{"diffoscope-json-version": 1, "source1": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.hDSQNdyB/b1/grub2_2.12-5_amd64.changes", "source2": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.hDSQNdyB/b2/grub2_2.12-5_amd64.changes", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "Files", "source2": "Files", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,38 +1,38 @@\n \n 306cf2fd9e91527f398f157858862ae3 11757904 debug optional grub-common-dbgsym_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n 9485371ecb55233c264615af9c872f2d 2887712 admin optional grub-common_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n- f228ef9bc2fe6d1aff7e43beec7008a8 645248 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n+ 4be4efbacfdd24e44ee67d3374964b9e 645308 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n 271b4b0182074bf85c237f32f55649f7 2956768 debug optional grub-coreboot-dbg_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n 87d97152d234744a9c052d7052430f27 45876 admin optional grub-coreboot_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n- aa35f6873f6f6a2b4d01cd52c97f625c 1049684 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n+ b5c6226f49ddb0c21a873f12a7edfa56 1049724 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n cb722453ba88f18bb5b9088eaa31e38d 3675032 debug optional grub-efi-amd64-dbg_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n 1fe60ed6747570f06f09d2c14f9b96ce 316492 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-signed-template_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n- 9d6716c361194b41e050b9b15a9ea5ae 1359460 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n+ 6367b12e43523f434c56535f56e5a210 1359528 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n 8b9b68ae05dc2d17a1a77493d25ce655 45880 admin optional grub-efi-amd64_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n- 3ec835c82de58a2d3b45a27e26b79400 688224 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n+ 2ca428949e3e3a6f09417276af9de116 688240 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n b763e33804d2b84019347d22cad620be 3328900 debug optional grub-efi-ia32-dbg_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n- 5a8cad4057dd406dbb31a68b05cac5c6 1321468 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n+ 839b26ca1fce5242403c11dac8edaa2e 1321732 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n a3c2f35389a6631e95ba617c0e870c84 45896 admin optional grub-efi-ia32_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n e9620d71737bb633ee4324ffea6bd480 2372 admin optional grub-efi_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n 7d7794286d9ce4c6a0f9c617333697c9 2802332 debug optional grub-emu-dbg_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n fd847c19593d74fc62cd9e6f75f36619 34628 debug optional grub-emu-dbgsym_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n- fb7ac28952f713167fd39a4350eab155 3048920 admin optional grub-emu_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n- 636342a6163da812f58ac4a34afee6e5 923508 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n- 527eab089080ea004fc25fe9ab6c67a0 633096 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n+ d70fd5d9455b9d0a22ae42387a1a458f 3048548 admin optional grub-emu_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n+ 9f1624473f09adeabd1e05bb5b35eb35 923504 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n+ 41eff3c2566a783f4698c6699f667b54 633104 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n fbf7b131e2abfd8227e36dfe3f774e8e 2924148 debug optional grub-ieee1275-dbg_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n 4d85d9cb6a86680fe0c5131ee1577bc5 45872 admin optional grub-ieee1275_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n 34f4a2211b916b4f721f159f0d19aad6 2360 oldlibs optional grub-linuxbios_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n 3e5c0db59fae54bff9b0eb17060a4f2b 435424 debian-installer optional grub-mount-udeb_2.12-5_amd64.udeb\n f923bbab906c084f2e9ac3bb8e4206e6 1226852 debug optional grub-pc-bin-dbgsym_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n- df7e05b5ce2ba3f97ff1ea966587b137 1016664 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n+ 58c07409af752ab7cfd9abca185e3e78 1016776 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n c2d93df80c4a978417201ca7cf0be92b 3182052 debug optional grub-pc-dbg_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n 63ee62737e5cf8a336967df169186b91 136688 admin optional grub-pc_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n- c7b9864d8397a4d4522534ef748cafb2 2641620 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n+ 61809441fe779b0b9a1fadd935c1eedd 2642616 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n 2dea6a29a991ab085f5c10f54f10e248 2155984 admin optional grub-theme-starfield_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n- cd94c46de52fc63958de58c56dec9b4f 1035920 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n- dd43bb199ac3d665aa2e5c86c56170eb 7532256 debug optional grub-xen-dbg_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n- c28fa56c084a1692de2e9101ddea59dd 1330992 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n- f619d339e67cd9cb8d71b394124eb1fe 45816 admin optional grub-xen_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n+ 2b679c3c9e332e5178d886eedd1eee13 1036384 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n+ 5051ac0a9b1188a742ed413ac2084d2e 7532264 debug optional grub-xen-dbg_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n+ 1a7dbc30de5657750acfed0f007c9bab 1331000 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n+ 920eb844a65a46f28c96452c0f44748d 45832 admin optional grub-xen_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n d74c3733d5b92b2c8b3d4516c2f5c246 1586440 debug optional grub2-common-dbgsym_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n- d0847225d78f6d5574ee1406f8decff2 639660 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n+ 3c29671c8f0e2209b1f35fd6dd34f4ac 639648 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n 20a468ab8e15a56e336c1c28343bec3b 2360 oldlibs optional grub2_2.12-5_amd64.deb\n"}, {"source1": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7424 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 637632 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 637692 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -146,15 +146,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3708 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3848 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3632 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3796 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3716 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5804 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4910 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2637 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2635 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2316 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27452 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13880 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 15096 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4152 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=coreboot\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8128 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1041364 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8132 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1041400 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -158,15 +158,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5664 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5752 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5728 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5816 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5640 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 9120 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5318 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2561 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2559 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3128 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44032 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2360 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 22000 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 24944 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6624 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1232 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1358036 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1358104 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -764826,16 +764826,16 @@\n 232e80:\tlods %ds:(%rsi),%al\n 232e81:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 232e83:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 232e85:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 232e87:\tadd %dh,0xcd3(%rsi)\n 232e8d:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 232e8f:\tadd %al,(%rax,%rax,4)\n- 232e92:\tpush %rdi\n- 232e93:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 232e92:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 232e93:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 232e95:\tadd %ah,%al\n 232e97:\trorl %cl,(%rax,%rax,1)\n \t...\n 233aae:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 233ab0:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 233ab2:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 233ab4:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -770175,16 +770175,16 @@\n 23743f:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237441:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237443:\tadd %ch,-0x2d(%rdx)\n 237446:\tor $0x0,%al\n 237448:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23744a:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23744c:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 23744e:\tpush %rdi\n- 23744f:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 23744e:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 23744f:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 237451:\tadd %dl,0xc(%rbx,%rdx,8)\n \t...\n 2380b8:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 2380ba:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2380bc:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n 2380be:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2380c0:\toutsb %ds:(%rsi),(%dx)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -770173,16 +770173,16 @@\n 23743f:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237441:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237443:\tadd %ch,-0x2d(%rdx)\n 237446:\tor $0x0,%al\n 237448:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23744a:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23744c:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 23744e:\tpush %rdi\n- 23744f:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 23744e:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 23744f:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 237451:\tadd %dl,0xc(%rbx,%rdx,8)\n \t...\n 2380b8:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 2380ba:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2380bc:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n 2380be:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2380c0:\toutsb %ds:(%rsi),(%dx)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -876072,16 +876072,16 @@\n 289752:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 289754:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 289756:\txchg %eax,%esp\n 289757:\trorb %cl,(%rax,%rax,1)\n 28975a:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28975c:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28975e:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 289760:\tpush %rdi\n- 289761:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 289760:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 289761:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 289763:\tadd %dh,0xcd2(%rsi)\n \t...\n 28a4a5:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28a4a7:\tadd %al,(%rbx)\n 28a4a9:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28a4ab:\tadd %bl,(%rax)\n 28a4ad:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7860 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 680172 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7856 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 680192 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -159,15 +159,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3748 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3908 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3708 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3840 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3772 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6800 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5340 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2604 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2602 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2320 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 28648 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2404 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1996 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14408 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 16104 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4292 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1236 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1320040 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1320304 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/gcdia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/gcdia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -115562,15 +115562,15 @@\n 001c3690: 7066 3201 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c pf2............l\n 001c36a0: 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 8c00 0200 .......fonts....\n 001c36b0: 0200 0700 6772 7562 2e63 6667 1080 acd1 ....grub.cfg....\n 001c36c0: 0c00 0000 0000 ec00 0000 0000 0000 9cd3 ................\n 001c36d0: 0c00 0000 0000 2080 6c00 0000 0000 0000 ...... .l.......\n 001c36e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c36f0: ac00 0000 0000 0000 b6d3 0c00 0000 0000 ................\n-001c3700: 0480 5704 0000 e0d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 ..W.............\n+001c3700: 0480 ae08 0000 e0d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3710: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3720: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3730: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3740: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3750: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3760: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3770: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -135217,15 +135217,15 @@\n 00210300: ed01 0000 0000 b03a 9566 0300 0000 0000 .......:.f......\n 00210310: 0000 0300 0000 1c00 1f00 0400 0000 3880 ..............8.\n 00210320: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0200 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00210330: 0200 0a00 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 3200 ....unicode.pf2.\n 00210340: 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c 0000 0001 ...........l....\n 00210350: 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 1880 6c00 0000 0000 ...fonts..l.....\n 00210360: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 0000 ................\n-00210370: 0000 94d2 0c00 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 ............W...\n+00210370: 0000 94d2 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 ................\n 00210380: b6d2 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00210390: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002103a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002103b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002103c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002103d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002103e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -116278,15 +116278,15 @@\n 001c6350: 7066 3201 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c pf2............l\n 001c6360: 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 8c00 0200 .......fonts....\n 001c6370: 0200 0700 6772 7562 2e63 6667 1080 acd1 ....grub.cfg....\n 001c6380: 0c00 0000 0000 9c00 0000 0000 0000 4cd3 ..............L.\n 001c6390: 0c00 0000 0000 2080 6c00 0000 0000 0000 ...... .l.......\n 001c63a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c63b0: ac00 0000 0000 0000 66d3 0c00 0000 0000 ........f.......\n-001c63c0: 0480 5704 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 ..W.............\n+001c63c0: 0480 ae08 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c63d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c63e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c63f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6400: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6410: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6420: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6430: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -116278,15 +116278,15 @@\n 001c6350: 7066 3201 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c pf2............l\n 001c6360: 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 8c00 0200 .......fonts....\n 001c6370: 0200 0700 6772 7562 2e63 6667 1080 acd1 ....grub.cfg....\n 001c6380: 0c00 0000 0000 9c00 0000 0000 0000 4cd3 ..............L.\n 001c6390: 0c00 0000 0000 2080 6c00 0000 0000 0000 ...... .l.......\n 001c63a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c63b0: ac00 0000 0000 0000 66d3 0c00 0000 0000 ........f.......\n-001c63c0: 0480 5704 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 ..W.............\n+001c63c0: 0480 ae08 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c63d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c63e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c63f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6400: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6410: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6420: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6430: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-emu_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-emu_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 6248 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 3042480 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 6252 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 3042104 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -126,15 +126,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 39240 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 39824 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44912 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 39664 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44216 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44136 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3750 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2375 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2373 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 329808 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 23144 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 11752 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 595216 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 32000 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 74328 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1028848 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=emu\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1176 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 922140 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 922136 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": 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3235 3630 000000.151602560\n-001b41b0: 3432 0030 3132 3336 3000 2035 0000 0000 42.012360. 5....\n+001b4180: 0000 0030 3030 3037 3535 0030 3030 3432 ...0000755.00042\n+001b4190: 3536 0030 3030 3432 3536 0030 3030 3030 56.0004256.00000\n+001b41a0: 3030 3030 3030 0031 3437 3535 3036 3230 000000.147550620\n+001b41b0: 3635 0030 3132 3430 3500 2035 0000 0000 65.012405. 5....\n 001b41c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b41d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b41e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b41f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4200: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4210: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4220: 7573 7461 7220 2000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 ustar .pbuilder\n-001b4230: 3100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1...............\n+001b4230: 3200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 2...............\n 001b4240: 0000 0000 0000 0000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 ........pbuilder\n-001b4250: 3100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1...............\n+001b4250: 3200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 2...............\n 001b4260: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4270: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4280: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4290: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b42a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b42b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b42c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n@@ -111666,28 +111666,28 @@\n 001b4310: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0062 ...............b\n 001b4320: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f00 0000 0000 0000 oot/grub/.......\n 001b4330: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4340: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 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0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4400: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4410: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4420: 7573 7461 7220 2000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 ustar .pbuilder\n-001b4430: 3100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1...............\n+001b4430: 3200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 2...............\n 001b4440: 0000 0000 0000 0000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 ........pbuilder\n-001b4450: 3100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1...............\n+001b4450: 3200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 2...............\n 001b4460: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4470: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4480: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4490: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b44a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b44b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 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56.0004256.00000\n+001b45a0: 3030 3132 3432 0031 3437 3535 3036 3230 001242.147550620\n+001b45b0: 3635 0030 3134 3736 3300 2030 0000 0000 65.014763. 0....\n 001b45c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b45d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b45e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b45f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4600: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4610: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4620: 7573 7461 7220 2000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 ustar .pbuilder\n-001b4630: 3100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1...............\n+001b4630: 3200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 2...............\n 001b4640: 0000 0000 0000 0000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 ........pbuilder\n-001b4650: 3100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1...............\n+001b4650: 3200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 2...............\n 001b4660: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4670: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4680: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4690: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b46a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b46b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b46c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7400 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 625504 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 625512 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -145,15 +145,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3708 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3848 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3632 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3796 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3716 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5788 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4708 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2637 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2635 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2316 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27452 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13712 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14700 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2696 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/nand.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=ieee1275\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-pc-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-pc-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8420 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1008052 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8424 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1008160 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -171,15 +171,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3708 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3848 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3632 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3796 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3716 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 8480 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5786 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2623 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2621 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2316 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27452 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2024-07-15 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"unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,325 +1,325 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 Mar 23 2026 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Mar 23 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 Feb 18 2025 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Feb 18 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 2411806 Mar 23 2026 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 2411806 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\n----------- 0 0 0 10516 Mar 23 2026 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19084 Mar 23 2026 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2180 Mar 23 2026 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2872 Mar 23 2026 [ 1530 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3024 Mar 23 2026 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3632 Mar 23 2026 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2260 Mar 23 2026 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19280 Mar 23 2026 [ 1538 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8200 Mar 23 2026 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1960 Mar 23 2026 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14772 Mar 23 2026 [ 1554 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17740 Mar 23 2026 [ 1562 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8536 Mar 23 2026 [ 1571 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4324 Mar 23 2026 [ 1576 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7724 Mar 23 2026 [ 1579 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13472 Mar 23 2026 [ 1583 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 36800 Mar 23 2026 [ 1590 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 24504 Mar 23 2026 [ 1608 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 25096 Mar 23 2026 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5600 Mar 23 2026 [ 1633 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4804 Mar 23 2026 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 39012 Mar 23 2026 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9872 Mar 23 2026 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2796 Mar 23 2026 [ 1664 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4888 Mar 23 2026 [ 1666 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3740 Mar 23 2026 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8740 Mar 23 2026 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4616 Mar 23 2026 [ 1676 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5164 Mar 23 2026 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6504 Mar 23 2026 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1140 Mar 23 2026 [ 1686 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2584 Mar 23 2026 [ 1687 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3052 Mar 23 2026 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6864 Mar 23 2026 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8092 Mar 23 2026 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2940 Mar 23 2026 [ 1699 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5820 Mar 23 2026 [ 1701 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2452 Mar 23 2026 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2780 Mar 23 2026 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9132 Mar 23 2026 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6108 Mar 23 2026 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7720 Mar 23 2026 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4268 Mar 23 2026 [ 1720 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4968 Mar 23 2026 [ 1723 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1832 Mar 23 2026 [ 1726 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6252 Mar 23 2026 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14396 Mar 23 2026 [ 1731 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 30056 Mar 23 2026 [ 1739 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13504 Mar 23 2026 [ 1754 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5516 Mar 23 2026 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5744 Mar 23 2026 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3044 Mar 23 2026 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3864 Mar 23 2026 [ 1769 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4740 Mar 23 2026 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2236 Mar 23 2026 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1792 Mar 23 2026 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4768 Mar 23 2026 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3924 Mar 23 2026 [ 1780 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14168 Mar 23 2026 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8452 Mar 23 2026 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4812 Mar 23 2026 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3212 Mar 23 2026 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7376 Mar 23 2026 [ 1799 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2020 Mar 23 2026 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2104 Mar 23 2026 [ 1804 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1964 Mar 23 2026 [ 1806 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1880 Mar 23 2026 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1968 Mar 23 2026 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2788 Mar 23 2026 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3500 Mar 23 2026 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3576 Mar 23 2026 [ 1813 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3708 Mar 23 2026 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3848 Mar 23 2026 [ 1817 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3632 Mar 23 2026 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3796 Mar 23 2026 [ 1821 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3716 Mar 23 2026 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8480 Mar 23 2026 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5786 Mar 23 2026 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2623 Mar 23 2026 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2316 Mar 23 2026 [ 1835 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27452 Mar 23 2026 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2392 Mar 23 2026 [ 1851 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1972 Mar 23 2026 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14900 Mar 23 2026 [ 1854 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15932 Mar 23 2026 [ 1862 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4148 Mar 23 2026 [ 1870 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 58420 Mar 23 2026 [ 1873 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2812 Mar 23 2026 [ 1902 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6716 Mar 23 2026 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 114852 Mar 23 2026 [ 1908 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10616 Mar 23 2026 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4240 Mar 23 2026 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2504 Mar 23 2026 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2664 Mar 23 2026 [ 1976 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1440 Mar 23 2026 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10288 Mar 23 2026 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 Mar 23 2026 [ 1985 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1812 Mar 23 2026 [ 1986 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2052 Mar 23 2026 [ 1987 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2680 Mar 23 2026 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1712 Mar 23 2026 [ 1991 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1424 Mar 23 2026 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2300 Mar 23 2026 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2284 Mar 23 2026 [ 1995 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1732 Mar 23 2026 [ 1997 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1436 Mar 23 2026 [ 1998 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 Mar 23 2026 [ 1999 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 111 Mar 23 2026 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17 Mar 23 2026 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4632 Mar 23 2026 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 Mar 23 2026 [ 2005 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2732 Mar 23 2026 [ 2006 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4808 Mar 23 2026 [ 2008 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1312 Mar 23 2026 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2088 Mar 23 2026 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1316 Mar 23 2026 [ 2014 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2364 Mar 23 2026 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11304 