ver will be acce\n+0001bf00: 7373 6962 6c65 0a76 6961 2074 6865 20e2 ssible.via the .\n+0001bf10: 8098 2874 6674 7029 e280 9920 6465 7669 ..(tftp)... devi\n+0001bf20: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7365 7276 ce... The serv\n+0001bf30: 6572 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6361 er IP address ca\n+0001bf40: 6e20 6265 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 n be controlled \n+0001bf50: 6279 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6520 by changing the \n+0001bf60: e280 9828 7466 7470 29e2 8099 0a64 6576 ...(tftp)....dev\n+0001bf70: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 e280 9828 ice name to ...(\n+0001bf80: 7466 7470 2c53 4552 5645 522d 4950 29e2 tftp,SERVER-IP).\n+0001bf90: 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2074 ... Note that t\n+0001bfa0: 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6368 his should be ch\n+0001bfb0: 616e 6765 640a 626f 7468 2069 6e20 7468 anged.both in th\n+0001bfc0: 6520 7072 6566 6978 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 e prefix and in \n+0001bfd0: 616e 7920 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2074 any references t\n+0001bfe0: 6f20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d o the device nam\n+0001bff0: 6520 696e 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 e in the.configu\n+0001c000: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 ration file... \n+0001c010: 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2073 GRUB provides s\n+0001c020: 6576 6572 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 everal environme\n+0001c030: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6869 nt variables whi\n+0001c040: 6368 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 ch may be used t\n+0001c050: 6f0a 696e 7370 6563 7420 6f72 2063 6861 o.inspect or cha\n+0001c060: 6e67 6520 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f75 nge the behaviou\n+0001c070: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2050 5845 2064 6576 r of the PXE dev\n+0001c080: 6963 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c ice. In the fol\n+0001c090: 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a64 6573 6372 6970 7469 lowing.descripti\n+0001c0a0: 6f6e 203c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 2069 on i\n+0001c0b0: 7320 706c 6163 6568 6f6c 6465 7220 666f s placeholder fo\n+0001c0c0: 7220 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 r the name of ne\n+0001c0d0: 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a twork interface.\n+0001c0e0: 2870 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6465 7065 6e64 (platform depend\n+0001c0f0: 656e 7429 3a0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 ent):.....net__ip....\n+0001c110: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b The network\n+0001c120: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 2049 5020 interface's IP \n+0001c130: 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f address. Read-o\n+0001c140: 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e nly......net__mac....\n+0001c160: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b The network\n+0001c170: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 interface's MAC\n+0001c180: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d address. Read-\n+0001c190: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__client\n+0001c1b0: 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 id.... The c\n+0001c1c0: 6c69 656e 7420 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 lient id provide\n+0001c1d0: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d d by DHCP. Read-\n+0001c1e0: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__client\n+0001c200: 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 uuid.... The\n+0001c210: 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7575 6964 2070 726f client uuid pro\n+0001c220: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 vided by DHCP. R\n+0001c230: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n+0001c240: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f t__ho\n+0001c250: 7374 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 stname.... T\n+0001c260: 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 686f 7374 206e he client host n\n+0001c270: 616d 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 ame provided by \n+0001c280: 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e DHCP. Read-only.\n+0001c290: 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 .....net__domain.... \n+0001c2b0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2064 The client d\n+0001c2c0: 6f6d 6169 6e20 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 omain name provi\n+0001c2d0: 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 ded by DHCP. Rea\n+0001c2e0: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n+0001c2f0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f 6f74 _root\n+0001c300: 7061 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 path.... The\n+0001c310: 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6c69 path to the cli\n+0001c320: 656e 7427 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6973 6b20 ent's root disk \n+0001c330: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 provided by DHCP\n+0001c340: 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 . Read-only.....\n+0001c350: 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e .net_\n+0001c360: 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 _extensionspath.\n+0001c370: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7061 7468 ... The path\n+0001c380: 2074 6f20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2044 to additional D\n+0001c390: 4843 5020 7665 6e64 6f72 2065 7874 656e HCP vendor exten\n+0001c3a0: 7369 6f6e 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 sions provided b\n+0001c3b0: 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 y DHCP.. Rea\n+0001c3c0: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n+0001c3d0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f 6f74 _boot\n+0001c3e0: 5f66 696c 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 _file.... Th\n+0001c3f0: 6520 626f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 e boot file name\n+0001c400: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 provided by DHC\n+0001c410: 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 P. Read-only....\n+0001c420: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__dhcp_server_na\n+0001c440: 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e me.... The n\n+0001c450: 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2044 4843 5020 ame of the DHCP \n+0001c460: 7365 7276 6572 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 server responsib\n+0001c470: 6c65 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2062 6f6f le for these boo\n+0001c480: 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 t parameters.. \n+0001c490: 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 Read-only....\n+0001c4a0: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__next_server...\n+0001c4c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 4950 2061 6464 . The IP add\n+0001c4d0: 7265 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e65 7874 ress of the next\n+0001c4e0: 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2054 4654 5029 (usually, TFTP)\n+0001c4f0: 2073 6572 7665 7220 7072 6f76 6964 6564 server provided\n+0001c500: 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 by DHCP.. R\n+0001c510: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n+0001c520: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 t_default_interf\n+0001c530: 6163 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 6974 ace.... Init\n+0001c540: 6961 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 746f 206e 616d ially set to nam\n+0001c550: 6520 6f66 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 e of network int\n+0001c560: 6572 6661 6365 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 erface that was \n+0001c570: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 used to load. \n+0001c580: 2020 6772 7562 2e20 2052 6561 642d 7772 grub. Read-wr\n+0001c590: 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 ite, although se\n+0001c5a0: 7474 696e 6720 6974 2061 6666 6563 7473 tting it affects\n+0001c5b0: 206f 6e6c 7920 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 only interpreta\n+0001c5c0: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 tion. of ...\n+0001c5d0: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 net_default_ip..\n+0001c5e0: 9920 616e 6420 e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 . and ...net_def\n+0001c5f0: 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 0ae2 8098 ault_mac........\n+0001c600: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 net_default_ip..\n+0001c610: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2049 5020 6164 .. The IP ad\n+0001c620: 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2064 6566 6175 6c74 dress of default\n+0001c630: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 2052 6561 interface. Rea\n+0001c640: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 d-only. This is\n+0001c650: 2061 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 alias for. \n+0001c660: 7468 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 the ...net_${net\n+0001c670: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 _default_interfa\n+0001c680: 6365 7d5f 6970 e280 992e 0a0a e280 986e ce}_ip.........n\n+0001c690: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 et_default_mac..\n+0001c6a0: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 .. The defau\n+0001c6b0: 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d lt interface's M\n+0001c6c0: 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 AC address. Rea\n+0001c6d0: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 d-only. This is\n+0001c6e0: 2061 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 alias for. \n+0001c6f0: 7468 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 the ...net_${net\n+0001c700: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 _default_interfa\n+0001c710: 6365 7d5f 6d61 63e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ce}_mac.........\n+0001c720: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 net_default_serv\n+0001c730: 6572 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 er.... The d\n+0001c740: 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6572 7665 7220 7573 efault server us\n+0001c750: 6564 2062 7920 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 ed by network dr\n+0001c760: 6976 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 ives (*note Devi\n+0001c770: 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e0a 2020 ce syntax::).. \n+0001c780: 2020 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 Read-write, a\n+0001c790: 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 lthough setting \n+0001c7a0: 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 this is only use\n+0001c7b0: 6675 6c20 6265 666f 7265 206f 7065 6e69 ful before openi\n+0001c7c0: 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7477 6f72 ng a. networ\n+0001c7d0: 6b20 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c k device.....Fil\n+0001c7e0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0001c7f0: 6f64 653a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d ode: Serial term\n+0001c800: 696e 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2056 656e inal, Next: Ven\n+0001c810: 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 dor power-on key\n+0001c820: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 s, Prev: Networ\n+0001c830: 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 2055 k, Up: Top..9 U\n+0001c840: 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7669 6120 6120 sing GRUB via a \n+0001c850: 7365 7269 616c 206c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a serial line.****\n 0001c860: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 2063 6861 ******..This cha\n-0001c880: 7074 6572 2064 6573 6372 6962 6573 2068 pter describes h\n-0001c890: 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7365 ow to use the se\n-0001c8a0: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 rial terminal su\n-0001c8b0: 7070 6f72 7420 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a pport in GRUB...\n-0001c8c0: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 206d If you have m\n-0001c8d0: 616e 7920 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 6f72 any computers or\n-0001c8e0: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 computers with \n-0001c8f0: 6e6f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2f6b 6579 626f no display/keybo\n-0001c900: 6172 642c 2069 740a 636f 756c 6420 6265 ard, it.could be\n-0001c910: 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 very useful to \n-0001c920: 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 control the comp\n-0001c930: 7574 6572 7320 7468 726f 7567 6820 7365 uters through se\n-0001c940: 7269 616c 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 rial.communicati\n-0001c950: 6f6e 732e 2020 546f 2063 6f6e 6e65 6374 ons. To connect\n-0001c960: 206f 6e65 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7769 one computer wi\n-0001c970: 7468 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2076 6961 2061 th another via a\n-0001c980: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 2c0a 796f serial line,.yo\n-0001c990: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6570 6172 u need to prepar\n-0001c9a0: 6520 6120 6e75 6c6c 2d6d 6f64 656d 2028 e a null-modem (\n-0001c9b0: 6372 6f73 7329 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6361 cross) serial ca\n-0001c9c0: 626c 652c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206d 6179 ble, and you may\n-0001c9d0: 206e 6565 640a 746f 2068 6176 6520 6d75 need.to have mu\n-0001c9e0: 6c74 6970 6f72 7420 7365 7269 616c 2062 ltiport serial b\n-0001c9f0: 6f61 7264 732c 2069 6620 796f 7572 2063 oards, if your c\n-0001ca00: 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 omputer doesn't \n-0001ca10: 6861 7665 2065 7874 7261 0a73 6572 6961 have extra.seria\n-0001ca20: 6c20 706f 7274 732e 2020 496e 2061 6464 l ports. In add\n-0001ca30: 6974 696f 6e2c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ition, a termina\n-0001ca40: 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 616c l emulator is al\n-0001ca50: 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 642c 2073 7563 so required, suc\n-0001ca60: 680a 6173 206d 696e 6963 6f6d 2e20 2052 h.as minicom. R\n-0001ca70: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 6e75 616c efer to a manual\n-0001ca80: 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 of your operati\n-0001ca90: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206d ng system, for m\n-0001caa0: 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore.information.\n-0001cab0: 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 666f 7220 4752 5542 .. As for GRUB\n-0001cac0: 2c20 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f , the instructio\n-0001cad0: 6e20 746f 2073 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 n to set up a se\n-0001cae0: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6973 rial terminal is\n-0001caf0: 2071 7569 7465 0a73 696d 706c 652e 2020 quite.simple. \n-0001cb00: 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 Here is an examp\n-0001cb10: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 le:.. grub> \n-0001cb20: 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d75 6e69 743d 3020 serial --unit=0 \n-0001cb30: 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 2020 --speed=9600. \n-0001cb40: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7465 726d 696e 616c grub> terminal\n-0001cb50: 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c3b 2074 _input serial; t\n-0001cb60: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2073 erminal_output s\n-0001cb70: 6572 6961 6c0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f erial.. The co\n-0001cb80: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 mmand ...serial.\n-0001cb90: 8099 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 2074 .. initializes t\n-0001cba0: 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 2030 he serial unit 0\n-0001cbb0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 6565 640a with the speed.\n-0001cbc0: 3936 3030 6270 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 9600bps. The se\n-0001cbd0: 7269 616c 2075 6e69 7420 3020 6973 2075 rial unit 0 is u\n-0001cbe0: 7375 616c 6c79 2063 616c 6c65 6420 e280 sually called ..\n-0001cbf0: 9843 4f4d 31e2 8099 2c20 736f 2c20 6966 .COM1..., so, if\n-0001cc00: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a75 7365 you want to.use\n-0001cc10: 2043 4f4d 322c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 7420 COM2, you must \n-0001cc20: 7370 6563 6966 7920 e280 982d 2d75 6e69 specify ...--uni\n-0001cc30: 743d 31e2 8099 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 t=1... instead. \n-0001cc40: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6163 This command ac\n-0001cc50: 6365 7074 730a 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 cepts.many other\n-0001cc60: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 options, *note \n-0001cc70: 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 serial:: for mor\n-0001cc80: 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2057 e details... W\n-0001cc90: 6974 686f 7574 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 ithout argument \n-0001cca0: 6f72 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d70 6f72 or with ...--por\n-0001ccb0: 743d 6175 746f e280 992c 2047 5255 4220 t=auto..., GRUB \n-0001ccc0: 7769 6c6c 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 will attempt to \n-0001ccd0: 7573 6520 4143 5049 0a77 6865 6e20 6176 use ACPI.when av\n-0001cce0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2061 7574 6f2d ailable to auto-\n-0001ccf0: 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 detect the defau\n-0001cd00: 6c74 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2061 lt serial port a\n-0001cd10: 6e64 2069 7473 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 nd its.configura\n-0001cd20: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f tion... The co\n-0001cd30: 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e mmands ...termin\n-0001cd40: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f al_input... (*no\n-0001cd50: 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 te terminal_inpu\n-0001cd60: 743a 3a29 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7465 726d t::) and....term\n-0001cd70: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2028 inal_output... (\n-0001cd80: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f *note terminal_o\n-0001cd90: 7574 7075 743a 3a29 2063 686f 6f73 6520 utput::) choose \n-0001cda0: 7768 6963 6820 7479 7065 206f 660a 7465 which type of.te\n-0001cdb0: 726d 696e 616c 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 rminal you want \n-0001cdc0: 746f 2075 7365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 to use. In the \n-0001cdd0: 6361 7365 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 6520 case above, the \n-0001cde0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 terminal will be\n-0001cdf0: 2061 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e a.serial termin\n-0001ce00: 616c 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 al, but you can \n-0001ce10: 616c 736f 2070 6173 7320 e280 9863 6f6e also pass ...con\n-0001ce20: 736f 6c65 e280 9920 746f 2074 6865 2063 sole... to the c\n-0001ce30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 6173 0ae2 8098 7465 ommand, as....te\n-0001ce40: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 rminal_input ser\n-0001ce50: 6961 6c20 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2e20 ial console.... \n-0001ce60: 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 652c 2061 In this case, a\n-0001ce70: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 2077 6869 terminal in whi\n-0001ce80: 6368 2079 6f75 0a70 7265 7373 2061 6e79 ch you.press any\n-0001ce90: 206b 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 656c key will be sel\n-0001cea0: 6563 7465 6420 6173 2061 2047 5255 4220 ected as a GRUB \n-0001ceb0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 terminal. In th\n-0001cec0: 6520 6578 616d 706c 650a 6162 6f76 652c e example.above,\n-0001ced0: 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206e note that you n\n-0001cee0: 6565 6420 746f 2070 7574 2062 6f74 6820 eed to put both \n-0001cef0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 commands on the \n-0001cf00: 7361 6d65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e same command lin\n-0001cf10: 652c 0a61 7320 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c e,.as you will l\n-0001cf20: 6f73 6520 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 ose the ability \n-0001cf30: 746f 2074 7970 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 to type commands\n-0001cf40: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 on the console \n-0001cf50: 6166 7465 7220 7468 650a 6669 7273 7420 after the.first \n-0001cf60: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 command... How\n-0001cf70: 6576 6572 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ever, note that \n-0001cf80: 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 6861 GRUB assumes tha\n-0001cf90: 7420 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 t your terminal \n-0001cfa0: 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 730a 636f 6d70 emulator is.comp\n-0001cfb0: 6174 6962 6c65 2077 6974 6820 5654 3130 atible with VT10\n-0001cfc0: 3020 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2054 0 by default. T\n-0001cfd0: 6869 7320 6973 2074 7275 6520 666f 7220 his is true for \n-0001cfe0: 6d6f 7374 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 656d most terminal.em\n-0001cff0: 756c 6174 6f72 7320 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 ulators nowadays\n-0001d000: 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 , but you should\n-0001d010: 2070 6173 7320 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e pass the option\n-0001d020: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6475 6d62 e280 9920 746f ...--dumb... to\n-0001d030: 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6620 the.command if \n-0001d040: 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d your terminal em\n-0001d050: 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 5654 ulator is not VT\n-0001d060: 3130 302d 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 206f 100-compatible o\n-0001d070: 7220 696d 706c 656d 656e 7473 0a66 6577 r implements.few\n-0001d080: 2056 5431 3030 2065 7363 6170 6520 7365 VT100 escape se\n-0001d090: 7175 656e 6365 732e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 quences. If you\n-0001d0a0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6869 7320 6f70 specify this op\n-0001d0b0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 0a70 tion then GRUB.p\n-0001d0c0: 726f 7669 6465 7320 796f 7520 7769 7468 rovides you with\n-0001d0d0: 2061 6e20 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 an alternative \n-0001d0e0: 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 menu interface, \n-0001d0f0: 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6520 6e6f 726d because the norm\n-0001d100: 616c 206d 656e 750a 7265 7175 6972 6573 al menu.requires\n-0001d110: 2073 6576 6572 616c 2066 616e 6379 2066 several fancy f\n-0001d120: 6561 7475 7265 7320 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 eatures of your \n-0001d130: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c terminal.....Fil\n-0001d140: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0001d150: 6f64 653a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 ode: Vendor powe\n-0001d160: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 4e65 7874 r-on keys, Next\n-0001d170: 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a : Images, Prev:\n-0001d180: 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c Serial terminal\n-0001d190: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3130 2055 , Up: Top..10 U\n-0001d1a0: 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7769 7468 2076 sing GRUB with v\n-0001d1b0: 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b endor power-on k\n-0001d1c0: 6579 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a eys.************\n+0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 **********..This\n+0001c880: 2063 6861 7074 6572 2064 6573 6372 6962 chapter describ\n+0001c890: 6573 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 es how to use th\n+0001c8a0: 6520 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 e serial termina\n+0001c8b0: 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 696e 2047 5255 l support in GRU\n+0001c8c0: 422e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 B... If you ha\n+0001c8d0: 7665 206d 616e 7920 636f 6d70 7574 6572 ve many computer\n+0001c8e0: 7320 6f72 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 s or computers w\n+0001c8f0: 6974 6820 6e6f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2f6b ith no display/k\n+0001c900: 6579 626f 6172 642c 2069 740a 636f 756c eyboard, it.coul\n+0001c910: 6420 6265 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c d be very useful\n+0001c920: 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 7468 6520 to control the \n+0001c930: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 7468 726f 7567 computers throug\n+0001c940: 6820 7365 7269 616c 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 h serial.communi\n+0001c950: 6361 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 546f 2063 6f6e cations. To con\n+0001c960: 6e65 6374 206f 6e65 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 nect one compute\n+0001c970: 7220 7769 7468 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2076 r with another v\n+0001c980: 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 ia a serial line\n+0001c990: 2c0a 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 ,.you need to pr\n+0001c9a0: 6570 6172 6520 6120 6e75 6c6c 2d6d 6f64 epare a null-mod\n+0001c9b0: 656d 2028 6372 6f73 7329 2073 6572 6961 em (cross) seria\n+0001c9c0: 6c20 6361 626c 652c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 l cable, and you\n+0001c9d0: 206d 6179 206e 6565 640a 746f 2068 6176 may need.to hav\n+0001c9e0: 6520 6d75 6c74 6970 6f72 7420 7365 7269 e multiport seri\n+0001c9f0: 616c 2062 6f61 7264 732c 2069 6620 796f al boards, if yo\n+0001ca00: 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 646f 6573 ur computer does\n+0001ca10: 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2065 7874 7261 0a73 n't have extra.s\n+0001ca20: 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 732e 2020 496e erial ports. In\n+0001ca30: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e2c 2061 2074 6572 addition, a ter\n+0001ca40: 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 minal emulator i\n+0001ca50: 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 642c s also required,\n+0001ca60: 2073 7563 680a 6173 206d 696e 6963 6f6d such.as minicom\n+0001ca70: 2e20 2052 6566 6572 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 . Refer to a ma\n+0001ca80: 6e75 616c 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 nual of your ope\n+0001ca90: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 rating system, f\n+0001caa0: 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more.informat\n+0001cab0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 666f 7220 ion... As for \n+0001cac0: 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 GRUB, the instru\n+0001cad0: 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2073 6574 2075 7020 ction to set up \n+0001cae0: 6120 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 a serial termina\n+0001caf0: 6c20 6973 2071 7569 7465 0a73 696d 706c l is quite.simpl\n+0001cb00: 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 e. Here is an e\n+0001cb10: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 xample:.. gr\n+0001cb20: 7562 3e20 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d75 6e69 ub> serial --uni\n+0001cb30: 743d 3020 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3936 3030 t=0 --speed=9600\n+0001cb40: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7465 726d . grub> term\n+0001cb50: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 inal_input seria\n+0001cb60: 6c3b 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 l; terminal_outp\n+0001cb70: 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 0a20 2020 5468 ut serial.. Th\n+0001cb80: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6572 e command ...ser\n+0001cb90: 6961 6ce2 8099 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a ial... initializ\n+0001cba0: 6573 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e es the serial un\n+0001cbb0: 6974 2030 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 it 0 with the sp\n+0001cbc0: 6565 640a 3936 3030 6270 732e 2020 5468 eed.9600bps. Th\n+0001cbd0: 6520 7365 7269 616c 2075 6e69 7420 3020 e serial unit 0 \n+0001cbe0: 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2063 616c 6c65 is usually calle\n+0001cbf0: 6420 e280 9843 4f4d 31e2 8099 2c20 736f d ...COM1..., so\n+0001cc00: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f , if you want to\n+0001cc10: 0a75 7365 2043 4f4d 322c 2079 6f75 206d .use COM2, you m\n+0001cc20: 7573 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 e280 982d ust specify ...-\n+0001cc30: 2d75 6e69 743d 31e2 8099 2069 6e73 7465 -unit=1... inste\n+0001cc40: 6164 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e ad. This comman\n+0001cc50: 6420 6163 6365 7074 730a 6d61 6e79 206f d accepts.many o\n+0001cc60: 7468 6572 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 2a6e ther options, *n\n+0001cc70: 6f74 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2066 6f72 ote serial:: for\n+0001cc80: 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a more details...\n+0001cc90: 2020 2057 6974 686f 7574 2061 7267 756d Without argum\n+0001cca0: 656e 7420 6f72 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d ent or with ...-\n+0001ccb0: 2d70 6f72 743d 6175 746f e280 992c 2047 -port=auto..., G\n+0001ccc0: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2061 7474 656d 7074 RUB will attempt\n+0001ccd0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 4143 5049 0a77 6865 to use ACPI.whe\n+0001cce0: 6e20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2061 n available to a\n+0001ccf0: 7574 6f2d 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2064 uto-detect the d\n+0001cd00: 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f efault serial po\n+0001cd10: 7274 2061 6e64 2069 7473 0a63 6f6e 6669 rt and its.confi\n+0001cd20: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 guration... Th\n+0001cd30: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 7465 e commands ...te\n+0001cd40: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 e280 9920 rminal_input... \n+0001cd50: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f (*note terminal_\n+0001cd60: 696e 7075 743a 3a29 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 input::) and....\n+0001cd70: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 terminal_output.\n+0001cd80: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e .. (*note termin\n+0001cd90: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 3a29 2063 686f al_output::) cho\n+0001cda0: 6f73 6520 7768 6963 6820 7479 7065 206f ose which type o\n+0001cdb0: 660a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2079 6f75 2077 f.terminal you w\n+0001cdc0: 616e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2e20 2049 6e20 ant to use. In \n+0001cdd0: 7468 6520 6361 7365 2061 626f 7665 2c20 the case above, \n+0001cde0: 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696c the terminal wil\n+0001cdf0: 6c20 6265 2061 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 7465 l be a.serial te\n+0001ce00: 726d 696e 616c 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 rminal, but you \n+0001ce10: 6361 6e20 616c 736f 2070 6173 7320 e280 can also pass ..\n+0001ce20: 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 9920 746f 2074 .console... to t\n+0001ce30: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 6173 0ae2 he command, as..\n+0001ce40: 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 ..terminal_input\n+0001ce50: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 serial console.\n+0001ce60: 8099 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 ... In this cas\n+0001ce70: 652c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e e, a terminal in\n+0001ce80: 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 0a70 7265 7373 which you.press\n+0001ce90: 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6265 any key will be\n+0001cea0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6173 2061 2047 selected as a G\n+0001ceb0: 5255 4220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 2049 RUB terminal. I\n+0001cec0: 6e20 7468 6520 6578 616d 706c 650a 6162 n the example.ab\n+0001ced0: 6f76 652c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 ove, note that y\n+0001cee0: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2070 7574 2062 ou need to put b\n+0001cef0: 6f74 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206f 6e20 oth commands on \n+0001cf00: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the same command\n+0001cf10: 206c 696e 652c 0a61 7320 796f 7520 7769 line,.as you wi\n+0001cf20: 6c6c 206c 6f73 6520 7468 6520 6162 696c ll lose the abil\n+0001cf30: 6974 7920 746f 2074 7970 6520 636f 6d6d ity to type comm\n+0001cf40: 616e 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6e73 ands on the cons\n+0001cf50: 6f6c 6520 6166 7465 7220 7468 650a 6669 ole after the.fi\n+0001cf60: 7273 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 rst command... \n+0001cf70: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 However, note t\n+0001cf80: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 hat GRUB assumes\n+0001cf90: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 that your termi\n+0001cfa0: 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 730a nal emulator is.\n+0001cfb0: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2077 6974 6820 compatible with \n+0001cfc0: 5654 3130 3020 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 VT100 by default\n+0001cfd0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2074 7275 6520 . This is true \n+0001cfe0: 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 for most termina\n+0001cff0: 6c0a 656d 756c 6174 6f72 7320 6e6f 7761 l.emulators nowa\n+0001d000: 6461 7973 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 7368 days, but you sh\n+0001d010: 6f75 6c64 2070 6173 7320 7468 6520 6f70 ould pass the op\n+0001d020: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6475 6d62 e280 tion ...--dumb..\n+0001d030: 9920 746f 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 . to the.command\n+0001d040: 2069 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 if your termina\n+0001d050: 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 6e6f l emulator is no\n+0001d060: 7420 5654 3130 302d 636f 6d70 6174 6962 t VT100-compatib\n+0001d070: 6c65 206f 7220 696d 706c 656d 656e 7473 le or implements\n+0001d080: 0a66 6577 2056 5431 3030 2065 7363 6170 .few VT100 escap\n+0001d090: 6520 7365 7175 656e 6365 732e 2020 4966 e sequences. If\n+0001d0a0: 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6869 you specify thi\n+0001d0b0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 6e20 4752 s option then GR\n+0001d0c0: 5542 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 796f 7520 UB.provides you \n+0001d0d0: 7769 7468 2061 6e20 616c 7465 726e 6174 with an alternat\n+0001d0e0: 6976 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ive menu interfa\n+0001d0f0: 6365 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6520 ce, because the \n+0001d100: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 656e 750a 7265 7175 normal menu.requ\n+0001d110: 6972 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c 2066 616e ires several fan\n+0001d120: 6379 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 6f66 2079 cy features of y\n+0001d130: 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a1f our terminal....\n+0001d140: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0001d150: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2056 656e 646f 7220 , Node: Vendor \n+0001d160: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 power-on keys, \n+0001d170: 4e65 7874 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2050 Next: Images, P\n+0001d180: 7265 763a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d rev: Serial term\n+0001d190: 696e 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a inal, Up: Top..\n+0001d1a0: 3130 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7769 10 Using GRUB wi\n+0001d1b0: 7468 2076 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d th vendor power-\n+0001d1c0: 6f6e 206b 6579 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a on keys.********\n 0001d1d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001d1e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 6f6d ***********..Som\n-0001d1f0: 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 2076 656e 646f 7273 e laptop vendors\n-0001d200: 2070 726f 7669 6465 2061 6e20 6164 6469 provide an addi\n-0001d210: 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 tional power-on \n-0001d220: 6275 7474 6f6e 2077 6869 6368 2062 6f6f button which boo\n-0001d230: 7473 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 204f 532e 2047 ts.another OS. G\n-0001d240: 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2073 7563 RUB supports suc\n-0001d250: 6820 6275 7474 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 2074 h buttons with t\n-0001d260: 6865 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f he ...GRUB_TIMEO\n-0001d270: 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c0a e280 UT_BUTTON...,...\n-0001d280: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 .GRUB_TIMEOUT_ST\n-0001d290: 594c 455f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 20e2 YLE_BUTTON..., .\n-0001d2a0: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 ..GRUB_DEFAULT_B\n-0001d2b0: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 616e 640a e280 UTTON..., and...\n-0001d2c0: 9847 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e 5f43 4d4f .GRUB_BUTTON_CMO\n-0001d2d0: 535f 4144 4452 4553 53e2 8099 2076 6172 S_ADDRESS... var\n-0001d2e0: 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 6465 6661 756c iables in defaul\n-0001d2f0: 742f 6772 7562 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 t/grub (*note Si\n-0001d300: 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple.configurati\n-0001d310: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f on::). ...GRUB_\n-0001d320: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 TIMEOUT_BUTTON..\n-0001d330: 992c 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f ., ...GRUB_TIMEO\n-0001d340: 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 UT_STYLE_BUTTON.\n-0001d350: 8099 2c0a 616e 6420 e280 9847 5255 425f ..,.and ...GRUB_\n-0001d360: 4445 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 DEFAULT_BUTTON..\n-0001d370: 9920 6172 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 . are used inste\n-0001d380: 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 ad of the corres\n-0001d390: 706f 6e64 696e 670a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ponding.variable\n-0001d3a0: 7320 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 e280 s without the ..\n-0001d3b0: 985f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 9920 7375 6666 ._BUTTON... suff\n-0001d3c0: 6978 2077 6865 6e20 706f 7765 7265 6420 ix when powered \n-0001d3d0: 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2073 7065 on using the spe\n-0001d3e0: 6369 616c 0a62 7574 746f 6e2e 2020 e280 cial.button. ..\n-0001d3f0: 9847 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e 5f43 4d4f .GRUB_BUTTON_CMO\n-0001d400: 535f 4144 4452 4553 53e2 8099 2069 7320 S_ADDRESS... is \n-0001d410: 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 vendor-specific \n-0001d420: 616e 6420 7061 7274 6961 6c6c 790a 6d6f and partially.mo\n-0001d430: 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 2056 del-specific. V\n-0001d440: 616c 7565 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2074 alues known to t\n-0001d450: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2061 7265 he GRUB team are\n-0001d460: 3a0a 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d 3133 :... 121:3.\n-0001d480: 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 5320 4d31 3533 303e \n-0001d490: 0a20 2020 2020 3835 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c . 85:3.\n-0001d4b0: 0a20 2020 2020 3835 3a33 0a3c 4173 7573 . 85:3.. \n-0001d4d0: 2020 2020 3834 3a31 2028 756e 636f 6e66 84:1 (unconf\n-0001d4e0: 6972 6d65 6429 0a3c 4c45 4e4f 564f 2054 irmed).. 10\n-0001d510: 313a 330a 0a20 2020 546f 2074 616b 6520 1:3.. To take \n-0001d520: 6675 6c6c 2061 6476 616e 7461 6765 206f full advantage o\n-0001d530: 6620 7468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2c f this function,\n-0001d540: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e install GRUB in\n-0001d550: 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 0a28 2a6e 6f74 to the MBR.(*not\n-0001d560: 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 e Installing GRU\n-0001d570: 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 B using grub-ins\n-0001d580: 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 tall::)... If \n-0001d590: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 206c 6170 746f you have a lapto\n-0001d5a0: 7020 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6120 7369 p which has a si\n-0001d5b0: 6d69 6c61 7220 6665 6174 7572 6520 616e milar feature an\n-0001d5c0: 6420 6e6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2061 626f d not in the abo\n-0001d5d0: 7665 0a6c 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 796f ve.list could yo\n-0001d5e0: 7520 6669 6775 7265 2079 6f75 7220 6164 u figure your ad\n-0001d5f0: 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 636f 6e74 7269 dress and contri\n-0001d600: 6275 7465 3f20 2054 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 bute? To discov\n-0001d610: 6572 2074 6865 0a61 6464 7265 7373 2064 er the.address d\n-0001d620: 6f20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a o the following:\n-0001d630: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 206e 6f72 . ... boot nor\n-0001d640: 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 2020 2020 mally. ... \n-0001d650: 2020 7375 646f 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 sudo modprobe \n-0001d660: 6e76 7261 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nvram. \n-0001d670: 7375 646f 2063 6174 202f 6465 762f 6e76 sudo cat /dev/nv\n-0001d680: 7261 6d20 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d ram | xxd > norm\n-0001d690: 616c 5f62 7574 746f 6e2e 7478 740a 2020 al_button.txt. \n-0001d6a0: 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 ... boot using \n-0001d6b0: 7665 6e64 6f72 2062 7574 746f 6e0a 2020 vendor button. \n-0001d6c0: 20e2 80a2 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f 206d ... sudo m\n-0001d6d0: 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 6e76 7261 6d0a 2020 odprobe nvram. \n-0001d6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f 2063 6174 sudo cat\n-0001d6f0: 202f 6465 762f 6e76 7261 6d20 7c20 7878 /dev/nvram | xx\n-0001d700: 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f76 656e 646f d > normal_vendo\n-0001d710: 722e 7478 740a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2063 r.txt.. Then c\n-0001d720: 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 6865 7365 2074 6578 ompare these tex\n-0001d730: 7420 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6669 6e64 t files and find\n-0001d740: 2077 6865 7265 2061 2062 6974 2077 6173 where a bit was\n-0001d750: 2074 6f67 676c 6564 2e20 2045 2e67 2e0a toggled. E.g..\n-0001d760: 696e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2044 656c 6c20 in case of Dell \n-0001d770: 5850 5320 6974 2077 6173 3a0a 2020 2020 XPS it was:. \n-0001d780: 2062 7974 6520 3078 3437 3a20 3230 202d byte 0x47: 20 -\n-0001d790: 2d3e 2032 380a 2020 2049 7427 7320 6120 -> 28. It's a \n-0001d7a0: 6269 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 2033 2061 7320 bit number 3 as \n-0001d7b0: 7365 656e 2066 726f 6d20 666f 6c6c 6f77 seen from follow\n-0001d7c0: 696e 6720 7461 626c 653a 0a30 2020 2020 ing table:.0 \n-0001d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3031 0a31 2020 01.1 \n-0001d7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3032 0a32 02.2\n-0001d7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3034 04\n-0001d800: 0a33 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .3 \n-0001d810: 3038 0a34 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 08.4 \n-0001d820: 2020 3130 0a35 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 10.5 \n-0001d830: 2020 2020 3230 0a36 2020 2020 2020 2020 20.6 \n-0001d840: 2020 2020 2020 3430 0a37 2020 2020 2020 40.7 \n-0001d850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3830 0a0a 2020 2030 80.. 0\n-0001d860: 7834 3720 6973 2064 6563 696d 616c 2037 x47 is decimal 7\n-0001d870: 312e 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 6e76 7261 6d20 1. Linux nvram \n-0001d880: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2063 implementation c\n-0001d890: 7574 7320 6669 7273 7420 3134 2062 7974 uts first 14 byt\n-0001d8a0: 6573 0a6f 6620 434d 4f53 2e20 536f 2074 es.of CMOS. So t\n-0001d8b0: 6865 2072 6561 6c20 6279 7465 2061 6464 he real byte add\n-0001d8c0: 7265 7373 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 2069 7320 ress in CMOS is \n-0001d8d0: 3731 2b31 343d 3835 2053 6f20 636f 6d70 71+14=85 So comp\n-0001d8e0: 6c65 7465 0a61 6464 7265 7373 2069 7320 lete.address is \n-0001d8f0: 3835 3a33 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 85:3....File: gr\n-0001d900: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0001d910: 496d 6167 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 Images, Next: C\n-0001d920: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c ore image size l\n-0001d930: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 imitation, Prev\n-0001d940: 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f : Vendor power-o\n-0001d950: 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 n keys, Up: Top\n-0001d960: 0a0a 3131 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6520 ..11 GRUB image \n-0001d970: 6669 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a files.**********\n-0001d980: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 *********..GRUB \n-0001d990: 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 7365 7665 consists of seve\n-0001d9a0: 7261 6c20 696d 6167 6573 3a20 6120 7661 ral images: a va\n-0001d9b0: 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2062 6f6f 7473 7472 riety of bootstr\n-0001d9c0: 6170 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 720a 7374 ap images for.st\n-0001d9d0: 6172 7469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 696e 2076 arting GRUB in v\n-0001d9e0: 6172 696f 7573 2077 6179 732c 2061 206b arious ways, a k\n-0001d9f0: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 ernel image, and\n-0001da00: 2061 2073 6574 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 a set of module\n-0001da10: 730a 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 636f 6d62 s.which are comb\n-0001da20: 696e 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6b65 ined with the ke\n-0001da30: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 666f rnel image to fo\n-0001da40: 726d 2061 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 652e rm a core image.\n-0001da50: 2020 4865 7265 2069 730a 6120 7368 6f72 Here is.a shor\n-0001da60: 7420 6f76 6572 7669 6577 206f 6620 7468 t overview of th\n-0001da70: 656d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 em......boot.img\n-0001da80: e280 990a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 5043 2042 .... On PC B\n-0001da90: 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c 2074 6869 IOS systems, thi\n-0001daa0: 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2074 6865 2066 s image is the f\n-0001dab0: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2047 5255 irst part of GRU\n-0001dac0: 4220 746f 2073 7461 7274 2e0a 2020 2020 B to start.. \n-0001dad0: 2049 7420 6973 2077 7269 7474 656e 2074 It is written t\n-0001dae0: 6f20 6120 6d61 7374 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 o a master boot \n-0001daf0: 7265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 206f 7220 record (MBR) or \n-0001db00: 746f 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 to the boot sect\n-0001db10: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2061 2070 6172 or. of a par\n-0001db20: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 6563 6175 7365 tition. Because\n-0001db30: 2061 2050 4320 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f a PC boot secto\n-0001db40: 7220 6973 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 2c20 r is 512 bytes, \n-0001db50: 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f 660a 2020 2020 the size of. \n-0001db60: 2074 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2065 this image is e\n-0001db70: 7861 6374 6c79 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 xactly 512 bytes\n-0001db80: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 736f 6c65 ... The sole\n-0001db90: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 function of ...\n-0001dba0: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6973 2074 boot.img... is t\n-0001dbb0: 6f20 7265 6164 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 o read the first\n-0001dbc0: 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 sector of the. \n-0001dbd0: 2020 2020 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2066 core image f\n-0001dbe0: 726f 6d20 6120 6c6f 6361 6c20 6469 736b rom a local disk\n-0001dbf0: 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7020 746f 2069 742e and jump to it.\n-0001dc00: 2020 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 2074 6865 Because of the\n-0001dc10: 2073 697a 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 7472 size. restr\n-0001dc20: 6963 7469 6f6e 2c20 e280 9862 6f6f 742e iction, ...boot.\n-0001dc30: 696d 67e2 8099 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 756e img... cannot un\n-0001dc40: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2061 6e79 2066 696c derstand any fil\n-0001dc50: 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 7374 e system. st\n-0001dc60: 7275 6374 7572 652c 2073 6f20 e280 9867 ructure, so ...g\n-0001dc70: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2068 rub-install... h\n-0001dc80: 6172 6463 6f64 6573 2074 6865 206c 6f63 ardcodes the loc\n-0001dc90: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 ation of the fir\n-0001dca0: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6374 6f72 206f st. sector o\n-0001dcb0: 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 f the core image\n-0001dcc0: 2069 6e74 6f20 e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d into ...boot.im\n-0001dcd0: 67e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c g... when instal\n-0001dce0: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 422e 0a0a e280 9864 ling GRUB......d\n-0001dcf0: 6973 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 iskboot.img.... \n-0001dd00: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 This image i\n-0001dd10: 7320 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 6669 s used as the fi\n-0001dd20: 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 rst sector of th\n-0001dd30: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 e core image whe\n-0001dd40: 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 n. booting f\n-0001dd50: 726f 6d20 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e rom a hard disk.\n-0001dd60: 2020 4974 2072 6561 6473 2074 6865 2072 It reads the r\n-0001dd70: 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 est of the core \n-0001dd80: 696d 6167 6520 696e 746f 0a20 2020 2020 image into. \n-0001dd90: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2061 6e64 2073 7461 7274 memory and start\n-0001dda0: 7320 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 2053 s the kernel. S\n-0001ddb0: 696e 6365 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d ince file system\n-0001ddc0: 2068 616e 646c 696e 6720 6973 206e 6f74 handling is not\n-0001ddd0: 0a20 2020 2020 7965 7420 6176 6169 6c61 . yet availa\n-0001dde0: 626c 652c 2069 7420 656e 636f 6465 7320 ble, it encodes \n-0001ddf0: 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 the location of \n-0001de00: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2075 the core image u\n-0001de10: 7369 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 sing a. bloc\n-0001de20: 6b20 6c69 7374 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a k list format...\n-0001de30: e280 9863 6462 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 ...cdboot.img...\n-0001de40: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 . 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T\n-0001e050: 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 636f 6e74 6169 his image contai\n-0001e060: 6e73 2047 5255 4227 7320 6261 7369 6320 ns GRUB's basic \n-0001e070: 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2066 6163 696c 6974 run-time facilit\n-0001e080: 6965 733a 2066 7261 6d65 776f 726b 730a ies: frameworks.\n-0001e090: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 for device \n-0001e0a0: 616e 6420 6669 6c65 2068 616e 646c 696e and file handlin\n-0001e0b0: 672c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 g, environment v\n-0001e0c0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7265 ariables, the re\n-0001e0d0: 7363 7565 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 2063 scue. mode c\n-0001e0e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 7061 7273 ommand-line pars\n-0001e0f0: 6572 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 er, and so on. \n-0001e100: 4974 2069 7320 7261 7265 6c79 2075 7365 It is rarely use\n-0001e110: 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c0a 2020 2020 d directly,. \n-0001e120: 2062 7574 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e but is built in\n-0001e130: 746f 2061 6c6c 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 to all core imag\n-0001e140: 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 es......core.img\n-0001e150: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6973 .... 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RAID...\n-0001e940: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 GRUB Legacy\n-0001e950: 2063 6f75 6c64 2072 756e 2077 6974 6820 could run with \n-0001e960: 6f6e 6c79 2053 7461 6765 2031 2061 6e64 only Stage 1 and\n-0001e970: 2053 7461 6765 2032 2069 6e20 736f 6d65 Stage 2 in some\n-0001e980: 206c 696d 6974 6564 0a20 2020 2020 636f limited. co\n-0001e990: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 7768 nfigurations, wh\n-0001e9a0: 696c 6520 4752 5542 2032 2072 6571 7569 ile GRUB 2 requi\n-0001e9b0: 7265 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 res ...core.img.\n-0001e9c0: 8099 2061 6e64 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 776f .. and cannot wo\n-0001e9d0: 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 6f75 7420 rk. without \n-0001e9e0: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7374 6167 6532 e280 it......stage2..\n-0001e9f0: 990a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 3220 6861 .. GRUB 2 ha\n-0001ea00: 7320 6e6f 2073 696e 676c 6520 5374 6167 s no single Stag\n-0001ea10: 6520 3220 696d 6167 652e 2020 496e 7374 e 2 image. Inst\n-0001ea20: 6561 642c 2069 7420 6c6f 6164 7320 6d6f ead, it loads mo\n-0001ea30: 6475 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 dules from. \n-0001ea40: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 .../boot/grub...\n-0001ea50: 2061 7420 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 at run-time....\n-0001ea60: 8098 7374 6167 6532 5f65 6c74 6f72 6974 ..stage2_eltorit\n-0001ea70: 6fe2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 o.... In GRU\n-0001ea80: 4220 322c 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 B 2, images for \n-0001ea90: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2043 442d booting from CD-\n-0001eaa0: 524f 4d20 6472 6976 6573 2061 7265 206e ROM drives are n\n-0001eab0: 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 ow. construc\n-0001eac0: 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 e280 9863 6462 ted using ...cdb\n-0001ead0: 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 oot.img... and .\n-0001eae0: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 206d ..core.img..., m\n-0001eaf0: 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 aking sure that \n-0001eb00: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6520 696d the. core im\n-0001eb10: 6167 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 age contains the\n-0001eb20: 20e2 8098 6973 6f39 3636 30e2 8099 206d ...iso9660... m\n-0001eb30: 6f64 756c 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7573 odule. It is us\n-0001eb40: 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f0a 2020 ually best to. \n-0001eb50: 2020 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 use the ...gr\n-0001eb60: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 2070 ub-mkrescue... p\n-0001eb70: 726f 6772 616d 2066 6f72 2074 6869 732e rogram for this.\n-0001eb80: 0a0a e280 986e 6267 7275 62e2 8099 0a20 .....nbgrub.... \n-0001eb90: 2020 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 2061 7320 There is as \n-0001eba0: 7965 7420 6e6f 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e yet no equivalen\n-0001ebb0: 7420 666f 7220 e280 986e 6267 7275 62e2 t for ...nbgrub.\n-0001ebc0: 8099 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 3b20 6974 .. in GRUB 2; it\n-0001ebd0: 2077 6173 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2062 was used. b\n-0001ebe0: 7920 4574 6865 7262 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 y Etherboot and \n-0001ebf0: 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 206e 6574 776f some other netwo\n-0001ec00: 726b 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 732e rk boot loaders.\n-0001ec10: 0a0a e280 9870 7865 6772 7562 e280 990a .....pxegrub....\n-0001ec20: 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 In GRUB 2, \n-0001ec30: 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2050 5845 206e images for PXE n\n-0001ec40: 6574 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 etwork booting a\n-0001ec50: 7265 206e 6f77 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 re now construct\n-0001ec60: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ed using. ..\n-0001ec70: 9870 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 .pxeboot.img... \n-0001ec80: 616e 6420 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 and ...core.img.\n-0001ec90: 8099 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 6520 .., making sure \n-0001eca0: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d that the core im\n-0001ecb0: 6167 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e age. contain\n-0001ecc0: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9870 7865 e280 9920 s the ...pxe... \n-0001ecd0: 616e 6420 e280 9870 7865 636d 64e2 8099 and ...pxecmd...\n-0001ece0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 modules. *Note\n-0001ecf0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n-0001ed00: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0001ed10: 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 Node: Core imag\n-0001ed20: 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f e size limitatio\n-0001ed30: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 n, Next: Filesy\n-0001ed40: 7374 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6d61 stem, Prev: Ima\n-0001ed50: 6765 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 ges, Up: Top..1\n-0001ed60: 3220 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 2 Core image siz\n-0001ed70: 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a e limitation.***\n-0001ed80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001ed90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4865 6176 **********..Heav\n-0001eda0: 696c 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 706c 6174 ily limited plat\n-0001edb0: 666f 726d 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 forms:. ... i3\n-0001edc0: 3836 2d70 6320 286e 6f72 6d61 6c20 616e 86-pc (normal an\n-0001edd0: 6420 5058 4529 3a20 7468 6520 636f 7265 d PXE): the core\n-0001ede0: 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 2863 6f6d image size (com\n-0001edf0: 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 730a 2020 2020 pressed) is. \n-0001ee00: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3435 3832 limited by 4582\n-0001ee10: 3430 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206b 6572 6e65 40 bytes. kerne\n-0001ee20: 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e l.img (.text + .\n-0001ee30: 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 732c 0a20 2020 data + .bss,. \n-0001ee40: 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 uncompressed) \n-0001ee50: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 is limited by 39\n-0001ee60: 3237 3034 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206d 6f64 2704 bytes. mod\n-0001ee70: 756c 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 2875 ule size. (u\n-0001ee80: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 206b ncompressed) + k\n-0001ee90: 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 ernel.img (.text\n-0001eea0: 202b 202e 6461 7461 2c20 756e 636f 6d70 + .data, uncomp\n-0001eeb0: 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 ressed) is. \n-0001eec0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 limited by the s\n-0001eed0: 697a 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 ize of contiguou\n-0001eee0: 7320 6368 756e 6b20 6174 2031 4d20 6164 s chunk at 1M ad\n-0001eef0: 6472 6573 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7370 dress.. ... sp\n-0001ef00: 6172 6336 342d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3a20 arc64-ieee1275: \n-0001ef10: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 kernel.img (.tex\n-0001ef20: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 t + .data + .bss\n-0001ef30: 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b0a 2020 ) + modules +. \n-0001ef40: 2020 2032 3536 4b20 2873 7461 636b 2920 256K (stack) \n-0001ef50: 2b20 324d 2028 6865 6170 2920 6973 206c + 2M (heap) is l\n-0001ef60: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6520 imited by space \n-0001ef70: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 7834 available at 0x4\n-0001ef80: 3430 302e 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 206d 6f73 400.. On mos\n-0001ef90: 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 t platforms it's\n-0001efa0: 206a 7573 7420 3320 6f72 2034 4d20 7369 just 3 or 4M si\n-0001efb0: 6e63 6520 6965 6565 3132 3735 206d 6170 nce ieee1275 map\n-0001efc0: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 6f0a 2020 2020 206d s only so. m\n-0001efd0: 7563 682e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 uch.. ... i386\n-0001efe0: 2d69 6565 6531 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 -ieee1275: kerne\n-0001eff0: 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e l.img (.text + .\n-0001f000: 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d data + .bss) + m\n-0001f010: 6f64 756c 6573 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c odules is. l\n-0001f020: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 imited by memory\n-0001f030: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 3078 available at 0x\n-0001f040: 3130 3030 302c 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2035 10000, at most 5\n-0001f050: 3936 4b0a 0a20 2020 4c69 6768 746c 7920 96K.. 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(\n-0001f650: 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 202b 2073 decompressor + s\n-0001f660: 6372 6174 6368 2073 7061 6365 2920 6973 cratch space) is\n-0001f670: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 limited by the \n-0001f680: 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 space from. \n-0001f690: 3862 6430 3030 3030 2062 6163 6b77 6172 8bd00000 backwar\n-0001f6a0: 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 2070 6f77 6572 7063 d. ... powerpc\n-0001f6b0: 2d69 6565 6531 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 -ieee1275: kerne\n-0001f6c0: 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e l.img (.text + .\n-0001f6d0: 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d data + .bss) + m\n-0001f6e0: 6f64 756c 6573 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c odules is. l\n-0001f6f0: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6520 imited by space \n-0001f700: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 7832 available at 0x2\n-0001f710: 3030 3030 300a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 00000....File: g\n-0001f720: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0001f730: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 4e65 Filesystem, Ne\n-0001f740: 7874 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 xt: Interface, \n-0001f750: 5072 6576 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 Prev: Core image\n-0001f760: 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e size limitation\n-0001f770: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3133 2046 , Up: Top..13 F\n-0001f780: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7379 6e74 6178 ilesystem syntax\n-0001f790: 2061 6e64 2073 656d 616e 7469 6373 0a2a and semantics.*\n-0001f7a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001d1e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+0001d1f0: 0a53 6f6d 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 2076 656e .Some laptop ven\n+0001d200: 646f 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 2061 6e20 dors provide an \n+0001d210: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6f77 6572 additional power\n+0001d220: 2d6f 6e20 6275 7474 6f6e 2077 6869 6368 -on button which\n+0001d230: 2062 6f6f 7473 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 204f boots.another O\n+0001d240: 532e 2047 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 S. GRUB supports\n+0001d250: 2073 7563 6820 6275 7474 6f6e 7320 7769 such buttons wi\n+0001d260: 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 th the ...GRUB_T\n+0001d270: 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 IMEOUT_BUTTON...\n+0001d280: 2c0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 ,....GRUB_TIMEOU\n+0001d290: 545f 5354 594c 455f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 T_STYLE_BUTTON..\n+0001d2a0: 992c 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 ., ...GRUB_DEFAU\n+0001d2b0: 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 616e LT_BUTTON..., an\n+0001d2c0: 640a e280 9847 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e d....GRUB_BUTTON\n+0001d2d0: 5f43 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 53e2 8099 _CMOS_ADDRESS...\n+0001d2e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 6465 variables in de\n+0001d2f0: 6661 756c 742f 6772 7562 2028 2a6e 6f74 fault/grub (*not\n+0001d300: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple.configu\n+0001d310: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 e280 9847 ration::). ...G\n+0001d320: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 RUB_TIMEOUT_BUTT\n+0001d330: 4f4e e280 992c 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 ON..., ...GRUB_T\n+0001d340: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 IMEOUT_STYLE_BUT\n+0001d350: 544f 4ee2 8099 2c0a 616e 6420 e280 9847 TON...,.and ...G\n+0001d360: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 RUB_DEFAULT_BUTT\n+0001d370: 4f4e e280 9920 6172 6520 7573 6564 2069 ON... are used i\n+0001d380: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f nstead of the co\n+0001d390: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 670a 7661 7269 rresponding.vari\n+0001d3a0: 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 ables without th\n+0001d3b0: 6520 e280 985f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 9920 e ..._BUTTON... \n+0001d3c0: 7375 6666 6978 2077 6865 6e20 706f 7765 suffix when powe\n+0001d3d0: 7265 6420 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 red on using the\n+0001d3e0: 2073 7065 6369 616c 0a62 7574 746f 6e2e special.button.\n+0001d3f0: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e ...GRUB_BUTTON\n+0001d400: 5f43 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 53e2 8099 _CMOS_ADDRESS...\n+0001d410: 2069 7320 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 is vendor-speci\n+0001d420: 6669 6320 616e 6420 7061 7274 6961 6c6c fic and partiall\n+0001d430: 790a 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 y.model-specific\n+0001d440: 2e20 2056 616c 7565 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 . Values known \n+0001d450: 746f 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d to the GRUB team\n+0001d460: 2061 7265 3a0a 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 are:... 12\n+0001d480: 313a 330a 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 5320 4d31 1:3.. 85:3.<\n+0001d4a0: 4465 6c6c 204c 6174 6974 7564 6520 4534 Dell Latitude E4\n+0001d4b0: 3330 303e 0a20 2020 2020 3835 3a33 0a3c 300>. 85:3.<\n+0001d4c0: 4173 7573 2045 6565 5043 2031 3030 3550 Asus EeePC 1005P\n+0001d4d0: 453e 0a20 2020 2020 3834 3a31 2028 756e E>. 84:1 (un\n+0001d4e0: 636f 6e66 6972 6d65 6429 0a3c 4c45 4e4f confirmed).. \n+0001d510: 2020 3130 313a 330a 0a20 2020 546f 2074 101:3.. To t\n+0001d520: 616b 6520 6675 6c6c 2061 6476 616e 7461 ake full advanta\n+0001d530: 6765 206f 6620 7468 6973 2066 756e 6374 ge of this funct\n+0001d540: 696f 6e2c 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 ion, install GRU\n+0001d550: 4220 696e 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 0a28 B into the MBR.(\n+0001d560: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 *note Installing\n+0001d570: 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 GRUB using grub\n+0001d580: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 -install::)... \n+0001d590: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 206c If you have a l\n+0001d5a0: 6170 746f 7020 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 aptop which has \n+0001d5b0: 6120 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6665 6174 7572 a similar featur\n+0001d5c0: 6520 616e 6420 6e6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 e and not in the\n+0001d5d0: 2061 626f 7665 0a6c 6973 7420 636f 756c above.list coul\n+0001d5e0: 6420 796f 7520 6669 6775 7265 2079 6f75 d you figure you\n+0001d5f0: 7220 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 636f r address and co\n+0001d600: 6e74 7269 6275 7465 3f20 2054 6f20 6469 ntribute? To di\n+0001d610: 7363 6f76 6572 2074 6865 0a61 6464 7265 scover the.addre\n+0001d620: 7373 2064 6f20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ss do the follow\n+0001d630: 696e 673a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 ing:. ... boot\n+0001d640: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 normally. ...\n+0001d650: 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f 206d 6f64 7072 sudo modpr\n+0001d660: 6f62 6520 6e76 7261 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 obe nvram. \n+0001d670: 2020 2020 7375 646f 2063 6174 202f 6465 sudo cat /de\n+0001d680: 762f 6e76 7261 6d20 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 v/nvram | xxd > \n+0001d690: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f62 7574 746f 6e2e 7478 normal_button.tx\n+0001d6a0: 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 7420 7573 t. ... boot us\n+0001d6b0: 696e 6720 7665 6e64 6f72 2062 7574 746f ing vendor butto\n+0001d6c0: 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2020 2020 2020 7375 n. ... su\n+0001d6d0: 646f 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 6e76 7261 do modprobe nvra\n+0001d6e0: 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f m. sudo\n+0001d6f0: 2063 6174 202f 6465 762f 6e76 7261 6d20 cat /dev/nvram \n+0001d700: 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f76 | xxd > normal_v\n+0001d710: 656e 646f 722e 7478 740a 0a20 2020 5468 endor.txt.. Th\n+0001d720: 656e 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 6865 7365 en compare these\n+0001d730: 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 text files and \n+0001d740: 6669 6e64 2077 6865 7265 2061 2062 6974 find where a bit\n+0001d750: 2077 6173 2074 6f67 676c 6564 2e20 2045 was toggled. E\n+0001d760: 2e67 2e0a 696e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2044 .g..in case of D\n+0001d770: 656c 6c20 5850 5320 6974 2077 6173 3a0a ell XPS it was:.\n+0001d780: 2020 2020 2062 7974 6520 3078 3437 3a20 byte 0x47: \n+0001d790: 3230 202d 2d3e 2032 380a 2020 2049 7427 20 --> 28. It'\n+0001d7a0: 7320 6120 6269 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 2033 s a bit number 3\n+0001d7b0: 2061 7320 7365 656e 2066 726f 6d20 666f as seen from fo\n+0001d7c0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c 653a 0a30 llowing table:.0\n+0001d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3031 01\n+0001d7e0: 0a31 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .1 \n+0001d7f0: 3032 0a32 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 02.2 \n+0001d800: 2020 3034 0a33 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 04.3 \n+0001d810: 2020 2020 3038 0a34 2020 2020 2020 2020 08.4 \n+0001d820: 2020 2020 2020 3130 0a35 2020 2020 2020 10.5 \n+0001d830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3230 0a36 2020 2020 20.6 \n+0001d840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3430 0a37 2020 40.7 \n+0001d850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3830 0a0a 80..\n+0001d860: 2020 2030 7834 3720 6973 2064 6563 696d 0x47 is decim\n+0001d870: 616c 2037 312e 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 6e76 al 71. Linux nv\n+0001d880: 7261 6d20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 ram implementati\n+0001d890: 6f6e 2063 7574 7320 6669 7273 7420 3134 on cuts first 14\n+0001d8a0: 2062 7974 6573 0a6f 6620 434d 4f53 2e20 bytes.of CMOS. \n+0001d8b0: 536f 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c20 6279 7465 So the real byte\n+0001d8c0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 address in CMOS\n+0001d8d0: 2069 7320 3731 2b31 343d 3835 2053 6f20 is 71+14=85 So \n+0001d8e0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a61 6464 7265 7373 complete.address\n+0001d8f0: 2069 7320 3835 3a33 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 is 85:3....File\n+0001d900: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0001d910: 6465 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 204e 6578 de: Images, Nex\n+0001d920: 743a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 t: Core image si\n+0001d930: 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 ze limitation, \n+0001d940: 5072 6576 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 Prev: Vendor pow\n+0001d950: 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 2055 703a er-on keys, Up:\n+0001d960: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3131 2047 5255 4220 696d Top..11 GRUB im\n+0001d970: 6167 6520 6669 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a age files.******\n+0001d980: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 *************..G\n+0001d990: 5255 4220 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 RUB consists of \n+0001d9a0: 7365 7665 7261 6c20 696d 6167 6573 3a20 several images: \n+0001d9b0: 6120 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2062 6f6f a variety of boo\n+0001d9c0: 7473 7472 6170 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f tstrap images fo\n+0001d9d0: 720a 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 r.starting GRUB \n+0001d9e0: 696e 2076 6172 696f 7573 2077 6179 732c in various ways,\n+0001d9f0: 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652c a kernel image,\n+0001da00: 2061 6e64 2061 2073 6574 206f 6620 6d6f and a set of mo\n+0001da10: 6475 6c65 730a 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 dules.which are \n+0001da20: 636f 6d62 696e 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 combined with th\n+0001da30: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2074 e kernel image t\n+0001da40: 6f20 666f 726d 2061 2063 6f72 6520 696d o form a core im\n+0001da50: 6167 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 730a 6120 age. Here is.a \n+0001da60: 7368 6f72 7420 6f76 6572 7669 6577 206f short overview o\n+0001da70: 6620 7468 656d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 626f 6f74 f them......boot\n+0001da80: 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 .img.... On \n+0001da90: 5043 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c PC BIOS systems,\n+0001daa0: 2074 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2074 this image is t\n+0001dab0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7420 6f66 he first part of\n+0001dac0: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2073 7461 7274 2e0a GRUB to start..\n+0001dad0: 2020 2020 2049 7420 6973 2077 7269 7474 It is writt\n+0001dae0: 656e 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 7374 6572 2062 en to a master b\n+0001daf0: 6f6f 7420 7265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 oot record (MBR)\n+0001db00: 206f 7220 746f 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 or to the boot \n+0001db10: 7365 6374 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2061 sector. of a\n+0001db20: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 6563 partition. Bec\n+0001db30: 6175 7365 2061 2050 4320 626f 6f74 2073 ause a PC boot s\n+0001db40: 6563 746f 7220 6973 2035 3132 2062 7974 ector is 512 byt\n+0001db50: 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f 660a es, the size of.\n+0001db60: 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 this image \n+0001db70: 6973 2065 7861 6374 6c79 2035 3132 2062 is exactly 512 b\n+0001db80: 7974 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ytes... The \n+0001db90: 736f 6c65 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 sole function of\n+0001dba0: 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...boot.img... \n+0001dbb0: 6973 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2074 6865 2066 is to read the f\n+0001dbc0: 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 irst sector of t\n+0001dbd0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7265 2069 6d61 he. core ima\n+0001dbe0: 6765 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6c6f 6361 6c20 ge from a local \n+0001dbf0: 6469 736b 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7020 746f disk and jump to\n+0001dc00: 2069 742e 2020 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 it. Because of\n+0001dc10: 2074 6865 2073 697a 650a 2020 2020 2072 the size. r\n+0001dc20: 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2c20 e280 9862 estriction, ...b\n+0001dc30: 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2063 616e 6e6f oot.img... canno\n+0001dc40: 7420 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2061 6e79 t understand any\n+0001dc50: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 file system. \n+0001dc60: 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 652c 2073 6f20 structure, so \n+0001dc70: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n+0001dc80: 8099 2068 6172 6463 6f64 6573 2074 6865 .. hardcodes the\n+0001dc90: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 location of the\n+0001dca0: 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6374 first. sect\n+0001dcb0: 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 or of the core i\n+0001dcc0: 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 6f20 e280 9862 6f6f mage into ...boo\n+0001dcd0: 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 696e t.img... when in\n+0001dce0: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 422e 0a0a stalling GRUB...\n+0001dcf0: e280 9864 6973 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 ...diskboot.img.\n+0001dd00: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 ... This ima\n+0001dd10: 6765 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 ge is used as th\n+0001dd20: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f e first sector o\n+0001dd30: 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 f the core image\n+0001dd40: 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 when. booti\n+0001dd50: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6861 7264 2064 ng from a hard d\n+0001dd60: 6973 6b2e 2020 4974 2072 6561 6473 2074 isk. It reads t\n+0001dd70: 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 he rest of the c\n+0001dd80: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e 746f 0a20 ore image into. \n+0001dd90: 2020 2020 6d65 6d6f 7279 2061 6e64 2073 memory and s\n+0001dda0: 7461 7274 7320 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c tarts the kernel\n+0001ddb0: 2e20 2053 696e 6365 2066 696c 6520 7379 . Since file sy\n+0001ddc0: 7374 656d 2068 616e 646c 696e 6720 6973 stem handling is\n+0001ddd0: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7965 7420 6176 not. yet av\n+0001dde0: 6169 6c61 626c 652c 2069 7420 656e 636f ailable, it enco\n+0001ddf0: 6465 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e des the location\n+0001de00: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 of the core ima\n+0001de10: 6765 2075 7369 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 ge using a. \n+0001de20: 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2066 6f72 6d61 block list forma\n+0001de30: 742e 0a0a e280 9863 6462 6f6f 742e 696d t......cdboot.im\n+0001de40: 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 g.... This i\n+0001de50: 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 7320 mage is used as \n+0001de60: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 the first sector\n+0001de70: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 of the core ima\n+0001de80: 6765 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f ge when. boo\n+0001de90: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 ting from a CD-R\n+0001dea0: 4f4d 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2049 7420 7065 OM drive. It pe\n+0001deb0: 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2073 696d 696c 6172 rforms a similar\n+0001dec0: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 function to. \n+0001ded0: 2020 e280 9864 6973 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d ...diskboot.im\n+0001dee0: 67e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7078 6562 6f6f g.........pxeboo\n+0001def0: 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 t.img.... Th\n+0001df00: 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7573 6564 is image is used\n+0001df10: 2061 7320 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 as the start of\n+0001df20: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n+0001df30: 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f when booting fro\n+0001df40: 6d0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f m. the netwo\n+0001df50: 726b 2075 7369 6e67 2050 5845 2e20 2a4e rk using PXE. *N\n+0001df60: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n+0001df70: e280 986c 6e78 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ...lnxboot.img..\n+0001df80: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 .. This imag\n+0001df90: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 e may be placed \n+0001dfa0: 6174 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 at the start of \n+0001dfb0: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 the core image i\n+0001dfc0: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 n order to. \n+0001dfd0: 6d61 6b65 2047 5255 4220 6c6f 6f6b 2065 make GRUB look e\n+0001dfe0: 6e6f 7567 6820 6c69 6b65 2061 204c 696e nough like a Lin\n+0001dff0: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7468 6174 2069 ux kernel that i\n+0001e000: 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 t can be booted \n+0001e010: 6279 0a20 2020 2020 4c49 4c4f 2075 7369 by. LILO usi\n+0001e020: 6e67 2061 6e20 e280 9869 6d61 6765 3de2 ng an ...image=.\n+0001e030: 8099 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 .. section......\n+0001e040: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 kernel.img.... \n+0001e050: 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 636f This image co\n+0001e060: 6e74 6169 6e73 2047 5255 4227 7320 6261 ntains GRUB's ba\n+0001e070: 7369 6320 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2066 6163 sic run-time fac\n+0001e080: 696c 6974 6965 733a 2066 7261 6d65 776f ilities: framewo\n+0001e090: 726b 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2064 6576 rks. for dev\n+0001e0a0: 6963 6520 616e 6420 6669 6c65 2068 616e ice and file han\n+0001e0b0: 646c 696e 672c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 dling, environme\n+0001e0c0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 7468 nt variables, th\n+0001e0d0: 6520 7265 7363 7565 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f e rescue. mo\n+0001e0e0: 6465 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 de command-line \n+0001e0f0: 7061 7273 6572 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f parser, and so o\n+0001e100: 6e2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7261 7265 6c79 n. It is rarely\n+0001e110: 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c0a used directly,.\n+0001e120: 2020 2020 2062 7574 2069 7320 6275 696c but is buil\n+0001e130: 7420 696e 746f 2061 6c6c 2063 6f72 6520 t into all core \n+0001e140: 696d 6167 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 636f 7265 images......core\n+0001e150: 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 .img.... Thi\n+0001e160: 7320 6973 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d s is the core im\n+0001e170: 6167 6520 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2049 7420 age of GRUB. It \n+0001e180: 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2064 796e 616d 6963 is built dynamic\n+0001e190: 616c 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 ally from the. \n+0001e1a0: 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 kernel image \n+0001e1b0: 616e 6420 616e 2061 7262 6974 7261 7279 and an arbitrary\n+0001e1c0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 756c 6573 list of modules\n+0001e1d0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d by the ...grub-\n+0001e1e0: 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 mkimage.... \n+0001e1f0: 7072 6f67 7261 6d2e 2020 5573 7561 6c6c program. Usuall\n+0001e200: 792c 2069 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2065 y, it contains e\n+0001e210: 6e6f 7567 6820 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 746f nough modules to\n+0001e220: 2061 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 access. ...\n+0001e230: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992c 2061 /boot/grub..., a\n+0001e240: 6e64 206c 6f61 6473 2065 7665 7279 7468 nd loads everyth\n+0001e250: 696e 6720 656c 7365 2028 696e 636c 7564 ing else (includ\n+0001e260: 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 2068 616e 646c 696e ing menu handlin\n+0001e270: 672c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6162 696c g,. the abil\n+0001e280: 6974 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 7461 7267 ity to load targ\n+0001e290: 6574 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 et operating sys\n+0001e2a0: 7465 6d73 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e29 tems, and so on)\n+0001e2b0: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 from the. f\n+0001e2c0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2061 7420 7275 ile system at ru\n+0001e2d0: 6e2d 7469 6d65 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6f64 n-time. The mod\n+0001e2e0: 756c 6172 2064 6573 6967 6e20 616c 6c6f ular design allo\n+0001e2f0: 7773 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 ws the core imag\n+0001e300: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6265 206b 6570 e. to be kep\n+0001e310: 7420 736d 616c 6c2c 2073 696e 6365 2074 t small, since t\n+0001e320: 6865 2061 7265 6173 206f 6620 6469 736b he areas of disk\n+0001e330: 2077 6865 7265 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 where it must b\n+0001e340: 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 e. installed\n+0001e350: 2061 7265 206f 6674 656e 2061 7320 736d are often as sm\n+0001e360: 616c 6c20 6173 2033 324b 422e 0a0a 2020 all as 32KB... \n+0001e370: 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e *Note BIOS in\n+0001e380: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2c20 666f stallation::, fo\n+0001e390: 7220 6465 7461 696c 7320 6f6e 2077 6865 r details on whe\n+0001e3a0: 7265 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 re the core imag\n+0001e3b0: 6520 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6520 696e e can. be in\n+0001e3c0: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 7379 stalled on PC sy\n+0001e3d0: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a e280 982a 2e6d 6f64 stems......*.mod\n+0001e3e0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2045 7665 7279 7468 .... Everyth\n+0001e3f0: 696e 6720 656c 7365 2069 6e20 4752 5542 ing else in GRUB\n+0001e400: 2072 6573 6964 6573 2069 6e20 6479 6e61 resides in dyna\n+0001e410: 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 mically loadable\n+0001e420: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 modules.. T\n+0001e430: 6865 7365 2061 7265 206f 6674 656e 206c hese are often l\n+0001e440: 6f61 6465 6420 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 oaded automatica\n+0001e450: 6c6c 792c 206f 7220 6275 696c 7420 696e lly, or built in\n+0001e460: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 to the core imag\n+0001e470: 650a 2020 2020 2069 6620 7468 6579 2061 e. if they a\n+0001e480: 7265 2065 7373 656e 7469 616c 2c20 6275 re essential, bu\n+0001e490: 7420 6d61 7920 616c 736f 2062 6520 6c6f t may also be lo\n+0001e4a0: 6164 6564 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 7573 aded manually us\n+0001e4b0: 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ing the. ...\n+0001e4c0: 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e insmod... comman\n+0001e4d0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a d (*note insmod:\n+0001e4e0: 3a29 2e0a 0a46 6f72 2047 5255 4220 4c65 :)...For GRUB Le\n+0001e4f0: 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d gacy users.=====\n+0001e500: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0001e510: 0a0a 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 2061 2064 ..GRUB 2 has a d\n+0001e520: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2064 6573 6967 6e20 ifferent design \n+0001e530: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 from GRUB Legacy\n+0001e540: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 2063 6f72 7265 7370 , and so corresp\n+0001e550: 6f6e 6465 6e63 6573 0a77 6974 6820 7468 ondences.with th\n+0001e560: 6520 696d 6167 6573 2069 7420 7573 6564 e images it used\n+0001e570: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 2065 7861 6374 cannot be exact\n+0001e580: 2e20 204e 6576 6572 7468 656c 6573 732c . Nevertheless,\n+0001e590: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 0a75 7365 GRUB Legacy.use\n+0001e5a0: 7273 206f 6674 656e 2061 736b 2071 7565 rs often ask que\n+0001e5b0: 7374 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7465 stions in the te\n+0001e5c0: 726d 7320 7468 6579 2061 7265 2066 616d rms they are fam\n+0001e5d0: 696c 6961 7220 7769 7468 2c20 616e 6420 iliar with, and \n+0001e5e0: 736f 0a68 6572 6520 6973 2061 2062 7269 so.here is a bri\n+0001e5f0: 6566 2067 7569 6465 2074 6f20 686f 7720 ef guide to how \n+0001e600: 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 6d61 6765 7320 GRUB 2's images \n+0001e610: 7265 6c61 7465 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2e0a relate to that..\n+0001e620: 0ae2 8098 7374 6167 6531 e280 990a 2020 ....stage1.... \n+0001e630: 2020 2053 7461 6765 2031 2066 726f 6d20 Stage 1 from \n+0001e640: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 7761 7320 GRUB Legacy was \n+0001e650: 7665 7279 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 very similar to \n+0001e660: e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 ...boot.img... i\n+0001e670: 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 n GRUB 2,. a\n+0001e680: 6e64 2074 6865 7920 7365 7276 6520 7468 nd they serve th\n+0001e690: 6520 7361 6d65 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2e e same function.\n+0001e6a0: 0a0a e280 982a 5f73 7461 6765 315f 35e2 .....*_stage1_5.\n+0001e6b0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 ... In GRUB \n+0001e6c0: 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 5374 6167 6520 312e Legacy, Stage 1.\n+0001e6d0: 3527 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 5's function was\n+0001e6e0: 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 656e 6f75 to include enou\n+0001e6f0: 6768 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 gh. filesyst\n+0001e700: 656d 2063 6f64 6520 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 em code to allow\n+0001e710: 2074 6865 206d 7563 6820 6c61 7267 6572 the much larger\n+0001e720: 2053 7461 6765 2032 2074 6f20 6265 2072 Stage 2 to be r\n+0001e730: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 ead from an. \n+0001e740: 206f 7264 696e 6172 7920 6669 6c65 7379 ordinary filesy\n+0001e750: 7374 656d 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2072 stem. In this r\n+0001e760: 6573 7065 6374 2c20 6974 7320 6675 6e63 espect, its func\n+0001e770: 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 696d 696c 6172 tion was similar\n+0001e780: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 7265 to. ...core\n+0001e790: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 4220 .img... in GRUB \n+0001e7a0: 322e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 20e2 8098 2. However, ...\n+0001e7b0: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6973 206d core.img... is m\n+0001e7c0: 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 2063 6170 6162 6c65 uch more capable\n+0001e7d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 616e 2053 7461 6765 . than Stage\n+0001e7e0: 2031 2e35 2077 6173 3b20 7369 6e63 6520 1.5 was; since \n+0001e7f0: 6974 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 it offers a resc\n+0001e800: 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 6974 2069 7320 ue shell, it is \n+0001e810: 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2070 sometimes. p\n+0001e820: 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 6563 6f76 ossible to recov\n+0001e830: 6572 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 696e 2074 er manually in t\n+0001e840: 6865 2065 7665 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6974 he event that it\n+0001e850: 2069 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6c6f is unable to lo\n+0001e860: 6164 0a20 2020 2020 616e 7920 6f74 6865 ad. any othe\n+0001e870: 7220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2066 6f72 2065 r modules, for e\n+0001e880: 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 6620 7061 7274 6974 xample if partit\n+0001e890: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6861 7665 ion numbers have\n+0001e8a0: 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 changed.. .\n+0001e8b0: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6973 ..core.img... is\n+0001e8c0: 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e20 6120 6d6f 7265 built in a more\n+0001e8d0: 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 7761 792c 2061 flexible way, a\n+0001e8e0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 4752 5542 2032 2074 llowing GRUB 2 t\n+0001e8f0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2072 o. support r\n+0001e900: 6561 6469 6e67 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 eading modules f\n+0001e910: 726f 6d20 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2064 6973 rom advanced dis\n+0001e920: 6b20 7479 7065 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 k types such as \n+0001e930: 4c56 4d20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2052 4149 LVM and. RAI\n+0001e940: 442e 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 4c65 D... GRUB Le\n+0001e950: 6761 6379 2063 6f75 6c64 2072 756e 2077 gacy could run w\n+0001e960: 6974 6820 6f6e 6c79 2053 7461 6765 2031 ith only Stage 1\n+0001e970: 2061 6e64 2053 7461 6765 2032 2069 6e20 and Stage 2 in \n+0001e980: 736f 6d65 206c 696d 6974 6564 0a20 2020 some limited. \n+0001e990: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 configurations\n+0001e9a0: 2c20 7768 696c 6520 4752 5542 2032 2072 , while GRUB 2 r\n+0001e9b0: 6571 7569 7265 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e equires ...core.\n+0001e9c0: 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 2063 616e 6e6f img... and canno\n+0001e9d0: 7420 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 t work. with\n+0001e9e0: 6f75 7420 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7374 6167 out it......stag\n+0001e9f0: 6532 e280 990a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 e2.... GRUB \n+0001ea00: 3220 6861 7320 6e6f 2073 696e 676c 6520 2 has no single \n+0001ea10: 5374 6167 6520 3220 696d 6167 652e 2020 Stage 2 image. \n+0001ea20: 496e 7374 6561 642c 2069 7420 6c6f 6164 Instead, it load\n+0001ea30: 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 0a20 s modules from. \n+0001ea40: 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 .../boot/gru\n+0001ea50: 62e2 8099 2061 7420 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 b... at run-time\n+0001ea60: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7374 6167 6532 5f65 6c74 ......stage2_elt\n+0001ea70: 6f72 6974 6fe2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e orito.... In\n+0001ea80: 2047 5255 4220 322c 2069 6d61 6765 7320 GRUB 2, images \n+0001ea90: 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d for booting from\n+0001eaa0: 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6472 6976 6573 2061 CD-ROM drives a\n+0001eab0: 7265 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 re now. cons\n+0001eac0: 7472 7563 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 e280 tructed using ..\n+0001ead0: 9863 6462 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 .cdboot.img... a\n+0001eae0: 6e64 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 nd ...core.img..\n+0001eaf0: 992c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 ., making sure t\n+0001eb00: 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 hat the. cor\n+0001eb10: 6520 696d 6167 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 e image contains\n+0001eb20: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6973 6f39 3636 30e2 the ...iso9660.\n+0001eb30: 8099 206d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 4974 2069 .. module. It i\n+0001eb40: 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 s usually best t\n+0001eb50: 6f0a 2020 2020 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 o. use the .\n+0001eb60: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 ..grub-mkrescue.\n+0001eb70: 8099 2070 726f 6772 616d 2066 6f72 2074 .. program for t\n+0001eb80: 6869 732e 0a0a e280 986e 6267 7275 62e2 his......nbgrub.\n+0001eb90: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 ... There is\n+0001eba0: 2061 7320 7965 7420 6e6f 2065 7175 6976 as yet no equiv\n+0001ebb0: 616c 656e 7420 666f 7220 e280 986e 6267 alent for ...nbg\n+0001ebc0: 7275 62e2 8099 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 rub... in GRUB 2\n+0001ebd0: 3b20 6974 2077 6173 2075 7365 640a 2020 ; it was used. \n+0001ebe0: 2020 2062 7920 4574 6865 7262 6f6f 7420 by Etherboot \n+0001ebf0: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 206e and some other n\n+0001ec00: 6574 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 etwork boot load\n+0001ec10: 6572 732e 0a0a e280 9870 7865 6772 7562 ers......pxegrub\n+0001ec20: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 .... In GRUB\n+0001ec30: 2032 2c20 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2050 2, images for P\n+0001ec40: 5845 206e 6574 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7469 XE network booti\n+0001ec50: 6e67 2061 7265 206e 6f77 2063 6f6e 7374 ng are now const\n+0001ec60: 7275 6374 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 ructed using. \n+0001ec70: 2020 e280 9870 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 ...pxeboot.img\n+0001ec80: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9863 6f72 652e ... and ...core.\n+0001ec90: 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 img..., making s\n+0001eca0: 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 2063 6f72 ure that the cor\n+0001ecb0: 6520 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e e image. con\n+0001ecc0: 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 e280 9870 7865 tains the ...pxe\n+0001ecd0: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9870 7865 636d ... and ...pxecm\n+0001ece0: 64e2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 202a d... modules. *\n+0001ecf0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+0001ed00: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0001ed10: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f72 6520 fo, Node: Core \n+0001ed20: 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 image size limit\n+0001ed30: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 ation, Next: Fi\n+0001ed40: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a lesystem, Prev:\n+0001ed50: 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f Images, Up: To\n+0001ed60: 700a 0a31 3220 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 p..12 Core image\n+0001ed70: 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e size limitation\n+0001ed80: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+0001ed90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+0001eda0: 4865 6176 696c 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 Heavily limited \n+0001edb0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 733a 0a20 2020 e280 platforms:. ..\n+0001edc0: a220 6933 3836 2d70 6320 286e 6f72 6d61 . i386-pc (norma\n+0001edd0: 6c20 616e 6420 5058 4529 3a20 7468 6520 l and PXE): the \n+0001ede0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 core image size \n+0001edf0: 2863 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 730a (compressed) is.\n+0001ee00: 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 limited by \n+0001ee10: 3435 3832 3430 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206b 458240 bytes. k\n+0001ee20: 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 ernel.img (.text\n+0001ee30: 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 732c + .data + .bss,\n+0001ee40: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 . uncompress\n+0001ee50: 6564 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 ed) is limited b\n+0001ee60: 7920 3339 3237 3034 2062 7974 6573 2e20 y 392704 bytes. \n+0001ee70: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 module size. \n+0001ee80: 2020 2875 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 (uncompressed)\n+0001ee90: 202b 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e + kernel.img (.\n+0001eea0: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2c20 756e text + .data, un\n+0001eeb0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 0a20 compressed) is. \n+0001eec0: 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 limited by t\n+0001eed0: 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7469 he size of conti\n+0001eee0: 6775 6f75 7320 6368 756e 6b20 6174 2031 guous chunk at 1\n+0001eef0: 4d20 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a20 2020 e280 M address.. ..\n+0001ef00: a220 7370 6172 6336 342d 6965 6565 3132 . sparc64-ieee12\n+0001ef10: 3735 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 75: kernel.img (\n+0001ef20: 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 .text + .data + \n+0001ef30: 2e62 7373 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 .bss) + modules \n+0001ef40: 2b0a 2020 2020 2032 3536 4b20 2873 7461 +. 256K (sta\n+0001ef50: 636b 2920 2b20 324d 2028 6865 6170 2920 ck) + 2M (heap) \n+0001ef60: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7370 is limited by sp\n+0001ef70: 6163 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6174 ace available at\n+0001ef80: 2030 7834 3430 302e 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 0x4400.. On\n+0001ef90: 206d 6f73 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 most platforms \n+0001efa0: 6974 2773 206a 7573 7420 3320 6f72 2034 it's just 3 or 4\n+0001efb0: 4d20 7369 6e63 6520 6965 6565 3132 3735 M since ieee1275\n+0001efc0: 206d 6170 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 6f0a 2020 maps only so. \n+0001efd0: 2020 206d 7563 682e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 much.. ... \n+0001efe0: 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 3237 353a 206b i386-ieee1275: k\n+0001eff0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 ernel.img (.text\n+0001f000: 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 7329 + .data + .bss)\n+0001f010: 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 730a 2020 + modules is. \n+0001f020: 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 6d65 limited by me\n+0001f030: 6d6f 7279 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 mory available a\n+0001f040: 7420 3078 3130 3030 302c 2061 7420 6d6f t 0x10000, at mo\n+0001f050: 7374 2035 3936 4b0a 0a20 2020 4c69 6768 st 596K.. Ligh\n+0001f060: 746c 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 706c 6174 tly limited plat\n+0001f070: 666f 726d 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 202a forms:.. ... *\n+0001f080: 2d78 656e 3a20 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6f6e -xen: limited on\n+0001f090: 6c79 2062 7920 6164 7265 7373 2073 7061 ly by adress spa\n+0001f0a0: 6365 2061 6e64 2052 414d 2073 697a 652e ce and RAM size.\n+0001f0b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d71 656d . ... i386-qem\n+0001f0c0: 753a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e u: kernel.img (.\n+0001f0d0: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e text + .data + .\n+0001f0e0: 6273 7329 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 bss) is limited \n+0001f0f0: 6279 2033 3932 3730 340a 2020 2020 2062 by 392704. b\n+0001f100: 7974 6573 2e20 2028 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 ytes. 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(\n+0001f370: 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 2920 .text + .data)) \n+0001f380: 2863 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 2064 (compressed) + d\n+0001f390: 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 7220 6973 206c ecompressor is l\n+0001f3a0: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 imited by the. \n+0001f3b0: 2020 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3830 space from 80\n+0001f3c0: 3230 3030 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 0a20 200000 forward. \n+0001f3d0: 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f ... mipsel-loo\n+0001f3e0: 6e67 736f 6e20 2846 6c61 7368 292c 206d ngson (Flash), m\n+0001f3f0: 6970 7328 656c 292d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 ips(el)-qemu_mip\n+0001f400: 7320 2846 6c61 7368 293a 206b 6572 6e65 s (Flash): kerne\n+0001f410: 6c2e 696d 670a 2020 2020 2028 2e74 6578 l.img. (.tex\n+0001f420: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 202b 206d 6f64 t + .data) + mod\n+0001f430: 756c 6573 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 ules is limited \n+0001f440: 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f by the space fro\n+0001f450: 6d20 3830 3230 3030 3030 0a20 2020 2020 m 80200000. \n+0001f460: 666f 7277 6172 6420 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 forward core.img\n+0001f470: 2028 6669 6e61 6c29 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 (final) is limi\n+0001f480: 7465 6420 6279 2066 6c61 7368 2073 697a ted by flash siz\n+0001f490: 6520 2835 3132 4b20 6f6e 2079 6565 6c6f e (512K on yeelo\n+0001f4a0: 6f6e 670a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2066 756c ong. and ful\n+0001f4b0: 6f6f 6f6e 6729 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 ooong). ... mi\n+0001f4c0: 7073 2d61 7263 3a20 6966 2075 6e63 6f6d ps-arc: if uncom\n+0001f4d0: 7072 6573 7365 643a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e pressed: kernel.\n+0001f4e0: 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 img (.text + .da\n+0001f4f0: 7461 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 ta) is limited b\n+0001f500: 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 y. the space\n+0001f510: 2066 726f 6d20 3862 6430 3030 3030 2066 from 8bd00000 f\n+0001f520: 6f72 7761 7264 206d 6f64 756c 6573 202b orward modules +\n+0001f530: 2064 756d 6d79 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 dummy decompres\n+0001f540: 736f 7220 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 sor is. limi\n+0001f550: 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 ted by the space\n+0001f560: 2066 726f 6d20 3862 6430 3030 3030 2062 from 8bd00000 b\n+0001f570: 6163 6b77 6172 6420 6966 2063 6f6d 7072 ackward if compr\n+0001f580: 6573 7365 643a 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e essed:. kern\n+0001f590: 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 el.img (.text + \n+0001f5a0: 2e64 6174 612c 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 .data, uncompres\n+0001f5b0: 7365 6429 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 sed) is limited \n+0001f5c0: 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 0a20 2020 by the space. \n+0001f5d0: 2020 6672 6f6d 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 from 8bd00000 \n+0001f5e0: 666f 7277 6172 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 forward modules \n+0001f5f0: 2875 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b (uncompressed) +\n+0001f600: 2028 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b0a 2020 2020 (modules +. \n+0001f610: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 kernel.img (.te\n+0001f620: 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2929 2028 636f xt + .data)) (co\n+0001f630: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2c20 616c 6967 6e65 mpressed, aligne\n+0001f640: 6420 746f 2031 4d29 202b 2031 4d0a 2020 d to 1M) + 1M. \n+0001f650: 2020 2028 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 (decompressor\n+0001f660: 202b 2073 6372 6174 6368 2073 7061 6365 + scratch space\n+0001f670: 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 ) is limited by \n+0001f680: 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 0a20 the space from. \n+0001f690: 2020 2020 3862 6430 3030 3030 2062 6163 8bd00000 bac\n+0001f6a0: 6b77 6172 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 2070 6f77 kward. ... pow\n+0001f6b0: 6572 7063 2d69 6565 6531 3237 353a 206b erpc-ieee1275: k\n+0001f6c0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 ernel.img (.text\n+0001f6d0: 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 7329 + .data + .bss)\n+0001f6e0: 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 730a 2020 + modules is. \n+0001f6f0: 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7370 limited by sp\n+0001f700: 6163 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6174 ace available at\n+0001f710: 2030 7832 3030 3030 300a 0a1f 0a46 696c 0x200000....Fil\n+0001f720: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0001f730: 6f64 653a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c ode: Filesystem,\n+0001f740: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 Next: Interfac\n+0001f750: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 7265 2069 e, Prev: Core i\n+0001f760: 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 mage size limita\n+0001f770: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a tion, Up: Top..\n+0001f780: 3133 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7379 13 Filesystem sy\n+0001f790: 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 2073 656d 616e 7469 ntax and semanti\n+0001f7a0: 6373 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a cs.*************\n 0001f7b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001f7c0: 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 7573 6573 2061 2073 *..GRUB uses a s\n-0001f7d0: 7065 6369 616c 2073 796e 7461 7820 666f pecial syntax fo\n-0001f7e0: 7220 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2064 6973 r specifying dis\n-0001f7f0: 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2077 6869 6368 2063 k drives which c\n-0001f800: 616e 2062 650a 6163 6365 7373 6564 2062 an be.accessed b\n-0001f810: 7920 4249 4f53 2e20 4265 6361 7573 6520 y BIOS. Because \n-0001f820: 6f66 2042 494f 5320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 of BIOS limitati\n-0001f830: 6f6e 732c 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 ons, GRUB cannot\n-0001f840: 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 0a62 6574 distinguish.bet\n-0001f850: 7765 656e 2049 4445 2c20 4553 4449 2c20 ween IDE, ESDI, \n-0001f860: 5343 5349 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 732e SCSI, or others.\n-0001f870: 2020 596f 7520 6d75 7374 206b 6e6f 7720 You must know \n-0001f880: 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2077 6869 6368 2042 yourself which B\n-0001f890: 494f 530a 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 6571 IOS.device is eq\n-0001f8a0: 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 7768 6963 uivalent to whic\n-0001f8b0: 6820 4f53 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4e6f h OS device. No\n-0001f8c0: 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6174 2077 696c rmally, that wil\n-0001f8d0: 6c20 6265 2063 6c65 6172 0a69 6620 796f l be clear.if yo\n-0001f8e0: 7520 7365 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 u see the files \n-0001f8f0: 696e 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6f72 2075 in a device or u\n-0001f900: 7365 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 se the command .\n-0001f910: 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ..search... (*no\n-0001f920: 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a2a te.search::)...*\n-0001f930: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4465 7669 6365 Menu:..* Device\n-0001f940: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 syntax:: \n-0001f950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 How to s\n-0001f960: 7065 6369 6679 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a2a pecify devices.*\n-0001f970: 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 File name synta\n-0001f980: 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 x:: H\n-0001f990: 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6669 ow to specify fi\n-0001f9a0: 6c65 730a 2a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 les.* Block list\n-0001f9b0: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 syntax:: \n-0001f9c0: 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 How to speci\n-0001f9d0: 6679 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7473 0a0a fy block lists..\n-0001f9e0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0001f9f0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 o, Node: Device\n-0001fa00: 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 syntax, Next: \n-0001fa10: 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 File name syntax\n-0001fa20: 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 , Up: Filesyste\n-0001fa30: 6d0a 0a31 332e 3120 486f 7720 746f 2073 m..13.1 How to s\n-0001fa40: 7065 6369 6679 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a3d pecify devices.=\n-0001fa50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001fa60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-0001fa70: 6465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 device syntax is\n-0001fa80: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n-0001fa90: 2020 2844 4556 4943 455b 2c50 4152 544d (DEVICE[,PARTM\n-0001faa0: 4150 2d4e 414d 4531 5041 5254 2d4e 554d AP-NAME1PART-NUM\n-0001fab0: 315b 2c50 4152 544d 4150 2d4e 414d 4532 1[,PARTMAP-NAME2\n-0001fac0: 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 325b 2c2e 2e2e 5d5d PART-NUM2[,...]]\n-0001fad0: 5d29 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 5b5d e280 9920 ]).. ...[]... \n-0001fae0: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 means the parame\n-0001faf0: 7465 7220 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c2e ter is optional.\n-0001fb00: 2020 4445 5649 4345 2064 6570 656e 6473 DEVICE depends\n-0001fb10: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6469 736b 0a64 7269 on the disk.dri\n-0001fb20: 7665 7220 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2042 494f ver in use. BIO\n-0001fb30: 5320 616e 6420 4546 4920 6469 736b 7320 S and EFI disks \n-0001fb40: 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 20e2 8098 6664 use either ...fd\n-0001fb50: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6864 e280 9920 ... or ...hd... \n-0001fb60: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 610a 6469 followed by a.di\n-0001fb70: 6769 742c 206c 696b 6520 e280 9866 6430 git, like ...fd0\n-0001fb80: e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 9863 64e2 8099 ..., or ...cd...\n-0001fb90: 2e20 2041 4843 492c 2050 4154 4120 2861 . AHCI, PATA (a\n-0001fba0: 7461 292c 2063 7279 7074 6f2c 2055 5342 ta), crypto, USB\n-0001fbb0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 206e 616d 650a 6f66 use the name.of\n-0001fbc0: 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 driver followed\n-0001fbd0: 2062 7920 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2e20 204d by a number. M\n-0001fbe0: 656d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2068 6f73 7420 emdisk and host \n-0001fbf0: 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 206f are limited to o\n-0001fc00: 6e65 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 736f 2069 ne.disk and so i\n-0001fc10: 7427 7320 7265 6665 7265 6420 6a75 7374 t's refered just\n-0001fc20: 2062 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 652e by driver name.\n-0001fc30: 2020 5241 4944 2028 6d64 292c 206f 6664 RAID (md), ofd\n-0001fc40: 6973 6b0a 2869 6565 6531 3237 3520 616e isk.(ieee1275 an\n-0001fc50: 6420 6e61 6e64 292c 204c 564d 2028 6c76 d nand), LVM (lv\n-0001fc60: 6d29 2c20 4c44 4d2c 2076 6972 7469 6f20 m), LDM, virtio \n-0001fc70: 2876 6473 6b29 2061 6e64 2061 7263 6469 (vdsk) and arcdi\n-0001fc80: 736b 2028 6172 6329 2075 7365 0a69 6e74 sk (arc) use.int\n-0001fc90: 7269 6e73 6963 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2064 rinsic name of d\n-0001fca0: 6973 6b20 7072 6566 6978 6564 2062 7920 isk prefixed by \n-0001fcb0: 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 652e 2020 4164 driver name. Ad\n-0001fcc0: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 206a 7573 740a ditionally just.\n-0001fcd0: 226e 616e 6422 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f \"nand\" refers to\n-0001fce0: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 616c 6961 7365 the disk aliase\n-0001fcf0: 6420 6173 2022 6e61 6e64 222e 2020 436f d as \"nand\". Co\n-0001fd00: 6e66 6c69 6374 7320 6172 6520 736f 6c76 nflicts are solv\n-0001fd10: 6564 2062 790a 7375 6666 6978 696e 6720 ed by.suffixing \n-0001fd20: 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6620 6e65 6365 a number if nece\n-0001fd30: 7373 6172 7279 2e20 2043 6f6d 6d61 7320 ssarry. Commas \n-0001fd40: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7363 6170 need to be escap\n-0001fd50: 6564 2e20 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a 7573 ed. Loopback.us\n-0001fd60: 6573 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 es whatever name\n-0001fd70: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6f20 e280 specified to ..\n-0001fd80: 986c 6f6f 7062 6163 6be2 8099 2063 6f6d .loopback... com\n-0001fd90: 6d61 6e64 2e20 2048 6f73 7464 6973 6b20 mand. Hostdisk \n-0001fda0: 7573 6573 206e 616d 6573 0a73 7065 6369 uses names.speci\n-0001fdb0: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6465 7669 6365 2e6d fied in device.m\n-0001fdc0: 6170 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 6974 ap as long as it\n-0001fdd0: 2773 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d 205b 's of the form [\n-0001fde0: 6668 635d 645b 302d 395d 2a20 6f72 0a68 fhc]d[0-9]* or.h\n-0001fdf0: 6f73 7464 6973 6b2f 3c4f 5320 4445 5649 ostdisk/. For crypto\n-0001fe10: 2061 6e64 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 2061 and RAID (md) a\n-0001fe20: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 dditionally you \n-0001fe30: 6361 6e20 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 6e74 can use.the synt\n-0001fe40: 6178 203c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 653e ax \n-0001fe50: 7575 6964 2f3c 7575 6964 3e2e 2020 466f uuid/. Fo\n-0001fe60: 7220 4c56 4d20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c r LVM additional\n-0001fe70: 6c79 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 ly you can use.t\n-0001fe80: 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 6c76 6d69 642f he syntax lvmid/\n-0001fe90: 3c76 6f6c 756d 652d 6772 6f75 702d 7575 /... (fd0). \n-0001fec0: 2020 2020 2868 6430 290a 2020 2020 2028 (hd0). (\n-0001fed0: 6364 290a 2020 2020 2028 6168 6369 3029 cd). (ahci0)\n-0001fee0: 0a20 2020 2020 2861 7461 3029 0a20 2020 . (ata0). \n-0001fef0: 2020 2863 7279 7074 6f30 290a 2020 2020 (crypto0). \n-0001ff00: 2028 7573 6230 290a 2020 2020 2028 6372 (usb0). (cr\n-0001ff10: 7970 746f 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 3637 yptouuid/1234567\n-0001ff20: 3839 6162 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 3637 89abcdef01234567\n-0001ff30: 3839 6162 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 2020 89abcdef0). \n-0001ff40: 286d 6475 7569 642f 3132 3334 3536 3738 (mduuid/12345678\n-0001ff50: 3961 6263 6465 6630 3132 3334 3536 3738 9abcdef012345678\n-0001ff60: 3961 6263 6465 6630 290a 2020 2020 2028 9abcdef0). (\n-0001ff70: 6c76 6d2f 7379 7374 656d 2d72 6f6f 7429 lvm/system-root)\n-0001ff80: 0a20 2020 2020 286c 766d 6964 2f46 3169 . (lvmid/F1i\n-0001ff90: 6b67 442d 3252 4553 2d33 3036 472d 696c kgD-2RES-306G-il\n-0001ffa0: 394d 2d37 6977 612d 344e 4b57 2d45 6256 9M-7iwa-4NKW-EbV\n-0001ffb0: 314e 562f 654c 4775 4351 2d4c 344b 612d 1NV/eLGuCQ-L4Ka-\n-0001ffc0: 5855 6752 2d73 6a74 4a2d 6666 6368 2d62 XUgR-sjtJ-ffch-b\n-0001ffd0: 616a 722d 6643 4e66 7a35 290a 2020 2020 ajr-fCNfz5). \n-0001ffe0: 2028 6d64 2f6d 7972 6169 6429 0a20 2020 (md/myraid). \n-0001fff0: 2020 286d 642f 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2869 (md/0). (i\n-00020000: 6565 6531 3237 352f 6469 736b 3229 0a20 eee1275/disk2). \n-00020010: 2020 2020 2869 6565 6531 3237 352f 2f70 (ieee1275//p\n-00020020: 6369 4031 665c 2c30 2f69 6465 4064 2f64 ci@1f\\,0/ide@d/d\n-00020030: 6973 6b40 3229 0a20 2020 2020 286e 616e isk@2). (nan\n-00020040: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 286d 656d 6469 736b d). (memdisk\n-00020050: 290a 2020 2020 2028 686f 7374 290a 2020 ). (host). \n-00020060: 2020 2028 6d79 6c6f 6f70 290a 2020 2020 (myloop). \n-00020070: 2028 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f2f 6465 762f (hostdisk//dev/\n-00020080: 7364 6129 0a0a 2020 2050 4152 542d 4e55 sda).. PART-NU\n-00020090: 4d20 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 6865 M represents the\n-000200a0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 partition numbe\n-000200b0: 7220 6f66 2044 4556 4943 452c 2073 7461 r of DEVICE, sta\n-000200c0: 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 0a6f 6e65 2e20 rting from.one. \n-000200d0: 2050 4152 544e 414d 4520 6973 206f 7074 PARTNAME is opt\n-000200e0: 696f 6e61 6c20 6275 7420 6973 2072 6563 ional but is rec\n-000200f0: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 2064 ommended since d\n-00020100: 6973 6b20 6d61 7920 6861 7665 0a73 6576 isk may have.sev\n-00020110: 6572 616c 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2070 eral top-level p\n-00020120: 6172 746d 6170 732e 2020 5370 6563 6966 artmaps. Specif\n-00020130: 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7264 2061 6e64 206c ying third and l\n-00020140: 6174 6572 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2079 ater component y\n-00020150: 6f75 0a63 616e 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f ou.can access to\n-00020160: 2073 7562 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a subpartitions..\n-00020170: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 20e2 . The syntax .\n-00020180: 8098 2868 6430 29e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 ..(hd0)... repre\n-00020190: 7365 6e74 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 sents using the \n-000201a0: 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b20 286f 7220 entire disk (or \n-000201b0: 7468 6520 4d42 5220 7768 656e 0a69 6e73 the MBR when.ins\n-000201c0: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 292c 2077 talling GRUB), w\n-000201d0: 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 hile the syntax \n-000201e0: e280 9828 6864 302c 3129 e280 9920 7265 ...(hd0,1)... re\n-000201f0: 7072 6573 656e 7473 2075 7369 6e67 2074 presents using t\n-00020200: 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 7469 he first.partiti\n-00020210: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b 2028 on of the disk (\n-00020220: 6f72 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 or the boot sect\n-00020230: 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 or of the partit\n-00020240: 696f 6e20 7768 656e 0a69 6e73 7461 6c6c ion when.install\n-00020250: 696e 6720 4752 5542 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 ing GRUB)... \n-00020260: 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 290a 2020 (hd0,msdos1). \n-00020270: 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 2c6d (hd0,msdos1,m\n-00020280: 7364 6f73 3529 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 sdos5). (hd0\n-00020290: 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c 6273 6433 290a 2020 ,msdos1,bsd3). \n-000202a0: 2020 2028 6864 302c 6e65 7462 7364 3129 (hd0,netbsd1)\n-000202b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 . (hd0,gpt1)\n-000202c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c31 2c33 290a . (hd0,1,3).\n-000202d0: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 6e61 626c . If you enabl\n-000202e0: 6564 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2073 ed the network s\n-000202f0: 7570 706f 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7370 6563 upport, the spec\n-00020300: 6961 6c20 6472 6976 6573 0ae2 8098 2850 ial drives....(P\n-00020310: 524f 544f 434f 4c5b 2c53 4552 5645 525d ROTOCOL[,SERVER]\n-00020320: 29e2 8099 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 6176 )... are also av\n-00020330: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 ailable. Suppor\n-00020340: 7465 6420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 7320 6172 ted protocols ar\n-00020350: 650a e280 9868 7474 70e2 8099 2061 6e64 e....http... and\n-00020360: 20e2 8098 7466 7470 e280 992e 2020 4966 ...tftp.... If\n-00020370: 2053 4552 5645 5220 6973 206f 6d69 7474 SERVER is omitt\n-00020380: 6564 2c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 ed, value of env\n-00020390: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000203a0: 650a e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 e....net_default\n-000203b0: 5f73 6572 7665 72e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 _server... is us\n-000203c0: 6564 2e20 2042 6566 6f72 6520 7573 696e ed. Before usin\n-000203d0: 6720 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 g the network dr\n-000203e0: 6976 652c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 740a 696e ive, you must.in\n-000203f0: 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2074 6865 206e 6574 itialize the net\n-00020400: 776f 726b 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 work. *Note Net\n-00020410: 776f 726b 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 work::, for more\n-00020420: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 information... \n-00020430: 2020 5768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 When using ...\n-00020440: 6874 7470 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7466 http... or ...tf\n-00020450: 7470 e280 992c 2070 6f72 7473 206f 7468 tp..., ports oth\n-00020460: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 e280 9838 30e2 8099 er than ...80...\n-00020470: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 can be specifie\n-00020480: 640a 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f 6c6f 6e20 d.using a colon \n-00020490: 28e2 8098 3ae2 8099 2920 6166 7465 7220 (...:...) after \n-000204a0: 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 546f the address. To\n-000204b0: 2061 766f 6964 2070 6172 7369 6e67 2063 avoid parsing c\n-000204c0: 6f6e 666c 6963 7473 2c20 7768 656e 0a75 onflicts, when.u\n-000204d0: 7369 6e67 2049 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 sing IPv6 addres\n-000204e0: 7365 7320 7769 7468 2063 7573 746f 6d20 ses with custom \n-000204f0: 706f 7274 732c 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 ports, the addre\n-00020500: 7373 6573 206d 7573 7420 6265 2065 6e63 sses must be enc\n-00020510: 6c6f 7365 640a 7769 7468 2073 7175 6172 losed.with squar\n-00020520: 6520 6272 6163 6b65 7473 2028 e280 985b e brackets (...[\n-00020530: 5de2 8099 292c 2061 7320 6973 2073 7461 ]...), as is sta\n-00020540: 6e64 6172 6420 7072 6163 7469 6365 2e0a ndard practice..\n-00020550: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 6772 7562 . (http,grub\n-00020560: 2e65 7861 6d70 6c65 2e63 6f6d 3a33 3133 .example.com:313\n-00020570: 3337 290a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c31 37). (http,1\n-00020580: 3932 2e30 2e32 2e31 3a33 3339 290a 2020 92.0.2.1:339). \n-00020590: 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c5b 3230 3031 3a64 (http,[2001:d\n-000205a0: 6238 3a3a 315d 3a31 3132 3335 290a 0a20 b8::1]:11235).. \n-000205b0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 6f6f 7420 4752 If you boot GR\n-000205c0: 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d UB from a CD-ROM\n-000205d0: 2c20 e280 9828 6364 29e2 8099 2069 7320 , ...(cd)... is \n-000205e0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 available. *Not\n-000205f0: 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 0a47 5255 4220 e Making a.GRUB \n-00020600: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a bootable CD-ROM:\n-00020610: 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a :, for details..\n-00020620: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00020630: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 696c 6520 fo, Node: File \n-00020640: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 4e65 name syntax, Ne\n-00020650: 7874 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 xt: Block list s\n-00020660: 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4465 yntax, Prev: De\n-00020670: 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5570 vice syntax, Up\n-00020680: 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 : Filesystem..13\n-00020690: 2e32 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 .2 How to specif\n-000206a0: 7920 6669 6c65 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d y files.========\n+0001f7c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 7573 6573 *****..GRUB uses\n+0001f7d0: 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2073 796e 7461 a special synta\n+0001f7e0: 7820 666f 7220 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 x for specifying\n+0001f7f0: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2077 6869 disk drives whi\n+0001f800: 6368 2063 616e 2062 650a 6163 6365 7373 ch can be.access\n+0001f810: 6564 2062 7920 4249 4f53 2e20 4265 6361 ed by BIOS. Beca\n+0001f820: 7573 6520 6f66 2042 494f 5320 6c69 6d69 use of BIOS limi\n+0001f830: 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2047 5255 4220 6361 tations, GRUB ca\n+0001f840: 6e6e 6f74 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 nnot distinguish\n+0001f850: 0a62 6574 7765 656e 2049 4445 2c20 4553 .between IDE, ES\n+0001f860: 4449 2c20 5343 5349 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 DI, SCSI, or oth\n+0001f870: 6572 732e 2020 596f 7520 6d75 7374 206b ers. You must k\n+0001f880: 6e6f 7720 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2077 6869 now yourself whi\n+0001f890: 6368 2042 494f 530a 6465 7669 6365 2069 ch BIOS.device i\n+0001f8a0: 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 s equivalent to \n+0001f8b0: 7768 6963 6820 4f53 2064 6576 6963 652e which OS device.\n+0001f8c0: 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6174 Normally, that\n+0001f8d0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6c65 6172 0a69 will be clear.i\n+0001f8e0: 6620 796f 7520 7365 6520 7468 6520 6669 f you see the fi\n+0001f8f0: 6c65 7320 696e 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 les in a device \n+0001f900: 6f72 2075 7365 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 or use the comma\n+0001f910: 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 nd ...search... \n+0001f920: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 (*note.search::)\n+0001f930: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4465 ...* Menu:..* De\n+0001f940: 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 vice syntax:: \n+0001f950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 How \n+0001f960: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2064 6576 6963 to specify devic\n+0001f970: 6573 0a2a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 es.* File name s\n+0001f980: 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 yntax:: \n+0001f990: 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 How to specif\n+0001f9a0: 7920 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 426c 6f63 6b20 y files.* Block \n+0001f9b0: 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 list syntax:: \n+0001f9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 How to s\n+0001f9d0: 7065 6369 6679 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 pecify block lis\n+0001f9e0: 7473 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ts....File: grub\n+0001f9f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 .info, Node: De\n+0001fa00: 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 4e65 vice syntax, Ne\n+0001fa10: 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 xt: File name sy\n+0001fa20: 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 ntax, Up: Files\n+0001fa30: 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3120 486f 7720 ystem..13.1 How \n+0001fa40: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2064 6576 6963 to specify devic\n+0001fa50: 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d es.=============\n+0001fa60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+0001fa70: 5468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 The device synta\n+0001fa80: 7820 6973 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a x is like this:.\n+0001fa90: 0a20 2020 2020 2844 4556 4943 455b 2c50 . (DEVICE[,P\n+0001faa0: 4152 544d 4150 2d4e 414d 4531 5041 5254 ARTMAP-NAME1PART\n+0001fab0: 2d4e 554d 315b 2c50 4152 544d 4150 2d4e -NUM1[,PARTMAP-N\n+0001fac0: 414d 4532 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 325b 2c2e AME2PART-NUM2[,.\n+0001fad0: 2e2e 5d5d 5d29 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 5b5d ..]]]).. ...[]\n+0001fae0: e280 9920 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7061 ... means the pa\n+0001faf0: 7261 6d65 7465 7220 6973 206f 7074 696f rameter is optio\n+0001fb00: 6e61 6c2e 2020 4445 5649 4345 2064 6570 nal. DEVICE dep\n+0001fb10: 656e 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6469 736b ends on the disk\n+0001fb20: 0a64 7269 7665 7220 696e 2075 7365 2e20 .driver in use. \n+0001fb30: 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 4546 4920 6469 BIOS and EFI di\n+0001fb40: 736b 7320 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 20e2 sks use either .\n+0001fb50: 8098 6664 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6864 ..fd... or ...hd\n+0001fb60: e280 9920 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 ... followed by \n+0001fb70: 610a 6469 6769 742c 206c 696b 6520 e280 a.digit, like ..\n+0001fb80: 9866 6430 e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 9863 .fd0..., or ...c\n+0001fb90: 64e2 8099 2e20 2041 4843 492c 2050 4154 d.... AHCI, PAT\n+0001fba0: 4120 2861 7461 292c 2063 7279 7074 6f2c A (ata), crypto,\n+0001fbb0: 2055 5342 2075 7365 2074 6865 206e 616d USB use the nam\n+0001fbc0: 650a 6f66 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 6c6c e.of driver foll\n+0001fbd0: 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 owed by a number\n+0001fbe0: 2e20 204d 656d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2068 . Memdisk and h\n+0001fbf0: 6f73 7420 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 ost are limited \n+0001fc00: 746f 206f 6e65 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 to one.disk and \n+0001fc10: 736f 2069 7427 7320 7265 6665 7265 6420 so it's refered \n+0001fc20: 6a75 7374 2062 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e just by driver n\n+0001fc30: 616d 652e 2020 5241 4944 2028 6d64 292c ame. RAID (md),\n+0001fc40: 206f 6664 6973 6b0a 2869 6565 6531 3237 ofdisk.(ieee127\n+0001fc50: 3520 616e 6420 6e61 6e64 292c 204c 564d 5 and nand), LVM\n+0001fc60: 2028 6c76 6d29 2c20 4c44 4d2c 2076 6972 (lvm), LDM, vir\n+0001fc70: 7469 6f20 2876 6473 6b29 2061 6e64 2061 tio (vdsk) and a\n+0001fc80: 7263 6469 736b 2028 6172 6329 2075 7365 rcdisk (arc) use\n+0001fc90: 0a69 6e74 7269 6e73 6963 206e 616d 6520 .intrinsic name \n+0001fca0: 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6566 6978 6564 of disk prefixed\n+0001fcb0: 2062 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 652e by driver name.\n+0001fcc0: 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 206a Additionally j\n+0001fcd0: 7573 740a 226e 616e 6422 2072 6566 6572 ust.\"nand\" refer\n+0001fce0: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 616c s to the disk al\n+0001fcf0: 6961 7365 6420 6173 2022 6e61 6e64 222e iased as \"nand\".\n+0001fd00: 2020 436f 6e66 6c69 6374 7320 6172 6520 Conflicts are \n+0001fd10: 736f 6c76 6564 2062 790a 7375 6666 6978 solved by.suffix\n+0001fd20: 696e 6720 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6620 ing a number if \n+0001fd30: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7279 2e20 2043 6f6d necessarry. Com\n+0001fd40: 6d61 7320 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 mas need to be e\n+0001fd50: 7363 6170 6564 2e20 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 scaped. Loopbac\n+0001fd60: 6b0a 7573 6573 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 k.uses whatever \n+0001fd70: 6e61 6d65 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 name specified t\n+0001fd80: 6f20 e280 986c 6f6f 7062 6163 6be2 8099 o ...loopback...\n+0001fd90: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2048 6f73 7464 command. Hostd\n+0001fda0: 6973 6b20 7573 6573 206e 616d 6573 0a73 isk uses names.s\n+0001fdb0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6465 7669 pecified in devi\n+0001fdc0: 6365 2e6d 6170 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 ce.map as long a\n+0001fdd0: 7320 6974 2773 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f s it's of the fo\n+0001fde0: 726d 205b 6668 635d 645b 302d 395d 2a20 rm [fhc]d[0-9]* \n+0001fdf0: 6f72 0a68 6f73 7464 6973 6b2f 3c4f 5320 or.hostdisk/. For cr\n+0001fe10: 7970 746f 2061 6e64 2052 4149 4420 286d ypto and RAID (m\n+0001fe20: 6429 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 d) additionally \n+0001fe30: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 7468 6520 you can use.the \n+0001fe40: 7379 6e74 6178 203c 6472 6976 6572 206e syntax uuid/.\n+0001fe60: 2020 466f 7220 4c56 4d20 6164 6469 7469 For LVM additi\n+0001fe70: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 onally you can u\n+0001fe80: 7365 0a74 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 6c76 se.the syntax lv\n+0001fe90: 6d69 642f 3c76 6f6c 756d 652d 6772 6f75 mid//... (fd\n+0001fec0: 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 290a 2020 0). (hd0). \n+0001fed0: 2020 2028 6364 290a 2020 2020 2028 6168 (cd). (ah\n+0001fee0: 6369 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2861 7461 3029 ci0). (ata0)\n+0001fef0: 0a20 2020 2020 2863 7279 7074 6f30 290a . (crypto0).\n+0001ff00: 2020 2020 2028 7573 6230 290a 2020 2020 (usb0). \n+0001ff10: 2028 6372 7970 746f 7575 6964 2f31 3233 (cryptouuid/123\n+0001ff20: 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 3031 3233 456789abcdef0123\n+0001ff30: 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 3029 0a20 456789abcdef0). \n+0001ff40: 2020 2020 286d 6475 7569 642f 3132 3334 (mduuid/1234\n+0001ff50: 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 3132 3334 56789abcdef01234\n+0001ff60: 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 290a 2020 56789abcdef0). \n+0001ff70: 2020 2028 6c76 6d2f 7379 7374 656d 2d72 (lvm/system-r\n+0001ff80: 6f6f 7429 0a20 2020 2020 286c 766d 6964 oot). (lvmid\n+0001ff90: 2f46 3169 6b67 442d 3252 4553 2d33 3036 /F1ikgD-2RES-306\n+0001ffa0: 472d 696c 394d 2d37 6977 612d 344e 4b57 G-il9M-7iwa-4NKW\n+0001ffb0: 2d45 6256 314e 562f 654c 4775 4351 2d4c -EbV1NV/eLGuCQ-L\n+0001ffc0: 344b 612d 5855 6752 2d73 6a74 4a2d 6666 4Ka-XUgR-sjtJ-ff\n+0001ffd0: 6368 2d62 616a 722d 6643 4e66 7a35 290a ch-bajr-fCNfz5).\n+0001ffe0: 2020 2020 2028 6d64 2f6d 7972 6169 6429 (md/myraid)\n+0001fff0: 0a20 2020 2020 286d 642f 3029 0a20 2020 . (md/0). \n+00020000: 2020 2869 6565 6531 3237 352f 6469 736b (ieee1275/disk\n+00020010: 3229 0a20 2020 2020 2869 6565 6531 3237 2). (ieee127\n+00020020: 352f 2f70 6369 4031 665c 2c30 2f69 6465 5//pci@1f\\,0/ide\n+00020030: 4064 2f64 6973 6b40 3229 0a20 2020 2020 @d/disk@2). \n+00020040: 286e 616e 6429 0a20 2020 2020 286d 656d (nand). (mem\n+00020050: 6469 736b 290a 2020 2020 2028 686f 7374 disk). (host\n+00020060: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d79 6c6f 6f70 290a ). (myloop).\n+00020070: 2020 2020 2028 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f2f (hostdisk//\n+00020080: 6465 762f 7364 6129 0a0a 2020 2050 4152 dev/sda).. PAR\n+00020090: 542d 4e55 4d20 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 T-NUM represents\n+000200a0: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e the partition n\n+000200b0: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2044 4556 4943 452c umber of DEVICE,\n+000200c0: 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 0a6f starting from.o\n+000200d0: 6e65 2e20 2050 4152 544e 414d 4520 6973 ne. PARTNAME is\n+000200e0: 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 6275 7420 6973 optional but is\n+000200f0: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e recommended sin\n+00020100: 6365 2064 6973 6b20 6d61 7920 6861 7665 ce disk may have\n+00020110: 0a73 6576 6572 616c 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 .several top-lev\n+00020120: 656c 2070 6172 746d 6170 732e 2020 5370 el partmaps. Sp\n+00020130: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7264 2061 ecifying third a\n+00020140: 6e64 206c 6174 6572 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 nd later compone\n+00020150: 6e74 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2061 6363 6573 nt you.can acces\n+00020160: 7320 746f 2073 7562 7061 7274 6974 696f s to subpartitio\n+00020170: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7379 6e74 ns... 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(hd0,msdo\n+00020280: 7331 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a20 2020 2020 s1,msdos5). \n+00020290: 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c 6273 6433 (hd0,msdos1,bsd3\n+000202a0: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6e65 7462 ). (hd0,netb\n+000202b0: 7364 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c67 sd1). (hd0,g\n+000202c0: 7074 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c31 pt1). (hd0,1\n+000202d0: 2c33 290a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 ,3).. If you e\n+000202e0: 6e61 626c 6564 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f nabled the netwo\n+000202f0: 726b 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 7468 6520 rk support, the \n+00020300: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6472 6976 6573 0ae2 special drives..\n+00020310: 8098 2850 524f 544f 434f 4c5b 2c53 4552 ..(PROTOCOL[,SER\n+00020320: 5645 525d 29e2 8099 2061 7265 2061 6c73 VER])... are als\n+00020330: 6f20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5375 o available. Su\n+00020340: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c pported protocol\n+00020350: 7320 6172 650a e280 9868 7474 70e2 8099 s are....http...\n+00020360: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7466 7470 e280 992e and ...tftp....\n+00020370: 2020 4966 2053 4552 5645 5220 6973 206f If SERVER is o\n+00020380: 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 mitted, value of\n+00020390: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000203a0: 6961 626c 650a e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 iable....net_def\n+000203b0: 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 72e2 8099 2069 ault_server... i\n+000203c0: 7320 7573 6564 2e20 2042 6566 6f72 6520 s used. 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When using\n+00020440: 20e2 8098 6874 7470 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 ...http... or .\n+00020450: 8098 7466 7470 e280 992c 2070 6f72 7473 ..tftp..., ports\n+00020460: 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 e280 9838 other than ...8\n+00020470: 30e2 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 0... can be spec\n+00020480: 6966 6965 640a 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f ified.using a co\n+00020490: 6c6f 6e20 28e2 8098 3ae2 8099 2920 6166 lon (...:...) af\n+000204a0: 7465 7220 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 732e ter the address.\n+000204b0: 2020 546f 2061 766f 6964 2070 6172 7369 To avoid parsi\n+000204c0: 6e67 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7473 2c20 7768 ng conflicts, wh\n+000204d0: 656e 0a75 7369 6e67 2049 5076 3620 6164 en.using IPv6 ad\n+000204e0: 6472 6573 7365 7320 7769 7468 2063 7573 dresses with cus\n+000204f0: 746f 6d20 706f 7274 732c 2074 6865 2061 tom ports, the a\n+00020500: 6464 7265 7373 6573 206d 7573 7420 6265 ddresses must be\n+00020510: 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 640a 7769 7468 2073 enclosed.with s\n+00020520: 7175 6172 6520 6272 6163 6b65 7473 2028 quare brackets (\n+00020530: e280 985b 5de2 8099 292c 2061 7320 6973 ...[]...), as is\n+00020540: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 7072 6163 7469 standard practi\n+00020550: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c ce... (http,\n+00020560: 6772 7562 2e65 7861 6d70 6c65 2e63 6f6d grub.example.com\n+00020570: 3a33 3133 3337 290a 2020 2020 2028 6874 :31337). (ht\n+00020580: 7470 2c31 3932 2e30 2e32 2e31 3a33 3339 tp,192.0.2.1:339\n+00020590: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c5b 3230 ). (http,[20\n+000205a0: 3031 3a64 6238 3a3a 315d 3a31 3132 3335 01:db8::1]:11235\n+000205b0: 290a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 6f6f ).. If you boo\n+000205c0: 7420 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 t GRUB from a CD\n+000205d0: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 e280 9828 6364 29e2 8099 -ROM, ...(cd)...\n+000205e0: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 is available. \n+000205f0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 0a47 *Note Making a.G\n+00020600: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d RUB bootable CD-\n+00020610: 524f 4d3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 ROM::, for detai\n+00020620: 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ls.....File: gru\n+00020630: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 b.info, Node: F\n+00020640: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c ile name syntax,\n+00020650: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 Next: Block li\n+00020660: 7374 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 st syntax, Prev\n+00020670: 3a20 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c : Device syntax,\n+00020680: 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Up: Filesystem\n+00020690: 0a0a 3133 2e32 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 ..13.2 How to sp\n+000206a0: 6563 6966 7920 6669 6c65 730a 3d3d 3d3d ecify files.====\n 000206b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000206c0: 3d0a 0a54 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f =..There are two\n-000206d0: 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 ways to specify\n-000206e0: 2066 696c 6573 2c20 6279 20e2 809c 6162 files, by ...ab\n-000206f0: 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 solute file name\n-00020700: e280 9d20 616e 6420 6279 0ae2 809c 626c ... and by....bl\n-00020710: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2020 ock list...... \n-00020720: 2041 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c An absolute fil\n-00020730: 6520 6e61 6d65 2072 6573 656d 626c 6573 e name resembles\n-00020740: 2061 2055 6e69 7820 6162 736f 6c75 7465 a Unix absolute\n-00020750: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 7573 696e file name, usin\n-00020760: 6720 e280 982f e280 990a 666f 7220 7468 g .../....for th\n-00020770: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7365 7061 e directory sepa\n-00020780: 7261 746f 7220 286e 6f74 20e2 8098 5ce2 rator (not ...\\.\n-00020790: 8099 2061 7320 696e 2044 4f53 292e 204f .. as in DOS). O\n-000207a0: 6e65 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 730a e280 ne example is...\n-000207b0: 9828 6864 302c 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 .(hd0,1)/boot/gr\n-000207c0: 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2e20 ub/grub.cfg.... \n-000207d0: 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 This means the \n-000207e0: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 file .../boot/gr\n-000207f0: 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 0a69 ub/grub.cfg....i\n-00020800: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 n the first part\n-00020810: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 ition of the fir\n-00020820: 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 st hard disk. I\n-00020830: 6620 796f 7520 6f6d 6974 2074 6865 2064 f you omit the d\n-00020840: 6576 6963 650a 6e61 6d65 2069 6e20 616e evice.name in an\n-00020850: 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e absolute file n\n-00020860: 616d 652c 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 ame, GRUB uses G\n-00020870: 5255 4227 7320 e280 9c72 6f6f 7420 6465 RUB's ...root de\n-00020880: 7669 6365 e280 9d0a 696d 706c 6963 6974 vice....implicit\n-00020890: 6c79 2e20 2053 6f20 6966 2079 6f75 2073 ly. So if you s\n-000208a0: 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 et the root devi\n-000208b0: 6365 2074 6f2c 2073 6179 2c20 e280 9828 ce to, say, ...(\n-000208c0: 6864 312c 3129 e280 9920 6279 2074 6865 hd1,1)... by the\n-000208d0: 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 7420 .command ...set \n-000208e0: 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 312c 3129 e280 9920 root=(hd1,1)... \n-000208f0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6574 3a3a 292c 2074 (*note set::), t\n-00020900: 6865 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 hen .../boot/ker\n-00020910: 6e65 6ce2 8099 2069 7320 7468 650a 7361 nel... is the.sa\n-00020920: 6d65 2061 7320 e280 9828 6864 312c 3129 me as ...(hd1,1)\n-00020930: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c e280 992e /boot/kernel....\n-00020940: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 5a46 5320 6669 6c65 .. On ZFS file\n-00020950: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 system the first\n-00020960: 2070 6174 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 path component \n-00020970: 6d75 7374 2062 650a 564f 4c55 4d45 e280 must be.VOLUME..\n-00020980: 9840 e280 995b 534e 4150 5348 4f54 5d2e .@...[SNAPSHOT].\n-00020990: 2020 536f 20e2 8098 2f72 6f6f 7476 6f6c So .../rootvol\n-000209a0: 4073 6e61 702d 3132 392f 626f 6f74 2f67 @snap-129/boot/g\n-000209b0: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 rub/grub.cfg... \n-000209c0: 7265 6665 7273 0a74 6f20 6669 6c65 20e2 refers.to file .\n-000209d0: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 ../boot/grub/gru\n-000209e0: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 736e 6170 b.cfg... in snap\n-000209f0: 7368 6f74 206f 6620 766f 6c75 6d65 20e2 shot of volume .\n-00020a00: 8098 726f 6f74 766f 6ce2 8099 2077 6974 ..rootvol... wit\n-00020a10: 6820 6e61 6d65 0ae2 8098 736e 6170 2d31 h name....snap-1\n-00020a20: 3239 e280 992e 2020 5472 6169 6c69 6e67 29.... Trailing\n-00020a30: 20e2 8098 40e2 8099 2061 6674 6572 2076 ...@... after v\n-00020a40: 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6d61 olume name is ma\n-00020a50: 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 6576 656e 2069 660a ndatory even if.\n-00020a60: 736e 6170 7368 6f74 206e 616d 6520 6973 snapshot name is\n-00020a70: 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c omitted.....Fil\n-00020a80: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00020a90: 6f64 653a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 ode: Block list \n-00020aa0: 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 syntax, Prev: F\n-00020ab0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c ile name syntax,\n-00020ac0: 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Up: Filesystem\n-00020ad0: 0a0a 3133 2e33 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 ..13.3 How to sp\n-00020ae0: 6563 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 ecify block list\n-00020af0: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+000206c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7265 2061 7265 =====..There are\n+000206d0: 2074 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 two ways to spe\n+000206e0: 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 2c20 6279 20e2 cify files, by .\n+000206f0: 809c 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 ..absolute file \n+00020700: 6e61 6d65 e280 9d20 616e 6420 6279 0ae2 name... and by..\n+00020710: 809c 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 e280 9d2e ..block list....\n+00020720: 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 .. An absolute\n+00020730: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2072 6573 656d file name resem\n+00020740: 626c 6573 2061 2055 6e69 7820 6162 736f bles a Unix abso\n+00020750: 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 lute file name, \n+00020760: 7573 696e 6720 e280 982f e280 990a 666f using .../....fo\n+00020770: 7220 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 r the directory \n+00020780: 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 286e 6f74 20e2 separator (not .\n+00020790: 8098 5ce2 8099 2061 7320 696e 2044 4f53 ..\\... as in DOS\n+000207a0: 292e 204f 6e65 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 ). One example i\n+000207b0: 730a e280 9828 6864 302c 3129 2f62 6f6f s....(hd0,1)/boo\n+000207c0: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 t/grub/grub.cfg.\n+000207d0: 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 ... This means \n+000207e0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f the file .../boo\n+000207f0: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 t/grub/grub.cfg.\n+00020800: 8099 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ...in the first \n+00020810: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 partition of the\n+00020820: 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b first hard disk\n+00020830: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6f6d 6974 2074 . If you omit t\n+00020840: 6865 2064 6576 6963 650a 6e61 6d65 2069 he device.name i\n+00020850: 6e20 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 n an absolute fi\n+00020860: 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2047 5255 4220 7573 le name, GRUB us\n+00020870: 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 e280 9c72 6f6f es GRUB's ...roo\n+00020880: 7420 6465 7669 6365 e280 9d0a 696d 706c t device....impl\n+00020890: 6963 6974 6c79 2e20 2053 6f20 6966 2079 icitly. So if y\n+000208a0: 6f75 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 ou set the root \n+000208b0: 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f2c 2073 6179 2c20 device to, say, \n+000208c0: e280 9828 6864 312c 3129 e280 9920 6279 ...(hd1,1)... by\n+000208d0: 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 the.command ...\n+000208e0: 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 312c 3129 set root=(hd1,1)\n+000208f0: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6574 3a3a ... (*note set::\n+00020900: 292c 2074 6865 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 ), then .../boot\n+00020910: 2f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 2069 7320 7468 /kernel... is th\n+00020920: 650a 7361 6d65 2061 7320 e280 9828 6864 e.same as ...(hd\n+00020930: 312c 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 1,1)/boot/kernel\n+00020940: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 5a46 5320 ...... On ZFS \n+00020950: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 6865 2066 filesystem the f\n+00020960: 6972 7374 2070 6174 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e irst path compon\n+00020970: 656e 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 564f 4c55 ent must be.VOLU\n+00020980: 4d45 e280 9840 e280 995b 534e 4150 5348 ME...@...[SNAPSH\n+00020990: 4f54 5d2e 2020 536f 20e2 8098 2f72 6f6f OT]. So .../roo\n+000209a0: 7476 6f6c 4073 6e61 702d 3132 392f 626f tvol@snap-129/bo\n+000209b0: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n+000209c0: e280 9920 7265 6665 7273 0a74 6f20 6669 ... refers.to fi\n+000209d0: 6c65 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 le .../boot/grub\n+000209e0: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 /grub.cfg... in \n+000209f0: 736e 6170 7368 6f74 206f 6620 766f 6c75 snapshot of volu\n+00020a00: 6d65 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 766f 6ce2 8099 me ...rootvol...\n+00020a10: 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 0ae2 8098 736e with name....sn\n+00020a20: 6170 2d31 3239 e280 992e 2020 5472 6169 ap-129.... Trai\n+00020a30: 6c69 6e67 20e2 8098 40e2 8099 2061 6674 ling ...@... aft\n+00020a40: 6572 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 2069 er volume name i\n+00020a50: 7320 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 6576 656e s mandatory even\n+00020a60: 2069 660a 736e 6170 7368 6f74 206e 616d if.snapshot nam\n+00020a70: 6520 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2e0a 0a1f e is omitted....\n+00020a80: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00020a90: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c , Node: Block l\n+00020aa0: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 ist syntax, Pre\n+00020ab0: 763a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e v: File name syn\n+00020ac0: 7461 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 tax, Up: Filesy\n+00020ad0: 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 2e33 2048 6f77 2074 stem..13.3 How t\n+00020ae0: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 o specify block \n+00020af0: 6c69 7374 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d lists.==========\n 00020b00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020b10: 3d0a 0a41 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 =..A block list \n-00020b20: 6973 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7370 6563 is used for spec\n-00020b30: 6966 7969 6e67 2061 2066 696c 6520 7468 ifying a file th\n-00020b40: 6174 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2061 7070 6561 at doesn't appea\n-00020b50: 7220 696e 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6573 7973 r in the.filesys\n-00020b60: 7465 6d2c 206c 696b 6520 6120 6368 6169 tem, like a chai\n-00020b70: 6e6c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 5468 6520 7379 nloader. The sy\n-00020b80: 6e74 6178 2069 730a e280 985b 4f46 4653 ntax is....[OFFS\n-00020b90: 4554 5d2b 5b4c 454e 4754 485d 5b2c 5b4f ET]+[LENGTH][,[O\n-00020ba0: 4646 5345 545d 2b5b 4c45 4e47 5448 5d5d FFSET]+[LENGTH]]\n-00020bb0: 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 ....... Here is\n-00020bc0: 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 an example:.. \n-00020bd0: 2020 2030 2b31 3030 2c32 3030 2b31 2c33 0+100,200+1,3\n-00020be0: 3030 2b33 3030 2c38 3030 2b0a 0a20 2020 00+300,800+.. \n-00020bf0: 5468 6973 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 This represents \n-00020c00: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 that GRUB should\n-00020c10: 2072 6561 6420 626c 6f63 6b73 2030 2074 read blocks 0 t\n-00020c20: 6872 6f75 6768 2039 392c 2062 6c6f 636b hrough 99, block\n-00020c30: 2032 3030 2c0a 626c 6f63 6b73 2033 3030 200,.blocks 300\n-00020c40: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2035 3939 2c20 616e through 599, an\n-00020c50: 6420 626c 6f63 6b73 2038 3030 2075 6e74 d blocks 800 unt\n-00020c60: 696c 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 il the end of th\n-00020c70: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2049 660a 796f e device. If.yo\n-00020c80: 7520 6f6d 6974 2061 6e20 6f66 6673 6574 u omit an offset\n-00020c90: 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 , then GRUB assu\n-00020ca0: 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 2069 mes the offset i\n-00020cb0: 7320 7a65 726f 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 s zero. If the \n-00020cc0: 6c65 6e67 7468 0a69 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 length.is omitte\n-00020cd0: 642c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2061 7373 d, then GRUB ass\n-00020ce0: 756d 6573 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 206c umes the block l\n-00020cf0: 6973 7420 6578 7465 6e64 7320 756e 7469 ist extends unti\n-00020d00: 6c20 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 0a74 6865 l the end of.the\n-00020d10: 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 204c 696b device... Lik\n-00020d20: 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 e the file name \n-00020d30: 7379 6e74 6178 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 syntax (*note Fi\n-00020d40: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a le name syntax::\n-00020d50: 292c 2069 6620 6120 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 ), if a blocklis\n-00020d60: 740a 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 t.does not conta\n-00020d70: 696e 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 in a device name\n-00020d80: 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 , then GRUB uses\n-00020d90: 2047 5255 4227 7320 e280 9c72 6f6f 7420 GRUB's ...root \n-00020da0: 6465 7669 6365 e280 9d2e 2020 536f 0ae2 device.... So..\n-00020db0: 8098 2868 6430 2c32 292b 31e2 8099 2069 ..(hd0,2)+1... i\n-00020dc0: 7320 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 e280 s the same as ..\n-00020dd0: 982b 31e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 .+1... when the \n-00020de0: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 20e2 root device is .\n-00020df0: 8098 2868 6430 2c32 29e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f ..(hd0,2).......\n-00020e00: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00020e10: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 , Node: Interfa\n-00020e20: 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2045 6e76 6972 ce, Next: Envir\n-00020e30: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 onment, Prev: F\n-00020e40: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 ilesystem, Up: \n-00020e50: 546f 700a 0a31 3420 4752 5542 2773 2075 Top..14 GRUB's u\n-00020e60: 7365 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a2a ser interface.**\n-00020e70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00020e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 6173 ******..GRUB has\n-00020e90: 2062 6f74 6820 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 206d both a simple m\n-00020ea0: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 666f enu interface fo\n-00020eb0: 7220 6368 6f6f 7369 6e67 2070 7265 7365 r choosing prese\n-00020ec0: 7420 656e 7472 6965 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 t entries from a\n-00020ed0: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 .configuration f\n-00020ee0: 696c 652c 2061 6e64 2061 2068 6967 686c ile, and a highl\n-00020ef0: 7920 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 y flexible comma\n-00020f00: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 666f 7220 7065 7266 nd-line for perf\n-00020f10: 6f72 6d69 6e67 0a61 6e79 2064 6573 6972 orming.any desir\n-00020f20: 6564 2063 6f6d 6269 6e61 7469 6f6e 206f ed combination o\n-00020f30: 6620 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e f boot commands.\n-00020f40: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 6c6f 6f6b 7320 .. GRUB looks \n-00020f50: 666f 7220 6974 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 for its configur\n-00020f60: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2061 7320 736f ation file as so\n-00020f70: 6f6e 2061 7320 6974 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 on as it is load\n-00020f80: 6564 2e20 2049 660a 6f6e 6520 6973 2066 ed. 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Th\n+00020b80: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2069 730a e280 985b e syntax is....[\n+00020b90: 4f46 4653 4554 5d2b 5b4c 454e 4754 485d OFFSET]+[LENGTH]\n+00020ba0: 5b2c 5b4f 4646 5345 545d 2b5b 4c45 4e47 [,[OFFSET]+[LENG\n+00020bb0: 5448 5d5d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2048 6572 TH]]....... Her\n+00020bc0: 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 653a e is an example:\n+00020bd0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2030 2b31 3030 2c32 3030 .. 0+100,200\n+00020be0: 2b31 2c33 3030 2b33 3030 2c38 3030 2b0a +1,300+300,800+.\n+00020bf0: 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2072 6570 7265 7365 . 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Ki\n-00021520: 6c6c 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 6672 6f6d ll the text from\n-00021530: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2063 7572 the current cur\n-00021540: 736f 7220 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 sor position to \n-00021550: 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 the end of the. \n-00021560: 2020 2020 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 753e line...\n-00021570: 0a20 2020 2020 4b69 6c6c 2062 6163 6b77 . Kill backw\n-00021580: 6172 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 7572 ard from the cur\n-00021590: 736f 7220 746f 2074 6865 2062 6567 696e sor to the begin\n-000215a0: 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 ning of the line\n-000215b0: 2e0a 0a3c 432d 793e 0a20 2020 2020 5961 .... Ya\n-000215c0: 6e6b 2074 6865 206b 696c 6c65 6420 7465 nk the killed te\n-000215d0: 7874 2062 6163 6b20 696e 746f 2074 6865 xt back into the\n-000215e0: 2062 7566 6665 7220 6174 2074 6865 2063 buffer at the c\n-000215f0: 7572 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d70 3e0a 3c50 ursor..... 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Move \n-00021650: 646f 776e 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6865 down through the\n-00021660: 2068 6973 746f 7279 206c 6973 742e 0a0a history list...\n-00021670: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7479 7069 6e67 2063 When typing c\n-00021680: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 7465 7261 6374 ommands interact\n-00021690: 6976 656c 792c 2069 6620 7468 6520 6375 ively, if the cu\n-000216a0: 7273 6f72 2069 7320 7769 7468 696e 206f rsor is within o\n-000216b0: 7220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 6972 r before.the fir\n-000216c0: 7374 2077 6f72 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 st word in the c\n-000216d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652c 2070 7265 ommand-line, pre\n-000216e0: 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 3c54 4142 3e20 ssing the \n-000216f0: 6b65 7920 286f 7220 3c43 2d69 3e29 0a77 key (or ).w\n-00021700: 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6120 6c69 ill display a li\n-00021710: 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2061 7661 sting of the ava\n-00021720: 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c ilable commands,\n-00021730: 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7468 6520 6375 7273 and if the curs\n-00021740: 6f72 2069 730a 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 or is.after the \n-00021750: 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2c20 7468 6520 first word, the \n-00021760: e280 983c 5441 423e e280 9920 7769 6c6c ...... will\n-00021770: 2070 726f 7669 6465 2061 2063 6f6d 706c provide a compl\n-00021780: 6574 696f 6e20 6c69 7374 696e 6720 6f66 etion listing of\n-00021790: 0a64 6973 6b73 2c20 7061 7274 6974 696f .disks, partitio\n-000217a0: 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 206e 616d ns, and file nam\n-000217b0: 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 es depending on \n-000217c0: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 6578 742e 2020 4e6f the context. No\n-000217d0: 7465 2074 6861 740a 746f 206f 6274 6169 te that.to obtai\n-000217e0: 6e20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6472 6976 n a list of driv\n-000217f0: 6573 2c20 6f6e 6520 6d75 7374 206f 7065 es, one must ope\n-00021800: 6e20 6120 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7369 732c n a parenthesis,\n-00021810: 2061 7320 e280 9872 6f6f 7420 28e2 8099 as ...root (...\n-00021820: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ... Note that \n-00021830: 796f 7520 6361 6e6e 6f74 2075 7365 2074 you cannot use t\n-00021840: 6865 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 6675 he completion fu\n-00021850: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 696e 2074 nctionality in t\n-00021860: 6865 2054 4654 500a 6669 6c65 7379 7374 he TFTP.filesyst\n-00021870: 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2062 6563 em. This is bec\n-00021880: 6175 7365 2054 4654 5020 646f 6573 6e27 ause TFTP doesn'\n-00021890: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6669 6c65 206e t support file n\n-000218a0: 616d 6520 6c69 7374 696e 6720 666f 720a ame listing for.\n-000218b0: 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 2e0a 0a1f the security....\n-000218c0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000218d0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 , Node: Command\n-000218e0: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652d -line interface-\n-000218f0: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Footnotes, Up: \n-00021900: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 Command-line int\n-00021910: 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2048 erface.. (1) H\n-00021920: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6973 2062 6568 owever, this beh\n-00021930: 6176 696f 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6368 avior will be ch\n-00021940: 616e 6765 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 anged in the fut\n-00021950: 7572 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a ure version, in.\n-00021960: 6120 7573 6572 2d69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 a user-invisible\n-00021970: 2077 6179 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 way.....File: g\n-00021980: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00021990: 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c Menu interface,\n-000219a0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 Next: Menu ent\n-000219b0: 7279 2065 6469 746f 722c 2020 5072 6576 ry editor, Prev\n-000219c0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 : Command-line i\n-000219d0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2049 nterface, Up: I\n-000219e0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 3134 2e32 2054 nterface..14.2 T\n-000219f0: 6865 2073 696d 706c 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 he simple menu i\n-00021a00: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nterface.=======\n+000211e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2063 =========..The c\n+000211f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n+00021200: 7266 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 rface provides a\n+00021210: 2070 726f 6d70 7420 616e 6420 6166 7465 prompt and afte\n+00021220: 7220 6974 2061 6e20 6564 6974 6162 6c65 r it an editable\n+00021230: 0a74 6578 7420 6172 6561 206d 7563 6820 .text area much \n+00021240: 6c69 6b65 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c like a command-l\n+00021250: 696e 6520 696e 2055 6e69 7820 6f72 2044 ine in Unix or D\n+00021260: 4f53 2e20 4561 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 OS. Each command\n+00021270: 2069 730a 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 is.immediately \n+00021280: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 6674 6572 2069 executed after i\n+00021290: 7420 6973 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2831 2920 t is entered(1) \n+000212a0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c (*note Command-l\n+000212b0: 696e 650a 696e 7465 7266 6163 652d 466f ine.interface-Fo\n+000212c0: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 otnote-1::). Th\n+000212d0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 e commands (*not\n+000212e0: 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 2920 6172 e Commands::) ar\n+000212f0: 6520 6120 7375 6273 6574 0a6f 6620 7468 e a subset.of th\n+00021300: 6f73 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e ose available in\n+00021310: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 the configurati\n+00021320: 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2075 7365 6420 7769 on file, used wi\n+00021330: 7468 2065 7861 6374 6c79 2074 6865 2073 th exactly the s\n+00021340: 616d 650a 7379 6e74 6178 2e0a 0a20 2020 ame.syntax... \n+00021350: 4375 7273 6f72 206d 6f76 656d 656e 7420 Cursor movement \n+00021360: 616e 6420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 2074 and editing of t\n+00021370: 6865 2074 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206c he text on the l\n+00021380: 696e 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 ine can be done \n+00021390: 7669 6120 610a 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 via a.subset of \n+000213a0: 7468 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6176 the functions av\n+000213b0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2074 6865 2042 ailable in the B\n+000213c0: 6173 6820 7368 656c 6c3a 0a0a 3c43 2d66 ash shell:...\n+000213e0: 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2066 6f72 7761 . Move forwa\n+000213f0: 7264 206f 6e65 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 rd one character\n+00021400: 2e0a 0a3c 432d 623e 0a3c 5043 206c 6566 ..... Move\n+00021420: 2062 6163 6b20 6f6e 6520 6368 6172 6163 back one charac\n+00021430: 7465 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d61 3e0a 3c48 4f4d ter..... Move to \n+00021450: 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the start of the\n+00021460: 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d65 3e0a 3c45 line..... Move th\n+00021480: 6520 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 e the end of the\n+00021490: 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d64 3e0a 3c44 line..... Delete \n+000214b0: 7468 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 756e the character un\n+000214c0: 6465 726e 6561 7468 2074 6865 2063 7572 derneath the cur\n+000214d0: 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d68 3e0a 3c42 533e sor....\n+000214e0: 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 2074 6865 . Delete the\n+000214f0: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2074 6f20 7468 character to th\n+00021500: 6520 6c65 6674 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 e left of the cu\n+00021510: 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6b3e 0a20 2020 rsor.... \n+00021520: 2020 4b69 6c6c 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 Kill the text \n+00021530: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 from the current\n+00021540: 2063 7572 736f 7220 706f 7369 7469 6f6e cursor position\n+00021550: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 to the end of t\n+00021560: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c he. line...<\n+00021570: 432d 753e 0a20 2020 2020 4b69 6c6c 2062 C-u>. Kill b\n+00021580: 6163 6b77 6172 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 ackward from the\n+00021590: 2063 7572 736f 7220 746f 2074 6865 2062 cursor to the b\n+000215a0: 6567 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 eginning of the \n+000215b0: 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 793e 0a20 2020 line.... \n+000215c0: 2020 5961 6e6b 2074 6865 206b 696c 6c65 Yank the kille\n+000215d0: 6420 7465 7874 2062 6163 6b20 696e 746f d text back into\n+000215e0: 2074 6865 2062 7566 6665 7220 6174 2074 the buffer at t\n+000215f0: 6865 2063 7572 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d70 he cursor..... \n+00021610: 2020 204d 6f76 6520 7570 2074 6872 6f75 Move up throu\n+00021620: 6768 2074 6865 2068 6973 746f 7279 206c gh the history l\n+00021630: 6973 742e 0a0a 3c43 2d6e 3e0a 3c50 4320 ist..... M\n+00021650: 6f76 6520 646f 776e 2074 6872 6f75 6768 ove down through\n+00021660: 2074 6865 2068 6973 746f 7279 206c 6973 the history lis\n+00021670: 742e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7479 7069 t... When typi\n+00021680: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 7465 ng commands inte\n+00021690: 7261 6374 6976 656c 792c 2069 6620 7468 ractively, if th\n+000216a0: 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2069 7320 7769 7468 e cursor is with\n+000216b0: 696e 206f 7220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 in or before.the\n+000216c0: 2066 6972 7374 2077 6f72 6420 696e 2074 first word in t\n+000216d0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652c he command-line,\n+000216e0: 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 3c54 pressing the key (or ).will display \n+00021710: 6120 6c69 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 a listing of the\n+00021720: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 available comma\n+00021730: 6e64 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7468 6520 nds, and if the \n+00021740: 6375 7273 6f72 2069 730a 6166 7465 7220 cursor is.after \n+00021750: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2c20 the first word, \n+00021760: 7468 6520 e280 983c 5441 423e e280 9920 the ...... \n+00021770: 7769 6c6c 2070 726f 7669 6465 2061 2063 will provide a c\n+00021780: 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 6c69 7374 696e ompletion listin\n+00021790: 6720 6f66 0a64 6973 6b73 2c20 7061 7274 g of.disks, part\n+000217a0: 6974 696f 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 itions, and file\n+000217b0: 206e 616d 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 names depending\n+000217c0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6e74 6578 742e on the context.\n+000217d0: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 740a 746f 206f Note that.to o\n+000217e0: 6274 6169 6e20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 btain a list of \n+000217f0: 6472 6976 6573 2c20 6f6e 6520 6d75 7374 drives, one must\n+00021800: 206f 7065 6e20 6120 7061 7265 6e74 6865 open a parenthe\n+00021810: 7369 732c 2061 7320 e280 9872 6f6f 7420 sis, as ...root \n+00021820: 28e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 (...... Note t\n+00021830: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e6e 6f74 2075 hat you cannot u\n+00021840: 7365 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f se the completio\n+00021850: 6e20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 n functionality \n+00021860: 696e 2074 6865 2054 4654 500a 6669 6c65 in the TFTP.file\n+00021870: 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 system. This is\n+00021880: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2054 4654 5020 646f because TFTP do\n+00021890: 6573 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6669 esn't support fi\n+000218a0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6c69 7374 696e 6720 le name listing \n+000218b0: 666f 720a 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 for.the security\n+000218c0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000218d0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d info, Node: Com\n+000218e0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n+000218f0: 6163 652d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 ace-Footnotes, \n+00021900: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00021910: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 2020 2028 interface.. (\n+00021920: 3129 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6973 1) However, this\n+00021930: 2062 6568 6176 696f 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 behavior will b\n+00021940: 6520 6368 616e 6765 6420 696e 2074 6865 e changed in the\n+00021950: 2066 7574 7572 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e2c future version,\n+00021960: 2069 6e0a 6120 7573 6572 2d69 6e76 6973 in.a user-invis\n+00021970: 6962 6c65 2077 6179 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ible way.....Fil\n+00021980: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00021990: 6f64 653a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 ode: Menu interf\n+000219a0: 6163 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 6e75 ace, Next: Menu\n+000219b0: 2065 6e74 7279 2065 6469 746f 722c 2020 entry editor, \n+000219c0: 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Prev: Command-li\n+000219d0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 ne interface, U\n+000219e0: 703a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 3134 p: Interface..14\n+000219f0: 2e32 2054 6865 2073 696d 706c 6520 6d65 .2 The simple me\n+00021a00: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a3d 3d3d nu interface.===\n 00021a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 206d 656e =======..The men\n-00021a30: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 2071 u interface is q\n-00021a40: 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f 2075 7365 uite easy to use\n-00021a50: 2e20 2049 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 . Its commands \n-00021a60: 6172 6520 626f 7468 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 are both.reasona\n-00021a70: 626c 7920 696e 7475 6974 6976 6520 616e bly intuitive an\n-00021a80: 6420 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6f6e 2073 d described on s\n-00021a90: 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2042 6173 6963 creen... Basic\n-00021aa0: 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 ally, the menu i\n-00021ab0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2070 726f 7669 6465 nterface provide\n-00021ac0: 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 e280 9c62 s a list of ...b\n-00021ad0: 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 73e2 809d 2074 oot entries... t\n-00021ae0: 6f0a 7468 6520 7573 6572 2074 6f20 6368 o.the user to ch\n-00021af0: 6f6f 7365 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 5573 6520 oose from. Use \n-00021b00: 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 2074 the arrow keys t\n-00021b10: 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2065 6e74 o select the ent\n-00021b20: 7279 206f 660a 6368 6f69 6365 2c20 7468 ry of.choice, th\n-00021b30: 656e 2070 7265 7373 203c 5245 543e 2074 en press t\n-00021b40: 6f20 7275 6e20 6974 2e20 2041 6e20 6f70 o run it. An op\n-00021b50: 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 tional timeout i\n-00021b60: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 0a62 s available to.b\n-00021b70: 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 oot the default \n-00021b80: 656e 7472 7920 2874 6865 2066 6972 7374 entry (the first\n-00021b90: 206f 6e65 2069 6620 6e6f 7420 7365 7429 one if not set)\n-00021ba0: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2061 626f 7274 , which is abort\n-00021bb0: 6564 2062 790a 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 ed by.pressing a\n-00021bc0: 6e79 206b 6579 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 6d6d ny key... Comm\n-00021bd0: 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 ands are availab\n-00021be0: 6c65 2074 6f20 656e 7465 7220 6120 6261 le to enter a ba\n-00021bf0: 7265 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 re command-line \n-00021c00: 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c63 3e0a by pressing .\n-00021c10: 2877 6869 6368 206f 7065 7261 7465 7320 (which operates \n-00021c20: 6578 6163 746c 7920 6c69 6b65 2074 6865 exactly like the\n-00021c30: 206e 6f6e 2d63 6f6e 6669 672d 6669 6c65 non-config-file\n-00021c40: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 4752 5542 version of GRUB\n-00021c50: 2c20 6275 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 206f 6e65 , but.allows one\n-00021c60: 2074 6f20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6f20 7468 to return to th\n-00021c70: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6620 6465 7369 7265 e menu if desire\n-00021c80: 6420 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c45 d by pressing ) or to.edit \n-00021ca0: 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 20e2 809c 626f any of the ...bo\n-00021cb0: 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 e280 9d20 6279 ot entries... by\n-00021cc0: 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c65 3e2e 0a0a pressing ...\n-00021cd0: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7072 6f74 6563 If you protec\n-00021ce0: 7420 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 t the menu inter\n-00021cf0: 6661 6365 2077 6974 6820 6120 7061 7373 face with a pass\n-00021d00: 776f 7264 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 word (*note Secu\n-00021d10: 7269 7479 3a3a 292c 0a61 6c6c 2079 6f75 rity::),.all you\n-00021d20: 2063 616e 2064 6f20 6973 2063 686f 6f73 can do is choos\n-00021d30: 6520 616e 2065 6e74 7279 2062 7920 7072 e an entry by pr\n-00021d40: 6573 7369 6e67 203c 5245 543e 2c20 6f72 essing , or\n-00021d50: 2070 7265 7373 203c 703e 2074 6f0a 656e press

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If an \n-00021f20: 3c45 5343 3e20 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 is pressed\n-00021f30: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 in the editor, \n-00021f40: 6974 2061 626f 7274 7320 616c 6c20 7468 it aborts all th\n-00021f50: 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 0a74 e changes made.t\n-00021f60: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 o the configurat\n-00021f70: 696f 6e20 656e 7472 7920 616e 6420 7265 ion entry and re\n-00021f80: 7475 726e 7320 746f 2074 6865 206d 6169 turns to the mai\n-00021f90: 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 n menu interface\n-00021fa0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4561 6368 206c 696e 6520 ... Each line \n-00021fb0: 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 in the menu entr\n-00021fc0: 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6469 7465 6420 y can be edited \n-00021fd0: 6672 6565 6c79 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 freely, and you \n-00021fe0: 6361 6e20 6164 6420 6e65 770a 6c69 6e65 can add new.line\n-00021ff0: 7320 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c52 s by pressing at the end o\n-00022010: 6620 6120 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6f20 626f f a line. To bo\n-00022020: 6f74 2074 6865 2065 6469 7465 6420 656e ot the edited en\n-00022030: 7472 792c 0a70 7265 7373 203c 4374 726c try,.press ... 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If\n+00021f20: 2061 6e20 3c45 5343 3e20 6973 2070 7265 an is pre\n+00021f30: 7373 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6564 6974 ssed in the edit\n+00021f40: 6f72 2c20 6974 2061 626f 7274 7320 616c or, it aborts al\n+00021f50: 6c20 7468 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 6d61 l the changes ma\n+00021f60: 6465 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 de.to the config\n+00021f70: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 656e 7472 7920 616e uration entry an\n+00021f80: 6420 7265 7475 726e 7320 746f 2074 6865 d returns to the\n+00021f90: 206d 6169 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 main menu inter\n+00021fa0: 6661 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4561 6368 206c face... Each l\n+00021fb0: 696e 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 ine in the menu \n+00021fc0: 656e 7472 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6469 entry can be edi\n+00021fd0: 7465 6420 6672 6565 6c79 2c20 616e 6420 ted freely, and \n+00021fe0: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6164 6420 6e65 770a you can add new.\n+00021ff0: 6c69 6e65 7320 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e lines by pressin\n+00022000: 6720 3c52 4554 3e20 6174 2074 6865 2065 g at the e\n+00022010: 6e64 206f 6620 6120 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 nd of a line. T\n+00022020: 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2065 6469 7465 o boot the edite\n+00022030: 6420 656e 7472 792c 0a70 7265 7373 203c d entry,.press <\n+00022040: 4374 726c 2d78 3e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c74 Ctrl-x>... Alt\n+00022050: 686f 7567 6820 4752 5542 2075 6e66 6f72 hough GRUB unfor\n+00022060: 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f tunately does no\n+00022070: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 e280 9c75 6e64 t support ...und\n+00022080: 6fe2 809d 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 646f o..., you can do\n+00022090: 0a61 6c6d 6f73 7420 7468 6520 7361 6d65 .almost the same\n+000220a0: 2074 6869 6e67 2062 7920 6a75 7374 2072 thing by just r\n+000220b0: 6574 7572 6e69 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 eturning to the \n+000220c0: 6d61 696e 206d 656e 7520 7573 696e 6720 main menu using \n+000220d0: 3c45 5343 3e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 .....File: \n+000220e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000220f0: 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 : Environment, \n+00022100: 4e65 7874 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2020 Next: Modules, \n+00022110: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c Prev: Interface,\n+00022120: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3520 4752 Up: Top..15 GR\n+00022130: 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 UB environment v\n+00022140: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ariables.*******\n 00022150: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00022160: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 **..GRUB support\n-00022170: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s environment va\n-00022180: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7768 6963 6820 6172 riables which ar\n-00022190: 6520 7261 7468 6572 206c 696b 6520 7468 e rather like th\n-000221a0: 6f73 6520 6f66 6665 7265 640a 6279 2061 ose offered.by a\n-000221b0: 6c6c 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 2073 7973 ll Unix-like sys\n-000221c0: 7465 6d73 2e20 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 tems. 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I\n-00022960: 6620 7468 6520 4249 4f53 4e55 4d0a 7661 f the BIOSNUM.va\n-00022970: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n-00022980: 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 4752 5542 t overrides GRUB\n-00022990: 2773 206f 776e 206d 6561 6e73 206f 6620 's own means of \n-000229a0: 6775 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6869 732e 0a0a guessing this...\n-000229b0: 2020 2046 6f72 2061 6e20 616c 7465 726e For an altern\n-000229c0: 6174 6976 6520 6170 7072 6f61 6368 2077 ative approach w\n-000229d0: 6869 6368 2061 6c73 6f20 6368 616e 6765 hich also change\n-000229e0: 7320 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206d 6170 s BIOS drive map\n-000229f0: 7069 6e67 730a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6368 pings.for the ch\n-00022a00: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2073 7973 7465 ain-loaded syste\n-00022a10: 6d2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 7269 7665 6d61 m, *note drivema\n-00022a20: 703a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 p::.....File: gr\n-00022a30: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00022a40: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n-00022a50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c , Next: chosen,\n-00022a60: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6269 6f73 6e75 6d2c Prev: biosnum,\n-00022a70: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00022a80: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00022a90: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3220 6368 6563 les..15.1.2 chec\n-00022aa0: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 0a2d 2d2d k_signatures.---\n-00022ab0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00022ac0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n-00022ad0: 626c 6520 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 2077 6865 ble controls whe\n-00022ae0: 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 656e 666f 7263 ther GRUB enforc\n-00022af0: 6573 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 es digital signa\n-00022b00: 7475 7265 0a76 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 ture.validation \n-00022b10: 6f6e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6669 6c65 732e on loaded files.\n-00022b20: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 *Note Using di\n-00022b30: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n-00022b40: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00022b50: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-00022b60: 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d hosen, Next: cm\n-00022b70: 6470 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 dpath, Prev: ch\n-00022b80: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 eck_signatures, \n-00022b90: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00022ba0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00022bb0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 2063 686f 7365 es..15.1.3 chose\n-00022bc0: 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a n.-------------.\n-00022bd0: 0a57 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 .When executing \n-00022be0: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 4752 a menu entry, GR\n-00022bf0: 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 4348 4f53 UB sets the CHOS\n-00022c00: 454e 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 EN variable to t\n-00022c10: 6865 2074 6974 6c65 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 he title.of the \n-00022c20: 656e 7472 7920 6265 696e 6720 6578 6563 entry being exec\n-00022c30: 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2074 6865 uted... If the\n-00022c40: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2069 menu entry is i\n-00022c50: 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 7375 n one or more su\n-00022c60: 626d 656e 7573 2c20 7468 656e 2043 484f bmenus, then CHO\n-00022c70: 5345 4e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 7468 SEN is set to.th\n-00022c80: 6520 7469 746c 6573 206f 6620 6561 6368 e titles of each\n-00022c90: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 of the submenus\n-00022ca0: 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2074 starting from t\n-00022cb0: 6865 2074 6f70 206c 6576 656c 2066 6f6c he top level fol\n-00022cc0: 6c6f 7765 640a 6279 2074 6865 2074 6974 lowed.by the tit\n-00022cd0: 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 le of the menu e\n-00022ce0: 6e74 7279 2069 7473 656c 662c 2073 6570 ntry itself, sep\n-00022cf0: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 983e e280 arated by ...>..\n-00022d00: 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ......File: grub\n-00022d10: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .info, Node: cm\n-00022d20: 6470 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f dpath, Next: co\n-00022d30: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 lor_highlight, \n-00022d40: 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 2055 Prev: chosen, U\n-00022d50: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00022d60: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00022d70: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 2063 6d64 7061 7468 ..15.1.4 cmdpath\n-00022d80: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-00022d90: 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6672 .The location fr\n-00022da0: 6f6d 2077 6869 6368 20e2 8098 636f 7265 om which ...core\n-00022db0: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7761 7320 6c6f 6164 .img... was load\n-00022dc0: 6564 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 ed as an absolut\n-00022dd0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 6e61 6d65 e directory.name\n-00022de0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d (*note File nam\n-00022df0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 e syntax::). Th\n-00022e00: 6973 2069 7320 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 is is set by GRU\n-00022e10: 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 B at startup bas\n-00022e20: 6564 0a6f 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f ed.on informatio\n-00022e30: 6e20 7265 7475 726e 6564 2062 7920 706c n returned by pl\n-00022e40: 6174 666f 726d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e atform firmware.\n-00022e50: 2020 4e6f 7420 6576 6572 7920 706c 6174 Not every plat\n-00022e60: 666f 726d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 7468 form.provides th\n-00022e70: 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 is information a\n-00022e80: 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6d61 7920 7265 7475 nd some may retu\n-00022e90: 726e 206f 6e6c 7920 6465 7669 6365 2077 rn only device w\n-00022ea0: 6974 686f 7574 2070 6174 680a 6e61 6d65 ithout path.name\n-00022eb0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00022ec0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c info, Node: col\n-00022ed0: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 204e or_highlight, N\n-00022ee0: 6578 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 ext: color_norma\n-00022ef0: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6470 6174 l, Prev: cmdpat\n-00022f00: 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 h, Up: Special \n-00022f10: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00022f20: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3520 636f ables..15.1.5 co\n-00022f30: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 740a 2d2d lor_highlight.--\n-00022f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00022f50: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n-00022f60: 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 ble contains the\n-00022f70: 2022 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7422 2066 6f72 \"highlight\" for\n-00022f80: 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b eground and back\n-00022f90: 6772 6f75 6e64 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ground.terminal \n-00022fa0: 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 colors, separate\n-00022fb0: 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 d by a slash (..\n-00022fc0: 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 ./...). Setting\n-00022fd0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a63 this variable.c\n-00022fe0: 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c hanges those col\n-00022ff0: 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 ors. For the av\n-00023000: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 ailable color na\n-00023010: 6d65 732c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6c 6f72 mes, *note.color\n-00023020: 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 _normal::... T\n-00023030: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 he default is ..\n-00023040: 9862 6c61 636b 2f6c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 .black/light-gra\n-00023050: 79e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 y........File: g\n-00023060: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00023070: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 color_normal, \n-00023080: 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 Next: config_dir\n-00023090: 6563 746f 7279 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 ectory, Prev: c\n-000230a0: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 olor_highlight, \n-000230b0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-000230c0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000230d0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e36 2063 6f6c 6f72 es..15.1.6 color\n-000230e0: 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _normal.--------\n-000230f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n-00023100: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 s variable conta\n-00023110: 696e 7320 7468 6520 226e 6f72 6d61 6c22 ins the \"normal\"\n-00023120: 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 foreground and \n-00023130: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 background termi\n-00023140: 6e61 6c0a 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 7061 nal.colors, sepa\n-00023150: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 rated by a slash\n-00023160: 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 (.../...). Set\n-00023170: 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ting this variab\n-00023180: 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 le changes those\n-00023190: 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 4561 6368 2063 .colors. Each c\n-000231a0: 6f6c 6f72 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e olor must be a n\n-000231b0: 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 6f6c ame from the fol\n-000231c0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206c 6973 743a 0a0a 2020 lowing list:.. \n-000231d0: 20e2 80a2 2062 6c61 636b 0a20 2020 e280 ... black. ..\n-000231e0: a220 626c 7565 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6772 . blue. ... gr\n-000231f0: 6565 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 7961 6e0a een. ... cyan.\n-00023200: 2020 20e2 80a2 2072 6564 0a20 2020 e280 ... red. ..\n-00023210: a220 6d61 6765 6e74 610a 2020 20e2 80a2 . magenta. ...\n-00023220: 2062 726f 776e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 brown. ... li\n-00023230: 6768 742d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ght-gray. ... \n-00023240: 6461 726b 2d67 7261 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 dark-gray. ...\n-00023250: 206c 6967 6874 2d62 6c75 650a 2020 20e2 light-blue. .\n-00023260: 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7265 656e 0a20 .. light-green. \n-00023270: 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6379 616e ... light-cyan\n-00023280: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 7265 . ... light-re\n-00023290: 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d6d d. ... light-m\n-000232a0: 6167 656e 7461 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7965 agenta. ... ye\n-000232b0: 6c6c 6f77 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7768 6974 llow. ... whit\n-000232c0: 650a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c e.. 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When in m\n-000234d0: 6f64 6520 e280 9876 7431 3030 e280 9920 ode ...vt100... \n-000234e0: 7468 656e 0a74 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 then.the color s\n-000234f0: 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 upport is limite\n-00023500: 6420 746f 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 696e d to highlightin\n-00023510: 6720 6279 2062 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 7465 g by black/white\n-00023520: 2072 6576 6572 7361 6c2e 0a57 6865 6e20 reversal..When \n-00023530: 696e 206d 6f64 6520 e280 9864 756d 62e2 in mode ...dumb.\n-00023540: 8099 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2063 .. there is no c\n-00023550: 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e0a 0a20 olor support... \n-00023560: 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 When console s\n-00023570: 7570 706f 7274 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 upports no color\n-00023580: 7320 7468 6973 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 s this setting i\n-00023590: 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 2020 5768 656e s ignored. When\n-000235a0: 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 7570 706f 7274 .console support\n-000235b0: 7320 3820 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7468 656e s 8 colors, then\n-000235c0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6672 6f6d the colors from\n-000235d0: 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 6861 6c66 the second half\n-000235e0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 7072 6576 696f 7573 of the.previous\n-000235f0: 206c 6973 7420 6172 6520 6d61 7070 6564 list are mapped\n-00023600: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 to the matching\n-00023610: 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6f66 2066 6972 7374 colors of first\n-00023620: 2068 616c 662e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 636f half... ...co\n-00023630: 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 206f 6e20 4546 4920 nsole... on EFI \n-00023640: 616e 6420 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 and BIOS and ...\n-00023650: 7667 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 7375 7070 vga_text... supp\n-00023660: 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 ort all 16 color\n-00023670: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 s... ...gfxter\n-00023680: 6de2 8099 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 616c m... supports al\n-00023690: 6c20 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 616e 6420 l 16 colors and \n-000236a0: 776f 756c 6420 6265 2074 6865 6f72 6574 would be theoret\n-000236b0: 6963 616c 6c79 0a65 7874 656e 6461 626c ically.extendabl\n-000236c0: 6520 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2077 686f e to support who\n-000236d0: 6c65 2072 6762 3234 2070 616c 6574 7465 le rgb24 palette\n-000236e0: 2062 7574 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 but currently t\n-000236f0: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7065 here is no.compe\n-00023700: 6c6c 696e 6720 7265 6173 6f6e 2074 6f20 lling reason to \n-00023710: 676f 2062 6579 6f6e 6420 7468 6520 6375 go beyond the cu\n-00023720: 7272 656e 7420 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e rrent 16 colors.\n-00023730: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00023740: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 nfo, Node: conf\n-00023750: 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 204e ig_directory, N\n-00023760: 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 ext: config_file\n-00023770: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e , Prev: color_n\n-00023780: 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 ormal, Up: Spec\n-00023790: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-000237a0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-000237b0: 3720 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7 config_directo\n-000237c0: 7279 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ry.-------------\n-000237d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 ----------..This\n-000237e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 7574 variable is aut\n-000237f0: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 omatically set b\n-00023800: 7920 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6469 y GRUB to the di\n-00023810: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7061 7274 206f 660a rectory part of.\n-00023820: 6375 7272 656e 7420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 current configur\n-00023830: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 ation file name \n-00023840: 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 (*note config_fi\n-00023850: 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 le::).....File: \n-00023860: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00023870: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 : config_file, \n-00023880: 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 5072 Next: debug, Pr\n-00023890: 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 ev: config_direc\n-000238a0: 746f 7279 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 tory, Up: Speci\n-000238b0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-000238c0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e38 ariables..15.1.8\n-000238d0: 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d config_file.---\n-000238e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-000238f0: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 .This variable i\n-00023900: 7320 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 s automatically \n-00023910: 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 set by GRUB to t\n-00023920: 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 6669 he name of confi\n-00023930: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6520 7468 guration.file th\n-00023940: 6174 2069 7320 6265 696e 6720 7072 6f63 at is being proc\n-00023950: 6573 7365 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 essed by command\n-00023960: 7320 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 s ...configfile.\n-00023970: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6e66 6967 .. (*note.config\n-00023980: 6669 6c65 3a3a 2920 6f72 20e2 8098 6e6f file::) or ...no\n-00023990: 726d 616c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 206e rmal... (*note n\n-000239a0: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2049 7420 6973 ormal::). It is\n-000239b0: 2072 6573 746f 7265 6420 746f 2074 6865 restored to the\n-000239c0: 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 6520 .previous value \n-000239d0: 7768 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d when command com\n-000239e0: 706c 6574 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a pletes.....File:\n-000239f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00023a00: 653a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: debug, Next:\n-00023a10: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2050 7265 763a default, Prev:\n-00023a20: 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 config_file, U\n-00023a30: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00023a40: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00023a50: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e39 2064 6562 7567 0a2d ..15.1.9 debug.-\n-00023a60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n-00023a70: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 s variable may b\n-00023a80: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 e set to enable \n-00023a90: 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 7574 debugging output\n-00023aa0: 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 730a 636f from various.co\n-00023ab0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 206f 6620 4752 5542 mponents of GRUB\n-00023ac0: 2e20 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2061 . The value is a\n-00023ad0: 6e20 6f72 6465 7265 6420 6c69 7374 206f n ordered list o\n-00023ae0: 6620 6465 6275 6720 6661 6369 6c69 7479 f debug facility\n-00023af0: 206e 616d 6573 0a73 6570 6172 6174 6564 names.separated\n-00023b00: 2062 7920 7768 6974 6573 7061 6365 206f by whitespace o\n-00023b10: 7220 e280 982c e280 992e 2020 4966 2074 r ...,.... If t\n-00023b20: 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2066 6163 696c he special facil\n-00023b30: 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9861 6c6c ity named ...all\n-00023b40: e280 9920 6973 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 2074 ... is.present t\n-00023b50: 6865 6e20 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 hen debugging ou\n-00023b60: 7470 7574 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6661 6369 tput of all faci\n-00023b70: 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6573 2069 7320 656e lity names is en\n-00023b80: 6162 6c65 6420 6174 2074 6865 0a73 7461 abled at the.sta\n-00023b90: 7274 206f 6620 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 rt of processing\n-00023ba0: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 the value of th\n-00023bb0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 652e 2020 4120 is variable. A \n-00023bc0: 6661 6369 6c69 7479 2773 2064 6562 7567 facility's debug\n-00023bd0: 0a6f 7574 7075 7420 6361 6e20 7468 656e .output can then\n-00023be0: 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 be disabled by \n-00023bf0: 7072 6566 6978 696e 6720 6974 7320 6e61 prefixing its na\n-00023c00: 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6120 e280 982d e280 me with a ...-..\n-00023c10: 992e 2020 5468 6520 6c61 7374 0a6f 6363 .. The last.occ\n-00023c20: 7572 656e 6365 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 urence facility \n-00023c30: 6e61 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6f72 2077 6974 name with or wit\n-00023c40: 686f 7574 2061 206c 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 hout a leading .\n-00023c50: 8098 2de2 8099 2074 616b 6573 2070 7265 ..-... takes pre\n-00023c60: 6365 6e64 656e 740a 6f76 6572 2061 6e79 cendent.over any\n-00023c70: 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6f63 6375 7265 previous occure\n-00023c80: 6e63 652e 2020 5468 6973 2061 6c6c 6f77 nce. This allow\n-00023c90: 7320 7468 6520 6561 7379 2065 6e61 626c s the easy enabl\n-00023ca0: 696e 6720 6f72 2064 6973 6162 6c69 6e67 ing or disabling\n-00023cb0: 0a6f 6620 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 2062 .of facilities b\n-00023cc0: 7920 6170 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6120 e280 y appending a ..\n-00023cd0: 982c e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 656e 2074 .,... and then t\n-00023ce0: 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 he facility name\n-00023cf0: 2077 6974 6820 6f72 0a77 6974 686f 7574 with or.without\n-00023d00: 2074 6865 206c 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 the leading ...\n-00023d10: 2de2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7769 6c6c -..., which will\n-00023d20: 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 7374 preserve the st\n-00023d30: 6174 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 ate of the rest \n-00023d40: 6f66 0a74 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 of.the facilitie\n-00023d50: 732e 2020 5468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 s. The facility\n-00023d60: 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2074 6865 2066 names are the f\n-00023d70: 6972 7374 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f irst argument to\n-00023d80: 0a67 7275 625f 6470 7269 6e74 662e 2020 .grub_dprintf. \n-00023d90: 436f 6e73 756c 7420 7468 6520 736f 7572 Consult the sour\n-00023da0: 6365 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 ce for more deta\n-00023db0: 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ils.....File: gr\n-00023dc0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00023dd0: 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 default, Next: \n-00023de0: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a fallback, Prev:\n-00023df0: 2064 6562 7567 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 debug, Up: Spe\n-00023e00: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00023e10: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00023e20: 2e31 3020 6465 6661 756c 740a 2d2d 2d2d .10 default.----\n-00023e30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n-00023e40: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n-00023e50: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2069 6465 6e74 6966 set, it identif\n-00023e60: 6965 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 ies a menu entry\n-00023e70: 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 650a that should be.\n-00023e80: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 selected by defa\n-00023e90: 756c 742c 2070 6f73 7369 626c 7920 6166 ult, possibly af\n-00023ea0: 7465 7220 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 282a ter a timeout (*\n-00023eb0: 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 292e note timeout::).\n-00023ec0: 2020 5468 650a 656e 7472 7920 6d61 7920 The.entry may \n-00023ed0: 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 be identified by\n-00023ee0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 2873 7461 7274 696e number (startin\n-00023ef0: 6720 6672 6f6d 2030 2061 7420 6561 6368 g from 0 at each\n-00023f00: 206c 6576 656c 206f 6620 7468 650a 6869 level of the.hi\n-00023f10: 6572 6172 6368 7929 2c20 6279 2074 6974 erarchy), by tit\n-00023f20: 6c65 2c20 6f72 2062 7920 6964 2e0a 0a20 le, or by id... \n-00023f30: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 For example, i\n-00023f40: 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 3a0a 0a6d 656e f you have:..men\n-00023f50: 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 uentry 'Example \n-00023f60: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 GNU/Linux distri\n-00023f70: 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 bution' --class \n-00023f80: 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 gnu-linux --id e\n-00023f90: 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 xample-gnu-linux\n-00023fa0: 207b 0a09 2e2e 2e0a 7d0a 0a20 2020 7468 {......}.. th\n-00023fb0: 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 en you can make \n-00023fc0: 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 this the default\n-00023fd0: 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6465 using:.. de\n-00023fe0: 6661 756c 743d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e fault=example-gn\n-00023ff0: 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 4966 2074 u-linux.. If t\n-00024000: 6865 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e 2061 he entry is in a\n-00024010: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2c20 7468 656e 2069 submenu, then i\n-00024020: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 t must be identi\n-00024030: 6669 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a6e fied using the.n\n-00024040: 756d 6265 722c 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 umber, title, or\n-00024050: 2069 6420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 id of each of t\n-00024060: 6865 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 6172 he submenus star\n-00024070: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 746f ting from the to\n-00024080: 700a 6c65 7665 6c2c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 p.level, followe\n-00024090: 6420 6279 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 722c d by the number,\n-000240a0: 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2069 6420 6f66 title, or id of\n-000240b0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 the menu entry \n-000240c0: 6974 7365 6c66 2c0a 7769 7468 2065 6163 itself,.with eac\n-000240d0: 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 7365 7061 7261 h element separa\n-000240e0: 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 2e20 ted by ...>.... \n-000240f0: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7461 For example, ta\n-00024100: 6b65 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ke the following\n-00024110: 0a6d 656e 7520 7374 7275 6374 7572 653a .menu structure:\n-00024120: 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6420 .. GNU/Hurd \n-00024130: 2d2d 6964 2067 6e75 2d68 7572 640a 2020 --id gnu-hurd. \n-00024140: 2020 2020 2053 7461 6e64 6172 6420 426f Standard Bo\n-00024150: 6f74 202d 2d69 643d 676e 752d 6875 7264 ot --id=gnu-hurd\n-00024160: 2d73 7464 0a20 2020 2020 2020 5265 7363 -std. Resc\n-00024170: 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 202d 2d69 643d 676e ue shell --id=gn\n-00024180: 752d 6875 7264 2d72 6573 6375 650a 2020 u-hurd-rescue. \n-00024190: 2020 204f 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 Other platfor\n-000241a0: 6d73 202d 2d69 643d 6f74 6865 720a 2020 ms --id=other. \n-000241b0: 2020 2020 204d 696e 6978 202d 2d69 643d Minix --id=\n-000241c0: 6d69 6e69 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 minix. V\n-000241d0: 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 202d 2d69 ersion 3.4.0 --i\n-000241e0: 643d 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 342e 300a 2020 d=minix-3.4.0. \n-000241f0: 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 Version 3\n-00024200: 2e33 2e30 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 782d .3.0 --id=minix-\n-00024210: 332e 332e 300a 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 3.3.0. GRU\n-00024220: 4220 496e 7661 6465 7273 202d 2d69 643d B Invaders --id=\n-00024230: 6772 7562 2d69 6e76 6164 6572 730a 0a20 grub-invaders.. \n-00024240: 2020 5468 6520 6d6f 7265 2072 6563 656e The more recen\n-00024250: 7420 7265 6c65 6173 6520 6f66 204d 696e t release of Min\n-00024260: 6978 2077 6f75 6c64 2074 6865 6e20 6265 ix would then be\n-00024270: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6173 20e2 identified as .\n-00024280: 8098 4f74 6865 720a 706c 6174 666f 726d ..Other.platform\n-00024290: 733e 4d69 6e69 783e 5665 7273 696f 6e20 s>Minix>Version \n-000242a0: 332e 342e 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 3.4.0..., or as \n-000242b0: e280 9831 3e30 3e30 e280 992c 206f 7220 ...1>0>0..., or \n-000242c0: 6173 0ae2 8098 6f74 6865 723e 6d69 6e69 as....other>mini\n-000242d0: 783e 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 342e 30e2 8099 x>minix-3.4.0...\n-000242e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ... This varia\n-000242f0: 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 ble is often set\n-00024300: 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 by ...GRUB_DEFA\n-00024310: 554c 54e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 ULT... (*note Si\n-00024320: 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple.configurati\n-00024330: 6f6e 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 on::), ...grub-s\n-00024340: 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 992c 206f et-default..., o\n-00024350: 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d 7265 626f 6f74 r ...grub-reboot\n-00024360: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n-00024370: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00024380: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a fallback, Next:\n-00024390: 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a gfxmode, Prev:\n-000243a0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 default, Up: S\n-000243b0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-000243c0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-000243d0: 2e31 2e31 3120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 0a2d .1.11 fallback.-\n-000243e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-000243f0: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n-00024400: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2069 6465 e is set, it ide\n-00024410: 6e74 6966 6965 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 ntifies a menu e\n-00024420: 6e74 7279 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 ntry that should\n-00024430: 2062 650a 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 6620 be.selected if \n-00024440: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 the default menu\n-00024450: 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6169 6c73 2074 6f20 entry fails to \n-00024460: 626f 6f74 2e20 2045 6e74 7269 6573 2061 boot. Entries a\n-00024470: 7265 0a69 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 696e re.identified in\n-00024480: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7761 7920 6173 the same way as\n-00024490: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6465 6661 756c 74e2 for ...default.\n-000244a0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6465 6661 756c .. (*note defaul\n-000244b0: 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 t::).....File: g\n-000244c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000244d0: 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a gfxmode, Next:\n-000244e0: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 5072 gfxpayload, Pr\n-000244f0: 6576 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2055 ev: fallback, U\n-00024500: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00024510: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00024520: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3220 6766 786d 6f64 ..15.1.12 gfxmod\n-00024530: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n-00024540: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n-00024550: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2073 ble is set, it s\n-00024560: 6574 7320 7468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 ets the resoluti\n-00024570: 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 20e2 on used on the .\n-00024580: 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 0a67 7261 ..gfxterm....gra\n-00024590: 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e phical terminal.\n-000245a0: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 Note that you \n-000245b0: 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 206d 6f64 can only use mod\n-000245c0: 6573 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 720a 6772 es which your.gr\n-000245d0: 6170 6869 6373 2063 6172 6420 7375 7070 aphics card supp\n-000245e0: 6f72 7473 2076 6961 2056 4553 4120 4249 orts via VESA BI\n-000245f0: 4f53 2045 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 2856 OS Extensions (V\n-00024600: 4245 292c 2073 6f20 666f 7220 6578 616d BE), so for exam\n-00024610: 706c 650a 6e61 7469 7665 204c 4344 2070 ple.native LCD p\n-00024620: 616e 656c 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e73 anel resolutions\n-00024630: 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 may not be avai\n-00024640: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 lable. The defa\n-00024650: 756c 7420 6973 0ae2 8098 6175 746f e280 ult is....auto..\n-00024660: 992c 2077 6869 6368 2073 656c 6563 7473 ., which selects\n-00024670: 2061 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 a platform-spec\n-00024680: 6966 6963 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2074 6861 ific default tha\n-00024690: 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f 6b0a 7265 t should look.re\n-000246a0: 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 7570 706f asonable. Suppo\n-000246b0: 7274 6564 206d 6f64 6573 2063 616e 2062 rted modes can b\n-000246c0: 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2062 7920 e280 9876 e listed by ...v\n-000246d0: 6964 656f 696e 666f e280 9920 636f 6d6d ideoinfo... comm\n-000246e0: 616e 6420 696e 0a47 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 and in.GRUB... \n-000246f0: 2054 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 The resolution \n-00024700: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 may be specified\n-00024710: 2061 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f as a sequence o\n-00024720: 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f f one or more mo\n-00024730: 6465 732c 0a73 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 des,.separated b\n-00024740: 7920 636f 6d6d 6173 2028 e280 982c e280 y commas (...,..\n-00024750: 9929 206f 7220 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 .) or semicolons\n-00024760: 2028 e280 983b e280 9929 3b20 6561 6368 (...;...); each\n-00024770: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2074 7269 6564 2069 will be tried i\n-00024780: 6e0a 7475 726e 2075 6e74 696c 206f 6e65 n.turn until one\n-00024790: 2069 7320 666f 756e 642e 2020 4561 6368 is found. Each\n-000247a0: 206d 6f64 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 mode should be \n-000247b0: 6569 7468 6572 20e2 8098 6175 746f e280 either ...auto..\n-000247c0: 992c 0ae2 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 .,....WIDTHxHEIG\n-000247d0: 4854 e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 9857 4944 HT..., or ...WID\n-000247e0: 5448 7848 4549 4748 5478 4445 5054 48e2 THxHEIGHTxDEPTH.\n-000247f0: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n-00024800: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 b.info, Node: g\n-00024810: 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 4e65 7874 fxpayload, Next\n-00024820: 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 : gfxterm_font, \n-00024830: 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 Prev: gfxmode, \n-00024840: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00024850: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00024860: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3320 6766 7870 es..15.1.13 gfxp\n-00024870: 6179 6c6f 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ayload.---------\n-00024880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n-00024890: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n-000248a0: 6574 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 et, it controls \n-000248b0: 7468 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2069 the video mode i\n-000248c0: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 n which the Linu\n-000248d0: 780a 6b65 726e 656c 2073 7461 7274 7320 x.kernel starts \n-000248e0: 7570 2c20 7265 706c 6163 696e 6720 7468 up, replacing th\n-000248f0: 6520 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2062 6f6f e ...vga=... boo\n-00024900: 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 t option (*note \n-00024910: 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 2e20 2049 740a 6d61 linux::). It.ma\n-00024920: 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 y be set to ...t\n-00024930: 6578 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 666f 7263 6520 ext... to force \n-00024940: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c the Linux kernel\n-00024950: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d to boot in norm\n-00024960: 616c 2074 6578 740a 6d6f 6465 2c20 e280 al text.mode, ..\n-00024970: 986b 6565 70e2 8099 2074 6f20 7072 6573 .keep... to pres\n-00024980: 6572 7665 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 6963 erve the graphic\n-00024990: 7320 6d6f 6465 2073 6574 2075 7369 6e67 s mode set using\n-000249a0: 20e2 8098 6766 786d 6f64 65e2 8099 2c20 ...gfxmode..., \n-000249b0: 6f72 2061 6e79 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 7065 or any.of the pe\n-000249c0: 726d 6974 7465 6420 7661 6c75 6573 2066 rmitted values f\n-000249d0: 6f72 20e2 8098 6766 786d 6f64 65e2 8099 or ...gfxmode...\n-000249e0: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7061 7274 6963 to set a partic\n-000249f0: 756c 6172 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6d6f ular graphics mo\n-00024a00: 6465 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 6766 786d 6f64 de.(*note gfxmod\n-00024a10: 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4465 7065 6e64 e::)... Depend\n-00024a20: 696e 6720 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e ing on your kern\n-00024a30: 656c 2c20 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 el, your distrib\n-00024a40: 7574 696f 6e2c 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 ution, your grap\n-00024a50: 6869 6373 2063 6172 642c 2061 6e64 0a74 hics card, and.t\n-00024a60: 6865 2070 6861 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 he phase of the \n-00024a70: 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 moon, note that \n-00024a80: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f using this optio\n-00024a90: 6e20 6d61 7920 6361 7573 6520 474e 552f n may cause GNU/\n-00024aa0: 4c69 6e75 780a 746f 2073 7566 6665 7220 Linux.to suffer \n-00024ab0: 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 696f 7573 2064 6973 from various dis\n-00024ac0: 706c 6179 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2070 play problems, p\n-00024ad0: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 6475 7269 articularly duri\n-00024ae0: 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6172 6c79 0a70 6172 ng the early.par\n-00024af0: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 t of the boot se\n-00024b00: 7175 656e 6365 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 quence. If you \n-00024b10: 6861 7665 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2073 have problems, s\n-00024b20: 6574 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 et this variable\n-00024b30: 2074 6f0a e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2061 to....text... a\n-00024b40: 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2074 656c nd GRUB will tel\n-00024b50: 6c20 4c69 6e75 7820 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 l Linux to boot \n-00024b60: 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 206d in normal text m\n-00024b70: 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 ode... The def\n-00024b80: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 706c 6174 666f 726d ault is platform\n-00024b90: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 632e 2020 4f6e 2070 -specific. On p\n-00024ba0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6120 latforms with a \n-00024bb0: 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6578 740a 6d6f 6465 native text.mode\n-00024bc0: 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 5043 2042 494f (such as PC BIO\n-00024bd0: 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d 7329 2c20 7468 S platforms), th\n-00024be0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 e default is ...\n-00024bf0: 7465 7874 e280 992e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 text.... Otherw\n-00024c00: 6973 6520 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 ise the.default \n-00024c10: 6d61 7920 6265 20e2 8098 6175 746f e280 may be ...auto..\n-00024c20: 9920 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 . or a specific \n-00024c30: 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 video mode... \n-00024c40: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 This variable is\n-00024c50: 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 e280 often set by ..\n-00024c60: 9847 5255 425f 4746 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 .GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD\n-00024c70: 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 _LINUX... (*note\n-00024c80: 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple.configur\n-00024c90: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ation::).....Fil\n-00024ca0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00024cb0: 6f64 653a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e ode: gfxterm_fon\n-00024cc0: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 t, Next: grub_c\n-00024cd0: 7075 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 7061 pu, Prev: gfxpa\n-00024ce0: 796c 6f61 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 yload, Up: Spec\n-00024cf0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00024d00: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00024d10: 3134 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 740a 14 gfxterm_font.\n-00024d20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024d30: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n-00024d40: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n-00024d50: 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6120 666f 6e74 2074 t names a font t\n-00024d60: 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7465 7874 206f o use for text o\n-00024d70: 6e20 7468 650a e280 9867 6678 7465 726d n the....gfxterm\n-00024d80: e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 ... graphical te\n-00024d90: 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 rminal. Otherwi\n-00024da0: 7365 2c20 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 se, ...gfxterm..\n-00024db0: 9920 6d61 7920 7573 6520 616e 790a 6176 . may use any.av\n-00024dc0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 6e74 2e0a 0a1f ailable font....\n-00024dd0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00024de0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f 6370 , Node: grub_cp\n-00024df0: 752c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 u, Next: grub_p\n-00024e00: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 latform, Prev: \n-00024e10: 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 2055 gfxterm_font, U\n-00024e20: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00024e30: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00024e40: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3520 6772 7562 5f63 ..15.1.15 grub_c\n-00024e50: 7075 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d pu.-------------\n-00024e60: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d ---..In normal m\n-00024e70: 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 ode (*note norma\n-00024e80: 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 l::), GRUB sets \n-00024e90: 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 625f 6370 75e2 the ...grub_cpu.\n-00024ea0: 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 0a74 .. variable to.t\n-00024eb0: 6865 2043 5055 2074 7970 6520 666f 7220 he CPU type for \n-00024ec0: 7768 6963 6820 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 which GRUB was b\n-00024ed0: 7569 6c74 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 9869 uilt (e.g. ...i\n-00024ee0: 3338 36e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9870 6f77 386... or ...pow\n-00024ef0: 6572 7063 e280 9929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c erpc...).....Fil\n-00024f00: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00024f10: 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f ode: grub_platfo\n-00024f20: 726d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 636f 6e64 rm, Next: icond\n-00024f30: 6972 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 7275 625f ir, Prev: grub_\n-00024f40: 6370 752c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 cpu, Up: Specia\n-00024f50: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00024f60: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3136 riables..15.1.16\n-00024f70: 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 0a2d grub_platform.-\n-00024f80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024f90: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 ----..In normal \n-00024fa0: 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d mode (*note norm\n-00024fb0: 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 al::), GRUB sets\n-00024fc0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 the ...grub_pla\n-00024fd0: 7466 6f72 6de2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c tform... variabl\n-00024fe0: 650a 746f 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 e.to the platfor\n-00024ff0: 6d20 666f 7220 7768 6963 6820 4752 5542 m for which GRUB\n-00025000: 2077 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2028 652e 672e was built (e.g.\n-00025010: 2020 e280 9870 63e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 ...pc... or ..\n-00025020: 9865 6669 e280 9929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c .efi...).....Fil\n-00025030: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00025040: 6f64 653a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 204e ode: icondir, N\n-00025050: 6578 743a 206c 616e 672c 2020 5072 6576 ext: lang, Prev\n-00025060: 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c : grub_platform,\n-00025070: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00025080: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00025090: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3137 2069 636f les..15.1.17 ico\n-000250a0: 6e64 6972 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ndir.-----------\n-000250b0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n-000250c0: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n-000250d0: 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 t names a direct\n-000250e0: 6f72 7920 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 ory in which the\n-000250f0: 2047 5255 420a 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 GRUB.graphical \n-00025100: 6d65 6e75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b menu should look\n-00025110: 2066 6f72 2069 636f 6e73 2061 6674 6572 for icons after\n-00025120: 206c 6f6f 6b69 6e67 2069 6e20 7468 6520 looking in the \n-00025130: 7468 656d 6527 730a e280 9869 636f 6e73 theme's....icons\n-00025140: e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 2020 ... directory. \n-00025150: 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 *Note Theme file\n-00025160: 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 format::.....Fi\n-00025170: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00025180: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 Node: lang, Nex\n-00025190: 743a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 t: locale_dir, \n-000251a0: 5072 6576 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 Prev: icondir, \n-000251b0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-000251c0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-000251d0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3138 206c 616e 670a s..15.1.18 lang.\n-000251e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n-000251f0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n-00025200: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 s set, it names \n-00025210: 7468 6520 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6f64 the language cod\n-00025220: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6765 e that the ...ge\n-00025230: 7474 6578 74e2 8099 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ttext....command\n-00025240: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 7474 6578 743a (*note gettext:\n-00025250: 3a29 2075 7365 7320 746f 2074 7261 6e73 :) uses to trans\n-00025260: 6c61 7465 2073 7472 696e 6773 2e20 2046 late strings. F\n-00025270: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 4672 656e or example,.Fren\n-00025280: 6368 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6e61 6d65 ch would be name\n-00025290: 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6672 e280 992c 2061 d as ...fr..., a\n-000252a0: 6e64 2053 696d 706c 6966 6965 6420 4368 nd Simplified Ch\n-000252b0: 696e 6573 6520 6173 20e2 8098 7a68 5f43 inese as ...zh_C\n-000252c0: 4ee2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 N...... ...gru\n-000252d0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 282a b-mkconfig... (*\n-000252e0: 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 note Simple conf\n-000252f0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 696c iguration::) wil\n-00025300: 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2073 6574 2061 0a72 l try to set a.r\n-00025310: 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 6465 6661 756c easonable defaul\n-00025320: 7420 666f 7220 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 t for this varia\n-00025330: 626c 6520 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 ble based on the\n-00025340: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6c6f 6361 6c65 2e0a system locale..\n-00025350: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00025360: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 616c fo, Node: local\n-00025370: 655f 6469 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f e_dir, Next: lo\n-00025380: 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c ckdown, Prev: l\n-00025390: 616e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ang, Up: Specia\n-000253a0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-000253b0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3139 riables..15.1.19\n-000253c0: 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 720a 2d2d 2d2d locale_dir.----\n-000253d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-000253e0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n-000253f0: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 is set, it name\n-00025400: 7320 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 s the directory \n-00025410: 7768 6572 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f where translatio\n-00025420: 6e20 6669 6c65 730a 6d61 7920 6265 2066 n files.may be f\n-00025430: 6f75 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 7474 ound (*note gett\n-00025440: 6578 743a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 ext::), usually \n-00025450: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6c6f .../boot/grub/lo\n-00025460: 6361 6c65 e280 992e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 cale.... 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der (*note Chain\n+000228d0: 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 -loading::), GRU\n+000228e0: 4220 6d61 790a 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6b6e B may.need to kn\n+000228f0: 6f77 2077 6861 7420 4249 4f53 2064 7269 ow what BIOS dri\n+00022900: 7665 206e 756d 6265 7220 636f 7272 6573 ve number corres\n+00022910: 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2072 6f6f ponds to the roo\n+00022920: 7420 6465 7669 6365 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 t device.(*note \n+00022930: 726f 6f74 3a3a 2920 736f 2074 6861 7420 root::) so that \n+00022940: 6974 2063 616e 2073 6574 2075 7020 7265 it can set up re\n+00022950: 6769 7374 6572 7320 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 gisters properly\n+00022960: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 4249 4f53 4e55 . If the BIOSNU\n+00022970: 4d0a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 M.variable is se\n+00022980: 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 t, it overrides \n+00022990: 4752 5542 2773 206f 776e 206d 6561 6e73 GRUB's own means\n+000229a0: 206f 6620 6775 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6869 of guessing thi\n+000229b0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2061 6e20 616c s... For an al\n+000229c0: 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 6170 7072 6f61 ternative approa\n+000229d0: 6368 2077 6869 6368 2061 6c73 6f20 6368 ch which also ch\n+000229e0: 616e 6765 7320 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 anges BIOS drive\n+000229f0: 206d 6170 7069 6e67 730a 666f 7220 7468 mappings.for th\n+00022a00: 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2073 e chain-loaded s\n+00022a10: 7973 7465 6d2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 7269 ystem, *note dri\n+00022a20: 7665 6d61 703a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 vemap::.....File\n+00022a30: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00022a40: 6465 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 de: check_signat\n+00022a50: 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 686f ures, Next: cho\n+00022a60: 7365 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6269 6f73 sen, Prev: bios\n+00022a70: 6e75 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 num, Up: Specia\n+00022a80: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00022a90: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3220 riables..15.1.2 \n+00022aa0: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+00022ab0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00022ac0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n+00022ad0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 ariable controls\n+00022ae0: 2077 6865 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 656e whether GRUB en\n+00022af0: 666f 7263 6573 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 forces digital s\n+00022b00: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 0a76 616c 6964 6174 ignature.validat\n+00022b10: 696f 6e20 6f6e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6669 ion on loaded fi\n+00022b20: 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e les. *Note Usin\n+00022b30: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n+00022b40: 7572 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ures::.....File:\n+00022b50: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00022b60: 653a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 e: chosen, Next\n+00022b70: 3a20 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 : cmdpath, Prev\n+00022b80: 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 : check_signatur\n+00022b90: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c es, Up: Special\n+00022ba0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00022bb0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 2063 iables..15.1.3 c\n+00022bc0: 686f 7365 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d hosen.----------\n+00022bd0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a57 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 ---..When execut\n+00022be0: 696e 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 ing a menu entry\n+00022bf0: 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 , GRUB sets the \n+00022c00: 4348 4f53 454e 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 CHOSEN variable \n+00022c10: 746f 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 0a6f 6620 to the title.of \n+00022c20: 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 6265 696e 6720 the entry being \n+00022c30: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 executed... If\n+00022c40: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 the menu entry \n+00022c50: 6973 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 is in one or mor\n+00022c60: 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 2c20 7468 656e e submenus, then\n+00022c70: 2043 484f 5345 4e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 CHOSEN is set t\n+00022c80: 6f0a 7468 6520 7469 746c 6573 206f 6620 o.the titles of \n+00022c90: 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 626d each of the subm\n+00022ca0: 656e 7573 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 enus starting fr\n+00022cb0: 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206c 6576 656c om the top level\n+00022cc0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 640a 6279 2074 6865 followed.by the\n+00022cd0: 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 title of the me\n+00022ce0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7473 656c 662c nu entry itself,\n+00022cf0: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 separated by ..\n+00022d00: 983e e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 .>........File: \n+00022d10: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00022d20: 3a20 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 : cmdpath, Next\n+00022d30: 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 : color_highligh\n+00022d40: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6f73 656e t, Prev: chosen\n+00022d50: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00022d60: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00022d70: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 2063 6d64 bles..15.1.4 cmd\n+00022d80: 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d path.-----------\n+00022d90: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f ---..The locatio\n+00022da0: 6e20 6672 6f6d 2077 6869 6368 20e2 8098 n from which ...\n+00022db0: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7761 7320 core.img... was \n+00022dc0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 loaded as an abs\n+00022dd0: 6f6c 7574 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a olute directory.\n+00022de0: 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 name (*note File\n+00022df0: 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e name syntax::).\n+00022e00: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7365 7420 6279 This is set by\n+00022e10: 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 GRUB at startup\n+00022e20: 2062 6173 6564 0a6f 6e20 696e 666f 726d based.on inform\n+00022e30: 6174 696f 6e20 7265 7475 726e 6564 2062 ation returned b\n+00022e40: 7920 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 6972 6d77 y platform firmw\n+00022e50: 6172 652e 2020 4e6f 7420 6576 6572 7920 are. Not every \n+00022e60: 706c 6174 666f 726d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 platform.provide\n+00022e70: 7320 7468 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 s this informati\n+00022e80: 6f6e 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6d61 7920 on and some may \n+00022e90: 7265 7475 726e 206f 6e6c 7920 6465 7669 return only devi\n+00022ea0: 6365 2077 6974 686f 7574 2070 6174 680a ce without path.\n+00022eb0: 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 name.....File: g\n+00022ec0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00022ed0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 color_highlight\n+00022ee0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e , Next: color_n\n+00022ef0: 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d ormal, Prev: cm\n+00022f00: 6470 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 dpath, Up: Spec\n+00022f10: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00022f20: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00022f30: 3520 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 5 color_highligh\n+00022f40: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+00022f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n+00022f60: 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 ariable contains\n+00022f70: 2074 6865 2022 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7422 the \"highlight\"\n+00022f80: 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 foreground and \n+00022f90: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a74 6572 6d69 background.termi\n+00022fa0: 6e61 6c20 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 7061 nal colors, sepa\n+00022fb0: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 rated by a slash\n+00022fc0: 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 (.../...). Set\n+00022fd0: 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ting this variab\n+00022fe0: 6c65 0a63 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 le.changes those\n+00022ff0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 colors. For th\n+00023000: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f e available colo\n+00023010: 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a63 r names, *note.c\n+00023020: 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a olor_normal::...\n+00023030: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n+00023040: 7320 e280 9862 6c61 636b 2f6c 6967 6874 s ...black/light\n+00023050: 2d67 7261 79e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c -gray........Fil\n+00023060: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00023070: 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 ode: color_norma\n+00023080: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 l, Next: config\n+00023090: 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 2050 7265 _directory, Pre\n+000230a0: 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 v: color_highlig\n+000230b0: 6874 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ht, Up: Special\n+000230c0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000230d0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e36 2063 iables..15.1.6 c\n+000230e0: 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d olor_normal.----\n+000230f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00023100: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 .This variable c\n+00023110: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 226e 6f72 ontains the \"nor\n+00023120: 6d61 6c22 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 mal\" foreground \n+00023130: 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2074 and background t\n+00023140: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 erminal.colors, \n+00023150: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 separated by a s\n+00023160: 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 lash (.../...). \n+00023170: 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 7661 Setting this va\n+00023180: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 riable changes t\n+00023190: 686f 7365 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 4561 hose.colors. Ea\n+000231a0: 6368 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 7573 7420 6265 ch color must be\n+000231b0: 2061 206e 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 a name from the\n+000231c0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206c 6973 743a following list:\n+000231d0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6c61 636b 0a20 .. ... black. \n+000231e0: 2020 e280 a220 626c 7565 0a20 2020 e280 ... blue. ..\n+000231f0: a220 6772 6565 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 . green. ... c\n+00023200: 7961 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2072 6564 0a20 yan. ... red. \n+00023210: 2020 e280 a220 6d61 6765 6e74 610a 2020 ... magenta. \n+00023220: 20e2 80a2 2062 726f 776e 0a20 2020 e280 ... brown. ..\n+00023230: a220 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 . light-gray. \n+00023240: e280 a220 6461 726b 2d67 7261 790a 2020 ... dark-gray. \n+00023250: 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d62 6c75 650a ... light-blue.\n+00023260: 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7265 ... light-gre\n+00023270: 656e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d en. ... light-\n+00023280: 6379 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 cyan. ... ligh\n+00023290: 742d 7265 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 t-red. ... lig\n+000232a0: 6874 2d6d 6167 656e 7461 0a20 2020 e280 ht-magenta. ..\n+000232b0: a220 7965 6c6c 6f77 0a20 2020 e280 a220 . yellow. ... \n+000232c0: 7768 6974 650a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 white.. 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I\n+000239b0: 7420 6973 2072 6573 746f 7265 6420 746f t is restored to\n+000239c0: 2074 6865 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7661 the.previous va\n+000239d0: 6c75 6520 7768 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 lue when command\n+000239e0: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 completes.....F\n+000239f0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00023a00: 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 204e Node: debug, N\n+00023a10: 6578 743a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2050 ext: default, P\n+00023a20: 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 rev: config_file\n+00023a30: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00023a40: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00023a50: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e39 2064 6562 bles..15.1.9 deb\n+00023a60: 7567 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ug.------------.\n+00023a70: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d .This variable m\n+00023a80: 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2065 6e61 ay be set to ena\n+00023a90: 626c 6520 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 ble debugging ou\n+00023aa0: 7470 7574 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 tput from variou\n+00023ab0: 730a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 206f 6620 s.components of \n+00023ac0: 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 GRUB. 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This a\n+00023c90: 6c6c 6f77 7320 7468 6520 6561 7379 2065 llows the easy e\n+00023ca0: 6e61 626c 696e 6720 6f72 2064 6973 6162 nabling or disab\n+00023cb0: 6c69 6e67 0a6f 6620 6661 6369 6c69 7469 ling.of faciliti\n+00023cc0: 6573 2062 7920 6170 7065 6e64 696e 6720 es by appending \n+00023cd0: 6120 e280 982c e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 a ...,... and th\n+00023ce0: 656e 2074 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 en the facility \n+00023cf0: 6e61 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6f72 0a77 6974 name with or.wit\n+00023d00: 686f 7574 2074 6865 206c 6561 6469 6e67 hout the leading\n+00023d10: 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 ...-..., which \n+00023d20: 7769 6c6c 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 will preserve th\n+00023d30: 6520 7374 6174 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 e state of the r\n+00023d40: 6573 7420 6f66 0a74 6865 2066 6163 696c est of.the facil\n+00023d50: 6974 6965 732e 2020 5468 6520 6661 6369 ities. The faci\n+00023d60: 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2074 lity names are t\n+00023d70: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2061 7267 756d 656e he first argumen\n+00023d80: 7420 746f 0a67 7275 625f 6470 7269 6e74 t to.grub_dprint\n+00023d90: 662e 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 7468 6520 f. Consult the \n+00023da0: 736f 7572 6365 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 source for more \n+00023db0: 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 details.....File\n+00023dc0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00023dd0: 6465 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 4e65 de: default, Ne\n+00023de0: 7874 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2050 xt: fallback, P\n+00023df0: 7265 763a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 2055 703a rev: debug, Up:\n+00023e00: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00023e10: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00023e20: 3135 2e31 2e31 3020 6465 6661 756c 740a 15.1.10 default.\n+00023e30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00023e40: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n+00023e50: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2069 6465 e is set, it ide\n+00023e60: 6e74 6966 6965 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 ntifies a menu e\n+00023e70: 6e74 7279 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 ntry that should\n+00023e80: 2062 650a 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2062 7920 be.selected by \n+00023e90: 6465 6661 756c 742c 2070 6f73 7369 626c default, possibl\n+00023ea0: 7920 6166 7465 7220 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 y after a timeou\n+00023eb0: 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 t (*note timeout\n+00023ec0: 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 650a 656e 7472 7920 ::). The.entry \n+00023ed0: 6d61 7920 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 may be identifie\n+00023ee0: 6420 6279 206e 756d 6265 7220 2873 7461 d by number (sta\n+00023ef0: 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2030 2061 7420 rting from 0 at \n+00023f00: 6561 6368 206c 6576 656c 206f 6620 7468 each level of th\n+00023f10: 650a 6869 6572 6172 6368 7929 2c20 6279 e.hierarchy), by\n+00023f20: 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2062 7920 6964 title, or by id\n+00023f30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c ... For exampl\n+00023f40: 652c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 3a0a e, if you have:.\n+00023f50: 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d .menuentry 'Exam\n+00023f60: 706c 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 ple GNU/Linux di\n+00023f70: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c stribution' --cl\n+00023f80: 6173 7320 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d ass gnu-linux --\n+00023f90: 6964 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c id example-gnu-l\n+00023fa0: 696e 7578 207b 0a09 2e2e 2e0a 7d0a 0a20 inux {......}.. \n+00023fb0: 2020 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d then you can m\n+00023fc0: 616b 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 ake this the def\n+00023fd0: 6175 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 ault using:.. \n+00023fe0: 2020 6465 6661 756c 743d 6578 616d 706c default=exampl\n+00023ff0: 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 e-gnu-linux.. \n+00024000: 4966 2074 6865 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 If the entry is \n+00024010: 696e 2061 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2c20 7468 in a submenu, th\n+00024020: 656e 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6964 en it must be id\n+00024030: 656e 7469 6669 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 entified using t\n+00024040: 6865 0a6e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6974 6c65 he.number, title\n+00024050: 2c20 6f72 2069 6420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 , or id of each \n+00024060: 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 of the submenus \n+00024070: 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 starting from th\n+00024080: 6520 746f 700a 6c65 7665 6c2c 2066 6f6c e top.level, fol\n+00024090: 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2074 6865 206e 756d lowed by the num\n+000240a0: 6265 722c 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2069 ber, title, or i\n+000240b0: 6420 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e d of the menu en\n+000240c0: 7472 7920 6974 7365 6c66 2c0a 7769 7468 try itself,.with\n+000240d0: 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 7365 each element se\n+000240e0: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 3ee2 parated by ...>.\n+000240f0: 8099 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ... 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The more r\n+00024250: 6563 656e 7420 7265 6c65 6173 6520 6f66 ecent release of\n+00024260: 204d 696e 6978 2077 6f75 6c64 2074 6865 Minix would the\n+00024270: 6e20 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 n be identified \n+00024280: 6173 20e2 8098 4f74 6865 720a 706c 6174 as ...Other.plat\n+00024290: 666f 726d 733e 4d69 6e69 783e 5665 7273 forms>Minix>Vers\n+000242a0: 696f 6e20 332e 342e 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 ion 3.4.0..., or\n+000242b0: 2061 7320 e280 9831 3e30 3e30 e280 992c as ...1>0>0...,\n+000242c0: 206f 7220 6173 0ae2 8098 6f74 6865 723e or as....other>\n+000242d0: 6d69 6e69 783e 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 342e minix>minix-3.4.\n+000242e0: 30e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 0...... This v\n+000242f0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e ariable is often\n+00024300: 2073 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f set by ...GRUB_\n+00024310: 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 DEFAULT... (*not\n+00024320: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple.configu\n+00024330: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 6772 ration::), ...gr\n+00024340: 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 ub-set-default..\n+00024350: 992c 206f 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d 7265 ., or ...grub-re\n+00024360: 626f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 boot........File\n+00024370: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00024380: 6465 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 204e de: fallback, N\n+00024390: 6578 743a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 ext: gfxmode, P\n+000243a0: 7265 763a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2055 rev: default, U\n+000243b0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+000243c0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+000243d0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3120 6661 6c6c 6261 ..15.1.11 fallba\n+000243e0: 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ck.-------------\n+000243f0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n+00024400: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 iable is set, it\n+00024410: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 6120 6d65 identifies a me\n+00024420: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6861 7420 7368 nu entry that sh\n+00024430: 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 7365 6c65 6374 6564 ould be.selected\n+00024440: 2069 6620 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 if the default \n+00024450: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6169 6c73 menu entry fails\n+00024460: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2e20 2045 6e74 7269 to boot. Entri\n+00024470: 6573 2061 7265 0a69 6465 6e74 6966 6965 es are.identifie\n+00024480: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7761 d in the same wa\n+00024490: 7920 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6465 6661 y as for ...defa\n+000244a0: 756c 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6465 ult... (*note de\n+000244b0: 6661 756c 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c fault::).....Fil\n+000244c0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000244d0: 6f64 653a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e ode: gfxmode, N\n+000244e0: 6578 743a 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c ext: gfxpayload,\n+000244f0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b Prev: fallback\n+00024500: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00024510: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00024520: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3220 6766 bles..15.1.12 gf\n+00024530: 786d 6f64 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d xmode.----------\n+00024540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n+00024550: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 ariable is set, \n+00024560: 6974 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 7265 736f it sets the reso\n+00024570: 6c75 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 lution used on t\n+00024580: 6865 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 he ...gfxterm...\n+00024590: 0a67 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 .graphical termi\n+000245a0: 6e61 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 nal. Note that \n+000245b0: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 you can only use\n+000245c0: 206d 6f64 6573 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 modes which you\n+000245d0: 720a 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 6172 6420 r.graphics card \n+000245e0: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2076 6961 2056 4553 supports via VES\n+000245f0: 4120 4249 4f53 2045 7874 656e 7369 6f6e A BIOS Extension\n+00024600: 7320 2856 4245 292c 2073 6f20 666f 7220 s (VBE), so for \n+00024610: 6578 616d 706c 650a 6e61 7469 7665 204c example.native L\n+00024620: 4344 2070 616e 656c 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 CD panel resolut\n+00024630: 696f 6e73 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 ions may not be \n+00024640: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 available. The \n+00024650: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 0ae2 8098 6175 default is....au\n+00024660: 746f e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2073 656c to..., which sel\n+00024670: 6563 7473 2061 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d ects a platform-\n+00024680: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2064 6566 6175 6c74 specific default\n+00024690: 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f that should loo\n+000246a0: 6b0a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 k.reasonable. S\n+000246b0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206d 6f64 6573 2063 upported modes c\n+000246c0: 616e 2062 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2062 7920 an be listed by \n+000246d0: e280 9876 6964 656f 696e 666f e280 9920 ...videoinfo... \n+000246e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 696e 0a47 5255 422e command in.GRUB.\n+000246f0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 .. The resolut\n+00024700: 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 ion may be speci\n+00024710: 6669 6564 2061 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e fied as a sequen\n+00024720: 6365 206f 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 ce of one or mor\n+00024730: 6520 6d6f 6465 732c 0a73 6570 6172 6174 e modes,.separat\n+00024740: 6564 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 6173 2028 e280 ed by commas (..\n+00024750: 982c e280 9929 206f 7220 7365 6d69 636f .,...) or semico\n+00024760: 6c6f 6e73 2028 e280 983b e280 9929 3b20 lons (...;...); \n+00024770: 6561 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2074 7269 each will be tri\n+00024780: 6564 2069 6e0a 7475 726e 2075 6e74 696c ed in.turn until\n+00024790: 206f 6e65 2069 7320 666f 756e 642e 2020 one is found. \n+000247a0: 4561 6368 206d 6f64 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 Each mode should\n+000247b0: 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 20e2 8098 6175 be either ...au\n+000247c0: 746f e280 992c 0ae2 8098 5749 4454 4878 to...,....WIDTHx\n+000247d0: 4845 4947 4854 e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 HEIGHT..., or ..\n+000247e0: 9857 4944 5448 7848 4549 4748 5478 4445 .WIDTHxHEIGHTxDE\n+000247f0: 5054 48e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a PTH........File:\n+00024800: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00024810: 653a 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 e: gfxpayload, \n+00024820: 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f Next: gfxterm_fo\n+00024830: 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 6d6f nt, Prev: gfxmo\n+00024840: 6465 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c de, Up: Special\n+00024850: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00024860: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3320 iables..15.1.13 \n+00024870: 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d gfxpayload.-----\n+00024880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n+00024890: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n+000248a0: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7472 is set, it contr\n+000248b0: 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f ols the video mo\n+000248c0: 6465 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 de in which the \n+000248d0: 4c69 6e75 780a 6b65 726e 656c 2073 7461 Linux.kernel sta\n+000248e0: 7274 7320 7570 2c20 7265 706c 6163 696e rts up, replacin\n+000248f0: 6720 7468 6520 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 g the ...vga=...\n+00024900: 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e boot option (*n\n+00024910: 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 2e20 2049 ote linux::). I\n+00024920: 740a 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 t.may be set to \n+00024930: e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 666f ...text... to fo\n+00024940: 7263 6520 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 rce the Linux ke\n+00024950: 726e 656c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 rnel to boot in \n+00024960: 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 740a 6d6f 6465 normal text.mode\n+00024970: 2c20 e280 986b 6565 70e2 8099 2074 6f20 , ...keep... to \n+00024980: 7072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2067 7261 preserve the gra\n+00024990: 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2073 6574 2075 phics mode set u\n+000249a0: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 786d 6f64 65e2 sing ...gfxmode.\n+000249b0: 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 6e79 0a6f 6620 7468 .., or any.of th\n+000249c0: 6520 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 7661 6c75 e permitted valu\n+000249d0: 6573 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6766 786d 6f64 es for ...gfxmod\n+000249e0: 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7061 e... to set a pa\n+000249f0: 7274 6963 756c 6172 2067 7261 7068 6963 rticular graphic\n+00024a00: 7320 6d6f 6465 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 6766 s mode.(*note gf\n+00024a10: 786d 6f64 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4465 xmode::)... De\n+00024a20: 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 pending on your \n+00024a30: 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 796f 7572 2064 6973 kernel, your dis\n+00024a40: 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2079 6f75 7220 tribution, your \n+00024a50: 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 6172 642c 2061 graphics card, a\n+00024a60: 6e64 0a74 6865 2070 6861 7365 206f 6620 nd.the phase of \n+00024a70: 7468 6520 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 the moon, note t\n+00024a80: 6861 7420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f hat using this o\n+00024a90: 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6361 7573 6520 ption may cause \n+00024aa0: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 780a 746f 2073 7566 GNU/Linux.to suf\n+00024ab0: 6665 7220 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 696f 7573 fer from various\n+00024ac0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2070 726f 626c 656d display problem\n+00024ad0: 732c 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 s, particularly \n+00024ae0: 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6172 6c79 during the early\n+00024af0: 0a70 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f .part of the boo\n+00024b00: 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 2049 6620 t sequence. If \n+00024b10: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 726f 626c 656d you have problem\n+00024b20: 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 s, set this vari\n+00024b30: 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a e280 9874 6578 74e2 able to....text.\n+00024b40: 8099 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c .. and GRUB will\n+00024b50: 2074 656c 6c20 4c69 6e75 7820 746f 2062 tell Linux to b\n+00024b60: 6f6f 7420 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 oot in normal te\n+00024b70: 7874 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 xt mode... The\n+00024b80: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 706c 6174 default is plat\n+00024b90: 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 632e 2020 form-specific. \n+00024ba0: 4f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6974 On platforms wit\n+00024bb0: 6820 6120 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6578 740a h a native text.\n+00024bc0: 6d6f 6465 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 5043 mode (such as PC\n+00024bd0: 2042 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d 7329 BIOS platforms)\n+00024be0: 2c20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 , the default is\n+00024bf0: 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 992e 2020 4f74 ...text.... Ot\n+00024c00: 6865 7277 6973 6520 7468 650a 6465 6661 herwise the.defa\n+00024c10: 756c 7420 6d61 7920 6265 20e2 8098 6175 ult may be ...au\n+00024c20: 746f e280 9920 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 to... or a speci\n+00024c30: 6669 6320 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2e0a fic video mode..\n+00024c40: 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c . This variabl\n+00024c50: 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 e is often set b\n+00024c60: 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 4746 5850 4159 y ...GRUB_GFXPAY\n+00024c70: 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 9920 282a LOAD_LINUX... (*\n+00024c80: 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 note Simple.conf\n+00024c90: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f iguration::)....\n+00024ca0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00024cb0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 7465 726d , Node: gfxterm\n+00024cc0: 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 _font, Next: gr\n+00024cd0: 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 ub_cpu, Prev: g\n+00024ce0: 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 5570 3a20 fxpayload, Up: \n+00024cf0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00024d00: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00024d10: 352e 312e 3134 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 5.1.14 gfxterm_f\n+00024d20: 6f6e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ont.------------\n+00024d30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 --------..If thi\n+00024d40: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 s variable is se\n+00024d50: 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6120 666f t, it names a fo\n+00024d60: 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7465 nt to use for te\n+00024d70: 7874 206f 6e20 7468 650a e280 9867 6678 xt on the....gfx\n+00024d80: 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 term... graphica\n+00024d90: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204f 7468 l terminal. Oth\n+00024da0: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 e280 9867 6678 7465 erwise, ...gfxte\n+00024db0: 726d e280 9920 6d61 7920 7573 6520 616e rm... may use an\n+00024dc0: 790a 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 6e74 y.available font\n+00024dd0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00024de0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 info, Node: gru\n+00024df0: 625f 6370 752c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 b_cpu, Next: gr\n+00024e00: 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 5072 ub_platform, Pr\n+00024e10: 6576 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 ev: gfxterm_font\n+00024e20: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00024e30: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00024e40: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3520 6772 bles..15.1.15 gr\n+00024e50: 7562 5f63 7075 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ub_cpu.---------\n+00024e60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d -------..In norm\n+00024e70: 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e al mode (*note n\n+00024e80: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 ormal::), GRUB s\n+00024e90: 6574 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 625f ets the ...grub_\n+00024ea0: 6370 75e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 cpu... variable \n+00024eb0: 746f 0a74 6865 2043 5055 2074 7970 6520 to.the CPU type \n+00024ec0: 666f 7220 7768 6963 6820 4752 5542 2077 for which GRUB w\n+00024ed0: 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2028 652e 672e 2020 as built (e.g. \n+00024ee0: e280 9869 3338 36e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 ...i386... or ..\n+00024ef0: 9870 6f77 6572 7063 e280 9929 2e0a 0a1f .powerpc...)....\n+00024f00: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00024f10: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f 706c , Node: grub_pl\n+00024f20: 6174 666f 726d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 atform, Next: i\n+00024f30: 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 condir, Prev: g\n+00024f40: 7275 625f 6370 752c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 rub_cpu, Up: Sp\n+00024f50: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00024f60: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00024f70: 312e 3136 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 1.16 grub_platfo\n+00024f80: 726d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rm.-------------\n+00024f90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 --------..In nor\n+00024fa0: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 mal mode (*note \n+00024fb0: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 normal::), GRUB \n+00024fc0: 7365 7473 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 sets the ...grub\n+00024fd0: 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6de2 8099 2076 6172 _platform... var\n+00024fe0: 6961 626c 650a 746f 2074 6865 2070 6c61 iable.to the pla\n+00024ff0: 7466 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 7768 6963 6820 tform for which \n+00025000: 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2028 GRUB was built (\n+00025010: 652e 672e 2020 e280 9870 63e2 8099 206f e.g. ...pc... o\n+00025020: 7220 e280 9865 6669 e280 9929 2e0a 0a1f r ...efi...)....\n+00025030: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00025040: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 , Node: icondir\n+00025050: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 616e 672c 2020 , Next: lang, \n+00025060: 5072 6576 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 Prev: grub_platf\n+00025070: 6f72 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 orm, Up: Specia\n+00025080: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00025090: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3137 riables..15.1.17\n+000250a0: 2069 636f 6e64 6972 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d icondir.-------\n+000250b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 --------..If thi\n+000250c0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 s variable is se\n+000250d0: 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6120 6469 t, it names a di\n+000250e0: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 696e 2077 6869 6368 rectory in which\n+000250f0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a 6772 6170 6869 the GRUB.graphi\n+00025100: 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2073 686f 756c 6420 cal menu should \n+00025110: 6c6f 6f6b 2066 6f72 2069 636f 6e73 2061 look for icons a\n+00025120: 6674 6572 206c 6f6f 6b69 6e67 2069 6e20 fter looking in \n+00025130: 7468 6520 7468 656d 6527 730a e280 9869 the theme's....i\n+00025140: 636f 6e73 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 cons... director\n+00025150: 792e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 y. *Note Theme \n+00025160: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a file format::...\n+00025170: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00025180: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 o, Node: lang, \n+00025190: 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 Next: locale_di\n+000251a0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 r, Prev: icondi\n+000251b0: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 r, Up: Special \n+000251c0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+000251d0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3138 206c ables..15.1.18 l\n+000251e0: 616e 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ang.------------\n+000251f0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n+00025200: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 le is set, it na\n+00025210: 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 mes the language\n+00025220: 2063 6f64 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 20e2 code that the .\n+00025230: 8098 6765 7474 6578 74e2 8099 0a63 6f6d ..gettext....com\n+00025240: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 7474 mand (*note gett\n+00025250: 6578 743a 3a29 2075 7365 7320 746f 2074 ext::) uses to t\n+00025260: 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 2073 7472 696e 6773 ranslate strings\n+00025270: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a . For example,.\n+00025280: 4672 656e 6368 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 French would be \n+00025290: 6e61 6d65 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6672 e280 named as ...fr..\n+000252a0: 992c 2061 6e64 2053 696d 706c 6966 6965 ., and Simplifie\n+000252b0: 6420 4368 696e 6573 6520 6173 20e2 8098 d Chinese as ...\n+000252c0: 7a68 5f43 4ee2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 zh_CN...... ..\n+000252d0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n+000252e0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 . (*note Simple \n+000252f0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n+00025300: 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2073 6574 will try to set\n+00025310: 2061 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 6465 a.reasonable de\n+00025320: 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 7468 6973 2076 fault for this v\n+00025330: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6261 7365 6420 6f6e ariable based on\n+00025340: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6c6f 6361 the system loca\n+00025350: 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 le.....File: gru\n+00025360: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n+00025370: 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 4e65 7874 ocale_dir, Next\n+00025380: 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 : lockdown, Pre\n+00025390: 763a 206c 616e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 v: lang, Up: Sp\n+000253a0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+000253b0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+000253c0: 312e 3139 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 720a 1.19 locale_dir.\n+000253d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000253e0: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n+000253f0: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 able is set, it \n+00025400: 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 names the direct\n+00025410: 6f72 7920 7768 6572 6520 7472 616e 736c ory where transl\n+00025420: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 730a 6d61 7920 ation files.may \n+00025430: 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 be found (*note \n+00025440: 6765 7474 6578 743a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 gettext::), usua\n+00025450: 6c6c 7920 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 lly .../boot/gru\n+00025460: 622f 6c6f 6361 6c65 e280 992e 2020 4f74 b/locale.... Ot\n+00025470: 6865 7277 6973 652c 0a69 6e74 6572 6e61 herwise,.interna\n+00025480: 7469 6f6e 616c 697a 6174 696f 6e20 6973 tionalization is\n+00025490: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 disabled... .\n+000254a0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n+000254b0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 .. (*note Simple\n+000254c0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a configuration::\n+000254d0: 2920 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2061 2072 6561 ) will set a rea\n+000254e0: 736f 6e61 626c 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 sonable.default \n+000254f0: 666f 7220 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c for this variabl\n+00025500: 6520 6966 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e e if internation\n+00025510: 616c 697a 6174 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6565 alization is nee\n+00025520: 6465 6420 616e 6420 616e 790a 7472 616e ded and any.tran\n+00025530: 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 6172 slation files ar\n+00025540: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 0a0a 1f0a e available.....\n+00025550: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00025560: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e Node: lockdown\n+00025570: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 656e 755f 636f , Next: menu_co\n+00025580: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 lor_highlight, \n+00025590: 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 Prev: locale_dir\n+000255a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+000255b0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000255c0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3020 6c6f bles..15.1.20 lo\n+000255d0: 636b 646f 776e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ckdown.---------\n+000255e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+000255f0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+00025600: 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 992c 2069 7420 to ...y..., it \n+00025610: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 means that GRUB \n+00025620: 6861 7320 656e 7465 7265 6420 2a6e 6f74 has entered *not\n+00025630: 650a 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 206d 6f64 e.Lockdown:: mod\n+00025640: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n+00025650: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 .info, Node: me\n+00025660: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 nu_color_highlig\n+00025670: 6874 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 656e 755f ht, Next: menu_\n+00025680: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 color_normal, P\n+00025690: 7265 763a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 rev: lockdown, \n+000256a0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+000256b0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+000256c0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3231 206d 656e 755f s..15.1.21 menu_\n+000256d0: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 740a color_highlight.\n 000256e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000256f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n-00025700: 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 ariable contains\n-00025710: 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 the foreground \n-00025720: 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 and background c\n-00025730: 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 olors to be used\n-00025740: 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 .for the highlig\n-00025750: 6874 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c hted menu entry,\n-00025760: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 separated by a \n-00025770: 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e slash (.../...).\n-00025780: 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6973 2076 Setting.this v\n-00025790: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 ariable changes \n-000257a0: 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 those colors. F\n-000257b0: 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 or the available\n-000257c0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c0a 2a6e color names,.*n\n-000257d0: 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c ote color_normal\n-000257e0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ::... The defa\n-000257f0: 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ult is the value\n-00025800: 206f 6620 e280 9863 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 of ...color_hig\n-00025810: 686c 6967 6874 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 hlight... (*note\n-00025820: 0a63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 .color_highlight\n-00025830: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-00025840: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00025850: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 menu_color_norma\n-00025860: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 l, Next: net__boot_f\n-00025880: 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 ile, Prev: menu\n-00025890: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 _color_highlight\n-000258a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-000258b0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000258c0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3220 6d65 bles..15.1.22 me\n-000258d0: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a nu_color_normal.\n-000258e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000258f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 ---------..This \n-00025900: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e variable contain\n-00025910: 7320 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 s the foreground\n-00025920: 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 and background \n-00025930: 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 colors to be use\n-00025940: 640a 666f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 6869 6768 6c69 d.for non-highli\n-00025950: 6768 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 ghted menu entri\n-00025960: 6573 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 es, separated by\n-00025970: 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 a slash (.../..\n-00025980: 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 .). Setting.thi\n-00025990: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 s variable chang\n-000259a0: 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e es those colors.\n-000259b0: 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 For the availa\n-000259c0: 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c ble color names,\n-000259d0: 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 .*note color_nor\n-000259e0: 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 mal::... The d\n-000259f0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 7468 6520 7661 efault is the va\n-00025a00: 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 636f 6c6f 725f lue of ...color_\n-00025a10: 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 normal... (*note\n-00025a20: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 color_normal::)\n-00025a30: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00025a40: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-00025a50: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n-00025a60: 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e t_file, Next: n\n-00025a70: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n-00025a80: 6c69 656e 7469 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 lientid, Prev: \n-00025a90: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 menu_color_norma\n-00025aa0: 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 l, Up: Special \n-00025ab0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00025ac0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3233 206e ables..15.1.23 n\n-00025ad0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 et__b\n-00025ae0: 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oot_file.-------\n+000256f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+00025700: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 is variable cont\n+00025710: 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f ains the foregro\n+00025720: 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 und and backgrou\n+00025730: 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f 2062 6520 nd colors to be \n+00025740: 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2068 6967 used.for the hig\n+00025750: 686c 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e hlighted menu en\n+00025760: 7472 792c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 try, separated b\n+00025770: 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 y a slash (.../.\n+00025780: 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 ..). Setting.th\n+00025790: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e is variable chan\n+000257a0: 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 ges those colors\n+000257b0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c . For the avail\n+000257c0: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 able color names\n+000257d0: 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f ,.*note color_no\n+000257e0: 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 rmal::... The \n+000257f0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 default is the v\n+00025800: 616c 7565 206f 6620 e280 9863 6f6c 6f72 alue of ...color\n+00025810: 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 e280 9920 282a _highlight... (*\n+00025820: 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c note.color_highl\n+00025830: 6967 6874 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ight::).....File\n+00025840: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00025850: 6465 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e de: menu_color_n\n+00025860: 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 ormal, Next: ne\n+00025870: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f t__bo\n+00025880: 6f74 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ot_file, Prev: \n+00025890: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c menu_color_highl\n+000258a0: 6967 6874 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 ight, Up: Speci\n+000258b0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+000258c0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 ariables..15.1.2\n+000258d0: 3220 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 2 menu_color_nor\n+000258e0: 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mal.------------\n+000258f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n+00025900: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e his variable con\n+00025910: 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 tains the foregr\n+00025920: 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f ound and backgro\n+00025930: 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 und colors to be\n+00025940: 2075 7365 640a 666f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 6869 used.for non-hi\n+00025950: 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 ghlighted menu e\n+00025960: 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 ntries, separate\n+00025970: 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 d by a slash (..\n+00025980: 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 ./...). Setting\n+00025990: 0a74 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 .this variable c\n+000259a0: 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c hanges those col\n+000259b0: 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 ors. For the av\n+000259c0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 ailable color na\n+000259d0: 6d65 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 mes,.*note color\n+000259e0: 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 _normal::... T\n+000259f0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 7468 he default is th\n+00025a00: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 636f e value of ...co\n+00025a10: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 282a lor_normal... (*\n+00025a20: 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 note color_norma\n+00025a30: 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 l::).....File: g\n+00025a40: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00025a50: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025a60: 5f62 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 _boot_file, Nex\n+00025a70: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__clientid, Pr\n+00025a90: 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e ev: menu_color_n\n+00025aa0: 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 ormal, Up: Spec\n+00025ab0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00025ac0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00025ad0: 3233 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 23 net__boot_file.---\n 00025af0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n-00025b10: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n-00025b20: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00025b30: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__clientid\n-00025b50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__clientu\n-00025b70: 7569 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f uid, Prev: net_\n-00025b80: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f 6f74 _boot\n-00025b90: 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 _file, Up: Spec\n-00025ba0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00025bb0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00025bc0: 3234 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 24 net__clientid.----\n+00025b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00025b10: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n+00025b20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00025b30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+00025b40: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n+00025b50: 6e74 6964 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 ntid, Next: net\n+00025b60: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 __cli\n+00025b70: 656e 7475 7569 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 entuuid, Prev: \n+00025b80: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025b90: 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 boot_file, Up: \n+00025ba0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00025bb0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00025bc0: 352e 312e 3234 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.24 net__clientid.\n 00025be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-00025c00: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00025c10: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00025c20: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__client\n-00025c40: 7575 6964 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 uuid, Next: net\n-00025c50: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 __dhc\n-00025c60: 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 p_server_name, \n-00025c70: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__clientid, \n-00025c90: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00025ca0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00025cb0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3520 6e65 745f es..15.1.25 net_\n-00025cc0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n-00025cd0: 6e74 7575 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ntuuid.---------\n+00025bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025c00: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00025c10: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00025c20: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+00025c30: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c t__cl\n+00025c40: 6965 6e74 7575 6964 2c20 204e 6578 743a ientuuid, Next:\n+00025c50: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025c60: 5f64 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d _dhcp_server_nam\n+00025c70: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 e, Prev: net__client\n+00025c90: 6964 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c id, Up: Special\n+00025ca0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00025cb0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3520 iables..15.1.25 \n+00025cc0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025cd0: 636c 6965 6e74 7575 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d clientuuid.-----\n 00025ce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n-00025d00: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n-00025d10: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00025d20: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__dhcp_serv\n-00025d40: 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 er_name, Next: \n-00025d50: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00025d60: 646f 6d61 696e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e domain, Prev: n\n-00025d70: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n-00025d80: 6c69 656e 7475 7569 642c 2020 5570 3a20 lientuuid, Up: \n-00025d90: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00025da0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00025db0: 352e 312e 3236 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.26 net__dhcp_serv\n-00025dd0: 6572 5f6e 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d er_name.--------\n+00025cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n+00025d00: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+00025d10: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00025d20: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n+00025d30: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 705f INTERFACE>_dhcp_\n+00025d40: 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 4e65 server_name, Ne\n+00025d50: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 xt: net__domain, Pre\n+00025d70: 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 v: net__clientuuid, \n+00025d90: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00025da0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00025db0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3236 206e 6574 5f3c s..15.1.26 net_<\n+00025dc0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 705f INTERFACE>_dhcp_\n+00025dd0: 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d server_name.----\n 00025de0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00025df0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025e00: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n-00025e10: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00025e20: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-00025e30: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f t__do\n-00025e40: 6d61 696e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 main, Next: net\n-00025e50: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 __ext\n-00025e60: 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 5072 ensionspath, Pr\n-00025e70: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ev: net__dhcp_server_\n-00025e90: 6e61 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 name, Up: Speci\n-00025ea0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00025eb0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 ariables..15.1.2\n-00025ec0: 3720 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 7 net__domain.-------\n+00025e00: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+00025e10: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+00025e20: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00025e30: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__domain, Next:\n+00025e50: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025e60: 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c _extensionspath,\n+00025e70: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__dhcp_ser\n+00025e90: 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 ver_name, Up: S\n+00025ea0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00025eb0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00025ec0: 2e31 2e32 3720 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 .1.27 net__domain.---\n 00025ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n-00025f00: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-00025f10: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00025f20: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__extensionsp\n-00025f40: 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ath, Next: net_\n-00025f50: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f 7374 _host\n-00025f60: 6e61 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 name, Prev: net\n-00025f70: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d __dom\n-00025f80: 6169 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ain, Up: Specia\n-00025f90: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00025fa0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3238 riables..15.1.28\n-00025fb0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025fc0: 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 680a _extensionspath.\n-00025fd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n+00025f00: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n+00025f10: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00025f20: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__extensi\n+00025f40: 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 onspath, Next: \n+00025f50: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025f60: 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a hostname, Prev:\n+00025f70: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025f80: 5f64 6f6d 6169 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 _domain, Up: Sp\n+00025f90: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00025fa0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00025fb0: 312e 3238 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.28 net__extensionsp\n+00025fd0: 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ath.------------\n 00025fe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n-00026000: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n-00026010: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00026020: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__hostname, N\n-00026040: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__ip, Prev: \n-00026060: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00026070: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 extensionspath, \n-00026080: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00026090: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000260a0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3920 6e65 745f es..15.1.29 net_\n-000260b0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f 7374 _host\n-000260c0: 6e61 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d name.-----------\n+00025ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00026000: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+00026010: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00026020: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__hostname\n+00026040: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__ip, Pr\n+00026060: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ev: net__extensionspa\n+00026080: 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c th, Up: Special\n+00026090: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000260a0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3920 iables..15.1.29 \n+000260b0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+000260c0: 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d hostname.-------\n 000260d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000260e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n-000260f0: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n-00026100: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00026110: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__ip, Next: ne\n-00026130: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 t__ma\n-00026140: 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 c, Prev: net__hostna\n-00026160: 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c me, Up: Special\n-00026170: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00026180: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3020 iables..15.1.30 \n-00026190: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-000261a0: 6970 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ip.-------------\n-000261b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-000261c0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-000261d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000261e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n-000261f0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 2c20 INTERFACE>_mac, \n-00026200: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__next_serv\n-00026220: 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c er, Prev: net_<\n-00026230: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 702c 2020 INTERFACE>_ip, \n-00026240: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00026250: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00026260: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3331 206e 6574 5f3c s..15.1.31 net_<\n-00026270: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 0a2d INTERFACE>_mac.-\n-00026280: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n-000262a0: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n-000262b0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000262c0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__next_ser\n-000262e0: 7665 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ver, Next: net_\n-000262f0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f 6f74 _root\n-00026300: 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 path, Prev: net\n-00026310: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 __mac\n-00026320: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00026330: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00026340: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3220 6e65 bles..15.1.32 ne\n-00026350: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 t__ne\n-00026360: 7874 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d xt_server.------\n+000260e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+000260f0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+00026100: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00026110: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__ip, Next\n+00026130: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__mac, Prev: ne\n+00026150: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f t__ho\n+00026160: 7374 6e61 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 stname, Up: Spe\n+00026170: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00026180: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00026190: 2e33 3020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .30 net__ip.---------\n+000261b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000261c0: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n+000261d0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+000261e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+000261f0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d et__m\n+00026200: 6163 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c ac, Next: net_<\n+00026210: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 745f INTERFACE>_next_\n+00026220: 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e server, Prev: n\n+00026230: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 et__i\n+00026240: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 p, Up: Special \n+00026250: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00026260: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3331 206e ables..15.1.31 n\n+00026270: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d et__m\n+00026280: 6163 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ac.-------------\n+00026290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+000262a0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n+000262b0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000262c0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+000262d0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 7874 _next\n+000262e0: 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 _server, Next: \n+000262f0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00026300: 726f 6f74 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a rootpath, Prev:\n+00026310: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00026320: 5f6d 6163 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 _mac, Up: Speci\n+00026330: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00026340: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n+00026350: 3220 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2 net__next_server.--\n 00026370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-00026390: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-000263a0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000263b0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n-000263c0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f 7470 INTERFACE>_rootp\n-000263d0: 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ath, Next: net_\n-000263e0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 default_interfac\n-000263f0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 e, Prev: net__next_s\n-00026410: 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 erver, Up: Spec\n-00026420: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00026430: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00026440: 3333 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 33 net__rootpath.----\n+00026380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026390: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n+000263a0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+000263b0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+000263c0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 et__r\n+000263d0: 6f6f 7470 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ootpath, Next: \n+000263e0: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 net_default_inte\n+000263f0: 7266 6163 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 rface, Prev: ne\n+00026400: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 t__ne\n+00026410: 7874 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 xt_server, Up: \n+00026420: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00026430: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00026440: 352e 312e 3333 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.33 net__rootpath.\n 00026460: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026470: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-00026480: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00026490: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000264a0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 o, Node: net_de\n-000264b0: 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c fault_interface,\n-000264c0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Next: net_defa\n-000264d0: 756c 745f 6970 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e ult_ip, Prev: n\n-000264e0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 et__r\n-000264f0: 6f6f 7470 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ootpath, Up: Sp\n-00026500: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00026510: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00026520: 312e 3334 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 1.34 net_default\n-00026530: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d _interface.-----\n+00026470: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026480: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00026490: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+000264a0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+000264b0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 t_default_interf\n+000264c0: 6163 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ace, Next: net_\n+000264d0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 2c20 2050 7265 default_ip, Pre\n+000264e0: 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 v: net__rootpath, Up\n+00026500: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00026510: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00026520: 0a31 352e 312e 3334 206e 6574 5f64 6566 .15.1.34 net_def\n+00026530: 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2d ault_interface.-\n 00026540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00026560: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00026570: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00026580: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Node: net_defaul\n-00026590: 745f 6970 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 t_ip, Next: net\n-000265a0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 2050 _default_mac, P\n-000265b0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 rev: net_default\n-000265c0: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a _interface, Up:\n-000265d0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-000265e0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-000265f0: 3135 2e31 2e33 3520 6e65 745f 6465 6661 15.1.35 net_defa\n-00026600: 756c 745f 6970 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ult_ip.---------\n-00026610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-00026620: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-00026630: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00026640: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n-00026650: 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 204e 6578 efault_mac, Nex\n-00026660: 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 t: net_default_s\n-00026670: 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 erver, Prev: ne\n-00026680: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 2c20 2055 t_default_ip, U\n-00026690: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-000266a0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-000266b0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3620 6e65 745f 6465 ..15.1.36 net_de\n-000266c0: 6661 756c 745f 6d61 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fault_mac.------\n+00026550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n+00026560: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n+00026570: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00026580: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 o, Node: net_de\n+00026590: 6661 756c 745f 6970 2c20 204e 6578 743a fault_ip, Next:\n+000265a0: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 net_default_mac\n+000265b0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Prev: net_def\n+000265c0: 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 ault_interface, \n+000265d0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+000265e0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+000265f0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3520 6e65 745f es..15.1.35 net_\n+00026600: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d default_ip.-----\n+00026610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026620: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n+00026630: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+00026640: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+00026650: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 et_default_mac, \n+00026660: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 Next: net_defau\n+00026670: 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 lt_server, Prev\n+00026680: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 : net_default_ip\n+00026690: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+000266a0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000266b0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3620 6e65 bles..15.1.36 ne\n+000266c0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 630a 2d2d t_default_mac.--\n 000266d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000266e0: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-000266f0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00026700: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-00026710: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 et_default_serve\n-00026720: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 6765 722c r, Next: pager,\n-00026730: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Prev: net_defa\n-00026740: 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ult_mac, Up: Sp\n-00026750: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00026760: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00026770: 312e 3337 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 1.37 net_default\n-00026780: 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _server.--------\n+000266e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+000266f0: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+00026700: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00026710: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 e: net_default_s\n+00026720: 6572 7665 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 erver, Next: pa\n+00026730: 6765 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ger, Prev: net_\n+00026740: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 5570 default_mac, Up\n+00026750: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00026760: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00026770: 0a31 352e 312e 3337 206e 6574 5f64 6566 .15.1.37 net_def\n+00026780: 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d ault_server.----\n 00026790: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000267a0: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-000267b0: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-000267c0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000267d0: 7061 6765 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7072 pager, Next: pr\n-000267e0: 6566 6978 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 efix, Prev: net\n-000267f0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c _default_server,\n-00026800: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00026810: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00026820: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3338 2070 6167 les..15.1.38 pag\n-00026830: 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d er.-------------\n-00026840: 0a0a 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9831 ..If set to ...1\n-00026850: e280 992c 2070 6175 7365 206f 7574 7075 ..., pause outpu\n-00026860: 7420 6166 7465 7220 6561 6368 2073 6372 t after each scr\n-00026870: 6565 6e66 756c 2061 6e64 2077 6169 7420 eenful and wait \n-00026880: 666f 7220 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 0a69 6e70 for keyboard.inp\n-00026890: 7574 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ut. The default\n-000268a0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 746f 2070 6175 7365 is not to pause\n-000268b0: 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 output.....File\n-000268c0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000268d0: 6465 3a20 7072 6566 6978 2c20 204e 6578 de: prefix, Nex\n-000268e0: 743a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 t: pxe_blksize, \n-000268f0: 2050 7265 763a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 2055 Prev: pager, U\n-00026900: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00026910: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00026920: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3920 7072 6566 6978 ..15.1.39 prefix\n-00026930: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-00026940: 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 .The location of\n-00026950: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 the .../boot/gr\n-00026960: 7562 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 ub... directory \n-00026970: 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 as an absolute f\n-00026980: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 ile name.(*note \n-00026990: 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 File name syntax\n-000269a0: 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f ::). This is no\n-000269b0: 726d 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 rmally set by GR\n-000269c0: 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 7475 700a 6261 UB at startup.ba\n-000269d0: 7365 6420 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 sed on informati\n-000269e0: 6f6e 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 20e2 on provided by .\n-000269f0: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n-00026a00: 992e 2020 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 .. GRUB modules\n-00026a10: 2061 7265 0a64 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 are.dynamically\n-00026a20: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 loaded from thi\n-00026a30: 7320 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2073 6f20 s directory, so \n-00026a40: 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 6574 2063 it must be set c\n-00026a50: 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e0a 6f72 6465 orrectly in.orde\n-00026a60: 7220 666f 7220 6d61 6e79 2070 6172 7473 r for many parts\n-00026a70: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 776f 726b of GRUB to work\n-00026a80: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00026a90: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 info, Node: pxe\n-00026aa0: 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 204e 6578 743a _blksize, Next:\n-00026ab0: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 pxe_default_gat\n-00026ac0: 6577 6179 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 7265 eway, Prev: pre\n-00026ad0: 6669 782c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 fix, Up: Specia\n-00026ae0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00026af0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3430 riables..15.1.40\n-00026b00: 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 0a2d 2d2d pxe_blksize.---\n-00026b10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026b20: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n-00026b30: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00026b40: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 .info, Node: px\n-00026b50: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 e_default_gatewa\n-00026b60: 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 6465 y, Next: pxe_de\n-00026b70: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2050 fault_server, P\n-00026b80: 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 rev: pxe_blksize\n-00026b90: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00026ba0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00026bb0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3120 7078 bles..15.1.41 px\n-00026bc0: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 e_default_gatewa\n-00026bd0: 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d y.--------------\n-00026be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-00026bf0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-00026c00: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00026c10: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f64 fo, Node: pxe_d\n-00026c20: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 efault_server, \n-00026c30: 4e65 7874 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 Next: root, Pre\n-00026c40: 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 v: pxe_default_g\n-00026c50: 6174 6577 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 ateway, Up: Spe\n-00026c60: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00026c70: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00026c80: 2e34 3220 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f .42 pxe_default_\n-00026c90: 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d server.---------\n+000267a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n+000267b0: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n+000267c0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000267d0: 6465 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 4e65 7874 de: pager, Next\n+000267e0: 3a20 7072 6566 6978 2c20 2050 7265 763a : prefix, Prev:\n+000267f0: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 net_default_ser\n+00026800: 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ver, Up: Specia\n+00026810: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00026820: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3338 riables..15.1.38\n+00026830: 2070 6167 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d pager.---------\n+00026840: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ----..If set to \n+00026850: e280 9831 e280 992c 2070 6175 7365 206f ...1..., pause o\n+00026860: 7574 7075 7420 6166 7465 7220 6561 6368 utput after each\n+00026870: 2073 6372 6565 6e66 756c 2061 6e64 2077 screenful and w\n+00026880: 6169 7420 666f 7220 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 ait for keyboard\n+00026890: 0a69 6e70 7574 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 .input. The def\n+000268a0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 746f 2070 ault is not to p\n+000268b0: 6175 7365 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a ause output.....\n+000268c0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000268d0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6566 6978 2c20 Node: prefix, \n+000268e0: 204e 6578 743a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 Next: pxe_blksi\n+000268f0: 7a65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6167 6572 ze, Prev: pager\n+00026900: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00026910: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00026920: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3920 7072 bles..15.1.39 pr\n+00026930: 6566 6978 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d efix.-----------\n+00026940: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f ---..The locatio\n+00026950: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f n of the .../boo\n+00026960: 742f 6772 7562 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 t/grub... direct\n+00026970: 6f72 7920 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 ory as an absolu\n+00026980: 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a28 2a6e te file name.(*n\n+00026990: 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 ote File name sy\n+000269a0: 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 ntax::). This i\n+000269b0: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 s normally set b\n+000269c0: 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 7475 y GRUB at startu\n+000269d0: 700a 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 p.based on infor\n+000269e0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 mation provided \n+000269f0: 6279 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 by ...grub-insta\n+00026a00: 6c6c e280 992e 2020 4752 5542 206d 6f64 ll.... GRUB mod\n+00026a10: 756c 6573 2061 7265 0a64 796e 616d 6963 ules are.dynamic\n+00026a20: 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 6f6d ally loaded from\n+00026a30: 2074 6869 7320 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c this directory,\n+00026a40: 2073 6f20 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 so it must be s\n+00026a50: 6574 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e0a et correctly in.\n+00026a60: 6f72 6465 7220 666f 7220 6d61 6e79 2070 order for many p\n+00026a70: 6172 7473 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 arts of GRUB to \n+00026a80: 776f 726b 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 work.....File: g\n+00026a90: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00026aa0: 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 204e pxe_blksize, N\n+00026ab0: 6578 743a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ext: pxe_default\n+00026ac0: 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 2050 7265 763a _gateway, Prev:\n+00026ad0: 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 prefix, Up: Sp\n+00026ae0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00026af0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00026b00: 312e 3430 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 1.40 pxe_blksize\n+00026b10: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00026b20: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+00026b30: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+00026b40: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00026b50: 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 : pxe_default_ga\n+00026b60: 7465 7761 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 teway, Next: px\n+00026b70: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e_default_server\n+00026b80: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b , Prev: pxe_blk\n+00026b90: 7369 7a65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 size, Up: Speci\n+00026ba0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00026bb0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n+00026bc0: 3120 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 1 pxe_default_ga\n+00026bd0: 7465 7761 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d teway.----------\n+00026be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026bf0: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n+00026c00: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+00026c10: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 b.info, Node: p\n+00026c20: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 xe_default_serve\n+00026c30: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 r, Next: root, \n+00026c40: 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 Prev: pxe_defau\n+00026c50: 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 2055 703a lt_gateway, Up:\n+00026c60: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00026c70: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00026c80: 3135 2e31 2e34 3220 7078 655f 6465 6661 15.1.42 pxe_defa\n+00026c90: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ult_server.-----\n 00026ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026cb0: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00026cc0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00026cd0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 b.info, Node: r\n-00026ce0: 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 696d oot, Next: shim\n-00026cf0: 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 _lock, Prev: px\n-00026d00: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e_default_server\n-00026d10: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00026d20: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00026d30: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3320 726f bles..15.1.43 ro\n-00026d40: 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ot.------------.\n-00026d50: 0a54 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 .The root device\n-00026d60: 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 name (*note Dev\n-00026d70: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 ice syntax::). \n-00026d80: 416e 7920 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2074 Any file names t\n-00026d90: 6861 7420 646f 0a6e 6f74 2073 7065 6369 hat do.not speci\n-00026da0: 6679 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 fy an explicit d\n-00026db0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7265 2072 evice name are r\n-00026dc0: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 7320 6465 ead from this de\n-00026dd0: 7669 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a64 6566 6175 vice. The.defau\n-00026de0: 6c74 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2073 lt is normally s\n-00026df0: 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 et by GRUB at st\n-00026e00: 6172 7475 7020 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 artup based on t\n-00026e10: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a e280 9870 he value of....p\n-00026e20: 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 refix... (*note \n-00026e30: 7072 6566 6978 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2046 prefix::)... F\n-00026e40: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2047 or example, if G\n-00026e50: 5255 4220 7761 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c65 RUB was installe\n-00026e60: 6420 746f 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 d to the first p\n-00026e70: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a artition of the.\n-00026e80: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c first hard disk,\n-00026e90: 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 then ...prefix.\n-00026ea0: 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 .. might be set \n-00026eb0: 746f 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 to ...(hd0,msdos\n-00026ec0: 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 990a 1)/boot/grub....\n-00026ed0: 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2074 and ...root... t\n-00026ee0: 6f20 e280 9868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 31e2 o ...hd0,msdos1.\n-00026ef0: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n-00026f00: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n-00026f10: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a him_lock, Next:\n-00026f20: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c 2020 5072 superusers, Pr\n-00026f30: 6576 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 ev: root, Up: S\n-00026f40: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00026f50: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00026f60: 2e31 2e34 3420 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b0a .1.44 shim_lock.\n-00026f70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026f80: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n-00026f90: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ble is set to ..\n-00026fa0: 9879 e280 992c 2069 7420 6d65 616e 7320 .y..., it means \n-00026fb0: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f that the shim_lo\n-00026fc0: 636b 2076 6572 6966 6965 7220 6973 0a72 ck verifier is.r\n-00026fd0: 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 2873 6565 202a egistered (see *\n-00026fe0: 6e6f 7465 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 note UEFI secure\n-00026ff0: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 3a3a boot and shim::\n-00027000: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-00027010: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 .info, Node: su\n-00027020: 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 204e 6578 743a perusers, Next:\n-00027030: 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 theme, Prev: s\n-00027040: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2053 him_lock, Up: S\n-00027050: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00027060: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00027070: 2e31 2e34 3520 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 .1.45 superusers\n-00027080: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00027090: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ---..This variab\n-000270a0: 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f le may be set to\n-000270b0: 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7570 6572 a list of super\n-000270c0: 7573 6572 206e 616d 6573 2074 6f20 656e user names to en\n-000270d0: 6162 6c65 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 able.authenticat\n-000270e0: 696f 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 742e 2020 2a4e ion support. *N\n-000270f0: 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a ote Security::..\n-00027100: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00027110: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6865 6d65 fo, Node: theme\n-00027120: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 , Next: timeout\n-00027130: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 7570 6572 7573 , Prev: superus\n-00027140: 6572 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ers, Up: Specia\n-00027150: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00027160: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3436 riables..15.1.46\n-00027170: 2074 6865 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d theme.---------\n-00027180: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n-00027190: 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 ble may be set t\n-000271a0: 6f20 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 636f o a directory co\n-000271b0: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 ntaining a GRUB \n-000271c0: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 0a74 graphical menu.t\n-000271d0: 6865 6d65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 6865 heme. *Note The\n-000271e0: 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 3a3a me file format::\n-000271f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ... This varia\n-00027200: 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 ble is often set\n-00027210: 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5448 454d by ...GRUB_THEM\n-00027220: 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 E... (*note Simp\n-00027230: 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le.configuration\n-00027240: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-00027250: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00027260: 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 timeout, Next: \n-00027270: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c 2020 timeout_style, \n-00027280: 5072 6576 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 5570 Prev: theme, Up\n-00027290: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-000272a0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-000272b0: 0a31 352e 312e 3437 2074 696d 656f 7574 .15.1.47 timeout\n-000272c0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-000272d0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n-000272e0: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 7370 le is set, it sp\n-000272f0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7469 6d65 ecifies the time\n-00027300: 2069 6e20 7365 636f 6e64 7320 746f 2077 in seconds to w\n-00027310: 6169 7420 666f 720a 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 ait for.keyboard\n-00027320: 2069 6e70 7574 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f input before bo\n-00027330: 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c oting the defaul\n-00027340: 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2041 t menu entry. A\n-00027350: 2074 696d 656f 7574 206f 6620 e280 9830 timeout of ...0\n-00027360: e280 990a 6d65 616e 7320 746f 2062 6f6f ....means to boo\n-00027370: 7420 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e t the default en\n-00027380: 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 try immediately \n-00027390: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7969 without displayi\n-000273a0: 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 753b 0a61 2074 ng the menu;.a t\n-000273b0: 696d 656f 7574 206f 6620 e280 982d 31e2 imeout of ...-1.\n-000273c0: 8099 2028 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 2920 6d65 .. (or unset) me\n-000273d0: 616e 7320 746f 2077 6169 7420 696e 6465 ans to wait inde\n-000273e0: 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 finitely... If\n-000273f0: 20e2 8098 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c ...timeout_styl\n-00027400: 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 e... (*note time\n-00027410: 6f75 745f 7374 796c 653a 3a29 2069 7320 out_style::) is \n-00027420: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 set to ...countd\n-00027430: 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 720a e280 9868 6964 own... or....hid\n-00027440: 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 7469 6d65 den..., the time\n-00027450: 6f75 7420 6973 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2063 out is instead c\n-00027460: 6f75 6e74 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 ounted before th\n-00027470: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6469 7370 6c61 e menu is displa\n-00027480: 7965 642e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 yed... This va\n-00027490: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 riable is often \n-000274a0: 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 set by ...GRUB_T\n-000274b0: 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 IMEOUT... (*note\n-000274c0: 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple.configur\n-000274d0: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ation::).....Fil\n-000274e0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000274f0: 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 ode: timeout_sty\n-00027500: 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 706d 5f66 le, Next: tpm_f\n-00027510: 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 ail_fatal, Prev\n-00027520: 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5570 3a20 : timeout, Up: \n-00027530: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00027540: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00027550: 352e 312e 3438 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 5.1.48 timeout_s\n-00027560: 7479 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tyle.-----------\n-00027570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 ----------..This\n-00027580: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 variable may be\n-00027590: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 986d 656e 75e2 set to ...menu.\n-000275a0: 8099 2c20 e280 9863 6f75 6e74 646f 776e .., ...countdown\n-000275b0: e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 ..., or ...hidde\n-000275c0: 6ee2 8099 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a n... to control.\n-000275d0: 7468 6520 7761 7920 696e 2077 6869 6368 the way in which\n-000275e0: 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2028 2a6e the timeout (*n\n-000275f0: 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 2069 ote timeout::) i\n-00027600: 6e74 6572 6163 7473 2077 6974 6820 6469 nteracts with di\n-00027610: 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 0a74 6865 206d 656e splaying.the men\n-00027620: 752e 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 646f 6375 u. See the docu\n-00027630: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 mentation of ...\n-00027640: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n-00027650: 4c45 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d LE... (*note Sim\n-00027660: 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple.configuratio\n-00027670: 6e3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 n::) for details\n-00027680: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00027690: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 706d info, Node: tpm\n-000276a0: 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c2c 2020 5072 _fail_fatal, Pr\n-000276b0: 6576 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c ev: timeout_styl\n-000276c0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 e, Up: Special \n-000276d0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-000276e0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3439 2074 ables..15.1.49 t\n-000276f0: 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c0a 2d2d pm_fail_fatal.--\n-00027700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00027710: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n-00027720: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 616e riable is set an\n-00027730: 6420 7472 7565 2028 692e 652e 2c20 6e6f d true (i.e., no\n-00027740: 7420 7365 7420 746f 2022 3022 2c20 2266 t set to \"0\", \"f\n-00027750: 616c 7365 222c 0a22 6469 7361 626c 6522 alse\",.\"disable\"\n-00027760: 2c20 6f72 2022 6e6f 2229 2c20 5450 4d20 , or \"no\"), TPM \n-00027770: 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2074 6861 measurements tha\n-00027780: 7420 6661 696c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2074 t fail will be t\n-00027790: 7265 6174 6564 2061 730a 6661 7461 6c2e reated as.fatal.\n-000277a0: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 Otherwise, the\n-000277b0: 7920 7769 6c6c 206d 6572 656c 7920 6265 y will merely be\n-000277c0: 2064 6562 7567 2d6c 6f67 6765 6420 616e debug-logged an\n-000277d0: 6420 626f 6f74 2077 696c 6c0a 636f 6e74 d boot will.cont\n-000277e0: 696e 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4361 6c6c 2074 inue... Call t\n-000277f0: 6f20 4546 4920 6669 726d 7761 7265 2c20 o EFI firmware, \n-00027800: 6c69 6b65 2068 6173 685f 6c6f 675f 6578 like hash_log_ex\n-00027810: 7465 6e64 5f65 7665 6e74 2829 2c20 6361 tend_event(), ca\n-00027820: 6e20 7265 7475 726e 2061 6e0a 756e 6b6e n return an.unkn\n-00027830: 6f77 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2069 2e65 2e20 own error, i.e. \n-00027840: 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6275 6720 7072 6573 due to bug pres\n-00027850: 656e 7420 696e 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e ent in firmware.\n-00027860: 2020 5768 656e 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 When this vari\n-00027870: 6162 6c65 0a69 7320 7365 7420 616e 6420 able.is set and \n-00027880: 7472 7565 2028 7361 6d65 2076 616c 7565 true (same value\n-00027890: 7320 6173 2077 6974 6820 5450 4d20 6d65 s as with TPM me\n-000278a0: 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2920 7468 6973 asurements) this\n-000278b0: 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 0a77 696c 6c20 situation.will \n-000278c0: 6265 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 746f be considered to\n-000278d0: 2062 6520 6661 7461 6c20 616e 6420 6572 be fatal and er\n-000278e0: 726f 722d 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 7320 2275 ror-logged as \"u\n-000278f0: 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2054 504d 2065 7272 6f72 nknown TPM error\n-00027900: 222e 0a49 6620 6e6f 7420 7365 742c 2062 \"..If not set, b\n-00027910: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 204f 5320 7769 ooting the OS wi\n-00027920: 6c6c 2062 6520 656e 6162 6c65 642e 0a0a ll be enabled...\n-00027930: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00027940: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 456e 7669 726f o, Node: Enviro\n-00027950: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5072 nment block, Pr\n-00027960: 6576 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 ev: Special envi\n-00027970: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00027980: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d s, Up: Environm\n-00027990: 656e 740a 0a31 352e 3220 5468 6520 4752 ent..15.2 The GR\n-000279a0: 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 UB environment b\n-000279b0: 6c6f 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d lock.===========\n+00026cb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+00026cc0: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+00026cd0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00026ce0: 653a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: root, Next: \n+00026cf0: 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 shim_lock, Prev\n+00026d00: 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 : pxe_default_se\n+00026d10: 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 rver, Up: Speci\n+00026d20: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00026d30: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n+00026d40: 3320 726f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 root.---------\n+00026d50: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 ---..The root de\n+00026d60: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 vice name (*note\n+00026d70: 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a Device syntax::\n+00026d80: 292e 2020 416e 7920 6669 6c65 206e 616d ). Any file nam\n+00026d90: 6573 2074 6861 7420 646f 0a6e 6f74 2073 es that do.not s\n+00026da0: 7065 6369 6679 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 pecify an explic\n+00026db0: 6974 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 it device name a\n+00026dc0: 7265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 re read from thi\n+00026dd0: 7320 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a64 s device. The.d\n+00026de0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c efault is normal\n+00026df0: 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 ly set by GRUB a\n+00026e00: 7420 7374 6172 7475 7020 6261 7365 6420 t startup based \n+00026e10: 6f6e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a on the value of.\n+00026e20: e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e ...prefix... (*n\n+00026e30: 6f74 6520 7072 6566 6978 3a3a 292e 0a0a ote prefix::)...\n+00026e40: 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 For example, \n+00026e50: 6966 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 696e 7374 if GRUB was inst\n+00026e60: 616c 6c65 6420 746f 2074 6865 2066 6972 alled to the fir\n+00026e70: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 st partition of \n+00026e80: 7468 650a 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the.first hard d\n+00026e90: 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9870 7265 isk, then ...pre\n+00026ea0: 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 fix... might be \n+00026eb0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c6d set to ...(hd0,m\n+00026ec0: 7364 6f73 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 sdos1)/boot/grub\n+00026ed0: e280 990a 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 ....and ...root.\n+00026ee0: 8099 2074 6f20 e280 9868 6430 2c6d 7364 .. to ...hd0,msd\n+00026ef0: 6f73 31e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a os1........File:\n+00026f00: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00026f10: 653a 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 204e e: shim_lock, N\n+00026f20: 6578 743a 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c ext: superusers,\n+00026f30: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 2055 Prev: root, U\n+00026f40: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00026f50: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00026f60: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3420 7368 696d 5f6c ..15.1.44 shim_l\n+00026f70: 6f63 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ock.------------\n+00026f80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n+00026f90: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 ariable is set t\n+00026fa0: 6f20 e280 9879 e280 992c 2069 7420 6d65 o ...y..., it me\n+00026fb0: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2073 6869 ans that the shi\n+00026fc0: 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2076 6572 6966 6965 7220 m_lock verifier \n+00026fd0: 6973 0a72 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 2873 is.registered (s\n+00026fe0: 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2055 4546 4920 7365 ee *note UEFI se\n+00026ff0: 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 cure boot and sh\n+00027000: 696d 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 im::).....File: \n+00027010: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00027020: 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 204e : superusers, N\n+00027030: 6578 743a 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 ext: theme, Pre\n+00027040: 763a 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 2055 v: shim_lock, U\n+00027050: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00027060: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00027070: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3520 7375 7065 7275 ..15.1.45 superu\n+00027080: 7365 7273 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sers.-----------\n+00027090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+000270a0: 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 riable may be se\n+000270b0: 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 t to a list of s\n+000270c0: 7570 6572 7573 6572 206e 616d 6573 2074 uperuser names t\n+000270d0: 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 o enable.authent\n+000270e0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 742e ication support.\n+000270f0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 *Note Security\n+00027100: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+00027110: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 b.info, Node: t\n+00027120: 6865 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d heme, Next: tim\n+00027130: 656f 7574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 7570 eout, Prev: sup\n+00027140: 6572 7573 6572 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 erusers, Up: Sp\n+00027150: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00027160: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00027170: 312e 3436 2074 6865 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 1.46 theme.-----\n+00027180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n+00027190: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 ariable may be s\n+000271a0: 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 et to a director\n+000271b0: 7920 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 2047 y containing a G\n+000271c0: 5255 4220 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 RUB graphical me\n+000271d0: 6e75 0a74 6865 6d65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 nu.theme. *Note\n+000271e0: 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d Theme file form\n+000271f0: 6174 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 at::... This v\n+00027200: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e ariable is often\n+00027210: 2073 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f set by ...GRUB_\n+00027220: 5448 454d 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 THEME... (*note \n+00027230: 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple.configura\n+00027240: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 tion::).....File\n+00027250: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00027260: 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 4e65 de: timeout, Ne\n+00027270: 7874 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c xt: timeout_styl\n+00027280: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7468 656d 652c e, Prev: theme,\n+00027290: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+000272a0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+000272b0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3437 2074 696d les..15.1.47 tim\n+000272c0: 656f 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eout.-----------\n+000272d0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n+000272e0: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n+000272f0: 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 t specifies the \n+00027300: 7469 6d65 2069 6e20 7365 636f 6e64 7320 time in seconds \n+00027310: 746f 2077 6169 7420 666f 720a 6b65 7962 to wait for.keyb\n+00027320: 6f61 7264 2069 6e70 7574 2062 6566 6f72 oard input befor\n+00027330: 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 e booting the de\n+00027340: 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 fault menu entry\n+00027350: 2e20 2041 2074 696d 656f 7574 206f 6620 . A timeout of \n+00027360: e280 9830 e280 990a 6d65 616e 7320 746f ...0....means to\n+00027370: 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c boot the defaul\n+00027380: 7420 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 t entry immediat\n+00027390: 656c 7920 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 ely without disp\n+000273a0: 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 753b laying the menu;\n+000273b0: 0a61 2074 696d 656f 7574 206f 6620 e280 .a timeout of ..\n+000273c0: 982d 31e2 8099 2028 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 .-1... (or unset\n+000273d0: 2920 6d65 616e 7320 746f 2077 6169 7420 ) means to wait \n+000273e0: 696e 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 indefinitely... \n+000273f0: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 7469 6d65 6f75 745f If ...timeout_\n+00027400: 7374 796c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 style... (*note \n+00027410: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 653a 3a29 timeout_style::)\n+00027420: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f is set to ...co\n+00027430: 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 720a e280 untdown... or...\n+00027440: 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 .hidden..., the \n+00027450: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6973 2069 6e73 7465 timeout is inste\n+00027460: 6164 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2062 6566 6f72 ad counted befor\n+00027470: 6520 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6469 e the menu is di\n+00027480: 7370 6c61 7965 642e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 splayed... Thi\n+00027490: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 s variable is of\n+000274a0: 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 ten set by ...GR\n+000274b0: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 282a UB_TIMEOUT... (*\n+000274c0: 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 note Simple.conf\n+000274d0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f iguration::)....\n+000274e0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000274f0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 , Node: timeout\n+00027500: 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 _style, Next: t\n+00027510: 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c2c 2020 pm_fail_fatal, \n+00027520: 5072 6576 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 Prev: timeout, \n+00027530: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00027540: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00027550: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3438 2074 696d 656f s..15.1.48 timeo\n+00027560: 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ut_style.-------\n+00027570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00027580: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 This variable ma\n+00027590: 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 986d y be set to ...m\n+000275a0: 656e 75e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 6f75 6e74 enu..., ...count\n+000275b0: 646f 776e e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 9868 down..., or ...h\n+000275c0: 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 idden... to cont\n+000275d0: 726f 6c0a 7468 6520 7761 7920 696e 2077 rol.the way in w\n+000275e0: 6869 6368 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 hich the timeout\n+000275f0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 743a (*note timeout:\n+00027600: 3a29 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7473 2077 6974 :) interacts wit\n+00027610: 6820 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 0a74 6865 h displaying.the\n+00027620: 206d 656e 752e 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 menu. See the \n+00027630: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 documentation of\n+00027640: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+00027650: 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 _STYLE... (*note\n+00027660: 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple.configur\n+00027670: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2064 6574 ation::) for det\n+00027680: 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ails.....File: g\n+00027690: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000276a0: 2074 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c2c tpm_fail_fatal,\n+000276b0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f Prev: timeout_\n+000276c0: 7374 796c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 style, Up: Spec\n+000276d0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+000276e0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+000276f0: 3439 2074 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 49 tpm_fail_fata\n+00027700: 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l.--------------\n+00027710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 --------..If thi\n+00027720: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 s variable is se\n+00027730: 7420 616e 6420 7472 7565 2028 692e 652e t and true (i.e.\n+00027740: 2c20 6e6f 7420 7365 7420 746f 2022 3022 , not set to \"0\"\n+00027750: 2c20 2266 616c 7365 222c 0a22 6469 7361 , \"false\",.\"disa\n+00027760: 626c 6522 2c20 6f72 2022 6e6f 2229 2c20 ble\", or \"no\"), \n+00027770: 5450 4d20 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 TPM measurements\n+00027780: 2074 6861 7420 6661 696c 2077 696c 6c20 that fail will \n+00027790: 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 730a 6661 be treated as.fa\n+000277a0: 7461 6c2e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c tal. Otherwise,\n+000277b0: 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 206d 6572 656c they will merel\n+000277c0: 7920 6265 2064 6562 7567 2d6c 6f67 6765 y be debug-logge\n+000277d0: 6420 616e 6420 626f 6f74 2077 696c 6c0a d and boot will.\n+000277e0: 636f 6e74 696e 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4361 continue... Ca\n+000277f0: 6c6c 2074 6f20 4546 4920 6669 726d 7761 ll to EFI firmwa\n+00027800: 7265 2c20 6c69 6b65 2068 6173 685f 6c6f re, like hash_lo\n+00027810: 675f 6578 7465 6e64 5f65 7665 6e74 2829 g_extend_event()\n+00027820: 2c20 6361 6e20 7265 7475 726e 2061 6e0a , can return an.\n+00027830: 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2069 unknown error, i\n+00027840: 2e65 2e20 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6275 6720 .e. due to bug \n+00027850: 7072 6573 656e 7420 696e 2066 6972 6d77 present in firmw\n+00027860: 6172 652e 2020 5768 656e 2074 6869 7320 are. When this \n+00027870: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a69 7320 7365 7420 variable.is set \n+00027880: 616e 6420 7472 7565 2028 7361 6d65 2076 and true (same v\n+00027890: 616c 7565 7320 6173 2077 6974 6820 5450 alues as with TP\n+000278a0: 4d20 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2920 M measurements) \n+000278b0: 7468 6973 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 0a77 this situation.w\n+000278c0: 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 ill be considere\n+000278d0: 6420 746f 2062 6520 6661 7461 6c20 616e d to be fatal an\n+000278e0: 6420 6572 726f 722d 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 d error-logged a\n+000278f0: 7320 2275 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2054 504d 2065 s \"unknown TPM e\n+00027900: 7272 6f72 222e 0a49 6620 6e6f 7420 7365 rror\"..If not se\n+00027910: 742c 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 204f t, booting the O\n+00027920: 5320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 656e 6162 6c65 S will be enable\n+00027930: 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 d.....File: grub\n+00027940: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 456e .info, Node: En\n+00027950: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2c vironment block,\n+00027960: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 Prev: Special \n+00027970: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00027980: 6162 6c65 732c 2020 5570 3a20 456e 7669 ables, Up: Envi\n+00027990: 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 0a31 352e 3220 5468 ronment..15.2 Th\n+000279a0: 6520 4752 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 e GRUB environme\n+000279b0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nt block.=======\n 000279c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000279d0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 6f66 7465 ====..It is ofte\n-000279e0: 6e20 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6265 2061 n useful to be a\n-000279f0: 626c 6520 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 ble to remember \n-00027a00: 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f a small amount o\n-00027a10: 6620 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 6672 f information.fr\n-00027a20: 6f6d 206f 6e65 2062 6f6f 7420 746f 2074 om one boot to t\n-00027a30: 6865 206e 6578 742e 2020 466f 7220 6578 he next. For ex\n-00027a40: 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206d 6967 6874 ample, you might\n-00027a50: 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2074 6865 want to set the\n-00027a60: 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e .default menu en\n-00027a70: 7472 7920 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2077 6861 try based on wha\n-00027a80: 7420 7761 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2074 t was selected t\n-00027a90: 6865 206c 6173 7420 7469 6d65 2e20 2047 he last time. G\n-00027aa0: 5255 420a 6465 6c69 6265 7261 7465 6c79 RUB.deliberately\n-00027ab0: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 696d 706c 656d does not implem\n-00027ac0: 656e 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 ent support for \n-00027ad0: 7772 6974 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 696e writing files in\n-00027ae0: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f0a 6d69 6e69 6d69 order to.minimi\n-00027af0: 7365 2074 6865 2070 6f73 7369 6269 6c69 se the possibili\n-00027b00: 7479 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c ty of the boot l\n-00027b10: 6f61 6465 7220 6265 696e 6720 7265 7370 oader being resp\n-00027b20: 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 6669 6c65 onsible for file\n-00027b30: 0a73 7973 7465 6d20 636f 7272 7570 7469 .system corrupti\n-00027b40: 6f6e 2c20 736f 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f on, so a GRUB co\n-00027b50: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-00027b60: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6a75 7374 2063 7265 cannot just cre\n-00027b70: 6174 6520 610a 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 ate a.file in th\n-00027b80: 6520 6f72 6469 6e61 7279 2077 6179 2e20 e ordinary way. \n-00027b90: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 4752 5542 2070 However, GRUB p\n-00027ba0: 726f 7669 6465 7320 616e 2022 656e 7669 rovides an \"envi\n-00027bb0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b22 0a77 ronment block\".w\n-00027bc0: 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 hich can be used\n-00027bd0: 2074 6f20 7361 7665 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c to save a small\n-00027be0: 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 7461 7465 amount of state\n-00027bf0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 656e 7669 726f ... The enviro\n-00027c00: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6973 2061 nment block is a\n-00027c10: 2070 7265 616c 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 3130 preallocated 10\n-00027c20: 3234 2d62 7974 6520 6669 6c65 2c20 7768 24-byte file, wh\n-00027c30: 6963 680a 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206c 6976 ich.normally liv\n-00027c40: 6573 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 es in .../boot/g\n-00027c50: 7275 622f 6772 7562 656e 76e2 8099 2028 rub/grubenv... (\n-00027c60: 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2079 6f75 2073 686f although you sho\n-00027c70: 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6173 7375 6d65 0a74 uld not assume.t\n-00027c80: 6869 7329 2e20 2041 7420 626f 6f74 2074 his). At boot t\n-00027c90: 696d 652c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6c6f 6164 ime, the ...load\n-00027ca0: 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 _env... command \n-00027cb0: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a (*note load_env:\n-00027cc0: 3a29 206c 6f61 6473 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e :) loads.environ\n-00027cd0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 ment variables f\n-00027ce0: 726f 6d20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 rom it, and the \n-00027cf0: e280 9873 6176 655f 656e 76e2 8099 2028 ...save_env... (\n-00027d00: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a *note save_env::\n-00027d10: 290a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7361 7665 7320 ).command saves \n-00027d20: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00027d30: 6162 6c65 7320 746f 2069 742e 2020 4672 ables to it. Fr\n-00027d40: 6f6d 2061 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2073 7973 om a running sys\n-00027d50: 7465 6d2c 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 tem, the....grub\n-00027d60: 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 e280 9920 7574 696c -editenv... util\n-00027d70: 6974 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ity can be used \n-00027d80: 746f 2065 6469 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 to edit the envi\n-00027d90: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a ronment block...\n-00027da0: 2020 2046 6f72 2073 6166 6574 7920 7265 For safety re\n-00027db0: 6173 6f6e 732c 2074 6869 7320 7374 6f72 asons, this stor\n-00027dc0: 6167 6520 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 age is only avai\n-00027dd0: 6c61 626c 6520 7768 656e 2069 6e73 7461 lable when insta\n-00027de0: 6c6c 6564 206f 6e0a 6120 706c 6169 6e20 lled on.a plain \n-00027df0: 6469 736b 2028 6e6f 204c 564d 206f 7220 disk (no LVM or \n-00027e00: 5241 4944 292c 2075 7369 6e67 2061 206e RAID), using a n\n-00027e10: 6f6e 2d63 6865 636b 7375 6d6d 696e 6720 on-checksumming \n-00027e20: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2028 6e6f 0a5a filesystem (no.Z\n-00027e30: 4653 292c 2061 6e64 2075 7369 6e67 2042 FS), and using B\n-00027e40: 494f 5320 6f72 2045 4649 2066 756e 6374 IOS or EFI funct\n-00027e50: 696f 6e73 2028 6e6f 2041 5441 2c20 5553 ions (no ATA, US\n-00027e60: 4220 6f72 2049 4545 4531 3237 3529 2e0a B or IEEE1275)..\n-00027e70: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f . ...grub-mkco\n-00027e80: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7573 6573 2074 6869 nfig... uses thi\n-00027e90: 7320 6661 6369 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 696d s facility to im\n-00027ea0: 706c 656d 656e 7420 e280 9847 5255 425f plement ...GRUB_\n-00027eb0: 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a28 SAVEDEFAULT....(\n-00027ec0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e *note Simple con\n-00027ed0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a figuration::)...\n-00027ee0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00027ef0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 o, Node: Module\n-00027f00: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e s, Next: Comman\n-00027f10: 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2045 6e76 6972 ds, Prev: Envir\n-00027f20: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 onment, Up: Top\n-00027f30: 0a0a 3136 204d 6f64 756c 6573 0a2a 2a2a ..16 Modules.***\n-00027f40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 6973 *******..In this\n-00027f50: 2063 6861 7074 6572 2c20 7765 206c 6973 chapter, we lis\n-00027f60: 7420 616c 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7468 t all modules th\n-00027f70: 6174 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 at are available\n-00027f80: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a28 6375 7272 656e in GRUB.(curren\n-00027f90: 746c 7920 696e 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 292e tly incomplete).\n-00027fa0: 0a0a 2020 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2063 616e .. Modules can\n-00027fb0: 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2076 6961 2074 be loaded via t\n-00027fc0: 6865 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 he ...insmod... \n-00027fd0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 (*note insmod::)\n-00027fe0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e command...* Men\n-00027ff0: 753a 0a0a 2a20 626c 693a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 u:..* bli::....F\n-00028000: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00028010: 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6c69 2c20 2055 703a Node: bli, Up:\n-00028020: 204d 6f64 756c 6573 0a0a 3136 2e31 2062 Modules..16.1 b\n-00028030: 6c69 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6869 li.========..Thi\n-00028040: 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2070 726f 7669 6465 s module provide\n-00028050: 7320 6261 7369 6320 7375 7070 6f72 7420 s basic support \n-00028060: 666f 7220 7468 6520 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 for the Boot Loa\n-00028070: 6465 7220 496e 7465 7266 6163 652e 2020 der Interface. \n-00028080: 5468 650a 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 6465 7220 The.Boot Loader \n-00028090: 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7370 6563 6966 Interface specif\n-000280a0: 6965 7320 6120 7365 7420 6f66 2045 4649 ies a set of EFI\n-000280b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6861 7420 variables that \n-000280c0: 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 636f 6d6d are used to.comm\n-000280d0: 756e 6963 6174 6520 626f 6f74 2d74 696d unicate boot-tim\n-000280e0: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6265 e information be\n-000280f0: 7477 6565 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f tween the bootlo\n-00028100: 6164 6572 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a6f 7065 ader and the.ope\n-00028110: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a rating system...\n-00028120: 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 The following\n-00028130: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7265 2070 variables are p\n-00028140: 6c61 6365 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 laced under the \n-00028150: 7665 6e64 6f72 2055 5549 440a e280 9834 vendor UUID....4\n-00028160: 6136 3762 3038 322d 3061 3463 2d34 3163 a67b082-0a4c-41c\n-00028170: 662d 6236 6337 2d34 3430 6232 3962 6238 f-b6c7-440b29bb8\n-00028180: 6334 66e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 c4f... when the \n-00028190: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 module is loaded\n-000281a0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4750 5420 7061 :.. The GPT pa\n-000281b0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5555 4944 206f 6620 rtition UUID of \n-000281c0: 7468 6520 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d 2050 the EFI System P\n-000281d0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6475 artition used du\n-000281e0: 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 740a 6973 2070 7562 ring boot.is pub\n-000281f0: 6c69 7368 6564 2076 6961 2074 6865 20e2 lished via the .\n-00028200: 8098 4c6f 6164 6572 4465 7669 6365 5061 ..LoaderDevicePa\n-00028210: 7274 5555 4944 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 rtUUID... variab\n-00028220: 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2042 6f6f 7420 4c6f le. The Boot Lo\n-00028230: 6164 6572 0a49 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2073 ader.Interface s\n-00028240: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2072 6571 pecification req\n-00028250: 7569 7265 7320 4750 5420 666f 726d 6174 uires GPT format\n-00028260: 7465 6420 6472 6976 6573 2e20 2054 6865 ted drives. The\n-00028270: 2062 6c69 206d 6f64 756c 650a 6967 6e6f bli module.igno\n-00028280: 7265 7320 6472 6976 6573 2f70 6172 7469 res drives/parti\n-00028290: 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2061 6e79 206f 7468 tions in any oth\n-000282a0: 6572 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4966 2047 er format. If G\n-000282b0: 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 RUB is loaded fr\n-000282c0: 6f6d 2061 0a6e 6f6e 2d47 5054 2070 6172 om a.non-GPT par\n-000282d0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 652e 672e 2020 6672 tition, e.g. fr\n-000282e0: 6f6d 2061 6e20 4d53 444f 5320 666f 726d om an MSDOS form\n-000282f0: 6174 7465 6420 6472 6976 6520 6f72 206e atted drive or n\n-00028300: 6574 776f 726b 2c20 7468 6973 0a76 6172 etwork, this.var\n-00028310: 6961 626c 6520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 iable will not b\n-00028320: 6520 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 2073 7472 e set... A str\n-00028330: 696e 6720 6964 656e 7469 6679 696e 6720 ing identifying \n-00028340: 4752 5542 2061 7320 7468 6520 6163 7469 GRUB as the acti\n-00028350: 7665 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 696e ve bootloader in\n-00028360: 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 650a 7665 7273 cluding the.vers\n-00028370: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 7374 ion number is st\n-00028380: 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 e280 984c 6f61 6465 ored in ...Loade\n-00028390: 7249 6e66 6fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 rInfo...... Th\n-000283a0: 6973 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206f 6e6c is module is onl\n-000283b0: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2055 y available on U\n-000283c0: 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a0a EFI platforms...\n-000283d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000283e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e o, Node: Comman\n-000283f0: 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 6572 ds, Next: Inter\n-00028400: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e2c nationalisation,\n-00028410: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 732c Prev: Modules,\n-00028420: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3720 4176 Up: Top..17 Av\n-00028430: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ailable commands\n-00028440: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-00028450: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 2074 6869 7320 ******..In this \n-00028460: 6368 6170 7465 722c 2077 6520 6c69 7374 chapter, we list\n-00028470: 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 all commands th\n-00028480: 6174 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 at are available\n-00028490: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f in GRUB... Co\n-000284a0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2062 656c 6f6e 6720 746f mmands belong to\n-000284b0: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2067 726f 7570 different group\n-000284c0: 732e 2020 4120 6665 7720 6361 6e20 6f6e s. A few can on\n-000284d0: 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7468 ly be used in th\n-000284e0: 650a 676c 6f62 616c 2073 6563 7469 6f6e e.global section\n-000284f0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 of the configur\n-00028500: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 6f72 2022 ation file (or \"\n-00028510: 6d65 6e75 2229 3b20 6d6f 7374 206f 6620 menu\"); most of \n-00028520: 7468 656d 2063 616e 0a62 6520 656e 7465 them can.be ente\n-00028530: 7265 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 red on the comma\n-00028540: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6361 6e20 nd-line and can \n-00028550: 6265 2075 7365 6420 6569 7468 6572 2061 be used either a\n-00028560: 6e79 7768 6572 6520 696e 2074 6865 0a6d nywhere in the.m\n-00028570: 656e 7520 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 enu or specifica\n-00028580: 6c6c 7920 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 lly in the menu \n-00028590: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 entries... In \n-000285a0: 7265 7363 7565 206d 6f64 652c 206f 6e6c rescue mode, onl\n-000285b0: 7920 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 y the ...insmod.\n-000285c0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 .. (*note insmod\n-000285d0: 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 6c73 e280 9920 282a ::), ...ls... (*\n-000285e0: 6e6f 7465 0a6c 733a 3a29 2c20 e280 9873 note.ls::), ...s\n-000285f0: 6574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6574 et... (*note set\n-00028600: 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 756e 7365 ::), and ...unse\n-00028610: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 756e 7365 t... (*note unse\n-00028620: 743a 3a29 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 t::) commands ar\n-00028630: 650a 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 7661 696c e.normally avail\n-00028640: 6162 6c65 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 656e able. If you en\n-00028650: 6420 7570 2069 6e20 7265 7363 7565 206d d up in rescue m\n-00028660: 6f64 6520 616e 6420 646f 206e 6f74 206b ode and do not k\n-00028670: 6e6f 7720 7768 6174 0a74 6f20 646f 2c20 now what.to do, \n-00028680: 7468 656e 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 5255 4220 then *note GRUB \n-00028690: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 only offers a re\n-000286a0: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 3a3a 2e0a 0a2a scue shell::...*\n-000286b0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 Menu:..* Menu-s\n-000286c0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 pecific commands\n-000286d0: 3a3a 0a2a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d ::.* Loader comm\n-000286e0: 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 616c ands::.* General\n-000286f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 436f commands::.* Co\n-00028700: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00028710: 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 nds::.* Networki\n-00028720: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 ng commands::.* \n-00028730: 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d Undocumented com\n-00028740: 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mands::....File:\n-00028750: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00028760: 653a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 e: Menu-specific\n-00028770: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 commands, Next\n-00028780: 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 : Loader command\n-00028790: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 s, Up: Commands\n-000287a0: 0a0a 3137 2e31 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ..17.1 Commands \n-000287b0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 206f 6e6c for the menu onl\n-000287c0: 790a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d y.==============\n+000279d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 ========..It is \n+000279e0: 6f66 7465 6e20 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 often useful to \n+000279f0: 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 656d 656d be able to remem\n+00027a00: 6265 7220 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 ber a small amou\n+00027a10: 6e74 206f 6620 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f nt of informatio\n+00027a20: 6e0a 6672 6f6d 206f 6e65 2062 6f6f 7420 n.from one boot \n+00027a30: 746f 2074 6865 206e 6578 742e 2020 466f to the next. Fo\n+00027a40: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206d r example, you m\n+00027a50: 6967 6874 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 ight want to set\n+00027a60: 2074 6865 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e the.default men\n+00027a70: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6261 7365 6420 6f6e u entry based on\n+00027a80: 2077 6861 7420 7761 7320 7365 6c65 6374 what was select\n+00027a90: 6564 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 7469 6d65 ed the last time\n+00027aa0: 2e20 2047 5255 420a 6465 6c69 6265 7261 . GRUB.delibera\n+00027ab0: 7465 6c79 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 696d tely does not im\n+00027ac0: 706c 656d 656e 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 plement support \n+00027ad0: 666f 7220 7772 6974 696e 6720 6669 6c65 for writing file\n+00027ae0: 7320 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f0a 6d69 s in order to.mi\n+00027af0: 6e69 6d69 7365 2074 6865 2070 6f73 7369 nimise the possi\n+00027b00: 6269 6c69 7479 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f bility of the bo\n+00027b10: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6265 696e 6720 ot loader being \n+00027b20: 7265 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 responsible for \n+00027b30: 6669 6c65 0a73 7973 7465 6d20 636f 7272 file.system corr\n+00027b40: 7570 7469 6f6e 2c20 736f 2061 2047 5255 uption, so a GRU\n+00027b50: 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 B configuration \n+00027b60: 6669 6c65 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6a75 7374 file cannot just\n+00027b70: 2063 7265 6174 6520 610a 6669 6c65 2069 create a.file i\n+00027b80: 6e20 7468 6520 6f72 6469 6e61 7279 2077 n the ordinary w\n+00027b90: 6179 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 4752 ay. However, GR\n+00027ba0: 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 616e 2022 UB provides an \"\n+00027bb0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n+00027bc0: 6b22 0a77 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 k\".which can be \n+00027bd0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7361 7665 2061 2073 used to save a s\n+00027be0: 6d61 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 mall amount of s\n+00027bf0: 7461 7465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 656e tate... The en\n+00027c00: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 vironment block \n+00027c10: 6973 2061 2070 7265 616c 6c6f 6361 7465 is a preallocate\n+00027c20: 6420 3130 3234 2d62 7974 6520 6669 6c65 d 1024-byte file\n+00027c30: 2c20 7768 6963 680a 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 , which.normally\n+00027c40: 206c 6976 6573 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f lives in .../bo\n+00027c50: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 656e 76e2 ot/grub/grubenv.\n+00027c60: 8099 2028 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2079 6f75 .. (although you\n+00027c70: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6173 7375 should not assu\n+00027c80: 6d65 0a74 6869 7329 2e20 2041 7420 626f me.this). At bo\n+00027c90: 6f74 2074 696d 652c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ot time, the ...\n+00027ca0: 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 636f 6d6d load_env... comm\n+00027cb0: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 645f and (*note load_\n+00027cc0: 656e 763a 3a29 206c 6f61 6473 0a65 6e76 env::) loads.env\n+00027cd0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00027ce0: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 es from it, and \n+00027cf0: 7468 6520 e280 9873 6176 655f 656e 76e2 the ...save_env.\n+00027d00: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7361 7665 5f65 .. (*note save_e\n+00027d10: 6e76 3a3a 290a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7361 nv::).command sa\n+00027d20: 7665 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ves environment \n+00027d30: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f 2069 742e variables to it.\n+00027d40: 2020 4672 6f6d 2061 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 From a running\n+00027d50: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 system, the....\n+00027d60: 6772 7562 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 e280 9920 grub-editenv... \n+00027d70: 7574 696c 6974 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 utility can be u\n+00027d80: 7365 6420 746f 2065 6469 7420 7468 6520 sed to edit the \n+00027d90: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n+00027da0: 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2073 6166 6574 k... For safet\n+00027db0: 7920 7265 6173 6f6e 732c 2074 6869 7320 y reasons, this \n+00027dc0: 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 storage is only \n+00027dd0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7768 656e 2069 available when i\n+00027de0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e0a 6120 706c nstalled on.a pl\n+00027df0: 6169 6e20 6469 736b 2028 6e6f 204c 564d ain disk (no LVM\n+00027e00: 206f 7220 5241 4944 292c 2075 7369 6e67 or RAID), using\n+00027e10: 2061 206e 6f6e 2d63 6865 636b 7375 6d6d a non-checksumm\n+00027e20: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2028 ing filesystem (\n+00027e30: 6e6f 0a5a 4653 292c 2061 6e64 2075 7369 no.ZFS), and usi\n+00027e40: 6e67 2042 494f 5320 6f72 2045 4649 2066 ng BIOS or EFI f\n+00027e50: 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2028 6e6f 2041 5441 unctions (no ATA\n+00027e60: 2c20 5553 4220 6f72 2049 4545 4531 3237 , USB or IEEE127\n+00027e70: 3529 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 5)... ...grub-\n+00027e80: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7573 6573 mkconfig... uses\n+00027e90: 2074 6869 7320 6661 6369 6c69 7479 2074 this facility t\n+00027ea0: 6f20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 e280 9847 o implement ...G\n+00027eb0: 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 RUB_SAVEDEFAULT.\n+00027ec0: 8099 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 ...(*note Simple\n+00027ed0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a configuration::\n+00027ee0: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00027ef0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d6f .info, Node: Mo\n+00027f00: 6475 6c65 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f dules, Next: Co\n+00027f10: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2045 mmands, Prev: E\n+00027f20: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 2055 703a nvironment, Up:\n+00027f30: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3136 204d 6f64 756c 6573 Top..16 Modules\n+00027f40: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 .**********..In \n+00027f50: 7468 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 2c20 7765 this chapter, we\n+00027f60: 206c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 list all module\n+00027f70: 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c s that are avail\n+00027f80: 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a28 6375 able in GRUB.(cu\n+00027f90: 7272 656e 746c 7920 696e 636f 6d70 6c65 rrently incomple\n+00027fa0: 7465 292e 0a0a 2020 204d 6f64 756c 6573 te)... Modules\n+00027fb0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2076 can be loaded v\n+00027fc0: 6961 2074 6865 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 ia the ...insmod\n+00027fd0: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f ... (*note insmo\n+00027fe0: 643a 3a29 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a2a d::) command...*\n+00027ff0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 626c 693a 3a0a Menu:..* bli::.\n+00028000: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00028010: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6c69 2c20 fo, Node: bli, \n+00028020: 2055 703a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 0a0a 3136 Up: Modules..16\n+00028030: 2e31 2062 6c69 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a .1 bli.========.\n+00028040: 0a54 6869 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2070 726f .This module pro\n+00028050: 7669 6465 7320 6261 7369 6320 7375 7070 vides basic supp\n+00028060: 6f72 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 426f 6f74 ort for the Boot\n+00028070: 204c 6f61 6465 7220 496e 7465 7266 6163 Loader Interfac\n+00028080: 652e 2020 5468 650a 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 e. The.Boot Loa\n+00028090: 6465 7220 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7370 der Interface sp\n+000280a0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 6120 7365 7420 6f66 ecifies a set of\n+000280b0: 2045 4649 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 EFI variables t\n+000280c0: 6861 7420 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a hat are used to.\n+000280d0: 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 6520 626f 6f74 communicate boot\n+000280e0: 2d74 696d 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f -time informatio\n+000280f0: 6e20 6265 7477 6565 6e20 7468 6520 626f n between the bo\n+00028100: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 2074 6865 otloader and the\n+00028110: 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 .operating syste\n+00028120: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f m... The follo\n+00028130: 7769 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 wing variables a\n+00028140: 7265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 756e 6465 7220 re placed under \n+00028150: 7468 6520 7665 6e64 6f72 2055 5549 440a the vendor UUID.\n+00028160: e280 9834 6136 3762 3038 322d 3061 3463 ...4a67b082-0a4c\n+00028170: 2d34 3163 662d 6236 6337 2d34 3430 6232 -41cf-b6c7-440b2\n+00028180: 3962 6238 6334 66e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 9bb8c4f... when \n+00028190: 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f the module is lo\n+000281a0: 6164 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4750 aded:.. The GP\n+000281b0: 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5555 4944 T partition UUID\n+000281c0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4546 4920 5379 7374 of the EFI Syst\n+000281d0: 656d 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 em Partition use\n+000281e0: 6420 6475 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 740a 6973 d during boot.is\n+000281f0: 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2076 6961 2074 published via t\n+00028200: 6865 20e2 8098 4c6f 6164 6572 4465 7669 he ...LoaderDevi\n+00028210: 6365 5061 7274 5555 4944 e280 9920 7661 cePartUUID... va\n+00028220: 7269 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2042 6f6f riable. The Boo\n+00028230: 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 0a49 6e74 6572 6661 t Loader.Interfa\n+00028240: 6365 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ce specification\n+00028250: 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 4750 5420 666f requires GPT fo\n+00028260: 726d 6174 7465 6420 6472 6976 6573 2e20 rmatted drives. \n+00028270: 2054 6865 2062 6c69 206d 6f64 756c 650a The bli module.\n+00028280: 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 6472 6976 6573 2f70 ignores drives/p\n+00028290: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2061 6e79 artitions in any\n+000282a0: 206f 7468 6572 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 other format. \n+000282b0: 4966 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f61 6465 If GRUB is loade\n+000282c0: 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 0a6e 6f6e 2d47 5054 d from a.non-GPT\n+000282d0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 652e 672e partition, e.g.\n+000282e0: 2020 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 4d53 444f 5320 from an MSDOS \n+000282f0: 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6472 6976 6520 formatted drive \n+00028300: 6f72 206e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 7468 6973 or network, this\n+00028310: 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6520 7769 6c6c 206e .variable will n\n+00028320: 6f74 2062 6520 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 ot be set... A\n+00028330: 2073 7472 696e 6720 6964 656e 7469 6679 string identify\n+00028340: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2061 7320 7468 6520 ing GRUB as the \n+00028350: 6163 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 active bootloade\n+00028360: 7220 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 650a r including the.\n+00028370: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 version number i\n+00028380: 7320 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 e280 984c s stored in ...L\n+00028390: 6f61 6465 7249 6e66 6fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 oaderInfo...... \n+000283a0: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 This module is\n+000283b0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 only available \n+000283c0: 6f6e 2055 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d on UEFI platform\n+000283d0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+000283e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .info, Node: Co\n+000283f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 mmands, Next: I\n+00028400: 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 nternationalisat\n+00028410: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d6f 6475 ion, Prev: Modu\n+00028420: 6c65 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 les, Up: Top..1\n+00028430: 3720 4176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 7 Available comm\n+00028440: 616e 6473 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ands.***********\n+00028450: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 2074 **********..In t\n+00028460: 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 722c 2077 6520 his chapter, we \n+00028470: 6c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 list all command\n+00028480: 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c s that are avail\n+00028490: 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 able in GRUB... \n+000284a0: 2020 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2062 656c 6f6e Commands belon\n+000284b0: 6720 746f 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2067 g to different g\n+000284c0: 726f 7570 732e 2020 4120 6665 7720 6361 roups. 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Load FreeB\n-000294a0: 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 SD kernel module\n-000294b0: 2028 454c 4629 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 (ELF).. ... .\n-000294c0: 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c ..kfreebsd_modul\n-000294d0: 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 e... - Load Free\n-000294e0: 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c BSD kernel modul\n-000294f0: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 e.. ... ...kfr\n-00029500: 6565 6273 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 eebsd... - Load \n-00029510: 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4672 6565 4253 kernel of FreeBS\n-00029520: 442e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6e65 D.. ... ...kne\n-00029530: 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 tbsd_module_elf.\n-00029540: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e65 7442 5344 .. - Load NetBSD\n-00029550: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 kernel module (\n-00029560: 454c 4629 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ELF).. ... ...\n-00029570: 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 knetbsd_module..\n-00029580: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e 6574 4253 4420 . - Load NetBSD \n-00029590: 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 kernel module.. \n-000295a0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 ... ...knetbsd\n-000295b0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 ... - Load kerne\n-000295c0: 6c20 6f66 204e 6574 4253 442e 0a20 2020 l of NetBSD.. \n-000295d0: e280 a220 e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 64e2 ... ...kopenbsd.\n-000295e0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c .. - Load kernel\n-000295f0: 206f 6620 4f70 656e 4253 442e 0a20 2020 of OpenBSD.. \n-00029600: e280 a220 e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 645f ... ...kopenbsd_\n-00029610: 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 ramdisk... - Loa\n-00029620: 6420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2072 616d 6469 d kOpenBSD ramdi\n-00029630: 736b 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 sk.. ... ...le\n-00029640: 6761 6379 5f69 6e69 7472 645f 6e6f 756e gacy_initrd_noun\n-00029650: 7a69 70e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 zip... - Simulat\n-00029660: 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 276d e grub-legacy 'm\n-00029670: 6f64 756c 656e 6f75 6e7a 6970 270a 2020 odulenounzip'. \n-00029680: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 command. ..\n-00029690: a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 696e 6974 . ...legacy_init\n-000296a0: 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 rd... - Simulate\n-000296b0: 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 696e grub-legacy 'in\n-000296c0: 6974 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 itrd' command. \n-000296d0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f6b ... ...legacy_k\n-000296e0: 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c ernel... - Simul\n-000296f0: 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 ate grub-legacy \n-00029700: 276b 6572 6e65 6c27 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 'kernel' command\n-00029710: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6f64 756c . ... ...modul\n-00029720: 6532 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206d e2... - Load a m\n-00029730: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2032 206d 6f64 756c ultiboot 2 modul\n-00029740: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6f64 e.. ... ...mod\n-00029750: 756c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 ule... - Load a \n-00029760: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 multiboot module\n-00029770: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d75 6c74 .. ... ...mult\n-00029780: 6962 6f6f 7432 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 iboot2... - Load\n-00029790: 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2032 206b a multiboot 2 k\n-000297a0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ernel.. ... ..\n-000297b0: 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 e280 9920 2d20 .multiboot... - \n-000297c0: 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 Load a multiboot\n-000297d0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 kernel.. ... \n-000297e0: e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f ...ntldr... - Lo\n-000297f0: 6164 204e 544c 4452 206f 7220 426f 6f74 ad NTLDR or Boot\n-00029800: 4d47 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 MGR.. ... ...p\n-00029810: 6c61 6e39 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2050 lan9... - Load P\n-00029820: 6c61 6e39 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 lan9 kernel.. \n-00029830: e280 a220 e280 9870 7865 6368 6169 6e6c ... ...pxechainl\n-00029840: 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 oader... - Load \n-00029850: 6120 5058 4520 696d 6167 652e 0a20 2020 a PXE image.. \n-00029860: e280 a220 e280 9874 7275 6563 7279 7074 ... ...truecrypt\n-00029870: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2054 7275 6563 ... - Load Truec\n-00029880: 7279 7074 2049 534f 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 rypt ISO.. ...\n-00029890: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 726e 656c 3634 ...xnu_kernel64\n-000298a0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2036 342d 6269 ... - Load 64-bi\n-000298b0: 7420 584e 5520 696d 6167 652e 0a20 2020 t XNU image.. \n-000298c0: e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6572 6e65 ... ...xnu_kerne\n-000298d0: 6ce2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 l... - Load XNU \n-000298e0: 696d 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 image.. ... ..\n-000298f0: 9878 6e75 5f6b 6578 7464 6972 e280 9920 .xnu_kextdir... \n-00029900: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2065 7874 656e - Load XNU exten\n-00029910: 7369 6f6e 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e0a sion directory..\n-00029920: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 ... ...xnu_ke\n-00029930: 7874 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 xt... - Load XNU\n-00029940: 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 extension.. .\n-00029950: 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6d6b 6578 74e2 .. ...xnu_mkext.\n-00029960: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 .. - Load XNU ex\n-00029970: 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 7061 636b 6167 652e tension package.\n-00029980: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f72 . ... ...xnu_r\n-00029990: 616d 6469 736b e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 amdisk... - Load\n-000299a0: 2058 4e55 2072 616d 6469 736b 2e20 2049 XNU ramdisk. I\n-000299b0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 t will be availa\n-000299c0: 626c 6520 696e 204f 5320 6173 0a20 2020 ble in OS as. \n-000299d0: 2020 6d64 302e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 md0.. ... ..\n-000299e0: 9878 6e75 5f72 6573 756d 65e2 8099 202d .xnu_resume... -\n-000299f0: 204c 6f61 6420 616e 2069 6d61 6765 206f Load an image o\n-00029a00: 6620 6869 6265 726e 6174 6564 2058 4e55 f hibernated XNU\n-00029a10: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n-00029a20: 7370 6c61 7368 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 splash... - Load\n-00029a30: 2061 2073 706c 6173 6820 696d 6167 6520 a splash image \n-00029a40: 666f 7220 584e 552e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 for XNU...* Menu\n-00029a50: 3a0a 0a2a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 :..* chainloader\n-00029a60: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00029a70: 2020 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 616e Chain-load an\n-00029a80: 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 other boot loade\n-00029a90: 720a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 2020 2020 r.* initrd:: \n+000287e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2073 656d 616e =====..The seman\n+000287f0: 7469 6373 2075 7365 6420 696e 2070 6172 tics used in par\n+00028800: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 sing the configu\n+00028810: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6172 6520 ration file are \n+00028820: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a the following:..\n+00028830: 2020 20e2 80a2 2054 6865 2066 696c 6573 ... The files\n+00028840: 205f 6d75 7374 5f20 6265 2069 6e20 706c _must_ be in pl\n+00028850: 6169 6e2d 7465 7874 2066 6f72 6d61 742e ain-text format.\n+00028860: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 .. ... ...#...\n+00028870: 2061 7420 7468 6520 6265 6769 6e6e 696e at the beginnin\n+00028880: 6720 6f66 2061 206c 696e 6520 696e 2061 g of a line in a\n+00028890: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+000288a0: 696c 6520 6d65 616e 7320 6974 2069 730a ile means it is.\n+000288b0: 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6120 636f 6d6d only a comm\n+000288c0: 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 204f 7074 ent... ... Opt\n+000288d0: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2073 6570 6172 6174 ions are separat\n+000288e0: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 ed by spaces... \n+000288f0: 2020 e280 a220 416c 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 ... All number\n+00028900: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6974 6865 7220 s can be either \n+00028910: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6f72 2068 6578 6164 decimal or hexad\n+00028920: 6563 696d 616c 2e20 2041 2068 6578 6164 ecimal. A hexad\n+00028930: 6563 696d 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 ecimal. numb\n+00028940: 6572 206d 7573 7420 6265 2070 7265 6365 er must be prece\n+00028950: 6465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 3078 e280 992c ded by ...0x...,\n+00028960: 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6361 7365 2d69 6e73 and is case-ins\n+00028970: 656e 7369 7469 7665 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 ensitive... Th\n+00028980: 6573 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 616e ese commands can\n+00028990: 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e only be used in\n+000289a0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 the menu:..* Me\n+000289b0: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 nu:..* menuentry\n+000289c0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+000289d0: 2020 2020 2053 7461 7274 2061 206d 656e Start a men\n+000289e0: 7520 656e 7472 790a 2a20 7375 626d 656e u entry.* submen\n+000289f0: 753a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 u:: \n+00028a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4772 6f75 7020 6d65 Group me\n+00028a10: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a0a 1f0a 4669 nu entries....Fi\n+00028a20: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00028a30: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 792c Node: menuentry,\n+00028a40: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 626d 656e 752c Next: submenu,\n+00028a50: 2020 5570 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 Up: Menu-speci\n+00028a60: 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 fic commands..17\n+00028a70: 2e31 2e31 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 0a2d .1.1 menuentry.-\n+00028a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00028a90: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d65 . -- Command: me\n+00028aa0: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 5449 544c 4520 5b2d nuentry TITLE [-\n+00028ab0: 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 202e 2e2e -class=class ...\n+00028ac0: 5d20 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 ] [--users=users\n+00028ad0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d75 ]. [--u\n+00028ae0: 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 645d 205b 2d2d nrestricted] [--\n+00028af0: 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 5b2d 2d69 hotkey=key] [--i\n+00028b00: 643d 6964 5d20 5b41 5247 202e 2e2e 5d20 d=id] [ARG ...] \n+00028b10: 7b20 434f 4d4d 414e 443b 0a20 2020 2020 { COMMAND;. \n+00028b20: 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 2020 2020 ... }. \n+00028b30: 5468 6973 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 2047 This defines a G\n+00028b40: 5255 4220 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206e RUB menu entry n\n+00028b50: 616d 6564 2054 4954 4c45 2e20 2057 6865 amed TITLE. Whe\n+00028b60: 6e20 7468 6973 2065 6e74 7279 2069 730a n this entry is.\n+00028b70: 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6672 selected fr\n+00028b80: 6f6d 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2047 5255 om the menu, GRU\n+00028b90: 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2074 6865 2043 B will set the C\n+00028ba0: 484f 5345 4e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e HOSEN environmen\n+00028bb0: 740a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 t. variable \n+00028bc0: 746f 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 e280 982d to value of ...-\n+00028bd0: 2d69 64e2 8099 2069 6620 e280 982d 2d69 -id... if ...--i\n+00028be0: 64e2 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2065 d... is given, e\n+00028bf0: 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 xecute the list \n+00028c00: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 of. commands\n+00028c10: 2067 6976 656e 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6272 given within br\n+00028c20: 6163 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2074 6865 aces, and if the\n+00028c30: 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 696e last command in\n+00028c40: 2074 6865 206c 6973 740a 2020 2020 2072 the list. r\n+00028c50: 6574 7572 6e65 6420 7375 6363 6573 7366 eturned successf\n+00028c60: 756c 6c79 2061 6e64 2061 206b 6572 6e65 ully and a kerne\n+00028c70: 6c20 7761 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 7420 l was loaded it \n+00028c80: 7769 6c6c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 will execute the\n+00028c90: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 . ...boot...\n+00028ca0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 command... \n+00028cb0: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d63 6c61 7373 e280 The ...--class..\n+00028cc0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 . option may be \n+00028cd0: 7573 6564 2061 6e79 206e 756d 6265 7220 used any number \n+00028ce0: 6f66 2074 696d 6573 2074 6f20 6772 6f75 of times to grou\n+00028cf0: 7020 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 p menu. entr\n+00028d00: 6965 7320 696e 746f 2063 6c61 7373 6573 ies into classes\n+00028d10: 2e20 204d 656e 7520 7468 656d 6573 206d . Menu themes m\n+00028d20: 6179 2064 6973 706c 6179 2064 6966 6665 ay display diffe\n+00028d30: 7265 6e74 2063 6c61 7373 6573 0a20 2020 rent classes. \n+00028d40: 2020 7573 696e 6720 6469 6666 6572 656e using differen\n+00028d50: 7420 7374 796c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 t styles... \n+00028d60: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 e280 The ...--users..\n+00028d70: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2067 7261 6e74 7320 . option grants \n+00028d80: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2075 7365 7273 2061 specific users a\n+00028d90: 6363 6573 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 ccess to specifi\n+00028da0: 6320 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 c menu. entr\n+00028db0: 6965 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 ies. *Note Secu\n+00028dc0: 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 rity::... Th\n+00028dd0: 6520 e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 e ...--unrestric\n+00028de0: 7465 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6772 ted... option gr\n+00028df0: 616e 7473 2061 6c6c 2075 7365 7273 2061 ants all users a\n+00028e00: 6363 6573 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 ccess to specifi\n+00028e10: 630a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 c. menu entr\n+00028e20: 6965 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 ies. *Note Secu\n+00028e30: 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 rity::... Th\n+00028e40: 6520 e280 982d 2d68 6f74 6b65 79e2 8099 e ...--hotkey...\n+00028e50: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6173 736f 6369 6174 option associat\n+00028e60: 6573 2061 2068 6f74 6b65 7920 7769 7468 es a hotkey with\n+00028e70: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 a menu entry. \n+00028e80: 4b45 590a 2020 2020 206d 6179 2062 6520 KEY. may be \n+00028e90: 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 206c 6574 7465 722c a single letter,\n+00028ea0: 206f 7220 6f6e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2061 or one of the a\n+00028eb0: 6c69 6173 6573 20e2 8098 6261 636b 7370 liases ...backsp\n+00028ec0: 6163 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6162 e280 ace..., ...tab..\n+00028ed0: 992c 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 20e2 8098 6465 .,. or ...de\n+00028ee0: 6c65 7465 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 lete...... T\n+00028ef0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6964 e280 9920 6d61 he ...--id... ma\n+00028f00: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2061 7373 y be used to ass\n+00028f10: 6f63 6961 7465 2075 6e69 7175 6520 6964 ociate unique id\n+00028f20: 656e 7469 6669 6572 2077 6974 6820 6120 entifier with a \n+00028f30: 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 792e menu. entry.\n+00028f40: 2020 4944 2069 7320 7374 7269 6e67 206f ID is string o\n+00028f50: 6620 4153 4349 4920 6170 6861 6e75 6d65 f ASCII aphanume\n+00028f60: 7269 6320 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2c20 ric characters, \n+00028f70: 756e 6465 7273 636f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 underscore. \n+00028f80: 616e 6420 6879 7068 656e 2061 6e64 2073 and hyphen and s\n+00028f90: 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 7374 6172 7420 hould not start \n+00028fa0: 7769 7468 2061 2064 6967 6974 2e0a 0a20 with a digit... \n+00028fb0: 2020 2020 416c 6c20 6f74 6865 7220 6172 All other ar\n+00028fc0: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 696e 636c 7564 696e guments includin\n+00028fd0: 6720 5449 544c 4520 6172 6520 7061 7373 g TITLE are pass\n+00028fe0: 6564 2061 7320 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c ed as positional\n+00028ff0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 . parameters\n+00029000: 2077 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f when list of co\n+00029010: 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 mmands is execut\n+00029020: 6564 2077 6974 6820 5449 544c 4520 616c ed with TITLE al\n+00029030: 7761 7973 0a20 2020 2020 6173 7369 676e ways. assign\n+00029040: 6564 2074 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 8099 2e0a ed to ...$1.....\n+00029050: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00029060: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 7562 6d65 fo, Node: subme\n+00029070: 6e75 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e 7565 nu, Prev: menue\n+00029080: 6e74 7279 2c20 2055 703a 204d 656e 752d ntry, Up: Menu-\n+00029090: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 specific command\n+000290a0: 730a 0a31 372e 312e 3220 7375 626d 656e s..17.1.2 submen\n+000290b0: 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d u.--------------\n+000290c0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n+000290d0: 7562 6d65 6e75 2054 4954 4c45 205b 2d2d ubmenu TITLE [--\n+000290e0: 636c 6173 733d 636c 6173 7320 2e2e 2e5d class=class ...]\n+000290f0: 205b 2d2d 7573 6572 733d 7573 6572 735d [--users=users]\n+00029100: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 756e . [--un\n+00029110: 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 5d20 5b2d 2d68 restricted] [--h\n+00029120: 6f74 6b65 793d 6b65 795d 205b 2d2d 6964 otkey=key] [--id\n+00029130: 3d69 645d 207b 204d 454e 5520 454e 5452 =id] { MENU ENTR\n+00029140: 4945 5320 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 IES ... }. T\n+00029150: 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 7375 his defines a su\n+00029160: 626d 656e 752e 2020 416e 2065 6e74 7279 bmenu. An entry\n+00029170: 2063 616c 6c65 6420 5449 544c 4520 7769 called TITLE wi\n+00029180: 6c6c 2062 6520 6164 6465 6420 746f 2074 ll be added to t\n+00029190: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 3b20 7768 he. menu; wh\n+000291a0: 656e 2074 6861 7420 656e 7472 7920 6973 en that entry is\n+000291b0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 642c 2061 206e 6577 selected, a new\n+000291c0: 206d 656e 7520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 menu will be di\n+000291d0: 7370 6c61 7965 640a 2020 2020 2073 686f splayed. sho\n+000291e0: 7769 6e67 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2065 6e74 wing all the ent\n+000291f0: 7269 6573 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6973 ries within this\n+00029200: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 submenu... \n+00029210: 416c 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 All options are \n+00029220: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 the same as in t\n+00029230: 6865 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 79e2 he ...menuentry.\n+00029240: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 .. command (*not\n+00029250: 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 e. menuentry\n+00029260: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n+00029270: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00029280: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c Loader commands,\n+00029290: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 Next: General \n+000292a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a commands, Prev:\n+000292b0: 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 Menu-specific c\n+000292c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ommands, Up: Co\n+000292d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2056 6172 mmands..17.2 Var\n+000292e0: 696f 7573 206c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d ious loader comm\n+000292f0: 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ands.===========\n+00029300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00029310: 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 =..These command\n+00029320: 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f s are used to lo\n+00029330: 6164 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2063 6f6d ad necessary com\n+00029340: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 ponents to boot \n+00029350: 6465 7369 7265 6420 4f53 2e0a 4d61 6e79 desired OS..Many\n+00029360: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 2063 of the loader c\n+00029370: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 ommands are not \n+00029380: 7375 6666 6963 6965 6e74 6c79 2064 6f63 sufficiently doc\n+00029390: 756d 656e 7465 642e 2020 5468 650a 666f umented. The.fo\n+000293a0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 206c 6973 llowing is a lis\n+000293b0: 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 t of commands th\n+000293c0: 6174 2063 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 206d 6f72 at could use mor\n+000293d0: 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e3a e documentation:\n+000293e0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6170 706c .. ... ...appl\n+000293f0: 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 202d 2042 6f6f eloader... - Boo\n+00029400: 7420 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 2073 7973 t BIOS-based sys\n+00029410: 7465 6d2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 tem.. ... ...f\n+00029420: 7265 6564 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 reedos... - Load\n+00029430: 2046 7265 6544 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e FreeDOS kernel.\n+00029440: 7379 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b sys.. ... ...k\n+00029450: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6c6f 6164 656e 76e2 freebsd_loadenv.\n+00029460: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 4253 .. - Load FreeBS\n+00029470: 4420 656e 762e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 D env.. ... ..\n+00029480: 986b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 .kfreebsd_module\n+00029490: 5f65 6c66 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 _elf... - Load F\n+000294a0: 7265 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f reeBSD kernel mo\n+000294b0: 6475 6c65 2028 454c 4629 2e0a 2020 20e2 dule (ELF).. .\n+000294c0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d .. ...kfreebsd_m\n+000294d0: 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 odule... - Load \n+000294e0: 4672 6565 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d FreeBSD kernel m\n+000294f0: 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 odule.. ... ..\n+00029500: 986b 6672 6565 6273 64e2 8099 202d 204c .kfreebsd... - L\n+00029510: 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4672 oad kernel of Fr\n+00029520: 6565 4253 442e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 eeBSD.. ... ..\n+00029530: 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f .knetbsd_module_\n+00029540: 656c 66e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e65 elf... - Load Ne\n+00029550: 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 tBSD kernel modu\n+00029560: 6c65 2028 454c 4629 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 le (ELF).. ...\n+00029570: 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 ...knetbsd_modu\n+00029580: 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e 6574 le... - Load Net\n+00029590: 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c BSD kernel modul\n+000295a0: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6e65 e.. ... ...kne\n+000295b0: 7462 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b tbsd... - Load k\n+000295c0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 204e 6574 4253 442e ernel of NetBSD.\n+000295d0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6f70 656e . ... ...kopen\n+000295e0: 6273 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 bsd... - Load ke\n+000295f0: 726e 656c 206f 6620 4f70 656e 4253 442e rnel of OpenBSD.\n+00029600: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6f70 656e . ... ...kopen\n+00029610: 6273 645f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 202d bsd_ramdisk... -\n+00029620: 204c 6f61 6420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2072 Load kOpenBSD r\n+00029630: 616d 6469 736b 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 amdisk.. ... .\n+00029640: 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f69 6e69 7472 645f ..legacy_initrd_\n+00029650: 6e6f 756e 7a69 70e2 8099 202d 2053 696d nounzip... - Sim\n+00029660: 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 ulate grub-legac\n+00029670: 7920 276d 6f64 756c 656e 6f75 6e7a 6970 y 'modulenounzip\n+00029680: 270a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 '. command. \n+00029690: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f ... ...legacy_\n+000296a0: 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 initrd... - Simu\n+000296b0: 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 late grub-legacy\n+000296c0: 2027 696e 6974 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 'initrd' comman\n+000296d0: 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 d. ... ...lega\n+000296e0: 6379 5f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 202d 2053 cy_kernel... - S\n+000296f0: 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 imulate grub-leg\n+00029700: 6163 7920 276b 6572 6e65 6c27 2063 6f6d acy 'kernel' com\n+00029710: 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d mand. ... ...m\n+00029720: 6f64 756c 6532 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 odule2... - Load\n+00029730: 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2032 206d a multiboot 2 m\n+00029740: 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 odule.. ... ..\n+00029750: 986d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 .module... - Loa\n+00029760: 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f d a multiboot mo\n+00029770: 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 dule.. ... ...\n+00029780: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 e280 9920 2d20 multiboot2... - \n+00029790: 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 Load a multiboot\n+000297a0: 2032 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 e280 2 kernel.. ..\n+000297b0: a220 e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 e280 . ...multiboot..\n+000297c0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 . - Load a multi\n+000297d0: 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 boot kernel.. \n+000297e0: e280 a220 e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 9920 ... ...ntldr... \n+000297f0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e 544c 4452 206f 7220 - Load NTLDR or \n+00029800: 426f 6f74 4d47 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 BootMGR.. ... \n+00029810: e280 9870 6c61 6e39 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f ...plan9... - Lo\n+00029820: 6164 2050 6c61 6e39 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e ad Plan9 kernel.\n+00029830: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 7865 6368 . ... ...pxech\n+00029840: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 202d 204c ainloader... - L\n+00029850: 6f61 6420 6120 5058 4520 696d 6167 652e oad a PXE image.\n+00029860: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 7275 6563 . ... ...truec\n+00029870: 7279 7074 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2054 rypt... - Load T\n+00029880: 7275 6563 7279 7074 2049 534f 2e0a 2020 ruecrypt ISO.. \n+00029890: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 726e ... ...xnu_kern\n+000298a0: 656c 3634 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2036 el64... - Load 6\n+000298b0: 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 696d 6167 652e 4-bit XNU image.\n+000298c0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b . ... ...xnu_k\n+000298d0: 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 ernel... - Load \n+000298e0: 584e 5520 696d 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 XNU image.. ..\n+000298f0: a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6578 7464 6972 . ...xnu_kextdir\n+00029900: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2065 ... - Load XNU e\n+00029910: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2064 6972 6563 746f xtension directo\n+00029920: 7279 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e ry.. ... ...xn\n+00029930: 755f 6b65 7874 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 u_kext... - Load\n+00029940: 2058 4e55 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2e0a XNU extension..\n+00029950: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6d6b ... ...xnu_mk\n+00029960: 6578 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e ext... - Load XN\n+00029970: 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 7061 636b U extension pack\n+00029980: 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 age.. ... ...x\n+00029990: 6e75 5f72 616d 6469 736b e280 9920 2d20 nu_ramdisk... - \n+000299a0: 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2072 616d 6469 736b Load XNU ramdisk\n+000299b0: 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6176 . It will be av\n+000299c0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 204f 5320 6173 ailable in OS as\n+000299d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d64 302e 0a20 2020 e280 . md0.. ..\n+000299e0: a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f72 6573 756d 65e2 . ...xnu_resume.\n+000299f0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 2069 6d61 .. - Load an ima\n+00029a00: 6765 206f 6620 6869 6265 726e 6174 6564 ge of hibernated\n+00029a10: 2058 4e55 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 XNU.. ... ...\n+00029a20: 786e 755f 7370 6c61 7368 e280 9920 2d20 xnu_splash... - \n+00029a30: 4c6f 6164 2061 2073 706c 6173 6820 696d Load a splash im\n+00029a40: 6167 6520 666f 7220 584e 552e 0a0a 2a20 age for XNU...* \n+00029a50: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f Menu:..* chainlo\n+00029a60: 6164 6572 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader:: \n+00029a70: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 Chain-loa\n+00029a80: 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c d another boot l\n+00029a90: 6f61 6465 720a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3a3a oader.* initrd::\n 00029aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029ab0: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 2069 Load a Linux i\n-00029ac0: 6e69 7472 640a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 nitrd.* initrd16\n-00029ad0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00029ae0: 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e Load a Lin\n-00029af0: 7578 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2831 362d 6269 ux initrd (16-bi\n-00029b00: 7420 6d6f 6465 290a 2a20 6c69 6e75 783a t mode).* linux:\n-00029b10: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00029b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c Load a L\n-00029b30: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2a20 6c69 inux kernel.* li\n-00029b40: 6e75 7831 363a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nux16:: \n-00029b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 Load\n-00029b60: 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 a Linux kernel \n-00029b70: 2831 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 290a 2a20 (16-bit mode).* \n-00029b80: 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 3a3a xen_hypervisor::\n-00029b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n-00029ba0: 6164 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f ad xen hyperviso\n-00029bb0: 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2028 6f6e 6c79 206f r binary (only o\n-00029bc0: 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3429 0a2a 2078 656e n AArch64).* xen\n-00029bd0: 5f6d 6f64 756c 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 _module:: \n-00029be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n-00029bf0: 7865 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 666f 7220 xen modules for \n-00029c00: 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2028 xen hypervisor (\n-00029c10: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3429 only on AArch64)\n-00029c20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00029c30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6169 nfo, Node: chai\n-00029c40: 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 nloader, Next: \n-00029c50: 696e 6974 7264 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 initrd, Up: Loa\n-00029c60: 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 der commands..17\n-00029c70: 2e32 2e31 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 .2.1 chainloader\n-00029c80: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00029c90: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00029ca0: 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 5b2d : chainloader [-\n-00029cb0: 2d66 6f72 6365 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 -force] file [ar\n-00029cc0: 6773 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 gs...]. Load\n-00029cd0: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6861 696e FILE as a chain\n-00029ce0: 2d6c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4c69 6b65 2061 -loader. Like a\n-00029cf0: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 6c6f ny other file lo\n-00029d00: 6164 6564 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 aded by the. \n-00029d10: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6465 filesystem code\n-00029d20: 2c20 6974 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 , it can use the\n-00029d30: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 206e 6f74 6174 blocklist notat\n-00029d40: 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b ion (*note Block\n-00029d50: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 . list synta\n-00029d60: 783a 3a29 2074 6f20 6772 6162 2074 6865 x::) to grab the\n-00029d70: 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 first sector of\n-00029d80: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2070 6172 the current par\n-00029d90: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 tition. with\n-00029da0: 20e2 8098 2b31 e280 992e 2020 4f6e 2045 ...+1.... On E\n-00029db0: 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c20 616e FI platforms, an\n-00029dc0: 7920 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6166 7465 y arguments afte\n-00029dd0: 7220 4649 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 r FILE will be s\n-00029de0: 656e 740a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ent. to the \n-00029df0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 0a20 loaded image... \n-00029e00: 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 If you speci\n-00029e10: 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 fy the option ..\n-00029e20: 982d 2d66 6f72 6365 e280 992c 2074 6865 .--force..., the\n-00029e30: 6e20 6c6f 6164 2046 494c 4520 666f 7263 n load FILE forc\n-00029e40: 6962 6c79 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6865 7468 ibly,. wheth\n-00029e50: 6572 2069 7420 6861 7320 6120 636f 7272 er it has a corr\n-00029e60: 6563 7420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f72 ect signature or\n-00029e70: 206e 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2072 not. This is r\n-00029e80: 6571 7569 7265 6420 7768 656e 0a20 2020 equired when. \n-00029e90: 2020 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6c6f you want to lo\n-00029ea0: 6164 2061 2064 6566 6563 7469 7665 2062 ad a defective b\n-00029eb0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7375 6368 oot loader, such\n-00029ec0: 2061 7320 5343 4f20 556e 6978 5761 7265 as SCO UnixWare\n-00029ed0: 2037 2e31 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7.1.....File: g\n-00029ee0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00029ef0: 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 initrd, Next: \n-00029f00: 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 2050 7265 763a initrd16, Prev:\n-00029f10: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2055 chainloader, U\n-00029f20: 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e p: Loader comman\n-00029f30: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e32 2069 6e69 7472 ds..17.2.2 initr\n-00029f40: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a d.-------------.\n-00029f50: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e . -- Command: in\n-00029f60: 6974 7264 2066 696c 6520 5b66 696c 6520 itrd file [file \n-00029f70: 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2c20 ...]. Load, \n-00029f80: 696e 206f 7264 6572 2c20 616c 6c20 696e in order, all in\n-00029f90: 6974 7264 7320 666f 7220 6120 4c69 6e75 itrds for a Linu\n-00029fa0: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 x kernel image, \n-00029fb0: 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 and set the. \n-00029fc0: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2070 6172 appropriate par\n-00029fd0: 616d 6574 6572 7320 696e 2074 6865 204c ameters in the L\n-00029fe0: 696e 7578 2073 6574 7570 2061 7265 6120 inux setup area \n-00029ff0: 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5468 6973 in memory. This\n-0002a000: 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 2062 may. only b\n-0002a010: 6520 7573 6564 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 e used after the\n-0002a020: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2063 6f6d ...linux... com\n-0002a030: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 mand (*note linu\n-0002a040: 783a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e0a 2020 x::) has been. \n-0002a050: 2020 2072 756e 2e20 2053 6565 202a 6e6f run. See *no\n-0002a060: 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 2066 te GNU/Linux:: f\n-0002a070: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 206f 6e20 or more info on \n-0002a080: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 booting GNU/Linu\n-0002a090: 782e 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6d6f 7265 x.. For more\n-0002a0a0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 information on \n-0002a0b0: 696e 6974 7264 7320 7365 6520 7468 6520 initrds see the \n-0002a0c0: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c GNU/Linux kernel\n-0002a0d0: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 . documentat\n-0002a0e0: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 733a ion. (https:\n-0002a0f0: 2f2f 646f 6373 2e6b 6572 6e65 6c2e 6f72 //docs.kernel.or\n-0002a100: 672f 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 732f 7261 g/filesystems/ra\n-0002a110: 6d66 732d 726f 6f74 6673 2d69 6e69 7472 mfs-rootfs-initr\n-0002a120: 616d 6673 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2020 amfs.html)... \n-0002a130: 2020 4120 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 696e A new-style in\n-0002a140: 6974 7264 2028 666f 7220 6b65 726e 656c itrd (for kernel\n-0002a150: 7320 6e65 7765 7220 7468 616e 2032 2e36 s newer than 2.6\n-0002a160: 2920 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206f 6e65 ) containing one\n-0002a170: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 file. with \n-0002a180: 6c65 6164 696e 6720 7061 7468 2063 6f6d leading path com\n-0002a190: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6361 6e20 616c 736f ponents can also\n-0002a1a0: 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6174 be generated at\n-0002a1b0: 2072 756e 2074 696d 652e 0a20 2020 2020 run time.. \n-0002a1c0: 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 This can be done\n-0002a1d0: 2062 7920 7072 6566 6978 696e 6720 616e by prefixing an\n-0002a1e0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 7769 7468 20e2 argument with .\n-0002a1f0: 8098 6e65 7763 3ae2 8099 2066 6f6c 6c6f ..newc:... follo\n-0002a200: 7765 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 wed by. the \n-0002a210: 7061 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 path of the file\n-0002a220: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6e65 7720 696e 6974 in the new init\n-0002a230: 7264 2c20 6120 e280 983a e280 992c 2061 rd, a ...:..., a\n-0002a240: 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 nd then the GRUB\n-0002a250: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2070 6174 6820 . file path \n-0002a260: 746f 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6461 7461 to the file data\n-0002a270: 2074 6f20 6265 2062 6520 696e 636c 7564 to be be includ\n-0002a280: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 ed... For ex\n-0002a290: 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ample:. \n-0002a2a0: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6e65 7763 3a2f 6574 initrd newc:/et\n-0002a2b0: 632f 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 3a28 6864 c/ssh/config:(hd\n-0002a2c0: 302c 3229 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f2e 0,2)/home/user/.\n-0002a2d0: 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 205c 0a20 2020 ssh/config \\. \n-0002a2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n-0002a2f0: 7763 3a2f 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f wc:/etc/ssh/ssh_\n-0002a300: 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 3a2f 6574 host_rsa_key:/et\n-0002a310: 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 c/ssh/ssh_host_r\n-0002a320: 7361 5f6b 6579 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 sa_key \\. \n-0002a330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f62 6f6f 742f /boot/\n-0002a340: 696e 6974 7264 2e67 7a20 5c0a 2020 2020 initrd.gz \\. \n-0002a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 new\n-0002a360: 633a 2f69 6e69 743a 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 c:/init:/home/us\n-0002a370: 6572 2f69 6e69 742e 6669 7865 640a 0a20 er/init.fixed.. \n-0002a380: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n-0002a390: 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2074 will generate t\n-0002a3a0: 776f 206e 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2069 6e69 wo new-style ini\n-0002a3b0: 7472 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 666c 792e trds on the fly.\n-0002a3c0: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6972 7374 The. first\n-0002a3d0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 7061 contains the pa\n-0002a3e0: 7468 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f63 th .../etc/ssh/c\n-0002a3f0: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 7468 onfig... with th\n-0002a400: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 660a 2020 e contents of. \n-0002a410: 2020 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c32 292f 686f ...(hd0,2)/ho\n-0002a420: 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 2e73 7368 2f63 6f6e me/user/.ssh/con\n-0002a430: 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 fig... and the p\n-0002a440: 6174 680a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 ath. .../etc\n-0002a450: 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 /ssh/ssh_host_rs\n-0002a460: 615f 6b65 79e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 7468 a_key... with th\n-0002a470: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 660a 2020 e contents of. \n-0002a480: 2020 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 .../etc/ssh/s\n-0002a490: 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 79e2 sh_host_rsa_key.\n-0002a4a0: 8099 206f 6e20 7468 6520 524f 4f54 2064 .. on the ROOT d\n-0002a4b0: 6576 6963 652e 2020 5061 7265 6e74 2064 evice. Parent d\n-0002a4c0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7061 irectory. pa\n-0002a4d0: 7468 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 ths will automat\n-0002a4e0: 6963 616c 6c79 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 ically be genera\n-0002a4f0: 7465 6420 6173 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 ted as needed. \n-0002a500: 5468 6973 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 This first. \n-0002a510: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 696e 6974 7264 generated initrd\n-0002a520: 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2068 6176 6520 will then have \n-0002a530: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e .../boot/initrd.\n-0002a540: 677a e280 9920 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 gz... concatenat\n-0002a550: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 6974 ed. after it\n-0002a560: 2e20 204e 6578 742c 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 . Next, another\n-0002a570: 206e 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2061 7263 6869 new-style archi\n-0002a580: 7665 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 ve will be gener\n-0002a590: 6174 6564 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 2074 ated with. t\n-0002a5a0: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 20e2 he contents of .\n-0002a5b0: 8098 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f69 6e69 ../home/user/ini\n-0002a5c0: 742e 6669 7865 64e2 8099 2069 6e20 7468 t.fixed... in th\n-0002a5d0: 6520 7061 7468 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 e path .../init.\n-0002a5e0: 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 .. and. appe\n-0002a5f0: 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7072 6576 nded to the prev\n-0002a600: 696f 7573 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7469 ious concatenati\n-0002a610: 6f6e 2e20 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 on. Finally, th\n-0002a620: 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 e result will. \n-0002a630: 2020 2062 6520 7365 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 be sent to th\n-0002a640: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 626f e kernel when bo\n-0002a650: 6f74 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4b65 6570 oted... Keep\n-0002a660: 2069 6e20 6d69 6e64 2074 6861 7420 7061 in mind that pa\n-0002a670: 7468 7320 7468 6174 2063 6f6d 6520 6c61 ths that come la\n-0002a680: 7465 7220 7769 6c6c 2074 616b 6520 7072 ter will take pr\n-0002a690: 6563 6564 656e 6365 2e20 2053 6f0a 2020 ecedence. So. \n-0002a6a0: 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6578 616d 706c in the exampl\n-0002a6b0: 6520 6162 6f76 652c 2074 6865 2067 656e e above, the gen\n-0002a6c0: 6572 6174 6564 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f erated path .../\n-0002a6d0: 696e 6974 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 init... will ove\n-0002a6e0: 7277 7269 7465 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 rwrite any. \n-0002a6f0: e280 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 696e 20e2 .../init... in .\n-0002a700: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 7264 2e67 ../boot/initrd.g\n-0002a710: 7ae2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6361 6e20 z.... This can \n-0002a720: 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 656e 2063 be useful when c\n-0002a730: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 hanging the. \n-0002a740: 206d 6169 6e20 696e 6974 7264 2069 7320 main initrd is \n-0002a750: 756e 6465 7369 7261 626c 6520 6f72 2064 undesirable or d\n-0002a760: 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ifficult.....Fil\n-0002a770: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002a780: 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 ode: initrd16, \n-0002a790: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 5072 Next: linux, Pr\n-0002a7a0: 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 2055 703a ev: initrd, Up:\n-0002a7b0: 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Loader commands\n-0002a7c0: 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e33 2069 6e69 7472 6431 ..17.2.3 initrd1\n-0002a7d0: 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6.--------------\n-0002a7e0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002a7f0: 696e 6974 7264 3136 2066 696c 6520 5b66 initrd16 file [f\n-0002a800: 696c 6520 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f ile ...]. Lo\n-0002a810: 6164 2c20 696e 206f 7264 6572 2c20 616c ad, in order, al\n-0002a820: 6c20 696e 6974 7264 7320 666f 7220 6120 l initrds for a \n-0002a830: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 Linux kernel ima\n-0002a840: 6765 2074 6f20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 640a ge to be booted.\n-0002a850: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 3136 2d62 6974 206d in 16-bit m\n-0002a860: 6f64 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 ode, and set the\n-0002a870: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2070 6172 appropriate par\n-0002a880: 616d 6574 6572 7320 696e 2074 6865 204c ameters in the L\n-0002a890: 696e 7578 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7475 7020 inux. setup \n-0002a8a0: 6172 6561 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 area in memory. \n-0002a8b0: 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2062 This may only b\n-0002a8c0: 6520 7573 6564 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 e used after the\n-0002a8d0: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a20 ...linux16.... \n-0002a8e0: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f command (*no\n-0002a8f0: 7465 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2920 6861 te linux16::) ha\n-0002a900: 7320 6265 656e 2072 756e 2e20 2053 6565 s been run. See\n-0002a910: 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e 552f also *note GNU/\n-0002a920: 4c69 6e75 783a 3a0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 Linux::. and\n-0002a930: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 the ...initrd..\n-0002a940: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 . command (*note\n-0002a950: 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2066 6f72 206d initrd::) for m\n-0002a960: 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 7320 6f6e 0a20 ore details on. \n-0002a970: 2020 2020 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732e 0a0a arguments...\n-0002a980: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e This comman\n-0002a990: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 d is only availa\n-0002a9a0: 626c 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 6320 706c ble on the pc pl\n-0002a9b0: 6174 666f 726d 2066 6f72 2078 3836 2073 atform for x86 s\n-0002a9c0: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ystems.....File:\n-0002a9d0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002a9e0: 653a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: linux, Next:\n-0002a9f0: 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 2050 7265 763a linux16, Prev:\n-0002aa00: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 5570 3a20 initrd16, Up: \n-0002aa10: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a Loader commands.\n-0002aa20: 0a31 372e 322e 3420 6c69 6e75 780a 2d2d .17.2.4 linux.--\n-0002aa30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002aa40: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 696e 7578 2066 Command: linux f\n-0002aa50: 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 ile .... Loa\n-0002aa60: 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c d a Linux kernel\n-0002aa70: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 image from FILE\n-0002aa80: 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 . The rest of t\n-0002aa90: 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 he line is. \n-0002aaa0: 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 passed verbatim \n-0002aab0: 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c as the ...kernel\n-0002aac0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d command-line...\n-0002aad0: 2e20 2041 6e79 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6d75 . Any initrd mu\n-0002aae0: 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6f61 st be. reloa\n-0002aaf0: 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 ded after using \n-0002ab00: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e this command (*n\n-0002ab10: 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292e 0a0a ote initrd::)...\n-0002ab20: 2020 2020 204f 6e20 7838 3620 7379 7374 On x86 syst\n-0002ab30: 656d 732c 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ems, the kernel \n-0002ab40: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2075 will be booted u\n-0002ab50: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2033 322d 6269 7420 sing the 32-bit \n-0002ab60: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6f63 boot. protoc\n-0002ab70: 6f6c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2074 ol. Note that t\n-0002ab80: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 his means that t\n-0002ab90: 6865 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 626f he ...vga=... bo\n-0002aba0: 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 0a20 ot option will. \n-0002abb0: 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 3b20 6966 not work; if\n-0002abc0: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 you want to set\n-0002abd0: 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2076 6964 656f a special video\n-0002abe0: 206d 6f64 652c 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 mode, you will \n-0002abf0: 6e65 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2075 7365 need to. use\n-0002ac00: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 GRUB commands s\n-0002ac10: 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 7365 7420 6766 uch as ...set gf\n-0002ac20: 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 3d31 3032 3478 3736 xpayload=1024x76\n-0002ac30: 38e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9873 6574 0a20 8... or ...set. \n-0002ac40: 2020 2020 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 3d6b gfxpayload=k\n-0002ac50: 6565 70e2 8099 2028 746f 206b 6565 7020 eep... (to keep \n-0002ac60: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 206d 6f64 6520 6173 the same mode as\n-0002ac70: 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 4229 2069 used in GRUB) i\n-0002ac80: 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 nstead.. GRU\n-0002ac90: 4220 6361 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 B can automatica\n-0002aca0: 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 2073 6f6d 6520 lly detect some \n-0002acb0: 7573 6573 206f 6620 e280 9876 6761 3de2 uses of ...vga=.\n-0002acc0: 8099 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 .. and translate\n-0002acd0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656d 2074 6f20 6170 . them to ap\n-0002ace0: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7365 7474 696e propriate settin\n-0002acf0: 6773 206f 6620 e280 9867 6678 7061 796c gs of ...gfxpayl\n-0002ad00: 6f61 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 oad.... The ...\n-0002ad10: 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 linux16.... \n-0002ad20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c command (*note l\n-0002ad30: 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2920 6176 6f69 6473 inux16::) avoids\n-0002ad40: 2074 6869 7320 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f this restrictio\n-0002ad50: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-0002ad60: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .info, Node: li\n-0002ad70: 6e75 7831 362c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7865 nux16, Next: xe\n-0002ad80: 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 2050 n_hypervisor, P\n-0002ad90: 7265 763a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a rev: linux, Up:\n-0002ada0: 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Loader commands\n-0002adb0: 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e35 206c 696e 7578 3136 ..17.2.5 linux16\n-0002adc0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-0002add0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 . -- Command: li\n-0002ade0: 6e75 7831 3620 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 nux16 file .... \n-0002adf0: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 Load a Linux\n-0002ae00: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 kernel image fr\n-0002ae10: 6f6d 2046 494c 4520 696e 2031 362d 6269 om FILE in 16-bi\n-0002ae20: 7420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 t mode. The res\n-0002ae30: 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 t of. the li\n-0002ae40: 6e65 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 ne is passed ver\n-0002ae50: 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c batim as the ...\n-0002ae60: 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c kernel command-l\n-0002ae70: 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 ine.... Any. \n-0002ae80: 2020 696e 6974 7264 206d 7573 7420 6265 initrd must be\n-0002ae90: 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 reloaded after \n-0002aea0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 using this comma\n-0002aeb0: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2069 nd (*note. i\n-0002aec0: 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 nitrd16::)... \n-0002aed0: 2020 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c The kernel wil\n-0002aee0: 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 7573 696e l be booted usin\n-0002aef0: 6720 7468 6520 7472 6164 6974 696f 6e61 g the traditiona\n-0002af00: 6c20 3136 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 l 16-bit boot. \n-0002af10: 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4173 protocol. As\n-0002af20: 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2062 7970 6173 7369 well as bypassi\n-0002af30: 6e67 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 7769 7468 ng problems with\n-0002af40: 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 6465 7363 ...vga=... desc\n-0002af50: 7269 6265 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2a6e ribed in. *n\n-0002af60: 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a2c 2074 6869 ote linux::, thi\n-0002af70: 7320 7065 726d 6974 7320 626f 6f74 696e s permits bootin\n-0002af80: 6720 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2070 726f g some other pro\n-0002af90: 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 grams that. \n-0002afa0: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 7468 6520 4c69 implement the Li\n-0002afb0: 6e75 7820 626f 6f74 2070 726f 746f 636f nux boot protoco\n-0002afc0: 6c20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 206f l for the sake o\n-0002afd0: 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652e 0a0a f convenience...\n-0002afe0: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e This comman\n-0002aff0: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 d is only availa\n-0002b000: 626c 6520 6f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 ble on x86 syste\n-0002b010: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n-0002b020: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2078 b.info, Node: x\n-0002b030: 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 en_hypervisor, \n-0002b040: 4e65 7874 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 Next: xen_module\n-0002b050: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 696e 7578 3136 , Prev: linux16\n-0002b060: 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f , Up: Loader co\n-0002b070: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e36 2078 mmands..17.2.6 x\n-0002b080: 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 720a 2d2d en_hypervisor.--\n-0002b090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002b0a0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002b0b0: 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 : xen_hypervisor\n-0002b0c0: 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 file [arguments\n-0002b0d0: 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 ] .... Load \n-0002b0e0: 6120 5865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 a Xen hypervisor\n-0002b0f0: 2062 696e 6172 7920 6672 6f6d 2046 494c binary from FIL\n-0002b100: 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 E. The rest of \n-0002b110: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 the line is. \n-0002b120: 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d passed verbatim\n-0002b130: 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 as the ...kerne\n-0002b140: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 l command-line..\n-0002b150: 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6269 .. Any other bi\n-0002b160: 6e61 7269 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 7374 naries. must\n-0002b170: 2062 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 be reloaded aft\n-0002b180: 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f er using this co\n-0002b190: 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d mmand. This com\n-0002b1a0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 mand is only. \n-0002b1b0: 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2041 available on A\n-0002b1c0: 4172 6368 3634 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a Arch64 systems..\n-0002b1d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002b1e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 5f6d fo, Node: xen_m\n-0002b1f0: 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7865 odule, Prev: xe\n-0002b200: 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 2055 n_hypervisor, U\n-0002b210: 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e p: Loader comman\n-0002b220: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e37 2078 656e 5f6d ds..17.2.7 xen_m\n-0002b230: 6f64 756c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d odule.----------\n-0002b240: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0002b250: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 mand: xen_module\n-0002b260: 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d 2066 696c [--nounzip] fil\n-0002b270: 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d0a 2020 e [arguments]. \n-0002b280: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 Load a module\n-0002b290: 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 for xen hypervi\n-0002b2a0: 736f 7220 6174 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 sor at the booti\n-0002b2b0: 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 206f 6620 7865 ng process of xe\n-0002b2c0: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 n.. The rest\n-0002b2d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 of the line is \n-0002b2e0: 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 passed verbatim \n-0002b2f0: 6173 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 636f as the module co\n-0002b300: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a 2020 2020 mmand line.. \n-0002b310: 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 Modules should \n-0002b320: 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 be loaded in the\n-0002b330: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7264 6572 following order\n-0002b340: 3a20 2d20 646f 6d30 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a : - dom0 kernel.\n-0002b350: 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 202d 2064 6f6d image - dom\n-0002b360: 3020 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6966 2070 7265 0 ramdisk if pre\n-0002b370: 7365 6e74 202d 2058 534d 2070 6f6c 6963 sent - XSM polic\n-0002b380: 7920 6966 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2054 6869 y if present Thi\n-0002b390: 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 s. command i\n-0002b3a0: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n-0002b3b0: 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 7379 7374 on AArch64 syst\n-0002b3c0: 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ems.....File: gr\n-0002b3d0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002b3e0: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 General commands\n-0002b3f0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 , Next: Command\n-0002b400: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 -line commands, \n-0002b410: 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f Prev: Loader co\n-0002b420: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d mmands, Up: Com\n-0002b430: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3320 4765 6e65 mands..17.3 Gene\n-0002b440: 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d ral commands.===\n-0002b450: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0002b460: 3d3d 0a0a 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2075 7361 ==..Commands usa\n-0002b470: 626c 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 2069 6e20 ble anywhere in \n-0002b480: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 the menu and in \n-0002b490: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n-0002b4a0: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 7365 ...* Menu:..* se\n-0002b4b0: 7269 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rial:: \n-0002b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n-0002b4d0: 7570 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6465 7669 up a serial devi\n-0002b4e0: 6365 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e ce.* terminal_in\n-0002b4f0: 7075 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 put:: \n-0002b500: 2020 204d 616e 6167 6520 696e 7075 7420 Manage input \n-0002b510: 7465 726d 696e 616c 730a 2a20 7465 726d terminals.* term\n-0002b520: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 3a20 2020 inal_output:: \n-0002b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 Manage\n-0002b540: 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c output terminal\n-0002b550: 730a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 3a3a 2020 s.* terminfo:: \n-0002b560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002b570: 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 Define termina\n-0002b580: 6c20 7479 7065 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 l type....File: \n-0002b590: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002b5a0: 3a20 7365 7269 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a : serial, Next:\n-0002b5b0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c terminal_input,\n-0002b5c0: 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f Up: General co\n-0002b5d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e31 2073 mmands..17.3.1 s\n-0002b5e0: 6572 6961 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erial.----------\n-0002b5f0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002b600: 3a20 7365 7269 616c 205b 2d2d 756e 6974 : serial [--unit\n-0002b610: 3d75 6e69 745d 205b 2d2d 706f 7274 3d70 =unit] [--port=p\n-0002b620: 6f72 745d 205b 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 7370 ort] [--speed=sp\n-0002b630: 6565 645d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b eed]. [\n-0002b640: 2d2d 776f 7264 3d77 6f72 645d 205b 2d2d --word=word] [--\n-0002b650: 7061 7269 7479 3d70 6172 6974 795d 205b parity=parity] [\n-0002b660: 2d2d 7374 6f70 3d73 746f 705d 0a20 2020 --stop=stop]. \n-0002b670: 2020 496e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2061 2073 Initialize a s\n-0002b680: 6572 6961 6c20 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2055 erial device. U\n-0002b690: 4e49 5420 6973 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 NIT is a number \n-0002b6a0: 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 2d33 in the range 0-3\n-0002b6b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 . specifying\n-0002b6c0: 2077 6869 6368 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f which serial po\n-0002b6d0: 7274 2074 6f20 7573 653b 2064 6566 6175 rt to use; defau\n-0002b6e0: 6c74 2069 7320 302c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 lt is 0, which. \n-0002b6f0: 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 corresponds \n-0002b700: 746f 2074 6865 2070 6f72 7420 6f66 7465 to the port ofte\n-0002b710: 6e20 6361 6c6c 6564 2043 4f4d 312e 0a0a n called COM1...\n-0002b720: 2020 2020 2050 4f52 5420 6973 2074 6865 PORT is the\n-0002b730: 2049 2f4f 2070 6f72 7420 7768 6572 6520 I/O port where \n-0002b740: 7468 6520 5541 5254 2069 7320 746f 2062 the UART is to b\n-0002b750: 6520 666f 756e 6420 6f72 2c20 6966 2070 e found or, if p\n-0002b760: 7265 6669 7865 640a 2020 2020 2077 6974 refixed. wit\n-0002b770: 6820 e280 986d 6d69 6f2c e280 992c 2074 h ...mmio,..., t\n-0002b780: 6865 204d 4d49 4f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 he MMIO address \n-0002b790: 6f66 2074 6865 2055 4152 542e 2049 6620 of the UART. If \n-0002b7a0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6974 2074 616b specified it tak\n-0002b7b0: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6563 6564 656e es. preceden\n-0002b7c0: 6365 206f 7665 7220 554e 4954 2e0a 0a20 ce over UNIT... \n-0002b7d0: 2020 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 Additionally\n-0002b7e0: 2c20 616e 204d 4d49 4f20 6164 6472 6573 , an MMIO addres\n-0002b7f0: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7566 6669 7865 s can be suffixe\n-0002b800: 6420 7769 7468 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d with:. \n-0002b810: e280 a220 e280 982e 62e2 8099 2066 6f72 ... ....b... for\n-0002b820: 2062 7974 6573 2061 6363 6573 7320 2864 bytes access (d\n-0002b830: 6566 6175 6c74 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 efault). \n-0002b840: e280 a220 e280 982e 77e2 8099 2066 6f72 ... ....w... for\n-0002b850: 2031 362d 6269 7420 776f 7264 2061 6363 16-bit word acc\n-0002b860: 6573 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 ess. ... \n-0002b870: e280 982e 6ce2 8099 2066 6f72 2033 322d ....l... for 32-\n-0002b880: 6269 7420 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 6163 bit long word ac\n-0002b890: 6365 7373 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 cess or. \n-0002b8a0: e280 a220 e280 982e 71e2 8099 2066 6f72 ... ....q... for\n-0002b8b0: 2036 342d 6269 7420 6c6f 6e67 206c 6f6e 64-bit long lon\n-0002b8c0: 6720 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 730a 0a20 g word access.. \n-0002b8d0: 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 504f 5254 2063 Also, PORT c\n-0002b8e0: 616e 2062 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f72 an be of the for\n-0002b8f0: 6d20 e280 9870 6369 2c58 583a 5858 2e58 m ...pci,XX:XX.X\n-0002b900: e280 9920 746f 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 ... to indicate \n-0002b910: 6120 7365 7269 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 a serial. de\n-0002b920: 7669 6365 2065 7870 6f73 6564 206f 6e20 vice exposed on \n-0002b930: 7468 6520 5043 4920 6275 732e 0a0a 2020 the PCI bus... \n-0002b940: 2020 2053 5045 4544 2069 7320 7468 6520 SPEED is the \n-0002b950: 7472 616e 736d 6973 7369 6f6e 2073 7065 transmission spe\n-0002b960: 6564 3b20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2039 ed; default is 9\n-0002b970: 3630 302e 2020 574f 5244 2061 6e64 2053 600. WORD and S\n-0002b980: 544f 500a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2074 6865 TOP. are the\n-0002b990: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2064 6174 6120 number of data \n-0002b9a0: 6269 7473 2061 6e64 2073 746f 7020 6269 bits and stop bi\n-0002b9b0: 7473 2e20 2044 6174 6120 6269 7473 206d ts. Data bits m\n-0002b9c0: 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 ust be in. t\n-0002b9d0: 6865 2072 616e 6765 2035 2d38 2061 6e64 he range 5-8 and\n-0002b9e0: 2073 746f 7020 6269 7473 206d 7573 7420 stop bits must \n-0002b9f0: 6265 2031 206f 7220 322e 2020 4465 6661 be 1 or 2. Defa\n-0002ba00: 756c 7420 6973 2038 2064 6174 6120 6269 ult is 8 data bi\n-0002ba10: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6f6e 6520 ts. and one \n-0002ba20: 7374 6f70 2062 6974 2e20 2050 4152 4954 stop bit. PARIT\n-0002ba30: 5920 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 e280 986e Y is one of ...n\n-0002ba40: 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 986f 6464 e280 992c o..., ...odd...,\n-0002ba50: 20e2 8098 6576 656e e280 9920 616e 640a ...even... and.\n-0002ba60: 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f defaults to\n-0002ba70: 20e2 8098 6e6f e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 ...no...... \n-0002ba80: 2049 6620 7061 7373 6564 206e 6f20 554e If passed no UN\n-0002ba90: 4954 206e 6f72 2050 4f52 542c 206f 7220 IT nor PORT, or \n-0002baa0: 6966 2050 4f52 5420 6973 2073 6574 2074 if PORT is set t\n-0002bab0: 6f20 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2074 6865 o ...auto... the\n-0002bac0: 6e20 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c n GRUB. will\n-0002bad0: 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 7573 6520 attempt to use \n-0002bae0: 4143 5049 2074 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 ACPI to automati\n-0002baf0: 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 cally detect the\n-0002bb00: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6465 6661 756c 740a system default.\n-0002bb10: 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 serial port\n-0002bb20: 2061 6e64 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 and its configu\n-0002bb30: 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 ration. If this\n-0002bb40: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 information is \n-0002bb50: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 not. availab\n-0002bb60: 6c65 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6465 6661 le, it will defa\n-0002bb70: 756c 7420 746f 2055 4e49 5420 302e 0a0a ult to UNIT 0...\n-0002bb80: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 The serial \n-0002bb90: 706f 7274 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 6564 port is not used\n-0002bba0: 2061 7320 6120 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 as a communicat\n-0002bbb0: 696f 6e20 6368 616e 6e65 6c20 756e 6c65 ion channel unle\n-0002bbc0: 7373 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 ss the. ...t\n-0002bbd0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 74e2 8099 erminal_input...\n-0002bbe0: 206f 7220 e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f or ...terminal_\n-0002bbf0: 6f75 7470 7574 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e output... comman\n-0002bc00: 6420 6973 2075 7365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 d is used (*note\n-0002bc10: 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 . terminal_i\n-0002bc20: 6e70 7574 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 nput::, *note te\n-0002bc30: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 3a29 rminal_output::)\n-0002bc40: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 2c20 7661 ... Note, va\n-0002bc50: 6c69 6420 504f 5254 2076 616c 7565 732c lid PORT values,\n-0002bc60: 2065 7863 6c75 6469 6e67 2049 4f20 706f excluding IO po\n-0002bc70: 7274 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2c20 6361 rt addresses, ca\n-0002bc80: 6e20 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 n be found. \n-0002bc90: 6279 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2074 6572 6d69 by listing termi\n-0002bca0: 6e61 6c73 2077 6974 6820 e280 9874 6572 nals with ...ter\n-0002bcb0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 992c minal_output...,\n-0002bcc0: 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 2061 6c6c 206e selecting all n\n-0002bcd0: 616d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6566 6978 ames. prefix\n-0002bce0: 6564 2062 7920 e280 9873 6572 6961 6c5f ed by ...serial_\n-0002bcf0: e280 9920 616e 6420 7265 6d6f 7669 6e67 ... and removing\n-0002bd00: 2074 6861 7420 7072 6566 6978 2e0a 0a20 that prefix... \n-0002bd10: 2020 2020 4578 616d 706c 6573 3a0a 2020 Examples:. \n-0002bd20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 202d serial -\n-0002bd30: 2d70 6f72 743d 3078 3366 3820 2d2d 7370 -port=0x3f8 --sp\n-0002bd40: 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 eed=9600. \n-0002bd50: 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 serial --port\n-0002bd60: 3d6d 6d69 6f2c 6665 6662 3030 3030 2e6c =mmio,fefb0000.l\n-0002bd70: 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d31 3135 3230 300a --speed=115200.