Mar 23 2026 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7172 Mar 23 2026 [ 2023 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6268 Mar 23 2026 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2448 Mar 23 2026 [ 2031 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7984 Mar 23 2026 [ 2033 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1512 Mar 23 2026 [ 2037 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3500 Mar 23 2026 [ 2038 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2256 Mar 23 2026 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2144 Mar 23 2026 [ 2042 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3672 Mar 23 2026 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2608 Mar 23 2026 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1288 Mar 23 2026 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2188 Mar 23 2026 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3668 Mar 23 2026 [ 2051 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1832 Mar 23 2026 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1676 Mar 23 2026 [ 2054 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1628 Mar 23 2026 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 50888 Mar 23 2026 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8648 Mar 23 2026 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15036 Mar 23 2026 [ 2086 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4064 Mar 23 2026 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4612 Mar 23 2026 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3688 Mar 23 2026 [ 2099 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3128 Mar 23 2026 [ 2101 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3192 Mar 23 2026 [ 2103 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3124 Mar 23 2026 [ 2105 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6996 Mar 23 2026 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9372 Mar 23 2026 [ 2111 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 628 Mar 23 2026 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1624 Mar 23 2026 [ 2117 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5208 Mar 23 2026 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5080 Mar 23 2026 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2424 Mar 23 2026 [ 2124 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6360 Mar 23 2026 [ 2126 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2116 Mar 23 2026 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2312 Mar 23 2026 [ 2132 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5504 Mar 23 2026 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2008 Mar 23 2026 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7080 Mar 23 2026 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2112 Mar 23 2026 [ 2142 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17328 Mar 23 2026 [ 2144 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3168 Mar 23 2026 [ 2153 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 202 Mar 23 2026 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4432 Mar 23 2026 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12212 Mar 23 2026 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5080 Mar 23 2026 [ 2165 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1272 Mar 23 2026 [ 2168 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2712 Mar 23 2026 [ 2169 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2244 Mar 23 2026 [ 2171 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5264 Mar 23 2026 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4592 Mar 23 2026 [ 2176 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1456 Mar 23 2026 [ 2179 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2320 Mar 23 2026 [ 2180 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1656 Mar 23 2026 [ 2182 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 Mar 23 2026 [ 2183 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3556 Mar 23 2026 [ 2184 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8768 Mar 23 2026 [ 2186 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5216 Mar 23 2026 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5648 Mar 23 2026 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5328 Mar 23 2026 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6492 Mar 23 2026 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10368 Mar 23 2026 [ 2204 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3740 Mar 23 2026 [ 2210 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6904 Mar 23 2026 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 Mar 23 2026 [ 2216 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2272 Mar 23 2026 [ 2217 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2632 Mar 23 2026 [ 2219 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1460 Mar 23 2026 [ 2221 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3560 Mar 23 2026 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9684 Mar 23 2026 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2604 Mar 23 2026 [ 2229 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4940 Mar 23 2026 [ 2231 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 Mar 23 2026 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 33 Mar 23 2026 [ 2236 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5928 Mar 23 2026 [ 2237 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5548 Mar 23 2026 [ 2240 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6020 Mar 23 2026 [ 2243 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5612 Mar 23 2026 [ 2246 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 21304 Mar 23 2026 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3976 Mar 23 2026 [ 2260 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4216 Mar 23 2026 [ 2262 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2280 Mar 23 2026 [ 2265 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1448 Mar 23 2026 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7960 Mar 23 2026 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27288 Mar 23 2026 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2084 Mar 23 2026 [ 2286 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 Mar 23 2026 [ 2288 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14972 Mar 23 2026 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 40440 Mar 23 2026 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5468 Mar 23 2026 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6484 Mar 23 2026 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 45736 Mar 23 2026 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Feb 18 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 7820 Feb 18 2025 [ 1228 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10576 Feb 18 2025 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1200 Feb 18 2025 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5644 Feb 18 2025 [ 1239 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6032 Feb 18 2025 [ 1242 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1508 Feb 18 2025 [ 1245 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15608 Feb 18 2025 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 492 Feb 18 2025 [ 1254 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Feb 18 2025 [ 1255 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2936 Feb 18 2025 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4116 Feb 18 2025 [ 1258 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5544 Feb 18 2025 [ 1261 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1576 Feb 18 2025 [ 1264 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6748 Feb 18 2025 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4616 Feb 18 2025 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2188 Feb 18 2025 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3600 Feb 18 2025 [ 1274 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2004 Feb 18 2025 [ 1276 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2628 Feb 18 2025 [ 1277 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 31176 Feb 18 2025 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 Feb 18 2025 [ 1295 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19644 Feb 18 2025 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2088 Feb 18 2025 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2816 Feb 18 2025 [ 1309 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3852 Feb 18 2025 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3336 Feb 18 2025 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2440 Feb 18 2025 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1048 Feb 18 2025 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2752 Feb 18 2025 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3396 Feb 18 2025 [ 1320 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2944 Feb 18 2025 [ 1322 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 Feb 18 2025 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1824 Feb 18 2025 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2208 Feb 18 2025 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4580 Feb 18 2025 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3931 Feb 18 2025 [ 1331 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2204 Feb 18 2025 [ 1333 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2588 Feb 18 2025 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2668 Feb 18 2025 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1652 Feb 18 2025 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1552 Feb 18 2025 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 936 Feb 18 2025 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4896 Feb 18 2025 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14640 Feb 18 2025 [ 1345 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3584 Feb 18 2025 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1684 Feb 18 2025 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2096 Feb 18 2025 [ 1356 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1720 Feb 18 2025 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2148 Feb 18 2025 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2364 Feb 18 2025 [ 1361 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9816 Feb 18 2025 [ 1363 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Feb 18 2025 [ 1368 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5504 Feb 18 2025 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1768 Feb 18 2025 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5296 Feb 18 2025 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1896 Feb 18 2025 [ 1376 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 23624 Feb 18 2025 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7644 Feb 18 2025 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11048 Feb 18 2025 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16128 Feb 18 2025 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5824 Feb 18 2025 [ 1407 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 31105 Feb 18 2025 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1368 Feb 18 2025 [ 1426 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5972 Feb 18 2025 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1380 Feb 18 2025 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6056 Feb 18 2025 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4616 Feb 18 2025 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6432 Feb 18 2025 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6116 Feb 18 2025 [ 1441 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17100 Feb 18 2025 [ 1444 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13840 Feb 18 2025 [ 1453 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2612 Feb 18 2025 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 219 Feb 18 2025 [ 1462 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2924 Feb 18 2025 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 34144 Feb 18 2025 [ 1465 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1580 Feb 18 2025 [ 1482 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7976 Feb 18 2025 [ 1483 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33532 Feb 18 2025 [ 1487 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16304 Feb 18 2025 [ 1504 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10516 Feb 18 2025 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19084 Feb 18 2025 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2180 Feb 18 2025 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2872 Feb 18 2025 [ 1530 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3024 Feb 18 2025 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3632 Feb 18 2025 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2260 Feb 18 2025 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19280 Feb 18 2025 [ 1538 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8200 Feb 18 2025 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1960 Feb 18 2025 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14772 Feb 18 2025 [ 1554 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17740 Feb 18 2025 [ 1562 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8536 Feb 18 2025 [ 1571 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4324 Feb 18 2025 [ 1576 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7724 Feb 18 2025 [ 1579 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13472 Feb 18 2025 [ 1583 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 36800 Feb 18 2025 [ 1590 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 24504 Feb 18 2025 [ 1608 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25096 Feb 18 2025 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5600 Feb 18 2025 [ 1633 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4804 Feb 18 2025 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 39012 Feb 18 2025 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9872 Feb 18 2025 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2796 Feb 18 2025 [ 1664 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4888 Feb 18 2025 [ 1666 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3740 Feb 18 2025 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8740 Feb 18 2025 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4616 Feb 18 2025 [ 1676 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5164 Feb 18 2025 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6504 Feb 18 2025 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1140 Feb 18 2025 [ 1686 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2584 Feb 18 2025 [ 1687 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3052 Feb 18 2025 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6864 Feb 18 2025 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8092 Feb 18 2025 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2940 Feb 18 2025 [ 1699 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5820 Feb 18 2025 [ 1701 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2452 Feb 18 2025 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2780 Feb 18 2025 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9132 Feb 18 2025 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6108 Feb 18 2025 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7720 Feb 18 2025 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4268 Feb 18 2025 [ 1720 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4968 Feb 18 2025 [ 1723 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1832 Feb 18 2025 [ 1726 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6252 Feb 18 2025 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14396 Feb 18 2025 [ 1731 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 30056 Feb 18 2025 [ 1739 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13504 Feb 18 2025 [ 1754 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5516 Feb 18 2025 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5744 Feb 18 2025 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3044 Feb 18 2025 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3864 Feb 18 2025 [ 1769 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4740 Feb 18 2025 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2236 Feb 18 2025 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1792 Feb 18 2025 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4768 Feb 18 2025 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3924 Feb 18 2025 [ 1780 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14168 Feb 18 2025 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8452 Feb 18 2025 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4812 Feb 18 2025 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3212 Feb 18 2025 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7376 Feb 18 2025 [ 1799 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2020 Feb 18 2025 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2104 Feb 18 2025 [ 1804 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1964 Feb 18 2025 [ 1806 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1880 Feb 18 2025 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1968 Feb 18 2025 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2788 Feb 18 2025 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3500 Feb 18 2025 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3576 Feb 18 2025 [ 1813 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3708 Feb 18 2025 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3848 Feb 18 2025 [ 1817 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3632 Feb 18 2025 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3796 Feb 18 2025 [ 1821 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3716 Feb 18 2025 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8480 Feb 18 2025 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5786 Feb 18 2025 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2621 Feb 18 2025 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2316 Feb 18 2025 [ 1835 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27452 Feb 18 2025 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2392 Feb 18 2025 [ 1851 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1972 Feb 18 2025 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14900 Feb 18 2025 [ 1854 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15932 Feb 18 2025 [ 1862 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4148 Feb 18 2025 [ 1870 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 58420 Feb 18 2025 [ 1873 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2812 Feb 18 2025 [ 1902 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6716 Feb 18 2025 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 114852 Feb 18 2025 [ 1908 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10616 Feb 18 2025 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4240 Feb 18 2025 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2504 Feb 18 2025 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2664 Feb 18 2025 [ 1976 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1440 Feb 18 2025 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10288 Feb 18 2025 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 Feb 18 2025 [ 1985 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1812 Feb 18 2025 [ 1986 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2052 Feb 18 2025 [ 1987 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2680 Feb 18 2025 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1712 Feb 18 2025 [ 1991 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1424 Feb 18 2025 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2300 Feb 18 2025 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2284 Feb 18 2025 [ 1995 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1732 Feb 18 2025 [ 1997 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1436 Feb 18 2025 [ 1998 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 Feb 18 2025 [ 1999 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 111 Feb 18 2025 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17 Feb 18 2025 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4632 Feb 18 2025 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Feb 18 2025 [ 2005 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2732 Feb 18 2025 [ 2006 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4808 Feb 18 2025 [ 2008 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1312 Feb 18 2025 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2088 Feb 18 2025 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1316 Feb 18 2025 [ 2014 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2364 Feb 18 2025 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11304 Feb 18 2025 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7172 Feb 18 2025 [ 2023 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6268 Feb 18 2025 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2448 Feb 18 2025 [ 2031 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7984 Feb 18 2025 [ 2033 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1512 Feb 18 2025 [ 2037 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3500 Feb 18 2025 [ 2038 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2256 Feb 18 2025 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2144 Feb 18 2025 [ 2042 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3672 Feb 18 2025 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2608 Feb 18 2025 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1288 Feb 18 2025 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2188 Feb 18 2025 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3668 Feb 18 2025 [ 2051 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1832 Feb 18 2025 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1676 Feb 18 2025 [ 2054 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1628 Feb 18 2025 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 50888 Feb 18 2025 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8648 Feb 18 2025 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15036 Feb 18 2025 [ 2086 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4064 Feb 18 2025 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4612 Feb 18 2025 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3688 Feb 18 2025 [ 2099 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3128 Feb 18 2025 [ 2101 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3192 Feb 18 2025 [ 2103 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3124 Feb 18 2025 [ 2105 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6996 Feb 18 2025 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9372 Feb 18 2025 [ 2111 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 628 Feb 18 2025 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1624 Feb 18 2025 [ 2117 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5208 Feb 18 2025 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5080 Feb 18 2025 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2424 Feb 18 2025 [ 2124 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6360 Feb 18 2025 [ 2126 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2116 Feb 18 2025 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2312 Feb 18 2025 [ 2132 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5504 Feb 18 2025 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2008 Feb 18 2025 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7080 Feb 18 2025 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2112 Feb 18 2025 [ 2142 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17328 Feb 18 2025 [ 2144 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3168 Feb 18 2025 [ 2153 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 202 Feb 18 2025 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4432 Feb 18 2025 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12212 Feb 18 2025 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5080 Feb 18 2025 [ 2165 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1272 Feb 18 2025 [ 2168 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2712 Feb 18 2025 [ 2169 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2244 Feb 18 2025 [ 2171 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5264 Feb 18 2025 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4592 Feb 18 2025 [ 2176 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1456 Feb 18 2025 [ 2179 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2320 Feb 18 2025 [ 2180 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1656 Feb 18 2025 [ 2182 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Feb 18 2025 [ 2183 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3556 Feb 18 2025 [ 2184 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8768 Feb 18 2025 [ 2186 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5216 Feb 18 2025 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5648 Feb 18 2025 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5328 Feb 18 2025 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6492 Feb 18 2025 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10368 Feb 18 2025 [ 2204 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3740 Feb 18 2025 [ 2210 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6904 Feb 18 2025 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Feb 18 2025 [ 2216 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2272 Feb 18 2025 [ 2217 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2632 Feb 18 2025 [ 2219 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1460 Feb 18 2025 [ 2221 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3560 Feb 18 2025 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9684 Feb 18 2025 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2604 Feb 18 2025 [ 2229 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4940 Feb 18 2025 [ 2231 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Feb 18 2025 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33 Feb 18 2025 [ 2236 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5928 Feb 18 2025 [ 2237 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5548 Feb 18 2025 [ 2240 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6020 Feb 18 2025 [ 2243 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5612 Feb 18 2025 [ 2246 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 21304 Feb 18 2025 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3976 Feb 18 2025 [ 2260 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4216 Feb 18 2025 [ 2262 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 Feb 18 2025 [ 2265 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1448 Feb 18 2025 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7960 Feb 18 2025 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27288 Feb 18 2025 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2084 Feb 18 2025 [ 2286 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Feb 18 2025 [ 2288 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14972 Feb 18 2025 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 40440 Feb 18 2025 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5468 Feb 18 2025 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6484 Feb 18 2025 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 45736 Feb 18 2025 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,325 +1,325 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Mar 23 2026 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Mar 23 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Feb 18 2025 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Feb 18 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 Mar 23 2026 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 Feb 18 2025 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Mar 23 2026 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7820 Mar 23 2026 [ 1228 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10576 Mar 23 2026 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1200 Mar 23 2026 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5644 Mar 23 2026 [ 1239 00] affs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6032 Mar 23 2026 [ 1242 00] afs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1508 Mar 23 2026 [ 1245 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15608 Mar 23 2026 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 Mar 23 2026 [ 1254 00] all_video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Mar 23 2026 [ 1255 00] aout.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2936 Mar 23 2026 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4116 Mar 23 2026 [ 1258 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5544 Mar 23 2026 [ 1261 00] ata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 Mar 23 2026 [ 1264 00] backtrace.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6748 Mar 23 2026 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4616 Mar 23 2026 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Mar 23 2026 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3600 Mar 23 2026 [ 1274 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2004 Mar 23 2026 [ 1276 00] blocklist.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2628 Mar 23 2026 [ 1277 00] boot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31176 Mar 23 2026 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Mar 23 2026 [ 1295 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19644 Mar 23 2026 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 Mar 23 2026 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2816 Mar 23 2026 [ 1309 00] cat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3852 Mar 23 2026 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3336 Mar 23 2026 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2440 Mar 23 2026 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 Mar 23 2026 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2752 Mar 23 2026 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3396 Mar 23 2026 [ 1320 00] chain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2944 Mar 23 2026 [ 1322 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1164 Mar 23 2026 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1824 Mar 23 2026 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2208 Mar 23 2026 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4580 Mar 23 2026 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3931 Mar 23 2026 [ 1331 00] command.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 Mar 23 2026 [ 1333 00] configfile.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2588 Mar 23 2026 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2668 Mar 23 2026 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1652 Mar 23 2026 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1552 Mar 23 2026 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 Mar 23 2026 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4896 Mar 23 2026 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14640 Mar 23 2026 [ 1345 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3584 Mar 23 2026 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1684 Mar 23 2026 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Mar 23 2026 [ 1356 00] date.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1720 Mar 23 2026 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2148 Mar 23 2026 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 Mar 23 2026 [ 1361 00] disk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9816 Mar 23 2026 [ 1363 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Mar 23 2026 [ 1368 00] div.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 Mar 23 2026 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1768 Mar 23 2026 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5296 Mar 23 2026 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 Mar 23 2026 [ 1376 00] echo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23624 Mar 23 2026 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7644 Mar 23 2026 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11048 Mar 23 2026 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16128 Mar 23 2026 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5824 Mar 23 2026 [ 1407 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31105 Mar 23 2026 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 Mar 23 2026 [ 1426 00] eval.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5972 Mar 23 2026 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 Mar 23 2026 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6056 Mar 23 2026 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4616 Mar 23 2026 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6432 Mar 23 2026 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6116 Mar 23 2026 [ 1441 00] fat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17100 Mar 23 2026 [ 1444 00] file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13840 Mar 23 2026 [ 1453 00] font.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Mar 23 2026 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 Mar 23 2026 [ 1462 00] fs.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2924 Mar 23 2026 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34144 Mar 23 2026 [ 1465 00] functional_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 Mar 23 2026 [ 1482 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7976 Mar 23 2026 [ 1483 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33532 Mar 23 2026 [ 1487 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16304 Mar 23 2026 [ 1504 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10516 Mar 23 2026 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19084 Mar 23 2026 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2180 Mar 23 2026 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2872 Mar 23 2026 [ 1530 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3024 Mar 23 2026 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3632 Mar 23 2026 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2260 Mar 23 2026 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19280 Mar 23 2026 [ 1538 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8200 Mar 23 2026 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1960 Mar 23 2026 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14772 Mar 23 2026 [ 1554 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17740 Mar 23 2026 [ 1562 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8536 Mar 23 2026 [ 1571 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4324 Mar 23 2026 [ 1576 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7724 Mar 23 2026 [ 1579 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13472 Mar 23 2026 [ 1583 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36800 Mar 23 2026 [ 1590 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24504 Mar 23 2026 [ 1608 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25096 Mar 23 2026 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5600 Mar 23 2026 [ 1633 00] geli.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4804 Mar 23 2026 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 39012 Mar 23 2026 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9872 Mar 23 2026 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Mar 23 2026 [ 1664 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4888 Mar 23 2026 [ 1666 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Mar 23 2026 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8740 Mar 23 2026 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4616 Mar 23 2026 [ 1676 00] halt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5164 Mar 23 2026 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6504 Mar 23 2026 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1140 Mar 23 2026 [ 1686 00] hello.