\n-0002bd80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c serial\n-0002bd90: 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 7063 692c 3030 3a31 --port=pci,00:1\n-0002bda0: 362e 3320 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3131 3532 6.3 --speed=1152\n-0002bdb0: 3030 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 2061 6c73 00.. See als\n-0002bdc0: 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 7269 616c 2074 o *note Serial t\n-0002bdd0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 erminal::.....Fi\n-0002bde0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002bdf0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 Node: terminal_i\n-0002be00: 6e70 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6572 nput, Next: ter\n-0002be10: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2050 minal_output, P\n-0002be20: 7265 763a 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 5570 rev: serial, Up\n-0002be30: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e : General comman\n-0002be40: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e32 2074 6572 6d69 ds..17.3.2 termi\n-0002be50: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nal_input.------\n-0002be60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0002be70: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 . -- Command: te\n-0002be80: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 205b 2d2d rminal_input [--\n-0002be90: 6170 7065 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 655d append|--remove]\n-0002bea0: 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 315d 205b 7465 [terminal1] [te\n-0002beb0: 726d 696e 616c 325d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 rminal2]. \n-0002bec0: 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 .... List\n-0002bed0: 206f 7220 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 696e or select an in\n-0002bee0: 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 put terminal... \n-0002bef0: 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 With no argu\n-0002bf00: 6d65 6e74 732c 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 ments, list the \n-0002bf10: 6163 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2061 7661 696c active and avail\n-0002bf20: 6162 6c65 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 able input termi\n-0002bf30: 6e61 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 nals... With\n-0002bf40: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 e280 992c ...--append...,\n-0002bf50: 2061 6464 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 add the named t\n-0002bf60: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 erminals to the \n-0002bf70: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 7469 7665 0a20 list of active. \n-0002bf80: 2020 2020 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e input termin\n-0002bf90: 616c 733b 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6573 als; any of thes\n-0002bfa0: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f e may be used to\n-0002bfb0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 2069 6e70 7574 2074 provide input t\n-0002bfc0: 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 o GRUB... Wi\n-0002bfd0: 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 e280 th ...--remove..\n-0002bfe0: 992c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 6e61 ., remove the na\n-0002bff0: 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 6672 med terminals fr\n-0002c000: 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 6c69 om the active li\n-0002c010: 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e st... With n\n-0002c020: 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6120 o options but a \n-0002c030: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d 696e 616c list of terminal\n-0002c040: 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f 6e6c names, make onl\n-0002c050: 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 2020 y the listed. \n-0002c060: 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 terminal names\n-0002c070: 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 active.....File\n-0002c080: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002c090: 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 de: terminal_out\n-0002c0a0: 7075 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d put, Next: term\n-0002c0b0: 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6572 info, Prev: ter\n-0002c0c0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 5570 minal_input, Up\n-0002c0d0: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e : General comman\n-0002c0e0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e33 2074 6572 6d69 ds..17.3.3 termi\n-0002c0f0: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d nal_output.-----\n+00029ab0: 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e Load a Lin\n+00029ac0: 7578 2069 6e69 7472 640a 2a20 696e 6974 ux initrd.* init\n+00029ad0: 7264 3136 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rd16:: \n+00029ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 Load a\n+00029af0: 204c 696e 7578 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2831 Linux initrd (1\n+00029b00: 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 290a 2a20 6c69 6-bit mode).* li\n+00029b10: 6e75 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nux:: \n+00029b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 Load\n+00029b30: 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a a Linux kernel.\n+00029b40: 2a20 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a20 2020 2020 * linux16:: \n+00029b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00029b60: 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 Load a Linux ker\n+00029b70: 6e65 6c20 2831 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 nel (16-bit mode\n+00029b80: 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 ).* xen_hypervis\n+00029b90: 6f72 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or:: \n+00029ba0: 2020 4c6f 6164 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 Load xen hyper\n+00029bb0: 7669 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2028 6f6e visor binary (on\n+00029bc0: 6c79 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3429 0a2a ly on AArch64).*\n+00029bd0: 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 653a 3a20 2020 xen_module:: \n+00029be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+00029bf0: 6f61 6420 7865 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 oad xen modules \n+00029c00: 666f 7220 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 for xen hypervis\n+00029c10: 6f72 2028 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 4141 7263 or (only on AArc\n+00029c20: 6836 3429 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 h64)....File: gr\n+00029c30: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00029c40: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 4e65 chainloader, Ne\n+00029c50: 7874 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 2055 703a xt: initrd, Up:\n+00029c60: 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Loader commands\n+00029c70: 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e31 2063 6861 696e 6c6f ..17.2.1 chainlo\n+00029c80: 6164 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ader.-----------\n+00029c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00029ca0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 mand: chainloade\n+00029cb0: 7220 5b2d 2d66 6f72 6365 5d20 6669 6c65 r [--force] file\n+00029cc0: 205b 6172 6773 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 [args...]. \n+00029cd0: 4c6f 6164 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 Load FILE as a c\n+00029ce0: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4c69 hain-loader. Li\n+00029cf0: 6b65 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c ke any other fil\n+00029d00: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 7920 7468 650a e loaded by the.\n+00029d10: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 filesystem \n+00029d20: 636f 6465 2c20 6974 2063 616e 2075 7365 code, it can use\n+00029d30: 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 206e the blocklist n\n+00029d40: 6f74 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 otation (*note B\n+00029d50: 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 2073 lock. list s\n+00029d60: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2074 6f20 6772 6162 yntax::) to grab\n+00029d70: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f the first secto\n+00029d80: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 r of the current\n+00029d90: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 partition. \n+00029da0: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2b31 e280 992e 2020 with ...+1.... \n+00029db0: 4f6e 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 On EFI platforms\n+00029dc0: 2c20 616e 7920 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 , any arguments \n+00029dd0: 6166 7465 7220 4649 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 after FILE will \n+00029de0: 6265 2073 656e 740a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 be sent. to \n+00029df0: 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6d61 6765 the loaded image\n+00029e00: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 ... If you s\n+00029e10: 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f pecify the optio\n+00029e20: 6e20 e280 982d 2d66 6f72 6365 e280 992c n ...--force...,\n+00029e30: 2074 6865 6e20 6c6f 6164 2046 494c 4520 then load FILE \n+00029e40: 666f 7263 6962 6c79 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 forcibly,. w\n+00029e50: 6865 7468 6572 2069 7420 6861 7320 6120 hether it has a \n+00029e60: 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 676e 6174 7572 correct signatur\n+00029e70: 6520 6f72 206e 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 e or not. This \n+00029e80: 6973 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 7768 656e is required when\n+00029e90: 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 . you want t\n+00029ea0: 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 2064 6566 6563 7469 o load a defecti\n+00029eb0: 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 ve boot loader, \n+00029ec0: 7375 6368 2061 7320 5343 4f20 556e 6978 such as SCO Unix\n+00029ed0: 5761 7265 2037 2e31 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c Ware 7.1.....Fil\n+00029ee0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00029ef0: 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 4e65 ode: initrd, Ne\n+00029f00: 7874 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 2050 xt: initrd16, P\n+00029f10: 7265 763a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 rev: chainloader\n+00029f20: 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f , Up: Loader co\n+00029f30: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e32 2069 mmands..17.2.2 i\n+00029f40: 6e69 7472 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nitrd.----------\n+00029f50: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00029f60: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2066 696c 6520 5b66 : initrd file [f\n+00029f70: 696c 6520 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f ile ...]. Lo\n+00029f80: 6164 2c20 696e 206f 7264 6572 2c20 616c ad, in order, al\n+00029f90: 6c20 696e 6974 7264 7320 666f 7220 6120 l initrds for a \n+00029fa0: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 Linux kernel ima\n+00029fb0: 6765 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a ge, and set the.\n+00029fc0: 2020 2020 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 appropriate\n+00029fd0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 696e 2074 parameters in t\n+00029fe0: 6865 204c 696e 7578 2073 6574 7570 2061 he Linux setup a\n+00029ff0: 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 rea in memory. \n+0002a000: 5468 6973 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e This may. on\n+0002a010: 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 6674 6572 ly be used after\n+0002a020: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 the ...linux...\n+0002a030: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n+0002a040: 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 linux::) has bee\n+0002a050: 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 756e 2e20 2053 6565 n. run. 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Pare\n+0002a4c0: 6e74 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 2020 nt directory. \n+0002a4d0: 2020 7061 7468 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 paths will aut\n+0002a4e0: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2062 6520 6765 omatically be ge\n+0002a4f0: 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6173 206e 6565 6465 nerated as neede\n+0002a500: 642e 2020 5468 6973 2066 6972 7374 0a20 d. This first. \n+0002a510: 2020 2020 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 696e generated in\n+0002a520: 6974 7264 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2068 itrd will then h\n+0002a530: 6176 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 ave .../boot/ini\n+0002a540: 7472 642e 677a e280 9920 636f 6e63 6174 trd.gz... concat\n+0002a550: 656e 6174 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 enated. afte\n+0002a560: 7220 6974 2e20 204e 6578 742c 2061 6e6f r it. 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S\n+0002a6a0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6578 o. in the ex\n+0002a6b0: 616d 706c 6520 6162 6f76 652c 2074 6865 ample above, the\n+0002a6c0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2070 6174 6820 generated path \n+0002a6d0: e280 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 7769 6c6c .../init... will\n+0002a6e0: 206f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2061 6e79 0a20 overwrite any. \n+0002a6f0: 2020 2020 e280 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 .../init... \n+0002a700: 696e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 in .../boot/init\n+0002a710: 7264 2e67 7ae2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 rd.gz.... This \n+0002a720: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 can be useful wh\n+0002a730: 656e 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 650a en changing the.\n+0002a740: 2020 2020 206d 6169 6e20 696e 6974 7264 main initrd\n+0002a750: 2069 7320 756e 6465 7369 7261 626c 6520 is undesirable \n+0002a760: 6f72 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2e0a 0a1f or difficult....\n+0002a770: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002a780: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 , Node: initrd1\n+0002a790: 362c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 6, Next: linux,\n+0002a7a0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 Prev: initrd, \n+0002a7b0: 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d Up: Loader comm\n+0002a7c0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e33 2069 6e69 ands..17.2.3 ini\n+0002a7d0: 7472 6431 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d trd16.----------\n+0002a7e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002a7f0: 6e64 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2066 696c nd: initrd16 fil\n+0002a800: 6520 5b66 696c 6520 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 e [file ...]. \n+0002a810: 2020 4c6f 6164 2c20 696e 206f 7264 6572 Load, in order\n+0002a820: 2c20 616c 6c20 696e 6974 7264 7320 666f , all initrds fo\n+0002a830: 7220 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c r a Linux kernel\n+0002a840: 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6265 2062 6f6f image to be boo\n+0002a850: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 3136 2d62 ted. in 16-b\n+0002a860: 6974 206d 6f64 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 it mode, and set\n+0002a870: 2074 6865 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 the appropriate\n+0002a880: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 696e 2074 parameters in t\n+0002a890: 6865 204c 696e 7578 0a20 2020 2020 7365 he Linux. se\n+0002a8a0: 7475 7020 6172 6561 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f tup area in memo\n+0002a8b0: 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6f6e ry. This may on\n+0002a8c0: 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 6674 6572 ly be used after\n+0002a8d0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 the ...linux16.\n+0002a8e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ... command \n+0002a8f0: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a (*note linux16::\n+0002a900: 2920 6861 7320 6265 656e 2072 756e 2e20 ) has been run. \n+0002a910: 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 See also *note \n+0002a920: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 783a 3a0a 2020 2020 GNU/Linux::. \n+0002a930: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 20e2 8098 696e 6974 and the ...init\n+0002a940: 7264 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a rd... command (*\n+0002a950: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2066 note initrd::) f\n+0002a960: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 7320 or more details \n+0002a970: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 on. argument\n+0002a980: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f s... This co\n+0002a990: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 mmand is only av\n+0002a9a0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 ailable on the p\n+0002a9b0: 6320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 6f72 2078 c platform for x\n+0002a9c0: 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 86 systems.....F\n+0002a9d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002a9e0: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 204e Node: linux, N\n+0002a9f0: 6578 743a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 2050 ext: linux16, P\n+0002aa00: 7265 763a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 rev: initrd16, \n+0002aa10: 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 Up: Loader comma\n+0002aa20: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3420 6c69 6e75 nds..17.2.4 linu\n+0002aa30: 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a x.------------..\n+0002aa40: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 696e -- Command: lin\n+0002aa50: 7578 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 ux file .... \n+0002aa60: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 Load a Linux ke\n+0002aa70: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 rnel image from \n+0002aa80: 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 FILE. The rest \n+0002aa90: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 of the line is. \n+0002aaa0: 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 passed verba\n+0002aab0: 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 tim as the ...ke\n+0002aac0: 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e rnel command-lin\n+0002aad0: 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 2069 6e69 7472 e.... Any initr\n+0002aae0: 6420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 d must be. r\n+0002aaf0: 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 eloaded after us\n+0002ab00: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ing this command\n+0002ab10: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a (*note initrd::\n+0002ab20: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 7838 3620 )... On x86 \n+0002ab30: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2074 6865 206b 6572 systems, the ker\n+0002ab40: 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 626f 6f74 nel will be boot\n+0002ab50: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2033 322d ed using the 32-\n+0002ab60: 6269 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7072 bit boot. pr\n+0002ab70: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 otocol. Note th\n+0002ab80: 6174 2074 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 at this means th\n+0002ab90: 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 at the ...vga=..\n+0002aba0: 9920 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 . boot option wi\n+0002abb0: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 776f 726b ll. not work\n+0002abc0: 3b20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f ; if you want to\n+0002abd0: 2073 6574 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2076 set a special v\n+0002abe0: 6964 656f 206d 6f64 652c 2079 6f75 2077 ideo mode, you w\n+0002abf0: 696c 6c20 6e65 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 ill need to. \n+0002ac00: 2075 7365 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e use GRUB comman\n+0002ac10: 6473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 7365 ds such as ...se\n+0002ac20: 7420 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 3d31 3032 t gfxpayload=102\n+0002ac30: 3478 3736 38e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9873 4x768... or ...s\n+0002ac40: 6574 0a20 2020 2020 6766 7870 6179 6c6f et. gfxpaylo\n+0002ac50: 6164 3d6b 6565 70e2 8099 2028 746f 206b ad=keep... (to k\n+0002ac60: 6565 7020 7468 6520 7361 6d65 206d 6f64 eep the same mod\n+0002ac70: 6520 6173 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 e as used in GRU\n+0002ac80: 4229 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 B) instead.. \n+0002ac90: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 GRUB can automa\n+0002aca0: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 2073 tically detect s\n+0002acb0: 6f6d 6520 7573 6573 206f 6620 e280 9876 ome uses of ...v\n+0002acc0: 6761 3de2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 ga=... and trans\n+0002acd0: 6c61 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656d 2074 late. them t\n+0002ace0: 6f20 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7365 o appropriate se\n+0002acf0: 7474 696e 6773 206f 6620 e280 9867 6678 ttings of ...gfx\n+0002ad00: 7061 796c 6f61 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 payload.... The\n+0002ad10: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a20 ...linux16.... \n+0002ad20: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f command (*no\n+0002ad30: 7465 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2920 6176 te linux16::) av\n+0002ad40: 6f69 6473 2074 6869 7320 7265 7374 7269 oids this restri\n+0002ad50: 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ction.....File: \n+0002ad60: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002ad70: 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 4e65 7874 : linux16, Next\n+0002ad80: 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 : xen_hypervisor\n+0002ad90: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 , Prev: linux, \n+0002ada0: 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d Up: Loader comm\n+0002adb0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e35 206c 696e ands..17.2.5 lin\n+0002adc0: 7578 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ux16.-----------\n+0002add0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002ade0: 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 6669 6c65 202e : linux16 file .\n+0002adf0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c ... Load a L\n+0002ae00: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 inux kernel imag\n+0002ae10: 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 4520 696e 2031 e from FILE in 1\n+0002ae20: 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6865 6-bit mode. The\n+0002ae30: 2072 6573 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 rest of. th\n+0002ae40: 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 e line is passed\n+0002ae50: 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 verbatim as the\n+0002ae60: 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 ...kernel comma\n+0002ae70: 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 nd-line.... Any\n+0002ae80: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 206d 7573 . initrd mus\n+0002ae90: 7420 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 t be reloaded af\n+0002aea0: 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 ter using this c\n+0002aeb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ommand (*note. \n+0002aec0: 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2e0a initrd16::)..\n+0002aed0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c . The kernel\n+0002aee0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 will be booted \n+0002aef0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 7472 6164 6974 using the tradit\n+0002af00: 696f 6e61 6c20 3136 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f ional 16-bit boo\n+0002af10: 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e t. protocol.\n+0002af20: 2020 4173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2062 7970 As well as byp\n+0002af30: 6173 7369 6e67 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 assing problems \n+0002af40: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 with ...vga=... \n+0002af50: 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 696e 0a20 2020 described in. \n+0002af60: 2020 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a2c *note linux::,\n+0002af70: 2074 6869 7320 7065 726d 6974 7320 626f this permits bo\n+0002af80: 6f74 696e 6720 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 oting some other\n+0002af90: 2070 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 0a20 programs that. \n+0002afa0: 2020 2020 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 7468 implement th\n+0002afb0: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 626f 6f74 2070 726f e Linux boot pro\n+0002afc0: 746f 636f 6c20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7361 tocol for the sa\n+0002afd0: 6b65 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 ke of convenienc\n+0002afe0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f e... This co\n+0002aff0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 mmand is only av\n+0002b000: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2078 3836 2073 ailable on x86 s\n+0002b010: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ystems.....File:\n+0002b020: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002b030: 653a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f e: xen_hyperviso\n+0002b040: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f r, Next: xen_mo\n+0002b050: 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 696e dule, Prev: lin\n+0002b060: 7578 3136 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 ux16, Up: Loade\n+0002b070: 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 r commands..17.2\n+0002b080: 2e36 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f .6 xen_hyperviso\n+0002b090: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r.--------------\n+0002b0a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002b0b0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 mand: xen_hyperv\n+0002b0c0: 6973 6f72 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d isor file [argum\n+0002b0d0: 656e 7473 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c ents] .... L\n+0002b0e0: 6f61 6420 6120 5865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 oad a Xen hyperv\n+0002b0f0: 6973 6f72 2062 696e 6172 7920 6672 6f6d isor binary from\n+0002b100: 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 FILE. The rest\n+0002b110: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a of the line is.\n+0002b120: 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 passed verb\n+0002b130: 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b atim as the ...k\n+0002b140: 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 ernel command-li\n+0002b150: 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 6f74 6865 ne.... Any othe\n+0002b160: 7220 6269 6e61 7269 6573 0a20 2020 2020 r binaries. \n+0002b170: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 must be reloaded\n+0002b180: 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 after using thi\n+0002b190: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 5468 6973 s command. This\n+0002b1a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 command is only\n+0002b1b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 . available \n+0002b1c0: 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 2073 7973 7465 on AArch64 syste\n+0002b1d0: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n+0002b1e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2078 b.info, Node: x\n+0002b1f0: 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 en_module, Prev\n+0002b200: 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 : xen_hypervisor\n+0002b210: 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f , Up: Loader co\n+0002b220: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e37 2078 mmands..17.2.7 x\n+0002b230: 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d en_module.------\n+0002b240: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002b250: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f Command: xen_mo\n+0002b260: 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d dule [--nounzip]\n+0002b270: 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 file [arguments\n+0002b280: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f ]. Load a mo\n+0002b290: 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 dule for xen hyp\n+0002b2a0: 6572 7669 736f 7220 6174 2074 6865 2062 ervisor at the b\n+0002b2b0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 206f ooting process o\n+0002b2c0: 6620 7865 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 f xen.. The \n+0002b2d0: 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 rest of the line\n+0002b2e0: 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 is passed verba\n+0002b2f0: 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c tim as the modul\n+0002b300: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a e command line..\n+0002b310: 2020 2020 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f Modules sho\n+0002b320: 756c 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e uld be loaded in\n+0002b330: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f the following o\n+0002b340: 7264 6572 3a20 2d20 646f 6d30 206b 6572 rder: - dom0 ker\n+0002b350: 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 202d nel. image -\n+0002b360: 2064 6f6d 3020 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6966 dom0 ramdisk if\n+0002b370: 2070 7265 7365 6e74 202d 2058 534d 2070 present - XSM p\n+0002b380: 6f6c 6963 7920 6966 2070 7265 7365 6e74 olicy if present\n+0002b390: 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 This. comma\n+0002b3a0: 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c nd is only avail\n+0002b3b0: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 able on AArch64 \n+0002b3c0: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 systems.....File\n+0002b3d0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002b3e0: 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d de: General comm\n+0002b3f0: 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6d ands, Next: Com\n+0002b400: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0002b410: 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f61 6465 ds, Prev: Loade\n+0002b420: 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a r commands, Up:\n+0002b430: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3320 Commands..17.3 \n+0002b440: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 General commands\n+0002b450: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+0002b460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 ======..Commands\n+0002b470: 2075 7361 626c 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 usable anywhere\n+0002b480: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 in the menu and\n+0002b490: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d in the command-\n+0002b4a0: 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a line...* Menu:..\n+0002b4b0: 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * serial:: \n+0002b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002b4d0: 5365 7420 7570 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 Set up a serial \n+0002b4e0: 6465 7669 6365 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 device.* termina\n+0002b4f0: 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 l_input:: \n+0002b500: 2020 2020 2020 204d 616e 6167 6520 696e Manage in\n+0002b510: 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 730a 2a20 put terminals.* \n+0002b520: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a terminal_output:\n+0002b530: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 : Ma\n+0002b540: 6e61 6765 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d nage output term\n+0002b550: 696e 616c 730a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 666f inals.* terminfo\n+0002b560: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002b570: 2020 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2074 6572 Define ter\n+0002b580: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 0a0a 1f0a 4669 minal type....Fi\n+0002b590: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002b5a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 7269 616c 2c20 204e Node: serial, N\n+0002b5b0: 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e ext: terminal_in\n+0002b5c0: 7075 742c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 put, Up: Genera\n+0002b5d0: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 l commands..17.3\n+0002b5e0: 2e31 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .1 serial.------\n+0002b5f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002b600: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 7269 616c 205b 2d2d mand: serial [--\n+0002b610: 756e 6974 3d75 6e69 745d 205b 2d2d 706f unit=unit] [--po\n+0002b620: 7274 3d70 6f72 745d 205b 2d2d 7370 6565 rt=port] [--spee\n+0002b630: 643d 7370 6565 645d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 d=speed]. \n+0002b640: 2020 205b 2d2d 776f 7264 3d77 6f72 645d [--word=word]\n+0002b650: 205b 2d2d 7061 7269 7479 3d70 6172 6974 [--parity=parit\n+0002b660: 795d 205b 2d2d 7374 6f70 3d73 746f 705d y] [--stop=stop]\n+0002b670: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 . Initialize\n+0002b680: 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6465 7669 6365 a serial device\n+0002b690: 2e20 2055 4e49 5420 6973 2061 206e 756d . UNIT is a num\n+0002b6a0: 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 ber in the range\n+0002b6b0: 2030 2d33 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 0-3. specif\n+0002b6c0: 7969 6e67 2077 6869 6368 2073 6572 6961 ying which seria\n+0002b6d0: 6c20 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7573 653b 2064 l port to use; d\n+0002b6e0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 302c 2077 6869 efault is 0, whi\n+0002b6f0: 6368 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f ch. correspo\n+0002b700: 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6f72 7420 nds to the port \n+0002b710: 6f66 7465 6e20 6361 6c6c 6564 2043 4f4d often called COM\n+0002b720: 312e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 4f52 5420 6973 1... PORT is\n+0002b730: 2074 6865 2049 2f4f 2070 6f72 7420 7768 the I/O port wh\n+0002b740: 6572 6520 7468 6520 5541 5254 2069 7320 ere the UART is \n+0002b750: 746f 2062 6520 666f 756e 6420 6f72 2c20 to be found or, \n+0002b760: 6966 2070 7265 6669 7865 640a 2020 2020 if prefixed. \n+0002b770: 2077 6974 6820 e280 986d 6d69 6f2c e280 with ...mmio,..\n+0002b780: 992c 2074 6865 204d 4d49 4f20 6164 6472 ., the MMIO addr\n+0002b790: 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2055 4152 542e ess of the UART.\n+0002b7a0: 2049 6620 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6974 If specified it\n+0002b7b0: 2074 616b 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6563 takes. prec\n+0002b7c0: 6564 656e 6365 206f 7665 7220 554e 4954 edence over UNIT\n+0002b7d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e ... Addition\n+0002b7e0: 616c 6c79 2c20 616e 204d 4d49 4f20 6164 ally, an MMIO ad\n+0002b7f0: 6472 6573 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7566 dress can be suf\n+0002b800: 6669 7865 6420 7769 7468 3a0a 2020 2020 fixed with:. \n+0002b810: 2020 2020 e280 a220 e280 982e 62e2 8099 ... ....b...\n+0002b820: 2066 6f72 2062 7974 6573 2061 6363 6573 for bytes acces\n+0002b830: 7320 2864 6566 6175 6c74 290a 2020 2020 s (default). \n+0002b840: 2020 2020 e280 a220 e280 982e 77e2 8099 ... ....w...\n+0002b850: 2066 6f72 2031 362d 6269 7420 776f 7264 for 16-bit word\n+0002b860: 2061 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 access. \n+0002b870: e280 a220 e280 982e 6ce2 8099 2066 6f72 ... ....l... for\n+0002b880: 2033 322d 6269 7420 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 32-bit long wor\n+0002b890: 6420 6163 6365 7373 206f 720a 2020 2020 d access or. \n+0002b8a0: 2020 2020 e280 a220 e280 982e 71e2 8099 ... ....q...\n+0002b8b0: 2066 6f72 2036 342d 6269 7420 6c6f 6e67 for 64-bit long\n+0002b8c0: 206c 6f6e 6720 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 long word acces\n+0002b8d0: 730a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 504f s.. Also, PO\n+0002b8e0: 5254 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f66 2074 6865 RT can be of the\n+0002b8f0: 2066 6f72 6d20 e280 9870 6369 2c58 583a form ...pci,XX:\n+0002b900: 5858 2e58 e280 9920 746f 2069 6e64 6963 XX.X... to indic\n+0002b910: 6174 6520 6120 7365 7269 616c 0a20 2020 ate a serial. \n+0002b920: 2020 6465 7669 6365 2065 7870 6f73 6564 device exposed\n+0002b930: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 5043 4920 6275 732e on the PCI bus.\n+0002b940: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 5045 4544 2069 7320 .. SPEED is \n+0002b950: 7468 6520 7472 616e 736d 6973 7369 6f6e the transmission\n+0002b960: 2073 7065 6564 3b20 6465 6661 756c 7420 speed; default \n+0002b970: 6973 2039 3630 302e 2020 574f 5244 2061 is 9600. WORD a\n+0002b980: 6e64 2053 544f 500a 2020 2020 2061 7265 nd STOP. are\n+0002b990: 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2064 the number of d\n+0002b9a0: 6174 6120 6269 7473 2061 6e64 2073 746f ata bits and sto\n+0002b9b0: 7020 6269 7473 2e20 2044 6174 6120 6269 p bits. Data bi\n+0002b9c0: 7473 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e0a 2020 ts must be in. \n+0002b9d0: 2020 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2035 2d38 the range 5-8\n+0002b9e0: 2061 6e64 2073 746f 7020 6269 7473 206d and stop bits m\n+0002b9f0: 7573 7420 6265 2031 206f 7220 322e 2020 ust be 1 or 2. \n+0002ba00: 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2038 2064 6174 Default is 8 dat\n+0002ba10: 6120 6269 7473 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 a bits. and \n+0002ba20: 6f6e 6520 7374 6f70 2062 6974 2e20 2050 one stop bit. P\n+0002ba30: 4152 4954 5920 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 ARITY is one of \n+0002ba40: e280 986e 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 986f 6464 ...no..., ...odd\n+0002ba50: e280 992c 20e2 8098 6576 656e e280 9920 ..., ...even... \n+0002ba60: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 and. default\n+0002ba70: 7320 746f 20e2 8098 6e6f e280 992e 0a0a s to ...no......\n+0002ba80: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7061 7373 6564 206e If passed n\n+0002ba90: 6f20 554e 4954 206e 6f72 2050 4f52 542c o UNIT nor PORT,\n+0002baa0: 206f 7220 6966 2050 4f52 5420 6973 2073 or if PORT is s\n+0002bab0: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 et to ...auto...\n+0002bac0: 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 then GRUB. \n+0002bad0: 7769 6c6c 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 will attempt to \n+0002bae0: 7573 6520 4143 5049 2074 6f20 6175 746f use ACPI to auto\n+0002baf0: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 matically detect\n+0002bb00: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6465 6661 the system defa\n+0002bb10: 756c 740a 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 ult. serial \n+0002bb20: 706f 7274 2061 6e64 2069 7473 2063 6f6e port and its con\n+0002bb30: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 figuration. If \n+0002bb40: 7468 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e this information\n+0002bb50: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2061 7661 is not. ava\n+0002bb60: 696c 6162 6c65 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 ilable, it will \n+0002bb70: 6465 6661 756c 7420 746f 2055 4e49 5420 default to UNIT \n+0002bb80: 302e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 6572 0... The ser\n+0002bb90: 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 ial port is not \n+0002bba0: 7573 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f 6d6d 756e used as a commun\n+0002bbb0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6368 616e 6e65 6c20 ication channel \n+0002bbc0: 756e 6c65 7373 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 unless the. \n+0002bbd0: e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 ...terminal_inpu\n+0002bbe0: 74e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9874 6572 6d69 t... or ...termi\n+0002bbf0: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 9920 636f nal_output... co\n+0002bc00: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2075 7365 6420 282a mmand is used (*\n+0002bc10: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e note. termin\n+0002bc20: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 al_input::, *not\n+0002bc30: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 e terminal_outpu\n+0002bc40: 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 t::)... Note\n+0002bc50: 2c20 7661 6c69 6420 504f 5254 2076 616c , valid PORT val\n+0002bc60: 7565 732c 2065 7863 6c75 6469 6e67 2049 ues, excluding I\n+0002bc70: 4f20 706f 7274 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 O port addresses\n+0002bc80: 2c20 6361 6e20 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 , can be found. \n+0002bc90: 2020 2020 6279 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2074 by listing t\n+0002bca0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2077 6974 6820 e280 erminals with ..\n+0002bcb0: 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 .terminal_output\n+0002bcc0: e280 992c 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 2061 ..., selecting a\n+0002bcd0: 6c6c 206e 616d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7072 ll names. pr\n+0002bce0: 6566 6978 6564 2062 7920 e280 9873 6572 efixed by ...ser\n+0002bcf0: 6961 6c5f e280 9920 616e 6420 7265 6d6f ial_... and remo\n+0002bd00: 7669 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7072 6566 6978 ving that prefix\n+0002bd10: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4578 616d 706c 6573 ... Examples\n+0002bd20: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 :. seri\n+0002bd30: 616c 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 3078 3366 3820 al --port=0x3f8 \n+0002bd40: 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 2020 --speed=9600. \n+0002bd50: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d serial --\n+0002bd60: 706f 7274 3d6d 6d69 6f2c 6665 6662 3030 port=mmio,fefb00\n+0002bd70: 3030 2e6c 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d31 3135 00.l --speed=115\n+0002bd80: 3230 300a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 200. se\n+0002bd90: 7269 616c 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 7063 692c rial --port=pci,\n+0002bda0: 3030 3a31 362e 3320 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 00:16.3 --speed=\n+0002bdb0: 3131 3532 3030 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 115200.. See\n+0002bdc0: 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 7269 also *note Seri\n+0002bdd0: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a al terminal::...\n+0002bde0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002bdf0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e o, Node: termin\n+0002be00: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a al_input, Next:\n+0002be10: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n+0002be20: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6572 6961 6c2c , Prev: serial,\n+0002be30: 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f Up: General co\n+0002be40: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e32 2074 mmands..17.3.2 t\n+0002be50: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 740a 2d2d erminal_input.--\n+0002be60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002be70: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002be80: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 : terminal_input\n+0002be90: 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d [--append|--rem\n+0002bea0: 6f76 655d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 315d ove] [terminal1]\n+0002beb0: 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 325d 0a20 2020 [terminal2]. \n+0002bec0: 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 .... \n+0002bed0: 4c69 7374 206f 7220 7365 6c65 6374 2061 List or select a\n+0002bee0: 6e20 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c n input terminal\n+0002bef0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 ... With no \n+0002bf00: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 206c 6973 7420 arguments, list \n+0002bf10: 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2061 the active and a\n+0002bf20: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e70 7574 2074 vailable input t\n+0002bf30: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 erminals... \n+0002bf40: 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 With ...--append\n+0002bf50: e280 992c 2061 6464 2074 6865 206e 616d ..., add the nam\n+0002bf60: 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 ed terminals to \n+0002bf70: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 7469 the list of acti\n+0002bf80: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7075 7420 7465 ve. input te\n+0002bf90: 726d 696e 616c 733b 2061 6e79 206f 6620 rminals; any of \n+0002bfa0: 7468 6573 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 these may be use\n+0002bfb0: 6420 746f 2070 726f 7669 6465 2069 6e70 d to provide inp\n+0002bfc0: 7574 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 ut to GRUB... \n+0002bfd0: 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7265 6d6f With ...--remo\n+0002bfe0: 7665 e280 992c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 ve..., remove th\n+0002bff0: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c e named terminal\n+0002c000: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 s from the activ\n+0002c010: 6520 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 e list... Wi\n+0002c020: 7468 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 th no options bu\n+0002c030: 7420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d t a list of term\n+0002c040: 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 inal names, make\n+0002c050: 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 only the listed\n+0002c060: 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e . terminal n\n+0002c070: 616d 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a ames active.....\n+0002c080: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002c090: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c Node: terminal\n+0002c0a0: 5f6f 7574 7075 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 _output, Next: \n+0002c0b0: 7465 726d 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a terminfo, Prev:\n+0002c0c0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c terminal_input,\n+0002c0d0: 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f Up: General co\n+0002c0e0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e33 2074 mmands..17.3.3 t\n+0002c0f0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 0a2d erminal_output.-\n 0002c100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002c110: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002c120: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 7420 terminal_output \n-0002c130: 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 6d6f [--append|--remo\n-0002c140: 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 5d20 ve] [terminal1] \n-0002c150: 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 2020 [terminal2]. \n-0002c160: 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c .... L\n-0002c170: 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e ist or select an\n-0002c180: 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c output terminal\n-0002c190: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 ... With no \n-0002c1a0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 206c 6973 7420 arguments, list \n-0002c1b0: 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2061 the active and a\n-0002c1c0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7574 7075 7420 vailable output \n-0002c1d0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 terminals... \n-0002c1e0: 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d61 7070 656e With ...--appen\n-0002c1f0: 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 6e61 d..., add the na\n-0002c200: 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 746f med terminals to\n-0002c210: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6374 the list of act\n-0002c220: 6976 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 ive. output \n-0002c230: 7465 726d 696e 616c 733b 2061 6c6c 206f terminals; all o\n-0002c240: 6620 7468 6573 6520 7769 6c6c 2072 6563 f these will rec\n-0002c250: 6569 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d eive output from\n-0002c260: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 GRUB... Wit\n-0002c270: 6820 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 65e2 8099 h ...--remove...\n-0002c280: 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d , remove the nam\n-0002c290: 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 726f ed terminals fro\n-0002c2a0: 6d20 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 206c 6973 m the active lis\n-0002c2b0: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f t... With no\n-0002c2c0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2061 206c options but a l\n-0002c2d0: 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ist of terminal \n-0002c2e0: 6e61 6d65 732c 206d 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 names, make only\n-0002c2f0: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7465 640a 2020 2020 the listed. \n-0002c300: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 terminal names \n-0002c310: 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a active.....File:\n-0002c320: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002c330: 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 e: terminfo, Pr\n-0002c340: 6576 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 ev: terminal_out\n-0002c350: 7075 742c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 put, Up: Genera\n-0002c360: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 l commands..17.3\n-0002c370: 2e34 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d .4 terminfo.----\n-0002c380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002c390: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 726d 696e Command: termin\n-0002c3a0: 666f 205b 2d61 7c2d 757c 2d76 5d20 5b2d fo [-a|-u|-v] [-\n-0002c3b0: 6720 5778 485d 205b 7465 726d 5d20 5b74 g WxH] [term] [t\n-0002c3c0: 7970 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 ype]. Define\n-0002c3d0: 2074 6865 2063 6170 6162 696c 6974 6965 the capabilitie\n-0002c3e0: 7320 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e s of your termin\n-0002c3f0: 616c 2062 7920 6769 7669 6e67 2074 6865 al by giving the\n-0002c400: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 name of an. \n-0002c410: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7465 entry in the te\n-0002c420: 726d 696e 666f 2064 6174 6162 6173 652c rminfo database,\n-0002c430: 2077 6869 6368 2073 686f 756c 6420 636f which should co\n-0002c440: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 2072 6f75 6768 6c79 rrespond roughly\n-0002c450: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 20e2 8098 5445 to. a ...TE\n-0002c460: 524d e280 9920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e RM... environmen\n-0002c470: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 556e t variable in Un\n-0002c480: 6978 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6375 ix... The cu\n-0002c490: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c rrently availabl\n-0002c4a0: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 6573 e terminal types\n-0002c4b0: 2061 7265 20e2 8098 7674 3130 30e2 8099 are ...vt100...\n-0002c4c0: 2c20 e280 9876 7431 3030 2d63 6f6c 6f72 , ...vt100-color\n-0002c4d0: e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 6565 ...,. ...iee\n-0002c4e0: 6531 3237 35e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 e1275..., and ..\n-0002c4f0: 9864 756d 62e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 796f .dumb.... If yo\n-0002c500: 7520 6e65 6564 206f 7468 6572 2074 6572 u need other ter\n-0002c510: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 732c 2070 6c65 minal types, ple\n-0002c520: 6173 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 6374 ase. contact\n-0002c530: 2075 7320 746f 2064 6973 6375 7373 2074 us to discuss t\n-0002c540: 6865 2062 6573 7420 7761 7920 746f 2069 he best way to i\n-0002c550: 6e63 6c75 6465 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 nclude support f\n-0002c560: 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 or these in. \n-0002c570: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 GRUB... The\n-0002c580: 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d ...-a... (...--\n-0002c590: 6173 6369 69e2 8099 292c 20e2 8098 2d75 ascii...), ...-u\n-0002c5a0: e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 7574 6638 e280 ... (...--utf8..\n-0002c5b0: 9929 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 76e2 8099 .), and ...-v...\n-0002c5c0: 2028 e280 982d 2d76 6973 7561 6c2d 7574 (...--visual-ut\n-0002c5d0: 6638 e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 f8...). opti\n-0002c5e0: 6f6e 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 686f 7720 ons control how \n-0002c5f0: 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 7465 7874 2069 non-ASCII text i\n-0002c600: 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642e 2020 e280 s displayed. ..\n-0002c610: 982d 61e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 .-a... specifies\n-0002c620: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2d6f an. ASCII-o\n-0002c630: 6e6c 7920 7465 726d 696e 616c 3b20 e280 nly terminal; ..\n-0002c640: 982d 75e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 .-u... specifies\n-0002c650: 206c 6f67 6963 616c 6c79 2d6f 7264 6572 logically-order\n-0002c660: 6564 2055 5446 2d38 3b20 616e 640a 2020 ed UTF-8; and. \n-0002c670: 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 7370 6563 ...-v... spec\n-0002c680: 6966 6965 7320 2276 6973 7561 6c6c 792d ifies \"visually-\n-0002c690: 6f72 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d 3822 2028 ordered UTF-8\" (\n-0002c6a0: 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6473 2c20 in other words, \n-0002c6b0: 6172 7261 6e67 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7375 arranged. su\n-0002c6c0: 6368 2074 6861 7420 6120 7465 726d 696e ch that a termin\n-0002c6d0: 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 7769 7468 al emulator with\n-0002c6e0: 6f75 7420 6269 6469 7265 6374 696f 6e61 out bidirectiona\n-0002c6f0: 6c20 7465 7874 2073 7570 706f 7274 0a20 l text support. \n-0002c700: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 will display\n-0002c710: 2072 6967 6874 2d74 6f2d 6c65 6674 2074 right-to-left t\n-0002c720: 6578 7420 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f 7065 ext in the prope\n-0002c730: 7220 6f72 6465 723b 2074 6869 7320 6973 r order; this is\n-0002c740: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7265 616c 6c79 not. really\n-0002c750: 2070 726f 7065 7220 5554 462d 382c 2062 proper UTF-8, b\n-0002c760: 7574 2061 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6429 ut a workaround)\n-0002c770: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d ... The ...-\n-0002c780: 67e2 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d67 656f 6d65 g... (...--geome\n-0002c790: 7472 79e2 8099 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 try...) can be u\n-0002c7a0: 7365 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 sed to specify t\n-0002c7b0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 erminal geometry\n-0002c7c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6f70 ... If no op\n-0002c7d0: 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c tion or terminal\n-0002c7e0: 2074 7970 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 type is specifi\n-0002c7f0: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 ed, the current \n-0002c800: 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7479 terminal. ty\n-0002c810: 7065 2069 7320 7072 696e 7465 642e 0a0a pe is printed...\n-0002c820: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002c830: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e o, Node: Comman\n-0002c840: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c d-line commands,\n-0002c850: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 Next: Networki\n-0002c860: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 ng commands, Pr\n-0002c870: 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d ev: General comm\n-0002c880: 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ands, Up: Comma\n-0002c890: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3420 436f 6d6d 616e nds..17.4 Comman\n-0002c8a0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0002c8b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0002c8c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6573 ==========..Thes\n-0002c8d0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2075 e commands are u\n-0002c8e0: 7361 626c 6520 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d sable in the com\n-0002c8f0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 696e mand-line and in\n-0002c900: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 menu entries. \n-0002c910: 4966 0a79 6f75 2066 6f72 6765 7420 6120 If.you forget a \n-0002c920: 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2079 6f75 2063 616e command, you can\n-0002c930: 2072 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 run the command\n-0002c940: 20e2 8098 6865 6c70 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ...help... (*no\n-0002c950: 7465 2068 656c 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a2a 204d te help::)...* M\n-0002c960: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 5b3a 3a20 2020 2020 enu:..* [:: \n+0002c110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002c120: 6e64 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 nd: terminal_out\n+0002c130: 7075 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d put [--append|--\n+0002c140: 7265 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 remove] [termina\n+0002c150: 6c31 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a l1] [terminal2].\n+0002c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 .... \n+0002c170: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 List or selec\n+0002c180: 7420 616e 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d t an output term\n+0002c190: 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 inal... With\n+0002c1a0: 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 206c no arguments, l\n+0002c1b0: 6973 7420 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2061 ist the active a\n+0002c1c0: 6e64 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7574 nd available out\n+0002c1d0: 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a put terminals...\n+0002c1e0: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d61 With ...--a\n+0002c1f0: 7070 656e 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 6420 7468 ppend..., add th\n+0002c200: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c e named terminal\n+0002c210: 7320 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 s to the list of\n+0002c220: 2061 6374 6976 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 active. out\n+0002c230: 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 733b 2061 put terminals; a\n+0002c240: 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 7769 6c6c ll of these will\n+0002c250: 2072 6563 6569 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 receive output \n+0002c260: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 from GRUB... \n+0002c270: 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 With ...--remov\n+0002c280: 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 e..., remove the\n+0002c290: 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 named terminals\n+0002c2a0: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 from the active\n+0002c2b0: 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 list... Wit\n+0002c2c0: 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2062 7574 h no options but\n+0002c2d0: 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6572 6d69 a list of termi\n+0002c2e0: 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c 206d 616b 6520 nal names, make \n+0002c2f0: 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 206c 6973 7465 640a only the listed.\n+0002c300: 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 terminal na\n+0002c310: 6d65 7320 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 mes active.....F\n+0002c320: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002c330: 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c Node: terminfo,\n+0002c340: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c Prev: terminal\n+0002c350: 5f6f 7574 7075 742c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 _output, Up: Ge\n+0002c360: 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a neral commands..\n+0002c370: 3137 2e33 2e34 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f0a 17.3.4 terminfo.\n+0002c380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0002c390: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 . -- Command: te\n+0002c3a0: 726d 696e 666f 205b 2d61 7c2d 757c 2d76 rminfo [-a|-u|-v\n+0002c3b0: 5d20 5b2d 6720 5778 485d 205b 7465 726d ] [-g WxH] [term\n+0002c3c0: 5d20 5b74 7970 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4465 ] [type]. De\n+0002c3d0: 6669 6e65 2074 6865 2063 6170 6162 696c fine the capabil\n+0002c3e0: 6974 6965 7320 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7465 ities of your te\n+0002c3f0: 726d 696e 616c 2062 7920 6769 7669 6e67 rminal by giving\n+0002c400: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 6e0a the name of an.\n+0002c410: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6e20 7468 entry in th\n+0002c420: 6520 7465 726d 696e 666f 2064 6174 6162 e terminfo datab\n+0002c430: 6173 652c 2077 6869 6368 2073 686f 756c ase, which shoul\n+0002c440: 6420 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 2072 6f75 d correspond rou\n+0002c450: 6768 6c79 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 20e2 ghly to. a .\n+0002c460: 8098 5445 524d e280 9920 656e 7669 726f ..TERM... enviro\n+0002c470: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 nment variable i\n+0002c480: 6e20 556e 6978 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 n Unix... Th\n+0002c490: 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6176 6169 e currently avai\n+0002c4a0: 6c61 626c 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 lable terminal t\n+0002c4b0: 7970 6573 2061 7265 20e2 8098 7674 3130 ypes are ...vt10\n+0002c4c0: 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 9876 7431 3030 2d63 0..., ...vt100-c\n+0002c4d0: 6f6c 6f72 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 olor...,. ..\n+0002c4e0: 9869 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 2c20 616e .ieee1275..., an\n+0002c4f0: 6420 e280 9864 756d 62e2 8099 2e20 2049 d ...dumb.... I\n+0002c500: 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 206f 7468 6572 f you need other\n+0002c510: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 732c terminal types,\n+0002c520: 2070 6c65 6173 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e please. con\n+0002c530: 7461 6374 2075 7320 746f 2064 6973 6375 tact us to discu\n+0002c540: 7373 2074 6865 2062 6573 7420 7761 7920 ss the best way \n+0002c550: 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2073 7570 706f to include suppo\n+0002c560: 7274 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2069 6e0a rt for these in.\n+0002c570: 2020 2020 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 GRUB... \n+0002c580: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 9920 28e2 The ...-a... (.\n+0002c590: 8098 2d2d 6173 6369 69e2 8099 292c 20e2 ..--ascii...), .\n+0002c5a0: 8098 2d75 e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 7574 ..-u... (...--ut\n+0002c5b0: 6638 e280 9929 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d f8...), and ...-\n+0002c5c0: 76e2 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d76 6973 7561 v... (...--visua\n+0002c5d0: 6c2d 7574 6638 e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 l-utf8...). \n+0002c5e0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 options control \n+0002c5f0: 686f 7720 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 7465 how non-ASCII te\n+0002c600: 7874 2069 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642e xt is displayed.\n+0002c610: 2020 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 ...-a... speci\n+0002c620: 6669 6573 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2041 5343 fies an. ASC\n+0002c630: 4949 2d6f 6e6c 7920 7465 726d 696e 616c II-only terminal\n+0002c640: 3b20 e280 982d 75e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 ; ...-u... speci\n+0002c650: 6669 6573 206c 6f67 6963 616c 6c79 2d6f fies logically-o\n+0002c660: 7264 6572 6564 2055 5446 2d38 3b20 616e rdered UTF-8; an\n+0002c670: 640a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 d. ...-v... \n+0002c680: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 2276 6973 7561 specifies \"visua\n+0002c690: 6c6c 792d 6f72 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d lly-ordered UTF-\n+0002c6a0: 3822 2028 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 8\" (in other wor\n+0002c6b0: 6473 2c20 6172 7261 6e67 6564 0a20 2020 ds, arranged. \n+0002c6c0: 2020 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 6120 7465 such that a te\n+0002c6d0: 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 rminal emulator \n+0002c6e0: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6269 6469 7265 6374 without bidirect\n+0002c6f0: 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 7874 2073 7570 706f ional text suppo\n+0002c700: 7274 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 rt. will dis\n+0002c710: 706c 6179 2072 6967 6874 2d74 6f2d 6c65 play right-to-le\n+0002c720: 6674 2074 6578 7420 696e 2074 6865 2070 ft text in the p\n+0002c730: 726f 7065 7220 6f72 6465 723b 2074 6869 roper order; thi\n+0002c740: 7320 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7265 s is not. re\n+0002c750: 616c 6c79 2070 726f 7065 7220 5554 462d ally proper UTF-\n+0002c760: 382c 2062 7574 2061 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 8, but a workaro\n+0002c770: 756e 6429 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 und)... The \n+0002c780: e280 982d 67e2 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d67 ...-g... (...--g\n+0002c790: 656f 6d65 7472 79e2 8099 2920 6361 6e20 eometry...) can \n+0002c7a0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 be used to speci\n+0002c7b0: 6679 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6765 6f6d fy terminal geom\n+0002c7c0: 6574 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206e etry... If n\n+0002c7d0: 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 7465 726d o option or term\n+0002c7e0: 696e 616c 2074 7970 6520 6973 2073 7065 inal type is spe\n+0002c7f0: 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6375 7272 cified, the curr\n+0002c800: 656e 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a20 2020 ent terminal. \n+0002c810: 2020 7479 7065 2069 7320 7072 696e 7465 type is printe\n+0002c820: 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 d.....File: grub\n+0002c830: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .info, Node: Co\n+0002c840: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0002c850: 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7477 nds, Next: Netw\n+0002c860: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c orking commands,\n+0002c870: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 Prev: General \n+0002c880: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 commands, Up: C\n+0002c890: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3420 436f ommands..17.4 Co\n+0002c8a0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0002c8b0: 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nds.============\n+0002c8c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+0002c8d0: 5468 6573 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 These commands a\n+0002c8e0: 7265 2075 7361 626c 6520 696e 2074 6865 re usable in the\n+0002c8f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e command-line an\n+0002c900: 6420 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 d in menu entrie\n+0002c910: 732e 2020 4966 0a79 6f75 2066 6f72 6765 s. 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6520 to the firmware \n+0002d020: 7365 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 0a2a 2067 6462 setup menu.* gdb\n+0002d030: 696e 666f 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 info:: \n+0002d040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 7669 Provi\n+0002d050: 6465 2069 6e66 6f20 666f 7220 6465 6275 de info for debu\n+0002d060: 6767 696e 6720 7769 7468 2047 4442 0a2a gging with GDB.*\n+0002d070: 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 gettext:: \n+0002d080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n+0002d090: 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 2061 2073 7472 696e ranslate a strin\n+0002d0a0: 670a 2a20 6770 7473 796e 633a 3a20 2020 g.* gptsync:: \n+0002d0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d0c0: 2020 4669 6c6c 2061 6e20 4d42 5220 6261 Fill an MBR ba\n+0002d0d0: 7365 6420 6f6e 2047 5054 2065 6e74 7269 sed on GPT entri\n+0002d0e0: 6573 0a2a 2068 616c 743a 3a20 2020 2020 es.* halt:: \n+0002d0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d100: 2020 2053 6875 7420 646f 776e 2079 6f75 Shut down you\n+0002d110: 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 0a2a 2068 6173 r computer.* has\n+0002d120: 6873 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hsum:: \n+0002d130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 Compu\n+0002d140: 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 6861 7368 te or check hash\n+0002d150: 2063 6865 636b 7375 6d0a 2a20 6865 6c70 checksum.* help\n+0002d160: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002d170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5368 6f77 2068 Show h\n+0002d180: 656c 7020 6d65 7373 6167 6573 0a2a 2068 elp messages.* h\n+0002d190: 6578 6475 6d70 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 exdump:: \n+0002d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 686f Sho\n+0002d1b0: 7720 7261 7720 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f w raw contents o\n+0002d1c0: 6620 6120 6669 6c65 206f 7220 6d65 6d6f f a file or memo\n+0002d1d0: 7279 0a2a 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 ry.* insmod:: \n+0002d1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d1f0: 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 6120 6d6f 6475 Insert a modu\n+0002d200: 6c65 0a2a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 3a3a le.* 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6164 666f 6e74 3a3a 2020 2020 * loadfont:: \n+0002d310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d320: 4c6f 6164 2066 6f6e 7420 6669 6c65 730a Load font files.\n+0002d330: 2a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a3a 2020 2020 * loopback:: \n+0002d340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d350: 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6672 Make a device fr\n+0002d360: 6f6d 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 om a filesystem \n+0002d370: 696d 6167 650a 2a20 6c73 3a3a 2020 2020 image.* ls:: \n 0002d380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d390: 2020 4c69 7374 2064 6576 6963 6573 206f List devices o\n-0002d3a0: 7220 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 6c73 666f 6e74 r files.* lsfont\n-0002d3b0: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n-0002d3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 List loa\n-0002d3d0: 6465 6420 666f 6e74 730a 2a20 6c73 6d6f ded fonts.* lsmo\n-0002d3e0: 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d:: \n-0002d3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5368 6f77 206c Show l\n-0002d400: 6f61 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native disk d\n-0002d500: 7269 7665 7273 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a rivers.* normal:\n-0002d510: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d520: 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 206e 6f72 Enter nor\n-0002d530: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 mal mode.* norma\n-0002d540: 6c5f 6578 6974 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_exit:: \n-0002d550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 6672 Exit fr\n-0002d560: 6f6d 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a2a om normal mode.*\n-0002d570: 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 parttool:: \n-0002d580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d M\n-0002d590: 6f64 6966 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 odify partition \n-0002d5a0: 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2a20 table entries.* \n-0002d5b0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 password:: \n-0002d5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 Se\n-0002d5d0: 7420 6120 636c 6561 722d 7465 7874 2070 t a clear-text p\n-0002d5e0: 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2a20 7061 7373 776f assword.* passwo\n-0002d5f0: 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a 3a20 2020 2020 rd_pbkdf2:: \n-0002d600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 6861 Set a ha\n-0002d610: 7368 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2a20 shed password.* \n-0002d620: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a3a 2020 2020 plainmount:: \n-0002d630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4f70 Op\n-0002d640: 656e 2064 6576 6963 6520 656e 6372 7970 en device encryp\n-0002d650: 7465 6420 696e 2070 6c61 696e 206d 6f64 ted in plain mod\n-0002d660: 650a 2a20 706c 6179 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 e.* play:: \n+0002d390: 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2064 6576 6963 List devic\n+0002d3a0: 6573 206f 7220 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 6c73 es or files.* ls\n+0002d3b0: 666f 6e74 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 fonts:: \n+0002d3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n+0002d3d0: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 730a 2a20 loaded fonts.* \n+0002d3e0: 6c73 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lsmod:: \n+0002d3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5368 Sh\n+0002d400: 6f77 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 ow loaded 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2020 \n-0002d850: 5365 6172 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 Search devices b\n-0002d860: 7920 6669 6c65 2c20 6c61 6265 6c2c 206f y file, label, o\n-0002d870: 7220 5555 4944 0a2a 2073 656e 646b 6579 r UUID.* sendkey\n-0002d880: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2045 6d75 6c61 7465 206b Emulate k\n-0002d8a0: 6579 7374 726f 6b65 730a 2a20 7365 743a eystrokes.* set:\n-0002d8b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 616e Set an\n-0002d8d0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0002d8e0: 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a iable.* sha1sum:\n-0002d8f0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d900: 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 Compute or\n-0002d910: 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3120 6861 7368 check SHA1 hash\n-0002d920: 0a2a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a3a 2020 .* sha256sum:: \n-0002d930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d940: 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 Compute or chec\n-0002d950: 6b20 5348 4132 3536 2068 6173 680a 2a20 k SHA256 hash.* \n-0002d960: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 sha512sum:: \n-0002d970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f Co\n-0002d980: 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 mpute or check S\n-0002d990: 4841 3531 3220 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6c65 HA512 hash.* sle\n-0002d9a0: 6570 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ep:: \n-0002d9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6169 7420 Wait \n-0002d9c0: 666f 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 for a specified \n-0002d9d0: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 number of second\n-0002d9e0: 730a 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 3a3a 2020 2020 s.* smbios:: \n+0002d850: 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2064 6576 6963 Search devic\n+0002d860: 6573 2062 7920 6669 6c65 2c20 6c61 6265 es by file, labe\n+0002d870: 6c2c 206f 7220 5555 4944 0a2a 2073 656e l, or UUID.* sen\n+0002d880: 646b 6579 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dkey:: \n+0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6d75 6c61 Emula\n+0002d8a0: 7465 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 730a 2a20 te keystrokes.* \n+0002d8b0: 7365 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set:: \n+0002d8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 Se\n+0002d8d0: 7420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 t an environment\n+0002d8e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7368 6131 variable.* sha1\n+0002d8f0: 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum:: \n+0002d900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 Comput\n+0002d910: 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3120 e or check SHA1 \n+0002d920: 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d hash.* sha256sum\n+0002d930: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002d940: 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 Compute or \n+0002d950: 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4132 3536 2068 6173 check SHA256 has\n+0002d960: 680a 2a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d3a 3a20 h.* sha512sum:: \n+0002d970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d980: 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 Compute or che\n+0002d990: 636b 2053 4841 3531 3220 6861 7368 0a2a ck SHA512 hash.*\n+0002d9a0: 2073 6c65 6570 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 sleep:: \n+0002d9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 W\n+0002d9c0: 6169 7420 666f 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 ait for a specif\n+0002d9d0: 6965 6420 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 ied number of se\n+0002d9e0: 636f 6e64 730a 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 3a3a conds.* smbios::\n 0002d9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002da00: 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2053 4d42 494f Retrieve SMBIO\n-0002da10: 5320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 S information.* \n-0002da20: 736f 7572 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 source:: \n-0002da30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n-0002da40: 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ad a configurati\n-0002da50: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 696e 2073 616d 6520 on file in same \n-0002da60: 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2a20 7465 7374 3a3a context.* test::\n-0002da70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002da80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 6669 Check fi\n-0002da90: 6c65 2074 7970 6573 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d le types and com\n-0002daa0: 7061 7265 2076 616c 7565 730a 2a20 7472 pare values.* tr\n-0002dab0: 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue:: \n-0002dac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 206e Do n\n-0002dad0: 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 6573 7366 othing, successf\n-0002dae0: 756c 6c79 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 3a3a 2020 ully.* trust:: \n-0002daf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002db00: 2020 2020 2041 6464 2070 7562 6c69 6320 Add public \n-0002db10: 6b65 7920 746f 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 key to list of t\n-0002db20: 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 730a 2a20 756e rusted keys.* un\n-0002db30: 7365 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set:: \n-0002db40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 7365 Unse\n-0002db50: 7420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 t an environment\n-0002db60: 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7665 7269 variable.* veri\n-0002db70: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a20 2020 fy_detached:: \n-0002db80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7269 6679 Verify\n-0002db90: 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 6469 6769 7461 detached digita\n-0002dba0: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 650a 2a20 7669 l signature.* vi\n-0002dbb0: 6465 6f69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 deoinfo:: \n-0002dbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n-0002dbd0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f available video\n-0002dbe0: 206d 6f64 6573 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 3a3a modes.* wrmsr::\n-0002dbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002dc00: 2020 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 2076 616c Write val\n-0002dc10: 7565 7320 746f 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 ues to model-spe\n-0002dc20: 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 730a cific registers.\n-0002dc30: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002dc40: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 205b 2c20 204e fo, Node: [, N\n-0002dc50: 6578 743a 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 ext: acpi, Up: \n-0002dc60: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002dc70: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3120 5b0a mands..17.4.1 [.\n-0002dc80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002dc90: 6d6d 616e 643a 205b 2065 7870 7265 7373 mmand: [ express\n-0002dca0: 696f 6e20 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 ion ]. Alias\n-0002dcb0: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 7465 7374 2045 5850 for ...test EXP\n-0002dcc0: 5245 5353 494f 4ee2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 RESSION... (*not\n-0002dcd0: 6520 7465 7374 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e test::).....Fi\n-0002dce0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002dcf0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 204e 6578 Node: acpi, Nex\n-0002dd00: 743a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c t: authenticate,\n-0002dd10: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5b2c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: [, Up: \n-0002dd20: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002dd30: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3220 6163 mands..17.4.2 ac\n-0002dd40: 7069 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a pi.-----------..\n-0002dd50: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 6370 -- Command: acp\n-0002dd60: 6920 5b2d 317c 2d32 5d20 5b2d 2d65 7863 i [-1|-2] [--exc\n-0002dd70: 6c75 6465 3d74 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e 2e7c lude=table1,...|\n-0002dd80: 2d2d 6c6f 6164 2d6f 6e6c 793d 7461 626c --load-only=tabl\n-0002dd90: 6531 2c2e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e1,...]. \n-0002dda0: 2020 5b2d 2d6f 656d 6964 3d69 645d 205b [--oemid=id] [\n-0002ddb0: 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 3d74 6162 6c65 --oemtable=table\n-0002ddc0: 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 6572 6576 ] [--oemtablerev\n-0002ddd0: 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 =rev]. \n-0002dde0: 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 6563 7265 6174 [--oemtablecreat\n-0002ddf0: 6f72 3d63 7265 6174 6f72 5d20 5b2d 2d6f or=creator] [--o\n-0002de00: 656d 7461 626c 6563 7265 6174 6f72 7265 emtablecreatorre\n-0002de10: 763d 7265 765d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 v=rev]. \n-0002de20: 205b 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 615d 2066 696c [--no-ebda] fil\n-0002de30: 656e 616d 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204d ename .... M\n-0002de40: 6f64 6572 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 odern BIOS syste\n-0002de50: 6d73 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 696d 706c ms normally impl\n-0002de60: 656d 656e 7420 7468 6520 4164 7661 6e63 ement the Advanc\n-0002de70: 6564 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ed Configuration\n-0002de80: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 506f 7765 7220 . and Power \n-0002de90: 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 2841 4350 4929 Interface (ACPI)\n-0002dea0: 2c20 616e 6420 6465 6669 6e65 2076 6172 , and define var\n-0002deb0: 696f 7573 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7468 6174 ious tables that\n-0002dec0: 2064 6573 6372 6962 650a 2020 2020 2074 describe. t\n-0002ded0: 6865 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2062 6574 he interface bet\n-0002dee0: 7765 656e 2061 6e20 4143 5049 2d63 6f6d ween an ACPI-com\n-0002def0: 706c 6961 6e74 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 pliant operating\n-0002df00: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7468 650a system and the.\n-0002df10: 2020 2020 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 firmware. \n-0002df20: 496e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 732c 2074 In some cases, t\n-0002df30: 6865 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7072 6f76 6964 he tables provid\n-0002df40: 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6f6e ed by default on\n-0002df50: 6c79 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2077 656c ly work. wel\n-0002df60: 6c20 7769 7468 2063 6572 7461 696e 206f l with certain o\n-0002df70: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-0002df80: 2c20 616e 6420 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 , and it may be \n-0002df90: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 0a20 2020 necessary to. \n-0002dfa0: 2020 7265 706c 6163 6520 736f 6d65 206f replace some o\n-0002dfb0: 6620 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f f them... No\n-0002dfc0: 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d rmally, this com\n-0002dfd0: 6d61 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 7265 706c 6163 mand will replac\n-0002dfe0: 6520 7468 6520 526f 6f74 2053 7973 7465 e the Root Syste\n-0002dff0: 6d20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 m Description. \n-0002e000: 2020 2050 6f69 6e74 6572 2028 5253 4450 Pointer (RSDP\n-0002e010: 2920 696e 2074 6865 2045 7874 656e 6465 ) in the Extende\n-0002e020: 6420 4249 4f53 2044 6174 6120 4172 6561 d BIOS Data Area\n-0002e030: 2074 6f20 706f 696e 7420 746f 2074 6865 to point to the\n-0002e040: 206e 6577 0a20 2020 2020 7461 626c 6573 new. tables\n-0002e050: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e . If the ...--n\n-0002e060: 6f2d 6562 6461 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e o-ebda... option\n-0002e070: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6e65 is used, the ne\n-0002e080: 7720 7461 626c 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 w tables will be\n-0002e090: 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6f6e 6c79 . known only\n-0002e0a0: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 to GRUB, but ma\n-0002e0b0: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6279 2047 5255 y be used by GRU\n-0002e0c0: 4227 7320 4546 4920 656d 756c 6174 696f B's EFI emulatio\n-0002e0d0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 n... Note: T\n-0002e0e0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f he command is no\n-0002e0f0: 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c t allowed when l\n-0002e100: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 ockdown is enfor\n-0002e110: 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ced (*note. \n-0002e120: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 4f74 Lockdown::). Ot\n-0002e130: 6865 7277 6973 6520 616e 2061 7474 6163 herwise an attac\n-0002e140: 6b65 7220 6361 6e20 696e 7374 7275 6374 ker can instruct\n-0002e150: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 746f 206c 6f61 the GRUB to loa\n-0002e160: 640a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 5353 4454 2074 d. an SSDT t\n-0002e170: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6f76 6572 7772 6974 able to overwrit\n-0002e180: 6520 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206c 6f63 e the kernel loc\n-0002e190: 6b64 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 kdown configurat\n-0002e1a0: 696f 6e20 616e 640a 2020 2020 206c 6174 ion and. lat\n-0002e1b0: 6572 206c 6f61 6420 616e 6420 6578 6563 er load and exec\n-0002e1c0: 7574 6520 756e 7369 676e 6564 2063 6f64 ute unsigned cod\n-0002e1d0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-0002e1e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6175 .info, Node: au\n-0002e1f0: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 204e 6578 thenticate, Nex\n-0002e200: 743a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f t: background_co\n-0002e210: 6c6f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6163 7069 lor, Prev: acpi\n-0002e220: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002e230: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002e240: 2e34 2e33 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 .4.3 authenticat\n-0002e250: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n-0002e260: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002e270: 6e64 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 nd: authenticate\n-0002e280: 205b 7573 6572 6c69 7374 5d0a 2020 2020 [userlist]. \n-0002e290: 2043 6865 636b 2077 6865 7468 6572 2075 Check whether u\n-0002e2a0: 7365 7220 6973 2069 6e20 5553 4552 4c49 ser is in USERLI\n-0002e2b0: 5354 206f 7220 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 ST or listed in \n-0002e2c0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 the value of. \n-0002e2d0: 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 7375 variable ...su\n-0002e2e0: 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 992e 2020 5365 perusers.... Se\n-0002e2f0: 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 7065 7275 7365 e *note superuse\n-0002e300: 7273 3a3a 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 2075 rs:: for valid u\n-0002e310: 7365 7220 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 666f ser list. fo\n-0002e320: 726d 6174 2e20 2049 6620 e280 9873 7570 rmat. If ...sup\n-0002e330: 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2069 7320 656d erusers... is em\n-0002e340: 7074 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e pty, this comman\n-0002e350: 6420 7265 7475 726e 7320 7472 7565 2e0a d returns true..\n-0002e360: 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 *Note Secur\n-0002e370: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ity::.....File: \n-0002e380: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002e390: 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c : background_col\n-0002e3a0: 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6163 6b67 or, Next: backg\n-0002e3b0: 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 5072 round_image, Pr\n-0002e3c0: 6576 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 ev: authenticate\n-0002e3d0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002e3e0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002e3f0: 2e34 2e34 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f .4.4 background_\n-0002e400: 636f 6c6f 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d color.----------\n-0002e410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002e420: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 636b -- Command: back\n-0002e430: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2063 6f6c ground_color col\n-0002e440: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6261 636b or. Set back\n-0002e450: 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 ground color for\n-0002e460: 2061 6374 6976 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c active terminal\n-0002e470: 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 616c 6964 2063 6f6c . For valid col\n-0002e480: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6963 or. specific\n-0002e490: 6174 696f 6e73 2073 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 ations see *note\n-0002e4a0: 2043 6f6c 6f72 733a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 Colors: Theme f\n-0002e4b0: 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2042 6163 ile format. Bac\n-0002e4c0: 6b67 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c kground. col\n-0002e4d0: 6f72 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 or can be change\n-0002e4e0: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e d only when usin\n-0002e4f0: 6720 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 g ...gfxterm... \n-0002e500: 666f 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 for terminal out\n-0002e510: 7075 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 put... This \n-0002e520: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7473 2063 6f6c command sets col\n-0002e530: 6f72 206f 6620 656d 7074 7920 6172 6561 or of empty area\n-0002e540: 7320 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7465 7874 2e20 s without text. \n-0002e550: 2054 6578 740a 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b67 Text. backg\n-0002e560: 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 6973 2063 round color is c\n-0002e570: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2065 6e76 ontrolled by env\n-0002e580: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0002e590: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 434f 4c4f 525f 4e4f es. COLOR_NO\n-0002e5a0: 524d 414c 2c20 434f 4c4f 525f 4849 4748 RMAL, COLOR_HIGH\n-0002e5b0: 4c49 4748 542c 204d 454e 555f 434f 4c4f LIGHT, MENU_COLO\n-0002e5c0: 525f 4e4f 524d 414c 2c0a 2020 2020 204d R_NORMAL,. M\n-0002e5d0: 454e 555f 434f 4c4f 525f 4849 4748 4c49 ENU_COLOR_HIGHLI\n-0002e5e0: 4748 542e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5370 6563 GHT. *Note Spec\n-0002e5f0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-0002e600: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a variables::.....\n-0002e610: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002e620: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 Node: backgrou\n-0002e630: 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 204e 6578 743a nd_image, Next:\n-0002e640: 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 badram, Prev: \n-0002e650: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 background_color\n-0002e660: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002e670: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002e680: 2e34 2e35 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f .4.5 background_\n-0002e690: 696d 6167 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d image.----------\n-0002e6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002e6b0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 636b -- Command: back\n-0002e6c0: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 205b 5b2d ground_image [[-\n-0002e6d0: 2d6d 6f64 6520 7374 7265 7463 687c 6e6f -mode stretch|no\n-0002e6e0: 726d 616c 5d20 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 rmal] file]. \n-0002e6f0: 204c 6f61 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 Load background\n-0002e700: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2061 6374 6976 image for activ\n-0002e710: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2066 726f 6d20 e terminal from \n-0002e720: 4649 4c45 2e20 2049 6d61 6765 2069 730a FILE. Image is.\n-0002e730: 2020 2020 2073 7472 6574 6368 6564 2074 stretched t\n-0002e740: 6f20 6669 6c6c 2075 7020 656e 7469 7265 o fill up entire\n-0002e750: 2073 6372 6565 6e20 756e 6c65 7373 206f screen unless o\n-0002e760: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d6d 6f64 65e2 ption ...--mode.\n-0002e770: 8099 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 990a .. ...normal....\n-0002e780: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 is given. \n-0002e790: 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 Without argument\n-0002e7a0: 7320 7265 6d6f 7665 2063 7572 7265 6e74 s remove current\n-0002e7b0: 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6261 636b 6772 ly loaded backgr\n-0002e7c0: 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 652e ound. image.\n-0002e7d0: 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 Background ima\n-0002e7e0: 6765 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 ge can be change\n-0002e7f0: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e d only when usin\n-0002e800: 6720 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 990a g ...gfxterm....\n-0002e810: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 for termina\n-0002e820: 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c l output.....Fil\n-0002e830: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002e840: 6f64 653a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 4e65 ode: badram, Ne\n-0002e850: 7874 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 xt: blocklist, \n-0002e860: 5072 6576 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 Prev: background\n-0002e870: 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d _image, Up: Com\n-0002e880: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002e890: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 2062 6164 7261 ds..17.4.6 badra\n-0002e8a0: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a m.-------------.\n-0002e8b0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 . -- Command: ba\n-0002e8c0: 6472 616d 2061 6464 722c 6d61 736b 5b2c dram addr,mask[,\n-0002e8d0: 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 6b2e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 addr,mask...]. \n-0002e8e0: 2020 2046 696c 7465 7220 6f75 7420 6261 Filter out ba\n-0002e8f0: 6420 5241 4d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 d RAM... Thi\n-0002e900: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6e6f 7469 6669 s command notifi\n-0002e910: 6573 2074 6865 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 es the memory ma\n-0002e920: 6e61 6765 7220 7468 6174 2073 7065 6369 nager that speci\n-0002e930: 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e73 206f 660a fied regions of.\n-0002e940: 2020 2020 2052 414d 206f 7567 6874 2074 RAM ought t\n-0002e950: 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 6420 6f75 o be filtered ou\n-0002e960: 7420 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 6265 6361 t (usually, beca\n-0002e970: 7573 6520 7468 6579 2772 6520 6461 6d61 use they're dama\n-0002e980: 6765 6429 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ged).. This \n-0002e990: 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 6666 6563 remains in effec\n-0002e9a0: 7420 6166 7465 7220 6120 7061 796c 6f61 t after a payloa\n-0002e9b0: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2068 6173 2062 6565 d kernel has bee\n-0002e9c0: 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 n loaded by. \n-0002e9d0: 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 GRUB, as long a\n-0002e9e0: 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 206b 6572 s the loaded ker\n-0002e9f0: 6e65 6c20 6f62 7461 696e 7320 6974 7320 nel obtains its \n-0002ea00: 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2066 726f 6d0a memory map from.\n-0002ea10: 2020 2020 2047 5255 422e 2020 4b65 726e GRUB. Kern\n-0002ea20: 656c 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 els that support\n-0002ea30: 2074 6869 7320 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 this include Li\n-0002ea40: 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 nux, GNU Mach, t\n-0002ea50: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 206f he. kernel o\n-0002ea60: 6620 4672 6565 4253 4420 616e 6420 4d75 f FreeBSD and Mu\n-0002ea70: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 ltiboot kernels \n-0002ea80: 696e 2067 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 in general... \n-0002ea90: 2020 5379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 7468 6520 Syntax is the \n-0002eaa0: 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 same as provided\n-0002eab0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 4d65 6d74 6573 7438 by the Memtest8\n-0002eac0: 362b 2075 7469 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6+ utility. \n-0002ead0: 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 6d65 6d74 (http://www.memt\n-0002eae0: 6573 742e 6f72 672f 293a 2061 206c 6973 est.org/): a lis\n-0002eaf0: 7420 6f66 2061 6464 7265 7373 2f6d 6173 t of address/mas\n-0002eb00: 6b20 7061 6972 732e 2020 4769 7665 6e20 k pairs. Given \n-0002eb10: 610a 2020 2020 2070 6167 652d 616c 6967 a. page-alig\n-0002eb20: 6e65 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 ned address and \n-0002eb30: 6120 6261 7365 2061 6464 7265 7373 202f a base address /\n-0002eb40: 206d 6173 6b20 7061 6972 2c20 6966 2061 mask pair, if a\n-0002eb50: 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6269 7473 ll the. bits\n-0002eb60: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 of the page-ali\n-0002eb70: 676e 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2074 6861 gned address tha\n-0002eb80: 7420 6172 6520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 6279 t are enabled by\n-0002eb90: 2074 6865 206d 6173 6b20 6d61 7463 680a the mask match.\n-0002eba0: 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 with the ba\n-0002ebb0: 7365 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 206d se address, it m\n-0002ebc0: 6561 6e73 2074 6869 7320 7061 6765 2069 eans this page i\n-0002ebd0: 7320 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 s to be filtered\n-0002ebe0: 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2073 796e . This. syn\n-0002ebf0: 7461 7820 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 tax makes it eas\n-0002ec00: 7920 746f 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 2070 y to represent p\n-0002ec10: 6174 7465 726e 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 atterns that are\n-0002ec20: 206f 6674 656e 2072 6573 756c 7420 6f66 often result of\n-0002ec30: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6d6f 7279 2064 616d . memory dam\n-0002ec40: 6167 652c 2064 7565 2074 6f20 7068 7973 age, due to phys\n-0002ec50: 6963 616c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f ical distributio\n-0002ec60: 6e20 6f66 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6365 6c6c n of memory cell\n-0002ec70: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d s... The com\n-0002ec80: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 mand is similar \n-0002ec90: 746f 20e2 8098 6375 746d 656d e280 9920 to ...cutmem... \n-0002eca0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e command... N\n-0002ecb0: 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ote: The command\n-0002ecc0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 is not allowed \n-0002ecd0: 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 when lockdown is\n-0002ece0: 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 enforced (*note\n-0002ecf0: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a . Lockdown::\n-0002ed00: 292e 2020 5468 6973 2070 7265 7665 6e74 ). This prevent\n-0002ed10: 7320 7265 6d6f 7669 6e67 2045 4649 206d s removing EFI m\n-0002ed20: 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 746f emory regions to\n-0002ed30: 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c6c . potentiall\n-0002ed40: 7920 7375 6276 6572 7420 7468 6520 7365 y subvert the se\n-0002ed50: 6375 7269 7479 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d curity mechanism\n-0002ed60: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 s provided by th\n-0002ed70: 6520 5545 4649 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6375 e UEFI. secu\n-0002ed80: 7265 2062 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 re boot.....File\n-0002ed90: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002eda0: 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 de: blocklist, \n-0002edb0: 4e65 7874 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 Next: boot, Pre\n-0002edc0: 763a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 v: badram, Up: \n-0002edd0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002ede0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3720 626c mands..17.4.7 bl\n-0002edf0: 6f63 6b6c 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ocklist.--------\n-0002ee00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002ee10: 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 mmand: blocklist\n-0002ee20: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 file. Print\n-0002ee30: 2061 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 282a a block list (*\n-0002ee40: 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 note Block list \n-0002ee50: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 4649 syntax::) for FI\n-0002ee60: 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 LE.....File: gru\n-0002ee70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 b.info, Node: b\n-0002ee80: 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6361 742c oot, Next: cat,\n-0002ee90: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 Prev: blocklis\n-0002eea0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n-0002eeb0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0002eec0: 372e 342e 3820 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.8 boot.-----\n-0002eed0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002eee0: 616e 643a 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2042 and: boot. B\n-0002eef0: 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 4f53 206f 7220 6368 oot the OS or ch\n-0002ef00: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 2077 6869 6368 ain-loader which\n-0002ef10: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 has been loaded\n-0002ef20: 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6365 7373 6172 . Only necessar\n-0002ef30: 790a 2020 2020 2069 6620 7275 6e6e 696e y. if runnin\n-0002ef40: 6720 7468 6520 6675 6c6c 7920 696e 7465 g the fully inte\n-0002ef50: 7261 6374 6976 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d ractive command-\n-0002ef60: 6c69 6e65 2028 6974 2069 7320 696d 706c line (it is impl\n-0002ef70: 6963 6974 2061 740a 2020 2020 2074 6865 icit at. the\n-0002ef80: 2065 6e64 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 end of a menu e\n-0002ef90: 6e74 7279 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ntry).....File: \n-0002efa0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002efb0: 3a20 6361 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636c : cat, Next: cl\n-0002efc0: 6561 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 626f 6f74 ear, Prev: boot\n-0002efd0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002efe0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002eff0: 2e34 2e39 2063 6174 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.9 cat.-------\n-0002f000: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002f010: 3a20 6361 7420 5b2d 2d64 6f73 5d20 6669 : cat [--dos] fi\n-0002f020: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 le. Display \n-0002f030: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 the contents of \n-0002f040: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 452e 2020 the file FILE. \n-0002f050: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206d 6179 This command may\n-0002f060: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 be useful. \n-0002f070: 746f 2072 656d 696e 6420 796f 7520 6f66 to remind you of\n-0002f080: 2079 6f75 7220 4f53 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 your OS's root \n-0002f090: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 partition:.. \n-0002f0a0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6361 7420 grub> cat \n-0002f0b0: 2f65 7463 2f66 7374 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 /etc/fstab.. \n-0002f0c0: 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d64 6f73 If the ...--dos\n-0002f0d0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 ... option is us\n-0002f0e0: 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2063 6172 7269 6167 ed, then carriag\n-0002f0f0: 6520 7265 7475 726e 202f 206e 6577 206c e return / new l\n-0002f100: 696e 650a 2020 2020 2070 6169 7273 2077 ine. pairs w\n-0002f110: 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 ill be displayed\n-0002f120: 2061 7320 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 206e 6577 as a simple new\n-0002f130: 206c 696e 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 line. Otherwis\n-0002f140: 652c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6361 7272 e, the. carr\n-0002f150: 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7769 6c6c iage return will\n-0002f160: 2062 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6173 be displayed as\n-0002f170: 2061 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2063 6861 7261 a control chara\n-0002f180: 6374 6572 2028 e280 983c 643e e280 9929 cter (......)\n-0002f190: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 6974 to. make it\n-0002f1a0: 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 2073 6565 2077 easier to see w\n-0002f1b0: 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 2070 726f 626c 656d hen boot problem\n-0002f1c0: 7320 6172 6520 6361 7573 6564 2062 7920 s are caused by \n-0002f1d0: 6120 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 666f 726d a file. form\n-0002f1e0: 6174 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 444f 532d atted using DOS-\n-0002f1f0: 7374 796c 6520 6c69 6e65 2065 6e64 696e style line endin\n-0002f200: 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 gs... Note: \n-0002f210: e280 9863 6174 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 ...cat... can be\n-0002f220: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2076 6965 7720 7468 used to view th\n-0002f230: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6465 e contents of de\n-0002f240: 7669 6365 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a vices using the.\n-0002f250: 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 block list \n-0002f260: 7379 6e74 6178 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c syntax (*note Bl\n-0002f270: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a ock list syntax:\n-0002f280: 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6974 :). However, it\n-0002f290: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2061 6476 is not. adv\n-0002f2a0: 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7669 6577 2062 696e ised to view bin\n-0002f2b0: 6172 7920 6461 7461 2062 6563 6175 7365 ary data because\n-0002f2c0: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 it will try to \n-0002f2d0: 6465 636f 6465 2055 5446 2d38 0a20 2020 decode UTF-8. \n-0002f2e0: 2020 7374 7269 6e67 732c 2077 6869 6368 strings, which\n-0002f2f0: 2063 616e 206c 6561 6420 746f 2073 6f6d can lead to som\n-0002f300: 6520 6279 7465 7320 6d69 7373 696e 6720 e bytes missing \n-0002f310: 6f72 2061 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a or added in the.\n-0002f320: 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 496e output. In\n-0002f330: 7374 6561 642c 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 stead, use the .\n-0002f340: 8098 6865 7864 756d 70e2 8099 2063 6f6d ..hexdump... com\n-0002f350: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 7864 mand (*note hexd\n-0002f360: 756d 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ump::).....File:\n-0002f370: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002f380: 653a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: clear, Next:\n-0002f390: 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 2050 7265 cmosclean, Pre\n-0002f3a0: 763a 2063 6174 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d v: cat, Up: Com\n-0002f3b0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002f3c0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3020 636c 6561 ds..17.4.10 clea\n-0002f3d0: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a r.-------------.\n-0002f3e0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636c . -- Command: cl\n-0002f3f0: 6561 720a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 2074 ear. Clear t\n-0002f400: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 he screen.....Fi\n-0002f410: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002f420: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c Node: cmosclean,\n-0002f430: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 Next: cmosdump\n-0002f440: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 , Prev: clear, \n-0002f450: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002f460: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0002f470: 2e31 3120 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e0a 2d2d .11 cmosclean.--\n-0002f480: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0002f490: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d . -- Command: cm\n-0002f4a0: 6f73 636c 6561 6e20 6279 7465 3a62 6974 osclean byte:bit\n-0002f4b0: 0a20 2020 2020 436c 6561 7220 7661 6c75 . Clear valu\n-0002f4c0: 6520 6f66 2062 6974 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 e of bit in CMOS\n-0002f4d0: 2061 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2042 5954 at location BYT\n-0002f4e0: 453a 4249 542e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d E:BIT. This com\n-0002f4f0: 6d61 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 mand is. ava\n-0002f500: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 ilable only on p\n-0002f510: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 latforms that su\n-0002f520: 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 pport CMOS.....F\n-0002f530: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002f540: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c Node: cmosdump,\n-0002f550: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 Next: cmostest\n-0002f560: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 , Prev: cmoscle\n-0002f570: 616e 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 an, Up: Command\n-0002f580: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0002f590: 3137 2e34 2e31 3220 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 17.4.12 cmosdump\n-0002f5a0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0002f5b0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2044 756d 703a 2043 4d4f -.. -- Dump: CMO\n-0002f5c0: 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 S contents. \n-0002f5d0: 4475 6d70 2066 756c 6c20 434d 4f53 2063 Dump full CMOS c\n-0002f5e0: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6173 2068 6578 6164 ontents as hexad\n-0002f5f0: 6563 696d 616c 2076 616c 7565 732e 2020 ecimal values. \n-0002f600: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 730a This command is.\n-0002f610: 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f available o\n-0002f620: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 nly on platforms\n-0002f630: 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d that support CM\n-0002f640: 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 OS.....File: gru\n-0002f650: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-0002f660: 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 mostest, Next: \n-0002f670: 636d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 cmp, Prev: cmos\n-0002f680: 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 dump, Up: Comma\n-0002f690: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002f6a0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3320 636d 6f73 7465 ..17.4.13 cmoste\n-0002f6b0: 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d st.-------------\n-0002f6c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002f6d0: 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2062 7974 653a : cmostest byte:\n-0002f6e0: 6269 740a 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 7661 bit. Test va\n-0002f6f0: 6c75 6520 6f66 2062 6974 2069 6e20 434d lue of bit in CM\n-0002f700: 4f53 2061 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2042 OS at location B\n-0002f710: 5954 453a 4249 542e 2020 4578 6974 2073 YTE:BIT. Exit s\n-0002f720: 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7a65 tatus is. ze\n-0002f730: 726f 2069 6620 6269 7420 6973 2073 6574 ro if bit is set\n-0002f740: 2c20 6e6f 6e20 7a65 726f 206f 7468 6572 , non zero other\n-0002f750: 7769 7365 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d wise. This comm\n-0002f760: 616e 6420 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 and is available\n-0002f770: 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c . only on pl\n-0002f780: 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 atforms that sup\n-0002f790: 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 port CMOS.....Fi\n-0002f7a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002f7b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 702c 2020 4e65 7874 Node: cmp, Next\n-0002f7c0: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 : configfile, P\n-0002f7d0: 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 rev: cmostest, \n-0002f7e0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002f7f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002f800: 3134 2063 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 14 cmp.---------\n-0002f810: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002f820: 2063 6d70 205b 2d76 5d20 6669 6c65 3120 cmp [-v] file1 \n-0002f830: 6669 6c65 320a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7061 file2. Compa\n-0002f840: 7265 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 4649 4c45 re the file FILE\n-0002f850: 3120 7769 7468 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 1 with the file \n-0002f860: 4649 4c45 322e 2020 4966 2074 6865 7920 FILE2. If they \n-0002f870: 6172 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 6c79 0a20 are completely. \n-0002f880: 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 6361 6c2c 20e2 identical, .\n-0002f890: 8098 243f e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ..$?... will be \n-0002f8a0: 7365 7420 746f 2030 2e20 204f 7468 6572 set to 0. Other\n-0002f8b0: 7769 7365 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2066 696c wise, if the fil\n-0002f8c0: 6573 2061 7265 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 es are not. \n-0002f8d0: 6964 656e 7469 6361 6c2c 20e2 8098 243f identical, ...$?\n-0002f8e0: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 ... will be set \n-0002f8f0: 746f 2061 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f 2076 616c to a nonzero val\n-0002f900: 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 ue... By def\n-0002f910: 6175 6c74 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2077 696c ault nothing wil\n-0002f920: 6c20 6265 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 4966 l be output. If\n-0002f930: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 6973 the ...-v... is\n-0002f940: 2075 7365 642c 2076 6572 626f 7365 0a20 used, verbose. \n-0002f950: 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 2069 7320 656e 6162 mode is enab\n-0002f960: 6c65 642e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6d6f led. In this mo\n-0002f970: 6465 2077 6865 6e20 7768 656e 2074 6865 de when when the\n-0002f980: 2066 696c 6573 2064 6966 6665 7220 696e files differ in\n-0002f990: 2073 697a 652c 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e size,. prin\n-0002f9a0: 7420 7468 6520 7369 7a65 7320 6c69 6b65 t the sizes like\n-0002f9b0: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n-0002f9c0: 2020 4469 6666 6572 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 Differ in size\n-0002f9d0: 3a20 3078 3132 3334 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 : 0x1234 [foo], \n-0002f9e0: 3078 3433 3231 205b 6261 725d 0a0a 2020 0x4321 [bar].. \n-0002f9f0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 7369 7a65 7320 If the sizes \n-0002fa00: 6172 6520 6571 7561 6c20 6275 7420 7468 are equal but th\n-0002fa10: 6520 6279 7465 7320 6174 2061 6e20 6f66 e bytes at an of\n-0002fa20: 6673 6574 2064 6966 6665 722c 2074 6865 fset differ, the\n-0002fa30: 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 n. print the\n-0002fa40: 2062 7974 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 bytes like this\n-0002fa50: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6966 :.. Dif\n-0002fa60: 6665 7220 6174 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 fer at the offse\n-0002fa70: 7420 3737 373a 2030 7862 6520 5b66 6f6f t 777: 0xbe [foo\n-0002fa80: 5d2c 2030 7865 6620 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a1f ], 0xef [bar]...\n-0002fa90: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002faa0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 , Node: configf\n-0002fab0: 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6370 7569 ile, Next: cpui\n-0002fac0: 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 702c 2020 d, Prev: cmp, \n-0002fad0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002fae0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002faf0: 3135 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 650a 2d2d 15 configfile.--\n-0002fb00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002fb10: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n-0002fb20: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 onfigfile file. \n-0002fb30: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2046 494c 4520 6173 Load FILE as\n-0002fb40: 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a configuration\n-0002fb50: 2066 696c 652e 2020 4966 2046 494c 4520 file. If FILE \n-0002fb60: 6465 6669 6e65 7320 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 defines any menu\n-0002fb70: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 6965 732c 2074 . entries, t\n-0002fb80: 6865 6e20 7368 6f77 2061 206d 656e 7520 hen show a menu \n-0002fb90: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 containing them \n-0002fba0: 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 416e immediately. An\n-0002fbb0: 790a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 y. environme\n-0002fbc0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e nt variable chan\n-0002fbd0: 6765 7320 6d61 6465 2062 7920 7468 6520 ges made by the \n-0002fbe0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 commands in FILE\n-0002fbf0: 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2062 will not. b\n-0002fc00: 6520 7072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6166 7465 e preserved afte\n-0002fc10: 7220 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 r ...configfile.\n-0002fc20: 8099 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 .. returns.....F\n-0002fc30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002fc40: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 204e Node: cpuid, N\n-0002fc50: 6578 743a 2063 7263 2c20 2050 7265 763a ext: crc, Prev:\n-0002fc60: 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c 2020 5570 configfile, Up\n-0002fc70: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002fc80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3136 ommands..17.4.16\n-0002fc90: 2063 7075 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cpuid.---------\n-0002fca0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002fcb0: 643a 2063 7075 6964 205b 2d6c 5d20 5b2d d: cpuid [-l] [-\n-0002fcc0: 705d 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 666f p]. Check fo\n-0002fcd0: 7220 4350 5520 6665 6174 7572 6573 2e20 r CPU features. \n-0002fce0: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n-0002fcf0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 only available \n-0002fd00: 6f6e 2078 3836 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 on x86. syst\n-0002fd10: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 ems... With \n-0002fd20: 7468 6520 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-l... opt\n-0002fd30: 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 ion, return true\n-0002fd40: 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 7070 if the CPU supp\n-0002fd50: 6f72 7473 206c 6f6e 6720 6d6f 6465 0a20 orts long mode. \n-0002fd60: 2020 2020 2836 342d 6269 7429 2e0a 0a20 (64-bit)... \n-0002fd70: 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 With the ...\n-0002fd80: 2d70 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 -p... option, re\n-0002fd90: 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 turn true if the\n-0002fda0: 2043 5055 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 5068 CPU supports Ph\n-0002fdb0: 7973 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 4164 6472 ysical. Addr\n-0002fdc0: 6573 7320 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 2850 ess Extension (P\n-0002fdd0: 4145 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 696e AE)... If in\n-0002fde0: 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 voked without op\n-0002fdf0: 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d tions, this comm\n-0002fe00: 616e 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6265 and currently be\n-0002fe10: 6861 7665 7320 6173 2069 6620 6974 0a20 haves as if it. \n-0002fe20: 2020 2020 6861 6420 6265 656e 2069 6e76 had been inv\n-0002fe30: 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d 6ce2 oked with ...-l.\n-0002fe40: 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6368 ... This may ch\n-0002fe50: 616e 6765 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 ange in the futu\n-0002fe60: 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 re.....File: gru\n-0002fe70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-0002fe80: 7263 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7279 7074 rc, Next: crypt\n-0002fe90: 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 omount, Prev: c\n-0002fea0: 7075 6964 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 puid, Up: Comma\n-0002feb0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002fec0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3720 6372 630a 2d2d ..17.4.17 crc.--\n-0002fed0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002fee0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6372 6320 6172 6720 ommand: crc arg \n-0002fef0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 .... Alias f\n-0002ff00: 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d or ...hashsum --\n-0002ff10: 6861 7368 2063 7263 3332 2061 7267 202e hash crc32 arg .\n-0002ff20: 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d ...... See comm\n-0002ff30: 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 and ...hashsum..\n-0002ff40: 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 .. (*note ha\n-0002ff50: 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c shsum::) for ful\n-0002ff60: 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a l description...\n-0002ff70: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002ff80: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f o, Node: crypto\n-0002ff90: 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6375 mount, Next: cu\n-0002ffa0: 746d 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7263 tmem, Prev: crc\n-0002ffb0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002ffc0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002ffd0: 2e34 2e31 3820 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e .4.18 cryptomoun\n-0002ffe0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n-0002fff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00030000: 6e64 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 7420 nd: cryptomount \n-00030010: 5b20 5b2d 7020 7061 7373 776f 7264 5d20 [ [-p password] \n-00030020: 7c20 5b2d 6b20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 5b2d | [-k keyfile [-\n-00030030: 4f20 6b65 796f 6666 7365 745d 0a20 2020 O keyoffset]. \n-00030040: 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d53 206b 6579 7369 [-S keysi\n-00030050: 7a65 5d20 5d20 5d20 5b2d 4820 6669 6c65 ze] ] ] [-H file\n-00030060: 5d20 6465 7669 6365 7c2d 7520 7575 6964 ] device|-u uuid\n-00030070: 7c2d 617c 2d62 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7475 |-a|-b. Setu\n-00030080: 7020 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 656e 6372 p access to encr\n-00030090: 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2041 ypted device. A\n-000300a0: 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 7769 6c6c passphrase will\n-000300b0: 2062 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 640a 2020 be requested. \n-000300c0: 2020 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 6c79 interactively\n-000300d0: 2c20 6966 206e 6569 7468 6572 2074 6865 , if neither the\n-000300e0: 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6e6f 7220 e280 ...-p... nor ..\n-000300f0: 982d 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 .-k... options a\n-00030100: 7265 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 re given. The. \n-00030110: 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d70 option ...-p\n-00030120: e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ... can be used \n-00030130: 746f 2073 7570 706c 7920 6120 7061 7373 to supply a pass\n-00030140: 7068 7261 7365 2028 7573 6566 756c 2066 phrase (useful f\n-00030150: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7363 7269 7074 7329 or. scripts)\n-00030160: 2e20 2041 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 . Alternatively\n-00030170: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 9920 6f70 the ...-k... op\n-00030180: 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 tion can be used\n-00030190: 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2061 0a20 2020 to supply a. \n-000301a0: 2020 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7769 7468 206f keyfile with o\n-000301b0: 7074 696f 6e73 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 ptions ...-O... \n-000301c0: 616e 6420 e280 982d 53e2 8099 206f 7074 and ...-S... opt\n-000301d0: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7375 7070 6c79 696e ionally supplyin\n-000301e0: 6720 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 0a20 2020 g the offset. \n-000301f0: 2020 616e 6420 7369 7a65 2c20 7265 7370 and size, resp\n-00030200: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 6f66 2074 6865 ectively, of the\n-00030210: 206b 6579 2064 6174 6120 696e 2074 6865 key data in the\n-00030220: 2067 6976 656e 206b 6579 2066 696c 652e given key file.\n-00030230: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d48 The. ...-H\n-00030240: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6361 6e20 ... options can \n-00030250: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706c be used to suppl\n-00030260: 7920 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 7420 6261 y cryptomount ba\n-00030270: 636b 656e 6473 2077 6974 6820 616e 0a20 ckends with an. \n-00030280: 2020 2020 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 alternative \n-00030290: 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6520 2861 6b61 header file (aka\n-000302a0: 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 6865 6164 6572 detached header\n-000302b0: 292e 2020 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6261 636b ). Not all back\n-000302c0: 656e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 6861 7665 2068 ends. have h\n-000302d0: 6561 6465 7273 206e 6f72 2073 7570 706f eaders nor suppo\n-000302e0: 7274 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2068 rt alternative h\n-000302f0: 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 7320 2863 7572 eader files (cur\n-00030300: 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 rently only. \n-00030310: 204c 554b 5331 2061 6e64 204c 554b 5332 LUKS1 and LUKS2\n-00030320: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 6865 6d29 2e20 support them). \n-00030330: 2041 7267 756d 656e 7420 4445 5649 4345 Argument DEVICE\n-00030340: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 7370 6563 configures spec\n-00030350: 6966 6963 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2064 ific. grub d\n-00030360: 6576 6963 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d evice (*note Nam\n-00030370: 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a ing convention::\n-00030380: 293b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 75e2 ); option ...-u.\n-00030390: 8099 2055 5549 440a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e .. UUID. con\n-000303a0: 6669 6775 7265 7320 6465 7669 6365 2077 figures device w\n-000303b0: 6974 6820 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 5555 ith specified UU\n-000303c0: 4944 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d61 ID; option ...-a\n-000303d0: e280 9920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2061 ... configures a\n-000303e0: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7465 6374 6564 ll. detected\n-000303f0: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 encrypted devic\n-00030400: 6573 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d62 es; option ...-b\n-00030410: e280 9920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2061 ... configures a\n-00030420: 6c6c 2067 656c 690a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e ll geli. con\n-00030430: 7461 696e 6572 7320 7468 6174 2068 6176 tainers that hav\n-00030440: 6520 626f 6f74 2066 6c61 6720 7365 742e e boot flag set.\n-00030450: 0a0a 2020 2020 2044 6576 6963 6573 2061 .. Devices a\n-00030460: 7265 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2074 re not allowed t\n-00030470: 6f20 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 7320 6b65 o be given as ke\n-00030480: 7920 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7220 6173 2064 y files nor as d\n-00030490: 6574 6163 6865 640a 2020 2020 2068 6561 etached. hea\n-000304a0: 6465 7220 6669 6c65 732e 2020 486f 7765 der files. Howe\n-000304b0: 7665 722c 2074 6869 7320 6c69 6d69 7461 ver, this limita\n-000304c0: 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 776f 726b tion can be work\n-000304d0: 6564 2061 726f 756e 6420 6279 0a20 2020 ed around by. \n-000304e0: 2020 7573 696e 6720 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 using blocklis\n-000304f0: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2e20 2053 6f20 666f t syntax. So fo\n-00030500: 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 e280 9828 r instance, ...(\n-00030510: 6864 312c 6770 7432 29e2 8099 2063 616e hd1,gpt2)... can\n-00030520: 206e 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 2075 7365 not be. use\n-00030530: 642c 2062 7574 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c67 d, but ...(hd1,g\n-00030540: 7074 3229 302b e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2061 pt2)0+... will a\n-00030550: 6368 6965 7665 2074 6865 2064 6573 6972 chieve the desir\n-00030560: 6564 2072 6573 756c 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 ed result... \n-00030570: 2047 5255 4220 7375 706f 7274 7320 6465 GRUB suports de\n-00030580: 7669 6365 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 vices encrypted \n-00030590: 7573 696e 6720 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 using LUKS, LUKS\n-000305a0: 3220 616e 6420 6765 6c69 2e20 204e 6f74 2 and geli. Not\n-000305b0: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 6e65 6365 e. that nece\n-000305c0: 7373 6172 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 284c ssary modules (L\n-000305d0: 554b 532c 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2047 UKS, LUKS2 and G\n-000305e0: 454c 4929 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 6520 ELI) have to be \n-000305f0: 6c6f 6164 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 loaded. manu\n-00030600: 616c 6c79 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6973 ally before this\n-00030610: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 command can be \n-00030620: 7573 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 204c 554b 5332 used. For LUKS2\n-00030630: 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2050 only the. P\n-00030640: 424b 4446 3220 6b65 7920 6465 7269 7661 BKDF2 key deriva\n-00030650: 7469 6f6e 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 tion function is\n-00030660: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 6173 2041 supported, as A\n-00030670: 7267 6f6e 3220 6973 206e 6f74 2079 6574 rgon2 is not yet\n-00030680: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e . supported.\n-00030690: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7563 6365 7373 6675 .. Successfu\n-000306a0: 6c6c 7920 6465 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 lly decrypted di\n-000306b0: 736b 7320 6172 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 6173 sks are named as\n-000306c0: 2028 6372 7970 746f 5829 2061 6e64 2068 (cryptoX) and h\n-000306d0: 6176 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e63 7265 6173 ave. increas\n-000306e0: 696e 6720 6e75 6d65 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 ing numeration s\n-000306f0: 7566 6669 7820 666f 7220 6561 6368 206e uffix for each n\n-00030700: 6577 2064 6563 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 ew decrypted dis\n-00030710: 6b2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 k. If the. \n-00030720: 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 2068 encrypted disk h\n-00030730: 6f73 7473 2073 6f6d 6520 6869 6768 6572 osts some higher\n-00030740: 206c 6576 656c 206f 6620 6162 7374 7261 level of abstra\n-00030750: 6374 696f 6e20 286c 696b 6520 4c56 4d32 ction (like LVM2\n-00030760: 206f 720a 2020 2020 204d 4452 4149 4429 or. MDRAID)\n-00030770: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6372 6561 it will be crea\n-00030780: 7465 6420 756e 6465 7220 6120 7365 7061 ted under a sepa\n-00030790: 7261 7465 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 rate device name\n-000307a0: 7370 6163 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6164 space in. ad\n-000307b0: 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6372 dition to the cr\n-000307c0: 7970 746f 6469 736b 206e 616d 6573 7061 yptodisk namespa\n-000307d0: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 ce... Suppor\n-000307e0: 7420 666f 7220 706c 6169 6e20 656e 6372 t for plain encr\n-000307f0: 7970 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 6520 2870 6c61 yption mode (pla\n-00030800: 696e 2064 6d2d 6372 7970 7429 2069 7320 in dm-crypt) is \n-00030810: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2076 6961 0a20 2020 provided via. \n-00030820: 2020 7365 7061 7261 7465 20e2 8098 2a6e separate ...*n\n-00030830: 6f74 6520 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a3a ote plainmount::\n-00030840: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a ... command.....\n-00030850: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00030860: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2c20 Node: cutmem, \n-00030870: 204e 6578 743a 2064 6174 652c 2020 5072 Next: date, Pr\n-00030880: 6576 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c ev: cryptomount,\n-00030890: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-000308a0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-000308b0: 342e 3139 2063 7574 6d65 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 4.19 cutmem.----\n-000308c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-000308d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7574 6d65 6d20 Command: cutmem \n-000308e0: 6672 6f6d 5b4b 7c4d 7c47 5d20 746f 5b4b from[K|M|G] to[K\n-000308f0: 7c4d 7c47 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 |M|G]. Remov\n-00030900: 6520 616e 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 e any memory reg\n-00030910: 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 7370 6563 6966 6965 ions in specifie\n-00030920: 6420 7261 6e67 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 d range... T\n-00030930: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6e6f 7469 his command noti\n-00030940: 6669 6573 2074 6865 206d 656d 6f72 7920 fies the memory \n-00030950: 6d61 6e61 6765 7220 7468 6174 2073 7065 manager that spe\n-00030960: 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e73 206f cified regions o\n-00030970: 660a 2020 2020 2052 414d 206f 7567 6874 f. RAM ought\n-00030980: 2074 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 6420 to be filtered \n-00030990: 6f75 742e 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d 6169 out. This remai\n-000309a0: 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 6674 ns in effect aft\n-000309b0: 6572 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 796c 6f61 er a. payloa\n-000309c0: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2068 6173 2062 6565 d kernel has bee\n-000309d0: 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 n loaded by GRUB\n-000309e0: 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 , as long as the\n-000309f0: 206c 6f61 6465 640a 2020 2020 206b 6572 loaded. ker\n-00030a00: 6e65 6c20 6f62 7461 696e 7320 6974 7320 nel obtains its \n-00030a10: 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2066 726f 6d20 memory map from \n-00030a20: 4752 5542 2e20 4b65 726e 656c 7320 7468 GRUB. Kernels th\n-00030a30: 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 6869 730a at support this.\n-00030a40: 2020 2020 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 204c 696e include Lin\n-00030a50: 7578 2c20 474e 5520 4d61 6368 2c20 7468 ux, GNU Mach, th\n-00030a60: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4672 6565 e kernel of Free\n-00030a70: 4253 4420 616e 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f BSD and Multiboo\n-00030a80: 740a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 t. kernels i\n-00030a90: 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 n general... \n-00030aa0: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 The command is \n-00030ab0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 8098 6261 similar to ...ba\n-00030ac0: 6472 616d e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e dram... command.\n-00030ad0: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 .. Note: The\n-00030ae0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 command is not \n-00030af0: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 allowed when loc\n-00030b00: 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 kdown is enforce\n-00030b10: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f d (*note. Lo\n-00030b20: 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 ckdown::). This\n-00030b30: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7669 prevents removi\n-00030b40: 6e67 2045 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 ng EFI memory re\n-00030b50: 6769 6f6e 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 706f gions to. po\n-00030b60: 7465 6e74 6961 6c6c 7920 7375 6276 6572 tentially subver\n-00030b70: 7420 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 206d t the security m\n-00030b80: 6563 6861 6e69 736d 7320 7072 6f76 6964 echanisms provid\n-00030b90: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a20 ed by the UEFI. \n-00030ba0: 2020 2020 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 742e secure boot.\n-00030bb0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00030bc0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6461 7465 nfo, Node: date\n-00030bd0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6576 6963 6574 , Next: devicet\n-00030be0: 7265 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6375 746d ree, Prev: cutm\n-00030bf0: 656d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 em, Up: Command\n-00030c00: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00030c10: 3137 2e34 2e32 3020 6461 7465 0a2d 2d2d 17.4.20 date.---\n-00030c20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00030c30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6461 7465 205b 5b79 ommand: date [[y\n-00030c40: 6561 722d 5d6d 6f6e 7468 2d64 6179 5d20 ear-]month-day] \n-00030c50: 5b68 6f75 723a 6d69 6e75 7465 5b3a 7365 [hour:minute[:se\n-00030c60: 636f 6e64 5d5d 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 cond]]. With\n-00030c70: 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 no arguments, p\n-00030c80: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 rint the current\n-00030c90: 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 6d65 2e0a date and time..\n-00030ca0: 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c . Otherwise,\n-00030cb0: 2074 616b 6520 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e take the curren\n-00030cc0: 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 2074 696d 652c t date and time,\n-00030cd0: 2063 6861 6e67 6520 616e 7920 656c 656d change any elem\n-00030ce0: 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 ents. specif\n-00030cf0: 6965 6420 6173 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ied as arguments\n-00030d00: 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 7265 , and set the re\n-00030d10: 7375 6c74 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e65 7720 sult as the new \n-00030d20: 6461 7465 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7469 date and. ti\n-00030d30: 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 me. For example\n-00030d40: 2c20 2764 6174 6520 3031 2d30 3127 2077 , 'date 01-01' w\n-00030d50: 696c 6c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 ill set the curr\n-00030d60: 656e 7420 6d6f 6e74 6820 616e 6420 6461 ent month and da\n-00030d70: 790a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 4a61 6e75 6172 y. to Januar\n-00030d80: 7920 312c 2062 7574 206c 6561 7665 2074 y 1, but leave t\n-00030d90: 6865 2079 6561 722c 2068 6f75 722c 206d he year, hour, m\n-00030da0: 696e 7574 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6563 6f6e inute, and secon\n-00030db0: 640a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6861 6e67 6564 d. unchanged\n-00030dc0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00030dd0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6576 info, Node: dev\n-00030de0: 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 icetree, Next: \n-00030df0: 6469 7374 7275 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a distrust, Prev:\n-00030e00: 2064 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d date, Up: Comm\n-00030e10: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00030e20: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3231 2064 6576 6963 s..17.4.21 devic\n-00030e30: 6574 7265 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d etree.----------\n-00030e40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00030e50: 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 mmand: devicetre\n-00030e60: 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 e file. Load\n-00030e70: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 7472 6565 2062 a device tree b\n-00030e80: 6c6f 6220 282e 6474 6229 2066 726f 6d20 lob (.dtb) from \n-00030e90: 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 666f a filesystem, fo\n-00030ea0: 7220 6c61 7465 7220 7573 6520 6279 0a20 r later use by. \n-00030eb0: 2020 2020 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e a Linux kern\n-00030ec0: 656c 2e20 2044 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7065 el. Does not pe\n-00030ed0: 7266 6f72 6d20 6d65 7267 696e 6720 7769 rform merging wi\n-00030ee0: 7468 2061 6e79 2064 6576 6963 6520 7472 th any device tr\n-00030ef0: 6565 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6c69 6564 ee. supplied\n-00030f00: 2062 7920 6669 726d 7761 7265 2c20 6275 by firmware, bu\n-00030f10: 7420 7261 7468 6572 2072 6570 6c61 6365 t rather replace\n-00030f20: 7320 6974 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c 792e s it completely.\n-00030f30: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 .. Note: The\n-00030f40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 command is not \n-00030f50: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 allowed when loc\n-00030f60: 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 kdown is enforce\n-00030f70: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f d (*note. Lo\n-00030f80: 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 ckdown::). This\n-00030f90: 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 7072 6576 is done to prev\n-00030fa0: 656e 7420 7375 6276 6572 7469 6e67 2076 ent subverting v\n-00030fb0: 6172 696f 7573 2073 6563 7572 6974 790a arious security.\n-00030fc0: 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 732e mechanisms.\n-00030fd0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00030fe0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6469 7374 nfo, Node: dist\n-00030ff0: 7275 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 7269 rust, Next: dri\n-00031000: 7665 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 vemap, Prev: de\n-00031010: 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2055 703a 2043 vicetree, Up: C\n-00031020: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00031030: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3220 6469 ands..17.4.22 di\n-00031040: 7374 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d strust.---------\n-00031050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00031060: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 2070 mand: distrust p\n-00031070: 7562 6b65 795f 6964 0a20 2020 2020 5265 ubkey_id. Re\n-00031080: 6d6f 7665 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 move public key \n-00031090: 5055 424b 4559 5f49 4420 6672 6f6d 2047 PUBKEY_ID from G\n-000310a0: 5255 4227 7320 6b65 7972 696e 6720 6f66 RUB's keyring of\n-000310b0: 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 732e 0a20 trusted keys.. \n-000310c0: 2020 2020 5055 424b 4559 5f49 4420 6973 PUBKEY_ID is\n-000310d0: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 666f 7572 2062 the last four b\n-000310e0: 7974 6573 2028 6569 6768 7420 6865 7861 ytes (eight hexa\n-000310f0: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 2920 decimal digits) \n-00031100: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4750 4720 of the. GPG \n-00031110: 7634 206b 6579 2069 642c 2077 6869 6368 v4 key id, which\n-00031120: 2069 7320 616c 736f 2074 6865 206f 7574 is also the out\n-00031130: 7075 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 6c69 7374 5f74 put of ...list_t\n-00031140: 7275 7374 6564 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 rusted... (*note\n-00031150: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 . list_trust\n-00031160: 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 4f75 7473 6964 6520 ed::). Outside \n-00031170: 6f66 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 206b 6579 of GRUB, the key\n-00031180: 2069 6420 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6274 6169 id can be obtai\n-00031190: 6e65 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 ned using. .\n-000311a0: 8098 6770 6720 2d2d 6669 6e67 6572 7072 ..gpg --fingerpr\n-000311b0: 696e 74e2 8099 292e 2020 5468 6573 6520 int...). These \n-000311c0: 6b65 7973 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f keys are used to\n-000311d0: 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 7369 676e 6174 validate signat\n-000311e0: 7572 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e 2065 ures. when e\n-000311f0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00031200: 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 ble ...check_sig\n-00031210: 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 natures... is se\n-00031220: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 t to ...enforce.\n-00031230: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 ... (*note c\n-00031240: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a heck_signatures:\n-00031250: 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2073 6f6d 6520 :), and by some \n-00031260: 696e 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 invocations of. \n-00031270: 2020 2020 e280 9876 6572 6966 795f 6465 ...verify_de\n-00031280: 7461 6368 6564 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 tached... (*note\n-00031290: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n-000312a0: 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e ::). *Note Usin\n-000312b0: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 g digital. s\n-000312c0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 ignatures::, for\n-000312d0: 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more informatio\n-000312e0: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-000312f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6472 .info, Node: dr\n-00031300: 6976 656d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 ivemap, Next: e\n-00031310: 6368 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6469 7374 cho, Prev: dist\n-00031320: 7275 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 rust, Up: Comma\n-00031330: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00031340: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3320 6472 6976 656d ..17.4.23 drivem\n-00031350: 6170 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ap.-------------\n-00031360: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00031370: 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 6c7c 2d72 : drivemap -l|-r\n-00031380: 7c5b 2d73 5d20 6672 6f6d 5f64 7269 7665 |[-s] from_drive\n-00031390: 2074 6f5f 6472 6976 650a 2020 2020 2057 to_drive. W\n-000313a0: 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 ithout options, \n-000313b0: 6d61 7020 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 4652 map the drive FR\n-000313c0: 4f4d 5f44 5249 5645 2074 6f20 7468 6520 OM_DRIVE to the \n-000313d0: 6472 6976 6520 544f 5f44 5249 5645 2e0a drive TO_DRIVE..\n-000313e0: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6563 This is nec\n-000313f0: 6573 7361 7279 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 essary when you \n-00031400: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2073 6f6d 6520 chain-load some \n-00031410: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00031420: 732c 2073 7563 680a 2020 2020 2061 7320 s, such. as \n-00031430: 444f 532c 2069 6620 7375 6368 2061 6e20 DOS, if such an \n-00031440: 4f53 2072 6573 6964 6573 2061 7420 6120 OS resides at a \n-00031450: 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6472 6976 652e non-first drive.\n-00031460: 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 For. conve\n-00031470: 6e69 656e 6365 2c20 616e 7920 7061 7274 nience, any part\n-00031480: 6974 696f 6e20 7375 6666 6978 206f 6e20 ition suffix on \n-00031490: 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6973 2069 676e the drive is ign\n-000314a0: 6f72 6564 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 ored, so you. \n-000314b0: 2020 6361 6e20 7361 6665 6c79 2075 7365 can safely use\n-000314c0: 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2061 7320 6120 6472 ${root} as a dr\n-000314d0: 6976 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f ive specificatio\n-000314e0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 n... With th\n-000314f0: 6520 e280 982d 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-s... optio\n-00031500: 6e2c 2070 6572 666f 726d 2074 6865 2072 n, perform the r\n-00031510: 6576 6572 7365 206d 6170 7069 6e67 2061 everse mapping a\n-00031520: 7320 7765 6c6c 2c20 7377 6170 7069 6e67 s well, swapping\n-00031530: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7477 6f20 6472 . the two dr\n-00031540: 6976 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 ives... With\n-00031550: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 9920 6f70 the ...-l... op\n-00031560: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2063 tion, list the c\n-00031570: 7572 7265 6e74 206d 6170 7069 6e67 732e urrent mappings.\n-00031580: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 .. With the \n-00031590: e280 982d 72e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c ...-r... option,\n-000315a0: 2072 6573 6574 2061 6c6c 206d 6170 7069 reset all mappi\n-000315b0: 6e67 7320 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 ngs to the defau\n-000315c0: 6c74 2076 616c 7565 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 lt values... \n-000315d0: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 For example:.. \n-000315e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7269 7665 6d61 drivema\n-000315f0: 7020 2d73 2028 6864 3029 2028 6864 3129 p -s (hd0) (hd1)\n-00031600: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 4f54 453a 204f 6e6c .. NOTE: Onl\n-00031610: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2069 y available on i\n-00031620: 3338 362d 7063 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 386-pc.....File:\n-00031630: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00031640: 653a 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: echo, Next: \n-00031650: 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652c 2020 5072 efitextmode, Pr\n-00031660: 6576 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 2055 ev: drivemap, U\n-00031670: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00031680: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n-00031690: 3420 6563 686f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4 echo.---------\n-000316a0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-000316b0: 3a20 6563 686f 205b 2d6e 5d20 5b2d 655d : echo [-n] [-e]\n-000316c0: 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 string .... \n-000316d0: 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2072 6571 Display the req\n-000316e0: 7565 7374 6564 2074 6578 7420 616e 642c uested text and,\n-000316f0: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 6520 e280 982d unless the ...-\n-00031700: 6ee2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 n... option is u\n-00031710: 7365 642c 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7472 6169 sed, a. trai\n-00031720: 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 2020 ling new line. \n-00031730: 4966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 If there is more\n-00031740: 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 7374 7269 6e67 than one string\n-00031750: 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 , they are. \n-00031760: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 separated by spa\n-00031770: 6365 7320 696e 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 ces in the outpu\n-00031780: 742e 2020 4173 2075 7375 616c 2069 6e20 t. As usual in \n-00031790: 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 0a20 GRUB commands,. \n-000317a0: 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6d61 variables ma\n-000317b0: 7920 6265 2073 7562 7374 6974 7574 6564 y be substituted\n-000317c0: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 247b 7661 727d using ...${var}\n-000317d0: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 ...... The .\n-000317e0: 8098 2d65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2065 ..-e... option e\n-000317f0: 6e61 626c 6573 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 nables interpret\n-00031800: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 ation of backsla\n-00031810: 7368 2065 7363 6170 6573 2e20 2054 6865 sh escapes. The\n-00031820: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 . following \n-00031830: 7365 7175 656e 6365 7320 6172 6520 7265 sequences are re\n-00031840: 636f 676e 6973 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 cognised:.. \n-00031850: e280 985c 5ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ...\\\\.... \n-00031860: 2020 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 0a0a 2020 backslash.. \n-00031870: 2020 20e2 8098 5c61 e280 990a 2020 2020 ...\\a.... \n-00031880: 2020 2020 2020 616c 6572 7420 2842 454c alert (BEL\n-00031890: 290a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 63e2 8099 ).. ...\\c...\n-000318a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7570 7072 . suppr\n-000318b0: 6573 7320 7472 6169 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 ess trailing new\n-000318c0: 206c 696e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c line.. ...\\\n-000318d0: 66e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 f.... f\n-000318e0: 6f72 6d20 6665 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 orm feed.. .\n-000318f0: 8098 5c6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..\\n.... \n-00031900: 2020 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 new line.. \n-00031910: 20e2 8098 5c72 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ...\\r.... \n-00031920: 2020 2020 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 carriage ret\n-00031930: 7572 6e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 74e2 urn.. ...\\t.\n-00031940: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6f72 ... hor\n-00031950: 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 2020 izontal tab.. \n-00031960: 2020 e280 985c 76e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ...\\v.... \n-00031970: 2020 2020 2076 6572 7469 6361 6c20 7461 vertical ta\n-00031980: 620a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2069 6e74 b.. When int\n-00031990: 6572 7072 6574 696e 6720 6261 636b 736c erpreting backsl\n-000319a0: 6173 6820 6573 6361 7065 732c 2062 6163 ash escapes, bac\n-000319b0: 6b73 6c61 7368 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 kslash followed \n-000319c0: 6279 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 by any. othe\n-000319d0: 7220 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 7769 6c6c r character will\n-000319e0: 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6368 6172 print that char\n-000319f0: 6163 7465 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 acter.....File: \n-00031a00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00031a10: 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652c 2020 : efitextmode, \n-00031a20: 4e65 7874 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 2050 7265 Next: eval, Pre\n-00031a30: 763a 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: echo, Up: Co\n-00031a40: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00031a50: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3235 2065 6669 nds..17.4.25 efi\n-00031a60: 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d textmode.-------\n-00031a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00031a80: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 6669 7465 - Command: efite\n-00031a90: 7874 6d6f 6465 205b 6d69 6e20 7c20 6d61 xtmode [min | ma\n-00031aa0: 7820 7c20 3c6d 6f64 655f 6e75 6d3e 207c x | |\n-00031ab0: 203c 636f 6c73 3e20 3c72 6f77 733e 5d0a ].\n-00031ac0: 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 6564 2077 When used w\n-00031ad0: 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ith no arguments\n-00031ae0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 616c 6c20 6176 displays all av\n-00031af0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7465 7874 206f 7574 ailable text out\n-00031b00: 7075 740a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 put. modes. \n-00031b10: 2054 6865 2073 6574 206d 6f64 6520 6465 The set mode de\n-00031b20: 7465 726d 696e 6573 2074 6865 2063 6f6c termines the col\n-00031b30: 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 umns and rows of\n-00031b40: 2074 6865 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 2064 the text. d\n-00031b50: 6973 706c 6179 2077 6865 6e20 696e 2074 isplay when in t\n-00031b60: 6578 7420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2041 6e20 6173 ext mode. An as\n-00031b70: 7465 7269 736b 2c20 e280 982a e280 992c terisk, ...*...,\n-00031b80: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 7420 7468 6520 will be at the \n-00031b90: 656e 6420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 end of. the \n-00031ba0: 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7272 line of the curr\n-00031bb0: 656e 746c 7920 7365 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a ently set mode..\n-00031bc0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 6976 656e 2061 . If given a\n-00031bd0: 2073 696e 676c 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 single paramete\n-00031be0: 722c 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 e280 r, it must be ..\n-00031bf0: 986d 696e e280 992c 20e2 8098 6d61 78e2 .min..., ...max.\n-00031c00: 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 650a 2020 .., or a mode. \n-00031c10: 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 6769 7665 6e20 number given \n-00031c20: 6279 2074 6865 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2077 by the listing w\n-00031c30: 6865 6e20 7275 6e20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 hen run with no \n-00031c40: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732e 2020 5468 6573 arguments. Thes\n-00031c50: 650a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 e. arguments\n-00031c60: 2073 6574 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 746f set the mode to\n-00031c70: 2074 6865 206d 696e 696d 756d 2c20 6d61 the minimum, ma\n-00031c80: 7869 6d75 6d2c 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 ximum, and parti\n-00031c90: 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 cular mode. \n-00031ca0: 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a20 respectively... \n-00031cb0: 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 Otherwise, t\n-00031cc0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206d 7573 7420 he command must \n-00031cd0: 6265 2067 6976 656e 2074 776f 206e 756d be given two num\n-00031ce0: 6572 6963 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 erical arguments\n-00031cf0: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 . specifying\n-00031d00: 2074 6865 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 the columns and\n-00031d10: 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6573 rows of the des\n-00031d20: 6972 6564 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5370 6563 ired mode. Spec\n-00031d30: 6966 7969 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 636f ifying a. co\n-00031d40: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 2063 lumns and rows c\n-00031d50: 6f6d 6269 6e61 7469 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 ombination that \n-00031d60: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 206e corresponds to n\n-00031d70: 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 o supported mode\n-00031d80: 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7265 7475 ,. will retu\n-00031d90: 726e 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 6275 7420 6f74 rn error, but ot\n-00031da0: 6865 7277 6973 6520 6861 7665 206e 6f20 herwise have no \n-00031db0: 6566 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 effect... By\n-00031dc0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2047 5255 4220 7769 default GRUB wi\n-00031dd0: 6c6c 2073 7461 7274 2069 6e20 7768 6174 ll start in what\n-00031de0: 6576 6572 206d 6f64 6520 7468 6520 4546 ever mode the EF\n-00031df0: 4920 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 I firmware. \n-00031e00: 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f2e 2020 5468 defaults to. Th\n-00031e10: 6572 6520 6172 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 ere are firmware\n-00031e20: 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2073 6574 2075 s known to set u\n-00031e30: 7020 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d6f p the default mo\n-00031e40: 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 2074 6861 de. such tha\n-00031e50: 7420 6f75 7470 7574 2062 6568 6176 6573 t output behaves\n-00031e60: 2073 7472 616e 6765 6c79 2c20 666f 7220 strangely, for \n-00031e70: 6578 616d 706c 6520 7468 6520 6375 7273 example the curs\n-00031e80: 6f72 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2047 or in the. G\n-00031e90: 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 6e65 7665 7220 RUB shell never \n-00031ea0: 7265 6163 6865 7320 7468 6520 626f 7474 reaches the bott\n-00031eb0: 6f6d 206f 6620 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e om of the screen\n-00031ec0: 206f 722c 2077 6865 6e20 7479 7069 6e67 or, when typing\n-00031ed0: 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 . characters\n-00031ee0: 2061 7420 7468 6520 7072 6f6d 7074 2c20 at the prompt, \n-00031ef0: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2066 726f 6d20 characters from \n-00031f00: 7072 6576 696f 7573 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 previous command\n-00031f10: 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 2061 7265 output. are\n-00031f20: 206f 7665 7277 7269 7474 656e 2e20 2053 overwritten. S\n-00031f30: 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 etting the mode \n-00031f40: 6d61 7920 6669 7820 7468 6973 2e0a 0a20 may fix this... \n-00031f50: 2020 2020 5468 6520 4546 4920 7370 6563 The EFI spec\n-00031f60: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7361 7973 2074 ification says t\n-00031f70: 6861 7420 6d6f 6465 2030 206d 7573 7420 hat mode 0 must \n-00031f80: 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 be available and\n-00031f90: 2068 6176 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 756d have. colum\n-00031fa0: 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2038 ns and rows of 8\n-00031fb0: 3020 616e 6420 3235 2072 6573 7065 6374 0 and 25 respect\n-00031fc0: 6976 656c 792e 2020 4d6f 6465 2031 206d ively. Mode 1 m\n-00031fd0: 6179 2062 6520 6465 6669 6e65 640a 2020 ay be defined. \n-00031fe0: 2020 2061 6e64 2069 6620 736f 206d 7573 and if so mus\n-00031ff0: 7420 6861 7665 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 t have columns a\n-00032000: 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2038 3020 616e nd rows of 80 an\n-00032010: 6420 3530 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c d 50 respectivel\n-00032020: 792e 0a20 2020 2020 416e 7920 6f74 6865 y.. Any othe\n-00032030: 7220 6d6f 6465 7320 6d61 7920 6861 7665 r modes may have\n-00032040: 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 columns and row\n-00032050: 7320 6172 6269 7472 6172 696c 7920 6465 s arbitrarily de\n-00032060: 6669 6e65 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7468 fined by. th\n-00032070: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2054 6869 e firmware. Thi\n-00032080: 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2061 206d s means that a m\n-00032090: 6f64 6520 7769 7468 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 ode with columns\n-000320a0: 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2031 3030 and rows of 100\n-000320b0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 3331 206f 6e20 . and 31 on \n-000320c0: 6f6e 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 206d 6179 one firmware may\n-000320d0: 2062 6520 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 be a different \n-000320e0: 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f6e 2061 mode number on a\n-000320f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 . different \n-00032100: 6669 726d 7761 7265 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 firmware or not \n-00032110: 6578 6973 7420 6174 2061 6c6c 2e20 204c exist at all. L\n-00032120: 696b 6577 6973 652c 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 ikewise, mode nu\n-00032130: 6d62 6572 2032 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f mber 2 on. o\n-00032140: 6e65 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6d61 7920 ne firmware may \n-00032150: 6861 7665 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 have a different\n-00032160: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 756d number of colum\n-00032170: 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 7468 616e ns and rows than\n-00032180: 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 2032 206f 6e20 . mode 2 on \n-00032190: 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6669 726d a different firm\n-000321a0: 7761 7265 2e20 2053 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 ware. So one sh\n-000321b0: 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2072 656c 7920 6f6e ould not rely on\n-000321c0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6963 756c a. particul\n-000321d0: 6172 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f ar mode number o\n-000321e0: 7220 6120 6d6f 6465 206f 6620 6120 6365 r a mode of a ce\n-000321f0: 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 rtain number of \n-00032200: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 640a 2020 2020 columns and. \n-00032210: 2072 6f77 7320 6578 6973 7469 6e67 206f rows existing o\n-00032220: 6e20 616c 6c20 6669 726d 7761 7265 732c n all firmwares,\n-00032230: 2065 7863 6570 7420 666f 7220 6d6f 6465 except for mode\n-00032240: 2030 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 0... Note: \n-00032250: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n-00032260: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f only available o\n-00032270: 6e20 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 n EFI platforms \n-00032280: 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7369 6d69 and is. simi\n-00032290: 6c61 7220 746f 2045 4649 2073 6865 6c6c lar to EFI shell\n-000322a0: 2022 6d6f 6465 2220 636f 6d6d 616e 642e \"mode\" command.\n-000322b0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000322c0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6576 616c nfo, Node: eval\n-000322d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 7870 6f72 742c , Next: export,\n-000322e0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d Prev: efitextm\n-000322f0: 6f64 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ode, Up: Comman\n-00032300: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00032310: 0a31 372e 342e 3236 2065 7661 6c0a 2d2d .17.4.26 eval.--\n-00032320: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00032330: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 7661 6c20 7374 Command: eval st\n-00032340: 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 436f ring .... Co\n-00032350: 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6520 6172 6775 6d65 ncatenate argume\n-00032360: 6e74 7320 746f 6765 7468 6572 2075 7369 nts together usi\n-00032370: 6e67 2073 696e 676c 6520 7370 6163 6520 ng single space \n-00032380: 6173 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2061 6e64 as separator and\n-00032390: 0a20 2020 2020 6576 616c 7561 7465 2072 . evaluate r\n-000323a0: 6573 756c 7420 6173 2073 6571 7565 6e63 esult as sequenc\n-000323b0: 6520 6f66 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e e of GRUB comman\n-000323c0: 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ds.....File: gru\n-000323d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 b.info, Node: e\n-000323e0: 7870 6f72 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6661 xport, Next: fa\n-000323f0: 6c73 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6576 616c lse, Prev: eval\n-00032400: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00032410: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00032420: 2e34 2e32 3720 6578 706f 7274 0a2d 2d2d .4.27 export.---\n-00032430: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00032440: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6578 706f 7274 Command: export\n-00032450: 2065 6e76 7661 720a 2020 2020 2045 7870 envvar. Exp\n-00032460: 6f72 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d ort the environm\n-00032470: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 ent variable ENV\n-00032480: 5641 522e 2020 4578 706f 7274 6564 2076 VAR. Exported v\n-00032490: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 ariables are. \n-000324a0: 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 746f 2073 7562 visible to sub\n-000324b0: 7369 6469 6172 7920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 sidiary configur\n-000324c0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 6c6f 6164 ation files load\n-000324d0: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ed using. ..\n-000324e0: 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a .configfile.....\n-000324f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00032500: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 616c 7365 fo, Node: false\n-00032510: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 7773 6574 7570 , Next: fwsetup\n-00032520: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 7870 6f72 742c , Prev: export,\n-00032530: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00032540: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00032550: 342e 3238 2066 616c 7365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.28 false.-----\n-00032560: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00032570: 6d6d 616e 643a 2066 616c 7365 0a20 2020 mmand: false. \n-00032580: 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 756e Do nothing, un\n-00032590: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 2054 successfully. T\n-000325a0: 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 his is mainly us\n-000325b0: 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a eful in control.\n-000325c0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 7320 constructs \n-000325d0: 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9869 66e2 8099 such as ...if...\n-000325e0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 and ...while...\n-000325f0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 (*note Shell-li\n-00032600: 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e ke scripting::).\n-00032610: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00032620: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6677 7365 nfo, Node: fwse\n-00032630: 7475 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6764 6269 tup, Next: gdbi\n-00032640: 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6661 6c73 nfo, Prev: fals\n-00032650: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n-00032660: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00032670: 372e 342e 3239 2066 7773 6574 7570 0a2d 7.4.29 fwsetup.-\n-00032680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00032690: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2066 7773 -- Command: fws\n-000326a0: 6574 7570 205b 2d2d 6973 2d73 7570 706f etup [--is-suppo\n-000326b0: 7274 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6562 6f6f rted]. Reboo\n-000326c0: 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 t into the firmw\n-000326d0: 6172 6520 7365 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 2e20 are setup menu. \n-000326e0: 2049 6620 e280 982d 2d69 732d 7375 7070 If ...--is-supp\n-000326f0: 6f72 7465 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 orted... option \n-00032700: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 is. specifie\n-00032710: 642c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2063 6865 636b d, instead check\n-00032720: 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 6865 2066 6972 whether the fir\n-00032730: 6d77 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2061 mware supports a\n-00032740: 2073 6574 7570 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 setup menu. \n-00032750: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 7420 7375 6363 6573 and exit succes\n-00032760: 7366 756c 6c79 2069 6620 736f 2e0a 0a1f sfully if so....\n-00032770: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00032780: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6462 696e 666f , Node: gdbinfo\n-00032790: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6574 7465 7874 , Next: gettext\n-000327a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 7773 6574 7570 , Prev: fwsetup\n-000327b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-000327c0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-000327d0: 2e34 2e33 3020 6764 6269 6e66 6f0a 2d2d .4.30 gdbinfo.--\n-000327e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-000327f0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6764 6269 -- Command: gdbi\n-00032800: 6e66 6f0a 2020 2020 204f 7574 7075 7420 nfo. Output \n-00032810: 7465 7874 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 text to be used \n-00032820: 6173 2061 2047 4442 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 as a GDB command\n-00032830: 2066 6f72 2061 2047 4442 2073 6573 7369 for a GDB sessi\n-00032840: 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 on using the. \n-00032850: 2020 6764 625f 6772 7562 2073 6372 6970 gdb_grub scrip\n-00032860: 7420 616e 6420 6174 7461 6368 6564 2074 t and attached t\n-00032870: 6f20 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 4752 5542 o a running GRUB\n-00032880: 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652e 2020 5468 6520 instance. The \n-00032890: 4744 420a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 GDB. command\n-000328a0: 2074 6861 7420 6973 206f 7574 7075 7420 that is output \n-000328b0: 7769 6c6c 2074 656c 6c20 4744 4220 686f will tell GDB ho\n-000328c0: 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6465 6275 6767 w to load debugg\n-000328d0: 696e 6720 7379 6d62 6f6c 730a 2020 2020 ing symbols. \n-000328e0: 2074 6f20 7468 6569 7220 7072 6f70 6572 to their proper\n-000328f0: 2072 756e 7469 6d65 2061 6464 7265 7373 runtime address\n-00032900: 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 6869 . Currently thi\n-00032910: 7320 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 s is only availa\n-00032920: 626c 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2045 4649 ble. for EFI\n-00032930: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2053 6565 platforms. See\n-00032940: 2074 6865 2044 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2069 the Debugging i\n-00032950: 6e20 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 720a n the developer.\n-00032960: 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 documentati\n-00032970: 6f6e 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f on for more info\n-00032980: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rmation.....File\n-00032990: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000329a0: 6465 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 4e65 de: gettext, Ne\n-000329b0: 7874 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 5072 xt: gptsync, Pr\n-000329c0: 6576 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 ev: gdbinfo, Up\n-000329d0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-000329e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3331 ommands..17.4.31\n-000329f0: 2067 6574 7465 7874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gettext.-------\n-00032a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00032a10: 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 6574 7465 7874 2073 mmand: gettext s\n-00032a20: 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2054 7261 6e73 tring. Trans\n-00032a30: 6c61 7465 2053 5452 494e 4720 696e 746f late STRING into\n-00032a40: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c 616e the current lan\n-00032a50: 6775 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 guage... The\n-00032a60: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c 616e 6775 6167 current languag\n-00032a70: 6520 636f 6465 2069 7320 7374 6f72 6564 e code is stored\n-00032a80: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 986c 616e 67e2 in the ...lang.\n-00032a90: 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 696e 0a20 .. variable in. \n-00032aa0: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2773 2065 6e76 6972 GRUB's envir\n-00032ab0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c61 onment (*note la\n-00032ac0: 6e67 3a3a 292e 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 ng::). Translat\n-00032ad0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 696e 204d 4f20 ion files in MO \n-00032ae0: 666f 726d 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 format. are \n-00032af0: 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 e280 986c 6f63 read from ...loc\n-00032b00: 616c 655f 6469 72e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ale_dir... (*not\n-00032b10: 6520 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 3a3a 292c e locale_dir::),\n-00032b20: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 e280 usually. ..\n-00032b30: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6c6f 6361 ./boot/grub/loca\n-00032b40: 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 le........File: \n-00032b50: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00032b60: 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 4e65 7874 : gptsync, Next\n-00032b70: 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 : halt, Prev: g\n-00032b80: 6574 7465 7874 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ettext, Up: Com\n-00032b90: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00032ba0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3220 6770 7473 ds..17.4.32 gpts\n-00032bb0: 796e 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ync.------------\n-00032bc0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00032bd0: 3a20 6770 7473 796e 6320 6465 7669 6365 : gptsync device\n-00032be0: 205b 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e5b 2b2f 2d5b [partition[+/-[\n-00032bf0: 7479 7065 5d5d 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 type]]] .... \n-00032c00: 2044 6973 6b73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 Disks using the\n-00032c10: 2047 5549 4420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 GUID Partition \n-00032c20: 5461 626c 6520 2847 5054 2920 616c 736f Table (GPT) also\n-00032c30: 2068 6176 6520 6120 6c65 6761 6379 0a20 have a legacy. \n-00032c40: 2020 2020 4d61 7374 6572 2042 6f6f 7420 Master Boot \n-00032c50: 5265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 2070 6172 Record (MBR) par\n-00032c60: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 tition table for\n-00032c70: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 compatibility w\n-00032c80: 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 2042 494f ith the. BIO\n-00032c90: 5320 616e 6420 7769 7468 206f 6c64 6572 S and with older\n-00032ca0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00032cb0: 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6567 6163 7920 ms. The legacy \n-00032cc0: 4d42 5220 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 MBR can only. \n-00032cd0: 2020 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 6120 6c69 represent a li\n-00032ce0: 6d69 7465 6420 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 mited subset of \n-00032cf0: 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 656e GPT partition en\n-00032d00: 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 tries... Thi\n-00032d10: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 706f 7075 6c61 s command popula\n-00032d20: 7465 7320 7468 6520 6c65 6761 6379 204d tes the legacy M\n-00032d30: 4252 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 6563 BR with the spec\n-00032d40: 6966 6965 6420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e0a ified PARTITION.\n-00032d50: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 206f 6e20 entries on \n-00032d60: 4445 5649 4345 2e20 2055 7020 746f 2074 DEVICE. Up to t\n-00032d70: 6872 6565 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 hree partitions \n-00032d80: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 642e 0a0a 2020 may be used... \n-00032d90: 2020 2054 5950 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4d42 TYPE is an MB\n-00032da0: 5220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 R partition type\n-00032db0: 2063 6f64 653b 2070 7265 6669 7820 7769 code; prefix wi\n-00032dc0: 7468 20e2 8098 3078 e280 9920 6966 2079 th ...0x... if y\n-00032dd0: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ou want to. \n-00032de0: 656e 7465 7220 7468 6973 2069 6e20 6865 enter this in he\n-00032df0: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 xadecimal. The \n-00032e00: 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 6265 7477 6565 separator betwee\n-00032e10: 6e20 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e20 616e 640a n PARTITION and.\n-00032e20: 2020 2020 2054 5950 4520 6d61 7920 6265 TYPE may be\n-00032e30: 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 ...+... to make\n-00032e40: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2061 the partition a\n-00032e50: 6374 6976 652c 206f 7220 e280 982d e280 ctive, or ...-..\n-00032e60: 9920 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a20 2020 . to make it. \n-00032e70: 2020 696e 6163 7469 7665 3b20 6f6e 6c79 inactive; only\n-00032e80: 206f 6e65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d one partition m\n-00032e90: 6179 2062 6520 6163 7469 7665 2e20 2049 ay be active. I\n-00032ea0: 6620 626f 7468 2074 6865 2073 6570 6172 f both the separ\n-00032eb0: 6174 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7479 ator. and ty\n-00032ec0: 7065 2061 7265 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 pe are omitted, \n-00032ed0: 7468 656e 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 then the partiti\n-00032ee0: 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e61 6374 on will be inact\n-00032ef0: 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ive.....File: gr\n-00032f00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00032f10: 6861 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 6173 halt, Next: has\n-00032f20: 6873 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 7074 hsum, Prev: gpt\n-00032f30: 7379 6e63 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 sync, Up: Comma\n-00032f40: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00032f50: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3320 6861 6c74 0a2d ..17.4.33 halt.-\n-00032f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00032f70: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6861 6c74 205b Command: halt [\n-00032f80: 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d 5d0a 2020 2020 2054 --no-apm]. T\n-00032f90: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2068 616c 7473 he command halts\n-00032fa0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 2020 the computer. \n-00032fb0: 4f6e 2074 6865 2069 3338 362d 7063 2074 On the i386-pc t\n-00032fc0: 6172 6765 742c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 arget, the. \n-00032fd0: e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6de2 8099 206f ...--no-apm... o\n-00032fe0: 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 7368 6f72 7420 ption, or short \n-00032ff0: e280 982d 6ee2 8099 2c20 6973 2073 7065 ...-n..., is spe\n-00033000: 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6e6f 2041 504d 2042 cified, no APM B\n-00033010: 494f 5320 6361 6c6c 2069 730a 2020 2020 IOS call is. \n-00033020: 2070 6572 666f 726d 6564 2e20 204f 7468 performed. Oth\n-00033030: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 erwise, the comp\n-00033040: 7574 6572 2069 7320 7368 7574 2064 6f77 uter is shut dow\n-00033050: 6e20 7573 696e 6720 4150 4d20 6f6e 2074 n using APM on t\n-00033060: 6861 740a 2020 2020 2074 6172 6765 742e hat. target.\n-00033070: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00033080: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6861 7368 nfo, Node: hash\n-00033090: 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6865 6c70 sum, Next: help\n-000330a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 616c 742c 2020 , Prev: halt, \n-000330b0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-000330c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-000330d0: 3334 2068 6173 6873 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 34 hashsum.-----\n-000330e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-000330f0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 6173 6873 756d Command: hashsum\n-00033100: 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6861 7368 202d 2d6b --hash hash --k\n-00033110: 6565 702d 676f 696e 6720 2d2d 756e 636f eep-going --unco\n-00033120: 6d70 7265 7373 202d 2d63 6865 636b 2066 mpress --check f\n-00033130: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ile. [-\n-00033140: 2d70 7265 6669 7820 6469 725d 7c66 696c -prefix dir]|fil\n-00033150: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 e .... Compu\n-00033160: 7465 206f 7220 7665 7269 6679 2066 696c te or verify fil\n-00033170: 6520 6861 7368 6573 2e20 2048 6173 6820 e hashes. Hash \n-00033180: 7479 7065 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 type is selected\n-00033190: 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 with option. \n-000331a0: 2020 e280 982d 2d68 6173 68e2 8099 2e20 ...--hash.... \n-000331b0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2068 6173 6865 Supported hashe\n-000331c0: 7320 6172 653a 20e2 8098 6164 6c65 7233 s are: ...adler3\n-000331d0: 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3634 e280 2..., ...crc64..\n-000331e0: 992c 20e2 8098 6372 6333 32e2 8099 2c0a ., ...crc32...,.\n-000331f0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6372 6333 3272 6663 ...crc32rfc\n-00033200: 3135 3130 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 6332 1510..., ...crc2\n-00033210: 3472 6663 3234 3430 e280 992c 20e2 8098 4rfc2440..., ...\n-00033220: 6d64 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6435 e280 md4..., ...md5..\n-00033230: 992c 20e2 8098 7269 7065 6d64 3136 30e2 ., ...ripemd160.\n-00033240: 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 31e2 8099 2c0a .., ...sha1...,.\n-00033250: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7368 6132 3234 e280 ...sha224..\n-00033260: 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6132 3536 e280 992c ., ...sha256...,\n-00033270: 20e2 8098 7368 6135 3132 e280 992c 20e2 ...sha512..., .\n-00033280: 8098 7368 6133 3834 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ..sha384..., ...\n-00033290: 7469 6765 7231 3932 e280 992c 20e2 8098 tiger192..., ...\n-000332a0: 7469 6765 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 tiger...,. .\n-000332b0: 8098 7469 6765 7232 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ..tiger2..., ...\n-000332c0: 7768 6972 6c70 6f6f 6ce2 8099 2e20 204f whirlpool.... O\n-000332d0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d75 6e63 6f6d ption ...--uncom\n-000332e0: 7072 6573 73e2 8099 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 press... uncompr\n-000332f0: 6573 7365 7320 6669 6c65 730a 2020 2020 esses files. \n-00033300: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6d70 7574 696e before computin\n-00033310: 6720 6861 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 g hash... Wh\n-00033320: 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 696c 6573 en list of files\n-00033330: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2068 6173 6820 is given, hash \n-00033340: 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 2069 7320 of each file is \n-00033350: 636f 6d70 7574 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 computed and. \n-00033360: 2020 7072 696e 7465 642c 2066 6f6c 6c6f printed, follo\n-00033370: 7765 6420 6279 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 wed by file name\n-00033380: 2c20 6561 6368 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 2061 , each file on a\n-00033390: 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 new line... \n-000333a0: 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 When option ...\n-000333b0: 2d2d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2069 7320 6769 --check... is gi\n-000333c0: 7665 6e2c 2069 7420 706f 696e 7473 2074 ven, it points t\n-000333d0: 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 636f o a file that co\n-000333e0: 6e74 6169 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 ntains. list\n-000333f0: 206f 6620 4841 5348 204e 414d 4520 7061 of HASH NAME pa\n-00033400: 6972 7320 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 irs in the same \n-00033410: 666f 726d 6174 2061 7320 7573 6564 2062 format as used b\n-00033420: 7920 554e 4958 20e2 8098 6d64 3573 756d y UNIX ...md5sum\n-00033430: e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 .... command\n-00033440: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d70 . Option ...--p\n-00033450: 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6179 2062 6520 refix... may be \n-00033460: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6769 7665 2064 6972 used to give dir\n-00033470: 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 0a20 2020 ectory where. \n-00033480: 2020 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6c6f 6361 files are loca\n-00033490: 7465 642e 2020 4861 7368 2076 6572 6966 ted. Hash verif\n-000334a0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7374 6f70 7320 6166 ication stops af\n-000334b0: 7465 7220 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 2020 ter the first. \n-000334c0: 2020 206d 6973 6d61 7463 6820 7761 7320 mismatch was \n-000334d0: 666f 756e 6420 756e 6c65 7373 206f 7074 found unless opt\n-000334e0: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d6b 6565 702d 676f ion ...--keep-go\n-000334f0: 696e 67e2 8099 2077 6173 2067 6976 656e ing... was given\n-00033500: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6974 . The. exit\n-00033510: 2063 6f64 6520 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2069 code ...$?... i\n-00033520: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 6861 s set to 0 if ha\n-00033530: 7368 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 sh verification \n-00033540: 6973 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2e 2020 is successful. \n-00033550: 4966 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2066 6169 6c73 If. it fails\n-00033560: 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2069 7320 7365 , ...$?... is se\n-00033570: 7420 746f 2061 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f 2076 t to a nonzero v\n-00033580: 616c 7565 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 alue.....File: g\n-00033590: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000335a0: 2068 656c 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6865 help, Next: he\n-000335b0: 7864 756d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6861 xdump, Prev: ha\n-000335c0: 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d shsum, Up: Comm\n-000335d0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-000335e0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3335 2068 656c 700a s..17.4.35 help.\n-000335f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00033600: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 656c 7020 - Command: help \n-00033610: 5b70 6174 7465 726e 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 [pattern ...]. \n-00033620: 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2068 656c 7066 Display helpf\n-00033630: 756c 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 ul information a\n-00033640: 626f 7574 2062 7569 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d bout builtin com\n-00033650: 6d61 6e64 732e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2064 mands. If you d\n-00033660: 6f20 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 o not. speci\n-00033670: 6679 2050 4154 5445 524e 2c20 7468 6973 fy PATTERN, this\n-00033680: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 686f 7773 2073 command shows s\n-00033690: 686f 7274 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e hort description\n-000336a0: 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6176 s of all. av\n-000336b0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ailable commands\n-000336c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 ... If you s\n-000336d0: 7065 6369 6679 2061 6e79 2050 4154 5445 pecify any PATTE\n-000336e0: 524e 532c 2069 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7973 RNS, it displays\n-000336f0: 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 longer informat\n-00033700: 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2065 ion about. e\n-00033710: 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ach of the comma\n-00033720: 6e64 7320 7768 6f73 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 nds whose names \n-00033730: 6265 6769 6e20 7769 7468 2074 686f 7365 begin with those\n-00033740: 2050 4154 5445 524e 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 PATTERNS.....Fi\n-00033750: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00033760: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 7864 756d 702c 2020 Node: hexdump, \n-00033770: 4e65 7874 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 Next: insmod, P\n-00033780: 7265 763a 2068 656c 702c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: help, Up: \n-00033790: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-000337a0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3336 2068 mands..17.4.36 h\n-000337b0: 6578 6475 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d exdump.---------\n-000337c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-000337d0: 616e 643a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 205b 2d2d and: hexdump [--\n-000337e0: 736b 6970 206f 6666 7365 745d 205b 2d2d skip offset] [--\n-000337f0: 6c65 6e67 7468 206c 656e 5d20 4649 4c45 length len] FILE\n-00033800: 5f4f 525f 4445 5649 4345 0a20 2020 2020 _OR_DEVICE. \n-00033810: 5368 6f77 2072 6177 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 Show raw content\n-00033820: 7320 6f66 2061 2066 696c 6520 6f72 206d s of a file or m\n-00033830: 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5768 656e 206f 7074 emory. When opt\n-00033840: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 70e2 8099 ion ...--skip...\n-00033850: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 is. given, \n-00033860: e280 986f 6666 7365 74e2 8099 206e 756d ...offset... num\n-00033870: 6265 7220 6f66 2062 7974 6573 2061 7265 ber of bytes are\n-00033880: 2073 6b69 7070 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 skipped from th\n-00033890: 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 e start of the. \n-000338a0: 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 206f 7220 6669 device or fi\n-000338b0: 6c65 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2041 6e64 20e2 le given. And .\n-000338c0: 8098 2d2d 6c65 6e67 7468 e280 9920 616c ..--length... al\n-000338d0: 6c6f 7773 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 lows specifying \n-000338e0: 6120 6d61 7869 6d75 6d0a 2020 2020 206e a maximum. n\n-000338f0: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2062 7974 6573 2074 umber of bytes t\n-00033900: 6f20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 0a20 2020 o be shown... \n-00033910: 2020 4966 2067 6976 656e 2074 6865 2073 If given the s\n-00033920: 7065 6369 616c 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 pecial device na\n-00033930: 6d65 6420 e280 9828 6d65 6d29 e280 992c med ...(mem)...,\n-00033940: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 e280 986f 6666 then the ...off\n-00033950: 7365 74e2 8099 2067 6976 656e 0a20 2020 set... given. \n-00033960: 2020 746f 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 e280 to ...--skip..\n-00033970: 9920 6973 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 . is treated as \n-00033980: 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2061 the address of a\n-00033990: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e memory location\n-000339a0: 2074 6f20 6475 6d70 0a20 2020 2020 6672 to dump. fr\n-000339b0: 6f6d 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 om.....File: gru\n-000339c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 b.info, Node: i\n-000339d0: 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6b65 nsmod, Next: ke\n-000339e0: 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ystatus, Prev: \n-000339f0: 6865 7864 756d 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f hexdump, Up: Co\n-00033a00: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00033a10: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3337 2069 6e73 nds..17.4.37 ins\n-00033a20: 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mod.------------\n-00033a30: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00033a40: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a20 insmod module. \n-00033a50: 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 2074 6865 2064 Insert the d\n-00033a60: 796e 616d 6963 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 ynamic GRUB modu\n-00033a70: 6c65 2063 616c 6c65 6420 4d4f 4455 4c45 le called MODULE\n-00033a80: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00033a90: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206b 6579 info, Node: key\n-00033aa0: 7374 6174 7573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c status, Next: l\n-00033ab0: 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ist_env, Prev: \n-00033ac0: 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d insmod, Up: Com\n-00033ad0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00033ae0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3820 6b65 7973 ds..17.4.38 keys\n-00033af0: 7461 7475 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tatus.----------\n-00033b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00033b10: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 7320 mand: keystatus \n-00033b20: 5b2d 2d73 6869 6674 5d20 5b2d 2d63 7472 [--shift] [--ctr\n-00033b30: 6c5d 205b 2d2d 616c 745d 0a20 2020 2020 l] [--alt]. \n-00033b40: 5265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 Return true if t\n-00033b50: 6865 2053 6869 6674 2c20 436f 6e74 726f he Shift, Contro\n-00033b60: 6c2c 206f 7220 416c 7420 6d6f 6469 6669 l, or Alt modifi\n-00033b70: 6572 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 6865 6c64 er keys are held\n-00033b80: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 776e 2c20 6173 2072 . down, as r\n-00033b90: 6571 7565 7374 6564 2062 7920 6f70 7469 equested by opti\n-00033ba0: 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7573 ons. This is us\n-00033bb0: 6566 756c 2069 6e20 7363 7269 7074 696e eful in scriptin\n-00033bc0: 672c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 g, to. allow\n-00033bd0: 2073 6f6d 6520 7573 6572 2063 6f6e 7472 some user contr\n-00033be0: 6f6c 206f 7665 7220 6265 6861 7669 6f75 ol over behaviou\n-00033bf0: 7220 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6861 7669 6e67 r without having\n-00033c00: 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2061 0a20 to wait for a. \n-00033c10: 2020 2020 6b65 7970 7265 7373 2e0a 0a20 keypress... \n-00033c20: 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b69 6e67 206b 6579 Checking key\n-00033c30: 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 7374 6174 7573 modifier status\n-00033c40: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 706f 7274 is only support\n-00033c50: 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 ed on some platf\n-00033c60: 6f72 6d73 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 696e orms.. If in\n-00033c70: 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 616e voked without an\n-00033c80: 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6865 20e2 y options, the .\n-00033c90: 8098 6b65 7973 7461 7475 73e2 8099 2063 ..keystatus... c\n-00033ca0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 0a20 ommand returns. \n-00033cb0: 2020 2020 7472 7565 2069 6620 616e 6420 true if and \n-00033cc0: 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 only if checking\n-00033cd0: 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 7374 key modifier st\n-00033ce0: 6174 7573 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 atus is supporte\n-00033cf0: 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 d.....File: grub\n-00033d00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .info, Node: li\n-00033d10: 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c st_env, Next: l\n-00033d20: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 5072 ist_trusted, Pr\n-00033d30: 6576 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 ev: keystatus, \n-00033d40: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00033d50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00033d60: 3339 206c 6973 745f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 39 list_env.----\n-00033d70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00033d80: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6973 745f - Command: list_\n-00033d90: 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 env [--file file\n-00033da0: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 ]. List all \n-00033db0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 variables in the\n-00033dc0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-00033dd0: 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a ck file. *Note.\n-00033de0: 2020 2020 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Environment\n-00033df0: 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 block::... \n-00033e00: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 The ...--file...\n-00033e10: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 option override\n-00033e20: 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f s the default lo\n-00033e30: 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 cation of the. \n-00033e40: 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 environment b\n-00033e50: 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 lock.....File: g\n-00033e60: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00033e70: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 list_trusted, \n-00033e80: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 Next: load_env, \n-00033e90: 2050 7265 763a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c Prev: list_env,\n-00033ea0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00033eb0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00033ec0: 342e 3430 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 4.40 list_truste\n-00033ed0: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n-00033ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00033ef0: 616e 643a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 and: list_truste\n-00033f00: 640a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 d. List all \n-00033f10: 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 7320 7472 7573 public keys trus\n-00033f20: 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 666f 7220 ted by GRUB for \n-00033f30: 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6e67 2073 6967 6e61 validating signa\n-00033f40: 7475 7265 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 tures.. The \n-00033f50: 6f75 7470 7574 2069 7320 696e 2047 5047 output is in GPG\n-00033f60: 2773 2076 3420 6b65 7920 6669 6e67 6572 's v4 key finger\n-00033f70: 7072 696e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2028 692e print format (i.\n-00033f80: 652e 2c20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 e., the output. \n-00033f90: 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6770 6720 2d2d of ...gpg --\n-00033fa0: 6669 6e67 6572 7072 696e 74e2 8099 292e fingerprint...).\n-00033fb0: 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6173 7420 7369 676e The least sign\n-00033fc0: 6966 6963 616e 7420 666f 7572 2062 7974 ificant four byt\n-00033fd0: 6573 2028 6c61 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6569 es (last. ei\n-00033fe0: 6768 7420 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 ght hexadecimal \n-00033ff0: 6469 6769 7473 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 digits) can be u\n-00034000: 7365 6420 6173 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 sed as an argume\n-00034010: 6e74 2074 6f20 e280 9864 6973 7472 7573 nt to ...distrus\n-00034020: 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 t.... (*note\n-00034030: 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2e20 202a distrust::). *\n-00034040: 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 Note Using digit\n-00034050: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c al signatures::,\n-00034060: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2069 for more. i\n-00034070: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 nformation about\n-00034080: 2075 7365 7320 666f 7220 7468 6573 6520 uses for these \n-00034090: 6b65 7973 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 keys.....File: g\n-000340a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000340b0: 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 load_env, Next\n-000340c0: 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 : loadfont, Pre\n-000340d0: 763a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c v: list_trusted,\n-000340e0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-000340f0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00034100: 342e 3431 206c 6f61 645f 656e 760a 2d2d 4.41 load_env.--\n-00034110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00034120: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6f61 -- Command: loa\n-00034130: 645f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 d_env [--file fi\n-00034140: 6c65 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d le] [--skip-sig]\n-00034150: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 7768 6974 . [whit\n-00034160: 656c 6973 7465 645f 7661 7269 6162 6c65 elisted_variable\n-00034170: 5f6e 616d 655d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 _name] .... \n-00034180: 4c6f 6164 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 626c Load all variabl\n-00034190: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e 7669 es from the envi\n-000341a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 ronment block fi\n-000341b0: 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 le into the. \n-000341c0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 202a environment. *\n-000341d0: 4e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Note Environment\n-000341e0: 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 block::... \n-000341f0: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 The ...--file...\n-00034200: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 option override\n-00034210: 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f s the default lo\n-00034220: 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 cation of the. \n-00034230: 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 environment b\n-00034240: 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 lock... The \n-00034250: e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 ...--skip-sig...\n-00034260: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 736b 6970 7320 7369 option skips si\n-00034270: 676e 6174 7572 6520 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 gnature checking\n-00034280: 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 even when the. \n-00034290: 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 value of env\n-000342a0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000342b0: 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 e ...check_signa\n-000342c0: 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 tures... is set \n-000342d0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 to. ...enfor\n-000342e0: 6365 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 ce... (*note che\n-000342f0: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 ck_signatures::)\n-00034300: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206f 6e65 206f ... If one o\n-00034310: 7220 6d6f 7265 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 r more variable \n-00034320: 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7072 6f76 6964 names are provid\n-00034330: 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c ed as arguments,\n-00034340: 2074 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 2020 2069 they are. i\n-00034350: 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 6120 nterpreted as a \n-00034360: 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2076 6172 whitelist of var\n-00034370: 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2066 iables to load f\n-00034380: 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 rom the. env\n-00034390: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 ironment block f\n-000343a0: 696c 652e 2020 5661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 ile. Variables \n-000343b0: 7365 7420 696e 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 set in the file \n-000343c0: 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 7072 6573 656e 740a but not present.\n-000343d0: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7768 6974 in the whit\n-000343e0: 656c 6973 7420 6172 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 elist are ignore\n-000343f0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 d... The ...\n-00034400: 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 --skip-sig... op\n-00034410: 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 tion should be u\n-00034420: 7365 6420 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c 2061 sed with care, a\n-00034430: 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 616c 7761 7973 nd should always\n-00034440: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e . be used in\n-00034450: 2063 6f6e 6365 7274 2077 6974 6820 6120 concert with a \n-00034460: 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6363 whitelist of acc\n-00034470: 6570 7461 626c 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 eptable variable\n-00034480: 7320 7768 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c s whose. val\n-00034490: 7565 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7365 ues should be se\n-000344a0: 742e 2020 4661 696c 7572 6520 746f 2065 t. Failure to e\n-000344b0: 6d70 6c6f 7920 6120 6361 7265 6675 6c6c mploy a carefull\n-000344c0: 7920 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 640a 2020 y constructed. \n-000344d0: 2020 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 whitelist cou\n-000344e0: 6c64 2072 6573 756c 7420 696e 2072 6561 ld result in rea\n-000344f0: 6469 6e67 2061 206d 616c 6963 696f 7573 ding a malicious\n-00034500: 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e74 6f20 6372 6974 value into crit\n-00034510: 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f ical. enviro\n-00034520: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 nment variables \n-00034530: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 696c 652c 2073 from the file, s\n-00034540: 7563 6820 6173 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a20 uch as setting. \n-00034550: 2020 2020 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 ...check_sig\n-00034560: 6e61 7475 7265 733d 6e6f e280 992c 206d natures=no..., m\n-00034570: 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 7072 6566 odifying ...pref\n-00034580: 6978 e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 ix... to boot fr\n-00034590: 6f6d 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e65 7870 om an. unexp\n-000345a0: 6563 7465 6420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f ected location o\n-000345b0: 7220 6e6f 7420 6174 2061 6c6c 2c20 6574 r not at all, et\n-000345c0: 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 c... When us\n-000345d0: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6361 7265 2c20 e280 ed with care, ..\n-000345e0: 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2061 .--skip-sig... a\n-000345f0: 6e64 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 nd the whitelist\n-00034600: 2065 6e61 626c 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 enable an. \n-00034610: 6164 6d69 6e69 7374 7261 746f 7220 746f administrator to\n-00034620: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 2073 7973 configure a sys\n-00034630: 7465 6d20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6f6e 6c79 tem to boot only\n-00034640: 2073 6967 6e65 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e signed. con\n-00034650: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2062 7574 figurations, but\n-00034660: 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 7573 to allow the us\n-00034670: 6572 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2066 726f er to select fro\n-00034680: 6d20 616d 6f6e 6720 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 m among multiple\n-00034690: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . configurat\n-000346a0: 696f 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 746f 2065 6e61 ions, and to ena\n-000346b0: 626c 6520 226f 6e65 2d73 686f 7422 2062 ble \"one-shot\" b\n-000346c0: 6f6f 7420 6174 7465 6d70 7473 2061 6e64 oot attempts and\n-000346d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2273 6176 6564 6566 6175 . \"savedefau\n-000346e0: 6c74 2220 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2e20 202a lt\" behavior. *\n-000346f0: 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 Note Using digit\n-00034700: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c al signatures::,\n-00034710: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2069 for more. i\n-00034720: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n-00034730: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00034740: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c Node: loadfont,\n-00034750: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b Next: loopback\n-00034760: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f61 645f 656e , Prev: load_en\n-00034770: 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d v, Up: Command-\n-00034780: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00034790: 372e 342e 3432 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 740a 7.4.42 loadfont.\n-000347a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000347b0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c .. -- Command: l\n-000347c0: 6f61 6466 6f6e 7420 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e oadfont file ...\n-000347d0: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2073 7065 6369 . Load speci\n-000347e0: 6669 6564 2066 6f6e 7420 6669 6c65 732e fied font files.\n-000347f0: 2020 556e 6c65 7373 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 Unless absolut\n-00034800: 6520 7061 7468 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6769 e pathname is gi\n-00034810: 7665 6e2c 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2069 ven, FILE. i\n-00034820: 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 s assumed to be \n-00034830: 696e 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 20e2 8098 in directory ...\n-00034840: 2470 7265 6669 782f 666f 6e74 73e2 8099 $prefix/fonts...\n-00034850: 2077 6974 6820 7375 6666 6978 20e2 8098 with suffix ...\n-00034860: 2e70 6632 e280 990a 2020 2020 2061 7070 .pf2.... app\n-00034870: 656e 6465 642e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 466f ended. *Note Fo\n-00034880: 6e74 733a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 nts: Theme file \n-00034890: 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a format.....File:\n-000348a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000348b0: 653a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 4e65 e: loopback, Ne\n-000348c0: 7874 3a20 6c73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c xt: ls, Prev: l\n-000348d0: 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f oadfont, Up: Co\n-000348e0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-000348f0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3433 206c 6f6f nds..17.4.43 loo\n-00034900: 7062 6163 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d pback.----------\n-00034910: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00034920: 616e 643a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 5b2d and: loopback [-\n-00034930: 645d 205b 2d44 5d20 6465 7669 6365 2066 d] [-D] device f\n-00034940: 696c 650a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 7468 ile. Make th\n-00034950: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6564 2044 e device named D\n-00034960: 4556 4943 4520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 EVICE correspond\n-00034970: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 to the contents\n-00034980: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c of the. fil\n-00034990: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6520 696e esystem image in\n-000349a0: 2046 494c 452e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d FILE. For exam\n-000349b0: 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ple:.. \n-000349c0: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 206c 6f6f 7030 202f loopback loop0 /\n-000349d0: 7061 7468 2f74 6f2f 696d 6167 650a 2020 path/to/image. \n-000349e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c73 2028 6c6f 6f70 ls (loop\n-000349f0: 3029 2f0a 0a20 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 0)/.. Specif\n-00034a00: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d44 e280 ying the ...-D..\n-00034a10: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 . option allows \n-00034a20: 7468 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2066 696c the loopback fil\n-00034a30: 6520 746f 2062 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 e to be. tra\n-00034a40: 6e70 6172 656e 746c 7920 6465 636f 6d70 nparently decomp\n-00034a50: 7265 7373 6564 2069 6620 7468 6572 6520 ressed if there \n-00034a60: 6973 2061 6e20 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 is an appropriat\n-00034a70: 6520 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 0a20 e decompressor. \n-00034a80: 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 loaded... \n-00034a90: 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d64 With the ...-d\n-00034aa0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6465 6c65 ... option, dele\n-00034ab0: 7465 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 7072 6576 te a device prev\n-00034ac0: 696f 7573 6c79 2063 7265 6174 6564 2075 iously created u\n-00034ad0: 7369 6e67 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 sing this. c\n-00034ae0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ommand.....File:\n-00034af0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00034b00: 653a 206c 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c73 e: ls, Next: ls\n-00034b10: 666f 6e74 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f fonts, Prev: lo\n-00034b20: 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d opback, Up: Com\n-00034b30: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00034b40: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3420 6c73 0a2d ds..17.4.44 ls.-\n-00034b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00034b60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 205b 6172 6720 ommand: ls [arg \n-00034b70: 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2064 ...]. List d\n-00034b80: 6576 6963 6573 206f 7220 6669 6c65 732e evices or files.\n-00034b90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 .. With no a\n-00034ba0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 rguments, print \n-00034bb0: 616c 6c20 6465 7669 6365 7320 6b6e 6f77 all devices know\n-00034bc0: 6e20 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 n to GRUB... \n-00034bd0: 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 If the argument\n-00034be0: 2069 7320 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d is a device nam\n-00034bf0: 6520 656e 636c 6f73 6564 2069 6e20 7061 e enclosed in pa\n-00034c00: 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 rentheses (*note\n-00034c10: 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e . Device syn\n-00034c20: 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7269 tax::), then pri\n-00034c30: 6e74 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 nt the name of t\n-00034c40: 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6f66 he filesystem of\n-00034c50: 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 that. devic\n-00034c60: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 e... If the \n-00034c70: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6469 argument is a di\n-00034c80: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6769 7665 6e20 6173 rectory given as\n-00034c90: 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c an absolute fil\n-00034ca0: 6520 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f e name. (*no\n-00034cb0: 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e te File name syn\n-00034cc0: 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6973 tax::), then lis\n-00034cd0: 7420 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f t the contents o\n-00034ce0: 6620 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 f that. dire\n-00034cf0: 6374 6f72 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ctory.....File: \n-00034d00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00034d10: 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 732c 2020 4e65 7874 : lsfonts, Next\n-00034d20: 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : lsmod, Prev: \n-00034d30: 6c73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ls, Up: Command\n-00034d40: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00034d50: 3137 2e34 2e34 3520 6c73 666f 6e74 730a 17.4.45 lsfonts.\n-00034d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00034d70: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 . -- Command: ls\n-00034d80: 666f 6e74 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 fonts. List \n-00034d90: 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 2e0a 0a1f loaded fonts....\n-00034da0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00034db0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 , Node: lsmod, \n-00034dc0: 204e 6578 743a 206d 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 Next: md5sum, \n-00034dd0: 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 732c 2020 Prev: lsfonts, \n-00034de0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00034df0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00034e00: 3436 206c 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 46 lsmod.-------\n-00034e10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00034e20: 616e 643a 206c 736d 6f64 0a20 2020 2020 and: lsmod. \n-00034e30: 5368 6f77 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 Show list of loa\n-00034e40: 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 1f0a ded modules.....\n-00034e50: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00034e60: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 Node: md5sum, \n-00034e70: 204e 6578 743a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 Next: module, \n-00034e80: 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 Prev: lsmod, Up\n-00034e90: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00034ea0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3437 ommands..17.4.47\n-00034eb0: 206d 6435 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d md5sum.--------\n-00034ec0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00034ed0: 616e 643a 206d 6435 7375 6d20 6172 6720 and: md5sum arg \n-00034ee0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 .... Alias f\n-00034ef0: 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d or ...hashsum --\n-00034f00: 6861 7368 206d 6435 2061 7267 202e 2e2e hash md5 arg ...\n-00034f10: e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d 616e .... See comman\n-00034f20: 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 990a d ...hashsum....\n-00034f30: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 (*note hash\n-00034f40: 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 sum::) for full \n-00034f50: 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a description.....\n-00034f60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00034f70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 Node: module, \n-00034f80: 204e 6578 743a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 Next: multiboot\n-00034f90: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 6435 7375 6d2c , Prev: md5sum,\n-00034fa0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00034fb0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00034fc0: 342e 3438 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 4.48 module.----\n-00034fd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00034fe0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 6f64 756c 6520 Command: module \n-00034ff0: 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 [--nounzip] file\n-00035000: 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 [arguments]. \n-00035010: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 6f64 756c 6520 Load a module \n-00035020: 666f 7220 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 for multiboot ke\n-00035030: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 rnel image. The\n-00035040: 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e rest of the lin\n-00035050: 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 e is. passed\n-00035060: 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 verbatim as the\n-00035070: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 module command \n-00035080: 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 line.....File: g\n-00035090: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000350a0: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 multiboot, Nex\n-000350b0: 743a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 t: nativedisk, \n-000350c0: 5072 6576 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2055 Prev: module, U\n-000350d0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-000350e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 commands..17.4.4\n-000350f0: 3920 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 9 multiboot.----\n-00035100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00035110: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d75 6c74 -- Command: mult\n-00035120: 6962 6f6f 7420 5b2d 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 iboot [--quirk-b\n-00035130: 6164 2d6b 6c75 6467 655d 0a20 2020 2020 ad-kludge]. \n-00035140: 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d 6d6f [--quirk-mo\n-00035150: 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d 6b65 726e dules-after-kern\n-00035160: 656c 5d20 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 el] file .... \n-00035170: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f Load a multibo\n-00035180: 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 ot kernel image \n-00035190: 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 from FILE. The \n-000351a0: 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 rest of the line\n-000351b0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 is. passed \n-000351c0: 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 verbatim as the \n-000351d0: e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e ...kernel comman\n-000351e0: 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 d-line.... Any \n-000351f0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 module must be. \n-00035200: 2020 2020 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 reloaded aft\n-00035210: 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f er using this co\n-00035220: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d 6f64 mmand (*note mod\n-00035230: 756c 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 536f ule::)... So\n-00035240: 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2068 6176 6520 me kernels have \n-00035250: 6b6e 6f77 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2e20 known problems. \n-00035260: 2059 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 You need to spe\n-00035270: 6369 6679 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 2a20 666f cify -quirk-* fo\n-00035280: 720a 2020 2020 2074 686f 7365 2e20 202d r. those. -\n-00035290: 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 6765 quirk-bad-kludge\n-000352a0: 2069 7320 6120 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 7365 is a problem se\n-000352b0: 656e 2069 6e20 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7072 en in several pr\n-000352c0: 6f64 7563 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 oducts. that\n-000352d0: 2074 6865 7920 696e 636c 7564 6520 6c6f they include lo\n-000352e0: 6164 696e 6720 6b6c 7564 6765 2069 6e66 ading kludge inf\n-000352f0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 696e ormation with in\n-00035300: 7661 6c69 6420 6461 7461 2069 6e0a 2020 valid data in. \n-00035310: 2020 2045 4c46 2066 696c 652e 2020 4752 ELF file. GR\n-00035320: 5542 2070 7269 6f72 2074 6f20 302e 3937 UB prior to 0.97\n-00035330: 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6375 7374 6f6d and some custom\n-00035340: 2062 7569 6c64 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 builds preferre\n-00035350: 6420 454c 460a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 d ELF. infor\n-00035360: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 6869 6c65 2030 2e39 mation while 0.9\n-00035370: 3720 616e 6420 4752 5542 2032 2075 7365 7 and GRUB 2 use\n-00035380: 206b 6c75 6467 652e 2020 5573 6520 7468 kludge. Use th\n-00035390: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 is option to. \n-000353a0: 2020 6967 6e6f 7265 206b 6c75 6467 652e ignore kludge.\n-000353b0: 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6665 6374 6564 Known affected\n-000353c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 6f6c 6420 536f systems: old So\n-000353d0: 6c61 7269 732c 2053 6b79 4f53 2e0a 0a20 laris, SkyOS... \n-000353e0: 2020 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c -quirk-modul\n-000353f0: 6573 2d61 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c20 es-after-kernel \n-00035400: 6973 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 6b65 is needed for ke\n-00035410: 726e 656c 7320 7768 6963 6820 6c6f 6164 rnels which load\n-00035420: 2061 740a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6174 6976 at. relativ\n-00035430: 656c 7920 6869 6768 2061 6464 7265 7373 ely high address\n-00035440: 2065 2e67 2e20 2031 364d 6942 206d 6172 e.g. 16MiB mar\n-00035450: 6b20 616e 6420 6361 6e27 7420 636f 7065 k and can't cope\n-00035460: 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 756c with. modul\n-00035470: 6573 2073 7475 6666 6564 2062 6574 7765 es stuffed betwe\n-00035480: 656e 2031 4d69 4220 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 en 1MiB mark and\n-00035490: 2062 6567 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 beginning of th\n-000354a0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 2020 204b e kernel.. K\n-000354b0: 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 7465 6374 6564 2073 nown afftected s\n-000354c0: 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 564d 5761 7265 2e0a ystems: VMWare..\n-000354d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000354e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6174 6976 fo, Node: nativ\n-000354f0: 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e6f edisk, Next: no\n-00035500: 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 756c rmal, Prev: mul\n-00035510: 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d tiboot, Up: Com\n-00035520: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00035530: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3020 6e61 7469 ds..17.4.50 nati\n-00035540: 7665 6469 736b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d vedisk.---------\n-00035550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00035560: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 ommand: nativedi\n-00035570: 736b 0a20 2020 2020 5377 6974 6368 2066 sk. Switch f\n-00035580: 726f 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6973 rom firmware dis\n-00035590: 6b20 6472 6976 6572 7320 746f 206e 6174 k drivers to nat\n-000355a0: 6976 6520 6f6e 6573 2e20 2052 6561 6c6c ive ones. Reall\n-000355b0: 7920 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e y useful. on\n-000355c0: 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 ly on platforms \n-000355d0: 7768 6572 6520 626f 7468 2066 6972 6d77 where both firmw\n-000355e0: 6172 6520 616e 6420 6e61 7469 7665 2064 are and native d\n-000355f0: 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2061 7265 0a20 isk drives are. \n-00035600: 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 available. \n-00035610: 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6933 3836 2d70 Currently i386-p\n-00035620: 632c 2069 3338 362d 6566 692c 2069 3338 c, i386-efi, i38\n-00035630: 362d 6965 6565 3132 3735 2061 6e64 0a20 6-ieee1275 and. \n-00035640: 2020 2020 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 2e0a x86_64-efi..\n-00035650: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00035660: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 fo, Node: norma\n-00035670: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c l, Next: normal\n-00035680: 5f65 7869 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e61 _exit, Prev: na\n-00035690: 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 tivedisk, Up: C\n-000356a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-000356b0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3120 6e6f ands..17.4.51 no\n-000356c0: 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rmal.-----------\n-000356d0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-000356e0: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 205b 6669 6c65 5d0a : normal [file].\n-000356f0: 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 206e 6f72 6d61 Enter norma\n-00035700: 6c20 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 2064 6973 706c l mode and displ\n-00035710: 6179 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6d65 6e75 ay the GRUB menu\n-00035720: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 ... In norma\n-00035730: 6c20 6d6f 6465 2c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 l mode, commands\n-00035740: 2c20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f64 , filesystem mod\n-00035750: 756c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6372 7970 746f ules, and crypto\n-00035760: 6772 6170 6879 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 graphy. modu\n-00035770: 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 les are automati\n-00035780: 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 616e cally loaded, an\n-00035790: 6420 7468 6520 6675 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 d the full GRUB \n-000357a0: 7363 7269 7074 2070 6172 7365 720a 2020 script parser. \n-000357b0: 2020 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e is available.\n-000357c0: 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 Other modules \n-000357d0: 6d61 7920 6265 2065 7870 6c69 6369 746c may be explicitl\n-000357e0: 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 y loaded using. \n-000357f0: 2020 2020 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 ...insmod...\n-00035800: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a (*note insmod::\n-00035810: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6120 4649 )... If a FI\n-00035820: 4c45 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 LE is given, the\n-00035830: 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 696c 6c20 n commands will \n-00035840: 6265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6861 be read from tha\n-00035850: 7420 6669 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 t file.. Oth\n-00035860: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6579 2077 696c erwise, they wil\n-00035870: 6c20 6265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 l be read from .\n-00035880: 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 2e63 ..$prefix/grub.c\n-00035890: 6667 e280 9920 6966 2069 7420 6578 6973 fg... if it exis\n-000358a0: 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 986e 6f72 ts... ...nor\n-000358b0: 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6179 2062 6520 6361 mal... may be ca\n-000358c0: 6c6c 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e lled from within\n-000358d0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2c20 6372 normal mode, cr\n-000358e0: 6561 7469 6e67 2061 206e 6573 7465 640a eating a nested.\n-000358f0: 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 environment\n-00035900: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7573 . It is more us\n-00035910: 7561 6c20 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 636f ual to use ...co\n-00035920: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f nfigfile... (*no\n-00035930: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 te. configfi\n-00035940: 6c65 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 7468 6973 2e0a le::) for this..\n-00035950: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00035960: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 fo, Node: norma\n-00035970: 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 l_exit, Next: p\n-00035980: 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 arttool, Prev: \n-00035990: 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d normal, Up: Com\n-000359a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000359b0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3220 6e6f 726d ds..17.4.52 norm\n-000359c0: 616c 5f65 7869 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al_exit.--------\n-000359d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-000359e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c Command: normal\n-000359f0: 5f65 7869 740a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 _exit. Exit \n-00035a00: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f normal mode (*no\n-00035a10: 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2049 te normal::). I\n-00035a20: 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 6520 f this instance \n-00035a30: 6f66 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a20 of normal mode. \n-00035a40: 2020 2020 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 6e65 7374 was not nest\n-00035a50: 6564 2077 6974 6869 6e20 616e 6f74 6865 ed within anothe\n-00035a60: 7220 6f6e 652c 2074 6865 6e20 7265 7475 r one, then retu\n-00035a70: 726e 2074 6f20 7265 7363 7565 206d 6f64 rn to rescue mod\n-00035a80: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-00035a90: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 .info, Node: pa\n-00035aa0: 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 rttool, Next: p\n-00035ab0: 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 assword, Prev: \n-00035ac0: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 5570 normal_exit, Up\n-00035ad0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00035ae0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3533 ommands..17.4.53\n-00035af0: 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d parttool.------\n-00035b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00035b10: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f Command: parttoo\n-00035b20: 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 636f 6d6d l partition comm\n-00035b30: 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2076 ands. Make v\n-00035b40: 6172 696f 7573 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 arious modificat\n-00035b50: 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 7061 7274 6974 696f ions to partitio\n-00035b60: 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 6965 732e n table entries.\n-00035b70: 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 6163 6820 434f 4d4d .. Each COMM\n-00035b80: 414e 4420 6973 2065 6974 6865 7220 6120 AND is either a \n-00035b90: 626f 6f6c 6561 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 boolean option, \n-00035ba0: 696e 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 6520 6974 in which case it\n-00035bb0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 666f must be. fo\n-00035bc0: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 982b llowed with ...+\n-00035bd0: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2028 ... or ...-... (\n-00035be0: 7769 7468 206e 6f20 696e 7465 7276 656e with no interven\n-00035bf0: 696e 6720 7370 6163 6529 2074 6f20 656e ing space) to en\n-00035c00: 6162 6c65 206f 720a 2020 2020 2064 6973 able or. dis\n-00035c10: 6162 6c65 2074 6861 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e able that option\n-00035c20: 2c20 6f72 2065 6c73 6520 6974 2074 616b , or else it tak\n-00035c30: 6573 2061 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e20 7468 es a value in th\n-00035c40: 6520 666f 726d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9843 e form. ...C\n-00035c50: 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3d56 414c 5545 e280 992e OMMAND=VALUE....\n-00035c60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 .. Currently\n-00035c70: 2c20 e280 9870 6172 7474 6f6f 6ce2 8099 , ...parttool...\n-00035c80: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 is only useful \n-00035c90: 6f6e 2044 4f53 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e on DOS partition\n-00035ca0: 2074 6162 6c65 7320 2861 6c73 6f0a 2020 tables (also. \n-00035cb0: 2020 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4d61 7374 known as Mast\n-00035cc0: 6572 2042 6f6f 7420 5265 636f 7264 2c20 er Boot Record, \n-00035cd0: 6f72 204d 4252 292e 204f 6e20 7468 6573 or MBR). On thes\n-00035ce0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c e partition tabl\n-00035cf0: 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6f6c es,. the fol\n-00035d00: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 lowing commands \n-00035d10: 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 653a 0a0a are available:..\n-00035d20: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 ...boot... \n-00035d30: 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 2020 (boolean). \n-00035d40: 2020 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c 6564 When enabled\n-00035d50: 2c20 7468 6973 206d 616b 6573 2074 6865 , this makes the\n-00035d60: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 selected partit\n-00035d70: 696f 6e20 6265 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 ion be the activ\n-00035d80: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2862 6f6f e. (boo\n-00035d90: 7461 626c 6529 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e table) partition\n-00035da0: 206f 6e20 6974 7320 6469 736b 2c20 636c on its disk, cl\n-00035db0: 6561 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 earing the activ\n-00035dc0: 6520 666c 6167 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 e flag on. \n-00035dd0: 2020 2020 616c 6c20 6f74 6865 7220 7061 all other pa\n-00035de0: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6869 7320 rtitions. This \n-00035df0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206c 696d 6974 command is limit\n-00035e00: 6564 2074 6f20 5f70 7269 6d61 7279 5f0a ed to _primary_.\n-00035e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 partit\n-00035e20: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 ions... ...t\n-00035e30: 7970 65e2 8099 2028 7661 6c75 6529 0a20 ype... (value). \n-00035e40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 6520 Change \n-00035e50: 7468 6520 7479 7065 206f 6620 616e 2065 the type of an e\n-00035e60: 7869 7374 696e 6720 7061 7274 6974 696f xisting partitio\n-00035e70: 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6d75 n. The value mu\n-00035e80: 7374 2062 6520 610a 2020 2020 2020 2020 st be a. \n-00035e90: 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 7468 6520 number in the \n-00035ea0: 7261 6e67 6520 302d 3078 4646 2028 7072 range 0-0xFF (pr\n-00035eb0: 6566 6978 2077 6974 6820 e280 9830 78e2 efix with ...0x.\n-00035ec0: 8099 2074 6f20 656e 7465 7220 6974 2069 .. to enter it i\n-00035ed0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 7861 n. hexa\n-00035ee0: 6465 6369 6d61 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 decimal)... \n-00035ef0: e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2028 626f ...hidden... (bo\n-00035f00: 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 olean). \n-00035f10: 2057 6865 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 When enabled, t\n-00035f20: 6869 7320 6869 6465 7320 7468 6520 7365 his hides the se\n-00035f30: 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e lected partition\n-00035f40: 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a by setting the.\n-00035f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 9c68 6964 ...hid\n-00035f60: 6465 6ee2 809d 2062 6974 2069 6e20 6974 den... bit in it\n-00035f70: 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 s partition type\n-00035f80: 2063 6f64 653b 2077 6865 6e20 6469 7361 code; when disa\n-00035f90: 626c 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bled,. \n-00035fa0: 756e 6869 6465 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 unhides the sele\n-00035fb0: 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 cted partition b\n-00035fc0: 7920 636c 6561 7269 6e67 2074 6869 7320 y clearing this \n-00035fd0: 6269 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 2020 bit. This is. \n-00035fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7573 6566 756c 206f useful o\n-00035ff0: 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 nly when booting\n-00036000: 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 DOS or Windows \n-00036010: 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2070 7269 and multiple pri\n-00036020: 6d61 7279 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 mary. F\n-00036030: 4154 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6578 AT partitions ex\n-00036040: 6973 7420 696e 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2e ist in one disk.\n-00036050: 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 See also *note\n-00036060: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 4f53 2f57 . DOS/W\n-00036070: 696e 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c indows::.....Fil\n-00036080: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00036090: 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 ode: password, \n-000360a0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 Next: password_p\n-000360b0: 626b 6466 322c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 bkdf2, Prev: pa\n-000360c0: 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d rttool, Up: Com\n-000360d0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000360e0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3420 7061 7373 ds..17.4.54 pass\n-000360f0: 776f 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d word.-----------\n-00036100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00036110: 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2075 7365 nd: password use\n-00036120: 7220 636c 6561 722d 7061 7373 776f 7264 r clear-password\n-00036130: 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 . Define a u\n-00036140: 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 ser named USER w\n-00036150: 6974 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 2043 4c45 ith password CLE\n-00036160: 4152 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 2a4e AR-PASSWORD. *N\n-00036170: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2053 6563 7572 6974 ote. Securit\n-00036180: 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 y::.....File: gr\n-00036190: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000361a0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c password_pbkdf2,\n-000361b0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 Next: plainmou\n-000361c0: 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6173 7377 nt, Prev: passw\n-000361d0: 6f72 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ord, Up: Comman\n-000361e0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-000361f0: 0a31 372e 342e 3535 2070 6173 7377 6f72 .17.4.55 passwor\n-00036200: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d_pbkdf2.-------\n+0002da00: 2020 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2053 Retrieve S\n+0002da10: 4d42 494f 5320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f MBIOS informatio\n+0002da20: 6e0a 2a20 736f 7572 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 n.* source:: \n+0002da30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002da40: 2020 5265 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 Read a configu\n+0002da50: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 696e 2073 ration file in s\n+0002da60: 616d 6520 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2a20 7465 ame context.* te\n+0002da70: 7374 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 st:: \n+0002da80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 Chec\n+0002da90: 6b20 6669 6c65 2074 7970 6573 2061 6e64 k file types and\n+0002daa0: 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2076 616c 7565 730a compare values.\n+0002dab0: 2a20 7472 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * true:: \n+0002dac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002dad0: 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 Do nothing, succ\n+0002dae0: 6573 7366 756c 6c79 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 essfully.* trust\n+0002daf0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002db00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2070 7562 Add pub\n+0002db10: 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 746f 206c 6973 7420 lic key to list \n+0002db20: 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 730a of trusted keys.\n+0002db30: 2a20 756e 7365 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * unset:: \n+0002db40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002db50: 556e 7365 7420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Unset an environ\n+0002db60: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 ment variable.* \n+0002db70: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a verify_detached:\n+0002db80: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 : Ve\n+0002db90: 7269 6679 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 6469 rify detached di\n+0002dba0: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 650a gital signature.\n+0002dbb0: 2a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 * videoinfo:: \n+0002dbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002dbd0: 4c69 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 List available v\n+0002dbe0: 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6573 0a2a 2077 726d ideo modes.* wrm\n+0002dbf0: 7372 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sr:: \n+0002dc00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 Write\n+0002dc10: 2076 616c 7565 7320 746f 206d 6f64 656c values to model\n+0002dc20: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 -specific regist\n+0002dc30: 6572 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ers....File: gru\n+0002dc40: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 205b b.info, Node: [\n+0002dc50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2061 6370 692c 2020 , Next: acpi, \n+0002dc60: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002dc70: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0002dc80: 3120 5b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 1 [.--------.. -\n+0002dc90: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 205b 2065 7870 - Command: [ exp\n+0002dca0: 7265 7373 696f 6e20 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 ression ]. A\n+0002dcb0: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 7465 7374 lias for ...test\n+0002dcc0: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4ee2 8099 2028 EXPRESSION... (\n+0002dcd0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 7374 3a3a 292e 0a0a *note test::)...\n+0002dce0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002dcf0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 o, Node: acpi, \n+0002dd00: 204e 6578 743a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 Next: authentic\n+0002dd10: 6174 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5b2c 2020 ate, Prev: [, \n+0002dd20: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002dd30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0002dd40: 3220 6163 7069 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2 acpi.---------\n+0002dd50: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002dd60: 2061 6370 6920 5b2d 317c 2d32 5d20 5b2d acpi [-1|-2] [-\n+0002dd70: 2d65 7863 6c75 6465 3d74 6162 6c65 312c -exclude=table1,\n+0002dd80: 2e2e 2e7c 2d2d 6c6f 6164 2d6f 6e6c 793d ...|--load-only=\n+0002dd90: 7461 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 table1,...]. \n+0002dda0: 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6f 656d 6964 3d69 [--oemid=i\n+0002ddb0: 645d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 3d74 d] [--oemtable=t\n+0002ddc0: 6162 6c65 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c able] [--oemtabl\n+0002ddd0: 6572 6576 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 erev=rev]. \n+0002dde0: 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 6563 [--oemtablec\n+0002ddf0: 7265 6174 6f72 3d63 7265 6174 6f72 5d20 reator=creator] \n+0002de00: 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 6563 7265 6174 [--oemtablecreat\n+0002de10: 6f72 7265 763d 7265 765d 0a20 2020 2020 orrev=rev]. \n+0002de20: 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 615d [--no-ebda]\n+0002de30: 2066 696c 656e 616d 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 filename .... \n+0002de40: 2020 204d 6f64 6572 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 Modern BIOS s\n+0002de50: 7973 7465 6d73 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 ystems normally \n+0002de60: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 7468 6520 4164 implement the Ad\n+0002de70: 7661 6e63 6564 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 vanced Configura\n+0002de80: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 506f tion. and Po\n+0002de90: 7765 7220 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 2841 wer Interface (A\n+0002dea0: 4350 4929 2c20 616e 6420 6465 6669 6e65 CPI), and define\n+0002deb0: 2076 6172 696f 7573 2074 6162 6c65 7320 various tables \n+0002dec0: 7468 6174 2064 6573 6372 6962 650a 2020 that describe. \n+0002ded0: 2020 2074 6865 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 the interface\n+0002dee0: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2061 6e20 4143 5049 between an ACPI\n+0002def0: 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 206f 7065 7261 -compliant opera\n+0002df00: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 ting system and \n+0002df10: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6972 6d77 6172 the. firmwar\n+0002df20: 652e 2020 496e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 e. In some case\n+0002df30: 732c 2074 6865 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7072 s, the tables pr\n+0002df40: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c ovided by defaul\n+0002df50: 7420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 t only work. \n+0002df60: 2077 656c 6c20 7769 7468 2063 6572 7461 well with certa\n+0002df70: 696e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 in operating sys\n+0002df80: 7465 6d73 2c20 616e 6420 6974 206d 6179 tems, and it may\n+0002df90: 2062 6520 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f be necessary to\n+0002dfa0: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 706c 6163 6520 736f . replace so\n+0002dfb0: 6d65 206f 6620 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 me of them... \n+0002dfc0: 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6973 Normally, this\n+0002dfd0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 7265 command will re\n+0002dfe0: 706c 6163 6520 7468 6520 526f 6f74 2053 place the Root S\n+0002dff0: 7973 7465 6d20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f ystem Descriptio\n+0002e000: 6e0a 2020 2020 2050 6f69 6e74 6572 2028 n. Pointer (\n+0002e010: 5253 4450 2920 696e 2074 6865 2045 7874 RSDP) in the Ext\n+0002e020: 656e 6465 6420 4249 4f53 2044 6174 6120 ended BIOS Data \n+0002e030: 4172 6561 2074 6f20 706f 696e 7420 746f Area to point to\n+0002e040: 2074 6865 206e 6577 0a20 2020 2020 7461 the new. ta\n+0002e050: 626c 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 bles. If the ..\n+0002e060: 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6562 6461 e280 9920 6f70 .--no-ebda... op\n+0002e070: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 tion is used, th\n+0002e080: 6520 6e65 7720 7461 626c 6573 2077 696c e new tables wil\n+0002e090: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 l be. known \n+0002e0a0: 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 only to GRUB, bu\n+0002e0b0: 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6279 t may be used by\n+0002e0c0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 4546 4920 656d 756c GRUB's EFI emul\n+0002e0d0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 ation... Not\n+0002e0e0: 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 e: The command i\n+0002e0f0: 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 s not allowed wh\n+0002e100: 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 en lockdown is e\n+0002e110: 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 nforced (*note. \n+0002e120: 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e Lockdown::).\n+0002e130: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 616e 2061 Otherwise an a\n+0002e140: 7474 6163 6b65 7220 6361 6e20 696e 7374 ttacker can inst\n+0002e150: 7275 6374 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 746f ruct the GRUB to\n+0002e160: 206c 6f61 640a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 5353 load. an SS\n+0002e170: 4454 2074 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6f76 6572 DT table to over\n+0002e180: 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c write the kernel\n+0002e190: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 lockdown config\n+0002e1a0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 616e 640a 2020 2020 uration and. \n+0002e1b0: 206c 6174 6572 206c 6f61 6420 616e 6420 later load and \n+0002e1c0: 6578 6563 7574 6520 756e 7369 676e 6564 execute unsigned\n+0002e1d0: 2063 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 code.....File: \n+0002e1e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002e1f0: 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 : authenticate, \n+0002e200: 204e 6578 743a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e Next: backgroun\n+0002e210: 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 d_color, Prev: \n+0002e220: 6163 7069 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 acpi, Up: Comma\n+0002e230: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0002e240: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 2061 7574 6865 6e74 ..17.4.3 authent\n+0002e250: 6963 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d icate.----------\n+0002e260: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0002e270: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 ommand: authenti\n+0002e280: 6361 7465 205b 7573 6572 6c69 7374 5d0a cate [userlist].\n+0002e290: 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2077 6865 7468 Check wheth\n+0002e2a0: 6572 2075 7365 7220 6973 2069 6e20 5553 er user is in US\n+0002e2b0: 4552 4c49 5354 206f 7220 6c69 7374 6564 ERLIST or listed\n+0002e2c0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 in the value of\n+0002e2d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 . variable .\n+0002e2e0: 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 992e ..superusers....\n+0002e2f0: 2020 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 7065 See *note supe\n+0002e300: 7275 7365 7273 3a3a 2066 6f72 2076 616c rusers:: for val\n+0002e310: 6964 2075 7365 7220 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 id user list. \n+0002e320: 2020 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2049 6620 e280 format. If ..\n+0002e330: 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2069 .superusers... i\n+0002e340: 7320 656d 7074 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f s empty, this co\n+0002e350: 6d6d 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e 7320 7472 mmand returns tr\n+0002e360: 7565 2e0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 ue.. *Note S\n+0002e370: 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ecurity::.....Fi\n+0002e380: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002e390: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 Node: background\n+0002e3a0: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 _color, Next: b\n+0002e3b0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c ackground_image,\n+0002e3c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 Prev: authenti\n+0002e3d0: 6361 7465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 cate, Up: Comma\n+0002e3e0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0002e3f0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 2062 6163 6b67 726f ..17.4.4 backgro\n+0002e400: 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d und_color.------\n+0002e410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002e420: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002e430: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 background_color\n+0002e440: 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 color. Set \n+0002e450: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 background color\n+0002e460: 2066 6f72 2061 6374 6976 6520 7465 726d for active term\n+0002e470: 696e 616c 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 616c 6964 inal. For valid\n+0002e480: 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 color. spec\n+0002e490: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2073 6565 202a ifications see *\n+0002e4a0: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6c 6f72 733a 2054 6865 note Colors: The\n+0002e4b0: 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e20 me file format. \n+0002e4c0: 2042 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 Background. \n+0002e4d0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 color can be ch\n+0002e4e0: 616e 6765 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 anged only when \n+0002e4f0: 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d using ...gfxterm\n+0002e500: e280 9920 666f 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c ... for terminal\n+0002e510: 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 output... T\n+0002e520: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7473 his command sets\n+0002e530: 2063 6f6c 6f72 206f 6620 656d 7074 7920 color of empty \n+0002e540: 6172 6561 7320 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7465 areas without te\n+0002e550: 7874 2e20 2054 6578 740a 2020 2020 2062 xt. Text. b\n+0002e560: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 ackground color \n+0002e570: 6973 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 is controlled by\n+0002e580: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+0002e590: 6961 626c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 434f 4c4f iables. COLO\n+0002e5a0: 525f 4e4f 524d 414c 2c20 434f 4c4f 525f R_NORMAL, COLOR_\n+0002e5b0: 4849 4748 4c49 4748 542c 204d 454e 555f HIGHLIGHT, MENU_\n+0002e5c0: 434f 4c4f 525f 4e4f 524d 414c 2c0a 2020 COLOR_NORMAL,. \n+0002e5d0: 2020 204d 454e 555f 434f 4c4f 525f 4849 MENU_COLOR_HI\n+0002e5e0: 4748 4c49 4748 542e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 GHLIGHT. *Note \n+0002e5f0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+0002e600: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 733a 3a2e ent variables::.\n+0002e610: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002e620: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b nfo, Node: back\n+0002e630: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 204e ground_image, N\n+0002e640: 6578 743a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 5072 ext: badram, Pr\n+0002e650: 6576 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 ev: background_c\n+0002e660: 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 olor, Up: Comma\n+0002e670: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0002e680: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 2062 6163 6b67 726f ..17.4.5 backgro\n+0002e690: 756e 645f 696d 6167 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d und_image.------\n+0002e6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002e6b0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002e6c0: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 background_image\n+0002e6d0: 205b 5b2d 2d6d 6f64 6520 7374 7265 7463 [[--mode stretc\n+0002e6e0: 687c 6e6f 726d 616c 5d20 6669 6c65 5d0a h|normal] file].\n+0002e6f0: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6261 636b 6772 Load backgr\n+0002e700: 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2061 ound image for a\n+0002e710: 6374 6976 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2066 ctive terminal f\n+0002e720: 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2049 6d61 6765 rom FILE. Image\n+0002e730: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7472 6574 6368 is. stretch\n+0002e740: 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2075 7020 656e ed to fill up en\n+0002e750: 7469 7265 2073 6372 6565 6e20 756e 6c65 tire screen unle\n+0002e760: 7373 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d6d ss option ...--m\n+0002e770: 6f64 65e2 8099 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c ode... ...normal\n+0002e780: e280 990a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6769 7665 .... is give\n+0002e790: 6e2e 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6172 6775 n. Without argu\n+0002e7a0: 6d65 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7665 2063 7572 ments remove cur\n+0002e7b0: 7265 6e74 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6261 rently loaded ba\n+0002e7c0: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696d ckground. im\n+0002e7d0: 6167 652e 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 age. Background\n+0002e7e0: 2069 6d61 6765 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 image can be ch\n+0002e7f0: 616e 6765 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 anged only when \n+0002e800: 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d using ...gfxterm\n+0002e810: e280 990a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2074 6572 .... for ter\n+0002e820: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f minal output....\n+0002e830: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002e840: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c , Node: badram,\n+0002e850: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 Next: blocklis\n+0002e860: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6261 636b 6772 t, Prev: backgr\n+0002e870: 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 2055 703a ound_image, Up:\n+0002e880: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0002e890: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 2062 mmands..17.4.6 b\n+0002e8a0: 6164 7261 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d adram.----------\n+0002e8b0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002e8c0: 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2061 6464 722c 6d61 : badram addr,ma\n+0002e8d0: 736b 5b2c 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 6b2e 2e2e sk[,addr,mask...\n+0002e8e0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2046 696c 7465 7220 6f75 ]. Filter ou\n+0002e8f0: 7420 6261 6420 5241 4d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 t bad RAM... \n+0002e900: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6e6f This command no\n+0002e910: 7469 6669 6573 2074 6865 206d 656d 6f72 tifies the memor\n+0002e920: 7920 6d61 6e61 6765 7220 7468 6174 2073 y manager that s\n+0002e930: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e73 pecified regions\n+0002e940: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2052 414d 206f 7567 of. RAM oug\n+0002e950: 6874 2074 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 ht to be filtere\n+0002e960: 6420 6f75 7420 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 d out (usually, \n+0002e970: 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6579 2772 6520 because they're \n+0002e980: 6461 6d61 6765 6429 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 damaged).. T\n+0002e990: 6869 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 his remains in e\n+0002e9a0: 6666 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 6120 7061 ffect after a pa\n+0002e9b0: 796c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2068 6173 yload kernel has\n+0002e9c0: 2062 6565 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 790a been loaded by.\n+0002e9d0: 2020 2020 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f GRUB, as lo\n+0002e9e0: 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 ng as the loaded\n+0002e9f0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f62 7461 696e 7320 kernel obtains \n+0002ea00: 6974 7320 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2066 its memory map f\n+0002ea10: 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 422e 2020 rom. GRUB. \n+0002ea20: 4b65 726e 656c 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 Kernels that sup\n+0002ea30: 706f 7274 2074 6869 7320 696e 636c 7564 port this includ\n+0002ea40: 6520 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 204d 6163 e Linux, GNU Mac\n+0002ea50: 682c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e h, the. kern\n+0002ea60: 656c 206f 6620 4672 6565 4253 4420 616e el of FreeBSD an\n+0002ea70: 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e d Multiboot kern\n+0002ea80: 656c 7320 696e 2067 656e 6572 616c 2e0a els in general..\n+0002ea90: 0a20 2020 2020 5379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 . Syntax is \n+0002eaa0: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7072 6f76 the same as prov\n+0002eab0: 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4d65 6d74 ided by the Memt\n+0002eac0: 6573 7438 362b 2075 7469 6c69 7479 0a20 est86+ utility. \n+0002ead0: 2020 2020 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e (http://www.\n+0002eae0: 6d65 6d74 6573 742e 6f72 672f 293a 2061 memtest.org/): a\n+0002eaf0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6464 7265 7373 list of address\n+0002eb00: 2f6d 6173 6b20 7061 6972 732e 2020 4769 /mask pairs. Gi\n+0002eb10: 7665 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2070 6167 652d ven a. page-\n+0002eb20: 616c 6967 6e65 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 aligned address \n+0002eb30: 616e 6420 6120 6261 7365 2061 6464 7265 and a base addre\n+0002eb40: 7373 202f 206d 6173 6b20 7061 6972 2c20 ss / mask pair, \n+0002eb50: 6966 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 if all the. \n+0002eb60: 6269 7473 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 6765 bits of the page\n+0002eb70: 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 -aligned address\n+0002eb80: 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 656e 6162 6c65 that are enable\n+0002eb90: 6420 6279 2074 6865 206d 6173 6b20 6d61 d by the mask ma\n+0002eba0: 7463 680a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7468 tch. with th\n+0002ebb0: 6520 6261 7365 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 e base address, \n+0002ebc0: 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6869 7320 7061 it means this pa\n+0002ebd0: 6765 2069 7320 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 ge is to be filt\n+0002ebe0: 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 ered. This. \n+0002ebf0: 2073 796e 7461 7820 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 syntax makes it\n+0002ec00: 2065 6173 7920 746f 2072 6570 7265 7365 easy to represe\n+0002ec10: 6e74 2070 6174 7465 726e 7320 7468 6174 nt patterns that\n+0002ec20: 2061 7265 206f 6674 656e 2072 6573 756c are often resul\n+0002ec30: 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6d6f 7279 t of. memory\n+0002ec40: 2064 616d 6167 652c 2064 7565 2074 6f20 damage, due to \n+0002ec50: 7068 7973 6963 616c 2064 6973 7472 6962 physical distrib\n+0002ec60: 7574 696f 6e20 6f66 206d 656d 6f72 7920 ution of memory \n+0002ec70: 6365 6c6c 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 cells... The\n+0002ec80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7369 6d69 command is simi\n+0002ec90: 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 8098 6375 746d 656d lar to ...cutmem\n+0002eca0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 ... command... \n+0002ecb0: 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d Note: The com\n+0002ecc0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f mand is not allo\n+0002ecd0: 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 wed when lockdow\n+0002ece0: 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a n is enforced (*\n+0002ecf0: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f note. Lockdo\n+0002ed00: 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2070 7265 wn::). This pre\n+0002ed10: 7665 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7669 6e67 2045 vents removing E\n+0002ed20: 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e FI memory region\n+0002ed30: 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 s to. potent\n+0002ed40: 6961 6c6c 7920 7375 6276 6572 7420 7468 ially subvert th\n+0002ed50: 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 206d 6563 6861 e security mecha\n+0002ed60: 6e69 736d 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 nisms provided b\n+0002ed70: 7920 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a20 2020 2020 y the UEFI. \n+0002ed80: 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a secure boot.....\n+0002ed90: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002eda0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 Node: blocklis\n+0002edb0: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 t, Next: boot, \n+0002edc0: 2050 7265 763a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 Prev: badram, \n+0002edd0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002ede0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0002edf0: 3720 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 7 blocklist.----\n+0002ee00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002ee10: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6c6f 636b - Command: block\n+0002ee20: 6c69 7374 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2050 list file. P\n+0002ee30: 7269 6e74 2061 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 rint a block lis\n+0002ee40: 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 206c t (*note Block l\n+0002ee50: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 666f ist syntax::) fo\n+0002ee60: 7220 4649 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a r FILE.....File:\n+0002ee70: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002ee80: 653a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: boot, Next: \n+0002ee90: 6361 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 626c 6f63 cat, Prev: bloc\n+0002eea0: 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d klist, Up: Comm\n+0002eeb0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002eec0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3820 626f 6f74 0a2d s..17.4.8 boot.-\n+0002eed0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002eee0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 Command: boot. \n+0002eef0: 2020 2042 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 4f53 206f Boot the OS o\n+0002ef00: 7220 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 2077 r chain-loader w\n+0002ef10: 6869 6368 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6c6f hich has been lo\n+0002ef20: 6164 6564 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6365 aded. Only nece\n+0002ef30: 7373 6172 790a 2020 2020 2069 6620 7275 ssary. if ru\n+0002ef40: 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 6675 6c6c 7920 nning the fully \n+0002ef50: 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 6520 636f 6d6d interactive comm\n+0002ef60: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 6974 2069 7320 and-line (it is \n+0002ef70: 696d 706c 6963 6974 2061 740a 2020 2020 implicit at. \n+0002ef80: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 6120 6d65 the end of a me\n+0002ef90: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 nu entry).....Fi\n+0002efa0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002efb0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6361 742c 2020 4e65 7874 Node: cat, Next\n+0002efc0: 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : clear, Prev: \n+0002efd0: 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 boot, Up: Comma\n+0002efe0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0002eff0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e39 2063 6174 0a2d 2d2d ..17.4.9 cat.---\n+0002f000: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002f010: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6361 7420 5b2d 2d64 6f73 mand: cat [--dos\n+0002f020: 5d20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 ] file. Disp\n+0002f030: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 lay the contents\n+0002f040: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c of the file FIL\n+0002f050: 452e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 E. This command\n+0002f060: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 0a20 may be useful. \n+0002f070: 2020 2020 746f 2072 656d 696e 6420 796f to remind yo\n+0002f080: 7520 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 4f53 2773 2072 u of your OS's r\n+0002f090: 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e3a 0a0a oot partition:..\n+0002f0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0002f0b0: 6361 7420 2f65 7463 2f66 7374 6162 0a0a cat /etc/fstab..\n+0002f0c0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d If the ...-\n+0002f0d0: 2d64 6f73 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 -dos... option i\n+0002f0e0: 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2063 6172 s used, then car\n+0002f0f0: 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e 202f 206e riage return / n\n+0002f100: 6577 206c 696e 650a 2020 2020 2070 6169 ew line. pai\n+0002f110: 7273 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c rs will be displ\n+0002f120: 6179 6564 2061 7320 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 ayed as a simple\n+0002f130: 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 2020 4f74 6865 new line. Othe\n+0002f140: 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 rwise, the. \n+0002f150: 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 carriage return \n+0002f160: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7965 will be displaye\n+0002f170: 6420 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2063 d as a control c\n+0002f180: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2028 e280 983c 643e haracter (...\n+0002f190: e280 9929 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 616b ...) to. mak\n+0002f1a0: 6520 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 2073 e it easier to s\n+0002f1b0: 6565 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 2070 726f ee when boot pro\n+0002f1c0: 626c 656d 7320 6172 6520 6361 7573 6564 blems are caused\n+0002f1d0: 2062 7920 6120 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 by a file. \n+0002f1e0: 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 formatted using \n+0002f1f0: 444f 532d 7374 796c 6520 6c69 6e65 2065 DOS-style line e\n+0002f200: 6e64 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f ndings... No\n+0002f210: 7465 3a20 e280 9863 6174 e280 9920 6361 te: ...cat... ca\n+0002f220: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2076 6965 n be used to vie\n+0002f230: 7720 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f w the contents o\n+0002f240: 6620 6465 7669 6365 7320 7573 696e 6720 f devices using \n+0002f250: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 206c the. block l\n+0002f260: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2028 2a6e 6f74 ist syntax (*not\n+0002f270: 6520 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e e Block list syn\n+0002f280: 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 tax::). However\n+0002f290: 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 , it is not. \n+0002f2a0: 2061 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7669 6577 advised to view\n+0002f2b0: 2062 696e 6172 7920 6461 7461 2062 6563 binary data bec\n+0002f2c0: 6175 7365 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 ause it will try\n+0002f2d0: 2074 6f20 6465 636f 6465 2055 5446 2d38 to decode UTF-8\n+0002f2e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7269 6e67 732c 2077 . strings, w\n+0002f2f0: 6869 6368 2063 616e 206c 6561 6420 746f hich can lead to\n+0002f300: 2073 6f6d 6520 6279 7465 7320 6d69 7373 some bytes miss\n+0002f310: 696e 6720 6f72 2061 6464 6564 2069 6e20 ing or added in \n+0002f320: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 742e the. output.\n+0002f330: 2020 496e 7374 6561 642c 2075 7365 2074 Instead, use t\n+0002f340: 6865 20e2 8098 6865 7864 756d 70e2 8099 he ...hexdump...\n+0002f350: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n+0002f360: 6865 7864 756d 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 hexdump::).....F\n+0002f370: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002f380: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 204e Node: clear, N\n+0002f390: 6578 743a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 ext: cmosclean, \n+0002f3a0: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6174 2c20 2055 703a Prev: cat, Up:\n+0002f3b0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0002f3c0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3020 mmands..17.4.10 \n+0002f3d0: 636c 6561 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d clear.----------\n+0002f3e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002f3f0: 3a20 636c 6561 720a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 : clear. Cle\n+0002f400: 6172 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a ar the screen...\n+0002f410: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002f420: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 636c o, Node: cmoscl\n+0002f430: 6561 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 ean, Next: cmos\n+0002f440: 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6c65 dump, Prev: cle\n+0002f450: 6172 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ar, Up: Command\n+0002f460: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002f470: 3137 2e34 2e31 3120 636d 6f73 636c 6561 17.4.11 cmosclea\n+0002f480: 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n.--------------\n+0002f490: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002f4a0: 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e20 6279 7465 : cmosclean byte\n+0002f4b0: 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 436c 6561 7220 :bit. Clear \n+0002f4c0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2062 6974 2069 6e20 value of bit in \n+0002f4d0: 434d 4f53 2061 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e CMOS at location\n+0002f4e0: 2042 5954 453a 4249 542e 2020 5468 6973 BYTE:BIT. This\n+0002f4f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 command is. \n+0002f500: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 available only \n+0002f510: 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 on platforms tha\n+0002f520: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a t support CMOS..\n+0002f530: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002f540: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7364 fo, Node: cmosd\n+0002f550: 756d 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 ump, Next: cmos\n+0002f560: 7465 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d6f test, Prev: cmo\n+0002f570: 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d sclean, Up: Com\n+0002f580: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0002f590: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3220 636d 6f73 ds..17.4.12 cmos\n+0002f5a0: 6475 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dump.-----------\n+0002f5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2044 756d 703a -----.. -- Dump:\n+0002f5c0: 2043 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 0a20 CMOS contents. \n+0002f5d0: 2020 2020 4475 6d70 2066 756c 6c20 434d Dump full CM\n+0002f5e0: 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6173 2068 OS contents as h\n+0002f5f0: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2076 616c 7565 exadecimal value\n+0002f600: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s. This command\n+0002f610: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 is. availab\n+0002f620: 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 le only on platf\n+0002f630: 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 orms that suppor\n+0002f640: 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a t CMOS.....File:\n+0002f650: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002f660: 653a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 4e65 e: cmostest, Ne\n+0002f670: 7874 3a20 636d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 xt: cmp, Prev: \n+0002f680: 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 cmosdump, Up: C\n+0002f690: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0002f6a0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3320 636d ands..17.4.13 cm\n+0002f6b0: 6f73 7465 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ostest.---------\n+0002f6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002f6d0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2062 mand: cmostest b\n+0002f6e0: 7974 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 2054 6573 yte:bit. Tes\n+0002f6f0: 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2062 6974 2069 t value of bit i\n+0002f700: 6e20 434d 4f53 2061 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 n CMOS at locati\n+0002f710: 6f6e 2042 5954 453a 4249 542e 2020 4578 on BYTE:BIT. Ex\n+0002f720: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 it status is. \n+0002f730: 2020 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6269 7420 6973 zero if bit is\n+0002f740: 2073 6574 2c20 6e6f 6e20 7a65 726f 206f set, non zero o\n+0002f750: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2e20 2054 6869 7320 therwise. This \n+0002f760: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2061 7661 696c command is avail\n+0002f770: 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206f able. only o\n+0002f780: 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 n platforms that\n+0002f790: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a support CMOS...\n+0002f7a0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002f7b0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 702c 2020 o, Node: cmp, \n+0002f7c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 Next: configfile\n+0002f7d0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 , Prev: cmostes\n+0002f7e0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n+0002f7f0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0002f800: 372e 342e 3134 2063 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.14 cmp.-----\n+0002f810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002f820: 616e 643a 2063 6d70 205b 2d76 5d20 6669 and: cmp [-v] fi\n+0002f830: 6c65 3120 6669 6c65 320a 2020 2020 2043 le1 file2. C\n+0002f840: 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 ompare the file \n+0002f850: 4649 4c45 3120 7769 7468 2074 6865 2066 FILE1 with the f\n+0002f860: 696c 6520 4649 4c45 322e 2020 4966 2074 ile FILE2. If t\n+0002f870: 6865 7920 6172 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 hey are complete\n+0002f880: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 6361 ly. identica\n+0002f890: 6c2c 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 7769 6c6c l, ...$?... will\n+0002f8a0: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2030 2e20 204f be set to 0. O\n+0002f8b0: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 6966 2074 6865 therwise, if the\n+0002f8c0: 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 206e 6f74 0a20 files are not. \n+0002f8d0: 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 6361 6c2c 20e2 identical, .\n+0002f8e0: 8098 243f e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ..$?... will be \n+0002f8f0: 7365 7420 746f 2061 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f set to a nonzero\n+0002f900: 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 value... By\n+0002f910: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 default nothing\n+0002f920: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206f 7574 7075 742e will be output.\n+0002f930: 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 If the ...-v..\n+0002f940: 9920 6973 2075 7365 642c 2076 6572 626f . is used, verbo\n+0002f950: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 2069 7320 se. mode is \n+0002f960: 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 496e 2074 6869 enabled. In thi\n+0002f970: 7320 6d6f 6465 2077 6865 6e20 7768 656e s mode when when\n+0002f980: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 2064 6966 6665 the files diffe\n+0002f990: 7220 696e 2073 697a 652c 0a20 2020 2020 r in size,. \n+0002f9a0: 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7369 7a65 7320 print the sizes \n+0002f9b0: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like this:.. \n+0002f9c0: 2020 2020 2020 4469 6666 6572 2069 6e20 Differ in \n+0002f9d0: 7369 7a65 3a20 3078 3132 3334 205b 666f size: 0x1234 [fo\n+0002f9e0: 6f5d 2c20 3078 3433 3231 205b 6261 725d o], 0x4321 [bar]\n+0002f9f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 7369 .. If the si\n+0002fa00: 7a65 7320 6172 6520 6571 7561 6c20 6275 zes are equal bu\n+0002fa10: 7420 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 6174 2061 t the bytes at a\n+0002fa20: 6e20 6f66 6673 6574 2064 6966 6665 722c n offset differ,\n+0002fa30: 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 then. print\n+0002fa40: 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 206c 696b 6520 the bytes like \n+0002fa50: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n+0002fa60: 2044 6966 6665 7220 6174 2074 6865 206f Differ at the o\n+0002fa70: 6666 7365 7420 3737 373a 2030 7862 6520 ffset 777: 0xbe \n+0002fa80: 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7865 6620 5b62 6172 [foo], 0xef [bar\n+0002fa90: 5d0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e ]....File: grub.\n+0002faa0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e info, Node: con\n+0002fab0: 6669 6766 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 figfile, Next: \n+0002fac0: 6370 7569 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d cpuid, Prev: cm\n+0002fad0: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d p, Up: Command-\n+0002fae0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0002faf0: 372e 342e 3135 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 7.4.15 configfil\n+0002fb00: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n+0002fb10: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002fb20: 643a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 6669 d: configfile fi\n+0002fb30: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2046 494c le. Load FIL\n+0002fb40: 4520 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 E as a configura\n+0002fb50: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 2020 4966 2046 tion file. If F\n+0002fb60: 494c 4520 6465 6669 6e65 7320 616e 7920 ILE defines any \n+0002fb70: 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 6965 menu. entrie\n+0002fb80: 732c 2074 6865 6e20 7368 6f77 2061 206d s, then show a m\n+0002fb90: 656e 7520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 enu containing t\n+0002fba0: 6865 6d20 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e hem immediately.\n+0002fbb0: 2020 416e 790a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 Any. envir\n+0002fbc0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+0002fbd0: 6368 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 2062 7920 changes made by \n+0002fbe0: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 the commands in \n+0002fbf0: 4649 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 740a 2020 FILE will not. \n+0002fc00: 2020 2062 6520 7072 6573 6572 7665 6420 be preserved \n+0002fc10: 6166 7465 7220 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 after ...configf\n+0002fc20: 696c 65e2 8099 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2e0a ile... returns..\n+0002fc30: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002fc40: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7075 6964 fo, Node: cpuid\n+0002fc50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7263 2c20 2050 , Next: crc, P\n+0002fc60: 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c rev: configfile,\n+0002fc70: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002fc80: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002fc90: 342e 3136 2063 7075 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.16 cpuid.-----\n+0002fca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002fcb0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7075 6964 205b 2d6c mmand: cpuid [-l\n+0002fcc0: 5d20 5b2d 705d 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 ] [-p]. Chec\n+0002fcd0: 6b20 666f 7220 4350 5520 6665 6174 7572 k for CPU featur\n+0002fce0: 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e es. This comman\n+0002fcf0: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 d is only availa\n+0002fd00: 626c 6520 6f6e 2078 3836 0a20 2020 2020 ble on x86. \n+0002fd10: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 systems... W\n+0002fd20: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 ith the ...-l...\n+0002fd30: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 option, return \n+0002fd40: 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 true if the CPU \n+0002fd50: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 206c 6f6e 6720 6d6f supports long mo\n+0002fd60: 6465 0a20 2020 2020 2836 342d 6269 7429 de. (64-bit)\n+0002fd70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 ... With the\n+0002fd80: 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-p... option\n+0002fd90: 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 , return true if\n+0002fda0: 2074 6865 2043 5055 2073 7570 706f 7274 the CPU support\n+0002fdb0: 7320 5068 7973 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 s Physical. \n+0002fdc0: 4164 6472 6573 7320 4578 7465 6e73 696f Address Extensio\n+0002fdd0: 6e20 2850 4145 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 n (PAE)... I\n+0002fde0: 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 6f75 f invoked withou\n+0002fdf0: 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6869 7320 t options, this \n+0002fe00: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c command currentl\n+0002fe10: 7920 6265 6861 7665 7320 6173 2069 6620 y behaves as if \n+0002fe20: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6420 6265 656e it. had been\n+0002fe30: 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 invoked with ..\n+0002fe40: 982d 6ce2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 .-l.... This ma\n+0002fe50: 7920 6368 616e 6765 2069 6e20 7468 6520 y change in the \n+0002fe60: 6675 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a future.....File:\n+0002fe70: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002fe80: 653a 2063 7263 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 e: crc, Next: c\n+0002fe90: 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 ryptomount, Pre\n+0002fea0: 763a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2055 703a 2043 v: cpuid, Up: C\n+0002feb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0002fec0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3720 6372 ands..17.4.17 cr\n+0002fed0: 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 c.-----------.. \n+0002fee0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6372 6320 -- Command: crc \n+0002fef0: 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 arg .... Ali\n+0002ff00: 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 as for ...hashsu\n+0002ff10: 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2063 7263 3332 2061 m --hash crc32 a\n+0002ff20: 7267 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 rg ....... See \n+0002ff30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 command ...hashs\n+0002ff40: 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 um.... (*not\n+0002ff50: 6520 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 e hashsum::) for\n+0002ff60: 2066 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f full descriptio\n+0002ff70: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+0002ff80: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 .info, Node: cr\n+0002ff90: 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 yptomount, Next\n+0002ffa0: 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a : cutmem, Prev:\n+0002ffb0: 2063 7263 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 crc, Up: Comma\n+0002ffc0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0002ffd0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3820 6372 7970 746f ..17.4.18 crypto\n+0002ffe0: 6d6f 756e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mount.----------\n+0002fff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00030000: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f ommand: cryptomo\n+00030010: 756e 7420 5b20 5b2d 7020 7061 7373 776f unt [ [-p passwo\n+00030020: 7264 5d20 7c20 5b2d 6b20 6b65 7966 696c rd] | [-k keyfil\n+00030030: 6520 5b2d 4f20 6b65 796f 6666 7365 745d e [-O keyoffset]\n+00030040: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d53 206b . [-S k\n+00030050: 6579 7369 7a65 5d20 5d20 5d20 5b2d 4820 eysize] ] ] [-H \n+00030060: 6669 6c65 5d20 6465 7669 6365 7c2d 7520 file] device|-u \n+00030070: 7575 6964 7c2d 617c 2d62 0a20 2020 2020 uuid|-a|-b. \n+00030080: 5365 7475 7020 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 Setup access to \n+00030090: 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 encrypted device\n+000300a0: 2e20 2041 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 . A passphrase \n+000300b0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 will be requeste\n+000300c0: 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 d. interacti\n+000300d0: 7665 6c79 2c20 6966 206e 6569 7468 6572 vely, if neither\n+000300e0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6e6f the ...-p... no\n+000300f0: 7220 e280 982d 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f r ...-k... optio\n+00030100: 6e73 2061 7265 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2054 ns are given. T\n+00030110: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 he. option .\n+00030120: 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 ..-p... can be u\n+00030130: 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706c 7920 6120 sed to supply a \n+00030140: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2028 7573 6566 passphrase (usef\n+00030150: 756c 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7363 7269 ul for. scri\n+00030160: 7074 7329 2e20 2041 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 pts). Alternati\n+00030170: 7665 6c79 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 vely the ...-k..\n+00030180: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 . option can be \n+00030190: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2061 used to supply a\n+000301a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7769 . keyfile wi\n+000301b0: 7468 206f 7074 696f 6e73 20e2 8098 2d4f th options ...-O\n+000301c0: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d 53e2 8099 ... and ...-S...\n+000301d0: 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7375 7070 optionally supp\n+000301e0: 6c79 696e 6720 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 lying the offset\n+000301f0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7369 7a65 2c20 . and size, \n+00030200: 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 6f66 respectively, of\n+00030210: 2074 6865 206b 6579 2064 6174 6120 696e the key data in\n+00030220: 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 206b 6579 2066 the given key f\n+00030230: 696c 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 ile. The. .\n+00030240: 8098 2d48 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 ..-H... options \n+00030250: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 can be used to s\n+00030260: 7570 706c 7920 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e upply cryptomoun\n+00030270: 7420 6261 636b 656e 6473 2077 6974 6820 t backends with \n+00030280: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 616c 7465 726e 6174 an. alternat\n+00030290: 6976 6520 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6520 ive header file \n+000302a0: 2861 6b61 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 6865 (aka detached he\n+000302b0: 6164 6572 292e 2020 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 ader). Not all \n+000302c0: 6261 636b 656e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 6861 backends. ha\n+000302d0: 7665 2068 6561 6465 7273 206e 6f72 2073 ve headers nor s\n+000302e0: 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 upport alternati\n+000302f0: 7665 2068 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 7320 ve header files \n+00030300: 2863 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 790a (currently only.\n+00030310: 2020 2020 204c 554b 5331 2061 6e64 204c LUKS1 and L\n+00030320: 554b 5332 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 6865 UKS2 support the\n+00030330: 6d29 2e20 2041 7267 756d 656e 7420 4445 m). Argument DE\n+00030340: 5649 4345 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 VICE configures \n+00030350: 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a20 2020 2020 6772 specific. gr\n+00030360: 7562 2064 6576 6963 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 ub device (*note\n+00030370: 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 Naming conventi\n+00030380: 6f6e 3a3a 293b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 on::); option ..\n+00030390: 982d 75e2 8099 2055 5549 440a 2020 2020 .-u... UUID. \n+000303a0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 6465 7669 configures devi\n+000303b0: 6365 2077 6974 6820 7370 6563 6966 6965 ce with specifie\n+000303c0: 6420 5555 4944 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 d UUID; option .\n+000303d0: 8098 2d61 e280 9920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ..-a... configur\n+000303e0: 6573 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7465 es all. dete\n+000303f0: 6374 6564 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 cted encrypted d\n+00030400: 6576 6963 6573 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 evices; option .\n+00030410: 8098 2d62 e280 9920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ..-b... configur\n+00030420: 6573 2061 6c6c 2067 656c 690a 2020 2020 es all geli. \n+00030430: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 7320 7468 6174 containers that\n+00030440: 2068 6176 6520 626f 6f74 2066 6c61 6720 have boot flag \n+00030450: 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2044 6576 6963 set... Devic\n+00030460: 6573 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 es are not allow\n+00030470: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 ed to be given a\n+00030480: 7320 6b65 7920 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7220 s key files nor \n+00030490: 6173 2064 6574 6163 6865 640a 2020 2020 as detached. \n+000304a0: 2068 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 732e 2020 header files. \n+000304b0: 486f 7765 7665 722c 2074 6869 7320 6c69 However, this li\n+000304c0: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 mitation can be \n+000304d0: 776f 726b 6564 2061 726f 756e 6420 6279 worked around by\n+000304e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7573 696e 6720 626c 6f63 . using bloc\n+000304f0: 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2e20 2053 klist syntax. S\n+00030500: 6f20 666f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 o for instance, \n+00030510: e280 9828 6864 312c 6770 7432 29e2 8099 ...(hd1,gpt2)...\n+00030520: 2063 616e 206e 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 can not be. \n+00030530: 2075 7365 642c 2062 7574 20e2 8098 2868 used, but ...(h\n+00030540: 6431 2c67 7074 3229 302b e280 9920 7769 d1,gpt2)0+... wi\n+00030550: 6c6c 2061 6368 6965 7665 2074 6865 2064 ll achieve the d\n+00030560: 6573 6972 6564 2072 6573 756c 742e 0a0a esired result...\n+00030570: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 7375 706f 7274 GRUB suport\n+00030580: 7320 6465 7669 6365 7320 656e 6372 7970 s devices encryp\n+00030590: 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 4c55 4b53 2c20 ted using LUKS, \n+000305a0: 4c55 4b53 3220 616e 6420 6765 6c69 2e20 LUKS2 and geli. \n+000305b0: 204e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 Note. that \n+000305c0: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 necessary module\n+000305d0: 7320 284c 554b 532c 204c 554b 5332 2061 s (LUKS, LUKS2 a\n+000305e0: 6e64 2047 454c 4929 2068 6176 6520 746f nd GELI) have to\n+000305f0: 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 0a20 2020 2020 be loaded. \n+00030600: 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2062 6566 6f72 6520 manually before \n+00030610: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 616e this command can\n+00030620: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 204c be used. For L\n+00030630: 554b 5332 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 650a 2020 UKS2 only the. \n+00030640: 2020 2050 424b 4446 3220 6b65 7920 6465 PBKDF2 key de\n+00030650: 7269 7661 7469 6f6e 2066 756e 6374 696f rivation functio\n+00030660: 6e20 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 n is supported, \n+00030670: 6173 2041 7267 6f6e 3220 6973 206e 6f74 as Argon2 is not\n+00030680: 2079 6574 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 yet. suppor\n+00030690: 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7563 6365 ted... Succe\n+000306a0: 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6465 6372 7970 7465 ssfully decrypte\n+000306b0: 6420 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6e61 6d65 d disks are name\n+000306c0: 6420 6173 2028 6372 7970 746f 5829 2061 d as (cryptoX) a\n+000306d0: 6e64 2068 6176 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e63 nd have. inc\n+000306e0: 7265 6173 696e 6720 6e75 6d65 7261 7469 reasing numerati\n+000306f0: 6f6e 2073 7566 6669 7820 666f 7220 6561 on suffix for ea\n+00030700: 6368 206e 6577 2064 6563 7279 7074 6564 ch new decrypted\n+00030710: 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 disk. If the. \n+00030720: 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 encrypted di\n+00030730: 736b 2068 6f73 7473 2073 6f6d 6520 6869 sk hosts some hi\n+00030740: 6768 6572 206c 6576 656c 206f 6620 6162 gher level of ab\n+00030750: 7374 7261 6374 696f 6e20 286c 696b 6520 straction (like \n+00030760: 4c56 4d32 206f 720a 2020 2020 204d 4452 LVM2 or. MDR\n+00030770: 4149 4429 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 AID) it will be \n+00030780: 6372 6561 7465 6420 756e 6465 7220 6120 created under a \n+00030790: 7365 7061 7261 7465 2064 6576 6963 6520 separate device \n+000307a0: 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 6520 696e 0a20 2020 namespace in. \n+000307b0: 2020 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 addition to th\n+000307c0: 6520 6372 7970 746f 6469 736b 206e 616d e cryptodisk nam\n+000307d0: 6573 7061 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5375 espace... Su\n+000307e0: 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 706c 6169 6e20 pport for plain \n+000307f0: 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 6520 encryption mode \n+00030800: 2870 6c61 696e 2064 6d2d 6372 7970 7429 (plain dm-crypt)\n+00030810: 2069 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2076 6961 is provided via\n+00030820: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7061 7261 7465 20e2 . separate .\n+00030830: 8098 2a6e 6f74 6520 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 ..*note plainmou\n+00030840: 6e74 3a3a e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e nt::... command.\n+00030850: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00030860: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6375 746d nfo, Node: cutm\n+00030870: 656d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6174 652c em, Next: date,\n+00030880: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f Prev: cryptomo\n+00030890: 756e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e unt, Up: Comman\n+000308a0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+000308b0: 0a31 372e 342e 3139 2063 7574 6d65 6d0a .17.4.19 cutmem.\n+000308c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+000308d0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7574 -- Command: cut\n+000308e0: 6d65 6d20 6672 6f6d 5b4b 7c4d 7c47 5d20 mem from[K|M|G] \n+000308f0: 746f 5b4b 7c4d 7c47 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 to[K|M|G]. R\n+00030900: 656d 6f76 6520 616e 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 emove any memory\n+00030910: 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 7370 6563 regions in spec\n+00030920: 6966 6965 6420 7261 6e67 652e 0a0a 2020 ified range... \n+00030930: 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 This command \n+00030940: 6e6f 7469 6669 6573 2074 6865 206d 656d notifies the mem\n+00030950: 6f72 7920 6d61 6e61 6765 7220 7468 6174 ory manager that\n+00030960: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f specified regio\n+00030970: 6e73 206f 660a 2020 2020 2052 414d 206f ns of. RAM o\n+00030980: 7567 6874 2074 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 ught to be filte\n+00030990: 7265 6420 6f75 742e 2020 5468 6973 2072 red out. This r\n+000309a0: 656d 6169 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 emains in effect\n+000309b0: 2061 6674 6572 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 after a. pa\n+000309c0: 796c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2068 6173 yload kernel has\n+000309d0: 2062 6565 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 7920 been loaded by \n+000309e0: 4752 5542 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 GRUB, as long as\n+000309f0: 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 640a 2020 2020 the loaded. \n+00030a00: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f62 7461 696e 7320 kernel obtains \n+00030a10: 6974 7320 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2066 its memory map f\n+00030a20: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e20 4b65 726e 656c rom GRUB. Kernel\n+00030a30: 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 s that support t\n+00030a40: 6869 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 his. include\n+00030a50: 204c 696e 7578 2c20 474e 5520 4d61 6368 Linux, GNU Mach\n+00030a60: 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 , the kernel of \n+00030a70: 4672 6565 4253 4420 616e 6420 4d75 6c74 FreeBSD and Mult\n+00030a80: 6962 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 iboot. kerne\n+00030a90: 6c73 2069 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c2e 0a0a ls in general...\n+00030aa0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 The command\n+00030ab0: 2069 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 is similar to .\n+00030ac0: 8098 6261 6472 616d e280 9920 636f 6d6d ..badram... comm\n+00030ad0: 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a and... Note:\n+00030ae0: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 The command is \n+00030af0: 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e not allowed when\n+00030b00: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 lockdown is enf\n+00030b10: 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 orced (*note. \n+00030b20: 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 Lockdown::). \n+00030b30: 5468 6973 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7265 This prevents re\n+00030b40: 6d6f 7669 6e67 2045 4649 206d 656d 6f72 moving EFI memor\n+00030b50: 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 746f 0a20 2020 y regions to. \n+00030b60: 2020 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c6c 7920 7375 potentially su\n+00030b70: 6276 6572 7420 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 bvert the securi\n+00030b80: 7479 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 7320 7072 ty mechanisms pr\n+00030b90: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 5545 ovided by the UE\n+00030ba0: 4649 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6375 7265 2062 FI. secure b\n+00030bb0: 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 oot.....File: gr\n+00030bc0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00030bd0: 6461 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6576 date, Next: dev\n+00030be0: 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 icetree, Prev: \n+00030bf0: 6375 746d 656d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d cutmem, Up: Com\n+00030c00: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00030c10: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3020 6461 7465 ds..17.4.20 date\n+00030c20: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n+00030c30: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6461 7465 -- Command: date\n+00030c40: 205b 5b79 6561 722d 5d6d 6f6e 7468 2d64 [[year-]month-d\n+00030c50: 6179 5d20 5b68 6f75 723a 6d69 6e75 7465 ay] [hour:minute\n+00030c60: 5b3a 7365 636f 6e64 5d5d 0a20 2020 2020 [:second]]. \n+00030c70: 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 With no argument\n+00030c80: 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2063 7572 s, print the cur\n+00030c90: 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 rent date and ti\n+00030ca0: 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 me... Otherw\n+00030cb0: 6973 652c 2074 616b 6520 7468 6520 6375 ise, take the cu\n+00030cc0: 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 2074 rrent date and t\n+00030cd0: 696d 652c 2063 6861 6e67 6520 616e 7920 ime, change any \n+00030ce0: 656c 656d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7370 elements. sp\n+00030cf0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2061 7267 756d ecified as argum\n+00030d00: 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 ents, and set th\n+00030d10: 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2061 7320 7468 6520 e result as the \n+00030d20: 6e65 7720 6461 7465 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 new date and. \n+00030d30: 2020 7469 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 time. For exa\n+00030d40: 6d70 6c65 2c20 2764 6174 6520 3031 2d30 mple, 'date 01-0\n+00030d50: 3127 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 1' will set the \n+00030d60: 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d6f 6e74 6820 616e current month an\n+00030d70: 6420 6461 790a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 4a61 d day. to Ja\n+00030d80: 6e75 6172 7920 312c 2062 7574 206c 6561 nuary 1, but lea\n+00030d90: 7665 2074 6865 2079 6561 722c 2068 6f75 ve the year, hou\n+00030da0: 722c 206d 696e 7574 652c 2061 6e64 2073 r, minute, and s\n+00030db0: 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6861 econd. uncha\n+00030dc0: 6e67 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 nged.....File: g\n+00030dd0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00030de0: 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 4e65 devicetree, Ne\n+00030df0: 7874 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 2c20 2050 xt: distrust, P\n+00030e00: 7265 763a 2064 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: date, Up: \n+00030e10: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00030e20: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3231 2064 mands..17.4.21 d\n+00030e30: 6576 6963 6574 7265 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d evicetree.------\n+00030e40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00030e50: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6576 6963 - Command: devic\n+00030e60: 6574 7265 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 etree file. \n+00030e70: 4c6f 6164 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 7472 Load a device tr\n+00030e80: 6565 2062 6c6f 6220 282e 6474 6229 2066 ee blob (.dtb) f\n+00030e90: 726f 6d20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d rom a filesystem\n+00030ea0: 2c20 666f 7220 6c61 7465 7220 7573 6520 , for later use \n+00030eb0: 6279 0a20 2020 2020 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 by. a Linux \n+00030ec0: 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 2044 6f65 7320 6e6f kernel. Does no\n+00030ed0: 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 6d65 7267 696e t perform mergin\n+00030ee0: 6720 7769 7468 2061 6e79 2064 6576 6963 g with any devic\n+00030ef0: 6520 7472 6565 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 e tree. supp\n+00030f00: 6c69 6564 2062 7920 6669 726d 7761 7265 lied by firmware\n+00030f10: 2c20 6275 7420 7261 7468 6572 2072 6570 , but rather rep\n+00030f20: 6c61 6365 7320 6974 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 laces it complet\n+00030f30: 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a ely... Note:\n+00030f40: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 The command is \n+00030f50: 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e not allowed when\n+00030f60: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 lockdown is enf\n+00030f70: 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 orced (*note. \n+00030f80: 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 Lockdown::). \n+00030f90: 5468 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 This is done to \n+00030fa0: 7072 6576 656e 7420 7375 6276 6572 7469 prevent subverti\n+00030fb0: 6e67 2076 6172 696f 7573 2073 6563 7572 ng various secur\n+00030fc0: 6974 790a 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 ity. mechani\n+00030fd0: 736d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 sms.....File: gr\n+00030fe0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00030ff0: 6469 7374 7275 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a distrust, Next:\n+00031000: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 drivemap, Prev\n+00031010: 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2055 : devicetree, U\n+00031020: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00031030: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n+00031040: 3220 6469 7374 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2 distrust.-----\n+00031050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00031060: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6469 7374 7275 Command: distru\n+00031070: 7374 2070 7562 6b65 795f 6964 0a20 2020 st pubkey_id. \n+00031080: 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2070 7562 6c69 6320 Remove public \n+00031090: 6b65 7920 5055 424b 4559 5f49 4420 6672 key PUBKEY_ID fr\n+000310a0: 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 7320 6b65 7972 696e om GRUB's keyrin\n+000310b0: 6720 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 g of trusted key\n+000310c0: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5055 424b 4559 5f49 s.. PUBKEY_I\n+000310d0: 4420 6973 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 666f D is the last fo\n+000310e0: 7572 2062 7974 6573 2028 6569 6768 7420 ur bytes (eight \n+000310f0: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 hexadecimal digi\n+00031100: 7473 2920 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ts) of the. \n+00031110: 4750 4720 7634 206b 6579 2069 642c 2077 GPG v4 key id, w\n+00031120: 6869 6368 2069 7320 616c 736f 2074 6865 hich is also the\n+00031130: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 6c69 output of ...li\n+00031140: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 e280 9920 282a st_trusted... (*\n+00031150: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f74 note. list_t\n+00031160: 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 4f75 7473 rusted::). Outs\n+00031170: 6964 6520 6f66 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 ide of GRUB, the\n+00031180: 206b 6579 2069 6420 6361 6e20 6265 206f key id can be o\n+00031190: 6274 6169 6e65 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 btained using. \n+000311a0: 2020 20e2 8098 6770 6720 2d2d 6669 6e67 ...gpg --fing\n+000311b0: 6572 7072 696e 74e2 8099 292e 2020 5468 erprint...). Th\n+000311c0: 6573 6520 6b65 7973 2061 7265 2075 7365 ese keys are use\n+000311d0: 6420 746f 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 7369 d to validate si\n+000311e0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7768 gnatures. wh\n+000311f0: 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 en environment v\n+00031200: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b ariable ...check\n+00031210: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 _signatures... i\n+00031220: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f s set to ...enfo\n+00031230: 7263 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f rce.... (*no\n+00031240: 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 te check_signatu\n+00031250: 7265 733a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2073 res::), and by s\n+00031260: 6f6d 6520 696e 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 ome invocations \n+00031270: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9876 6572 6966 of. ...verif\n+00031280: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 e280 9920 282a y_detached... (*\n+00031290: 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 note verify_deta\n+000312a0: 6368 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 ched::). *Note \n+000312b0: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 2020 Using digital. \n+000312c0: 2020 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c signatures::,\n+000312d0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d for more inform\n+000312e0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ation.....File: \n+000312f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00031300: 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 : drivemap, Nex\n+00031310: 743a 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: echo, Prev: \n+00031320: 6469 7374 7275 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 distrust, Up: C\n+00031330: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00031340: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3320 6472 ands..17.4.23 dr\n+00031350: 6976 656d 6170 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ivemap.---------\n+00031360: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00031370: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d mand: drivemap -\n+00031380: 6c7c 2d72 7c5b 2d73 5d20 6672 6f6d 5f64 l|-r|[-s] from_d\n+00031390: 7269 7665 2074 6f5f 6472 6976 650a 2020 rive to_drive. \n+000313a0: 2020 2057 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f Without optio\n+000313b0: 6e73 2c20 6d61 7020 7468 6520 6472 6976 ns, map the driv\n+000313c0: 6520 4652 4f4d 5f44 5249 5645 2074 6f20 e FROM_DRIVE to \n+000313d0: 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 544f 5f44 5249 the drive TO_DRI\n+000313e0: 5645 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6973 VE.. This is\n+000313f0: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2077 6865 6e20 necessary when \n+00031400: 796f 7520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2073 you chain-load s\n+00031410: 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 ome operating sy\n+00031420: 7374 656d 732c 2073 7563 680a 2020 2020 stems, such. \n+00031430: 2061 7320 444f 532c 2069 6620 7375 6368 as DOS, if such\n+00031440: 2061 6e20 4f53 2072 6573 6964 6573 2061 an OS resides a\n+00031450: 7420 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6472 t a non-first dr\n+00031460: 6976 652e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2063 ive. For. c\n+00031470: 6f6e 7665 6e69 656e 6365 2c20 616e 7920 onvenience, any \n+00031480: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7375 6666 6978 partition suffix\n+00031490: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6973 on the drive is\n+000314a0: 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 ignored, so you\n+000314b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6e20 7361 6665 6c79 . can safely\n+000314c0: 2075 7365 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2061 7320 use ${root} as \n+000314d0: 6120 6472 6976 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 a drive specific\n+000314e0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 ation... Wit\n+000314f0: 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 73e2 8099 206f h the ...-s... o\n+00031500: 7074 696f 6e2c 2070 6572 666f 726d 2074 ption, perform t\n+00031510: 6865 2072 6576 6572 7365 206d 6170 7069 he reverse mappi\n+00031520: 6e67 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2c20 7377 6170 ng as well, swap\n+00031530: 7069 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7477 ping. the tw\n+00031540: 6f20 6472 6976 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 o drives... \n+00031550: 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 With the ...-l..\n+00031560: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 . option, list t\n+00031570: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206d 6170 7069 he current mappi\n+00031580: 6e67 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 ngs... With \n+00031590: 7468 6520 e280 982d 72e2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-r... opt\n+000315a0: 696f 6e2c 2072 6573 6574 2061 6c6c 206d ion, reset all m\n+000315b0: 6170 7069 6e67 7320 746f 2074 6865 2064 appings to the d\n+000315c0: 6566 6175 6c74 2076 616c 7565 732e 0a0a efault values...\n+000315d0: 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 For example\n+000315e0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7269 :.. dri\n+000315f0: 7665 6d61 7020 2d73 2028 6864 3029 2028 vemap -s (hd0) (\n+00031600: 6864 3129 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 4f54 453a hd1).. NOTE:\n+00031610: 204f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 Only available \n+00031620: 6f6e 2069 3338 362d 7063 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 on i386-pc.....F\n+00031630: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00031640: 204e 6f64 653a 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 4e65 Node: echo, Ne\n+00031650: 7874 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652c xt: efitextmode,\n+00031660: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 Prev: drivemap\n+00031670: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00031680: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00031690: 2e34 2e32 3420 6563 686f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.24 echo.-----\n+000316a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+000316b0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6563 686f 205b 2d6e 5d20 mand: echo [-n] \n+000316c0: 5b2d 655d 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a [-e] string ....\n+000316d0: 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 Display the\n+000316e0: 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2074 6578 7420 requested text \n+000316f0: 616e 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 6520 and, unless the \n+00031700: e280 982d 6ee2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ...-n... option \n+00031710: 6973 2075 7365 642c 2061 0a20 2020 2020 is used, a. \n+00031720: 7472 6169 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 206c 696e trailing new lin\n+00031730: 652e 2020 4966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 e. If there is \n+00031740: 6d6f 7265 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 7374 more than one st\n+00031750: 7269 6e67 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 ring, they are. \n+00031760: 2020 2020 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 separated by\n+00031770: 2073 7061 6365 7320 696e 2074 6865 206f spaces in the o\n+00031780: 7574 7075 742e 2020 4173 2075 7375 616c utput. As usual\n+00031790: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 in GRUB command\n+000317a0: 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 s,. variable\n+000317b0: 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7562 7374 6974 s may be substit\n+000317c0: 7574 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 247b uted using ...${\n+000317d0: 7661 727d e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 var}...... T\n+000317e0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 he ...-e... opti\n+000317f0: 6f6e 2065 6e61 626c 6573 2069 6e74 6572 on enables inter\n+00031800: 7072 6574 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2062 6163 pretation of bac\n+00031810: 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 7363 6170 6573 2e20 kslash escapes. \n+00031820: 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 The. follow\n+00031830: 696e 6720 7365 7175 656e 6365 7320 6172 ing sequences ar\n+00031840: 6520 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 3a0a 0a20 e recognised:.. \n+00031850: 2020 2020 e280 985c 5ce2 8099 0a20 2020 ...\\\\.... \n+00031860: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 backslash\n+00031870: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c61 e280 990a .. ...\\a....\n+00031880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616c 6572 7420 alert \n+00031890: 2842 454c 290a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c (BEL).. ...\\\n+000318a0: 63e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 c.... s\n+000318b0: 7570 7072 6573 7320 7472 6169 6c69 6e67 uppress trailing\n+000318c0: 206e 6577 206c 696e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 new line.. \n+000318d0: e280 985c 66e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ...\\f.... \n+000318e0: 2020 2066 6f72 6d20 6665 6564 0a0a 2020 form feed.. \n+000318f0: 2020 20e2 8098 5c6e e280 990a 2020 2020 ...\\n.... \n+00031900: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a new line..\n+00031910: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c72 e280 990a 2020 ...\\r.... \n+00031920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6361 7272 6961 6765 carriage\n+00031930: 2072 6574 7572 6e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 return.. ..\n+00031940: 985c 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .\\t.... \n+00031950: 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 7461 620a horizontal tab.\n+00031960: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 76e2 8099 0a20 . ...\\v.... \n+00031970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 6572 7469 6361 vertica\n+00031980: 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e l tab.. When\n+00031990: 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 696e 6720 6261 interpreting ba\n+000319a0: 636b 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 7065 732c ckslash escapes,\n+000319b0: 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2066 6f6c 6c6f backslash follo\n+000319c0: 7765 6420 6279 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 wed by any. \n+000319d0: 6f74 6865 7220 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 other character \n+000319e0: 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6861 7420 will print that \n+000319f0: 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 character.....Fi\n+00031a00: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00031a10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 Node: efitextmod\n+00031a20: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 e, Next: eval, \n+00031a30: 2050 7265 763a 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 5570 Prev: echo, Up\n+00031a40: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00031a50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3235 ommands..17.4.25\n+00031a60: 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d efitextmode.---\n+00031a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00031a80: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 .. -- Command: e\n+00031a90: 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 205b 6d69 6e20 fitextmode [min \n+00031aa0: 7c20 6d61 7820 7c20 3c6d 6f64 655f 6e75 | max | | ]. When us\n+00031ad0: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d ed with no argum\n+00031ae0: 656e 7473 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 616c ents displays al\n+00031af0: 6c20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7465 7874 l available text\n+00031b00: 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 output. mod\n+00031b10: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6574 206d 6f64 es. The set mod\n+00031b20: 6520 6465 7465 726d 696e 6573 2074 6865 e determines the\n+00031b30: 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 columns and row\n+00031b40: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 740a 2020 s of the text. \n+00031b50: 2020 2064 6973 706c 6179 2077 6865 6e20 display when \n+00031b60: 696e 2074 6578 7420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2041 in text mode. A\n+00031b70: 6e20 6173 7465 7269 736b 2c20 e280 982a n asterisk, ...*\n+00031b80: e280 992c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 7420 ..., will be at \n+00031b90: 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 the end of. \n+00031ba0: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 the line of the \n+00031bb0: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7365 7420 6d6f currently set mo\n+00031bc0: 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 6976 de... If giv\n+00031bd0: 656e 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 7061 7261 en a single para\n+00031be0: 6d65 7465 722c 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 meter, it must b\n+00031bf0: 6520 e280 986d 696e e280 992c 20e2 8098 e ...min..., ...\n+00031c00: 6d61 78e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 max..., or a mod\n+00031c10: 650a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 6769 e. number gi\n+00031c20: 7665 6e20 6279 2074 6865 206c 6973 7469 ven by the listi\n+00031c30: 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 7275 6e20 7769 7468 ng when run with\n+00031c40: 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732e 2020 no arguments. \n+00031c50: 5468 6573 650a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d These. argum\n+00031c60: 656e 7473 2073 6574 2074 6865 206d 6f64 ents set the mod\n+00031c70: 6520 746f 2074 6865 206d 696e 696d 756d e to the minimum\n+00031c80: 2c20 6d61 7869 6d75 6d2c 2061 6e64 2070 , maximum, and p\n+00031c90: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 0a20 articular mode. \n+00031ca0: 2020 2020 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 respectively\n+00031cb0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 ... Otherwis\n+00031cc0: 652c 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206d e, the command m\n+00031cd0: 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 2074 776f ust be given two\n+00031ce0: 206e 756d 6572 6963 616c 2061 7267 756d numerical argum\n+00031cf0: 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 ents. specif\n+00031d00: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 ying the columns\n+00031d10: 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2074 6865 and rows of the\n+00031d20: 2064 6573 6972 6564 206d 6f64 652e 2020 desired mode. \n+00031d30: 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 Specifying a. \n+00031d40: 2020 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f columns and ro\n+00031d50: 7773 2063 6f6d 6269 6e61 7469 6f6e 2074 ws combination t\n+00031d60: 6861 7420 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 hat corresponds \n+00031d70: 746f 206e 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 to no supported \n+00031d80: 6d6f 6465 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 mode,. will \n+00031d90: 7265 7475 726e 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 6275 return error, bu\n+00031da0: 7420 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6861 7665 t otherwise have\n+00031db0: 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 no effect... \n+00031dc0: 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2047 5255 By default GRU\n+00031dd0: 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 7461 7274 2069 6e20 B will start in \n+00031de0: 7768 6174 6576 6572 206d 6f64 6520 7468 whatever mode th\n+00031df0: 6520 4546 4920 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a20 e EFI firmware. \n+00031e00: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f2e defaults to.\n+00031e10: 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6669 726d There are firm\n+00031e20: 7761 7265 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2073 wares known to s\n+00031e30: 6574 2075 7020 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c et up the defaul\n+00031e40: 7420 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 t mode. such\n+00031e50: 2074 6861 7420 6f75 7470 7574 2062 6568 that output beh\n+00031e60: 6176 6573 2073 7472 616e 6765 6c79 2c20 aves strangely, \n+00031e70: 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 7468 6520 for example the \n+00031e80: 6375 7273 6f72 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 cursor in the. \n+00031e90: 2020 2047 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 6e65 GRUB shell ne\n+00031ea0: 7665 7220 7265 6163 6865 7320 7468 6520 ver reaches the \n+00031eb0: 626f 7474 6f6d 206f 6620 7468 6520 7363 bottom of the sc\n+00031ec0: 7265 656e 206f 722c 2077 6865 6e20 7479 reen or, when ty\n+00031ed0: 7069 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6172 6163 ping. charac\n+00031ee0: 7465 7273 2061 7420 7468 6520 7072 6f6d ters at the prom\n+00031ef0: 7074 2c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2066 pt, characters f\n+00031f00: 726f 6d20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2063 6f6d rom previous com\n+00031f10: 6d61 6e64 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 mand output. \n+00031f20: 2061 7265 206f 7665 7277 7269 7474 656e are overwritten\n+00031f30: 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 206d . Setting the m\n+00031f40: 6f64 6520 6d61 7920 6669 7820 7468 6973 ode may fix this\n+00031f50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 4546 4920 ... The EFI \n+00031f60: 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7361 specification sa\n+00031f70: 7973 2074 6861 7420 6d6f 6465 2030 206d ys that mode 0 m\n+00031f80: 7573 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ust be available\n+00031f90: 2061 6e64 2068 6176 650a 2020 2020 2063 and have. c\n+00031fa0: 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 olumns and rows \n+00031fb0: 6f66 2038 3020 616e 6420 3235 2072 6573 of 80 and 25 res\n+00031fc0: 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 2020 4d6f 6465 pectively. Mode\n+00031fd0: 2031 206d 6179 2062 6520 6465 6669 6e65 1 may be define\n+00031fe0: 640a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2069 6620 736f d. and if so\n+00031ff0: 206d 7573 7420 6861 7665 2063 6f6c 756d must have colum\n+00032000: 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2038 ns and rows of 8\n+00032010: 3020 616e 6420 3530 2072 6573 7065 6374 0 and 50 respect\n+00032020: 6976 656c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 416e 7920 ively.. Any \n+00032030: 6f74 6865 7220 6d6f 6465 7320 6d61 7920 other modes may \n+00032040: 6861 7665 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 have columns and\n+00032050: 2072 6f77 7320 6172 6269 7472 6172 696c rows arbitraril\n+00032060: 7920 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6279 0a20 2020 y defined by. \n+00032070: 2020 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 the firmware. \n+00032080: 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 This means that\n+00032090: 2061 206d 6f64 6520 7769 7468 2063 6f6c a mode with col\n+000320a0: 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 umns and rows of\n+000320b0: 2031 3030 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 3331 100. and 31\n+000320c0: 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 on one firmware\n+000320d0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6120 6469 6666 6572 may be a differ\n+000320e0: 656e 7420 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 ent mode number \n+000320f0: 6f6e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6666 6572 on a. differ\n+00032100: 656e 7420 6669 726d 7761 7265 206f 7220 ent firmware or \n+00032110: 6e6f 7420 6578 6973 7420 6174 2061 6c6c not exist at all\n+00032120: 2e20 204c 696b 6577 6973 652c 206d 6f64 . Likewise, mod\n+00032130: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2032 206f 6e0a 2020 e number 2 on. \n+00032140: 2020 206f 6e65 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 one firmware \n+00032150: 6d61 7920 6861 7665 2061 2064 6966 6665 may have a diffe\n+00032160: 7265 6e74 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 rent number of c\n+00032170: 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 olumns and rows \n+00032180: 7468 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 2032 than. mode 2\n+00032190: 206f 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 on a different \n+000321a0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2053 6f20 6f6e firmware. So on\n+000321b0: 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2072 656c e should not rel\n+000321c0: 7920 6f6e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 y on a. part\n+000321d0: 6963 756c 6172 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 icular mode numb\n+000321e0: 6572 206f 7220 6120 6d6f 6465 206f 6620 er or a mode of \n+000321f0: 6120 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 a certain number\n+00032200: 206f 6620 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 640a of columns and.\n+00032210: 2020 2020 2072 6f77 7320 6578 6973 7469 rows existi\n+00032220: 6e67 206f 6e20 616c 6c20 6669 726d 7761 ng on all firmwa\n+00032230: 7265 732c 2065 7863 6570 7420 666f 7220 res, except for \n+00032240: 6d6f 6465 2030 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f mode 0... No\n+00032250: 7465 3a20 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 te: This command\n+00032260: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n+00032270: 6c65 206f 6e20 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f le on EFI platfo\n+00032280: 726d 7320 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 rms and is. \n+00032290: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2045 4649 2073 similar to EFI s\n+000322a0: 6865 6c6c 2022 6d6f 6465 2220 636f 6d6d hell \"mode\" comm\n+000322b0: 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 and.....File: gr\n+000322c0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000322d0: 6576 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 7870 eval, Next: exp\n+000322e0: 6f72 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6566 6974 ort, Prev: efit\n+000322f0: 6578 746d 6f64 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f extmode, Up: Co\n+00032300: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00032310: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3236 2065 7661 nds..17.4.26 eva\n+00032320: 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a l.------------..\n+00032330: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 7661 -- Command: eva\n+00032340: 6c20 7374 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 l string .... \n+00032350: 2020 436f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6520 6172 Concatenate ar\n+00032360: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 746f 6765 7468 6572 guments together\n+00032370: 2075 7369 6e67 2073 696e 676c 6520 7370 using single sp\n+00032380: 6163 6520 6173 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 ace as separator\n+00032390: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6576 616c 7561 and. evalua\n+000323a0: 7465 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 2073 6571 te result as seq\n+000323b0: 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2047 5255 4220 636f uence of GRUB co\n+000323c0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mmands.....File:\n+000323d0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000323e0: 653a 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 4e65 7874 e: export, Next\n+000323f0: 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : false, Prev: \n+00032400: 6576 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 eval, Up: Comma\n+00032410: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00032420: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3720 6578 706f 7274 ..17.4.27 export\n+00032430: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+00032440: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6578 . -- Command: ex\n+00032450: 706f 7274 2065 6e76 7661 720a 2020 2020 port envvar. \n+00032460: 2045 7870 6f72 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 Export the envi\n+00032470: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00032480: 2045 4e56 5641 522e 2020 4578 706f 7274 ENVVAR. Export\n+00032490: 6564 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7265 ed variables are\n+000324a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 746f . visible to\n+000324b0: 2073 7562 7369 6469 6172 7920 636f 6e66 subsidiary conf\n+000324c0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 iguration files \n+000324d0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 loaded using. \n+000324e0: 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 ...configfile.\n+000324f0: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n+00032500: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 b.info, Node: f\n+00032510: 616c 7365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 7773 alse, Next: fws\n+00032520: 6574 7570 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 7870 etup, Prev: exp\n+00032530: 6f72 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ort, Up: Comman\n+00032540: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00032550: 0a31 372e 342e 3238 2066 616c 7365 0a2d .17.4.28 false.-\n+00032560: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00032570: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2066 616c 7365 - Command: false\n+00032580: 0a20 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 . Do nothing\n+00032590: 2c20 756e 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 , unsuccessfully\n+000325a0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c . This is mainl\n+000325b0: 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 y useful in cont\n+000325c0: 726f 6c0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 rol. constru\n+000325d0: 6374 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9869 cts such as ...i\n+000325e0: 66e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7768 696c f... and ...whil\n+000325f0: 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c e... (*note Shel\n+00032600: 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l-like scripting\n+00032610: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n+00032620: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00032630: 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 fwsetup, Next: \n+00032640: 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 gdbinfo, Prev: \n+00032650: 6661 6c73 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d false, Up: Comm\n+00032660: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00032670: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3239 2066 7773 6574 s..17.4.29 fwset\n+00032680: 7570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d up.-------------\n+00032690: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+000326a0: 2066 7773 6574 7570 205b 2d2d 6973 2d73 fwsetup [--is-s\n+000326b0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 upported]. R\n+000326c0: 6562 6f6f 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2066 eboot into the f\n+000326d0: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7365 7475 7020 6d65 irmware setup me\n+000326e0: 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 e280 982d 2d69 732d nu. If ...--is-\n+000326f0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 64e2 8099 206f 7074 supported... opt\n+00032700: 696f 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 ion is. spec\n+00032710: 6966 6965 642c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2063 ified, instead c\n+00032720: 6865 636b 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 6865 heck whether the\n+00032730: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 firmware suppor\n+00032740: 7473 2061 2073 6574 7570 206d 656e 750a ts a setup menu.\n+00032750: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2065 7869 7420 7375 and exit su\n+00032760: 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2069 6620 736f ccessfully if so\n+00032770: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00032780: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6462 info, Node: gdb\n+00032790: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6574 info, Next: get\n+000327a0: 7465 7874 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 7773 text, Prev: fws\n+000327b0: 6574 7570 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 etup, Up: Comma\n+000327c0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+000327d0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3020 6764 6269 6e66 ..17.4.30 gdbinf\n+000327e0: 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d o.--------------\n+000327f0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00032800: 6764 6269 6e66 6f0a 2020 2020 204f 7574 gdbinfo. Out\n+00032810: 7075 7420 7465 7874 2074 6f20 6265 2075 put text to be u\n+00032820: 7365 6420 6173 2061 2047 4442 2063 6f6d sed as a GDB com\n+00032830: 6d61 6e64 2066 6f72 2061 2047 4442 2073 mand for a GDB s\n+00032840: 6573 7369 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 ession using the\n+00032850: 0a20 2020 2020 6764 625f 6772 7562 2073 . gdb_grub s\n+00032860: 6372 6970 7420 616e 6420 6174 7461 6368 cript and attach\n+00032870: 6564 2074 6f20 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 ed to a running \n+00032880: 4752 5542 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652e 2020 GRUB instance. \n+00032890: 5468 6520 4744 420a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d The GDB. com\n+000328a0: 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 7420 6973 206f 7574 mand that is out\n+000328b0: 7075 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 656c 6c20 4744 put will tell GD\n+000328c0: 4220 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6465 B how to load de\n+000328d0: 6275 6767 696e 6720 7379 6d62 6f6c 730a bugging symbols.\n+000328e0: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7468 6569 7220 7072 to their pr\n+000328f0: 6f70 6572 2072 756e 7469 6d65 2061 6464 oper runtime add\n+00032900: 7265 7373 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 ress. Currently\n+00032910: 2074 6869 7320 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 this is only av\n+00032920: 6169 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 ailable. for\n+00032930: 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 EFI platforms. \n+00032940: 2053 6565 2074 6865 2044 6562 7567 6769 See the Debuggi\n+00032950: 6e67 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f ng in the develo\n+00032960: 7065 720a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e per. documen\n+00032970: 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 tation for more \n+00032980: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a information.....\n+00032990: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000329a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c Node: gettext,\n+000329b0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c Next: gptsync,\n+000329c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c Prev: gdbinfo,\n+000329d0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+000329e0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+000329f0: 342e 3331 2067 6574 7465 7874 0a2d 2d2d 4.31 gettext.---\n+00032a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00032a10: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 6574 7465 - Command: gette\n+00032a20: 7874 2073 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2054 xt string. T\n+00032a30: 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 2053 5452 494e 4720 ranslate STRING \n+00032a40: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 into the current\n+00032a50: 206c 616e 6775 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 language... \n+00032a60: 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c 616e The current lan\n+00032a70: 6775 6167 6520 636f 6465 2069 7320 7374 guage code is st\n+00032a80: 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 986c ored in the ...l\n+00032a90: 616e 67e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ang... variable \n+00032aa0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2773 2065 in. GRUB's e\n+00032ab0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2028 2a6e 6f74 nvironment (*not\n+00032ac0: 6520 6c61 6e67 3a3a 292e 2020 5472 616e e lang::). Tran\n+00032ad0: 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 696e slation files in\n+00032ae0: 204d 4f20 666f 726d 6174 0a20 2020 2020 MO format. \n+00032af0: 6172 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 e280 are read from ..\n+00032b00: 986c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 72e2 8099 2028 .locale_dir... (\n+00032b10: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 *note locale_dir\n+00032b20: 3a3a 292c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 ::), usually. \n+00032b30: 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f .../boot/grub/\n+00032b40: 6c6f 6361 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 locale........Fi\n+00032b50: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00032b60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 Node: gptsync, \n+00032b70: 4e65 7874 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 2050 7265 Next: halt, Pre\n+00032b80: 763a 2067 6574 7465 7874 2c20 2055 703a v: gettext, Up:\n+00032b90: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00032ba0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3220 mmands..17.4.32 \n+00032bb0: 6770 7473 796e 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gptsync.--------\n+00032bc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00032bd0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6770 7473 796e 6320 6465 mand: gptsync de\n+00032be0: 7669 6365 205b 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e5b vice [partition[\n+00032bf0: 2b2f 2d5b 7479 7065 5d5d 5d20 2e2e 2e0a +/-[type]]] ....\n+00032c00: 2020 2020 2044 6973 6b73 2075 7369 6e67 Disks using\n+00032c10: 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 5061 7274 6974 the GUID Partit\n+00032c20: 696f 6e20 5461 626c 6520 2847 5054 2920 ion Table (GPT) \n+00032c30: 616c 736f 2068 6176 6520 6120 6c65 6761 also have a lega\n+00032c40: 6379 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 7374 6572 2042 cy. Master B\n+00032c50: 6f6f 7420 5265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 oot Record (MBR)\n+00032c60: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 partition table\n+00032c70: 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 for compatibili\n+00032c80: 7479 2077 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 ty with the. \n+00032c90: 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 7769 7468 206f BIOS and with o\n+00032ca0: 6c64 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 lder operating s\n+00032cb0: 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6567 ystems. The leg\n+00032cc0: 6163 7920 4d42 5220 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 acy MBR can only\n+00032cd0: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 . represent \n+00032ce0: 6120 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 7375 6273 6574 a limited subset\n+00032cf0: 206f 6620 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f of GPT partitio\n+00032d00: 6e20 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 n entries... \n+00032d10: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 706f This command po\n+00032d20: 7075 6c61 7465 7320 7468 6520 6c65 6761 pulates the lega\n+00032d30: 6379 204d 4252 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 cy MBR with the \n+00032d40: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 5041 5254 4954 specified PARTIT\n+00032d50: 494f 4e0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 ION. entries\n+00032d60: 206f 6e20 4445 5649 4345 2e20 2055 7020 on DEVICE. Up \n+00032d70: 746f 2074 6872 6565 2070 6172 7469 7469 to three partiti\n+00032d80: 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 642e ons may be used.\n+00032d90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 5950 4520 6973 2061 .. TYPE is a\n+00032da0: 6e20 4d42 5220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 n MBR partition \n+00032db0: 7479 7065 2063 6f64 653b 2070 7265 6669 type code; prefi\n+00032dc0: 7820 7769 7468 20e2 8098 3078 e280 9920 x with ...0x... \n+00032dd0: 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a20 if you want to. \n+00032de0: 2020 2020 656e 7465 7220 7468 6973 2069 enter this i\n+00032df0: 6e20 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 n hexadecimal. \n+00032e00: 5468 6520 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 6265 The separator be\n+00032e10: 7477 6565 6e20 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e20 tween PARTITION \n+00032e20: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2054 5950 4520 6d61 and. TYPE ma\n+00032e30: 7920 6265 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 2074 6f20 y be ...+... to \n+00032e40: 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 make the partiti\n+00032e50: 6f6e 2061 6374 6976 652c 206f 7220 e280 on active, or ..\n+00032e60: 982d e280 9920 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 .-... to make it\n+00032e70: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6163 7469 7665 3b20 . inactive; \n+00032e80: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 2070 6172 7469 7469 only one partiti\n+00032e90: 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 6163 7469 7665 on may be active\n+00032ea0: 2e20 2049 6620 626f 7468 2074 6865 2073 . If both the s\n+00032eb0: 6570 6172 6174 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 616e eparator. an\n+00032ec0: 6420 7479 7065 2061 7265 206f 6d69 7474 d type are omitt\n+00032ed0: 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2070 6172 ed, then the par\n+00032ee0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 tition will be i\n+00032ef0: 6e61 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nactive.....File\n+00032f00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00032f10: 6465 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: halt, Next:\n+00032f20: 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a hashsum, Prev:\n+00032f30: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 2055 703a 2043 gptsync, Up: C\n+00032f40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00032f50: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3320 6861 ands..17.4.33 ha\n+00032f60: 6c74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a lt.------------.\n+00032f70: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6861 . -- Command: ha\n+00032f80: 6c74 205b 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d 5d0a 2020 lt [--no-apm]. \n+00032f90: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2068 The command h\n+00032fa0: 616c 7473 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 alts the compute\n+00032fb0: 722e 2020 4f6e 2074 6865 2069 3338 362d r. On the i386-\n+00032fc0: 7063 2074 6172 6765 742c 2074 6865 0a20 pc target, the. \n+00032fd0: 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6de2 ...--no-apm.\n+00032fe0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 7368 .. option, or sh\n+00032ff0: 6f72 7420 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 2c20 6973 ort ...-n..., is\n+00033000: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6e6f 2041 specified, no A\n+00033010: 504d 2042 494f 5320 6361 6c6c 2069 730a PM BIOS call is.\n+00033020: 2020 2020 2070 6572 666f 726d 6564 2e20 performed. \n+00033030: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 Otherwise, the \n+00033040: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2069 7320 7368 7574 computer is shut\n+00033050: 2064 6f77 6e20 7573 696e 6720 4150 4d20 down using APM \n+00033060: 6f6e 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2074 6172 on that. tar\n+00033070: 6765 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 get.....File: gr\n+00033080: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00033090: 6861 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 hashsum, Next: \n+000330a0: 6865 6c70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 616c help, Prev: hal\n+000330b0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n+000330c0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+000330d0: 372e 342e 3334 2068 6173 6873 756d 0a2d 7.4.34 hashsum.-\n+000330e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+000330f0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 6173 -- Command: has\n+00033100: 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6861 7368 hsum --hash hash\n+00033110: 202d 2d6b 6565 702d 676f 696e 6720 2d2d --keep-going --\n+00033120: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 202d 2d63 6865 uncompress --che\n+00033130: 636b 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ck file. \n+00033140: 2020 5b2d 2d70 7265 6669 7820 6469 725d [--prefix dir]\n+00033150: 7c66 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 |file .... C\n+00033160: 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 7665 7269 6679 ompute or verify\n+00033170: 2066 696c 6520 6861 7368 6573 2e20 2048 file hashes. H\n+00033180: 6173 6820 7479 7065 2069 7320 7365 6c65 ash type is sele\n+00033190: 6374 6564 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e cted with option\n+000331a0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d68 6173 68e2 . ...--hash.\n+000331b0: 8099 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2068 ... Supported h\n+000331c0: 6173 6865 7320 6172 653a 20e2 8098 6164 ashes are: ...ad\n+000331d0: 6c65 7233 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 ler32..., ...crc\n+000331e0: 3634 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 6333 32e2 64..., ...crc32.\n+000331f0: 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6372 6333 ..,. ...crc3\n+00033200: 3272 6663 3135 3130 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2rfc1510..., ...\n+00033210: 6372 6332 3472 6663 3234 3430 e280 992c crc24rfc2440...,\n+00033220: 20e2 8098 6d64 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d ...md4..., ...m\n+00033230: 6435 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7269 7065 6d64 d5..., ...ripemd\n+00033240: 3136 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 31e2 160..., ...sha1.\n+00033250: 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7368 6132 ..,. ...sha2\n+00033260: 3234 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6132 3536 24..., ...sha256\n+00033270: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6135 3132 e280 ..., ...sha512..\n+00033280: 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6133 3834 e280 992c ., ...sha384...,\n+00033290: 20e2 8098 7469 6765 7231 3932 e280 992c ...tiger192...,\n+000332a0: 20e2 8098 7469 6765 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 ...tiger...,. \n+000332b0: 2020 20e2 8098 7469 6765 7232 e280 992c ...tiger2...,\n+000332c0: 20e2 8098 7768 6972 6c70 6f6f 6ce2 8099 ...whirlpool...\n+000332d0: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d75 . Option ...--u\n+000332e0: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 73e2 8099 2075 6e63 ncompress... unc\n+000332f0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 7320 6669 6c65 730a ompresses files.\n+00033300: 2020 2020 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6d70 before comp\n+00033310: 7574 696e 6720 6861 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 uting hash... \n+00033320: 2020 5768 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 When list of f\n+00033330: 696c 6573 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2068 iles is given, h\n+00033340: 6173 6820 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 ash of each file\n+00033350: 2069 7320 636f 6d70 7574 6564 2061 6e64 is computed and\n+00033360: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 642c 2066 . printed, f\n+00033370: 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2066 696c 6520 ollowed by file \n+00033380: 6e61 6d65 2c20 6561 6368 2066 696c 6520 name, each file \n+00033390: 6f6e 2061 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 0a0a on a new line...\n+000333a0: 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e When option\n+000333b0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2069 ...--check... i\n+000333c0: 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2069 7420 706f 696e s given, it poin\n+000333d0: 7473 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 ts to a file tha\n+000333e0: 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 t contains. \n+000333f0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 4841 5348 204e 414d list of HASH NAM\n+00033400: 4520 7061 6972 7320 696e 2074 6865 2073 E pairs in the s\n+00033410: 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2061 7320 7573 ame format as us\n+00033420: 6564 2062 7920 554e 4958 20e2 8098 6d64 ed by UNIX ...md\n+00033430: 3573 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 5sum.... com\n+00033440: 6d61 6e64 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 mand. Option ..\n+00033450: 982d 2d70 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6179 .--prefix... may\n+00033460: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6769 7665 be used to give\n+00033470: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 directory where\n+00033480: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 . files are \n+00033490: 6c6f 6361 7465 642e 2020 4861 7368 2076 located. Hash v\n+000334a0: 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7374 6f70 erification stop\n+000334b0: 7320 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 6669 7273 s after the firs\n+000334c0: 740a 2020 2020 206d 6973 6d61 7463 6820 t. mismatch \n+000334d0: 7761 7320 666f 756e 6420 756e 6c65 7373 was found unless\n+000334e0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d6b 6565 option ...--kee\n+000334f0: 702d 676f 696e 67e2 8099 2077 6173 2067 p-going... was g\n+00033500: 6976 656e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 iven. The. \n+00033510: 6578 6974 2063 6f64 6520 e280 9824 3fe2 exit code ...$?.\n+00033520: 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 .. is set to 0 i\n+00033530: 6620 6861 7368 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 f hash verificat\n+00033540: 696f 6e20 6973 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 ion is successfu\n+00033550: 6c2e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2066 l. If. it f\n+00033560: 6169 6c73 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2069 ails, ...$?... i\n+00033570: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2061 206e 6f6e 7a65 s set to a nonze\n+00033580: 726f 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ro value.....Fil\n+00033590: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000335a0: 6f64 653a 2068 656c 702c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: help, Next\n+000335b0: 3a20 6865 7864 756d 702c 2020 5072 6576 : hexdump, Prev\n+000335c0: 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 : hashsum, Up: \n+000335d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+000335e0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3335 2068 mands..17.4.35 h\n+000335f0: 656c 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d elp.------------\n+00033600: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 .. -- Command: h\n+00033610: 656c 7020 5b70 6174 7465 726e 202e 2e2e elp [pattern ...\n+00033620: 5d0a 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2068 ]. Display h\n+00033630: 656c 7066 756c 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 elpful informati\n+00033640: 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2062 7569 6c74 696e on about builtin\n+00033650: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 2020 4966 2079 commands. If y\n+00033660: 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 ou do not. s\n+00033670: 7065 6369 6679 2050 4154 5445 524e 2c20 pecify PATTERN, \n+00033680: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 686f this command sho\n+00033690: 7773 2073 686f 7274 2064 6573 6372 6970 ws short descrip\n+000336a0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 tions of all. \n+000336b0: 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d available comm\n+000336c0: 616e 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 ands... If y\n+000336d0: 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 6e79 2050 ou specify any P\n+000336e0: 4154 5445 524e 532c 2069 7420 6469 7370 ATTERNS, it disp\n+000336f0: 6c61 7973 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 696e 666f lays longer info\n+00033700: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 740a 2020 rmation about. \n+00033710: 2020 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 each of the c\n+00033720: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7768 6f73 6520 6e61 ommands whose na\n+00033730: 6d65 7320 6265 6769 6e20 7769 7468 2074 mes begin with t\n+00033740: 686f 7365 2050 4154 5445 524e 532e 0a0a hose PATTERNS...\n+00033750: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00033760: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 7864 756d o, Node: hexdum\n+00033770: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 p, Next: insmod\n+00033780: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 656c 702c 2020 , Prev: help, \n+00033790: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+000337a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+000337b0: 3336 2068 6578 6475 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 36 hexdump.-----\n+000337c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+000337d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 Command: hexdump\n+000337e0: 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 206f 6666 7365 745d [--skip offset]\n+000337f0: 205b 2d2d 6c65 6e67 7468 206c 656e 5d20 [--length len] \n+00033800: 4649 4c45 5f4f 525f 4445 5649 4345 0a20 FILE_OR_DEVICE. \n+00033810: 2020 2020 5368 6f77 2072 6177 2063 6f6e Show raw con\n+00033820: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2061 2066 696c 6520 tents of a file \n+00033830: 6f72 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5768 656e or memory. When\n+00033840: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 option ...--ski\n+00033850: 70e2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 2067 6976 p... is. giv\n+00033860: 656e 2c20 e280 986f 6666 7365 74e2 8099 en, ...offset...\n+00033870: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2062 7974 6573 number of bytes\n+00033880: 2061 7265 2073 6b69 7070 6564 2066 726f are skipped fro\n+00033890: 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 m the start of t\n+000338a0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 206f he. device o\n+000338b0: 7220 6669 6c65 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2041 r file given. A\n+000338c0: 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d 6c65 6e67 7468 e280 nd ...--length..\n+000338d0: 9920 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 7065 6369 6679 . allows specify\n+000338e0: 696e 6720 6120 6d61 7869 6d75 6d0a 2020 ing a maximum. \n+000338f0: 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2062 7974 number of byt\n+00033900: 6573 2074 6f20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a es to be shown..\n+00033910: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 6976 656e 2074 . If given t\n+00033920: 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 6576 6963 he special devic\n+00033930: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9828 6d65 6d29 e named ...(mem)\n+00033940: e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 e280 ..., then the ..\n+00033950: 986f 6666 7365 74e2 8099 2067 6976 656e .offset... given\n+00033960: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b . to ...--sk\n+00033970: 6970 e280 9920 6973 2074 7265 6174 6564 ip... is treated\n+00033980: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 as the address \n+00033990: 6f66 2061 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6c6f 6361 of a memory loca\n+000339a0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6475 6d70 0a20 2020 tion to dump. \n+000339b0: 2020 6672 6f6d 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a from.....File:\n+000339c0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000339d0: 653a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 e: insmod, Next\n+000339e0: 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 5072 : keystatus, Pr\n+000339f0: 6576 3a20 6865 7864 756d 702c 2020 5570 ev: hexdump, Up\n+00033a00: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00033a10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3337 ommands..17.4.37\n+00033a20: 2069 6e73 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d insmod.--------\n+00033a30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00033a40: 616e 643a 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6d6f 6475 and: insmod modu\n+00033a50: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 2074 le. Insert t\n+00033a60: 6865 2064 796e 616d 6963 2047 5255 4220 he dynamic GRUB \n+00033a70: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 616c 6c65 6420 4d4f module called MO\n+00033a80: 4455 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 DULE.....File: g\n+00033a90: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00033aa0: 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 204e 6578 keystatus, Nex\n+00033ab0: 743a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 5072 t: list_env, Pr\n+00033ac0: 6576 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a ev: insmod, Up:\n+00033ad0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00033ae0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3820 mmands..17.4.38 \n+00033af0: 6b65 7973 7461 7475 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d keystatus.------\n+00033b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00033b10: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 Command: keysta\n+00033b20: 7475 7320 5b2d 2d73 6869 6674 5d20 5b2d tus [--shift] [-\n+00033b30: 2d63 7472 6c5d 205b 2d2d 616c 745d 0a20 -ctrl] [--alt]. \n+00033b40: 2020 2020 5265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 Return true \n+00033b50: 6966 2074 6865 2053 6869 6674 2c20 436f if the Shift, Co\n+00033b60: 6e74 726f 6c2c 206f 7220 416c 7420 6d6f ntrol, or Alt mo\n+00033b70: 6469 6669 6572 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 difier keys are \n+00033b80: 6865 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 646f 776e 2c20 held. down, \n+00033b90: 6173 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2062 7920 as requested by \n+00033ba0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 options. This i\n+00033bb0: 7320 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 7363 7269 s useful in scri\n+00033bc0: 7074 696e 672c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 pting, to. a\n+00033bd0: 6c6c 6f77 2073 6f6d 6520 7573 6572 2063 llow some user c\n+00033be0: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 206f 7665 7220 6265 6861 ontrol over beha\n+00033bf0: 7669 6f75 7220 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6861 viour without ha\n+00033c00: 7669 6e67 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 ving to wait for\n+00033c10: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7970 7265 7373 a. keypress\n+00033c20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b69 6e67 ... Checking\n+00033c30: 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 7374 key modifier st\n+00033c40: 6174 7573 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 atus is only sup\n+00033c50: 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 ported on some p\n+00033c60: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 latforms.. I\n+00033c70: 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 6f75 f invoked withou\n+00033c80: 7420 616e 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 t any options, t\n+00033c90: 6865 20e2 8098 6b65 7973 7461 7475 73e2 he ...keystatus.\n+00033ca0: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 .. command retur\n+00033cb0: 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 7472 7565 2069 6620 ns. true if \n+00033cc0: 616e 6420 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 6368 6563 and only if chec\n+00033cd0: 6b69 6e67 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 king key modifie\n+00033ce0: 7220 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7375 7070 r status is supp\n+00033cf0: 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 orted.....File: \n+00033d00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00033d10: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 : list_env, Nex\n+00033d20: 743a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c t: list_trusted,\n+00033d30: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 Prev: keystatu\n+00033d40: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d s, Up: Command-\n+00033d50: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00033d60: 372e 342e 3339 206c 6973 745f 656e 760a 7.4.39 list_env.\n+00033d70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00033d80: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c .. -- Command: l\n+00033d90: 6973 745f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 ist_env [--file \n+00033da0: 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 file]. List \n+00033db0: 616c 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e all variables in\n+00033dc0: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n+00033dd0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e block file. *N\n+00033de0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e ote. Environ\n+00033df0: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 ment block::... \n+00033e00: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d66 696c The ...--fil\n+00033e10: 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 e... option over\n+00033e20: 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c rides the defaul\n+00033e30: 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 t location of th\n+00033e40: 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 e. environme\n+00033e50: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c nt block.....Fil\n+00033e60: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00033e70: 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 ode: list_truste\n+00033e80: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 d, Next: load_e\n+00033e90: 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6973 745f nv, Prev: list_\n+00033ea0: 656e 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e env, Up: Comman\n+00033eb0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00033ec0: 0a31 372e 342e 3430 206c 6973 745f 7472 .17.4.40 list_tr\n+00033ed0: 7573 7465 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d usted.----------\n+00033ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00033ef0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6973 745f 7472 Command: list_tr\n+00033f00: 7573 7465 640a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 usted. List \n+00033f10: 616c 6c20 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 7320 all public keys \n+00033f20: 7472 7573 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 trusted by GRUB \n+00033f30: 666f 7220 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6e67 2073 for validating s\n+00033f40: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732e 0a20 2020 2020 ignatures.. \n+00033f50: 5468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2069 7320 696e The output is in\n+00033f60: 2047 5047 2773 2076 3420 6b65 7920 6669 GPG's v4 key fi\n+00033f70: 6e67 6572 7072 696e 7420 666f 726d 6174 ngerprint format\n+00033f80: 2028 692e 652e 2c20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 (i.e., the outp\n+00033f90: 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6770 ut. of ...gp\n+00033fa0: 6720 2d2d 6669 6e67 6572 7072 696e 74e2 g --fingerprint.\n+00033fb0: 8099 292e 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6173 7420 ..). The least \n+00033fc0: 7369 676e 6966 6963 616e 7420 666f 7572 significant four\n+00033fd0: 2062 7974 6573 2028 6c61 7374 0a20 2020 bytes (last. \n+00033fe0: 2020 6569 6768 7420 6865 7861 6465 6369 eight hexadeci\n+00033ff0: 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 2920 6361 6e20 mal digits) can \n+00034000: 6265 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 6e20 6172 be used as an ar\n+00034010: 6775 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 e280 9864 6973 gument to ...dis\n+00034020: 7472 7573 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a trust.... (*\n+00034030: 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 note distrust::)\n+00034040: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 . *Note Using d\n+00034050: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n+00034060: 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 s::, for more. \n+00034070: 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 information a\n+00034080: 626f 7574 2075 7365 7320 666f 7220 7468 bout uses for th\n+00034090: 6573 6520 6b65 7973 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ese keys.....Fil\n+000340a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000340b0: 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762c 2020 ode: load_env, \n+000340c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 Next: loadfont, \n+000340d0: 2050 7265 763a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 Prev: list_trus\n+000340e0: 7465 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ted, Up: Comman\n+000340f0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00034100: 0a31 372e 342e 3431 206c 6f61 645f 656e .17.4.41 load_en\n+00034110: 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d v.--------------\n+00034120: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00034130: 206c 6f61 645f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c load_env [--fil\n+00034140: 6520 6669 6c65 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d e file] [--skip-\n+00034150: 7369 675d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b sig]. [\n+00034160: 7768 6974 656c 6973 7465 645f 7661 7269 whitelisted_vari\n+00034170: 6162 6c65 5f6e 616d 655d 202e 2e2e 0a20 able_name] .... \n+00034180: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 Load all var\n+00034190: 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 iables from the \n+000341a0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n+000341b0: 6b20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a k file into the.\n+000341c0: 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 environment\n+000341d0: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e . *Note Environ\n+000341e0: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 ment block::... \n+000341f0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d66 696c The ...--fil\n+00034200: 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 e... option over\n+00034210: 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c rides the defaul\n+00034220: 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 t location of th\n+00034230: 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 e. environme\n+00034240: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 nt block... \n+00034250: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 The ...--skip-si\n+00034260: 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 736b 6970 g... option skip\n+00034270: 7320 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6368 6563 s signature chec\n+00034280: 6b69 6e67 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2074 king even when t\n+00034290: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 he. value of\n+000342a0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000342b0: 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 iable ...check_s\n+000342c0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 ignatures... is \n+000342d0: 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9865 set to. ...e\n+000342e0: 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 nforce... (*note\n+000342f0: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n+00034300: 733a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206f s::)... If o\n+00034310: 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2076 6172 6961 ne or more varia\n+00034320: 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7072 ble names are pr\n+00034330: 6f76 6964 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 ovided as argume\n+00034340: 6e74 732c 2074 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 nts, they are. \n+00034350: 2020 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 interpreted a\n+00034360: 7320 6120 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 s a whitelist of\n+00034370: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6c6f variables to lo\n+00034380: 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ad from the. \n+00034390: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n+000343a0: 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 5661 7269 6162 ck file. Variab\n+000343b0: 6c65 7320 7365 7420 696e 2074 6865 2066 les set in the f\n+000343c0: 696c 6520 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 7072 6573 ile but not pres\n+000343d0: 656e 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ent. in the \n+000343e0: 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6172 6520 6967 whitelist are ig\n+000343f0: 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 nored... The\n+00034400: 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 ...--skip-sig..\n+00034410: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 . option should \n+00034420: 6265 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 2063 6172 be used with car\n+00034430: 652c 2061 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 616c e, and should al\n+00034440: 7761 7973 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2075 7365 ways. be use\n+00034450: 6420 696e 2063 6f6e 6365 7274 2077 6974 d in concert wit\n+00034460: 6820 6120 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 h a whitelist of\n+00034470: 2061 6363 6570 7461 626c 6520 7661 7269 acceptable vari\n+00034480: 6162 6c65 7320 7768 6f73 650a 2020 2020 ables whose. \n+00034490: 2076 616c 7565 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 values should b\n+000344a0: 6520 7365 742e 2020 4661 696c 7572 6520 e set. Failure \n+000344b0: 746f 2065 6d70 6c6f 7920 6120 6361 7265 to employ a care\n+000344c0: 6675 6c6c 7920 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 fully constructe\n+000344d0: 640a 2020 2020 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 d. whitelist\n+000344e0: 2063 6f75 6c64 2072 6573 756c 7420 696e could result in\n+000344f0: 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2061 206d 616c 6963 reading a malic\n+00034500: 696f 7573 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e74 6f20 ious value into \n+00034510: 6372 6974 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 656e critical. en\n+00034520: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00034530: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 696c les from the fil\n+00034540: 652c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2073 6574 7469 e, such as setti\n+00034550: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6865 636b ng. ...check\n+00034560: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733d 6e6f e280 _signatures=no..\n+00034570: 992c 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 ., modifying ...\n+00034580: 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f prefix... to boo\n+00034590: 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 t from an. u\n+000345a0: 6e65 7870 6563 7465 6420 6c6f 6361 7469 nexpected locati\n+000345b0: 6f6e 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 6174 2061 6c6c on or not at all\n+000345c0: 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 , etc... Whe\n+000345d0: 6e20 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 6361 7265 n used with care\n+000345e0: 2c20 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 , ...--skip-sig.\n+000345f0: 8099 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 .. and the white\n+00034600: 6c69 7374 2065 6e61 626c 6520 616e 0a20 list enable an. \n+00034610: 2020 2020 6164 6d69 6e69 7374 7261 746f administrato\n+00034620: 7220 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 r to configure a\n+00034630: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 system to boot \n+00034640: 6f6e 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 640a 2020 2020 only signed. \n+00034650: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c configurations,\n+00034660: 2062 7574 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 but to allow th\n+00034670: 6520 7573 6572 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 e user to select\n+00034680: 2066 726f 6d20 616d 6f6e 6720 6d75 6c74 from among mult\n+00034690: 6970 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 iple. config\n+000346a0: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 746f urations, and to\n+000346b0: 2065 6e61 626c 6520 226f 6e65 2d73 686f enable \"one-sho\n+000346c0: 7422 2062 6f6f 7420 6174 7465 6d70 7473 t\" boot attempts\n+000346d0: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2273 6176 6564 and. \"saved\n+000346e0: 6566 6175 6c74 2220 6265 6861 7669 6f72 efault\" behavior\n+000346f0: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 . *Note Using d\n+00034700: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n+00034710: 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 s::, for more. \n+00034720: 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a information..\n+00034730: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00034740: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 6466 fo, Node: loadf\n+00034750: 6f6e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6f70 ont, Next: loop\n+00034760: 6261 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f61 back, Prev: loa\n+00034770: 645f 656e 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d d_env, Up: Comm\n+00034780: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00034790: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3432 206c 6f61 6466 s..17.4.42 loadf\n+000347a0: 6f6e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ont.------------\n+000347b0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+000347c0: 643a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7420 6669 6c65 d: loadfont file\n+000347d0: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2073 .... Load s\n+000347e0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 6f6e 7420 6669 pecified font fi\n+000347f0: 6c65 732e 2020 556e 6c65 7373 2061 6273 les. Unless abs\n+00034800: 6f6c 7574 6520 7061 7468 6e61 6d65 2069 olute pathname i\n+00034810: 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2046 494c 450a 2020 s given, FILE. \n+00034820: 2020 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f is assumed to\n+00034830: 2062 6520 696e 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 be in directory\n+00034840: 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f 666f 6e74 ...$prefix/font\n+00034850: 73e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 7375 6666 6978 s... with suffix\n+00034860: 20e2 8098 2e70 6632 e280 990a 2020 2020 ....pf2.... \n+00034870: 2061 7070 656e 6465 642e 2020 2a4e 6f74 appended. *Not\n+00034880: 6520 466f 6e74 733a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 e Fonts: Theme f\n+00034890: 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ile format.....F\n+000348a0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000348b0: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c Node: loopback,\n+000348c0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c73 2c20 2050 7265 Next: ls, Pre\n+000348d0: 763a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 5570 v: loadfont, Up\n+000348e0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+000348f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3433 ommands..17.4.43\n+00034900: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d loopback.------\n+00034910: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00034920: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 Command: loopbac\n+00034930: 6b20 5b2d 645d 205b 2d44 5d20 6465 7669 k [-d] [-D] devi\n+00034940: 6365 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 204d 616b ce file. Mak\n+00034950: 6520 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d e the device nam\n+00034960: 6564 2044 4556 4943 4520 636f 7272 6573 ed DEVICE corres\n+00034970: 706f 6e64 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e74 pond to the cont\n+00034980: 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 ents of the. \n+00034990: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 filesystem imag\n+000349a0: 6520 696e 2046 494c 452e 2020 466f 7220 e in FILE. For \n+000349b0: 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 example:.. \n+000349c0: 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 206c 6f6f loopback loo\n+000349d0: 7030 202f 7061 7468 2f74 6f2f 696d 6167 p0 /path/to/imag\n+000349e0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c73 2028 e. ls (\n+000349f0: 6c6f 6f70 3029 2f0a 0a20 2020 2020 5370 loop0)/.. Sp\n+00034a00: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ecifying the ...\n+00034a10: 2d44 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 6c6c -D... option all\n+00034a20: 6f77 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b ows the loopback\n+00034a30: 2066 696c 6520 746f 2062 650a 2020 2020 file to be. \n+00034a40: 2074 7261 6e70 6172 656e 746c 7920 6465 tranparently de\n+00034a50: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2069 6620 7468 compressed if th\n+00034a60: 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6170 7072 6f70 ere is an approp\n+00034a70: 7269 6174 6520 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 riate decompress\n+00034a80: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6564 2e0a or. loaded..\n+00034a90: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 . With the .\n+00034aa0: 8098 2d64 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 ..-d... option, \n+00034ab0: 6465 6c65 7465 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 delete a device \n+00034ac0: 7072 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2063 7265 6174 previously creat\n+00034ad0: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 730a 2020 ed using this. \n+00034ae0: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 command.....F\n+00034af0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00034b00: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 732c 2020 4e65 7874 Node: ls, Next\n+00034b10: 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 732c 2020 5072 6576 : lsfonts, Prev\n+00034b20: 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 2055 703a : loopback, Up:\n+00034b30: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00034b40: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3420 mmands..17.4.44 \n+00034b50: 6c73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 ls.----------.. \n+00034b60: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 205b -- Command: ls [\n+00034b70: 6172 6720 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 arg ...]. Li\n+00034b80: 7374 2064 6576 6963 6573 206f 7220 6669 st devices or fi\n+00034b90: 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 les... With \n+00034ba0: 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 no arguments, pr\n+00034bb0: 696e 7420 616c 6c20 6465 7669 6365 7320 int all devices \n+00034bc0: 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a known to GRUB...\n+00034bd0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 If the argu\n+00034be0: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6465 7669 6365 ment is a device\n+00034bf0: 206e 616d 6520 656e 636c 6f73 6564 2069 name enclosed i\n+00034c00: 6e20 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 282a n parentheses (*\n+00034c10: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7669 6365 note. Device\n+00034c20: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e syntax::), then\n+00034c30: 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 print the name \n+00034c40: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 of the filesyste\n+00034c50: 6d20 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2064 m of that. d\n+00034c60: 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 evice... If \n+00034c70: 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 the argument is \n+00034c80: 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6769 7665 a directory give\n+00034c90: 6e20 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 n as an absolute\n+00034ca0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 file name. \n+00034cb0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 (*note File name\n+00034cc0: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e syntax::), then\n+00034cd0: 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e list the conten\n+00034ce0: 7473 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 ts of that. \n+00034cf0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 directory.....Fi\n+00034d00: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00034d10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 732c 2020 Node: lsfonts, \n+00034d20: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 Next: lsmod, Pr\n+00034d30: 6576 3a20 6c73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ev: ls, Up: Com\n+00034d40: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00034d50: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3520 6c73 666f ds..17.4.45 lsfo\n+00034d60: 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nts.------------\n+00034d70: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00034d80: 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 730a 2020 2020 204c : lsfonts. L\n+00034d90: 6973 7420 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 ist loaded fonts\n+00034da0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00034db0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 736d info, Node: lsm\n+00034dc0: 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 6435 7375 od, Next: md5su\n+00034dd0: 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 m, Prev: lsfont\n+00034de0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d s, Up: Command-\n+00034df0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00034e00: 372e 342e 3436 206c 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.46 lsmod.---\n+00034e10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00034e20: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 736d 6f64 0a20 Command: lsmod. \n+00034e30: 2020 2020 5368 6f77 206c 6973 7420 6f66 Show list of\n+00034e40: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e loaded modules.\n+00034e50: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00034e60: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 nfo, Node: md5s\n+00034e70: 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 6f64 756c um, Next: modul\n+00034e80: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c e, Prev: lsmod,\n+00034e90: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00034ea0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00034eb0: 342e 3437 206d 6435 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 4.47 md5sum.----\n+00034ec0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00034ed0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 6435 7375 6d20 Command: md5sum \n+00034ee0: 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 arg .... Ali\n+00034ef0: 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 as for ...hashsu\n+00034f00: 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 206d 6435 2061 7267 m --hash md5 arg\n+00034f10: 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f ....... See co\n+00034f20: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d mmand ...hashsum\n+00034f30: e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .... (*note \n+00034f40: 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 hashsum::) for f\n+00034f50: 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e ull description.\n+00034f60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00034f70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 nfo, Node: modu\n+00034f80: 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 756c 7469 le, Next: multi\n+00034f90: 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 6435 boot, Prev: md5\n+00034fa0: 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e sum, Up: Comman\n+00034fb0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00034fc0: 0a31 372e 342e 3438 206d 6f64 756c 650a .17.4.48 module.\n+00034fd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00034fe0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 6f64 -- Command: mod\n+00034ff0: 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 ule [--nounzip] \n+00035000: 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d file [arguments]\n+00035010: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 6f64 . Load a mod\n+00035020: 756c 6520 666f 7220 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ule for multiboo\n+00035030: 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 t kernel image. \n+00035040: 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 The rest of the\n+00035050: 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 line is. pa\n+00035060: 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 ssed verbatim as\n+00035070: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 636f 6d6d the module comm\n+00035080: 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c and line.....Fil\n+00035090: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000350a0: 6f64 653a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 ode: multiboot, \n+000350b0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 Next: nativedis\n+000350c0: 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 k, Prev: module\n+000350d0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+000350e0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+000350f0: 2e34 2e34 3920 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a .4.49 multiboot.\n+00035100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00035110: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00035120: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5b2d 2d71 7569 multiboot [--qui\n+00035130: 726b 2d62 6164 2d6b 6c75 6467 655d 0a20 rk-bad-kludge]. \n+00035140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 7175 6972 [--quir\n+00035150: 6b2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d k-modules-after-\n+00035160: 6b65 726e 656c 5d20 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e kernel] file ...\n+00035170: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c . Load a mul\n+00035180: 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d tiboot kernel im\n+00035190: 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 age from FILE. \n+000351a0: 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 The rest of the \n+000351b0: 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 line is. pas\n+000351c0: 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 sed verbatim as \n+000351d0: 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f the ...kernel co\n+000351e0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 mmand-line.... \n+000351f0: 416e 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 Any module must \n+00035200: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 be. reloaded\n+00035210: 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 after using thi\n+00035220: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 s command (*note\n+00035230: 206d 6f64 756c 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 module::)... \n+00035240: 2020 536f 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2068 Some kernels h\n+00035250: 6176 6520 6b6e 6f77 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 ave known proble\n+00035260: 6d73 2e20 2059 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f ms. You need to\n+00035270: 2073 7065 6369 6679 202d 7175 6972 6b2d specify -quirk-\n+00035280: 2a20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 686f 7365 * for. those\n+00035290: 2e20 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c . -quirk-bad-kl\n+000352a0: 7564 6765 2069 7320 6120 7072 6f62 6c65 udge is a proble\n+000352b0: 6d20 7365 656e 2069 6e20 7365 7665 7261 m seen in severa\n+000352c0: 6c20 7072 6f64 7563 7473 0a20 2020 2020 l products. \n+000352d0: 7468 6174 2074 6865 7920 696e 636c 7564 that they includ\n+000352e0: 6520 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6b6c 7564 6765 e loading kludge\n+000352f0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 information wit\n+00035300: 6820 696e 7661 6c69 6420 6461 7461 2069 h invalid data i\n+00035310: 6e0a 2020 2020 2045 4c46 2066 696c 652e n. ELF file.\n+00035320: 2020 4752 5542 2070 7269 6f72 2074 6f20 GRUB prior to \n+00035330: 302e 3937 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6375 0.97 and some cu\n+00035340: 7374 6f6d 2062 7569 6c64 7320 7072 6566 stom builds pref\n+00035350: 6572 7265 6420 454c 460a 2020 2020 2069 erred ELF. i\n+00035360: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 6869 6c65 nformation while\n+00035370: 2030 2e39 3720 616e 6420 4752 5542 2032 0.97 and GRUB 2\n+00035380: 2075 7365 206b 6c75 6467 652e 2020 5573 use kludge. Us\n+00035390: 6520 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f e this option to\n+000353a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6967 6e6f 7265 206b 6c75 . ignore klu\n+000353b0: 6467 652e 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6665 dge. Known affe\n+000353c0: 6374 6564 2073 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 6f6c cted systems: ol\n+000353d0: 6420 536f 6c61 7269 732c 2053 6b79 4f53 d Solaris, SkyOS\n+000353e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d ... -quirk-m\n+000353f0: 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 odules-after-ker\n+00035400: 6e65 6c20 6973 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f nel is needed fo\n+00035410: 7220 6b65 726e 656c 7320 7768 6963 6820 r kernels which \n+00035420: 6c6f 6164 2061 740a 2020 2020 2072 656c load at. rel\n+00035430: 6174 6976 656c 7920 6869 6768 2061 6464 atively high add\n+00035440: 7265 7373 2065 2e67 2e20 2031 364d 6942 ress e.g. 16MiB\n+00035450: 206d 6172 6b20 616e 6420 6361 6e27 7420 mark and can't \n+00035460: 636f 7065 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 206d cope with. m\n+00035470: 6f64 756c 6573 2073 7475 6666 6564 2062 odules stuffed b\n+00035480: 6574 7765 656e 2031 4d69 4220 6d61 726b etween 1MiB mark\n+00035490: 2061 6e64 2062 6567 696e 6e69 6e67 206f and beginning o\n+000354a0: 6620 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 f the kernel.. \n+000354b0: 2020 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 7465 6374 Known afftect\n+000354c0: 6564 2073 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 564d 5761 ed systems: VMWa\n+000354d0: 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 re.....File: gru\n+000354e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+000354f0: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 ativedisk, Next\n+00035500: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a : normal, Prev:\n+00035510: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a multiboot, Up:\n+00035520: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00035530: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3020 mmands..17.4.50 \n+00035540: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d nativedisk.-----\n+00035550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00035560: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e61 7469 -- Command: nati\n+00035570: 7665 6469 736b 0a20 2020 2020 5377 6974 vedisk. Swit\n+00035580: 6368 2066 726f 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 ch from firmware\n+00035590: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6572 7320 746f disk drivers to\n+000355a0: 206e 6174 6976 6520 6f6e 6573 2e20 2052 native ones. R\n+000355b0: 6561 6c6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 eally useful. \n+000355c0: 2020 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f only on platfo\n+000355d0: 726d 7320 7768 6572 6520 626f 7468 2066 rms where both f\n+000355e0: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 616e 6420 6e61 7469 irmware and nati\n+000355f0: 7665 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2061 ve disk drives a\n+00035600: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c re. availabl\n+00035610: 652e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6933 e. Currently i3\n+00035620: 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 6566 692c 86-pc, i386-efi,\n+00035630: 2069 3338 362d 6965 6565 3132 3735 2061 i386-ieee1275 a\n+00035640: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7838 365f 3634 2d65 nd. x86_64-e\n+00035650: 6669 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 fi.....File: gru\n+00035660: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+00035670: 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e6f ormal, Next: no\n+00035680: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 5072 6576 rmal_exit, Prev\n+00035690: 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2055 : nativedisk, U\n+000356a0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+000356b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 commands..17.4.5\n+000356c0: 3120 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 1 normal.-------\n+000356d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+000356e0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 205b 6669 mand: normal [fi\n+000356f0: 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 206e le]. Enter n\n+00035700: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 2064 ormal mode and d\n+00035710: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 isplay the GRUB \n+00035720: 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 496e 206e menu... In n\n+00035730: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2c20 636f 6d6d ormal mode, comm\n+00035740: 616e 6473 2c20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d ands, filesystem\n+00035750: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6372 modules, and cr\n+00035760: 7970 746f 6772 6170 6879 0a20 2020 2020 yptography. \n+00035770: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6175 746f modules are auto\n+00035780: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 matically loaded\n+00035790: 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6675 6c6c 2047 , and the full G\n+000357a0: 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2070 6172 7365 RUB script parse\n+000357b0: 720a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 r. is availa\n+000357c0: 626c 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6d6f 6475 ble. Other modu\n+000357d0: 6c65 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2065 7870 6c69 les may be expli\n+000357e0: 6369 746c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2075 7369 citly loaded usi\n+000357f0: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f ng. ...insmo\n+00035800: 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d d... (*note insm\n+00035810: 6f64 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 od::)... If \n+00035820: 6120 4649 4c45 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c a FILE is given,\n+00035830: 2074 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 then commands w\n+00035840: 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d ill be read from\n+00035850: 2074 6861 7420 6669 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 that file.. \n+00035860: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6579 Otherwise, they\n+00035870: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6561 6420 6672 will be read fr\n+00035880: 6f6d 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 om ...$prefix/gr\n+00035890: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6966 2069 7420 ub.cfg... if it \n+000358a0: 6578 6973 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 exists... ..\n+000358b0: 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6179 2062 .normal... may b\n+000358c0: 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7769 e called from wi\n+000358d0: 7468 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 thin normal mode\n+000358e0: 2c20 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2061 206e 6573 , creating a nes\n+000358f0: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e ted. environ\n+00035900: 6d65 6e74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 206d 6f72 ment. It is mor\n+00035910: 6520 7573 7561 6c20 746f 2075 7365 20e2 e usual to use .\n+00035920: 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 ..configfile... \n+00035930: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 (*note. conf\n+00035940: 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 7468 igfile::) for th\n+00035950: 6973 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 is.....File: gru\n+00035960: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+00035970: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 204e 6578 ormal_exit, Nex\n+00035980: 743a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5072 t: parttool, Pr\n+00035990: 6576 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a ev: normal, Up:\n+000359a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+000359b0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3220 mmands..17.4.52 \n+000359c0: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 740a 2d2d 2d2d normal_exit.----\n+000359d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000359e0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e6f . -- Command: no\n+000359f0: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 740a 2020 2020 2045 rmal_exit. E\n+00035a00: 7869 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 xit normal mode \n+00035a10: 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 (*note normal::)\n+00035a20: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 . If this insta\n+00035a30: 6e63 6520 6f66 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f nce of normal mo\n+00035a40: 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 de. was not \n+00035a50: 6e65 7374 6564 2077 6974 6869 6e20 616e nested within an\n+00035a60: 6f74 6865 7220 6f6e 652c 2074 6865 6e20 other one, then \n+00035a70: 7265 7475 726e 2074 6f20 7265 7363 7565 return to rescue\n+00035a80: 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 mode.....File: \n+00035a90: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00035aa0: 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 204e 6578 : parttool, Nex\n+00035ab0: 743a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5072 t: password, Pr\n+00035ac0: 6576 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c ev: normal_exit,\n+00035ad0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00035ae0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00035af0: 342e 3533 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c0a 2d2d 4.53 parttool.--\n+00035b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00035b10: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6172 -- Command: par\n+00035b20: 7474 6f6f 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 ttool partition \n+00035b30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 commands. Ma\n+00035b40: 6b65 2076 6172 696f 7573 206d 6f64 6966 ke various modif\n+00035b50: 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 7061 7274 ications to part\n+00035b60: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 ition table entr\n+00035b70: 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 6163 6820 ies... Each \n+00035b80: 434f 4d4d 414e 4420 6973 2065 6974 6865 COMMAND is eithe\n+00035b90: 7220 6120 626f 6f6c 6561 6e20 6f70 7469 r a boolean opti\n+00035ba0: 6f6e 2c20 696e 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 on, in which cas\n+00035bb0: 6520 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 e it must be. \n+00035bc0: 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6974 6820 followed with \n+00035bd0: e280 982b e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 2de2 ...+... or ...-.\n+00035be0: 8099 2028 7769 7468 206e 6f20 696e 7465 .. (with no inte\n+00035bf0: 7276 656e 696e 6720 7370 6163 6529 2074 rvening space) t\n+00035c00: 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 206f 720a 2020 2020 o enable or. \n+00035c10: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6861 7420 6f70 disable that op\n+00035c20: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2065 6c73 6520 6974 tion, or else it\n+00035c30: 2074 616b 6573 2061 2076 616c 7565 2069 takes a value i\n+00035c40: 6e20 7468 6520 666f 726d 0a20 2020 2020 n the form. \n+00035c50: e280 9843 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3d56 414c 5545 ...COMMAND=VALUE\n+00035c60: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 7572 7265 ...... Curre\n+00035c70: 6e74 6c79 2c20 e280 9870 6172 7474 6f6f ntly, ...parttoo\n+00035c80: 6ce2 8099 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 l... is only use\n+00035c90: 6675 6c20 6f6e 2044 4f53 2070 6172 7469 ful on DOS parti\n+00035ca0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 7320 2861 6c73 tion tables (als\n+00035cb0: 6f0a 2020 2020 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 o. known as \n+00035cc0: 4d61 7374 6572 2042 6f6f 7420 5265 636f Master Boot Reco\n+00035cd0: 7264 2c20 6f72 204d 4252 292e 204f 6e20 rd, or MBR). On \n+00035ce0: 7468 6573 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 these partition \n+00035cf0: 7461 626c 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 tables,. the\n+00035d00: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 following comma\n+00035d10: 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c nds are availabl\n+00035d20: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e:.. ...boot\n+00035d30: e280 9920 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 ... (boolean). \n+00035d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 When ena\n+00035d50: 626c 6564 2c20 7468 6973 206d 616b 6573 bled, this makes\n+00035d60: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 the selected pa\n+00035d70: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6265 2074 6865 2061 rtition be the a\n+00035d80: 6374 6976 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ctive. \n+00035d90: 2862 6f6f 7461 626c 6529 2070 6172 7469 (bootable) parti\n+00035da0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 6974 7320 6469 736b tion on its disk\n+00035db0: 2c20 636c 6561 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2061 , clearing the a\n+00035dc0: 6374 6976 6520 666c 6167 206f 6e0a 2020 ctive flag on. \n+00035dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 616c 6c20 6f74 6865 all othe\n+00035de0: 7220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 r partitions. T\n+00035df0: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206c his command is l\n+00035e00: 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 5f70 7269 6d61 imited to _prima\n+00035e10: 7279 5f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 ry_. pa\n+00035e20: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 rtitions... \n+00035e30: e280 9874 7970 65e2 8099 2028 7661 6c75 ...type... (valu\n+00035e40: 6529 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6861 e). Cha\n+00035e50: 6e67 6520 7468 6520 7479 7065 206f 6620 nge the type of \n+00035e60: 616e 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 7061 7274 an existing part\n+00035e70: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 ition. The valu\n+00035e80: 6520 6d75 7374 2062 6520 610a 2020 2020 e must be a. \n+00035e90: 2020 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 number in \n+00035ea0: 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 302d 3078 4646 the range 0-0xFF\n+00035eb0: 2028 7072 6566 6978 2077 6974 6820 e280 (prefix with ..\n+00035ec0: 9830 78e2 8099 2074 6f20 656e 7465 7220 .0x... to enter \n+00035ed0: 6974 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it in. \n+00035ee0: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c29 2e0a 0a20 hexadecimal)... \n+00035ef0: 2020 2020 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 ...hidden...\n+00035f00: 2028 626f 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 (boolean). \n+00035f10: 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 When enable\n+00035f20: 642c 2074 6869 7320 6869 6465 7320 7468 d, this hides th\n+00035f30: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 e selected parti\n+00035f40: 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 6720 tion by setting \n+00035f50: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 the. ..\n+00035f60: 9c68 6964 6465 6ee2 809d 2062 6974 2069 .hidden... bit i\n+00035f70: 6e20 6974 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 n its partition \n+00035f80: 7479 7065 2063 6f64 653b 2077 6865 6e20 type code; when \n+00035f90: 6469 7361 626c 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 disabled,. \n+00035fa0: 2020 2020 756e 6869 6465 7320 7468 6520 unhides the \n+00035fb0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 selected partiti\n+00035fc0: 6f6e 2062 7920 636c 6561 7269 6e67 2074 on by clearing t\n+00035fd0: 6869 7320 6269 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 his bit. This i\n+00035fe0: 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7573 6566 s. usef\n+00035ff0: 756c 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2062 6f6f ul only when boo\n+00036000: 7469 6e67 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 ting DOS or Wind\n+00036010: 6f77 7320 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 ows and multiple\n+00036020: 2070 7269 6d61 7279 0a20 2020 2020 2020 primary. \n+00036030: 2020 2046 4154 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e FAT partition\n+00036040: 7320 6578 6973 7420 696e 206f 6e65 2064 s exist in one d\n+00036050: 6973 6b2e 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a isk. See also *\n+00036060: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 note. D\n+00036070: 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f OS/Windows::....\n+00036080: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00036090: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 , Node: passwor\n+000360a0: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7373 776f d, Next: passwo\n+000360b0: 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5072 6576 rd_pbkdf2, Prev\n+000360c0: 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 2055 703a : parttool, Up:\n+000360d0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+000360e0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3420 mmands..17.4.54 \n+000360f0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d password.-------\n+00036100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00036110: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 ommand: password\n+00036120: 2075 7365 7220 636c 6561 722d 7061 7373 user clear-pass\n+00036130: 776f 7264 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 word. Define\n+00036140: 2061 2075 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 a user named US\n+00036150: 4552 2077 6974 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 ER with password\n+00036160: 2043 4c45 4152 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e CLEAR-PASSWORD.\n+00036170: 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2053 6563 *Note. Sec\n+00036180: 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 urity::.....File\n+00036190: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000361a0: 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b de: password_pbk\n+000361b0: 6466 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 706c 6169 df2, Next: plai\n+000361c0: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 nmount, Prev: p\n+000361d0: 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f assword, Up: Co\n+000361e0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+000361f0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3535 2070 6173 nds..17.4.55 pas\n+00036200: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 0a2d 2d2d sword_pbkdf2.---\n 00036210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00036220: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 .. -- Command: p\n-00036230: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2075 assword_pbkdf2 u\n-00036240: 7365 7220 6861 7368 6564 2d70 6173 7377 ser hashed-passw\n-00036250: 6f72 640a 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 ord. Define \n-00036260: 6120 7573 6572 206e 616d 6564 2055 5345 a user named USE\n-00036270: 5220 7769 7468 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 R with password \n-00036280: 6861 7368 2048 4153 4845 442d 5041 5353 hash HASHED-PASS\n-00036290: 574f 5244 2e20 2055 7365 0a20 2020 2020 WORD. Use. \n-000362a0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ...grub-mkpasswd\n-000362b0: 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 -pbkdf2... (*not\n-000362c0: 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d e Invoking grub-\n-000362d0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a mkpasswd-pbkdf2:\n-000362e0: 3a29 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2067 656e 6572 :) to. gener\n-000362f0: 6174 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 ate password has\n-00036300: 6865 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 hes. *Note Secu\n-00036310: 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a rity::.....File:\n-00036320: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00036330: 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 e: plainmount, \n-00036340: 4e65 7874 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2050 7265 Next: play, Pre\n-00036350: 763a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 v: password_pbkd\n-00036360: 6632 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 f2, Up: Command\n-00036370: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00036380: 3137 2e34 2e35 3620 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 17.4.56 plainmou\n-00036390: 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nt.-------------\n-000363a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-000363b0: 6e64 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2064 nd: plainmount d\n-000363c0: 6576 6963 6520 2d63 2063 6970 6865 7220 evice -c cipher \n-000363d0: 2d73 206b 6579 2073 697a 6520 5b2d 6820 -s key size [-h \n-000363e0: 6861 7368 5d0a 2020 2020 205b e280 982d hash]. [...-\n-000363f0: 53e2 8099 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 S... sector size\n-00036400: 5d20 5be2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 7061 7373 ] [...-p... pass\n-00036410: 776f 7264 5d20 5be2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 word] [...-u... \n-00036420: 7575 6964 5d20 5b5b e280 982d 64e2 8099 uuid] [[...-d...\n-00036430: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 205b keyfile]. [\n-00036440: e280 982d 4fe2 8099 206b 6579 6669 6c65 ...-O... keyfile\n-00036450: 206f 6666 7365 745d 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 offset]].. \n-00036460: 5365 7475 7020 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 Setup access to \n-00036470: 7468 6520 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 the encrypted de\n-00036480: 7669 6365 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 6d6f vice in plain mo\n-00036490: 6465 2e20 204f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2074 de. Offset of t\n-000364a0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 he. encrypte\n-000364b0: 6420 6461 7461 2061 7420 7468 6520 6465 d data at the de\n-000364c0: 7669 6365 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 vice is specifie\n-000364d0: 6420 696e 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 3531 d in terms of 51\n-000364e0: 3220 6279 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6374 2 byte. sect\n-000364f0: 6f72 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 626c ors using the bl\n-00036500: 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2061 ocklist syntax a\n-00036510: 6e64 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6465 7669 nd loopback devi\n-00036520: 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f ce. The. fo\n-00036530: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 llowing example \n-00036540: 7368 6f77 7320 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 shows how to spe\n-00036550: 6369 6679 2031 4d69 4220 6f66 6673 6574 cify 1MiB offset\n-00036560: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f :.. loo\n-00036570: 7062 6163 6b20 6e6f 6465 2028 6864 302c pback node (hd0,\n-00036580: 6770 7431 2932 3034 382b 0a20 2020 2020 gpt1)2048+. \n-00036590: 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 plainmount \n-000365a0: 6e6f 6465 202e 2e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 node ..... T\n-000365b0: 6865 20e2 8098 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 he ...plainmount\n-000365c0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 ... command can \n-000365d0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 206f 7065 6e20 be used to open \n-000365e0: 4c55 4b53 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2076 LUKS encrypted v\n-000365f0: 6f6c 756d 650a 2020 2020 2069 6620 6974 olume. if it\n-00036600: 7320 6d61 7374 6572 206b 6579 2061 6e64 s master key and\n-00036610: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 286b 6579 parameters (key\n-00036620: 2073 697a 652c 2063 6970 6865 722c 206f size, cipher, o\n-00036630: 6666 7365 742c 2065 7463 290a 2020 2020 ffset, etc). \n-00036640: 2061 7265 206b 6e6f 776e 2e0a 0a20 2020 are known... \n-00036650: 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 There are two \n-00036660: 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 ways to specify \n-00036670: 6120 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a20 6120 6b65 a password: a ke\n-00036680: 7966 696c 6520 616e 6420 6120 7365 6372 yfile and a secr\n-00036690: 6574 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 7068 7261 et. passphra\n-000366a0: 7365 2e20 2054 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 se. The keyfile\n-000366b0: 2070 6174 6820 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 path parameter \n-000366c0: 6861 7320 6869 6768 6572 2070 7269 6f72 has higher prior\n-000366d0: 6974 7920 7468 616e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ity than. th\n-000366e0: 6520 7365 6372 6574 2070 6173 7370 6872 e secret passphr\n-000366f0: 6173 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 616e ase parameter an\n-00036700: 6420 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 d is specified w\n-00036710: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 ith the option. \n-00036720: 2020 2020 e280 982d 64e2 8099 2e20 2050 ...-d.... P\n-00036730: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 206f 6274 assword data obt\n-00036740: 6169 6e65 6420 6672 6f6d 206b 6579 6669 ained from keyfi\n-00036750: 6c65 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2068 6173 6865 les is not hashe\n-00036760: 6420 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 d and is. us\n-00036770: 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6173 2061 ed directly as a\n-00036780: 2063 6970 6865 7220 6b65 792e 2020 416e cipher key. An\n-00036790: 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 6f66 6673 6574 optional offset\n-000367a0: 206f 6620 7061 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 of password dat\n-000367b0: 610a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6b65 a. in the ke\n-000367c0: 7966 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 yfile can be spe\n-000367d0: 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 cified with the \n-000367e0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 option ...-O... \n-000367f0: 6f72 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 2020 2020 or directly. \n-00036800: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e with the option\n-00036810: 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 ...-d... and GR\n-00036820: 5542 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e UB blocklist syn\n-00036830: 7461 782c 2069 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7966 tax, if the keyf\n-00036840: 696c 6520 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 6361 ile data. ca\n-00036850: 6e20 6265 2061 6363 6573 7365 6420 6672 n be accessed fr\n-00036860: 6f6d 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e 6420 om a device and \n-00036870: 6973 2035 3132 2062 7974 6520 616c 6967 is 512 byte alig\n-00036880: 6e65 642e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 ned. The. f\n-00036890: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ollowing example\n-000368a0: 2073 686f 7773 2062 6f74 6820 6d65 7468 shows both meth\n-000368b0: 6f64 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2070 ods to specify p\n-000368c0: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 2069 6e0a assword data in.\n-000368d0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 the keyfile\n-000368e0: 2061 7420 6f66 6673 6574 2031 4d69 423a at offset 1MiB:\n-000368f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 .. plai\n-00036900: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 202d 6420 2868 6430 2c67 nmount -d (hd0,g\n-00036910: 7074 3129 3230 3438 2b20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 pt1)2048+ .... \n-00036920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 plainmou\n-00036930: 6e74 202d 6420 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 nt -d (hd0,gpt1)\n-00036940: 2b20 2d4f 2031 3034 3835 3736 202e 2e2e + -O 1048576 ...\n-00036950: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6e6f 206b 6579 .. If no key\n-00036960: 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 file is specifie\n-00036970: 6420 7468 656e 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 d then the passw\n-00036980: 6f72 6420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 ord is set to th\n-00036990: 6520 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7370 e string. sp\n-000369a0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 206f 7074 696f ecified by optio\n-000369b0: 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206f 7220 6973 n ...-p... or is\n-000369c0: 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2069 6e74 6572 requested inter\n-000369d0: 6163 7469 7665 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 7468 actively from th\n-000369e0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 e. console. \n-000369f0: 2049 6e20 626f 7468 2063 6173 6573 2074 In both cases t\n-00036a00: 6865 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 7061 7373 he provided pass\n-00036a10: 776f 7264 2069 7320 6861 7368 6564 2077 word is hashed w\n-00036a20: 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 2061 6c67 ith the. alg\n-00036a30: 6f72 6974 686d 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 orithm specified\n-00036a40: 2062 7920 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 by the option .\n-00036a50: 8098 2d68 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206f ..-h.... This o\n-00036a60: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206d 616e 6461 746f ption is mandato\n-00036a70: 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6966 206e 6f20 6b65 ry. if no ke\n-00036a80: 7966 696c 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 yfile is specifi\n-00036a90: 6564 2c20 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 ed, but it can b\n-00036aa0: 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 706c 6169 e set to ...plai\n-00036ab0: 6ee2 8099 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 n... which. \n-00036ac0: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 206e 6f20 6861 means that no ha\n-00036ad0: 7368 696e 6720 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 616e shing is done an\n-00036ae0: 6420 7375 6368 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 d such password \n-00036af0: 6973 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 is used directly\n-00036b00: 2061 730a 2020 2020 2061 206b 6579 2e0a as. a key..\n-00036b10: 0a20 2020 2020 4369 7068 6572 20e2 8098 . Cipher ...\n-00036b20: 2d63 e280 9920 616e 6420 6b65 7973 697a -c... and keysiz\n-00036b30: 6520 e280 982d 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-s... optio\n-00036b40: 6e73 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 2063 ns specify the c\n-00036b50: 6970 6865 7220 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d0a ipher algorithm.\n-00036b60: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206b 6579 and the key\n-00036b70: 2073 697a 6520 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 size respective\n-00036b80: 6c79 2061 6e64 2061 7265 206d 616e 6461 ly and are manda\n-00036b90: 746f 7279 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2043 tory options. C\n-00036ba0: 6970 6865 720a 2020 2020 206d 7573 7420 ipher. must \n-00036bb0: 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 be specified wit\n-00036bc0: 6820 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 2073 6570 6172 h the mode separ\n-00036bd0: 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 6461 7368 2028 ated by a dash (\n-00036be0: 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a20 2020 for example,. \n-00036bf0: 2020 e280 9861 6573 2d78 7473 2d70 6c61 ...aes-xts-pla\n-00036c00: 696e 3634 e280 9929 2e20 204b 6579 2073 in64...). Key s\n-00036c10: 697a 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d73 ize option ...-s\n-00036c20: e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 206b 6579 2073 ... is the key s\n-00036c30: 697a 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ize of the. \n-00036c40: 6369 7068 6572 2069 6e20 6269 7473 2c20 cipher in bits, \n-00036c50: 6e6f 7420 746f 2062 6520 636f 6e66 7573 not to be confus\n-00036c60: 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f66 6673 ed with the offs\n-00036c70: 6574 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6461 et of the key da\n-00036c80: 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 206b 6579 ta. in a key\n-00036c90: 6669 6c65 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 file specified w\n-00036ca0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 4fe2 8099 ith the ...-O...\n-00036cb0: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 4974 206d 7573 option. It mus\n-00036cc0: 7420 6e6f 7420 6578 6365 6564 0a20 2020 t not exceed. \n-00036cd0: 2020 3130 3234 2062 6974 732c 2073 6f20 1024 bits, so \n-00036ce0: 6120 3332 2062 7974 6520 6b65 7920 776f a 32 byte key wo\n-00036cf0: 756c 6420 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 uld be specified\n-00036d00: 2061 7320 3235 3620 6269 7473 0a0a 2020 as 256 bits.. \n-00036d10: 2020 2054 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 The optional \n-00036d20: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 e280 982d 53e2 parameter ...-S.\n-00036d30: 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2065 6e63 .. specifies enc\n-00036d40: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 7365 rypted device se\n-00036d50: 6374 6f72 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 2020 ctor size.. \n-00036d60: 4974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 7420 6c65 It must be at le\n-00036d70: 6173 7420 3531 3220 6279 7465 7320 6c6f ast 512 bytes lo\n-00036d80: 6e67 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 ng (default valu\n-00036d90: 6529 2061 6e64 2061 2070 6f77 6572 206f e) and a power o\n-00036da0: 660a 2020 2020 2032 2e20 2028 3129 2020 f. 2. (1) \n-00036db0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e (*note plainmoun\n-00036dc0: 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e t-Footnote-1::).\n-00036dd0: 2020 4469 736b 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 Disk sector si\n-00036de0: 7a65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 ze is. confi\n-00036df0: 6775 7265 6420 7768 656e 2063 7265 6174 gured when creat\n-00036e00: 696e 6720 7468 6520 656e 6372 7970 7465 ing the encrypte\n-00036e10: 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 2e20 2041 7474 656d d volume. Attem\n-00036e20: 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6465 pting to. de\n-00036e30: 6372 7970 7420 766f 6c75 6d65 7320 7769 crypt volumes wi\n-00036e40: 7468 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2073 th a different s\n-00036e50: 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2074 6861 6e20 ector size than \n-00036e60: 6974 2077 6173 2063 7265 6174 6564 0a20 it was created. \n-00036e70: 2020 2020 7769 7468 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f with will no\n-00036e80: 7420 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 616e 2065 t result in an e\n-00036e90: 7272 6f72 2c20 6275 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 rror, but will d\n-00036ea0: 6563 7279 7074 2074 6f20 7261 6e64 6f6d ecrypt to random\n-00036eb0: 2062 7974 6573 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 bytes. and \n-00036ec0: 7468 7573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2061 6363 thus prevent acc\n-00036ed0: 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2076 6f6c 756d essing the volum\n-00036ee0: 6520 2869 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 e (in some cases\n-00036ef0: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a the filesystem.\n-00036f00: 2020 2020 2064 7269 7665 7220 6361 6e20 driver can \n-00036f10: 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2070 7265 7365 detect the prese\n-00036f20: 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 nce of a filesys\n-00036f30: 7465 6d2c 2062 7574 206e 6576 6572 7468 tem, but neverth\n-00036f40: 656c 6573 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 eless. will \n-00036f50: 7265 6675 7365 2074 6f20 6d6f 756e 7420 refuse to mount \n-00036f60: 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 it)... By de\n-00036f70: 6661 756c 7420 6e65 7720 706c 6169 6e6d fault new plainm\n-00036f80: 6f75 6e74 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 696c ount devices wil\n-00036f90: 6c20 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 2055 5549 l be given a UUI\n-00036fa0: 4420 7374 6172 7469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 D starting. \n-00036fb0: 7769 7468 2027 3130 3966 6561 3834 2d61 with '109fea84-a\n-00036fc0: 3662 372d 3334 6138 2d34 6264 312d 3163 6b7-34a8-4bd1-1c\n-00036fd0: 3530 3633 3035 6134 3031 2720 7768 6572 506305a401' wher\n-00036fe0: 6520 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2064 6967 6974 e the last digit\n-00036ff0: 730a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2069 6e63 7265 s. are incre\n-00037000: 6d65 6e74 6564 2062 7920 6f6e 6520 666f mented by one fo\n-00037010: 7220 6561 6368 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e r each plainmoun\n-00037020: 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 2062 6579 6f6e ted device beyon\n-00037030: 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6972 7374 d the. first\n-00037040: 2075 7020 746f 2032 5e31 3020 6465 7669 up to 2^10 devi\n-00037050: 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 2065 ces... All e\n-00037060: 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 ncryption argume\n-00037070: 6e74 7320 2863 6970 6865 722c 2068 6173 nts (cipher, has\n-00037080: 682c 206b 6579 2073 697a 652c 2064 6973 h, key size, dis\n-00037090: 6b20 6f66 6673 6574 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 k offset and. \n-000370a0: 2020 6469 736b 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 disk sector si\n-000370b0: 7a65 2920 6d75 7374 206d 6174 6368 2074 ze) must match t\n-000370c0: 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 7573 he parameters us\n-000370d0: 6564 2074 6f20 6372 6561 7465 2074 6865 ed to create the\n-000370e0: 0a20 2020 2020 766f 6c75 6d65 2e20 2049 . volume. I\n-000370f0: 6620 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 6d20 646f f any of them do\n-00037100: 6573 206e 6f74 206d 6174 6368 2074 6865 es not match the\n-00037110: 2061 6374 7561 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 actual argument\n-00037120: 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 s used. duri\n-00037130: 6e67 2074 6865 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2065 ng the initial e\n-00037140: 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e2c 2070 6c61 696e ncryption, plain\n-00037150: 6d6f 756e 7420 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 mount will creat\n-00037160: 6520 7669 7274 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 e virtual. d\n-00037170: 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 2074 6865 2067 evice with the g\n-00037180: 6172 6261 6765 2064 6174 6120 616e 6420 arbage data and \n-00037190: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7265 706f 7274 GRUB will report\n-000371a0: 2075 6e6b 6e6f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 6669 unknown. fi\n-000371b0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2066 6f72 2073 7563 lesystem for suc\n-000371c0: 6820 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c h device.....Fil\n-000371d0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000371e0: 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742d ode: plainmount-\n-000371f0: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Footnotes, Up: \n-00037200: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 0a0a 2020 2028 plainmount.. (\n-00037210: 3129 2043 7572 7265 6e74 2069 6d70 6c65 1) Current imple\n-00037220: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 7279 mentation of cry\n-00037230: 7074 7365 7475 7020 7375 7070 6f72 7473 ptsetup supports\n-00037240: 206f 6e6c 790a 3531 322f 3130 3234 2f32 only.512/1024/2\n-00037250: 3034 382f 3430 3936 2062 7974 6520 7365 048/4096 byte se\n-00037260: 6374 6f72 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ctors....File: g\n-00037270: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00037280: 2070 6c61 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7072 play, Next: pr\n-00037290: 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c 6169 obe, Prev: plai\n-000372a0: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d nmount, Up: Com\n-000372b0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000372c0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3720 706c 6179 ds..17.4.57 play\n-000372d0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n-000372e0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 706c 6179 -- Command: play\n-000372f0: 2066 696c 6520 7c20 7465 6d70 6f20 5b70 file | tempo [p\n-00037300: 6974 6368 3120 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 315d itch1 duration1]\n-00037310: 205b 7069 7463 6832 2064 7572 6174 696f [pitch2 duratio\n-00037320: 6e32 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 6c61 n2] .... Pla\n-00037330: 7973 2061 2074 756e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 ys a tune.. \n-00037340: 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 If the argument \n-00037350: 6973 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 is a file name (\n-00037360: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 *note File name \n-00037370: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2070 6c61 7920 syntax::), play \n-00037380: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 756e 6520 7265 the. tune re\n-00037390: 636f 7264 6564 2069 6e20 6974 2e20 2054 corded in it. T\n-000373a0: 6865 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2069 he file format i\n-000373b0: 7320 6669 7273 7420 7468 6520 7465 6d70 s first the temp\n-000373c0: 6f20 6173 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 o as an. uns\n-000373d0: 6967 6e65 6420 3332 6269 7420 6c69 7474 igned 32bit litt\n-000373e0: 6c65 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 le-endian number\n-000373f0: 2c20 7468 656e 2070 6169 7273 206f 6620 , then pairs of \n-00037400: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2031 3662 6974 0a20 unsigned 16bit. \n-00037410: 2020 2020 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 6961 little-endia\n-00037420: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 7069 n numbers for pi\n-00037430: 7463 6820 616e 6420 6475 7261 7469 6f6e tch and duration\n-00037440: 2070 6169 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 pairs... If\n-00037450: 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2061 the arguments a\n-00037460: 7265 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 206e re a series of n\n-00037470: 756d 6265 7273 2c20 706c 6179 2074 6865 umbers, play the\n-00037480: 2069 6e6c 696e 6520 7475 6e65 2e0a 0a20 inline tune... \n-00037490: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 6d70 6f20 6973 The tempo is\n-000374a0: 2074 6865 2062 6173 6520 666f 7220 616c the base for al\n-000374b0: 6c20 6e6f 7465 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e73 l note durations\n-000374c0: 2e20 2036 3020 6769 7665 7320 6120 312d . 60 gives a 1-\n-000374d0: 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6261 7365 second. base\n-000374e0: 2c20 3132 3020 6769 7665 7320 6120 6861 , 120 gives a ha\n-000374f0: 6c66 2d73 6563 6f6e 6420 6261 7365 2c20 lf-second base, \n-00037500: 6574 632e 2020 5069 7463 6865 7320 6172 etc. Pitches ar\n-00037510: 6520 487a 2e20 2053 6574 0a20 2020 2020 e Hz. Set. \n-00037520: 7069 7463 6820 746f 2030 2074 6f20 7072 pitch to 0 to pr\n-00037530: 6f64 7563 6520 6120 7265 7374 2e0a 0a1f oduce a rest....\n-00037540: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00037550: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 , Node: probe, \n-00037560: 204e 6578 743a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 2050 Next: rdmsr, P\n-00037570: 7265 763a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: play, Up: \n-00037580: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00037590: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3538 2070 mands..17.4.58 p\n-000375a0: 726f 6265 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d robe.-----------\n-000375b0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-000375c0: 2070 726f 6265 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 7661 probe [--set va\n-000375d0: 725d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d64 r]. --d\n-000375e0: 7269 7665 727c 2d2d 7061 7274 6d61 707c river|--partmap|\n-000375f0: 2d2d 6673 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 7c2d --fs|--fs-uuid|-\n-00037600: 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d70 6172 742d 7575 -label|--part-uu\n-00037610: 6964 2064 6576 6963 650a 2020 2020 2052 id device. R\n-00037620: 6574 7269 6576 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 etrieve device i\n-00037630: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 nformation. If \n-00037640: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 option ...--set.\n-00037650: 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2061 7373 .. is given, ass\n-00037660: 6967 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 6573 756c 7420 ign. result \n-00037670: 746f 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522c to variable VAR,\n-00037680: 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2070 7269 6e74 otherwise print\n-00037690: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 information on \n-000376a0: 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a20 2020 the screen... \n-000376b0: 2020 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 The option ...\n-000376c0: 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 2069 --part-uuid... i\n-000376d0: 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 s currently only\n-000376e0: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2066 6f72 implemented for\n-000376f0: 204d 5344 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 MSDOS. and \n-00037700: 4750 5420 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 GPT formatted di\n-00037710: 736b 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 sks.....File: gr\n-00037720: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00037730: 7264 6d73 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 rdmsr, Next: re\n-00037740: 6164 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 726f 6265 ad, Prev: probe\n-00037750: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00037760: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00037770: 2e34 2e35 3920 7264 6d73 720a 2d2d 2d2d .4.59 rdmsr.----\n-00037780: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00037790: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a3a 2072 646d 7372 2030 ommand:: rdmsr 0\n-000377a0: 7841 4444 5220 5b2d 7620 5641 524e 414d xADDR [-v VARNAM\n-000377b0: 455d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2061 206d E]. Read a m\n-000377c0: 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 odel-specific re\n-000377d0: 6769 7374 6572 2061 7420 6164 6472 6573 gister at addres\n-000377e0: 7320 3078 4144 4452 2e20 4966 2074 6865 s 0xADDR. If the\n-000377f0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 0a20 2020 2020 parameter. \n-00037800: e280 982d 76e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 ...-v... is used\n-00037810: 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d and an environm\n-00037820: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 ent variable VAR\n-00037830: 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 NAME is given, s\n-00037840: 6574 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 et that. env\n-00037850: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00037860: 6520 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2074 e to the value t\n-00037870: 6861 7420 7761 7320 7265 6164 2e0a 0a20 hat was read... \n-00037880: 2020 2020 506c 6561 7365 206e 6f74 6520 Please note \n-00037890: 7468 6174 206f 6e20 534d 5020 7379 7374 that on SMP syst\n-000378a0: 656d 732c 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2066 726f ems, reading fro\n-000378b0: 6d20 6120 4d53 5220 7468 6174 2068 6173 m a MSR that has\n-000378c0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7363 6f70 6520 7065 a. scope pe\n-000378d0: 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2074 6872 6561 r hardware threa\n-000378e0: 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 6861 7420 d, implies that \n-000378f0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2069 the value that i\n-00037900: 7320 7265 7475 726e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 s returned. \n-00037910: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 only applies to \n-00037920: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2063 the particular c\n-00037930: 7075 2f63 6f72 652f 7468 7265 6164 2074 pu/core/thread t\n-00037940: 6861 7420 7275 6e73 2074 6865 0a20 2020 hat runs the. \n-00037950: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 command... \n-00037960: 2041 6c73 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7370 Also, if you sp\n-00037970: 6563 6966 7920 6120 7265 7365 7276 6564 ecify a reserved\n-00037980: 206f 7220 756e 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 or unimplemente\n-00037990: 6420 4d53 5220 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 d MSR address, i\n-000379a0: 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6361 7573 t. will caus\n-000379b0: 6520 6120 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 6f74 e a general prot\n-000379c0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e ection exception\n-000379d0: 2028 7768 6963 6820 6973 206e 6f74 2063 (which is not c\n-000379e0: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6265 urrently. be\n-000379f0: 696e 6720 6861 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 6e64 ing handled) and\n-00037a00: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7769 6c6c the system will\n-00037a10: 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 reboot.....File\n-00037a20: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00037a30: 6465 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: read, Next:\n-00037a40: 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 reboot, Prev: \n-00037a50: 7264 6d73 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d rdmsr, Up: Comm\n-00037a60: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00037a70: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3630 2072 6561 640a s..17.4.60 read.\n-00037a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00037a90: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6561 6420 - Command: read \n-00037aa0: 5b2d 735d 205b 7661 725d 0a20 2020 2020 [-s] [var]. \n-00037ab0: 5265 6164 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2069 Read a line of i\n-00037ac0: 6e70 7574 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7573 nput from the us\n-00037ad0: 6572 2e20 2049 6620 616e 2065 6e76 6972 er. If an envir\n-00037ae0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-00037af0: 5641 520a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6769 7665 VAR. is give\n-00037b00: 6e2c 2073 6574 2074 6861 7420 656e 7669 n, set that envi\n-00037b10: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00037b20: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 to the line of \n-00037b30: 696e 7075 7420 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 input that. \n-00037b40: 7761 7320 7265 6164 2c20 7769 7468 206e was read, with n\n-00037b50: 6f20 7465 726d 696e 6174 696e 6720 6e65 o terminating ne\n-00037b60: 776c 696e 652e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2070 wline. If the p\n-00037b70: 6172 616d 6574 6572 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 arameter ...-s..\n-00037b80: 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 2c20 . is. used, \n-00037b90: 656e 6162 6c65 2073 696c 656e 7420 6d6f enable silent mo\n-00037ba0: 6465 2077 6865 7265 2069 6e70 7574 2069 de where input i\n-00037bb0: 7320 6e6f 7420 7072 696e 7465 6420 746f s not printed to\n-00037bc0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e the. termin\n-00037bd0: 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 al.....File: gru\n-00037be0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 b.info, Node: r\n-00037bf0: 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 eboot, Next: re\n-00037c00: 6765 7870 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6561 gexp, Prev: rea\n-00037c10: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d d, Up: Command-\n-00037c20: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00037c30: 372e 342e 3631 2072 6562 6f6f 740a 2d2d 7.4.61 reboot.--\n-00037c40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00037c50: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6562 6f6f - Command: reboo\n-00037c60: 740a 2020 2020 2052 6562 6f6f 7420 7468 t. Reboot th\n-00037c70: 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 e computer.....F\n-00037c80: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00037c90: 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 Node: regexp, \n-00037ca0: 4e65 7874 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 Next: rmmod, Pr\n-00037cb0: 6576 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a ev: reboot, Up:\n-00037cc0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00037cd0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3220 mmands..17.4.62 \n-00037ce0: 7265 6765 7870 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d regexp.---------\n-00037cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00037d00: 6e64 3a20 7265 6765 7870 205b 2d2d 7365 nd: regexp [--se\n-00037d10: 7420 5b6e 756d 6265 723a 5d76 6172 5d20 t [number:]var] \n-00037d20: 7265 6765 7870 2073 7472 696e 670a 2020 regexp string. \n-00037d30: 2020 2054 6573 7420 6966 2072 6567 756c Test if regul\n-00037d40: 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 5245 ar expression RE\n-00037d50: 4745 5850 206d 6174 6368 6573 2053 5452 GEXP matches STR\n-00037d60: 494e 472e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 640a ING. Supported.\n-00037d70: 2020 2020 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 7870 regular exp\n-00037d80: 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2050 4f53 ressions are POS\n-00037d90: 4958 2e32 2045 7874 656e 6465 6420 5265 IX.2 Extended Re\n-00037da0: 6775 6c61 7220 4578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e gular Expression\n-00037db0: 732e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 s. If. opti\n-00037dc0: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 2069 on ...--set... i\n-00037dd0: 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 746f 7265 204e s given, store N\n-00037de0: 554d 4245 5274 6820 6d61 7463 6865 6420 UMBERth matched \n-00037df0: 7375 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 696e subexpression in\n-00037e00: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 . variable V\n-00037e10: 4152 2e20 2053 7562 6578 7072 6573 7369 AR. Subexpressi\n-00037e20: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 6564 ons are numbered\n-00037e30: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 in order of the\n-00037e40: 6972 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 656e 696e 6720 ir. opening \n-00037e50: 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 7374 6172 parentheses star\n-00037e60: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9831 e280 ting from ...1..\n-00037e70: 992e 2020 4e55 4d42 4552 2064 6566 6175 .. NUMBER defau\n-00037e80: 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2e0a lts to ...1.....\n-00037e90: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00037ea0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6d6d 6f64 fo, Node: rmmod\n-00037eb0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6176 655f 656e , Next: save_en\n-00037ec0: 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7265 6765 7870 v, Prev: regexp\n-00037ed0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00037ee0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00037ef0: 2e34 2e36 3320 726d 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d .4.63 rmmod.----\n-00037f00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00037f10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 726d 6d6f 6420 6d6f ommand: rmmod mo\n-00037f20: 6475 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 dule. Remove\n-00037f30: 2061 206c 6f61 6465 6420 4d4f 4455 4c45 a loaded MODULE\n-00037f40: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00037f50: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6176 info, Node: sav\n-00037f60: 655f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 e_env, Next: se\n-00037f70: 6172 6368 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6d6d arch, Prev: rmm\n-00037f80: 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 od, Up: Command\n-00037f90: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00037fa0: 3137 2e34 2e36 3420 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 17.4.64 save_env\n-00037fb0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00037fc0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00037fd0: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 save_env [--file\n-00037fe0: 2066 696c 655d 2076 6172 202e 2e2e 0a20 file] var .... \n-00037ff0: 2020 2020 5361 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d Save the nam\n-00038000: 6564 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f ed variables fro\n-00038010: 6d20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e m the environmen\n-00038020: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e t to the environ\n-00038030: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 ment. block \n-00038040: 6669 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2045 6e76 file. *Note Env\n-00038050: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a ironment block::\n-00038060: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d ... The ...-\n-00038070: 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 -file... option \n-00038080: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 overrides the de\n-00038090: 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f fault location o\n-000380a0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 f the. envir\n-000380b0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 onment block... \n-000380c0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n-000380d0: 2077 696c 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 6520 7375 will operate su\n-000380e0: 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2065 7665 6e20 ccessfully even \n-000380f0: 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 when environment\n-00038100: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 . variable .\n-00038110: 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 ..check_signatur\n-00038120: 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 es... is set to \n-00038130: e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 9920 282a ...enforce... (*\n-00038140: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6563 6b5f note. check_\n-00038150: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292c 2073 signatures::), s\n-00038160: 696e 6365 2069 7420 7772 6974 6573 2074 ince it writes t\n-00038170: 6f20 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2064 6f65 7320 o disk and does \n-00038180: 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 7220 7468 650a 2020 not alter the. \n-00038190: 2020 2062 6568 6176 696f 7220 6f66 2047 behavior of G\n-000381a0: 5255 4220 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2061 6e79 RUB based on any\n-000381b0: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 6973 contents of dis\n-000381c0: 6b20 7468 6174 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e k that have been\n-000381d0: 2072 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 read.. It i\n-000381e0: 7320 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 6d6f s possible to mo\n-000381f0: 6469 6679 2061 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 dify a digitally\n-00038200: 2073 6967 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d signed environm\n-00038210: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 ent block file. \n-00038220: 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 from within \n-00038230: 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 GRUB using this \n-00038240: 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2073 7563 6820 7468 command, such th\n-00038250: 6174 2069 7473 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 at its signature\n-00038260: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f20 6c6f will. no lo\n-00038270: 6e67 6572 2062 6520 7661 6c69 6420 6f6e nger be valid on\n-00038280: 2073 7562 7365 7175 656e 7420 626f 6f74 subsequent boot\n-00038290: 732e 2020 4361 7265 2073 686f 756c 6420 s. Care should \n-000382a0: 6265 2074 616b 656e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 be taken in. \n-000382b0: 2073 7563 6820 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2063 such advanced c\n-000382c0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 746f onfigurations to\n-000382d0: 2061 766f 6964 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 avoid rendering\n-000382e0: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 the system. \n-000382f0: 2075 6e62 6f6f 7461 626c 652e 2020 2a4e unbootable. *N\n-00038300: 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 ote Using digita\n-00038310: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 l signatures::, \n-00038320: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e for more. in\n-00038330: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 formation.....Fi\n-00038340: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00038350: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 2c20 204e Node: search, N\n-00038360: 6578 743a 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 2050 ext: sendkey, P\n-00038370: 7265 763a 2073 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 rev: save_env, \n-00038380: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00038390: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-000383a0: 3635 2073 6561 7263 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 65 search.------\n-000383b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-000383c0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6561 7263 6820 5b2d mmand: search [-\n-000383d0: 2d66 696c 657c 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c 2d2d -file|--label|--\n-000383e0: 6673 2d75 7569 645d 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 fs-uuid] [--set \n-000383f0: 5b76 6172 5d5d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 [var]]. \n-00038400: 205b 2d2d 6e6f 2d66 6c6f 7070 797c 2d2d [--no-floppy|--\n-00038410: 6566 6964 6973 6b2d 6f6e 6c79 5d20 6e61 efidisk-only] na\n-00038420: 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2064 me. Search d\n-00038430: 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 6669 6c65 2028 evices by file (\n-00038440: e280 982d 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d66 ...-f..., ...--f\n-00038450: 696c 65e2 8099 292c 2066 696c 6573 7973 ile...), filesys\n-00038460: 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c20 28e2 8098 2d6c tem label (...-l\n-00038470: e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d6c ...,. ...--l\n-00038480: 6162 656c e280 9929 2c20 6f72 2066 696c abel...), or fil\n-00038490: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 5555 4944 2028 e280 esystem UUID (..\n-000384a0: 982d 75e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d66 732d .-u..., ...--fs-\n-000384b0: 7575 6964 e280 9929 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 uuid...)... \n-000384c0: 4966 2074 6865 2028 e280 982d 73e2 8099 If the (...-s...\n-000384d0: 2c20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9929 206f , ...--set...) o\n-000384e0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 ption is used, t\n-000384f0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2064 6576 6963 6520 he first device \n-00038500: 666f 756e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 found is. se\n-00038510: 7420 6173 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f t as the value o\n-00038520: 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 f environment va\n-00038530: 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2054 6865 riable VAR. The\n-00038540: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2076 6172 6961 626c default variabl\n-00038550: 650a 2020 2020 2069 7320 e280 9872 6f6f e. is ...roo\n-00038560: 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 t...... The \n-00038570: 28e2 8098 2d6e e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d (...-n..., ...--\n-00038580: 6e6f 2d66 6c6f 7070 79e2 8099 2920 6f70 no-floppy...) op\n-00038590: 7469 6f6e 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7365 tion prevents se\n-000385a0: 6172 6368 696e 6720 666c 6f70 7079 2064 arching floppy d\n-000385b0: 6576 6963 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6869 evices,. whi\n-000385c0: 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 736c 6f77 2e0a ch can be slow..\n-000385d0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 28e2 8098 2d2d . The (...--\n-000385e0: 6566 6964 6973 6b2d 6f6e 6c79 e280 9929 efidisk-only...)\n-000385f0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 6576 656e 7473 option prevents\n-00038600: 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 2061 6e79 206f searching any o\n-00038610: 7468 6572 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 ther devices. \n-00038620: 2020 7468 656e 2045 4649 2064 6973 6b73 then EFI disks\n-00038630: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2074 7970 6963 . This is typic\n-00038640: 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6420 7768 656e 2063 ally used when c\n-00038650: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 746f 206c hainloading to l\n-00038660: 6f63 616c 0a20 2020 2020 4546 4920 7061 ocal. EFI pa\n-00038670: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 rtition... T\n-00038680: 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 696c he ...search.fil\n-00038690: 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 682e e..., ...search.\n-000386a0: 6673 5f6c 6162 656c e280 992c 2061 6e64 fs_label..., and\n-000386b0: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f 7575 ...search.fs_uu\n-000386c0: 6964 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 id... commands. \n-000386d0: 2020 2020 6172 6520 616c 6961 7365 7320 are aliases \n-000386e0: 666f 7220 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d for ...search --\n-000386f0: 6669 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7365 6172 file..., ...sear\n-00038700: 6368 202d 2d6c 6162 656c e280 992c 2061 ch --label..., a\n-00038710: 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 0a20 2020 nd ...search. \n-00038720: 2020 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 2072 --fs-uuid... r\n-00038730: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 espectively... \n-00038740: 2020 2041 6c73 6f20 6869 6e74 7320 6173 Also hints as\n-00038750: 2074 6f20 7768 6963 6820 6465 7669 6365 to which device\n-00038760: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 may be the most\n-00038770: 206c 696b 656c 7920 746f 2063 6f6e 7461 likely to conta\n-00038780: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d in the. item\n-00038790: 2073 6561 7263 6865 6420 666f 7220 6d61 searched for ma\n-000387a0: 7920 6265 2067 6976 656e 2076 6961 2074 y be given via t\n-000387b0: 6865 2028 e280 982d 68e2 8099 2c20 e280 he (...-h..., ..\n-000387c0: 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 .--hint...) opti\n-000387d0: 6f6e 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 2061 2064 on with. a d\n-000387e0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7320 616e evice name as an\n-000387f0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 742e 2020 4966 2074 argument. If t\n-00038800: 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 656e 6473 he argument ends\n-00038810: 2077 6974 6820 6120 636f 6d6d 612c 0a20 with a comma,. \n-00038820: 2020 2020 7468 656e 2070 6172 7469 7469 then partiti\n-00038830: 6f6e 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 ons on the devic\n-00038840: 6520 6172 6520 616c 736f 2073 6561 7263 e are also searc\n-00038850: 6865 642e 2020 4675 7274 6865 726d 6f72 hed. Furthermor\n-00038860: 652c 0a20 2020 2020 706c 6174 666f 726d e,. platform\n-00038870: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 6869 6e74 7320 specific hints \n-00038880: 6d61 7920 6265 2067 6976 656e 2076 6961 may be given via\n-00038890: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a20 2020 the options. \n-000388a0: 2020 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6965 6565 ...--hint-ieee\n-000388b0: 3132 3735 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 1275..., ...--hi\n-000388c0: 6e74 2d62 696f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d nt-bios..., ...-\n-000388d0: 2d68 696e 742d 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6ce2 -hint-baremetal.\n-000388e0: 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6566 .., ...--hint-ef\n-000388f0: 69e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 20e2 i...,. and .\n-00038900: 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d61 7263 e280 992e ..--hint-arc....\n-00038910: 2020 5768 656e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 When specified\n-00038920: 2c20 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 , these options \n-00038930: 7461 6b65 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 take an argument\n-00038940: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6f70 6572 6174 . and operat\n-00038950: 6520 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 e like ...--hint\n-00038960: e280 992c 2062 7574 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e ..., but only on\n-00038970: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2070 the specified p\n-00038980: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 latform.....File\n-00038990: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000389a0: 6465 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 4e65 de: sendkey, Ne\n-000389b0: 7874 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 xt: set, Prev: \n-000389c0: 7365 6172 6368 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d search, Up: Com\n-000389d0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000389e0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3620 7365 6e64 ds..17.4.66 send\n-000389f0: 6b65 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d key.