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2584 Mar 23 2026 [ 1687 00] help.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 Mar 23 2026 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6864 Mar 23 2026 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8092 Mar 23 2026 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2940 Mar 23 2026 [ 1699 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5820 Mar 23 2026 [ 1701 00] http.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 Mar 23 2026 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2780 Mar 23 2026 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9132 Mar 23 2026 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6108 Mar 23 2026 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7720 Mar 23 2026 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4268 Mar 23 2026 [ 1720 00] json.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4968 Mar 23 2026 [ 1723 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 Mar 23 2026 [ 1726 00] keystatus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6252 Mar 23 2026 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14396 Mar 23 2026 [ 1731 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30056 Mar 23 2026 [ 1739 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13504 Mar 23 2026 [ 1754 00] linux.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5516 Mar 23 2026 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5744 Mar 23 2026 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3044 Mar 23 2026 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3864 Mar 23 2026 [ 1769 00] ls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4740 Mar 23 2026 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2236 Mar 23 2026 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1792 Mar 23 2026 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4768 Mar 23 2026 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3924 Mar 23 2026 [ 1780 00] luks.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14168 Mar 23 2026 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8452 Mar 23 2026 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4812 Mar 23 2026 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3212 Mar 23 2026 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7376 Mar 23 2026 [ 1799 00] macho.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2020 Mar 23 2026 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2104 Mar 23 2026 [ 1804 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1964 Mar 23 2026 [ 1806 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1880 Mar 23 2026 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1968 Mar 23 2026 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2788 Mar 23 2026 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3500 Mar 23 2026 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3576 Mar 23 2026 [ 1813 00] minix.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3708 Mar 23 2026 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3848 Mar 23 2026 [ 1817 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3632 Mar 23 2026 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3796 Mar 23 2026 [ 1821 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3716 Mar 23 2026 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8480 Mar 23 2026 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5786 Mar 23 2026 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2623 Mar 23 2026 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2316 Mar 23 2026 [ 1835 00] morse.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27452 Mar 23 2026 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2392 Mar 23 2026 [ 1851 00] msdospart.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1972 Mar 23 2026 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14900 Mar 23 2026 [ 1854 00] multiboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15932 Mar 23 2026 [ 1862 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4148 Mar 23 2026 [ 1870 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 58420 Mar 23 2026 [ 1873 00] net.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2812 Mar 23 2026 [ 1902 00] newc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6716 Mar 23 2026 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 114852 Mar 23 2026 [ 1908 00] normal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10616 Mar 23 2026 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4240 Mar 23 2026 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2504 Mar 23 2026 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2664 Mar 23 2026 [ 1976 00] odc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1440 Mar 23 2026 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10288 Mar 23 2026 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Mar 23 2026 [ 1985 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 Mar 23 2026 [ 1986 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 Mar 23 2026 [ 1987 00] part_apple.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Mar 23 2026 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1712 Mar 23 2026 [ 1991 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 Mar 23 2026 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 Mar 23 2026 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 Mar 23 2026 [ 1995 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 Mar 23 2026 [ 1997 00] part_plan.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1436 Mar 23 2026 [ 1998 00] part_sun.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Mar 23 2026 [ 1999 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 Mar 23 2026 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 Mar 23 2026 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4632 Mar 23 2026 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Mar 23 2026 [ 2005 00] password.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2732 Mar 23 2026 [ 2006 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4808 Mar 23 2026 [ 2008 00] pata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1312 Mar 23 2026 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 Mar 23 2026 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 Mar 23 2026 [ 2014 00] pci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 Mar 23 2026 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11304 Mar 23 2026 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7172 Mar 23 2026 [ 2023 00] plainmount.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6268 Mar 23 2026 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 Mar 23 2026 [ 2031 00] play.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7984 Mar 23 2026 [ 2033 00] png.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1512 Mar 23 2026 [ 2037 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3500 Mar 23 2026 [ 2038 00] probe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2256 Mar 23 2026 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 Mar 23 2026 [ 2042 00] progress.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3672 Mar 23 2026 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 Mar 23 2026 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1288 Mar 23 2026 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Mar 23 2026 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 Mar 23 2026 [ 2051 00] random.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 Mar 23 2026 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1676 Mar 23 2026 [ 2054 00] read.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1628 Mar 23 2026 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50888 Mar 23 2026 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8648 Mar 23 2026 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15036 Mar 23 2026 [ 2086 00] relocator.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4064 Mar 23 2026 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 Mar 23 2026 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3688 Mar 23 2026 [ 2099 00] search.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3128 Mar 23 2026 [ 2101 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 Mar 23 2026 [ 2103 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 Mar 23 2026 [ 2105 00] search_label.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6996 Mar 23 2026 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9372 Mar 23 2026 [ 2111 00] serial.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 Mar 23 2026 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 Mar 23 2026 [ 2117 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 Mar 23 2026 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5080 Mar 23 2026 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2424 Mar 23 2026 [ 2124 00] shift_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6360 Mar 23 2026 [ 2126 00] signature_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 Mar 23 2026 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2312 Mar 23 2026 [ 2132 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 Mar 23 2026 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2008 Mar 23 2026 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7080 Mar 23 2026 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 Mar 23 2026 [ 2142 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17328 Mar 23 2026 [ 2144 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3168 Mar 23 2026 [ 2153 00] tar.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 Mar 23 2026 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 Mar 23 2026 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12212 Mar 23 2026 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5080 Mar 23 2026 [ 2165 00] test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 Mar 23 2026 [ 2168 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2712 Mar 23 2026 [ 2169 00] testload.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2244 Mar 23 2026 [ 2171 00] testspeed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5264 Mar 23 2026 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 Mar 23 2026 [ 2176 00] tga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Mar 23 2026 [ 2179 00] time.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2320 Mar 23 2026 [ 2180 00] tr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1656 Mar 23 2026 [ 2182 00] trig.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 Mar 23 2026 [ 2183 00] true.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3556 Mar 23 2026 [ 2184 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8768 Mar 23 2026 [ 2186 00] udf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5216 Mar 23 2026 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5648 Mar 23 2026 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5328 Mar 23 2026 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6492 Mar 23 2026 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10368 Mar 23 2026 [ 2204 00] usb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Mar 23 2026 [ 2210 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6904 Mar 23 2026 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 Mar 23 2026 [ 2216 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 Mar 23 2026 [ 2217 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 Mar 23 2026 [ 2219 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 Mar 23 2026 [ 2221 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3560 Mar 23 2026 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9684 Mar 23 2026 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2604 Mar 23 2026 [ 2229 00] verifiers.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4940 Mar 23 2026 [ 2231 00] vga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2128 Mar 23 2026 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 Mar 23 2026 [ 2236 00] video.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5928 Mar 23 2026 [ 2237 00] video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5548 Mar 23 2026 [ 2240 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6020 Mar 23 2026 [ 2243 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5612 Mar 23 2026 [ 2246 00] video_colors.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21304 Mar 23 2026 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3976 Mar 23 2026 [ 2260 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 Mar 23 2026 [ 2262 00] videotest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Mar 23 2026 [ 2265 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 Mar 23 2026 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7960 Mar 23 2026 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27288 Mar 23 2026 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 Mar 23 2026 [ 2286 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 Mar 23 2026 [ 2288 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14972 Mar 23 2026 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40440 Mar 23 2026 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5468 Mar 23 2026 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 Mar 23 2026 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45736 Mar 23 2026 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Feb 18 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7820 Feb 18 2025 [ 1228 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10576 Feb 18 2025 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1200 Feb 18 2025 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5644 Feb 18 2025 [ 1239 00] affs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6032 Feb 18 2025 [ 1242 00] afs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1508 Feb 18 2025 [ 1245 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15608 Feb 18 2025 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 Feb 18 2025 [ 1254 00] all_video.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Feb 18 2025 [ 1255 00] aout.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2936 Feb 18 2025 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4116 Feb 18 2025 [ 1258 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5544 Feb 18 2025 [ 1261 00] ata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 Feb 18 2025 [ 1264 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6748 Feb 18 2025 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4616 Feb 18 2025 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Feb 18 2025 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3600 Feb 18 2025 [ 1274 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2004 Feb 18 2025 [ 1276 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2628 Feb 18 2025 [ 1277 00] boot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31176 Feb 18 2025 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Feb 18 2025 [ 1295 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19644 Feb 18 2025 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 Feb 18 2025 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2816 Feb 18 2025 [ 1309 00] cat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3852 Feb 18 2025 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3336 Feb 18 2025 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2440 Feb 18 2025 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 Feb 18 2025 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2752 Feb 18 2025 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3396 Feb 18 2025 [ 1320 00] chain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2944 Feb 18 2025 [ 1322 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1164 Feb 18 2025 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1824 Feb 18 2025 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2208 Feb 18 2025 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4580 Feb 18 2025 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3931 Feb 18 2025 [ 1331 00] command.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 Feb 18 2025 [ 1333 00] configfile.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2588 Feb 18 2025 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2668 Feb 18 2025 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1652 Feb 18 2025 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1552 Feb 18 2025 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 Feb 18 2025 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4896 Feb 18 2025 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14640 Feb 18 2025 [ 1345 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3584 Feb 18 2025 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1684 Feb 18 2025 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Feb 18 2025 [ 1356 00] date.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1720 Feb 18 2025 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2148 Feb 18 2025 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 Feb 18 2025 [ 1361 00] disk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9816 Feb 18 2025 [ 1363 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Feb 18 2025 [ 1368 00] div.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 Feb 18 2025 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1768 Feb 18 2025 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5296 Feb 18 2025 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 Feb 18 2025 [ 1376 00] echo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23624 Feb 18 2025 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7644 Feb 18 2025 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11048 Feb 18 2025 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16128 Feb 18 2025 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5824 Feb 18 2025 [ 1407 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31105 Feb 18 2025 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 Feb 18 2025 [ 1426 00] eval.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5972 Feb 18 2025 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 Feb 18 2025 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6056 Feb 18 2025 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4616 Feb 18 2025 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6432 Feb 18 2025 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6116 Feb 18 2025 [ 1441 00] fat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17100 Feb 18 2025 [ 1444 00] file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13840 Feb 18 2025 [ 1453 00] font.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Feb 18 2025 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 Feb 18 2025 [ 1462 00] fs.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2924 Feb 18 2025 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34144 Feb 18 2025 [ 1465 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 Feb 18 2025 [ 1482 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7976 Feb 18 2025 [ 1483 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33532 Feb 18 2025 [ 1487 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16304 Feb 18 2025 [ 1504 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10516 Feb 18 2025 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19084 Feb 18 2025 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2180 Feb 18 2025 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2872 Feb 18 2025 [ 1530 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3024 Feb 18 2025 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3632 Feb 18 2025 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2260 Feb 18 2025 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19280 Feb 18 2025 [ 1538 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8200 Feb 18 2025 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1960 Feb 18 2025 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14772 Feb 18 2025 [ 1554 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17740 Feb 18 2025 [ 1562 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8536 Feb 18 2025 [ 1571 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4324 Feb 18 2025 [ 1576 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7724 Feb 18 2025 [ 1579 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13472 Feb 18 2025 [ 1583 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36800 Feb 18 2025 [ 1590 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24504 Feb 18 2025 [ 1608 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25096 Feb 18 2025 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5600 Feb 18 2025 [ 1633 00] geli.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4804 Feb 18 2025 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 39012 Feb 18 2025 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9872 Feb 18 2025 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Feb 18 2025 [ 1664 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4888 Feb 18 2025 [ 1666 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Feb 18 2025 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8740 Feb 18 2025 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4616 Feb 18 2025 [ 1676 00] halt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5164 Feb 18 2025 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6504 Feb 18 2025 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1140 Feb 18 2025 [ 1686 00] hello.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2584 Feb 18 2025 [ 1687 00] help.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 Feb 18 2025 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6864 Feb 18 2025 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8092 Feb 18 2025 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2940 Feb 18 2025 [ 1699 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5820 Feb 18 2025 [ 1701 00] http.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 Feb 18 2025 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2780 Feb 18 2025 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9132 Feb 18 2025 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6108 Feb 18 2025 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7720 Feb 18 2025 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4268 Feb 18 2025 [ 1720 00] json.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4968 Feb 18 2025 [ 1723 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 Feb 18 2025 [ 1726 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6252 Feb 18 2025 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14396 Feb 18 2025 [ 1731 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30056 Feb 18 2025 [ 1739 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13504 Feb 18 2025 [ 1754 00] linux.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5516 Feb 18 2025 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5744 Feb 18 2025 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3044 Feb 18 2025 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3864 Feb 18 2025 [ 1769 00] ls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4740 Feb 18 2025 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2236 Feb 18 2025 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1792 Feb 18 2025 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4768 Feb 18 2025 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3924 Feb 18 2025 [ 1780 00] luks.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14168 Feb 18 2025 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8452 Feb 18 2025 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4812 Feb 18 2025 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3212 Feb 18 2025 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7376 Feb 18 2025 [ 1799 00] macho.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2020 Feb 18 2025 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2104 Feb 18 2025 [ 1804 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1964 Feb 18 2025 [ 1806 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1880 Feb 18 2025 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1968 Feb 18 2025 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2788 Feb 18 2025 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3500 Feb 18 2025 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3576 Feb 18 2025 [ 1813 00] minix.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3708 Feb 18 2025 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3848 Feb 18 2025 [ 1817 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3632 Feb 18 2025 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3796 Feb 18 2025 [ 1821 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3716 Feb 18 2025 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8480 Feb 18 2025 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5786 Feb 18 2025 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2621 Feb 18 2025 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2316 Feb 18 2025 [ 1835 00] morse.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27452 Feb 18 2025 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2392 Feb 18 2025 [ 1851 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1972 Feb 18 2025 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14900 Feb 18 2025 [ 1854 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15932 Feb 18 2025 [ 1862 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4148 Feb 18 2025 [ 1870 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 58420 Feb 18 2025 [ 1873 00] net.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2812 Feb 18 2025 [ 1902 00] newc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6716 Feb 18 2025 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 114852 Feb 18 2025 [ 1908 00] normal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10616 Feb 18 2025 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4240 Feb 18 2025 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2504 Feb 18 2025 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2664 Feb 18 2025 [ 1976 00] odc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1440 Feb 18 2025 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10288 Feb 18 2025 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Feb 18 2025 [ 1985 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 Feb 18 2025 [ 1986 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 Feb 18 2025 [ 1987 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Feb 18 2025 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1712 Feb 18 2025 [ 1991 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 Feb 18 2025 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 Feb 18 2025 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 Feb 18 2025 [ 1995 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 Feb 18 2025 [ 1997 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1436 Feb 18 2025 [ 1998 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Feb 18 2025 [ 1999 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 Feb 18 2025 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 Feb 18 2025 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4632 Feb 18 2025 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Feb 18 2025 [ 2005 00] password.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2732 Feb 18 2025 [ 2006 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4808 Feb 18 2025 [ 2008 00] pata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1312 Feb 18 2025 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 Feb 18 2025 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 Feb 18 2025 [ 2014 00] pci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 Feb 18 2025 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11304 Feb 18 2025 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7172 Feb 18 2025 [ 2023 00] plainmount.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6268 Feb 18 2025 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 Feb 18 2025 [ 2031 00] play.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7984 Feb 18 2025 [ 2033 00] png.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1512 Feb 18 2025 [ 2037 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3500 Feb 18 2025 [ 2038 00] probe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2256 Feb 18 2025 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 Feb 18 2025 [ 2042 00] progress.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3672 Feb 18 2025 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 Feb 18 2025 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1288 Feb 18 2025 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Feb 18 2025 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 Feb 18 2025 [ 2051 00] random.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 Feb 18 2025 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1676 Feb 18 2025 [ 2054 00] read.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1628 Feb 18 2025 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50888 Feb 18 2025 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8648 Feb 18 2025 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15036 Feb 18 2025 [ 2086 00] relocator.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4064 Feb 18 2025 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 Feb 18 2025 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3688 Feb 18 2025 [ 2099 00] search.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3128 Feb 18 2025 [ 2101 00] search_fs_file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 Feb 18 2025 [ 2103 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 Feb 18 2025 [ 2105 00] search_label.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6996 Feb 18 2025 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9372 Feb 18 2025 [ 2111 00] serial.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 Feb 18 2025 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 Feb 18 2025 [ 2117 00] setjmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 Feb 18 2025 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5080 Feb 18 2025 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2424 Feb 18 2025 [ 2124 00] shift_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6360 Feb 18 2025 [ 2126 00] signature_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 Feb 18 2025 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2312 Feb 18 2025 [ 2132 00] sleep_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 Feb 18 2025 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2008 Feb 18 2025 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7080 Feb 18 2025 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 Feb 18 2025 [ 2142 00] strtoull_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17328 Feb 18 2025 [ 2144 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3168 Feb 18 2025 [ 2153 00] tar.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 Feb 18 2025 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 Feb 18 2025 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12212 Feb 18 2025 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5080 Feb 18 2025 [ 2165 00] test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 Feb 18 2025 [ 2168 00] test_blockarg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2712 Feb 18 2025 [ 2169 00] testload.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2244 Feb 18 2025 [ 2171 00] testspeed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5264 Feb 18 2025 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 Feb 18 2025 [ 2176 00] tga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Feb 18 2025 [ 2179 00] time.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2320 Feb 18 2025 [ 2180 00] tr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1656 Feb 18 2025 [ 2182 00] trig.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 Feb 18 2025 [ 2183 00] true.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3556 Feb 18 2025 [ 2184 00] truecrypt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8768 Feb 18 2025 [ 2186 00] udf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5216 Feb 18 2025 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5648 Feb 18 2025 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5328 Feb 18 2025 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6492 Feb 18 2025 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10368 Feb 18 2025 [ 2204 00] usb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Feb 18 2025 [ 2210 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6904 Feb 18 2025 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 Feb 18 2025 [ 2216 00] usbserial_common.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 Feb 18 2025 [ 2217 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 Feb 18 2025 [ 2219 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 Feb 18 2025 [ 2221 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3560 Feb 18 2025 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9684 Feb 18 2025 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2604 Feb 18 2025 [ 2229 00] verifiers.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4940 Feb 18 2025 [ 2231 00] vga.mod 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boot/grub/i386-pc/part_gpt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/part_msdos.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/part_plan.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1436 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/part_sun.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/part_sunpc.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/partmap.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/parttool.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4632 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/parttool.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/password.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2732 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/password_pbkdf2.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4808 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pata.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1312 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pbkdf2.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pbkdf2_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pcidump.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11304 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pgp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7172 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/plainmount.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6268 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/plan9.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/play.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7984 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/png.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1512 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/priority_queue.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3500 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/probe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2256 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/procfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/progress.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3672 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pxe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pxechain.