------------\n-00038a00: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00038a10: 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 2020 2020 2020 : sendkey. \n-00038a20: 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 756d 7c2d 2d63 6170 [--num|--cap\n-00038a30: 737c 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 7c2d 2d69 6e73 s|--scroll|--ins\n-00038a40: 6572 747c 2d2d 7061 7573 657c 2d2d 6c65 ert|--pause|--le\n-00038a50: 6674 2d73 6869 6674 7c2d 2d72 6967 6874 ft-shift|--right\n-00038a60: 2d73 6869 6674 7c2d 2d73 7973 7271 7c2d -shift|--sysrq|-\n-00038a70: 2d6e 756d 6b65 797c 2d2d 6361 7073 6b65 -numkey|--capske\n-00038a80: 797c 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 797c 2d2d y|--scrollkey|--\n-00038a90: 696e 7365 7274 6b65 797c 2d2d 6c65 6674 insertkey|--left\n-00038aa0: 2d61 6c74 7c2d 2d72 6967 6874 2d61 6c74 -alt|--right-alt\n-00038ab0: 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 6374 726c 7c2d 2d72 |--left-ctrl|--r\n-00038ac0: 6967 6874 2d63 7472 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 ight-ctrl. \n-00038ad0: 2020 2020 6f6e 7c6f 6666 5d2e 2e2e 205b on|off]... [\n-00038ae0: 6e6f 2d6c 6564 5d20 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b no-led] keystrok\n-00038af0: 650a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 6b65 e. Insert ke\n-00038b00: 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ystrokes into th\n-00038b10: 6520 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 e keyboard buffe\n-00038b20: 7220 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2e20 r when booting. \n-00038b30: 2053 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 Sometimes. \n-00038b40: 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 an operating sys\n-00038b50: 7465 6d20 6f72 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 tem or chainload\n-00038b60: 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2072 ed boot loader r\n-00038b70: 6571 7569 7265 7320 7061 7274 6963 756c equires particul\n-00038b80: 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7973 2074 6f20 ar. keys to \n-00038b90: 6265 2070 7265 7373 6564 3a20 666f 7220 be pressed: for \n-00038ba0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 206f 6e65 206d 6967 example, one mig\n-00038bb0: 6874 206e 6565 6420 746f 2070 7265 7373 ht need to press\n-00038bc0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6963 756c a. particul\n-00038bd0: 6172 206b 6579 2074 6f20 656e 7465 7220 ar key to enter \n-00038be0: 2273 6166 6520 6d6f 6465 222c 206f 7220 \"safe mode\", or \n-00038bf0: 7768 656e 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e when chainloadin\n-00038c00: 6720 616e 6f74 6865 720a 2020 2020 2062 g another. b\n-00038c10: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e65 206d oot loader one m\n-00038c20: 6967 6874 2073 656e 6420 6b65 7973 7472 ight send keystr\n-00038c30: 6f6b 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2074 6f20 6e61 okes to it to na\n-00038c40: 7669 6761 7465 2069 7473 206d 656e 752e vigate its menu.\n-00038c50: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6869 .. Note: Thi\n-00038c60: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2063 7572 s command is cur\n-00038c70: 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 rently only avai\n-00038c80: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2069 3338 lable on the i38\n-00038c90: 362d 7063 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 6-pc. target\n-00038ca0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 ... You may \n-00038cb0: 7072 6f76 6964 6520 7570 2074 6f20 3136 provide up to 16\n-00038cc0: 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 2874 6865 keystrokes (the\n-00038cd0: 206c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2042 length of the B\n-00038ce0: 494f 530a 2020 2020 206b 6579 626f 6172 IOS. keyboar\n-00038cf0: 6420 6275 6666 6572 292e 2020 4b65 7973 d buffer). Keys\n-00038d00: 7472 6f6b 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6d61 7920 troke names may \n-00038d10: 6265 2075 7070 6572 2d63 6173 6520 6f72 be upper-case or\n-00038d20: 206c 6f77 6572 2d63 6173 650a 2020 2020 lower-case. \n-00038d30: 206c 6574 7465 7273 2c20 6469 6769 7473 letters, digits\n-00038d40: 2c20 6f72 2074 616b 656e 2066 726f 6d20 , or taken from \n-00038d50: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 the following ta\n-00038d60: 626c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 616d 6520 ble:.. Name \n-00038d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204b 6579 0a20 2020 Key. \n-00038d90: 2020 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d --------------\n+00036220: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00036230: 643a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 d: password_pbkd\n+00036240: 6632 2075 7365 7220 6861 7368 6564 2d70 f2 user hashed-p\n+00036250: 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2020 2020 2044 6566 assword. Def\n+00036260: 696e 6520 6120 7573 6572 206e 616d 6564 ine a user named\n+00036270: 2055 5345 5220 7769 7468 2070 6173 7377 USER with passw\n+00036280: 6f72 6420 6861 7368 2048 4153 4845 442d ord hash HASHED-\n+00036290: 5041 5353 574f 5244 2e20 2055 7365 0a20 PASSWORD. Use. \n+000362a0: 2020 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 ...grub-mkpa\n+000362b0: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2028 sswd-pbkdf2... (\n+000362c0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 *note Invoking g\n+000362d0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n+000362e0: 6466 323a 3a29 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2067 df2::) to. g\n+000362f0: 656e 6572 6174 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 enerate password\n+00036300: 2068 6173 6865 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 hashes. *Note \n+00036310: 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Security::.....F\n+00036320: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00036330: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e Node: plainmoun\n+00036340: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 t, Next: play, \n+00036350: 2050 7265 763a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f Prev: password_\n+00036360: 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d pbkdf2, Up: Com\n+00036370: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00036380: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3620 706c 6169 ds..17.4.56 plai\n+00036390: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nmount.---------\n+000363a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+000363b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 ommand: plainmou\n+000363c0: 6e74 2064 6576 6963 6520 2d63 2063 6970 nt device -c cip\n+000363d0: 6865 7220 2d73 206b 6579 2073 697a 6520 her -s key size \n+000363e0: 5b2d 6820 6861 7368 5d0a 2020 2020 205b [-h hash]. [\n+000363f0: e280 982d 53e2 8099 2073 6563 746f 7220 ...-S... sector \n+00036400: 7369 7a65 5d20 5be2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 size] [...-p... \n+00036410: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5d20 5be2 8098 2d75 password] [...-u\n+00036420: e280 9920 7575 6964 5d20 5b5b e280 982d ... uuid] [[...-\n+00036430: 64e2 8099 206b 6579 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 d... keyfile]. \n+00036440: 2020 205b e280 982d 4fe2 8099 206b 6579 [...-O... key\n+00036450: 6669 6c65 206f 6666 7365 745d 5d0a 0a20 file offset]].. \n+00036460: 2020 2020 5365 7475 7020 6163 6365 7373 Setup access\n+00036470: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 656e 6372 7970 7465 to the encrypte\n+00036480: 6420 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e20 706c 6169 d device in plai\n+00036490: 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 204f 6666 7365 7420 n mode. Offset \n+000364a0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 of the. encr\n+000364b0: 7970 7465 6420 6461 7461 2061 7420 7468 ypted data at th\n+000364c0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 7370 6563 e device is spec\n+000364d0: 6966 6965 6420 696e 2074 6572 6d73 206f ified in terms o\n+000364e0: 6620 3531 3220 6279 7465 0a20 2020 2020 f 512 byte. \n+000364f0: 7365 6374 6f72 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 sectors using th\n+00036500: 6520 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 e blocklist synt\n+00036510: 6178 2061 6e64 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 ax and loopback \n+00036520: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 device. The. \n+00036530: 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d following exam\n+00036540: 706c 6520 7368 6f77 7320 686f 7720 746f ple shows how to\n+00036550: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2031 4d69 4220 6f66 specify 1MiB of\n+00036560: 6673 6574 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 fset:.. \n+00036570: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6e6f 6465 2028 loopback node (\n+00036580: 6864 302c 6770 7431 2932 3034 382b 0a20 hd0,gpt1)2048+. \n+00036590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f plainmo\n+000365a0: 756e 7420 6e6f 6465 202e 2e2e 0a0a 2020 unt node ..... \n+000365b0: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 706c 6169 6e6d The ...plainm\n+000365c0: 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ount... command \n+000365d0: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 206f can be used to o\n+000365e0: 7065 6e20 4c55 4b53 2065 6e63 7279 7074 pen LUKS encrypt\n+000365f0: 6564 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 2020 2020 2069 ed volume. i\n+00036600: 6620 6974 7320 6d61 7374 6572 206b 6579 f its master key\n+00036610: 2061 6e64 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 and parameters \n+00036620: 286b 6579 2073 697a 652c 2063 6970 6865 (key size, ciphe\n+00036630: 722c 206f 6666 7365 742c 2065 7463 290a r, offset, etc).\n+00036640: 2020 2020 2061 7265 206b 6e6f 776e 2e0a are known..\n+00036650: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 . There are \n+00036660: 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7370 6563 two ways to spec\n+00036670: 6966 7920 6120 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a20 ify a password: \n+00036680: 6120 6b65 7966 696c 6520 616e 6420 6120 a keyfile and a \n+00036690: 7365 6372 6574 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 secret. pass\n+000366a0: 7068 7261 7365 2e20 2054 6865 206b 6579 phrase. The key\n+000366b0: 6669 6c65 2070 6174 6820 7061 7261 6d65 file path parame\n+000366c0: 7465 7220 6861 7320 6869 6768 6572 2070 ter has higher p\n+000366d0: 7269 6f72 6974 7920 7468 616e 0a20 2020 riority than. \n+000366e0: 2020 7468 6520 7365 6372 6574 2070 6173 the secret pas\n+000366f0: 7370 6872 6173 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 sphrase paramete\n+00036700: 7220 616e 6420 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 r and is specifi\n+00036710: 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f70 7469 ed with the opti\n+00036720: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 64e2 8099 on. ...-d...\n+00036730: 2e20 2050 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 . Password data\n+00036740: 206f 6274 6169 6e65 6420 6672 6f6d 206b obtained from k\n+00036750: 6579 6669 6c65 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2068 eyfiles is not h\n+00036760: 6173 6865 6420 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 ashed and is. \n+00036770: 2020 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 used directly \n+00036780: 6173 2061 2063 6970 6865 7220 6b65 792e as a cipher key.\n+00036790: 2020 416e 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 6f66 An optional of\n+000367a0: 6673 6574 206f 6620 7061 7373 776f 7264 fset of password\n+000367b0: 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 data. in th\n+000367c0: 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 e keyfile can be\n+000367d0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 specified with \n+000367e0: 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d4f the option ...-O\n+000367f0: e280 9920 6f72 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a ... or directly.\n+00036800: 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f70 with the op\n+00036810: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 616e tion ...-d... an\n+00036820: 6420 4752 5542 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 d GRUB blocklist\n+00036830: 2073 796e 7461 782c 2069 6620 7468 6520 syntax, if the \n+00036840: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6461 7461 0a20 2020 keyfile data. \n+00036850: 2020 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6363 6573 7365 can be accesse\n+00036860: 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 d from a device \n+00036870: 616e 6420 6973 2035 3132 2062 7974 6520 and is 512 byte \n+00036880: 616c 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 650a 2020 aligned. The. \n+00036890: 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 7861 following exa\n+000368a0: 6d70 6c65 2073 686f 7773 2062 6f74 6820 mple shows both \n+000368b0: 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 methods to speci\n+000368c0: 6679 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 fy password data\n+000368d0: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206b 6579 in. the key\n+000368e0: 6669 6c65 2061 7420 6f66 6673 6574 2031 file at offset 1\n+000368f0: 4d69 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 MiB:.. \n+00036900: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 202d 6420 2868 plainmount -d (h\n+00036910: 6430 2c67 7074 3129 3230 3438 2b20 2e2e d0,gpt1)2048+ ..\n+00036920: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 .. plai\n+00036930: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 202d 6420 2868 6430 2c67 nmount -d (hd0,g\n+00036940: 7074 3129 2b20 2d4f 2031 3034 3835 3736 pt1)+ -O 1048576\n+00036950: 202e 2e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6e6f ..... If no\n+00036960: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7370 6563 keyfile is spec\n+00036970: 6966 6965 6420 7468 656e 2074 6865 2070 ified then the p\n+00036980: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6973 2073 6574 2074 assword is set t\n+00036990: 6f20 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 o the string. \n+000369a0: 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 206f specified by o\n+000369b0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206f ption ...-p... o\n+000369c0: 7220 6973 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2069 r is requested i\n+000369d0: 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 6c79 2066 726f nteractively fro\n+000369e0: 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 736f m the. conso\n+000369f0: 6c65 2e20 2049 6e20 626f 7468 2063 6173 le. In both cas\n+00036a00: 6573 2074 6865 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 es the provided \n+00036a10: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 6861 7368 password is hash\n+00036a20: 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 ed with the. \n+00036a30: 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 2073 7065 6369 algorithm speci\n+00036a40: 6669 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6f70 7469 fied by the opti\n+00036a50: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d68 e280 992e 2020 5468 on ...-h.... Th\n+00036a60: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206d 616e is option is man\n+00036a70: 6461 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6966 206e datory. if n\n+00036a80: 6f20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6973 2073 7065 o keyfile is spe\n+00036a90: 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6275 7420 6974 2063 cified, but it c\n+00036aa0: 616e 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 an be set to ...\n+00036ab0: 706c 6169 6ee2 8099 2077 6869 6368 0a20 plain... which. \n+00036ac0: 2020 2020 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 206e means that n\n+00036ad0: 6f20 6861 7368 696e 6720 6973 2064 6f6e o hashing is don\n+00036ae0: 6520 616e 6420 7375 6368 2070 6173 7377 e and such passw\n+00036af0: 6f72 6420 6973 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 ord is used dire\n+00036b00: 6374 6c79 2061 730a 2020 2020 2061 206b ctly as. a k\n+00036b10: 6579 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4369 7068 6572 ey... Cipher\n+00036b20: 20e2 8098 2d63 e280 9920 616e 6420 6b65 ...-c... and ke\n+00036b30: 7973 697a 6520 e280 982d 73e2 8099 206f ysize ...-s... o\n+00036b40: 7074 696f 6e73 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 ptions specify t\n+00036b50: 6865 2063 6970 6865 7220 616c 676f 7269 he cipher algori\n+00036b60: 7468 6d0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 thm. and the\n+00036b70: 206b 6579 2073 697a 6520 7265 7370 6563 key size respec\n+00036b80: 7469 7665 6c79 2061 6e64 2061 7265 206d tively and are m\n+00036b90: 616e 6461 746f 7279 206f 7074 696f 6e73 andatory options\n+00036ba0: 2e20 2043 6970 6865 720a 2020 2020 206d . Cipher. m\n+00036bb0: 7573 7420 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 ust be specified\n+00036bc0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 2073 with the mode s\n+00036bd0: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 6461 eparated by a da\n+00036be0: 7368 2028 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c sh (for example,\n+00036bf0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 6573 2d78 7473 . ...aes-xts\n+00036c00: 2d70 6c61 696e 3634 e280 9929 2e20 204b -plain64...). K\n+00036c10: 6579 2073 697a 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 ey size option .\n+00036c20: 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 206b ..-s... is the k\n+00036c30: 6579 2073 697a 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 ey size of the. \n+00036c40: 2020 2020 6369 7068 6572 2069 6e20 6269 cipher in bi\n+00036c50: 7473 2c20 6e6f 7420 746f 2062 6520 636f ts, not to be co\n+00036c60: 6e66 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 nfused with the \n+00036c70: 6f66 6673 6574 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 offset of the ke\n+00036c80: 7920 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 y data. in a\n+00036c90: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2073 7065 6369 6669 keyfile specifi\n+00036ca0: 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d ed with the ...-\n+00036cb0: 4fe2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 4974 O... option. It\n+00036cc0: 206d 7573 7420 6e6f 7420 6578 6365 6564 must not exceed\n+00036cd0: 0a20 2020 2020 3130 3234 2062 6974 732c . 1024 bits,\n+00036ce0: 2073 6f20 6120 3332 2062 7974 6520 6b65 so a 32 byte ke\n+00036cf0: 7920 776f 756c 6420 6265 2073 7065 6369 y would be speci\n+00036d00: 6669 6564 2061 7320 3235 3620 6269 7473 fied as 256 bits\n+00036d10: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7074 696f .. The optio\n+00036d20: 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 e280 nal parameter ..\n+00036d30: 982d 53e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 .-S... specifies\n+00036d40: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 encrypted devic\n+00036d50: 6520 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 652e 0a20 e sector size.. \n+00036d60: 2020 2020 4974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 It must be a\n+00036d70: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3531 3220 6279 7465 t least 512 byte\n+00036d80: 7320 6c6f 6e67 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 s long (default \n+00036d90: 7661 6c75 6529 2061 6e64 2061 2070 6f77 value) and a pow\n+00036da0: 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2032 2e20 2028 er of. 2. (\n+00036db0: 3129 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 696e 1) (*note plain\n+00036dc0: 6d6f 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 mount-Footnote-1\n+00036dd0: 3a3a 292e 2020 4469 736b 2073 6563 746f ::). Disk secto\n+00036de0: 7220 7369 7a65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 r size is. c\n+00036df0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 7768 656e 2063 onfigured when c\n+00036e00: 7265 6174 696e 6720 7468 6520 656e 6372 reating the encr\n+00036e10: 7970 7465 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 2e20 2041 ypted volume. A\n+00036e20: 7474 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 2020 ttempting to. \n+00036e30: 2020 6465 6372 7970 7420 766f 6c75 6d65 decrypt volume\n+00036e40: 7320 7769 7468 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 s with a differe\n+00036e50: 6e74 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2074 nt sector size t\n+00036e60: 6861 6e20 6974 2077 6173 2063 7265 6174 han it was creat\n+00036e70: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2077 696c ed. with wil\n+00036e80: 6c20 6e6f 7420 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 l not result in \n+00036e90: 616e 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 6275 7420 7769 an error, but wi\n+00036ea0: 6c6c 2064 6563 7279 7074 2074 6f20 7261 ll decrypt to ra\n+00036eb0: 6e64 6f6d 2062 7974 6573 0a20 2020 2020 ndom bytes. \n+00036ec0: 616e 6420 7468 7573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 and thus prevent\n+00036ed0: 2061 6363 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2076 accessing the v\n+00036ee0: 6f6c 756d 6520 2869 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 olume (in some c\n+00036ef0: 6173 6573 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 ases the filesys\n+00036f00: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2064 7269 7665 7220 tem. driver \n+00036f10: 6361 6e20 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2070 can detect the p\n+00036f20: 7265 7365 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 2066 696c resence of a fil\n+00036f30: 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2062 7574 206e 6576 esystem, but nev\n+00036f40: 6572 7468 656c 6573 730a 2020 2020 2077 ertheless. w\n+00036f50: 696c 6c20 7265 6675 7365 2074 6f20 6d6f ill refuse to mo\n+00036f60: 756e 7420 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 unt it)... B\n+00036f70: 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e65 7720 706c y default new pl\n+00036f80: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2064 6576 6963 6573 ainmount devices\n+00036f90: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 will be given a\n+00036fa0: 2055 5549 4420 7374 6172 7469 6e67 0a20 UUID starting. \n+00036fb0: 2020 2020 7769 7468 2027 3130 3966 6561 with '109fea\n+00036fc0: 3834 2d61 3662 372d 3334 6138 2d34 6264 84-a6b7-34a8-4bd\n+00036fd0: 312d 3163 3530 3633 3035 6134 3031 2720 1-1c506305a401' \n+00036fe0: 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2064 where the last d\n+00036ff0: 6967 6974 730a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2069 igits. are i\n+00037000: 6e63 7265 6d65 6e74 6564 2062 7920 6f6e ncremented by on\n+00037010: 6520 666f 7220 6561 6368 2070 6c61 696e e for each plain\n+00037020: 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 2062 mounted device b\n+00037030: 6579 6f6e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 eyond the. f\n+00037040: 6972 7374 2075 7020 746f 2032 5e31 3020 irst up to 2^10 \n+00037050: 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 devices... A\n+00037060: 6c6c 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 6172 ll encryption ar\n+00037070: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 2863 6970 6865 722c guments (cipher,\n+00037080: 2068 6173 682c 206b 6579 2073 697a 652c hash, key size,\n+00037090: 2064 6973 6b20 6f66 6673 6574 2061 6e64 disk offset and\n+000370a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 736b 2073 6563 746f . disk secto\n+000370b0: 7220 7369 7a65 2920 6d75 7374 206d 6174 r size) must mat\n+000370c0: 6368 2074 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 ch the parameter\n+000370d0: 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6372 6561 7465 s used to create\n+000370e0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 766f 6c75 6d65 the. volume\n+000370f0: 2e20 2049 6620 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 . If any of the\n+00037100: 6d20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 206d 6174 6368 m does not match\n+00037110: 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 6172 6775 the actual argu\n+00037120: 6d65 6e74 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 ments used. \n+00037130: 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2069 6e69 7469 during the initi\n+00037140: 616c 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e2c 2070 al encryption, p\n+00037150: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 7769 6c6c 2063 lainmount will c\n+00037160: 7265 6174 6520 7669 7274 7561 6c0a 2020 reate virtual. \n+00037170: 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 2074 device with t\n+00037180: 6865 2067 6172 6261 6765 2064 6174 6120 he garbage data \n+00037190: 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7265 and GRUB will re\n+000371a0: 706f 7274 2075 6e6b 6e6f 776e 0a20 2020 port unknown. \n+000371b0: 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2066 6f72 filesystem for\n+000371c0: 2073 7563 6820 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f such device....\n+000371d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000371e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f , Node: plainmo\n+000371f0: 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 unt-Footnotes, \n+00037200: 5570 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 0a0a Up: plainmount..\n+00037210: 2020 2028 3129 2043 7572 7265 6e74 2069 (1) Current i\n+00037220: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 mplementation of\n+00037230: 2063 7279 7074 7365 7475 7020 7375 7070 cryptsetup supp\n+00037240: 6f72 7473 206f 6e6c 790a 3531 322f 3130 orts only.512/10\n+00037250: 3234 2f32 3034 382f 3430 3936 2062 7974 24/2048/4096 byt\n+00037260: 6520 7365 6374 6f72 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c e sectors....Fil\n+00037270: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00037280: 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: play, Next\n+00037290: 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : probe, Prev: \n+000372a0: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a plainmount, Up:\n+000372b0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+000372c0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3720 mmands..17.4.57 \n+000372d0: 706c 6179 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d play.-----------\n+000372e0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+000372f0: 706c 6179 2066 696c 6520 7c20 7465 6d70 play file | temp\n+00037300: 6f20 5b70 6974 6368 3120 6475 7261 7469 o [pitch1 durati\n+00037310: 6f6e 315d 205b 7069 7463 6832 2064 7572 on1] [pitch2 dur\n+00037320: 6174 696f 6e32 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 ation2] .... \n+00037330: 2050 6c61 7973 2061 2074 756e 650a 0a20 Plays a tune.. \n+00037340: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d If the argum\n+00037350: 656e 7420 6973 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 ent is a file na\n+00037360: 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e me (*note File n\n+00037370: 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2070 ame syntax::), p\n+00037380: 6c61 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 756e lay the. tun\n+00037390: 6520 7265 636f 7264 6564 2069 6e20 6974 e recorded in it\n+000373a0: 2e20 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d . The file form\n+000373b0: 6174 2069 7320 6669 7273 7420 7468 6520 at is first the \n+000373c0: 7465 6d70 6f20 6173 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 tempo as an. \n+000373d0: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 3332 6269 7420 unsigned 32bit \n+000373e0: 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 6e75 little-endian nu\n+000373f0: 6d62 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2070 6169 7273 mber, then pairs\n+00037400: 206f 6620 756e 7369 676e 6564 2031 3662 of unsigned 16b\n+00037410: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 it. little-e\n+00037420: 6e64 6961 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f ndian numbers fo\n+00037430: 7220 7069 7463 6820 616e 6420 6475 7261 r pitch and dura\n+00037440: 7469 6f6e 2070 6169 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 tion pairs... \n+00037450: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e If the argumen\n+00037460: 7473 2061 7265 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 ts are a series \n+00037470: 6f66 206e 756d 6265 7273 2c20 706c 6179 of numbers, play\n+00037480: 2074 6865 2069 6e6c 696e 6520 7475 6e65 the inline tune\n+00037490: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 6d70 ... The temp\n+000374a0: 6f20 6973 2074 6865 2062 6173 6520 666f o is the base fo\n+000374b0: 7220 616c 6c20 6e6f 7465 2064 7572 6174 r all note durat\n+000374c0: 696f 6e73 2e20 2036 3020 6769 7665 7320 ions. 60 gives \n+000374d0: 6120 312d 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 a 1-second. \n+000374e0: 6261 7365 2c20 3132 3020 6769 7665 7320 base, 120 gives \n+000374f0: 6120 6861 6c66 2d73 6563 6f6e 6420 6261 a half-second ba\n+00037500: 7365 2c20 6574 632e 2020 5069 7463 6865 se, etc. Pitche\n+00037510: 7320 6172 6520 487a 2e20 2053 6574 0a20 s are Hz. Set. \n+00037520: 2020 2020 7069 7463 6820 746f 2030 2074 pitch to 0 t\n+00037530: 6f20 7072 6f64 7563 6520 6120 7265 7374 o produce a rest\n+00037540: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00037550: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 726f info, Node: pro\n+00037560: 6265 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 646d 7372 be, Next: rdmsr\n+00037570: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 , Prev: play, \n+00037580: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00037590: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+000375a0: 3538 2070 726f 6265 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 58 probe.-------\n+000375b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+000375c0: 616e 643a 2070 726f 6265 205b 2d2d 7365 and: probe [--se\n+000375d0: 7420 7661 725d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t var]. \n+000375e0: 202d 2d64 7269 7665 727c 2d2d 7061 7274 --driver|--part\n+000375f0: 6d61 707c 2d2d 6673 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 map|--fs|--fs-uu\n+00037600: 6964 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d70 6172 id|--label|--par\n+00037610: 742d 7575 6964 2064 6576 6963 650a 2020 t-uuid device. \n+00037620: 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 6465 7669 Retrieve devi\n+00037630: 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e20 ce information. \n+00037640: 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d If option ...--\n+00037650: 7365 74e2 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c set... is given,\n+00037660: 2061 7373 6967 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 6573 assign. res\n+00037670: 756c 7420 746f 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ult to variable \n+00037680: 5641 522c 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2070 VAR, otherwise p\n+00037690: 7269 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e rint information\n+000376a0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a on the screen..\n+000376b0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e . The option\n+000376c0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 7569 64e2 ...--part-uuid.\n+000376d0: 8099 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 .. is currently \n+000376e0: 6f6e 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 only implemented\n+000376f0: 2066 6f72 204d 5344 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 for MSDOS. \n+00037700: 616e 6420 4750 5420 666f 726d 6174 7465 and GPT formatte\n+00037710: 6420 6469 736b 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 d disks.....File\n+00037720: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00037730: 6465 3a20 7264 6d73 722c 2020 4e65 7874 de: rdmsr, Next\n+00037740: 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 : read, Prev: p\n+00037750: 726f 6265 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 robe, Up: Comma\n+00037760: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00037770: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3920 7264 6d73 720a ..17.4.59 rdmsr.\n+00037780: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00037790: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a3a 2072 646d -- Command:: rdm\n+000377a0: 7372 2030 7841 4444 5220 5b2d 7620 5641 sr 0xADDR [-v VA\n+000377b0: 524e 414d 455d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 RNAME]. Read\n+000377c0: 2061 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 a model-specifi\n+000377d0: 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 2061 7420 6164 c register at ad\n+000377e0: 6472 6573 7320 3078 4144 4452 2e20 4966 dress 0xADDR. If\n+000377f0: 2074 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 0a20 the parameter. \n+00037800: 2020 2020 e280 982d 76e2 8099 2069 7320 ...-v... is \n+00037810: 7573 6564 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 656e 7669 used and an envi\n+00037820: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00037830: 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 6769 7665 VARNAME is give\n+00037840: 6e2c 2073 6574 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 n, set that. \n+00037850: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00037860: 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c iable to the val\n+00037870: 7565 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 7265 6164 ue that was read\n+00037880: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6561 7365 206e ... Please n\n+00037890: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e20 534d 5020 ote that on SMP \n+000378a0: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2072 6561 6469 6e67 systems, reading\n+000378b0: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4d53 5220 7468 6174 from a MSR that\n+000378c0: 2068 6173 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7363 6f70 has a. scop\n+000378d0: 6520 7065 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2074 e per hardware t\n+000378e0: 6872 6561 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 hread, implies t\n+000378f0: 6861 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 hat the value th\n+00037900: 6174 2069 7320 7265 7475 726e 6564 0a20 at is returned. \n+00037910: 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 2061 7070 6c69 6573 only applies\n+00037920: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c to the particul\n+00037930: 6172 2063 7075 2f63 6f72 652f 7468 7265 ar cpu/core/thre\n+00037940: 6164 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 2074 6865 ad that runs the\n+00037950: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a . command...\n+00037960: 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2069 6620 796f Also, if yo\n+00037970: 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 7265 7365 u specify a rese\n+00037980: 7276 6564 206f 7220 756e 696d 706c 656d rved or unimplem\n+00037990: 656e 7465 6420 4d53 5220 6164 6472 6573 ented MSR addres\n+000379a0: 732c 2069 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 s, it. will \n+000379b0: 6361 7573 6520 6120 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 cause a general \n+000379c0: 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 protection excep\n+000379d0: 7469 6f6e 2028 7768 6963 6820 6973 206e tion (which is n\n+000379e0: 6f74 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a20 2020 ot currently. \n+000379f0: 2020 6265 696e 6720 6861 6e64 6c65 6429 being handled)\n+00037a00: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 and the system \n+00037a10: 7769 6c6c 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a will reboot.....\n+00037a20: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00037a30: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 204e Node: read, N\n+00037a40: 6578 743a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 ext: reboot, Pr\n+00037a50: 6576 3a20 7264 6d73 722c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: rdmsr, Up: \n+00037a60: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00037a70: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3630 2072 mands..17.4.60 r\n+00037a80: 6561 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ead.------------\n+00037a90: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 .. -- Command: r\n+00037aa0: 6561 6420 5b2d 735d 205b 7661 725d 0a20 ead [-s] [var]. \n+00037ab0: 2020 2020 5265 6164 2061 206c 696e 6520 Read a line \n+00037ac0: 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2066 726f 6d20 7468 of input from th\n+00037ad0: 6520 7573 6572 2e20 2049 6620 616e 2065 e user. If an e\n+00037ae0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00037af0: 626c 6520 5641 520a 2020 2020 2069 7320 ble VAR. is \n+00037b00: 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 6574 2074 6861 7420 given, set that \n+00037b10: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00037b20: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 able to the line\n+00037b30: 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 7468 6174 0a20 of input that. \n+00037b40: 2020 2020 7761 7320 7265 6164 2c20 7769 was read, wi\n+00037b50: 7468 206e 6f20 7465 726d 696e 6174 696e th no terminatin\n+00037b60: 6720 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 4966 2074 g newline. If t\n+00037b70: 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 20e2 8098 he parameter ...\n+00037b80: 2d73 e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 -s... is. us\n+00037b90: 6564 2c20 656e 6162 6c65 2073 696c 656e ed, enable silen\n+00037ba0: 7420 6d6f 6465 2077 6865 7265 2069 6e70 t mode where inp\n+00037bb0: 7574 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7072 696e 7465 ut is not printe\n+00037bc0: 6420 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7465 d to the. te\n+00037bd0: 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a rminal.....File:\n+00037be0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00037bf0: 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 e: reboot, Next\n+00037c00: 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 2050 7265 763a : regexp, Prev:\n+00037c10: 2072 6561 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d read, Up: Comm\n+00037c20: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00037c30: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3631 2072 6562 6f6f s..17.4.61 reboo\n+00037c40: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+00037c50: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 .. -- Command: r\n+00037c60: 6562 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2052 6562 6f6f eboot. Reboo\n+00037c70: 7420 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a t the computer..\n+00037c80: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00037c90: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6567 6578 fo, Node: regex\n+00037ca0: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c p, Next: rmmod,\n+00037cb0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 Prev: reboot, \n+00037cc0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00037cd0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00037ce0: 2e36 3220 7265 6765 7870 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .62 regexp.-----\n+00037cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00037d00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 6765 7870 205b ommand: regexp [\n+00037d10: 2d2d 7365 7420 5b6e 756d 6265 723a 5d76 --set [number:]v\n+00037d20: 6172 5d20 7265 6765 7870 2073 7472 696e ar] regexp strin\n+00037d30: 670a 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 6966 2072 g. Test if r\n+00037d40: 6567 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f egular expressio\n+00037d50: 6e20 5245 4745 5850 206d 6174 6368 6573 n REGEXP matches\n+00037d60: 2053 5452 494e 472e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 STRING. Suppor\n+00037d70: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2072 6567 756c 6172 ted. regular\n+00037d80: 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 expressions are\n+00037d90: 2050 4f53 4958 2e32 2045 7874 656e 6465 POSIX.2 Extende\n+00037da0: 6420 5265 6775 6c61 7220 4578 7072 6573 d Regular Expres\n+00037db0: 7369 6f6e 732e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 sions. If. \n+00037dc0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 option ...--set.\n+00037dd0: 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 746f .. is given, sto\n+00037de0: 7265 204e 554d 4245 5274 6820 6d61 7463 re NUMBERth matc\n+00037df0: 6865 6420 7375 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f hed subexpressio\n+00037e00: 6e20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 n in. variab\n+00037e10: 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2053 7562 6578 7072 le VAR. Subexpr\n+00037e20: 6573 7369 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6e75 6d62 essions are numb\n+00037e30: 6572 6564 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 ered in order of\n+00037e40: 2074 6865 6972 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 656e their. open\n+00037e50: 696e 6720 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 ing parentheses \n+00037e60: 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 e280 starting from ..\n+00037e70: 9831 e280 992e 2020 4e55 4d42 4552 2064 .1.... NUMBER d\n+00037e80: 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 31e2 efaults to ...1.\n+00037e90: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n+00037ea0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 b.info, Node: r\n+00037eb0: 6d6d 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6176 mmod, Next: sav\n+00037ec0: 655f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7265 e_env, Prev: re\n+00037ed0: 6765 7870 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 gexp, Up: Comma\n+00037ee0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00037ef0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3320 726d 6d6f 640a ..17.4.63 rmmod.\n+00037f00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00037f10: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 726d 6d6f -- Command: rmmo\n+00037f20: 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5265 d module. Re\n+00037f30: 6d6f 7665 2061 206c 6f61 6465 6420 4d4f move a loaded MO\n+00037f40: 4455 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 DULE.....File: g\n+00037f50: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00037f60: 2073 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 save_env, Next\n+00037f70: 3a20 7365 6172 6368 2c20 2050 7265 763a : search, Prev:\n+00037f80: 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d rmmod, Up: Com\n+00037f90: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00037fa0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3420 7361 7665 ds..17.4.64 save\n+00037fb0: 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _env.-----------\n+00037fc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00037fd0: 6e64 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d nd: save_env [--\n+00037fe0: 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 2076 6172 202e file file] var .\n+00037ff0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7665 2074 6865 ... Save the\n+00038000: 206e 616d 6564 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 named variables\n+00038010: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f from the enviro\n+00038020: 6e6d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e76 nment to the env\n+00038030: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 626c ironment. bl\n+00038040: 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 ock file. *Note\n+00038050: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f Environment blo\n+00038060: 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ck::... The \n+00038070: e280 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 206f 7074 ...--file... opt\n+00038080: 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 ion overrides th\n+00038090: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 e default locati\n+000380a0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 on of the. e\n+000380b0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+000380c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n+000380d0: 6d61 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 mand will operat\n+000380e0: 6520 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2065 e successfully e\n+000380f0: 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e ven when environ\n+00038100: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 ment. variab\n+00038110: 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e le ...check_sign\n+00038120: 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 atures... is set\n+00038130: 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 to ...enforce..\n+00038140: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6368 . (*note. ch\n+00038150: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a eck_signatures::\n+00038160: 292c 2073 696e 6365 2069 7420 7772 6974 ), since it writ\n+00038170: 6573 2074 6f20 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2064 es to disk and d\n+00038180: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 7220 7468 oes not alter th\n+00038190: 650a 2020 2020 2062 6568 6176 696f 7220 e. behavior \n+000381a0: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 6261 7365 6420 6f6e of GRUB based on\n+000381b0: 2061 6e79 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 any contents of\n+000381c0: 2064 6973 6b20 7468 6174 2068 6176 6520 disk that have \n+000381d0: 6265 656e 2072 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 been read.. \n+000381e0: 4974 2069 7320 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 It is possible t\n+000381f0: 6f20 6d6f 6469 6679 2061 2064 6967 6974 o modify a digit\n+00038200: 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 656e 7669 ally signed envi\n+00038210: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 ronment block fi\n+00038220: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 le. from wit\n+00038230: 6869 6e20 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2074 hin GRUB using t\n+00038240: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2073 7563 his command, suc\n+00038250: 6820 7468 6174 2069 7473 2073 6967 6e61 h that its signa\n+00038260: 7475 7265 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 206e ture will. n\n+00038270: 6f20 6c6f 6e67 6572 2062 6520 7661 6c69 o longer be vali\n+00038280: 6420 6f6e 2073 7562 7365 7175 656e 7420 d on subsequent \n+00038290: 626f 6f74 732e 2020 4361 7265 2073 686f boots. Care sho\n+000382a0: 756c 6420 6265 2074 616b 656e 2069 6e0a uld be taken in.\n+000382b0: 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 6164 7661 6e63 such advanc\n+000382c0: 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ed configuration\n+000382d0: 7320 746f 2061 766f 6964 2072 656e 6465 s to avoid rende\n+000382e0: 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d0a ring the system.\n+000382f0: 2020 2020 2075 6e62 6f6f 7461 626c 652e unbootable.\n+00038300: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 *Note Using di\n+00038310: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n+00038320: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 ::, for more. \n+00038330: 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a information...\n+00038340: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00038350: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 o, Node: search\n+00038360: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 656e 646b 6579 , Next: sendkey\n+00038370: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6176 655f 656e , Prev: save_en\n+00038380: 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d v, Up: Command-\n+00038390: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+000383a0: 372e 342e 3635 2073 6561 7263 680a 2d2d 7.4.65 search.--\n+000383b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+000383c0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6561 7263 - Command: searc\n+000383d0: 6820 5b2d 2d66 696c 657c 2d2d 6c61 6265 h [--file|--labe\n+000383e0: 6c7c 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 645d 205b 2d2d l|--fs-uuid] [--\n+000383f0: 7365 7420 5b76 6172 5d5d 0a20 2020 2020 set [var]]. \n+00038400: 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6e6f 2d66 6c6f 7070 [--no-flopp\n+00038410: 797c 2d2d 6566 6964 6973 6b2d 6f6e 6c79 y|--efidisk-only\n+00038420: 5d20 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6172 ] name. Sear\n+00038430: 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 6669 ch devices by fi\n+00038440: 6c65 2028 e280 982d 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 le (...-f..., ..\n+00038450: 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 292c 2066 696c .--file...), fil\n+00038460: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c20 28e2 esystem label (.\n+00038470: 8098 2d6c e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ..-l...,. ..\n+00038480: 982d 2d6c 6162 656c e280 9929 2c20 6f72 .--label...), or\n+00038490: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 5555 4944 filesystem UUID\n+000384a0: 2028 e280 982d 75e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d (...-u..., ...-\n+000384b0: 2d66 732d 7575 6964 e280 9929 2e0a 0a20 -fs-uuid...)... \n+000384c0: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2028 e280 982d If the (...-\n+000384d0: 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 s..., ...--set..\n+000384e0: 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 .) option is use\n+000384f0: 642c 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2064 6576 d, the first dev\n+00038500: 6963 6520 666f 756e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 ice found is. \n+00038510: 2020 7365 7420 6173 2074 6865 2076 616c set as the val\n+00038520: 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ue of environmen\n+00038530: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 t variable VAR. \n+00038540: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2076 6172 The default var\n+00038550: 6961 626c 650a 2020 2020 2069 7320 e280 iable. is ..\n+00038560: 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 .root...... \n+00038570: 5468 6520 28e2 8098 2d6e e280 992c 20e2 The (...-n..., .\n+00038580: 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d66 6c6f 7070 79e2 8099 ..--no-floppy...\n+00038590: 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2070 7265 7665 6e74 ) option prevent\n+000385a0: 7320 7365 6172 6368 696e 6720 666c 6f70 s searching flop\n+000385b0: 7079 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 py devices,. \n+000385c0: 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 736c which can be sl\n+000385d0: 6f77 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 28e2 ow... The (.\n+000385e0: 8098 2d2d 6566 6964 6973 6b2d 6f6e 6c79 ..--efidisk-only\n+000385f0: e280 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 6576 ...) option prev\n+00038600: 656e 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 2061 ents searching a\n+00038610: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2064 6576 6963 6573 ny other devices\n+00038620: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e 2045 4649 2064 . then EFI d\n+00038630: 6973 6b73 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2074 isks. This is t\n+00038640: 7970 6963 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6420 7768 ypically used wh\n+00038650: 656e 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 en chainloading \n+00038660: 746f 206c 6f63 616c 0a20 2020 2020 4546 to local. EF\n+00038670: 4920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 I partition... \n+00038680: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 The ...search\n+00038690: 2e66 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 .file..., ...sea\n+000386a0: 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c e280 992c rch.fs_label...,\n+000386b0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 and ...search.f\n+000386c0: 735f 7575 6964 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e s_uuid... comman\n+000386d0: 6473 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 616c 6961 ds. are alia\n+000386e0: 7365 7320 666f 7220 e280 9873 6561 7263 ses for ...searc\n+000386f0: 6820 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 8098 h --file..., ...\n+00038700: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d6c 6162 656c e280 search --label..\n+00038710: 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 ., and ...search\n+00038720: 0a20 2020 2020 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 . --fs-uuid.\n+00038730: 8099 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e .. respectively.\n+00038740: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f20 6869 6e74 .. Also hint\n+00038750: 7320 6173 2074 6f20 7768 6963 6820 6465 s as to which de\n+00038760: 7669 6365 206d 6179 2062 6520 7468 6520 vice may be the \n+00038770: 6d6f 7374 206c 696b 656c 7920 746f 2063 most likely to c\n+00038780: 6f6e 7461 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ontain the. \n+00038790: 6974 656d 2073 6561 7263 6865 6420 666f item searched fo\n+000387a0: 7220 6d61 7920 6265 2067 6976 656e 2076 r may be given v\n+000387b0: 6961 2074 6865 2028 e280 982d 68e2 8099 ia the (...-h...\n+000387c0: 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 2920 , ...--hint...) \n+000387d0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 option with. \n+000387e0: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 a device name a\n+000387f0: 7320 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 742e 2020 s an argument. \n+00038800: 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 If the argument \n+00038810: 656e 6473 2077 6974 6820 6120 636f 6d6d ends with a comm\n+00038820: 612c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e 2070 6172 a,. then par\n+00038830: 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 titions on the d\n+00038840: 6576 6963 6520 6172 6520 616c 736f 2073 evice are also s\n+00038850: 6561 7263 6865 642e 2020 4675 7274 6865 earched. Furthe\n+00038860: 726d 6f72 652c 0a20 2020 2020 706c 6174 rmore,. plat\n+00038870: 666f 726d 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 6869 form specific hi\n+00038880: 6e74 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2067 6976 656e nts may be given\n+00038890: 2076 6961 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e73 via the options\n+000388a0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d . ...--hint-\n+000388b0: 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ieee1275..., ...\n+000388c0: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d62 696f 73e2 8099 2c20 --hint-bios..., \n+000388d0: e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6261 7265 6d65 ...--hint-bareme\n+000388e0: 7461 6ce2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e tal..., ...--hin\n+000388f0: 742d 6566 69e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 t-efi...,. a\n+00038900: 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d61 7263 nd ...--hint-arc\n+00038910: e280 992e 2020 5768 656e 2073 7065 6369 .... When speci\n+00038920: 6669 6564 2c20 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 fied, these opti\n+00038930: 6f6e 7320 7461 6b65 2061 6e20 6172 6775 ons take an argu\n+00038940: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6f70 ment. and op\n+00038950: 6572 6174 6520 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2d2d erate like ...--\n+00038960: 6869 6e74 e280 992c 2062 7574 206f 6e6c hint..., but onl\n+00038970: 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 y on the specifi\n+00038980: 6564 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a ed platform.....\n+00038990: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000389a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c Node: sendkey,\n+000389b0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5072 Next: set, Pr\n+000389c0: 6576 3a20 7365 6172 6368 2c20 2055 703a ev: search, Up:\n+000389d0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+000389e0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3620 mmands..17.4.66 \n+000389f0: 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sendkey.--------\n+00038a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00038a10: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 2020 mand: sendkey. \n+00038a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 756d 7c2d [--num|-\n+00038a30: 2d63 6170 737c 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 7c2d -caps|--scroll|-\n+00038a40: 2d69 6e73 6572 747c 2d2d 7061 7573 657c -insert|--pause|\n+00038a50: 2d2d 6c65 6674 2d73 6869 6674 7c2d 2d72 --left-shift|--r\n+00038a60: 6967 6874 2d73 6869 6674 7c2d 2d73 7973 ight-shift|--sys\n+00038a70: 7271 7c2d 2d6e 756d 6b65 797c 2d2d 6361 rq|--numkey|--ca\n+00038a80: 7073 6b65 797c 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 pskey|--scrollke\n+00038a90: 797c 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 6b65 797c 2d2d y|--insertkey|--\n+00038aa0: 6c65 6674 2d61 6c74 7c2d 2d72 6967 6874 left-alt|--right\n+00038ab0: 2d61 6c74 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 6374 726c -alt|--left-ctrl\n+00038ac0: 7c2d 2d72 6967 6874 2d63 7472 6c0a 2020 |--right-ctrl. \n+00038ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6f6e 7c6f 6666 5d2e on|off].\n+00038ae0: 2e2e 205b 6e6f 2d6c 6564 5d20 6b65 7973 .. [no-led] keys\n+00038af0: 7472 6f6b 650a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 troke. Inser\n+00038b00: 7420 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2069 6e74 t keystrokes int\n+00038b10: 6f20 7468 6520 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 o the keyboard b\n+00038b20: 7566 6665 7220 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 uffer when booti\n+00038b30: 6e67 2e20 2053 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 0a20 ng. Sometimes. \n+00038b40: 2020 2020 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 an operating\n+00038b50: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f72 2063 6861 696e system or chain\n+00038b60: 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 loaded boot load\n+00038b70: 6572 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 7061 7274 er requires part\n+00038b80: 6963 756c 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7973 icular. keys\n+00038b90: 2074 6f20 6265 2070 7265 7373 6564 3a20 to be pressed: \n+00038ba0: 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 206f 6e65 for example, one\n+00038bb0: 206d 6967 6874 206e 6565 6420 746f 2070 might need to p\n+00038bc0: 7265 7373 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 ress a. part\n+00038bd0: 6963 756c 6172 206b 6579 2074 6f20 656e icular key to en\n+00038be0: 7465 7220 2273 6166 6520 6d6f 6465 222c ter \"safe mode\",\n+00038bf0: 206f 7220 7768 656e 2063 6861 696e 6c6f or when chainlo\n+00038c00: 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 720a 2020 ading another. \n+00038c10: 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f boot loader o\n+00038c20: 6e65 206d 6967 6874 2073 656e 6420 6b65 ne might send ke\n+00038c30: 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2074 ystrokes to it t\n+00038c40: 6f20 6e61 7669 6761 7465 2069 7473 206d o navigate its m\n+00038c50: 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a enu... Note:\n+00038c60: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n+00038c70: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 currently only \n+00038c80: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 available on the\n+00038c90: 2069 3338 362d 7063 0a20 2020 2020 7461 i386-pc. ta\n+00038ca0: 7267 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 596f 7520 rget... You \n+00038cb0: 6d61 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 7570 2074 may provide up t\n+00038cc0: 6f20 3136 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 o 16 keystrokes \n+00038cd0: 2874 6865 206c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 (the length of t\n+00038ce0: 6865 2042 494f 530a 2020 2020 206b 6579 he BIOS. key\n+00038cf0: 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 292e 2020 board buffer). \n+00038d00: 4b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 Keystroke names \n+00038d10: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7070 6572 2d63 6173 may be upper-cas\n+00038d20: 6520 6f72 206c 6f77 6572 2d63 6173 650a e or lower-case.\n+00038d30: 2020 2020 206c 6574 7465 7273 2c20 6469 letters, di\n+00038d40: 6769 7473 2c20 6f72 2074 616b 656e 2066 gits, or taken f\n+00038d50: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e rom the followin\n+00038d60: 6720 7461 626c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 204e g table:.. N\n+00038d70: 616d 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame \n+00038d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204b 6579 Key\n+00038d90: 0a20 2020 2020 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d . ----------\n 00038da0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00038db0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00038dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00038dd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 2020 2020 2065 7363 6170 -----. escap\n-00038de0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n-00038df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 7363 6170 650a Escape.\n-00038e00: 2020 2020 2065 7863 6c61 6d20 2020 2020 exclam \n+00038dd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 2020 2020 2065 ---------. e\n+00038de0: 7363 6170 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 scape \n+00038df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 7363 Esc\n+00038e00: 6170 650a 2020 2020 2065 7863 6c61 6d20 ape. exclam \n 00038e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038e20: 2020 2021 0a20 2020 2020 6174 2020 2020 !. at \n+00038e20: 2020 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2073 6869 6674 2020 2020 ~. shift \n+00039230: 2020 2020 7e0a 2020 2020 2073 6869 6674 ~. shift\n 00039240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039250: 2020 2020 2070 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2072 press and r\n-00039260: 656c 6561 7365 206c 6566 7420 5368 6966 elease left Shif\n-00039270: 740a 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 t. backslash\n-00039280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039290: 2020 2020 205c 0a20 2020 2020 6261 7220 \\. bar \n-000392a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000392b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7c0a 2020 2020 |. \n-000392c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 comma \n-000392d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202c ,\n-000392e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 . less \n+00039250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7265 7373 2061 press a\n+00039260: 6e64 2072 656c 6561 7365 206c 6566 7420 nd release left \n+00039270: 5368 6966 740a 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b73 Shift. backs\n+00039280: 6c61 7368 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lash 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2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039350: 2020 3e0a 2020 2020 2073 6c61 7368 2020 >. slash \n 00039360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039370: 2020 202f 0a20 2020 2020 7175 6573 7469 /. questi\n-00039380: 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 on \n-00039390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 2020 2020 2072 ?. r\n-000393a0: 7368 6966 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 shift \n-000393b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7265 pre\n-000393c0: 7373 2061 6e64 2072 656c 6561 7365 2072 ss and release r\n-000393d0: 6967 6874 2053 6869 6674 0a20 2020 2020 ight Shift. \n-000393e0: 616c 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alt \n-000393f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 pr\n-00039400: 6573 7320 616e 6420 7265 6c65 6173 6520 ess and release \n-00039410: 416c 740a 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2020 Alt. space \n-00039420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039430: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2062 6172 space bar\n-00039440: 0a20 2020 2020 6361 7073 6c6f 636b 2020 . capslock \n-00039450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039460: 2020 2020 4361 7073 204c 6f63 6b0a 2020 Caps Lock. \n-00039470: 2020 2046 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F1 \n+00039370: 2020 2020 2020 202f 0a20 2020 2020 7175 /. qu\n+00039380: 6573 7469 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 estion \n+00039390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 2020 ?. \n+000393a0: 2020 2072 7368 6966 7420 2020 2020 2020 rshift \n+000393b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000393c0: 2070 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2072 656c 6561 press and relea\n+000393d0: 7365 2072 6967 6874 2053 6869 6674 0a20 se right Shift. \n+000393e0: 2020 2020 616c 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 alt \n+000393f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039400: 2020 7072 6573 7320 616e 6420 7265 6c65 press and rele\n+00039410: 6173 6520 416c 740a 2020 2020 2073 7061 ase Alt. spa\n+00039420: 6365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce \n+00039430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 space\n+00039440: 2062 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6361 7073 6c6f bar. capslo\n+00039450: 636b 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ck \n+00039460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4361 7073 204c 6f63 Caps Loc\n+00039470: 6b0a 2020 2020 2046 3120 2020 2020 2020 k. F1 \n 00039480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039490: 2046 310a 2020 2020 2046 3220 2020 2020 F1. F2 \n+00039490: 2020 2020 2046 310a 2020 2020 2046 3220 F1. F2 \n 000394a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000394b0: 2020 2020 2020 2046 320a 2020 2020 2046 F2. F\n-000394c0: 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3 \n-000394d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 330a F3.\n-000394e0: 2020 2020 2046 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 F4 \n+000394b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 320a 2020 F2. \n+000394c0: 2020 2046 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F3 \n+000394d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000394e0: 2046 330a 2020 2020 2046 3420 2020 2020 F3. F4 \n 000394f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039500: 2020 2046 340a 2020 2020 2046 3520 2020 F4. F5 \n-00039510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 350a 2020 2020 F5. \n-00039530: 2046 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F6 \n-00039540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 F\n-00039550: 360a 2020 2020 2046 3720 2020 2020 2020 6. F7 \n+00039500: 2020 2020 2020 2046 340a 2020 2020 2046 F4. F\n+00039510: 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5 \n+00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 350a F5.\n+00039530: 2020 2020 2046 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 F6 \n+00039540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039550: 2020 2046 360a 2020 2020 2046 3720 2020 F6. F7 \n 00039560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039570: 2020 2020 2046 370a 2020 2020 2046 3820 F7. F8 \n-00039580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 380a 2020 F8. \n-000395a0: 2020 2046 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F9 \n+00039570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 370a 2020 2020 F7. \n+00039580: 2046 3820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F8 \n+00039590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 F\n+000395a0: 380a 2020 2020 2046 3920 2020 2020 2020 8. F9 \n 000395b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000395c0: 2046 390a 2020 2020 2046 3130 2020 2020 F9. F10 \n+000395c0: 2020 2020 2046 390a 2020 2020 2046 3130 F9. F10\n 000395d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000395e0: 2020 2020 2020 2046 3130 0a20 2020 2020 F10. \n-000395f0: 4631 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F11 \n-00039600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 F1\n-00039610: 310a 2020 2020 2046 3132 2020 2020 2020 1. F12 \n+000395e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 3130 0a20 F10. \n+000395f0: 2020 2020 4631 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 F11 \n+00039600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039610: 2020 4631 310a 2020 2020 2046 3132 2020 F11. F12 \n 00039620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039630: 2020 2020 2046 3132 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 F12. nu\n-00039640: 6d31 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m1 \n-00039650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3120 286e 1 (n\n-00039660: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039670: 2020 2020 6e75 6d32 2020 2020 2020 2020 num2 \n+00039630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 3132 0a20 2020 F12. \n+00039640: 2020 6e75 6d31 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num1 \n+00039650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039660: 3120 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 1 (numeric keypa\n+00039670: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d32 2020 2020 d). num2 \n 00039680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039690: 2020 3220 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 2 (numeric key\n-000396a0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d33 2020 pad). num3 \n-000396b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000396c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3320 286e 756d 6572 3 (numer\n-000396d0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-000396e0: 6e75 6d34 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num4 \n-000396f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3420 4 \n-00039700: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-00039710: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d35 2020 2020 2020 . num5 \n+00039690: 2020 2020 2020 3220 286e 756d 6572 6963 2 (numeric\n+000396a0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+000396b0: 6d33 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m3 \n+000396c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3320 286e 3 (n\n+000396d0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+000396e0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d34 2020 2020 2020 2020 num4 \n+000396f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039700: 2020 3420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 4 (numeric key\n+00039710: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d35 2020 pad). num5 \n 00039720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039730: 2020 2020 3520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 5 (numeric k\n-00039740: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d36 eypad). num6\n-00039750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3620 286e 756d 6 (num\n-00039770: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-00039780: 2020 6e75 6d37 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num7 \n+00039730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3520 286e 756d 6572 5 (numer\n+00039740: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+00039750: 6e75 6d36 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num6 \n+00039760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3620 6 \n+00039770: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+00039780: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d37 2020 2020 2020 . num7 \n 00039790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000397a0: 3720 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 7 (numeric keypa\n-000397b0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d38 2020 2020 d). num8 \n+000397a0: 2020 2020 3720 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 7 (numeric k\n+000397b0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d38 eypad). num8\n 000397c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000397d0: 2020 2020 2020 3820 286e 756d 6572 6963 8 (numeric\n-000397e0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-000397f0: 6d39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m9 \n-00039800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3920 286e 9 (n\n-00039810: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039820: 2020 2020 6e75 6d30 2020 2020 2020 2020 num0 \n+000397d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3820 286e 756d 8 (num\n+000397e0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+000397f0: 2020 6e75 6d39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num9 \n+00039800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039810: 3920 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 9 (numeric keypa\n+00039820: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d30 2020 2020 d). num0 \n 00039830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039840: 2020 3020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 0 (numeric key\n-00039850: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6572 pad). numper\n-00039860: 696f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iod \n-00039870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e20 2028 6e75 6d65 . (nume\n-00039880: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039890: 206e 756d 656e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 numend \n-000398a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 E\n-000398b0: 6e64 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 nd (numeric keyp\n-000398c0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 646f 776e ad). numdown\n-000398d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000398e0: 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e20 286e 756d Down (num\n-000398f0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-00039900: 2020 6e75 6d70 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 numpgdown \n+00039840: 2020 2020 2020 3020 286e 756d 6572 6963 0 (numeric\n+00039850: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+00039860: 6d70 6572 696f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 mperiod \n+00039870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e20 2028 . (\n+00039880: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+00039890: 2020 2020 206e 756d 656e 6420 2020 2020 numend \n+000398a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000398b0: 2020 2045 6e64 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 End (numeric \n+000398c0: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+000398d0: 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 down \n+000398e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e20 Down \n+000398f0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+00039900: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6764 6f77 6e20 . numpgdown \n 00039910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039920: 5061 6765 2044 6f77 6e20 286e 756d 6572 Page Down (numer\n-00039930: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-00039940: 6e75 6d6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 numleft \n-00039950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c65 Le\n-00039960: 6674 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 ft (numeric keyp\n-00039970: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6365 6e74 ad). numcent\n-00039980: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00039990: 2020 2020 2020 2035 2077 6974 6820 4e75 5 with Nu\n-000399a0: 6d20 4c6f 636b 2069 6e61 6374 6976 6520 m Lock inactive \n-000399b0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 0a20 2020 2020 2020 (numeric. \n+00039920: 2020 2020 5061 6765 2044 6f77 6e20 286e Page Down (n\n+00039930: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+00039940: 2020 2020 6e75 6d6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 numleft \n+00039950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039960: 2020 4c65 6674 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 Left (numeric \n+00039970: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+00039980: 6365 6e74 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 center \n+00039990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2035 2077 6974 5 wit\n+000399a0: 6820 4e75 6d20 4c6f 636b 2069 6e61 6374 h Num Lock inact\n+000399b0: 6976 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 0a20 2020 ive (numeric. \n 000399c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000399d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b65 7970 keyp\n-000399e0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7269 6768 ad). numrigh\n-000399f0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n-00039a00: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6967 6874 2028 6e75 Right (nu\n-00039a10: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-00039a20: 2020 206e 756d 686f 6d65 2020 2020 2020 numhome \n+000399d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000399e0: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+000399f0: 7269 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 right \n+00039a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6967 6874 Right\n+00039a10: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+00039a20: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 686f 6d65 2020 ). numhome \n 00039a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a40: 2048 6f6d 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b Home (numeric k\n-00039a50: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d75 eypad). numu\n-00039a60: 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p \n-00039a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5570 2028 6e75 Up (nu\n-00039a80: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-00039a90: 2020 206e 756d 7067 7570 2020 2020 2020 numpgup \n+00039a40: 2020 2020 2048 6f6d 6520 286e 756d 6572 Home (numer\n+00039a50: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+00039a60: 6e75 6d75 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 numup \n+00039a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5570 Up\n+00039a80: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+00039a90: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7067 7570 2020 ). numpgup \n 00039aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039ab0: 2050 6167 6520 5570 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 Page Up (numeri\n-00039ac0: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-00039ad0: 756d 696e 7365 7274 2020 2020 2020 2020 uminsert \n-00039ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6e73 Ins\n-00039af0: 6572 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 ert (numeric key\n-00039b00: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 656c pad). numdel\n-00039b10: 6574 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ete \n-00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 2028 Delete (\n-00039b30: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00039b40: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6173 7465 7269 736b numasterisk\n-00039b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b60: 2020 202a 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 * (numeric ke\n-00039b70: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6d69 ypad). nummi\n-00039b80: 6e75 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nus \n-00039b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2028 6e75 6d65 - (nume\n-00039ba0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039bb0: 206e 756d 706c 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 numplus \n-00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202b +\n-00039bd0: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00039be0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 736c 6173 6820 ). numslash \n-00039bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c00: 2020 2020 202f 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 / (numeric \n-00039c10: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-00039c20: 656e 7465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enter \n-00039c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 Enter\n-00039c40: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00039c50: 290a 2020 2020 2064 656c 6574 6520 2020 ). delete \n-00039c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c70: 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 650a 2020 2020 Delete. \n-00039c80: 2069 6e73 6572 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 insert \n-00039c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 I\n-00039ca0: 6e73 6572 740a 2020 2020 2068 6f6d 6520 nsert. home \n-00039cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f6d 650a 2020 Home. \n-00039cd0: 2020 2065 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 end \n+00039ab0: 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 5570 2028 6e75 Page Up (nu\n+00039ac0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00039ad0: 2020 206e 756d 696e 7365 7274 2020 2020 numinsert \n+00039ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039af0: 2049 6e73 6572 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 Insert (numeric\n+00039b00: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+00039b10: 6d64 656c 6574 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 mdelete \n+00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 6c65 Dele\n+00039b30: 7465 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 te (numeric keyp\n+00039b40: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6173 7465 ad). numaste\n+00039b50: 7269 736b 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 risk \n+00039b60: 2020 2020 2020 202a 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 * (numeri\n+00039b70: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+00039b80: 756d 6d69 6e75 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 umminus \n+00039b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2028 - (\n+00039ba0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+00039bb0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 706c 7573 2020 2020 numplus \n+00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039bd0: 2020 202b 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 + (numeric ke\n+00039be0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 736c ypad). numsl\n+00039bf0: 6173 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ash \n+00039c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 2028 6e75 6d65 / (nume\n+00039c10: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+00039c20: 206e 756d 656e 7465 7220 2020 2020 2020 numenter \n+00039c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 E\n+00039c40: 6e74 6572 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 nter (numeric ke\n+00039c50: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 2064 656c 6574 ypad). delet\n+00039c60: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n+00039c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 650a Delete.\n+00039c80: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6572 7420 2020 2020 insert \n+00039c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039ca0: 2020 2049 6e73 6572 740a 2020 2020 2068 Insert. h\n+00039cb0: 6f6d 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ome \n+00039cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f6d Hom\n+00039cd0: 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e64 2020 2020 2020 e. end \n 00039ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039cf0: 2045 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7067 646f 776e End. pgdown\n-00039d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2044 6f77 Page Dow\n-00039d20: 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 6775 7020 2020 2020 n. pgup \n+00039cf0: 2020 2020 2045 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7067 End. pg\n+00039d00: 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 down \n+00039d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 Page\n+00039d20: 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 6775 7020 Down. pgup \n 00039d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d40: 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 5570 0a20 2020 Page Up. \n-00039d50: 2020 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 down \n+00039d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 5570 Page Up\n+00039d50: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 . down \n 00039d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d70: 446f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 7570 2020 2020 Down. up \n+00039d70: 2020 2020 446f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 7570 Down. up\n 00039d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5570 0a20 2020 2020 Up. \n-00039da0: 6c65 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 left \n-00039db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c65 Le\n-00039dc0: 6674 0a20 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 2020 ft. right \n-00039dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039de0: 2020 2020 2020 5269 6768 740a 0a20 2020 Right.. \n-00039df0: 2020 4173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 206b 6579 As well as key\n-00039e00: 7374 726f 6b65 732c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 strokes, the ...\n-00039e10: 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 sendkey... comma\n-00039e20: 6e64 2074 616b 6573 2076 6172 696f 7573 nd takes various\n-00039e30: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 7468 options. th\n-00039e40: 6174 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 4249 at affect the BI\n-00039e50: 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 7374 6174 OS keyboard stat\n-00039e60: 7573 2066 6c61 6773 2e20 2054 6865 7365 us flags. These\n-00039e70: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 616b 6520 616e options take an\n-00039e80: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 986f 6ee2 8099 206f . ...on... o\n-00039e90: 7220 e280 986f 6666 e280 9920 7061 7261 r ...off... para\n-00039ea0: 6d65 7465 722c 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e meter, specifyin\n-00039eb0: 6720 7468 6174 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 g that the corre\n-00039ec0: 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2073 7461 7475 730a sponding status.\n-00039ed0: 2020 2020 2066 6c61 6720 6265 2073 6574 flag be set\n-00039ee0: 206f 7220 756e 7365 743b 206f 6d69 7474 or unset; omitt\n-00039ef0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 2066 ing the option f\n-00039f00: 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e 2073 7461 7475 or a given statu\n-00039f10: 7320 666c 6167 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c s flag. will\n-00039f20: 206c 6561 7665 2074 6861 7420 666c 6167 leave that flag\n-00039f30: 2061 7420 6974 7320 696e 6974 6961 6c20 at its initial \n-00039f40: 7374 6174 6520 6174 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 state at boot. \n-00039f50: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 756d e280 992c The ...--num...,\n-00039f60: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d63 6170 73e2 . ...--caps.\n-00039f70: 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6ce2 .., ...--scroll.\n-00039f80: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d69 6e73 .., and ...--ins\n-00039f90: 6572 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 ert... options e\n-00039fa0: 6d75 6c61 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 mulate setting t\n-00039fb0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f he. correspo\n-00039fc0: 6e64 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 2c20 7768 696c nding mode, whil\n-00039fd0: 6520 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 756d 6b65 e the ...--numke\n-00039fe0: 79e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d63 6170 736b y..., ...--capsk\n-00039ff0: 6579 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d ey...,. ...-\n-0003a000: 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 e280 992c 2061 -scrollkey..., a\n-0003a010: 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 6b65 nd ...--insertke\n-0003a020: 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 6d75 y... options emu\n-0003a030: 6c61 7465 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 616e late pressing an\n-0003a040: 640a 2020 2020 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 2074 d. holding t\n-0003a050: 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 he corresponding\n-0003a060: 206b 6579 2e20 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 key. The other\n-0003a070: 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f 7074 status flag opt\n-0003a080: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7365 ions are. se\n-0003a090: 6c66 2d65 7870 6c61 6e61 746f 7279 2e0a lf-explanatory..\n-0003a0a0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 . If the ...\n-0003a0b0: 2d2d 6e6f 2d6c 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 --no-led... opti\n-0003a0c0: 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 on is given, the\n-0003a0d0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f 7074 status flag opt\n-0003a0e0: 696f 6e73 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2068 ions will. h\n-0003a0f0: 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 7420 6f6e ave no effect on\n-0003a100: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 4c45 4473 2e0a keyboard LEDs..\n-0003a110: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 . If the ...\n-0003a120: 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 sendkey... comma\n-0003a130: 6e64 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d75 6c74 nd is given mult\n-0003a140: 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 2c20 7468 656e iple times, then\n-0003a150: 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c only the. l\n-0003a160: 6173 7420 696e 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 2068 ast invocation h\n-0003a170: 6173 2061 6e79 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a as any effect...\n-0003a180: 2020 2020 2053 696e 6365 20e2 8098 7365 Since ...se\n-0003a190: 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 206d 616e 6970 756c ndkey... manipul\n-0003a1a0: 6174 6573 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 ates the BIOS ke\n-0003a1b0: 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 722c 2069 yboard buffer, i\n-0003a1c0: 7420 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 t may cause. \n-0003a1d0: 2068 616e 6773 2c20 7265 626f 6f74 732c hangs, reboots,\n-0003a1e0: 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7220 6d69 7362 6568 or other misbeh\n-0003a1f0: 6176 696f 7572 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 2073 aviour on some s\n-0003a200: 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a ystems. If the.\n-0003a210: 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 operating s\n-0003a220: 7973 7465 6d20 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ystem or boot lo\n-0003a230: 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 2061 ader that runs a\n-0003a240: 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2069 fter GRUB uses i\n-0003a250: 7473 206f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7962 ts own. keyb\n-0003a260: 6f61 7264 2064 7269 7665 7220 7261 7468 oard driver rath\n-0003a270: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 4249 4f53 er than the BIOS\n-0003a280: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6675 6e63 7469 keyboard functi\n-0003a290: 6f6e 732c 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 ons, then. .\n-0003a2a0: 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2077 696c ..sendkey... wil\n-0003a2b0: 6c20 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 l have no effect\n-0003a2c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n-0003a2d0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 mand is only ava\n-0003a2e0: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 5043 2042 494f ilable on PC BIO\n-0003a2f0: 5320 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 S systems.....Fi\n-0003a300: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003a310: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 Node: set, Next\n-0003a320: 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 : sha1sum, Prev\n-0003a330: 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5570 3a20 : sendkey, Up: \n-0003a340: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0003a350: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3637 2073 mands..17.4.67 s\n-0003a360: 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a et.-----------..\n-0003a370: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6574 -- Command: set\n-0003a380: 205b 656e 7676 6172 3d76 616c 7565 5d0a [envvar=value].\n-0003a390: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2065 6e76 Set the env\n-0003a3a0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0003a3b0: 6520 454e 5656 4152 2074 6f20 5641 4c55 e ENVVAR to VALU\n-0003a3c0: 452e 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 E. If invoked w\n-0003a3d0: 6974 6820 6e6f 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6775 ith no. argu\n-0003a3e0: 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2061 6c6c ments, print all\n-0003a3f0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0003a400: 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6569 iables with thei\n-0003a410: 7220 7661 6c75 6573 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 r values. For. \n-0003a420: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 the list of \n-0003a430: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-0003a440: 6162 6c65 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 ables currently \n-0003a450: 7573 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2069 7473 used by GRUB its\n-0003a460: 656c 6620 7365 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 elf see. the\n-0003a470: 2072 656c 6576 616e 7420 7365 6374 696f relevant sectio\n-0003a480: 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d n *note Environm\n-0003a490: 656e 743a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ent::.....File: \n-0003a4a0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003a4b0: 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 : sha1sum, Next\n-0003a4c0: 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 : sha256sum, Pr\n-0003a4d0: 6576 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ev: set, Up: Co\n-0003a4e0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0003a4f0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3638 2073 6861 nds..17.4.68 sha\n-0003a500: 3173 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 1sum.-----------\n-0003a510: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003a520: 643a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2061 7267 202e d: sha1sum arg .\n-0003a530: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f ... Alias fo\n-0003a540: 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 r ...hashsum --h\n-0003a550: 6173 6820 7368 6131 2061 7267 202e 2e2e ash sha1 arg ...\n-0003a560: e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d 616e .... See comman\n-0003a570: 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 990a d ...hashsum....\n-0003a580: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 (*note hash\n-0003a590: 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 sum::) for full \n-0003a5a0: 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a description.....\n-0003a5b0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003a5c0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 Node: sha256su\n-0003a5d0: 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 6135 3132 m, Next: sha512\n-0003a5e0: 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6131 sum, Prev: sha1\n-0003a5f0: 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e sum, Up: Comman\n-0003a600: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0003a610: 0a31 372e 342e 3639 2073 6861 3235 3673 .17.4.69 sha256s\n-0003a620: 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d um.-------------\n-0003a630: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003a640: 643a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2061 7267 d: sha256sum arg\n-0003a650: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 .... Alias \n-0003a660: 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d for ...hashsum -\n-0003a670: 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6132 3536 2061 7267 -hash sha256 arg\n-0003a680: 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f ....... See co\n-0003a690: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d mmand ...hashsum\n-0003a6a0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .... (*note \n-0003a6b0: 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 hashsum::) for f\n-0003a6c0: 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e ull description.\n-0003a6d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003a6e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6135 nfo, Node: sha5\n-0003a6f0: 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736c 12sum, Next: sl\n-0003a700: 6565 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6132 eep, Prev: sha2\n-0003a710: 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 56sum, Up: Comm\n-0003a720: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0003a730: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3730 2073 6861 3531 s..17.4.70 sha51\n-0003a740: 3273 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2sum.-----------\n-0003a750: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003a760: 616e 643a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2061 and: sha512sum a\n-0003a770: 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 rg .... Alia\n-0003a780: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d s for ...hashsum\n-0003a790: 202d 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6135 3132 2061 --hash sha512 a\n-0003a7a0: 7267 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 rg ....... See \n-0003a7b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 command ...hashs\n-0003a7c0: 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 um.... (*not\n-0003a7d0: 6520 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 e hashsum::) for\n-0003a7e0: 2066 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f full descriptio\n-0003a7f0: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-0003a800: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 736c .info, Node: sl\n-0003a810: 6565 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736d 6269 eep, Next: smbi\n-0003a820: 6f73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 3531 os, Prev: sha51\n-0003a830: 3273 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 2sum, Up: Comma\n-0003a840: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0003a850: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3120 736c 6565 700a ..17.4.71 sleep.\n-0003a860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003a870: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736c 6565 -- Command: slee\n-0003a880: 7020 5b2d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 5d20 5b2d p [--verbose] [-\n-0003a890: 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6962 6c65 5d20 -interruptible] \n-0003a8a0: 636f 756e 740a 2020 2020 2053 6c65 6570 count. Sleep\n-0003a8b0: 2066 6f72 2043 4f55 4e54 2073 6563 6f6e for COUNT secon\n-0003a8c0: 6473 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 ds. If option .\n-0003a8d0: 8098 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 7469 626c ..--interruptibl\n-0003a8e0: 65e2 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 0a20 e... is given,. \n-0003a8f0: 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 7072 6573 7369 allow pressi\n-0003a900: 6e67 203c 4553 433e 2c20 3c46 343e 206f ng , o\n-0003a910: 7220 686f 6c64 696e 6720 646f 776e 203c r holding down <\n-0003a920: 5348 4946 543e 2074 6f20 696e 7465 7272 SHIFT> to interr\n-0003a930: 7570 740a 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 2e20 upt. sleep. \n-0003a940: 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f With ...--verbo\n-0003a950: 7365 e280 9920 7368 6f77 2063 6f75 6e74 se... show count\n-0003a960: 646f 776e 206f 6620 7265 6d61 696e 696e down of remainin\n-0003a970: 6720 7365 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4578 6974 g seconds. Exit\n-0003a980: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6465 2069 7320 7365 . code is se\n-0003a990: 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 t to 0 if timeou\n-0003a9a0: 7420 6578 7069 7265 6420 616e 6420 746f t expired and to\n-0003a9b0: 2031 2069 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7761 1 if timeout wa\n-0003a9c0: 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 s. interrupt\n-0003a9d0: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2061 6e79 206f 6620 ed using any of \n-0003a9e0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 the mentioned ke\n-0003a9f0: 7973 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ys.....File: gru\n-0003aa00: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n-0003aa10: 6d62 696f 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736f mbios, Next: so\n-0003aa20: 7572 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6c65 urce, Prev: sle\n-0003aa30: 6570 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ep, Up: Command\n-0003aa40: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0003aa50: 3137 2e34 2e37 3220 736d 6269 6f73 0a2d 17.4.72 smbios.-\n-0003aa60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003aa70: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736d 6269 -- Command: smbi\n-0003aa80: 6f73 205b 2d2d 7479 7065 2054 5950 455d os [--type TYPE]\n-0003aa90: 205b 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 2048 414e 444c [--handle HANDL\n-0003aaa0: 455d 205b 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 4d41 5443 E] [--match MATC\n-0003aab0: 485d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 2d2d H]. (--\n-0003aac0: 6765 742d 6279 7465 207c 202d 2d67 6574 get-byte | --get\n-0003aad0: 2d77 6f72 6420 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 -word | --get-dw\n-0003aae0: 6f72 6420 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7177 6f72 ord | --get-qwor\n-0003aaf0: 6420 7c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d d |. --\n-0003ab00: 6765 742d 7374 7269 6e67 207c 202d 2d67 get-string | --g\n-0003ab10: 6574 2d75 7569 6429 204f 4646 5345 5420 et-uuid) OFFSET \n-0003ab20: 5b2d 2d73 6574 2056 4152 4941 424c 455d [--set VARIABLE]\n-0003ab30: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2053 . Retrieve S\n-0003ab40: 4d42 494f 5320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f MBIOS informatio\n-0003ab50: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 n... The ...\n-0003ab60: 736d 6269 6f73 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e smbios... comman\n-0003ab70: 6420 7265 7475 726e 7320 7468 6520 7661 d returns the va\n-0003ab80: 6c75 6520 6f66 2061 2066 6965 6c64 2069 lue of a field i\n-0003ab90: 6e20 616e 2053 4d42 494f 530a 2020 2020 n an SMBIOS. \n-0003aba0: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2054 6865 structure. The\n-0003abb0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n-0003abc0: 6e73 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 ns determine whi\n-0003abd0: 6368 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2074 6f0a ch structure to.\n-0003abe0: 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 select... \n-0003abf0: 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 6966 ... Specif\n-0003ac00: 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 7479 7065 e280 ying ...--type..\n-0003ac10: 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 . will select st\n-0003ac20: 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 ructures with a \n-0003ac30: 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2020 matching. \n-0003ac40: 2020 2054 5950 452e 2020 5468 6520 7479 TYPE. The ty\n-0003ac50: 7065 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 696e pe can be any in\n-0003ac60: 7465 6765 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 2074 6f20 teger from 0 to \n-0003ac70: 3235 352e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 255.. ...\n-0003ac80: 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d Specifying ...-\n-0003ac90: 2d68 616e 646c 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 -handle... will \n-0003aca0: 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 select structure\n-0003acb0: 7320 7769 7468 2061 206d 6174 6368 696e s with a matchin\n-0003acc0: 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4841 4e44 g. HAND\n-0003acd0: 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2068 616e 646c 6520 LE. The handle \n-0003ace0: 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 6567 can be any integ\n-0003acf0: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 3020 746f 2036 3535 er from 0 to 655\n-0003ad00: 3335 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 35.. ... \n-0003ad10: 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d Specifying ...--\n-0003ad20: 6d61 7463 68e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7365 match... will se\n-0003ad30: 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 206e lect structure n\n-0003ad40: 756d 6265 7220 4d41 5443 4820 696e 2074 umber MATCH in t\n-0003ad50: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c he. fil\n-0003ad60: 7465 7265 6420 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7374 tered list of st\n-0003ad70: 7275 6374 7572 6573 3b20 652e 672e 2020 ructures; e.g. \n-0003ad80: e280 9873 6d62 696f 7320 2d2d 7479 7065 ...smbios --type\n-0003ad90: 2034 202d 2d6d 6174 6368 2032 e280 990a 4 --match 2....\n-0003ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2073 will s\n-0003adb0: 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 elect the second\n-0003adc0: 2050 726f 6365 7373 2049 6e66 6f72 6d61 Process Informa\n-0003add0: 7469 6f6e 2028 5479 7065 2034 2920 7374 tion (Type 4) st\n-0003ade0: 7275 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ructure.. \n-0003adf0: 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6973 2061 The list is a\n-0003ae00: 6c77 6179 7320 6f72 6465 7265 6420 7468 lways ordered th\n-0003ae10: 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7468 6520 6861 e same as the ha\n-0003ae20: 7264 7761 7265 2773 2053 4d42 494f 530a rdware's SMBIOS.\n-0003ae30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7461 626c 652e table.\n-0003ae40: 2020 5468 6520 6d61 7463 6820 6e75 6d62 The match numb\n-0003ae50: 6572 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 2070 6f73 er must be a pos\n-0003ae60: 6974 6976 6520 696e 7465 6765 722e 2020 itive integer. \n-0003ae70: 4966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 If. uns\n-0003ae80: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6669 pecified, the fi\n-0003ae90: 7273 7420 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2073 7472 rst matching str\n-0003aea0: 7563 7475 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 ucture will be s\n-0003aeb0: 656c 6563 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 elected... T\n-0003aec0: 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 206f 7074 he remaining opt\n-0003aed0: 696f 6e73 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 ions determine w\n-0003aee0: 6869 6368 2066 6965 6c64 2069 6e20 7468 hich field in th\n-0003aef0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n-0003af00: 530a 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 S. structure\n-0003af10: 2074 6f20 7265 7475 726e 2e20 204f 6e6c to return. Onl\n-0003af20: 7920 6f6e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 7365 206f y one of these o\n-0003af30: 7074 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 7370 ptions may be sp\n-0003af40: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 ecified at. \n-0003af50: 6120 7469 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 a time... \n-0003af60: 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 ... When given \n-0003af70: e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 65e2 8099 ...--get-byte...\n-0003af80: 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c , return the val\n-0003af90: 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 6279 7465 2061 ue of the byte a\n-0003afa0: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4f46 4653 t. OFFS\n-0003afb0: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n-0003afc0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n-0003afd0: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 S structure. It\n-0003afe0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n-0003aff0: 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 formatted as \n-0003b000: 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 an unsigned deci\n-0003b010: 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 mal integer.. \n-0003b020: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 ... When gi\n-0003b030: 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d77 6f72 ven ...--get-wor\n-0003b040: 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 d..., return the\n-0003b050: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 776f value of the wo\n-0003b060: 7264 2028 7477 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rd (two. \n-0003b070: 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 bytes) at OFFS\n-0003b080: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n-0003b090: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n-0003b0a0: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 S structure. It\n-0003b0b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 . will \n-0003b0c0: 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 be formatted as \n-0003b0d0: 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 an unsigned deci\n-0003b0e0: 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 mal integer.. \n-0003b0f0: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 ... When gi\n-0003b100: 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d64 776f ven ...--get-dwo\n-0003b110: 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 rd..., return th\n-0003b120: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2064 e value of the d\n-0003b130: 776f 7264 2028 666f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 word (four. \n-0003b140: 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f bytes) at O\n-0003b150: 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f FFSET bytes into\n-0003b160: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d the selected SM\n-0003b170: 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 BIOS structure. \n-0003b180: 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 It. wi\n-0003b190: 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 ll be formatted \n-0003b1a0: 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 as an unsigned d\n-0003b1b0: 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a ecimal integer..\n-0003b1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e ... When\n-0003b1d0: 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d given ...--get-\n-0003b1e0: 7177 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e qword..., return\n-0003b1f0: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 the value of th\n-0003b200: 6520 7177 6f72 6420 2865 6967 6874 0a20 e qword (eight. \n-0003b210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 bytes) \n-0003b220: 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 at OFFSET bytes \n-0003b230: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 into the selecte\n-0003b240: 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 d SMBIOS structu\n-0003b250: 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 re. It. \n-0003b260: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 will be format\n-0003b270: 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e ted as an unsign\n-0003b280: 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 ed decimal integ\n-0003b290: 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 er.. ... \n-0003b2a0: 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d When given ...--\n-0003b2b0: 6765 742d 7374 7269 6e67 e280 992c 2072 get-string..., r\n-0003b2c0: 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 eturn the string\n-0003b2d0: 2077 6974 6820 6974 7320 696e 6465 780a with its index.\n-0003b2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 756e 6420 found \n-0003b2f0: 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 at OFFSET bytes \n-0003b300: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 into the selecte\n-0003b310: 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 d SMBIOS structu\n-0003b320: 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 re.. ... \n-0003b330: 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d When given ...--\n-0003b340: 6765 742d 7575 6964 e280 992c 2072 6574 get-uuid..., ret\n-0003b350: 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 urn the value of\n-0003b360: 2074 6865 2055 5549 4420 2873 6978 7465 the UUID (sixte\n-0003b370: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 en. byt\n-0003b380: 6573 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 es) at OFFSET by\n-0003b390: 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c tes into the sel\n-0003b3a0: 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 ected SMBIOS str\n-0003b3b0: 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 ucture. 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EXPRESSION\n-0003c1a0: 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ...).... \n-0003c1b0: 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 6973 EXPRESSION is\n-0003c1c0: 2074 7275 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 21e2 true. ...!.\n-0003c1d0: 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e0a 2020 .. EXPRESSION. \n-0003c1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 EXPRESSI\n-0003c1f0: 4f4e 2069 7320 6661 6c73 650a 2020 2020 ON is false. \n-0003c200: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 20e2 8098 EXPRESSION1 ...\n-0003c210: 2d61 e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e -a... EXPRESSION\n-0003c220: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7468 2. both\n-0003c230: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 EXPRESSION1 and\n-0003c240: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2061 7265 EXPRESSION2 are\n-0003c250: 2074 7275 650a 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 true. EXPRE\n-0003c260: 5353 494f 4e31 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f SSION1 EXPRESSIO\n-0003c270: 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 N2. bot\n-0003c280: 6820 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 616e h EXPRESSION1 an\n-0003c290: 6420 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 6172 d EXPRESSION2 ar\n-0003c2a0: 6520 7472 7565 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7379 e true. This sy\n-0003c2b0: 6e74 6178 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 ntax is not. \n-0003c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 504f 5349 582d 636f 6d70 POSIX-comp\n-0003c2d0: 6c69 616e 7420 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 liant and is not\n-0003c2e0: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2e0a 2020 recommended.. \n-0003c2f0: 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 20e2 EXPRESSION1 .\n-0003c300: 8098 2d6f e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 5349 ..-o... EXPRESSI\n-0003c310: 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6569 ON2. ei\n-0003c320: 7468 6572 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 ther EXPRESSION1\n-0003c330: 206f 7220 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 or EXPRESSION2 \n-0003c340: 6973 2074 7275 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a is true....File:\n-0003c350: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003c360: 653a 2074 7275 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: true, Next: \n-0003c370: 7472 7573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7465 trust, Prev: te\n-0003c380: 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 st, Up: Command\n-0003c390: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0003c3a0: 3137 2e34 2e37 3520 7472 7565 0a2d 2d2d 17.4.75 true.---\n-0003c3b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003c3c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7472 7565 0a20 2020 ommand: true. \n-0003c3d0: 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 7375 Do nothing, su\n-0003c3e0: 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 ccessfully. Thi\n-0003c3f0: 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 s is mainly usef\n-0003c400: 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 2020 ul in control. \n-0003c410: 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 7320 7375 constructs su\n-0003c420: 6368 2061 7320 e280 9869 66e2 8099 2061 ch as ...if... a\n-0003c430: 6e64 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2028 nd ...while... (\n-0003c440: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 *note Shell-like\n-0003c450: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a scripting::)...\n-0003c460: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003c470: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7573 742c o, Node: trust,\n-0003c480: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 Next: unset, \n-0003c490: 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2055 703a Prev: true, Up:\n-0003c4a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0003c4b0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3620 mmands..17.4.76 \n-0003c4c0: 7472 7573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d trust.----------\n-0003c4d0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003c4e0: 3a20 7472 7573 7420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d : trust [--skip-\n-0003c4f0: 7369 675d 2070 7562 6b65 795f 6669 6c65 sig] pubkey_file\n-0003c500: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2070 7562 6c69 . Read publi\n-0003c510: 6320 6b65 7920 6672 6f6d 2050 5542 4b45 c key from PUBKE\n-0003c520: 595f 4649 4c45 2061 6e64 2061 6464 2069 Y_FILE and add i\n-0003c530: 7420 746f 2047 5255 4227 7320 696e 7465 t to GRUB's inte\n-0003c540: 726e 616c 206c 6973 740a 2020 2020 206f rnal list. o\n-0003c550: 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 7075 626c 6963 f trusted public\n-0003c560: 206b 6579 732e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6b65 keys. These ke\n-0003c570: 7973 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2076 ys are used to v\n-0003c580: 616c 6964 6174 6520 6469 6769 7461 6c0a alidate digital.\n-0003c590: 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 signatures \n-0003c5a0: 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 when environment\n-0003c5b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 variable ...che\n-0003c5c0: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 ck_signatures...\n-0003c5d0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 is set to. \n-0003c5e0: e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992e 2020 ...enforce.... \n-0003c5f0: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6966 20e2 8098 Note that if ...\n-0003c600: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n-0003c610: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ... is set to ..\n-0003c620: 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 .enforce.... \n-0003c630: 2077 6865 6e20 e280 9874 7275 7374 e280 when ...trust..\n-0003c640: 9920 6578 6563 7574 6573 2c20 7468 656e . executes, then\n-0003c650: 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d 7573 PUBKEY_FILE mus\n-0003c660: 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 6f70 t itself be prop\n-0003c670: 6572 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6564 erly. signed\n-0003c680: 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 . The ...--skip\n-0003c690: 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2063 -sig... option c\n-0003c6a0: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 an be used to di\n-0003c6b0: 7361 626c 650a 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e61 sable. signa\n-0003c6c0: 7475 7265 2d63 6865 636b 696e 6720 7768 ture-checking wh\n-0003c6d0: 656e 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2050 5542 4b45 en reading PUBKE\n-0003c6e0: 595f 4649 4c45 2069 7473 656c 662e 2020 Y_FILE itself. \n-0003c6f0: 4974 2069 7320 6578 7065 6374 6564 0a20 It is expected. \n-0003c700: 2020 2020 7468 6174 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b that ...--sk\n-0003c710: 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 ip-sig... is use\n-0003c720: 6675 6c20 666f 7220 7465 7374 696e 6720 ful for testing \n-0003c730: 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 2062 6f6f 7469 and manual booti\n-0003c740: 6e67 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ng. *Note. \n-0003c750: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n-0003c760: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 gnatures::, for \n-0003c770: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n-0003c780: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003c790: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2075 6e73 info, Node: uns\n-0003c7a0: 6574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2076 6572 6966 et, Next: verif\n-0003c7b0: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 2050 7265 y_detached, Pre\n-0003c7c0: 763a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 v: trust, Up: C\n-0003c7d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-0003c7e0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3720 756e ands..17.4.77 un\n-0003c7f0: 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d set.------------\n-0003c800: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003c810: 756e 7365 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 unset envvar. \n-0003c820: 2020 556e 7365 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 Unset the envi\n-0003c830: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-0003c840: 2045 4e56 5641 522e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ENVVAR.....File\n-0003c850: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003c860: 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 de: verify_detac\n-0003c870: 6865 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7669 6465 hed, Next: vide\n-0003c880: 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 756e oinfo, Prev: un\n-0003c890: 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e set, Up: Comman\n-0003c8a0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0003c8b0: 0a31 372e 342e 3738 2076 6572 6966 795f .17.4.78 verify_\n-0003c8c0: 6465 7461 6368 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d detached.-------\n+00039d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5570 0a20 Up. \n+00039da0: 2020 2020 6c65 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 left \n+00039db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039dc0: 2020 4c65 6674 0a20 2020 2020 7269 6768 Left. righ\n+00039dd0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+00039de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5269 6768 740a Right.\n+00039df0: 0a20 2020 2020 4173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 . As well as\n+00039e00: 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 732c 2074 6865 keystrokes, the\n+00039e10: 20e2 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2063 ...sendkey... c\n+00039e20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 616b 6573 2076 6172 ommand takes var\n+00039e30: 696f 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a20 2020 ious options. \n+00039e40: 2020 7468 6174 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 that affect th\n+00039e50: 6520 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 e BIOS keyboard \n+00039e60: 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6773 2e20 2054 status flags. T\n+00039e70: 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 616b hese options tak\n+00039e80: 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 986f 6ee2 e an. ...on.\n+00039e90: 8099 206f 7220 e280 986f 6666 e280 9920 .. or ...off... \n+00039ea0: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2073 7065 6369 parameter, speci\n+00039eb0: 6679 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 6865 2063 fying that the c\n+00039ec0: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2073 7461 orresponding sta\n+00039ed0: 7475 730a 2020 2020 2066 6c61 6720 6265 tus. flag be\n+00039ee0: 2073 6574 206f 7220 756e 7365 743b 206f set or unset; o\n+00039ef0: 6d69 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 6f70 7469 mitting the opti\n+00039f00: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e 2073 on for a given s\n+00039f10: 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 0a20 2020 2020 tatus flag. \n+00039f20: 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 7665 2074 6861 7420 will leave that \n+00039f30: 666c 6167 2061 7420 6974 7320 696e 6974 flag at its init\n+00039f40: 6961 6c20 7374 6174 6520 6174 2062 6f6f ial state at boo\n+00039f50: 742e 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 756d t. The ...--num\n+00039f60: e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d63 ...,. ...--c\n+00039f70: 6170 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d73 6372 aps..., ...--scr\n+00039f80: 6f6c 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d oll..., and ...-\n+00039f90: 2d69 6e73 6572 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f -insert... optio\n+00039fa0: 6e73 2065 6d75 6c61 7465 2073 6574 7469 ns emulate setti\n+00039fb0: 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7272 ng the. corr\n+00039fc0: 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 2c20 esponding mode, \n+00039fd0: 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e while the ...--n\n+00039fe0: 756d 6b65 79e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d63 umkey..., ...--c\n+00039ff0: 6170 736b 6579 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 apskey...,. \n+0003a000: e280 982d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 e280 ...--scrollkey..\n+0003a010: 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 ., and ...--inse\n+0003a020: 7274 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 rtkey... options\n+0003a030: 2065 6d75 6c61 7465 2070 7265 7373 696e emulate pressin\n+0003a040: 6720 616e 640a 2020 2020 2068 6f6c 6469 g and. holdi\n+0003a050: 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e ng the correspon\n+0003a060: 6469 6e67 206b 6579 2e20 2054 6865 206f ding key. The o\n+0003a070: 7468 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 ther status flag\n+0003a080: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 0a20 2020 options are. \n+0003a090: 2020 7365 6c66 2d65 7870 6c61 6e61 746f self-explanato\n+0003a0a0: 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 ry... If the\n+0003a0b0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d6c 6564 e280 9920 ...--no-led... \n+0003a0c0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c option is given,\n+0003a0d0: 2074 6865 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 the status flag\n+0003a0e0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 options will. \n+0003a0f0: 2020 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 have no effec\n+0003a100: 7420 6f6e 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 4c45 t on keyboard LE\n+0003a110: 4473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 Ds... If the\n+0003a120: 20e2 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2063 ...sendkey... c\n+0003a130: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 ommand is given \n+0003a140: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 2c20 multiple times, \n+0003a150: 7468 656e 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 650a 2020 then only the. \n+0003a160: 2020 206c 6173 7420 696e 766f 6361 7469 last invocati\n+0003a170: 6f6e 2068 6173 2061 6e79 2065 6666 6563 on has any effec\n+0003a180: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 696e 6365 20e2 t... Since .\n+0003a190: 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 206d 616e ..sendkey... man\n+0003a1a0: 6970 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 2042 494f ipulates the BIO\n+0003a1b0: 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 S keyboard buffe\n+0003a1c0: 722c 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a r, it may cause.\n+0003a1d0: 2020 2020 2068 616e 6773 2c20 7265 626f hangs, rebo\n+0003a1e0: 6f74 732c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7220 6d69 ots, or other mi\n+0003a1f0: 7362 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6e20 736f sbehaviour on so\n+0003a200: 6d65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 2049 6620 me systems. If \n+0003a210: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 the. operati\n+0003a220: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f72 2062 6f6f ng system or boo\n+0003a230: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 7275 t loader that ru\n+0003a240: 6e73 2061 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 7573 ns after GRUB us\n+0003a250: 6573 2069 7473 206f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 es its own. \n+0003a260: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2064 7269 7665 7220 keyboard driver \n+0003a270: 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 rather than the \n+0003a280: 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6675 BIOS keyboard fu\n+0003a290: 6e63 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 nctions, then. \n+0003a2a0: 2020 20e2 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 ...sendkey...\n+0003a2b0: 2077 696c 6c20 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 will have no ef\n+0003a2c0: 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 fect... This\n+0003a2d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 command is only\n+0003a2e0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 5043 available on PC\n+0003a2f0: 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a BIOS systems...\n+0003a300: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003a310: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 742c 2020 o, Node: set, \n+0003a320: 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 Next: sha1sum, \n+0003a330: 5072 6576 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 Prev: sendkey, \n+0003a340: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0003a350: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0003a360: 3637 2073 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 67 set.---------\n+0003a370: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003a380: 2073 6574 205b 656e 7676 6172 3d76 616c set [envvar=val\n+0003a390: 7565 5d0a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 ue]. Set the\n+0003a3a0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+0003a3b0: 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2074 6f20 iable ENVVAR to \n+0003a3c0: 5641 4c55 452e 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b VALUE. If invok\n+0003a3d0: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 0a20 2020 2020 ed with no. \n+0003a3e0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 arguments, print\n+0003a3f0: 2061 6c6c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 all environment\n+0003a400: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 6820 variables with \n+0003a410: 7468 6569 7220 7661 6c75 6573 2e20 2046 their values. F\n+0003a420: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 7374 or. the list\n+0003a430: 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 of environment \n+0003a440: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6375 7272 656e variables curren\n+0003a450: 746c 7920 7573 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 tly used by GRUB\n+0003a460: 2069 7473 656c 6620 7365 650a 2020 2020 itself see. \n+0003a470: 2074 6865 2072 656c 6576 616e 7420 7365 the relevant se\n+0003a480: 6374 696f 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 ction *note Envi\n+0003a490: 726f 6e6d 656e 743a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ronment::.....Fi\n+0003a4a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003a4b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 Node: sha1sum, \n+0003a4c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2c Next: sha256sum,\n+0003a4d0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5570 Prev: set, Up\n+0003a4e0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0003a4f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3638 ommands..17.4.68\n+0003a500: 2073 6861 3173 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sha1sum.-------\n+0003a510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003a520: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2061 mmand: sha1sum a\n+0003a530: 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 rg .... Alia\n+0003a540: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d s for ...hashsum\n+0003a550: 202d 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6131 2061 7267 --hash sha1 arg\n+0003a560: 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f ....... See co\n+0003a570: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d mmand ...hashsum\n+0003a580: e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .... (*note \n+0003a590: 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 hashsum::) for f\n+0003a5a0: 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e ull description.\n+0003a5b0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003a5c0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6132 nfo, Node: sha2\n+0003a5d0: 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 56sum, Next: sh\n+0003a5e0: 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 a512sum, Prev: \n+0003a5f0: 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f sha1sum, Up: Co\n+0003a600: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0003a610: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3639 2073 6861 nds..17.4.69 sha\n+0003a620: 3235 3673 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 256sum.---------\n+0003a630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003a640: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d mmand: sha256sum\n+0003a650: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c arg .... Al\n+0003a660: 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 ias for ...hashs\n+0003a670: 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6132 3536 um --hash sha256\n+0003a680: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 arg ....... Se\n+0003a690: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 e command ...has\n+0003a6a0: 6873 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e hsum.... (*n\n+0003a6b0: 6f74 6520 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 ote hashsum::) f\n+0003a6c0: 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 or full descript\n+0003a6d0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+0003a6e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003a6f0: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 sha512sum, Next\n+0003a700: 3a20 736c 6565 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : sleep, Prev: \n+0003a710: 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 sha256sum, Up: \n+0003a720: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0003a730: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3730 2073 mands..17.4.70 s\n+0003a740: 6861 3531 3273 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ha512sum.-------\n+0003a750: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003a760: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6861 3531 3273 Command: sha512s\n+0003a770: 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 um arg .... \n+0003a780: 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 Alias for ...has\n+0003a790: 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6135 hsum --hash sha5\n+0003a7a0: 3132 2061 7267 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 12 arg ....... \n+0003a7b0: 5365 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 See command ...h\n+0003a7c0: 6173 6873 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 ashsum.... (\n+0003a7d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 *note hashsum::)\n+0003a7e0: 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 for full descri\n+0003a7f0: 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ption.....File: \n+0003a800: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003a810: 3a20 736c 6565 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : sleep, Next: \n+0003a820: 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 smbios, Prev: s\n+0003a830: 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ha512sum, Up: C\n+0003a840: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0003a850: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3120 736c ands..17.4.71 sl\n+0003a860: 6565 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eep.------------\n+0003a870: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003a880: 736c 6565 7020 5b2d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 sleep [--verbose\n+0003a890: 5d20 5b2d 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6962 ] [--interruptib\n+0003a8a0: 6c65 5d20 636f 756e 740a 2020 2020 2053 le] count. S\n+0003a8b0: 6c65 6570 2066 6f72 2043 4f55 4e54 2073 leep for COUNT s\n+0003a8c0: 6563 6f6e 6473 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 econds. If opti\n+0003a8d0: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 on ...--interrup\n+0003a8e0: 7469 626c 65e2 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 tible... is give\n+0003a8f0: 6e2c 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 7072 n,. allow pr\n+0003a900: 6573 7369 6e67 203c 4553 433e 2c20 3c46 essing , or holding do\n+0003a920: 776e 203c 5348 4946 543e 2074 6f20 696e wn to in\n+0003a930: 7465 7272 7570 740a 2020 2020 2073 6c65 terrupt. sle\n+0003a940: 6570 2e20 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d76 ep. With ...--v\n+0003a950: 6572 626f 7365 e280 9920 7368 6f77 2063 erbose... show c\n+0003a960: 6f75 6e74 646f 776e 206f 6620 7265 6d61 ountdown of rema\n+0003a970: 696e 696e 6720 7365 636f 6e64 732e 2020 ining seconds. \n+0003a980: 4578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6465 2069 Exit. code i\n+0003a990: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 7469 s set to 0 if ti\n+0003a9a0: 6d65 6f75 7420 6578 7069 7265 6420 616e meout expired an\n+0003a9b0: 6420 746f 2031 2069 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 d to 1 if timeou\n+0003a9c0: 7420 7761 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 t was. inter\n+0003a9d0: 7275 7074 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2061 6e79 rupted using any\n+0003a9e0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 of the mentione\n+0003a9f0: 6420 6b65 7973 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a d keys.....File:\n+0003aa00: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003aa10: 653a 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 4e65 7874 e: smbios, Next\n+0003aa20: 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a : source, Prev:\n+0003aa30: 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d sleep, Up: Com\n+0003aa40: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0003aa50: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3220 736d 6269 ds..17.4.72 smbi\n+0003aa60: 6f73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d os.-------------\n+0003aa70: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003aa80: 736d 6269 6f73 205b 2d2d 7479 7065 2054 smbios [--type T\n+0003aa90: 5950 455d 205b 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 2048 YPE] [--handle H\n+0003aaa0: 414e 444c 455d 205b 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 ANDLE] [--match \n+0003aab0: 4d41 5443 485d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 MATCH]. \n+0003aac0: 2028 2d2d 6765 742d 6279 7465 207c 202d (--get-byte | -\n+0003aad0: 2d67 6574 2d77 6f72 6420 7c20 2d2d 6765 -get-word | --ge\n+0003aae0: 742d 6477 6f72 6420 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d t-dword | --get-\n+0003aaf0: 7177 6f72 6420 7c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 qword |. \n+0003ab00: 2020 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 7269 6e67 207c --get-string |\n+0003ab10: 202d 2d67 6574 2d75 7569 6429 204f 4646 --get-uuid) OFF\n+0003ab20: 5345 5420 5b2d 2d73 6574 2056 4152 4941 SET [--set VARIA\n+0003ab30: 424c 455d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 BLE]. Retrie\n+0003ab40: 7665 2053 4d42 494f 5320 696e 666f 726d ve SMBIOS inform\n+0003ab50: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ation... The\n+0003ab60: 20e2 8098 736d 6269 6f73 e280 9920 636f ...smbios... co\n+0003ab70: 6d6d 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e 7320 7468 mmand returns th\n+0003ab80: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2061 2066 6965 e value of a fie\n+0003ab90: 6c64 2069 6e20 616e 2053 4d42 494f 530a ld in an SMBIOS.\n+0003aba0: 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 structure. \n+0003abb0: 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f The following o\n+0003abc0: 7074 696f 6e73 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 ptions determine\n+0003abd0: 2077 6869 6368 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 which structure\n+0003abe0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 742e to. select.\n+0003abf0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 .. ... Sp\n+0003ac00: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 7479 ecifying ...--ty\n+0003ac10: 7065 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 pe... will selec\n+0003ac20: 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 t structures wit\n+0003ac30: 6820 6120 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 h a matching. \n+0003ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2054 5950 452e 2020 5468 TYPE. Th\n+0003ac50: 6520 7479 7065 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e e type can be an\n+0003ac60: 7920 696e 7465 6765 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 y integer from 0\n+0003ac70: 2074 6f20 3235 352e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 to 255.. \n+0003ac80: 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 ... Specifying \n+0003ac90: e280 982d 2d68 616e 646c 65e2 8099 2077 ...--handle... w\n+0003aca0: 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 ill select struc\n+0003acb0: 7475 7265 7320 7769 7468 2061 206d 6174 tures with a mat\n+0003acc0: 6368 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ching. \n+0003acd0: 4841 4e44 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2068 616e HANDLE. The han\n+0003ace0: 646c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2069 dle can be any i\n+0003acf0: 6e74 6567 6572 2066 726f 6d20 3020 746f nteger from 0 to\n+0003ad00: 2036 3535 3335 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 65535.. \n+0003ad10: e280 a220 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 ... Specifying .\n+0003ad20: 8098 2d2d 6d61 7463 68e2 8099 2077 696c ..--match... wil\n+0003ad30: 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 l select structu\n+0003ad40: 7265 206e 756d 6265 7220 4d41 5443 4820 re number MATCH \n+0003ad50: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n+0003ad60: 2066 696c 7465 7265 6420 6c69 7374 206f filtered list o\n+0003ad70: 6620 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 3b20 652e f structures; e.\n+0003ad80: 672e 2020 e280 9873 6d62 696f 7320 2d2d g. ...smbios --\n+0003ad90: 7479 7065 2034 202d 2d6d 6174 6368 2032 type 4 --match 2\n+0003ada0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 .... wi\n+0003adb0: 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 7365 ll select the se\n+0003adc0: 636f 6e64 2050 726f 6365 7373 2049 6e66 cond Process Inf\n+0003add0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2028 5479 7065 2034 ormation (Type 4\n+0003ade0: 2920 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 ) structure.. \n+0003adf0: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 The list \n+0003ae00: 6973 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6f72 6465 7265 is always ordere\n+0003ae10: 6420 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7468 d the same as th\n+0003ae20: 6520 6861 7264 7761 7265 2773 2053 4d42 e hardware's SMB\n+0003ae30: 494f 530a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7461 IOS. ta\n+0003ae40: 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 6d61 7463 6820 ble. The match \n+0003ae50: 6e75 6d62 6572 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 number must be a\n+0003ae60: 2070 6f73 6974 6976 6520 696e 7465 6765 positive intege\n+0003ae70: 722e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. If. \n+0003ae80: 2075 6e73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7468 unspecified, th\n+0003ae90: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 e first matching\n+0003aea0: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2077 696c 6c20 structure will \n+0003aeb0: 6265 2073 656c 6563 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 be selected... \n+0003aec0: 2020 2054 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 The remaining\n+0003aed0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2064 6574 6572 6d69 options determi\n+0003aee0: 6e65 2077 6869 6368 2066 6965 6c64 2069 ne which field i\n+0003aef0: 6e20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 n the selected S\n+0003af00: 4d42 494f 530a 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 MBIOS. struc\n+0003af10: 7475 7265 2074 6f20 7265 7475 726e 2e20 ture to return. \n+0003af20: 204f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 Only one of the\n+0003af30: 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 se options may b\n+0003af40: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6174 0a20 e specified at. \n+0003af50: 2020 2020 6120 7469 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 a time... \n+0003af60: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 ... When gi\n+0003af70: 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 ven ...--get-byt\n+0003af80: 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 e..., return the\n+0003af90: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 6279 value of the by\n+0003afa0: 7465 2061 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te at. \n+0003afb0: 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 OFFSET bytes int\n+0003afc0: 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 o the selected S\n+0003afd0: 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e MBIOS structure.\n+0003afe0: 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 It will be. \n+0003aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 formatted\n+0003b000: 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 as an unsigned \n+0003b010: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e decimal integer.\n+0003b020: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 . ... Whe\n+0003b030: 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 n given ...--get\n+0003b040: 2d77 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e -word..., return\n+0003b050: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 the value of th\n+0003b060: 6520 776f 7264 2028 7477 6f0a 2020 2020 e word (two. \n+0003b070: 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 bytes) at \n+0003b080: 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 OFFSET bytes int\n+0003b090: 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 o the selected S\n+0003b0a0: 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e MBIOS structure.\n+0003b0b0: 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 It. w\n+0003b0c0: 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 ill be formatted\n+0003b0d0: 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 as an unsigned \n+0003b0e0: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e decimal integer.\n+0003b0f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 . ... Whe\n+0003b100: 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 n given ...--get\n+0003b110: 2d64 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 -dword..., retur\n+0003b120: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 n the value of t\n+0003b130: 6865 2064 776f 7264 2028 666f 7572 0a20 he dword (four. \n+0003b140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 bytes) \n+0003b150: 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 at OFFSET bytes \n+0003b160: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 into the selecte\n+0003b170: 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 d SMBIOS structu\n+0003b180: 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 re. It. \n+0003b190: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 will be format\n+0003b1a0: 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e ted as an unsign\n+0003b1b0: 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 ed decimal integ\n+0003b1c0: 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 er.. ... \n+0003b1d0: 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d When given ...--\n+0003b1e0: 6765 742d 7177 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 get-qword..., re\n+0003b1f0: 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f turn the value o\n+0003b200: 6620 7468 6520 7177 6f72 6420 2865 6967 f the qword (eig\n+0003b210: 6874 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 ht. byt\n+0003b220: 6573 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 es) at OFFSET by\n+0003b230: 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c tes into the sel\n+0003b240: 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 ected SMBIOS str\n+0003b250: 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 ucture. It. \n+0003b260: 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f will be fo\n+0003b270: 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e rmatted as an un\n+0003b280: 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 signed decimal i\n+0003b290: 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 nteger.. \n+0003b2a0: e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 ... When given .\n+0003b2b0: 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 7269 6e67 e280 ..--get-string..\n+0003b2c0: 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7374 ., return the st\n+0003b2d0: 7269 6e67 2077 6974 6820 6974 7320 696e ring with its in\n+0003b2e0: 6465 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f dex. fo\n+0003b2f0: 756e 6420 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 und at OFFSET by\n+0003b300: 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c tes into the sel\n+0003b310: 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 ected SMBIOS str\n+0003b320: 7563 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ucture.. \n+0003b330: e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 ... When given .\n+0003b340: 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 6964 e280 992c ..--get-uuid...,\n+0003b350: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 return the valu\n+0003b360: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2055 5549 4420 2873 e of the UUID (s\n+0003b370: 6978 7465 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ixteen. \n+0003b380: 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 bytes) at OFFSE\n+0003b390: 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 T bytes into the\n+0003b3a0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 selected SMBIOS\n+0003b3b0: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a structure. It.\n+0003b3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 will b\n+0003b3d0: 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 206c e formatted as l\n+0003b3e0: 6f77 6572 2d63 6173 6520 6879 7068 656e ower-case hyphen\n+0003b3f0: 6174 6564 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c ated hexadecimal\n+0003b400: 2064 6967 6974 732c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 digits,. \n+0003b410: 2020 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6669 7273 with the firs\n+0003b420: 7420 7468 7265 6520 6669 656c 6473 2061 t three fields a\n+0003b430: 7320 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 6961 6e2c s little-endian,\n+0003b440: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2072 6573 740a 2020 and the rest. \n+0003b450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 printed \n+0003b460: 6279 7465 2d62 792d 6279 7465 2e0a 0a20 byte-by-byte... \n+0003b470: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 The default \n+0003b480: 6163 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 746f 2070 7269 action is to pri\n+0003b490: 6e74 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 nt the value of \n+0003b4a0: 7468 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 6669 the requested fi\n+0003b4b0: 656c 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 eld to. the \n+0003b4c0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 652c 2062 7574 2061 2076 console, but a v\n+0003b4d0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 2063 616e ariable name can\n+0003b4e0: 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 be specified wi\n+0003b4f0: 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 2074 th ...--set... t\n+0003b500: 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 746f 7265 2074 6865 o. store the\n+0003b510: 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f value instead o\n+0003b520: 6620 7072 696e 7469 6e67 2069 742e 0a0a f printing it...\n+0003b530: 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 For example\n+0003b540: 2c20 7468 6973 2077 696c 6c20 7374 6f72 , this will stor\n+0003b550: 6520 616e 6420 7468 656e 2064 6973 706c e and then displ\n+0003b560: 6179 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 ay the system. \n+0003b570: 2020 206d 616e 7566 6163 7475 7265 7227 manufacturer'\n+0003b580: 7320 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 s name... \n+0003b590: 2020 2073 6d62 696f 7320 2d2d 7479 7065 smbios --type\n+0003b5a0: 2031 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e 6720 1 --get-string \n+0003b5b0: 3420 2d2d 7365 7420 7379 7374 656d 5f6d 4 --set system_m\n+0003b5c0: 616e 7566 6163 7475 7265 720a 2020 2020 anufacturer. \n+0003b5d0: 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f 2024 7379 7374 echo $syst\n+0003b5e0: 656d 5f6d 616e 7566 6163 7475 7265 720a em_manufacturer.\n+0003b5f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003b600: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6f75 7263 fo, Node: sourc\n+0003b610: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 7374 2c20 e, Next: test, \n+0003b620: 2050 7265 763a 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 Prev: smbios, \n+0003b630: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0003b640: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0003b650: 3733 2073 6f75 7263 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 73 source.------\n+0003b660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003b670: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6f75 7263 6520 6669 mmand: source fi\n+0003b680: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2046 494c le. Read FIL\n+0003b690: 4520 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 E as a configura\n+0003b6a0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 7320 6966 tion file, as if\n+0003b6b0: 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6861 its contents ha\n+0003b6c0: 6420 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 696e 636f d been. inco\n+0003b6d0: 7270 6f72 6174 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c rporated directl\n+0003b6e0: 7920 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 6f75 7263 y into the sourc\n+0003b6f0: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2e20 2055 6e6c 696b ing file. Unlik\n+0003b700: 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 e ...configfile.\n+0003b710: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 ... 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Evaluate\n+0003b8b0: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 616e 6420 EXPRESSION and \n+0003b8c0: 7265 7475 726e 207a 6572 6f20 6578 6974 return zero exit\n+0003b8d0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6966 2072 6573 756c status if resul\n+0003b8e0: 7420 6973 2074 7275 652c 0a20 2020 2020 t is true,. \n+0003b8f0: 6e6f 6e20 7a65 726f 2073 7461 7475 7320 non zero status \n+0003b900: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 otherwise... \n+0003b910: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 6973 206f EXPRESSION is o\n+0003b920: 6e65 206f 663a 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 ne of:.. STR\n+0003b930: 494e 4731 20e2 8098 3d3d e280 9920 5354 ING1 ...==... ST\n+0003b940: 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 RING2. \n+0003b950: 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 7320 6172 6520 the strings are \n+0003b960: 6571 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e equal. STRIN\n+0003b970: 4731 20e2 8098 213d e280 9920 5354 5249 G1 ...!=... STRI\n+0003b980: 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 NG2. th\n+0003b990: 6520 7374 7269 6e67 7320 6172 6520 6e6f e strings are no\n+0003b9a0: 7420 6571 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 t equal. STR\n+0003b9b0: 494e 4731 20e2 8098 3ce2 8099 2053 5452 ING1 ...<... STR\n+0003b9c0: 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 ING2. S\n+0003b9d0: 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f TRING1 is lexico\n+0003b9e0: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6c65 7373 graphically less\n+0003b9f0: 2074 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 than STRING2. \n+0003ba00: 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 3c3d STRING1 ...<=\n+0003ba10: e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 ... STRING2. \n+0003ba20: 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 STRING1 is\n+0003ba30: 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c lexicographical\n+0003ba40: 6c79 206c 6573 7320 6f72 2065 7175 616c ly less or equal\n+0003ba50: 2074 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 than STRING2. \n+0003ba60: 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 3ee2 STRING1 ...>.\n+0003ba70: 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 .. STRING2. \n+0003ba80: 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 STRING1 is \n+0003ba90: 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c lexicographicall\n+0003baa0: 7920 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 2053 y greater than S\n+0003bab0: 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 TRING2. STRI\n+0003bac0: 4e47 3120 e280 983e 3de2 8099 2053 5452 NG1 ...>=... STR\n+0003bad0: 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 ING2. S\n+0003bae0: 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f TRING1 is lexico\n+0003baf0: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6772 6561 graphically grea\n+0003bb00: 7465 7220 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6861 ter or equal tha\n+0003bb10: 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2049 n STRING2. I\n+0003bb20: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6571 e280 NTEGER1 ...-eq..\n+0003bb30: 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 . INTEGER2. \n+0003bb40: 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 INTEGER1 is\n+0003bb50: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 equal to INTEGE\n+0003bb60: 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 R2. INTEGER1\n+0003bb70: 20e2 8098 2d67 65e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 ...-ge... INTEG\n+0003bb80: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e ER2. IN\n+0003bb90: 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 TEGER1 is greate\n+0003bba0: 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 r than or equal \n+0003bbb0: 746f 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 to INTEGER2. \n+0003bbc0: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6774 INTEGER1 ...-gt\n+0003bbd0: e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 ... INTEGER2. \n+0003bbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 INTEGER1 \n+0003bbf0: 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 is greater than \n+0003bc00: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e INTEGER2. IN\n+0003bc10: 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d6c 65e2 8099 TEGER1 ...-le...\n+0003bc20: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n+0003bc30: 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 INTEGER1 is \n+0003bc40: 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 less than or equ\n+0003bc50: 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 al to INTEGER2. \n+0003bc60: 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 INTEGER1 ...\n+0003bc70: 2d6c 74e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a -lt... INTEGER2.\n+0003bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 INTEGE\n+0003bc90: 5231 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 R1 is less than \n+0003bca0: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e INTEGER2. IN\n+0003bcb0: 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d6e 65e2 8099 TEGER1 ...-ne...\n+0003bcc0: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n+0003bcd0: 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 INTEGER1 is \n+0003bce0: 6e6f 7420 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 not equal to INT\n+0003bcf0: 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2050 5245 4649 EGER2. PREFI\n+0003bd00: 5849 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 7067 XINTEGER1 ...-pg\n+0003bd10: 74e2 8099 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 t... PREFIXINTEG\n+0003bd20: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e ER2. IN\n+0003bd30: 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 TEGER1 is greate\n+0003bd40: 7220 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3220 r than INTEGER2 \n+0003bd50: 6166 7465 7220 7374 7269 7070 696e 6720 after stripping \n+0003bd60: 6f66 6620 636f 6d6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 off common. \n+0003bd70: 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 2d6e 756d 6572 6963 non-numeric\n+0003bd80: 2050 5245 4649 582e 0a20 2020 2020 5052 PREFIX.. PR\n+0003bd90: 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 EFIXINTEGER1 ...\n+0003bda0: 2d70 6c74 e280 9920 5052 4546 4958 494e -plt... PREFIXIN\n+0003bdb0: 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 TEGER2. \n+0003bdc0: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 206c 6573 INTEGER1 is les\n+0003bdd0: 7320 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3220 s than INTEGER2 \n+0003bde0: 6166 7465 7220 7374 7269 7070 696e 6720 after stripping \n+0003bdf0: 6f66 6620 636f 6d6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 off common. \n+0003be00: 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 2d6e 756d 6572 6963 non-numeric\n+0003be10: 2050 5245 4649 582e 0a20 2020 2020 4649 PREFIX.. FI\n+0003be20: 4c45 3120 e280 982d 6e74 e280 9920 4649 LE1 ...-nt... FI\n+0003be30: 4c45 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 LE2. FI\n+0003be40: 4c45 3120 6973 206e 6577 6572 2074 6861 LE1 is newer tha\n+0003be50: 6e20 4649 4c45 3220 286d 6f64 6966 6963 n FILE2 (modific\n+0003be60: 6174 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 292e 2020 4f70 ation time). Op\n+0003be70: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tionally. \n+0003be80: 2020 206e 756d 6572 6963 2042 4941 5320 numeric BIAS \n+0003be90: 6d61 7920 6265 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 may be directly \n+0003bea0: 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 e280 982d appended to ...-\n+0003beb0: 6e74 e280 9920 696e 2077 6869 6368 2063 nt... in which c\n+0003bec0: 6173 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 ase. it\n+0003bed0: 2069 7320 6164 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 is added to the\n+0003bee0: 2066 6972 7374 2066 696c 6520 6d6f 6469 first file modi\n+0003bef0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 652e 0a20 fication time.. \n+0003bf00: 2020 2020 4649 4c45 3120 e280 982d 6f74 FILE1 ...-ot\n+0003bf10: e280 9920 4649 4c45 320a 2020 2020 2020 ... FILE2. \n+0003bf20: 2020 2020 4649 4c45 3120 6973 206f 6c64 FILE1 is old\n+0003bf30: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 4649 4c45 3220 286d er than FILE2 (m\n+0003bf40: 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 odification time\n+0003bf50: 292e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a20 ). Optionally. \n+0003bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d 6572 6963 numeric\n+0003bf70: 2042 4941 5320 6d61 7920 6265 2064 6972 BIAS may be dir\n+0003bf80: 6563 746c 7920 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2074 ectly appended t\n+0003bf90: 6f20 e280 982d 6f74 e280 9920 696e 2077 o ...-ot... in w\n+0003bfa0: 6869 6368 2063 6173 650a 2020 2020 2020 hich case. \n+0003bfb0: 2020 2020 6974 2069 7320 6164 6465 6420 it is added \n+0003bfc0: 746f 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2066 696c to the first fil\n+0003bfd0: 6520 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 e modification t\n+0003bfe0: 696d 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 64e2 ime.. ...-d.\n+0003bff0: 8099 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. FILE. \n+0003c000: 2020 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e FILE exists an\n+0003c010: 6420 6973 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 d is a directory\n+0003c020: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 65e2 8099 2046 . ...-e... F\n+0003c030: 494c 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 ILE. FI\n+0003c040: 4c45 2065 7869 7374 730a 2020 2020 20e2 LE exists. .\n+0003c050: 8098 2d66 e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 ..-f... FILE. \n+0003c060: 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 FILE exis\n+0003c070: 7473 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6120 ts and is not a \n+0003c080: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 20e2 directory. .\n+0003c090: 8098 2d73 e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 ..-s... FILE. \n+0003c0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 FILE exis\n+0003c0b0: 7473 2061 6e64 2068 6173 2061 2073 697a ts and has a siz\n+0003c0c0: 6520 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 207a e greater than z\n+0003c0d0: 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 ero. ...-n..\n+0003c0e0: 9920 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 2020 2020 . STRING. \n+0003c0f0: 2020 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 the length of\n+0003c100: 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 206e 6f6e 7a65 STRING is nonze\n+0003c110: 726f 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 ro. STRING. \n+0003c120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4720 STRING \n+0003c130: 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f is equivalent to\n+0003c140: 20e2 8098 2d6e 2053 5452 494e 47e2 8099 ...-n STRING...\n+0003c150: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 7ae2 8099 2053 . ...-z... S\n+0003c160: 5452 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 TRING. \n+0003c170: 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 5354 the length of ST\n+0003c180: 5249 4e47 2069 7320 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 RING is zero. \n+0003c190: 2020 e280 9828 e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 ...(... EXPRES\n+0003c1a0: 5349 4f4e 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 SION ...).... \n+0003c1b0: 2020 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f EXPRESSIO\n+0003c1c0: 4e20 6973 2074 7275 650a 2020 2020 20e2 N is true. .\n+0003c1d0: 8098 21e2 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f ..!... EXPRESSIO\n+0003c1e0: 4e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4558 5052 N. EXPR\n+0003c1f0: 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 6661 6c73 650a ESSION is false.\n+0003c200: 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 EXPRESSION1\n+0003c210: 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 ...-a... EXPRES\n+0003c220: 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SION2. \n+0003c230: 626f 7468 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 both EXPRESSION1\n+0003c240: 2061 6e64 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 and EXPRESSION2\n+0003c250: 2061 7265 2074 7275 650a 2020 2020 2045 are true. E\n+0003c260: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2045 5850 5245 XPRESSION1 EXPRE\n+0003c270: 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 SSION2. \n+0003c280: 2062 6f74 6820 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e both EXPRESSION\n+0003c290: 3120 616e 6420 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 1 and EXPRESSION\n+0003c2a0: 3220 6172 6520 7472 7565 2e20 2054 6869 2 are true. Thi\n+0003c2b0: 7320 7379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 6e6f 740a s syntax is not.\n+0003c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 504f 5349 582d POSIX-\n+0003c2d0: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 616e 6420 6973 compliant and is\n+0003c2e0: 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 not recommended\n+0003c2f0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f .. EXPRESSIO\n+0003c300: 4e31 20e2 8098 2d6f e280 9920 4558 5052 N1 ...-o... EXPR\n+0003c310: 4553 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ESSION2. \n+0003c320: 2020 6569 7468 6572 2045 5850 5245 5353 either EXPRESS\n+0003c330: 494f 4e31 206f 7220 4558 5052 4553 5349 ION1 or EXPRESSI\n+0003c340: 4f4e 3220 6973 2074 7275 650a 0a1f 0a46 ON2 is true....F\n+0003c350: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003c360: 204e 6f64 653a 2074 7275 652c 2020 4e65 Node: true, Ne\n+0003c370: 7874 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 5072 6576 xt: trust, Prev\n+0003c380: 3a20 7465 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : test, Up: Com\n+0003c390: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0003c3a0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3520 7472 7565 ds..17.4.75 true\n+0003c3b0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n+0003c3c0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7472 7565 -- Command: true\n+0003c3d0: 0a20 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 . Do nothing\n+0003c3e0: 2c20 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 , successfully. \n+0003c3f0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 This is mainly \n+0003c400: 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f useful in contro\n+0003c410: 6c0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 l. construct\n+0003c420: 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9869 66e2 s such as ...if.\n+0003c430: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 .. and ...while.\n+0003c440: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d .. (*note Shell-\n+0003c450: 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a like scripting::\n+0003c460: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+0003c470: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 .info, Node: tr\n+0003c480: 7573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 756e 7365 ust, Next: unse\n+0003c490: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 t, Prev: true, \n+0003c4a0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0003c4b0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0003c4c0: 2e37 3620 7472 7573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .76 trust.------\n+0003c4d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003c4e0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7472 7573 7420 5b2d 2d73 mand: trust [--s\n+0003c4f0: 6b69 702d 7369 675d 2070 7562 6b65 795f kip-sig] pubkey_\n+0003c500: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2070 file. Read p\n+0003c510: 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6672 6f6d 2050 ublic key from P\n+0003c520: 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2061 6e64 2061 UBKEY_FILE and a\n+0003c530: 6464 2069 7420 746f 2047 5255 4227 7320 dd it to GRUB's \n+0003c540: 696e 7465 726e 616c 206c 6973 740a 2020 internal list. \n+0003c550: 2020 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 7075 of trusted pu\n+0003c560: 626c 6963 206b 6579 732e 2020 5468 6573 blic keys. Thes\n+0003c570: 6520 6b65 7973 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 e keys are used \n+0003c580: 746f 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 6469 6769 to validate digi\n+0003c590: 7461 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e61 7475 tal. signatu\n+0003c5a0: 7265 7320 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e res when environ\n+0003c5b0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 ment variable ..\n+0003c5c0: 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 .check_signature\n+0003c5d0: 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 s... is set to. \n+0003c5e0: 2020 2020 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 ...enforce..\n+0003c5f0: 992e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6966 .. Note that if\n+0003c600: 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ...check_signat\n+0003c610: 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ures... is set t\n+0003c620: 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 990a o ...enforce....\n+0003c630: 2020 2020 2077 6865 6e20 e280 9874 7275 when ...tru\n+0003c640: 7374 e280 9920 6578 6563 7574 6573 2c20 st... executes, \n+0003c650: 7468 656e 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 then PUBKEY_FILE\n+0003c660: 206d 7573 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 must itself be \n+0003c670: 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7369 properly. si\n+0003c680: 676e 6564 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d gned. The ...--\n+0003c690: 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 skip-sig... opti\n+0003c6a0: 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 on can be used t\n+0003c6b0: 6f20 6469 7361 626c 650a 2020 2020 2073 o disable. s\n+0003c6c0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2d63 6865 636b 696e ignature-checkin\n+0003c6d0: 6720 7768 656e 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2050 g when reading P\n+0003c6e0: 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2069 7473 656c UBKEY_FILE itsel\n+0003c6f0: 662e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6578 7065 6374 f. It is expect\n+0003c700: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 20e2 8098 ed. that ...\n+0003c710: 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6973 --skip-sig... is\n+0003c720: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 7465 7374 useful for test\n+0003c730: 696e 6720 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 2062 ing and manual b\n+0003c740: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 ooting. *Note. \n+0003c750: 2020 2020 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 Using digita\n+0003c760: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 l signatures::, \n+0003c770: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 for more informa\n+0003c780: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+0003c790: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003c7a0: 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2076 unset, Next: v\n+0003c7b0: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 erify_detached, \n+0003c7c0: 2050 7265 763a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2055 Prev: trust, U\n+0003c7d0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0003c7e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n+0003c7f0: 3720 756e 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 7 unset.--------\n+0003c800: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003c810: 6e64 3a20 756e 7365 7420 656e 7676 6172 nd: unset envvar\n+0003c820: 0a20 2020 2020 556e 7365 7420 7468 6520 . Unset the \n+0003c830: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0003c840: 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 522e 0a0a 1f0a able ENVVAR.....\n+0003c850: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003c860: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 Node: verify_d\n+0003c870: 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 etached, Next: \n+0003c880: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 videoinfo, Prev\n+0003c890: 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : unset, Up: Co\n+0003c8a0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0003c8b0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3738 2076 6572 nds..17.4.78 ver\n+0003c8c0: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 0a2d 2d2d ify_detached.---\n 0003c8d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003c8e0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2076 .. -- Command: v\n-0003c8f0: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 205b erify_detached [\n-0003c900: 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 6669 6c65 --skip-sig] file\n-0003c910: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 5f66 696c 650a signature_file.\n-0003c920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b70 7562 6b65 [pubke\n-0003c930: 795f 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 y_file]. Ver\n-0003c940: 6966 6965 7320 6120 4750 472d 7374 796c ifies a GPG-styl\n-0003c950: 6520 6465 7461 6368 6564 2073 6967 6e61 e detached signa\n-0003c960: 7475 7265 2c20 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 ture, where the \n-0003c970: 7369 676e 6564 2066 696c 6520 6973 0a20 signed file is. \n-0003c980: 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2c20 616e 6420 7468 FILE, and th\n-0003c990: 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6974 7365 e signature itse\n-0003c9a0: 6c66 2069 7320 696e 2066 696c 6520 5349 lf is in file SI\n-0003c9b0: 474e 4154 5552 455f 4649 4c45 2e0a 2020 GNATURE_FILE.. \n-0003c9c0: 2020 204f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2061 Optionally, a\n-0003c9d0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7075 626c 6963 specific public\n-0003c9e0: 206b 6579 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6361 6e20 key to use can \n-0003c9f0: 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2075 7369 be specified usi\n-0003ca00: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5055 424b 4559 5f46 ng. PUBKEY_F\n-0003ca10: 494c 452e 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 ILE. When envir\n-0003ca20: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-0003ca30: e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 ...check_signatu\n-0003ca40: 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 740a 2020 res... is set. \n-0003ca50: 2020 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 to ...enforce\n-0003ca60: e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 ..., then PUBKEY\n-0003ca70: 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c _FILE must itsel\n-0003ca80: 6620 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c 7920 7369 f be properly si\n-0003ca90: 676e 6564 2062 7920 616e 0a20 2020 2020 gned by an. \n-0003caa0: 616c 7265 6164 792d 7472 7573 7465 6420 already-trusted \n-0003cab0: 6b65 792e 2020 416e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 key. An unsigne\n-0003cac0: 6420 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6361 d PUBKEY_FILE ca\n-0003cad0: 6e20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 0a20 n be loaded by. \n-0003cae0: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 specifying .\n-0003caf0: 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 992e ..--skip-sig....\n-0003cb00: 2020 4966 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 If PUBKEY_FILE\n-0003cb10: 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2074 6865 is omitted, the\n-0003cb20: 6e20 7075 626c 6963 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 n public. ke\n-0003cb30: 7973 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2773 2074 ys from GRUB's t\n-0003cb40: 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 7320 282a 6e6f rusted keys (*no\n-0003cb50: 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a te list_trusted:\n-0003cb60: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 7275 7374 3a3a :, *note trust::\n-0003cb70: 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f 7465 ,. and *note\n-0003cb80: 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2061 7265 distrust::) are\n-0003cb90: 2074 7269 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4578 tried... Ex\n-0003cba0: 6974 2063 6f64 6520 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 it code ...$?...\n-0003cbb0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 is set to 0 if \n-0003cbc0: 7468 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 7661 the signature va\n-0003cbd0: 6c69 6461 7465 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 lidates successf\n-0003cbe0: 756c 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7661 ully.. If va\n-0003cbf0: 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 lidation fails, \n-0003cc00: 6974 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2061 206e it is set to a n\n-0003cc10: 6f6e 2d7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 2020 on-zero value. \n-0003cc20: 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 670a 2020 2020 *Note Using. \n-0003cc30: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n-0003cc40: 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 res::, for more \n-0003cc50: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a information.....\n-0003cc60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003cc70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 Node: videoinf\n-0003cc80: 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7772 6d73 722c o, Next: wrmsr,\n-0003cc90: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 Prev: verify_d\n-0003cca0: 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f etached, Up: Co\n-0003ccb0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0003ccc0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3739 2076 6964 nds..17.4.79 vid\n-0003ccd0: 656f 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eoinfo.---------\n-0003cce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003ccf0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f mmand: videoinfo\n-0003cd00: 205b 5b57 7848 5d78 445d 0a20 2020 2020 [[WxH]xD]. \n-0003cd10: 4c69 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 List available v\n-0003cd20: 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2049 6620 ideo modes. If \n-0003cd30: 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 resolution is gi\n-0003cd40: 7665 6e2c 2073 686f 7720 6f6e 6c79 0a20 ven, show only. \n-0003cd50: 2020 2020 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 206d 6f64 matching mod\n-0003cd60: 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 es.....File: gru\n-0003cd70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2077 b.info, Node: w\n-0003cd80: 726d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2076 6964 rmsr, Prev: vid\n-0003cd90: 656f 696e 666f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d eoinfo, Up: Com\n-0003cda0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0003cdb0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 3020 7772 6d73 ds..17.4.80 wrms\n-0003cdc0: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a r.-------------.\n-0003cdd0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a3a 2077 . -- Command:: w\n-0003cde0: 726d 7372 2030 7841 4444 5220 3078 5641 rmsr 0xADDR 0xVA\n-0003cdf0: 4c55 450a 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 2061 LUE. Write a\n-0003ce00: 2030 7856 414c 5545 2074 6f20 6120 6d6f 0xVALUE to a mo\n-0003ce10: 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 del-specific reg\n-0003ce20: 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 7373 ister at address\n-0003ce30: 2030 7841 4444 522e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 0xADDR... P\n-0003ce40: 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 lease note that \n-0003ce50: 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 on SMP systems, \n-0003ce60: 7772 6974 696e 6720 746f 2061 204d 5352 writing to a MSR\n-0003ce70: 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 6120 7363 6f70 that has a scop\n-0003ce80: 650a 2020 2020 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 e. per hardw\n-0003ce90: 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c are thread, impl\n-0003cea0: 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c ies that the val\n-0003ceb0: 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2077 7269 7474 ue that is writt\n-0003cec0: 656e 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 7070 en only. app\n-0003ced0: 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 lies to the part\n-0003cee0: 6963 756c 6172 2063 7075 2f63 6f72 652f icular cpu/core/\n-0003cef0: 7468 7265 6164 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 thread that runs\n-0003cf00: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 the command... \n-0003cf10: 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 Also, if you\n-0003cf20: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 6573 6572 specify a reser\n-0003cf30: 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 6c65 6d65 ved or unimpleme\n-0003cf40: 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 7265 7373 nted MSR address\n-0003cf50: 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2063 , it. will c\n-0003cf60: 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 616c 2070 ause a general p\n-0003cf70: 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 rotection except\n-0003cf80: 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f ion (which is no\n-0003cf90: 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 2020 2020 t currently. \n-0003cfa0: 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c 6564 2920 being handled) \n-0003cfb0: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 2077 and the system w\n-0003cfc0: 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a20 2020 ill reboot... \n-0003cfd0: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d Note: The comm\n-0003cfe0: 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 and is not allow\n-0003cff0: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e ed when lockdown\n-0003d000: 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e is enforced (*n\n-0003d010: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 ote. Lockdow\n-0003d020: 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 n::). This is d\n-0003d030: 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 one to prevent s\n-0003d040: 7562 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 6f75 ubverting variou\n-0003d050: 7320 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 2020 s security. \n-0003d060: 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 mechanisms.....F\n-0003d070: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003d080: 204e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e Node: Networkin\n-0003d090: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 g commands, Nex\n-0003d0a0: 743a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 t: Undocumented \n-0003d0b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a commands, Prev:\n-0003d0c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0003d0d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d mmands, Up: Com\n-0003d0e0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3520 4e65 7477 mands..17.5 Netw\n-0003d0f0: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n-0003d100: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003d110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 ========..* Menu\n-0003d120: 3a0a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 :..* net_add_add\n-0003d130: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r:: \n-0003d140: 2020 2041 6464 2061 206e 6574 776f 726b Add a network\n-0003d150: 2061 6464 7265 7373 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 address.* net_a\n-0003d160: 6464 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 dd_dns:: \n-0003d170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2061 2044 Add a D\n-0003d180: 4e53 2073 6572 7665 720a 2a20 6e65 745f NS server.* net_\n-0003d190: 6164 645f 726f 7574 653a 3a20 2020 2020 add_route:: \n-0003d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 726f Add ro\n-0003d1b0: 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 uting entry.* ne\n-0003d1c0: 745f 626f 6f74 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 t_bootp:: \n-0003d1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 Perf\n-0003d1e0: 6f72 6d20 6120 626f 6f74 702f 4448 4350 orm a bootp/DHCP\n-0003d1f0: 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 autoconfigurati\n-0003d200: 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 on.* net_del_add\n-0003d210: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r:: \n-0003d220: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 4950 2061 6464 Remove IP add\n-0003d230: 7265 7373 2066 726f 6d20 696e 7465 7266 ress from interf\n-0003d240: 6163 650a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e ace.* net_del_dn\n-0003d250: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n-0003d260: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 2044 4e53 Remove a DNS\n-0003d270: 2073 6572 7665 720a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 server.* net_de\n-0003d280: 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 l_route:: \n-0003d290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 Remove a\n-0003d2a0: 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 206e route entry.* n\n-0003d2b0: 6574 5f64 6863 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 et_dhcp:: \n-0003d2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 Per\n-0003d2d0: 666f 726d 2061 2044 4843 5020 6175 746f form a DHCP auto\n-0003d2e0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 configuration.* \n-0003d2f0: 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 net_get_dhcp_opt\n-0003d300: 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 ion:: Re\n-0003d310: 7472 6965 7665 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 trieve DHCP opti\n-0003d320: 6f6e 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 ons.* net_ipv6_a\n-0003d330: 7574 6f63 6f6e 663a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 utoconf:: \n-0003d340: 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 4950 7636 Perform IPv6\n-0003d350: 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 autoconfigurati\n-0003d360: 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 on.* net_ls_addr\n-0003d370: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0003d380: 2020 204c 6973 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 List interfac\n-0003d390: 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 es.* net_ls_card\n-0003d3a0: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n-0003d3b0: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 List network \n-0003d3c0: 6361 7264 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 cards.* net_ls_d\n-0003d3d0: 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ns:: \n-0003d3e0: 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2044 4e53 2073 List DNS s\n-0003d3f0: 6572 7665 7273 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f ervers.* net_ls_\n-0003d400: 726f 7574 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 routes:: \n-0003d410: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 726f 7574 List rout\n-0003d420: 696e 6720 656e 7472 6965 730a 2a20 6e65 ing entries.* ne\n-0003d430: 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 3a3a 2020 2020 t_nslookup:: \n-0003d440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 Perf\n-0003d450: 6f72 6d20 6120 444e 5320 6c6f 6f6b 7570 orm a DNS lookup\n-0003d460: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e3a .* net_set_vlan:\n-0003d470: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0003d480: 2053 6574 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 206f 6e20 Set vlan id on \n-0003d490: 616e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 1f0a an interface....\n-0003d4a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003d4b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f Node: net_add_\n-0003d4c0: 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 addr, Next: net\n-0003d4d0: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e _add_dns, Up: N\n-0003d4e0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0003d4f0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 206e 6574 5f61 ds..17.5.1 net_a\n-0003d500: 6464 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dd_addr.--------\n-0003d510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003d520: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 Command: net_ad\n-0003d530: 645f 6164 6472 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 d_addr INTERFACE\n-0003d540: 2043 4152 4420 4144 4452 4553 530a 2020 CARD ADDRESS. \n-0003d550: 2020 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 6464 Configure add\n-0003d560: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 itional network \n-0003d570: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 7769 7468 2041 INTERFACE with A\n-0003d580: 4444 5245 5353 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 7477 DDRESS on a netw\n-0003d590: 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2043 4152 442e 2020 ork. CARD. \n-0003d5a0: 4144 4452 4553 5320 6361 6e20 6265 2065 ADDRESS can be e\n-0003d5b0: 6974 6865 7220 4950 2069 6e20 646f 7474 ither IP in dott\n-0003d5c0: 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 206e 6f74 6174 ed decimal notat\n-0003d5d0: 696f 6e2c 206f 720a 2020 2020 2073 796d ion, or. sym\n-0003d5e0: 626f 6c69 6320 6e61 6d65 2077 6869 6368 bolic name which\n-0003d5f0: 2069 7320 7265 736f 6c76 6564 2075 7369 is resolved usi\n-0003d600: 6e67 2044 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 ng DNS lookup. \n-0003d610: 4966 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 If successful,. \n-0003d620: 2020 2020 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 this command\n-0003d630: 2061 6c73 6f20 6164 6473 206c 6f63 616c also adds local\n-0003d640: 206c 696e 6b20 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e link routing en\n-0003d650: 7472 7920 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 try to the defau\n-0003d660: 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 7375 626e 6574 206f lt. subnet o\n-0003d670: 6620 4144 4452 4553 5320 7769 7468 206e f ADDRESS with n\n-0003d680: 616d 6520 494e 5445 5246 4143 45e2 8098 ame INTERFACE...\n-0003d690: 3a6c 6f63 616c e280 9920 7669 6120 494e :local... via IN\n-0003d6a0: 5445 5246 4143 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 TERFACE.....File\n-0003d6b0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003d6c0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c de: net_add_dns,\n-0003d6d0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f Next: net_add_\n-0003d6e0: 726f 7574 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 route, Prev: ne\n-0003d6f0: 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a t_add_addr, Up:\n-0003d700: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-0003d710: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e32 206e 6574 ands..17.5.2 net\n-0003d720: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _add_dns.-------\n-0003d730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003d740: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 Command: net_ad\n-0003d750: 645f 646e 7320 5345 5256 4552 0a20 2020 d_dns SERVER. \n-0003d760: 2020 5265 736f 6c76 6520 5345 5256 4552 Resolve SERVER\n-0003d770: 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 IP address and \n-0003d780: 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 add to the list \n-0003d790: 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 of DNS servers u\n-0003d7a0: 7365 640a 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 sed. during \n-0003d7b0: 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a name lookup.....\n-0003d7c0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003d7d0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f Node: net_add_\n-0003d7e0: 726f 7574 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 route, Next: ne\n-0003d7f0: 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t_bootp, Prev: \n-0003d800: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 5570 net_add_dns, Up\n-0003d810: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-0003d820: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3320 6e65 mands..17.5.3 ne\n-0003d830: 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d t_add_route.----\n+0003c8e0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003c8f0: 643a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 d: verify_detach\n+0003c900: 6564 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 ed [--skip-sig] \n+0003c910: 6669 6c65 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 5f66 file signature_f\n+0003c920: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b70 ile. [p\n+0003c930: 7562 6b65 795f 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 ubkey_file]. \n+0003c940: 2056 6572 6966 6965 7320 6120 4750 472d Verifies a GPG-\n+0003c950: 7374 796c 6520 6465 7461 6368 6564 2073 style detached s\n+0003c960: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2c20 7768 6572 6520 ignature, where \n+0003c970: 7468 6520 7369 676e 6564 2066 696c 6520 the signed file \n+0003c980: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2c20 616e is. FILE, an\n+0003c990: 6420 7468 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 d the signature \n+0003c9a0: 6974 7365 6c66 2069 7320 696e 2066 696c itself is in fil\n+0003c9b0: 6520 5349 474e 4154 5552 455f 4649 4c45 e SIGNATURE_FILE\n+0003c9c0: 2e0a 2020 2020 204f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c .. Optionall\n+0003c9d0: 792c 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7075 y, a specific pu\n+0003c9e0: 626c 6963 206b 6579 2074 6f20 7573 6520 blic key to use \n+0003c9f0: 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 can be specified\n+0003ca00: 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5055 424b using. PUBK\n+0003ca10: 4559 5f46 494c 452e 2020 5768 656e 2065 EY_FILE. When e\n+0003ca20: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0003ca30: 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 ble ...check_sig\n+0003ca40: 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 natures... is se\n+0003ca50: 740a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 t. to ...enf\n+0003ca60: 6f72 6365 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 orce..., then PU\n+0003ca70: 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 BKEY_FILE must i\n+0003ca80: 7473 656c 6620 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c tself be properl\n+0003ca90: 7920 7369 676e 6564 2062 7920 616e 0a20 y signed by an. \n+0003caa0: 2020 2020 616c 7265 6164 792d 7472 7573 already-trus\n+0003cab0: 7465 6420 6b65 792e 2020 416e 2075 6e73 ted key. An uns\n+0003cac0: 6967 6e65 6420 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c igned PUBKEY_FIL\n+0003cad0: 4520 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 E can be loaded \n+0003cae0: 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 by. specifyi\n+0003caf0: 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 ng ...--skip-sig\n+0003cb00: e280 992e 2020 4966 2050 5542 4b45 595f .... If PUBKEY_\n+0003cb10: 4649 4c45 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c FILE is omitted,\n+0003cb20: 2074 6865 6e20 7075 626c 6963 0a20 2020 then public. \n+0003cb30: 2020 6b65 7973 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 keys from GRUB\n+0003cb40: 2773 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 7320 's trusted keys \n+0003cb50: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 (*note list_trus\n+0003cb60: 7465 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 7275 ted::, *note tru\n+0003cb70: 7374 3a3a 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 202a st::,. and *\n+0003cb80: 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 note distrust::)\n+0003cb90: 2061 7265 2074 7269 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 are tried... \n+0003cba0: 2020 4578 6974 2063 6f64 6520 e280 9824 Exit code ...$\n+0003cbb0: 3fe2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 ?... is set to 0\n+0003cbc0: 2069 6620 7468 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 if the signatur\n+0003cbd0: 6520 7661 6c69 6461 7465 7320 7375 6363 e validates succ\n+0003cbe0: 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 essfully.. I\n+0003cbf0: 6620 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 2066 6169 f validation fai\n+0003cc00: 6c73 2c20 6974 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f ls, it is set to\n+0003cc10: 2061 206e 6f6e 2d7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 a non-zero valu\n+0003cc20: 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 670a e. *Note Using.\n+0003cc30: 2020 2020 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 digital sig\n+0003cc40: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d natures::, for m\n+0003cc50: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore information.\n+0003cc60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003cc70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7669 6465 nfo, Node: vide\n+0003cc80: 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7772 oinfo, Next: wr\n+0003cc90: 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7665 7269 msr, Prev: veri\n+0003cca0: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 5570 fy_detached, Up\n+0003ccb0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0003ccc0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3739 ommands..17.4.79\n+0003ccd0: 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d videoinfo.-----\n+0003cce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003ccf0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2076 6964 656f - Command: video\n+0003cd00: 696e 666f 205b 5b57 7848 5d78 445d 0a20 info [[WxH]xD]. \n+0003cd10: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 List availab\n+0003cd20: 6c65 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 le video modes. \n+0003cd30: 2049 6620 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 If resolution i\n+0003cd40: 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 686f 7720 6f6e s given, show on\n+0003cd50: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 ly. matching\n+0003cd60: 206d 6f64 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a modes.....File:\n+0003cd70: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003cd80: 653a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a e: wrmsr, Prev:\n+0003cd90: 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 2055 703a videoinfo, Up:\n+0003cda0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0003cdb0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 3020 mmands..17.4.80 \n+0003cdc0: 7772 6d73 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d wrmsr.----------\n+0003cdd0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003cde0: 3a3a 2077 726d 7372 2030 7841 4444 5220 :: wrmsr 0xADDR \n+0003cdf0: 3078 5641 4c55 450a 2020 2020 2057 7269 0xVALUE. Wri\n+0003ce00: 7465 2061 2030 7856 414c 5545 2074 6f20 te a 0xVALUE to \n+0003ce10: 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 a model-specific\n+0003ce20: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 register at add\n+0003ce30: 7265 7373 2030 7841 4444 522e 0a0a 2020 ress 0xADDR... \n+0003ce40: 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 Please note t\n+0003ce50: 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 hat on SMP syste\n+0003ce60: 6d73 2c20 7772 6974 696e 6720 746f 2061 ms, writing to a\n+0003ce70: 204d 5352 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 6120 MSR that has a \n+0003ce80: 7363 6f70 650a 2020 2020 2070 6572 2068 scope. per h\n+0003ce90: 6172 6477 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 ardware thread, \n+0003cea0: 696d 706c 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 implies that the\n+0003ceb0: 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2077 value that is w\n+0003cec0: 7269 7474 656e 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 ritten only. \n+0003ced0: 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 applies to the \n+0003cee0: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2063 7075 2f63 particular cpu/c\n+0003cef0: 6f72 652f 7468 7265 6164 2074 6861 7420 ore/thread that \n+0003cf00: 7275 6e73 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 runs the command\n+0003cf10: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 ... Also, if\n+0003cf20: 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 you specify a r\n+0003cf30: 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 eserved or unimp\n+0003cf40: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 lemented MSR add\n+0003cf50: 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 ress, it. wi\n+0003cf60: 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 ll cause a gener\n+0003cf70: 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 al protection ex\n+0003cf80: 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 ception (which i\n+0003cf90: 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a s not currently.\n+0003cfa0: 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c being handl\n+0003cfb0: 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 ed) and the syst\n+0003cfc0: 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a em will reboot..\n+0003cfd0: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 . Note: The \n+0003cfe0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 command is not a\n+0003cff0: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b llowed when lock\n+0003d000: 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 down is enforced\n+0003d010: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 (*note. Loc\n+0003d020: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 kdown::). This \n+0003d030: 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 is done to preve\n+0003d040: 6e74 2073 7562 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 nt subverting va\n+0003d050: 7269 6f75 7320 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 rious security. \n+0003d060: 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a mechanisms..\n+0003d070: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003d080: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 776f fo, Node: Netwo\n+0003d090: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 rking commands, \n+0003d0a0: 204e 6578 743a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e Next: Undocumen\n+0003d0b0: 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 ted commands, P\n+0003d0c0: 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e rev: Command-lin\n+0003d0d0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a e commands, Up:\n+0003d0e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3520 Commands..17.5 \n+0003d0f0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003d100: 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nds.============\n+0003d110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 2a20 ============..* \n+0003d120: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 Menu:..* net_add\n+0003d130: 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _addr:: \n+0003d140: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2061 206e 6574 Add a net\n+0003d150: 776f 726b 2061 6464 7265 7373 0a2a 206e work address.* n\n+0003d160: 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 et_add_dns:: \n+0003d170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 Add\n+0003d180: 2061 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 720a 2a20 a DNS server.* \n+0003d190: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 653a 3a20 net_add_route:: \n+0003d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 Ad\n+0003d1b0: 6420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 790a d routing entry.\n+0003d1c0: 2a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 703a 3a20 2020 * net_bootp:: \n+0003d1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003d1e0: 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 626f 6f74 702f Perform a bootp/\n+0003d1f0: 4448 4350 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 DHCP autoconfigu\n+0003d200: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c ration.* net_del\n+0003d210: 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _addr:: \n+0003d220: 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 4950 Remove IP\n+0003d230: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2066 726f 6d20 696e address from in\n+0003d240: 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 terface.* net_de\n+0003d250: 6c5f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_dns:: \n+0003d260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 Remove a\n+0003d270: 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 720a 2a20 6e65 DNS server.* ne\n+0003d280: 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 3a20 2020 t_del_route:: \n+0003d290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f Remo\n+0003d2a0: 7665 2061 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 ve a route entry\n+0003d2b0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 3a20 2020 .* net_dhcp:: \n+0003d2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003d2d0: 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 4843 5020 Perform a DHCP \n+0003d2e0: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f autoconfiguratio\n+0003d2f0: 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 n.* net_get_dhcp\n+0003d300: 5f6f 7074 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 _option:: \n+0003d310: 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2044 4843 5020 Retrieve DHCP \n+0003d320: 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6970 options.* net_ip\n+0003d330: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 663a 3a20 2020 v6_autoconf:: \n+0003d340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 Perform \n+0003d350: 4950 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 IPv6 autoconfigu\n+0003d360: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f ration.* net_ls_\n+0003d370: 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 addr:: \n+0003d380: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 696e 7465 List inte\n+0003d390: 7266 6163 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f rfaces.* net_ls_\n+0003d3a0: 6361 7264 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cards:: \n+0003d3b0: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6e65 7477 List netw\n+0003d3c0: 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 730a 2a20 6e65 745f ork cards.* net_\n+0003d3d0: 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls_dns:: \n+0003d3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2044 List D\n+0003d3f0: 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 0a2a 206e 6574 NS servers.* net\n+0003d400: 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 _ls_routes:: \n+0003d410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 List \n+0003d420: 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 6965 730a routing entries.\n+0003d430: 2a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 3a3a * net_nslookup::\n+0003d440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003d450: 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 444e 5320 6c6f Perform a DNS lo\n+0003d460: 6f6b 7570 0a2a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 okup.* net_set_v\n+0003d470: 6c61 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lan:: \n+0003d480: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 Set vlan id\n+0003d490: 206f 6e20 616e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 on an interface\n+0003d4a0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003d4b0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+0003d4c0: 6164 645f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a add_addr, Next:\n+0003d4d0: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 net_add_dns, U\n+0003d4e0: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n+0003d4f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 206e mmands..17.5.1 n\n+0003d500: 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d et_add_addr.----\n+0003d510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003d520: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003d530: 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 2049 4e54 4552 t_add_addr INTER\n+0003d540: 4641 4345 2043 4152 4420 4144 4452 4553 FACE CARD ADDRES\n+0003d550: 530a 2020 2020 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 S. Configure\n+0003d560: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6e65 7477 additional netw\n+0003d570: 6f72 6b20 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 7769 ork INTERFACE wi\n+0003d580: 7468 2041 4444 5245 5353 206f 6e20 6120 th ADDRESS on a \n+0003d590: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2043 4152 network. CAR\n+0003d5a0: 442e 2020 4144 4452 4553 5320 6361 6e20 D. ADDRESS can \n+0003d5b0: 6265 2065 6974 6865 7220 4950 2069 6e20 be either IP in \n+0003d5c0: 646f 7474 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 206e dotted decimal n\n+0003d5d0: 6f74 6174 696f 6e2c 206f 720a 2020 2020 otation, or. \n+0003d5e0: 2073 796d 626f 6c69 6320 6e61 6d65 2077 symbolic name w\n+0003d5f0: 6869 6368 2069 7320 7265 736f 6c76 6564 hich is resolved\n+0003d600: 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 using DNS looku\n+0003d610: 702e 2020 4966 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 p. If successfu\n+0003d620: 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6973 2063 6f6d l,. this com\n+0003d630: 6d61 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6164 6473 206c mand also adds l\n+0003d640: 6f63 616c 206c 696e 6b20 726f 7574 696e ocal link routin\n+0003d650: 6720 656e 7472 7920 746f 2074 6865 2064 g entry to the d\n+0003d660: 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 7375 626e efault. subn\n+0003d670: 6574 206f 6620 4144 4452 4553 5320 7769 et of ADDRESS wi\n+0003d680: 7468 206e 616d 6520 494e 5445 5246 4143 th name INTERFAC\n+0003d690: 45e2 8098 3a6c 6f63 616c e280 9920 7669 E...:local... vi\n+0003d6a0: 6120 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e 0a0a 1f0a a INTERFACE.....\n+0003d6b0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003d6c0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f Node: net_add_\n+0003d6d0: 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f dns, Next: net_\n+0003d6e0: 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5072 6576 add_route, Prev\n+0003d6f0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 2c20 : net_add_addr, \n+0003d700: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n+0003d710: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e32 commands..17.5.2\n+0003d720: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d net_add_dns.---\n+0003d730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003d740: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003d750: 745f 6164 645f 646e 7320 5345 5256 4552 t_add_dns SERVER\n+0003d760: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 736f 6c76 6520 5345 . Resolve SE\n+0003d770: 5256 4552 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 RVER IP address \n+0003d780: 616e 6420 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 206c and add to the l\n+0003d790: 6973 7420 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 ist of DNS serve\n+0003d7a0: 7273 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2064 7572 rs used. dur\n+0003d7b0: 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e ing name lookup.\n+0003d7c0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003d7d0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+0003d7e0: 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 4e65 7874 add_route, Next\n+0003d7f0: 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 5072 : net_bootp, Pr\n+0003d800: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c ev: net_add_dns,\n+0003d810: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n+0003d820: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n+0003d830: 3320 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 650a 3 net_add_route.\n 0003d840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003d850: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-0003d860: 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 484f et_add_route SHO\n-0003d870: 5254 4e41 4d45 2049 505b 2f50 5245 4649 RTNAME IP[/PREFI\n-0003d880: 585d 205b 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 7c20 X] [INTERFACE | \n-0003d890: 6777 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 4154 gw. GAT\n-0003d8a0: 4557 4159 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 2072 EWAY]. Add r\n-0003d8b0: 6f75 7465 2074 6f20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 oute to network \n-0003d8c0: 7769 7468 2061 6464 7265 7373 2049 5020 with address IP \n-0003d8d0: 6173 206d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 6279 2050 as modified by P\n-0003d8e0: 5245 4649 5820 7669 610a 2020 2020 2065 REFIX via. e\n-0003d8f0: 6974 6865 7220 6c6f 6361 6c20 494e 5445 ither local INTE\n-0003d900: 5246 4143 4520 6f72 2047 4154 4557 4159 RFACE or GATEWAY\n-0003d910: 2e20 2050 5245 4649 5820 6973 206f 7074 . PREFIX is opt\n-0003d920: 696f 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 6465 6661 756c ional and defaul\n-0003d930: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2033 3220 666f ts. to 32 fo\n-0003d940: 7220 4950 7634 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 r IPv4 address a\n-0003d950: 6e64 2031 3238 2066 6f72 2049 5076 3620 nd 128 for IPv6 \n-0003d960: 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 526f 7574 6520 address. Route \n-0003d970: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 6669 is. identifi\n-0003d980: 6564 2062 7920 5348 4f52 544e 414d 4520 ed by SHORTNAME \n-0003d990: 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 which can be use\n-0003d9a0: 6420 746f 2072 656d 6f76 6520 6974 2028 d to remove it (\n-0003d9b0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 *note. net_d\n-0003d9c0: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a el_route::).....\n-0003d9d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003d9e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 Node: net_boot\n-0003d9f0: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 p, Next: net_de\n-0003da00: 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e l_addr, Prev: n\n-0003da10: 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2055 et_add_route, U\n-0003da20: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n-0003da30: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e34 206e mmands..17.5.4 n\n-0003da40: 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d et_bootp.-------\n-0003da50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003da60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 ommand: net_boot\n-0003da70: 7020 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 416c p [CARD]. Al\n-0003da80: 6961 7320 666f 7220 6e65 745f 6468 6370 ias for net_dhcp\n-0003da90: 2c20 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c , for compatibil\n-0003daa0: 6974 7920 7769 7468 206f 6c64 6572 2047 ity with older G\n-0003dab0: 7275 6220 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2e0a 2020 rub versions.. \n-0003dac0: 2020 2057 696c 6c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 Will perform \n-0003dad0: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2044 4843 5020 6861 the same DHCP ha\n-0003dae0: 6e64 7368 616b 6520 7769 7468 2070 6f74 ndshake with pot\n-0003daf0: 656e 7469 616c 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 ential fallback \n-0003db00: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 424f 4f54 5020 6173 to. BOOTP as\n-0003db10: 2074 6865 206e 6574 5f64 6863 7020 636f the net_dhcp co\n-0003db20: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 mmand (*note net\n-0003db30: 5f64 6863 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c _dhcp::).....Fil\n-0003db40: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003db50: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 ode: net_del_add\n-0003db60: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 r, Next: net_de\n-0003db70: 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 l_dns, Prev: ne\n-0003db80: 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 t_bootp, Up: Ne\n-0003db90: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003dba0: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3520 6e65 745f 6465 s..17.5.5 net_de\n-0003dbb0: 6c5f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l_addr.---------\n-0003dbc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003dbd0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 656c Command: net_del\n-0003dbe0: 5f61 6464 7220 494e 5445 5246 4143 450a _addr INTERFACE.\n-0003dbf0: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 636f 6e66 Remove conf\n-0003dc00: 6967 7572 6564 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 igured INTERFACE\n-0003dc10: 2077 6974 6820 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 with associated\n-0003dc20: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c address.....Fil\n-0003dc30: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003dc40: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 ode: net_del_dns\n-0003dc50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c , Next: net_del\n-0003dc60: 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e _route, Prev: n\n-0003dc70: 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5570 et_del_addr, Up\n-0003dc80: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-0003dc90: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3620 6e65 mands..17.5.6 ne\n-0003dca0: 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_del_dns.------\n-0003dcb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003dcc0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 - Command: net_d\n-0003dcd0: 656c 5f64 6e73 2041 4444 5245 5353 0a20 el_dns ADDRESS. \n-0003dce0: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2041 4444 5245 Remove ADDRE\n-0003dcf0: 5353 2066 726f 6d20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 SS from list of \n-0003dd00: 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 2064 7572 servers used dur\n-0003dd10: 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e ing name lookup.\n-0003dd20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003dd30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-0003dd40: 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 4e65 7874 del_route, Next\n-0003dd50: 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 2050 7265 : net_dhcp, Pre\n-0003dd60: 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 v: net_del_dns, \n-0003dd70: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n-0003dd80: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e37 commands..17.5.7\n-0003dd90: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 0a2d net_del_route.-\n-0003dda0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003ddb0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003ddc0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 6520 : net_del_route \n-0003ddd0: 5348 4f52 544e 414d 450a 2020 2020 2052 SHORTNAME. R\n-0003dde0: 656d 6f76 6520 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 emove route entr\n-0003ddf0: 7920 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 y identified by \n-0003de00: 5348 4f52 544e 414d 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 SHORTNAME.....Fi\n-0003de10: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003de20: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 Node: net_dhcp, \n-0003de30: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 Next: net_get_d\n-0003de40: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 hcp_option, Pre\n-0003de50: 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 v: net_del_route\n-0003de60: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n-0003de70: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n-0003de80: 2e38 206e 6574 5f64 6863 700a 2d2d 2d2d .8 net_dhcp.----\n-0003de90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003dea0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 Command: net_dh\n-0003deb0: 6370 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 2050 cp [CARD]. P\n-0003dec0: 6572 666f 726d 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 erform configura\n-0003ded0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 4341 5244 2075 7369 tion of CARD usi\n-0003dee0: 6e67 2044 4843 5020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c ng DHCP protocol\n-0003def0: 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6172 6420 6e61 . If no card na\n-0003df00: 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2073 7065 6369 me. is speci\n-0003df10: 6669 6564 2c20 7472 7920 746f 2063 6f6e fied, try to con\n-0003df20: 6669 6775 7265 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 7374 figure all exist\n-0003df30: 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e 2020 4661 6c6c ing cards. Fall\n-0003df40: 7320 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 s back to. t\n-0003df50: 6865 2042 4f4f 5450 2070 726f 746f 636f he BOOTP protoco\n-0003df60: 6c2c 2069 6620 6e65 6564 6564 2e20 2049 l, if needed. I\n-0003df70: 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 f configuration \n-0003df80: 7761 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2c0a was successful,.\n-0003df90: 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2077 interface w\n-0003dfa0: 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 8098 ith name CARD...\n-0003dfb0: 3a64 6863 70e2 8099 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e :dhcp... and con\n-0003dfc0: 6669 6775 7265 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 figured address \n-0003dfd0: 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 is added to. \n-0003dfe0: 2043 4152 442e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e CARD. Addition\n-0003dff0: 616c 6c79 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 ally the followi\n-0003e000: 6e67 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 ng DHCP options \n-0003e010: 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 697a 6564 2061 are recognized a\n-0003e020: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f63 6573 7365 nd. processe\n-0003e030: 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3120 2853 d:.. ...1 (S\n-0003e040: 7562 6e65 7420 4d61 736b 29e2 8099 0a20 ubnet Mask).... \n-0003e050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 7365 6420 746f Used to\n-0003e060: 2063 616c 6375 6c61 7465 206e 6574 776f calculate netwo\n-0003e070: 726b 206c 6f63 616c 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 rk local routing\n-0003e080: 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2069 6e74 6572 entry for inter\n-0003e090: 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 face. C\n-0003e0a0: 4152 44e2 8098 3a64 6863 70e2 8099 2e0a ARD...:dhcp.....\n-0003e0b0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3320 2852 6f75 7465 ...3 (Route\n-0003e0c0: 7229 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r).... \n-0003e0d0: 4164 6473 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2072 6f75 Adds default rou\n-0003e0e0: 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2077 6974 6820 7468 te entry with th\n-0003e0f0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 8098 3a64 e name CARD...:d\n-0003e100: 6863 703a 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2076 hcp:default... v\n-0003e110: 6961 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6174 ia. gat\n-0003e120: 6577 6179 2066 726f 6d20 4448 4350 206f eway from DHCP o\n-0003e130: 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 ption. Note tha\n-0003e140: 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 t only option wi\n-0003e150: 7468 2073 696e 676c 650a 2020 2020 2020 th single. \n-0003e160: 2020 2020 726f 7574 6520 6973 2061 6363 route is acc\n-0003e170: 6570 7465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 epted.. ...6\n-0003e180: 2028 446f 6d61 696e 204e 616d 6520 5365 (Domain Name Se\n-0003e190: 7276 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 rver).... \n-0003e1a0: 2020 2041 6464 7320 616c 6c20 7365 7276 Adds all serv\n-0003e1b0: 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ers from option \n-0003e1c0: 7661 6c75 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 value to the lis\n-0003e1d0: 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 t of servers use\n-0003e1e0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6475 7269 d. duri\n-0003e1f0: 6e67 206e 616d 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 ng name resoluti\n-0003e200: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3132 2028 on.. ...12 (\n-0003e210: 486f 7374 204e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 Host Name).... \n-0003e220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 Sets env\n-0003e230: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0003e240: 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 e ...net_......_dhcp_hostn\n-0003e260: 616d 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ame... (*note. \n-0003e270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 net__hostname\n-0003e290: 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ::) to the value\n-0003e2a0: 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 of option.. \n-0003e2b0: 20e2 8098 3135 2028 446f 6d61 696e 204e ...15 (Domain N\n-0003e2c0: 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame).... \n-0003e2d0: 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Sets environme\n-0003e2e0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e nt variable ...n\n-0003e2f0: 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f et_......_\n-0003e300: 6468 6370 5f64 6f6d 6169 6ee2 8099 2028 dhcp_domain... (\n-0003e310: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 *note. \n-0003e320: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-0003e330: 646f 6d61 696e 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 domain::) to the\n-0003e340: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e value of option\n-0003e350: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3137 2028 526f .. ...17 (Ro\n-0003e360: 6f74 2050 6174 6829 e280 990a 2020 2020 ot Path).... \n-0003e370: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 Sets envir\n-0003e380: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-0003e390: e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e ...net_...\n-0003e3a0: e280 985f 6468 6370 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 ..._dhcp_rootpat\n-0003e3b0: 68e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 h... (*note. \n-0003e3c0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 net__rootpath::\n-0003e3e0: 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f ) to the value o\n-0003e3f0: 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 f option.. .\n-0003e400: 8098 3138 2028 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 ..18 (Extensions\n-0003e410: 2050 6174 6829 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 Path).... \n-0003e420: 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Sets environ\n-0003e430: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 ment variable ..\n-0003e440: 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 .net_.....\n-0003e450: 985f 6468 6370 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e ._dhcp_extension\n-0003e460: 7370 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 spath.... \n-0003e470: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 3c49 (*note net__extens\n-0003e490: 696f 6e73 7061 7468 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 ionspath::) to t\n-0003e4a0: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 he value of. \n-0003e4b0: 2020 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 option.. \n-0003e4c0: 2020 20e2 8098 3636 2028 5446 5450 2053 ...66 (TFTP S\n-0003e4d0: 6572 7665 7220 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 erver Name).... \n-0003e4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e Sets en\n-0003e4f0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0003e500: 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 le ...net_......_dhcp_serv\n-0003e520: 6572 5f6e 616d 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 er_name.... \n-0003e530: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f (*note net_\n-0003e540: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 6370 _dhcp\n-0003e550: 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 3a3a 2920 _server_name::) \n-0003e560: 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a to the value of.\n-0003e570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e option\n-0003e580: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3637 2028 4669 .. ...67 (Fi\n-0003e590: 6c65 6e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 lename).... \n-0003e5a0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f Sets enviro\n-0003e5b0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n-0003e5c0: 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 ..net_....\n-0003e5d0: 8098 5f62 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 e280 9920 .._boot_file... \n-0003e5e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 (*note. \n-0003e5f0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-0003e600: 5f62 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 3a3a 2920 746f _boot_file::) to\n-0003e610: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 the value of op\n-0003e620: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-0003e630: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003e640: 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 net_get_dhcp_op\n-0003e650: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 tion, Next: net\n-0003e660: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 _ipv6_autoconf, \n-0003e670: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c Prev: net_dhcp,\n-0003e680: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n-0003e690: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n-0003e6a0: 3920 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 9 net_get_dhcp_o\n-0003e6b0: 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ption.----------\n+0003d850: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003d860: 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 d: net_add_route\n+0003d870: 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2049 505b 2f50 SHORTNAME IP[/P\n+0003d880: 5245 4649 585d 205b 494e 5445 5246 4143 REFIX] [INTERFAC\n+0003d890: 4520 7c20 6777 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 E | gw. \n+0003d8a0: 2047 4154 4557 4159 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 GATEWAY]. A\n+0003d8b0: 6464 2072 6f75 7465 2074 6f20 6e65 7477 dd route to netw\n+0003d8c0: 6f72 6b20 7769 7468 2061 6464 7265 7373 ork with address\n+0003d8d0: 2049 5020 6173 206d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 IP as modified \n+0003d8e0: 6279 2050 5245 4649 5820 7669 610a 2020 by PREFIX via. \n+0003d8f0: 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 6c6f 6361 6c20 either local \n+0003d900: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 6f72 2047 4154 INTERFACE or GAT\n+0003d910: 4557 4159 2e20 2050 5245 4649 5820 6973 EWAY. PREFIX is\n+0003d920: 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 6465 optional and de\n+0003d930: 6661 756c 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2033 faults. to 3\n+0003d940: 3220 666f 7220 4950 7634 2061 6464 7265 2 for IPv4 addre\n+0003d950: 7373 2061 6e64 2031 3238 2066 6f72 2049 ss and 128 for I\n+0003d960: 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 526f Pv6 address. Ro\n+0003d970: 7574 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6964 656e ute is. iden\n+0003d980: 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 5348 4f52 544e tified by SHORTN\n+0003d990: 414d 4520 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 AME which can be\n+0003d9a0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2072 656d 6f76 6520 used to remove \n+0003d9b0: 6974 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206e it (*note. n\n+0003d9c0: 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 292e et_del_route::).\n+0003d9d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003d9e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+0003d9f0: 626f 6f74 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 bootp, Next: ne\n+0003da00: 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 2050 7265 t_del_addr, Pre\n+0003da10: 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 v: net_add_route\n+0003da20: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n+0003da30: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n+0003da40: 2e34 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 0a2d 2d2d .4 net_bootp.---\n+0003da50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003da60: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n+0003da70: 626f 6f74 7020 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 bootp [CARD]. \n+0003da80: 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 6e65 745f Alias for net_\n+0003da90: 6468 6370 2c20 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 dhcp, for compat\n+0003daa0: 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 206f 6c64 ibility with old\n+0003dab0: 6572 2047 7275 6220 7665 7273 696f 6e73 er Grub versions\n+0003dac0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2057 696c 6c20 7065 7266 .. Will perf\n+0003dad0: 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2044 4843 orm the same DHC\n+0003dae0: 5020 6861 6e64 7368 616b 6520 7769 7468 P handshake with\n+0003daf0: 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 2066 616c 6c62 potential fallb\n+0003db00: 6163 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 424f 4f54 ack to. BOOT\n+0003db10: 5020 6173 2074 6865 206e 6574 5f64 6863 P as the net_dhc\n+0003db20: 7020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 p command (*note\n+0003db30: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f net_dhcp::)....\n+0003db40: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003db50: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c , Node: net_del\n+0003db60: 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 _addr, Next: ne\n+0003db70: 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5072 6576 t_del_dns, Prev\n+0003db80: 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 5570 : net_bootp, Up\n+0003db90: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n+0003dba0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3520 6e65 mands..17.5.5 ne\n+0003dbb0: 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d t_del_addr.-----\n+0003dbc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0003dbd0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n+0003dbe0: 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 7220 494e 5445 5246 _del_addr INTERF\n+0003dbf0: 4143 450a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 ACE. Remove \n+0003dc00: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2049 4e54 4552 configured INTER\n+0003dc10: 4641 4345 2077 6974 6820 6173 736f 6369 FACE with associ\n+0003dc20: 6174 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f ated address....\n+0003dc30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003dc40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c , Node: net_del\n+0003dc50: 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 _dns, Next: net\n+0003dc60: 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 7265 _del_route, Pre\n+0003dc70: 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c v: net_del_addr,\n+0003dc80: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n+0003dc90: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n+0003dca0: 3620 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 730a 2d2d 6 net_del_dns.--\n+0003dcb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003dcc0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n+0003dcd0: 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2041 4444 5245 et_del_dns ADDRE\n+0003dce0: 5353 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2041 SS. Remove A\n+0003dcf0: 4444 5245 5353 2066 726f 6d20 6c69 7374 DDRESS from list\n+0003dd00: 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 of servers used\n+0003dd10: 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f during name loo\n+0003dd20: 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 kup.....File: gr\n+0003dd30: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003dd40: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 net_del_route, \n+0003dd50: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 Next: net_dhcp, \n+0003dd60: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 Prev: net_del_d\n+0003dd70: 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b ns, Up: Network\n+0003dd80: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n+0003dd90: 2e35 2e37 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 .5.7 net_del_rou\n+0003dda0: 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d te.-------------\n+0003ddb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003ddc0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f mand: net_del_ro\n+0003ddd0: 7574 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d 450a 2020 ute SHORTNAME. \n+0003dde0: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 726f 7574 6520 Remove route \n+0003ddf0: 656e 7472 7920 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 entry identified\n+0003de00: 2062 7920 5348 4f52 544e 414d 452e 0a0a by SHORTNAME...\n+0003de10: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003de20: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 o, Node: net_dh\n+0003de30: 6370 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f67 cp, Next: net_g\n+0003de40: 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 et_dhcp_option, \n+0003de50: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 Prev: net_del_r\n+0003de60: 6f75 7465 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f oute, Up: Netwo\n+0003de70: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n+0003de80: 3137 2e35 2e38 206e 6574 5f64 6863 700a 17.5.8 net_dhcp.\n+0003de90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003dea0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003deb0: 745f 6468 6370 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 t_dhcp [CARD]. \n+0003dec0: 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2063 6f6e 6669 Perform confi\n+0003ded0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 4341 5244 guration of CARD\n+0003dee0: 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4843 5020 7072 6f74 using DHCP prot\n+0003def0: 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6172 ocol. If no car\n+0003df00: 6420 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2073 d name. is s\n+0003df10: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7472 7920 746f pecified, try to\n+0003df20: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 6c6c 2065 configure all e\n+0003df30: 7869 7374 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e 2020 xisting cards. \n+0003df40: 4661 6c6c 7320 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 Falls back to. \n+0003df50: 2020 2074 6865 2042 4f4f 5450 2070 726f the BOOTP pro\n+0003df60: 746f 636f 6c2c 2069 6620 6e65 6564 6564 tocol, if needed\n+0003df70: 2e20 2049 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . If configurat\n+0003df80: 696f 6e20 7761 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 ion was successf\n+0003df90: 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ul,. interfa\n+0003dfa0: 6365 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 ce with name CAR\n+0003dfb0: 44e2 8098 3a64 6863 70e2 8099 2061 6e64 D...:dhcp... and\n+0003dfc0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 6164 6472 configured addr\n+0003dfd0: 6573 7320 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f0a ess is added to.\n+0003dfe0: 2020 2020 2043 4152 442e 2020 4164 6469 CARD. Addi\n+0003dff0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2074 6865 2066 6f6c tionally the fol\n+0003e000: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 lowing DHCP opti\n+0003e010: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 697a ons are recogniz\n+0003e020: 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f63 ed and. proc\n+0003e030: 6573 7365 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 essed:.. ...\n+0003e040: 3120 2853 7562 6e65 7420 4d61 736b 29e2 1 (Subnet Mask).\n+0003e050: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 7365 ... Use\n+0003e060: 6420 746f 2063 616c 6375 6c61 7465 206e d to calculate n\n+0003e070: 6574 776f 726b 206c 6f63 616c 2072 6f75 etwork local rou\n+0003e080: 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2069 ting entry for i\n+0003e090: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 nterface. \n+0003e0a0: 2020 2043 4152 44e2 8098 3a64 6863 70e2 CARD...:dhcp.\n+0003e0b0: 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3320 2852 .... ...3 (R\n+0003e0c0: 6f75 7465 7229 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 outer).... \n+0003e0d0: 2020 2020 4164 6473 2064 6566 6175 6c74 Adds default\n+0003e0e0: 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2077 6974 route entry wit\n+0003e0f0: 6820 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 h the name CARD.\n+0003e100: 8098 3a64 6863 703a 6465 6661 756c 74e2 ..:dhcp:default.\n+0003e110: 8099 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. via. \n+0003e120: 2067 6174 6577 6179 2066 726f 6d20 4448 gateway from DH\n+0003e130: 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 4e6f 7465 CP option. Note\n+0003e140: 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 7074 696f that only optio\n+0003e150: 6e20 7769 7468 2073 696e 676c 650a 2020 n with single. \n+0003e160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 726f 7574 6520 6973 route is\n+0003e170: 2061 6363 6570 7465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 accepted.. \n+0003e180: e280 9836 2028 446f 6d61 696e 204e 616d ...6 (Domain Nam\n+0003e190: 6520 5365 7276 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 e Server).... \n+0003e1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 7320 616c 6c20 Adds all \n+0003e1b0: 7365 7276 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 206f 7074 servers from opt\n+0003e1c0: 696f 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 746f 2074 6865 ion value to the\n+0003e1d0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 list of servers\n+0003e1e0: 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 used. \n+0003e1f0: 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 7265 736f during name reso\n+0003e200: 6c75 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 lution.. ...\n+0003e210: 3132 2028 486f 7374 204e 616d 6529 e280 12 (Host Name)..\n+0003e220: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 .. Sets\n+0003e230: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+0003e240: 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 iable ...net_...\n+0003e250: 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 6468 6370 5f68 ..._dhcp_h\n+0003e260: 6f73 746e 616d 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ostname... (*not\n+0003e270: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f e. net_\n+0003e280: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f 7374 _host\n+0003e290: 6e61 6d65 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 name::) to the v\n+0003e2a0: 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a alue of option..\n+0003e2b0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3135 2028 446f 6d61 ...15 (Doma\n+0003e2c0: 696e 204e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 in Name).... \n+0003e2d0: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 Sets envir\n+0003e2e0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+0003e2f0: e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e ...net_...\n+0003e300: e280 985f 6468 6370 5f64 6f6d 6169 6ee2 ..._dhcp_domain.\n+0003e310: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 .. (*note. \n+0003e320: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 net__domain::) to\n+0003e340: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 the value of op\n+0003e350: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3137 tion.. ...17\n+0003e360: 2028 526f 6f74 2050 6174 6829 e280 990a (Root Path)....\n+0003e370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 Sets e\n+0003e380: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0003e390: 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 ble ...net_......_dhcp_roo\n+0003e3b0: 7470 6174 68e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a tpath... (*note.\n+0003e3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 net__rootpa\n+0003e3e0: 7468 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c th::) to the val\n+0003e3f0: 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 ue of option.. \n+0003e400: 2020 20e2 8098 3138 2028 4578 7465 6e73 ...18 (Extens\n+0003e410: 696f 6e73 2050 6174 6829 e280 990a 2020 ions Path).... \n+0003e420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 Sets env\n+0003e430: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+0003e440: 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 e ...net_......_dhcp_exten\n+0003e460: 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 sionspath.... \n+0003e470: 2020 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 (*note ne\n+0003e480: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 t__ex\n+0003e490: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 3a3a 2920 tensionspath::) \n+0003e4a0: 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a to the value of.\n+0003e4b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e option\n+0003e4c0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3636 2028 5446 .. ...66 (TF\n+0003e4d0: 5450 2053 6572 7665 7220 4e61 6d65 29e2 TP Server Name).\n+0003e4e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 ... Set\n+0003e4f0: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s environment va\n+0003e500: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 riable ...net_..\n+0003e510: 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f ...._dhcp_\n+0003e520: 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 65e2 8099 0a20 server_name.... \n+0003e530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 (*note \n+0003e540: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+0003e550: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n+0003e560: 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ::) to the value\n+0003e570: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6f70 of. op\n+0003e580: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3637 tion.. ...67\n+0003e590: 2028 4669 6c65 6e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 (Filename).... \n+0003e5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e Sets en\n+0003e5b0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+0003e5c0: 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 le ...net_......_boot_file\n+0003e5e0: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ... (*note. \n+0003e5f0: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 net__boot_file::\n+0003e610: 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f ) to the value o\n+0003e620: 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c f option.....Fil\n+0003e630: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003e640: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 ode: net_get_dhc\n+0003e650: 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a p_option, Next:\n+0003e660: 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f net_ipv6_autoco\n+0003e670: 6e66 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 nf, Prev: net_d\n+0003e680: 6863 702c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 hcp, Up: Networ\n+0003e690: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n+0003e6a0: 372e 352e 3920 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 7.5.9 net_get_dh\n+0003e6b0: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cp_option.------\n 0003e6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e6d0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-0003e6e0: 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 et_get_dhcp_opti\n-0003e6f0: 6f6e 2056 4152 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 on VAR INTERFACE\n-0003e700: 204e 554d 4245 5220 5459 5045 0a20 2020 NUMBER TYPE. \n-0003e710: 2020 5265 7175 6573 7420 4448 4350 206f Request DHCP o\n-0003e720: 7074 696f 6e20 4e55 4d42 4552 206f 6620 ption NUMBER of \n-0003e730: 5459 5045 2076 6961 2049 4e54 4552 4641 TYPE via INTERFA\n-0003e740: 4345 2e20 2054 5950 4520 6361 6e20 6265 CE. TYPE can be\n-0003e750: 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 one. of ...\n-0003e760: 7374 7269 6e67 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6e75 string..., ...nu\n-0003e770: 6d62 6572 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6865 mber... or ...he\n-0003e780: 78e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e x.... If option\n-0003e790: 2069 7320 666f 756e 642c 2061 7373 6967 is found, assig\n-0003e7a0: 6e20 6974 730a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 n its. value\n-0003e7b0: 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 to variable VAR\n-0003e7c0: 2e20 2056 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 7970 . Values of typ\n-0003e7d0: 6573 20e2 8098 6e75 6d62 6572 e280 9920 es ...number... \n-0003e7e0: 616e 6420 e280 9868 6578 e280 9920 6172 and ...hex... ar\n-0003e7f0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 6564 e. converted\n-0003e800: 2074 6f20 7374 7269 6e67 2072 6570 7265 to string repre\n-0003e810: 7365 6e74 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 sentation.....Fi\n-0003e820: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003e830: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 Node: net_ipv6_a\n-0003e840: 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 utoconf, Next: \n-0003e850: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5072 net_ls_addr, Pr\n-0003e860: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 ev: net_get_dhcp\n-0003e870: 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 _option, Up: Ne\n-0003e880: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003e890: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3130 206e 6574 5f69 s..17.5.10 net_i\n-0003e8a0: 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 0a2d 2d2d pv6_autoconf.---\n-0003e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003e8d0: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 and: net_ipv6_au\n-0003e8e0: 746f 636f 6e66 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 toconf [CARD]. \n-0003e8f0: 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 5076 3620 Perform IPv6 \n-0003e900: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f autoconfiguratio\n-0003e910: 6e20 6279 2061 6464 696e 6720 746f 2074 n by adding to t\n-0003e920: 6865 2043 4152 4420 696e 7465 7266 6163 he CARD interfac\n-0003e930: 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 e with. name\n-0003e940: 2043 4152 44e2 8098 3a6c 696e 6be2 8099 CARD...:link...\n-0003e950: 2061 6e64 206c 696e 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 and link local \n-0003e960: 4d41 432d 6261 7365 6420 6164 6472 6573 MAC-based addres\n-0003e970: 732e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 2069 s. If no card i\n-0003e980: 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 s. specified\n-0003e990: 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 6175 746f 636f , perform autoco\n-0003e9a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 nfiguration for \n-0003e9b0: 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 all existing car\n-0003e9c0: 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ds.....File: gru\n-0003e9d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-0003e9e0: 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 et_ls_addr, Nex\n-0003e9f0: 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c t: net_ls_cards,\n-0003ea00: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 Prev: net_ipv6\n-0003ea10: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5570 3a20 _autoconf, Up: \n-0003ea20: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-0003ea30: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3131 206e 6574 nds..17.5.11 net\n-0003ea40: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _ls_addr.-------\n-0003ea50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003ea60: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c - Command: net_l\n-0003ea70: 735f 6164 6472 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 s_addr. List\n-0003ea80: 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 all configured \n-0003ea90: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6573 2077 6974 6820 interfaces with \n-0003eaa0: 7468 6569 7220 4d41 4320 616e 6420 4950 their MAC and IP\n-0003eab0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 addresses.....F\n-0003eac0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003ead0: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 Node: net_ls_ca\n-0003eae0: 7264 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f rds, Next: net_\n-0003eaf0: 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e ls_dns, Prev: n\n-0003eb00: 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a et_ls_addr, Up:\n-0003eb10: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-0003eb20: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3220 6e65 ands..17.5.12 ne\n-0003eb30: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d t_ls_cards.-----\n-0003eb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0003eb50: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n-0003eb60: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a20 2020 2020 t_ls_cards. \n-0003eb70: 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2064 6574 6563 7465 List all detecte\n-0003eb80: 6420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 7320 d network cards \n-0003eb90: 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 2061 with their MAC a\n-0003eba0: 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ddress.....File:\n-0003ebb0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003ebc0: 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 e: net_ls_dns, \n-0003ebd0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 Next: net_ls_rou\n-0003ebe0: 7465 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f tes, Prev: net_\n-0003ebf0: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2055 703a 204e ls_cards, Up: N\n-0003ec00: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0003ec10: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3320 6e65 745f ds..17.5.13 net_\n-0003ec20: 6c73 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ls_dns.---------\n-0003ec30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003ec40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 ommand: net_ls_d\n-0003ec50: 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6464 ns. List add\n-0003ec60: 7265 7373 6573 206f 6620 444e 5320 7365 resses of DNS se\n-0003ec70: 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e rvers used durin\n-0003ec80: 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a g name lookup...\n-0003ec90: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003eca0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 o, Node: net_ls\n-0003ecb0: 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 _routes, Next: \n-0003ecc0: 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 2050 net_nslookup, P\n-0003ecd0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c rev: net_ls_dns,\n-0003ece0: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n-0003ecf0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n-0003ed00: 3134 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 14 net_ls_routes\n-0003ed10: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0003ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003ed30: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 and: net_ls_rout\n-0003ed40: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 es. List rou\n-0003ed50: 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a1f ting entries....\n-0003ed60: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003ed70: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c , Node: net_nsl\n-0003ed80: 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 ookup, Next: ne\n-0003ed90: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2c20 2050 7265 t_set_vlan, Pre\n-0003eda0: 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 v: net_ls_routes\n-0003edb0: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n-0003edc0: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n-0003edd0: 2e31 3520 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 .15 net_nslookup\n-0003ede0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0003edf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0003ee00: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 nd: net_nslookup\n-0003ee10: 204e 414d 4520 5b53 4552 5645 525d 0a20 NAME [SERVER]. \n-0003ee20: 2020 2020 5265 736f 6c76 6520 6164 6472 Resolve addr\n-0003ee30: 6573 7320 6f66 204e 414d 4520 7573 696e ess of NAME usin\n-0003ee40: 6720 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 2053 4552 g DNS server SER\n-0003ee50: 5645 522e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 7365 7276 VER. If no serv\n-0003ee60: 6572 2069 730a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e er is. given\n-0003ee70: 2c20 7573 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c69 , use default li\n-0003ee80: 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 732e 0a0a st of servers...\n-0003ee90: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003eea0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 o, Node: net_se\n-0003eeb0: 745f 766c 616e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e t_vlan, Prev: n\n-0003eec0: 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 5570 et_nslookup, Up\n-0003eed0: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-0003eee0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3136 206e mands..17.5.16 n\n-0003eef0: 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d et_set_vlan.----\n+0003e6d0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003e6e0: 643a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f d: net_get_dhcp_\n+0003e6f0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2056 4152 2049 4e54 4552 option VAR INTER\n+0003e700: 4641 4345 204e 554d 4245 5220 5459 5045 FACE NUMBER TYPE\n+0003e710: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7175 6573 7420 4448 . Request DH\n+0003e720: 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e20 4e55 4d42 4552 CP option NUMBER\n+0003e730: 206f 6620 5459 5045 2076 6961 2049 4e54 of TYPE via INT\n+0003e740: 4552 4641 4345 2e20 2054 5950 4520 6361 ERFACE. TYPE ca\n+0003e750: 6e20 6265 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 n be one. of\n+0003e760: 20e2 8098 7374 7269 6e67 e280 992c 20e2 ...string..., .\n+0003e770: 8098 6e75 6d62 6572 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 ..number... or .\n+0003e780: 8098 6865 78e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 ..hex.... If op\n+0003e790: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 666f 756e 642c 2061 tion is found, a\n+0003e7a0: 7373 6967 6e20 6974 730a 2020 2020 2076 ssign its. v\n+0003e7b0: 616c 7565 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 alue to variable\n+0003e7c0: 2056 4152 2e20 2056 616c 7565 7320 6f66 VAR. Values of\n+0003e7d0: 2074 7970 6573 20e2 8098 6e75 6d62 6572 types ...number\n+0003e7e0: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9868 6578 e280 ... and ...hex..\n+0003e7f0: 9920 6172 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 . are. conve\n+0003e800: 7274 6564 2074 6f20 7374 7269 6e67 2072 rted to string r\n+0003e810: 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a epresentation...\n+0003e820: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003e830: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 o, Node: net_ip\n+0003e840: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 4e65 v6_autoconf, Ne\n+0003e850: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c xt: net_ls_addr,\n+0003e860: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f Prev: net_get_\n+0003e870: 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 dhcp_option, Up\n+0003e880: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n+0003e890: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3130 206e mands..17.5.10 n\n+0003e8a0: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n+0003e8b0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0003e8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003e8d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 Command: net_ipv\n+0003e8e0: 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 205b 4341 5244 6_autoconf [CARD\n+0003e8f0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 ]. Perform I\n+0003e900: 5076 3620 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Pv6 autoconfigur\n+0003e910: 6174 696f 6e20 6279 2061 6464 696e 6720 ation by adding \n+0003e920: 746f 2074 6865 2043 4152 4420 696e 7465 to the CARD inte\n+0003e930: 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 rface with. \n+0003e940: 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 8098 3a6c 696e name CARD...:lin\n+0003e950: 6be2 8099 2061 6e64 206c 696e 6b20 6c6f k... and link lo\n+0003e960: 6361 6c20 4d41 432d 6261 7365 6420 6164 cal MAC-based ad\n+0003e970: 6472 6573 732e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6361 dress. If no ca\n+0003e980: 7264 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 rd is. speci\n+0003e990: 6669 6564 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 6175 fied, perform au\n+0003e9a0: 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 toconfiguration \n+0003e9b0: 666f 7220 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 for all existing\n+0003e9c0: 2063 6172 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a cards.....File:\n+0003e9d0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003e9e0: 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 e: net_ls_addr, \n+0003e9f0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 Next: net_ls_ca\n+0003ea00: 7264 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f rds, Prev: net_\n+0003ea10: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 ipv6_autoconf, \n+0003ea20: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n+0003ea30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3131 ommands..17.5.11\n+0003ea40: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d net_ls_addr.---\n+0003ea50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003ea60: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n+0003ea70: 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 0a20 2020 2020 et_ls_addr. \n+0003ea80: 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 List all configu\n+0003ea90: 7265 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6573 2077 red interfaces w\n+0003eaa0: 6974 6820 7468 6569 7220 4d41 4320 616e ith their MAC an\n+0003eab0: 6420 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2e0a d IP addresses..\n+0003eac0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003ead0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c fo, Node: net_l\n+0003eae0: 735f 6361 7264 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 s_cards, Next: \n+0003eaf0: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 net_ls_dns, Pre\n+0003eb00: 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 v: net_ls_addr, \n+0003eb10: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n+0003eb20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 commands..17.5.1\n+0003eb30: 3220 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a2d 2 net_ls_cards.-\n+0003eb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003eb50: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003eb60: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a20 : net_ls_cards. \n+0003eb70: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2064 6574 List all det\n+0003eb80: 6563 7465 6420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 ected network ca\n+0003eb90: 7264 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d rds with their M\n+0003eba0: 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 AC address.....F\n+0003ebb0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003ebc0: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e Node: net_ls_dn\n+0003ebd0: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 s, Next: net_ls\n+0003ebe0: 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _routes, Prev: \n+0003ebf0: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2055 net_ls_cards, U\n+0003ec00: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n+0003ec10: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3320 mmands..17.5.13 \n+0003ec20: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d net_ls_dns.-----\n+0003ec30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003ec40: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n+0003ec50: 6c73 5f64 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 ls_dns. List\n+0003ec60: 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 206f 6620 444e addresses of DN\n+0003ec70: 5320 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 2064 S servers used d\n+0003ec80: 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 uring name looku\n+0003ec90: 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 p.....File: grub\n+0003eca0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+0003ecb0: 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 4e65 t_ls_routes, Ne\n+0003ecc0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 xt: net_nslookup\n+0003ecd0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f , Prev: net_ls_\n+0003ece0: 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 dns, Up: Networ\n+0003ecf0: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n+0003ed00: 372e 352e 3134 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7.5.14 net_ls_ro\n+0003ed10: 7574 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d utes.-----------\n+0003ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003ed30: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f Command: net_ls_\n+0003ed40: 726f 7574 6573 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 routes. List\n+0003ed50: 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 routing entries\n+0003ed60: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003ed70: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+0003ed80: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 4e65 7874 _nslookup, Next\n+0003ed90: 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2c20 : net_set_vlan, \n+0003eda0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f Prev: net_ls_ro\n+0003edb0: 7574 6573 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f utes, Up: Netwo\n+0003edc0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n+0003edd0: 3137 2e35 2e31 3520 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 17.5.15 net_nslo\n+0003ede0: 6f6b 7570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d okup.-----------\n+0003edf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003ee00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f ommand: net_nslo\n+0003ee10: 6f6b 7570 204e 414d 4520 5b53 4552 5645 okup NAME [SERVE\n+0003ee20: 525d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 736f 6c76 6520 R]. Resolve \n+0003ee30: 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 204e 414d 4520 address of NAME \n+0003ee40: 7573 696e 6720 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 using DNS server\n+0003ee50: 2053 4552 5645 522e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 SERVER. If no \n+0003ee60: 7365 7276 6572 2069 730a 2020 2020 2067 server is. g\n+0003ee70: 6976 656e 2c20 7573 6520 6465 6661 756c iven, use defaul\n+0003ee80: 7420 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 t list of server\n+0003ee90: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0003eea0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+0003eeb0: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2c20 2050 7265 t_set_vlan, Pre\n+0003eec0: 763a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c v: net_nslookup,\n+0003eed0: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n+0003eee0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n+0003eef0: 3136 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e0a 16 net_set_vlan.\n 0003ef00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003ef10: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-0003ef20: 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 494e 5445 et_set_vlan INTE\n-0003ef30: 5246 4143 4520 564c 414e 4944 0a20 2020 RFACE VLANID. \n-0003ef40: 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 3830 322e 3151 Set the 802.1Q\n-0003ef50: 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 VLAN identifier\n-0003ef60: 206f 6e20 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 746f on INTERFACE to\n-0003ef70: 2056 4c41 4e49 442e 2020 466f 720a 2020 VLANID. For. \n-0003ef80: 2020 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 example, to s\n-0003ef90: 6574 2074 6865 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 656e et the VLAN iden\n-0003efa0: 7469 6669 6572 206f 6e20 696e 7465 7266 tifier on interf\n-0003efb0: 6163 6520 e280 9865 6669 6e65 7431 e280 ace ...efinet1..\n-0003efc0: 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3030 . to. ...100\n-0003efd0: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ...:.. \n-0003efe0: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2065 6669 net_set_vlan efi\n-0003eff0: 6e65 7431 2031 3030 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 net1 100.. T\n-0003f000: 6865 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 656e 7469 6669 he VLAN identifi\n-0003f010: 6572 2063 616e 2062 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 er can be remove\n-0003f020: 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7420 d by setting it \n-0003f030: 746f 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 to ...0...:.. \n-0003f040: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 net_set_v\n-0003f050: 6c61 6e20 6566 696e 6574 3120 300a 0a1f lan efinet1 0...\n-0003f060: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003f070: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d , Node: Undocum\n-0003f080: 656e 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 ented commands, \n-0003f090: 2050 7265 763a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e Prev: Networkin\n-0003f0a0: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a g commands, Up:\n-0003f0b0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3620 Commands..17.6 \n-0003f0c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 7572 7265 6e74 Commands current\n-0003f0d0: 6c79 2075 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 640a ly undocumented.\n-0003f0e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0003ef10: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003ef20: 643a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 d: net_set_vlan \n+0003ef30: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 564c 414e 4944 INTERFACE VLANID\n+0003ef40: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 3830 . Set the 80\n+0003ef50: 322e 3151 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 656e 7469 2.1Q VLAN identi\n+0003ef60: 6669 6572 206f 6e20 494e 5445 5246 4143 fier on INTERFAC\n+0003ef70: 4520 746f 2056 4c41 4e49 442e 2020 466f E to VLANID. Fo\n+0003ef80: 720a 2020 2020 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 r. example, \n+0003ef90: 746f 2073 6574 2074 6865 2056 4c41 4e20 to set the VLAN \n+0003efa0: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 206f 6e20 696e identifier on in\n+0003efb0: 7465 7266 6163 6520 e280 9865 6669 6e65 terface ...efine\n+0003efc0: 7431 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 t1... to. ..\n+0003efd0: 9831 3030 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 .100...:.. \n+0003efe0: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e net_set_vlan\n+0003eff0: 2065 6669 6e65 7431 2031 3030 0a0a 2020 efinet1 100.. \n+0003f000: 2020 2054 6865 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 656e The VLAN iden\n+0003f010: 7469 6669 6572 2063 616e 2062 6520 7265 tifier can be re\n+0003f020: 6d6f 7665 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 moved by setting\n+0003f030: 2069 7420 746f 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 3a0a it to ...0...:.\n+0003f040: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 . net_s\n+0003f050: 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 6566 696e 6574 3120 et_vlan efinet1 \n+0003f060: 300a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 0....File: grub.\n+0003f070: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 6e64 info, Node: Und\n+0003f080: 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e ocumented comman\n+0003f090: 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204e 6574 776f ds, Prev: Netwo\n+0003f0a0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 rking commands, \n+0003f0b0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 Up: Commands..1\n+0003f0c0: 372e 3620 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 7572 7.6 Commands cur\n+0003f0d0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2075 6e64 6f63 756d 656e rently undocumen\n+0003f0e0: 7465 640a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ted.============\n 0003f0f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003f100: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 ====..Unfortunat\n-0003f110: 656c 792c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 2047 5255 ely, not all GRU\n-0003f120: 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2064 B commands are d\n-0003f130: 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 6174 2074 6869 ocumented at thi\n-0003f140: 7320 7469 6d65 2064 7565 2074 6f0a 6465 s time due to.de\n-0003f150: 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 7265 736f 7572 6365 veloper resource\n-0003f160: 2063 6f6e 7374 7261 696e 7473 2e20 204f constraints. O\n-0003f170: 6e65 2077 6179 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 7269 ne way to contri\n-0003f180: 6275 7465 2062 6163 6b20 746f 2074 6865 bute back to the\n-0003f190: 2047 5255 420a 7072 6f6a 6563 7420 776f GRUB.project wo\n-0003f1a0: 756c 6420 6265 2074 6f20 6865 6c70 2064 uld be to help d\n-0003f1b0: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 7468 6573 6520 636f ocument these co\n-0003f1c0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 616e 6420 7375 626d mmands, and subm\n-0003f1d0: 6974 2070 6174 6368 6573 206f 720a 6964 it patches or.id\n-0003f1e0: 6561 7320 746f 2074 6865 206d 6169 6c69 eas to the maili\n-0003f1f0: 6e67 206c 6973 742e 2020 5468 6520 666f ng list. The fo\n-0003f200: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 2028 6d6f llowing is a (mo\n-0003f210: 7374 206c 696b 656c 7920 696e 636f 6d70 st likely incomp\n-0003f220: 6c65 7465 290a 6c69 7374 206f 6620 756e lete).list of un\n-0003f230: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 206f 7220 706f documented or po\n-0003f240: 6f72 6c79 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 orly documented \n-0003f250: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 6e64 206e 6f74 commands and not\n-0003f260: 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 656d 0a61 7265 all of them.are\n-0003f270: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c allowed for all\n-0003f280: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2052 756e platforms. Run\n-0003f290: 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ning the command\n-0003f2a0: 2068 656c 7020 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 help from withi\n-0003f2b0: 6e20 7468 650a 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c n the.GRUB shell\n-0003f2c0: 206d 6179 2070 726f 7669 6465 206d 6f72 may provide mor\n-0003f2d0: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e e information on\n-0003f2e0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 616e 6420 parameters and \n-0003f2f0: 7573 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 usage... ... .\n-0003f300: 8098 616c 6c5f 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c ..all_functional\n-0003f310: 5f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2052 756e 2061 _test... - Run a\n-0003f320: 6c6c 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 ll functional te\n-0003f330: 7374 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9862 sts.. ... ...b\n-0003f340: 6163 6b74 7261 6365 e280 9920 2d20 5072 acktrace... - Pr\n-0003f350: 696e 7420 6261 636b 7472 6163 652e 0a20 int backtrace.. \n-0003f360: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9862 6f6f 7474 696d ... ...boottim\n-0003f370: 65e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 626f 6f74 e... - Show boot\n-0003f380: 2074 696d 6520 7374 6174 6973 7469 6373 time statistics\n-0003f390: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6361 6368 .. ... ...cach\n-0003f3a0: 6569 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 2047 6574 2064 einfo... - Get d\n-0003f3b0: 6973 6b20 6361 6368 6520 696e 666f 2e0a isk cache info..\n-0003f3c0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6362 6d65 6d63 ... ...cbmemc\n-0003f3d0: e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2043 424d 454d ... - Show CBMEM\n-0003f3e0: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 console content\n-0003f3f0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 636d 6f73 .. ... ...cmos\n-0003f400: 7365 74e2 8099 202d 2053 6574 2062 6974 set... - Set bit\n-0003f410: 2061 7420 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2069 6e20 at BYTE:BIT in \n-0003f420: 434d 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 CMOS.. ... ...\n-0003f430: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 696d coreboot_boottim\n-0003f440: 65e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 636f 7265 e... - Show core\n-0003f450: 626f 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2073 boot boot time s\n-0003f460: 7461 7469 7374 6963 732e 0a20 2020 e280 tatistics.. ..\n-0003f470: a220 e280 9864 756d 70e2 8099 202d 2053 . ...dump... - S\n-0003f480: 686f 7720 6d65 6d6f 7279 2063 6f6e 7465 how memory conte\n-0003f490: 6e74 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 nts.. ... ...e\n-0003f4a0: 6669 656d 755f 6c6f 6164 636f 7265 e280 fiemu_loadcore..\n-0003f4b0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e64 2069 6e69 . - Load and ini\n-0003f4c0: 7469 616c 697a 6520 4546 4920 656d 756c tialize EFI emul\n-0003f4d0: 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ator.. ... ...\n-0003f4e0: 6566 6965 6d75 5f70 7265 7061 7265 e280 efiemu_prepare..\n-0003f4f0: 9920 2d20 4669 6e61 6c69 7a65 206c 6f61 . - Finalize loa\n-0003f500: 6469 6e67 206f 6620 4546 4920 656d 756c ding of EFI emul\n-0003f510: 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ator.. ... ...\n-0003f520: 6566 6965 6d75 5f75 6e6c 6f61 64e2 8099 efiemu_unload...\n-0003f530: 202d 2055 6e6c 6f61 6420 4546 4920 656d - Unload EFI em\n-0003f540: 756c 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ulator.. ... .\n-0003f550: 8098 6578 6974 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6974 ..exit... - Exit\n-0003f560: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a 2020 20e2 from GRUB.. .\n-0003f570: 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 656e .. ...extract_en\n-0003f580: 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 tries_configfile\n-0003f590: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 ... - Load anoth\n-0003f5a0: 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 2062 er config file b\n-0003f5b0: 7574 2074 616b 650a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c ut take. onl\n-0003f5c0: 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a y menu entries..\n-0003f5d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 ... ...extrac\n-0003f5e0: 745f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 6365 t_entries_source\n-0003f5f0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 ... - Load anoth\n-0003f600: 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 2077 er config file w\n-0003f610: 6974 686f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6368 616e ithout. chan\n-0003f620: 6769 6e67 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2062 7574 ging context but\n-0003f630: 2074 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 take only menu \n-0003f640: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 entries.. ... \n-0003f650: e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f6c 6567 6163 ...extract_legac\n-0003f660: 795f 656e 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 y_entries_config\n-0003f670: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 file... - Parse \n-0003f680: 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e legacy config in\n-0003f690: 206e 6577 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6578 new. contex\n-0003f6a0: 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 t taking only me\n-0003f6b0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 nu entries. ..\n-0003f6c0: a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f6c 6567 . ...extract_leg\n-0003f6d0: 6163 795f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 acy_entries_sour\n-0003f6e0: 6365 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 ce... - Parse le\n-0003f6f0: 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 gacy config in s\n-0003f700: 616d 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 ame. context\n-0003f710: 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e taking only men\n-0003f720: 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 u entries. ...\n-0003f730: 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 7379 736c ...extract_sysl\n-0003f740: 696e 7578 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e inux_entries_con\n-0003f750: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 figfile... - Exe\n-0003f760: 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f cute syslinux co\n-0003f770: 6e66 6967 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 206e 6577 nfig in. new\n-0003f780: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 context taking \n-0003f790: 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 only menu entrie\n-0003f7a0: 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 s. ... ...extr\n-0003f7b0: 6163 745f 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f65 6e74 act_syslinux_ent\n-0003f7c0: 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d ries_source... -\n-0003f7d0: 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 Execute syslinu\n-0003f7e0: 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 x config in same\n-0003f7f0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 . context ta\n-0003f800: 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 king only menu e\n-0003f810: 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ntries. ... ..\n-0003f820: 9866 616b 6562 696f 73e2 8099 202d 2043 .fakebios... - C\n-0003f830: 7265 6174 6520 4249 4f53 2d6c 696b 6520 reate BIOS-like \n-0003f840: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2066 6f72 2062 structures for b\n-0003f850: 6163 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ackward compatib\n-0003f860: 696c 6974 790a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 ility. with \n-0003f870: 6578 6973 7469 6e67 204f 532e 0a20 2020 existing OS.. \n-0003f880: e280 a220 e280 9866 696c 65e2 8099 202d ... ...file... -\n-0003f890: 2043 6865 636b 2069 6620 4649 4c45 2069 Check if FILE i\n-0003f8a0: 7320 6f66 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 s of specified t\n-0003f8b0: 7970 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 ype.. ... ...f\n-0003f8c0: 6978 5f76 6964 656f e280 9920 2d20 4669 ix_video... - Fi\n-0003f8d0: 7820 7669 6465 6f20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2e x video problem.\n-0003f8e0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 7073 7761 . ... ...fpswa\n-0003f8f0: e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4650 ... - Display FP\n-0003f900: 5357 4120 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 SWA version.. \n-0003f910: e280 a220 e280 9866 756e 6374 696f 6e61 ... ...functiona\n-0003f920: 6c5f 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5275 6e20 l_test... - Run \n-0003f930: 616c 6c20 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 756e 6374 all loaded funct\n-0003f940: 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 7374 732e 0a20 2020 ional tests.. \n-0003f950: e280 a220 e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 5f62 ... ...gdbstub_b\n-0003f960: 7265 616b e280 9920 2d20 4272 6561 6b20 reak... - Break \n-0003f970: 696e 746f 2047 4442 0a20 2020 e280 a220 into GDB. ... \n-0003f980: e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 e280 9920 2d20 ...gdbstub... - \n-0003f990: 5374 6172 7420 4744 4220 7374 7562 206f Start GDB stub o\n-0003f9a0: 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 706f 7274 0a20 2020 n given port. \n-0003f9b0: e280 a220 e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 5f73 ... ...gdbstub_s\n-0003f9c0: 746f 70e2 8099 202d 2053 746f 7020 4744 top... - Stop GD\n-0003f9d0: 4220 7374 7562 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 B stub. ... ..\n-0003f9e0: 9868 6470 6172 6de2 8099 202d 2047 6574 .hdparm... - Get\n-0003f9f0: 2f73 6574 2041 5441 2064 6973 6b20 7061 /set ATA disk pa\n-0003fa00: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 rameters.. ...\n-0003fa10: 20e2 8098 6865 7864 756d 705f 7261 6e64 ...hexdump_rand\n-0003fa20: 6f6d e280 9920 2d20 4865 7864 756d 7020 om... - Hexdump \n-0003fa30: 7261 6e64 6f6d 2064 6174 612e 0a20 2020 random data.. \n-0003fa40: e280 a220 e280 9869 6e62 e280 9920 2d20 ... ...inb... - \n-0003fa50: 5265 6164 2038 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 Read 8-bit value\n-0003fa60: 2066 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 from PORT.. .\n-0003fa70: 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 6ce2 8099 202d 2052 .. ...inl... - R\n-0003fa80: 6561 6420 3332 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 ead 32-bit value\n-0003fa90: 2066 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 from PORT.. .\n-0003faa0: 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 77e2 8099 202d 2052 .. ...inw... - R\n-0003fab0: 6561 6420 3136 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 ead 16-bit value\n-0003fac0: 2066 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 from PORT.. .\n-0003fad0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6a70 6567 7465 7374 e280 .. ...jpegtest..\n-0003fae0: 9920 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e . - Tests loadin\n-0003faf0: 6720 6f66 204a 5045 4720 6269 746d 6170 g of JPEG bitmap\n-0003fb00: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b65 796d .. ... ...keym\n-0003fb10: 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206b ap... - Load a k\n-0003fb20: 6579 626f 6172 6420 6c61 796f 7574 2e0a eyboard layout..\n-0003fb30: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 ... ...legacy\n-0003fb40: 5f63 6865 636b 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 _check_password.\n-0003fb50: 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 .. - Simulate gr\n-0003fb60: 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2770 6173 7377 ub-legacy 'passw\n-0003fb70: 6f72 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 ord' command. \n-0003fb80: 2020 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 in menu entry \n-0003fb90: 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c mode. ... ...l\n-0003fba0: 6567 6163 795f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 egacy_configfile\n-0003fbb0: e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 ... - Parse lega\n-0003fbc0: 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 206e 6577 cy config in new\n-0003fbd0: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 context. ... \n-0003fbe0: e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 7061 7373 776f ...legacy_passwo\n-0003fbf0: 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 rd... - Simulate\n-0003fc00: 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 7061 grub-legacy 'pa\n-0003fc10: 7373 776f 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a ssword' command.\n-0003fc20: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 ... ...legacy\n-0003fc30: 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 _source... - Par\n-0003fc40: 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 se legacy config\n-0003fc50: 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 in same context\n-0003fc60: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6f61 6462 . ... ...loadb\n-0003fc70: 696f 73e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4249 ios... - Load BI\n-0003fc80: 4f53 2064 756d 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 OS dump.. ... \n-0003fc90: e280 986c 7361 6370 69e2 8099 202d 2053 ...lsacpi... - S\n-0003fca0: 686f 7720 4143 5049 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 how ACPI informa\n-0003fcb0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tion.. ... ...\n-0003fcc0: 6c73 6170 6de2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 lsapm... - Show \n-0003fcd0: 4150 4d20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e APM information.\n-0003fce0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7363 6f72 . ... ...lscor\n-0003fcf0: 6562 6f6f 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 eboot... - List \n-0003fd00: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2074 6162 6c65 732e coreboot tables.\n-0003fd10: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7364 6576 . ... ...lsdev\n-0003fd20: e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2064 6576 6963 ... - List devic\n-0003fd30: 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 es.. ... ...ls\n-0003fd40: 6566 69e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 efi... - Display\n-0003fd50: 2045 4649 2068 616e 646c 6573 2e0a 2020 EFI handles.. \n-0003fd60: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 696d 6d61 ... ...lsefimma\n-0003fd70: 70e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2045 p... - Display E\n-0003fd80: 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 702e 0a20 FI memory map.. \n-0003fd90: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 7379 ... ...lsefisy\n-0003fda0: 7374 6162 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 stab... - Displa\n-0003fdb0: 7920 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d 2074 6162 y EFI system tab\n-0003fdc0: 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c les.. ... ...l\n-0003fdd0: 736d 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 smmap... - List \n-0003fde0: 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2070 726f 7669 memory map provi\n-0003fdf0: 6465 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e ded by firmware.\n-0003fe00: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7370 6369 . ... ...lspci\n-0003fe10: e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2050 4349 2064 ... - List PCI d\n-0003fe20: 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 evices.. ... .\n-0003fe30: 8098 6c73 7361 6ce2 8099 202d 2044 6973 ..lssal... - Dis\n-0003fe40: 706c 6179 2053 414c 2073 7973 7465 6d20 play SAL system \n-0003fe50: 7461 626c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 table.. ... ..\n-0003fe60: 986c 7373 7064 e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e .lsspd... - Prin\n-0003fe70: 7420 4d65 6d6f 7279 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 t Memory informa\n-0003fe80: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tion.. ... ...\n-0003fe90: 6d61 6370 7063 626c 6573 73e2 8099 202d macppcbless... -\n-0003fea0: 2042 6c65 7373 2044 4952 206f 6620 4846 Bless DIR of HF\n-0003feb0: 5320 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 7061 7274 6974 S or HFS+ partit\n-0003fec0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 5050 4320 6d61 6373 ion for PPC macs\n-0003fed0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d61 6374 .. ... ...mact\n-0003fee0: 656c 626c 6573 73e2 8099 202d 2042 6c65 elbless... - Ble\n-0003fef0: 7373 2046 494c 4520 6f66 2048 4653 206f ss FILE of HFS o\n-0003ff00: 7220 4846 532b 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e r HFS+ partition\n-0003ff10: 2066 6f72 2069 6e74 656c 206d 6163 732e for intel macs.\n-0003ff20: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986e 6574 5f73 . ... ...net_s\n-0003ff30: 6574 5f76 6c61 6ee2 8099 202d 2053 6574 et_vlan... - Set\n-0003ff40: 2061 6e20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 an interface's \n-0003ff50: 766c 616e 2069 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 vlan id.. ... \n-0003ff60: e280 986f 7574 62e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 ...outb... - Wri\n-0003ff70: 7465 2038 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 te 8-bit VALUE t\n-0003ff80: 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 o PORT.. ... .\n-0003ff90: 8098 6f75 746c e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 ..outl... - Writ\n-0003ffa0: 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 e 32-bit VALUE t\n-0003ffb0: 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 o PORT.. ... .\n-0003ffc0: 8098 6f75 7477 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 ..outw... - Writ\n-0003ffd0: 6520 3136 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 e 16-bit VALUE t\n-0003ffe0: 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 o PORT.. ... .\n-0003fff0: 8098 7063 6964 756d 70e2 8099 202d 2053 ..pcidump... - S\n-00040000: 686f 7720 7261 7720 6475 6d70 206f 6620 how raw dump of \n-00040010: 7468 6520 5043 4920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 the PCI configur\n-00040020: 6174 696f 6e20 7370 6163 652e 0a20 2020 ation space.. \n-00040030: e280 a220 e280 9870 6e67 7465 7374 e280 ... ...pngtest..\n-00040040: 9920 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e . - Tests loadin\n-00040050: 6720 6f66 2050 4e47 2062 6974 6d61 702e g of PNG bitmap.\n-00040060: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 645f . ... ...read_\n-00040070: 6279 7465 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2038 byte... - Read 8\n-00040080: 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 -bit value from \n-00040090: 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ADDR.. ... ...\n-000400a0: 7265 6164 5f64 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 read_dword... - \n-000400b0: 5265 6164 2033 322d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 Read 32-bit valu\n-000400c0: 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e from ADDR.. \n-000400d0: e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 645f 776f 7264 ... ...read_word\n-000400e0: e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2031 362d 6269 ... - Read 16-bi\n-000400f0: 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 t value from ADD\n-00040100: 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 6574 R.. ... ...set\n-00040110: 7063 69e2 8099 202d 204d 616e 6970 756c pci... - Manipul\n-00040120: 6174 6520 5043 4920 6465 7669 6365 732e ate PCI devices.\n-00040130: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 7573 7065 . ... ...suspe\n-00040140: 6e64 e280 9920 2d20 5265 7475 726e 2074 nd... - Return t\n-00040150: 6f20 4945 4545 3132 3735 2070 726f 6d70 o IEEE1275 promp\n-00040160: 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 7973 t.. ... ...sys\n-00040170: 6c69 6e75 785f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 linux_configfile\n-00040180: e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 ... - Execute sy\n-00040190: 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e slinux config in\n-000401a0: 206e 6577 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 new context. \n-000401b0: e280 a220 e280 9873 7973 6c69 6e75 785f ... ...syslinux_\n-000401c0: 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 source... - Exec\n-000401d0: 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e ute syslinux con\n-000401e0: 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f 6e74 fig in same cont\n-000401f0: 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 ext. ... ...te\n-00040200: 7374 5f62 6c6f 636b 6172 67e2 8099 202d st_blockarg... -\n-00040210: 2050 7269 6e74 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 Print and execu\n-00040220: 7465 2062 6c6f 636b 2061 7267 756d 656e te block argumen\n-00040230: 742e 2c20 300a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 t., 0. ... ...\n-00040240: 7465 7374 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f testload... - Lo\n-00040250: 6164 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6669 6c65 ad the same file\n-00040260: 2069 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2077 6179 in multiple way\n-00040270: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 s.. ... ...tes\n-00040280: 7473 7065 6564 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 tspeed... - Test\n-00040290: 2066 696c 6520 7265 6164 2073 7065 6564 file read speed\n-000402a0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7467 6174 .. ... ...tgat\n-000402b0: 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c est... - Tests l\n-000402c0: 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 5447 4120 6269 oading of TGA bi\n-000402d0: 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tmap.. ... ...\n-000402e0: 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 4d65 6173 7572 time... - Measur\n-000402f0: 6520 7469 6d65 2075 7365 6420 6279 2043 e time used by C\n-00040300: 4f4d 4d41 4e44 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 OMMAND. ... ..\n-00040310: 9874 72e2 8099 202d 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 .tr... - Transla\n-00040320: 7465 2053 4554 3120 6368 6172 6163 7465 te SET1 characte\n-00040330: 7273 2074 6f20 5345 5432 2069 6e20 5354 rs to SET2 in ST\n-00040340: 5249 4e47 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 RING.. ... ...\n-00040350: 7573 62e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 5553 usb... - Test US\n-00040360: 4220 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a20 2020 e280 B support.. ..\n-00040370: a220 e280 9876 6265 696e 666f e280 9920 . ...vbeinfo... \n-00040380: 2d20 4c69 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 - List available\n-00040390: 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2049 video modes. I\n-000403a0: 6620 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 f resolution is \n-000403b0: 6769 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 2073 686f 7720 given. show \n-000403c0: 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f64 6573 206d 6174 6368 only modes match\n-000403d0: 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ing it.. ... .\n-000403e0: 8098 7662 6574 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 ..vbetest... - T\n-000403f0: 6573 7420 7669 6465 6f20 7375 6273 7973 est video subsys\n-00040400: 7465 6d2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9876 tem.. ... ...v\n-00040410: 6964 656f 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 ideotest... - Te\n-00040420: 7374 2076 6964 656f 2073 7562 7379 7374 st video subsyst\n-00040430: 656d 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 2057 7848 2e0a em in mode WxH..\n-00040440: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f ... ...write_\n-00040450: 6279 7465 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 byte... - Write \n-00040460: 382d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 8-bit VALUE to A\n-00040470: 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 DDR.. ... ...w\n-00040480: 7269 7465 5f64 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 rite_dword... - \n-00040490: 5772 6974 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2056 414c Write 32-bit VAL\n-000404a0: 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 UE to ADDR.. .\n-000404b0: 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f 776f 7264 .. ...write_word\n-000404c0: e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 3136 2d62 ... - Write 16-b\n-000404d0: 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 it VALUE to ADDR\n-000404e0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 6e5f .. ... ...xen_\n-000404f0: 6361 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 5865 cat... - List Xe\n-00040500: 6e20 7374 6f72 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 n storage.. ..\n-00040510: a220 e280 9878 656e 5f6c 73e2 8099 202d . ...xen_ls... -\n-00040520: 204c 6973 7420 5865 6e20 7374 6f72 6167 List Xen storag\n-00040530: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 e.. ... ...xnu\n-00040540: 5f64 6576 7072 6f70 5f6c 6f61 64e2 8099 _devprop_load...\n-00040550: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 2764 6576 6963 652d - Load 'device-\n-00040560: 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2720 6475 6d70 properties' dump\n-00040570: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n-00040580: 7575 6964 e280 9920 2d20 5472 616e 7366 uuid... - Transf\n-00040590: 6f72 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 2055 5549 4420 orm 64-bit UUID \n-000405a0: 746f 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 7375 6974 6162 to format suitab\n-000405b0: 6c65 2066 6f72 2058 4e55 2e20 4966 0a20 le for XNU. If. \n-000405c0: 2020 2020 2d6c 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 -l is given \n-000405d0: 6b65 6570 2069 7420 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 keep it lowercas\n-000405e0: 6520 6173 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 2062 6c6b e as done by blk\n-000405f0: 6964 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 id.. ... ...zf\n-00040600: 732d 626f 6f74 6673 e280 9920 2d20 5072 s-bootfs... - Pr\n-00040610: 696e 7420 5a46 532d 424f 4f54 4653 4f42 int ZFS-BOOTFSOB\n-00040620: 4a20 6f72 2073 746f 7265 2069 7420 696e J or store it in\n-00040630: 746f 2056 4152 4941 424c 450a 2020 20e2 to VARIABLE. .\n-00040640: 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 7369 6e66 6fe2 8099 .. ...zfsinfo...\n-00040650: 202d 2050 7269 6e74 205a 4653 2069 6e66 - Print ZFS inf\n-00040660: 6f20 6162 6f75 7420 4445 5649 4345 2e0a o about DEVICE..\n-00040670: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 736b 6579 ... ...zfskey\n-00040680: e280 9920 2d20 496d 706f 7274 205a 4653 ... - Import ZFS\n-00040690: 2077 7261 7070 696e 6720 6b65 7920 7374 wrapping key st\n-000406a0: 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e0a 0a1f ored in FILE....\n-000406b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000406c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 , Node: Interna\n-000406d0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 tionalisation, \n-000406e0: 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 2c20 Next: Security, \n-000406f0: 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c Prev: Commands,\n-00040700: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3820 496e Up: Top..18 In\n-00040710: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 ternationalisati\n-00040720: 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a on.*************\n-00040730: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 3138 2e31 **********..18.1\n-00040740: 2043 6861 7273 6574 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Charset.=======\n-00040750: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7573 6573 =====..GRUB uses\n-00040760: 2055 5446 2d38 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c UTF-8 internall\n-00040770: 7920 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e 2069 6e20 y other than in \n-00040780: 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7768 6572 6520 rendering where \n-00040790: 736f 6d65 0a47 5255 422d 7370 6563 6966 some.GRUB-specif\n-000407a0: 6963 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2072 ic appropriate r\n-000407b0: 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6973 epresentation is\n-000407c0: 2075 7365 642e 2020 416c 6c20 7465 7874 used. All text\n-000407d0: 2066 696c 6573 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e files.(includin\n-000407e0: 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2920 6172 6520 6173 g config) are as\n-000407f0: 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 656e 636f sumed to be enco\n-00040800: 6465 6420 696e 2055 5446 2d38 2e0a 0a31 ded in UTF-8...1\n-00040810: 382e 3220 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 730a 8.2 Filesystems.\n-00040820: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00040830: 0a0a 4e54 4653 2c20 4a46 532c 2055 4446 ..NTFS, JFS, UDF\n-00040840: 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 6578 4641 542c 206c , HFS+, exFAT, l\n-00040850: 6f6e 6720 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 7320 696e ong filenames in\n-00040860: 2046 4154 2c20 4a6f 6c69 6574 2070 6172 FAT, Joliet par\n-00040870: 7420 6f66 0a49 534f 3936 3630 2061 7265 t of.ISO9660 are\n-00040880: 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 5554 462d treated as UTF-\n-00040890: 3136 2061 7320 7065 7220 7370 6563 6966 16 as per specif\n-000408a0: 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4146 5320 616e ication. AFS an\n-000408b0: 6420 4246 5320 6172 650a 7265 6164 2061 d BFS are.read a\n-000408c0: 7320 5554 462d 382c 2061 6761 696e 2061 s UTF-8, again a\n-000408d0: 6363 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7370 6563 ccording to spec\n-000408e0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4274 7246 ification. 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Since I\n-00041e10: 4545 4531 3237 3520 616c 6961 7365 7320 EEE1275 aliases \n-00041e20: 616e 640a 4f53 4275 6e64 6c65 5265 7175 and.OSBundleRequ\n-00041e30: 6972 6564 2064 6f6e 2774 2063 6f6e 7461 ired don't conta\n-00041e40: 696e 2061 6e79 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 in any non-ASCII\n-00041e50: 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6576 6572 it should never\n-00041e60: 2062 6520 610a 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 696e be a.problem in\n-00041e70: 2070 7261 6374 6963 652e 2020 4361 7365 practice. 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(*note\n-00042080: 2074 6573 743a 3a29 2074 6573 7473 203c test::) tests <\n-00042090: 2c20 3e2c 203c 3d2c 0a3e 3d2c 202d 7067 , >, <=,.>=, -pg\n-000420a0: 7420 616e 6420 2d70 6c74 2063 6f6d 7061 t and -plt compa\n-000420b0: 7265 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 2069 re the strings i\n-000420c0: 6e20 7468 6520 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 n the lexicograp\n-000420d0: 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 0a75 hical order of.u\n-000420e0: 6e69 636f 6465 2063 6f64 6570 6f69 6e74 nicode codepoint\n-000420f0: 732c 2072 6570 6c69 6361 7469 6e67 2074 s, replicating t\n-00042100: 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 he behaviour of \n-00042110: 7465 7374 2066 726f 6d20 636f 7265 7574 test from coreut\n-00042120: 696c 732e 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ils..environment\n-00042130: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 6e64 2063 variables and c\n-00042140: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6c69 7374 ommands are list\n-00042150: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 206f ed in the same o\n-00042160: 7264 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rder.....File: g\n-00042170: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00042180: 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 4e65 7874 Security, Next\n-00042190: 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 : Platform limit\n-000421a0: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 ations, Prev: I\n-000421b0: 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 nternationalisat\n-000421c0: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 ion, Up: Top..1\n-000421d0: 3920 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 9 Security.*****\n-000421e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ******..* Menu:.\n-000421f0: 0a2a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f .* Authenticatio\n-00042200: 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 n and authorisat\n-00042210: 696f 6e3a 3a20 5573 6572 7320 616e 6420 ion:: Users and \n-00042220: 6163 6365 7373 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a2a access control.*\n-00042230: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n-00042240: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a20 2020 2020 ignatures:: \n-00042250: 2020 2020 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6469 6769 Booting digi\n-00042260: 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2063 6f64 tally signed cod\n-00042270: 650a 2a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 e.* UEFI secure \n-00042280: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a 3a20 boot and shim:: \n-00042290: 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 Booting d\n-000422a0: 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 igitally signed \n-000422b0: 5045 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2053 6563 7572 PE files.* Secur\n-000422c0: 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 e Boot Advanced \n-000422d0: 5461 7267 6574 696e 673a 3a20 2020 456d Targeting:: Em\n-000422e0: 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 bedded informati\n-000422f0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f on for generatio\n-00042300: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 n number based r\n-00042310: 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 4d65 6173 evocation.* Meas\n-00042320: 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 ured Boot:: \n-00042330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d M\n-00042340: 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 636f easuring boot co\n-00042350: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a2a 204c 6f63 6b64 mponents.* Lockd\n-00042360: 6f77 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 own:: \n-00042370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n-00042380: 636b 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 ckdown when boot\n-00042390: 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 ing on a secure \n-000423a0: 7365 7475 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 setup....File: g\n-000423b0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000423c0: 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 Authentication \n-000423d0: 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f and authorisatio\n-000423e0: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 696e 6720 n, Next: Using \n-000423f0: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n-00042400: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 es, Up: Securit\n-00042410: 790a 0a31 392e 3120 4175 7468 656e 7469 y..19.1 Authenti\n-00042420: 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f cation and autho\n-00042430: 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 4752 5542 risation in GRUB\n-00042440: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+0003f100: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 556e 666f 7274 ========..Unfort\n+0003f110: 756e 6174 656c 792c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c unately, not all\n+0003f120: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 GRUB commands a\n+0003f130: 7265 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 6174 re documented at\n+0003f140: 2074 6869 7320 7469 6d65 2064 7565 2074 this time due t\n+0003f150: 6f0a 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 7265 736f o.developer reso\n+0003f160: 7572 6365 2063 6f6e 7374 7261 696e 7473 urce constraints\n+0003f170: 2e20 204f 6e65 2077 6179 2074 6f20 636f . One way to co\n+0003f180: 6e74 7269 6275 7465 2062 6163 6b20 746f ntribute back to\n+0003f190: 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a 7072 6f6a 6563 the GRUB.projec\n+0003f1a0: 7420 776f 756c 6420 6265 2074 6f20 6865 t would be to he\n+0003f1b0: 6c70 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 7468 6573 lp document thes\n+0003f1c0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 616e 6420 e commands, and \n+0003f1d0: 7375 626d 6974 2070 6174 6368 6573 206f submit patches o\n+0003f1e0: 720a 6964 6561 7320 746f 2074 6865 206d r.ideas to the m\n+0003f1f0: 6169 6c69 6e67 206c 6973 742e 2020 5468 ailing list. Th\n+0003f200: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 e following is a\n+0003f210: 2028 6d6f 7374 206c 696b 656c 7920 696e (most likely in\n+0003f220: 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 290a 6c69 7374 206f complete).list o\n+0003f230: 6620 756e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 206f f undocumented o\n+0003f240: 7220 706f 6f72 6c79 2064 6f63 756d 656e r poorly documen\n+0003f250: 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 6e64 ted commands and\n+0003f260: 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 656d not all of them\n+0003f270: 0a61 7265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2066 6f72 .are allowed for\n+0003f280: 2061 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 all platforms. \n+0003f290: 2052 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d Running the com\n+0003f2a0: 6d61 6e64 2068 656c 7020 6672 6f6d 2077 mand help from w\n+0003f2b0: 6974 6869 6e20 7468 650a 4752 5542 2073 ithin the.GRUB s\n+0003f2c0: 6865 6c6c 206d 6179 2070 726f 7669 6465 hell may provide\n+0003f2d0: 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more informatio\n+0003f2e0: 6e20 6f6e 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 n on parameters \n+0003f2f0: 616e 6420 7573 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 20e2 and usage... .\n+0003f300: 80a2 20e2 8098 616c 6c5f 6675 6e63 7469 .. ...all_functi\n+0003f310: 6f6e 616c 5f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2052 onal_test... - R\n+0003f320: 756e 2061 6c6c 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 un all functiona\n+0003f330: 6c20 7465 7374 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 l tests.. ... \n+0003f340: e280 9862 6163 6b74 7261 6365 e280 9920 ...backtrace... \n+0003f350: 2d20 5072 696e 7420 6261 636b 7472 6163 - Print backtrac\n+0003f360: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9862 6f6f e.. ... ...boo\n+0003f370: 7474 696d 65e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 ttime... - Show \n+0003f380: 626f 6f74 2074 696d 6520 7374 6174 6973 boot time statis\n+0003f390: 7469 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tics.. ... ...\n+0003f3a0: 6361 6368 6569 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 2047 cacheinfo... - G\n+0003f3b0: 6574 2064 6973 6b20 6361 6368 6520 696e et disk cache in\n+0003f3c0: 666f 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6362 fo.. ... ...cb\n+0003f3d0: 6d65 6d63 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2043 memc... - Show C\n+0003f3e0: 424d 454d 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2063 6f6e BMEM console con\n+0003f3f0: 7465 6e74 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tent.. ... ...\n+0003f400: 636d 6f73 7365 74e2 8099 202d 2053 6574 cmosset... - Set\n+0003f410: 2062 6974 2061 7420 4259 5445 3a42 4954 bit at BYTE:BIT\n+0003f420: 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 in CMOS.. ...\n+0003f430: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f ...coreboot_boo\n+0003f440: 7474 696d 65e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 ttime... - Show \n+0003f450: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 coreboot boot ti\n+0003f460: 6d65 2073 7461 7469 7374 6963 732e 0a20 me statistics.. \n+0003f470: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9864 756d 70e2 8099 ... ...dump...\n+0003f480: 202d 2053 686f 7720 6d65 6d6f 7279 2063 - Show memory c\n+0003f490: 6f6e 7465 6e74 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ontents.. ... \n+0003f4a0: e280 9865 6669 656d 755f 6c6f 6164 636f ...efiemu_loadco\n+0003f4b0: 7265 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e64 re... - Load and\n+0003f4c0: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 4546 4920 initialize EFI \n+0003f4d0: 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 emulator.. ...\n+0003f4e0: 20e2 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f70 7265 7061 ...efiemu_prepa\n+0003f4f0: 7265 e280 9920 2d20 4669 6e61 6c69 7a65 re... - Finalize\n+0003f500: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 4546 4920 loading of EFI \n+0003f510: 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 emulator.. ...\n+0003f520: 20e2 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f75 6e6c 6f61 ...efiemu_unloa\n+0003f530: 64e2 8099 202d 2055 6e6c 6f61 6420 4546 d... - Unload EF\n+0003f540: 4920 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 I emulator.. .\n+0003f550: 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 6974 e280 9920 2d20 .. ...exit... - \n+0003f560: 4578 6974 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a Exit from GRUB..\n+0003f570: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 ... ...extrac\n+0003f580: 745f 656e 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 t_entries_config\n+0003f590: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 file... - Load a\n+0003f5a0: 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 nother config fi\n+0003f5b0: 6c65 2062 7574 2074 616b 650a 2020 2020 le but take. \n+0003f5c0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 only menu entri\n+0003f5d0: 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 es.. ... ...ex\n+0003f5e0: 7472 6163 745f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f tract_entries_so\n+0003f5f0: 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 urce... - Load a\n+0003f600: 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 nother config fi\n+0003f610: 6c65 2077 6974 686f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 le without. \n+0003f620: 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 changing context\n+0003f630: 2062 7574 2074 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d but take only m\n+0003f640: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a20 2020 enu entries.. \n+0003f650: e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f6c ... ...extract_l\n+0003f660: 6567 6163 795f 656e 7472 6965 735f 636f egacy_entries_co\n+0003f670: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 5061 nfigfile... - Pa\n+0003f680: 7273 6520 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 rse legacy confi\n+0003f690: 6720 696e 206e 6577 0a20 2020 2020 636f g in new. co\n+0003f6a0: 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c ntext taking onl\n+0003f6b0: 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 y menu entries. \n+0003f6c0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 ... ...extract\n+0003f6d0: 5f6c 6567 6163 795f 656e 7472 6965 735f _legacy_entries_\n+0003f6e0: 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 source... - Pars\n+0003f6f0: 6520 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 e legacy config \n+0003f700: 696e 2073 616d 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e in same. con\n+0003f710: 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 text taking only\n+0003f720: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 menu entries. \n+0003f730: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f ... ...extract_\n+0003f740: 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 syslinux_entries\n+0003f750: 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d _configfile... -\n+0003f760: 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 Execute syslinu\n+0003f770: 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 x config in. \n+0003f780: 206e 6577 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b new context tak\n+0003f790: 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e ing only menu en\n+0003f7a0: 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tries. ... ...\n+0003f7b0: 6578 7472 6163 745f 7379 736c 696e 7578 extract_syslinux\n+0003f7c0: 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 _entries_source.\n+0003f7d0: 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 .. - Execute sys\n+0003f7e0: 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 linux config in \n+0003f7f0: 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6578 same. contex\n+0003f800: 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 t taking only me\n+0003f810: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 nu entries. ..\n+0003f820: a220 e280 9866 616b 6562 696f 73e2 8099 . ...fakebios...\n+0003f830: 202d 2043 7265 6174 6520 4249 4f53 2d6c - Create BIOS-l\n+0003f840: 696b 6520 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2066 ike structures f\n+0003f850: 6f72 2062 6163 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 or backward comp\n+0003f860: 6174 6962 696c 6974 790a 2020 2020 2077 atibility. w\n+0003f870: 6974 6820 6578 6973 7469 6e67 204f 532e ith existing OS.\n+0003f880: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 696c 65e2 . ... ...file.\n+0003f890: 8099 202d 2043 6865 636b 2069 6620 4649 .. - Check if FI\n+0003f8a0: 4c45 2069 7320 6f66 2073 7065 6369 6669 LE is of specifi\n+0003f8b0: 6564 2074 7970 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ed type.. ... \n+0003f8c0: e280 9866 6978 5f76 6964 656f e280 9920 ...fix_video... \n+0003f8d0: 2d20 4669 7820 7669 6465 6f20 7072 6f62 - Fix video prob\n+0003f8e0: 6c65 6d2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 lem.. ... ...f\n+0003f8f0: 7073 7761 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 pswa... - Displa\n+0003f900: 7920 4650 5357 4120 7665 7273 696f 6e2e y FPSWA version.\n+0003f910: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 756e 6374 . ... ...funct\n+0003f920: 696f 6e61 6c5f 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 ional_test... - \n+0003f930: 5275 6e20 616c 6c20 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 Run all loaded f\n+0003f940: 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 7374 732e unctional tests.\n+0003f950: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9867 6462 7374 . ... ...gdbst\n+0003f960: 7562 5f62 7265 616b e280 9920 2d20 4272 ub_break... - Br\n+0003f970: 6561 6b20 696e 746f 2047 4442 0a20 2020 eak into GDB. \n+0003f980: e280 a220 e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 e280 ... ...gdbstub..\n+0003f990: 9920 2d20 5374 6172 7420 4744 4220 7374 . - Start GDB st\n+0003f9a0: 7562 206f 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 706f 7274 ub on given port\n+0003f9b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9867 6462 7374 . ... ...gdbst\n+0003f9c0: 7562 5f73 746f 70e2 8099 202d 2053 746f ub_stop... - Sto\n+0003f9d0: 7020 4744 4220 7374 7562 0a20 2020 e280 p GDB stub. ..\n+0003f9e0: a220 e280 9868 6470 6172 6de2 8099 202d . ...hdparm... -\n+0003f9f0: 2047 6574 2f73 6574 2041 5441 2064 6973 Get/set ATA dis\n+0003fa00: 6b20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 k parameters.. \n+0003fa10: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6865 7864 756d 705f ... ...hexdump_\n+0003fa20: 7261 6e64 6f6d e280 9920 2d20 4865 7864 random... - Hexd\n+0003fa30: 756d 7020 7261 6e64 6f6d 2064 6174 612e ump random data.\n+0003fa40: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e62 e280 . ... ...inb..\n+0003fa50: 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2038 2d62 6974 2076 . - Read 8-bit v\n+0003fa60: 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a alue from PORT..\n+0003fa70: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 6ce2 8099 ... ...inl...\n+0003fa80: 202d 2052 6561 6420 3332 2d62 6974 2076 - Read 32-bit v\n+0003fa90: 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a alue from PORT..\n+0003faa0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 77e2 8099 ... ...inw...\n+0003fab0: 202d 2052 6561 6420 3136 2d62 6974 2076 - Read 16-bit v\n+0003fac0: 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a alue from PORT..\n+0003fad0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6a70 6567 7465 ... ...jpegte\n+0003fae0: 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f st... - Tests lo\n+0003faf0: 6164 696e 6720 6f66 204a 5045 4720 6269 ading of JPEG bi\n+0003fb00: 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tmap.. ... ...\n+0003fb10: 6b65 796d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 keymap... - Load\n+0003fb20: 2061 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6c61 796f a keyboard layo\n+0003fb30: 7574 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 ut.. ... ...le\n+0003fb40: 6761 6379 5f63 6865 636b 5f70 6173 7377 gacy_check_passw\n+0003fb50: 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 ord... - Simulat\n+0003fb60: 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2770 e grub-legacy 'p\n+0003fb70: 6173 7377 6f72 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 assword' command\n+0003fb80: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e . in menu en\n+0003fb90: 7472 7920 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 e280 a220 try mode. ... \n+0003fba0: e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 636f 6e66 6967 ...legacy_config\n+0003fbb0: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 file... - Parse \n+0003fbc0: 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e legacy config in\n+0003fbd0: 206e 6577 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 new context. \n+0003fbe0: e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 7061 ... ...legacy_pa\n+0003fbf0: 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 ssword... - Simu\n+0003fc00: 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 late grub-legacy\n+0003fc10: 2027 7061 7373 776f 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 'password' comm\n+0003fc20: 616e 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 and. ... ...le\n+0003fc30: 6761 6379 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d gacy_source... -\n+0003fc40: 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f Parse legacy co\n+0003fc50: 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e nfig in same con\n+0003fc60: 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c text. ... ...l\n+0003fc70: 6f61 6462 696f 73e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 oadbios... - Loa\n+0003fc80: 6420 4249 4f53 2064 756d 702e 0a20 2020 d BIOS dump.. \n+0003fc90: e280 a220 e280 986c 7361 6370 69e2 8099 ... ...lsacpi...\n+0003fca0: 202d 2053 686f 7720 4143 5049 2069 6e66 - Show ACPI inf\n+0003fcb0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ormation.. ...\n+0003fcc0: 20e2 8098 6c73 6170 6de2 8099 202d 2053 ...lsapm... - S\n+0003fcd0: 686f 7720 4150 4d20 696e 666f 726d 6174 how APM informat\n+0003fce0: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c ion.. ... ...l\n+0003fcf0: 7363 6f72 6562 6f6f 74e2 8099 202d 204c scoreboot... - L\n+0003fd00: 6973 7420 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2074 6162 ist coreboot tab\n+0003fd10: 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c les.. ... ...l\n+0003fd20: 7364 6576 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2064 sdev... - List d\n+0003fd30: 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 evices.. ... .\n+0003fd40: 8098 6c73 6566 69e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 ..lsefi... - Dis\n+0003fd50: 706c 6179 2045 4649 2068 616e 646c 6573 play EFI handles\n+0003fd60: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 .. ... ...lsef\n+0003fd70: 696d 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c immap... - Displ\n+0003fd80: 6179 2045 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 ay EFI memory ma\n+0003fd90: 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 p.. ... ...lse\n+0003fda0: 6669 7379 7374 6162 e280 9920 2d20 4469 fisystab... - Di\n+0003fdb0: 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d splay EFI system\n+0003fdc0: 2074 6162 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 tables.. ... \n+0003fdd0: e280 986c 736d 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 204c ...lsmmap... - L\n+0003fde0: 6973 7420 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2070 ist memory map p\n+0003fdf0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 rovided by firmw\n+0003fe00: 6172 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c are.. ... ...l\n+0003fe10: 7370 6369 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2050 spci... - List P\n+0003fe20: 4349 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 CI devices.. .\n+0003fe30: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7361 6ce2 8099 202d .. ...lssal... -\n+0003fe40: 2044 6973 706c 6179 2053 414c 2073 7973 Display SAL sys\n+0003fe50: 7465 6d20 7461 626c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 tem table.. ..\n+0003fe60: a220 e280 986c 7373 7064 e280 9920 2d20 . ...lsspd... - \n+0003fe70: 5072 696e 7420 4d65 6d6f 7279 2069 6e66 Print Memory inf\n+0003fe80: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ormation.. ...\n+0003fe90: 20e2 8098 6d61 6370 7063 626c 6573 73e2 ...macppcbless.\n+0003fea0: 8099 202d 2042 6c65 7373 2044 4952 206f .. - Bless DIR o\n+0003feb0: 6620 4846 5320 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 7061 f HFS or HFS+ pa\n+0003fec0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 5050 4320 rtition for PPC \n+0003fed0: 6d61 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 macs.. ... ...\n+0003fee0: 6d61 6374 656c 626c 6573 73e2 8099 202d mactelbless... -\n+0003fef0: 2042 6c65 7373 2046 494c 4520 6f66 2048 Bless FILE of H\n+0003ff00: 4653 206f 7220 4846 532b 2070 6172 7469 FS or HFS+ parti\n+0003ff10: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 6e74 656c 206d tion for intel m\n+0003ff20: 6163 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986e acs.. ... ...n\n+0003ff30: 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6ee2 8099 202d et_set_vlan... -\n+0003ff40: 2053 6574 2061 6e20 696e 7465 7266 6163 Set an interfac\n+0003ff50: 6527 7320 766c 616e 2069 642e 0a20 2020 e's vlan id.. \n+0003ff60: e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 62e2 8099 202d ... ...outb... -\n+0003ff70: 2057 7269 7465 2038 2d62 6974 2056 414c Write 8-bit VAL\n+0003ff80: 5545 2074 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 UE to PORT.. .\n+0003ff90: 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 746c e280 9920 2d20 .. ...outl... - \n+0003ffa0: 5772 6974 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2056 414c Write 32-bit VAL\n+0003ffb0: 5545 2074 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 UE to PORT.. .\n+0003ffc0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 7477 e280 9920 2d20 .. ...outw... - \n+0003ffd0: 5772 6974 6520 3136 2d62 6974 2056 414c Write 16-bit VAL\n+0003ffe0: 5545 2074 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 UE to PORT.. .\n+0003fff0: 80a2 20e2 8098 7063 6964 756d 70e2 8099 .. ...pcidump...\n+00040000: 202d 2053 686f 7720 7261 7720 6475 6d70 - Show raw dump\n+00040010: 206f 6620 7468 6520 5043 4920 636f 6e66 of the PCI conf\n+00040020: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7370 6163 652e iguration space.\n+00040030: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 6e67 7465 . ... ...pngte\n+00040040: 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f st... - Tests lo\n+00040050: 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2050 4e47 2062 6974 ading of PNG bit\n+00040060: 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 map.. ... ...r\n+00040070: 6561 645f 6279 7465 e280 9920 2d20 5265 ead_byte... - Re\n+00040080: 6164 2038 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 ad 8-bit value f\n+00040090: 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 rom ADDR.. ...\n+000400a0: 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f64 776f 7264 e280 ...read_dword..\n+000400b0: 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2033 322d 6269 7420 . - Read 32-bit \n+000400c0: 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e value from ADDR.\n+000400d0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 645f . ... ...read_\n+000400e0: 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2031 word... - Read 1\n+000400f0: 362d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 6-bit value from\n+00040100: 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ADDR.. ... ..\n+00040110: 9873 6574 7063 69e2 8099 202d 204d 616e .setpci... - Man\n+00040120: 6970 756c 6174 6520 5043 4920 6465 7669 ipulate PCI devi\n+00040130: 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 ces.. ... ...s\n+00040140: 7573 7065 6e64 e280 9920 2d20 5265 7475 uspend... - Retu\n+00040150: 726e 2074 6f20 4945 4545 3132 3735 2070 rn to IEEE1275 p\n+00040160: 726f 6d70 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 rompt.. ... ..\n+00040170: 9873 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 636f 6e66 6967 .syslinux_config\n+00040180: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 file... - Execut\n+00040190: 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 e syslinux confi\n+000401a0: 6720 696e 206e 6577 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 g in new context\n+000401b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 7973 6c69 . ... ...sysli\n+000401c0: 6e75 785f 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 nux_source... - \n+000401d0: 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 Execute syslinux\n+000401e0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 6520 config in same \n+000401f0: 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 context. ... .\n+00040200: 8098 7465 7374 5f62 6c6f 636b 6172 67e2 ..test_blockarg.\n+00040210: 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 2061 6e64 2065 .. - Print and e\n+00040220: 7865 6375 7465 2062 6c6f 636b 2061 7267 xecute block arg\n+00040230: 756d 656e 742e 2c20 300a 2020 20e2 80a2 ument., 0. ...\n+00040240: 20e2 8098 7465 7374 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 ...testload... \n+00040250: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 - Load the same \n+00040260: 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 file in multiple\n+00040270: 2077 6179 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ways.. ... ..\n+00040280: 9874 6573 7473 7065 6564 e280 9920 2d20 .testspeed... - \n+00040290: 5465 7374 2066 696c 6520 7265 6164 2073 Test file read s\n+000402a0: 7065 6564 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 peed.. ... ...\n+000402b0: 7467 6174 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 tgatest... - Tes\n+000402c0: 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 5447 ts loading of TG\n+000402d0: 4120 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 A bitmap.. ...\n+000402e0: 20e2 8098 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 4d65 ...time... - Me\n+000402f0: 6173 7572 6520 7469 6d65 2075 7365 6420 asure time used \n+00040300: 6279 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 0a20 2020 e280 by COMMAND. ..\n+00040310: a220 e280 9874 72e2 8099 202d 2054 7261 . ...tr... - Tra\n+00040320: 6e73 6c61 7465 2053 4554 3120 6368 6172 nslate SET1 char\n+00040330: 6163 7465 7273 2074 6f20 5345 5432 2069 acters to SET2 i\n+00040340: 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 n STRING.. ...\n+00040350: 20e2 8098 7573 62e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 ...usb... - Tes\n+00040360: 7420 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a20 t USB support.. \n+00040370: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9876 6265 696e 666f ... ...vbeinfo\n+00040380: e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2061 7661 696c ... - List avail\n+00040390: 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6573 able video modes\n+000403a0: 2e20 2049 6620 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e . If resolution\n+000403b0: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 2073 is given. s\n+000403c0: 686f 7720 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f64 6573 206d how only modes m\n+000403d0: 6174 6368 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 2020 20e2 atching it.. .\n+000403e0: 80a2 20e2 8098 7662 6574 6573 74e2 8099 .. ...vbetest...\n+000403f0: 202d 2054 6573 7420 7669 6465 6f20 7375 - Test video su\n+00040400: 6273 7973 7465 6d2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 bsystem.. ... \n+00040410: e280 9876 6964 656f 7465 7374 e280 9920 ...videotest... \n+00040420: 2d20 5465 7374 2076 6964 656f 2073 7562 - Test video sub\n+00040430: 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 2057 system in mode W\n+00040440: 7848 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 xH.. ... ...wr\n+00040450: 6974 655f 6279 7465 e280 9920 2d20 5772 ite_byte... - Wr\n+00040460: 6974 6520 382d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 ite 8-bit VALUE \n+00040470: 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 to ADDR.. ... \n+00040480: e280 9877 7269 7465 5f64 776f 7264 e280 ...write_dword..\n+00040490: 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 3332 2d62 6974 . - Write 32-bit\n+000404a0: 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a VALUE to ADDR..\n+000404b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f ... ...write_\n+000404c0: 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 word... - Write \n+000404d0: 3136 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 16-bit VALUE to \n+000404e0: 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ADDR.. ... ...\n+000404f0: 7865 6e5f 6361 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 xen_cat... - Lis\n+00040500: 7420 5865 6e20 7374 6f72 6167 652e 0a20 t Xen storage.. \n+00040510: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 656e 5f6c 73e2 ... ...xen_ls.\n+00040520: 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 5865 6e20 7374 .. - List Xen st\n+00040530: 6f72 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 orage.. ... ..\n+00040540: 9878 6e75 5f64 6576 7072 6f70 5f6c 6f61 .xnu_devprop_loa\n+00040550: 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 2764 6576 d... - Load 'dev\n+00040560: 6963 652d 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2720 ice-properties' \n+00040570: 6475 6d70 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 dump.. ... ...\n+00040580: 786e 755f 7575 6964 e280 9920 2d20 5472 xnu_uuid... - Tr\n+00040590: 616e 7366 6f72 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 2055 ansform 64-bit U\n+000405a0: 5549 4420 746f 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 7375 UID to format su\n+000405b0: 6974 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2058 4e55 2e20 itable for XNU. \n+000405c0: 4966 0a20 2020 2020 2d6c 2069 7320 6769 If. -l is gi\n+000405d0: 7665 6e20 6b65 6570 2069 7420 6c6f 7765 ven keep it lowe\n+000405e0: 7263 6173 6520 6173 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 rcase as done by\n+000405f0: 2062 6c6b 6964 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 blkid.. ... .\n+00040600: 8098 7a66 732d 626f 6f74 6673 e280 9920 ..zfs-bootfs... \n+00040610: 2d20 5072 696e 7420 5a46 532d 424f 4f54 - Print ZFS-BOOT\n+00040620: 4653 4f42 4a20 6f72 2073 746f 7265 2069 FSOBJ or store i\n+00040630: 7420 696e 746f 2056 4152 4941 424c 450a t into VARIABLE.\n+00040640: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 7369 6e66 ... ...zfsinf\n+00040650: 6fe2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 205a 4653 o... - Print ZFS\n+00040660: 2069 6e66 6f20 6162 6f75 7420 4445 5649 info about DEVI\n+00040670: 4345 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 CE.. ... ...zf\n+00040680: 736b 6579 e280 9920 2d20 496d 706f 7274 skey... - Import\n+00040690: 205a 4653 2077 7261 7070 696e 6720 6b65 ZFS wrapping ke\n+000406a0: 7920 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 y stored in FILE\n+000406b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000406c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 info, Node: Int\n+000406d0: 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f ernationalisatio\n+000406e0: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 6375 7269 n, Next: Securi\n+000406f0: 7479 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ty, Prev: Comma\n+00040700: 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 nds, Up: Top..1\n+00040710: 3820 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 8 Internationali\n+00040720: 7361 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a sation.*********\n+00040730: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+00040740: 3138 2e31 2043 6861 7273 6574 0a3d 3d3d 18.1 Charset.===\n+00040750: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 =========..GRUB \n+00040760: 7573 6573 2055 5446 2d38 2069 6e74 6572 uses UTF-8 inter\n+00040770: 6e61 6c6c 7920 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e nally other than\n+00040780: 2069 6e20 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7768 in rendering wh\n+00040790: 6572 6520 736f 6d65 0a47 5255 422d 7370 ere some.GRUB-sp\n+000407a0: 6563 6966 6963 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 ecific appropria\n+000407b0: 7465 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6174 696f te representatio\n+000407c0: 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642e 2020 416c 6c20 n is used. All \n+000407d0: 7465 7874 2066 696c 6573 0a28 696e 636c text files.(incl\n+000407e0: 7564 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2920 6172 uding config) ar\n+000407f0: 6520 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 e assumed to be \n+00040800: 656e 636f 6465 6420 696e 2055 5446 2d38 encoded in UTF-8\n+00040810: 2e0a 0a31 382e 3220 4669 6c65 7379 7374 ...18.2 Filesyst\n+00040820: 656d 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ems.============\n+00040830: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4e54 4653 2c20 4a46 532c ====..NTFS, JFS,\n+00040840: 2055 4446 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 6578 4641 UDF, HFS+, exFA\n+00040850: 542c 206c 6f6e 6720 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 T, long filename\n+00040860: 7320 696e 2046 4154 2c20 4a6f 6c69 6574 s in FAT, Joliet\n+00040870: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 0a49 534f 3936 3630 part of.ISO9660\n+00040880: 2061 7265 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 are treated as \n+00040890: 5554 462d 3136 2061 7320 7065 7220 7370 UTF-16 as per sp\n+000408a0: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4146 ecification. AF\n+000408b0: 5320 616e 6420 4246 5320 6172 650a 7265 S and BFS are.re\n+000408c0: 6164 2061 7320 5554 462d 382c 2061 6761 ad as UTF-8, aga\n+000408d0: 696e 2061 6363 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 in according to \n+000408e0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 specification. \n+000408f0: 4274 7246 532c 2063 7069 6f2c 2074 6172 BtrFS, cpio, tar\n+00040900: 2c0a 7371 7561 7368 342c 206d 696e 6978 ,.squash4, minix\n+00040910: 2c20 6d69 6e69 7832 2c20 6d69 6e69 7833 , minix2, minix3\n+00040920: 2c20 524f 4d46 532c 2052 6569 7365 7246 , ROMFS, ReiserF\n+00040930: 532c 2058 4653 2c20 6578 7432 2c20 6578 S, XFS, ext2, ex\n+00040940: 7433 2c20 6578 7434 2c0a 4641 5420 2873 t3, ext4,.FAT (s\n+00040950: 686f 7274 206e 616d 6573 292c 2046 3246 hort names), F2F\n+00040960: 532c 2052 6f63 6b52 6964 6765 2070 6172 S, RockRidge par\n+00040970: 7420 6f66 2049 534f 3936 3630 2c20 6e69 t of ISO9660, ni\n+00040980: 6c66 7332 2c20 5546 5331 2c20 5546 5332 lfs2, UFS1, UFS2\n+00040990: 0a61 6e64 205a 4653 2061 7265 2061 7373 .and ZFS are ass\n+000409a0: 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2055 5446 2d38 umed to be UTF-8\n+000409b0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d69 6768 7420 6265 . This might be\n+000409c0: 2066 616c 7365 206f 6e20 7379 7374 656d false on system\n+000409d0: 730a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 6974 s.configured wit\n+000409e0: 6820 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6861 7273 6574 h legacy charset\n+000409f0: 2062 7574 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 but as long as \n+00040a00: 7468 6520 6368 6172 7365 7420 7573 6564 the charset used\n+00040a10: 2069 730a 7375 7065 7273 6574 206f 6620 is.superset of \n+00040a20: 4153 4349 4920 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 ASCII you should\n+00040a30: 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6163 6365 be able to acce\n+00040a40: 7373 2041 5343 4949 2d6e 616d 6564 2066 ss ASCII-named f\n+00040a50: 696c 6573 2e20 2041 6e64 0a69 7427 7320 iles. And.it's \n+00040a60: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 746f 2063 recommended to c\n+00040a70: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2079 6f75 7220 7379 onfigure your sy\n+00040a80: 7374 656d 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5554 462d stem to use UTF-\n+00040a90: 3820 746f 2061 6363 6573 7320 7468 650a 8 to access the.\n+00040aa0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 636f 6e76 filesystem, conv\n+00040ab0: 6d76 206d 6179 2068 656c 7020 7769 7468 mv may help with\n+00040ac0: 206d 6967 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 534f migration. ISO\n+00040ad0: 3936 3630 2028 706c 6169 6e29 2066 696c 9660 (plain) fil\n+00040ae0: 656e 616d 6573 0a61 7265 2073 7065 6369 enames.are speci\n+00040af0: 6669 6564 2061 7320 6265 696e 6720 4153 fied as being AS\n+00040b00: 4349 4920 6f72 2062 6569 6e67 2064 6573 CII or being des\n+00040b10: 6372 6962 6564 2077 6974 6820 756e 7370 cribed with unsp\n+00040b20: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6573 6361 7065 0a73 ecified escape.s\n+00040b30: 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2047 5255 4220 equences. GRUB \n+00040b40: 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 assumes that the\n+00040b50: 2049 534f 3936 3630 206e 616d 6573 2061 ISO9660 names a\n+00040b60: 7265 2055 5446 2d38 2028 7369 6e63 6520 re UTF-8 (since \n+00040b70: 616e 790a 4153 4349 4920 6973 2076 616c any.ASCII is val\n+00040b80: 6964 2055 5446 2d38 292e 2020 5468 6572 id UTF-8). Ther\n+00040b90: 6520 6172 6520 736f 6d65 206f 6c64 2043 e are some old C\n+00040ba0: 442d 524f 4d73 2077 6869 6368 2075 7365 D-ROMs which use\n+00040bb0: 2043 5034 3337 2069 6e0a 6e6f 6e2d 636f CP437 in.non-co\n+00040bc0: 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7761 792e 2020 596f mpliant way. Yo\n+00040bd0: 7527 7265 2073 7469 6c6c 2061 626c 6520 u're still able \n+00040be0: 746f 2061 6363 6573 7320 6669 6c65 7320 to access files \n+00040bf0: 7769 7468 206e 616d 6573 0a63 6f6e 7461 with names.conta\n+00040c00: 696e 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 2041 5343 4949 ining only ASCII\n+00040c10: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6f6e 2073 characters on s\n+00040c20: 7563 6820 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 uch filesystems \n+00040c30: 7468 6f75 6768 2e20 2059 6f75 2772 650a though. You're.\n+00040c40: 616c 736f 2061 626c 6520 746f 2061 6363 also able to acc\n+00040c50: 6573 7320 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2069 6620 ess any file if \n+00040c60: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2063 the filesystem c\n+00040c70: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7661 6c69 6420 4a6f ontains valid Jo\n+00040c80: 6c69 6574 0a28 5554 462d 3136 2920 6f72 liet.(UTF-16) or\n+00040c90: 2052 6f63 6b52 6964 6765 2028 5554 462d RockRidge (UTF-\n+00040ca0: 3829 2e20 2041 4646 532c 2053 4653 2061 8). AFFS, SFS a\n+00040cb0: 6e64 2048 4653 206e 6576 6572 2075 7365 nd HFS never use\n+00040cc0: 2075 6e69 636f 6465 2061 6e64 0a47 5255 unicode and.GRU\n+00040cd0: 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 656d 2074 B assumes them t\n+00040ce0: 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 4c61 7469 6e31 2c20 o be in Latin1, \n+00040cf0: 4c61 7469 6e31 2061 6e64 204d 6163 526f Latin1 and MacRo\n+00040d00: 6d61 6e20 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 man respectively\n+00040d10: 2e0a 4752 5542 2068 616e 646c 6573 2066 ..GRUB handles f\n+00040d20: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6361 7365 2d69 ilesystem case-i\n+00040d30: 6e73 656e 7369 7469 7669 7479 2068 6f77 nsensitivity how\n+00040d40: 6576 6572 206e 6f20 6174 7465 6d70 7420 ever no attempt \n+00040d50: 6973 0a70 6572 666f 726d 6564 2061 7420 is.performed at \n+00040d60: 6361 7365 2063 6f6e 7665 7273 696f 6e20 case conversion \n+00040d70: 6f66 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c of international\n+00040d80: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 736f 2065 characters so e\n+00040d90: 2e67 2e20 2061 2066 696c 650a 6e61 6d65 .g. a file.name\n+00040da0: 6420 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 6520 6772 6565 d lowercase gree\n+00040db0: 6b20 616c 7068 6120 6973 2074 7265 6174 k alpha is treat\n+00040dc0: 6564 2061 7320 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 ed as different \n+00040dd0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 206e 616d from the one nam\n+00040de0: 6564 0a61 7320 7570 7065 7263 6173 6520 ed.as uppercase \n+00040df0: 616c 7068 612e 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 alpha. The file\n+00040e00: 7379 7374 656d 7320 696e 2071 7565 7374 systems in quest\n+00040e10: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 204e 5446 5320 2865 ions are NTFS (e\n+00040e20: 7863 6570 7420 504f 5349 580a 6e61 6d65 xcept POSIX.name\n+00040e30: 7370 6163 6529 2c20 4846 532b 2028 636f space), HFS+ (co\n+00040e40: 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2061 7420 6d6b nfigurable at mk\n+00040e50: 6673 2074 696d 652c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 fs time, default\n+00040e60: 2069 6e73 656e 7369 7469 7665 292c 2053 insensitive), S\n+00040e70: 4653 0a28 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 FS.(configurable\n+00040e80: 2061 7420 6d6b 6673 2074 696d 652c 2064 at mkfs time, d\n+00040e90: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e73 656e 7369 7469 efault insensiti\n+00040ea0: 7665 292c 204a 4653 2028 636f 6e66 6967 ve), JFS (config\n+00040eb0: 7572 6162 6c65 2061 740a 6d6b 6673 2074 urable at.mkfs t\n+00040ec0: 696d 652c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 656e ime, default sen\n+00040ed0: 7369 7469 7665 292c 2048 4653 2c20 4146 sitive), HFS, AF\n+00040ee0: 4653 2c20 4641 542c 2065 7846 4154 2061 FS, FAT, exFAT a\n+00040ef0: 6e64 205a 4653 0a28 636f 6e66 6967 7572 nd ZFS.(configur\n+00040f00: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7065 722d 7375 6276 able on per-subv\n+00040f10: 6f6c 756d 6520 6261 7369 7320 6279 2070 olume basis by p\n+00040f20: 726f 7065 7274 7920 2263 6173 6573 656e roperty \"casesen\n+00040f30: 7369 7469 7669 7479 222c 0a64 6566 6175 sitivity\",.defau\n+00040f40: 6c74 2073 656e 7369 7469 7665 292e 2020 lt sensitive). \n+00040f50: 4f6e 205a 4653 2073 7562 766f 6c75 6d65 On ZFS subvolume\n+00040f60: 7320 6d61 726b 6564 2061 7320 6361 7365 s marked as case\n+00040f70: 2069 6e73 656e 7369 7469 7665 2066 696c insensitive fil\n+00040f80: 6573 0a63 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6c6f es.containing lo\n+00040f90: 7765 7263 6173 6520 696e 7465 726e 6174 wercase internat\n+00040fa0: 696f 6e61 6c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 ional characters\n+00040fb0: 2061 7265 2069 6e61 6363 6573 7369 626c are inaccessibl\n+00040fc0: 652e 2020 416c 736f 0a6c 696b 6520 616c e. Also.like al\n+00040fd0: 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6669 6c65 l supported file\n+00040fe0: 7379 7374 656d 7320 6578 6365 7074 2048 systems except H\n+00040ff0: 4653 2b20 616e 6420 5a46 5320 2863 6f6e FS+ and ZFS (con\n+00041000: 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 6f6e 0a70 6572 figurable on.per\n+00041010: 2d73 7562 766f 6c75 6d65 2062 6173 6973 -subvolume basis\n+00041020: 2062 7920 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2022 6e6f by property \"no\n+00041030: 726d 616c 697a 6174 696f 6e22 2c20 6465 rmalization\", de\n+00041040: 6661 756c 7420 6e6f 6e65 2920 4752 5542 fault none) GRUB\n+00041050: 0a6d 616b 6573 206e 6f20 6174 7465 6d70 .makes no attemp\n+00041060: 7420 6174 2063 6865 636b 206f 6620 6361 t at check of ca\n+00041070: 6e6f 6e69 6361 6c20 6571 7569 7661 6c65 nonical equivale\n+00041080: 6e63 6520 736f 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 nce so a file na\n+00041090: 6d65 0a75 2d64 6961 7265 7369 7320 6973 me.u-diaresis is\n+000410a0: 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 6469 7374 treated as dist\n+000410b0: 696e 6374 2066 726f 6d20 752b 636f 6d62 inct from u+comb\n+000410c0: 696e 696e 6720 6469 6172 6573 6973 2e20 ining diaresis. \n+000410d0: 2054 6869 730a 686f 7765 7665 7220 6d65 This.however me\n+000410e0: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 ans that in orde\n+000410f0: 7220 746f 2061 6363 6573 7320 6669 6c65 r to access file\n+00041100: 206f 6e20 4846 532b 2069 7473 206e 616d on HFS+ its nam\n+00041110: 6520 6d75 7374 2062 650a 7370 6563 6966 e must be.specif\n+00041120: 6965 6420 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c69 7361 ied in normalisa\n+00041130: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 6d20 442e 204f 6e20 tion form D. On \n+00041140: 6e6f 726d 616c 697a 6564 205a 4653 2073 normalized ZFS s\n+00041150: 7562 766f 6c75 6d65 730a 6669 6c65 6e61 ubvolumes.filena\n+00041160: 6d65 7320 6f75 7420 6f66 206e 6f72 6d61 mes out of norma\n+00041170: 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2061 7265 2069 6e61 lisation are ina\n+00041180: 6363 6573 7369 626c 652e 0a0a 3138 2e33 ccessible...18.3\n+00041190: 204f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c Output terminal\n+000411a0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+000411b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a46 6972 6d77 6172 6520 =====..Firmware \n+000411c0: 6f75 7470 7574 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2022 output console \"\n+000411d0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6522 206f 6e20 4152 4320 console\" on ARC \n+000411e0: 616e 6420 4945 4545 3132 3735 2061 7265 and IEEE1275 are\n+000411f0: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f0a 4153 4349 limited to.ASCI\n+00041200: 492e 0a0a 2020 2042 494f 5320 6669 726d I... BIOS firm\n+00041210: 7761 7265 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6e64 ware console and\n+00041220: 2056 4741 2074 6578 7420 6172 6520 6c69 VGA text are li\n+00041230: 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2041 5343 4949 2061 mited to ASCII a\n+00041240: 6e64 2073 6f6d 650a 7073 6575 646f 6772 nd some.pseudogr\n+00041250: 6170 6869 6373 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e65 aphics... None\n+00041260: 206f 6620 6162 6f76 6520 6d65 6e74 696f of above mentio\n+00041270: 6e65 6420 6973 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 ned is appropria\n+00041280: 7465 2066 6f72 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e te for displayin\n+00041290: 6720 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c0a g international.\n+000412a0: 616e 6420 616e 7920 756e 7375 7070 6f72 and any unsuppor\n+000412b0: 7465 6420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 6973 ted character is\n+000412c0: 2072 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 7468 2071 replaced with q\n+000412d0: 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6d61 726b 2065 7863 uestion mark exc\n+000412e0: 6570 740a 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 ept.pseudographi\n+000412f0: 6373 2077 6869 6368 2077 6520 6174 7465 cs which we atte\n+00041300: 6d70 7420 746f 2061 7070 726f 7869 6d61 mpt to approxima\n+00041310: 7465 2077 6974 6820 4153 4349 492e 0a0a te with ASCII...\n+00041320: 2020 2045 4649 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f EFI console o\n+00041330: 6e20 7468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 6861 6e64 n the other hand\n+00041340: 206e 6f6d 696e 616c 6c79 2073 7570 706f nominally suppo\n+00041350: 7274 7320 5554 462d 3136 2062 7574 2061 rts UTF-16 but a\n+00041360: 6374 7561 6c0a 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 ctual.language c\n+00041370: 6f76 6572 6167 6520 6465 7065 6e64 7320 overage depends \n+00041380: 6f6e 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 616e 6420 on firmware and \n+00041390: 6d61 7920 6265 2076 6572 7920 6c69 6d69 may be very limi\n+000413a0: 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6e63 ted... The enc\n+000413b0: 6f64 696e 6720 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7365 oding used on se\n+000413c0: 7269 616c 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 6f73 rial can be chos\n+000413d0: 656e 2077 6974 6820 e280 9874 6572 6d69 en with ...termi\n+000413e0: 6e66 6fe2 8099 2061 7320 6569 7468 6572 nfo... as either\n+000413f0: 0a41 5343 4949 2c20 5554 462d 3820 6f72 .ASCII, UTF-8 or\n+00041400: 2022 7669 7375 616c 2055 5446 2d38 222e \"visual UTF-8\".\n+00041410: 2020 4c61 7374 206f 6e65 2069 7320 6167 Last one is ag\n+00041420: 6169 6e73 7420 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 ainst the specif\n+00041430: 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 6275 7420 7265 7375 ication.but resu\n+00041440: 6c74 7320 696e 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2072 lts in correct r\n+00041450: 656e 6465 7269 6e67 206f 6620 7269 6768 endering of righ\n+00041460: 742d 746f 2d6c 6566 7420 6f6e 2073 6f6d t-to-left on som\n+00041470: 6520 7265 6164 6572 7320 7768 6963 680a e readers which.\n+00041480: 646f 6e27 7420 6861 7665 206f 776e 2062 don't have own b\n+00041490: 6964 6920 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 idi implementati\n+000414a0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2065 6d75 2047 on... On emu G\n+000414b0: 5255 4220 6368 6563 6b73 2069 6620 6368 RUB checks if ch\n+000414c0: 6172 7365 7420 6973 2055 5446 2d38 2061 arset is UTF-8 a\n+000414d0: 6e64 2075 7365 7320 6974 2069 6620 736f nd uses it if so\n+000414e0: 2061 6e64 2075 7365 730a 4153 4349 4920 and uses.ASCII \n+000414f0: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e 0a0a 2020 2057 otherwise... W\n+00041500: 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 6766 7874 6572 hen using gfxter\n+00041510: 6d20 6f72 2067 6678 6d65 6e75 2047 5255 m or gfxmenu GRU\n+00041520: 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2069 7320 7265 7370 B itself is resp\n+00041530: 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 720a 7265 6e64 onsible for.rend\n+00041540: 6572 696e 6720 7468 6520 7465 7874 2e20 ering the text. \n+00041550: 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 4752 In this case GR\n+00041560: 5542 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 UB is limited by\n+00041570: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732e 2020 loaded fonts. \n+00041580: 4966 0a66 6f6e 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 696e If.fonts contain\n+00041590: 2061 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 6368 all required ch\n+000415a0: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2074 6865 6e20 6269 aracters then bi\n+000415b0: 6469 7265 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 7874 directional text\n+000415c0: 2c20 6375 7273 6976 650a 7661 7269 616e , cursive.varian\n+000415d0: 7473 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d 6269 6e69 6e67 ts and combining\n+000415e0: 206d 6172 6b73 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 marks other tha\n+000415f0: 6e20 656e 636c 6f73 696e 672c 2068 616c n enclosing, hal\n+00041600: 6620 2865 2e67 2e20 206c 6566 7420 6861 f (e.g. left ha\n+00041610: 6c66 0a74 696c 6465 206f 7220 636f 6d62 lf.tilde or comb\n+00041620: 696e 696e 6720 6f76 6572 6c69 6e65 2920 ining overline) \n+00041630: 616e 6420 646f 7562 6c65 206f 6e65 732e and double ones.\n+00041640: 2020 4c69 6761 7475 7265 7320 6172 656e Ligatures aren\n+00041650: 2774 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2074 686f 't.supported tho\n+00041660: 7567 682e 2020 5468 6973 2073 686f 756c ugh. This shoul\n+00041670: 6420 636f 7665 7220 4575 726f 7065 616e d cover European\n+00041680: 2c20 4d69 6464 6c65 2045 6173 7465 726e , Middle Eastern\n+00041690: 2028 6966 2079 6f75 0a64 6f6e 2774 206d (if you.don't m\n+000416a0: 696e 6420 6c61 636b 206f 6620 6c61 6d2d ind lack of lam-\n+000416b0: 616c 6966 206c 6967 6174 7572 6520 696e alif ligature in\n+000416c0: 2041 7261 6269 6329 2061 6e64 2045 6173 Arabic) and Eas\n+000416d0: 7420 4173 6961 6e20 7363 7269 7074 732e t Asian scripts.\n+000416e0: 0a4e 6f74 6162 6c65 2075 6e73 7570 706f .Notable unsuppo\n+000416f0: 7274 6564 2073 6372 6970 7473 2061 7265 rted scripts are\n+00041700: 2042 7261 686d 6963 2066 616d 696c 7920 Brahmic family \n+00041710: 616e 6420 6465 7269 7665 6420 6173 2077 and derived as w\n+00041720: 656c 6c20 6173 0a4d 6f6e 676f 6c69 616e ell as.Mongolian\n+00041730: 2c20 5469 6669 6e61 6768 2c20 4b6f 7265 , Tifinagh, Kore\n+00041740: 616e 204a 616d 6f20 2870 7265 636f 6d70 an Jamo (precomp\n+00041750: 6f73 6564 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 osed characters \n+00041760: 6861 7665 206e 6f0a 7072 6f62 6c65 6d29 have no.problem)\n+00041770: 2061 6e64 2074 6f6e 616c 2077 7269 7469 and tonal writi\n+00041780: 6e67 2028 3265 352d 3265 3929 2e20 2047 ng (2e5-2e9). G\n+00041790: 5255 4220 616c 736f 2069 676e 6f72 6573 RUB also ignores\n+000417a0: 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 2861 730a deprecated (as.\n+000417b0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2055 6e69 specified in Uni\n+000417c0: 636f 6465 2920 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 code) characters\n+000417d0: 2028 652e 672e 2020 7461 6773 292e 2020 (e.g. tags). \n+000417e0: 4752 5542 2061 6c73 6f20 646f 6573 6e27 GRUB also doesn'\n+000417f0: 7420 6861 6e64 6c65 0a73 6f20 6361 6c6c t handle.so call\n+00041800: 6564 2022 616e 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2063 ed \"annotation c\n+00041810: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7322 2049 6620 796f haracters\" If yo\n+00041820: 7520 6361 6e20 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 2065 u can complete e\n+00041830: 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 776f 0a6c 6973 ither of two.lis\n+00041840: 7473 206f 722c 2062 6574 7465 722c 2070 ts or, better, p\n+00041850: 726f 706f 7365 2061 2070 6174 6368 2074 ropose a patch t\n+00041860: 6f20 696d 7072 6f76 6520 7265 6e64 6572 o improve render\n+00041870: 696e 672c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 636f 6e74 ing, please cont\n+00041880: 6163 740a 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 7465 act.developer te\n+00041890: 616d 2e0a 0a31 382e 3420 496e 7075 7420 am...18.4 Input \n+000418a0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d terminal.=======\n+000418b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4669 ============..Fi\n+000418c0: 726d 7761 7265 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f rmware console o\n+000418d0: 6e20 4249 4f53 2c20 4945 4545 3132 3735 n BIOS, IEEE1275\n+000418e0: 2061 6e64 2041 5243 2064 6f65 736e 2774 and ARC doesn't\n+000418f0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 2079 6f75 2074 6f20 656e allow you to en\n+00041900: 7465 720a 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 6368 ter.non-ASCII ch\n+00041910: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2e20 2045 4649 2073 aracters. EFI s\n+00041920: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6c6c pecification all\n+00041930: 6f77 7320 666f 7220 7375 6368 2062 7574 ows for such but\n+00041940: 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 0a75 6e61 7761 author is.unawa\n+00041950: 7265 206f 6620 616e 7920 6163 7475 616c re of any actual\n+00041960: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e73 implementations\n+00041970: 2e20 2053 6572 6961 6c20 696e 7075 7420 . Serial input \n+00041980: 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a6c 696d is currently.lim\n+00041990: 6974 6564 2066 6f72 206c 6174 696e 3120 ited for latin1 \n+000419a0: 2875 6e6c 696b 656c 7920 746f 2063 6861 (unlikely to cha\n+000419b0: 6e67 6529 2e20 204f 776e 206b 6579 626f nge). 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In p\n+00041a80: 7261 6374 6963 6520 6974 206d 616b 6573 ractice it makes\n+00041a90: 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f0a 656e difficult to.en\n+00041aa0: 7465 7220 616e 7920 7465 7874 2075 7369 ter any text usi\n+00041ab0: 6e67 206e 6f6e 2d4c 6174 696e 2061 6c70 ng non-Latin alp\n+00041ac0: 6861 6265 742e 2020 4d6f 7265 6f76 6572 habet. 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(*\n+00042080: 6e6f 7465 2074 6573 743a 3a29 2074 6573 note test::) tes\n+00042090: 7473 203c 2c20 3e2c 203c 3d2c 0a3e 3d2c ts <, >, <=,.>=,\n+000420a0: 202d 7067 7420 616e 6420 2d70 6c74 2063 -pgt and -plt c\n+000420b0: 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e ompare the strin\n+000420c0: 6773 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6c65 7869 636f gs in the lexico\n+000420d0: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 6465 7220 graphical order \n+000420e0: 6f66 0a75 6e69 636f 6465 2063 6f64 6570 of.unicode codep\n+000420f0: 6f69 6e74 732c 2072 6570 6c69 6361 7469 oints, replicati\n+00042100: 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 ng the behaviour\n+00042110: 206f 6620 7465 7374 2066 726f 6d20 636f of test from co\n+00042120: 7265 7574 696c 732e 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e reutils..environ\n+00042130: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 ment variables a\n+00042140: 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 nd commands are \n+00042150: 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 listed in the sa\n+00042160: 6d65 206f 7264 6572 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\n+00042250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 426f 6f74 696e 6720 Booting \n+00042260: 6469 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 digitally signed\n+00042270: 2063 6f64 650a 2a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 code.* UEFI sec\n+00042280: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 ure boot and shi\n+00042290: 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7469 m:: Booti\n+000422a0: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 ng digitally sig\n+000422b0: 6e65 6420 5045 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2053 ned PE files.* S\n+000422c0: 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e ecure Boot Advan\n+000422d0: 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 673a 3a20 ced Targeting:: \n+000422e0: 2020 456d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 Embedded infor\n+000422f0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 mation for gener\n+00042300: 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 ation number bas\n+00042310: 6564 2072 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 ed revocation.* \n+00042320: 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 743a 3a20 Measured Boot:: \n+00042330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00042340: 2020 204d 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f Measuring boo\n+00042350: 7420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a2a 204c t components.* L\n+00042360: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ockdown:: \n+00042370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00042380: 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 Lockdown when \n+00042390: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 booting on a sec\n+000423a0: 7572 6520 7365 7475 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c ure setup....Fil\n+000423b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000423c0: 6f64 653a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 ode: Authenticat\n+000423d0: 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 ion and authoris\n+000423e0: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 ation, Next: Us\n+000423f0: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n+00042400: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 atures, Up: Sec\n+00042410: 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3120 4175 7468 urity..19.1 Auth\n+00042420: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 entication and a\n+00042430: 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 uthorisation in \n+00042440: 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d GRUB.===========\n 00042450: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00042460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00042470: 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 By default, the \n-00042480: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 696e 7465 boot loader inte\n-00042490: 7266 6163 6520 6973 2061 6363 6573 7369 rface is accessi\n-000424a0: 626c 6520 746f 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 ble to anyone wi\n-000424b0: 7468 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6163 6365 th.physical acce\n-000424c0: 7373 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c ss to the consol\n-000424d0: 653a 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 7365 e: anyone can se\n-000424e0: 6c65 6374 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7420 616e lect and edit an\n-000424f0: 7920 6d65 6e75 0a65 6e74 7279 2c20 616e y menu.entry, an\n-00042500: 6420 616e 796f 6e65 2063 616e 2067 6574 d anyone can get\n-00042510: 2064 6972 6563 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For.most\n-00042540: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 2069 systems, this i\n-00042550: 7320 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2073 696e s reasonable sin\n-00042560: 6365 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2064 ce anyone with d\n-00042570: 6972 6563 7420 7068 7973 6963 616c 0a61 irect physical.a\n-00042580: 6363 6573 7320 6861 7320 6120 7661 7269 ccess has a vari\n-00042590: 6574 7920 6f66 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 ety of other way\n-000425a0: 7320 746f 2067 6169 6e20 6675 6c6c 2061 s to gain full a\n-000425b0: 6363 6573 732c 2061 6e64 2072 6571 7569 ccess, and requi\n-000425c0: 7269 6e67 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 ring.authenticat\n-000425d0: 696f 6e20 6174 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 ion at the boot \n-000425e0: 6c6f 6164 6572 206c 6576 656c 2077 6f75 loader level wou\n-000425f0: 6c64 206f 6e6c 7920 7365 7276 6520 746f ld only serve to\n-00042600: 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a64 6966 6669 6375 make it.difficu\n-00042610: 6c74 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 7220 6272 lt to recover br\n-00042620: 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 oken systems... \n-00042630: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 6e20 736f However, in so\n-00042640: 6d65 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 732c me environments,\n-00042650: 2073 7563 6820 6173 206b 696f 736b 732c such as kiosks,\n-00042660: 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2061 7070 726f it may be appro\n-00042670: 7072 6961 7465 0a74 6f20 6c6f 636b 2064 priate.to lock d\n-00042680: 6f77 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 own the boot loa\n-00042690: 6465 7220 746f 2072 6571 7569 7265 2061 der to require a\n-000426a0: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6265 uthentication be\n-000426b0: 666f 7265 2070 6572 666f 726d 696e 670a fore performing.\n-000426c0: 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696f certain operatio\n-000426d0: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 9870 ns... The ...p\n-000426e0: 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 assword... (*not\n-000426f0: 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a 2920 616e e password::) an\n-00042700: 6420 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 d ...password_pb\n-00042710: 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a70 kdf2... 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I\n-000428c0: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2065 6e61 626c n order to enabl\n-000428d0: 6520 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e e authentication\n-000428e0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 7468 6520 e280 support, the ..\n-000428f0: 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 0a65 .superusers....e\n-00042900: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00042910: 626c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7365 7420 ble must be set \n-00042920: 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 7365 to a list of use\n-00042930: 726e 616d 6573 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 rnames, separate\n-00042940: 6420 6279 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 7370 6163 d by.any of spac\n-00042950: 6573 2c20 636f 6d6d 6173 2c20 7365 6d69 es, commas, semi\n-00042960: 636f 6c6f 6e73 2c20 7069 7065 732c 206f colons, pipes, o\n-00042970: 7220 616d 7065 7273 616e 6473 2e20 2053 r ampersands. S\n-00042980: 7570 6572 7573 6572 7320 6172 650a 7065 uperusers are.pe\n-00042990: 726d 6974 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 rmitted to use t\n-000429a0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 he GRUB command \n-000429b0: 6c69 6e65 2c20 6564 6974 206d 656e 7520 line, edit menu \n-000429c0: 656e 7472 6965 732c 2061 6e64 2065 7865 entries, and exe\n-000429d0: 6375 7465 0a61 6e79 206d 656e 7520 656e cute.any menu en\n-000429e0: 7472 792e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 7375 7065 try. If ...supe\n-000429f0: 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 rusers... is set\n-00042a00: 2c20 7468 656e 2075 7365 206f 6620 7468 , then use of th\n-00042a10: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 0a61 e command line.a\n-00042a20: 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 6d65 nd editing of me\n-00042a30: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2061 7265 2061 nu entries are a\n-00042a40: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 6573 utomatically res\n-00042a50: 7472 6963 7465 6420 746f 2073 7570 6572 tricted to super\n-00042a60: 7573 6572 732e 0a53 6574 7469 6e67 20e2 users..Setting .\n-00042a70: 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 ..superusers... \n-00042a80: 746f 2065 6d70 7479 2073 7472 696e 6720 to empty string \n-00042a90: 6566 6665 6374 6976 656c 7920 6469 7361 effectively disa\n-00042aa0: 626c 6573 2062 6f74 6820 6163 6365 7373 bles both access\n-00042ab0: 2074 6f0a 434c 4920 616e 6420 6564 6974 to.CLI and edit\n-00042ac0: 696e 6720 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ing of menu entr\n-00042ad0: 6965 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 ies. Note: The \n-00042ae0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00042af0: 6162 6c65 206e 6565 6473 0a74 6f20 6265 able needs.to be\n-00042b00: 2065 7870 6f72 7465 6420 746f 2061 6c73 exported to als\n-00042b10: 6f20 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 o affect the sec\n-00042b20: 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 7920 tion defined by \n-00042b30: 7468 6520 e280 9873 7562 6d65 6e75 e280 the ...submenu..\n-00042b40: 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 ..command (*note\n-00042b50: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 submenu::)... \n-00042b60: 204f 7468 6572 2075 7365 7273 206d 6179 Other users may\n-00042b70: 2062 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2065 be allowed to e\n-00042b80: 7865 6375 7465 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 xecute specific \n-00042b90: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2062 7920 menu entries by \n-00042ba0: 6769 7669 6e67 0a61 206c 6973 7420 6f66 giving.a list of\n-00042bb0: 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 2028 6173 2061 usernames (as a\n-00042bc0: 626f 7665 2920 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 bove) using the \n-00042bd0: e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 e280 9920 6f70 ...--users... op\n-00042be0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 650a e280 986d tion to the....m\n-00042bf0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 e280 9920 636f 6d6d enuentry... comm\n-00042c00: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d 656e 7565 and (*note menue\n-00042c10: 6e74 7279 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 6865 ntry::). If the\n-00042c20: 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 ...--unrestrict\n-00042c30: 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a69 7320 ed... option.is \n-00042c40: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 used for a menu \n-00042c50: 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6174 entry, then that\n-00042c60: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 756e 7265 7374 entry is unrest\n-00042c70: 7269 6374 6564 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a ricted. If the.\n-00042c80: e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 e280 9920 6f70 ...--users... op\n-00042c90: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 6564 tion is not used\n-00042ca0: 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 for a menu entr\n-00042cb0: 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6174 206f 6e6c y, then that onl\n-00042cc0: 7920 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 0a61 7265 y superusers.are\n-00042cd0: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2075 7365 2069 742e able to use it.\n-00042ce0: 0a0a 2020 2050 7574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 .. Putting thi\n-00042cf0: 7320 746f 6765 7468 6572 2c20 6120 7479 s together, a ty\n-00042d00: 7069 6361 6c20 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 pical ...grub.cf\n-00042d10: 67e2 8099 2066 7261 676d 656e 7420 6d69 g... fragment mi\n-00042d20: 6768 7420 6c6f 6f6b 206c 696b 650a 7468 ght look like.th\n-00042d30: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7375 is:.. set su\n-00042d40: 7065 7275 7365 7273 3d22 726f 6f74 220a perusers=\"root\".\n-00042d50: 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 password_pb\n-00042d60: 6b64 6632 2072 6f6f 7420 6772 7562 2e70 kdf2 root grub.p\n-00042d70: 626b 6466 322e 7368 6135 3132 2e31 3030 bkdf2.sha512.100\n-00042d80: 3030 2e62 6967 6c6f 6e67 7374 7269 6e67 00.biglongstring\n-00042d90: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 2075 . password u\n-00042da0: 7365 7231 2069 6e73 6563 7572 650a 0a20 ser1 insecure.. \n-00042db0: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224d menuentry \"M\n-00042dc0: 6179 2062 6520 7275 6e20 6279 2061 6e79 ay be run by any\n-00042dd0: 2075 7365 7222 202d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 user\" --unrestr\n-00042de0: 6963 7465 6420 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 icted {. .se\n-00042df0: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 t root=(hd0,1). \n-00042e00: 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 .linux /vmli\n-00042e10: 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 nuz. }.. \n-00042e20: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5375 7065 menuentry \"Supe\n-00042e30: 7275 7365 7273 206f 6e6c 7922 202d 2d75 rusers only\" --u\n-00042e40: 7365 7273 2022 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 sers \"\" {. .\n-00042e50: 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 set root=(hd0,1)\n-00042e60: 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 202f 766d . .linux /vm\n-00042e70: 6c69 6e75 7a20 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 linuz single. \n-00042e80: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e }.. menuen\n-00042e90: 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 6e20 try \"May be run \n-00042ea0: 6279 2075 7365 7231 206f 7220 6120 7375 by user1 or a su\n-00042eb0: 7065 7275 7365 7222 202d 2d75 7365 7273 peruser\" --users\n-00042ec0: 2075 7365 7231 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 user1 {. .s\n-00042ed0: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c32 290a et root=(hd0,2).\n-00042ee0: 2020 2020 2009 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 .chainloade\n-00042ef0: 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 r +1. }.. \n-00042f00: 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f The ...grub-mkco\n-00042f10: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 nfig... program \n-00042f20: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2079 6574 2068 6176 does not yet hav\n-00042f30: 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 7570 706f e built-in suppo\n-00042f40: 7274 2066 6f72 0a67 656e 6572 6174 696e rt for.generatin\n-00042f50: 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 g configuration \n-00042f60: 6669 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2061 7574 6865 files with authe\n-00042f70: 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 596f 7520 ntication. You \n-00042f80: 6361 6e20 7573 650a e280 982f 6574 632f can use..../etc/\n-00042f90: 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d grub.d/40_custom\n-00042fa0: e280 9920 746f 2061 6464 2073 696d 706c ... to add simpl\n-00042fb0: 6520 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 6175 7468 e superuser auth\n-00042fc0: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6279 0a61 entication, by.a\n-00042fd0: 6464 696e 6720 e280 9873 6574 2073 7570 dding ...set sup\n-00042fe0: 6572 7573 6572 733d e280 9920 616e 6420 erusers=... and \n-00042ff0: e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 206f ...password... o\n-00043000: 7220 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 r ...password_pb\n-00043010: 6b64 6632 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 kdf2... commands\n-00043020: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00043030: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 7369 info, Node: Usi\n-00043040: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ng digital signa\n-00043050: 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5545 tures, Next: UE\n-00043060: 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 FI secure boot a\n-00043070: 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 nd shim, Prev: \n-00043080: 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 Authentication a\n-00043090: 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e nd authorisation\n-000430a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a , Up: Security.\n-000430b0: 0a31 392e 3220 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 .19.2 Using digi\n-000430c0: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2069 tal signatures i\n-000430d0: 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d n GRUB.=========\n+00042460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00042470: 3d3d 0a0a 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 ==..By default, \n+00042480: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 the boot loader \n+00042490: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 2061 6363 interface is acc\n+000424a0: 6573 7369 626c 6520 746f 2061 6e79 6f6e essible to anyon\n+000424b0: 6520 7769 7468 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 e with.physical \n+000424c0: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f access to the co\n+000424d0: 6e73 6f6c 653a 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 nsole: anyone ca\n+000424e0: 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e64 2065 6469 n select and edi\n+000424f0: 7420 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 0a65 6e74 7279 t any menu.entry\n+00042500: 2c20 616e 6420 616e 796f 6e65 2063 616e , and anyone can\n+00042510: 2067 6574 2064 6972 6563 7420 6163 6365 get direct acce\n+00042520: 7373 2074 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2073 6865 ss to a GRUB she\n+00042530: 6c6c 2070 726f 6d70 742e 2020 466f 720a ll prompt. For.\n+00042540: 6d6f 7374 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 most systems, th\n+00042550: 6973 2069 7320 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 is is reasonable\n+00042560: 2073 696e 6365 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 since anyone wi\n+00042570: 7468 2064 6972 6563 7420 7068 7973 6963 th direct physic\n+00042580: 616c 0a61 6363 6573 7320 6861 7320 6120 al.access has a \n+00042590: 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 206f 7468 6572 variety of other\n+000425a0: 2077 6179 7320 746f 2067 6169 6e20 6675 ways to gain fu\n+000425b0: 6c6c 2061 6363 6573 732c 2061 6e64 2072 ll access, and r\n+000425c0: 6571 7569 7269 6e67 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 equiring.authent\n+000425d0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6174 2074 6865 2062 ication at the b\n+000425e0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206c 6576 656c oot loader level\n+000425f0: 2077 6f75 6c64 206f 6e6c 7920 7365 7276 would only serv\n+00042600: 6520 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a64 6966 e to make it.dif\n+00042610: 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 ficult to recove\n+00042620: 7220 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 r broken systems\n+00042630: 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 ... However, i\n+00042640: 6e20 736f 6d65 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 n some environme\n+00042650: 6e74 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 206b 696f nts, such as kio\n+00042660: 736b 732c 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2061 sks, it may be a\n+00042670: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 0a74 6f20 6c6f ppropriate.to lo\n+00042680: 636b 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 ck down the boot\n+00042690: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 746f 2072 6571 7569 loader to requi\n+000426a0: 7265 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f re authenticatio\n+000426b0: 6e20 6265 666f 7265 2070 6572 666f 726d n before perform\n+000426c0: 696e 670a 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 ing.certain oper\n+000426d0: 6174 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 ations... The \n+000426e0: e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 2028 ...password... (\n+000426f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a *note password::\n+00042700: 2920 616e 6420 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 ) and ...passwor\n+00042710: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f d_pbkdf2... (*no\n+00042720: 7465 0a70 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 te.password_pbkd\n+00042730: 6632 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 f2::) commands c\n+00042740: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6465 an be used to de\n+00042750: 6669 6e65 2075 7365 7273 2c20 6561 6368 fine users, each\n+00042760: 206f 6620 7768 6963 680a 6861 7320 616e of which.has an\n+00042770: 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7061 7373 associated pass\n+00042780: 776f 7264 2e20 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f word. ...passwo\n+00042790: 7264 e280 9920 7365 7473 2074 6865 2070 rd... sets the p\n+000427a0: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 696e 2070 6c61 696e assword in plain\n+000427b0: 2074 6578 742c 0a72 6571 7569 7269 6e67 text,.requiring\n+000427c0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 ...grub.cfg... \n+000427d0: 746f 2062 6520 7365 6375 7265 3b20 e280 to be secure; ..\n+000427e0: 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 .password_pbkdf2\n+000427f0: e280 9920 7365 7473 2074 6865 2070 6173 ... sets the pas\n+00042800: 7377 6f72 640a 6861 7368 6564 2075 7369 sword.hashed usi\n+00042810: 6e67 2074 6865 2050 6173 7377 6f72 642d ng the Password-\n+00042820: 4261 7365 6420 4b65 7920 4465 7269 7661 Based Key Deriva\n+00042830: 7469 6f6e 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 2852 tion Function (R\n+00042840: 4643 2032 3839 3829 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 FC 2898),.requir\n+00042850: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 20e2 ing the use of .\n+00042860: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d ..grub-mkpasswd-\n+00042870: 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 pbkdf2... (*note\n+00042880: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking.grub-m\n+00042890: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a kpasswd-pbkdf2::\n+000428a0: 2920 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 7061 ) to generate pa\n+000428b0: 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 732e 0a0a ssword hashes...\n+000428c0: 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2065 In order to e\n+000428d0: 6e61 626c 6520 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 nable authentica\n+000428e0: 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 7468 tion support, th\n+000428f0: 6520 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 e ...superusers.\n+00042900: 8099 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 ...environment v\n+00042910: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 6520 ariable must be \n+00042920: 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 set to a list of\n+00042930: 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 2c20 7365 7061 usernames, sepa\n+00042940: 7261 7465 6420 6279 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 rated by.any of \n+00042950: 7370 6163 6573 2c20 636f 6d6d 6173 2c20 spaces, commas, \n+00042960: 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2c20 7069 7065 semicolons, pipe\n+00042970: 732c 206f 7220 616d 7065 7273 616e 6473 s, or ampersands\n+00042980: 2e20 2053 7570 6572 7573 6572 7320 6172 . Superusers ar\n+00042990: 650a 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 746f 2075 e.permitted to u\n+000429a0: 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d se the GRUB comm\n+000429b0: 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c20 6564 6974 206d and line, edit m\n+000429c0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c 2061 6e64 enu entries, and\n+000429d0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 0a61 6e79 206d 656e execute.any men\n+000429e0: 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 u entry. If ...\n+000429f0: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 6973 superusers... is\n+00042a00: 2073 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2075 7365 206f set, then use o\n+00042a10: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 f the command li\n+00042a20: 6e65 0a61 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f ne.and editing o\n+00042a30: 6620 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2061 f menu entries a\n+00042a40: 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 re automatically\n+00042a50: 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 746f 2073 restricted to s\n+00042a60: 7570 6572 7573 6572 732e 0a53 6574 7469 uperusers..Setti\n+00042a70: 6e67 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 ng ...superusers\n+00042a80: e280 9920 746f 2065 6d70 7479 2073 7472 ... to empty str\n+00042a90: 696e 6720 6566 6665 6374 6976 656c 7920 ing effectively \n+00042aa0: 6469 7361 626c 6573 2062 6f74 6820 6163 disables both ac\n+00042ab0: 6365 7373 2074 6f0a 434c 4920 616e 6420 cess to.CLI and \n+00042ac0: 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 206d 656e 7520 editing of menu \n+00042ad0: 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 entries. Note: \n+00042ae0: 5468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 The environment \n+00042af0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 6565 6473 0a74 variable needs.t\n+00042b00: 6f20 6265 2065 7870 6f72 7465 6420 746f o be exported to\n+00042b10: 2061 6c73 6f20 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 also affect the\n+00042b20: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 696e 6564 section defined\n+00042b30: 2062 7920 7468 6520 e280 9873 7562 6d65 by the ...subme\n+00042b40: 6e75 e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a nu....command (*\n+00042b50: 6e6f 7465 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 3a3a 292e note submenu::).\n+00042b60: 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 2075 7365 7273 .. Other users\n+00042b70: 206d 6179 2062 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 may be allowed \n+00042b80: 746f 2065 7865 6375 7465 2073 7065 6369 to execute speci\n+00042b90: 6669 6320 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 fic menu entries\n+00042ba0: 2062 7920 6769 7669 6e67 0a61 206c 6973 by giving.a lis\n+00042bb0: 7420 6f66 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 2028 t of usernames (\n+00042bc0: 6173 2061 626f 7665 2920 7573 696e 6720 as above) using \n+00042bd0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 e280 the ...--users..\n+00042be0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 650a . option to the.\n+00042bf0: e280 986d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 e280 9920 ...menuentry... \n+00042c00: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d command (*note m\n+00042c10: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 enuentry::). If\n+00042c20: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 the ...--unrest\n+00042c30: 7269 6374 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ricted... option\n+00042c40: 0a69 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d .is used for a m\n+00042c50: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 enu entry, then \n+00042c60: 7468 6174 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 756e that entry is un\n+00042c70: 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 2e20 2049 6620 restricted. If \n+00042c80: 7468 650a e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 e280 the....--users..\n+00042c90: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 . option is not \n+00042ca0: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 used for a menu \n+00042cb0: 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6174 entry, then that\n+00042cc0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 only superusers\n+00042cd0: 0a61 7265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2075 7365 .are able to use\n+00042ce0: 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2050 7574 7469 6e67 it... Putting\n+00042cf0: 2074 6869 7320 746f 6765 7468 6572 2c20 this together, \n+00042d00: 6120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 e280 9867 7275 a typical ...gru\n+00042d10: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 7261 676d 656e b.cfg... fragmen\n+00042d20: 7420 6d69 6768 7420 6c6f 6f6b 206c 696b t might look lik\n+00042d30: 650a 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 e.this:.. se\n+00042d40: 7420 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3d22 726f t superusers=\"ro\n+00042d50: 6f74 220a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ot\". passwor\n+00042d60: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2072 6f6f 7420 6772 d_pbkdf2 root gr\n+00042d70: 7562 2e70 626b 6466 322e 7368 6135 3132 ub.pbkdf2.sha512\n+00042d80: 2e31 3030 3030 2e62 6967 6c6f 6e67 7374 .10000.biglongst\n+00042d90: 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f ring. passwo\n+00042da0: 7264 2075 7365 7231 2069 6e73 6563 7572 rd user1 insecur\n+00042db0: 650a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 e.. menuentr\n+00042dc0: 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 6e20 6279 y \"May be run by\n+00042dd0: 2061 6e79 2075 7365 7222 202d 2d75 6e72 any user\" --unr\n+00042de0: 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 7b0a 2020 2020 estricted {. \n+00042df0: 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c .set root=(hd0,\n+00042e00: 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 202f 1). .linux /\n+00042e10: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a vmlinuz. }..\n+00042e20: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n+00042e30: 5375 7065 7275 7365 7273 206f 6e6c 7922 Superusers only\"\n+00042e40: 202d 2d75 7365 7273 2022 2220 7b0a 2020 --users \"\" {. \n+00042e50: 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 .set root=(hd\n+00042e60: 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 0,1). .linux\n+00042e70: 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 7369 6e67 6c65 /vmlinuz single\n+00042e80: 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 . }.. me\n+00042e90: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 nuentry \"May be \n+00042ea0: 7275 6e20 6279 2075 7365 7231 206f 7220 run by user1 or \n+00042eb0: 6120 7375 7065 7275 7365 7222 202d 2d75 a superuser\" --u\n+00042ec0: 7365 7273 2075 7365 7231 207b 0a20 2020 sers user1 {. \n+00042ed0: 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 .set root=(hd0\n+00042ee0: 2c32 290a 2020 2020 2009 6368 6169 6e6c ,2). .chainl\n+00042ef0: 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a oader +1. }.\n+00042f00: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d . The ...grub-\n+00042f10: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7072 6f67 mkconfig... prog\n+00042f20: 7261 6d20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2079 6574 ram does not yet\n+00042f30: 2068 6176 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 have built-in s\n+00042f40: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a67 656e 6572 upport for.gener\n+00042f50: 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ating configurat\n+00042f60: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2061 ion files with a\n+00042f70: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 uthentication. \n+00042f80: 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a e280 982f You can use..../\n+00042f90: 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 etc/grub.d/40_cu\n+00042fa0: 7374 6f6d e280 9920 746f 2061 6464 2073 stom... to add s\n+00042fb0: 696d 706c 6520 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 imple superuser \n+00042fc0: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 authentication, \n+00042fd0: 6279 0a61 6464 696e 6720 e280 9873 6574 by.adding ...set\n+00042fe0: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 733d e280 9920 superusers=... \n+00042ff0: 616e 6420 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 and ...password.\n+00043000: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 .. or ...passwor\n+00043010: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 636f 6d6d d_pbkdf2... comm\n+00043020: 616e 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ands.....File: g\n+00043030: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00043040: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n+00043050: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 ignatures, Next\n+00043060: 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f : UEFI secure bo\n+00043070: 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 5072 ot and shim, Pr\n+00043080: 6576 3a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 ev: Authenticati\n+00043090: 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 on and authorisa\n+000430a0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 tion, Up: Secur\n+000430b0: 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3220 5573 696e 6720 ity..19.2 Using \n+000430c0: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n+000430d0: 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d es in GRUB.=====\n 000430e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000430f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n-00043100: 5542 2773 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 UB's ...core.img\n-00043110: e280 9920 6361 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c ... can optional\n-00043120: 6c79 2070 726f 7669 6465 2065 6e66 6f72 ly provide enfor\n-00043130: 6365 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 616c 6c20 cement that all \n-00043140: 6669 6c65 730a 7375 6273 6571 7565 6e74 files.subsequent\n-00043150: 6c79 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2064 6973 ly read from dis\n-00043160: 6b20 6172 6520 636f 7665 7265 6420 6279 k are covered by\n-00043170: 2061 2076 616c 6964 2064 6967 6974 616c a valid digital\n-00043180: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2e0a 5468 6973 signature..This\n-00043190: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 202a document does *\n-000431a0: 6e6f 742a 2063 6f76 6572 2068 6f77 2074 not* cover how t\n-000431b0: 6f20 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f o ensure that yo\n-000431c0: 7572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 730a 6669 ur platform's.fi\n-000431d0: 726d 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e 2c20 436f rmware (e.g., Co\n-000431e0: 7265 626f 6f74 2920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 reboot) validate\n-000431f0: 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 s ...core.img...\n-00043200: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e ... If environ\n-00043210: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 ment variable ..\n-00043220: 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 .check_signature\n-00043230: 73e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 s... (*note chec\n-00043240: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 290a k_signatures::).\n-00043250: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 is set to ...enf\n-00043260: 6f72 6365 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 6576 orce..., then ev\n-00043270: 6572 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6279 2074 ery attempt by t\n-00043280: 6865 2047 5255 4220 e280 9863 6f72 652e he GRUB ...core.\n-00043290: 696d 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a61 img... to load.a\n-000432a0: 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 nother file ...f\n-000432b0: 6f6f e280 9920 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 oo... implicitly\n-000432c0: 2069 6e76 6f6b 6573 20e2 8098 7665 7269 invokes ...veri\n-000432d0: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 666f 6f20 fy_detached foo \n-000432e0: 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 0a28 2a6e 6f74 foo.sig....(*not\n-000432f0: 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 e verify_detache\n-00043300: 643a 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 666f 6f2e 7369 d::). ...foo.si\n-00043310: 67e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 636f 6e74 6169 g... must contai\n-00043320: 6e20 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6469 6769 7461 n a valid digita\n-00043330: 6c0a 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f76 6572 l.signature over\n-00043340: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n-00043350: 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 ...foo..., whic\n-00043360: 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2076 6572 6966 6965 h can be verifie\n-00043370: 6420 7769 7468 2061 0a70 7562 6c69 6320 d with a.public \n-00043380: 6b65 7920 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7472 key currently tr\n-00043390: 7573 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 282a usted by GRUB (*\n-000433a0: 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 note list_truste\n-000433b0: 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 7374 d::, *note.trust\n-000433c0: 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 ::, and *note di\n-000433d0: 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2076 strust::). If v\n-000433e0: 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c alidation fails,\n-000433f0: 2074 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f then file ...fo\n-00043400: 6fe2 8099 0a63 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 206f o....cannot be o\n-00043410: 7065 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6973 2066 6169 pened. This fai\n-00043420: 6c75 7265 206d 6179 2068 616c 7420 6f72 lure may halt or\n-00043430: 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2069 6d70 6163 otherwise impac\n-00043440: 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 0a70 726f 6365 t the boot.proce\n-00043450: 7373 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e 2069 6e69 7469 ss... An initi\n-00043460: 616c 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 al trusted publi\n-00043470: 6320 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 c key can be emb\n-00043480: 6564 6465 6420 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 edded within the\n-00043490: 2047 5255 420a e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d GRUB....core.im\n-000434a0: 67e2 8099 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 g... using the .\n-000434b0: 8098 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 ..--pubkey... op\n-000434c0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9867 7275 622d tion to ...grub-\n-000434d0: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 install... (*not\n-000434e0: 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d e Invoking.grub-\n-000434f0: 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 install::)... \n-00043500: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4750 472d 7374 GRUB uses GPG-st\n-00043510: 796c 6520 6465 7461 6368 6564 2073 6967 yle detached sig\n-00043520: 6e61 7475 7265 7320 286d 6561 6e69 6e67 natures (meaning\n-00043530: 2074 6861 7420 6120 6669 6c65 0ae2 8098 that a file....\n-00043540: 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 foo.sig... will \n-00043550: 6265 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 7768 656e be produced when\n-00043560: 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 9920 file ...foo... \n-00043570: 6973 2073 6967 6e65 6429 2c20 616e 6420 is signed), and \n-00043580: 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 7375 7070 6f72 currently.suppor\n-00043590: 7473 2074 6865 2044 5341 2061 6e64 2052 ts the DSA and R\n-000435a0: 5341 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 2061 6c67 6f72 SA signing algor\n-000435b0: 6974 686d 732e 2020 4120 7369 676e 696e ithms. A signin\n-000435c0: 6720 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 6265 0a67 656e g key can be.gen\n-000435d0: 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 erated as follow\n-000435e0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d67 s:.. gpg --g\n-000435f0: 656e 2d6b 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 696e en-key.. An in\n-00043600: 6469 7669 6475 616c 2066 696c 6520 6361 dividual file ca\n-00043610: 6e20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6173 2066 n be signed as f\n-00043620: 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6770 ollows:.. gp\n-00043630: 6720 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 2d73 6967 6e20 g --detach-sign \n-00043640: 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f66 696c 650a 0a20 /path/to/file.. \n-00043650: 2020 466f 7220 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c For successful\n-00043660: 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 validation of a\n-00043670: 6c6c 206f 6620 4752 5542 2773 2073 7562 ll of GRUB's sub\n-00043680: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2061 6e64 2074 components and t\n-00043690: 6865 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 4f53 206b 6572 he.loaded OS ker\n-000436a0: 6e65 6c2c 2074 6865 7920 6d75 7374 2061 nel, they must a\n-000436b0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 2e20 204f ll be signed. O\n-000436c0: 6e65 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6163 636f 6d70 ne way to accomp\n-000436d0: 6c69 7368 2074 6869 730a 6973 2074 6865 lish this.is the\n-000436e0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2028 6166 7465 following (afte\n-000436f0: 7220 6861 7669 6e67 2061 6c72 6561 6479 r having already\n-00043700: 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 7468 6520 6465 produced the de\n-00043710: 7369 7265 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 sired ...grub.cf\n-00043720: 67e2 8099 0a66 696c 652c 2065 2e67 2e2c g....file, e.g.,\n-00043730: 2062 7920 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 9867 by running ...g\n-00043740: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n-00043750: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note Invoking \n-00043760: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 3a29 grub-mkconfig::)\n-00043770: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 4564 6974 202f :.. # Edit /\n-00043780: 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 dev/shm/passphra\n-00043790: 7365 2e74 7874 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 se.txt to contai\n-000437a0: 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 206b n your signing k\n-000437b0: 6579 2773 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 650a ey's passphrase.\n-000437c0: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 2069 6e20 6066 for i in `f\n-000437d0: 696e 6420 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d6e 616d 6520 ind /boot -name \n-000437e0: 222a 2e63 6667 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d \"*.cfg\" -or -nam\n-000437f0: 6520 222a 2e6c 7374 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a e \"*.lst\" -or \\.\n-00043800: 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e -name \"*.\n-00043810: 6d6f 6422 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 mod\" -or -name \"\n-00043820: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a2a 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e vmlinuz*\" -or -n\n-00043830: 616d 6520 2269 6e69 7472 642a 2220 2d6f ame \"initrd*\" -o\n-00043840: 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 r \\. -name\n-00043850: 2022 6772 7562 656e 7622 603b 0a20 2020 \"grubenv\"`;. \n-00043860: 2020 646f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6770 6720 do. gpg \n-00043870: 2d2d 6261 7463 6820 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 --batch --detach\n-00043880: 2d73 6967 6e20 2d2d 7061 7373 7068 7261 -sign --passphra\n-00043890: 7365 2d66 6420 3020 2469 203c 205c 0a20 se-fd 0 $i < \\. \n-000438a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f64 6576 2f73 686d /dev/shm\n-000438b0: 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 740a /passphrase.txt.\n-000438c0: 2020 2020 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 done. s\n-000438d0: 6872 6564 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 hred /dev/shm/pa\n-000438e0: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 ssphrase.txt.. \n-000438f0: 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f3a 202a 6e6f 7465 See also: *note\n-00043900: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n-00043910: 733a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 s::, *note verif\n-00043920: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e y_detached::, *n\n-00043930: 6f74 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f ote.trust::, *no\n-00043940: 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a te list_trusted:\n-00043950: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 :, *note distrus\n-00043960: 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 645f t::, *note load_\n-00043970: 656e 763a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6176 env::, *note.sav\n-00043980: 655f 656e 763a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 e_env::... Not\n-00043990: 6520 7468 6174 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c e that internall\n-000439a0: 7920 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 656e 666f y signature enfo\n-000439b0: 7263 656d 656e 7420 6973 2063 6f6e 7472 rcement is contr\n-000439c0: 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 olled by setting\n-000439d0: 0a74 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 .the environment\n-000439e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 variable ...che\n-000439f0: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 ck_signatures...\n-00043a00: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 equal to ...enf\n-00043a10: 6f72 6365 e280 992e 2020 5061 7373 696e orce.... Passin\n-00043a20: 670a 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 e280 g.one or more ..\n-00043a30: 982d 2d70 7562 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 .--pubkey... opt\n-00043a40: 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 e280 9867 7275 622d ions to ...grub-\n-00043a50: 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2069 6d70 6c69 mkimage... impli\n-00043a60: 6369 746c 7920 6465 6669 6e65 730a e280 citly defines...\n-00043a70: 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 .check_signature\n-00043a80: 73e2 8099 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 e280 s... equal to ..\n-00043a90: 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 9920 696e 20e2 .enforce... in .\n-00043aa0: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7072 ..core.img... pr\n-00043ab0: 696f 7220 746f 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e ior to processin\n-00043ac0: 670a 616e 7920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 g.any configurat\n-00043ad0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 204e ion files... N\n-00043ae0: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2073 6967 6e61 7475 ote that signatu\n-00043af0: 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 646f 6573 re checking does\n-00043b00: 202a 6e6f 742a 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2061 *not* prevent a\n-00043b10: 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2077 6974 680a n attacker with.\n-00043b20: 2873 6572 6961 6c2c 2070 6879 7369 6361 (serial, physica\n-00043b30: 6c2c 202e 2e2e 2920 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 l, ...) console\n-00043b40: 2061 6363 6573 7320 6672 6f6d 2064 726f access from dro\n-00043b50: 7070 696e 6720 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2074 pping manually t\n-00043b60: 6f20 7468 650a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 736f o the.GRUB conso\n-00043b70: 6c65 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 le and executing\n-00043b80: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 6368 6563 :.. set chec\n-00043b90: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e 6f0a k_signatures=no.\n-00043ba0: 0a20 2020 546f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2074 . To prevent t\n-00043bb0: 6869 732c 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642d 7072 his, password-pr\n-00043bc0: 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 otection (*note \n-00043bd0: 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 Authentication a\n-00043be0: 6e64 0a61 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e nd.authorisation\n-00043bf0: 3a3a 2920 6973 2065 7373 656e 7469 616c ::) is essential\n-00043c00: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2065 7665 . Note that eve\n-00043c10: 6e20 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 7061 7373 n with GRUB pass\n-00043c20: 776f 7264 0a70 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e2c word.protection,\n-00043c30: 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2063 616e GRUB itself can\n-00043c40: 6e6f 7420 7072 6576 656e 7420 736f 6d65 not prevent some\n-00043c50: 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2070 6879 7369 6361 one with physica\n-00043c60: 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 l access to.the \n-00043c70: 6d61 6368 696e 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 6c74 machine from alt\n-00043c80: 6572 696e 6720 7468 6174 206d 6163 6869 ering that machi\n-00043c90: 6e65 2773 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 2865 ne's firmware (e\n-00043ca0: 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 6f72 .g., Coreboot or\n-00043cb0: 0a42 494f 5329 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 .BIOS) configura\n-00043cc0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6361 7573 6520 7468 tion to cause th\n-00043cd0: 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 746f 2062 6f6f e machine to boo\n-00043ce0: 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 t from a differe\n-00043cf0: 6e74 0a28 6174 7461 636b 6572 2d63 6f6e nt.(attacker-con\n-00043d00: 7472 6f6c 6c65 6429 2064 6576 6963 652e trolled) device.\n-00043d10: 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6174 2062 6573 GRUB is at bes\n-00043d20: 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206c 696e 6b20 t only one link \n-00043d30: 696e 2061 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 in a secure.boot\n-00043d40: 2063 6861 696e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a chain.....File:\n-00043d50: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00043d60: 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 e: UEFI secure b\n-00043d70: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 204e oot and shim, N\n-00043d80: 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 ext: Secure Boot\n-00043d90: 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 Advanced Target\n-00043da0: 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5573 696e ing, Prev: Usin\n-00043db0: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n-00043dc0: 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 ures, Up: Secur\n-00043dd0: 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3320 5545 4649 2073 ity..19.3 UEFI s\n-00043de0: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 ecure boot and s\n-00043df0: 6869 6d20 7375 7070 6f72 740a 3d3d 3d3d him support.====\n+000430f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00043100: 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 20e2 8098 636f 7265 ..GRUB's ...core\n+00043110: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6f70 7469 .img... can opti\n+00043120: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2070 726f 7669 6465 2065 onally provide e\n+00043130: 6e66 6f72 6365 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 nforcement that \n+00043140: 616c 6c20 6669 6c65 730a 7375 6273 6571 all files.subseq\n+00043150: 7565 6e74 6c79 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d uently read from\n+00043160: 2064 6973 6b20 6172 6520 636f 7665 7265 disk are covere\n+00043170: 6420 6279 2061 2076 616c 6964 2064 6967 d by a valid dig\n+00043180: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2e0a ital signature..\n+00043190: 5468 6973 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 646f This document do\n+000431a0: 6573 202a 6e6f 742a 2063 6f76 6572 2068 es *not* cover h\n+000431b0: 6f77 2074 6f20 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 ow to ensure tha\n+000431c0: 7420 796f 7572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 t your platform'\n+000431d0: 730a 6669 726d 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e s.firmware (e.g.\n+000431e0: 2c20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2920 7661 6c69 , Coreboot) vali\n+000431f0: 6461 7465 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d dates ...core.im\n+00043200: 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2065 6e76 g...... If env\n+00043210: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00043220: 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 e ...check_signa\n+00043230: 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 tures... (*note \n+00043240: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+00043250: 3a3a 290a 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ::).is set to ..\n+00043260: 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992c 2074 6865 .enforce..., the\n+00043270: 6e20 6576 6572 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 n every attempt \n+00043280: 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 e280 9863 by the GRUB ...c\n+00043290: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 6c6f ore.img... to lo\n+000432a0: 6164 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 ad.another file \n+000432b0: e280 9866 6f6f e280 9920 696d 706c 6963 ...foo... implic\n+000432c0: 6974 6c79 2069 6e76 6f6b 6573 20e2 8098 itly invokes ...\n+000432d0: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 verify_detached \n+000432e0: 666f 6f20 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 0a28 foo foo.sig....(\n+000432f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 *note verify_det\n+00043300: 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 666f ached::). ...fo\n+00043310: 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 636f o.sig... must co\n+00043320: 6e74 6169 6e20 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6469 ntain a valid di\n+00043330: 6769 7461 6c0a 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 gital.signature \n+00043340: 6f76 6572 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 over the content\n+00043350: 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2c20 s of ...foo..., \n+00043360: 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2076 6572 which can be ver\n+00043370: 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2061 0a70 7562 ified with a.pub\n+00043380: 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6375 7272 656e 746c lic key currentl\n+00043390: 7920 7472 7573 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 y trusted by GRU\n+000433a0: 4220 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 B (*note list_tr\n+000433b0: 7573 7465 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 usted::, *note.t\n+000433c0: 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 rust::, and *not\n+000433d0: 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 e distrust::). \n+000433e0: 4966 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 If validation fa\n+000433f0: 696c 732c 2074 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 ils, then file .\n+00043400: 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 0a63 616e 6e6f 7420 ..foo....cannot \n+00043410: 6265 206f 7065 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6973 be opened. This\n+00043420: 2066 6169 6c75 7265 206d 6179 2068 616c failure may hal\n+00043430: 7420 6f72 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2069 t or otherwise i\n+00043440: 6d70 6163 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 0a70 mpact the boot.p\n+00043450: 726f 6365 7373 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e 2069 rocess... An i\n+00043460: 6e69 7469 616c 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 nitial trusted p\n+00043470: 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 6265 ublic key can be\n+00043480: 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 7769 7468 696e embedded within\n+00043490: 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a e280 9863 6f72 the GRUB....cor\n+000434a0: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2075 7369 6e67 2074 e.img... using t\n+000434b0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 e280 he ...--pubkey..\n+000434c0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9867 . option to ...g\n+000434d0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2028 rub-install... (\n+000434e0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 *note Invoking.g\n+000434f0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a rub-install::)..\n+00043500: 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4750 . GRUB uses GP\n+00043510: 472d 7374 796c 6520 6465 7461 6368 6564 G-style detached\n+00043520: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 286d 6561 signatures (mea\n+00043530: 6e69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 6120 6669 6c65 ning that a file\n+00043540: 0ae2 8098 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 2077 ....foo.sig... w\n+00043550: 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 ill be produced \n+00043560: 7768 656e 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f when file ...foo\n+00043570: e280 9920 6973 2073 6967 6e65 6429 2c20 ... is signed), \n+00043580: 616e 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 7375 and currently.su\n+00043590: 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 2044 5341 2061 pports the DSA a\n+000435a0: 6e64 2052 5341 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 2061 nd RSA signing a\n+000435b0: 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 732e 2020 4120 7369 lgorithms. A si\n+000435c0: 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 6265 gning key can be\n+000435d0: 0a67 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 666f .generated as fo\n+000435e0: 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7067 llows:.. gpg\n+000435f0: 202d 2d67 656e 2d6b 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 --gen-key.. A\n+00043600: 6e20 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c 2066 696c n individual fil\n+00043610: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 6420 e can be signed \n+00043620: 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 as follows:.. \n+00043630: 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 2d73 gpg --detach-s\n+00043640: 6967 6e20 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f66 696c ign /path/to/fil\n+00043650: 650a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7375 6363 6573 e.. For succes\n+00043660: 7366 756c 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 sful validation \n+00043670: 6f66 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 4752 5542 2773 of all of GRUB's\n+00043680: 2073 7562 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2061 subcomponents a\n+00043690: 6e64 2074 6865 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 4f53 nd the.loaded OS\n+000436a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2074 6865 7920 6d75 kernel, they mu\n+000436b0: 7374 2061 6c6c 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 st all be signed\n+000436c0: 2e20 204f 6e65 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6163 . One way to ac\n+000436d0: 636f 6d70 6c69 7368 2074 6869 730a 6973 complish this.is\n+000436e0: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2028 the following (\n+000436f0: 6166 7465 7220 6861 7669 6e67 2061 6c72 after having alr\n+00043700: 6561 6479 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 7468 eady produced th\n+00043710: 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 e280 9867 7275 e desired ...gru\n+00043720: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 0a66 696c 652c 2065 b.cfg....file, e\n+00043730: 2e67 2e2c 2062 7920 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 .g., by running \n+00043740: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+00043750: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n+00043760: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+00043770: 673a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 4564 g::):.. # Ed\n+00043780: 6974 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 it /dev/shm/pass\n+00043790: 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 2074 6f20 636f phrase.txt to co\n+000437a0: 6e74 6169 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6967 6e69 ntain your signi\n+000437b0: 6e67 206b 6579 2773 2070 6173 7370 6872 ng key's passphr\n+000437c0: 6173 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 2069 ase. for i i\n+000437d0: 6e20 6066 696e 6420 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d6e n `find /boot -n\n+000437e0: 616d 6520 222a 2e63 6667 2220 2d6f 7220 ame \"*.cfg\" -or \n+000437f0: 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e6c 7374 2220 2d6f -name \"*.lst\" -o\n+00043800: 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 r \\. -name\n+00043810: 2022 2a2e 6d6f 6422 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 \"*.mod\" -or -na\n+00043820: 6d65 2022 766d 6c69 6e75 7a2a 2220 2d6f me \"vmlinuz*\" -o\n+00043830: 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 2269 6e69 7472 642a r -name \"initrd*\n+00043840: 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d \" -or \\. -\n+00043850: 6e61 6d65 2022 6772 7562 656e 7622 603b name \"grubenv\"`;\n+00043860: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 . do. \n+00043870: 6770 6720 2d2d 6261 7463 6820 2d2d 6465 gpg --batch --de\n+00043880: 7461 6368 2d73 6967 6e20 2d2d 7061 7373 tach-sign --pass\n+00043890: 7068 7261 7365 2d66 6420 3020 2469 203c phrase-fd 0 $i <\n+000438a0: 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f64 6576 \\. /dev\n+000438b0: 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e /shm/passphrase.\n+000438c0: 7478 740a 2020 2020 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 txt. done. \n+000438d0: 2020 2073 6872 6564 202f 6465 762f 7368 shred /dev/sh\n+000438e0: 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 m/passphrase.txt\n+000438f0: 0a0a 2020 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f3a 202a .. See also: *\n+00043900: 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 note check_signa\n+00043910: 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2076 tures::, *note v\n+00043920: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a erify_detached::\n+00043930: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c , *note.trust::,\n+00043940: 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 *note list_trus\n+00043950: 7465 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 ted::, *note dis\n+00043960: 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 206c trust::, *note l\n+00043970: 6f61 645f 656e 763a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 oad_env::, *note\n+00043980: 0a73 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 .save_env::... \n+00043990: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 6e74 6572 Note that inter\n+000439a0: 6e61 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 nally signature \n+000439b0: 656e 666f 7263 656d 656e 7420 6973 2063 enforcement is c\n+000439c0: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2073 6574 ontrolled by set\n+000439d0: 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e ting.the environ\n+000439e0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 ment variable ..\n+000439f0: 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 .check_signature\n+00043a00: 73e2 8099 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 e280 s... equal to ..\n+00043a10: 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992e 2020 5061 .enforce.... Pa\n+00043a20: 7373 696e 670a 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 ssing.one or mor\n+00043a30: 6520 e280 982d 2d70 7562 6b65 79e2 8099 e ...--pubkey...\n+00043a40: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 e280 9867 options to ...g\n+00043a50: 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2069 rub-mkimage... i\n+00043a60: 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 7920 6465 6669 6e65 mplicitly define\n+00043a70: 730a e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 s....check_signa\n+00043a80: 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2065 7175 616c 2074 tures... equal t\n+00043a90: 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 9920 o ...enforce... \n+00043aa0: 696e 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 in ...core.img..\n+00043ab0: 9920 7072 696f 7220 746f 2070 726f 6365 . prior to proce\n+00043ac0: 7373 696e 670a 616e 7920 636f 6e66 6967 ssing.any config\n+00043ad0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a uration files...\n+00043ae0: 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2073 6967 Note that sig\n+00043af0: 6e61 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 nature checking \n+00043b00: 646f 6573 202a 6e6f 742a 2070 7265 7665 does *not* preve\n+00043b10: 6e74 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2077 nt an attacker w\n+00043b20: 6974 680a 2873 6572 6961 6c2c 2070 6879 ith.(serial, phy\n+00043b30: 7369 6361 6c2c 202e 2e2e 2920 2063 6f6e sical, ...) con\n+00043b40: 736f 6c65 2061 6363 6573 7320 6672 6f6d sole access from\n+00043b50: 2064 726f 7070 696e 6720 6d61 6e75 616c dropping manual\n+00043b60: 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 650a 4752 5542 2063 ly to the.GRUB c\n+00043b70: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 onsole and execu\n+00043b80: 7469 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 ting:.. set \n+00043b90: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+00043ba0: 3d6e 6f0a 0a20 2020 546f 2070 7265 7665 =no.. To preve\n+00043bb0: 6e74 2074 6869 732c 2070 6173 7377 6f72 nt this, passwor\n+00043bc0: 642d 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e d-protection (*n\n+00043bd0: 6f74 6520 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 ote Authenticati\n+00043be0: 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a61 7574 686f 7269 7361 on and.authorisa\n+00043bf0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 6973 2065 7373 656e tion::) is essen\n+00043c00: 7469 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 tial. Note that\n+00043c10: 2065 7665 6e20 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 even with GRUB \n+00043c20: 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a70 726f 7465 6374 password.protect\n+00043c30: 696f 6e2c 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 ion, GRUB itself\n+00043c40: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 7072 6576 656e 7420 cannot prevent \n+00043c50: 736f 6d65 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2070 6879 someone with phy\n+00043c60: 7369 6361 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a sical access to.\n+00043c70: 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 6672 6f6d the machine from\n+00043c80: 2061 6c74 6572 696e 6720 7468 6174 206d altering that m\n+00043c90: 6163 6869 6e65 2773 2066 6972 6d77 6172 achine's firmwar\n+00043ca0: 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f e (e.g., Coreboo\n+00043cb0: 7420 6f72 0a42 494f 5329 2063 6f6e 6669 t or.BIOS) confi\n+00043cc0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6361 7573 guration to caus\n+00043cd0: 6520 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 746f e the machine to\n+00043ce0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 2064 6966 boot from a dif\n+00043cf0: 6665 7265 6e74 0a28 6174 7461 636b 6572 ferent.(attacker\n+00043d00: 2d63 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6429 2064 6576 -controlled) dev\n+00043d10: 6963 652e 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6174 ice. GRUB is at\n+00043d20: 2062 6573 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206c best only one l\n+00043d30: 696e 6b20 696e 2061 2073 6563 7572 650a ink in a secure.\n+00043d40: 626f 6f74 2063 6861 696e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 boot chain.....F\n+00043d50: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00043d60: 204e 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 Node: UEFI secu\n+00043d70: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d re boot and shim\n+00043d80: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 6520 , Next: Secure \n+00043d90: 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 Boot Advanced Ta\n+00043da0: 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 rgeting, Prev: \n+00043db0: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n+00043dc0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 gnatures, Up: S\n+00043dd0: 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3320 5545 ecurity..19.3 UE\n+00043de0: 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 FI secure boot a\n+00043df0: 6e64 2073 6869 6d20 7375 7070 6f72 740a nd shim support.\n 00043e00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00043e10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00043e20: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2c20 6578 ==..The GRUB, ex\n-00043e30: 6365 7074 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 cept the ...chai\n-00043e40: 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 nloader... comma\n-00043e50: 6e64 2c20 776f 726b 7320 7769 7468 2074 nd, works with t\n-00043e60: 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 he UEFI secure.b\n-00043e70: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7368 696d oot and the shim\n-00043e80: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e . This function\n-00043e90: 616c 6974 7920 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 ality is provide\n-00043ea0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f d by the shim_lo\n-00043eb0: 636b 0a76 6572 6966 6965 722e 2020 4974 ck.verifier. It\n-00043ec0: 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 2074 is built into t\n-00043ed0: 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 he ...core.img..\n-00043ee0: 9920 616e 6420 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 . and is registe\n-00043ef0: 7265 6420 6966 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a red if the UEFI.\n-00043f00: 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 secure boot is e\n-00043f10: 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 nabled. The ...\n-00043f20: 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6be2 8099 2076 6172 shim_lock... var\n-00043f30: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 iable is set to \n-00043f40: e280 9879 e280 9920 7768 656e 0a73 6869 ...y... when.shi\n-00043f50: 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2076 6572 6966 6965 7220 m_lock verifier \n-00043f60: 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 642e 2020 is registered. \n-00043f70: 4966 2069 7420 6973 2064 6573 6972 6564 If it is desired\n-00043f80: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 to use UEFI sec\n-00043f90: 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2077 6974 686f 7574 ure.boot without\n-00043fa0: 2073 6869 6d2c 206f 6e65 2063 616e 2064 shim, one can d\n-00043fb0: 6973 6162 6c65 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b isable shim_lock\n-00043fc0: 2062 7920 6469 7361 626c 696e 6720 7368 by disabling sh\n-00043fd0: 696d 0a76 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 im.verification \n-00043fe0: 7769 7468 204d 6f6b 5362 5374 6174 6520 with MokSbState \n-00043ff0: 5545 4649 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6f72 UEFI variable or\n-00044000: 2062 7920 6275 696c 6469 6e67 2067 7275 by building gru\n-00044010: 6220 696d 6167 650a 7769 7468 20e2 8098 b image.with ...\n-00044020: 2d2d 6469 7361 626c 652d 7368 696d 2d6c --disable-shim-l\n-00044030: 6f63 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a ock... option...\n-00044040: 2020 2041 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 All GRUB modu\n-00044050: 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 7374 6f72 6564 2069 les not stored i\n-00044060: 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d n the ...core.im\n-00044070: 67e2 8099 2c20 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 g..., OS kernels\n-00044080: 2c20 4143 5049 0a74 6162 6c65 732c 2044 , ACPI.tables, D\n-00044090: 6576 6963 6520 5472 6565 732c 2065 7463 evice Trees, etc\n-000440a0: 2e20 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 6520 7369 . have to be si\n-000440b0: 676e 6564 2c20 652e 672c 2075 7369 6e67 gned, e.g, using\n-000440c0: 2050 4750 2e0a 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c PGP..Additional\n-000440d0: 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ly, the commands\n-000440e0: 2074 6861 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 that can be use\n-000440f0: 6420 746f 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 d to subvert the\n-00044100: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f UEFI secure.boo\n-00044110: 7420 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2c 2073 7563 t mechanism, suc\n-00044120: 6820 6173 20e2 8098 696f 7277 e280 9920 h as ...iorw... \n-00044130: 616e 6420 e280 986d 656d 7277 e280 9920 and ...memrw... \n-00044140: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 will not be avai\n-00044150: 6c61 626c 6520 7768 656e 0a74 6865 2055 lable when.the U\n-00044160: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 EFI secure boot \n-00044170: 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2054 6869 is enabled. Thi\n-00044180: 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 666f 7220 7365 s is done for se\n-00044190: 6375 7269 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 2061 curity reasons a\n-000441a0: 6e64 0a61 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 nd.are enforced \n-000441b0: 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 4c6f 636b by the GRUB Lock\n-000441c0: 646f 776e 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2028 down mechanism (\n-000441d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a *note Lockdown::\n-000441e0: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-000441f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 .info, Node: Se\n-00044200: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n-00044210: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 204e ed Targeting, N\n-00044220: 6578 743a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f ext: Measured Bo\n-00044230: 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 4546 4920 ot, Prev: UEFI \n-00044240: 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 secure boot and \n-00044250: 7368 696d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 shim, Up: Secur\n-00044260: 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3420 456d 6265 6464 ity..19.4 Embedd\n-00044270: 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 ed information f\n-00044280: 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 or generation nu\n-00044290: 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 6576 6f63 mber based revoc\n-000442a0: 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ation.==========\n+00043e20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 ======..The GRUB\n+00043e30: 2c20 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 20e2 8098 , except the ...\n+00043e40: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 chainloader... c\n+00043e50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 776f 726b 7320 7769 ommand, works wi\n+00043e60: 7468 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 th the UEFI secu\n+00043e70: 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7468 6520 re.boot and the \n+00043e80: 7368 696d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6675 6e63 shim. This func\n+00043e90: 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 6973 2070 726f tionality is pro\n+00043ea0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 6869 vided by the shi\n+00043eb0: 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a76 6572 6966 6965 722e m_lock.verifier.\n+00043ec0: 2020 4974 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e It is built in\n+00043ed0: 746f 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 to the ...core.i\n+00043ee0: 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 6973 2072 6567 mg... and is reg\n+00043ef0: 6973 7465 7265 6420 6966 2074 6865 2055 istered if the U\n+00043f00: 4546 490a 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 EFI.secure boot \n+00043f10: 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2054 6865 is enabled. The\n+00043f20: 20e2 8098 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6be2 8099 ...shim_lock...\n+00043f30: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+00043f40: 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 9920 7768 656e to ...y... when\n+00043f50: 0a73 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2076 6572 6966 .shim_lock verif\n+00043f60: 6965 7220 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 ier is registere\n+00043f70: 642e 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 2064 6573 d. If it is des\n+00043f80: 6972 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5545 4649 ired to use UEFI\n+00043f90: 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2077 6974 secure.boot wit\n+00043fa0: 686f 7574 2073 6869 6d2c 206f 6e65 2063 hout shim, one c\n+00043fb0: 616e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2073 6869 6d5f an disable shim_\n+00043fc0: 6c6f 636b 2062 7920 6469 7361 626c 696e lock by disablin\n+00043fd0: 6720 7368 696d 0a76 6572 6966 6963 6174 g shim.verificat\n+00043fe0: 696f 6e20 7769 7468 204d 6f6b 5362 5374 ion with MokSbSt\n+00043ff0: 6174 6520 5545 4649 2076 6172 6961 626c ate UEFI variabl\n+00044000: 6520 6f72 2062 7920 6275 696c 6469 6e67 e or by building\n+00044010: 2067 7275 6220 696d 6167 650a 7769 7468 grub image.with\n+00044020: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6469 7361 626c 652d 7368 ...--disable-sh\n+00044030: 696d 2d6c 6f63 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f im-lock... optio\n+00044040: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 n... All GRUB \n+00044050: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 7374 6f72 modules not stor\n+00044060: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f72 ed in the ...cor\n+00044070: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 4f53 206b 6572 e.img..., OS ker\n+00044080: 6e65 6c73 2c20 4143 5049 0a74 6162 6c65 nels, ACPI.table\n+00044090: 732c 2044 6576 6963 6520 5472 6565 732c s, Device Trees,\n+000440a0: 2065 7463 2e20 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 etc. have to b\n+000440b0: 6520 7369 676e 6564 2c20 652e 672c 2075 e signed, e.g, u\n+000440c0: 7369 6e67 2050 4750 2e0a 4164 6469 7469 sing PGP..Additi\n+000440d0: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d onally, the comm\n+000440e0: 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6361 6e20 6265 ands that can be\n+000440f0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7562 7665 7274 used to subvert\n+00044100: 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 the UEFI secure\n+00044110: 0a62 6f6f 7420 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2c .boot mechanism,\n+00044120: 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 696f 7277 such as ...iorw\n+00044130: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986d 656d 7277 ... and ...memrw\n+00044140: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 ... will not be \n+00044150: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7768 656e 0a74 available when.t\n+00044160: 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 he UEFI secure b\n+00044170: 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 oot is enabled. \n+00044180: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 666f This is done fo\n+00044190: 7220 7365 6375 7269 7479 2072 6561 736f r security reaso\n+000441a0: 6e73 2061 6e64 0a61 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 ns and.are enfor\n+000441b0: 6365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 ced by the GRUB \n+000441c0: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 206d 6563 6861 6e69 Lockdown mechani\n+000441d0: 736d 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4c6f 636b 646f sm (*note Lockdo\n+000441e0: 776e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 wn::).....File: \n+000441f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00044200: 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 : Secure Boot Ad\n+00044210: 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 vanced Targeting\n+00044220: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 6561 7375 7265 , Next: Measure\n+00044230: 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 d Boot, Prev: U\n+00044240: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 EFI secure boot \n+00044250: 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 and shim, Up: S\n+00044260: 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3420 456d ecurity..19.4 Em\n+00044270: 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 bedded informati\n+00044280: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f on for generatio\n+00044290: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 n number based r\n+000442a0: 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d evocation.======\n 000442b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000442c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000442d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000442e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 5365 6375 ======..The Secu\n-000442f0: 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 re Boot Advanced\n-00044300: 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2028 5342 4154 Targeting (SBAT\n-00044310: 2920 6973 2061 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d ) is a mechanism\n-00044320: 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 650a 7265 to allow the.re\n-00044330: 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 636f 6d70 vocation of comp\n-00044340: 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f onents in the bo\n-00044350: 6f74 2070 6174 6820 6279 2075 7369 6e67 ot path by using\n-00044360: 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 generation numb\n-00044370: 6572 730a 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e74 ers.embedded int\n-00044380: 6f20 7468 6520 4546 4920 6269 6e61 7269 o the EFI binari\n-00044390: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2053 4241 5420 6d65 es. The SBAT me\n-000443a0: 7461 6461 7461 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 7465 tadata is locate\n-000443b0: 6420 696e 2061 6e0a 2e73 6261 7420 6461 d in an..sbat da\n-000443c0: 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 ta section that \n-000443d0: 6861 7320 7365 7420 6f66 2055 5446 2d38 has set of UTF-8\n-000443e0: 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7320 636f 6d6d strings as comm\n-000443f0: 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 640a 7661 6c75 a-separated.valu\n-00044400: 6573 2028 4353 5629 2e20 5365 6520 3c68 es (CSV). See \n-00044440: 2066 6f72 0a6d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c for.more detail\n-00044450: 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6164 6420 6120 s... To add a \n-00044460: 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6e data section con\n-00044470: 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 5342 4154 taining the SBAT\n-00044480: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 information int\n-00044490: 6f20 7468 650a 6269 6e61 7279 2c20 7468 o the.binary, th\n-000444a0: 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6261 74e2 8099 206f e ...--sbat... o\n-000444b0: 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ption of ...grub\n-000444c0: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 636f 6d6d -mkimage... comm\n-000444d0: 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7573 and should be us\n-000444e0: 6564 2e0a 5468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7420 ed..The content \n-000444f0: 6f66 2061 2043 5356 2066 696c 652c 2065 of a CSV file, e\n-00044500: 6e63 6f64 6564 2077 6974 6820 5554 462d ncoded with UTF-\n-00044510: 382c 2069 7320 636f 7069 6564 2061 7320 8, is copied as \n-00044520: 6973 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2e73 6261 7420 is to the..sbat \n-00044530: 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 data section int\n-00044540: 6f20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 o the generated \n-00044550: 4546 4920 6269 6e61 7279 2e20 2054 6865 EFI binary. The\n-00044560: 2043 5356 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 CSV file can be\n-00044570: 0a73 746f 7265 6420 616e 7977 6865 7265 .stored anywhere\n-00044580: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 on the file sys\n-00044590: 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d tem... grub-\n-000445a0: 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 2d4f 2078 3836 5f36 mkimage -O x86_6\n-000445b0: 342d 6566 6920 2d6f 2067 7275 6278 3634 4-efi -o grubx64\n-000445c0: 2e65 6669 202d 7020 2728 7466 7470 292f .efi -p '(tftp)/\n-000445d0: 6772 7562 2720 2d2d 7362 6174 2073 6261 grub' --sbat sba\n-000445e0: 742e 6373 7620 6566 696e 6574 2074 6674 t.csv efinet tft\n-000445f0: 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e p....File: grub.\n-00044600: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 6561 info, Node: Mea\n-00044610: 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 sured Boot, Nex\n-00044620: 743a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 t: Lockdown, Pr\n-00044630: 6576 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 ev: Secure Boot \n-00044640: 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 Advanced Targeti\n-00044650: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 ng, Up: Securit\n-00044660: 790a 0a31 392e 3520 4d65 6173 7572 696e y..19.5 Measurin\n-00044670: 6720 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 g boot component\n-00044680: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+000442e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+000442f0: 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 Secure Boot Adva\n+00044300: 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2028 nced Targeting (\n+00044310: 5342 4154 2920 6973 2061 206d 6563 6861 SBAT) is a mecha\n+00044320: 6e69 736d 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 nism to allow th\n+00044330: 650a 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e.revocation of \n+00044340: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 components in th\n+00044350: 6520 626f 6f74 2070 6174 6820 6279 2075 e boot path by u\n+00044360: 7369 6e67 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 sing generation \n+00044370: 6e75 6d62 6572 730a 656d 6265 6464 6564 numbers.embedded\n+00044380: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4546 4920 6269 into the EFI bi\n+00044390: 6e61 7269 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2053 4241 naries. The SBA\n+000443a0: 5420 6d65 7461 6461 7461 2069 7320 6c6f T metadata is lo\n+000443b0: 6361 7465 6420 696e 2061 6e0a 2e73 6261 cated in an..sba\n+000443c0: 7420 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2074 t data section t\n+000443d0: 6861 7420 6861 7320 7365 7420 6f66 2055 hat has set of U\n+000443e0: 5446 2d38 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7320 TF-8 strings as \n+000443f0: 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 640a comma-separated.\n+00044400: 7661 6c75 6573 2028 4353 5629 2e20 5365 values (CSV). Se\n+00044410: 6520 3c68 7474 7073 3a2f 2f67 6974 6875 e for.more de\n+00044450: 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6164 tails... To ad\n+00044460: 6420 6120 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e d a data section\n+00044470: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 containing the \n+00044480: 5342 4154 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e SBAT information\n+00044490: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 6269 6e61 7279 into the.binary\n+000444a0: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6261 74e2 , the ...--sbat.\n+000444b0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 .. option of ...\n+000444c0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 grub-mkimage... \n+000444d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 command should b\n+000444e0: 6520 7573 6564 2e0a 5468 6520 636f 6e74 e used..The cont\n+000444f0: 656e 7420 6f66 2061 2043 5356 2066 696c ent of a CSV fil\n+00044500: 652c 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 2077 6974 6820 e, encoded with \n+00044510: 5554 462d 382c 2069 7320 636f 7069 6564 UTF-8, is copied\n+00044520: 2061 7320 6973 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2e73 as is to the..s\n+00044530: 6261 7420 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e bat data section\n+00044540: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 into the genera\n+00044550: 7465 6420 4546 4920 6269 6e61 7279 2e20 ted EFI binary. \n+00044560: 2054 6865 2043 5356 2066 696c 6520 6361 The CSV file ca\n+00044570: 6e20 6265 0a73 746f 7265 6420 616e 7977 n be.stored anyw\n+00044580: 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 here on the file\n+00044590: 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 system... g\n+000445a0: 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 2d4f 2078 rub-mkimage -O x\n+000445b0: 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 2d6f 2067 7275 86_64-efi -o gru\n+000445c0: 6278 3634 2e65 6669 202d 7020 2728 7466 bx64.efi -p '(tf\n+000445d0: 7470 292f 6772 7562 2720 2d2d 7362 6174 tp)/grub' --sbat\n+000445e0: 2073 6261 742e 6373 7620 6566 696e 6574 sbat.csv efinet\n+000445f0: 2074 6674 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tftp....File: g\n+00044600: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00044610: 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 Measured Boot, \n+00044620: 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c Next: Lockdown,\n+00044630: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 Prev: Secure B\n+00044640: 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 oot Advanced Tar\n+00044650: 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 geting, Up: Sec\n+00044660: 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3520 4d65 6173 urity..19.5 Meas\n+00044670: 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 706f uring boot compo\n+00044680: 6e65 6e74 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nents.==========\n 00044690: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000446a0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 ..If the tpm mod\n-000446b0: 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e ule is loaded an\n-000446c0: 6420 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2068 d the platform h\n-000446d0: 6173 2061 2054 7275 7374 6564 2050 6c61 as a Trusted Pla\n-000446e0: 7466 6f72 6d0a 4d6f 6475 6c65 2069 6e73 tform.Module ins\n-000446f0: 7461 6c6c 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c talled, GRUB wil\n-00044700: 6c20 6c6f 6720 6561 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 l log each comma\n-00044710: 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 nd executed and \n-00044720: 6561 6368 2066 696c 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 each file.loaded\n-00044730: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 5450 4d20 6576 into the TPM ev\n-00044740: 656e 7420 6c6f 6720 616e 6420 6578 7465 ent log and exte\n-00044750: 6e64 2074 6865 2050 4352 2076 616c 7565 nd the PCR value\n-00044760: 7320 696e 2074 6865 2054 504d 0a63 6f72 s in the TPM.cor\n-00044770: 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 6c79 2e20 2041 respondingly. A\n-00044780: 6c6c 2065 7665 6e74 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 ll events will b\n-00044790: 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 e logged into th\n-000447a0: 6520 5043 5220 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 e PCR described \n-000447b0: 6265 6c6f 770a 7769 7468 2061 2074 7970 below.with a typ\n-000447c0: 6520 6f66 2045 565f 4950 4c20 616e 6420 e of EV_IPL and \n-000447d0: 616e 2065 7665 6e74 2064 6573 6372 6970 an event descrip\n-000447e0: 7469 6f6e 2061 7320 6465 7363 7269 6265 tion as describe\n-000447f0: 6420 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 4576 656e 7420 d below...Event \n-00044800: 7479 7065 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 type \n-00044810: 2050 4352 2020 2020 2044 6573 6372 6970 PCR Descrip\n-00044820: 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tion.-----------\n+000446a0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2074 706d ====..If the tpm\n+000446b0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 module is loade\n+000446c0: 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f d and the platfo\n+000446d0: 726d 2068 6173 2061 2054 7275 7374 6564 rm has a Trusted\n+000446e0: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 4d6f 6475 6c65 Platform.Module\n+000446f0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2c20 4752 5542 installed, GRUB\n+00044700: 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 6720 6561 6368 2063 will log each c\n+00044710: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 ommand executed \n+00044720: 616e 6420 6561 6368 2066 696c 650a 6c6f and each file.lo\n+00044730: 6164 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 5450 aded into the TP\n+00044740: 4d20 6576 656e 7420 6c6f 6720 616e 6420 M event log and \n+00044750: 6578 7465 6e64 2074 6865 2050 4352 2076 extend the PCR v\n+00044760: 616c 7565 7320 696e 2074 6865 2054 504d alues in the TPM\n+00044770: 0a63 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 6c79 .correspondingly\n+00044780: 2e20 2041 6c6c 2065 7665 6e74 7320 7769 . All events wi\n+00044790: 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2069 6e74 ll be logged int\n+000447a0: 6f20 7468 6520 5043 5220 6465 7363 7269 o the PCR descri\n+000447b0: 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 770a 7769 7468 2061 bed below.with a\n+000447c0: 2074 7970 6520 6f66 2045 565f 4950 4c20 type of EV_IPL \n+000447d0: 616e 6420 616e 2065 7665 6e74 2064 6573 and an event des\n+000447e0: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2061 7320 6465 7363 cription as desc\n+000447f0: 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 4576 ribed below...Ev\n+00044800: 656e 7420 7479 7065 2020 2020 2020 2020 ent type \n+00044810: 2020 2020 2050 4352 2020 2020 2044 6573 PCR Des\n+00044820: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cription.-------\n 00044830: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00044840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00044850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00044860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00044870: 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Command \n-00044880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 8 \n-00044890: 416c 6c20 6578 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d All executed com\n-000448a0: 6d61 6e64 7320 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 mands (including\n-000448b0: 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 those. \n+00044870: 2d2d 2d2d 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2020 2020 ----.Command \n+00044880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3820 2020 8 \n+00044890: 2020 2020 416c 6c20 6578 6563 7574 6564 All executed\n+000448a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 2869 6e63 6c75 commands (inclu\n+000448b0: 6469 6e67 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 ding those. \n 000448c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000448d0: 2020 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2063 6f6e 6669 from confi\n-000448e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2920 guration files) \n-000448f0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 0a20 will be logged. \n-00044900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e an\n-00044920: 6420 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 7320 656e d measured as en\n-00044930: 7465 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 2070 7265 tered with a pre\n-00044940: 6669 7820 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 fix of. \n+000448d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2063 from c\n+000448e0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+000448f0: 6573 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 es) will be logg\n+00044900: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n+00044910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044920: 2020 616e 6420 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 and measured a\n+00044930: 7320 656e 7465 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 s entered with a\n+00044940: 2070 7265 6669 7820 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 prefix of. \n 00044950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044960: 2020 2020 2020 2267 7275 625f 636d 643a \"grub_cmd:\n-00044970: 2022 0a4b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e \".Kernel comman\n-00044980: 6420 6c69 6e65 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 d line 8 \n-00044990: 2020 416e 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 Any command li\n-000449a0: 6e65 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f 2061 206b ne passed to a k\n-000449b0: 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 ernel will. \n+00044960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2267 7275 625f \"grub_\n+00044970: 636d 643a 2022 0a4b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f cmd: \".Kernel co\n+00044980: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2020 2020 3820 mmand line 8 \n+00044990: 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 636f 6d6d 616e Any comman\n+000449a0: 6420 6c69 6e65 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f d line passed to\n+000449b0: 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 0a20 a kernel will. \n 000449c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000449d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6265 206c 6f67 be log\n-000449e0: 6765 6420 616e 6420 6d65 6173 7572 6564 ged and measured\n-000449f0: 2061 7320 656e 7465 7265 6420 7769 7468 as entered with\n-00044a00: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 a. \n+000449d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6265 be\n+000449e0: 206c 6f67 6765 6420 616e 6420 6d65 6173 logged and meas\n+000449f0: 7572 6564 2061 7320 656e 7465 7265 6420 ured as entered \n+00044a00: 7769 7468 2061 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 with a. \n 00044a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044a20: 2020 7072 6566 6978 206f 6620 226b 6572 prefix of \"ker\n-00044a30: 6e65 6c5f 636d 646c 696e 653a 2022 0a4d nel_cmdline: \".M\n-00044a40: 6f64 756c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 odule command li\n-00044a50: 6e65 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416e ne 8 An\n-00044a60: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2070 y command line p\n-00044a70: 6173 7365 6420 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 assed to a kerne\n-00044a80: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n+00044a20: 2020 2020 2020 7072 6566 6978 206f 6620 prefix of \n+00044a30: 226b 6572 6e65 6c5f 636d 646c 696e 653a \"kernel_cmdline:\n+00044a40: 2022 0a4d 6f64 756c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e \".Module comman\n+00044a50: 6420 6c69 6e65 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 d line 8 \n+00044a60: 2020 416e 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 Any command li\n+00044a70: 6e65 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f 2061 206b ne passed to a k\n+00044a80: 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ernel. \n 00044a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044aa0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 module will be \n-00044ab0: 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 206d 6561 7375 logged and measu\n-00044ac0: 7265 6420 6173 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 red as. \n+00044aa0: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7769 6c6c module will\n+00044ab0: 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 206d be logged and m\n+00044ac0: 6561 7375 7265 6420 6173 0a20 2020 2020 easured as. \n 00044ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044ae0: 2020 2020 2020 656e 7465 7265 6420 7769 entered wi\n-00044af0: 7468 2061 2070 7265 6669 7820 6f66 2022 th a prefix of \"\n-00044b00: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f63 6d64 6c69 6e65 3a0a module_cmdline:.\n-00044b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-00044b30: 0a46 696c 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Files \n-00044b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3920 2020 2020 2020 9 \n-00044b50: 416e 7920 6669 6c65 2072 6561 6420 6279 Any file read by\n-00044b60: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f GRUB will be lo\n-00044b70: 6767 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 gged and. \n+00044ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 656e 7465 7265 entere\n+00044af0: 6420 7769 7468 2061 2070 7265 6669 7820 d with a prefix \n+00044b00: 6f66 2022 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f63 6d64 6c69 of \"module_cmdli\n+00044b10: 6e65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ne:. \n+00044b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044b30: 2020 2022 0a46 696c 6573 2020 2020 2020 \".Files \n+00044b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3920 2020 9 \n+00044b50: 2020 2020 416e 7920 6669 6c65 2072 6561 Any file rea\n+00044b60: 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 d by GRUB will b\n+00044b70: 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 e logged and. \n 00044b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6173 7572 6564 measured\n-00044ba0: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6465 7363 7269 7074 with a descript\n-00044bb0: 6976 6520 7465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ive text. \n+00044b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6173 meas\n+00044ba0: 7572 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 6465 7363 ured with a desc\n+00044bb0: 7269 7074 6976 6520 7465 7874 0a20 2020 riptive text. \n 00044bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f correspo\n-00044be0: 6e64 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 2066 696c nding to the fil\n-00044bf0: 656e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 ename... GRUB \n-00044c00: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 206d 6561 7375 7265 will not measure\n-00044c10: 2069 7473 206f 776e 20e2 8098 636f 7265 its own ...core\n-00044c20: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 2d20 6974 2069 7320 .img... - it is \n-00044c30: 6578 7065 6374 6564 2074 6861 740a 6669 expected that.fi\n-00044c40: 726d 7761 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6361 7272 rmware will carr\n-00044c50: 7920 7468 6973 206f 7574 2e20 2047 5255 y this out. GRU\n-00044c60: 4220 7769 6c6c 2061 6c73 6f20 6e6f 7420 B will also not \n-00044c70: 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 616e 790a 6d65 6173 perform any.meas\n-00044c80: 7572 656d 656e 7473 2075 6e74 696c 2074 urements until t\n-00044c90: 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 he tpm module is\n-00044ca0: 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4173 2073 7563 loaded. As suc\n-00044cb0: 6820 6974 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e h it is recommen\n-00044cc0: 6465 640a 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 706d ded.that the tpm\n-00044cd0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6265 2062 7569 6c74 module be built\n-00044ce0: 2069 6e74 6f20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d into ...core.im\n-00044cf0: 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f g... in order to\n-00044d00: 2061 766f 6964 2061 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 avoid a.potenti\n-00044d10: 616c 2067 6170 2069 6e20 6d65 6173 7572 al gap in measur\n-00044d20: 656d 656e 7420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 e280 ement between ..\n-00044d30: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2062 6569 .core.img... bei\n-00044d40: 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 ng loaded and th\n-00044d50: 6520 7470 6d0a 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 6569 e tpm.module bei\n-00044d60: 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 204d ng loaded... M\n-00044d70: 6561 7375 7265 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 easured boot is \n-00044d80: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2073 currently only s\n-00044d90: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 4546 4920 upported on EFI \n-00044da0: 616e 6420 4942 4d20 4945 4545 3132 3735 and IBM IEEE1275\n-00044db0: 0a50 6f77 6572 5043 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 .PowerPC platfor\n-00044dc0: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n-00044dd0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c b.info, Node: L\n-00044de0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ockdown, Prev: \n-00044df0: 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 Measured Boot, \n-00044e00: 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 Up: Security..19\n-00044e10: 2e36 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 7768 656e .6 Lockdown when\n-00044e20: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 206f 6e20 6120 7365 booting on a se\n-00044e30: 6375 7265 2073 6574 7570 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d cure setup.=====\n+00044bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 7272 corr\n+00044be0: 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 esponding to the\n+00044bf0: 2066 696c 656e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 filename... G\n+00044c00: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 206d 6561 RUB will not mea\n+00044c10: 7375 7265 2069 7473 206f 776e 20e2 8098 sure its own ...\n+00044c20: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 2d20 6974 core.img... - it\n+00044c30: 2069 7320 6578 7065 6374 6564 2074 6861 is expected tha\n+00044c40: 740a 6669 726d 7761 7265 2077 696c 6c20 t.firmware will \n+00044c50: 6361 7272 7920 7468 6973 206f 7574 2e20 carry this out. \n+00044c60: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2061 6c73 6f20 GRUB will also \n+00044c70: 6e6f 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 616e 790a not perform any.\n+00044c80: 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2075 6e74 measurements unt\n+00044c90: 696c 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c il the tpm modul\n+00044ca0: 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4173 e is loaded. As\n+00044cb0: 2073 7563 6820 6974 2069 7320 7265 636f such it is reco\n+00044cc0: 6d6d 656e 6465 640a 7468 6174 2074 6865 mmended.that the\n+00044cd0: 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6265 2062 tpm module be b\n+00044ce0: 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 e280 9863 6f72 uilt into ...cor\n+00044cf0: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 e.img... in orde\n+00044d00: 7220 746f 2061 766f 6964 2061 0a70 6f74 r to avoid a.pot\n+00044d10: 656e 7469 616c 2067 6170 2069 6e20 6d65 ential gap in me\n+00044d20: 6173 7572 656d 656e 7420 6265 7477 6565 asurement betwee\n+00044d30: 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 n ...core.img...\n+00044d40: 2062 6569 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e being loaded an\n+00044d50: 6420 7468 6520 7470 6d0a 6d6f 6475 6c65 d the tpm.module\n+00044d60: 2062 6569 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a being loaded...\n+00044d70: 2020 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 626f 6f74 Measured boot\n+00044d80: 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e is currently on\n+00044d90: 6c79 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 ly supported on \n+00044da0: 4546 4920 616e 6420 4942 4d20 4945 4545 EFI and IBM IEEE\n+00044db0: 3132 3735 0a50 6f77 6572 5043 2070 6c61 1275.PowerPC pla\n+00044dc0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a tforms.....File:\n+00044dd0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00044de0: 653a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 e: Lockdown, Pr\n+00044df0: 6576 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f ev: Measured Boo\n+00044e00: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 t, Up: Security\n+00044e10: 0a0a 3139 2e36 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 ..19.6 Lockdown \n+00044e20: 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 206f 6e20 when booting on \n+00044e30: 6120 7365 6375 7265 2073 6574 7570 0a3d a secure setup.=\n 00044e40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044e50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044e60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2047 5255 =======..The GRU\n-00044e70: 4220 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 B can be locked \n-00044e80: 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 6564 down when booted\n-00044e90: 206f 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f on a secure boo\n-00044ea0: 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 0a66 t environment,.f\n-00044eb0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 6620 7468 or example if th\n-00044ec0: 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f e UEFI secure bo\n-00044ed0: 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 ot is enabled. \n-00044ee0: 4f6e 2061 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 646f 776e On a locked down\n-00044ef0: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 .configuration, \n-00044f00: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6265 the GRUB will be\n-00044f10: 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 616e 6420 restricted and \n-00044f20: 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732f some operations/\n-00044f30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a63 616e 6e6f 7420 commands.cannot \n-00044f40: 6265 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 be executed... \n-00044f50: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6c6f 636b 646f 776e The ...lockdown\n-00044f60: e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 ... variable is \n-00044f70: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2077 set to ...y... w\n-00044f80: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 7320 hen the GRUB is \n-00044f90: 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a4f 7468 locked down..Oth\n-00044fa0: 6572 7769 7365 2069 7420 646f 6573 206e erwise it does n\n-00044fb0: 6f74 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ot exit.....File\n-00044fc0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00044fd0: 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d de: Platform lim\n-00044fe0: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a itations, Next:\n-00044ff0: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 Platform-specif\n-00045000: 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 ic operations, \n-00045010: 5072 6576 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 2c20 Prev: Security, \n-00045020: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3230 2050 6c61 Up: Top..20 Pla\n-00045030: 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e tform limitation\n-00045040: 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s.**************\n-00045050: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4232 *********..GRUB2\n-00045060: 2069 7320 6465 7369 676e 6564 2074 6f20 is designed to \n-00045070: 6265 2070 6f72 7461 626c 6520 616e 6420 be portable and \n-00045080: 6973 2061 6374 7561 6c6c 7920 706f 7274 is actually port\n-00045090: 6564 2061 6372 6f73 730a 706c 6174 666f ed across.platfo\n-000450a0: 726d 732e 2020 5765 2074 7279 2074 6f20 rms. We try to \n-000450b0: 6b65 6570 2061 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 keep all platfor\n-000450c0: 6d73 2061 7420 7468 6520 6c65 7665 6c2e ms at the level.\n-000450d0: 2020 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 790a Unfortunately.\n-000450e0: 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 some platforms a\n-000450f0: 7265 2062 6574 7465 7220 7375 7070 6f72 re better suppor\n-00045100: 7465 6420 7468 616e 206f 7468 6572 732e ted than others.\n-00045110: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c This is detail\n-00045120: 6564 2069 6e0a 6375 7272 656e 7420 616e ed in.current an\n-00045130: 6420 3220 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7365 d 2 following se\n-00045140: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 416c 6c20 ctions... All \n-00045150: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 2061 platforms have a\n-00045160: 6e20 6172 7469 6669 6369 616c 6c79 2047 n artificially G\n-00045170: 5255 4220 696d 706f 7365 6420 6469 736b RUB imposed disk\n-00045180: 2073 697a 6520 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f size restrictio\n-00045190: 6e0a 6f66 2031 2045 6942 2e20 496e 2073 n.of 1 EiB. In s\n-000451a0: 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 732c 206c 6172 6765 ome cases, large\n-000451b0: 7220 6469 736b 2073 697a 6573 2063 616e r disk sizes can\n-000451c0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2c20 6275 7420 6163 be used, but ac\n-000451d0: 6365 7373 2077 696c 6c0a 6e6f 7420 6265 cess will.not be\n-000451e0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 6579 6f6e 6420 allowed beyond \n-000451f0: 3120 4569 422e 0a0a 2020 204c 554b 5332 1 EiB... LUKS2\n-00045200: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 6820 7369 devices with si\n-00045210: 7a65 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 616e 2031 ze larger than 1\n-00045220: 3620 4569 4220 6172 6520 6375 7272 656e 6 EiB are curren\n-00045230: 746c 7920 6e6f 740a 7375 7070 6f72 7465 tly not.supporte\n-00045240: 642e 2020 5468 6579 2063 616e 206e 6f74 d. They can not\n-00045250: 2062 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 6173 2063 be created as c\n-00045260: 7279 7074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 rypto devices by\n-00045270: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 736f cryptomount, so\n-00045280: 0a63 616e 206e 6f74 2065 7665 6e20 6265 .can not even be\n-00045290: 2070 6172 7469 616c 6c79 2072 6561 6420 partially read \n-000452a0: 6672 6f6d 2e20 204c 554b 5320 6861 7665 from. LUKS have\n-000452b0: 206e 6f20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 no limitations \n-000452c0: 6f74 6865 720a 7468 616e 2074 686f 7365 other.than those\n-000452d0: 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 imposed by the \n-000452e0: 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0a20 2020 4152 4320 format... ARC \n-000452f0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2069 7320 756e 6162 platform is unab\n-00045300: 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 616e 6765 2064 6174 le to change dat\n-00045310: 6574 696d 6520 2866 6972 6d77 6172 6520 etime (firmware \n-00045320: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7365 656d 2074 6f0a doesn't seem to.