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1288 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/raid5rec.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/raid6rec.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/random.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/rdmsr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1676 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/read.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1628 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/reboot.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50888 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/regexp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8648 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/reiserfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15036 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/relocator.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4064 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/romfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/scsi.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3688 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3128 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_fs_file.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_fs_uuid.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_label.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6996 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sendkey.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9372 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/serial.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setjmp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setjmp_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setpci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5080 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2424 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/shift_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6360 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/signature_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2312 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/smbios.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2008 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/spkmodem.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7080 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/squash4.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/strtoull_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17328 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/syslinuxcfg.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3168 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tar.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12212 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5080 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test_blockarg.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2712 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testload.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2244 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testspeed.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5264 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tftp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/time.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2320 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1656 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/trig.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/true.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3556 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/truecrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8768 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/udf.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5216 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5648 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1_be.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5328 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs2.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6492 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/uhci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10368 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb_keyboard.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6904 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbms.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_common.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_ftdi.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_pl2303.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_usbdebug.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3560 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbtest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9684 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vbe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2604 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/verifiers.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4940 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2128 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga_text.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5928 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5548 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_bochs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6020 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_cirrus.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5612 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_colors.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21304 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3976 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7960 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27288 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14972 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40440 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5468 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45736 2025-02-18 10:35:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 Mar 23 2026 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Mar 23 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 Feb 18 2025 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Feb 18 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Mar 23 2026 [ 24 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 3584 Mar 23 2026 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4324 Mar 23 2026 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 552 Mar 23 2026 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2672 Mar 23 2026 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3192 Mar 23 2026 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 836 Mar 23 2026 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5056 Mar 23 2026 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 240 Mar 23 2026 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 500 Mar 23 2026 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 Mar 23 2026 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2024 Mar 23 2026 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2708 Mar 23 2026 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 756 Mar 23 2026 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3608 Mar 23 2026 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2532 Mar 23 2026 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1156 Mar 23 2026 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2028 Mar 23 2026 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1084 Mar 23 2026 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1188 Mar 23 2026 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12536 Mar 23 2026 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1064 Mar 23 2026 [ 86 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9148 Mar 23 2026 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1108 Mar 23 2026 [ 92 00] bufio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1364 Mar 23 2026 [ 93 00] cat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1856 Mar 23 2026 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1184 Mar 23 2026 [ 95 00] cbls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 Mar 23 2026 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 544 Mar 23 2026 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1116 Mar 23 2026 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1576 Mar 23 2026 [ 99 00] chain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1164 Mar 23 2026 [ 100 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 568 Mar 23 2026 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 860 Mar 23 2026 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1016 Mar 23 2026 [ 103 00] cmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1788 Mar 23 2026 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1476 Mar 23 2026 [ 105 00] command.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 852 Mar 23 2026 [ 106 00] configfi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1256 Mar 23 2026 [ 107 00] cpio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1296 Mar 23 2026 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 724 Mar 23 2026 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 784 Mar 23 2026 [ 110 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 420 Mar 23 2026 [ 111 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2320 Mar 23 2026 [ 112 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6768 Mar 23 2026 [ 114 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1480 Mar 23 2026 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 816 Mar 23 2026 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1028 Mar 23 2026 [ 120 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 716 Mar 23 2026 [ 121 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1100 Mar 23 2026 [ 122 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1308 Mar 23 2026 [ 123 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5280 Mar 23 2026 [ 124 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 508 Mar 23 2026 [ 127 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2236 Mar 23 2026 [ 128 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 844 Mar 23 2026 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2416 Mar 23 2026 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 892 Mar 23 2026 [ 133 00] echo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9388 Mar 23 2026 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3196 Mar 23 2026 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3748 Mar 23 2026 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6056 Mar 23 2026 [ 143 00] ehci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2472 Mar 23 2026 [ 146 00] elf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 48566 Mar 23 2026 [ 148 00] eltorito.img;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 656 Mar 23 2026 [ 172 00] eval.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3380 Mar 23 2026 [ 173 00] exfat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 560 Mar 23 2026 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3200 Mar 23 2026 [ 176 00] ext2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2436 Mar 23 2026 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3380 Mar 23 2026 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3580 Mar 23 2026 [ 182 00] fat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5856 Mar 23 2026 [ 184 00] file.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6588 Mar 23 2026 [ 187 00] font.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1164 Mar 23 2026 [ 191 00] freedos.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 208 Mar 23 2026 [ 192 00] fs.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 Mar 23 2026 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8520 Mar 23 2026 [ 194 00] function.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 792 Mar 23 2026 [ 199 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5516 Mar 23 2026 [ 200 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8428 Mar 23 2026 [ 203 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10644 Mar 23 2026 [ 208 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8612 Mar 23 2026 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4080 Mar 23 2026 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 944 Mar 23 2026 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1512 Mar 23 2026 [ 222 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1440 Mar 23 2026 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 Mar 23 2026 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1308 Mar 23 2026 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7540 Mar 23 2026 [ 226 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2732 Mar 23 2026 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 892 Mar 23 2026 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4508 Mar 23 2026 [ 233 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5336 Mar 23 2026 [ 236 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3156 Mar 23 2026 [ 239 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2088 Mar 23 2026 [ 241 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2956 Mar 23 2026 [ 243 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10688 Mar 23 2026 [ 245 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9848 Mar 23 2026 [ 251 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6056 Mar 23 2026 [ 256 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3780 Mar 23 2026 [ 259 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2552 Mar 23 2026 [ 261 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 Mar 23 2026 [ 263 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15588 Mar 23 2026 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3880 Mar 23 2026 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Mar 23 2026 [ 275 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1852 Mar 23 2026 [ 276 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1816 Mar 23 2026 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4504 Mar 23 2026 [ 278 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2196 Mar 23 2026 [ 281 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2132 Mar 23 2026 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2888 Mar 23 2026 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 496 Mar 23 2026 [ 287 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1264 Mar 23 2026 [ 288 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1452 Mar 23 2026 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3736 Mar 23 2026 [ 290 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4132 Mar 23 2026 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1524 Mar 23 2026 [ 295 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2728 Mar 23 2026 [ 296 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1168 Mar 23 2026 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Mar 23 2026 [ 299 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4704 Mar 23 2026 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3324 Mar 23 2026 [ 303 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3968 Mar 23 2026 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2532 Mar 23 2026 [ 307 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1404 Mar 23 2026 [ 309 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 772 Mar 23 2026 [ 310 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2908 Mar 23 2026 [ 311 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 908 Mar 23 2026 [ 313 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11064 Mar 23 2026 [ 314 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6148 Mar 23 2026 [ 320 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2616 Mar 23 2026 [ 324 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2828 Mar 23 2026 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1364 Mar 23 2026 [ 328 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1684 Mar 23 2026 [ 329 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2072 Mar 23 2026 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 Mar 23 2026 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 812 Mar 23 2026 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 Mar 23 2026 [ 334 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1828 Mar 23 2026 [ 335 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5936 Mar 23 2026 [ 336 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3940 Mar 23 2026 [ 339 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2720 Mar 23 2026 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1596 Mar 23 2026 [ 343 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3240 Mar 23 2026 [ 344 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 976 Mar 23 2026 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 940 Mar 23 2026 [ 347 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 964 Mar 23 2026 [ 348 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 916 Mar 23 2026 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 900 Mar 23 2026 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1132 Mar 23 2026 [ 351 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1544 Mar 23 2026 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2004 Mar 23 2026 [ 353 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2104 Mar 23 2026 [ 354 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2160 Mar 23 2026 [ 356 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2044 Mar 23 2026 [ 358 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2120 Mar 23 2026 [ 359 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2076 Mar 23 2026 [ 361 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4136 Mar 23 2026 [ 363 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 Mar 23 2026 [ 366 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1288 Mar 23 2026 [ 368 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 716 Mar 23 2026 [ 369 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12568 Mar 23 2026 [ 370 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1080 Mar 23 2026 [ 377 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 948 Mar 23 2026 [ 378 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6704 Mar 23 2026 [ 379 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7072 Mar 23 2026 [ 383 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 Mar 23 2026 [ 387 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 25232 Mar 23 2026 [ 388 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1380 Mar 23 2026 [ 401 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3348 Mar 23 2026 [ 402 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 44672 Mar 23 2026 [ 404 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5776 Mar 23 2026 [ 426 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2452 Mar 23 2026 [ 429 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1076 Mar 23 2026 [ 431 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1300 Mar 23 2026 [ 432 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 692 Mar 23 2026 [ 433 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4448 Mar 23 2026 [ 434 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 816 Mar 23 2026 [ 437 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 900 Mar 23 2026 [ 438 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 Mar 23 2026 [ 439 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1276 Mar 23 2026 [ 440 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 860 Mar 23 2026 [ 441 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 708 Mar 23 2026 [ 442 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 Mar 23 2026 [ 443 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1204 Mar 23 2026 [ 444 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 852 Mar 23 2026 [ 445 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 732 Mar 23 2026 [ 446 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 776 Mar 23 2026 [ 447 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 120 Mar 23 2026 [ 448 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 72 Mar 23 2026 [ 449 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2096 Mar 23 2026 [ 450 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 836 Mar 23 2026 [ 452 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1304 Mar 23 2026 [ 453 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2340 Mar 23 2026 [ 454 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 688 Mar 23 2026 [ 456 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 928 Mar 23 2026 [ 457 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 724 Mar 23 2026 [ 458 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Mar 23 2026 [ 459 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4720 Mar 23 2026 [ 460 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3092 Mar 23 2026 [ 463 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3028 Mar 23 2026 [ 465 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1224 Mar 23 2026 [ 467 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4100 Mar 23 2026 [ 468 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 800 Mar 23 2026 [ 471 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1472 Mar 23 2026 [ 472 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 Mar 23 2026 [ 473 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 Mar 23 2026 [ 474 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1552 Mar 23 2026 [ 475 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1136 Mar 23 2026 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 700 Mar 23 2026 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1228 Mar 23 2026 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1752 Mar 23 2026 [ 479 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 852 Mar 23 2026 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 736 Mar 23 2026 [ 481 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 740 Mar 23 2026 [ 482 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 26996 Mar 23 2026 [ 483 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4276 Mar 23 2026 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6716 Mar 23 2026 [ 500 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2156 Mar 23 2026 [ 504 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2280 Mar 23 2026 [ 506 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1424 Mar 23 2026 [ 508 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1520 Mar 23 2026 [ 509 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1616 Mar 23 2026 [ 510 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1524 Mar 23 2026 [ 511 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2584 Mar 23 2026 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3960 Mar 23 2026 [ 514 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 304 Mar 23 2026 [ 516 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 680 Mar 23 2026 [ 517 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2212 Mar 23 2026 [ 518 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2596 Mar 23 2026 [ 520 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Mar 23 2026 [ 522 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4272 Mar 23 2026 [ 523 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 916 Mar 23 2026 [ 526 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 Mar 23 2026 [ 527 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2340 Mar 23 2026 [ 528 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 808 Mar 23 2026 [ 530 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3752 Mar 23 2026 [ 531 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 920 Mar 23 2026 [ 533 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7192 Mar 23 2026 [ 534 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1544 Mar 23 2026 [ 538 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 168 Mar 23 2026 [ 539 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1764 Mar 23 2026 [ 540 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5148 Mar 23 2026 [ 541 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2228 Mar 23 2026 [ 544 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 580 Mar 23 2026 [ 546 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1252 Mar 23 2026 [ 547 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1024 Mar 23 2026 [ 548 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2288 Mar 23 2026 [ 549 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1804 Mar 23 2026 [ 551 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 688 Mar 23 2026 [ 552 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1084 Mar 23 2026 [ 553 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 788 Mar 23 2026 [ 554 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 504 Mar 23 2026 [ 555 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1556 Mar 23 2026 [ 556 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4536 Mar 23 2026 [ 557 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2620 Mar 23 2026 [ 560 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2840 Mar 23 2026 [ 562 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2716 Mar 23 2026 [ 564 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2976 Mar 23 2026 [ 566 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5164 Mar 23 2026 [ 568 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1812 Mar 23 2026 [ 571 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2816 Mar 23 2026 [ 572 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 964 Mar 23 2026 [ 574 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1008 Mar 23 2026 [ 575 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1064 Mar 23 2026 [ 576 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 620 Mar 23 2026 [ 577 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1788 Mar 23 2026 [ 578 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4100 Mar 23 2026 [ 579 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1288 Mar 23 2026 [ 582 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1892 Mar 23 2026 [ 583 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1016 Mar 23 2026 [ 584 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 88 Mar 23 2026 [ 585 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2312 Mar 23 2026 [ 586 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 Mar 23 2026 [ 588 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2328 Mar 23 2026 [ 590 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2276 Mar 23 2026 [ 592 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9324 Mar 23 2026 [ 594 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1708 Mar 23 2026 [ 599 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1656 Mar 23 2026 [ 600 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 888 Mar 23 2026 [ 601 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 728 Mar 23 2026 [ 602 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4004 Mar 23 2026 [ 603 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11332 Mar 23 2026 [ 605 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 972 Mar 23 2026 [ 611 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 812 Mar 23 2026 [ 612 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8084 Mar 23 2026 [ 613 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19004 Mar 23 2026 [ 617 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2728 Mar 23 2026 [ 627 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2540 Mar 23 2026 [ 629 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19316 Mar 23 2026 [ 631 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Feb 18 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 3584 Feb 18 2025 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4324 Feb 18 2025 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 552 Feb 18 2025 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2672 Feb 18 2025 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3192 Feb 18 2025 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 836 Feb 18 2025 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5056 Feb 18 2025 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 240 Feb 18 2025 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 500 Feb 18 2025 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 Feb 18 2025 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2024 Feb 18 2025 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2708 Feb 18 2025 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 756 Feb 18 2025 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3608 Feb 18 2025 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2532 Feb 18 2025 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1156 Feb 18 2025 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2028 Feb 18 2025 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1084 Feb 18 2025 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1188 Feb 18 2025 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12536 Feb 18 2025 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1064 Feb 18 2025 [ 86 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9148 Feb 18 2025 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1108 Feb 18 2025 [ 92 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1364 Feb 18 2025 [ 93 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1856 Feb 18 2025 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1184 Feb 18 2025 [ 95 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Feb 18 2025 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 544 Feb 18 2025 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1116 Feb 18 2025 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1576 Feb 18 2025 [ 99 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 Feb 18 2025 [ 100 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 568 Feb 18 2025 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 860 Feb 18 2025 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1016 Feb 18 2025 [ 103 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1788 Feb 18 2025 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1476 Feb 18 2025 [ 105 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 852 Feb 18 2025 [ 106 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1256 Feb 18 2025 [ 107 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1296 Feb 18 2025 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 724 Feb 18 2025 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 784 Feb 18 2025 [ 110 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 420 Feb 18 2025 [ 111 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2320 Feb 18 2025 [ 112 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6768 Feb 18 2025 [ 114 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1480 Feb 18 2025 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 816 Feb 18 2025 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1028 Feb 18 2025 [ 120 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 716 Feb 18 2025 [ 121 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1100 Feb 18 2025 [ 122 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1308 Feb 18 2025 [ 123 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5280 Feb 18 2025 [ 124 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 508 Feb 18 2025 [ 127 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2236 Feb 18 2025 [ 128 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 844 Feb 18 2025 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2416 Feb 18 2025 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 892 Feb 18 2025 [ 133 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9388 Feb 18 2025 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3196 Feb 18 2025 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3748 Feb 18 2025 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6056 Feb 18 2025 [ 143 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2472 Feb 18 2025 [ 146 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 48566 Feb 18 2025 [ 148 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 656 Feb 18 2025 [ 172 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3380 Feb 18 2025 [ 173 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 560 Feb 18 2025 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3200 Feb 18 2025 [ 176 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2436 Feb 18 2025 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3380 Feb 18 2025 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3580 Feb 18 2025 [ 182 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5856 Feb 18 2025 [ 184 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6588 Feb 18 2025 [ 187 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 Feb 18 2025 [ 191 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 208 Feb 18 2025 [ 192 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 Feb 18 2025 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8520 Feb 18 2025 [ 194 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 792 Feb 18 2025 [ 199 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5516 Feb 18 2025 [ 200 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8428 Feb 18 2025 [ 203 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10644 Feb 18 2025 [ 208 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8612 Feb 18 2025 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4080 Feb 18 2025 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 944 Feb 18 2025 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1512 Feb 18 2025 [ 222 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1440 Feb 18 2025 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Feb 18 2025 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1308 Feb 18 2025 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7540 Feb 18 2025 [ 226 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2732 Feb 18 2025 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 892 Feb 18 2025 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4508 Feb 18 2025 [ 233 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5336 Feb 18 2025 [ 236 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3156 Feb 18 2025 [ 239 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2088 Feb 18 2025 [ 241 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2956 Feb 18 2025 [ 243 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10688 Feb 18 2025 [ 245 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9848 Feb 18 2025 [ 251 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6056 Feb 18 2025 [ 256 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3780 Feb 18 2025 [ 259 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2552 Feb 18 2025 [ 261 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Feb 18 2025 [ 263 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15588 Feb 18 2025 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3880 Feb 18 2025 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Feb 18 2025 [ 275 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1852 Feb 18 2025 [ 276 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1816 Feb 18 2025 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4504 Feb 18 2025 [ 278 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2196 Feb 18 2025 [ 281 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2132 Feb 18 2025 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2888 Feb 18 2025 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 496 Feb 18 2025 [ 287 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1264 Feb 18 2025 [ 288 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1452 Feb 18 2025 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3736 Feb 