\n-00045330: 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6675 6e63 7469 provide a functi\n-00045340: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 7429 2e20 2045 4d55 on for it). EMU\n-00045350: 2068 6173 2073 696d 696c 6172 206c 696d has similar lim\n-00045360: 6974 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 itation... On \n-00045370: 454d 5520 706c 6174 666f 726d 206e 6f20 EMU platform no \n-00045380: 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 2061 serial port is a\n-00045390: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f vailable... Co\n-000453a0: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6368 6172 7365 7420 7265 nsole charset re\n-000453b0: 6665 7273 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2066 6972 fers only to fir\n-000453c0: 6d77 6172 652d 6173 7369 7374 6564 2063 mware-assisted c\n-000453d0: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 2067 6678 7465 726d onsole. gfxterm\n-000453e0: 2069 730a 616c 7761 7973 2055 6e69 636f is.always Unico\n-000453f0: 6465 2028 7365 6520 496e 7465 726e 6174 de (see Internat\n-00045400: 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2073 6563 ionalisation sec\n-00045410: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 7473 206c 696d tion for its lim\n-00045420: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 292e 0a53 6572 6961 itations)..Seria\n-00045430: 6c20 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c l is configurabl\n-00045440: 6520 746f 2055 5446 2d38 206f 7220 4153 e to UTF-8 or AS\n-00045450: 4349 4920 2873 6565 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 CII (see Interna\n-00045460: 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e29 2e20 tionalisation). \n-00045470: 2049 6e0a 6361 7365 206f 6620 7165 6d75 In.case of qemu\n-00045480: 2061 6e64 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 706f and coreboot po\n-00045490: 7274 7320 7468 6520 7265 6665 7265 6420 rts the refered \n-000454a0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6973 2076 6761 5f74 console is vga_t\n-000454b0: 6578 742e 0a4c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 616c ext..Loongson al\n-000454c0: 7761 7973 2075 7365 7320 6766 7874 6572 ways uses gfxter\n-000454d0: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 204d 6f73 7420 6c69 6d69 m... Most limi\n-000454e0: 7465 6420 6f6e 6520 6973 2041 5343 4949 ted one is ASCII\n-000454f0: 2e20 4350 3433 3720 7072 6f76 6964 6573 . CP437 provides\n-00045500: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 7073 additionally.ps\n-00045510: 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 2e20 2047 eudographics. G\n-00045520: 5255 4232 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2075 7365 RUB2 doesn't use\n-00045530: 2061 6e79 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 6368 any language ch\n-00045540: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2066 726f 6d20 4350 aracters from CP\n-00045550: 3433 3720 6173 0a6f 6674 656e 2043 5034 437 as.often CP4\n-00045560: 3337 2069 7320 7265 706c 6163 6564 2062 37 is replaced b\n-00045570: 7920 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 2065 6e63 6f64 y national encod\n-00045580: 696e 6720 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 206f ing compatible o\n-00045590: 6e6c 7920 696e 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 7261 nly in.pseudogra\n-000455a0: 7068 6963 732e 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 phics. Unicode \n-000455b0: 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7665 7273 is the most vers\n-000455c0: 6174 696c 6520 6368 6172 7365 7420 7768 atile charset wh\n-000455d0: 6963 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7473 0a6d 616e ich supports.man\n-000455e0: 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 732e 2020 486f y languages. Ho\n-000455f0: 7765 7665 7220 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c wever the actual\n-00045600: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 console may be \n-00045610: 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 much more limite\n-00045620: 640a 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2066 d.depending on f\n-00045630: 6972 6d77 6172 650a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2042 irmware.. On B\n-00045640: 494f 532c 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 7320 IOS, network is \n-00045650: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2069 supported only i\n-00045660: 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6973 206c f the image is l\n-00045670: 6f61 6465 6420 7468 726f 7567 680a 6e65 oaded through.ne\n-00045680: 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 4f6e 2073 7061 7263 twork. On sparc\n-00045690: 3634 2c20 4752 5542 2069 7320 756e 6162 64, GRUB is unab\n-000456a0: 6c65 2074 6f20 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 le to determine \n-000456b0: 7768 6963 6820 7365 7276 6572 2069 7420 which server it \n-000456c0: 7761 730a 626f 6f74 6564 2066 726f 6d2e was.booted from.\n-000456d0: 0a0a 2020 2044 6972 6563 7420 4154 412f .. Direct ATA/\n-000456e0: 4148 4349 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c AHCI support all\n-000456f0: 6f77 7320 746f 2063 6972 6375 6d76 656e ows to circumven\n-00045700: 7420 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6669 726d 7761 t various firmwa\n-00045710: 7265 0a6c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2062 re.limitations b\n-00045720: 7574 2069 736e 2774 206e 6565 6465 6420 ut isn't needed \n-00045730: 666f 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206f 7065 7261 for normal opera\n-00045740: 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7420 6f6e 2062 tion except on b\n-00045750: 6172 656d 6574 616c 0a70 6f72 7473 2e0a aremetal.ports..\n-00045760: 0a20 2020 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 . AT keyboard \n-00045770: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 206b support allows k\n-00045780: 6579 626f 6172 6420 6c61 796f 7574 2072 eyboard layout r\n-00045790: 656d 6170 7069 6e67 2061 6e64 2073 7570 emapping and sup\n-000457a0: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 7320 6e6f port for.keys no\n-000457b0: 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7468 726f t available thro\n-000457c0: 7567 6820 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2049 ugh firmware. I\n-000457d0: 7420 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 6564 2066 t isn't needed f\n-000457e0: 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 6f70 6572 6174 or normal.operat\n-000457f0: 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 2062 6172 656d ion except barem\n-00045800: 6574 616c 2070 6f72 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 etal ports... \n-00045810: 5370 6561 6b65 7220 616c 6c6f 7773 206d Speaker allows m\n-00045820: 6f72 7365 2061 6e64 2073 706b 6d6f 6465 orse and spkmode\n-00045830: 6d20 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 696f 6e2e m communication.\n-00045840: 0a0a 2020 2055 5342 2073 7570 706f 7274 .. USB support\n-00045850: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6265 6e65 6669 provides benefi\n-00045860: 7473 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 4154 ts similar to AT\n-00045870: 4120 2866 6f72 2055 5342 2064 6973 6b73 A (for USB disks\n-00045880: 2920 6f72 2041 540a 2866 6f72 2055 5342 ) or AT.(for USB\n-00045890: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6473 292e 2020 496e keyboards). In\n-000458a0: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 6974 2061 6c6c addition it all\n-000458b0: 6f77 7320 5553 4273 6572 6961 6c2e 0a0a ows USBserial...\n-000458c0: 2020 2043 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 Chainloading \n-000458d0: 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 refers to the ab\n-000458e0: 696c 6974 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e ility to load an\n-000458f0: 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 other bootloader\n-00045900: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a74 6865 2073 616d through.the sam\n-00045910: 6520 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 0a0a 2020 2048 e protocol.. H\n-00045920: 696e 7473 2061 6c6c 6f77 2066 6173 7465 ints allow faste\n-00045930: 7220 6469 736b 2064 6973 636f 7665 7279 r disk discovery\n-00045940: 2062 7920 616c 7265 6164 7920 6b6e 6f77 by already know\n-00045950: 696e 6720 696e 2061 6476 616e 6365 2077 ing in advance w\n-00045960: 6869 6368 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b hich.is the disk\n-00045970: 2069 6e20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f in question. O\n-00045980: 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 n some platforms\n-00045990: 2068 696e 7473 2061 7265 2063 6f72 7265 hints are corre\n-000459a0: 6374 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 796f 750a 6d6f ct unless you.mo\n-000459b0: 7665 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 6265 7477 ve the disk betw\n-000459c0: 6565 6e20 626f 6f74 732e 2020 4f6e 206f een boots. On o\n-000459d0: 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 ther platforms i\n-000459e0: 7427 7320 6a75 7374 2061 6e20 6564 7563 t's just an educ\n-000459f0: 6174 6564 0a67 7565 7373 2e20 204e 6f74 ated.guess. Not\n-00045a00: 6520 7468 6174 2068 696e 7420 6661 696c e that hint fail\n-00045a10: 7572 6520 7265 7375 6c74 7320 696e 206a ure results in j\n-00045a20: 7573 7420 7265 6475 6365 6420 7065 7266 ust reduced perf\n-00045a30: 6f72 6d61 6e63 652c 206e 6f74 0a61 2066 ormance, not.a f\n-00045a40: 6169 6c75 7265 0a0a 2020 2042 6164 5241 ailure.. BadRA\n-00045a50: 4d20 6973 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 M is the ability\n-00045a60: 2074 6f20 6d61 726b 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 to mark some of\n-00045a70: 2074 6865 2052 414d 2061 7320 2262 6164 the RAM as \"bad\n-00045a80: 222e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 6475 6520 746f \". Note: due to\n-00045a90: 0a70 726f 746f 636f 6c20 6c69 6d69 7461 .protocol limita\n-00045aa0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6d69 7073 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 tions mips-loong\n-00045ab0: 736f 6e20 2877 6974 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 son (with Linux \n-00045ac0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 616e 640a 6d69 protocol) and.mi\n-00045ad0: 7073 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2063 616e ps-qemu_mips can\n-00045ae0: 2075 7365 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 use only memory\n-00045af0: 2075 7020 746f 2066 6972 7374 2068 6f6c up to first hol\n-00045b00: 652e 0a0a 2020 2042 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 e... Bootlocat\n-00045b10: 696f 6e20 6973 2061 6269 6c69 7479 206f ion is ability o\n-00045b20: 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 f GRUB to automa\n-00045b30: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 2077 tically detect w\n-00045b40: 6865 7265 2069 740a 626f 6f74 7320 6672 here it.boots fr\n-00045b50: 6f6d 2e20 2022 6469 736b 2220 6d65 616e om. \"disk\" mean\n-00045b60: 7320 7468 6520 6465 7465 6374 696f 6e20 s the detection \n-00045b70: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6465 is limited to de\n-00045b80: 7465 6374 696e 6720 7468 6520 6469 736b tecting the disk\n-00045b90: 0a77 6974 6820 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 .with partition \n-00045ba0: 6265 696e 6720 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 being discovered\n-00045bb0: 206f 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 7469 6d65 on install time\n-00045bc0: 2e20 2022 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e22 206d . \"partition\" m\n-00045bd0: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a 6469 736b 2061 eans that.disk a\n-00045be0: 6e64 2070 6172 7469 746f 6e20 6361 6e20 nd partiton can \n-00045bf0: 6265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 be automatically\n-00045c00: 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 2266 discovered. \"f\n-00045c10: 696c 6522 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a ile\" means that.\n-00045c20: 626f 6f74 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 boot image file \n-00045c30: 6e61 6d65 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 name as well as \n-00045c40: 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 disk and partiti\n-00045c50: 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6469 7363 6f76 on can be discov\n-00045c60: 6572 6564 2e0a 466f 7220 636f 6e73 6973 ered..For consis\n-00045c70: 7465 6e63 792c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 tency, default i\n-00045c80: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6573 2070 nstall ignores p\n-00045c90: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2072 656c artition and rel\n-00045ca0: 6965 7320 736f 6c65 6c79 206f 6e0a 6469 ies solely on.di\n-00045cb0: 736b 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 sk detection. I\n-00045cc0: 6620 6e6f 2062 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f f no bootlocatio\n-00045cd0: 6e20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 6973 2061 n discovery is a\n-00045ce0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7220 626f 6f74 vailable or boot\n-00045cf0: 2061 6e64 0a67 7275 622d 726f 6f74 2064 and.grub-root d\n-00045d00: 6973 6b73 2061 7265 2064 6966 6665 7265 isks are differe\n-00045d10: 6e74 2c20 5555 4944 2069 7320 7573 6564 nt, UUID is used\n-00045d20: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 204f 6e20 4152 instead. On AR\n-00045d30: 4320 6966 206e 6f0a 6465 7669 6365 2074 C if no.device t\n-00045d40: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 746f 2069 7320 o install to is \n-00045d50: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2055 5549 4420 specified, UUID \n-00045d60: 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 6420 is used instead \n-00045d70: 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 as well... \n-00045d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 2020 BIOS \n-00045d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7265 626f 6f74 Coreboot\n-00045da0: 2020 2020 2020 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 Multiboot\n-00045db0: 2020 2020 2020 5165 6d75 0a76 6964 656f Qemu.video\n-00045dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00045dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00045de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045df0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6e 736f yes.conso\n-00045e00: 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 le CP437 \n-00045e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 CP437 \n-00045e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 CP437 \n-00045e30: 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 0a63 6861 CP437.cha\n-00045e40: 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 rset.network \n-00045e50: 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 yes (*) \n-00045e60: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00045e70: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00045e80: 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n-00045e90: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045ea0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045eb0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045ec0: 7965 730a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 yes.AT keyboard \n-00045ed0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045ee0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045ef0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f00: 7965 730a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 yes.Speaker \n-00045f10: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f20: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f30: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f40: 7965 730a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes.USB \n-00045f50: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f60: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f70: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f80: 7965 730a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 yes.chainloader \n-00045f90: 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 local \n-00045fa0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045fb0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045fc0: 6e6f 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.cpuid \n-00045fd0: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00045fe0: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00045ff0: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n-00046000: 6172 7469 616c 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 artial.rdmsr \n-00046010: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n-00046020: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n-00046030: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n-00046040: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a77 726d 7372 partial.wrmsr\n-00046050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 partia\n-00046060: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n-00046070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n-00046080: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a68 partial.h\n-00046090: 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 ints gu\n-000460a0: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 ess gue\n-000460b0: 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 ss gues\n-000460c0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 s guess\n-000460d0: 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .PCI \n-000460e0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-000460f0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00046100: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00046110: 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .badram \n-00046120: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00046130: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00046140: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00046150: 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 .compression \n-00046160: 616c 7761 7973 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 always p\n-00046170: 6f69 6e74 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 6e6f ointless no\n-00046180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-00046190: 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 exit y\n-000461a0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-000461b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-000461c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 no.b\n-000461d0: 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6469 ootlocation di\n-000461e0: 736b 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 sk no \n-000461f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 0a20 no.. \n-00046210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6961 ia\n-00046220: 3332 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 2061 6d64 32 EFI amd\n-00046230: 3634 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 64 EFI ia32\n-00046240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 7461 6e69 Itani\n-00046250: 756d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um. \n+00044e60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n+00044e70: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f63 GRUB can be loc\n+00044e80: 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f ked down when bo\n+00044e90: 6f74 6564 206f 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 oted on a secure\n+00044ea0: 2062 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e boot environmen\n+00044eb0: 742c 0a66 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 t,.for example i\n+00044ec0: 6620 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 f the UEFI secur\n+00044ed0: 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 e boot is enable\n+00044ee0: 642e 2020 4f6e 2061 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 d. On a locked \n+00044ef0: 646f 776e 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 down.configurati\n+00044f00: 6f6e 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c on, the GRUB wil\n+00044f10: 6c20 6265 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 l be restricted \n+00044f20: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 and some operati\n+00044f30: 6f6e 732f 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a63 616e ons/commands.can\n+00044f40: 6e6f 7420 6265 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e not be executed.\n+00044f50: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6c6f 636b .. The ...lock\n+00044f60: 646f 776e e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 down... variable\n+00044f70: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 is set to ...y.\n+00044f80: 8099 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 .. when the GRUB\n+00044f90: 2069 7320 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e2e is locked down.\n+00044fa0: 0a4f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2069 7420 646f .Otherwise it do\n+00044fb0: 6573 206e 6f74 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a es not exit.....\n+00044fc0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00044fd0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d Node: Platform\n+00044fe0: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 204e limitations, N\n+00044ff0: 6578 743a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 ext: Platform-sp\n+00045000: 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e ecific operation\n+00045010: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 6375 7269 s, Prev: Securi\n+00045020: 7479 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3230 ty, Up: Top..20\n+00045030: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 Platform limita\n+00045040: 7469 6f6e 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tions.**********\n+00045050: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 *************..G\n+00045060: 5255 4232 2069 7320 6465 7369 676e 6564 RUB2 is designed\n+00045070: 2074 6f20 6265 2070 6f72 7461 626c 6520 to be portable \n+00045080: 616e 6420 6973 2061 6374 7561 6c6c 7920 and is actually \n+00045090: 706f 7274 6564 2061 6372 6f73 730a 706c ported across.pl\n+000450a0: 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 5765 2074 7279 atforms. We try\n+000450b0: 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 2061 6c6c 2070 6c61 to keep all pla\n+000450c0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 7420 7468 6520 6c65 tforms at the le\n+000450d0: 7665 6c2e 2020 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 vel. Unfortunat\n+000450e0: 656c 790a 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 ely.some platfor\n+000450f0: 6d73 2061 7265 2062 6574 7465 7220 7375 ms are better su\n+00045100: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7468 616e 206f 7468 pported than oth\n+00045110: 6572 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6465 ers. This is de\n+00045120: 7461 696c 6564 2069 6e0a 6375 7272 656e tailed in.curren\n+00045130: 7420 616e 6420 3220 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e t and 2 followin\n+00045140: 6720 7365 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 g sections... \n+00045150: 416c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 All platforms ha\n+00045160: 7665 2061 6e20 6172 7469 6669 6369 616c ve an artificial\n+00045170: 6c79 2047 5255 4220 696d 706f 7365 6420 ly GRUB imposed \n+00045180: 6469 736b 2073 697a 6520 7265 7374 7269 disk size restri\n+00045190: 6374 696f 6e0a 6f66 2031 2045 6942 2e20 ction.of 1 EiB. \n+000451a0: 496e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 732c 206c In some cases, l\n+000451b0: 6172 6765 7220 6469 736b 2073 697a 6573 arger disk sizes\n+000451c0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2c20 6275 can be used, bu\n+000451d0: 7420 6163 6365 7373 2077 696c 6c0a 6e6f t access will.no\n+000451e0: 7420 6265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 6579 t be allowed bey\n+000451f0: 6f6e 6420 3120 4569 422e 0a0a 2020 204c ond 1 EiB... L\n+00045200: 554b 5332 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 UKS2 devices wit\n+00045210: 6820 7369 7a65 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 h size larger th\n+00045220: 616e 2031 3620 4569 4220 6172 6520 6375 an 16 EiB are cu\n+00045230: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6e6f 740a 7375 7070 rrently not.supp\n+00045240: 6f72 7465 642e 2020 5468 6579 2063 616e orted. They can\n+00045250: 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 not be created \n+00045260: 6173 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 as crypto device\n+00045270: 7320 6279 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 s by cryptomount\n+00045280: 2c20 736f 0a63 616e 206e 6f74 2065 7665 , so.can not eve\n+00045290: 6e20 6265 2070 6172 7469 616c 6c79 2072 n be partially r\n+000452a0: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2e20 204c 554b 5320 ead from. LUKS \n+000452b0: 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 have no limitati\n+000452c0: 6f6e 7320 6f74 6865 720a 7468 616e 2074 ons other.than t\n+000452d0: 686f 7365 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 2062 7920 hose imposed by \n+000452e0: 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0a20 2020 the format... \n+000452f0: 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2069 7320 ARC platform is \n+00045300: 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 616e 6765 unable to change\n+00045310: 2064 6174 6574 696d 6520 2866 6972 6d77 datetime (firmw\n+00045320: 6172 6520 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7365 656d are doesn't seem\n+00045330: 2074 6f0a 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6675 to.provide a fu\n+00045340: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 7429 2e20 nction for it). \n+00045350: 2045 4d55 2068 6173 2073 696d 696c 6172 EMU has similar\n+00045360: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 limitation... \n+00045370: 204f 6e20 454d 5520 706c 6174 666f 726d On EMU platform\n+00045380: 206e 6f20 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 no serial port \n+00045390: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 is available... \n+000453a0: 2020 436f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6368 6172 7365 Console charse\n+000453b0: 7420 7265 6665 7273 206f 6e6c 7920 746f t refers only to\n+000453c0: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652d 6173 7369 7374 firmware-assist\n+000453d0: 6564 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 2067 6678 ed console. gfx\n+000453e0: 7465 726d 2069 730a 616c 7761 7973 2055 term is.always U\n+000453f0: 6e69 636f 6465 2028 7365 6520 496e 7465 nicode (see Inte\n+00045400: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e rnationalisation\n+00045410: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 7473 section for its\n+00045420: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 292e 0a53 limitations)..S\n+00045430: 6572 6961 6c20 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 erial is configu\n+00045440: 7261 626c 6520 746f 2055 5446 2d38 206f rable to UTF-8 o\n+00045450: 7220 4153 4349 4920 2873 6565 2049 6e74 r ASCII (see Int\n+00045460: 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f ernationalisatio\n+00045470: 6e29 2e20 2049 6e0a 6361 7365 206f 6620 n). In.case of \n+00045480: 7165 6d75 2061 6e64 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f qemu and coreboo\n+00045490: 7420 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 7265 6665 t ports the refe\n+000454a0: 7265 6420 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6973 2076 red console is v\n+000454b0: 6761 5f74 6578 742e 0a4c 6f6f 6e67 736f ga_text..Loongso\n+000454c0: 6e20 616c 7761 7973 2075 7365 7320 6766 n always uses gf\n+000454d0: 7874 6572 6d2e 0a0a 2020 204d 6f73 7420 xterm... Most \n+000454e0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6f6e 6520 6973 2041 limited one is A\n+000454f0: 5343 4949 2e20 4350 3433 3720 7072 6f76 SCII. CP437 prov\n+00045500: 6964 6573 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c ides additionall\n+00045510: 790a 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 y.pseudographics\n+00045520: 2e20 2047 5255 4232 2064 6f65 736e 2774 . GRUB2 doesn't\n+00045530: 2075 7365 2061 6e79 206c 616e 6775 6167 use any languag\n+00045540: 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2066 726f e characters fro\n+00045550: 6d20 4350 3433 3720 6173 0a6f 6674 656e m CP437 as.often\n+00045560: 2043 5034 3337 2069 7320 7265 706c 6163 CP437 is replac\n+00045570: 6564 2062 7920 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 2065 ed by national e\n+00045580: 6e63 6f64 696e 6720 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ncoding compatib\n+00045590: 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 696e 0a70 7365 7564 le only in.pseud\n+000455a0: 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 556e 6963 ographics. Unic\n+000455b0: 6f64 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 ode is the most \n+000455c0: 7665 7273 6174 696c 6520 6368 6172 7365 versatile charse\n+000455d0: 7420 7768 6963 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7473 t which supports\n+000455e0: 0a6d 616e 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 732e .many languages.\n+000455f0: 2020 486f 7765 7665 7220 7468 6520 6163 However the ac\n+00045600: 7475 616c 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206d 6179 tual console may\n+00045610: 2062 6520 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 6c69 be much more li\n+00045620: 6d69 7465 640a 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 mited.depending \n+00045630: 6f6e 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 0a20 2020 on firmware.. \n+00045640: 4f6e 2042 494f 532c 206e 6574 776f 726b On BIOS, network\n+00045650: 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e is supported on\n+00045660: 6c79 2069 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 ly if the image \n+00045670: 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7468 726f 7567 is loaded throug\n+00045680: 680a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 4f6e 2073 h.network. On s\n+00045690: 7061 7263 3634 2c20 4752 5542 2069 7320 parc64, GRUB is \n+000456a0: 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6465 7465 726d unable to determ\n+000456b0: 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 7365 7276 6572 ine which server\n+000456c0: 2069 7420 7761 730a 626f 6f74 6564 2066 it was.booted f\n+000456d0: 726f 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2044 6972 6563 7420 rom... Direct \n+000456e0: 4154 412f 4148 4349 2073 7570 706f 7274 ATA/AHCI support\n+000456f0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2063 6972 6375 allows to circu\n+00045700: 6d76 656e 7420 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6669 mvent various fi\n+00045710: 726d 7761 7265 0a6c 696d 6974 6174 696f rmware.limitatio\n+00045720: 6e73 2062 7574 2069 736e 2774 206e 6565 ns but isn't nee\n+00045730: 6465 6420 666f 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206f ded for normal o\n+00045740: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7420 peration except \n+00045750: 6f6e 2062 6172 656d 6574 616c 0a70 6f72 on baremetal.por\n+00045760: 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4154 206b 6579 626f ts... AT keybo\n+00045770: 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f ard support allo\n+00045780: 7773 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6c61 796f ws keyboard layo\n+00045790: 7574 2072 656d 6170 7069 6e67 2061 6e64 ut remapping and\n+000457a0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 support for.key\n+000457b0: 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 s not available \n+000457c0: 7468 726f 7567 6820 6669 726d 7761 7265 through firmware\n+000457d0: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 . It isn't need\n+000457e0: 6564 2066 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 6f70 ed for normal.op\n+000457f0: 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 2062 eration except b\n+00045800: 6172 656d 6574 616c 2070 6f72 7473 2e0a aremetal ports..\n+00045810: 0a20 2020 5370 6561 6b65 7220 616c 6c6f . Speaker allo\n+00045820: 7773 206d 6f72 7365 2061 6e64 2073 706b ws morse and spk\n+00045830: 6d6f 6465 6d20 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 modem communicat\n+00045840: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2055 5342 2073 7570 ion... USB sup\n+00045850: 706f 7274 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6265 port provides be\n+00045860: 6e65 6669 7473 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 nefits similar t\n+00045870: 6f20 4154 4120 2866 6f72 2055 5342 2064 o ATA (for USB d\n+00045880: 6973 6b73 2920 6f72 2041 540a 2866 6f72 isks) or AT.(for\n+00045890: 2055 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 6473 292e USB keyboards).\n+000458a0: 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 6974 In addition it\n+000458b0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 5553 4273 6572 6961 allows USBseria\n+000458c0: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2043 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 l... Chainload\n+000458d0: 696e 6720 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 ing refers to th\n+000458e0: 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 206c 6f61 e ability to loa\n+000458f0: 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 6c6f d another bootlo\n+00045900: 6164 6572 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a74 6865 ader through.the\n+00045910: 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 0a0a same protocol..\n+00045920: 2020 2048 696e 7473 2061 6c6c 6f77 2066 Hints allow f\n+00045930: 6173 7465 7220 6469 736b 2064 6973 636f aster disk disco\n+00045940: 7665 7279 2062 7920 616c 7265 6164 7920 very by already \n+00045950: 6b6e 6f77 696e 6720 696e 2061 6476 616e knowing in advan\n+00045960: 6365 2077 6869 6368 0a69 7320 7468 6520 ce which.is the \n+00045970: 6469 736b 2069 6e20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e disk in question\n+00045980: 2e20 204f 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 . On some platf\n+00045990: 6f72 6d73 2068 696e 7473 2061 7265 2063 orms hints are c\n+000459a0: 6f72 7265 6374 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 796f orrect unless yo\n+000459b0: 750a 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 u.move the disk \n+000459c0: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 626f 6f74 732e 2020 between boots. \n+000459d0: 4f6e 206f 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 On other platfor\n+000459e0: 6d73 2069 7427 7320 6a75 7374 2061 6e20 ms it's just an \n+000459f0: 6564 7563 6174 6564 0a67 7565 7373 2e20 educated.guess. \n+00045a00: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2068 696e 7420 Note that hint \n+00045a10: 6661 696c 7572 6520 7265 7375 6c74 7320 failure results \n+00045a20: 696e 206a 7573 7420 7265 6475 6365 6420 in just reduced \n+00045a30: 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 652c 206e 6f74 performance, not\n+00045a40: 0a61 2066 6169 6c75 7265 0a0a 2020 2042 .a failure.. B\n+00045a50: 6164 5241 4d20 6973 2074 6865 2061 6269 adRAM is the abi\n+00045a60: 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6d61 726b 2073 6f6d lity to mark som\n+00045a70: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2052 414d 2061 7320 e of the RAM as \n+00045a80: 2262 6164 222e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 6475 \"bad\". Note: du\n+00045a90: 6520 746f 0a70 726f 746f 636f 6c20 6c69 e to.protocol li\n+00045aa0: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6d69 7073 2d6c mitations mips-l\n+00045ab0: 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2877 6974 6820 4c69 oongson (with Li\n+00045ac0: 6e75 7820 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 616e nux protocol) an\n+00045ad0: 640a 6d69 7073 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 d.mips-qemu_mips\n+00045ae0: 2063 616e 2075 7365 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 can use only me\n+00045af0: 6d6f 7279 2075 7020 746f 2066 6972 7374 mory up to first\n+00045b00: 2068 6f6c 652e 0a0a 2020 2042 6f6f 746c hole... Bootl\n+00045b10: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2061 6269 6c69 ocation is abili\n+00045b20: 7479 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6175 ty of GRUB to au\n+00045b30: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 tomatically dete\n+00045b40: 6374 2077 6865 7265 2069 740a 626f 6f74 ct where it.boot\n+00045b50: 7320 6672 6f6d 2e20 2022 6469 736b 2220 s from. \"disk\" \n+00045b60: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 6465 7465 6374 means the detect\n+00045b70: 696f 6e20 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 ion is limited t\n+00045b80: 6f20 6465 7465 6374 696e 6720 7468 6520 o detecting the \n+00045b90: 6469 736b 0a77 6974 6820 7061 7274 6974 disk.with partit\n+00045ba0: 696f 6e20 6265 696e 6720 6469 7363 6f76 ion being discov\n+00045bb0: 6572 6564 206f 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 ered on install \n+00045bc0: 7469 6d65 2e20 2022 7061 7274 6974 696f time. \"partitio\n+00045bd0: 6e22 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a 6469 n\" means that.di\n+00045be0: 736b 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 746f 6e20 sk and partiton \n+00045bf0: 6361 6e20 6265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 can be automatic\n+00045c00: 616c 6c79 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e ally discovered.\n+00045c10: 2020 2266 696c 6522 206d 6561 6e73 2074 \"file\" means t\n+00045c20: 6861 740a 626f 6f74 2069 6d61 6765 2066 hat.boot image f\n+00045c30: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7320 7765 6c6c ile name as well\n+00045c40: 2061 7320 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2070 6172 as disk and par\n+00045c50: 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6469 tition can be di\n+00045c60: 7363 6f76 6572 6564 2e0a 466f 7220 636f scovered..For co\n+00045c70: 6e73 6973 7465 6e63 792c 2064 6566 6175 nsistency, defau\n+00045c80: 6c74 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 lt install ignor\n+00045c90: 6573 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 es partition and\n+00045ca0: 2072 656c 6965 7320 736f 6c65 6c79 206f relies solely o\n+00045cb0: 6e0a 6469 736b 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e n.disk detection\n+00045cc0: 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2062 6f6f 746c 6f63 . If no bootloc\n+00045cd0: 6174 696f 6e20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 ation discovery \n+00045ce0: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7220 is available or \n+00045cf0: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 0a67 7275 622d 726f boot and.grub-ro\n+00045d00: 6f74 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 2064 6966 ot disks are dif\n+00045d10: 6665 7265 6e74 2c20 5555 4944 2069 7320 ferent, UUID is \n+00045d20: 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 204f used instead. O\n+00045d30: 6e20 4152 4320 6966 206e 6f0a 6465 7669 n ARC if no.devi\n+00045d40: 6365 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 746f ce to install to\n+00045d50: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2055 is specified, U\n+00045d60: 5549 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 UID is used inst\n+00045d70: 6561 6420 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a0a 2020 ead as well... \n+00045d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 494f BIO\n+00045d90: 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7265 S Core\n+00045da0: 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 204d 756c 7469 boot Multi\n+00045db0: 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 5165 6d75 0a76 boot Qemu.v\n+00045dc0: 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ideo ye\n+00045dd0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+00045de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00045df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 yes.c\n+00045e00: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 onsole CP\n+00045e10: 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 437 CP4\n+00045e20: 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 37 CP43\n+00045e30: 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 7 CP437\n+00045e40: 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b .charset.network\n+00045e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 yes (*) \n+00045e60: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00045e70: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00045e80: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 no.ATA/AHCI\n+00045e90: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045ea0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045eb0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045ec0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 4154 206b 6579 626f yes.AT keybo\n+00045ed0: 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 ard yes \n+00045ee0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045ef0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f00: 2020 2020 7965 730a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 yes.Speaker \n+00045f10: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f20: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f30: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f40: 2020 2020 7965 730a 5553 4220 2020 2020 yes.USB \n+00045f50: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f60: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f70: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f80: 2020 2020 7965 730a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 yes.chainloa\n+00045f90: 6465 7220 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 der local \n+00045fa0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045fb0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045fc0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 no.cpuid \n+00045fd0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n+00045fe0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n+00045ff0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n+00046000: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a72 646d 7372 partial.rdmsr\n+00046010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 partia\n+00046020: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n+00046030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n+00046040: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a77 partial.w\n+00046050: 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 rmsr pa\n+00046060: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n+00046070: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n+00046080: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n+00046090: 616c 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 al.hints \n+000460a0: 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+000460b0: 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+000460c0: 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 guess g\n+000460d0: 7565 7373 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 uess.PCI \n+000460e0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000460f0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046100: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046110: 2079 6573 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 yes.badram \n+00046120: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046130: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046140: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046150: 2079 6573 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e yes.compression\n+00046160: 2020 2020 616c 7761 7973 2020 2020 2020 always \n+00046170: 2020 2070 6f69 6e74 6c65 7373 2020 2020 pointless \n+00046180: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046190: 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n+000461a0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461b0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000461c0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000461d0: 6e6f 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 no.bootlocation \n+000461e0: 2020 6469 736b 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 disk \n+000461f0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046200: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046210: 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.. \n+00046220: 2020 6961 3332 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 ia32 EFI \n+00046230: 2061 6d64 3634 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 amd64 EFI \n+00046240: 6961 3332 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 ia32 I\n+00046250: 7461 6e69 756d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tanium. \n 00046260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00046270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00046280: 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a76 6964 656f 2020 IEEE1275.video \n-00046290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-000462a0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000462b0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000462c0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 no.console \n-000462d0: 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2020 Unicode \n-000462e0: 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2020 Unicode \n-000462f0: 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n-00046300: 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 650a 6368 6172 Unicode.char\n-00046310: 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 set.network \n-00046320: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046330: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046340: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046350: 7965 730a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 yes.ATA/AHCI \n-00046360: 2020 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6573 0a62 yes.b\n-00046690: 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6669 ootlocation fi\n-000466a0: 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c le fil\n-000466b0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 e file\n-000466c0: 2c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 650a , file.\n-000466d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00046280: 2020 2020 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a76 6964 IEEE1275.vid\n+00046290: 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 eo yes \n+000462a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+000462b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+000462c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 no.cons\n+000462d0: 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f ole Unico\n+000462e0: 6465 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 de Unicod\n+000462f0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 e ASCII \n+00046300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 650a Unicode.\n+00046310: 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 charset.network \n+00046320: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046330: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046340: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046350: 2020 2020 7965 730a 4154 412f 4148 4349 yes.ATA/AHCI\n+00046360: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046370: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046380: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046390: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 no.AT keyboa\n+000463a0: 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 rd yes \n+000463b0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000463c0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000463d0: 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 no.Speaker \n+000463e0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000463f0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046400: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046410: 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n+00046420: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046430: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046440: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046450: 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 no.chainloader \n+00046460: 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 local \n+00046470: 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 local \n+00046480: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046490: 6c6f 6361 6c0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 local.cpuid \n+000464a0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n+000464b0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n+000464c0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+000464d0: 2020 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 no.rdmsr \n+000464e0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n+000464f0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046500: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046510: 206e 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 no.wrmsr \n+00046520: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046530: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046540: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046550: 6e6f 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.hints \n+00046560: 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+00046570: 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+00046580: 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 good g\n+00046590: 7565 7373 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 uess.PCI \n+000465a0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465b0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465c0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465d0: 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 no.badram \n+000465e0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465f0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046600: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046610: 7965 730a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 yes.compression \n+00046620: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046630: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046640: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046650: 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n+00046660: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046670: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046680: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00046690: 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 es.bootlocation \n+000466a0: 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+000466b0: 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+000466c0: 6669 6c65 2c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 file, f\n+000466d0: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ile. \n 000466e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000466f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 676e ign\n-00046700: 6f72 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ored.. \n-00046710: 2020 2020 204c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2020 Loongson \n-00046720: 2020 2020 7370 6172 6336 3420 2020 2020 sparc64 \n-00046730: 2020 2050 6f77 6572 7063 2020 2020 2020 Powerpc \n-00046740: 2020 4152 430a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 ARC.video \n-00046750: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046760: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046770: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046780: 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 no.console \n-00046790: 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n-000467a0: 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n-000467b0: 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n-000467c0: 2041 5343 4949 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e ASCII.charset.n\n-000467d0: 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f etwork no\n-000467e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-000467f0: 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 (*) yes \n-00046800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 no.AT\n-00046810: 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 A/AHCI yes\n-00046820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 no.AT \n-00046850: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 keyboard yes \n-00046860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 no.Spea\n-00046890: 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 ker no \n-000468a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-000468b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-000468c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 no.USB \n-000468d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000468e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-000468f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046900: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c no.chainl\n-00046910: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 oader yes \n-00046920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046930: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046940: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 7075 6964 2020 no.cpuid \n-00046950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046960: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046970: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046980: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 no.rdmsr \n-00046990: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469a0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469b0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469c0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 no.wrmsr \n-000469d0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469e0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469f0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046a00: 2020 206e 6f0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 no.hints \n-00046a10: 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046a20: 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046a30: 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046a40: 2020 6e6f 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.PCI \n-00046a50: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046a60: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046a70: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046a80: 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 no.badram \n-00046a90: 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n-00046aa0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ab0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ac0: 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 no.compression \n-00046ad0: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2020 configurable \n-00046ae0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046af0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 no c\n-00046b00: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 650a 6578 6974 onfigurable.exit\n-00046b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00046b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00046b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 626f 6f74 yes.boot\n-00046b50: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 206e 6f20 2020 location no \n-00046b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 partit\n-00046b70: 696f 6e20 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 ion file \n-00046b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2028 2a29 file (*)\n-00046b90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n-00046ba0: 204d 4950 5320 7165 6d75 2020 2020 2020 MIPS qemu \n-00046bb0: 656d 7520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2078 emu x\n-00046bc0: 656e 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 en.video \n-00046bd0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046be0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046bf0: 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 no.console \n-00046c00: 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00046c10: 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2028 2a29 2020 2020 Unicode (*) \n-00046c20: 4153 4349 490a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 ASCII.charset.ne\n-00046c30: 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 twork no \n-00046c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 no.AT\n-00046c60: 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 A/AHCI yes\n-00046c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 no.AT\n-00046c90: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 keyboard yes\n-00046ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 no.Sp\n-00046cc0: 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 eaker no \n-00046cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 no.US\n-00046cf0: 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 2f41 B N/A\n-00046d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 no.ch\n-00046d20: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2079 6573 ainloader yes\n-00046d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 yes.c\n-00046d50: 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f puid no\n-00046d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00046d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-00046d80: 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e rdmsr n\n-00046d90: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00046db0: 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .wrmsr \n-00046dc0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046dd0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n-00046de0: 730a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 s.hints \n-00046df0: 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-00046e00: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046e10: 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.PCI \n-00046e20: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046e30: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046e40: 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.badram \n-00046e50: 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n-00046e60: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046e70: 6f0a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 o.compression \n-00046e80: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 2020 configurable \n-00046e90: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046ea0: 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.exit \n-00046eb0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ec0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-00046ed0: 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 o.bootlocation \n-00046ee0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ef0: 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e file n\n-00046f00: 6f0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e o....File: grub.\n-00046f10: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 info, Node: Pla\n-00046f20: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f tform-specific o\n-00046f30: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 perations, Next\n-00046f40: 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e : Supported kern\n-00046f50: 656c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 506c 6174 els, Prev: Plat\n-00046f60: 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 form limitations\n-00046f70: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3231 204f , Up: Top..21 O\n-00046f80: 7574 6c69 6e65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a utline.*********\n-00046f90: 2a0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d *..Some platform\n-00046fa0: 7320 6861 7665 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 s have features \n-00046fb0: 7768 6963 6820 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6f20 which allows to \n-00046fc0: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 736f 6d65 2063 implement some c\n-00046fd0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 7573 656c 6573 7320 ommands.useless \n-00046fe0: 6f72 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 or not implement\n-00046ff0: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 2e0a able on others..\n-00047000: 0a20 2020 5175 6963 6b20 7375 6d6d 6172 . Quick summar\n-00047010: 793a 0a0a 2020 2049 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 y:.. Informati\n-00047020: 6f6e 2072 6574 7269 6576 616c 3a0a 0a20 on retrieval:.. \n-00047030: 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f ... mipsel-loo\n-00047040: 6e67 736f 6e3a 206c 7373 7064 0a20 2020 ngson: lsspd. \n-00047050: e280 a220 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 3a20 6c73 ... mips-arc: ls\n-00047060: 6465 760a 2020 20e2 80a2 2065 6669 3a20 dev. ... efi: \n-00047070: 6c73 6566 6973 7973 7461 622c 206c 7373 lsefisystab, lss\n-00047080: 616c 2c20 6c73 6566 696d 6d61 702c 206c al, lsefimmap, l\n-00047090: 7365 6669 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 sefi. ... i386\n-000470a0: 2d70 633a 206c 7361 706d 0a20 2020 e280 -pc: lsapm. ..\n-000470b0: a220 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 743a . i386-coreboot:\n-000470c0: 206c 7363 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2063 6f72 lscoreboot, cor\n-000470d0: 6562 6f6f 745f 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 2c20 eboot_boottime, \n-000470e0: 6362 6d65 6d63 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6163 cbmemc. ... ac\n-000470f0: 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 2028 6933 3836 pi-enabled (i386\n-00047100: 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f -pc, i386-corebo\n-00047110: 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f ot, i386-multibo\n-00047120: 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 3a0a 2020 2020 ot, *-efi):. \n-00047130: 206c 7361 6370 690a 0a20 2020 576f 726b lsacpi.. Work\n-00047140: 6172 6f75 6e64 7320 666f 7220 706c 6174 arounds for plat\n-00047150: 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 form-specific is\n-00047160: 7375 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 sues:. ... i38\n-00047170: 362d 6566 692f 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 6-efi/x86_64-efi\n-00047180: 3a20 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 2c20 6661 6b65 : loadbios, fake\n-00047190: 6269 6f73 2c20 6669 785f 7669 6465 6f0a bios, fix_video.\n-000471a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 692d 656e 6162 ... acpi-enab\n-000471b0: 6c65 6420 2869 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 led (i386-pc, i3\n-000471c0: 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 86-coreboot, i38\n-000471d0: 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6-multiboot, *-e\n-000471e0: 6669 293a 2061 6370 690a 2020 2020 2028 fi): acpi. (\n-000471f0: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2041 4350 4920 7461 override ACPI ta\n-00047200: 626c 6573 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 bles). ... i38\n-00047210: 362d 7063 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 0a20 6-pc: drivemap. \n-00047220: 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2073 ... i386-pc: s\n-00047230: 656e 646b 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 6476 616e endkey.. Advan\n-00047240: 6365 6420 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2066 ced operations f\n-00047250: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 7273 3a0a or power users:.\n-00047260: 2020 20e2 80a2 2078 3836 3a20 696f 7277 ... x86: iorw\n-00047270: 2028 6469 7265 6374 2061 6363 6573 7320 (direct access \n-00047280: 746f 2049 2f4f 2070 6f72 7473 290a 0a20 to I/O ports).. \n-00047290: 2020 4d69 7363 656c 616e 656f 7573 3a0a Miscelaneous:.\n-000472a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 6d6f 7320 2878 3836 ... cmos (x86\n-000472b0: 2d2a 2c20 6965 6565 3132 3735 2c20 6d69 -*, ieee1275, mi\n-000472c0: 7073 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2c20 6d69 ps-qemu_mips, mi\n-000472d0: 7073 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e29 3a20 636d ps-loongson): cm\n-000472e0: 6f73 7465 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2875 7365 ostest. (use\n-000472f0: 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 d on some laptop\n-00047300: 7320 746f 2063 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2073 s to check for s\n-00047310: 7065 6369 616c 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 pecial power-on \n-00047320: 6b65 7929 2c20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e0a key), cmosclean.\n-00047330: 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 ... i386-pc: \n-00047340: 706c 6179 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 play....File: gr\n-00047350: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00047360: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c Supported kernel\n-00047370: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5472 6f75 626c s, Next: Troubl\n-00047380: 6573 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 eshooting, Prev\n-00047390: 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 : Platform-speci\n-000473a0: 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 fic operations, \n-000473b0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3232 2053 7570 Up: Top..22 Sup\n-000473c0: 706f 7274 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 7461 7267 ported boot targ\n-000473d0: 6574 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ets.************\n-000473e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a58 *************..X\n-000473f0: 3836 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 7375 86 support is su\n-00047400: 6d6d 6172 6973 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 mmarised in the \n-00047410: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c 652e following table.\n-00047420: 2020 2259 6573 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 \"Yes\" means th\n-00047430: 6174 2074 6865 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 776f at the.kernel wo\n-00047440: 726b 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e rks on the given\n-00047450: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2022 6372 6173 platform, \"cras\n-00047460: 6865 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2061 6e20 6561 hes\" means an ea\n-00047470: 726c 7920 6b65 726e 656c 0a63 7261 7368 rly kernel.crash\n-00047480: 2077 6869 6368 2077 6520 686f 7065 2077 which we hope w\n-00047490: 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6978 6564 2062 7920 ill be fixed by \n-000474a0: 636f 6e63 6572 6e65 6420 6b65 726e 656c concerned kernel\n-000474b0: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 732e 2020 226e developers. \"n\n-000474c0: 6f22 0a6d 6561 6e73 2047 5255 4220 646f o\".means GRUB do\n-000474d0: 6573 6e27 7420 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 2067 esn't load the g\n-000474e0: 6976 656e 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2061 iven kernel on a\n-000474f0: 2067 6976 656e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e given platform.\n-00047500: 0a22 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2220 6d65 616e .\"headless\" mean\n-00047510: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 s that the kerne\n-00047520: 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6275 7420 6c61 636b l works but lack\n-00047530: 7320 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6472 6976 6572 s console driver\n-00047540: 7320 2879 6f75 0a63 616e 2073 7469 6c6c s (you.can still\n-00047550: 2075 7365 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6f72 206e use serial or n\n-00047560: 6574 776f 726b 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 292e etwork console).\n-00047570: 2020 496e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2022 6e6f In case of \"no\n-00047580: 2220 616e 6420 2263 7261 7368 6573 220a \" and \"crashes\".\n-00047590: 7468 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 the reason is gi\n-000475a0: 7665 6e20 696e 2066 6f6f 746e 6f74 652e ven in footnote.\n-000475b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000466f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00046700: 2069 676e 6f72 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ignored.. \n+00046710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f6f 6e67 736f Loongso\n+00046720: 6e20 2020 2020 2020 7370 6172 6336 3420 n sparc64 \n+00046730: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6f77 6572 7063 2020 Powerpc \n+00046740: 2020 2020 2020 4152 430a 7669 6465 6f20 ARC.video \n+00046750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046770: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046780: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 no.console\n+00046790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 2020 N/A \n+000467a0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 ASCII \n+000467b0: 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 ASCII \n+000467c0: 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 0a63 6861 7273 ASCII.chars\n+000467d0: 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 et.network \n+000467e0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467f0: 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+00046800: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046810: 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 o.ATA/AHCI \n+00046820: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046830: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046840: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046850: 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 .AT keyboard \n+00046860: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046870: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+00046890: 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 206e Speaker n\n+000468a0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+000468b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+000468c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 no.U\n+000468d0: 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 SB ye\n+000468e0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n+000468f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+00046900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 no.ch\n+00046910: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2079 6573 ainloader yes\n+00046920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+00046930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 7075 no.cpu\n+00046950: 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 id no \n+00046960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7264 6d73 no.rdms\n+00046990: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 r no \n+000469a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+000469b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+000469c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a77 726d 7372 no.wrmsr\n+000469d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+000469e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+000469f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046a00: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6869 6e74 7320 no.hints \n+00046a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 good \n+00046a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 good \n+00046a30: 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 good \n+00046a40: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 4349 2020 2020 no.PCI \n+00046a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046a60: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046a70: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046a80: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 no.badram \n+00046a90: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 yes (*) \n+00046aa0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ab0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ac0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 no.compressi\n+00046ad0: 6f6e 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 on configurab\n+00046ae0: 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 le no \n+00046af0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b00: 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 650a configurable.\n+00046b10: 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e exit n\n+00046b20: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n+00046b30: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+00046b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00046b50: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 206e bootlocation n\n+00046b60: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 o pa\n+00046b70: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 2020 2020 2066 696c rtition fil\n+00046b80: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 e file\n+00046b90: 2028 2a29 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (*).. \n+00046ba0: 2020 2020 204d 4950 5320 7165 6d75 2020 MIPS qemu \n+00046bb0: 2020 2020 656d 7520 2020 2020 2020 2020 emu \n+00046bc0: 2020 2078 656e 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 xen.video \n+00046bd0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046be0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046bf0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 no.console \n+00046c00: 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00046c10: 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2028 2a29 Unicode (*)\n+00046c20: 2020 2020 4153 4349 490a 6368 6172 7365 ASCII.charse\n+00046c30: 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 t.network \n+00046c40: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c50: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046c60: 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 o.ATA/AHCI \n+00046c70: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046c80: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046c90: 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 o.AT keyboard \n+00046ca0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046cb0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046cc0: 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 o.Speaker \n+00046cd0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ce0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046cf0: 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.USB \n+00046d00: 204e 2f41 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n+00046d10: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046d20: 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 o.chainloader \n+00046d30: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046d40: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 no y\n+00046d50: 6573 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 es.cpuid \n+00046d60: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046d70: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046d80: 7965 730a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 yes.rdmsr \n+00046d90: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046da0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046db0: 2079 6573 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 yes.wrmsr \n+00046dc0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046dd0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046de0: 2020 7965 730a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 yes.hints \n+00046df0: 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+00046e00: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e10: 2020 206e 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 no.PCI \n+00046e20: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e30: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e40: 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 no.badram \n+00046e50: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+00046e60: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e70: 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f no.compressio\n+00046e80: 6e20 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c n configurabl\n+00046e90: 6520 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e no \n+00046ea0: 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n+00046eb0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ec0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046ed0: 2020 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 no.bootlocati\n+00046ee0: 6f6e 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 on no \n+00046ef0: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+00046f00: 2020 206e 6f0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 no....File: g\n+00046f10: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00046f20: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 Platform-specif\n+00046f30: 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 ic operations, \n+00046f40: 4e65 7874 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 Next: Supported \n+00046f50: 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 kernels, Prev: \n+00046f60: 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 Platform limitat\n+00046f70: 696f 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ions, Up: Top..\n+00046f80: 3231 204f 7574 6c69 6e65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 21 Outline.*****\n+00046f90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 *****..Some plat\n+00046fa0: 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 2066 6561 7475 forms have featu\n+00046fb0: 7265 7320 7768 6963 6820 616c 6c6f 7773 res which allows\n+00046fc0: 2074 6f20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 736f to implement so\n+00046fd0: 6d65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 7573 656c me commands.usel\n+00046fe0: 6573 7320 6f72 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 ess or not imple\n+00046ff0: 6d65 6e74 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 mentable on othe\n+00047000: 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6963 6b20 7375 rs... Quick su\n+00047010: 6d6d 6172 793a 0a0a 2020 2049 6e66 6f72 mmary:.. Infor\n+00047020: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7269 6576 616c mation retrieval\n+00047030: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 656c :.. ... mipsel\n+00047040: 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e3a 206c 7373 7064 -loongson: lsspd\n+00047050: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 . ... mips-arc\n+00047060: 3a20 6c73 6465 760a 2020 20e2 80a2 2065 : lsdev. ... e\n+00047070: 6669 3a20 6c73 6566 6973 7973 7461 622c fi: lsefisystab,\n+00047080: 206c 7373 616c 2c20 6c73 6566 696d 6d61 lssal, lsefimma\n+00047090: 702c 206c 7365 6669 0a20 2020 e280 a220 p, lsefi. ... \n+000470a0: 6933 3836 2d70 633a 206c 7361 706d 0a20 i386-pc: lsapm. \n+000470b0: 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 ... i386-coreb\n+000470c0: 6f6f 743a 206c 7363 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c oot: lscoreboot,\n+000470d0: 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f 626f 6f74 7469 coreboot_bootti\n+000470e0: 6d65 2c20 6362 6d65 6d63 0a20 2020 e280 me, cbmemc. ..\n+000470f0: a220 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 2028 . acpi-enabled (\n+00047100: 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 636f i386-pc, i386-co\n+00047110: 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c reboot, i386-mul\n+00047120: 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 3a0a tiboot, *-efi):.\n+00047130: 2020 2020 206c 7361 6370 690a 0a20 2020 lsacpi.. \n+00047140: 576f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 7320 666f 7220 Workarounds for \n+00047150: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 platform-specifi\n+00047160: 6320 6973 7375 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 c issues:. ...\n+00047170: 2069 3338 362d 6566 692f 7838 365f 3634 i386-efi/x86_64\n+00047180: 2d65 6669 3a20 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 2c20 -efi: loadbios, \n+00047190: 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 2c20 6669 785f 7669 fakebios, fix_vi\n+000471a0: 6465 6f0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 692d deo. ... acpi-\n+000471b0: 656e 6162 6c65 6420 2869 3338 362d 7063 enabled (i386-pc\n+000471c0: 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c , i386-coreboot,\n+000471d0: 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c i386-multiboot,\n+000471e0: 202a 2d65 6669 293a 2061 6370 690a 2020 *-efi): acpi. \n+000471f0: 2020 2028 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2041 4350 (override ACP\n+00047200: 4920 7461 626c 6573 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 I tables). ...\n+00047210: 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6472 6976 656d i386-pc: drivem\n+00047220: 6170 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 ap. ... i386-p\n+00047230: 633a 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 c: sendkey.. A\n+00047240: 6476 616e 6365 6420 6f70 6572 6174 696f dvanced operatio\n+00047250: 6e73 2066 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 ns for power use\n+00047260: 7273 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2078 3836 3a20 rs:. ... x86: \n+00047270: 696f 7277 2028 6469 7265 6374 2061 6363 iorw (direct acc\n+00047280: 6573 7320 746f 2049 2f4f 2070 6f72 7473 ess to I/O ports\n+00047290: 290a 0a20 2020 4d69 7363 656c 616e 656f ).. Miscelaneo\n+000472a0: 7573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 6d6f 7320 us:. ... cmos \n+000472b0: 2878 3836 2d2a 2c20 6965 6565 3132 3735 (x86-*, ieee1275\n+000472c0: 2c20 6d69 7073 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 , mips-qemu_mips\n+000472d0: 2c20 6d69 7073 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e29 , mips-loongson)\n+000472e0: 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 0a20 2020 2020 : cmostest. \n+000472f0: 2875 7365 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 6c61 (used on some la\n+00047300: 7074 6f70 7320 746f 2063 6865 636b 2066 ptops to check f\n+00047310: 6f72 2073 7065 6369 616c 2070 6f77 6572 or special power\n+00047320: 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7929 2c20 636d 6f73 636c -on key), cmoscl\n+00047330: 6561 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d ean. ... i386-\n+00047340: 7063 3a20 706c 6179 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 pc: play....File\n+00047350: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00047360: 6465 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 de: Supported ke\n+00047370: 726e 656c 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5472 rnels, Next: Tr\n+00047380: 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 oubleshooting, \n+00047390: 5072 6576 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 Prev: Platform-s\n+000473a0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f pecific operatio\n+000473b0: 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3232 ns, Up: Top..22\n+000473c0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 Supported boot \n+000473d0: 7461 7267 6574 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a targets.********\n+000473e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000473f0: 2a0a 0a58 3836 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 *..X86 support i\n+00047400: 7320 7375 6d6d 6172 6973 6564 2069 6e20 s summarised in \n+00047410: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 the following ta\n+00047420: 626c 652e 2020 2259 6573 2220 6d65 616e ble. \"Yes\" mean\n+00047430: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a6b 6572 6e65 s that the.kerne\n+00047440: 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2067 l works on the g\n+00047450: 6976 656e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2022 iven platform, \"\n+00047460: 6372 6173 6865 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2061 crashes\" means a\n+00047470: 6e20 6561 726c 7920 6b65 726e 656c 0a63 n early kernel.c\n+00047480: 7261 7368 2077 6869 6368 2077 6520 686f rash which we ho\n+00047490: 7065 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6978 6564 pe will be fixed\n+000474a0: 2062 7920 636f 6e63 6572 6e65 6420 6b65 by concerned ke\n+000474b0: 726e 656c 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 732e rnel developers.\n+000474c0: 2020 226e 6f22 0a6d 6561 6e73 2047 5255 \"no\".means GRU\n+000474d0: 4220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6c6f 6164 2074 B doesn't load t\n+000474e0: 6865 2067 6976 656e 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 he given kernel \n+000474f0: 6f6e 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 6c61 7466 on a given platf\n+00047500: 6f72 6d2e 0a22 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2220 orm..\"headless\" \n+00047510: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 206b means that the k\n+00047520: 6572 6e65 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6275 7420 ernel works but \n+00047530: 6c61 636b 7320 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6472 lacks console dr\n+00047540: 6976 6572 7320 2879 6f75 0a63 616e 2073 ivers (you.can s\n+00047550: 7469 6c6c 2075 7365 2073 6572 6961 6c20 till use serial \n+00047560: 6f72 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 6f6e 736f or network conso\n+00047570: 6c65 292e 2020 496e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 le). In case of\n+00047580: 2022 6e6f 2220 616e 6420 2263 7261 7368 \"no\" and \"crash\n+00047590: 6573 220a 7468 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2069 es\".the reason i\n+000475a0: 7320 6769 7665 6e20 696e 2066 6f6f 746e s given in footn\n+000475b0: 6f74 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ote.. \n 000475c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000475d0: 2020 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n-000475e0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 740a Coreboot.\n-000475f0: 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e BIOS chainloadin\n-00047600: 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g \n-00047610: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047620: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c no (1).NTL\n-00047630: 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 DR \n+000475d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2020 BIOS \n+000475e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f72 6562 Coreb\n+000475f0: 6f6f 740a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f oot.BIOS chainlo\n+00047600: 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ading \n+00047610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00047620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00047630: 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .NTLDR \n 00047640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047650: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047660: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 no (1).Plan9 \n-00047670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047690: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-000476a0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6564 6f73 2020 no (1).Freedos \n-000476b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000476c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-000476d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-000476e0: 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 (1).FreeBSD boot\n-000476f0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n-00047700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00047710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n-00047720: 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 s (1).32-bit kFr\n-00047730: 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeBSD \n-00047740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00047750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n-00047760: 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b hes (5).64-bit k\n-00047770: 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeBSD \n-00047780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n-000477a0: 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 ashes (5).32-bit\n-000477b0: 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-000477c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-000477d0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-000477e0: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 crashes (1).64-b\n-000477f0: 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 it kNetBSD \n+00047650: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047660: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c no (1).Pl\n+00047670: 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 an9 \n+00047680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047690: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000476a0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6564 no (1).Freed\n+000476b0: 6f73 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 os \n+000476c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000476d0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000476e0: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 no (1).FreeBSD \n+000476f0: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 bootloader \n+00047700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n+00047720: 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 ashes (1).32-bit\n+00047730: 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n+00047740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+00047750: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00047760: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 crashes (5).64-b\n+00047770: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kFreeBSD \n+00047780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047790: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000477a0: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 crashes (5).32\n+000477b0: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 -bit kNetBSD \n+000477c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000477d0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000477e0: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a crashes (1).\n+000477f0: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 64-bit kNetBSD \n 00047800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047810: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047820: 2020 6372 6173 6865 730a 3332 2d62 6974 crashes.32-bit\n-00047830: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n-00047840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047850: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00047860: 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e yes.64-bit kOpen\n-00047870: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00047890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 yes.Mu\n-000478a0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 ltiboot \n+00047810: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047820: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 730a 3332 crashes.32\n+00047830: 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 -bit kOpenBSD \n+00047840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047850: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047860: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b yes.64-bit k\n+00047870: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 OpenBSD \n+00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+000478a0: 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 s.Multiboot \n 000478b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000478c0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000478d0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f yes.Multiboo\n-000478e0: 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t2 \n-000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00047910: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 s.32-bit Linux (\n-00047920: 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 legacy protocol)\n-00047930: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 no (1).6\n-00047950: 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 4-bit Linux (leg\n-00047960: 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 acy protocol) \n-00047970: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047980: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 no (1).32-b\n-00047990: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e it Linux (modern\n-000479a0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-000479b0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000479c0: 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e yes.64-bit Lin\n-000479d0: 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f ux (modern proto\n-000479e0: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 col) yes \n-000479f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-00047a00: 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 32-bit XNU \n+000478c0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000478d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 yes.Mult\n+000478e0: 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot2 \n+000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047900: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047910: 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e yes.32-bit Lin\n+00047920: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n+00047930: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 col) yes \n+00047940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00047950: 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 1).64-bit Linux \n+00047960: 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (legacy protocol\n+00047970: 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ) yes \n+00047980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00047990: 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 32-bit Linux (mo\n+000479a0: 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 dern protocol) \n+000479b0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000479c0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 yes.64-bit\n+000479d0: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 Linux (modern p\n+000479e0: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 rotocol) y\n+000479f0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00047a00: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 yes.32-bit XNU \n 00047a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a20: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047a30: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 ?.64-bit X\n-00047a40: 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NU \n-00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n-00047a70: 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 32-bit EFI chain\n-00047a80: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n-00047a90: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047aa0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d no (2).64-\n-00047ab0: 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 bit EFI chainloa\n-00047ac0: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-00047ad0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047ae0: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c no (2).Applel\n-00047af0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n-00047b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00047b10: 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (2) \n-00047b20: 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2).. \n+00047a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00047a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 ?.64-b\n+00047a40: 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it XNU \n+00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047a60: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047a70: 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 ?.32-bit EFI c\n+00047a80: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 hainloader \n+00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 no (2) \n+00047aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n+00047ab0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 .64-bit EFI chai\n+00047ac0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloader \n+00047ad0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047ae0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 no (2).Ap\n+00047af0: 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 pleloader \n+00047b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047b10: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047b20: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 no (2).. \n 00047b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 756c Mul\n-00047b50: 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 5165 tiboot Qe\n-00047b60: 6d75 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 mu.BIOS chainloa\n-00047b70: 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding \n-00047b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 no (1) \n-00047b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n-00047ba0: 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTLDR \n+00047b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047b50: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot \n+00047b60: 2020 5165 6d75 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 Qemu.BIOS chai\n+00047b70: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloading \n+00047b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00047b90: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n+00047ba0: 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 (1).NTLDR \n 00047bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047bc0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047bd0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 no (1).Pla\n-00047be0: 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n9 \n+00047bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 no (1) \n+00047bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00047be0: 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Plan9 \n 00047bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c00: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047c10: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f no (1).FreeDO\n-00047c20: 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 S \n-00047c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00047c40: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n-00047c50: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 no (1).FreeBSD b\n-00047c60: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ootloader \n-00047c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n-00047c80: 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 hes (1) cra\n-00047c90: 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 shes (1).32-bit \n-00047ca0: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n-00047cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n-00047cc0: 6173 6865 7320 2835 2920 2020 2020 2063 ashes (5) c\n-00047cd0: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 rashes (5).64-bi\n-00047ce0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kFreeBSD \n+00047c00: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047c10: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 no (1).Fr\n+00047c20: 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeDOS \n+00047c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047c40: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047c50: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 no (1).FreeB\n+00047c60: 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 SD bootloader \n+00047c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047c80: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 crashes (1) \n+00047c90: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d crashes (1).32-\n+00047ca0: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 bit kFreeBSD \n+00047cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047cc0: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 2920 2020 crashes (5) \n+00047cd0: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 crashes (5).6\n+00047ce0: 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 4-bit kFreeBSD \n 00047cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047d00: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 2920 2020 2020 crashes (5) \n-00047d10: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d crashes (5).32-\n-00047d20: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 bit kNetBSD \n+00047d00: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 2920 crashes (5) \n+00047d10: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 crashes (5)\n+00047d20: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 .32-bit kNetBSD \n 00047d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047d40: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 crashes (1) \n-00047d50: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 crashes (1).6\n-00047d60: 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 4-bit kNetBSD \n-00047d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047d80: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047d90: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 yes.32-bit \n-00047da0: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n-00047db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00047dc0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-00047dd0: 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 es.64-bit kOpenB\n-00047de0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00047e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c yes.Mul\n-00047e10: 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot \n+00047d40: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n+00047d50: 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 ) crashes (\n+00047d60: 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 1).64-bit kNetBS\n+00047d70: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00047d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00047d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d yes.32-\n+00047da0: 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 bit kOpenBSD \n+00047db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047dc0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047dd0: 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f yes.64-bit kO\n+00047de0: 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 penBSD \n+00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00047e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047e10: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 .Multiboot \n 00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e30: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047e40: 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 yes.Multiboot\n-00047e50: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2 \n-00047e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00047e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047e80: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c .32-bit Linux (l\n-00047e90: 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 egacy protocol) \n-00047ea0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047eb0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 no (1).64\n-00047ec0: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 -bit Linux (lega\n-00047ed0: 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 cy protocol) \n-00047ee0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047ef0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 no (1).32-bi\n-00047f00: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 t Linux (modern \n-00047f10: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00047f20: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047f30: 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 yes.64-bit Linu\n-00047f40: 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 x (modern protoc\n-00047f50: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 ol) yes \n-00047f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 yes.3\n-00047f70: 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2-bit XNU \n+00047e30: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047e40: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 yes.Multi\n+00047e50: 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot2 \n+00047e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047e70: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047e80: 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 yes.32-bit Linu\n+00047e90: 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 x (legacy protoc\n+00047ea0: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 ol) no (1)\n+00047eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00047ec0: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ).64-bit Linux (\n+00047ed0: 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 legacy protocol)\n+00047ee0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n+00047ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 no (1).3\n+00047f00: 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 2-bit Linux (mod\n+00047f10: 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 ern protocol) \n+00047f20: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047f30: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 yes.64-bit \n+00047f40: 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 Linux (modern pr\n+00047f50: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 otocol) ye\n+00047f60: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n+00047f70: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 es.32-bit XNU \n 00047f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f90: 2020 2020 3f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00047fa0: 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e ?.64-bit XN\n-00047fb0: 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 U \n-00047fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f20 2020 ? \n-00047fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 ?.3\n-00047fe0: 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 2-bit EFI chainl\n-00047ff0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n-00048000: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00048010: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 no (2).64-b\n-00048020: 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 it EFI chainload\n-00048030: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00048040: 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00048050: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f no (2).Applelo\n-00048060: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-00048070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-00048080: 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (2) n\n-00048090: 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (2).. \n+00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f20 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00047fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 ?.64-bi\n+00047fb0: 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t XNU \n+00047fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047fd0: 3f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00047fe0: 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 ?.32-bit EFI ch\n+00047ff0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ainloader \n+00048000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 no (2) \n+00048010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n+00048020: 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 64-bit EFI chain\n+00048030: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+00048040: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00048050: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 no (2).App\n+00048060: 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 leloader \n+00048070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048080: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00048090: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 no (2).. \n 000480a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000480b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 ia32\n-000480c0: 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6d64 EFI amd\n-000480d0: 3634 2045 4649 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 64 EFI.BIOS chai\n-000480e0: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloading \n-000480f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00048100: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n-00048110: 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 (1).NTLDR \n+000480b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000480c0: 6961 3332 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 2020 ia32 EFI \n+000480d0: 2061 6d64 3634 2045 4649 0a42 494f 5320 amd64 EFI.BIOS \n+000480e0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 chainloading \n+000480f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048100: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048110: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n 00048120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 no (1) \n-00048140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00048150: 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Plan9 \n+00048130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00048140: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n+00048150: 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 (1).Plan9 \n 00048160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048170: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048180: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 no (1).Fr\n-00048190: 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeDOS \n+00048170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00048180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00048190: 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 ).FreeDOS \n 000481a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000481b0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-000481c0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 no (1).FreeB\n-000481d0: 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 SD bootloader \n-000481e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000481f0: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 crashes (1) \n-00048200: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d crashes (1).32-\n-00048210: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 bit kFreeBSD \n+000481b0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n+000481c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 no (1).F\n+000481d0: 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 reeBSD bootloade\n+000481e0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+000481f0: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 crashes (1) \n+00048200: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n+00048210: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 .32-bit kFreeBSD\n 00048220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048230: 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 headless \n-00048240: 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3634 2d62 headless.64-b\n-00048250: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kFreeBSD \n+00048230: 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 headless \n+00048240: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a headless.\n+00048250: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 64-bit kFreeBSD \n 00048260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048270: 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 headless \n-00048280: 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a33 322d 6269 headless.32-bi\n-00048290: 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 t kNetBSD \n+00048270: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 headless \n+00048280: 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a33 headless.3\n+00048290: 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2-bit kNetBSD \n 000482a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000482b0: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 crashes (1) \n-000482c0: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d crashes (1).64-\n-000482d0: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 bit kNetBSD \n+000482b0: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 crashes (1) \n+000482c0: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n+000482d0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 .64-bit kNetBSD \n 000482e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000482f0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048300: 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f yes.32-bit kO\n-00048310: 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 penBSD \n-00048320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 head\n-00048330: 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 less hea\n-00048340: 646c 6573 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 dless.64-bit kOp\n-00048350: 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enBSD \n-00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c headl\n-00048370: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 ess head\n-00048380: 6c65 7373 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 less.Multiboot \n-00048390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000483b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d yes.M\n-000483c0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot2 \n+000482f0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048300: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 yes.32-bi\n+00048310: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kOpenBSD \n+00048320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048330: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 headless \n+00048340: 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3634 2d62 6974 headless.64-bit\n+00048350: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n+00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 h\n+00048370: 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 eadless \n+00048380: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a4d 756c 7469 626f headless.Multibo\n+00048390: 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot \n+000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+000483b0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n+000483c0: 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 es.Multiboot2 \n 000483d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000483e0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000483f0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 yes.32-bit \n-00048400: 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 Linux (legacy pr\n-00048410: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f otocol) no\n-00048420: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n-00048430: 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e o (1).64-bit Lin\n-00048440: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n-00048450: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 col) no (1\n-00048460: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n-00048470: 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 1).32-bit Linux \n-00048480: 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (modern protocol\n-00048490: 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ) yes \n-000484a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d yes.64-\n-000484b0: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 bit Linux (moder\n-000484c0: 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 n protocol) \n-000484d0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000484e0: 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e yes.32-bit XN\n-000484f0: 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 U \n-00048500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00048510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00048520: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 .64-bit XNU \n+000483e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000483f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d yes.32-\n+00048400: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 bit Linux (legac\n+00048410: 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 y protocol) \n+00048420: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048430: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 no (1).64-bit\n+00048440: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 Linux (legacy p\n+00048450: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e rotocol) n\n+00048460: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n+00048470: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 no (1).32-bit Li\n+00048480: 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 nux (modern prot\n+00048490: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ocol) yes \n+000484a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+000484b0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d .64-bit Linux (m\n+000484c0: 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 odern protocol) \n+000484d0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000484e0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 yes.32-bi\n+000484f0: 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t XNU \n+00048500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048510: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048520: 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 yes.64-bit XNU \n 00048530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048540: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2834 2920 2020 yes (4) \n-00048550: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 yes.32-bi\n-00048560: 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 t EFI chainloade\n-00048570: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n-00048580: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048590: 206e 6f20 2833 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 no (3).64-bit E\n-000485a0: 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 FI chainloader \n-000485b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-000485c0: 2833 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 (3) ye\n-000485d0: 730a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 s.Appleloader \n-000485e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000485f0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 0a20 2020 yes.. \n-00048610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2834 yes (4\n+00048550: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 ) yes.3\n+00048560: 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 2-bit EFI chainl\n+00048570: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+00048580: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048590: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2833 290a 3634 2d62 no (3).64-b\n+000485a0: 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 it EFI chainload\n+000485b0: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n+000485c0: 206e 6f20 2833 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (3) \n+000485d0: 2020 7965 730a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 yes.Appleloade\n+000485e0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+000485f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00048600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00048610: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00048620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048630: 2020 6961 3332 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a ia32 IEEE1275.\n-00048640: 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e BIOS chainloadin\n-00048650: 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g \n-00048660: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 no (1).NTLD\n-00048670: 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 R \n+00048630: 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 2049 4545 4531 ia32 IEEE1\n+00048640: 3237 350a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 275.BIOS chainlo\n+00048650: 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ading \n+00048660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00048670: 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTLDR \n 00048680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048690: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n-000486a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-000486c0: 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 (1).FreeDOS \n+00048690: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e no (1).Plan\n+000486a0: 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 9 \n+000486b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000486c0: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 no (1).FreeDOS \n 000486d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n-000486f0: 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 FreeBSD bootload\n-00048700: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00048710: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n-00048720: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 .32-bit kFreeBSD\n-00048730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048740: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 crashes (5\n-00048750: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 ).64-bit kFreeBS\n-00048760: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-00048770: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-00048780: 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 5).32-bit kNetBS\n-00048790: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-000487a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n-000487b0: 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 (1).64-bit kNetB\n-000487c0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-000487d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 ?.32-bi\n-000487e0: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kOpenBSD \n+000486e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+000486f0: 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 (1).FreeBSD boot\n+00048700: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+00048710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n+00048720: 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 (1).32-bit kFre\n+00048730: 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eBSD \n+00048740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n+00048750: 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 s (5).64-bit kFr\n+00048760: 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeBSD \n+00048770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n+00048780: 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e es (5).32-bit kN\n+00048790: 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etBSD \n+000487a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n+000487b0: 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b hes (1).64-bit k\n+000487c0: 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NetBSD \n+000487d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 ?.3\n+000487e0: 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2-bit kOpenBSD \n 000487f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048800: 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 ?.64-bit kOpenBS\n-00048810: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-00048820: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a4d 756c 7469 626f ?.Multibo\n-00048830: 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot \n-00048840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n-00048850: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot2 \n+00048800: 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 ?.64-bit kOp\n+00048810: 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enBSD \n+00048820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a4d 756c ?.Mul\n+00048830: 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot \n+00048840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048850: 2020 3f0a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 ?.Multiboot2 \n 00048860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048870: 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 ?.32-bit Li\n-00048880: 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 nux (legacy prot\n-00048890: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ocol) no (\n-000488a0: 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 1).64-bit Linux \n-000488b0: 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (legacy protocol\n-000488c0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 ) no (1).3\n-000488d0: 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 2-bit Linux (mod\n-000488e0: 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 ern protocol) \n-000488f0: 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e ?.64-bit Lin\n-00048900: 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f ux (modern proto\n-00048910: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d col) ?.32-\n-00048920: 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 bit XNU \n+00048870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 ?.32-bi\n+00048880: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 t Linux (legacy \n+00048890: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+000488a0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 no (1).64-bit Li\n+000488b0: 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 nux (legacy prot\n+000488c0: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ocol) no (\n+000488d0: 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 1).32-bit Linux \n+000488e0: 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (modern protocol\n+000488f0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 ) ?.64-bit\n+00048900: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 Linux (modern p\n+00048910: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 203f rotocol) ?\n+00048920: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 .32-bit XNU \n 00048930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048940: 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 ?.64-bit XNU \n-00048950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 ?.32-bi\n-00048970: 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 t EFI chainloade\n-00048980: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n-00048990: 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 no (2).64-bit EF\n-000489a0: 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 I chainloader \n-000489b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-000489c0: 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2).Appleloader \n-000489d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000489e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a no (2)..\n-000489f0: 2020 312e 2052 6571 7569 7265 7320 4249 1. Requires BI\n-00048a00: 4f53 0a20 2032 2e20 4546 4920 6f6e 6c79 OS. 2. EFI only\n-00048a10: 0a20 2033 2e20 3332 2d62 6974 2061 6e64 . 3. 32-bit and\n-00048a20: 2036 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6861 7665 64-bit EFI have\n-00048a30: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2073 7472 7563 different struc\n-00048a40: 7475 7265 7320 616e 6420 776f 726b 2069 tures and work i\n-00048a50: 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 n. different\n-00048a60: 2043 5055 206d 6f64 6573 2073 6f20 6974 CPU modes so it\n-00048a70: 2773 206e 6f74 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 's not possible \n-00048a80: 746f 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 2033 322d to chainload 32-\n-00048a90: 6269 740a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 bit. bootloa\n-00048aa0: 6465 7220 6f6e 2036 342d 6269 7420 706c der on 64-bit pl\n-00048ab0: 6174 666f 726d 2061 6e64 2076 6963 652d atform and vice-\n-00048ac0: 7665 7273 610a 2020 342e 2053 6f6d 6520 versa. 4. Some \n-00048ad0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 modules may need\n-00048ae0: 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6973 6162 6c65 640a to be disabled.\n-00048af0: 2020 352e 2052 6571 7569 7265 7320 4143 5. Requires AC\n-00048b00: 5049 0a0a 2020 2050 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 PI.. PowerPC, \n-00048b10: 4941 3634 2061 6e64 2053 7061 7263 3634 IA64 and Sparc64\n-00048b20: 2070 6f72 7473 2073 7570 706f 7274 206f ports support o\n-00048b30: 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 782e 2020 4d49 5053 nly Linux. MIPS\n-00048b40: 2070 6f72 740a 7375 7070 6f72 7473 204c port.supports L\n-00048b50: 696e 7578 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 626f inux and multibo\n-00048b60: 6f74 322e 0a0a 3232 2e31 2042 6f6f 7420 ot2...22.1 Boot \n-00048b70: 7465 7374 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tests.==========\n-00048b80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 7320 796f 7520 6861 =====..As you ha\n-00048b90: 7665 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2070 7265 7669 ve seen in previ\n-00048ba0: 6f75 7320 6368 6170 7465 7220 7468 6520 ous chapter the \n-00048bb0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 7472 6978 2069 support matrix i\n-00048bc0: 7320 7072 6574 7479 2062 6967 0a61 6e64 s pretty big.and\n-00048bd0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6e some of the con\n-00048be0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 figurations are \n-00048bf0: 6f6e 6c79 2072 6172 656c 7920 7573 6564 only rarely used\n-00048c00: 2e20 2054 6f20 656e 7375 7265 2074 6865 . To ensure the\n-00048c10: 0a71 7561 6c69 7479 2062 6f6f 7463 6865 .quality bootche\n-00048c20: 636b 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c cks are availabl\n-00048c30: 6520 666f 7220 616c 6c20 7838 3620 7461 e for all x86 ta\n-00048c40: 7267 6574 7320 6578 6365 7074 2045 4649 rgets except EFI\n-00048c50: 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 4170 .chainloader, Ap\n-00048c60: 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 616e 6420 584e pleloader and XN\n-00048c70: 552e 2041 6c6c 2078 3836 2070 6c61 7466 U. All x86 platf\n-00048c80: 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 626f 6f74 6368 orms have bootch\n-00048c90: 6563 6b0a 6661 6369 6c69 7479 2065 7863 eck.facility exc\n-00048ca0: 6570 7420 6965 6565 3132 3735 2e20 204d ept ieee1275. M\n-00048cb0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 6d75 6c74 6962 ultiboot, multib\n-00048cc0: 6f6f 7432 2c20 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e oot2, BIOS chain\n-00048cd0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c0a 6e74 6c64 7220 616e loader,.ntldr an\n-00048ce0: 6420 6672 6565 6273 642d 626f 6f74 6c6f d freebsd-bootlo\n-00048cf0: 6164 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 7461 7267 6574 ader boot target\n-00048d00: 7320 6172 6520 7465 7374 6564 206f 6e6c s are tested onl\n-00048d10: 7920 7769 7468 2061 2066 616b 650a 6b65 y with a fake.ke\n-00048d20: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4f6e rnel images. On\n-00048d30: 6c79 204c 696e 7578 2069 7320 7465 7374 ly Linux is test\n-00048d40: 6564 2061 6d6f 6e67 2074 6865 2070 6179 ed among the pay\n-00048d50: 6c6f 6164 7320 7573 696e 6720 4c69 6e75 loads using Linu\n-00048d60: 780a 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 732e 0a0a 2020 x.protocols... \n-00048d70: 2046 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2076 6172 6961 Following varia\n-00048d80: 626c 6573 206d 7573 7420 6265 2064 6566 bles must be def\n-00048d90: 696e 6564 3a0a 0a47 5255 425f 5041 594c ined:..GRUB_PAYL\n-00048da0: 4f41 4453 5f44 4952 2020 2020 2020 6469 OADS_DIR di\n-00048db0: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 rectory containi\n-00048dc0: 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 ng the required \n-00048dd0: 6b65 726e 656c 730a 4752 5542 5f43 4246 kernels.GRUB_CBF\n-00048de0: 5354 4f4f 4c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 STOOL c\n-00048df0: 6266 7374 6f6f 6c20 6672 6f6d 2043 6f72 bfstool from Cor\n-00048e00: 6562 6f6f 7420 7061 636b 6167 6520 2866 eboot package (f\n-00048e10: 6f72 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 or coreboot. \n+00048940: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 ?.64-bit X\n+00048950: 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NU \n+00048960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 ?.3\n+00048970: 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 2-bit EFI chainl\n+00048980: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+00048990: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 no (2).64-bi\n+000489a0: 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 t EFI chainloade\n+000489b0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+000489c0: 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 no (2).Appleload\n+000489d0: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n+000489e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+000489f0: 3229 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 6571 7569 7265 2).. 1. Require\n+00048a00: 7320 4249 4f53 0a20 2032 2e20 4546 4920 s BIOS. 2. EFI \n+00048a10: 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2033 2e20 3332 2d62 6974 only. 3. 32-bit\n+00048a20: 2061 6e64 2036 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 and 64-bit EFI \n+00048a30: 6861 7665 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2073 have different s\n+00048a40: 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 616e 6420 776f tructures and wo\n+00048a50: 726b 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6665 rk in. diffe\n+00048a60: 7265 6e74 2043 5055 206d 6f64 6573 2073 rent CPU modes s\n+00048a70: 6f20 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2070 6f73 7369 o it's not possi\n+00048a80: 626c 6520 746f 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 ble to chainload\n+00048a90: 2033 322d 6269 740a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 32-bit. boo\n+00048aa0: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e 2036 342d 6269 tloader on 64-bi\n+00048ab0: 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 2061 6e64 2076 t platform and v\n+00048ac0: 6963 652d 7665 7273 610a 2020 342e 2053 ice-versa. 4. S\n+00048ad0: 6f6d 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6d61 7920 ome modules may \n+00048ae0: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6973 6162 need to be disab\n+00048af0: 6c65 640a 2020 352e 2052 6571 7569 7265 led. 5. Require\n+00048b00: 7320 4143 5049 0a0a 2020 2050 6f77 6572 s ACPI.. Power\n+00048b10: 5043 2c20 4941 3634 2061 6e64 2053 7061 PC, IA64 and Spa\n+00048b20: 7263 3634 2070 6f72 7473 2073 7570 706f rc64 ports suppo\n+00048b30: 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 782e 2020 rt only Linux. \n+00048b40: 4d49 5053 2070 6f72 740a 7375 7070 6f72 MIPS port.suppor\n+00048b50: 7473 204c 696e 7578 2061 6e64 206d 756c ts Linux and mul\n+00048b60: 7469 626f 6f74 322e 0a0a 3232 2e31 2042 tiboot2...22.1 B\n+00048b70: 6f6f 7420 7465 7374 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d oot tests.======\n+00048b80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 7320 796f =========..As yo\n+00048b90: 7520 6861 7665 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2070 u have seen in p\n+00048ba0: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6368 6170 7465 7220 revious chapter \n+00048bb0: 7468 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 7472 the support matr\n+00048bc0: 6978 2069 7320 7072 6574 7479 2062 6967 ix is pretty big\n+00048bd0: 0a61 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 .and some of the\n+00048be0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 configurations \n+00048bf0: 6172 6520 6f6e 6c79 2072 6172 656c 7920 are only rarely \n+00048c00: 7573 6564 2e20 2054 6f20 656e 7375 7265 used. To ensure\n+00048c10: 2074 6865 0a71 7561 6c69 7479 2062 6f6f the.quality boo\n+00048c20: 7463 6865 636b 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 tchecks are avai\n+00048c30: 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 616c 6c20 7838 lable for all x8\n+00048c40: 3620 7461 7267 6574 7320 6578 6365 7074 6 targets except\n+00048c50: 2045 4649 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 EFI.chainloader\n+00048c60: 2c20 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 616e , Appleloader an\n+00048c70: 6420 584e 552e 2041 6c6c 2078 3836 2070 d XNU. All x86 p\n+00048c80: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 626f latforms have bo\n+00048c90: 6f74 6368 6563 6b0a 6661 6369 6c69 7479 otcheck.facility\n+00048ca0: 2065 7863 6570 7420 6965 6565 3132 3735 except ieee1275\n+00048cb0: 2e20 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 6d75 . Multiboot, mu\n+00048cc0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2c20 4249 4f53 2063 ltiboot2, BIOS c\n+00048cd0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c0a 6e74 6c64 hainloader,.ntld\n+00048ce0: 7220 616e 6420 6672 6565 6273 642d 626f r and freebsd-bo\n+00048cf0: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 7461 otloader boot ta\n+00048d00: 7267 6574 7320 6172 6520 7465 7374 6564 rgets are tested\n+00048d10: 206f 6e6c 7920 7769 7468 2061 2066 616b only with a fak\n+00048d20: 650a 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 732e e.kernel images.\n+00048d30: 2020 4f6e 6c79 204c 696e 7578 2069 7320 Only Linux is \n+00048d40: 7465 7374 6564 2061 6d6f 6e67 2074 6865 tested among the\n+00048d50: 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 7573 696e 6720 payloads using \n+00048d60: 4c69 6e75 780a 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 732e Linux.protocols.\n+00048d70: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2076 .. Following v\n+00048d80: 6172 6961 626c 6573 206d 7573 7420 6265 ariables must be\n+00048d90: 2064 6566 696e 6564 3a0a 0a47 5255 425f defined:..GRUB_\n+00048da0: 5041 594c 4f41 4453 5f44 4952 2020 2020 PAYLOADS_DIR \n+00048db0: 2020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 directory cont\n+00048dc0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 aining the requi\n+00048dd0: 7265 6420 6b65 726e 656c 730a 4752 5542 red kernels.GRUB\n+00048de0: 5f43 4246 5354 4f4f 4c20 2020 2020 2020 _CBFSTOOL \n+00048df0: 2020 2063 6266 7374 6f6f 6c20 6672 6f6d cbfstool from\n+00048e00: 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 7061 636b 6167 Coreboot packag\n+00048e10: 6520 2866 6f72 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 740a e (for coreboot.\n 00048e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048e30: 2020 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6f6e 6c79 platform only\n-00048e40: 290a 4752 5542 5f43 4f52 4542 4f4f 545f ).GRUB_COREBOOT_\n-00048e50: 524f 4d20 2020 2020 2065 6d70 7479 2043 ROM empty C\n-00048e60: 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 524f 4d0a 4752 5542 oreboot 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oot.x86_64.kopen\n-00049050: 6273 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 bsd.i386 \n-00049060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 32-bit \n-00049070: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2062 OpenBSD kernel b\n-00049080: 7364 2e72 6420 696d 6167 650a 6b6f 7065 sd.rd image.kope\n-00049090: 6e62 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 3420 2020 2020 nbsd.x86_64 \n-000490a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 6d65 2066 same f\n-000490b0: 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e rom 64-bit kOpen\n-000490c0: 4253 440a 6c69 6e75 782e 6933 3836 2020 BSD.linux.i386 \n-000490d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000490e0: 2020 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 0a6c 32-bit Linux.l\n-000490f0: 696e 7578 2e78 3836 5f36 3420 2020 2020 inux.x86_64 \n-00049100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2036 342d 64-\n-00049110: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 780a 0a1f 0a46 696c bit Linux....Fil\n-00049120: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00049130: 6f64 653a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f ode: Troubleshoo\n-00049140: 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2055 7365 ting, Next: Use\n-00049150: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n-00049160: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 s, Prev: Suppor\n-00049170: 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 5570 ted kernels, Up\n-00049180: 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3320 4572 726f 7220 : Top..23 Error \n-00049190: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 726f 6475 6365 messages produce\n-000491a0: 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a d by GRUB.******\n+00048e30: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 platform \n+00048e40: 6f6e 6c79 290a 4752 5542 5f43 4f52 4542 only).GRUB_COREB\n+00048e50: 4f4f 545f 524f 4d20 2020 2020 2065 6d70 OOT_ROM emp\n+00048e60: 7479 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 524f 4d0a ty Coreboot ROM.\n+00048e70: 4752 5542 5f51 454d 555f 4f50 5453 2020 GRUB_QEMU_OPTS \n+00048e80: 2020 2020 2020 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 additiona\n+00048e90: 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2062 6520 l options to be \n+00048ea0: 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2074 6f20 5145 4d55 supplied to QEMU\n+00048eb0: 0a0a 2020 2052 6571 7569 7265 6420 6669 .. Required fi\n+00048ec0: 6c65 7320 6172 653a 0a0a 6b66 7265 6562 les are:..kfreeb\n+00048ed0: 7364 5f65 6e76 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 sd_env.i386 \n+00048ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 206b 32-bit k\n+00048ef0: 4672 6565 4253 4420 6465 7669 6365 2068 FreeBSD device h\n+00048f00: 696e 7473 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 642e 6933 ints.kfreebsd.i3\n+00048f10: 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 86 \n+00048f20: 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 4672 6565 4253 32-bit FreeBS\n+00048f30: 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b D kernel image.k\n+00048f40: 6672 6565 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 2c20 freebsd.x86_64, \n+00048f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d sam\n+00048f60: 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b46 e from 64-bit kF\n+00048f70: 7265 6542 5344 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 645f reeBSD.kfreebsd_\n+00048f80: 656e 762e 7838 365f 3634 0a6b 6e65 7462 env.x86_64.knetb\n+00048f90: 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 sd.i386 \n+00048fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 32-bit \n+00048fb0: 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6573 2070 726f ror messages pro\n+000491a0: 6475 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a2a duced by GRUB.**\n 000491b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000491c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 ************..* \n-000491d0: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e Menu:..* GRUB on\n-000491e0: 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 ly offers a resc\n-000491f0: 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 3a3a 0a2a 2046 6972 ue shell::.* Fir\n-00049200: 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 mware stalls ins\n-00049210: 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 tead of booting \n-00049220: 4752 5542 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 GRUB::....File: \n-00049230: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00049240: 3a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 : GRUB only offe\n-00049250: 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c rs a rescue shel\n-00049260: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 726d 7761 l, Next: Firmwa\n-00049270: 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 re stalls 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...pre\n-00049330: 6669 78e2 8099 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 fix....environme\n-00049340: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2061 nt variable to a\n-00049350: 2076 616c 7565 2073 6574 2069 6e20 7468 value set in th\n-00049360: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2062 7920 e core image by \n-00049370: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n-00049380: 8099 2c0a 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 ..,.setting the \n-00049390: e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 ...root... varia\n-000493a0: 626c 6520 746f 206d 6174 6368 2c20 6c6f ble to match, lo\n-000493b0: 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 ading the ...nor\n-000493c0: 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6672 mal... module fr\n-000493d0: 6f6d 0a74 6865 2070 7265 6669 782c 2061 om.the prefix, a\n-000493e0: 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 nd running the .\n-000493f0: 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 636f 6d6d ..normal... comm\n-00049400: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 and (*note norma\n-00049410: 6c3a 3a29 2e20 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This.comm\n-00049420: 616e 6420 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 and is responsib\n-00049430: 6c65 2066 6f72 2072 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 le for reading .\n-00049440: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 ../boot/grub/gru\n-00049450: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 7275 6e6e 696e b.cfg..., runnin\n-00049460: 6720 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 2c20 616e 6420 g the.menu, and \n-00049470: 646f 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 7573 doing all the us\n-00049480: 6566 756c 2074 6869 6e67 7320 4752 5542 eful things GRUB\n-00049490: 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f73 6564 2074 6f20 is supposed to \n-000494a0: 646f 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2c20 696e 7374 do... If, inst\n-000494b0: 6561 642c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6765 ead, you only ge\n-000494c0: 7420 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c t a rescue shell\n-000494d0: 2c20 7468 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d , this usually m\n-000494e0: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a 4752 5542 2066 eans that.GRUB f\n-000494f0: 6169 6c65 6420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 7468 ailed to load th\n-00049500: 6520 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d e ...normal... m\n-00049510: 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 736f 6d65 2072 odule for some r\n-00049520: 6561 736f 6e2e 2020 4974 206d 6179 2062 eason. It may b\n-00049530: 650a 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 776f e.possible to wo\n-00049540: 726b 2061 726f 756e 6420 7468 6973 2074 rk around this t\n-00049550: 656d 706f 7261 7269 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 emporarily: for \n-00049560: 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 6966 2074 6865 instance, if the\n-00049570: 2072 6561 736f 6e0a 666f 7220 7468 6520 reason.for the \n-00049580: 6661 696c 7572 6520 6973 2074 6861 7420 failure is that \n-00049590: e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2069 7320 ...prefix... is \n-000495a0: 7772 6f6e 6720 2870 6572 6861 7073 2069 wrong (perhaps i\n-000495b0: 7420 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 650a t refers to the.\n-000495c0: 7772 6f6e 6720 6465 7669 6365 2c20 6f72 wrong device, or\n-000495d0: 2070 6572 6861 7073 2074 6865 2070 6174 perhaps the pat\n-000495e0: 6820 746f 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 h to .../boot/gr\n-000495f0: 7562 e280 9920 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 636f ub... was not co\n-00049600: 7272 6563 746c 7920 6d61 6465 0a72 656c rrectly made.rel\n-00049610: 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 2064 6576 ative to the dev\n-00049620: 6963 6529 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 ice), then you c\n-00049630: 616e 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2074 6869 7320 an correct this \n-00049640: 616e 6420 656e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c and enter normal\n-00049650: 206d 6f64 650a 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 3a0a mode.manually:.\n-00049660: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 496e 7370 6563 7420 . # Inspect \n-00049670: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7072 6566 the current pref\n-00049680: 6978 2028 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 ix (and other pr\n-00049690: 6573 6574 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 293a eset variables):\n-000496a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 740a 2020 2020 2023 . set. #\n-000496b0: 2046 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 Find out which \n-000496c0: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 devices are avai\n-000496d0: 6c61 626c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 0a20 lable:. ls. \n-000496e0: 2020 2020 2320 5365 7420 746f 2074 6865 # Set to the\n-000496f0: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2076 616c 7565 2c20 correct value, \n-00049700: 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 which might be s\n-00049710: 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 206c 696b 6520 7468 omething like th\n-00049720: 6973 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 is:. set pre\n-00049730: 6669 783d 2868 6430 2c31 292f 6772 7562 fix=(hd0,1)/grub\n-00049740: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 . set root=(\n-00049750: 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 696e 736d hd0,1). insm\n-00049760: 6f64 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 206e od normal. n\n-00049770: 6f72 6d61 6c0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 ormal.. Howeve\n-00049780: 722c 2061 6e79 2070 726f 626c 656d 2074 r, any problem t\n-00049790: 6861 7420 6c65 6176 6573 2079 6f75 2069 hat leaves you i\n-000497a0: 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 n the rescue she\n-000497b0: 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a 6d65 616e ll probably.mean\n-000497c0: 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 s that GRUB was \n-000497d0: 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 696e not correctly in\n-000497e0: 7374 616c 6c65 642e 2020 4974 206d 6179 stalled. It may\n-000497f0: 2062 6520 6d6f 7265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 be more useful \n-00049800: 746f 0a74 7279 2074 6f20 7265 696e 7374 to.try to reinst\n-00049810: 616c 6c20 6974 2070 726f 7065 726c 7920 all it properly \n-00049820: 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e using ...grub-in\n-00049830: 7374 616c 6c20 4445 5649 4345 e280 9920 stall DEVICE... \n-00049840: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a (*note Invoking.\n-00049850: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e grub-install::).\n-00049860: 2020 5768 656e 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 When doing thi\n-00049870: 732c 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2061 2066 s, there are a f\n-00049880: 6577 2074 6869 6e67 7320 746f 2072 656d ew things to rem\n-00049890: 656d 6265 723a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2044 ember:.. ... D\n-000498a0: 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 696e rive ordering in\n-000498b0: 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 your operating \n-000498c0: 7379 7374 656d 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 system may not b\n-000498d0: 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7468 e the same as th\n-000498e0: 650a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6472 6976 e. boot driv\n-000498f0: 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2075 7365 6420 e ordering used \n-00049900: 6279 2079 6f75 7220 6669 726d 7761 7265 by your firmware\n-00049910: 2e20 2044 6f20 6e6f 7420 6173 7375 6d65 . Do not assume\n-00049920: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 that your. \n-00049930: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 7269 7665 first hard drive\n-00049940: 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 982f 6465 762f (e.g. .../dev/\n-00049950: 7364 61e2 8099 2920 6973 2074 6865 206f sda...) is the o\n-00049960: 6e65 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 2066 6972 ne that your fir\n-00049970: 6d77 6172 650a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 mware. will \n-00049980: 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 e280 9864 boot from. ...d\n-00049990: 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e evice.map... (*n\n-000499a0: 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a ote Device map::\n-000499b0: 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f ) can be used to\n-000499c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2074 . override t\n-000499d0: 6869 732c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6973 2075 his, but it is u\n-000499e0: 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6574 7465 7220 746f sually better to\n-000499f0: 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 206f 7220 6669 use UUIDs or fi\n-00049a00: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 206c le system. l\n-00049a10: 6162 656c 7320 616e 6420 6176 6f69 6420 abels and avoid \n-00049a20: 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2064 7269 depending on dri\n-00049a30: 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 656e 7469 ve ordering enti\n-00049a40: 7265 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4174 rely... ... At\n-00049a50: 206c 6561 7374 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 least on BIOS s\n-00049a60: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2074 ystems, if you t\n-00049a70: 656c 6c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 ell ...grub-inst\n-00049a80: 616c 6ce2 8099 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c all... to instal\n-00049a90: 6c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 l. GRUB to a\n-00049aa0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 7574 2047 partition but G\n-00049ab0: 5255 4220 6861 7320 616c 7265 6164 7920 RUB has already \n-00049ac0: 6265 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 been installed i\n-00049ad0: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6173 7465 n the. maste\n-00049ae0: 7220 626f 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 642c 2074 r boot record, t\n-00049af0: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e73 hen the GRUB ins\n-00049b00: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2074 6865 tallation in the\n-00049b10: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 partition. \n-00049b20: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e will be ignored.\n-00049b30: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 6620 706f 7373 .. ... If poss\n-00049b40: 6962 6c65 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6765 6e65 ible, it is gene\n-00049b50: 7261 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f20 6176 rally best to av\n-00049b60: 6f69 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 oid installing G\n-00049b70: 5255 4220 746f 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 RUB to a. pa\n-00049b80: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 2875 6e6c 6573 7320 rtition (unless \n-00049b90: 6974 2069 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 it is a special \n-00049ba0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 partition for th\n-00049bb0: 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2047 5255 420a 2020 e use of GRUB. \n-00049bc0: 2020 2061 6c6f 6e65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 alone, such a\n-00049bd0: 7320 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 s the BIOS Boot \n-00049be0: 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f Partition used o\n-00049bf0: 6e20 4750 5429 2e20 446f 696e 6720 7468 n GPT). Doing th\n-00049c00: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 616e 7320 7468 is. means th\n-00049c10: 6174 2047 5255 4220 6d61 7920 7374 6f70 at GRUB may stop\n-00049c20: 2062 6569 6e67 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 being able to r\n-00049c30: 6561 6420 6974 7320 636f 7265 2069 6d61 ead its core ima\n-00049c40: 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 610a 2020 2020 ge due to a. \n-00049c50: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f76 file system mov\n-00049c60: 696e 6720 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 726f 756e ing blocks aroun\n-00049c70: 642c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2077 6869 6c65 d, such as while\n-00049c80: 2064 6566 7261 676d 656e 7469 6e67 2c0a defragmenting,.\n-00049c90: 2020 2020 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2063 6865 running che\n-00049ca0: 636b 732c 206f 7220 6576 656e 2064 7572 cks, or even dur\n-00049cb0: 696e 6720 6e6f 726d 616c 206f 7065 7261 ing normal opera\n-00049cc0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e tion. Installin\n-00049cd0: 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7768 g to the. wh\n-00049ce0: 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2064 6576 6963 6520 ole disk device \n-00049cf0: 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 is normally more\n-00049d00: 2072 6f62 7573 742e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 robust... ...\n-00049d10: 2043 6865 636b 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 Check that GRUB\n-00049d20: 2061 6374 7561 6c6c 7920 6b6e 6f77 7320 actually knows \n-00049d30: 686f 7720 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d how to read from\n-00049d40: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e 6420 the device and \n-00049d50: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d file. system\n-00049d60: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 e280 982f containing .../\n-00049d70: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2e20 2049 boot/grub.... I\n-00049d80: 7420 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6162 t will not be ab\n-00049d90: 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d0a le to read from.\n-00049da0: 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 encrypted d\n-00049db0: 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 6820 756e 7375 evices with unsu\n-00049dc0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 pported encrypti\n-00049dd0: 6f6e 2073 6368 656d 652c 206e 6f72 2066 on scheme, nor f\n-00049de0: 726f 6d20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7379 rom file. sy\n-00049df0: 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 7768 6963 6820 stems for which \n-00049e00: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6861 7320 6e6f 7420 support has not \n-00049e10: 7965 7420 6265 656e 2061 6464 6564 2074 yet been added t\n-00049e20: 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a o GRUB...\n+000492f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 206e ======..GRUB's n\n+00049300: 6f72 6d61 6c20 7374 6172 742d 7570 2070 ormal start-up p\n+00049310: 726f 6365 6475 7265 2069 6e76 6f6c 7665 rocedure involve\n+00049320: 7320 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 s setting the ..\n+00049330: 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 0a65 6e76 6972 .prefix....envir\n+00049340: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+00049350: 746f 2061 2076 616c 7565 2073 6574 2069 to a value set i\n+00049360: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 n the core image\n+00049370: 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 by ...grub-inst\n+00049380: 616c 6ce2 8099 2c0a 7365 7474 696e 6720 all...,.setting \n+00049390: 7468 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2076 the ...root... v\n+000493a0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 206d 6174 6368 ariable to match\n+000493b0: 2c20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 , loading the ..\n+000493c0: 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 756c .normal... modul\n+000493d0: 6520 6672 6f6d 0a74 6865 2070 7265 6669 e from.the prefi\n+000493e0: 782c 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 x, and running t\n+000493f0: 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 he ...normal... \n+00049400: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206e command (*note n\n+00049410: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 730a ormal::). This.\n+00049420: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2072 6573 706f command is respo\n+00049430: 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2072 6561 6469 nsible for readi\n+00049440: 6e67 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ng .../boot/grub\n+00049450: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 7275 /grub.cfg..., ru\n+00049460: 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 2c20 nning the.menu, \n+00049470: 616e 6420 646f 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 and doing all th\n+00049480: 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6869 6e67 7320 e useful things \n+00049490: 4752 5542 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f73 6564 GRUB is supposed\n+000494a0: 2074 6f20 646f 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2c20 to do... If, \n+000494b0: 696e 7374 6561 642c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c instead, you onl\n+000494c0: 7920 6765 7420 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 y get a rescue s\n+000494d0: 6865 6c6c 2c20 7468 6973 2075 7375 616c hell, this usual\n+000494e0: 6c79 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a 4752 ly means that.GR\n+000494f0: 5542 2066 6169 6c65 6420 746f 206c 6f61 UB failed to loa\n+00049500: 6420 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 d the ...normal.\n+00049510: 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 736f .. module for so\n+00049520: 6d65 2072 6561 736f 6e2e 2020 4974 206d me reason. It m\n+00049530: 6179 2062 650a 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 ay be.possible t\n+00049540: 6f20 776f 726b 2061 726f 756e 6420 7468 o work around th\n+00049550: 6973 2074 656d 706f 7261 7269 6c79 3a20 is temporarily: \n+00049560: 666f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 6966 for instance, if\n+00049570: 2074 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e0a 666f 7220 the reason.for \n+00049580: 7468 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 6973 2074 the failure is t\n+00049590: 6861 7420 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 hat ...prefix...\n+000495a0: 2069 7320 7772 6f6e 6720 2870 6572 6861 is wrong (perha\n+000495b0: 7073 2069 7420 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 ps it refers to \n+000495c0: 7468 650a 7772 6f6e 6720 6465 7669 6365 the.wrong device\n+000495d0: 2c20 6f72 2070 6572 6861 7073 2074 6865 , or perhaps the\n+000495e0: 2070 6174 6820 746f 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f path to .../boo\n+000495f0: 742f 6772 7562 e280 9920 7761 7320 6e6f t/grub... was no\n+00049600: 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 6d61 6465 t correctly made\n+00049610: 0a72 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 .relative to the\n+00049620: 2064 6576 6963 6529 2c20 7468 656e 2079 device), then y\n+00049630: 6f75 2063 616e 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2074 ou can correct t\n+00049640: 6869 7320 616e 6420 656e 7465 7220 6e6f his and enter no\n+00049650: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a 6d61 6e75 616c rmal mode.manual\n+00049660: 6c79 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 496e 7370 ly:.. # Insp\n+00049670: 6563 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 ect the current \n+00049680: 7072 6566 6978 2028 616e 6420 6f74 6865 prefix (and othe\n+00049690: 7220 7072 6573 6574 2076 6172 6961 626c r preset variabl\n+000496a0: 6573 293a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 740a 2020 es):. set. \n+000496b0: 2020 2023 2046 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 # Find out wh\n+000496c0: 6963 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 ich devices are \n+000496d0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 available:. \n+000496e0: 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 2320 5365 7420 746f ls. # Set to\n+000496f0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2076 616c the correct val\n+00049700: 7565 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 ue, which might \n+00049710: 6265 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 206c 696b be something lik\n+00049720: 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 e this:. set\n+00049730: 2070 7265 6669 783d 2868 6430 2c31 292f prefix=(hd0,1)/\n+00049740: 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f grub. set ro\n+00049750: 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 ot=(hd0,1). \n+00049760: 696e 736d 6f64 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2020 insmod normal. \n+00049770: 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 0a20 2020 486f normal.. Ho\n+00049780: 7765 7665 722c 2061 6e79 2070 726f 626c wever, any probl\n+00049790: 656d 2074 6861 7420 6c65 6176 6573 2079 em that leaves y\n+000497a0: 6f75 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 ou in the rescue\n+000497b0: 2073 6865 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a shell probably.\n+000497c0: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 means that GRUB \n+000497d0: 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c was not correctl\n+000497e0: 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 642e 2020 4974 y installed. It\n+000497f0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6d6f 7265 2075 7365 may be more use\n+00049800: 6675 6c20 746f 0a74 7279 2074 6f20 7265 ful to.try to re\n+00049810: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6974 2070 726f 7065 install it prope\n+00049820: 726c 7920 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 rly using ...gru\n+00049830: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4445 5649 4345 b-install DEVICE\n+00049840: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n+00049850: 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing.grub-install\n+00049860: 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 656e 2064 6f69 6e67 ::). When doing\n+00049870: 2074 6869 732c 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 this, there are\n+00049880: 2061 2066 6577 2074 6869 6e67 7320 746f a few things to\n+00049890: 2072 656d 656d 6265 723a 0a0a 2020 20e2 remember:.. .\n+000498a0: 80a2 2044 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e .. Drive orderin\n+000498b0: 6720 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 g in your operat\n+000498c0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206d 6179 206e ing system may n\n+000498d0: 6f74 2062 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 ot be the same a\n+000498e0: 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 s the. boot \n+000498f0: 6472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2075 drive ordering u\n+00049900: 7365 6420 6279 2079 6f75 7220 6669 726d sed by your firm\n+00049910: 7761 7265 2e20 2044 6f20 6e6f 7420 6173 ware. Do not as\n+00049920: 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 0a20 sume that your. \n+00049930: 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 first hard d\n+00049940: 7269 7665 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 982f rive (e.g. .../\n+00049950: 6465 762f 7364 61e2 8099 2920 6973 2074 dev/sda...) is t\n+00049960: 6865 206f 6e65 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 he one that your\n+00049970: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 2020 2077 firmware. w\n+00049980: 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 ill boot from. \n+00049990: e280 9864 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 ...device.map...\n+000499a0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 206d (*note Device m\n+000499b0: 6170 3a3a 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 ap::) can be use\n+000499c0: 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 6572 7269 d to. overri\n+000499d0: 6465 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2069 7420 de this, but it \n+000499e0: 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6574 7465 is usually bette\n+000499f0: 7220 746f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 206f r to use UUIDs o\n+00049a00: 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 r file system. \n+00049a10: 2020 206c 6162 656c 7320 616e 6420 6176 labels and av\n+00049a20: 6f69 6420 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e oid depending on\n+00049a30: 2064 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 drive ordering \n+00049a40: 656e 7469 7265 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 entirely... ..\n+00049a50: a220 4174 206c 6561 7374 206f 6e20 4249 . At least on BI\n+00049a60: 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6966 2079 OS systems, if y\n+00049a70: 6f75 2074 656c 6c20 e280 9867 7275 622d ou tell ...grub-\n+00049a80: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2074 6f20 696e install... to in\n+00049a90: 7374 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 stall. GRUB \n+00049aa0: 746f 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 to a partition b\n+00049ab0: 7574 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 616c 7265 ut GRUB has alre\n+00049ac0: 6164 7920 6265 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ady been install\n+00049ad0: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d ed in the. m\n+00049ae0: 6173 7465 7220 626f 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 aster boot recor\n+00049af0: 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 d, then the GRUB\n+00049b00: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e20 696e installation in\n+00049b10: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 the partition. \n+00049b20: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6967 6e6f will be igno\n+00049b30: 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 6620 red... ... If \n+00049b40: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 6974 2069 7320 possible, it is \n+00049b50: 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 generally best t\n+00049b60: 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c69 o avoid installi\n+00049b70: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 0a20 2020 ng GRUB to a. \n+00049b80: 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 2875 6e6c partition (unl\n+00049b90: 6573 7320 6974 2069 7320 6120 7370 6563 ess it is a spec\n+00049ba0: 6961 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f ial partition fo\n+00049bb0: 7220 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2047 5255 r the use of GRU\n+00049bc0: 420a 2020 2020 2061 6c6f 6e65 2c20 7375 B. alone, su\n+00049bd0: 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 ch as the BIOS B\n+00049be0: 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7573 oot Partition us\n+00049bf0: 6564 206f 6e20 4750 5429 2e20 446f 696e ed on GPT). Doin\n+00049c00: 6720 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 616e g this. mean\n+00049c10: 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6d61 7920 s that GRUB may \n+00049c20: 7374 6f70 2062 6569 6e67 2061 626c 6520 stop being able \n+00049c30: 746f 2072 6561 6420 6974 7320 636f 7265 to read its core\n+00049c40: 2069 6d61 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 610a image due to a.\n+00049c50: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d file system\n+00049c60: 206d 6f76 696e 6720 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 moving blocks a\n+00049c70: 726f 756e 642c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2077 round, such as w\n+00049c80: 6869 6c65 2064 6566 7261 676d 656e 7469 hile defragmenti\n+00049c90: 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 ng,. running\n+00049ca0: 2063 6865 636b 732c 206f 7220 6576 656e checks, or even\n+00049cb0: 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e6f 726d 616c 206f during normal o\n+00049cc0: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6e73 7461 peration. Insta\n+00049cd0: 6c6c 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 lling to the. \n+00049ce0: 2020 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2064 6576 whole disk dev\n+00049cf0: 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 ice is normally \n+00049d00: 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 742e 0a0a 2020 more robust... \n+00049d10: 20e2 80a2 2043 6865 636b 2074 6861 7420 ... Check that \n+00049d20: 4752 5542 2061 6374 7561 6c6c 7920 6b6e GRUB actually kn\n+00049d30: 6f77 7320 686f 7720 746f 2072 6561 6420 ows how to read \n+00049d40: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 from the device \n+00049d50: 616e 6420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7379 and file. sy\n+00049d60: 7374 656d 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 stem containing \n+00049d70: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 .../boot/grub...\n+00049d80: 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 . It will not b\n+00049d90: 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2066 e able to read f\n+00049da0: 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 rom. encrypt\n+00049db0: 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 6820 ed devices with \n+00049dc0: 756e 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 656e 6372 unsupported encr\n+00049dd0: 7970 7469 6f6e 2073 6368 656d 652c 206e yption scheme, n\n+00049de0: 6f72 2066 726f 6d20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 or from file. \n+00049df0: 2020 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 7768 systems for wh\n+00049e00: 6963 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6861 7320 ich support has \n+00049e10: 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 6265 656e 2061 6464 not yet been add\n+00049e20: 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a ed to GRUB...\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-2", "source2": "grub.info-2", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3175 +1,3175 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 312e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7.1.1 from grub.\n 00000040: 7465 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 texi...This manu\n 00000050: 616c 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 al is for GNU GR\n 00000060: 5542 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 UB (version 2.12\n-00000070: 2c20 3130 204a 756c 7920 3230 3235 292e , 10 July 2025).\n-00000080: 0a0a 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 20c2 .. 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F\n-000001c0: 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 6820 oundation; with \n-000001d0: 6e6f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 no Invariant Sec\n-000001e0: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d tions..INFO-DIR-\n-000001f0: 5345 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c 0a53 SECTION Kernel.S\n-00000200: 5441 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e TART-INFO-DIR-EN\n-00000210: 5452 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 7275 TRY.* GRUB: (gru\n-00000220: 6229 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 b). \n-00000230: 2020 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 556e The GRand Un\n-00000240: 6966 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 ified Bootloader\n-00000250: 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a .* grub-install:\n-00000260: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n-00000270: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 2020 grub-install. \n-00000280: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e Install GRUB on\n-00000290: 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 6772 your drive.* gr\n-000002a0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 6772 ub-mkconfig: (gr\n-000002b0: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-000002c0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 6e65 -mkconfig. 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Make a GRU\n-00000390: 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a B rescue image.*\n-000003a0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 2028 6772 grub-mount: (gr\n-000003b0: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-000003c0: 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 204d -mount. M\n-000003d0: 6f75 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 ount a file syst\n-000003e0: 656d 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 em using GRUB.* \n-000003f0: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 2867 7275 grub-probe: (gru\n-00000400: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-00000410: 7072 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 probe. Pr\n-00000420: 6f62 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 obe device infor\n-00000430: 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 7363 mation.* grub-sc\n-00000440: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 2867 7275 ript-check: (gru\n-00000450: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-00000460: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2e0a 454e script-check..EN\n-00000470: 442d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 5259 D-INFO-DIR-ENTRY\n-00000480: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00000490: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 726d nfo, Node: Firm\n-000004a0: 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 ware stalls inst\n-000004b0: 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 ead of booting G\n-000004c0: 5255 422c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4752 5542 RUB, Prev: GRUB\n-000004d0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 only offers a r\n-000004e0: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 5570 escue shell, Up\n-000004f0: 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e : Troubleshootin\n-00000500: 670a 0a32 332e 3220 4669 726d 7761 7265 g..23.2 Firmware\n-00000510: 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 stalls instead \n-00000520: 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 420a of booting GRUB.\n-00000530: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00000070: 2c20 3132 2041 7567 7573 7420 3230 3236 , 12 August 2026\n+00000080: 292e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 )... 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Vers\n+00000180: 696f 6e20 312e 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 206c ion 1.2 or any l\n+00000190: 6174 6572 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 7562 ater version pub\n+000001a0: 6c69 7368 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4672 lished by the Fr\n+000001b0: 6565 2053 6f66 7477 6172 650a 2020 2020 ee Software. \n+000001c0: 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 Foundation; wit\n+000001d0: 6820 6e6f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 h no Invariant S\n+000001e0: 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 ections..INFO-DI\n+000001f0: 522d 5345 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c R-SECTION Kernel\n+00000200: 0a53 5441 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d .START-INFO-DIR-\n+00000210: 454e 5452 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 ENTRY.* GRUB: (g\n+00000220: 7275 6229 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rub). \n+00000230: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 The GRand \n+00000240: 556e 6966 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 Unified Bootload\n+00000250: 6572 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c er.* grub-instal\n+00000260: 6c3a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e l: (grub)Invokin\n+00000270: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 g grub-install. \n+00000280: 2020 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 Install GRUB \n+00000290: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 on your drive.* \n+000002a0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 grub-mkconfig: (\n+000002b0: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+000002c0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 ub-mkconfig. Ge\n+000002d0: 6e65 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 nerate GRUB conf\n+000002e0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 iguration.* grub\n+000002f0: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n+00000300: 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 : (grub)Invoking\n+00000310: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 grub-mkpasswd-p\n+00000320: 626b 6466 322e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b bkdf2..* grub-mk\n+00000330: 7265 6c70 6174 683a 2028 6772 7562 2949 relpath: (grub)I\n+00000340: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00000350: 656c 7061 7468 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d elpath..* grub-m\n+00000360: 6b72 6573 6375 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 krescue: (grub)I\n+00000370: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00000380: 6573 6375 652e 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 escue. Make a G\n+00000390: 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 RUB rescue image\n+000003a0: 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 2028 .* grub-mount: (\n+000003b0: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+000003c0: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 ub-mount. \n+000003d0: 204d 6f75 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 Mount a file sy\n+000003e0: 7374 656d 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a stem using GRUB.\n+000003f0: 2a20 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 2867 * grub-probe: (g\n+00000400: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+00000410: 622d 7072 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 b-probe. \n+00000420: 5072 6f62 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 Probe device inf\n+00000430: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d ormation.* grub-\n+00000440: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 2867 script-check: (g\n+00000450: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+00000460: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2e0a b-script-check..\n+00000470: 454e 442d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 END-INFO-DIR-ENT\n+00000480: 5259 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 RY....File: grub\n+00000490: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 .info, Node: Fi\n+000004a0: 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e rmware stalls in\n+000004b0: 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 stead of booting\n+000004c0: 2047 5255 422c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4752 GRUB, Prev: GR\n+000004d0: 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 UB only offers a\n+000004e0: 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 rescue shell, \n+000004f0: 5570 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 Up: Troubleshoot\n+00000500: 696e 670a 0a32 332e 3220 4669 726d 7761 ing..23.2 Firmwa\n+00000510: 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 re stalls instea\n+00000520: 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 d of booting GRU\n+00000530: 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d B.==============\n 00000540: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00000560: 6520 4546 4920 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 e EFI implementa\n-00000570: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 736f 6d65 206f 6c64 tion of some old\n-00000580: 6572 204d 6163 426f 6f6b 206c 6170 746f er MacBook lapto\n-00000590: 7073 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 7768 656e 2069 ps stalls when i\n-000005a0: 7420 6765 7473 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 6564 t gets.presented\n-000005b0: 2061 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 a grub-mkrescue\n-000005c0: 2049 534f 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2078 ISO image for x\n-000005d0: 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 7461 7267 6574 86_64-efi target\n-000005e0: 206f 6e20 616e 2055 5342 0a73 7469 636b on an USB.stick\n-000005f0: 2e20 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 6172 6520 . Affected are \n-00000600: 6d6f 6465 6c73 206f 6620 7965 6172 2032 models of year 2\n-00000610: 3031 3020 6f72 2065 6172 6c69 6572 2e20 010 or earlier. \n-00000620: 2057 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 6973 2074 Workaround is t\n-00000630: 6f0a 7a65 726f 697a 6520 7468 6520 6279 o.zeroize the by\n-00000640: 7465 7320 3434 3620 746f 2034 3631 206f tes 446 to 461 o\n-00000650: 6620 7468 6520 4546 4920 7061 7274 6974 f the EFI partit\n-00000660: 696f 6e2c 2077 6865 7265 206d 666f 726d ion, where mform\n-00000670: 6174 2068 6173 2070 7574 0a61 2070 6172 at has put.a par\n-00000680: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 tition table ent\n-00000690: 7279 2077 6869 6368 2063 6c61 696d 7320 ry which claims \n-000006a0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 6172 7420 partition start \n-000006b0: 6174 2062 6c6f 636b 2030 2e20 2054 6869 at block 0. Thi\n-000006c0: 730a 6368 616e 6765 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f s.change will no\n-000006d0: 7420 6861 6d70 6572 2062 6f6f 7461 6269 t hamper bootabi\n-000006e0: 6c69 7479 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 6d61 lity on other ma\n-000006f0: 6368 696e 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a chines.....File:\n-00000700: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00000710: 653a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 e: User-space ut\n-00000720: 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ilities, Next: \n-00000730: 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 Obtaining and Bu\n-00000740: 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5072 ilding GRUB, Pr\n-00000750: 6576 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 ev: Troubleshoot\n-00000760: 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 ing, Up: Top..2\n-00000770: 3420 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 4 User-space uti\n-00000780: 6c69 7469 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a lities.*********\n-00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n-000007a0: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b * Menu:..* Invok\n-000007b0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n-000007c0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 :: How to \n-000007d0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e73 use the GRUB ins\n-000007e0: 7461 6c6c 6572 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e taller.* Invokin\n-000007f0: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a g grub-mkconfig:\n-00000800: 3a20 2020 2020 2047 656e 6572 6174 6520 : Generate \n-00000810: 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 a GRUB configura\n-00000820: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 496e 766f tion file.* Invo\n-00000830: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 king grub-mkpass\n-00000840: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a0a 2020 2020 wd-pbkdf2::. \n+00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00000560: 5468 6520 4546 4920 696d 706c 656d 656e The EFI implemen\n+00000570: 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 736f 6d65 206f tation of some o\n+00000580: 6c64 6572 204d 6163 426f 6f6b 206c 6170 lder MacBook lap\n+00000590: 746f 7073 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 7768 656e tops stalls when\n+000005a0: 2069 7420 6765 7473 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 it gets.present\n+000005b0: 6564 2061 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 ed a grub-mkresc\n+000005c0: 7565 2049 534f 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 ue ISO image for\n+000005d0: 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 7461 7267 x86_64-efi targ\n+000005e0: 6574 206f 6e20 616e 2055 5342 0a73 7469 et on an USB.sti\n+000005f0: 636b 2e20 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 6172 ck. Affected ar\n+00000600: 6520 6d6f 6465 6c73 206f 6620 7965 6172 e models of year\n+00000610: 2032 3031 3020 6f72 2065 6172 6c69 6572 2010 or earlier\n+00000620: 2e20 2057 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 6973 . Workaround is\n+00000630: 2074 6f0a 7a65 726f 697a 6520 7468 6520 to.zeroize the \n+00000640: 6279 7465 7320 3434 3620 746f 2034 3631 bytes 446 to 461\n+00000650: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4546 4920 7061 7274 of the EFI part\n+00000660: 6974 696f 6e2c 2077 6865 7265 206d 666f ition, where mfo\n+00000670: 726d 6174 2068 6173 2070 7574 0a61 2070 rmat has put.a p\n+00000680: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 artition table e\n+00000690: 6e74 7279 2077 6869 6368 2063 6c61 696d ntry which claim\n+000006a0: 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 6172 s partition star\n+000006b0: 7420 6174 2062 6c6f 636b 2030 2e20 2054 t at block 0. T\n+000006c0: 6869 730a 6368 616e 6765 2077 696c 6c20 his.change will \n+000006d0: 6e6f 7420 6861 6d70 6572 2062 6f6f 7461 not hamper boota\n+000006e0: 6269 6c69 7479 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 bility on other \n+000006f0: 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c machines.....Fil\n+00000700: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00000710: 6f64 653a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 ode: User-space \n+00000720: 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 4e65 7874 utilities, Next\n+00000730: 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 : Obtaining and \n+00000740: 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 Building GRUB, \n+00000750: 5072 6576 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f Prev: Troublesho\n+00000760: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a oting, Up: Top.\n+00000770: 0a32 3420 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 .24 User-space u\n+00000780: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tilities.*******\n+00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000007a0: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e76 ..* Menu:..* Inv\n+000007b0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking grub-insta\n+000007c0: 6c6c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 ll:: How t\n+000007d0: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 o use the GRUB i\n+000007e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b nstaller.* Invok\n+000007f0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+00000800: 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2047 656e 6572 6174 g:: Generat\n+00000810: 6520 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 e a GRUB configu\n+00000820: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 496e ration file.* In\n+00000830: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 voking grub-mkpa\n+00000840: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a0a 2020 sswd-pbkdf2::. \n 00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 Gene\n-00000870: 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 7061 7373 776f rate GRUB passwo\n-00000880: 7264 2068 6173 6865 730a 2a20 496e 766f rd hashes.* Invo\n-00000890: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n-000008a0: 6174 683a 3a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 ath:: Make s\n-000008b0: 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 656c 6174 ystem path relat\n-000008c0: 6976 6520 746f 2069 7473 2072 6f6f 740a ive to its root.\n-000008d0: 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d * Invoking grub-\n-000008e0: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 mkrescue:: \n-000008f0: 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 Make a GRUB resc\n-00000900: 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b ue image.* Invok\n-00000910: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a3a ing grub-mount::\n-00000920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 2061 Mount a\n-00000930: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2075 7369 file system usi\n-00000940: 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 ng GRUB.* Invoki\n-00000950: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 3a20 ng grub-probe:: \n-00000960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 6520 6465 Probe de\n-00000970: 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e vice information\n-00000980: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e 766f for GRUB.* Invo\n-00000990: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 king grub-script\n-000009a0: 2d63 6865 636b 3a3a 2020 4368 6563 6b20 -check:: Check \n-000009b0: 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 6669 6c65 GRUB script file\n-000009c0: 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 726f for syntax erro\n-000009d0: 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 rs....File: grub\n-000009e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n-000009f0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 voking grub-inst\n-00000a00: 616c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f all, Next: Invo\n-00000a10: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n-00000a20: 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 ig, Up: User-sp\n-00000a30: 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 ace utilities..2\n-00000a40: 342e 3120 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 4.1 Invoking gru\n-00000a50: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d b-install.======\n+00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4765 Ge\n+00000870: 6e65 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 7061 7373 nerate GRUB pass\n+00000880: 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 730a 2a20 496e word hashes.* In\n+00000890: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+000008a0: 6c70 6174 683a 3a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 lpath:: Make\n+000008b0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 656c system path rel\n+000008c0: 6174 6976 6520 746f 2069 7473 2072 6f6f ative to its roo\n+000008d0: 740a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 t.* Invoking gru\n+000008e0: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 b-mkrescue:: \n+000008f0: 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 7265 Make a GRUB re\n+00000900: 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2049 6e76 scue image.* Inv\n+00000910: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 oking grub-mount\n+00000920: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 :: Mount\n+00000930: 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2075 a file system u\n+00000940: 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e 766f sing GRUB.* Invo\n+00000950: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a king grub-probe:\n+00000960: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 6520 : Probe \n+00000970: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 device informati\n+00000980: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e on for GRUB.* In\n+00000990: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 voking grub-scri\n+000009a0: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a3a 2020 4368 6563 pt-check:: Chec\n+000009b0: 6b20 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 6669 k GRUB script fi\n+000009c0: 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 le for syntax er\n+000009d0: 726f 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 rors....File: gr\n+000009e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000009f0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e Invoking grub-in\n+00000a00: 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e stall, Next: In\n+00000a10: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n+00000a20: 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d nfig, Up: User-\n+00000a30: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n+00000a40: 0a32 342e 3120 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 .24.1 Invoking g\n+00000a50: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d rub-install.====\n 00000a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000a70: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 ====..The progra\n-00000a80: 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c m ...grub-instal\n-00000a90: 6ce2 8099 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 l... generates a\n-00000aa0: 2047 5255 4220 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 GRUB core image\n-00000ab0: 2075 7369 6e67 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d using....grub-m\n-00000ac0: 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 616e 6420 696e kimage... and in\n-00000ad0: 7374 616c 6c73 2069 7420 6f6e 2079 6f75 stalls it on you\n-00000ae0: 7220 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2059 6f75 206d r system. You m\n-00000af0: 7573 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 650a ust specify the.\n-00000b00: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6f6e 2077 device name on w\n-00000b10: 6869 6368 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f hich you want to\n-00000b20: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 206c install GRUB, l\n-00000b30: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n-00000b40: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2049 4e53 grub-install INS\n-00000b50: 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 450a 0a20 2020 TALL_DEVICE.. \n-00000b60: 5468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 The device name \n-00000b70: 494e 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 2069 INSTALL_DEVICE i\n-00000b80: 7320 616e 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 206e s an OS device n\n-00000b90: 616d 6520 6f72 2061 2047 5255 4220 6465 ame or a GRUB de\n-00000ba0: 7669 6365 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 20e2 vice.name... .\n-00000bb0: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n-00000bc0: 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f . accepts the fo\n-00000bd0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a llowing options:\n-00000be0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 .....--help.... \n-00000bf0: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d Print a summ\n-00000c00: 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ary of the comma\n-00000c10: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 nd-line options \n-00000c20: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d and exit......--\n-00000c30: 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 version.... \n-00000c40: 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f Print the versio\n-00000c50: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 n number of GRUB\n-00000c60: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n-00000c70: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d -boot-directory=\n-00000c80: 4449 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7374 DIR.... Inst\n-00000c90: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 7320 all GRUB images \n-00000ca0: 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 under the direct\n-00000cb0: 6f72 7920 e280 9844 4952 2f67 7275 622f ory ...DIR/grub/\n-00000cc0: e280 9920 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ... This option \n-00000cd0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6566 756c 2077 is. useful w\n-00000ce0: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 hen you want to \n-00000cf0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6e74 install GRUB int\n-00000d00: 6f20 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 2070 6172 o a separate par\n-00000d10: 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 610a 2020 2020 tition or a. \n-00000d20: 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2064 6973 6b2e removable disk.\n-00000d30: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e If this option\n-00000d40: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 is not specifie\n-00000d50: 6420 7468 656e 2069 7420 6465 6661 756c d then it defaul\n-00000d60: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 2f62 ts. to .../b\n-00000d70: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2c20 736f 0a0a 2020 2020 oot..., so.. \n-00000d80: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 grub-insta\n-00000d90: 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 ll /dev/sda.. \n-00000da0: 2020 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 is equivalent \n-00000db0: 746f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 to.. gr\n-00000dc0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f ub-install --boo\n-00000dd0: 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f62 6f6f t-directory=/boo\n-00000de0: 742f 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 t/ /dev/sda.. \n-00000df0: 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 Here is an exa\n-00000e00: 6d70 6c65 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f mple in which yo\n-00000e10: 7520 6861 7665 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 u have a separat\n-00000e20: 6520 e280 9c62 6f6f 74e2 809d 2070 6172 e ...boot... par\n-00000e30: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6963 tition. whic\n-00000e40: 6820 6973 206d 6f75 6e74 6564 206f 6e20 h is mounted on \n-00000e50: e280 982f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 e280 993a .../mnt/boot...:\n-00000e60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n-00000e70: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d -install --boot-\n-00000e80: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 directory=/mnt/b\n-00000e90: 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6462 0a0a e280 oot /dev/sdb....\n-00000ea0: 982d 2d72 6563 6865 636b e280 990a 2020 .--recheck.... \n-00000eb0: 2020 2052 6563 6865 636b 2074 6865 2064 Recheck the d\n-00000ec0: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2065 7665 6e20 evice map, even \n-00000ed0: 6966 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 if .../boot/grub\n-00000ee0: 2f64 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2061 /device.map... a\n-00000ef0: 6c72 6561 6479 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6973 lready. exis\n-00000f00: 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 ts. You should \n-00000f10: 7573 6520 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 use this option \n-00000f20: 7768 656e 6576 6572 2079 6f75 2061 6464 whenever you add\n-00000f30: 2f72 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6469 736b 0a20 /remove a disk. \n-00000f40: 2020 2020 696e 746f 2f66 726f 6d20 796f into/from yo\n-00000f50: 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 0a0a e280 ur computer.....\n-00000f60: 982d 2d6e 6f2d 7273 2d63 6f64 6573 e280 .--no-rs-codes..\n-00000f70: 990a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c .. By defaul\n-00000f80: 7420 6f6e 2078 3836 2042 494f 5320 7379 t on x86 BIOS sy\n-00000f90: 7374 656d 732c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 stems, ...grub-i\n-00000fa0: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2075 nstall... will u\n-00000fb0: 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 6578 7472 610a 2020 se some extra. \n-00000fc0: 2020 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 space in the \n-00000fd0: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 6d62 6564 bootloader embed\n-00000fe0: 6469 6e67 2061 7265 6120 666f 7220 5265 ding area for Re\n-00000ff0: 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 ed-Solomon. \n-00001000: 6572 726f 722d 636f 7272 6563 7469 6e67 error-correcting\n-00001010: 2063 6f64 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 656e codes. This en\n-00001020: 6162 6c65 7320 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7374 ables GRUB to st\n-00001030: 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7375 ill boot. su\n-00001040: 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2069 6620 736f ccessfully if so\n-00001050: 6d65 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 6520 636f me blocks are co\n-00001060: 7272 7570 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 6578 rrupted. The ex\n-00001070: 6163 7420 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 660a 2020 act amount of. \n-00001080: 2020 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 protection of\n-00001090: 6665 7265 6420 6973 2064 6570 656e 6465 fered is depende\n-000010a0: 6e74 206f 6e20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 nt on available \n-000010b0: 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 2065 6d62 space in the emb\n-000010c0: 6564 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6561 edding. area\n-000010d0: 2e20 2052 2073 6563 746f 7273 206f 6620 . R sectors of \n-000010e0: 7265 6475 6e64 616e 6379 2063 616e 2074 redundancy can t\n-000010f0: 6f6c 6572 6174 6520 7570 2074 6f20 522f olerate up to R/\n-00001100: 3220 636f 7272 7570 7465 640a 2020 2020 2 corrupted. \n-00001110: 2073 6563 746f 7273 2e20 2054 6869 7320 sectors. This \n-00001120: 7265 6475 6e64 616e 6379 206d 6179 2062 redundancy may b\n-00001130: 6520 6375 6d62 6572 736f 6d65 2069 6620 e cumbersome if \n-00001140: 6174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a 2020 attempting to. \n-00001150: 2020 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 6963 cryptographic\n-00001160: 616c 6c79 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 7468 ally validate th\n-00001170: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 e contents of th\n-00001180: 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 6d62 e bootloader emb\n-00001190: 6564 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6561 edding. area\n-000011a0: 2c20 6f72 2069 6e20 6d6f 7265 206d 6f64 , or in more mod\n-000011b0: 6572 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 ern systems with\n-000011c0: 2047 5054 2d73 7479 6c65 2070 6172 7469 GPT-style parti\n-000011d0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 730a 2020 2020 tion tables. \n-000011e0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 (*note BIOS ins\n-000011f0: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 6865 tallation::) whe\n-00001200: 7265 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e 6f74 re GRUB does not\n-00001210: 2072 6573 6964 6520 696e 2061 6e79 0a20 reside in any. \n-00001220: 2020 2020 756e 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e65 unpartitione\n-00001230: 6420 7370 6163 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 d space outside \n-00001240: 6f66 2074 6865 204d 4252 2e20 4469 7361 of the MBR. Disa\n-00001250: 626c 6520 7468 6520 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c ble the Reed-Sol\n-00001260: 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6465 7320 omon. codes \n-00001270: 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e with this option\n-00001280: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00001290: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 info, Node: Inv\n-000012a0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n-000012b0: 6669 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f fig, Next: Invo\n-000012c0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 king grub-mkpass\n-000012d0: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5072 6576 wd-pbkdf2, Prev\n-000012e0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-000012f0: 696e 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 install, Up: Us\n-00001300: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n-00001310: 6573 0a0a 3234 2e32 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e es..24.2 Invokin\n-00001320: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 670a g grub-mkconfig.\n-00001330: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n-00001350: 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 program ...grub\n-00001360: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2067 656e -mkconfig... gen\n-00001370: 6572 6174 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 erates a configu\n-00001380: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 666f 7220 ration file for \n-00001390: 4752 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 GRUB.(*note Simp\n-000013a0: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n-000013b0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d ::)... grub-\n-000013c0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 202d 6f20 2f62 6f6f mkconfig -o /boo\n-000013d0: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a t/grub/grub.cfg.\n-000013e0: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f . ...grub-mkco\n-000013f0: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 nfig... accepts \n-00001400: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 the following op\n-00001410: 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c tions:.....--hel\n-00001420: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 p.... Print \n-00001430: 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 a summary of the\n-00001440: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 command-line op\n-00001450: 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a tions and exit..\n-00001460: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 ....--version...\n-00001470: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 . Print the \n-00001480: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f version number o\n-00001490: 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e f GRUB and exit.\n-000014a0: 0a0a e280 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 990a .....-o FILE....\n-000014b0: e280 982d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 ...--output=FILE\n-000014c0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 656e 6420 7468 .... Send th\n-000014d0: 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 636f 6e66 e generated conf\n-000014e0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2074 iguration file t\n-000014f0: 6f20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 o FILE. The def\n-00001500: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ault is to. \n-00001510: 7365 6e64 2069 7420 746f 2073 7461 6e64 send it to stand\n-00001520: 6172 6420 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ard output.....F\n-00001530: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00001540: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Node: Invoking \n-00001550: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-00001560: 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 kdf2, Next: Inv\n-00001570: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c oking grub-mkrel\n-00001580: 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 path, Prev: Inv\n-00001590: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n-000015a0: 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 fig, Up: User-s\n-000015b0: 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a pace utilities..\n-000015c0: 3234 2e33 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 24.3 Invoking gr\n-000015d0: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-000015e0: 6632 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d f2.=============\n+00000a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n+00000a80: 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 ram ...grub-inst\n+00000a90: 616c 6ce2 8099 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 all... generates\n+00000aa0: 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f 7265 2069 6d61 a GRUB core ima\n+00000ab0: 6765 2075 7369 6e67 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 ge using....grub\n+00000ac0: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 616e 6420 -mkimage... and \n+00000ad0: 696e 7374 616c 6c73 2069 7420 6f6e 2079 installs it on y\n+00000ae0: 6f75 7220 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2059 6f75 our system. You\n+00000af0: 206d 7573 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 must specify th\n+00000b00: 650a 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6f6e e.device name on\n+00000b10: 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 which you want \n+00000b20: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c to install GRUB,\n+00000b30: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n+00000b40: 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2049 grub-install I\n+00000b50: 4e53 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 450a 0a20 NSTALL_DEVICE.. \n+00000b60: 2020 5468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d The device nam\n+00000b70: 6520 494e 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 e INSTALL_DEVICE\n+00000b80: 2069 7320 616e 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 is an OS device\n+00000b90: 206e 616d 6520 6f72 2061 2047 5255 4220 name or a GRUB \n+00000ba0: 6465 7669 6365 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 device.name... \n+00000bb0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n+00000bc0: e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 ... accepts the \n+00000bd0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e following option\n+00000be0: 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 s:.....--help...\n+00000bf0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 . Print a su\n+00000c00: 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d mmary of the com\n+00000c10: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e mand-line option\n+00000c20: 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 s and exit......\n+00000c30: 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 --version.... \n+00000c40: 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 Print the vers\n+00000c50: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 ion number of GR\n+00000c60: 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 UB and exit.....\n+00000c70: 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 .--boot-director\n+00000c80: 793d 4449 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e y=DIR.... In\n+00000c90: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 stall GRUB image\n+00000ca0: 7320 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 6469 7265 s under the dire\n+00000cb0: 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9844 4952 2f67 7275 ctory ...DIR/gru\n+00000cc0: 622f e280 9920 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f b/... This optio\n+00000cd0: 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6566 756c n is. useful\n+00000ce0: 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 when you want t\n+00000cf0: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 o install GRUB i\n+00000d00: 6e74 6f20 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 2070 nto a separate p\n+00000d10: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 610a 2020 artition or a. \n+00000d20: 2020 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2064 6973 removable dis\n+00000d30: 6b2e 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 k. If this opti\n+00000d40: 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 on is not specif\n+00000d50: 6965 6420 7468 656e 2069 7420 6465 6661 ied then it defa\n+00000d60: 756c 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 ults. to ...\n+00000d70: 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2c20 736f 0a0a 2020 /boot..., so.. \n+00000d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 grub-ins\n+00000d90: 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 tall /dev/sda.. \n+00000da0: 2020 2020 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e is equivalen\n+00000db0: 7420 746f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t to.. \n+00000dc0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 grub-install --b\n+00000dd0: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f62 oot-directory=/b\n+00000de0: 6f6f 742f 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 oot/ /dev/sda.. \n+00000df0: 2020 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 Here is an e\n+00000e00: 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 xample in which \n+00000e10: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 2073 6570 6172 you have a separ\n+00000e20: 6174 6520 e280 9c62 6f6f 74e2 809d 2070 ate ...boot... p\n+00000e30: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7768 artition. wh\n+00000e40: 6963 6820 6973 206d 6f75 6e74 6564 206f ich is mounted o\n+00000e50: 6e20 e280 982f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 e280 n .../mnt/boot..\n+00000e60: 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 .:.. gr\n+00000e70: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f ub-install --boo\n+00000e80: 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 t-directory=/mnt\n+00000e90: 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6462 0a0a /boot /dev/sdb..\n+00000ea0: e280 982d 2d72 6563 6865 636b e280 990a ...--recheck....\n+00000eb0: 2020 2020 2052 6563 6865 636b 2074 6865 Recheck the\n+00000ec0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2065 7665 device map, eve\n+00000ed0: 6e20 6966 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 n if .../boot/gr\n+00000ee0: 7562 2f64 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 ub/device.map...\n+00000ef0: 2061 6c72 6561 6479 0a20 2020 2020 6578 already. ex\n+00000f00: 6973 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 2073 686f 756c ists. You shoul\n+00000f10: 6420 7573 6520 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f d use this optio\n+00000f20: 6e20 7768 656e 6576 6572 2079 6f75 2061 n whenever you a\n+00000f30: 6464 2f72 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6469 736b dd/remove a disk\n+00000f40: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 746f 2f66 726f 6d20 . into/from \n+00000f50: 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 0a0a your computer...\n+00000f60: e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 7273 2d63 6f64 6573 ...--no-rs-codes\n+00000f70: e280 990a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 .... By defa\n+00000f80: 756c 7420 6f6e 2078 3836 2042 494f 5320 ult on x86 BIOS \n+00000f90: 7379 7374 656d 732c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 systems, ...grub\n+00000fa0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7769 6c6c -install... will\n+00000fb0: 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 6578 7472 610a use some extra.\n+00000fc0: 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 space in th\n+00000fd0: 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 6d62 e bootloader emb\n+00000fe0: 6564 6469 6e67 2061 7265 6120 666f 7220 edding area for \n+00000ff0: 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 Reed-Solomon. \n+00001000: 2020 6572 726f 722d 636f 7272 6563 7469 error-correcti\n+00001010: 6e67 2063 6f64 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ng codes. This \n+00001020: 656e 6162 6c65 7320 4752 5542 2074 6f20 enables GRUB to \n+00001030: 7374 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 still boot. \n+00001040: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2069 6620 successfully if \n+00001050: 736f 6d65 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 6520 some blocks are \n+00001060: 636f 7272 7570 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 corrupted. The \n+00001070: 6578 6163 7420 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 660a exact amount of.\n+00001080: 2020 2020 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 protection \n+00001090: 6f66 6665 7265 6420 6973 2064 6570 656e offered is depen\n+000010a0: 6465 6e74 206f 6e20 6176 6169 6c61 626c dent on availabl\n+000010b0: 6520 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 2065 e space in the e\n+000010c0: 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6172 mbedding. ar\n+000010d0: 6561 2e20 2052 2073 6563 746f 7273 206f ea. R sectors o\n+000010e0: 6620 7265 6475 6e64 616e 6379 2063 616e f redundancy can\n+000010f0: 2074 6f6c 6572 6174 6520 7570 2074 6f20 tolerate up to \n+00001100: 522f 3220 636f 7272 7570 7465 640a 2020 R/2 corrupted. \n+00001110: 2020 2073 6563 746f 7273 2e20 2054 6869 sectors. Thi\n+00001120: 7320 7265 6475 6e64 616e 6379 206d 6179 s redundancy may\n+00001130: 2062 6520 6375 6d62 6572 736f 6d65 2069 be cumbersome i\n+00001140: 6620 6174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a f attempting to.\n+00001150: 2020 2020 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 cryptograph\n+00001160: 6963 616c 6c79 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 ically validate \n+00001170: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 the contents of \n+00001180: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 the bootloader e\n+00001190: 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6172 mbedding. ar\n+000011a0: 6561 2c20 6f72 2069 6e20 6d6f 7265 206d ea, or in more m\n+000011b0: 6f64 6572 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 odern systems wi\n+000011c0: 7468 2047 5054 2d73 7479 6c65 2070 6172 th GPT-style par\n+000011d0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 730a 2020 tition tables. \n+000011e0: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 (*note BIOS i\n+000011f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 nstallation::) w\n+00001200: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e here GRUB does n\n+00001210: 6f74 2072 6573 6964 6520 696e 2061 6e79 ot reside in any\n+00001220: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7061 7274 6974 696f . unpartitio\n+00001230: 6e65 6420 7370 6163 6520 6f75 7473 6964 ned space outsid\n+00001240: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 204d 4252 2e20 4469 e of the MBR. Di\n+00001250: 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 5265 6564 2d53 sable the Reed-S\n+00001260: 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6465 olomon. code\n+00001270: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 s with this opti\n+00001280: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+00001290: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 b.info, Node: I\n+000012a0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 nvoking grub-mkc\n+000012b0: 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e onfig, Next: In\n+000012c0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 voking grub-mkpa\n+000012d0: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5072 sswd-pbkdf2, Pr\n+000012e0: 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ev: Invoking gru\n+000012f0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 b-install, Up: \n+00001300: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+00001310: 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e32 2049 6e76 6f6b ties..24.2 Invok\n+00001320: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+00001330: 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d g.==============\n+00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+00001350: 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 he program ...gr\n+00001360: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2067 ub-mkconfig... g\n+00001370: 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 enerates a confi\n+00001380: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 666f guration file fo\n+00001390: 7220 4752 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 r GRUB.(*note Si\n+000013a0: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n+000013b0: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 on::)... gru\n+000013c0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 202d 6f20 2f62 b-mkconfig -o /b\n+000013d0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 oot/grub/grub.cf\n+000013e0: 670a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b g.. ...grub-mk\n+000013f0: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 config... accept\n+00001400: 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 s the following \n+00001410: 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 options:.....--h\n+00001420: 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e elp.... Prin\n+00001430: 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 t a summary of t\n+00001440: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 he command-line \n+00001450: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 options and exit\n+00001460: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 ......--version.\n+00001470: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 ... Print th\n+00001480: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 e version number\n+00001490: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 of GRUB and exi\n+000014a0: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 t......-o FILE..\n+000014b0: 990a e280 982d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 .....--output=FI\n+000014c0: 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 656e 6420 LE.... Send \n+000014d0: 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 636f the generated co\n+000014e0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+000014f0: 2074 6f20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2064 to FILE. The d\n+00001500: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 0a20 2020 efault is to. \n+00001510: 2020 7365 6e64 2069 7420 746f 2073 7461 send it to sta\n+00001520: 6e64 6172 6420 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f ndard output....\n+00001530: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00001540: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Node: Invokin\n+00001550: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n+00001560: 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 pbkdf2, Next: I\n+00001570: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00001580: 656c 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 elpath, Prev: I\n+00001590: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 nvoking grub-mkc\n+000015a0: 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 onfig, Up: User\n+000015b0: 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 -space utilities\n+000015c0: 0a0a 3234 2e33 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 ..24.3 Invoking \n+000015d0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n+000015e0: 6b64 6632 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d kdf2.===========\n 000015f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n-00001610: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 am ...grub-mkpas\n-00001620: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 6765 swd-pbkdf2... ge\n-00001630: 6e65 7261 7465 7320 7061 7373 776f 7264 nerates password\n-00001640: 2068 6173 6865 7320 666f 7220 4752 5542 hashes for GRUB\n-00001650: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 .(*note Security\n-00001660: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d ::)... grub-\n-00001670: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 320a mkpasswd-pbkdf2.\n-00001680: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 . ...grub-mkpa\n-00001690: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2061 sswd-pbkdf2... a\n-000016a0: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n-000016b0: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 wing options:...\n-000016c0: 8098 2d63 204e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 ..-c NUMBER.....\n-000016d0: 8098 2d2d 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e2d 636f ..--iteration-co\n-000016e0: 756e 743d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 unt=NUMBER.... \n-000016f0: 2020 204e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2069 7465 Number of ite\n-00001700: 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2075 rations of the u\n-00001710: 6e64 6572 6c79 696e 6720 7073 6575 646f nderlying pseudo\n-00001720: 2d72 616e 646f 6d20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e -random function\n-00001730: 2e0a 2020 2020 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 .. Defaults \n-00001740: 746f 2031 3030 3030 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6c to 10000......-l\n-00001750: 204e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d NUMBER.......--\n-00001760: 6275 666c 656e 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 buflen=NUMBER...\n-00001770: 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 . Length of \n-00001780: 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6861 the generated ha\n-00001790: 7368 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f sh. Defaults to\n-000017a0: 2036 342e 0a0a e280 982d 7320 4e55 4d42 64......-s NUMB\n-000017b0: 4552 e280 990a e280 982d 2d73 616c 743d ER.......--salt=\n-000017c0: 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 204c NUMBER.... L\n-000017d0: 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 616c ength of the sal\n-000017e0: 742e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 t. Defaults to \n-000017f0: 3634 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 64.....File: gru\n-00001800: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 b.info, Node: I\n-00001810: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n-00001820: 656c 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 elpath, Next: I\n-00001830: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n-00001840: 6573 6375 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e escue, Prev: In\n-00001850: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 voking grub-mkpa\n-00001860: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5570 sswd-pbkdf2, Up\n-00001870: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n-00001880: 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e34 2049 6e76 lities..24.4 Inv\n-00001890: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c oking grub-mkrel\n-000018a0: 7061 7468 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d path.===========\n+00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n+00001610: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 gram ...grub-mkp\n+00001620: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 asswd-pbkdf2... \n+00001630: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 7061 7373 776f generates passwo\n+00001640: 7264 2068 6173 6865 7320 666f 7220 4752 rd hashes for GR\n+00001650: 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 UB.(*note Securi\n+00001660: 7479 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 ty::)... gru\n+00001670: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n+00001680: 320a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 2.. ...grub-mk\n+00001690: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 passwd-pbkdf2...\n+000016a0: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n+000016b0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n+000016c0: 0ae2 8098 2d63 204e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 ....-c NUMBER...\n+000016d0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e2d ....--iteration-\n+000016e0: 636f 756e 743d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a count=NUMBER....\n+000016f0: 2020 2020 204e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2069 Number of i\n+00001700: 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 terations of the\n+00001710: 2075 6e64 6572 6c79 696e 6720 7073 6575 underlying pseu\n+00001720: 646f 2d72 616e 646f 6d20 6675 6e63 7469 do-random functi\n+00001730: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2044 6566 6175 6c74 on.. Default\n+00001740: 7320 746f 2031 3030 3030 2e0a 0ae2 8098 s to 10000......\n+00001750: 2d6c 204e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 -l NUMBER.......\n+00001760: 2d2d 6275 666c 656e 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 --buflen=NUMBER.\n+00001770: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 206f ... Length o\n+00001780: 6620 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 f the generated \n+00001790: 6861 7368 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 hash. Defaults \n+000017a0: 746f 2036 342e 0a0a e280 982d 7320 4e55 to 64......-s NU\n+000017b0: 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d 2d73 616c MBER.......--sal\n+000017c0: 743d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 t=NUMBER.... \n+000017d0: 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 Length of the s\n+000017e0: 616c 742e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 alt. Defaults t\n+000017f0: 6f20 3634 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 o 64.....File: g\n+00001800: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00001810: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+00001820: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a krelpath, Next:\n+00001830: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+00001840: 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 krescue, Prev: \n+00001850: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+00001860: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 passwd-pbkdf2, \n+00001870: 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 Up: User-space u\n+00001880: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e34 2049 tilities..24.4 I\n+00001890: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+000018a0: 656c 7061 7468 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d elpath.=========\n 000018b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000018c0: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 =..The program .\n-000018d0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 ..grub-mkrelpath\n-000018e0: e280 9920 6d61 6b65 7320 6120 6669 6c65 ... makes a file\n-000018f0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 656c system path rel\n-00001900: 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 0a72 6f6f ative to the.roo\n-00001910: 7420 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 696e t of its contain\n-00001920: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e ing file system.\n-00001930: 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 For instance, \n-00001940: 6966 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 e280 9920 6973 if .../usr... is\n-00001950: 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 0a70 6f69 6e74 2c20 a mount.point, \n-00001960: 7468 656e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 then:.. $ gr\n-00001970: 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 202f 7573 ub-mkrelpath /us\n-00001980: 722f 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 r/share/grub/uni\n-00001990: 636f 6465 2e70 6632 0a20 2020 2020 e280 code.pf2. ..\n-000019a0: 982f 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 ./share/grub/uni\n-000019b0: 636f 6465 2e70 6632 e280 990a 0a20 2020 code.pf2..... \n-000019c0: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 This is mainly u\n-000019d0: 7365 6420 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 2062 sed internally b\n-000019e0: 7920 6f74 6865 7220 4752 5542 2075 7469 y other GRUB uti\n-000019f0: 6c69 7469 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 0ae2 lities such as..\n-00001a00: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n-00001a10: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 .. (*note Invoki\n-00001a20: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n-00001a30: 3a3a 292c 2062 7574 206d 6179 206f 6363 ::), but may occ\n-00001a40: 6173 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 616c 736f 2062 asionally.also b\n-00001a50: 6520 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2064 6562 e useful for deb\n-00001a60: 7567 6769 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 ugging... ...g\n-00001a70: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 68e2 8099 rub-mkrelpath...\n-00001a80: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n-00001a90: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n-00001aa0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 ....--help.... \n-00001ab0: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 Print a summa\n-00001ac0: 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ry of the comman\n-00001ad0: 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 d-line options a\n-00001ae0: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 nd exit......--v\n-00001af0: 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 ersion.... P\n-00001b00: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e rint the version\n-00001b10: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 number of GRUB \n-00001b20: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c and exit.....Fil\n-00001b30: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00001b40: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n-00001b50: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 4e65 ub-mkrescue, Ne\n-00001b60: 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 xt: Invoking gru\n-00001b70: 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 b-mount, Prev: \n-00001b80: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00001b90: 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 relpath, Up: Us\n-00001ba0: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n-00001bb0: 6573 0a0a 3234 2e35 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e es..24.5 Invokin\n-00001bc0: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 650a g grub-mkrescue.\n-00001bd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n-00001bf0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 program ...grub\n-00001c00: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 2067 656e -mkrescue... gen\n-00001c10: 6572 6174 6573 2061 2062 6f6f 7461 626c erates a bootabl\n-00001c20: 6520 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d e GRUB rescue im\n-00001c30: 6167 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e age.(*note Makin\n-00001c40: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n-00001c50: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 e CD-ROM::)... \n-00001c60: 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 grub-mkrescue\n-00001c70: 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 0a0a 2020 -o grub.iso.. \n-00001c80: 2041 6c6c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 206e All arguments n\n-00001c90: 6f74 2065 7870 6c69 6369 746c 7920 6c69 ot explicitly li\n-00001ca0: 7374 6564 2061 7320 e280 9867 7275 622d sted as ...grub-\n-00001cb0: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6f70 7469 mkrescue... opti\n-00001cc0: 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 7061 7373 6564 206f ons are.passed o\n-00001cd0: 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2074 6f20 e280 n directly to ..\n-00001ce0: 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 696e 20e2 .xorriso... in .\n-00001cf0: 8098 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 2065 6d75 ..mkisofs... emu\n-00001d00: 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4f70 lation mode. Op\n-00001d10: 7469 6f6e 730a 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 tions.passed to \n-00001d20: e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 7769 ...xorriso... wi\n-00001d30: 6c6c 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6265 2069 ll normally be i\n-00001d40: 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 e280 nterpreted as ..\n-00001d50: 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 6f70 7469 .mkisofs... opti\n-00001d60: 6f6e 733b 0a69 6620 7468 6520 6f70 7469 ons;.if the opti\n-00001d70: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d e280 9920 6973 2075 on ...--... is u\n-00001d80: 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 616e 7974 6869 sed, then anythi\n-00001d90: 6e67 2061 6674 6572 2074 6861 7420 7769 ng after that wi\n-00001da0: 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 ll be interprete\n-00001db0: 640a 6173 206e 6174 6976 6520 e280 9878 d.as native ...x\n-00001dc0: 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e orriso... option\n-00001dd0: 732e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f s... Non-optio\n-00001de0: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7370 6563 n arguments spec\n-00001df0: 6966 7920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2073 ify additional s\n-00001e00: 6f75 7263 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 ource directorie\n-00001e10: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 636f 6d6d s. This is.comm\n-00001e20: 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6420 746f 2061 6464 only used to add\n-00001e30: 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 2074 6f20 extra files to \n-00001e40: 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 the image:.. \n-00001e50: 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6469 736b 2f62 mkdir -p disk/b\n-00001e60: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2861 oot/grub. (a\n-00001e70: 6464 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 2074 dd extra files t\n-00001e80: 6f20 e280 9864 6973 6b2f 626f 6f74 2f67 o ...disk/boot/g\n-00001e90: 7275 62e2 8099 290a 2020 2020 2067 7275 rub...). gru\n-00001ea0: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 b-mkrescue -o gr\n-00001eb0: 7562 2e69 736f 2064 6973 6b0a 0a20 2020 ub.iso disk.. \n-00001ec0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ...grub-mkrescue\n-00001ed0: e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 ... accepts the \n-00001ee0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e following option\n-00001ef0: 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 s:.....--help...\n-00001f00: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 . Print a su\n-00001f10: 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d mmary of the com\n-00001f20: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e mand-line option\n-00001f30: 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 s and exit......\n-00001f40: 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 --version.... \n-00001f50: 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 Print the vers\n-00001f60: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 ion number of GR\n-00001f70: 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 UB and exit.....\n-00001f80: 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d .-o FILE.......-\n-00001f90: 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 e280 990a -output=FILE....\n-00001fa0: 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 6f75 7470 7574 Save output\n-00001fb0: 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 in FILE. This \n-00001fc0: 226f 7074 696f 6e22 2069 7320 7265 7175 \"option\" is requ\n-00001fd0: 6972 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6d6f 6475 ired......--modu\n-00001fe0: 6c65 733d 4d4f 4455 4c45 53e2 8099 0a20 les=MODULES.... \n-00001ff0: 2020 2020 5072 652d 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 Pre-load the\n-00002000: 206e 616d 6564 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 named GRUB modu\n-00002010: 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 les in the image\n-00002020: 2e20 204d 756c 7469 706c 6520 656e 7472 . Multiple entr\n-00002030: 6965 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4d4f 4455 ies in. MODU\n-00002040: 4c45 5320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7365 LES should be se\n-00002050: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 6869 7465 parated by white\n-00002060: 7370 6163 6520 2873 6f20 796f 7520 7769 space (so you wi\n-00002070: 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a 2020 2020 ll probably. \n-00002080: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2071 756f 7465 2074 need to quote t\n-00002090: 6869 7320 666f 7220 796f 7572 2073 6865 his for your she\n-000020a0: 6c6c 292e 0a0a e280 982d 2d72 6f6d 2d64 ll)......--rom-d\n-000020b0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d44 4952 e280 990a irectory=DIR....\n-000020c0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 6765 6e65 7261 7469 If generati\n-000020d0: 6e67 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 7468 ng images for th\n-000020e0: 6520 5145 4d55 206f 7220 436f 7265 626f e QEMU or Corebo\n-000020f0: 6f74 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c20 636f ot platforms, co\n-00002100: 7079 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7375 py the. resu\n-00002110: 6c74 696e 6720 e280 9871 656d 752e 696d lting ...qemu.im\n-00002120: 67e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9863 6f72 6562 g... or ...coreb\n-00002130: 6f6f 742e 656c 66e2 8099 2066 696c 6573 oot.elf... files\n-00002140: 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 746f respectively to\n-00002150: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4449 5220 6469 the. DIR di\n-00002160: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2077 656c 6c20 rectory as well \n-00002170: 6173 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 as including the\n-00002180: 6d20 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a m in the image..\n-00002190: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 786f 7272 6973 6f3d 4649 ....--xorriso=FI\n-000021a0: 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 LE.... Use F\n-000021b0: 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 786f ILE as the ...xo\n-000021c0: 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2070 726f 6772 616d rriso... program\n-000021d0: 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 , rather than th\n-000021e0: 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e built-in. \n-000021f0: 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d67 default......