18 2025 [ 290 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4132 Feb 18 2025 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1524 Feb 18 2025 [ 295 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2728 Feb 18 2025 [ 296 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1168 Feb 18 2025 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Feb 18 2025 [ 299 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4704 Feb 18 2025 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3324 Feb 18 2025 [ 303 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3968 Feb 18 2025 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2532 Feb 18 2025 [ 307 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1404 Feb 18 2025 [ 309 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 772 Feb 18 2025 [ 310 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2908 Feb 18 2025 [ 311 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 908 Feb 18 2025 [ 313 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11064 Feb 18 2025 [ 314 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6148 Feb 18 2025 [ 320 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2616 Feb 18 2025 [ 324 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2828 Feb 18 2025 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1364 Feb 18 2025 [ 328 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1684 Feb 18 2025 [ 329 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2072 Feb 18 2025 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Feb 18 2025 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 812 Feb 18 2025 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 Feb 18 2025 [ 334 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1828 Feb 18 2025 [ 335 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5936 Feb 18 2025 [ 336 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3940 Feb 18 2025 [ 339 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2720 Feb 18 2025 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1596 Feb 18 2025 [ 343 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3240 Feb 18 2025 [ 344 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 976 Feb 18 2025 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 940 Feb 18 2025 [ 347 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 964 Feb 18 2025 [ 348 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 916 Feb 18 2025 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 900 Feb 18 2025 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1132 Feb 18 2025 [ 351 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1544 Feb 18 2025 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2004 Feb 18 2025 [ 353 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2104 Feb 18 2025 [ 354 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2160 Feb 18 2025 [ 356 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2044 Feb 18 2025 [ 358 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2120 Feb 18 2025 [ 359 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2076 Feb 18 2025 [ 361 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4136 Feb 18 2025 [ 363 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Feb 18 2025 [ 366 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1288 Feb 18 2025 [ 368 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 716 Feb 18 2025 [ 369 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12568 Feb 18 2025 [ 370 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1080 Feb 18 2025 [ 377 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 948 Feb 18 2025 [ 378 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6704 Feb 18 2025 [ 379 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7072 Feb 18 2025 [ 383 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Feb 18 2025 [ 387 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25232 Feb 18 2025 [ 388 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1380 Feb 18 2025 [ 401 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3348 Feb 18 2025 [ 402 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 44672 Feb 18 2025 [ 404 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5776 Feb 18 2025 [ 426 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2452 Feb 18 2025 [ 429 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1076 Feb 18 2025 [ 431 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1300 Feb 18 2025 [ 432 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 692 Feb 18 2025 [ 433 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4448 Feb 18 2025 [ 434 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 816 Feb 18 2025 [ 437 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 900 Feb 18 2025 [ 438 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Feb 18 2025 [ 439 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1276 Feb 18 2025 [ 440 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 860 Feb 18 2025 [ 441 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 708 Feb 18 2025 [ 442 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Feb 18 2025 [ 443 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1204 Feb 18 2025 [ 444 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 852 Feb 18 2025 [ 445 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 732 Feb 18 2025 [ 446 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 776 Feb 18 2025 [ 447 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 120 Feb 18 2025 [ 448 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 72 Feb 18 2025 [ 449 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2096 Feb 18 2025 [ 450 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 836 Feb 18 2025 [ 452 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1304 Feb 18 2025 [ 453 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2340 Feb 18 2025 [ 454 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 688 Feb 18 2025 [ 456 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 928 Feb 18 2025 [ 457 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 724 Feb 18 2025 [ 458 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Feb 18 2025 [ 459 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4720 Feb 18 2025 [ 460 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3092 Feb 18 2025 [ 463 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3028 Feb 18 2025 [ 465 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1224 Feb 18 2025 [ 467 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4100 Feb 18 2025 [ 468 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 800 Feb 18 2025 [ 471 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1472 Feb 18 2025 [ 472 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Feb 18 2025 [ 473 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Feb 18 2025 [ 474 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1552 Feb 18 2025 [ 475 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1136 Feb 18 2025 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 700 Feb 18 2025 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1228 Feb 18 2025 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1752 Feb 18 2025 [ 479 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 852 Feb 18 2025 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 736 Feb 18 2025 [ 481 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 740 Feb 18 2025 [ 482 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 26996 Feb 18 2025 [ 483 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4276 Feb 18 2025 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6716 Feb 18 2025 [ 500 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2156 Feb 18 2025 [ 504 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 Feb 18 2025 [ 506 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1424 Feb 18 2025 [ 508 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1520 Feb 18 2025 [ 509 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1616 Feb 18 2025 [ 510 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1524 Feb 18 2025 [ 511 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2584 Feb 18 2025 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3960 Feb 18 2025 [ 514 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 304 Feb 18 2025 [ 516 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 680 Feb 18 2025 [ 517 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2212 Feb 18 2025 [ 518 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2596 Feb 18 2025 [ 520 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Feb 18 2025 [ 522 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4272 Feb 18 2025 [ 523 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 916 Feb 18 2025 [ 526 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Feb 18 2025 [ 527 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2340 Feb 18 2025 [ 528 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 808 Feb 18 2025 [ 530 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3752 Feb 18 2025 [ 531 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 920 Feb 18 2025 [ 533 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7192 Feb 18 2025 [ 534 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1544 Feb 18 2025 [ 538 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 168 Feb 18 2025 [ 539 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1764 Feb 18 2025 [ 540 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5148 Feb 18 2025 [ 541 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2228 Feb 18 2025 [ 544 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 580 Feb 18 2025 [ 546 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1252 Feb 18 2025 [ 547 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1024 Feb 18 2025 [ 548 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2288 Feb 18 2025 [ 549 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1804 Feb 18 2025 [ 551 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 688 Feb 18 2025 [ 552 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1084 Feb 18 2025 [ 553 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 788 Feb 18 2025 [ 554 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 504 Feb 18 2025 [ 555 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1556 Feb 18 2025 [ 556 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4536 Feb 18 2025 [ 557 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2620 Feb 18 2025 [ 560 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2840 Feb 18 2025 [ 562 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2716 Feb 18 2025 [ 564 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2976 Feb 18 2025 [ 566 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5164 Feb 18 2025 [ 568 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1812 Feb 18 2025 [ 571 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2816 Feb 18 2025 [ 572 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 964 Feb 18 2025 [ 574 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1008 Feb 18 2025 [ 575 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1064 Feb 18 2025 [ 576 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 620 Feb 18 2025 [ 577 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1788 Feb 18 2025 [ 578 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4100 Feb 18 2025 [ 579 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1288 Feb 18 2025 [ 582 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1892 Feb 18 2025 [ 583 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1016 Feb 18 2025 [ 584 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 88 Feb 18 2025 [ 585 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2312 Feb 18 2025 [ 586 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Feb 18 2025 [ 588 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2328 Feb 18 2025 [ 590 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2276 Feb 18 2025 [ 592 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9324 Feb 18 2025 [ 594 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1708 Feb 18 2025 [ 599 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1656 Feb 18 2025 [ 600 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 888 Feb 18 2025 [ 601 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 728 Feb 18 2025 [ 602 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4004 Feb 18 2025 [ 603 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11332 Feb 18 2025 [ 605 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 972 Feb 18 2025 [ 611 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 812 Feb 18 2025 [ 612 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8084 Feb 18 2025 [ 613 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19004 Feb 18 2025 [ 617 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2728 Feb 18 2025 [ 627 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2540 Feb 18 2025 [ 629 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19316 Feb 18 2025 [ 631 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Mar 23 2026 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Mar 23 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Feb 18 2025 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Feb 18 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Mar 23 2026 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Mar 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3584 Mar 23 2026 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4324 Mar 23 2026 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 552 Mar 23 2026 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2672 Mar 23 2026 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3192 Mar 23 2026 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 Mar 23 2026 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5056 Mar 23 2026 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 240 Mar 23 2026 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 Mar 23 2026 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1588 Mar 23 2026 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2024 Mar 23 2026 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2708 Mar 23 2026 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 756 Mar 23 2026 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3608 Mar 23 2026 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Mar 23 2026 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1156 Mar 23 2026 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2028 Mar 23 2026 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1084 Mar 23 2026 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1188 Mar 23 2026 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12536 Mar 23 2026 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1064 Mar 23 2026 [ 86 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9148 Mar 23 2026 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 Mar 23 2026 [ 92 00] bufio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1364 Mar 23 2026 [ 93 00] cat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1856 Mar 23 2026 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1184 Mar 23 2026 [ 95 00] cbls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Mar 23 2026 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 544 Mar 23 2026 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1116 Mar 23 2026 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1576 Mar 23 2026 [ 99 00] chain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Mar 23 2026 [ 100 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 568 Mar 23 2026 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Mar 23 2026 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 Mar 23 2026 [ 103 00] cmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 Mar 23 2026 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1476 Mar 23 2026 [ 105 00] command.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Mar 23 2026 [ 106 00] configfile.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1256 Mar 23 2026 [ 107 00] cpio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1296 Mar 23 2026 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Mar 23 2026 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 784 Mar 23 2026 [ 110 00] crc64.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 420 Mar 23 2026 [ 111 00] crypto.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2320 Mar 23 2026 [ 112 00] crypto.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6768 Mar 23 2026 [ 114 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1480 Mar 23 2026 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Mar 23 2026 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1028 Mar 23 2026 [ 120 00] date.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 Mar 23 2026 [ 121 00] datehook.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1100 Mar 23 2026 [ 122 00] datetime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1308 Mar 23 2026 [ 123 00] disk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5280 Mar 23 2026 [ 124 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 508 Mar 23 2026 [ 127 00] div.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2236 Mar 23 2026 [ 128 00] div_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 Mar 23 2026 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2416 Mar 23 2026 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Mar 23 2026 [ 133 00] echo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9388 Mar 23 2026 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3196 Mar 23 2026 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3748 Mar 23 2026 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 Mar 23 2026 [ 143 00] ehci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2472 Mar 23 2026 [ 146 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 48566 Mar 23 2026 [ 148 00] eltorito.img \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 656 Mar 23 2026 [ 172 00] eval.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 Mar 23 2026 [ 173 00] exfat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 560 Mar 23 2026 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3200 Mar 23 2026 [ 176 00] ext2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2436 Mar 23 2026 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 Mar 23 2026 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3580 Mar 23 2026 [ 182 00] fat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5856 Mar 23 2026 [ 184 00] file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6588 Mar 23 2026 [ 187 00] font.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Mar 23 2026 [ 191 00] freedos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 208 Mar 23 2026 [ 192 00] fs.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Mar 23 2026 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8520 Mar 23 2026 [ 194 00] functional_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 792 Mar 23 2026 [ 199 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5516 Mar 23 2026 [ 200 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8428 Mar 23 2026 [ 203 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10644 Mar 23 2026 [ 208 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8612 Mar 23 2026 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4080 Mar 23 2026 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 944 Mar 23 2026 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1512 Mar 23 2026 [ 222 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1440 Mar 23 2026 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1820 Mar 23 2026 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1308 Mar 23 2026 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7540 Mar 23 2026 [ 226 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 Mar 23 2026 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Mar 23 2026 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4508 Mar 23 2026 [ 233 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5336 Mar 23 2026 [ 236 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3156 Mar 23 2026 [ 239 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2088 Mar 23 2026 [ 241 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2956 Mar 23 2026 [ 243 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10688 Mar 23 2026 [ 245 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9848 Mar 23 2026 [ 251 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 Mar 23 2026 [ 256 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3780 Mar 23 2026 [ 259 00] gdb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2552 Mar 23 2026 [ 261 00] geli.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Mar 23 2026 [ 263 00] gettext.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15588 Mar 23 2026 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3880 Mar 23 2026 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Mar 23 2026 [ 275 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1852 Mar 23 2026 [ 276 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1816 Mar 23 2026 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4504 Mar 23 2026 [ 278 00] gzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2196 Mar 23 2026 [ 281 00] halt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Mar 23 2026 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2888 Mar 23 2026 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 496 Mar 23 2026 [ 287 00] hello.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1264 Mar 23 2026 [ 288 00] help.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1452 Mar 23 2026 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3736 Mar 23 2026 [ 290 00] hfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4132 Mar 23 2026 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1524 Mar 23 2026 [ 295 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 Mar 23 2026 [ 296 00] http.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1168 Mar 23 2026 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Mar 23 2026 [ 299 00] iorw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4704 Mar 23 2026 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3324 Mar 23 2026 [ 303 00] jfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3968 Mar 23 2026 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Mar 23 2026 [ 307 00] json.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1404 Mar 23 2026 [ 309 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 772 Mar 23 2026 [ 310 00] keystatus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2908 Mar 23 2026 [ 311 00] ldm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 Mar 23 2026 [ 313 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11064 Mar 23 2026 [ 314 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6148 Mar 23 2026 [ 320 00] linux.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2616 Mar 23 2026 [ 324 00] linux16.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2828 Mar 23 2026 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1364 Mar 23 2026 [ 328 00] loopback.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1684 Mar 23 2026 [ 329 00] ls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2072 Mar 23 2026 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Mar 23 2026 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Mar 23 2026 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Mar 23 2026 [ 334 00] lspci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1828 Mar 23 2026 [ 335 00] luks.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5936 Mar 23 2026 [ 336 00] luks2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3940 Mar 23 2026 [ 339 00] lvm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2720 Mar 23 2026 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1596 Mar 23 2026 [ 343 00] macbless.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3240 Mar 23 2026 [ 344 00] macho.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Mar 23 2026 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 940 Mar 23 2026 [ 347 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 Mar 23 2026 [ 348 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Mar 23 2026 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 900 Mar 23 2026 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1132 Mar 23 2026 [ 351 00] memrw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1544 Mar 23 2026 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2004 Mar 23 2026 [ 353 00] minix.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2104 Mar 23 2026 [ 354 00] minix2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2160 Mar 23 2026 [ 356 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2044 Mar 23 2026 [ 358 00] minix3.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2120 Mar 23 2026 [ 359 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2076 Mar 23 2026 [ 361 00] minix_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4136 Mar 23 2026 [ 363 00] mmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Mar 23 2026 [ 366 00] moddep.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 Mar 23 2026 [ 368 00] modinfo.sh \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 Mar 23 2026 [ 369 00] morse.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12568 Mar 23 2026 [ 370 00] mpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Mar 23 2026 [ 377 00] msdospart.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 948 Mar 23 2026 [ 378 00] mul_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6704 Mar 23 2026 [ 379 00] multiboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7072 Mar 23 2026 [ 383 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1924 Mar 23 2026 [ 387 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 25232 Mar 23 2026 [ 388 00] net.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1380 Mar 23 2026 [ 401 00] newc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3348 Mar 23 2026 [ 402 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44672 Mar 23 2026 [ 404 00] normal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5776 Mar 23 2026 [ 426 00] ntfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2452 Mar 23 2026 [ 429 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1076 Mar 23 2026 [ 431 00] ntldr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1300 Mar 23 2026 [ 432 00] odc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 692 Mar 23 2026 [ 433 00] offsetio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4448 Mar 23 2026 [ 434 00] ohci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Mar 23 2026 [ 437 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 900 Mar 23 2026 [ 438 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Mar 23 2026 [ 439 00] part_apple.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1276 Mar 23 2026 [ 440 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Mar 23 2026 [ 441 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 Mar 23 2026 [ 442 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Mar 23 2026 [ 443 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1204 Mar 23 2026 [ 444 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Mar 23 2026 [ 445 00] part_plan.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 732 Mar 23 2026 [ 446 00] part_sun.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 776 Mar 23 2026 [ 447 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 120 Mar 23 2026 [ 448 00] partmap.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 72 Mar 23 2026 [ 449 00] parttool.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2096 Mar 23 2026 [ 450 00] parttool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 Mar 23 2026 [ 452 00] password.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1304 Mar 23 2026 [ 453 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2340 Mar 23 2026 [ 454 00] pata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 688 Mar 23 2026 [ 456 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 Mar 23 2026 [ 457 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Mar 23 2026 [ 458 00] pci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Mar 23 2026 [ 459 00] pcidump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4720 Mar 23 2026 [ 460 00] pgp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3092 Mar 23 2026 [ 463 00] plainmount.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3028 Mar 23 2026 [ 465 00] plan9.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1224 Mar 23 2026 [ 467 00] play.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4100 Mar 23 2026 [ 468 00] png.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Mar 23 2026 [ 471 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1472 Mar 23 2026 [ 472 00] probe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 956 Mar 23 2026 [ 473 00] procfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Mar 23 2026 [ 474 00] progress.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1552 Mar 23 2026 [ 475 00] pxe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 Mar 23 2026 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 Mar 23 2026 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1228 Mar 23 2026 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1752 Mar 23 2026 [ 479 00] random.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Mar 23 2026 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 Mar 23 2026 [ 481 00] read.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 740 Mar 23 2026 [ 482 00] reboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 26996 Mar 23 2026 [ 483 00] regexp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4276 Mar 23 2026 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6716 Mar 23 2026 [ 500 00] relocator.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2156 Mar 23 2026 [ 504 00] romfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2280 Mar 23 2026 [ 506 00] scsi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1424 Mar 23 2026 [ 508 00] search.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1520 Mar 23 2026 [ 509 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1616 Mar 23 2026 [ 510 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1524 Mar 23 2026 [ 511 00] search_label.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2584 Mar 23 2026 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3960 Mar 23 2026 [ 514 00] serial.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 304 Mar 23 2026 [ 516 00] setjmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 680 Mar 23 2026 [ 517 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2212 Mar 23 2026 [ 518 00] setpci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2596 Mar 23 2026 [ 520 00] sfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Mar 23 2026 [ 522 00] shift_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4272 Mar 23 2026 [ 523 00] signature_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Mar 23 2026 [ 526 00] sleep.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 Mar 23 2026 [ 527 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2340 Mar 23 2026 [ 528 00] smbios.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 Mar 23 2026 [ 530 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3752 Mar 23 2026 [ 531 00] squash4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 920 Mar 23 2026 [ 533 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7192 Mar 23 2026 [ 534 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1544 Mar 23 2026 [ 538 00] tar.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 168 Mar 23 2026 [ 539 00] terminal.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1764 Mar 23 2026 [ 540 00] terminal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5148 Mar 23 2026 [ 541 00] terminfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2228 Mar 23 2026 [ 544 00] test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 580 Mar 23 2026 [ 546 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1252 Mar 23 2026 [ 547 00] testload.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 Mar 23 2026 [ 548 00] testspeed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2288 Mar 23 2026 [ 549 00] tftp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1804 Mar 23 2026 [ 551 00] tga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 688 Mar 23 2026 [ 552 00] time.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1084 Mar 23 2026 [ 553 00] tr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 Mar 23 2026 [ 554 00] trig.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 504 Mar 23 2026 [ 555 00] true.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1556 Mar 23 2026 [ 556 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4536 Mar 23 2026 [ 557 00] udf.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2620 Mar 23 2026 [ 560 00] ufs1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2840 Mar 23 2026 [ 562 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2716 Mar 23 2026 [ 564 00] ufs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2976 Mar 23 2026 [ 566 00] uhci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5164 Mar 23 2026 [ 568 00] usb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1812 Mar 23 2026 [ 571 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2816 Mar 23 2026 [ 572 00] usbms.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 Mar 23 2026 [ 574 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1008 Mar 23 2026 [ 575 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1064 Mar 23 2026 [ 576 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 620 Mar 23 2026 [ 577 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 Mar 23 2026 [ 578 00] usbtest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4100 Mar 23 2026 [ 579 00] vbe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 Mar 23 2026 [ 582 00] verifiers.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 Mar 23 2026 [ 583 00] vga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 Mar 23 2026 [ 584 00] vga_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 88 Mar 23 2026 [ 585 00] video.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2312 Mar 23 2026 [ 586 00] video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Mar 23 2026 [ 588 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 Mar 23 2026 [ 590 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2276 Mar 23 2026 [ 592 00] video_colors.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9324 Mar 23 2026 [ 594 00] video_fb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1708 Mar 23 2026 [ 599 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1656 Mar 23 2026 [ 600 00] videotest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 Mar 23 2026 [ 601 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 Mar 23 2026 [ 602 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4004 Mar 23 2026 [ 603 00] xfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11332 Mar 23 2026 [ 605 00] xnu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 Mar 23 2026 [ 611 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Mar 23 2026 [ 612 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8084 Mar 23 2026 [ 613 00] xzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19004 Mar 23 2026 [ 617 00] zfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 Mar 23 2026 [ 627 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2540 Mar 23 2026 [ 629 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19316 Mar 23 2026 [ 631 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Feb 18 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3584 Feb 18 2025 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4324 Feb 18 2025 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 552 Feb 18 2025 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2672 Feb 18 2025 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3192 Feb 18 2025 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 Feb 18 2025 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5056 Feb 18 2025 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 240 Feb 18 2025 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 Feb 18 2025 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1588 Feb 18 2025 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2024 Feb 18 2025 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2708 Feb 18 2025 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 756 Feb 18 2025 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3608 Feb 18 2025 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Feb 18 2025 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1156 Feb 18 2025 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2028 Feb 18 2025 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1084 Feb 18 2025 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1188 Feb 18 2025 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12536 Feb 18 2025 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1064 Feb 18 2025 [ 86 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9148 Feb 18 2025 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 Feb 18 2025 [ 92 00] bufio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1364 Feb 18 2025 [ 93 00] cat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1856 Feb 18 2025 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1184 Feb 18 2025 [ 95 00] cbls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Feb 18 2025 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 544 Feb 18 2025 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1116 Feb 18 2025 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1576 Feb 18 2025 [ 99 00] chain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Feb 18 2025 [ 100 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 568 Feb 18 2025 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Feb 18 2025 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 Feb 18 2025 [ 103 00] cmp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 Feb 18 2025 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1476 Feb 18 2025 [ 105 00] command.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Feb 18 2025 [ 106 00] configfile.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1256 Feb 18 2025 [ 107 00] cpio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1296 Feb 18 2025 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Feb 18 2025 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 784 Feb 18 2025 [ 110 00] crc64.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 420 Feb 18 2025 [ 111 00] crypto.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2320 Feb 18 2025 [ 112 00] crypto.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6768 Feb 18 2025 [ 114 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1480 Feb 18 2025 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Feb 18 2025 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1028 Feb 18 2025 [ 120 00] date.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 Feb 18 2025 [ 121 00] datehook.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1100 Feb 18 2025 [ 122 00] datetime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1308 Feb 18 2025 [ 123 00] disk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5280 Feb 18 2025 [ 124 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 508 Feb 18 2025 [ 127 00] div.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2236 Feb 18 2025 [ 128 00] div_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 Feb 18 2025 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2416 Feb 18 2025 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Feb 18 2025 [ 133 00] echo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9388 Feb 18 2025 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3196 Feb 18 2025 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3748 Feb 18 2025 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 Feb 18 2025 [ 143 00] ehci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2472 Feb 18 2025 [ 146 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 48566 Feb 18 2025 [ 148 00] eltorito.img \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 656 Feb 18 2025 [ 172 00] eval.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 Feb 18 2025 [ 173 00] exfat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 560 Feb 18 2025 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3200 Feb 18 2025 [ 176 00] ext2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2436 Feb 18 2025 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 Feb 18 2025 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3580 Feb 18 2025 [ 182 00] fat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5856 Feb 18 2025 [ 184 00] file.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6588 Feb 18 2025 [ 187 00] font.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Feb 18 2025 [ 191 00] freedos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 208 Feb 18 2025 [ 192 00] fs.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Feb 18 2025 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8520 Feb 18 2025 [ 194 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 792 Feb 18 2025 [ 199 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5516 Feb 18 2025 [ 200 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8428 Feb 18 2025 [ 203 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10644 Feb 18 2025 [ 208 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8612 Feb 18 2025 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4080 Feb 18 2025 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 944 Feb 18 2025 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1512 Feb 18 2025 [ 222 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1440 Feb 18 2025 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1820 Feb 18 2025 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1308 Feb 18 2025 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7540 Feb 18 2025 [ 226 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 Feb 18 2025 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Feb 18 2025 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4508 Feb 18 2025 [ 233 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5336 Feb 18 2025 [ 236 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3156 Feb 18 2025 [ 239 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2088 Feb 18 2025 [ 241 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2956 Feb 18 2025 [ 243 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10688 Feb 18 2025 [ 245 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9848 Feb 18 2025 [ 251 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 Feb 18 2025 [ 256 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3780 Feb 18 2025 [ 259 00] gdb.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2552 Feb 18 2025 [ 261 00] geli.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Feb 18 2025 [ 263 00] gettext.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15588 Feb 18 2025 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3880 Feb 18 2025 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Feb 18 2025 [ 275 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1852 Feb 18 2025 [ 276 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1816 Feb 18 2025 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4504 Feb 18 2025 [ 278 00] gzio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2196 Feb 18 2025 [ 281 00] halt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Feb 18 2025 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2888 Feb 18 2025 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 496 Feb 18 2025 [ 287 00] hello.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1264 Feb 18 2025 [ 288 00] help.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1452 Feb 18 2025 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3736 Feb 18 2025 [ 290 00] hfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4132 Feb 18 2025 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1524 Feb 18 2025 [ 295 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 Feb 18 2025 [ 296 00] http.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1168 Feb 18 2025 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Feb 18 2025 [ 299 00] iorw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4704 Feb 18 2025 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3324 Feb 18 2025 [ 303 00] jfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3968 Feb 18 2025 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Feb 18 2025 [ 307 00] json.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1404 Feb 18 2025 [ 309 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 772 Feb 18 2025 [ 310 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2908 Feb 18 2025 [ 311 00] ldm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 Feb 18 2025 [ 313 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11064 Feb 18 2025 [ 314 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6148 Feb 18 2025 [ 320 00] linux.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2616 Feb 18 2025 [ 324 00] linux16.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2828 Feb 18 2025 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1364 Feb 18 2025 [ 328 00] loopback.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1684 Feb 18 2025 [ 329 00] ls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2072 Feb 18 2025 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Feb 18 2025 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Feb 18 2025 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Feb 18 2025 [ 334 00] lspci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1828 Feb 18 2025 [ 335 00] luks.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5936 Feb 18 2025 [ 336 00] luks2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3940 Feb 18 2025 [ 339 00] lvm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2720 Feb 18 2025 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1596 Feb 18 2025 [ 343 00] macbless.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3240 Feb 18 2025 [ 344 00] macho.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Feb 18 2025 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 940 Feb 18 2025 [ 347 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 Feb 18 2025 [ 348 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Feb 18 2025 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 900 Feb 18 2025 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1132 Feb 18 2025 [ 351 00] memrw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1544 Feb 18 2025 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2004 Feb 18 2025 [ 353 00] minix.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2104 Feb 18 2025 [ 354 00] minix2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2160 Feb 18 2025 [ 356 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2044 Feb 18 2025 [ 358 00] minix3.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2120 Feb 18 2025 [ 359 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2076 Feb 18 2025 [ 361 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4136 Feb 18 2025 [ 363 00] mmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Feb 18 2025 [ 366 00] moddep.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 Feb 18 2025 [ 368 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 Feb 18 2025 [ 369 00] morse.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12568 Feb 18 2025 [ 370 00] mpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Feb 18 2025 [ 377 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 948 Feb 18 2025 [ 378 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6704 Feb 18 2025 [ 379 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7072 Feb 18 2025 [ 383 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1924 Feb 18 2025 [ 387 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 25232 Feb 18 2025 [ 388 00] net.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1380 Feb 18 2025 [ 401 00] newc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3348 Feb 18 2025 [ 402 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44672 Feb 18 2025 [ 404 00] normal.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5776 Feb 18 2025 [ 426 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2452 Feb 18 2025 [ 429 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1076 Feb 18 2025 [ 431 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1300 Feb 18 2025 [ 432 00] odc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 692 Feb 18 2025 [ 433 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4448 Feb 18 2025 [ 434 00] ohci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Feb 18 2025 [ 437 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 900 Feb 18 2025 [ 438 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Feb 18 2025 [ 439 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1276 Feb 18 2025 [ 440 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Feb 18 2025 [ 441 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 Feb 18 2025 [ 442 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Feb 18 2025 [ 443 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1204 Feb 18 2025 [ 444 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Feb 18 2025 [ 445 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 732 Feb 18 2025 [ 446 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 776 Feb 18 2025 [ 447 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 120 Feb 18 2025 [ 448 00] partmap.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 72 Feb 18 2025 [ 449 00] parttool.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2096 Feb 18 2025 [ 450 00] parttool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 Feb 18 2025 [ 452 00] password.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1304 Feb 18 2025 [ 453 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2340 Feb 18 2025 [ 454 00] pata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 688 Feb 18 2025 [ 456 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 Feb 18 2025 [ 457 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Feb 18 2025 [ 458 00] pci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Feb 18 2025 [ 459 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4720 Feb 18 2025 [ 460 00] pgp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3092 Feb 18 2025 [ 463 00] plainmount.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3028 Feb 18 2025 [ 465 00] plan9.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1224 Feb 18 2025 [ 467 00] play.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4100 Feb 18 2025 [ 468 00] png.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Feb 18 2025 [ 471 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1472 Feb 18 2025 [ 472 00] probe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 956 Feb 18 2025 [ 473 00] procfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Feb 18 2025 [ 474 00] progress.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1552 Feb 18 2025 [ 475 00] pxe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 Feb 18 2025 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 Feb 18 2025 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1228 Feb 18 2025 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1752 Feb 18 2025 [ 479 00] random.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Feb 18 2025 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 Feb 18 2025 [ 481 00] read.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 740 Feb 18 2025 [ 482 00] reboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 26996 Feb 18 2025 [ 483 00] regexp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4276 Feb 18 2025 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6716 Feb 18 2025 [ 500 00] relocator.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2156 Feb 18 2025 [ 504 00] romfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2280 Feb 18 2025 [ 506 00] scsi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1424 Feb 18 2025 [ 508 00] search.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1520 Feb 18 2025 [ 509 00] search_fs_file.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1616 Feb 18 2025 [ 510 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1524 Feb 18 2025 [ 511 00] search_label.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2584 Feb 18 2025 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3960 Feb 18 2025 [ 514 00] serial.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 304 Feb 18 2025 [ 516 00] setjmp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 680 Feb 18 2025 [ 517 00] setjmp_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2212 Feb 18 2025 [ 518 00] setpci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2596 Feb 18 2025 [ 520 00] sfs.mod 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02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 18 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,297 +1,297 @@\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2026-03-23 15:26:40.000000 .\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2026-03-23 15:26:41.000000 boot\n-dr-xr-xr-x 6 0 0 2048 2026-03-23 15:26:42.000000 boot/grub\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2026-03-23 15:26:42.000000 boot/grub/fonts\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 38912 2026-03-23 15:26:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2026-03-23 15:26:41.000000 boot/grub/locale\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2026-03-23 15:26:41.000000 boot/grub/roms\n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 2026-03-23 15:26:42.000000 boot.catalog\n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 2026-03-23 15:26:40.000000 boot/grub/grub.cfg\n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3584 2026-03-23 15:26:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/915resolution.mod\n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4324 2026-03-23 15:26:41.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/acpi.mod\n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 552 2026-03-23 15:26:41.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/adler32.mod\n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2672 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boot/grub/i386-pc/verifiers.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 2025-02-18 10:35:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 2025-02-18 10:35:39.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga_text.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 88 2025-02-18 10:35:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.lst\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2312 2025-02-18 10:35:41.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 2025-02-18 10:35:40.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_bochs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 2025-02-18 10:35:39.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_cirrus.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2276 2025-02-18 10:35:39.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_colors.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9324 2025-02-18 10:35:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1708 2025-02-18 10:35:39.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1656 2025-02-18 10:35:41.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 2025-02-18 10:35:40.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 2025-02-18 10:35:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4004 2025-02-18 10:35:40.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11332 2025-02-18 10:35:39.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 2025-02-18 10:35:39.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 2025-02-18 10:35:40.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8084 2025-02-18 10:35:39.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19004 2025-02-18 10:35:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 2025-02-18 10:35:41.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2540 2025-02-18 10:35:41.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19316 2025-02-18 10:35:39.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "modinfo.sh-content", "source2": "modinfo.sh-content", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-bin_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 11680 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1024048 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1024512 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -124,15 +124,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3576 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3708 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3848 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3632 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3796 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3716 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3766 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2622 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2620 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27452 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 58416 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2812 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6716 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 114840 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/normal.mod\n@@ -342,15 +342,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3708 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3848 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3632 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3796 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3716 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5788 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3871 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2634 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2632 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27452 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13708 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14696 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 58416 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2812 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/newc.mod\n@@ -562,15 +562,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5552 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5664 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5752 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5728 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5816 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5640 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3766 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2547 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2545 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44032 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2360 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 95352 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4456 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 10008 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 177008 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen_pvh\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/share/lintian/overrides/grub-xen-bin", "source2": "./usr/share/lintian/overrides/grub-xen-bin", "comments": ["Ordering differences only"], "unified_diff": "@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object **.mod*\n+grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n-grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n-grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture **.mod*\n+grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n-grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object **.mod*\n+grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n-grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n-grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture **.mod*\n+grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n-grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-dbg_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-dbg_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 14392 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7517672 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 14396 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7517676 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/share/lintian/overrides/grub-xen-dbg", "source2": "./usr/share/lintian/overrides/grub-xen-dbg", "comments": ["Ordering differences only"], "unified_diff": "@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@\n grub-xen-dbg: unstripped-binary-or-object **.module*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary **.image*\n+grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n-grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture **.module*\n+grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n-grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: unstripped-binary-or-object **.module*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary **.image*\n+grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n-grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture **.module*\n+grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n-grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-host_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-host_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1296 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1329504 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1329512 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9250,17 +9250,17 @@\n .rel.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001140\n-15160256123\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+14755062771\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -92513,28 +92513,28 @@\n 0x00175c23 01000000 00000000 01000000 08280000 .............(..\n 0x00175c33 67727562 2e636667 00000000 00000000 grub.cfg........\n 0x00175c43 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175c53 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175c63 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175c73 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175c83 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x00175c93 00000000 30303030 36343400 30303032 ....0000644.0002\n- 0x00175ca3 31323700 30303032 31323700 30303030 127.0002127.0000\n- 0x00175cb3 30303031 31343000 31353136 30323536 0001140.15160256\n- 0x00175cc3 31323300 30313330 33310020 30000000 123.013031. 0...\n+ 0x00175c93 00000000 30303030 36343400 30303034 ....0000644.0004\n+ 0x00175ca3 32353600 30303034 32353600 30303030 256.0004256.0000\n+ 0x00175cb3 30303031 31343000 31343735 35303632 0001140.14755062\n+ 0x00175cc3 37373100 30313330 36320020 30000000 771.013062. 0...\n 0x00175cd3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175ce3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175cf3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175d03 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175d13 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175d23 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175d33 00757374 61722020 00706275 696c6465 .ustar .pbuilde\n- 0x00175d43 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x00175d43 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x00175d53 00000000 00000000 00706275 696c6465 .........pbuilde\n- 0x00175d63 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x00175d63 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x00175d73 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175d83 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175d93 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175da3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175db3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175dc3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175dd3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9555,16 +9555,16 @@\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000000350\n 14645235260\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n if search -s -f /boot/grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/boot/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n if search -s -f /grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /grub/grub.cfg\n normal (memdisk)/grub.cfg\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -94500,28 +94500,28 @@\n 0x0027d70b 01000000 00000000 01000000 08280000 .............(..\n 0x0027d71b 67727562 2e636667 00000000 00000000 grub.cfg........\n 0x0027d72b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d73b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d74b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d75b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d76b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x0027d77b 00000000 30303030 36343400 30303032 ....0000644.0002\n- 0x0027d78b 31323700 30303032 31323700 30303030 127.0002127.0000\n+ 0x0027d77b 00000000 30303030 36363400 30303034 ....0000664.0004\n+ 0x0027d78b 32353600 30303034 32353600 30303030 256.0004256.0000\n 0x0027d79b 30303030 33353000 31343634 35323335 0000350.14645235\n- 0x0027d7ab 32363000 30313330 34310020 30000000 260.013041. 0...\n+ 0x0027d7ab 32363000 30313330 35370020 30000000 260.013057. 0...\n 0x0027d7bb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d7cb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d7db 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d7eb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d7fb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d80b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d81b 00757374 61722020 00706275 696c6465 .ustar .pbuilde\n- 0x0027d82b 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x0027d82b 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x0027d83b 00000000 00000000 00706275 696c6465 .........pbuilde\n- 0x0027d84b 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x0027d84b 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x0027d85b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d86b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d87b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d88b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d89b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d8ab 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d8bb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -10808,17 +10808,17 @@\n .rela.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001154\n-15160256123\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+14755062771\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -130753,28 +130753,28 @@\n 0x0020e6ef 00000000 00000000 01000000 08280000 .............(..\n 0x0020e6ff 67727562 2e636667 00000000 00000000 grub.cfg........\n 0x0020e70f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e71f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e72f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e73f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e74f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x0020e75f 00000000 30303030 36343400 30303032 ....0000644.0002\n- 0x0020e76f 31323700 30303032 31323700 30303030 127.0002127.0000\n- 0x0020e77f 30303031 31353400 31353136 30323536 0001154.15160256\n- 0x0020e78f 31323300 30313330 33360020 30000000 123.013036. 0...\n+ 0x0020e75f 00000000 30303030 36343400 30303034 ....0000644.0004\n+ 0x0020e76f 32353600 30303034 32353600 30303030 256.0004256.0000\n+ 0x0020e77f 30303031 31353400 31343735 35303632 0001154.14755062\n+ 0x0020e78f 37373100 30313330 36370020 30000000 771.013067. 0...\n 0x0020e79f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e7af 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e7bf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e7cf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e7df 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e7ef 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e7ff 00757374 61722020 00706275 696c6465 .ustar .pbuilde\n- 0x0020e80f 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x0020e80f 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x0020e81f 00000000 00000000 00706275 696c6465 .........pbuilde\n- 0x0020e82f 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x0020e82f 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x0020e83f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e84f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e85f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e86f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e87f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e88f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e89f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 43980 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 43996 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1644 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./\n -rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2841 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./config\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1206 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./control\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 129 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./md5sums\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 28978 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./postinst\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 28974 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./postinst\n -rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2137 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./postrm\n -rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 417 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./preinst\n -rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 190 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./prerm\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 130055 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./templates\n"}, {"source1": "./postinst", "source2": "./postinst", "unified_diff": "@@ -346,15 +346,15 @@\n fi\n \n mkdir -p /boot/grub\n \n case grub-xen in\n grub-pc)\n if test -e /boot/grub/device.map && ! test -e /boot/grub/core.img && \\\n- ! test -e /boot/grub/x86_64-xen/core.img; then\n+ ! test -e /boot/grub/i386-xen/core.img; then\n # Looks like your device.map was generated by GRUB Legacy, which\n # used to generate broken device.map (see #422851). Avoid the risk\n # by regenerating it.\n grub-mkdevicemap --no-floppy\n devicemap_regenerated=1\n fi\n ;;\n@@ -522,15 +522,15 @@\n # We just hooked GRUB 2 in menu.lst; then also generate grub.cfg.\n touch /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n fi\n elif running_in_container; then\n # Skip grub-install in containers.