--g\n-00002200: 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 653d 4649 4c45 rub-mkimage=FILE\n-00002210: e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 494c .... Use FIL\n-00002220: 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 E as the ...grub\n-00002230: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 7072 6f67 -mkimage... prog\n-00002240: 7261 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e ram, rather than\n-00002250: 2074 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 the built-in. \n-00002260: 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 default.....F\n-00002270: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00002280: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Node: Invoking \n-00002290: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 grub-mount, Nex\n-000022a0: 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 t: Invoking grub\n-000022b0: 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 -probe, Prev: I\n-000022c0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n-000022d0: 6573 6375 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 escue, Up: User\n-000022e0: 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 -space utilities\n-000022f0: 0a0a 3234 2e36 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 ..24.6 Invoking \n-00002300: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d grub-mount.=====\n+000018c0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d ===..The program\n+000018d0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ...grub-mkrelpa\n+000018e0: 7468 e280 9920 6d61 6b65 7320 6120 6669 th... makes a fi\n+000018f0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 le system path r\n+00001900: 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 0a72 elative to the.r\n+00001910: 6f6f 7420 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 oot of its conta\n+00001920: 696e 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 ining file syste\n+00001930: 6d2e 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 m. For instance\n+00001940: 2c20 6966 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 e280 9920 , if .../usr... \n+00001950: 6973 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 0a70 6f69 6e74 is a mount.point\n+00001960: 2c20 7468 656e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 , then:.. $ \n+00001970: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 202f grub-mkrelpath /\n+00001980: 7573 722f 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 usr/share/grub/u\n+00001990: 6e69 636f 6465 2e70 6632 0a20 2020 2020 nicode.pf2. \n+000019a0: e280 982f 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 .../share/grub/u\n+000019b0: 6e69 636f 6465 2e70 6632 e280 990a 0a20 nicode.pf2..... \n+000019c0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 This is mainly\n+000019d0: 2075 7365 6420 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 used internally\n+000019e0: 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 4752 5542 2075 by other GRUB u\n+000019f0: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 tilities such as\n+00001a00: 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ....grub-mkconfi\n+00001a10: 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f g... (*note Invo\n+00001a20: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n+00001a30: 6967 3a3a 292c 2062 7574 206d 6179 206f ig::), but may o\n+00001a40: 6363 6173 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 616c 736f ccasionally.also\n+00001a50: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2064 be useful for d\n+00001a60: 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 ebugging... ..\n+00001a70: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 68e2 .grub-mkrelpath.\n+00001a80: 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 .. accepts the f\n+00001a90: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n+00001aa0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a :.....--help....\n+00001ab0: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d Print a sum\n+00001ac0: 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d mary of the comm\n+00001ad0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 and-line options\n+00001ae0: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n+00001af0: 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 -version.... \n+00001b00: 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 Print the versi\n+00001b10: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 on number of GRU\n+00001b20: 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 B and exit.....F\n+00001b30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00001b40: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Node: Invoking \n+00001b50: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 grub-mkrescue, \n+00001b60: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Next: Invoking g\n+00001b70: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 rub-mount, Prev\n+00001b80: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00001b90: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 mkrelpath, Up: \n+00001ba0: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+00001bb0: 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e35 2049 6e76 6f6b ties..24.5 Invok\n+00001bc0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n+00001bd0: 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e.==============\n+00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+00001bf0: 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 he program ...gr\n+00001c00: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 2067 ub-mkrescue... g\n+00001c10: 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2062 6f6f 7461 enerates a boota\n+00001c20: 626c 6520 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 ble GRUB rescue \n+00001c30: 696d 6167 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b image.(*note Mak\n+00001c40: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n+00001c50: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 292e 0a0a ble CD-ROM::)...\n+00001c60: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 grub-mkresc\n+00001c70: 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 0a0a ue -o grub.iso..\n+00001c80: 2020 2041 6c6c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 All arguments\n+00001c90: 206e 6f74 2065 7870 6c69 6369 746c 7920 not explicitly \n+00001ca0: 6c69 7374 6564 2061 7320 e280 9867 7275 listed as ...gru\n+00001cb0: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6f70 b-mkrescue... op\n+00001cc0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 7061 7373 6564 tions are.passed\n+00001cd0: 206f 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2074 6f20 on directly to \n+00001ce0: e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 696e ...xorriso... in\n+00001cf0: 20e2 8098 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 2065 ...mkisofs... e\n+00001d00: 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 mulation mode. \n+00001d10: 4f70 7469 6f6e 730a 7061 7373 6564 2074 Options.passed t\n+00001d20: 6f20 e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 o ...xorriso... \n+00001d30: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6265 will normally be\n+00001d40: 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 interpreted as \n+00001d50: e280 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 6f70 ...mkisofs... op\n+00001d60: 7469 6f6e 733b 0a69 6620 7468 6520 6f70 tions;.if the op\n+00001d70: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d e280 9920 6973 tion ...--... is\n+00001d80: 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 616e 7974 used, then anyt\n+00001d90: 6869 6e67 2061 6674 6572 2074 6861 7420 hing after that \n+00001da0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 7465 7270 7265 will be interpre\n+00001db0: 7465 640a 6173 206e 6174 6976 6520 e280 ted.as native ..\n+00001dc0: 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 6f70 7469 .xorriso... opti\n+00001dd0: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 ons... Non-opt\n+00001de0: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7370 ion arguments sp\n+00001df0: 6563 6966 7920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c ecify additional\n+00001e00: 2073 6f75 7263 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 source director\n+00001e10: 6965 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 636f ies. This is.co\n+00001e20: 6d6d 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6420 746f 2061 mmonly used to a\n+00001e30: 6464 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 2074 dd extra files t\n+00001e40: 6f20 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 o the image:.. \n+00001e50: 2020 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6469 736b mkdir -p disk\n+00001e60: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 /boot/grub. \n+00001e70: 2861 6464 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 (add extra files\n+00001e80: 2074 6f20 e280 9864 6973 6b2f 626f 6f74 to ...disk/boot\n+00001e90: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 290a 2020 2020 2067 /grub...). g\n+00001ea0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 rub-mkrescue -o \n+00001eb0: 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2064 6973 6b0a 0a20 grub.iso disk.. \n+00001ec0: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 ...grub-mkresc\n+00001ed0: 7565 e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 ue... accepts th\n+00001ee0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 e following opti\n+00001ef0: 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 ons:.....--help.\n+00001f00: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 ... Print a \n+00001f10: 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 summary of the c\n+00001f20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 ommand-line opti\n+00001f30: 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 ons and exit....\n+00001f40: 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 ..--version.... \n+00001f50: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 Print the ve\n+00001f60: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 rsion number of \n+00001f70: 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a GRUB and exit...\n+00001f80: e280 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 ...-o FILE......\n+00001f90: 982d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 e280 .--output=FILE..\n+00001fa0: 990a 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 6f75 7470 .. Save outp\n+00001fb0: 7574 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 ut in FILE. Thi\n+00001fc0: 7320 226f 7074 696f 6e22 2069 7320 7265 s \"option\" is re\n+00001fd0: 7175 6972 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6d6f quired......--mo\n+00001fe0: 6475 6c65 733d 4d4f 4455 4c45 53e2 8099 dules=MODULES...\n+00001ff0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 652d 6c6f 6164 2074 . Pre-load t\n+00002000: 6865 206e 616d 6564 2047 5255 4220 6d6f he named GRUB mo\n+00002010: 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 dules in the ima\n+00002020: 6765 2e20 204d 756c 7469 706c 6520 656e ge. Multiple en\n+00002030: 7472 6965 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4d4f tries in. MO\n+00002040: 4455 4c45 5320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 DULES should be \n+00002050: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 6869 separated by whi\n+00002060: 7465 7370 6163 6520 2873 6f20 796f 7520 tespace (so you \n+00002070: 7769 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a 2020 will probably. \n+00002080: 2020 206e 6565 6420 746f 2071 756f 7465 need to quote\n+00002090: 2074 6869 7320 666f 7220 796f 7572 2073 this for your s\n+000020a0: 6865 6c6c 292e 0a0a e280 982d 2d72 6f6d hell)......--rom\n+000020b0: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d44 4952 e280 -directory=DIR..\n+000020c0: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6765 6e65 7261 .. If genera\n+000020d0: 7469 6e67 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 ting images for \n+000020e0: 7468 6520 5145 4d55 206f 7220 436f 7265 the QEMU or Core\n+000020f0: 626f 6f74 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c20 boot platforms, \n+00002100: 636f 7079 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7265 copy the. re\n+00002110: 7375 6c74 696e 6720 e280 9871 656d 752e sulting ...qemu.\n+00002120: 696d 67e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9863 6f72 img... or ...cor\n+00002130: 6562 6f6f 742e 656c 66e2 8099 2066 696c eboot.elf... fil\n+00002140: 6573 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 es respectively \n+00002150: 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4449 5220 to the. DIR \n+00002160: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2077 656c directory as wel\n+00002170: 6c20 6173 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 l as including t\n+00002180: 6865 6d20 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 hem in the image\n+00002190: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 786f 7272 6973 6f3d ......--xorriso=\n+000021a0: 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 FILE.... Use\n+000021b0: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 FILE as the ...\n+000021c0: 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2070 726f 6772 xorriso... progr\n+000021d0: 616d 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 am, rather than \n+000021e0: 7468 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 the built-in. \n+000021f0: 2020 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a e280 982d default......-\n+00002200: 2d67 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 653d 4649 -grub-mkimage=FI\n+00002210: 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 LE.... Use F\n+00002220: 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 ILE as the ...gr\n+00002230: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 7072 ub-mkimage... pr\n+00002240: 6f67 7261 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 ogram, rather th\n+00002250: 616e 2074 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a an the built-in.\n+00002260: 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0a1f default....\n+00002270: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00002280: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Node: Invokin\n+00002290: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e g grub-mount, N\n+000022a0: 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ext: Invoking gr\n+000022b0: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a ub-probe, Prev:\n+000022c0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+000022d0: 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 krescue, Up: Us\n+000022e0: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n+000022f0: 6573 0a0a 3234 2e36 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e es..24.6 Invokin\n+00002300: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 0a3d 3d3d g grub-mount.===\n 00002310: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002320: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d ===..The program\n-00002330: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 ...grub-mount..\n-00002340: 9920 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2072 6561 . performs a rea\n-00002350: 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 d-only mount of \n-00002360: 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a any file system.\n-00002370: 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 or file system i\n-00002380: 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 mage that GRUB u\n-00002390: 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2c20 7573 696e nderstands, usin\n-000023a0: 6720 4752 5542 2773 2066 696c 6520 7379 g GRUB's file sy\n-000023b0: 7374 656d 0a64 7269 7665 7273 2076 6961 stem.drivers via\n-000023c0: 2046 5553 452e 2028 4974 2069 7320 6f6e FUSE. (It is on\n-000023d0: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6620 ly available if \n-000023e0: 4655 5345 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 FUSE development\n-000023f0: 2066 696c 6573 2077 6572 650a 7072 6573 files were.pres\n-00002400: 656e 7420 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7761 ent when GRUB wa\n-00002410: 7320 6275 696c 742e 2920 2054 6869 7320 s built.) This \n-00002420: 6861 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 has a number of \n-00002430: 7573 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 uses:.. ... It\n-00002440: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 636f 6e76 provides a conv\n-00002450: 656e 6965 6e74 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6368 enient way to ch\n-00002460: 6563 6b20 686f 7720 4752 5542 2077 696c eck how GRUB wil\n-00002470: 6c20 7669 6577 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 l view a file. \n-00002480: 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2062 6f6f system at boo\n-00002490: 7420 7469 6d65 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e t time. You can\n-000024a0: 2075 7365 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 636f 6d6d use normal comm\n-000024b0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2074 6f6f 6c73 2074 and-line tools t\n-000024c0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 o. compare t\n-000024d0: 6861 7420 7669 6577 2077 6974 6820 7468 hat view with th\n-000024e0: 6174 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 at of your opera\n-000024f0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 206d 616b ting system, mak\n-00002500: 696e 6720 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6561 7379 ing it. easy\n-00002510: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2062 7567 732e 0a0a to find bugs...\n-00002520: 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 6f66 6665 7273 ... It offers\n-00002530: 2074 7275 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 true read-only \n-00002540: 6d6f 756e 7473 2e20 204c 696e 7578 2064 mounts. Linux d\n-00002550: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2074 6865 oes not have the\n-00002560: 7365 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6a6f 7572 se for. jour\n-00002570: 6e61 6c6c 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 nalling file sys\n-00002580: 7465 6d73 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 tems, because it\n-00002590: 2077 696c 6c20 616c 7761 7973 2061 7474 will always att\n-000025a0: 656d 7074 2074 6f20 7265 706c 6179 0a20 empt to replay. \n-000025b0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6a6f 7572 6e61 6c20 the journal \n-000025c0: 6174 206d 6f75 6e74 2074 696d 653b 2077 at mount time; w\n-000025d0: 6869 6c65 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2074 656d hile you can tem\n-000025e0: 706f 7261 7269 6c79 206d 6172 6b20 7468 porarily mark th\n-000025f0: 6520 626c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 e block. dev\n-00002600: 6963 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 746f ice read-only to\n-00002610: 2061 766f 6964 2074 6869 732c 2074 6861 avoid this, tha\n-00002620: 7420 6361 7573 6573 2074 6865 206d 6f75 t causes the mou\n-00002630: 6e74 2074 6f20 6661 696c 2e0a 2020 2020 nt to fail.. \n-00002640: 2053 696e 6365 2047 5255 4220 696e 7465 Since GRUB inte\n-00002650: 6e74 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 636f 6e74 6169 ntionally contai\n-00002660: 6e73 206e 6f20 636f 6465 2066 6f72 2077 ns no code for w\n-00002670: 7269 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6669 6c65 0a20 riting to file. \n-00002680: 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 7420 systems, it \n-00002690: 6361 6e20 6561 7369 6c79 2070 726f 7669 can easily provi\n-000026a0: 6465 2061 2067 7561 7261 6e74 6565 6420 de a guaranteed \n-000026b0: 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 740a read-only mount.\n-000026c0: 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2e0a mechanism..\n-000026d0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 2061 6c6c 6f77 . ... It allow\n-000026e0: 7320 796f 7520 746f 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 s you to examine\n-000026f0: 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d any file system\n-00002700: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 6572 that GRUB under\n-00002710: 7374 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 stands. with\n-00002720: 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 206c out needing to l\n-00002730: 6f61 6420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206d oad additional m\n-00002740: 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 796f 7572 odules into your\n-00002750: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 running. ke\n-00002760: 726e 656c 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 rnel, which may \n-00002770: 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e be useful in con\n-00002780: 7374 7261 696e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e strained environ\n-00002790: 6d65 6e74 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a 2020 ments such as. \n-000027a0: 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 732e 0a0a installers...\n-000027b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 696e 6365 2069 7420 ... Since it \n-000027c0: 6361 6e20 6578 616d 696e 6520 6669 6c65 can examine file\n-000027d0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6573 2028 system images (\n-000027e0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2072 6567 contained in reg\n-000027f0: 756c 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7329 ular. files)\n-00002800: 206a 7573 7420 6173 2065 6173 696c 7920 just as easily \n-00002810: 6173 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 as file systems \n-00002820: 6f6e 2062 6c6f 636b 2064 6576 6963 6573 on block devices\n-00002830: 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 2020 , you can use. \n-00002840: 2020 2069 7420 746f 2069 6e73 7065 6374 it to inspect\n-00002850: 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d any file system\n-00002860: 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 image that GRUB\n-00002870: 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2077 6974 understands wit\n-00002880: 6820 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6f75 h only. enou\n-00002890: 6768 2070 7269 7669 6c65 6765 7320 746f gh privileges to\n-000028a0: 2075 7365 2046 5553 452c 2065 7665 6e20 use FUSE, even \n-000028b0: 6966 206e 6f62 6f64 7920 6861 7320 7965 if nobody has ye\n-000028c0: 7420 7772 6974 7465 6e20 610a 2020 2020 t written a. \n-000028d0: 2046 5553 4520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 7065 FUSE module spe\n-000028e0: 6369 6669 6361 6c6c 7920 666f 7220 7468 cifically for th\n-000028f0: 6174 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 at file system t\n-00002900: 7970 652e 0a0a 2020 2055 7369 6e67 20e2 ype... Using .\n-00002910: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 ..grub-mount... \n-00002920: 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6173 2073 is normally as s\n-00002930: 696d 706c 6520 6173 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 imple as:.. \n-00002940: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202f 6465 762f grub-mount /dev/\n-00002950: 7364 6131 202f 6d6e 740a 0a20 2020 e280 sda1 /mnt.. ..\n-00002960: 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 206d .grub-mount... m\n-00002970: 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 206f 6e65 ust be given one\n-00002980: 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 7320 or more images \n-00002990: 616e 6420 6120 6d6f 756e 7420 706f 696e and a mount poin\n-000029a0: 7420 6173 0a6e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 t as.non-option \n-000029b0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 2869 6620 6974 arguments (if it\n-000029c0: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d6f 7265 2074 is given more t\n-000029d0: 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 696d 6167 652c 2069 han one image, i\n-000029e0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7265 6174 0a74 6865 t will treat.the\n-000029f0: 6d20 6173 2061 2052 4149 4420 7365 7429 m as a RAID set)\n-00002a00: 2c20 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6363 6570 , and also accep\n-00002a10: 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ts the following\n-00002a20: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d options:.....--\n-00002a30: 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 help.... Pri\n-00002a40: 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 nt a summary of \n-00002a50: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n-00002a60: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 options and exi\n-00002a70: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e t......--version\n-00002a80: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 .... Print t\n-00002a90: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n-00002aa0: 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 r of GRUB and ex\n-00002ab0: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d43 e280 990a e280 it......-C......\n-00002ac0: 982d 2d63 7279 7074 6fe2 8099 0a20 2020 .--crypto.... \n-00002ad0: 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 656e 6372 7970 7465 Mount encrypte\n-00002ae0: 6420 6465 7669 6365 732c 2070 726f 6d70 d devices, promp\n-00002af0: 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 2070 6173 7370 ting for a passp\n-00002b00: 6872 6173 6520 6966 206e 6563 6573 7361 hrase if necessa\n-00002b10: 7279 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 2053 5452 494e ry......-d STRIN\n-00002b20: 47e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 6275 673d G.......--debug=\n-00002b30: 5354 5249 4e47 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 STRING.... S\n-00002b40: 686f 7720 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 how debugging ou\n-00002b50: 7470 7574 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 tput for conditi\n-00002b60: 6f6e 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2053 5452 ons matching STR\n-00002b70: 494e 472e 0a0a e280 982d 4b20 7072 6f6d ING......-K prom\n-00002b80: 7074 7c46 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d pt|FILE.......--\n-00002b90: 7a66 732d 6b65 793d 7072 6f6d 7074 7c46 zfs-key=prompt|F\n-00002ba0: 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 ILE.... Load\n-00002bb0: 2061 205a 4653 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f a ZFS encryptio\n-00002bc0: 6e20 6b65 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2075 n key. If you u\n-00002bd0: 7365 20e2 8098 7072 6f6d 7074 e280 9920 se ...prompt... \n-00002be0: 6173 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 742c as the argument,\n-00002bf0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f . ...grub-mo\n-00002c00: 756e 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 unt... will read\n-00002c10: 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 6672 a passphrase fr\n-00002c20: 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3b om the terminal;\n-00002c30: 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 otherwise,. \n-00002c40: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6b65 it will read ke\n-00002c50: 7920 6d61 7465 7269 616c 2066 726f 6d20 y material from \n-00002c60: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6669 the specified fi\n-00002c70: 6c65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d72 2044 4556 4943 le......-r DEVIC\n-00002c80: 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6f74 3d44 E.......--root=D\n-00002c90: 4556 4943 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 EVICE.... Se\n-00002ca0: 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2072 6f6f 7420 t the GRUB root \n-00002cb0: 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 4445 5649 4345 device to DEVICE\n-00002cc0: 2e20 2059 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6e6f . You do not no\n-00002cd0: 726d 616c 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 0a20 rmally need to. \n-00002ce0: 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 3b20 e280 set this; ..\n-00002cf0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2077 .grub-mount... w\n-00002d00: 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c ill automaticall\n-00002d10: 7920 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 y set the root d\n-00002d20: 6576 6963 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 evice to. th\n-00002d30: 6520 726f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 e root of the su\n-00002d40: 7070 6c69 6564 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 pplied file syst\n-00002d50: 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2044 4556 em... If DEV\n-00002d60: 4943 4520 6973 206a 7573 7420 6120 6e75 ICE is just a nu\n-00002d70: 6d62 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 7769 mber, then it wi\n-00002d80: 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 ll be treated as\n-00002d90: 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 a partition. \n-00002da0: 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 number within \n-00002db0: 7468 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2069 6d61 the supplied ima\n-00002dc0: 6765 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 ge. This means \n-00002dd0: 7468 6174 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 that, if you hav\n-00002de0: 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 e an. image \n-00002df0: 6f66 2061 6e20 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 of an entire dis\n-00002e00: 6b20 696e 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 k in ...disk.img\n-00002e10: e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 ..., then you ca\n-00002e20: 6e20 7573 6520 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 n use this. \n-00002e30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 command to mount\n-00002e40: 2069 7473 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 7061 7274 its second part\n-00002e50: 6974 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ition:.. \n-00002e60: 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202d 7220 grub-mount -r \n-00002e70: 3220 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 206d 6f75 6e74 2 disk.img mount\n-00002e80: 2d70 6f69 6e74 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 -point.....-v...\n-00002e90: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 ....--verbose...\n-00002ea0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 7262 . Print verb\n-00002eb0: 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f ose messages....\n-00002ec0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00002ed0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Node: Invokin\n-00002ee0: 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 204e g grub-probe, N\n-00002ef0: 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ext: Invoking gr\n-00002f00: 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c ub-script-check,\n-00002f10: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Prev: Invoking\n-00002f20: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 grub-mount, Up\n-00002f30: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n-00002f40: 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e37 2049 6e76 lities..24.7 Inv\n-00002f50: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 oking grub-probe\n-00002f60: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 =========..The p\n-00002f80: 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 rogram ...grub-p\n-00002f90: 726f 6265 e280 9920 7072 6f62 6573 2064 robe... probes d\n-00002fa0: 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f evice informatio\n-00002fb0: 6e20 666f 7220 6120 6769 7665 6e20 7061 n for a given pa\n-00002fc0: 7468 206f 720a 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 th or.device... \n-00002fd0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 202d grub-probe -\n-00002fe0: 2d74 6172 6765 743d 6673 202f 626f 6f74 -target=fs /boot\n-00002ff0: 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d /grub. grub-\n-00003000: 7072 6f62 6520 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d64 probe --target=d\n-00003010: 7269 7665 202d 2d64 6576 6963 6520 2f64 rive --device /d\n-00003020: 6576 2f73 6461 310a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 ev/sda1.. ...g\n-00003030: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 206d 7573 rub-probe... mus\n-00003040: 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 2070 6174 t be given a pat\n-00003050: 6820 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2061 h or device as a\n-00003060: 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 non-option argu\n-00003070: 6d65 6e74 2c0a 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 ment,.and also a\n-00003080: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n-00003090: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 wing options:...\n-000030a0: 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..--help.... \n-000030b0: 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 Print a summary\n-000030c0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d of the command-\n-000030d0: 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 line options and\n-000030e0: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 exit......--ver\n-000030f0: 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 sion.... Pri\n-00003100: 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e nt the version n\n-00003110: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e umber of GRUB an\n-00003120: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 e280 d exit......-d..\n-00003130: 990a e280 982d 2d64 6576 6963 65e2 8099 .....--device...\n-00003140: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 . If this op\n-00003150: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 tion is given, t\n-00003160: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 hen the non-opti\n-00003170: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 on argument is a\n-00003180: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 system. dev\n-00003190: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 7375 6368 2061 ice name (such a\n-000031a0: 7320 e280 982f 6465 762f 7364 6131 e280 s .../dev/sda1..\n-000031b0: 9929 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d .), and ...grub-\n-000031c0: 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7072 probe... will pr\n-000031d0: 696e 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 int. informa\n-000031e0: 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2074 6861 7420 tion about that \n-000031f0: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2049 6620 6974 2069 device. If it i\n-00003200: 7320 6e6f 7420 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 s not given, the\n-00003210: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 2d6f n the. non-o\n-00003220: 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 ption argument i\n-00003230: 7320 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2070 s a filesystem p\n-00003240: 6174 6820 2873 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 ath (such as ...\n-00003250: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9929 2c0a /boot/grub...),.\n-00003260: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 and ...grub\n-00003270: 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 -probe... will p\n-00003280: 7269 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e rint information\n-00003290: 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 about the devic\n-000032a0: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 e containing. \n-000032b0: 2020 7468 6174 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 that part of t\n-000032c0: 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a he filesystem...\n-000032d0: e280 982d 6d20 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 ...-m FILE......\n-000032e0: 982d 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 703d 4649 .--device-map=FI\n-000032f0: 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 LE.... Use F\n-00003300: 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 ILE as the devic\n-00003310: 6520 6d61 7020 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 e map (*note Dev\n-00003320: 6963 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2072 6174 6865 ice map::) rathe\n-00003330: 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 r than the. \n-00003340: 6465 6661 756c 742c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 default, usually\n-00003350: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f64 .../boot/grub/d\n-00003360: 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 evice.map.......\n-00003370: 8098 2d74 2054 4152 4745 54e2 8099 0ae2 ..-t TARGET.....\n-00003380: 8098 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d54 4152 4745 ..--target=TARGE\n-00003390: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 T.... Print \n-000033a0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 information abou\n-000033b0: 7420 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7061 7468 t the given path\n-000033c0: 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 6465 or device as de\n-000033d0: 6669 6e65 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 5441 fined by. TA\n-000033e0: 5247 4554 2e20 2054 6865 2061 7661 696c RGET. The avail\n-000033f0: 6162 6c65 2074 6172 6765 7473 2061 6e64 able targets and\n-00003400: 2074 6865 6972 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 7320 their meanings \n-00003410: 6172 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 are:.. ...fs\n-00003420: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 .... GR\n-00003430: 5542 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f UB filesystem mo\n-00003440: 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 dule.. ...fs\n-00003450: 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 _uuid.... \n-00003460: 2020 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 556e Filesystem Un\n-00003470: 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 7920 556e 6971 7565 iversally Unique\n-00003480: 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 2855 5549 Identifier (UUI\n-00003490: 4429 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 5f6c D).. ...fs_l\n-000034a0: 6162 656c e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 abel.... \n-000034b0: 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c 6162 Filesystem lab\n-000034c0: 656c 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6472 6976 el.. ...driv\n-000034d0: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 e.... G\n-000034e0: 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e RUB device name.\n-000034f0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6576 6963 65e2 . ...device.\n-00003500: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7973 ... Sys\n-00003510: 7465 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e tem device name.\n-00003520: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9870 6172 746d 6170 . ...partmap\n-00003530: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 .... 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Sea\n-00003780: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 706c rch hints for pl\n-00003790: 6174 666f 726d 7320 7768 6572 6520 6469 atforms where di\n-000037a0: 736b 7320 6172 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 sks are addresse\n-000037b0: 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 d directly. \n-000037c0: 2020 2020 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e rather than\n-000037d0: 2076 6961 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a20 via firmware.. \n-000037e0: 2020 2020 e280 9865 6669 5f68 696e 7473 ...efi_hints\n-000037f0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 .... Se\n-00003800: 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2074 arch hints for t\n-00003810: 6865 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e he EFI platform.\n-00003820: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 7263 5f68 696e . ...arc_hin\n-00003830: 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ts.... \n-00003840: 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 Search hints for\n-00003850: 2074 6865 2041 5243 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 the ARC platfor\n-00003860: 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f6d 7061 m.. ...compa\n-00003870: 7469 6269 6c69 7479 5f68 696e 74e2 8099 tibility_hint...\n-00003880: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 2067 7565 . A gue\n-00003890: 7373 2061 7420 6120 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 ss at a reasonab\n-000038a0: 6c65 2047 5255 4220 6472 6976 6520 6e61 le GRUB drive na\n-000038b0: 6d65 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 6465 7669 me for this devi\n-000038c0: 6365 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 2020 ce, which. \n-000038d0: 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 may be used \n-000038e0: 6173 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6966 as a fallback if\n-000038f0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 the ...search..\n-00003900: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6661 696c 732e . command fails.\n-00003910: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6973 6be2 8099 . ...disk...\n-00003920: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7973 7465 . Syste\n-00003930: 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 666f m device name fo\n-00003940: 7220 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b r the whole disk\n-00003950: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a e280 982d ......-v.......-\n-00003960: 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a 2020 2020 -verbose.... \n-00003970: 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 626f 7365 206d Print verbose m\n-00003980: 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 essages.....File\n-00003990: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000039a0: 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 de: Invoking gru\n-000039b0: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2c20 b-script-check, \n-000039c0: 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Prev: Invoking \n-000039d0: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 2055 703a grub-probe, Up:\n-000039e0: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n-000039f0: 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3820 496e 766f ities..24.8 Invo\n-00003a00: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 king grub-script\n-00003a10: 2d63 6865 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d -check.=========\n+00002320: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n+00002330: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 am ...grub-mount\n+00002340: e280 9920 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2072 ... performs a r\n+00002350: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 206f ead-only mount o\n+00002360: 6620 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 f any file syste\n+00002370: 6d0a 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d m.or file system\n+00002380: 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 image that GRUB\n+00002390: 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2c20 7573 understands, us\n+000023a0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2773 2066 696c 6520 ing GRUB's file \n+000023b0: 7379 7374 656d 0a64 7269 7665 7273 2076 system.drivers v\n+000023c0: 6961 2046 5553 452e 2028 4974 2069 7320 ia FUSE. (It is \n+000023d0: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 only available i\n+000023e0: 6620 4655 5345 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 f FUSE developme\n+000023f0: 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2077 6572 650a 7072 nt files were.pr\n+00002400: 6573 656e 7420 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 esent when GRUB \n+00002410: 7761 7320 6275 696c 742e 2920 2054 6869 was built.) Thi\n+00002420: 7320 6861 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 206f s has a number o\n+00002430: 6620 7573 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 f uses:.. ... \n+00002440: 4974 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 636f It provides a co\n+00002450: 6e76 656e 6965 6e74 2077 6179 2074 6f20 nvenient way to \n+00002460: 6368 6563 6b20 686f 7720 4752 5542 2077 check how GRUB w\n+00002470: 696c 6c20 7669 6577 2061 2066 696c 650a ill view a file.\n+00002480: 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2062 system at b\n+00002490: 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 oot time. You c\n+000024a0: 616e 2075 7365 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 636f an use normal co\n+000024b0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2074 6f6f 6c73 mmand-line tools\n+000024c0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 to. compare\n+000024d0: 2074 6861 7420 7669 6577 2077 6974 6820 that view with \n+000024e0: 7468 6174 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 that of your ope\n+000024f0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 206d rating system, m\n+00002500: 616b 696e 6720 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6561 aking it. ea\n+00002510: 7379 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2062 7567 732e sy to find bugs.\n+00002520: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 6f66 6665 .. ... It offe\n+00002530: 7273 2074 7275 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c rs true read-onl\n+00002540: 7920 6d6f 756e 7473 2e20 204c 696e 7578 y mounts. Linux\n+00002550: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2074 does not have t\n+00002560: 6865 7365 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6a6f hese for. jo\n+00002570: 7572 6e61 6c6c 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 urnalling file s\n+00002580: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 ystems, because \n+00002590: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 616c 7761 7973 2061 it will always a\n+000025a0: 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 7265 706c 6179 ttempt to replay\n+000025b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6a6f 7572 6e61 . the journa\n+000025c0: 6c20 6174 206d 6f75 6e74 2074 696d 653b l at mount time;\n+000025d0: 2077 6869 6c65 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2074 while you can t\n+000025e0: 656d 706f 7261 7269 6c79 206d 6172 6b20 emporarily mark \n+000025f0: 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2064 the block. d\n+00002600: 6576 6963 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 evice read-only \n+00002610: 746f 2061 766f 6964 2074 6869 732c 2074 to avoid this, t\n+00002620: 6861 7420 6361 7573 6573 2074 6865 206d hat causes the m\n+00002630: 6f75 6e74 2074 6f20 6661 696c 2e0a 2020 ount to fail.. \n+00002640: 2020 2053 696e 6365 2047 5255 4220 696e Since GRUB in\n+00002650: 7465 6e74 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 636f 6e74 tentionally cont\n+00002660: 6169 6e73 206e 6f20 636f 6465 2066 6f72 ains no code for\n+00002670: 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6669 6c65 writing to file\n+00002680: 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 . systems, i\n+00002690: 7420 6361 6e20 6561 7369 6c79 2070 726f t can easily pro\n+000026a0: 7669 6465 2061 2067 7561 7261 6e74 6565 vide a guarantee\n+000026b0: 6420 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e d read-only moun\n+000026c0: 740a 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d t. mechanism\n+000026d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 2061 6c6c ... ... It all\n+000026e0: 6f77 7320 796f 7520 746f 2065 7861 6d69 ows you to exami\n+000026f0: 6e65 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 ne any file syst\n+00002700: 656d 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 em that GRUB und\n+00002710: 6572 7374 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 erstands. wi\n+00002720: 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f thout needing to\n+00002730: 206c 6f61 6420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c load additional\n+00002740: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 796f modules into yo\n+00002750: 7572 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 ur running. \n+00002760: 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 kernel, which ma\n+00002770: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 y be useful in c\n+00002780: 6f6e 7374 7261 696e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 onstrained envir\n+00002790: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a onments such as.\n+000027a0: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 732e installers.\n+000027b0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 696e 6365 2069 .. ... Since i\n+000027c0: 7420 6361 6e20 6578 616d 696e 6520 6669 t can examine fi\n+000027d0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6573 le system images\n+000027e0: 2028 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2072 (contained in r\n+000027f0: 6567 756c 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 egular. file\n+00002800: 7329 206a 7573 7420 6173 2065 6173 696c s) just as easil\n+00002810: 7920 6173 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d y as file system\n+00002820: 7320 6f6e 2062 6c6f 636b 2064 6576 6963 s on block devic\n+00002830: 6573 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a es, you can use.\n+00002840: 2020 2020 2069 7420 746f 2069 6e73 7065 it to inspe\n+00002850: 6374 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 ct any file syst\n+00002860: 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 em image that GR\n+00002870: 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2077 UB understands w\n+00002880: 6974 6820 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 656e ith only. en\n+00002890: 6f75 6768 2070 7269 7669 6c65 6765 7320 ough privileges \n+000028a0: 746f 2075 7365 2046 5553 452c 2065 7665 to use FUSE, eve\n+000028b0: 6e20 6966 206e 6f62 6f64 7920 6861 7320 n if nobody has \n+000028c0: 7965 7420 7772 6974 7465 6e20 610a 2020 yet written a. \n+000028d0: 2020 2046 5553 4520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 FUSE module s\n+000028e0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 6c6c 7920 666f 7220 pecifically for \n+000028f0: 7468 6174 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d that file system\n+00002900: 2074 7970 652e 0a0a 2020 2055 7369 6e67 type... Using\n+00002910: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 ...grub-mount..\n+00002920: 9920 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6173 . is normally as\n+00002930: 2073 696d 706c 6520 6173 3a0a 0a20 2020 simple as:.. \n+00002940: 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202f 6465 grub-mount /de\n+00002950: 762f 7364 6131 202f 6d6e 740a 0a20 2020 v/sda1 /mnt.. \n+00002960: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 ...grub-mount...\n+00002970: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 206f must be given o\n+00002980: 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 ne or more image\n+00002990: 7320 616e 6420 6120 6d6f 756e 7420 706f s and a mount po\n+000029a0: 696e 7420 6173 0a6e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f int as.non-optio\n+000029b0: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 2869 6620 n arguments (if \n+000029c0: 6974 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d6f 7265 it is given more\n+000029d0: 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 696d 6167 652c than one image,\n+000029e0: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7265 6174 0a74 it will treat.t\n+000029f0: 6865 6d20 6173 2061 2052 4149 4420 7365 hem as a RAID se\n+00002a00: 7429 2c20 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6363 t), and also acc\n+00002a10: 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 epts the followi\n+00002a20: 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 ng options:.....\n+00002a30: 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 --help.... P\n+00002a40: 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f rint a summary o\n+00002a50: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 f the command-li\n+00002a60: 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 ne options and e\n+00002a70: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 xit......--versi\n+00002a80: 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 on.... Print\n+00002a90: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d the version num\n+00002aa0: 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 ber of GRUB and \n+00002ab0: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d43 e280 990a exit......-C....\n+00002ac0: e280 982d 2d63 7279 7074 6fe2 8099 0a20 ...--crypto.... \n+00002ad0: 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 656e 6372 7970 Mount encryp\n+00002ae0: 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 732c 2070 726f ted devices, pro\n+00002af0: 6d70 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 2070 6173 mpting for a pas\n+00002b00: 7370 6872 6173 6520 6966 206e 6563 6573 sphrase if neces\n+00002b10: 7361 7279 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 2053 5452 sary......-d STR\n+00002b20: 494e 47e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 6275 ING.......--debu\n+00002b30: 673d 5354 5249 4e47 e280 990a 2020 2020 g=STRING.... \n+00002b40: 2053 686f 7720 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 Show debugging \n+00002b50: 6f75 7470 7574 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 6469 output for condi\n+00002b60: 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2053 tions matching S\n+00002b70: 5452 494e 472e 0a0a e280 982d 4b20 7072 TRING......-K pr\n+00002b80: 6f6d 7074 7c46 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 ompt|FILE.......\n+00002b90: 2d2d 7a66 732d 6b65 793d 7072 6f6d 7074 --zfs-key=prompt\n+00002ba0: 7c46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f |FILE.... Lo\n+00002bb0: 6164 2061 205a 4653 2065 6e63 7279 7074 ad a ZFS encrypt\n+00002bc0: 696f 6e20 6b65 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ion key. If you\n+00002bd0: 2075 7365 20e2 8098 7072 6f6d 7074 e280 use ...prompt..\n+00002be0: 9920 6173 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e . as the argumen\n+00002bf0: 742c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d t,. ...grub-\n+00002c00: 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7265 mount... will re\n+00002c10: 6164 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 ad a passphrase \n+00002c20: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 from the termina\n+00002c30: 6c3b 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 2020 l; otherwise,. \n+00002c40: 2020 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 it will read \n+00002c50: 6b65 7920 6d61 7465 7269 616c 2066 726f key material fro\n+00002c60: 6d20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 m the specified \n+00002c70: 6669 6c65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d72 2044 4556 file......-r DEV\n+00002c80: 4943 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6f74 ICE.......--root\n+00002c90: 3d44 4556 4943 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 =DEVICE.... \n+00002ca0: 5365 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2072 6f6f Set the GRUB roo\n+00002cb0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 4445 5649 t device to DEVI\n+00002cc0: 4345 2e20 2059 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 CE. You do not \n+00002cd0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f normally need to\n+00002ce0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 3b20 . set this; \n+00002cf0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 ...grub-mount...\n+00002d00: 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 will automatica\n+00002d10: 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 lly set the root\n+00002d20: 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 device to. \n+00002d30: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 the root of the \n+00002d40: 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2066 696c 6520 7379 supplied file sy\n+00002d50: 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2044 stem... If D\n+00002d60: 4556 4943 4520 6973 206a 7573 7420 6120 EVICE is just a \n+00002d70: 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 number, then it \n+00002d80: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 will be treated \n+00002d90: 6173 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 as a partition. \n+00002da0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2077 6974 6869 number withi\n+00002db0: 6e20 7468 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2069 n the supplied i\n+00002dc0: 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e mage. This mean\n+00002dd0: 7320 7468 6174 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 s that, if you h\n+00002de0: 6176 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 ave an. imag\n+00002df0: 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 656e 7469 7265 2064 e of an entire d\n+00002e00: 6973 6b20 696e 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2e69 isk in ...disk.i\n+00002e10: 6d67 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 mg..., then you \n+00002e20: 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 6973 0a20 2020 can use this. \n+00002e30: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 206d 6f75 command to mou\n+00002e40: 6e74 2069 7473 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 7061 nt its second pa\n+00002e50: 7274 6974 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 rtition:.. \n+00002e60: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202d grub-mount -\n+00002e70: 7220 3220 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 206d 6f75 r 2 disk.img mou\n+00002e80: 6e74 2d70 6f69 6e74 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 nt-point.....-v.\n+00002e90: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 ......--verbose.\n+00002ea0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 ... Print ve\n+00002eb0: 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a rbose messages..\n+00002ec0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00002ed0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n+00002ee0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 ing grub-probe, \n+00002ef0: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Next: Invoking \n+00002f00: 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 grub-script-chec\n+00002f10: 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 k, Prev: Invoki\n+00002f20: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 ng grub-mount, \n+00002f30: 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 Up: User-space u\n+00002f40: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e37 2049 tilities..24.7 I\n+00002f50: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f nvoking grub-pro\n+00002f60: 6265 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d be.=============\n+00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n+00002f80: 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 program ...grub\n+00002f90: 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7072 6f62 6573 -probe... probes\n+00002fa0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 device informat\n+00002fb0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6120 6769 7665 6e20 ion for a given \n+00002fc0: 7061 7468 206f 720a 6465 7669 6365 2e0a path or.device..\n+00002fd0: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 . grub-probe\n+00002fe0: 202d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 6673 202f 626f --target=fs /bo\n+00002ff0: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2067 7275 ot/grub. gru\n+00003000: 622d 7072 6f62 6520 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 b-probe --target\n+00003010: 3d64 7269 7665 202d 2d64 6576 6963 6520 =drive --device \n+00003020: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 310a 0a20 2020 e280 /dev/sda1.. ..\n+00003030: 9867 7275 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 206d .grub-probe... m\n+00003040: 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 2070 ust be given a p\n+00003050: 6174 6820 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 ath or device as\n+00003060: 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 a non-option ar\n+00003070: 6775 6d65 6e74 2c0a 616e 6420 616c 736f gument,.and also\n+00003080: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n+00003090: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n+000030a0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 ....--help.... \n+000030b0: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 Print a summa\n+000030c0: 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ry of the comman\n+000030d0: 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 d-line options a\n+000030e0: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 nd exit......--v\n+000030f0: 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 ersion.... P\n+00003100: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e rint the version\n+00003110: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 number of GRUB \n+00003120: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 and exit......-d\n+00003130: e280 990a e280 982d 2d64 6576 6963 65e2 .......--device.\n+00003140: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 ... If this \n+00003150: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c option is given,\n+00003160: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 then the non-op\n+00003170: 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 tion argument is\n+00003180: 2061 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2064 a system. d\n+00003190: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 7375 6368 evice name (such\n+000031a0: 2061 7320 e280 982f 6465 762f 7364 6131 as .../dev/sda1\n+000031b0: e280 9929 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 ...), and ...gru\n+000031c0: 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 b-probe... will \n+000031d0: 7072 696e 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 print. infor\n+000031e0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2074 6861 mation about tha\n+000031f0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2049 6620 6974 t device. If it\n+00003200: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 is not given, t\n+00003210: 6865 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e hen the. non\n+00003220: 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 -option argument\n+00003230: 2069 7320 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d is a filesystem\n+00003240: 2070 6174 6820 2873 7563 6820 6173 20e2 path (such as .\n+00003250: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9929 ../boot/grub...)\n+00003260: 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 ,. and ...gr\n+00003270: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c ub-probe... will\n+00003280: 2070 7269 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 print informati\n+00003290: 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 2064 6576 on about the dev\n+000032a0: 6963 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0a20 ice containing. \n+000032b0: 2020 2020 7468 6174 2070 6172 7420 6f66 that part of\n+000032c0: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e the filesystem.\n+000032d0: 0a0a e280 982d 6d20 4649 4c45 e280 990a .....-m FILE....\n+000032e0: e280 982d 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 703d ...--device-map=\n+000032f0: 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 FILE.... Use\n+00003300: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 2064 6576 FILE as the dev\n+00003310: 6963 6520 6d61 7020 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 ice map (*note D\n+00003320: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2072 6174 evice map::) rat\n+00003330: 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 her than the. \n+00003340: 2020 6465 6661 756c 742c 2075 7375 616c default, usual\n+00003350: 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ly .../boot/grub\n+00003360: 2f64 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2e0a /device.map.....\n+00003370: 0ae2 8098 2d74 2054 4152 4745 54e2 8099 ....-t TARGET...\n+00003380: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d54 4152 ....--target=TAR\n+00003390: 4745 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e GET.... Prin\n+000033a0: 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 t information ab\n+000033b0: 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7061 out the given pa\n+000033c0: 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 th or device as \n+000033d0: 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 defined by. \n+000033e0: 5441 5247 4554 2e20 2054 6865 2061 7661 TARGET. The ava\n+000033f0: 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6172 6765 7473 2061 ilable targets a\n+00003400: 6e64 2074 6865 6972 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 nd their meaning\n+00003410: 7320 6172 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 s are:.. ...\n+00003420: 6673 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fs.... \n+00003430: 4752 5542 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 GRUB filesystem \n+00003440: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 module.. ...\n+00003450: 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 fs_uuid.... \n+00003460: 2020 2020 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 Filesystem \n+00003470: 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 7920 556e 6971 Universally Uniq\n+00003480: 7565 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 2855 ue Identifier (U\n+00003490: 5549 4429 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 UID).. ...fs\n+000034a0: 5f6c 6162 656c e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 _label.... \n+000034b0: 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c Filesystem l\n+000034c0: 6162 656c 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6472 abel.. ...dr\n+000034d0: 6976 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ive.... \n+000034e0: 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d GRUB device nam\n+000034f0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6576 6963 e.. ...devic\n+00003500: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 e.... S\n+00003510: 7973 7465 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d ystem device nam\n+00003520: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9870 6172 746d e.. ...partm\n+00003530: 6170 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ap.... \n+00003540: 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d GRUB partition m\n+00003550: 6170 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 ap module.. \n+00003560: e280 9861 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e e280 ...abstraction..\n+00003570: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 .. GRUB\n+00003580: 2061 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 abstraction mod\n+00003590: 756c 6520 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 6c76 ule (e.g. ...lv\n+000035a0: 6de2 8099 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 m...).. ...c\n+000035b0: 7279 7074 6f64 6973 6b5f 7575 6964 e280 ryptodisk_uuid..\n+000035c0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4372 7970 .. Cryp\n+000035d0: 746f 2064 6576 6963 6520 5555 4944 2e0a to device UUID..\n+000035e0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d73 646f 735f 7061 ...msdos_pa\n+000035f0: 7274 7479 7065 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 rttype.... \n+00003600: 2020 2020 4d42 5220 7061 7274 6974 696f MBR partitio\n+00003610: 6e20 7479 7065 2063 6f64 6520 2874 776f n type code (two\n+00003620: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 hexadecimal dig\n+00003630: 6974 7329 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6869 its).. ...hi\n+00003640: 6e74 735f 7374 7269 6e67 e280 990a 2020 nts_string.... \n+00003650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4120 7374 7269 6e67 A string\n+00003660: 206f 6620 706c 6174 666f 726d 2073 6561 of platform sea\n+00003670: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 7375 6974 6162 rch hints suitab\n+00003680: 6c65 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7369 6e67 2074 le for passing t\n+00003690: 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o the. \n+000036a0: e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2063 6f6d ...search... com\n+000036b0: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 mand (*note sear\n+000036c0: 6368 3a3a 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 ch::).. ...b\n+000036d0: 696f 735f 6869 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 ios_hints.... \n+000036e0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 Search hi\n+000036f0: 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 5043 2042 nts for the PC B\n+00003700: 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 IOS platform.. \n+00003710: 2020 20e2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 5f68 ...ieee1275_h\n+00003720: 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ints.... \n+00003730: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 Search hints f\n+00003740: 6f72 2074 6865 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 or the IEEE1275 \n+00003750: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 platform.. .\n+00003760: 8098 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c5f 6869 6e74 ..baremetal_hint\n+00003770: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 s.... S\n+00003780: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 earch hints for \n+00003790: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7768 6572 6520 platforms where \n+000037a0: 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6164 6472 6573 disks are addres\n+000037b0: 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 sed directly. \n+000037c0: 2020 2020 2020 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 rather th\n+000037d0: 616e 2076 6961 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e an via firmware.\n+000037e0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9865 6669 5f68 696e . ...efi_hin\n+000037f0: 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ts.... \n+00003800: 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 Search hints for\n+00003810: 2074 6865 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 the EFI platfor\n+00003820: 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 7263 5f68 m.. ...arc_h\n+00003830: 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ints.... \n+00003840: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 Search hints f\n+00003850: 6f72 2074 6865 2041 5243 2070 6c61 7466 or the ARC platf\n+00003860: 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f6d orm.. ...com\n+00003870: 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 5f68 696e 74e2 patibility_hint.\n+00003880: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 2067 ... A g\n+00003890: 7565 7373 2061 7420 6120 7265 6173 6f6e uess at a reason\n+000038a0: 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 6472 6976 6520 able GRUB drive \n+000038b0: 6e61 6d65 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 6465 name for this de\n+000038c0: 7669 6365 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 vice, which. \n+000038d0: 2020 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 may be use\n+000038e0: 6420 6173 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 d as a fallback \n+000038f0: 6966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 if the ...search\n+00003900: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6661 696c ... command fail\n+00003910: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6973 6be2 s.. ...disk.\n+00003920: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7973 ... Sys\n+00003930: 7465 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 tem device name \n+00003940: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 for the whole di\n+00003950: 736b 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a e280 sk......-v......\n+00003960: 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a 2020 .--verbose.... \n+00003970: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 626f 7365 Print verbose\n+00003980: 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 messages.....Fi\n+00003990: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000039a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n+000039b0: 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b rub-script-check\n+000039c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Prev: Invokin\n+000039d0: 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 2055 g grub-probe, U\n+000039e0: 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 p: User-space ut\n+000039f0: 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3820 496e ilities..24.8 In\n+00003a00: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 voking grub-scri\n+00003a10: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d pt-check.=======\n 00003a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n-00003a40: 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 7269 ram ...grub-scri\n-00003a50: 7074 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 7461 6b65 pt-check... take\n-00003a60: 7320 6120 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 s a GRUB script \n-00003a70: 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 5368 656c file (*note.Shel\n-00003a80: 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l-like scripting\n-00003a90: 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 6368 6563 6b73 2069 ::) and checks i\n-00003aa0: 7420 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 7272 t for syntax err\n-00003ab0: 6f72 732c 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f0a ors, similar to.\n-00003ac0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 7563 6820 6173 commands such as\n-00003ad0: 20e2 8098 7368 202d 6ee2 8099 2e20 2049 ...sh -n.... I\n-00003ae0: 7420 6d61 7920 7461 6b65 2061 2050 4154 t may take a PAT\n-00003af0: 4820 6173 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f H as a non-optio\n-00003b00: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 3b0a 6966 206e n argument;.if n\n-00003b10: 6f6e 6520 6973 2073 7570 706c 6965 642c one is supplied,\n-00003b20: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6672 it will read fr\n-00003b30: 6f6d 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7075 om standard inpu\n-00003b40: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7363 t... grub-sc\n-00003b50: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 202f 626f 6f74 ript-check /boot\n-00003b60: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a /grub/grub.cfg..\n-00003b70: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 ...grub-scrip\n-00003b80: 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2061 6363 6570 t-check... accep\n-00003b90: 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ts the following\n-00003ba0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d options:.....--\n-00003bb0: 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 help.... Pri\n-00003bc0: 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 nt a summary of \n-00003bd0: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n-00003be0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 options and exi\n-00003bf0: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e t......--version\n-00003c00: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 .... Print t\n-00003c10: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n-00003c20: 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 r of GRUB and ex\n-00003c30: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a e280 it......-v......\n-00003c40: 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a 2020 .--verbose.... \n-00003c50: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2065 6163 6820 6c69 Print each li\n-00003c60: 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6166 7465 ne of input afte\n-00003c70: 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f r reading it....\n-00003c80: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00003c90: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 , Node: Obtaini\n-00003ca0: 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 ng and Building \n-00003cb0: 4752 5542 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6570 GRUB, Next: Rep\n-00003cc0: 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5072 orting bugs, Pr\n-00003cd0: 6576 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 ev: User-space u\n-00003ce0: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 tilities, Up: T\n-00003cf0: 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2041 2048 op..Appendix A H\n-00003d00: 6f77 2074 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 6e64 ow to obtain and\n-00003d10: 2062 7569 6c64 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a build GRUB.****\n+00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n+00003a40: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 ogram ...grub-sc\n+00003a50: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 7461 ript-check... ta\n+00003a60: 6b65 7320 6120 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 kes a GRUB scrip\n+00003a70: 7420 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 5368 t file (*note.Sh\n+00003a80: 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 ell-like scripti\n+00003a90: 6e67 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 6368 6563 6b73 ng::) and checks\n+00003aa0: 2069 7420 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 it for syntax e\n+00003ab0: 7272 6f72 732c 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 rrors, similar t\n+00003ac0: 6f0a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 7563 6820 o.commands such \n+00003ad0: 6173 20e2 8098 7368 202d 6ee2 8099 2e20 as ...sh -n.... \n+00003ae0: 2049 7420 6d61 7920 7461 6b65 2061 2050 It may take a P\n+00003af0: 4154 4820 6173 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 ATH as a non-opt\n+00003b00: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 3b0a 6966 ion argument;.if\n+00003b10: 206e 6f6e 6520 6973 2073 7570 706c 6965 none is supplie\n+00003b20: 642c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 d, it will read \n+00003b30: 6672 6f6d 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e from standard in\n+00003b40: 7075 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d put... grub-\n+00003b50: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 202f 626f script-check /bo\n+00003b60: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n+00003b70: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 .. ...grub-scr\n+00003b80: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2061 6363 ipt-check... acc\n+00003b90: 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 epts the followi\n+00003ba0: 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 ng options:.....\n+00003bb0: 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 --help.... P\n+00003bc0: 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f rint a summary o\n+00003bd0: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 f the command-li\n+00003be0: 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 ne options and e\n+00003bf0: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 xit......--versi\n+00003c00: 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 on.... Print\n+00003c10: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d the version num\n+00003c20: 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 ber of GRUB and \n+00003c30: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a exit......-v....\n+00003c40: e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a ...--verbose....\n+00003c50: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2065 6163 6820 Print each \n+00003c60: 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6166 line of input af\n+00003c70: 7465 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6974 2e0a ter reading it..\n+00003c80: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00003c90: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 6274 6169 fo, Node: Obtai\n+00003ca0: 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e ning and Buildin\n+00003cb0: 6720 4752 5542 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 g GRUB, Next: R\n+00003cc0: 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 eporting bugs, \n+00003cd0: 5072 6576 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 Prev: User-space\n+00003ce0: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 2055 703a utilities, Up:\n+00003cf0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2041 Top..Appendix A\n+00003d00: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 How to obtain a\n+00003d10: 6e64 2062 7569 6c64 2047 5255 420a 2a2a nd build GRUB.**\n 00003d20: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 00003d30: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00003d40: 2a2a 2a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a43 6175 7469 ***.. *Cauti\n-00003d50: 6f6e 3a2a 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 on:* GRUB requir\n-00003d60: 6573 2062 696e 7574 696c 732d 322e 392e es binutils-2.9.\n-00003d70: 312e 302e 3233 206f 7220 6c61 7465 7220 1.0.23 or later \n-00003d80: 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 because the. \n-00003d90: 2047 4e55 2061 7373 656d 626c 6572 2068 GNU assembler h\n-00003da0: 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6368 616e 6765 6420 as been changed \n-00003db0: 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2070 so that it can p\n-00003dc0: 726f 6475 6365 2072 6561 6c20 3136 6269 roduce real 16bi\n-00003dd0: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e 6520 ts. machine \n-00003de0: 636f 6465 2062 6574 7765 656e 2032 2e39 code between 2.9\n-00003df0: 2e31 2061 6e64 2032 2e39 2e31 2e30 2e78 .1 and 2.9.1.0.x\n-00003e00: 2e20 2053 6565 0a20 2020 2020 3c68 7474 . See. , to obtain inf\n-00003e40: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 686f 770a ormation on how.\n-00003e50: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6765 7420 7468 6520 to get the \n-00003e60: 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a latest version..\n-00003e70: 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6176 6169 . GRUB is avai\n-00003e80: 6c61 626c 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2047 lable from the G\n-00003e90: 4e55 2061 6c70 6861 2061 7263 6869 7665 NU alpha archive\n-00003ea0: 2073 6974 650a 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 7470 site. or any of its\n-00003ed0: 206d 6972 726f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 2066 mirrors. The f\n-00003ee0: 696c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 6e61 6d65 ile will be.name\n-00003ef0: 6420 6772 7562 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 2e74 d grub-version.t\n-00003f00: 6172 2e67 7a2e 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 ar.gz. The curr\n-00003f10: 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6973 2032 ent version is 2\n-00003f20: 2e31 322c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 .12, so the file\n-00003f30: 2079 6f75 0a73 686f 756c 6420 6772 6162 you.should grab\n-00003f40: 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 203c 6674 703a 2f2f is:.. .. To un\n-00003f80: 6275 6e64 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7573 6520 bundle GRUB use \n-00003f90: 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e3a the instruction:\n-00003fa0: 0a0a 2020 2020 207a 6361 7420 6772 7562 .. zcat grub\n-00003fb0: 2d32 2e31 322e 7461 722e 677a 207c 2074 -2.12.tar.gz | t\n-00003fc0: 6172 2078 7666 202d 0a0a 2020 2077 6869 ar xvf -.. whi\n-00003fd0: 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 2061 ch will create a\n-00003fe0: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 616c 6c65 directory calle\n-00003ff0: 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d 322e 3132 e280 d ...grub-2.12..\n-00004000: 9920 7769 7468 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a73 . with all the.s\n-00004010: 6f75 7263 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e ources. You can\n-00004020: 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6865 2066 696c look at the fil\n-00004030: 6520 e280 9849 4e53 5441 4c4c e280 9920 e ...INSTALL... \n-00004040: 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 6564 2069 6e73 for detailed ins\n-00004050: 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2068 6f77 tructions.on how\n-00004060: 2074 6f20 6275 696c 6420 616e 6420 696e to build and in\n-00004070: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 stall GRUB, but \n-00004080: 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6162 you should be ab\n-00004090: 6c65 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2064 6f3a 0a0a le to just do:..\n-000040a0: 2020 2020 2063 6420 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 cd grub-2.1\n-000040b0: 320a 2020 2020 202e 2f63 6f6e 6669 6775 2. ./configu\n-000040c0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 6e73 re. make ins\n-000040d0: 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2074 tall.. Also, t\n-000040e0: 6865 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f he latest versio\n-000040f0: 6e20 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2075 n is available u\n-00004100: 7369 6e67 2047 6974 2e20 2053 6565 0a3c sing Git. See.<\n-00004110: 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f http://www.gnu.o\n-00004120: 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 652f 6772 7562 rg/software/grub\n-00004130: 2f67 7275 622d 646f 776e 6c6f 6164 2e68 /grub-download.h\n-00004140: 746d 6c3e 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e tml> for more.in\n-00004150: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 formation.....Fi\n-00004160: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00004170: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 Node: Reporting \n-00004180: 6275 6773 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 7574 bugs, Next: Fut\n-00004190: 7572 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4f62 7461 ure, Prev: Obta\n-000041a0: 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 ining and Buildi\n-000041b0: 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ng GRUB, Up: To\n-000041c0: 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4220 5265 p..Appendix B Re\n-000041d0: 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 0a2a 2a2a porting bugs.***\n+00003d40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a43 6175 *****.. *Cau\n+00003d50: 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 tion:* GRUB requ\n+00003d60: 6972 6573 2062 696e 7574 696c 732d 322e ires binutils-2.\n+00003d70: 392e 312e 302e 3233 206f 7220 6c61 7465 9.1.0.23 or late\n+00003d80: 7220 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a 2020 r because the. \n+00003d90: 2020 2047 4e55 2061 7373 656d 626c 6572 GNU assembler\n+00003da0: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6368 616e 6765 has been change\n+00003db0: 6420 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e d so that it can\n+00003dc0: 2070 726f 6475 6365 2072 6561 6c20 3136 produce real 16\n+00003dd0: 6269 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e bits. machin\n+00003de0: 6520 636f 6465 2062 6574 7765 656e 2032 e code between 2\n+00003df0: 2e39 2e31 2061 6e64 2032 2e39 2e31 2e30 .9.1 and 2.9.1.0\n+00003e00: 2e78 2e20 2053 6565 0a20 2020 2020 3c68 .x. See. , to obtain i\n+00003e40: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 686f nformation on ho\n+00003e50: 770a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6765 7420 7468 w. to get th\n+00003e60: 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e e latest version\n+00003e70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6176 ... GRUB is av\n+00003e80: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 ailable from the\n+00003e90: 2047 4e55 2061 6c70 6861 2061 7263 6869 GNU alpha archi\n+00003ea0: 7665 2073 6974 650a 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 ve site. or any of i\n+00003ed0: 7473 206d 6972 726f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 ts mirrors. The\n+00003ee0: 2066 696c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 6e61 file will be.na\n+00003ef0: 6d65 6420 6772 7562 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e med grub-version\n+00003f00: 2e74 6172 2e67 7a2e 2020 5468 6520 6375 .tar.gz. The cu\n+00003f10: 7272 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6973 rrent version is\n+00003f20: 2032 2e31 322c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6669 2.12, so the fi\n+00003f30: 6c65 2079 6f75 0a73 686f 756c 6420 6772 le you.should gr\n+00003f40: 6162 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 203c 6674 703a ab is:.. .. To \n+00003f80: 756e 6275 6e64 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7573 unbundle GRUB us\n+00003f90: 6520 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f e the instructio\n+00003fa0: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 207a 6361 7420 6772 n:.. zcat gr\n+00003fb0: 7562 2d32 2e31 322e 7461 722e 677a 207c ub-2.12.tar.gz |\n+00003fc0: 2074 6172 2078 7666 202d 0a0a 2020 2077 tar xvf -.. w\n+00003fd0: 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 hich will create\n+00003fe0: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 616c a directory cal\n+00003ff0: 6c65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d 322e 3132 led ...grub-2.12\n+00004000: e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 ... with all the\n+00004010: 0a73 6f75 7263 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 .sources. You c\n+00004020: 616e 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6865 2066 an look at the f\n+00004030: 696c 6520 e280 9849 4e53 5441 4c4c e280 ile ...INSTALL..\n+00004040: 9920 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 6564 2069 . for detailed i\n+00004050: 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2068 nstructions.on h\n+00004060: 6f77 2074 6f20 6275 696c 6420 616e 6420 ow to build and \n+00004070: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 install GRUB, bu\n+00004080: 7420 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 t you should be \n+00004090: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2064 6f3a able to just do:\n+000040a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2063 6420 6772 7562 2d32 .. cd grub-2\n+000040b0: 2e31 320a 2020 2020 202e 2f63 6f6e 6669 .12. ./confi\n+000040c0: 6775 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 gure. make i\n+000040d0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c nstall.. Also,\n+000040e0: 2074 6865 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 the latest vers\n+000040f0: 696f 6e20 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ion is available\n+00004100: 2075 7369 6e67 2047 6974 2e20 2053 6565 using Git. See\n+00004110: 0a3c 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 . for more.\n+00004150: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a information.....\n+00004160: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00004170: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e Node: Reportin\n+00004180: 6720 6275 6773 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 g bugs, Next: F\n+00004190: 7574 7572 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4f62 uture, Prev: Ob\n+000041a0: 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c taining and Buil\n+000041b0: 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 ding GRUB, Up: \n+000041c0: 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4220 Top..Appendix B \n+000041d0: 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 0a2a Reporting bugs.*\n 000041e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 6172 ******..These ar\n-00004200: 6520 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 e the guideline \n-00004210: 666f 7220 686f 7720 746f 2072 6570 6f72 for how to repor\n-00004220: 7420 6275 6773 2e20 2054 616b 6520 6120 t bugs. Take a \n-00004230: 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6973 0a6c 6973 look at this.lis\n-00004240: 7420 6265 6c6f 7720 6265 666f 7265 2079 t below before y\n-00004250: 6f75 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6275 6773 3a0a ou submit bugs:.\n-00004260: 0a20 2031 2e20 4265 666f 7265 2067 6574 . 1. Before get\n-00004270: 7469 6e67 2075 6e73 6574 746c 6564 2c20 ting unsettled, \n-00004280: 7265 6164 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c read this manual\n-00004290: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 6e64 2074 6872 through and thr\n-000042a0: 6f75 6768 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c ough.. Also,\n-000042b0: 2073 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2047 5255 see the GNU GRU\n-000042c0: 4220 4641 510a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 B FAQ. (http\n-000042d0: 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 ://www.gnu.org/s\n-000042e0: 6f66 7477 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 oftware/grub/gru\n-000042f0: 622d 6661 712e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 b-faq.html)... \n-00004300: 322e 2041 6c77 6179 7320 6d65 6e74 696f 2. Always mentio\n-00004310: 6e20 7468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f n the informatio\n-00004320: 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 4752 5542 2e20 n on your GRUB. \n-00004330: 5468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 The version numb\n-00004340: 6572 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 er and. the \n-00004350: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6172 configuration ar\n-00004360: 6520 7175 6974 6520 696d 706f 7274 616e e quite importan\n-00004370: 742e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 7569 6c64 t. If you build\n-00004380: 2069 7420 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2c0a 2020 it yourself,. \n-00004390: 2020 2077 7269 7465 2074 6865 206f 7074 write the opt\n-000043a0: 696f 6e73 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 ions specified t\n-000043b0: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 o the configure \n-000043c0: 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 720a script and your.\n-000043d0: 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 operating s\n-000043e0: 7973 7465 6d2c 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 ystem, including\n-000043f0: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 the versions of\n-00004400: 2067 6363 2061 6e64 2062 696e 7574 696c gcc and binutil\n-00004410: 732e 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 s... 3. If you \n-00004420: 6861 7665 2074 726f 7562 6c65 2077 6974 have trouble wit\n-00004430: 6820 7468 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 h the installati\n-00004440: 6f6e 2c20 696e 666f 726d 2075 7320 6f66 on, inform us of\n-00004450: 2068 6f77 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 696e how you. in\n-00004460: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 4752 5542 2e20 446f stalled GRUB. Do\n-00004470: 6e27 7420 6f6d 6974 2065 7272 6f72 206d n't omit error m\n-00004480: 6573 7361 6765 732c 2069 6620 616e 792e essages, if any.\n-00004490: 2020 4a75 7374 20e2 8098 4752 5542 0a20 Just ...GRUB. \n-000044a0: 2020 2020 6861 6e67 7320 7570 2077 6865 hangs up whe\n-000044b0: 6e20 6974 2062 6f6f 7473 e280 9920 6973 n it boots... is\n-000044c0: 206e 6f74 2065 6e6f 7567 682e 0a0a 2020 not enough... \n-000044d0: 2020 2054 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 The informati\n-000044e0: 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2068 6172 6477 on on your hardw\n-000044f0: 6172 6520 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 6573 7365 are is also esse\n-00004500: 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6172 ntial. These ar\n-00004510: 650a 2020 2020 2065 7370 6563 6961 6c6c e. especiall\n-00004520: 7920 696d 706f 7274 616e 743a 2074 6865 y important: the\n-00004530: 2067 656f 6d65 7472 6965 7320 616e 6420 geometries and \n-00004540: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 the partition ta\n-00004550: 626c 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 bles of. you\n-00004560: 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 r hard disk driv\n-00004570: 6573 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 es and your BIOS\n-00004580: 2e0a 0a20 2034 2e20 4966 2047 5255 4220 ... 4. If GRUB \n-00004590: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 796f 7572 cannot boot your\n-000045a0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-000045b0: 6d2c 2077 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 5f65 m, write down _e\n-000045c0: 7665 7279 7468 696e 675f 0a20 2020 2020 verything_. \n-000045d0: 796f 7520 7365 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 you see on the s\n-000045e0: 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 446f 6e27 7420 7061 creen. Don't pa\n-000045f0: 7261 7068 7261 7365 2074 6865 6d2c 206c raphrase them, l\n-00004600: 696b 6520 e280 9854 6865 2066 6f6f 204f ike ...The foo O\n-00004610: 530a 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2077 S. crashes w\n-00004620: 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 6576 656e 2074 ith GRUB, even t\n-00004630: 686f 7567 6820 6974 2063 616e 2062 6f6f hough it can boo\n-00004640: 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 6172 2062 t with the bar b\n-00004650: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a20 2020 2020 oot loader. \n-00004660: 6a75 7374 2066 696e 65e2 8099 2e20 204d just fine.... M\n-00004670: 656e 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ention the comma\n-00004680: 6e64 7320 796f 7520 6578 6563 7574 6564 nds you executed\n-00004690: 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 0a20 , the messages. \n-000046a0: 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 6279 2074 printed by t\n-000046b0: 6865 6d2c 2061 6e64 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 hem, and informa\n-000046c0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206f 7065 tion on your ope\n-000046d0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e rating system in\n-000046e0: 636c 7564 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 cluding. the\n-000046f0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 722e version number.\n-00004700: 0a0a 2020 352e 2045 7870 6c61 696e 2077 .. 5. Explain w\n-00004710: 6861 7420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 6564 2074 hat you wanted t\n-00004720: 6f20 646f 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2076 6572 o do. It is ver\n-00004730: 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6b6e 6f77 y useful to know\n-00004740: 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 7572 706f your. purpo\n-00004750: 7365 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 7769 7368 se and your wish\n-00004760: 2c20 616e 6420 686f 7720 4752 5542 2064 , and how GRUB d\n-00004770: 6964 6e27 7420 7361 7469 7366 7920 796f idn't satisfy yo\n-00004780: 752e 0a0a 2020 362e 2049 6620 796f 7520 u... 6. If you \n-00004790: 6361 6e20 696e 7665 7374 6967 6174 6520 can investigate \n-000047a0: 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f 7572 the problem your\n-000047b0: 7365 6c66 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2064 6f2e self, please do.\n-000047c0: 2020 5468 6174 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 That will. \n-000047d0: 2067 6976 6520 796f 7520 616e 6420 7573 give you and us\n-000047e0: 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 much more infor\n-000047f0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 mation on the pr\n-00004800: 6f62 6c65 6d2e 2020 4174 7461 6368 696e oblem. Attachin\n-00004810: 6720 610a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 2069 g a. patch i\n-00004820: 7320 6576 656e 2062 6574 7465 722e 0a0a s even better...\n-00004830: 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6174 When you at\n-00004840: 7461 6368 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 6d61 tach a patch, ma\n-00004850: 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6174 6368 2069 6e20 ke the patch in \n-00004860: 756e 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 2066 6f72 unified diff for\n-00004870: 6d61 742c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7772 mat, and. wr\n-00004880: 6974 6520 4368 616e 6765 4c6f 6720 656e ite ChangeLog en\n-00004890: 7472 6965 732e 2020 4275 742c 2065 7665 tries. But, eve\n-000048a0: 6e20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 n when you make \n-000048b0: 6120 7061 7463 682c 2064 6f6e 2774 0a20 a patch, don't. \n-000048c0: 2020 2020 666f 7267 6574 2074 6f20 6578 forget to ex\n-000048d0: 706c 6169 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 plain the proble\n-000048e0: 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 m, so that we ca\n-000048f0: 6e20 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2077 6861 n understand wha\n-00004900: 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 t your. patc\n-00004910: 6820 6973 2066 6f72 2e0a 0a20 2037 2e20 h is for... 7. \n-00004920: 5772 6974 6520 646f 776e 2061 6e79 7468 Write down anyth\n-00004930: 696e 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2074 6869 ing that you thi\n-00004940: 6e6b 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7265 6c61 nk might be rela\n-00004950: 7465 642e 2020 506c 6561 7365 0a20 2020 ted. Please. \n-00004960: 2020 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2074 6861 understand tha\n-00004970: 7420 7765 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 t we often need \n-00004980: 746f 2072 6570 726f 6475 6365 2074 6865 to reproduce the\n-00004990: 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f same problem yo\n-000049a0: 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 6f75 6e74 6572 u. encounter\n-000049b0: 6564 2069 6e20 6f75 7220 656e 7669 726f ed in our enviro\n-000049c0: 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 536f 2079 6f75 7220 nment. So your \n-000049d0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7368 6f75 information shou\n-000049e0: 6c64 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7566 6669 ld be. suffi\n-000049f0: 6369 656e 7420 666f 7220 7573 2074 6f20 cient for us to \n-00004a00: 646f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7468 696e do the same thin\n-00004a10: 672d 2d44 6f6e 2774 2066 6f72 6765 7420 g--Don't forget \n-00004a20: 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a20 that we cannot. \n-00004a30: 2020 2020 7365 6520 796f 7572 2063 6f6d see your com\n-00004a40: 7075 7465 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 puter directly. \n-00004a50: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 If you are not \n-00004a60: 7375 7265 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 6f20 sure whether to \n-00004a70: 7374 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 2066 6163 state a. fac\n-00004a80: 7420 6f72 206c 6561 7665 2069 7420 6f75 t or leave it ou\n-00004a90: 742c 2073 7461 7465 2069 7421 2020 5265 t, state it! Re\n-00004aa0: 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 porting too many\n-00004ab0: 2074 6869 6e67 7320 6973 206d 7563 680a things is much.\n-00004ac0: 2020 2020 2062 6574 7465 7220 7468 616e better than\n-00004ad0: 206f 6d69 7474 696e 6720 736f 6d65 7468 omitting someth\n-00004ae0: 696e 6720 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e 0a0a ing important...\n-00004af0: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 666f 6c6c 6f77 If you follow\n-00004b00: 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 2061 the guideline a\n-00004b10: 626f 7665 2c20 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 bove, submit a r\n-00004b20: 6570 6f72 7420 746f 2074 6865 2042 7567 eport to the Bug\n-00004b30: 0a54 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d .Tracking System\n-00004b40: 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6176 616e 6e61 (http://savanna\n-00004b50: 682e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 6275 6773 2f3f h.gnu.org/bugs/?\n-00004b60: 6772 6f75 703d 6772 7562 292e 0a41 6c74 group=grub)..Alt\n-00004b70: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 796f 7520 ernatively, you \n-00004b80: 6361 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 6570 can submit a rep\n-00004b90: 6f72 7420 7669 6120 656c 6563 7472 6f6e ort via electron\n-00004ba0: 6963 206d 6169 6c20 746f 0a3c 6275 672d ic mail to., b\n-00004bc0: 7574 2077 6520 7374 726f 6e67 6c79 2072 ut we strongly r\n-00004bd0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6861 7420 796f ecommend that yo\n-00004be0: 7520 7573 6520 7468 6520 4275 670a 5472 u use the Bug.Tr\n-00004bf0: 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d2c 2062 acking System, b\n-00004c00: 6563 6175 7365 2065 2d6d 6169 6c20 6361 ecause e-mail ca\n-00004c10: 6e20 6265 2070 6173 7365 6420 6f76 6572 n be passed over\n-00004c20: 2065 6173 696c 792e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e63 easily... Onc\n-00004c30: 6520 7765 2067 6574 2079 6f75 7220 7265 e we get your re\n-00004c40: 706f 7274 2c20 7765 2077 696c 6c20 7472 port, we will tr\n-00004c50: 7920 746f 2066 6978 2074 6865 2062 7567 y to fix the bug\n-00004c60: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00004c70: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4675 .info, Node: Fu\n-00004c80: 7475 7265 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f70 ture, Next: Cop\n-00004c90: 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c ying This Manual\n-00004ca0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 , Prev: Reporti\n-00004cb0: 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ng bugs, Up: To\n-00004cc0: 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4320 5768 p..Appendix C Wh\n-00004cd0: 6572 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 676f ere GRUB will go\n-00004ce0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n-00004d00: 4752 5542 2032 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 7175 GRUB 2 is now qu\n-00004d10: 6974 6520 7374 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 ite stable and u\n-00004d20: 7365 6420 696e 206d 616e 7920 7072 6f64 sed in many prod\n-00004d30: 7563 7469 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 uction systems. \n-00004d40: 2057 6520 6172 650a 6375 7272 656e 746c We are.currentl\n-00004d50: 7920 776f 726b 696e 6720 746f 7761 7264 y working toward\n-00004d60: 7320 6120 322e 3020 7265 6c65 6173 652e s a 2.0 release.\n-00004d70: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 .. If you are \n-00004d80: 696e 7465 7265 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 interested in th\n-00004d90: 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 6f66 e development of\n-00004da0: 2047 5255 4220 322c 2074 616b 6520 6120 GRUB 2, take a \n-00004db0: 6c6f 6f6b 2061 740a 7468 6520 686f 6d65 look at.the home\n-00004dc0: 7061 6765 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 page (http://www\n-00004dd0: 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 .gnu.org/softwar\n-00004de0: 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6874 6d6c e/grub/grub.html\n-00004df0: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-00004e00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .info, Node: Co\n-00004e10: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n-00004e20: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 6465 782c l, Next: Index,\n-00004e30: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4675 7475 7265 2c20 Prev: Future, \n-00004e40: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 Up: Top..Append\n-00004e50: 6978 2044 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 ix D Copying Thi\n-00004e60: 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s Manual.*******\n+000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 ********..These \n+00004200: 6172 6520 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e are the guidelin\n+00004210: 6520 666f 7220 686f 7720 746f 2072 6570 e for how to rep\n+00004220: 6f72 7420 6275 6773 2e20 2054 616b 6520 ort bugs. Take \n+00004230: 6120 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6973 0a6c a look at this.l\n+00004240: 6973 7420 6265 6c6f 7720 6265 666f 7265 ist below before\n+00004250: 2079 6f75 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6275 6773 you submit bugs\n+00004260: 3a0a 0a20 2031 2e20 4265 666f 7265 2067 :.. 1. Before g\n+00004270: 6574 7469 6e67 2075 6e73 6574 746c 6564 etting unsettled\n+00004280: 2c20 7265 6164 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 , read this manu\n+00004290: 616c 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 6e64 2074 al through and t\n+000042a0: 6872 6f75 6768 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 hrough.. Als\n+000042b0: 6f2c 2073 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2047 o, see the GNU G\n+000042c0: 5255 4220 4641 510a 2020 2020 2028 6874 RUB FAQ. (ht\n+000042d0: 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 tp://www.gnu.org\n+000042e0: 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f67 /software/grub/g\n+000042f0: 7275 622d 6661 712e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a rub-faq.html)...\n+00004300: 2020 322e 2041 6c77 6179 7320 6d65 6e74 2. Always ment\n+00004310: 696f 6e20 7468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 ion the informat\n+00004320: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 4752 5542 ion on your GRUB\n+00004330: 2e20 5468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 . The version nu\n+00004340: 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 mber and. th\n+00004350: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 e configuration \n+00004360: 6172 6520 7175 6974 6520 696d 706f 7274 are quite import\n+00004370: 616e 742e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 7569 ant. If you bui\n+00004380: 6c64 2069 7420 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2c0a ld it yourself,.\n+00004390: 2020 2020 2077 7269 7465 2074 6865 206f write the o\n+000043a0: 7074 696f 6e73 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 ptions specified\n+000043b0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 to the configur\n+000043c0: 6520 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 e script and you\n+000043d0: 720a 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 r. operating\n+000043e0: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 system, includi\n+000043f0: 6e67 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 ng the versions \n+00004400: 6f66 2067 6363 2061 6e64 2062 696e 7574 of gcc and binut\n+00004410: 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f ils... 3. If yo\n+00004420: 7520 6861 7665 2074 726f 7562 6c65 2077 u have trouble w\n+00004430: 6974 6820 7468 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c61 ith the installa\n+00004440: 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 666f 726d 2075 7320 tion, inform us \n+00004450: 6f66 2068 6f77 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 of how you. \n+00004460: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 4752 5542 2e20 installed GRUB. \n+00004470: 446f 6e27 7420 6f6d 6974 2065 7272 6f72 Don't omit error\n+00004480: 206d 6573 7361 6765 732c 2069 6620 616e messages, if an\n+00004490: 792e 2020 4a75 7374 20e2 8098 4752 5542 y. Just ...GRUB\n+000044a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 7320 7570 2077 . hangs up w\n+000044b0: 6865 6e20 6974 2062 6f6f 7473 e280 9920 hen it boots... \n+000044c0: 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e6f 7567 682e 0a0a is not enough...\n+000044d0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 The informa\n+000044e0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2068 6172 tion on your har\n+000044f0: 6477 6172 6520 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 6573 dware is also es\n+00004500: 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 sential. These \n+00004510: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2065 7370 6563 6961 are. especia\n+00004520: 6c6c 7920 696d 706f 7274 616e 743a 2074 lly important: t\n+00004530: 6865 2067 656f 6d65 7472 6965 7320 616e he geometries an\n+00004540: 6420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 d the partition \n+00004550: 7461 626c 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 2079 tables of. y\n+00004560: 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 our hard disk dr\n+00004570: 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 4249 ives and your BI\n+00004580: 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2034 2e20 4966 2047 5255 OS... 4. If GRU\n+00004590: 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 796f B cannot boot yo\n+000045a0: 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ur operating sys\n+000045b0: 7465 6d2c 2077 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 tem, write down \n+000045c0: 5f65 7665 7279 7468 696e 675f 0a20 2020 _everything_. \n+000045d0: 2020 796f 7520 7365 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 you see on the\n+000045e0: 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 446f 6e27 7420 screen. Don't \n+000045f0: 7061 7261 7068 7261 7365 2074 6865 6d2c paraphrase them,\n+00004600: 206c 696b 6520 e280 9854 6865 2066 6f6f like ...The foo\n+00004610: 204f 530a 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 OS. crashes\n+00004620: 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 6576 656e with GRUB, even\n+00004630: 2074 686f 7567 6820 6974 2063 616e 2062 though it can b\n+00004640: 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 6172 oot with the bar\n+00004650: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a20 2020 boot loader. \n+00004660: 2020 6a75 7374 2066 696e 65e2 8099 2e20 just fine.... \n+00004670: 204d 656e 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d Mention the com\n+00004680: 6d61 6e64 7320 796f 7520 6578 6563 7574 mands you execut\n+00004690: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 ed, the messages\n+000046a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 6279 . printed by\n+000046b0: 2074 6865 6d2c 2061 6e64 2069 6e66 6f72 them, and infor\n+000046c0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206f mation on your o\n+000046d0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n+000046e0: 696e 636c 7564 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 including. t\n+000046f0: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n+00004700: 722e 0a0a 2020 352e 2045 7870 6c61 696e r... 5. Explain\n+00004710: 2077 6861 7420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 6564 what you wanted\n+00004720: 2074 6f20 646f 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2076 to do. It is v\n+00004730: 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6b6e ery useful to kn\n+00004740: 6f77 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 7572 ow your. pur\n+00004750: 706f 7365 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 7769 pose and your wi\n+00004760: 7368 2c20 616e 6420 686f 7720 4752 5542 sh, and how GRUB\n+00004770: 2064 6964 6e27 7420 7361 7469 7366 7920 didn't satisfy \n+00004780: 796f 752e 0a0a 2020 362e 2049 6620 796f you... 6. If yo\n+00004790: 7520 6361 6e20 696e 7665 7374 6967 6174 u can investigat\n+000047a0: 6520 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f e the problem yo\n+000047b0: 7572 7365 6c66 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2064 urself, please d\n+000047c0: 6f2e 2020 5468 6174 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 o. That will. \n+000047d0: 2020 2067 6976 6520 796f 7520 616e 6420 give you and \n+000047e0: 7573 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 us much more inf\n+000047f0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ormation on the \n+00004800: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2e 2020 4174 7461 6368 problem. Attach\n+00004810: 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 ing a. patch\n+00004820: 2069 7320 6576 656e 2062 6574 7465 722e is even better.\n+00004830: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 .. When you \n+00004840: 6174 7461 6368 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 attach a patch, \n+00004850: 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6174 6368 2069 make the patch i\n+00004860: 6e20 756e 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 2066 n unified diff f\n+00004870: 6f72 6d61 742c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 ormat, and. \n+00004880: 7772 6974 6520 4368 616e 6765 4c6f 6720 write ChangeLog \n+00004890: 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 4275 742c 2065 entries. But, e\n+000048a0: 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206d 616b ven when you mak\n+000048b0: 6520 6120 7061 7463 682c 2064 6f6e 2774 e a patch, don't\n+000048c0: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7267 6574 2074 6f20 . forget to \n+000048d0: 6578 706c 6169 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f62 explain the prob\n+000048e0: 6c65 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2077 6520 lem, so that we \n+000048f0: 6361 6e20 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2077 can understand w\n+00004900: 6861 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7061 hat your. pa\n+00004910: 7463 6820 6973 2066 6f72 2e0a 0a20 2037 tch is for... 7\n+00004920: 2e20 5772 6974 6520 646f 776e 2061 6e79 . Write down any\n+00004930: 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2074 thing that you t\n+00004940: 6869 6e6b 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7265 hink might be re\n+00004950: 6c61 7465 642e 2020 506c 6561 7365 0a20 lated. Please. \n+00004960: 2020 2020 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2074 understand t\n+00004970: 6861 7420 7765 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 hat we often nee\n+00004980: 6420 746f 2072 6570 726f 6475 6365 2074 d to reproduce t\n+00004990: 6865 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 he same problem \n+000049a0: 796f 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 6f75 6e74 you. encount\n+000049b0: 6572 6564 2069 6e20 6f75 7220 656e 7669 ered in our envi\n+000049c0: 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 536f 2079 6f75 ronment. So you\n+000049d0: 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7368 r information sh\n+000049e0: 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7566 ould be. suf\n+000049f0: 6669 6369 656e 7420 666f 7220 7573 2074 ficient for us t\n+00004a00: 6f20 646f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7468 o do the same th\n+00004a10: 696e 672d 2d44 6f6e 2774 2066 6f72 6765 ing--Don't forge\n+00004a20: 7420 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 t that we cannot\n+00004a30: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6520 796f 7572 2063 . see your c\n+00004a40: 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 omputer directly\n+00004a50: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 6e6f . If you are no\n+00004a60: 7420 7375 7265 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 t sure whether t\n+00004a70: 6f20 7374 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 2066 o state a. f\n+00004a80: 6163 7420 6f72 206c 6561 7665 2069 7420 act or leave it \n+00004a90: 6f75 742c 2073 7461 7465 2069 7421 2020 out, state it! \n+00004aa0: 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 6f20 6d61 Reporting too ma\n+00004ab0: 6e79 2074 6869 6e67 7320 6973 206d 7563 ny things is muc\n+00004ac0: 680a 2020 2020 2062 6574 7465 7220 7468 h. better th\n+00004ad0: 616e 206f 6d69 7474 696e 6720 736f 6d65 an omitting some\n+00004ae0: 7468 696e 6720 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e thing important.\n+00004af0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 666f 6c6c .. If you foll\n+00004b00: 6f77 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 ow the guideline\n+00004b10: 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7375 626d 6974 2061 above, submit a\n+00004b20: 2072 6570 6f72 7420 746f 2074 6865 2042 report to the B\n+00004b30: 7567 0a54 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 ug.Tracking Syst\n+00004b40: 656d 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6176 616e em (http://savan\n+00004b50: 6e61 682e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 6275 6773 nah.gnu.org/bugs\n+00004b60: 2f3f 6772 6f75 703d 6772 7562 292e 0a41 /?group=grub)..A\n+00004b70: 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 796f lternatively, yo\n+00004b80: 7520 6361 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 u can submit a r\n+00004b90: 6570 6f72 7420 7669 6120 656c 6563 7472 eport via electr\n+00004ba0: 6f6e 6963 206d 6169 6c20 746f 0a3c 6275 onic mail to.,\n+00004bc0: 2062 7574 2077 6520 7374 726f 6e67 6c79 but we strongly\n+00004bd0: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6861 7420 recommend that \n+00004be0: 796f 7520 7573 6520 7468 6520 4275 670a you use the Bug.\n+00004bf0: 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d2c Tracking System,\n+00004c00: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2065 2d6d 6169 6c20 because e-mail \n+00004c10: 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6173 7365 6420 6f76 can be passed ov\n+00004c20: 6572 2065 6173 696c 792e 0a0a 2020 204f er easily... O\n+00004c30: 6e63 6520 7765 2067 6574 2079 6f75 7220 nce we get your \n+00004c40: 7265 706f 7274 2c20 7765 2077 696c 6c20 report, we will \n+00004c50: 7472 7920 746f 2066 6978 2074 6865 2062 try to fix the b\n+00004c60: 7567 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ugs.....File: gr\n+00004c70: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00004c80: 4675 7475 7265 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 Future, Next: C\n+00004c90: 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 opying This Manu\n+00004ca0: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2052 6570 6f72 al, Prev: Repor\n+00004cb0: 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5570 3a20 ting bugs, Up: \n+00004cc0: 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4320 Top..Appendix C \n+00004cd0: 5768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 Where GRUB will \n+00004ce0: 676f 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a go.*************\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00004d00: 0a0a 4752 5542 2032 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 ..GRUB 2 is now \n+00004d10: 7175 6974 6520 7374 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 quite stable and\n+00004d20: 2075 7365 6420 696e 206d 616e 7920 7072 used in many pr\n+00004d30: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 oduction systems\n+00004d40: 2e20 2057 6520 6172 650a 6375 7272 656e . We are.curren\n+00004d50: 746c 7920 776f 726b 696e 6720 746f 7761 tly working towa\n+00004d60: 7264 7320 6120 322e 3020 7265 6c65 6173 rds a 2.0 releas\n+00004d70: 652e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 e... If you ar\n+00004d80: 6520 696e 7465 7265 7374 6564 2069 6e20 e interested in \n+00004d90: 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 the development \n+00004da0: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 322c 2074 616b 6520 of GRUB 2, take \n+00004db0: 6120 6c6f 6f6b 2061 740a 7468 6520 686f a look at.the ho\n+00004dc0: 6d65 7061 6765 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 mepage (http://w\n+00004dd0: 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 ww.gnu.org/softw\n+00004de0: 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6874 are/grub/grub.ht\n+00004df0: 6d6c 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ml).....File: gr\n+00004e00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00004e10: 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e Copying This Man\n+00004e20: 7561 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 6465 ual, Next: Inde\n+00004e30: 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4675 7475 7265 x, Prev: Future\n+00004e40: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 , Up: Top..Appe\n+00004e50: 6e64 6978 2044 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 ndix D Copying T\n+00004e60: 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a his Manual.*****\n 00004e70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a *******..* Menu:\n-00004e90: 0a0a 2a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 ..* GNU Free Doc\n-00004ea0: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n-00004eb0: 7365 3a3a 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 666f se:: License fo\n-00004ec0: 7220 636f 7079 696e 6720 7468 6973 206d r copying this m\n-00004ed0: 616e 7561 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 anual.....File: \n-00004ee0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00004ef0: 3a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d : GNU Free Docum\n-00004f00: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 entation License\n-00004f10: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 , Up: Copying T\n-00004f20: 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a0a 442e 3120 his Manual..D.1 \n-00004f30: 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e GNU Free Documen\n-00004f40: 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 0a3d tation License.=\n-00004f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e *********..* Men\n+00004e90: 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 u:..* GNU Free D\n+00004ea0: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n+00004eb0: 656e 7365 3a3a 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 ense:: License \n+00004ec0: 666f 7220 636f 7079 696e 6720 7468 6973 for copying this\n+00004ed0: 206d 616e 7561 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 manual.....File\n+00004ee0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00004ef0: 6465 3a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 de: GNU Free Doc\n+00004f00: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n+00004f10: 7365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 se, Up: Copying\n+00004f20: 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a0a 442e This Manual..D.\n+00004f30: 3120 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 1 GNU Free Docum\n+00004f40: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 entation License\n+00004f50: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 00004f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004f70: 3d0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 =.. \n-00004f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e Version\n-00004f90: 2031 2e32 2c20 4e6f 7665 6d62 6572 2032 1.2, November 2\n-00004fa0: 3030 320a 0a20 2020 2020 436f 7079 7269 002.. 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But t\n-00005490: 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 206e his License is n\n-000054a0: 6f74 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 ot limited to. \n-000054b0: 2020 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 6d61 6e75 software manu\n-000054c0: 616c 733b 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 als; it can be u\n-000054d0: 7365 6420 666f 7220 616e 7920 7465 7874 sed for any text\n-000054e0: 7561 6c20 776f 726b 2c20 7265 6761 7264 ual work, regard\n-000054f0: 6c65 7373 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2073 7562 less. of sub\n-00005500: 6a65 6374 206d 6174 7465 7220 6f72 2077 ject matter or w\n-00005510: 6865 7468 6572 2069 7420 6973 2070 7562 hether it is pub\n-00005520: 6c69 7368 6564 2061 7320 6120 7072 696e lished as a prin\n-00005530: 7465 6420 626f 6f6b 2e20 2057 650a 2020 ted book. We. \n-00005540: 2020 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6869 recommend thi\n-00005550: 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 7072 696e 6369 s License princi\n-00005560: 7061 6c6c 7920 666f 7220 776f 726b 7320 pally for works \n-00005570: 7768 6f73 6520 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6973 whose purpose is\n-00005580: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f . instructio\n-00005590: 6e20 6f72 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 2e0a n or reference..\n-000055a0: 0a20 2031 2e20 4150 504c 4943 4142 494c . 1. APPLICABIL\n-000055b0: 4954 5920 414e 4420 4445 4649 4e49 5449 ITY AND DEFINITI\n-000055c0: 4f4e 530a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 204c ONS.. This L\n-000055d0: 6963 656e 7365 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 icense applies t\n-000055e0: 6f20 616e 7920 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 7220 o any manual or \n-000055f0: 6f74 6865 7220 776f 726b 2c20 696e 2061 other work, in a\n-00005600: 6e79 206d 6564 6975 6d2c 0a20 2020 2020 ny medium,. \n-00005610: 7468 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 6120 that contains a \n-00005620: 6e6f 7469 6365 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6279 notice placed by\n-00005630: 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 2068 the copyright h\n-00005640: 6f6c 6465 7220 7361 7969 6e67 2069 7420 older saying it \n-00005650: 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6520 6469 7374 can. be dist\n-00005660: 7269 6275 7465 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 ributed under th\n-00005670: 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2074 6869 7320 e terms of this \n-00005680: 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 2020 5375 6368 2061 License. Such a\n-00005690: 206e 6f74 6963 650a 2020 2020 2067 7261 notice. gra\n-000056a0: 6e74 7320 6120 776f 726c 642d 7769 6465 nts a world-wide\n-000056b0: 2c20 726f 7961 6c74 792d 6672 6565 206c , royalty-free l\n-000056c0: 6963 656e 7365 2c20 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 icense, unlimite\n-000056d0: 6420 696e 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 0a20 d in duration,. \n-000056e0: 2020 2020 746f 2075 7365 2074 6861 7420 to use that \n-000056f0: 776f 726b 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2063 work under the c\n-00005700: 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6174 6564 onditions stated\n-00005710: 2068 6572 6569 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 herein. The. \n-00005720: 2020 2022 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 222c 2062 \"Document\", b\n-00005730: 656c 6f77 2c20 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 elow, refers to \n-00005740: 616e 7920 7375 6368 206d 616e 7561 6c20 any such manual \n-00005750: 6f72 2077 6f72 6b2e 2020 416e 7920 6d65 or work. Any me\n-00005760: 6d62 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6865 mber. of the\n-00005770: 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6973 2061 206c 6963 public is a lic\n-00005780: 656e 7365 652c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6164 ensee, and is ad\n-00005790: 6472 6573 7365 6420 6173 2022 796f 7522 dressed as \"you\"\n-000057a0: 2e20 2059 6f75 2061 6363 6570 740a 2020 . You accept. \n-000057b0: 2020 2074 6865 206c 6963 656e 7365 2069 the license i\n-000057c0: 6620 796f 7520 636f 7079 2c20 6d6f 6469 f you copy, modi\n-000057d0: 6679 206f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 fy or distribute\n-000057e0: 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 2061 2077 the work in a w\n-000057f0: 6179 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7175 6972 696e ay. requirin\n-00005800: 6720 7065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2075 6e64 g permission und\n-00005810: 6572 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 206c 6177 er copyright law\n-00005820: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 224d 6f64 6966 ... A \"Modif\n-00005830: 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e22 206f 6620 ied Version\" of \n-00005840: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d 6561 the Document mea\n-00005850: 6e73 2061 6e79 2077 6f72 6b20 636f 6e74 ns any work cont\n-00005860: 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 aining the. \n-00005870: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206f 7220 6120 706f Document or a po\n-00005880: 7274 696f 6e20 6f66 2069 742c 2065 6974 rtion of it, eit\n-00005890: 6865 7220 636f 7069 6564 2076 6572 6261 her copied verba\n-000058a0: 7469 6d2c 206f 7220 7769 7468 0a20 2020 tim, or with. \n-000058b0: 2020 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 modifications \n-000058c0: 616e 642f 6f72 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 and/or translate\n-000058d0: 6420 696e 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206c d into another l\n-000058e0: 616e 6775 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 anguage... A\n-000058f0: 2022 5365 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 \"Secondary Sect\n-00005900: 696f 6e22 2069 7320 6120 6e61 6d65 6420 ion\" is a named \n-00005910: 6170 7065 6e64 6978 206f 7220 6120 6672 appendix or a fr\n-00005920: 6f6e 742d 6d61 7474 6572 2073 6563 7469 ont-matter secti\n-00005930: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6865 2044 on. of the D\n-00005940: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 7468 6174 2064 6561 ocument that dea\n-00005950: 6c73 2065 7863 6c75 7369 7665 6c79 2077 ls exclusively w\n-00005960: 6974 6820 7468 6520 7265 6c61 7469 6f6e ith the relation\n-00005970: 7368 6970 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 ship of the. \n-00005980: 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6572 7320 6f72 2061 publishers or a\n-00005990: 7574 686f 7273 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f uthors of the Do\n-000059a0: 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 446f cument to the Do\n-000059b0: 6375 6d65 6e74 2773 206f 7665 7261 6c6c cument's overall\n-000059c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 626a 6563 7420 286f . subject (o\n-000059d0: 7220 746f 2072 656c 6174 6564 206d 6174 r to related mat\n-000059e0: 7465 7273 2920 616e 6420 636f 6e74 6169 ters) and contai\n-000059f0: 6e73 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2074 6861 7420 ns nothing that \n-00005a00: 636f 756c 640a 2020 2020 2066 616c 6c20 could. fall \n-00005a10: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6869 6e20 directly within \n-00005a20: 7468 6174 206f 7665 7261 6c6c 2073 7562 that overall sub\n-00005a30: 6a65 6374 2e20 2028 5468 7573 2c20 6966 ject. (Thus, if\n-00005a40: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 740a 2020 the Document. \n-00005a50: 2020 2069 7320 696e 2070 6172 7420 6120 is in part a \n-00005a60: 7465 7874 626f 6f6b 206f 6620 6d61 7468 textbook of math\n-00005a70: 656d 6174 6963 732c 2061 2053 6563 6f6e ematics, a Secon\n-00005a80: 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 dary Section may\n-00005a90: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c 6169 not. explai\n-00005aa0: 6e20 616e 7920 6d61 7468 656d 6174 6963 n any mathematic\n-00005ab0: 732e 2920 2054 6865 2072 656c 6174 696f s.) The relatio\n-00005ac0: 6e73 6869 7020 636f 756c 6420 6265 2061 nship could be a\n-00005ad0: 206d 6174 7465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 matter of. \n-00005ae0: 6869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 2063 6f6e 6e65 historical conne\n-00005af0: 6374 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2074 6865 2073 ction with the s\n-00005b00: 7562 6a65 6374 206f 7220 7769 7468 2072 ubject or with r\n-00005b10: 656c 6174 6564 206d 6174 7465 7273 2c20 elated matters, \n-00005b20: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 206c 6567 616c or. of legal\n-00005b30: 2c20 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 2c20 7068 , commercial, ph\n-00005b40: 696c 6f73 6f70 6869 6361 6c2c 2065 7468 ilosophical, eth\n-00005b50: 6963 616c 206f 7220 706f 6c69 7469 6361 ical or politica\n-00005b60: 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 l position. \n-00005b70: 7265 6761 7264 696e 6720 7468 656d 2e0a regarding them..\n-00005b80: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 2249 6e76 6172 . The \"Invar\n-00005b90: 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7322 2061 iant Sections\" a\n-00005ba0: 7265 2063 6572 7461 696e 2053 6563 6f6e re certain Secon\n-00005bb0: 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 7768 dary Sections wh\n-00005bc0: 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 7320 ose. titles \n-00005bd0: 6172 6520 6465 7369 676e 6174 6564 2c20 are designated, \n-00005be0: 6173 2062 6569 6e67 2074 686f 7365 206f as being those o\n-00005bf0: 6620 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 f Invariant Sect\n-00005c00: 696f 6e73 2c20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ions, in the. \n-00005c10: 2020 6e6f 7469 6365 2074 6861 7420 7361 notice that sa\n-00005c20: 7973 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 446f 6375 ys that the Docu\n-00005c30: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 7265 6c65 6173 6564 ment is released\n-00005c40: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 under this Lice\n-00005c50: 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2073 nse.. If a s\n-00005c60: 6563 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 ection does not \n-00005c70: 6669 7420 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6465 fit the above de\n-00005c80: 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 5365 636f finition of Seco\n-00005c90: 6e64 6172 7920 7468 656e 2069 740a 2020 ndary then it. \n-00005ca0: 2020 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 is not allowe\n-00005cb0: 6420 746f 2062 6520 6465 7369 676e 6174 d to be designat\n-00005cc0: 6564 2061 7320 496e 7661 7269 616e 742e ed as Invariant.\n-00005cd0: 2020 5468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d The Document m\n-00005ce0: 6179 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 ay. contain \n-00005cf0: 7a65 726f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 zero Invariant S\n-00005d00: 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 ections. 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For.\n-00006570: 2020 2020 2077 6f72 6b73 2069 6e20 666f works in fo\n-00006580: 726d 6174 7320 7768 6963 6820 646f 206e rmats which do n\n-00006590: 6f74 2068 6176 6520 616e 7920 7469 746c ot have any titl\n-000065a0: 6520 7061 6765 2061 7320 7375 6368 2c20 e page as such, \n-000065b0: 2254 6974 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5061 6765 \"Title. Page\n-000065c0: 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7465 7874 \" means the text\n-000065d0: 206e 6561 7220 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2070 near the most p\n-000065e0: 726f 6d69 6e65 6e74 2061 7070 6561 7261 rominent appeara\n-000065f0: 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 nce of the. \n-00006600: 776f 726b 2773 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 7072 work's title, pr\n-00006610: 6563 6564 696e 6720 7468 6520 6265 6769 eceding the begi\n-00006620: 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f64 nning of the bod\n-00006630: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 742e 0a0a y of the text...\n-00006640: 2020 2020 2041 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2022 A section \"\n-00006650: 456e 7469 746c 6564 2058 595a 2220 6d65 Entitled XYZ\" me\n-00006660: 616e 7320 6120 6e61 6d65 6420 7375 6275 ans a named subu\n-00006670: 6e69 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d nit of the Docum\n-00006680: 656e 740a 2020 2020 2077 686f 7365 2074 ent. whose t\n-00006690: 6974 6c65 2065 6974 6865 7220 6973 2070 itle either is p\n-000066a0: 7265 6369 7365 6c79 2058 595a 206f 7220 recisely XYZ or \n-000066b0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2058 595a 2069 6e20 contains XYZ in \n-000066c0: 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 730a 2020 2020 parentheses. \n-000066d0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6578 7420 following text \n-000066e0: 7468 6174 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 7320 that translates \n-000066f0: 5859 5a20 696e 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206c XYZ in another l\n-00006700: 616e 6775 6167 652e 2020 2848 6572 6520 anguage. 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See. ... \n-00009e80: 2020 2020 4561 6368 2076 6572 7369 6f6e Each version\n-00009e90: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 of the License \n-00009ea0: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2061 2064 6973 7469 is given a disti\n-00009eb0: 6e67 7569 7368 696e 6720 7665 7273 696f nguishing versio\n-00009ec0: 6e0a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 722e 2020 n. number. \n-00009ed0: 4966 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 If the Document \n-00009ee0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6174 2061 specifies that a\n-00009ef0: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6e75 6d62 particular numb\n-00009f00: 6572 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f ered. versio\n-00009f10: 6e20 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 n of this Licens\n-00009f20: 6520 226f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 7220 e \"or any later \n-00009f30: 7665 7273 696f 6e22 2061 7070 6c69 6573 version\" applies\n-00009f40: 2074 6f20 6974 2c20 796f 750a 2020 2020 to it, you. \n-00009f50: 2068 6176 6520 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e have the option\n-00009f60: 206f 6620 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 of following th\n-00009f70: 6520 7465 726d 7320 616e 6420 636f 6e64 e terms and cond\n-00009f80: 6974 696f 6e73 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 itions either of\n-00009f90: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2073 7065 6369 . that speci\n-00009fa0: 6669 6564 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 7220 fied version or \n-00009fb0: 6f66 2061 6e79 206c 6174 6572 2076 6572 of any later ver\n-00009fc0: 7369 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 6265 sion that has be\n-00009fd0: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7075 626c 6973 6865 en. publishe\n-00009fe0: 6420 286e 6f74 2061 7320 6120 6472 6166 d (not as a draf\n-00009ff0: 7429 2062 7920 7468 6520 4672 6565 2053 t) by the Free S\n-0000a000: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 7469 oftware Foundati\n-0000a010: 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 on. If the. \n-0000a020: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 206e Document does n\n-0000a030: 6f74 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2076 6572 ot specify a ver\n-0000a040: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 sion number of t\n-0000a050: 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2079 6f75 his License, you\n-0000a060: 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6f6f 7365 may. choose\n-0000a070: 2061 6e79 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2065 7665 any version eve\n-0000a080: 7220 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 286e 6f74 r published (not\n-0000a090: 2061 7320 6120 6472 6166 7429 2062 7920 as a draft) by \n-0000a0a0: 7468 6520 4672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 536f the Free. So\n-0000a0b0: 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f ftware Foundatio\n-0000a0c0: 6e2e 0a0a 442e 312e 3120 4144 4445 4e44 n...D.1.1 ADDEND\n-0000a0d0: 554d 3a20 486f 7720 746f 2075 7365 2074 UM: How to use t\n-0000a0e0: 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 666f 7220 his License for \n-0000a0f0: 796f 7572 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7473 0a2d your documents.-\n-0000a100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00004f70: 3d3d 3d0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ===.. \n+00004f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 Versi\n+00004f90: 6f6e 2031 2e32 2c20 4e6f 7665 6d62 6572 on 1.2, November\n+00004fa0: 2032 3030 320a 0a20 2020 2020 436f 7079 2002.. Copy\n+00004fb0: 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 2032 3030 302c 3230 right .. 2000,20\n+00004fc0: 3031 2c32 3030 3220 4672 6565 2053 6f66 01,2002 Free Sof\n+00004fd0: 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e tware Foundation\n+00004fe0: 2c20 496e 632e 0a20 2020 2020 3531 2046 , Inc.. 51 F\n+00004ff0: 7261 6e6b 6c69 6e20 5374 2c20 4669 6674 ranklin St, Fift\n+00005000: 6820 466c 6f6f 722c 2042 6f73 746f 6e2c h Floor, Boston,\n+00005010: 204d 4120 2030 3231 3130 2d31 3330 312c MA 02110-1301,\n+00005020: 2055 5341 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7665 7279 USA.. Every\n+00005030: 6f6e 6520 6973 2070 6572 6d69 7474 6564 one is permitted\n+00005040: 2074 6f20 636f 7079 2061 6e64 2064 6973 to copy and dis\n+00005050: 7472 6962 7574 6520 7665 7262 6174 696d tribute verbatim\n+00005060: 2063 6f70 6965 730a 2020 2020 206f 6620 copies. of \n+00005070: 7468 6973 206c 6963 656e 7365 2064 6f63 this license doc\n+00005080: 756d 656e 742c 2062 7574 2063 6861 6e67 ument, but chang\n+00005090: 696e 6720 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c ing it is not al\n+000050a0: 6c6f 7765 642e 0a0a 2020 302e 2050 5245 lowed... 0. PRE\n+000050b0: 414d 424c 450a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 AMBLE.. The \n+000050c0: 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 purpose of this \n+000050d0: 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 2074 6f20 6d61 License is to ma\n+000050e0: 6b65 2061 206d 616e 7561 6c2c 2074 6578 ke a manual, tex\n+000050f0: 7462 6f6f 6b2c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 720a tbook, or other.\n+00005100: 2020 2020 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 functional \n+00005110: 616e 6420 7573 6566 756c 2064 6f63 756d and useful docum\n+00005120: 656e 7420 e280 9c66 7265 65e2 809d 2069 ent ...free... i\n+00005130: 6e20 7468 6520 7365 6e73 6520 6f66 2066 n the sense of f\n+00005140: 7265 6564 6f6d 3a20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 reedom: to. \n+00005150: 6173 7375 7265 2065 7665 7279 6f6e 6520 assure everyone \n+00005160: 7468 6520 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 6672 the effective fr\n+00005170: 6565 646f 6d20 746f 2063 6f70 7920 616e eedom to copy an\n+00005180: 6420 7265 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2069 d redistribute i\n+00005190: 742c 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 206f 7220 t,. with or \n+000051a0: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6d6f 6469 6679 696e without modifyin\n+000051b0: 6720 6974 2c20 6569 7468 6572 2063 6f6d g it, either com\n+000051c0: 6d65 7263 6961 6c6c 7920 6f72 0a20 2020 mercially or. \n+000051d0: 2020 6e6f 6e63 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c6c noncommerciall\n+000051e0: 792e 2020 5365 636f 6e64 6172 696c 792c y. Secondarily,\n+000051f0: 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 7072 this License pr\n+00005200: 6573 6572 7665 7320 666f 7220 7468 650a eserves for the.\n+00005210: 2020 2020 2061 7574 686f 7220 616e 6420 author and \n+00005220: 7075 626c 6973 6865 7220 6120 7761 7920 publisher a way \n+00005230: 746f 2067 6574 2063 7265 6469 7420 666f to get credit fo\n+00005240: 7220 7468 6569 7220 776f 726b 2c20 7768 r their work, wh\n+00005250: 696c 6520 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2062 6569 ile not. bei\n+00005260: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 7265 ng considered re\n+00005270: 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 6d6f sponsible for mo\n+00005280: 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 6465 difications made\n+00005290: 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 by others... \n+000052a0: 2020 5468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 This License i\n+000052b0: 7320 6120 6b69 6e64 206f 6620 2263 6f70 s a kind of \"cop\n+000052c0: 796c 6566 7422 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d65 yleft\", which me\n+000052d0: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2064 6572 6976 6174 ans that derivat\n+000052e0: 6976 650a 2020 2020 2077 6f72 6b73 206f ive. works o\n+000052f0: 6620 7468 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d f the document m\n+00005300: 7573 7420 7468 656d 7365 6c76 6573 2062 ust themselves b\n+00005310: 6520 6672 6565 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 e free in the sa\n+00005320: 6d65 2073 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 me sense.. I\n+00005330: 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 7320 7468 t complements th\n+00005340: 6520 474e 5520 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 5075 e GNU General Pu\n+00005350: 626c 6963 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 7768 blic License, wh\n+00005360: 6963 6820 6973 2061 2063 6f70 796c 6566 ich is a copylef\n+00005370: 740a 2020 2020 206c 6963 656e 7365 2064 t. license d\n+00005380: 6573 6967 6e65 6420 666f 7220 6672 6565 esigned for free\n+00005390: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 software... \n+000053a0: 2057 6520 6861 7665 2064 6573 6967 6e65 We have designe\n+000053b0: 6420 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 d this License i\n+000053c0: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2075 7365 2069 n order to use i\n+000053d0: 7420 666f 7220 6d61 6e75 616c 7320 666f t for manuals fo\n+000053e0: 720a 2020 2020 2066 7265 6520 736f 6674 r. free soft\n+000053f0: 7761 7265 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 6672 ware, because fr\n+00005400: 6565 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 6e65 6564 ee software need\n+00005410: 7320 6672 6565 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 s free documenta\n+00005420: 7469 6f6e 3a20 610a 2020 2020 2066 7265 tion: a. fre\n+00005430: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 7368 6f75 6c64 e program should\n+00005440: 2063 6f6d 6520 7769 7468 206d 616e 7561 come with manua\n+00005450: 6c73 2070 726f 7669 6469 6e67 2074 6865 ls providing the\n+00005460: 2073 616d 6520 6672 6565 646f 6d73 0a20 same freedoms. \n+00005470: 2020 2020 7468 6174 2074 6865 2073 6f66 that the sof\n+00005480: 7477 6172 6520 646f 6573 2e20 2042 7574 tware does. But\n+00005490: 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 this License is\n+000054a0: 206e 6f74 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f0a not limited to.\n+000054b0: 2020 2020 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 6d61 software ma\n+000054c0: 6e75 616c 733b 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 nuals; it can be\n+000054d0: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 616e 7920 7465 used for any te\n+000054e0: 7874 7561 6c20 776f 726b 2c20 7265 6761 xtual work, rega\n+000054f0: 7264 6c65 7373 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2073 rdless. of s\n+00005500: 7562 6a65 6374 206d 6174 7465 7220 6f72 ubject matter or\n+00005510: 2077 6865 7468 6572 2069 7420 6973 2070 whether it is p\n+00005520: 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2061 7320 6120 7072 ublished as a pr\n+00005530: 696e 7465 6420 626f 6f6b 2e20 2057 650a inted book. We.\n+00005540: 2020 2020 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 recommend t\n+00005550: 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 7072 696e his License prin\n+00005560: 6369 7061 6c6c 7920 666f 7220 776f 726b cipally for work\n+00005570: 7320 7768 6f73 6520 7075 7270 6f73 6520 s whose purpose \n+00005580: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 7275 6374 is. instruct\n+00005590: 696f 6e20 6f72 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 ion or reference\n+000055a0: 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 4150 504c 4943 4142 ... 1. APPLICAB\n+000055b0: 494c 4954 5920 414e 4420 4445 4649 4e49 ILITY AND DEFINI\n+000055c0: 5449 4f4e 530a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 TIONS.. This\n+000055d0: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2061 7070 6c69 6573 License applies\n+000055e0: 2074 6f20 616e 7920 6d61 6e75 616c 206f to any manual o\n+000055f0: 7220 6f74 6865 7220 776f 726b 2c20 696e r other work, in\n+00005600: 2061 6e79 206d 6564 6975 6d2c 0a20 2020 any medium,. \n+00005610: 2020 7468 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 that contains \n+00005620: 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 2070 6c61 6365 6420 a notice placed \n+00005630: 6279 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 by the copyright\n+00005640: 2068 6f6c 6465 7220 7361 7969 6e67 2069 holder saying i\n+00005650: 7420 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6520 6469 t can. be di\n+00005660: 7374 7269 6275 7465 6420 756e 6465 7220 stributed under \n+00005670: 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2074 6869 the terms of thi\n+00005680: 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 2020 5375 6368 s License. Such\n+00005690: 2061 206e 6f74 6963 650a 2020 2020 2067 a notice. g\n+000056a0: 7261 6e74 7320 6120 776f 726c 642d 7769 rants a world-wi\n+000056b0: 6465 2c20 726f 7961 6c74 792d 6672 6565 de, royalty-free\n+000056c0: 206c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 756e 6c69 6d69 license, unlimi\n+000056d0: 7465 6420 696e 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e2c ted in duration,\n+000056e0: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2075 7365 2074 6861 . to use tha\n+000056f0: 7420 776f 726b 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 t work under the\n+00005700: 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6174 conditions stat\n+00005710: 6564 2068 6572 6569 6e2e 2020 5468 650a ed herein. The.\n+00005720: 2020 2020 2022 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 222c \"Document\",\n+00005730: 2062 656c 6f77 2c20 7265 6665 7273 2074 below, refers t\n+00005740: 6f20 616e 7920 7375 6368 206d 616e 7561 o any such manua\n+00005750: 6c20 6f72 2077 6f72 6b2e 2020 416e 7920 l or work. Any \n+00005760: 6d65 6d62 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 member. of t\n+00005770: 6865 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6973 2061 206c he public is a l\n+00005780: 6963 656e 7365 652c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 icensee, and is \n+00005790: 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 6173 2022 796f addressed as \"yo\n+000057a0: 7522 2e20 2059 6f75 2061 6363 6570 740a u\". You accept.\n+000057b0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6963 656e 7365 the license\n+000057c0: 2069 6620 796f 7520 636f 7079 2c20 6d6f if you copy, mo\n+000057d0: 6469 6679 206f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 dify or distribu\n+000057e0: 7465 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 2061 te the work in a\n+000057f0: 2077 6179 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7175 6972 way. requir\n+00005800: 696e 6720 7065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2075 ing permission u\n+00005810: 6e64 6572 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 206c nder copyright l\n+00005820: 6177 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 224d 6f64 aw... A \"Mod\n+00005830: 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e22 206f ified Version\" o\n+00005840: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d f the Document m\n+00005850: 6561 6e73 2061 6e79 2077 6f72 6b20 636f eans any work co\n+00005860: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ntaining the. \n+00005870: 2020 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206f 7220 6120 Document or a \n+00005880: 706f 7274 696f 6e20 6f66 2069 742c 2065 portion of it, e\n+00005890: 6974 6865 7220 636f 7069 6564 2076 6572 ither copied ver\n+000058a0: 6261 7469 6d2c 206f 7220 7769 7468 0a20 batim, or with. \n+000058b0: 2020 2020 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e modification\n+000058c0: 7320 616e 642f 6f72 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 s and/or transla\n+000058d0: 7465 6420 696e 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 ted into another\n+000058e0: 206c 616e 6775 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 language... \n+000058f0: 2041 2022 5365 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 A \"Secondary Se\n+00005900: 6374 696f 6e22 2069 7320 6120 6e61 6d65 ction\" is a name\n+00005910: 6420 6170 7065 6e64 6978 206f 7220 6120 d appendix or a \n+00005920: 6672 6f6e 742d 6d61 7474 6572 2073 6563 front-matter sec\n+00005930: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6865 tion. of the\n+00005940: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 7468 6174 2064 Document that d\n+00005950: 6561 6c73 2065 7863 6c75 7369 7665 6c79 eals exclusively\n+00005960: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7265 6c61 7469 with the relati\n+00005970: 6f6e 7368 6970 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 onship of the. \n+00005980: 2020 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6572 7320 6f72 publishers or\n+00005990: 2061 7574 686f 7273 206f 6620 7468 6520 authors of the \n+000059a0: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 Document to the \n+000059b0: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2773 206f 7665 7261 Document's overa\n+000059c0: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 7375 626a 6563 7420 ll. subject \n+000059d0: 286f 7220 746f 2072 656c 6174 6564 206d (or to related m\n+000059e0: 6174 7465 7273 2920 616e 6420 636f 6e74 atters) and cont\n+000059f0: 6169 6e73 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2074 6861 ains nothing tha\n+00005a00: 7420 636f 756c 640a 2020 2020 2066 616c t could. fal\n+00005a10: 6c20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6869 l directly withi\n+00005a20: 6e20 7468 6174 206f 7665 7261 6c6c 2073 n that overall s\n+00005a30: 7562 6a65 6374 2e20 2028 5468 7573 2c20 ubject. (Thus, \n+00005a40: 6966 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 740a if the Document.\n+00005a50: 2020 2020 2069 7320 696e 2070 6172 7420 is in part \n+00005a60: 6120 7465 7874 626f 6f6b 206f 6620 6d61 a textbook of ma\n+00005a70: 7468 656d 6174 6963 732c 2061 2053 6563 thematics, a Sec\n+00005a80: 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 206d ondary Section m\n+00005a90: 6179 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c ay not. expl\n+00005aa0: 6169 6e20 616e 7920 6d61 7468 656d 6174 ain any mathemat\n+00005ab0: 6963 732e 2920 2054 6865 2072 656c 6174 ics.) The relat\n+00005ac0: 696f 6e73 6869 7020 636f 756c 6420 6265 ionship could be\n+00005ad0: 2061 206d 6174 7465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 a matter of. \n+00005ae0: 2020 6869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 2063 6f6e historical con\n+00005af0: 6e65 6374 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2074 6865 nection with the\n+00005b00: 2073 7562 6a65 6374 206f 7220 7769 7468 subject or with\n+00005b10: 2072 656c 6174 6564 206d 6174 7465 7273 related matters\n+00005b20: 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 206c 6567 , or. of leg\n+00005b30: 616c 2c20 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 2c20 al, commercial, \n+00005b40: 7068 696c 6f73 6f70 6869 6361 6c2c 2065 philosophical, e\n+00005b50: 7468 6963 616c 206f 7220 706f 6c69 7469 thical or politi\n+00005b60: 6361 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 cal position. \n+00005b70: 2020 7265 6761 7264 696e 6720 7468 656d regarding them\n+00005b80: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 2249 6e76 ... The \"Inv\n+00005b90: 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7322 ariant Sections\"\n+00005ba0: 2061 7265 2063 6572 7461 696e 2053 6563 are certain Sec\n+00005bb0: 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 ondary Sections \n+00005bc0: 7768 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 whose. title\n+00005bd0: 7320 6172 6520 6465 7369 676e 6174 6564 s are designated\n+00005be0: 2c20 6173 2062 6569 6e67 2074 686f 7365 , as being those\n+00005bf0: 206f 6620 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 of Invariant Se\n+00005c00: 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 ctions, in the. \n+00005c10: 2020 2020 6e6f 7469 6365 2074 6861 7420 notice that \n+00005c20: 7361 7973 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 446f says that the Do\n+00005c30: 6375 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 7265 6c65 6173 cument is releas\n+00005c40: 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6869 7320 4c69 ed under this Li\n+00005c50: 6365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 cense.. 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The \"Title\n+000064b0: 2050 6167 6522 206d 6561 6e73 2c20 666f Page\" means, fo\n+000064c0: 7220 6120 7072 696e 7465 6420 626f 6f6b r a printed book\n+000064d0: 2c20 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 7061 6765 , the title page\n+000064e0: 2069 7473 656c 662c 0a20 2020 2020 706c itself,. pl\n+000064f0: 7573 2073 7563 6820 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e us such followin\n+00006500: 6720 7061 6765 7320 6173 2061 7265 206e g pages as are n\n+00006510: 6565 6465 6420 746f 2068 6f6c 642c 206c eeded to hold, l\n+00006520: 6567 6962 6c79 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 egibly, the. \n+00006530: 206d 6174 6572 6961 6c20 7468 6973 204c material this L\n+00006540: 6963 656e 7365 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 icense requires \n+00006550: 746f 2061 7070 6561 7220 696e 2074 6865 to appear in the\n+00006560: 2074 6974 6c65 2070 6167 652e 2020 466f title page. Fo\n+00006570: 720a 2020 2020 2077 6f72 6b73 2069 6e20 r. works in \n+00006580: 666f 726d 6174 7320 7768 6963 6820 646f formats which do\n+00006590: 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 616e 7920 7469 not have any ti\n+000065a0: 746c 6520 7061 6765 2061 7320 7375 6368 tle page as such\n+000065b0: 2c20 2254 6974 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5061 , \"Title. Pa\n+000065c0: 6765 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7465 ge\" means the te\n+000065d0: 7874 206e 6561 7220 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 xt near the most\n+000065e0: 2070 726f 6d69 6e65 6e74 2061 7070 6561 prominent appea\n+000065f0: 7261 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 rance of the. \n+00006600: 2020 776f 726b 2773 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 work's title, \n+00006610: 7072 6563 6564 696e 6720 7468 6520 6265 preceding the be\n+00006620: 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2062 ginning of the b\n+00006630: 6f64 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 742e ody of the text.\n+00006640: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2073 6563 7469 6f6e .. 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List on the\n+000078e0: 2054 6974 6c65 2050 6167 652c 2061 7320 Title Page, as \n+000078f0: 6175 7468 6f72 732c 206f 6e65 206f 7220 authors, one or \n+00007900: 6d6f 7265 2070 6572 736f 6e73 206f 720a more persons or.\n+00007910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 656e 7469 7469 entiti\n+00007920: 6573 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 es responsible f\n+00007930: 6f72 2061 7574 686f 7273 6869 7020 6f66 or authorship of\n+00007940: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f the modificatio\n+00007950: 6e73 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ns in. \n+00007960: 7468 6520 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 the Modified Ver\n+00007970: 7369 6f6e 2c20 746f 6765 7468 6572 2077 sion, together w\n+00007980: 6974 6820 6174 206c 6561 7374 2066 6976 ith at least fiv\n+00007990: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e of the. \n+000079a0: 2020 2070 7269 6e63 6970 616c 2061 7574 principal aut\n+000079b0: 686f 7273 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 hors of the Docu\n+000079c0: 6d65 6e74 2028 616c 6c20 6f66 2069 7473 ment (all of its\n+000079d0: 2070 7269 6e63 6970 616c 0a20 2020 2020 principal. \n+000079e0: 2020 2020 2061 7574 686f 7273 2c20 6966 authors, if\n+000079f0: 2069 7420 6861 7320 6665 7765 7220 7468 it has fewer th\n+00007a00: 616e 2066 6976 6529 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 an five), unless\n+00007a10: 2074 6865 7920 7265 6c65 6173 6520 796f they release yo\n+00007a20: 750a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 6f6d u. from\n+00007a30: 2074 6869 7320 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e this requiremen\n+00007a40: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2043 2e20 5374 t... 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Preserve \n+00007c70: 696e 2074 6861 7420 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 in that license \n+00007c80: 6e6f 7469 6365 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 notice the full \n+00007c90: 6c69 7374 7320 6f66 2049 6e76 6172 6961 lists of Invaria\n+00007ca0: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6563 nt. Sec\n+00007cb0: 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 7265 7175 6972 tions and requir\n+00007cc0: 6564 2043 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7473 2067 ed Cover Texts g\n+00007cd0: 6976 656e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 446f 6375 iven in the Docu\n+00007ce0: 6d65 6e74 2773 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ment's. \n+00007cf0: 206c 6963 656e 7365 206e 6f74 6963 652e license notice.\n+00007d00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2048 2e20 496e 636c .. H. Incl\n+00007d10: 7564 6520 616e 2075 6e61 6c74 6572 6564 ude an unaltered\n+00007d20: 2063 6f70 7920 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 copy of this Li\n+00007d30: 6365 6e73 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2049 cense... I\n+00007d40: 2e20 5072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 . Preserve the s\n+00007d50: 6563 7469 6f6e 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 ection Entitled \n+00007d60: 2248 6973 746f 7279 222c 2050 7265 7365 \"History\", Prese\n+00007d70: 7276 6520 6974 7320 5469 746c 652c 0a20 rve its Title,. \n+00007d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2061 6464 and add\n+00007d90: 2074 6f20 6974 2061 6e20 6974 656d 2073 to it an item s\n+00007da0: 7461 7469 6e67 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 tating at least \n+00007db0: 7468 6520 7469 746c 652c 2079 6561 722c the title, year,\n+00007dc0: 206e 6577 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 new. a\n+00007dd0: 7574 686f 7273 2c20 616e 6420 7075 626c uthors, and publ\n+00007de0: 6973 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 204d 6f64 isher of the Mod\n+00007df0: 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e20 6173 ified Version as\n+00007e00: 2067 6976 656e 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 given on the. \n+00007e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5469 746c 6520 5061 Title Pa\n+00007e20: 6765 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 ge. 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You\n+00008080: 206d 6179 206f 6d69 7420 6120 6e65 7477 may omit a netw\n+00008090: 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 ork location for\n+000080a0: 2061 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 a work. \n+000080b0: 2020 7468 6174 2077 6173 2070 7562 6c69 that was publi\n+000080c0: 7368 6564 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 666f shed at least fo\n+000080d0: 7572 2079 6561 7273 2062 6566 6f72 6520 ur years before \n+000080e0: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 the Document. \n+000080f0: 2020 2020 2020 2069 7473 656c 662c 206f itself, o\n+00008100: 7220 6966 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 r if the origina\n+00008110: 6c20 7075 626c 6973 6865 7220 6f66 2074 l publisher of t\n+00008120: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 7420 7265 he version it re\n+00008130: 6665 7273 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 fers. t\n+00008140: 6f20 6769 7665 7320 7065 726d 6973 7369 o gives permissi\n+00008150: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4b2e 2046 on... K. 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M.\n+00008340: 2044 656c 6574 6520 616e 7920 7365 6374 Delete any sect\n+00008350: 696f 6e20 456e 7469 746c 6564 2022 456e ion Entitled \"En\n+00008360: 646f 7273 656d 656e 7473 222e 2020 5375 dorsements\". Su\n+00008370: 6368 2061 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 ch a section. \n+00008380: 2020 2020 2020 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 may not b\n+00008390: 6520 696e 636c 7564 6564 2069 6e20 7468 e included in th\n+000083a0: 6520 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 e Modified Versi\n+000083b0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4e2e 2044 on... N. 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If \n+00008480: 7468 6520 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 the Modified Ver\n+00008490: 7369 6f6e 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 7320 6e65 sion includes ne\n+000084a0: 7720 6672 6f6e 742d 6d61 7474 6572 2073 w front-matter s\n+000084b0: 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 ections or. \n+000084c0: 6170 7065 6e64 6963 6573 2074 6861 7420 appendices that \n+000084d0: 7175 616c 6966 7920 6173 2053 6563 6f6e qualify as Secon\n+000084e0: 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 616e dary Sections an\n+000084f0: 6420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6e6f 0a20 2020 d contain no. \n+00008500: 2020 6d61 7465 7269 616c 2063 6f70 6965 material copie\n+00008510: 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d d from the Docum\n+00008520: 656e 742c 2079 6f75 206d 6179 2061 7420 ent, you may at \n+00008530: 796f 7572 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6465 7369 your option desi\n+00008540: 676e 6174 650a 2020 2020 2073 6f6d 6520 gnate. some \n+00008550: 6f72 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 or all of these \n+00008560: 7365 6374 696f 6e73 2061 7320 696e 7661 sections as inva\n+00008570: 7269 616e 742e 2020 546f 2064 6f20 7468 riant. 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(lin\n+0000a990: 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 6c65 6172 3a20 2020 e 6).* clear: \n 0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636c 6561 clea\n-0000a9c0: 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n-0000a9d0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 434d (line 6).* CM\n-0000a9e0: 4f53 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 OS: \n+0000a9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636c cl\n+0000a9c0: 6561 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ear. \n+0000a9d0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000a9e0: 434d 4f53 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 CMOS: \n 0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa00: 2020 2020 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702e 2020 cmosdump. \n-0000aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000aa20: 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e e 6).* cmosclean\n-0000aa30: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636d cm\n-0000aa50: 6f73 636c 6561 6e2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 osclean. \n-0000aa60: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000aa70: 636d 6f73 7465 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 cmostest: \n+0000aa00: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702e cmosdump.\n+0000aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000aa20: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 ine 6).* cmoscle\n+0000aa30: 616e 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 an: \n+0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000aa50: 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2e 2020 2020 2020 cmosclean. \n+0000aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000aa70: 2a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 3a20 2020 2020 * cmostest: \n 0000aa80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742e cmostest.\n-0000aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000aab0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 6d70 3a20 2020 ine 6).* cmp: \n+0000aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 cmostes\n+0000aaa0: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n+0000aab0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 6d70 3a20 (line 6).* cmp: \n 0000aac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aae0: 636d 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cmp. \n-0000aaf0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000ab00: 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a20 2020 * configfile: \n+0000aae0: 2020 636d 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cmp. \n+0000aaf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000ab00: 290a 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a20 ).* configfile: \n 0000ab10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 configf\n-0000ab30: 696c 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ile. \n-0000ab40: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 7075 6964 (line 6).* cpuid\n-0000ab50: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 confi\n+0000ab30: 6766 696c 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gfile. \n+0000ab40: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 7075 (line 6).* cpu\n+0000ab50: 6964 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id: \n 0000ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ab70: 2020 6370 7569 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 cpuid. \n-0000ab80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000ab90: 290a 2a20 6372 633a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).* crc: \n+0000ab70: 2020 2020 6370 7569 642e 2020 2020 2020 cpuid. \n+0000ab80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000ab90: 2036 290a 2a20 6372 633a 2020 2020 2020 6).* crc: \n 0000aba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7263 2e20 crc. \n-0000abc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000abd0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 7279 (line 6).* cry\n-0000abe0: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ptomount: \n+0000abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7263 crc\n+0000abc0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000abd0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 (line 6).* c\n+0000abe0: 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2020 2020 ryptomount: \n 0000abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac00: 2020 2020 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742e cryptomount.\n-0000ac10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000ac20: 2036 290a 2a20 6375 746d 656d 3a20 2020 6).* cutmem: \n+0000ac00: 2020 2020 2020 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e cryptomoun\n+0000ac10: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 t. (li\n+0000ac20: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6375 746d 656d 3a20 ne 6).* cutmem: \n 0000ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7574 cut\n-0000ac50: 6d65 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mem. \n-0000ac60: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 (line 6).* d\n-0000ac70: 6174 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ate: \n+0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+0000ac50: 7574 6d65 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 utmem. \n+0000ac60: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000ac70: 2064 6174 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 date: \n 0000ac80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac90: 2020 2020 2020 6461 7465 2e20 2020 2020 date. \n-0000aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000acb0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 ne 6).* devicetr\n-0000acc0: 6565 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ee: \n-0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n-0000ace0: 6576 6963 6574 7265 652e 2020 2020 2020 evicetree. \n-0000acf0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000ad00: 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 2020 distrust: \n+0000ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6461 7465 2e20 2020 date. \n+0000aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000acb0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6465 7669 6365 line 6).* device\n+0000acc0: 7472 6565 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tree: \n+0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000ace0: 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652e 2020 2020 devicetree. \n+0000acf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000ad00: 0a2a 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 .* distrust: \n 0000ad10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6469 7374 7275 7374 distrust\n-0000ad30: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 . (\n-0000ad40: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6472 6976 656d line 6).* drivem\n-0000ad50: 6170 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ap: \n+0000ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6469 7374 7275 distru\n+0000ad30: 7374 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 st. \n+0000ad40: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6472 6976 (line 6).* driv\n+0000ad50: 656d 6170 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 emap: \n 0000ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad70: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702e 2020 2020 2020 drivemap. \n-0000ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000ad90: 0a2a 2065 6368 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* echo: \n+0000ad70: 2020 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702e 2020 2020 drivemap. \n+0000ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000ad90: 3629 0a2a 2065 6368 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 6).* echo: \n 0000ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f 2e20 echo. \n-0000adc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000add0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6566 6974 (line 6).* efit\n-0000ade0: 6578 746d 6f64 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 extmode: \n+0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f echo\n+0000adc0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000add0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6566 (line 6).* ef\n+0000ade0: 6974 6578 746d 6f64 653a 2020 2020 2020 itextmode: \n 0000adf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae00: 2020 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2e20 efitextmode. \n-0000ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000ae20: 3629 0a2a 2065 7661 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 6).* eval: \n+0000ae00: 2020 2020 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 efitextmode\n+0000ae10: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e . (lin\n+0000ae20: 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 7661 6c3a 2020 2020 e 6).* eval: \n 0000ae30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6576 616c eval\n-0000ae50: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000ae60: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6578 (line 6).* ex\n-0000ae70: 706f 7274 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 port: \n+0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6576 ev\n+0000ae50: 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al. \n+0000ae60: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000ae70: 6578 706f 7274 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 export: \n 0000ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae90: 2020 2020 2065 7870 6f72 742e 2020 2020 export. \n-0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000aeb0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2066 616c 7365 3a20 2020 e 6).* false: \n+0000ae90: 2020 2020 2020 2065 7870 6f72 742e 2020 export. \n+0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000aeb0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2066 616c 7365 3a20 ine 6).* false: \n 0000aec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6661 fa\n-0000aee0: 6c73 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lse. \n-0000aef0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000af00: 4644 4c2c 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f FDL, GNU Free Do\n-0000af10: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 cumentation Lice\n-0000af20: 6e73 653a 2020 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 nse: GNU Free \n-0000af30: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 Documentation Li\n-0000af40: 6365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cense.. \n+0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000aee0: 6661 6c73 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 false. \n+0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000af00: 2a20 4644 4c2c 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 * FDL, GNU Free \n+0000af10: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 Documentation Li\n+0000af20: 6365 6e73 653a 2020 2047 4e55 2046 7265 cense: GNU Fre\n+0000af30: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 e Documentation \n+0000af40: 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 License.. \n 0000af50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000af80: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000af90: 2a20 6677 7365 7475 703a 2020 2020 2020 * fwsetup: \n+0000af80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000af90: 290a 2a20 6677 7365 7475 703a 2020 2020 ).* fwsetup: \n 0000afa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 7773 6574 7570 fwsetup\n-0000afc0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000afd0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 6462 696e (line 6).* gdbin\n-0000afe0: 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fo: \n+0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 7773 6574 fwset\n+0000afc0: 7570 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up. \n+0000afd0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 6462 (line 6).* gdb\n+0000afe0: 696e 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 info: \n 0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b000: 2020 6764 6269 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 gdbinfo. \n-0000b010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b020: 290a 2a20 6765 7474 6578 743a 2020 2020 ).* gettext: \n+0000b000: 2020 2020 6764 6269 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 gdbinfo. \n+0000b010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000b020: 2036 290a 2a20 6765 7474 6578 743a 2020 6).* gettext: \n 0000b030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6574 7465 gette\n-0000b050: 7874 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xt. \n-0000b060: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 7074 (line 6).* gpt\n-0000b070: 7379 6e63 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sync: \n+0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6574 get\n+0000b050: 7465 7874 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 text. \n+0000b060: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 (line 6).* g\n+0000b070: 7074 7379 6e63 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ptsync: \n 0000b080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b090: 2020 2020 6770 7473 796e 632e 2020 2020 gptsync. \n-0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b0b0: 2036 290a 2a20 6861 6c74 3a20 2020 2020 6).* halt: \n+0000b090: 2020 2020 2020 6770 7473 796e 632e 2020 gptsync. \n+0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000b0b0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6861 6c74 3a20 2020 ne 6).* halt: \n 0000b0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 616c hal\n-0000b0e0: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n-0000b0f0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 (line 6).* h\n-0000b100: 6173 6873 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ashsum: \n+0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 h\n+0000b0e0: 616c 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alt. \n+0000b0f0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b100: 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 hashsum: \n 0000b110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b120: 2020 2020 2020 6861 7368 7375 6d2e 2020 hashsum. \n-0000b130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000b140: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6865 6c70 3a20 2020 ne 6).* help: \n+0000b120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6861 7368 7375 6d2e hashsum.\n+0000b130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000b140: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6865 6c70 3a20 line 6).* help: \n 0000b150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 h\n-0000b170: 656c 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 elp. \n-0000b180: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b190: 2068 6578 6475 6d70 3a20 2020 2020 2020 hexdump: \n+0000b160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b170: 2068 656c 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 help. \n+0000b180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b190: 0a2a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 3a20 2020 2020 .* hexdump: \n 0000b1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b1b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 7864 756d 702e hexdump.\n-0000b1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000b1d0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 line 6).* initrd\n-0000b1e0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000b1b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 7864 756d hexdum\n+0000b1c0: 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p. \n+0000b1d0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 696e 6974 (line 6).* init\n+0000b1e0: 7264 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rd: \n 0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b200: 2069 6e69 7472 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 initrd. \n-0000b210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000b220: 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 2020 2020 .* initrd16: \n+0000b200: 2020 2069 6e69 7472 642e 2020 2020 2020 initrd. \n+0000b210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000b220: 3629 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 2020 6).* initrd16: \n 0000b230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 initrd\n-0000b250: 3136 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 16. \n-0000b260: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 696e 736d (line 6).* insm\n-0000b270: 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 od: \n+0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 init\n+0000b250: 7264 3136 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rd16. \n+0000b260: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 696e (line 6).* in\n+0000b270: 736d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 smod: \n 0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b290: 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 2020 insmod. \n-0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000b2b0: 3629 0a2a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 3a20 6).* keystatus: \n-0000b2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b65 7973 keys\n-0000b2e0: 7461 7475 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tatus. \n-0000b2f0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 (line 6).* li\n-0000b300: 6e75 783a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nux: \n+0000b290: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 insmod. \n+0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000b2b0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 e 6).* keystatus\n+0000b2c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000b2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b65 ke\n+0000b2e0: 7973 7461 7475 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 ystatus. \n+0000b2f0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000b300: 6c69 6e75 783a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 linux: \n 0000b310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b320: 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 2e20 2020 2020 linux. \n-0000b330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000b340: 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a20 e 6).* linux16: \n-0000b350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 li\n-0000b370: 6e75 7831 362e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nux16. \n-0000b380: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b390: 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 2020 list_env: \n+0000b320: 2020 2020 2020 206c 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0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b400: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2e20 2020 list_trusted. \n-0000b410: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000b420: 2a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 * load_env: \n+0000b400: 2020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2e20 list_trusted. \n+0000b410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000b420: 290a 2a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 ).* load_env: \n 0000b430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f61 645f 656e load_en\n-0000b450: 762e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 v. \n-0000b460: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 6f61 6466 (line 6).* loadf\n-0000b470: 6f6e 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ont: \n+0000b440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f61 645f load_\n+0000b450: 656e 762e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 env. \n+0000b460: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 6f61 (line 6).* loa\n+0000b470: 6466 6f6e 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dfont: \n 0000b480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b490: 2020 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 loadfont. \n-0000b4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b4b0: 290a 2a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a20 2020 ).* loopback: \n+0000b490: 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2e20 2020 loadfont. \n+0000b4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000b4b0: 2036 290a 2a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a20 6).* loopback: \n 0000b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 loopb\n-0000b4e0: 6163 6b2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ack. \n-0000b4f0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 733a (line 6).* ls:\n-0000b500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f loo\n+0000b4e0: 7062 6163 6b2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pback. \n+0000b4f0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c (line 6).* l\n+0000b500: 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s: \n 0000b510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b520: 2020 2020 6c73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls. \n-0000b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b540: 2036 290a 2a20 6c73 666f 6e74 733a 2020 6).* lsfonts: \n+0000b520: 2020 2020 2020 6c73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 ls. \n+0000b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000b540: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c73 666f 6e74 733a ne 6).* lsfonts:\n 0000b550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 7366 lsf\n-0000b570: 6f6e 7473 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 onts. \n-0000b580: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c (line 6).* l\n-0000b590: 736d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 smod: \n+0000b560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n+0000b570: 7366 6f6e 7473 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sfonts. \n+0000b580: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b590: 206c 736d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lsmod: \n 0000b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b5b0: 2020 2020 2020 6c73 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 lsmod. \n-0000b5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000b5d0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6d64 3573 756d 3a20 ne 6).* md5sum: \n-0000b5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d m\n-0000b600: 6435 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d5sum. \n-0000b610: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b620: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a20 2020 2020 menuentry: \n+0000b5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c73 6d6f 642e 2020 lsmod. \n+0000b5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000b5d0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6d64 3573 756d line 6).* md5sum\n+0000b5e0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000b5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b600: 206d 6435 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 md5sum. \n+0000b610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b620: 0a2a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a20 2020 .* menuentry: \n 0000b630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 menuentr\n-0000b650: 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 y. (\n-0000b660: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 line 6).* module\n-0000b670: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000b640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e menuen\n+0000b650: 7472 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 try. \n+0000b660: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6d6f 6475 (line 6).* modu\n+0000b670: 6c65 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le: \n 0000b680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b690: 206d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 module. \n-0000b6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000b6b0: 0a2a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3a20 2020 .* multiboot: \n+0000b690: 2020 206d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 2020 2020 module. \n+0000b6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000b6b0: 3629 0a2a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3a20 6).* multiboot: \n 0000b6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 multib\n-0000b6e0: 6f6f 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot. \n-0000b6f0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e61 7469 (line 6).* nati\n-0000b700: 7665 6469 736b 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 vedisk: \n+0000b6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 mult\n+0000b6e0: 6962 6f6f 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot. \n+0000b6f0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e61 (line 6).* na\n+0000b700: 7469 7665 6469 736b 3a20 2020 2020 2020 tivedisk: \n 0000b710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b720: 2020 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2e 2020 nativedisk. \n-0000b730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000b740: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 6).* net_add_add\n-0000b750: 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r: \n-0000b760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f net_\n-0000b770: 6164 645f 6164 6472 2e20 2020 2020 2020 add_addr. \n-0000b780: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 (line 6).* ne\n-0000b790: 745f 6164 645f 646e 733a 2020 2020 2020 t_add_dns: \n+0000b720: 2020 2020 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2e nativedisk.\n+0000b730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000b740: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 e 6).* net_add_a\n+0000b750: 6464 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ddr: \n+0000b760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n+0000b770: 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 2e20 2020 2020 t_add_addr. \n+0000b780: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000b790: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 733a 2020 2020 net_add_dns: \n 0000b7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b7b0: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 net_add_dns\n-0000b7c0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e . (lin\n-0000b7d0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 e 6).* net_add_r\n-0000b7e0: 6f75 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oute: \n-0000b7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n-0000b800: 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652e 2020 2020 t_add_route. \n-0000b810: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b820: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 703a 2020 2020 2020 net_bootp: \n+0000b7b0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 net_add_d\n+0000b7c0: 6e73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c ns. (l\n+0000b7d0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 ine 6).* net_add\n+0000b7e0: 5f72 6f75 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _route: \n+0000b7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b800: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652e 2020 net_add_route. \n+0000b810: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000b820: 2a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 703a 2020 2020 * net_bootp: \n 0000b830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b840: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 net_bootp\n-0000b850: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c . (l\n-0000b860: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c ine 6).* net_del\n-0000b870: 5f61 6464 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _addr: \n+0000b840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f net_boo\n+0000b850: 7470 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tp. \n+0000b860: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 (line 6).* net_d\n+0000b870: 656c 5f61 6464 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 el_addr: \n 0000b880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b890: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2e20 2020 net_del_addr. \n-0000b8a0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000b8b0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 733a 2020 * net_del_dns: \n+0000b890: 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2e20 net_del_addr. \n+0000b8a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000b8b0: 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 733a ).* net_del_dns:\n 0000b8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 656c net_del\n-0000b8e0: 5f64 6e73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _dns. \n-0000b8f0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 (line 6).* net_d\n-0000b900: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 el_route: \n+0000b8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 net_d\n+0000b8e0: 656c 5f64 6e73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 el_dns. \n+0000b8f0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 (line 6).* net\n+0000b900: 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a20 2020 2020 _del_route: \n 0000b910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b920: 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652e net_del_route.\n-0000b930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b940: 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a20 2020 ).* net_dhcp: \n+0000b920: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 net_del_rout\n+0000b930: 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 e. (line\n+0000b940: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a20 6).* net_dhcp: \n 0000b950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 net_d\n-0000b970: 6863 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hcp. \n-0000b980: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 (line 6).* net\n-0000b990: 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e _get_dhcp_option\n-0000b9a0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0000b9b0: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 net_get_dhcp\n-0000b9c0: 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 _option. 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(li\n+0000b9d0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 ne 6).* net_ipv6\n+0000b9e0: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 663a 2020 2020 2020 _autoconf: \n+0000b9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+0000ba00: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n+0000ba10: 2e20 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a . (line 6).*\n+0000ba20: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 3a20 2020 net_ls_addr: \n 0000ba30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ba40: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 net_ls_add\n-0000ba50: 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 r. (li\n-0000ba60: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 ne 6).* net_ls_c\n-0000ba70: 6172 6473 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ards: \n-0000ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-0000ba90: 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732e 2020 2020 et_ls_cards. \n-0000baa0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000bab0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 2020 2020 net_ls_dns: \n+0000ba40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 net_ls_a\n+0000ba50: 6464 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 ddr. (\n+0000ba60: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 line 6).* net_ls\n+0000ba70: 5f63 6172 6473 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _cards: \n+0000ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000ba90: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732e 2020 net_ls_cards. \n+0000baa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000bab0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 2020 .* net_ls_dns: \n 0000bac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 net_ls_d\n-0000bae0: 6e73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 ns. 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(line \n+0000bb40: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 6).* net_nslooku\n+0000bb50: 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p: \n+0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f net_\n+0000bb70: 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e20 2020 2020 2020 nslookup. \n+0000bb80: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 (line 6).* ne\n+0000bb90: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 3a20 2020 2020 t_set_vlan: \n 0000bba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbb0: 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2e net_set_vlan.\n-0000bbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000bbd0: 3629 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 2020 2020 6).* normal: \n+0000bbb0: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 net_set_vla\n+0000bbc0: 6e2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e n. (lin\n+0000bbd0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 2020 e 6).* normal: \n 0000bbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 726d norm\n-0000bc00: 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al. \n-0000bc10: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e6f (line 6).* no\n-0000bc20: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 743a 2020 2020 2020 rmal_exit: \n+0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+0000bc00: 726d 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmal. \n+0000bc10: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000bc20: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 743a 2020 2020 normal_exit: \n 0000bc30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc40: 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 normal_exit\n-0000bc50: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e . (lin\n-0000bc60: 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c3a e 6).* parttool:\n-0000bc70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 pa\n-0000bc90: 7274 746f 6f6c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rttool. \n-0000bca0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000bcb0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a20 2020 2020 2020 password: \n+0000bc40: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 normal_ex\n+0000bc50: 6974 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c it. (l\n+0000bc60: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f ine 6).* parttoo\n+0000bc70: 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l: \n+0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bc90: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 parttool. \n+0000bca0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000bcb0: 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a20 2020 2020 * password: \n 0000bcc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642e password.\n-0000bce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000bcf0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ine 6).* passwor\n-0000bd00: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 2020 2020 2020 d_pbkdf2: \n+0000bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 passwor\n+0000bce0: 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+0000bcf0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 (line 6).* passw\n+0000bd00: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 2020 2020 ord_pbkdf2: \n 0000bd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bd20: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322e password_pbkdf2.\n-0000bd30: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000bd40: 2a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2020 * plainmount: \n+0000bd20: 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 password_pbkdf\n+0000bd30: 322e 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 2. (line 6\n+0000bd40: 290a 2a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 ).* plainmount: \n 0000bd50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f plainmo\n-0000bd70: 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 unt. \n-0000bd80: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6c61 793a (line 6).* play:\n-0000bd90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e plain\n+0000bd70: 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mount. \n+0000bd80: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6c61 (line 6).* pla\n+0000bd90: 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y: \n 0000bda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdb0: 2020 706c 6179 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 play. \n-0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000bdd0: 290a 2a20 7072 6f62 653a 2020 2020 2020 ).* probe: \n+0000bdb0: 2020 2020 706c 6179 2e20 2020 2020 2020 play. \n+0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000bdd0: 2036 290a 2a20 7072 6f62 653a 2020 2020 6).* probe: \n 0000bde0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 6265 probe\n-0000be00: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000be10: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 646d (line 6).* rdm\n-0000be20: 7372 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sr: \n+0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f pro\n+0000be00: 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be. \n+0000be10: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 (line 6).* r\n+0000be20: 646d 7372 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dmsr: \n 0000be30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be40: 2020 2020 7264 6d73 722e 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n-0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000be60: 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6164 3a20 2020 2020 6).* read: \n+0000be40: 2020 2020 2020 7264 6d73 722e 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n+0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000be60: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6164 3a20 2020 ne 6).* read: \n 0000be70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6561 rea\n-0000be90: 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n-0000bea0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 (line 6).* r\n-0000beb0: 6562 6f6f 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eboot: \n+0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 r\n+0000be90: 6561 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ead. \n+0000bea0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000beb0: 2072 6562 6f6f 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 reboot: \n 0000bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bed0: 2020 2020 2020 7265 626f 6f74 2e20 2020 reboot. \n-0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000bef0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6765 7870 3a20 ne 6).* regexp: \n-0000bf00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 r\n-0000bf20: 6567 6578 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 egexp. \n-0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000bf40: 2072 6d6d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmmod: \n+0000bed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 626f 6f74 2e20 reboot. \n+0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000bef0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6765 7870 line 6).* regexp\n+0000bf00: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bf20: 2072 6567 6578 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 regexp. \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000bf40: 0a2a 2072 6d6d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* rmmod: \n 0000bf50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 726d 6d6f 642e 2020 rmmod. \n-0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000bf80: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7361 7665 5f65 line 6).* save_e\n-0000bf90: 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nv: \n+0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 726d 6d6f 642e rmmod.\n+0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bf80: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7361 7665 (line 6).* save\n+0000bf90: 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _env: \n 0000bfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bfb0: 2073 6176 655f 656e 762e 2020 2020 2020 save_env. \n-0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000bfd0: 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 683a 2020 2020 2020 .* search: \n+0000bfb0: 2020 2073 6176 655f 656e 762e 2020 2020 save_env. \n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000bfd0: 3629 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 683a 2020 2020 6).* search: \n 0000bfe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 search\n-0000c000: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000c010: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 6e64 (line 6).* send\n-0000c020: 6b65 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 key: \n+0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 sear\n+0000c000: 6368 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ch. \n+0000c010: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 (line 6).* se\n+0000c020: 6e64 6b65 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ndkey: \n 0000c030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c040: 2020 2073 656e 646b 6579 2e20 2020 2020 sendkey. \n-0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000c060: 3629 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 2020 2020 6).* serial: \n+0000c040: 2020 2020 2073 656e 646b 6579 2e20 2020 sendkey. \n+0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000c060: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 2020 e 6).* serial: \n 0000c070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 seri\n-0000c090: 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al. \n-0000c0a0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 (line 6).* se\n-0000c0b0: 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t: \n+0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n+0000c090: 7269 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rial. \n+0000c0a0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000c0b0: 7365 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set: \n 0000c0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c0d0: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 set. \n-0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000c0f0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 756d 3a20 e 6).* sha1sum: \n-0000c100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 sh\n-0000c120: 6131 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 a1sum. \n-0000c130: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000c140: 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 sha256sum: \n+0000c0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 2e20 2020 2020 set. \n+0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000c0f0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 756d ine 6).* sha1sum\n+0000c100: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c120: 7368 6131 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 sha1sum. \n+0000c130: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000c140: 2a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 * sha256sum: \n 0000c150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c160: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d sha256sum\n-0000c170: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c . (l\n-0000c180: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 ine 6).* sha512s\n-0000c190: 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um: \n+0000c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 3235 3673 sha256s\n+0000c170: 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um. \n+0000c180: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 (line 6).* sha51\n+0000c190: 3273 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2sum: \n 0000c1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1b0: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 sha512sum. \n-0000c1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000c1d0: 2a20 736c 6565 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * sleep: \n+0000c1b0: 2020 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 sha512sum. \n+0000c1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000c1d0: 290a 2a20 736c 6565 703a 2020 2020 2020 ).* sleep: \n 0000c1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 2e20 sleep. \n-0000c200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c210: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f (line 6).* smbio\n-0000c220: 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s: \n+0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 sleep\n+0000c200: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000c210: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6d62 (line 6).* smb\n+0000c220: 696f 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ios: \n 0000c230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c240: 2020 736d 6269 6f73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 smbios. \n-0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000c260: 290a 2a20 736f 7572 6365 3a20 2020 2020 ).* source: \n+0000c240: 2020 2020 736d 6269 6f73 2e20 2020 2020 smbios. \n+0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000c260: 2036 290a 2a20 736f 7572 6365 3a20 2020 6).* source: \n 0000c270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6f75 7263 sourc\n-0000c290: 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-0000c2a0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 7562 (line 6).* sub\n-0000c2b0: 6d65 6e75 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 menu: \n+0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6f75 sou\n+0000c290: 7263 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rce. \n+0000c2a0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n+0000c2b0: 7562 6d65 6e75 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ubmenu: \n 0000c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c2d0: 2020 2020 7375 626d 656e 752e 2020 2020 submenu. \n-0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000c2f0: 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6).* terminal_i\n-0000c300: 6e70 7574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nput: \n-0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 ter\n-0000c320: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742e 2020 2020 minal_input. \n-0000c330: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 (line 6).* t\n-0000c340: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a20 erminal_output: \n-0000c350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c360: 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f terminal_o\n-0000c370: 7574 7075 742e 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 utput. (li\n-0000c380: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 666f ne 6).* terminfo\n-0000c390: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0000c3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-0000c3b0: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 erminfo. \n-0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000c3d0: 2074 6573 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 test: \n+0000c2d0: 2020 2020 2020 7375 626d 656e 752e 2020 submenu. \n+0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000c2f0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c ne 6).* terminal\n+0000c300: 5f69 6e70 7574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _input: \n+0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+0000c320: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742e 2020 erminal_input. \n+0000c330: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000c340: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n+0000c350: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c terminal\n+0000c370: 5f6f 7574 7075 742e 2020 2020 2020 2028 _output. (\n+0000c380: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e line 6).* termin\n+0000c390: 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fo: \n+0000c3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c3b0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 terminfo. \n+0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000c3d0: 0a2a 2074 6573 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* test: \n 0000c3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 7374 2e20 2020 test. \n-0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000c410: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7472 7565 3a20 line 6).* true: \n-0000c420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 7374 2e20 test. \n+0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c410: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7472 7565 (line 6).* true\n+0000c420: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000c430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c440: 2074 7275 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true. \n-0000c450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000c460: 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* trust: \n+0000c440: 2020 2074 7275 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 true. \n+0000c450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000c460: 3629 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 3a20 2020 2020 6).* trust: \n 0000c470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7573 742e trust.\n-0000c490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c4a0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 756e 7365 (line 6).* unse\n-0000c4b0: 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t: \n+0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7573 trus\n+0000c490: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n+0000c4a0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 756e (line 6).* un\n+0000c4b0: 7365 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set: \n 0000c4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c4d0: 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 unset. \n-0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000c4f0: 3629 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6).* verify_deta\n-0000c500: 6368 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ched: \n-0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7269 veri\n-0000c520: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642e 2020 2020 fy_detached. \n-0000c530: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7669 (line 6).* vi\n-0000c540: 6465 6f69 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 deoinfo: \n+0000c4d0: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 2020 2020 unset. \n+0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000c4f0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 e 6).* verify_de\n+0000c500: 7461 6368 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tached: \n+0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 ve\n+0000c520: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642e 2020 rify_detached. \n+0000c530: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000c540: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 videoinfo: \n 0000c550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c560: 2020 2020 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2e20 videoinfo. \n-0000c570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000c580: 6520 3629 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 3a20 2020 e 6).* wrmsr: \n+0000c560: 2020 2020 2020 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f videoinfo\n+0000c570: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c . (l\n+0000c580: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 3a20 ine 6).* wrmsr: \n 0000c590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7772 wr\n-0000c5b0: 6d73 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 msr. \n-0000c5c0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000c5d0: 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 3a20 xen_hypervisor: \n-0000c5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 xen_hyper\n-0000c600: 7669 736f 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c visor. (l\n-0000c610: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 ine 6).* xen_mod\n-0000c620: 756c 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ule: \n+0000c5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c5b0: 7772 6d73 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 wrmsr. \n+0000c5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000c5d0: 2a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 * xen_hypervisor\n+0000c5e0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2078 656e 5f68 7970 xen_hyp\n+0000c600: 6572 7669 736f 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 ervisor. \n+0000c610: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2078 656e 5f6d (line 6).* xen_m\n+0000c620: 6f64 756c 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 odule: \n 0000c630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c640: 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 xen_module. \n-0000c650: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000c660: 0a .\n+0000c640: 2020 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 xen_module. \n+0000c650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000c660: 290a 0a )..\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info", "source2": "grub.info", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,541 +1,541 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 312e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7.1.1 from grub.\n 00000040: 7465 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 texi...This manu\n 00000050: 616c 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 al is for GNU GR\n 00000060: 5542 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 UB (version 2.12\n-00000070: 2c20 3130 204a 756c 7920 3230 3235 292e , 10 July 2025).\n-00000080: 0a0a 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 20c2 .. 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obe.226623.Node:\n-000019f0: 2072 646d 7372 7f32 3237 3039 340a 4e6f rdmsr.227094.No\n-00001a00: 6465 3a20 7265 6164 7f32 3237 3836 360a de: read.227866.\n-00001a10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 7f32 3238 Node: reboot.228\n-00001a20: 3330 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 7870 309.Node: regexp\n-00001a30: 7f32 3238 3437 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 726d .228477.Node: rm\n-00001a40: 6d6f 647f 3232 3930 3039 0a4e 6f64 653a mod.229009.Node:\n-00001a50: 2073 6176 655f 656e 767f 3232 3931 3837 save_env.229187\n-00001a60: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 687f 3233 .Node: search.23\n-00001a70: 3032 3034 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 646b 0204.Node: sendk\n-00001a80: 6579 7f32 3331 3831 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ey.231818.Node: \n-00001a90: 7365 747f 3233 3833 3332 0a4e 6f64 653a set.238332.Node:\n-00001aa0: 2073 6861 3173 756d 7f32 3338 3734 340a sha1sum.238744.\n-00001ab0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d7f Node: sha256sum.\n-00001ac0: 3233 3930 3232 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 239022.Node: sha\n-00001ad0: 3531 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3535 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6169 68550.Node: chai\n+000013a0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 727f 3137 3130 3436 0a4e nloader.171046.N\n+000013b0: 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 647f 3137 3137 ode: initrd.1717\n+000013c0: 3339 0a4e 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 39.Node: initrd1\n+000013d0: 367f 3137 3339 3335 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6.173935.Node: l\n+000013e0: 696e 7578 7f31 3734 3534 310a 4e6f 6465 inux.174541.Node\n+000013f0: 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 367f 3137 3534 3438 : linux16.175448\n+00001400: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 .Node: xen_hyper\n+00001410: 7669 736f 727f 3137 3631 3533 0a4e 6f64 visor.176153.Nod\n+00001420: 653a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 657f 3137 e: xen_module.17\n+00001430: 3635 3937 0a4e 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 6597.Node: Gener\n+00001440: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3137 3730 al commands.1770\n+00001450: 3938 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6572 6961 6c7f 98.Node: serial.\n+00001460: 3137 3735 3438 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 177548.Node: ter\n+00001470: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 747f 3137 3936 minal_input.1796\n+00001480: 3830 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 80.Node: termina\n+00001490: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 7f31 3830 3335 300a l_output.180350.\n+000014a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 7f31 Node: terminfo.1\n+000014b0: 3831 3032 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 81021.Node: Comm\n+000014c0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+000014d0: 737f 3138 3233 3038 0a4e 6f64 653a 205b s.182308.Node: [\n+000014e0: 7f31 3837 3434 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6163 .187445.Node: ac\n+000014f0: 7069 7f31 3837 3631 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 pi.187616.Node: \n+00001500: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 7f31 3838 authenticate.188\n+00001510: 3838 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 888.Node: backgr\n+00001520: 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 7f31 3839 3330 ound_color.18930\n+00001530: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 8.Node: backgrou\n+00001540: 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 7f31 3839 3937 300a nd_image.189970.\n+00001550: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 6472 616d 7f31 3930 Node: badram.190\n+00001560: 3531 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 511.Node: blockl\n+00001570: 6973 747f 3139 3138 3836 0a4e 6f64 653a ist.191886.Node:\n+00001580: 2062 6f6f 747f 3139 3231 3035 0a4e 6f64 boot.192105.Nod\n+00001590: 653a 2063 6174 7f31 3932 3431 320a 4e6f e: cat.192412.No\n+000015a0: 6465 3a20 636c 6561 727f 3139 3333 3839 de: clear.193389\n+000015b0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e .Node: cmosclean\n+000015c0: 7f31 3933 3535 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .193552.Node: cm\n+000015d0: 6f73 6475 6d70 7f31 3933 3834 310a 4e6f osdump.193841.No\n+000015e0: 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 7f31 3934 de: cmostest.194\n+000015f0: 3132 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 707f 3139 121.Node: cmp.19\n+00001600: 3434 3634 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 4464.Node: confi\n+00001610: 6766 696c 657f 3139 3532 3139 0a4e 6f64 gfile.195219.Nod\n+00001620: 653a 2063 7075 6964 7f31 3935 3633 330a e: cpuid.195633.\n+00001630: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 637f 3139 3632 3031 Node: crc.196201\n+00001640: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 .Node: cryptomou\n+00001650: 6e74 7f31 3936 3436 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 nt.196468.Node: \n+00001660: 6375 746d 656d 7f31 3938 3733 380a 4e6f cutmem.198738.No\n+00001670: 6465 3a20 6461 7465 7f31 3939 3630 360a de: date.199606.\n+00001680: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 Node: devicetree\n+00001690: 7f32 3030 3133 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6469 .200135.Node: di\n+000016a0: 7374 7275 7374 7f32 3030 3636 320a 4e6f strust.200662.No\n+000016b0: 6465 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 7f32 3031 de: drivemap.201\n+000016c0: 3434 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f 7f32 448.Node: echo.2\n+000016d0: 3032 3238 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6566 6974 02285.Node: efit\n+000016e0: 6578 746d 6f64 657f 3230 3332 3630 0a4e extmode.203260.N\n+000016f0: 6f64 653a 2065 7661 6c7f 3230 3534 3934 ode: eval.205494\n+00001700: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 7870 6f72 747f 3230 .Node: export.20\n+00001710: 3537 3639 0a4e 6f64 653a 2066 616c 7365 5769.Node: false\n+00001720: 7f32 3036 3036 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6677 .206069.Node: fw\n+00001730: 7365 7475 707f 3230 3633 3538 0a4e 6f64 setup.206358.Nod\n+00001740: 653a 2067 6462 696e 666f 7f32 3036 3730 e: gdbinfo.20670\n+00001750: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6765 7474 6578 747f 7.Node: gettext.\n+00001760: 3230 3732 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 7074 207246.Node: gpt\n+00001770: 7379 6e63 7f32 3037 3639 320a 4e6f 6465 sync.207692.Node\n+00001780: 3a20 6861 6c74 7f32 3038 3633 340a 4e6f : halt.208634.No\n+00001790: 6465 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d7f 3230 3930 de: hashsum.2090\n+000017a0: 3134 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 656c 707f 3231 14.Node: help.21\n+000017b0: 3033 3135 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 6578 6475 0315.Node: hexdu\n+000017c0: 6d70 7f32 3130 3736 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 mp.210768.Node: \n+000017d0: 696e 736d 6f64 7f32 3131 3338 350a 4e6f insmod.211385.No\n+000017e0: 6465 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 737f 3231 de: keystatus.21\n+000017f0: 3135 3931 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 1591.Node: list_\n+00001800: 656e 767f 3231 3232 3136 0a4e 6f64 653a env.212216.Node:\n+00001810: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 647f 3231 list_trusted.21\n+00001820: 3235 3731 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 645f 2571.Node: load_\n+00001830: 656e 767f 3231 3331 3437 0a4e 6f64 653a env.213147.Node:\n+00001840: 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 747f 3231 3438 3333 loadfont.214833\n+00001850: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b7f .Node: loopback.\n+00001860: 3231 3531 3937 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 737f 215197.Node: ls.\n+00001870: 3231 3537 3839 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 7366 215789.Node: lsf\n+00001880: 6f6e 7473 7f32 3136 3331 360a 4e6f 6465 onts.216316.Node\n+00001890: 3a20 6c73 6d6f 647f 3231 3634 3833 0a4e : lsmod.216483.N\n+000018a0: 6f64 653a 206d 6435 7375 6d7f 3231 3636 ode: md5sum.2166\n+000018b0: 3538 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c 657f 58.Node: module.\n+000018c0: 3231 3639 3330 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 756c 216930.Node: mul\n+000018d0: 7469 626f 6f74 7f32 3137 3232 370a 4e6f tiboot.217227.No\n+000018e0: 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 7f32 de: nativedisk.2\n+000018f0: 3138 3332 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 18325.Node: norm\n+00001900: 616c 7f32 3138 3730 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 al.218709.Node: \n+00001910: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 747f 3231 3934 normal_exit.2194\n+00001920: 3737 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 77.Node: parttoo\n+00001930: 6c7f 3231 3937 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 l.219784.Node: p\n+00001940: 6173 7377 6f72 647f 3232 3133 3131 0a4e assword.221311.N\n+00001950: 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 ode: password_pb\n+00001960: 6b64 6632 7f32 3231 3537 380a 4e6f 6465 kdf2.221578.Node\n+00001970: 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 7f32 3231 : plainmount.221\n+00001980: 3938 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 981.Node: plainm\n+00001990: 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 7f32 ount-Footnotes.2\n+000019a0: 3235 3734 330a 5265 663a 2070 6c61 696e 25743.Ref: plain\n+000019b0: 6d6f 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 mount-Footnote-1\n+000019c0: 7f32 3235 3830 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c .225808.Node: pl\n+000019d0: 6179 7f32 3235 3839 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ay.225899.Node: \n+000019e0: 7072 6f62 657f 3232 3636 3237 0a4e 6f64 probe.226627.Nod\n+000019f0: 653a 2072 646d 7372 7f32 3237 3039 380a e: rdmsr.227098.\n+00001a00: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6164 7f32 3237 3837 Node: read.22787\n+00001a10: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 7f32 0.Node: reboot.2\n+00001a20: 3238 3331 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 28313.Node: rege\n+00001a30: 7870 7f32 3238 3438 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 xp.228481.Node: \n+00001a40: 726d 6d6f 647f 3232 3930 3133 0a4e 6f64 rmmod.229013.Nod\n+00001a50: 653a 2073 6176 655f 656e 767f 3232 3931 e: save_env.2291\n+00001a60: 3931 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 687f 91.Node: search.\n+00001a70: 3233 3032 3038 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 230208.Node: sen\n+00001a80: 646b 6579 7f32 3331 3832 320a 4e6f 6465 dkey.231822.Node\n+00001a90: 3a20 7365 747f 3233 3833 3336 0a4e 6f64 : set.238336.Nod\n+00001aa0: 653a 2073 6861 3173 756d 7f32 3338 3734 e: sha1sum.23874\n+00001ab0: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 8.Node: sha256su\n+00001ac0: 6d7f 3233 3930 3236 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 m.239026.Node: s\n+00001ad0: 6861 3531 3273 756d 7f32 3339 3331 380a ha512sum.239318.\n+00001ae0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 736c 6565 707f 3233 3936 Node: sleep.2396\n+00001af0: 3038 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 696f 737f 08.Node: smbios.\n+00001b00: 3234 3031 3231 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6f75 240121.Node: sou\n+00001b10: 7263 657f 3234 3331 3835 0a4e 6f64 653a rce.243185.Node:\n+00001b20: 2074 6573 747f 3234 3337 3331 0a4e 6f64 test.243731.Nod\n+00001b30: 653a 2074 7275 657f 3234 3636 3035 0a4e e: true.246605.N\n+00001b40: 6f64 653a 2074 7275 7374 7f32 3436 3838 ode: trust.24688\n+00001b50: 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e 7365 747f 3234 4.Node: unset.24\n+00001b60: 3736 3837 0a4e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 7687.Node: verif\n+00001b70: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 7f32 3437 3838 y_detached.24788\n+00001b80: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6.Node: videoinf\n+00001b90: 6f7f 3234 3839 3330 0a4e 6f64 653a 2077 o.248930.Node: w\n+00001ba0: 726d 7372 7f32 3439 3139 330a 4e6f 6465 rmsr.249193.Node\n+00001bb0: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n+00001bc0: 6d61 6e64 737f 3234 3939 3639 0a4e 6f64 mands.249969.Nod\n+00001bd0: 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 727f e: net_add_addr.\n+00001be0: 3235 3130 3432 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 251042.Node: net\n+00001bf0: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 7f32 3531 3536 360a _add_dns.251566.\n+00001c00: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f Node: net_add_ro\n+00001c10: 7574 657f 3235 3138 3432 0a4e 6f64 653a ute.251842.Node:\n+00001c20: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 7f32 3532 3337 net_bootp.25237\n+00001c30: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 0.Node: net_del_\n+00001c40: 6164 6472 7f32 3532 3733 350a 4e6f 6465 addr.252735.Node\n+00001c50: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 737f 3235 : net_del_dns.25\n+00001c60: 3239 3735 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 2975.Node: net_d\n+00001c70: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 7f32 3533 3232 320a el_route.253222.\n+00001c80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 7f32 Node: net_dhcp.2\n+00001c90: 3533 3435 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 53456.Node: net_\n+00001ca0: 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e7f get_dhcp_option.\n+00001cb0: 3235 3535 3331 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 255531.Node: net\n+00001cc0: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 7f32 _ipv6_autoconf.2\n+00001cd0: 3536 3033 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 56032.Node: net_\n+00001ce0: 6c73 5f61 6464 727f 3235 3634 3537 0a4e ls_addr.256457.N\n+00001cf0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 ode: net_ls_card\n+00001d00: 737f 3235 3637 3035 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e s.256705.Node: n\n+00001d10: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 737f 3235 3639 3431 et_ls_dns.256941\n+00001d20: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f .Node: net_ls_ro\n+00001d30: 7574 6573 7f32 3537 3137 320a 4e6f 6465 utes.257172.Node\n+00001d40: 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 7f32 : net_nslookup.2\n+00001d50: 3537 3337 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 57379.Node: net_\n+00001d60: 7365 745f 766c 616e 7f32 3537 3638 340a set_vlan.257684.\n+00001d70: 4e6f 6465 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 Node: Undocument\n+00001d80: 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3235 3831 ed commands.2581\n+00001d90: 3437 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 47.Node: Interna\n+00001da0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e7f 3236 tionalisation.26\n+00001db0: 3338 3539 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 3859.Node: Secur\n+00001dc0: 6974 797f 3237 3036 3939 0a4e 6f64 653a ity.270699.Node:\n+00001dd0: 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 Authentication \n+00001de0: 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f and authorisatio\n+00001df0: 6e7f 3237 3132 3735 0a4e 6f64 653a 2055 n.271275.Node: U\n+00001e00: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n+00001e10: 6e61 7475 7265 737f 3237 3434 3731 0a4e natures.274471.N\n+00001e20: 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 ode: UEFI secure\n+00001e30: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 7f32 boot and shim.2\n+00001e40: 3737 3833 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 77837.Node: Secu\n+00001e50: 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 re Boot Advanced\n+00001e60: 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 7f32 3739 3031 Targeting.27901\n+00001e70: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 6.Node: Measured\n+00001e80: 2042 6f6f 747f 3238 3030 3535 0a4e 6f64 Boot.280055.Nod\n+00001e90: 653a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e7f 3238 3230 e: Lockdown.2820\n+00001ea0: 3537 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 57.Node: Platfor\n+00001eb0: 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 737f 3238 m limitations.28\n+00001ec0: 3235 3538 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 2558.Node: Platf\n+00001ed0: 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 orm-specific ope\n+00001ee0: 7261 7469 6f6e 737f 3239 3035 3637 0a4e rations.290567.N\n+00001ef0: 6f64 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b ode: Supported k\n+00001f00: 6572 6e65 6c73 7f32 3931 3635 380a 4e6f ernels.291658.No\n+00001f10: 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 de: Troubleshoot\n+00001f20: 696e 677f 3239 3932 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a ing.299295.Node:\n+00001f30: 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 GRUB only offer\n+00001f40: 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c s a rescue shell\n+00001f50: 7f32 3939 3536 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 .299564.Node: Fi\n+00001f60: 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e rmware stalls in\n+00001f70: 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 stead of booting\n+00001f80: 2047 5255 427f 3330 3337 3933 0a4e 6f64 GRUB.303793.Nod\n+00001f90: 653a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 e: User-space ut\n+00001fa0: 696c 6974 6965 737f 3330 3434 3234 0a4e ilities.304424.N\n+00001fb0: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n+00001fc0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 7f33 3035 3135 ub-install.30515\n+00001fd0: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 5.Node: Invoking\n+00001fe0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 7f33 grub-mkconfig.3\n+00001ff0: 3037 3337 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 07378.Node: Invo\n+00002000: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 king grub-mkpass\n+00002010: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 327f 3330 3830 3630 wd-pbkdf2.308060\n+00002020: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 .Node: Invoking \n+00002030: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 7f33 grub-mkrelpath.3\n+00002040: 3038 3737 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 08772.Node: Invo\n+00002050: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n+00002060: 7565 7f33 3039 3539 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ue.309594.Node: \n+00002070: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f Invoking grub-mo\n+00002080: 756e 747f 3331 3134 3532 0a4e 6f64 653a unt.311452.Node:\n+00002090: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 Invoking grub-p\n+000020a0: 726f 6265 7f33 3134 3630 360a 4e6f 6465 robe.314606.Node\n+000020b0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+000020c0: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 7f33 3137 script-check.317\n+000020d0: 3336 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 369.Node: Obtain\n+000020e0: 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 ing and Building\n+000020f0: 2047 5255 427f 3331 3831 3236 0a4e 6f64 GRUB.318126.Nod\n+00002100: 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 e: Reporting bug\n+00002110: 737f 3331 3933 3731 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 s.319371.Node: F\n+00002120: 7574 7572 657f 3332 3231 3935 0a4e 6f64 uture.322195.Nod\n+00002130: 653a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 e: Copying This \n+00002140: 4d61 6e75 616c 7f33 3232 3539 350a 4e6f Manual.322595.No\n+00002150: 6465 3a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 de: GNU Free Doc\n+00002160: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n+00002170: 7365 7f33 3232 3832 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 se.322823.Node: \n+00002180: 496e 6465 787f 3334 3532 3135 0a1f 0a45 Index.345215...E\n+00002190: 6e64 2054 6167 2054 6162 6c65 0a0a 1f0a nd Tag Table....\n+000021a0: 4c6f 6361 6c20 5661 7269 6162 6c65 733a Local Variables:\n+000021b0: 0a63 6f64 696e 673a 2075 7466 2d38 0a45 .coding: utf-8.E\n+000021c0: 6e64 3a0a nd:.\n"}]}]}]}]}]}