\n :\n elif test -e /boot/grub/core.img || \\\n- test -e /boot/grub/x86_64-xen/core.img || \\\n+ test -e /boot/grub/i386-xen/core.img || \\\n test \"$UPGRADE_FROM_GRUB_LEGACY\" || test \"$wubi_device\"; then\n question=grub-pc/install_devices\n priority=high\n device_map=\"$(grub-mkdevicemap -m - | grep -v '^(fd[0-9]\\+)' || true)\"\n devices=\"$(echo \"$device_map\" | cut -f2)\"\n db_get grub-pc/install_devices\n valid=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub2-common_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub2-common_2.12-5_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1368 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 638100 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 638088 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -21,17 +21,17 @@\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/doc/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/grub/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1565 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 186 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub.md5sum\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 37889 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub-dev.info.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87274 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14850 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3577 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87278 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14853 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3576 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1958 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-install.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 921 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-reboot.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 655 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-set-default.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 248 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/update-grub.8.gz\n lrwxrwxrwx 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/sbin/update-grub2 -> update-grub\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-1", "source2": "grub.info-1", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,18889 +1,18890 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 312e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7.1.1 from grub.\n 00000040: 7465 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 texi...This manu\n 00000050: 616c 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 al is for GNU GR\n 00000060: 5542 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 UB (version 2.12\n-00000070: 2c20 3233 204d 6172 6368 2032 3032 3629 , 23 March 2026)\n-00000080: 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 ... Copyright \n-00000090: c2a9 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 ...1999,2000,200\n-000000a0: 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 1,2002,2004,2006\n-000000b0: 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c ,2008,2009,2010,\n-000000c0: 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 2011,2012,2013 F\n-000000d0: 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 ree.Software Fou\n-000000e0: 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 ndation, Inc... \n-000000f0: 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 Permission i\n-00000100: 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 s granted to cop\n-00000110: 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e y, distribute an\n-00000120: 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 d/or modify this\n-00000130: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 . document u\n-00000140: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n-00000150: 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 f the GNU Free D\n-00000160: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n-00000170: 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 ense,. Versi\n-00000180: 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 on 1.2 or any la\n-00000190: 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c ter version publ\n-000001a0: 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 ished by the Fre\n-000001b0: 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 e Software. \n-000001c0: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 Foundation; with\n-000001d0: 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 no Invariant Se\n-000001e0: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 ctions..INFO-DIR\n-000001f0: 2d53 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a -SECTION Kernel.\n-00000200: 5354 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 START-INFO-DIR-E\n-00000210: 4e54 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 NTRY.* GRUB: (gr\n-00000220: 7562 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ub). \n-00000230: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 The GRand U\n-00000240: 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 nified Bootloade\n-00000250: 720a 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c r.* grub-install\n-00000260: 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 : (grub)Invoking\n-00000270: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 grub-install. \n-00000280: 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f Install GRUB o\n-00000290: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 n your drive.* g\n-000002a0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 rub-mkconfig: (g\n-000002b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-000002c0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e b-mkconfig. Gen\n-000002d0: 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 erate GRUB confi\n-000002e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d guration.* grub-\n-000002f0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a mkpasswd-pbkdf2:\n-00000300: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n-00000310: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-00000320: 6b64 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 kdf2..* grub-mkr\n-00000330: 656c 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e elpath: (grub)In\n-00000340: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000350: 6c70 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b lpath..* grub-mk\n-00000360: 7265 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e rescue: (grub)In\n-00000370: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000380: 7363 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 scue. Make a GR\n-00000390: 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a UB rescue image.\n-000003a0: 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 * grub-mount: (g\n-000003b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-000003c0: 622d 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 b-mount. \n-000003d0: 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 Mount a file sys\n-000003e0: 7465 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a tem using GRUB.*\n-000003f0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 grub-probe: (gr\n-00000400: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000410: 2d70 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 -probe. P\n-00000420: 726f 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f robe device info\n-00000430: 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 rmation.* grub-s\n-00000440: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 cript-check: (gr\n-00000450: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000460: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 -script-check..E\n-00000470: 4e44 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 ND-INFO-DIR-ENTR\n-00000480: 590a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e Y....File: grub.\n-00000490: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 6f70 info, Node: Top\n-000004a0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 , Next: Introdu\n-000004b0: 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 2864 6972 ction, Up: (dir\n-000004c0: 290a 0a47 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6e75 )..GNU GRUB manu\n-000004d0: 616c 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a al.*************\n-000004e0: 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 **..This is the \n-000004f0: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 documentation of\n-00000500: 2047 4e55 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 2047 GNU GRUB, the G\n-00000510: 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f Rand Unified Boo\n-00000520: 746c 6f61 6465 722c 2061 0a66 6c65 7869 tloader, a.flexi\n-00000530: 626c 6520 616e 6420 706f 7765 7266 756c ble and powerful\n-00000540: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2070 726f boot loader pro\n-00000550: 6772 616d 2066 6f72 2061 2077 6964 6520 gram for a wide \n-00000560: 7261 6e67 6520 6f66 0a61 7263 6869 7465 range of.archite\n-00000570: 6374 7572 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 ctures... 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Copyright ..\n-000005f0: 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c .1999,2000,2001,\n-00000600: 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 2002,2004,2006,2\n-00000610: 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 008,2009,2010,20\n-00000620: 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 11,2012,2013 Fre\n-00000630: 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 e.Software Found\n-00000640: 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 ation, Inc... \n-00000650: 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 Permission is \n-00000660: 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c granted to copy,\n-00000670: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f distribute and/\n-00000680: 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 or modify this. \n-00000690: 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 document und\n-000006a0: 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 er the terms of \n-000006b0: 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 the GNU Free Doc\n-000006c0: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n-000006d0: 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e se,. 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Fo\n-00000720: 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e undation; with n\n-00000730: 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 o Invariant Sect\n-00000740: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a ions...* Menu:..\n-00000750: 2a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 3a3a * Introduction::\n-00000760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000770: 4361 7074 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 7370 Capturing the sp\n-00000780: 6972 6974 206f 6620 4752 5542 0a2a 204e irit of GRUB.* N\n-00000790: 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e aming convention\n-000007a0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 616d :: Nam\n-000007b0: 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 es of your drive\n-000007c0: 7320 696e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 4f53 2d73 s in GRUB.* OS-s\n-000007d0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 pecific notes ab\n-000007e0: 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 3a3a out grub tools::\n-000007f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00000070: 2c20 3138 2046 6562 7275 6172 7920 3230 , 18 February 20\n+00000080: 3235 292e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 25)... Copyrig\n+00000090: 6874 20c2 a90a 3139 3939 2c32 3030 302c ht ...1999,2000,\n+000000a0: 3230 3031 2c32 3030 322c 3230 3034 2c32 2001,2002,2004,2\n+000000b0: 3030 362c 3230 3038 2c32 3030 392c 3230 006,2008,2009,20\n+000000c0: 3130 2c32 3031 312c 3230 3132 2c32 3031 10,2011,2012,201\n+000000d0: 3320 4672 6565 0a53 6f66 7477 6172 6520 3 Free.Software \n+000000e0: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e Foundation, Inc.\n+000000f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6572 6d69 7373 696f .. 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Ve\n+00000180: 7273 696f 6e20 312e 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 rsion 1.2 or any\n+00000190: 206c 6174 6572 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 later version p\n+000001a0: 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 ublished by the \n+000001b0: 4672 6565 2053 6f66 7477 6172 650a 2020 Free Software. \n+000001c0: 2020 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 Foundation; w\n+000001d0: 6974 6820 6e6f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 ith no Invariant\n+000001e0: 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d Sections..INFO-\n+000001f0: 4449 522d 5345 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e DIR-SECTION Kern\n+00000200: 656c 0a53 5441 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 el.START-INFO-DI\n+00000210: 522d 454e 5452 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 R-ENTRY.* GRUB: \n+00000220: 2867 7275 6229 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 (grub). \n+00000230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e The GRan\n+00000240: 6420 556e 6966 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f d Unified Bootlo\n+00000250: 6164 6572 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 ader.* grub-inst\n+00000260: 616c 6c3a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b all: (grub)Invok\n+00000270: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n+00000280: 2e20 2020 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 . Install GRU\n+00000290: 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a B on your drive.\n+000002a0: 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a * grub-mkconfig:\n+000002b0: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n+000002c0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 grub-mkconfig. \n+000002d0: 4765 6e65 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 636f Generate GRUB co\n+000002e0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 nfiguration.* gr\n+000002f0: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n+00000300: 6632 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 f2: (grub)Invoki\n+00000310: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ng grub-mkpasswd\n+00000320: 2d70 626b 6466 322e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d -pbkdf2..* grub-\n+00000330: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 683a 2028 6772 7562 mkrelpath: (grub\n+00000340: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+00000350: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 krelpath..* grub\n+00000360: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 2028 6772 7562 -mkrescue: (grub\n+00000370: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+00000380: 6b72 6573 6375 652e 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 krescue. Make a\n+00000390: 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 GRUB rescue ima\n+000003a0: 6765 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a ge.* grub-mount:\n+000003b0: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n+000003c0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 grub-mount. \n+000003d0: 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 Mount a file \n+000003e0: 7379 7374 656d 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 system using GRU\n+000003f0: 420a 2a20 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 B.* grub-probe: \n+00000400: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n+00000410: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 rub-probe. \n+00000420: 2020 5072 6f62 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 Probe device i\n+00000430: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 nformation.* gru\n+00000440: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 b-script-check: \n+00000450: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n+00000460: 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b rub-script-check\n+00000470: 2e0a 454e 442d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 ..END-INFO-DIR-E\n+00000480: 4e54 5259 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 NTRY....File: gr\n+00000490: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000004a0: 546f 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 7472 Top, Next: Intr\n+000004b0: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2028 oduction, Up: (\n+000004c0: 6469 7229 0a0a 474e 5520 4752 5542 206d dir)..GNU GRUB m\n+000004d0: 616e 7561 6c0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a anual.**********\n+000004e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6869 7320 6973 2074 *****..This is t\n+000004f0: 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e he documentation\n+00000500: 206f 6620 474e 5520 4752 5542 2c20 7468 of GNU GRUB, th\n+00000510: 6520 4752 616e 6420 556e 6966 6965 6420 e GRand Unified \n+00000520: 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 610a 666c Bootloader, a.fl\n+00000530: 6578 6962 6c65 2061 6e64 2070 6f77 6572 exible and power\n+00000540: 6675 6c20 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 ful boot loader \n+00000550: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 666f 7220 6120 7769 program for a wi\n+00000560: 6465 2072 616e 6765 206f 660a 6172 6368 de range of.arch\n+00000570: 6974 6563 7475 7265 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 itectures... T\n+00000580: 6869 7320 6564 6974 696f 6e20 646f 6375 his edition docu\n+00000590: 6d65 6e74 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e ments version 2.\n+000005a0: 3132 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 206d 616e 12... This man\n+000005b0: 7561 6c20 6973 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2047 ual is for GNU G\n+000005c0: 5255 4220 2876 6572 7369 6f6e 2032 2e31 RUB (version 2.1\n+000005d0: 322c 2031 3820 4665 6272 7561 7279 2032 2, 18 February 2\n+000005e0: 3032 3529 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 025)... Copyri\n+000005f0: 6768 7420 c2a9 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 ght ...1999,2000\n+00000600: 2c32 3030 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c ,2001,2002,2004,\n+00000610: 3230 3036 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 2006,2008,2009,2\n+00000620: 3031 302c 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 010,2011,2012,20\n+00000630: 3133 2046 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 13 Free.Software\n+00000640: 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 Foundation, Inc\n+00000650: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 ... Permissi\n+00000660: 6f6e 2069 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f on is granted to\n+00000670: 2063 6f70 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 copy, distribut\n+00000680: 6520 616e 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 e and/or modify \n+00000690: 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 this. docume\n+000006a0: 6e74 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 nt under the ter\n+000006b0: 6d73 206f 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 ms of the GNU Fr\n+000006c0: 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e ee Documentation\n+000006d0: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 License,. V\n+000006e0: 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e ersion 1.2 or an\n+000006f0: 7920 6c61 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 y later version \n+00000700: 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 published by the\n+00000710: 2046 7265 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 Free Software. \n+00000720: 2020 2020 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 Foundation; \n+00000730: 7769 7468 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e with no Invarian\n+00000740: 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a2a 204d t Sections...* M\n+00000750: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 enu:..* Introduc\n+00000760: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tion:: \n+00000770: 2020 2020 2020 4361 7074 7572 696e 6720 Capturing \n+00000780: 7468 6520 7370 6972 6974 206f 6620 4752 the spirit of GR\n+00000790: 5542 0a2a 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 UB.* Naming conv\n+000007a0: 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ention:: \n+000007b0: 2020 204e 616d 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 Names of your\n+000007c0: 2064 7269 7665 7320 696e 2047 5255 420a drives in GRUB.\n+000007d0: 2a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f * OS-specific no\n+000007e0: 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 tes about grub t\n+000007f0: 6f6f 6c73 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ools::. \n 00000800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000810: 2053 6f6d 6520 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 Some notes abou\n-00000820: 7420 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6265 t OS-specific be\n-00000830: 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2047 5255 420a haviour of GRUB.\n-00000840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000810: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6e6f 7465 Some note\n+00000820: 7320 6162 6f75 7420 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 s about OS-speci\n+00000830: 6669 6320 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 fic behaviour of\n+00000840: 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 GRUB. \n 00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000860: 746f 6f6c 730a 2a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 tools.* Installa\n-00000870: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tion:: \n-00000880: 2020 2020 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 Installing\n-00000890: 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 GRUB on your dr\n-000008a0: 6976 650a 2a20 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 ive.* Booting:: \n-000008b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000008c0: 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 How to boot \n-000008d0: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6f70 6572 6174 different operat\n-000008e0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 730a 2a20 436f ing systems.* Co\n-000008f0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 nfiguration:: \n-00000900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5772 6974 Writ\n-00000910: 696e 6720 796f 7572 206f 776e 2063 6f6e ing your own con\n-00000920: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a figuration file.\n-00000930: 2a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 * Theme file for\n-00000940: 6d61 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mat:: \n-00000950: 466f 726d 6174 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 Format of GRUB t\n-00000960: 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 204e 6574 heme files.* Net\n-00000970: 776f 726b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 work:: 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7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 Core image size \n-00000a80: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 4752 limitation:: GR\n-00000a90: 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6573 2073 UB image files s\n-00000aa0: 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 730a ize limitations.\n-00000ab0: 2a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2020 * Filesystem:: \n-00000ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000ad0: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2073 796e 7461 Filesystem synta\n-00000ae0: 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 730a x and semantics.\n-00000af0: 2a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a20 2020 * Interface:: \n-00000b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000b10: 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2074 6865 The menu and the\n-00000b20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 2a20 command-line.* \n-00000b30: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 743a 3a20 2020 Environment:: \n-00000b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 GR\n-00000b50: 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 UB environment v\n-00000b60: 6172 6961 626c 6573 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and sig\n-00000c60: 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2a20 506c 6174 666f natures.* Platfo\n-00000c70: 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 3a3a rm limitations::\n-00000c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 506c 6174 666f 726d Platform\n-00000c90: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6c69 6d69 7461 -specific limita\n-00000ca0: 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 506c 6174 666f 726d tions.* Platform\n-00000cb0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 -specific operat\n-00000cc0: 696f 6e73 3a3a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d ions:: Platform-\n-00000cd0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 specific operati\n-00000ce0: 6f6e 730a 2a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 ons.* Supported \n-00000cf0: 6b65 726e 656c 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 kernels:: \n-00000d00: 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 Supported ke\n-00000d10: 726e 656c 730a 2a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 rnels.* Troubles\n-00000d20: 686f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 hooting:: \n-00000d30: 2020 2020 2020 4572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 Error mess\n-00000d40: 6167 6573 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 ages produced by\n-00000d50: 2047 5255 420a 2a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 GRUB.* User-spa\n-00000d60: 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 3a3a 2020 ce utilities:: \n-00000d70: 2020 2020 2020 5573 6167 6520 6f66 2075 Usage of u\n-00000d80: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-00000d90: 6965 730a 2a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 ies.* Obtaining \n-00000da0: 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 and Building GRU\n-00000db0: 423a 3a20 486f 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 B:: How to obtai\n-00000dc0: 6e20 616e 6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 n and build GRUB\n-00000dd0: 0a2a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 .* Reporting bug\n-00000de0: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n-00000df0: 2057 6865 7265 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c Where you shoul\n-00000e00: 6420 7365 6e64 2061 2062 7567 2072 6570 d send a bug rep\n-00000e10: 6f72 740a 2a20 4675 7475 7265 3a3a 2020 ort.* Future:: \n-00000e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000e30: 2020 2020 536f 6d65 2066 7574 7572 6520 Some future \n-00000e40: 706c 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 plans on GRUB.* \n-00000e50: 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e Copying This Man\n-00000e60: 7561 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f ual:: Co\n-00000e70: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n-00000e80: 6c0a 2a20 496e 6465 783a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 l.* Index::....F\n-00000e90: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00000ea0: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 Node: Introduct\n-00000eb0: 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e61 6d69 ion, Next: Nami\n-00000ec0: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 ng convention, \n-00000ed0: 5072 6576 3a20 546f 702c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: Top, Up: \n-00000ee0: 546f 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 Top..1 Introduct\n-00000ef0: 696f 6e20 746f 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a ion to GRUB.****\n-00000f00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00000f10: 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204f **..* Menu:..* O\n-00000f20: 7665 7276 6965 773a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 verview:: \n-00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6861 Wha\n-00000f40: 7420 6578 6163 746c 7920 4752 5542 2069 t exactly GRUB i\n-00000f50: 7320 616e 6420 686f 7720 746f 2075 7365 s and how to use\n-00000f60: 2069 740a 2a20 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a20 it.* History:: \n-00000f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000f80: 2020 2020 4672 6f6d 206d 6167 676f 7420 From maggot \n-00000f90: 746f 2068 6f75 7365 2066 6c79 0a2a 2043 to house fly.* C\n-00000fa0: 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 hanges from GRUB\n-00000fb0: 204c 6567 6163 793a 3a20 2020 2044 6966 Legacy:: Dif\n-00000fc0: 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7072 ferences from pr\n-00000fd0: 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 730a evious versions.\n-00000fe0: 2a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 * Features:: \n-00000ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001000: 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 2a20 GRUB features.* \n-00001010: 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c Role of a 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By\n-00002080: 2061 726f 756e 6420 3230 3037 2c20 474e around 2007, GN\n-00002090: 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 U/Linux distribu\n-000020a0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6172 7465 6420 746f tions started to\n-000020b0: 2075 7365 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a6c use GRUB 2 to.l\n-000020c0: 696d 6974 6564 2065 7874 656e 7473 2c20 imited extents, \n-000020d0: 616e 6420 6279 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f and by the end o\n-000020e0: 6620 3230 3039 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 f 2009 multiple \n-000020f0: 6d61 6a6f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 major distributi\n-00002100: 6f6e 730a 7765 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ons.were install\n-00002110: 696e 6720 6974 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c ing it by defaul\n-00002120: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n-00002130: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4368 .info, Node: Ch\n-00002140: 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 anges from GRUB \n-00002150: 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 Legacy, Next: F\n-00002160: 6561 7475 7265 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 eatures, Prev: \n-00002170: 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e History, Up: In\n-00002180: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3320 troduction..1.3 \n-00002190: 4469 6666 6572 656e 6365 7320 6672 6f6d Differences from\n-000021a0: 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f previous versio\n-000021b0: 6e73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ns.=============\n+00000860: 2020 2020 2020 746f 6f6c 730a 2a20 496e tools.* In\n+00000870: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 stallation:: \n+00000880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7374 Inst\n+00000890: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 alling GRUB on y\n+000008a0: 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 426f 6f74 our drive.* Boot\n+000008b0: 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing:: \n+000008c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f How to\n+000008d0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 boot different \n+000008e0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+000008f0: 730a 2a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f s.* Configuratio\n+00000900: 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n:: \n+00000910: 2020 5772 6974 696e 6720 796f 7572 206f Writing your o\n+00000920: 776e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e wn configuration\n+00000930: 2066 696c 650a 2a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 file.* Theme fi\n+00000940: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a20 2020 2020 le format:: \n+00000950: 2020 2020 2020 466f 726d 6174 206f 6620 Format of \n+00000960: 4752 5542 2074 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6573 GRUB theme files\n+00000970: 0a2a 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2020 2020 .* Network:: \n+00000980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000990: 2044 6f77 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 204f 5320 Downloading OS \n+000009a0: 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 images from a ne\n+000009b0: 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 twork.* Serial t\n+000009c0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 erminal:: \n+000009d0: 2020 2020 2020 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 Using GRUB\n+000009e0: 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 via a serial li\n+000009f0: 6e65 0a2a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 ne.* Vendor powe\n+00000a00: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a20 2020 2020 r-on keys:: \n+00000a10: 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e 6720 4752 5542 Changing GRUB\n+00000a20: 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6e20 7665 behaviour on ve\n+00000a30: 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 ndor power-on ke\n+00000a40: 7973 0a2a 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a20 2020 ys.* Images:: \n+00000a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000a60: 2020 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6520 6669 GRUB image fi\n+00000a70: 6c65 730a 2a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 les.* Core image\n+00000a80: 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e size limitation\n+00000a90: 3a3a 2020 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 :: GRUB image f\n+00000aa0: 696c 6573 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 iles size limita\n+00000ab0: 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 tions.* Filesyst\n+00000ac0: 656d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 em:: \n+00000ad0: 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Filesystem\n+00000ae0: 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 syntax and sema\n+00000af0: 6e74 6963 730a 2a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 ntics.* Interfac\n+00000b00: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:: \n+00000b10: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 The menu a\n+00000b20: 6e64 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c nd the command-l\n+00000b30: 696e 650a 2a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ine.* Environmen\n+00000b40: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n+00000b50: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e GRUB environ\n+00000b60: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a2a ment variables.*\n+00000b70: 204d 6f64 756c 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 Modules:: \n+00000b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 A\n+00000b90: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 vailable modules\n+00000ba0: 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a20 2020 .* Commands:: \n+00000bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000bc0: 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2062 7569 6c74 Available built\n+00000bd0: 696e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2a20 496e in commands.* In\n+00000be0: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 ternationalisati\n+00000bf0: 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 546f 7069 on:: Topi\n+00000c00: 6373 2072 656c 6174 696e 6720 746f 206c cs relating to l\n+00000c10: 616e 6775 6167 6520 7375 7070 6f72 740a anguage support.\n+00000c20: 2a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2020 2020 * Security:: \n+00000c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000c40: 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 Authentication, \n+00000c50: 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2061 authorisation, a\n+00000c60: 6e64 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2a20 nd signatures.* \n+00000c70: 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 Platform limitat\n+00000c80: 696f 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 506c ions:: Pl\n+00000c90: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 atform-specific \n+00000ca0: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 506c limitations.* Pl\n+00000cb0: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 atform-specific \n+00000cc0: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 3a3a 2050 6c61 operations:: Pla\n+00000cd0: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f tform-specific o\n+00000ce0: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 5375 7070 perations.* Supp\n+00000cf0: 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 733a 3a20 orted kernels:: \n+00000d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 Suppor\n+00000d10: 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 730a 2a20 5472 ted kernels.* Tr\n+00000d20: 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 oubleshooting:: \n+00000d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4572 726f Erro\n+00000d40: 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 726f 6475 r messages produ\n+00000d50: 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a20 5573 ced by GRUB.* Us\n+00000d60: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n+00000d70: 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 6167 es:: Usag\n+00000d80: 6520 6f66 2075 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 e of user-space \n+00000d90: 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 2a20 4f62 7461 utilities.* Obta\n+00000da0: 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 ining and Buildi\n+00000db0: 6e67 2047 5255 423a 3a20 486f 7720 746f ng GRUB:: How to\n+00000dc0: 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e 6420 6275 696c obtain and buil\n+00000dd0: 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 d GRUB.* Reporti\n+00000de0: 6e67 2062 7567 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ng bugs:: \n+00000df0: 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 7265 2079 6f75 Where you\n+00000e00: 2073 686f 756c 6420 7365 6e64 2061 2062 should send a b\n+00000e10: 7567 2072 6570 6f72 740a 2a20 4675 7475 ug report.* Futu\n+00000e20: 7265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 re:: \n+00000e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f 6d65 2066 Some f\n+00000e40: 7574 7572 6520 706c 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 uture plans on G\n+00000e50: 5255 420a 2a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 RUB.* Copying Th\n+00000e60: 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 is Manual:: \n+00000e70: 2020 2020 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 Copying This\n+00000e80: 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a20 496e 6465 783a Manual.* Index:\n+00000e90: 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e :....File: grub.\n+00000ea0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 info, Node: Int\n+00000eb0: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 roduction, Next\n+00000ec0: 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 : Naming convent\n+00000ed0: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 546f 702c ion, Prev: Top,\n+00000ee0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 Up: Top..1 Int\n+00000ef0: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2047 5255 roduction to GRU\n+00000f00: 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a B.**************\n+00000f10: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 ********..* Menu\n+00000f20: 3a0a 0a2a 204f 7665 7276 6965 773a 3a20 :..* Overview:: \n+00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000f40: 2020 2057 6861 7420 6578 6163 746c 7920 What exactly \n+00000f50: 4752 5542 2069 7320 616e 6420 686f 7720 GRUB is and how \n+00000f60: 746f 2075 7365 2069 740a 2a20 4869 7374 to use it.* Hist\n+00000f70: 6f72 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ory:: \n+00000f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4672 6f6d 206d From m\n+00000f90: 6167 676f 7420 746f 2068 6f75 7365 2066 aggot to house f\n+00000fa0: 6c79 0a2a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f ly.* Changes fro\n+00000fb0: 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a 3a20 m GRUB Legacy:: \n+00000fc0: 2020 2044 6966 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2066 Differences f\n+00000fd0: 726f 6d20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 rom previous ver\n+00000fe0: 7369 6f6e 730a 2a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 sions.* Features\n+00000ff0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00001000: 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 GRUB featu\n+00001010: 7265 730a 2a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 res.* Role of a \n+00001020: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 boot loader:: \n+00001030: 2020 2020 5468 6520 726f 6c65 206f 6620 The role of \n+00001040: 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 0a1f a boot loader...\n+00001050: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00001060: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 , Node: Overvie\n+00001070: 772c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 w, Next: Histor\n+00001080: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 y, Up: Introduc\n+00001090: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3120 4f76 6572 7669 tion..1.1 Overvi\n+000010a0: 6577 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ew.============.\n+000010b0: 0a42 7269 6566 6c79 2c20 6120 e280 9c62 .Briefly, a ...b\n+000010c0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9d20 6973 oot loader... is\n+000010d0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6f66 7477 the first softw\n+000010e0: 6172 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 7468 6174 are program that\n+000010f0: 2072 756e 7320 7768 656e 2061 0a63 6f6d runs when a.com\n+00001100: 7075 7465 7220 7374 6172 7473 2e20 2049 puter starts. I\n+00001110: 7420 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 t is responsible\n+00001120: 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e64 for loading and\n+00001130: 2074 7261 6e73 6665 7272 696e 6720 636f transferring co\n+00001140: 6e74 726f 6c0a 746f 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 ntrol.to an oper\n+00001150: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 20e2 809c ating system ...\n+00001160: 6b65 726e 656c e280 9d20 736f 6674 7761 kernel... softwa\n+00001170: 7265 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 4c69 6e75 re (such as Linu\n+00001180: 7820 6f72 2047 4e55 204d 6163 6829 2e0a x or GNU Mach)..\n+00001190: 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 696e 2074 The kernel, in t\n+000011a0: 7572 6e2c 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 urn, initializes\n+000011b0: 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the rest of the\n+000011c0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+000011d0: 6d20 2865 2e67 2e0a 6120 474e 5520 7379 m (e.g..a GNU sy\n+000011e0: 7374 656d 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 4e55 2047 stem)... GNU G\n+000011f0: 5255 4220 6973 2061 2076 6572 7920 706f RUB is a very po\n+00001200: 7765 7266 756c 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 werful boot load\n+00001210: 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6c6f er, which can lo\n+00001220: 6164 2061 2077 6964 650a 7661 7269 6574 ad a wide.variet\n+00001230: 7920 6f66 2066 7265 6520 6f70 6572 6174 y of free operat\n+00001240: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 7320 ing systems, as \n+00001250: 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7072 6f70 7269 6574 well as propriet\n+00001260: 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e 670a 7379 ary operating.sy\n+00001270: 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 2063 6861 696e stems with chain\n+00001280: 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2831 2920 282a 6e6f -loading(1) (*no\n+00001290: 7465 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d 466f 6f74 te Overview-Foot\n+000012a0: 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 4752 5542 note-1::). GRUB\n+000012b0: 2069 730a 6465 7369 676e 6564 2074 6f20 is.designed to \n+000012c0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 address the comp\n+000012d0: 6c65 7869 7479 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e lexity of bootin\n+000012e0: 6720 6120 7065 7273 6f6e 616c 2063 6f6d g a personal com\n+000012f0: 7075 7465 723b 2062 6f74 680a 7468 6520 puter; both.the \n+00001300: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 616e 6420 7468 6973 program and this\n+00001310: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6172 6520 7469 6768 manual are tigh\n+00001320: 746c 7920 626f 756e 6420 746f 2074 6861 tly bound to tha\n+00001330: 7420 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2070 6c61 7466 t computer platf\n+00001340: 6f72 6d2c 0a61 6c74 686f 7567 6820 706f orm,.although po\n+00001350: 7274 696e 6720 746f 206f 7468 6572 2070 rting to other p\n+00001360: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 206d 6179 2062 6520 latforms may be \n+00001370: 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 addressed in the\n+00001380: 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e65 future... One\n+00001390: 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 706f 7274 616e of the importan\n+000013a0: 7420 6665 6174 7572 6573 2069 6e20 4752 t features in GR\n+000013b0: 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 696c 6974 UB is flexibilit\n+000013c0: 793b 2047 5255 420a 756e 6465 7273 7461 y; GRUB.understa\n+000013d0: 6e64 7320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 nds filesystems \n+000013e0: 616e 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2065 7865 6375 and kernel execu\n+000013f0: 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 732c 2073 table formats, s\n+00001400: 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 0a61 o you can load.a\n+00001410: 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 6f70 6572 n arbitrary oper\n+00001420: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2074 6865 ating system the\n+00001430: 2077 6179 2079 6f75 206c 696b 652c 2077 way you like, w\n+00001440: 6974 686f 7574 2072 6563 6f72 6469 6e67 ithout recording\n+00001450: 2074 6865 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 706f the.physical po\n+00001460: 7369 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 796f 7572 206b sition of your k\n+00001470: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6973 ernel on the dis\n+00001480: 6b2e 2020 5468 7573 2079 6f75 2063 616e k. Thus you can\n+00001490: 206c 6f61 6420 7468 650a 6b65 726e 656c load the.kernel\n+000014a0: 206a 7573 7420 6279 2073 7065 6369 6679 just by specify\n+000014b0: 696e 6720 6974 7320 6669 6c65 206e 616d ing its file nam\n+000014c0: 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 e and the drive \n+000014d0: 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 7768 and partition.wh\n+000014e0: 6572 6520 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2072 ere the kernel r\n+000014f0: 6573 6964 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e esides... When\n+00001500: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2077 6974 6820 4752 booting with GR\n+00001510: 5542 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 UB, you can use \n+00001520: 6569 7468 6572 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 either a command\n+00001530: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a -line interface.\n+00001540: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c (*note Command-l\n+00001550: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 ine interface::)\n+00001560: 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 , or a menu inte\n+00001570: 7266 6163 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 656e rface (*note Men\n+00001580: 750a 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 2e20 u.interface::). \n+00001590: 2055 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 Using the comma\n+000015a0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n+000015b0: 652c 2079 6f75 2074 7970 6520 7468 6520 e, you type the \n+000015c0: 6472 6976 650a 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 drive.specificat\n+000015d0: 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 206e 616d ion and file nam\n+000015e0: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 e of the kernel \n+000015f0: 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 manually. In th\n+00001600: 6520 6d65 6e75 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu.interface\n+00001610: 2c20 796f 7520 6a75 7374 2073 656c 6563 , you just selec\n+00001620: 7420 616e 204f 5320 7573 696e 6720 7468 t an OS using th\n+00001630: 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 e arrow keys. T\n+00001640: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a62 6173 6564 he menu is.based\n+00001650: 206f 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 on a configurat\n+00001660: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 6869 6368 2079 ion file which y\n+00001670: 6f75 2070 7265 7061 7265 2062 6566 6f72 ou prepare befor\n+00001680: 6568 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a43 6f6e ehand (*note.Con\n+00001690: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 figuration::). \n+000016a0: 5768 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e While in the men\n+000016b0: 752c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7769 7463 u, you can switc\n+000016c0: 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 h to the command\n+000016d0: 2d6c 696e 650a 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 -line.mode, and \n+000016e0: 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 2e20 2059 6f75 vice-versa. You\n+000016f0: 2063 616e 2065 7665 6e20 6564 6974 206d can even edit m\n+00001700: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f enu entries befo\n+00001710: 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a re using them...\n+00001720: 2020 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 In the follow\n+00001730: 696e 6720 6368 6170 7465 7273 2c20 796f ing chapters, yo\n+00001740: 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 726e 2068 6f77 u will learn how\n+00001750: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 6472 to specify a dr\n+00001760: 6976 652c 2061 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ive, a.partition\n+00001770: 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d , and a file nam\n+00001780: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d 696e 6720 e (*note Naming \n+00001790: 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 746f convention::) to\n+000017a0: 2047 5255 422c 2068 6f77 2074 6f0a 696e GRUB, how to.in\n+000017b0: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f stall GRUB on yo\n+000017c0: 7572 2064 7269 7665 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ur drive (*note \n+000017d0: 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c Installation::),\n+000017e0: 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 and how to boot\n+000017f0: 2079 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 your.OSes (*not\n+00001800: 6520 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 7374 e Booting::), st\n+00001810: 6570 2062 7920 7374 6570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ep by step.....F\n+00001820: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00001830: 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d Node: Overview-\n+00001840: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Footnotes, Up: \n+00001850: 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 Overview.. (1)\n+00001860: 20e2 809c 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 e280 ...chain-load..\n+00001870: 9d20 6973 2074 6865 206d 6563 6861 6e69 . is the mechani\n+00001880: 736d 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2075 sm for loading u\n+00001890: 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 7065 7261 nsupported opera\n+000018a0: 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 2062 7920 ting.systems by \n+000018b0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 loading another \n+000018c0: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4974 boot loader. It\n+000018d0: 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 is typically us\n+000018e0: 6564 2066 6f72 0a6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2044 ed for.loading D\n+000018f0: 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 0a0a OS or Windows...\n+00001900: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00001910: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 o, Node: Histor\n+00001920: 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 616e 6765 y, Next: Change\n+00001930: 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 s from GRUB Lega\n+00001940: 6379 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 7665 7276 cy, Prev: Overv\n+00001950: 6965 772c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 iew, Up: Introd\n+00001960: 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3220 4869 7374 uction..1.2 Hist\n+00001970: 6f72 7920 6f66 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d ory of GRUB.====\n+00001980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00001990: 0a47 5255 4220 6f72 6967 696e 6174 6564 .GRUB originated\n+000019a0: 2069 6e20 3139 3935 2077 6865 6e20 4572 in 1995 when Er\n+000019b0: 6963 6820 426f 6c65 796e 2077 6173 2074 ich Boleyn was t\n+000019c0: 7279 696e 6720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 rying to boot th\n+000019d0: 6520 474e 550a 4875 7264 2077 6974 6820 e GNU.Hurd with \n+000019e0: 7468 6520 556e 6976 6572 7369 7479 206f the University o\n+000019f0: 6620 5574 6168 2773 204d 6163 6820 3420 f Utah's Mach 4 \n+00001a00: 6d69 6372 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c20 286e 6f77 microkernel (now\n+00001a10: 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 474e 550a 4d61 known as GNU.Ma\n+00001a20: 6368 292e 2020 4572 6963 6820 616e 6420 ch). Erich and \n+00001a30: 4272 6961 6e20 466f 7264 2064 6573 6967 Brian Ford desig\n+00001a40: 6e65 6420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ned the Multiboo\n+00001a50: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 t Specification \n+00001a60: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 (*note.Multiboot\n+00001a70: 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 3a20 Specification: \n+00001a80: 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 6f70 2e29 (multiboot)Top.)\n+00001a90: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6579 2077 , because they w\n+00001aa0: 6572 6520 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 0a6e ere determined.n\n+00001ab0: 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 ot to add to the\n+00001ac0: 206c 6172 6765 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 large number of\n+00001ad0: 206d 7574 7561 6c6c 792d 696e 636f 6d70 mutually-incomp\n+00001ae0: 6174 6962 6c65 2050 4320 626f 6f74 206d atible PC boot m\n+00001af0: 6574 686f 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4572 6963 ethods... Eric\n+00001b00: 6820 7468 656e 2062 6567 616e 206d 6f64 h then began mod\n+00001b10: 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2046 7265 6542 ifying the FreeB\n+00001b20: 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2073 SD boot loader s\n+00001b30: 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f 756c 640a o that it would.\n+00001b40: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 204d 756c 7469 understand Multi\n+00001b50: 626f 6f74 2e20 2048 6520 736f 6f6e 2072 boot. He soon r\n+00001b60: 6561 6c69 7a65 6420 7468 6174 2069 7420 ealized that it \n+00001b70: 776f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c 6f74 2065 would be a lot e\n+00001b80: 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a77 7269 7465 2068 asier to.write h\n+00001b90: 6973 206f 776e 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 is own boot load\n+00001ba0: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7363 7261 7463 6820 er from scratch \n+00001bb0: 7468 616e 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 2077 6f72 than to keep wor\n+00001bc0: 6b69 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 4672 6565 king on the.Free\n+00001bd0: 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c BSD boot loader,\n+00001be0: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 4752 5542 2077 6173 and so GRUB was\n+00001bf0: 2062 6f72 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2045 7269 6368 born... Erich\n+00001c00: 2061 6464 6564 206d 616e 7920 6665 6174 added many feat\n+00001c10: 7572 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 ures to GRUB, bu\n+00001c20: 7420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 7469 t other prioriti\n+00001c30: 6573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 6564 2068 696d es prevented him\n+00001c40: 0a66 726f 6d20 6b65 6570 696e 6720 7570 .from keeping up\n+00001c50: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6465 6d61 6e64 with the demand\n+00001c60: 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2071 7569 636b 6c79 s of its quickly\n+00001c70: 2d65 7870 616e 6469 6e67 2075 7365 7220 -expanding user \n+00001c80: 6261 7365 2e20 2049 6e0a 3139 3939 2c20 base. In.1999, \n+00001c90: 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 Gordon Matzigkei\n+00001ca0: 7420 616e 6420 596f 7368 696e 6f72 6920 t and Yoshinori \n+00001cb0: 4b2e 204f 6b75 6a69 2061 646f 7074 6564 K. Okuji adopted\n+00001cc0: 2047 5255 4220 6173 2061 6e0a 6f66 6669 GRUB as an.offi\n+00001cd0: 6369 616c 2047 4e55 2070 6163 6b61 6765 cial GNU package\n+00001ce0: 2c20 616e 6420 6f70 656e 6564 2069 7473 , and opened its\n+00001cf0: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2062 7920 development by \n+00001d00: 6d61 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 206c 6174 6573 making the lates\n+00001d10: 740a 736f 7572 6365 7320 6176 6169 6c61 t.sources availa\n+00001d20: 626c 6520 7669 6120 616e 6f6e 796d 6f75 ble via anonymou\n+00001d30: 7320 4356 532e 202a 4e6f 7465 204f 6274 s CVS. *Note Obt\n+00001d40: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n+00001d50: 696e 670a 4752 5542 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 ing.GRUB::, for \n+00001d60: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n+00001d70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f76 6572 2074 6865 206e ... Over the n\n+00001d80: 6578 7420 6665 7720 7965 6172 732c 2047 ext few years, G\n+00001d90: 5255 4220 7761 7320 6578 7465 6e64 6564 RUB was extended\n+00001da0: 2074 6f20 6d65 6574 206d 616e 7920 6e65 to meet many ne\n+00001db0: 6564 732c 2062 7574 2069 740a 7175 6963 eds, but it.quic\n+00001dc0: 6b6c 7920 6265 6361 6d65 2063 6c65 6172 kly became clear\n+00001dd0: 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 6465 7369 676e that its design\n+00001de0: 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206b 6565 7069 6e67 was not keeping\n+00001df0: 2075 7020 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a65 7874 up with the.ext\n+00001e00: 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 6265 696e 6720 6d61 ensions being ma\n+00001e10: 6465 2074 6f20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 7765 de to it, and we\n+00001e20: 2072 6561 6368 6564 2074 6865 2070 6f69 reached the poi\n+00001e30: 6e74 2077 6865 7265 2069 7420 7761 7320 nt where it was \n+00001e40: 7665 7279 0a64 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 very.difficult t\n+00001e50: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 6e79 2066 7572 7468 o make any furth\n+00001e60: 6572 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2077 6974 686f er changes witho\n+00001e70: 7574 2062 7265 616b 696e 6720 6578 6973 ut breaking exis\n+00001e80: 7469 6e67 0a66 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 ting.features. \n+00001e90: 4172 6f75 6e64 2032 3030 322c 2059 6f73 Around 2002, Yos\n+00001ea0: 6869 6e6f 7269 204b 2e20 4f6b 756a 6920 hinori K. Okuji \n+00001eb0: 7374 6172 7465 6420 776f 726b 206f 6e20 started work on \n+00001ec0: 5055 5041 0a28 5072 656c 696d 696e 6172 PUPA.(Preliminar\n+00001ed0: 7920 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c20 5072 6f67 y Universal Prog\n+00001ee0: 7261 6d6d 696e 6720 4172 6368 6974 6563 ramming Architec\n+00001ef0: 7475 7265 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2047 5255 ture for GNU GRU\n+00001f00: 4229 2c20 6169 6d69 6e67 2074 6f0a 7265 B), aiming to.re\n+00001f10: 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 636f 7265 206f write the core o\n+00001f20: 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 f GRUB to make i\n+00001f30: 7420 636c 6561 6e65 722c 2073 6166 6572 t cleaner, safer\n+00001f40: 2c20 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 742c 2061 , more robust, a\n+00001f50: 6e64 0a6d 6f72 6520 706f 7765 7266 756c nd.more powerful\n+00001f60: 2e20 2050 5550 4120 7761 7320 6576 656e . PUPA was even\n+00001f70: 7475 616c 6c79 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 tually renamed t\n+00001f80: 6f20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 616e 6420 7468 o GRUB 2, and th\n+00001f90: 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 0a76 6572 7369 e original.versi\n+00001fa0: 6f6e 206f 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 2072 on of GRUB was r\n+00001fb0: 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 204c enamed to GRUB L\n+00001fc0: 6567 6163 792e 2020 536d 616c 6c20 616d egacy. Small am\n+00001fd0: 6f75 6e74 7320 6f66 0a6d 6169 6e74 656e ounts of.mainten\n+00001fe0: 616e 6365 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6564 2074 ance continued t\n+00001ff0: 6f20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6f6e 2047 5255 o be done on GRU\n+00002000: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 6275 7420 7468 B Legacy, but th\n+00002010: 6520 6c61 7374 2072 656c 6561 7365 0a28 e last release.(\n+00002020: 302e 3937 2920 7761 7320 6d61 6465 2069 0.97) was made i\n+00002030: 6e20 3230 3035 2061 6e64 2061 7420 7468 n 2005 and at th\n+00002040: 6520 7469 6d65 206f 6620 7772 6974 696e e time of writin\n+00002050: 6720 6974 2073 6565 6d73 2075 6e6c 696b g it seems unlik\n+00002060: 656c 790a 7468 6174 2074 6865 7265 2077 ely.that there w\n+00002070: 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2e0a ill be another..\n+00002080: 0a20 2020 4279 2061 726f 756e 6420 3230 . By around 20\n+00002090: 3037 2c20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 07, GNU/Linux di\n+000020a0: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6172 stributions star\n+000020b0: 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 2047 5255 4220 ted to use GRUB \n+000020c0: 3220 746f 0a6c 696d 6974 6564 2065 7874 2 to.limited ext\n+000020d0: 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2074 6865 ents, and by the\n+000020e0: 2065 6e64 206f 6620 3230 3039 206d 756c end of 2009 mul\n+000020f0: 7469 706c 6520 6d61 6a6f 7220 6469 7374 tiple major dist\n+00002100: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 730a 7765 7265 2069 ributions.were i\n+00002110: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 6974 2062 7920 nstalling it by \n+00002120: 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 default.....File\n+00002130: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00002140: 6465 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d de: Changes from\n+00002150: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 204e GRUB Legacy, N\n+00002160: 6578 743a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732c 2020 ext: Features, \n+00002170: 5072 6576 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 Prev: History, \n+00002180: 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e Up: Introduction\n+00002190: 0a0a 312e 3320 4469 6666 6572 656e 6365 ..1.3 Difference\n+000021a0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 s from previous \n+000021b0: 7665 7273 696f 6e73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d versions.=======\n 000021c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 =========..GRUB \n-000021e0: 3220 6973 2061 2072 6577 7269 7465 206f 2 is a rewrite o\n-000021f0: 6620 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4869 f GRUB (*note Hi\n-00002200: 7374 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 story::), althou\n-00002210: 6768 2069 7420 7368 6172 6573 206d 616e gh it shares man\n-00002220: 790a 6368 6172 6163 7465 7269 7374 6963 y.characteristic\n-00002230: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 s with the previ\n-00002240: 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 206e 6f77 ous version, now\n-00002250: 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4752 5542 204c known as GRUB L\n-00002260: 6567 6163 792e 0a55 7365 7273 206f 6620 egacy..Users of \n-00002270: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 6d61 7920 GRUB Legacy may \n-00002280: 6e65 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 6775 6964 616e need some guidan\n-00002290: 6365 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6972 ce to find their\n-000022a0: 2077 6179 2061 726f 756e 640a 7468 6973 way around.this\n-000022b0: 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 new version... \n-000022c0: 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 ... The config\n-000022d0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2068 6173 uration file has\n-000022e0: 2061 206e 6577 206e 616d 6520 28e2 8098 a new name (...\n-000022f0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 7261 7468 grub.cfg... rath\n-00002300: 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 er than. ...\n-00002310: 6d65 6e75 2e6c 7374 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 menu.lst... or .\n-00002320: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6f6e 66e2 8099 292c ..grub.conf...),\n-00002330: 206e 6577 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f new syntax (*no\n-00002340: 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e te Configuration\n-00002350: 3a3a 2920 616e 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e ::) and. man\n-00002360: 7920 6e65 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 y new commands (\n-00002370: 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a *note Commands::\n-00002380: 292e 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ). 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(\n-00002460: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e *note Simple con\n-00002470: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 figuration::). \n-00002480: 5468 6973 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 This makes it ea\n-00002490: 7369 6572 2074 6f20 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 sier to handle. \n-000024a0: 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 versioned ke\n-000024b0: 726e 656c 2075 7067 7261 6465 732e 0a0a rnel upgrades...\n-000024c0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ... Partition\n-000024d0: 206e 756d 6265 7273 2069 6e20 4752 5542 numbers in GRUB\n-000024e0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f device names no\n-000024f0: 7720 7374 6172 7420 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f w start at 1, no\n-00002500: 7420 3020 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 t 0 (*note. \n-00002510: 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f Naming conventio\n-00002520: 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 n::)... ... 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The im\n-000029e0: 6167 6520 6669 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 age files (*note\n-000029f0: 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 Images::) that \n-00002a00: 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 make up GRUB hav\n-00002a10: 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 e been. reor\n-00002a20: 6761 6e69 7365 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 ganised; Stage 1\n-00002a30: 2c20 5374 6167 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 , Stage 1.5, and\n-00002a40: 2053 7461 6765 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 Stage 2 are no \n-00002a50: 6d6f 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 more... ... GR\n-00002a60: 5542 2032 2070 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 UB 2 puts many f\n-00002a70: 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e acilities in dyn\n-00002a80: 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 amically loaded \n-00002a90: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e modules, allowin\n-00002aa0: 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 g. the core \n-00002ab0: 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c image to be smal\n-00002ac0: 6c65 722c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e ler, and allowin\n-00002ad0: 6720 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 g the core image\n-00002ae0: 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c to be. buil\n-00002af0: 7420 696e 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 t in more flexib\n-00002b00: 6c65 2077 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 le ways.....File\n-00002b10: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00002b20: 6465 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e de: Features, N\n-00002b30: 6578 743a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 ext: Role of a b\n-00002b40: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 oot loader, Pre\n-00002b50: 763a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 v: Changes from \n-00002b60: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 GRUB Legacy, Up\n-00002b70: 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a : Introduction..\n-00002b80: 312e 3420 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 1.4 GRUB feature\n-00002b90: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n-00002ba0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 ===..The primary\n-00002bb0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 requirement for\n-00002bc0: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 GRUB is that it\n-00002bd0: 2062 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 be compliant wi\n-00002be0: 7468 2074 6865 0ae2 809c 4d75 6c74 6962 th the....Multib\n-00002bf0: 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot Specificatio\n-00002c00: 6ee2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2064 n..., which is d\n-00002c10: 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 escribed in *not\n-00002c20: 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 e Multiboot.Spec\n-00002c30: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 ification: (mult\n-00002c40: 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 iboot)Top... T\n-00002c50: 6865 206f 7468 6572 2067 6f61 6c73 2c20 he other goals, \n-00002c60: 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 6170 7072 6f78 listed in approx\n-00002c70: 696d 6174 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2069 imate order of i\n-00002c80: 6d70 6f72 7461 6e63 652c 2061 7265 3a0a mportance, are:.\n-00002c90: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4261 7369 6320 6675 . ... Basic fu\n-00002ca0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 nctions must be \n-00002cb0: 7374 7261 6967 6874 666f 7277 6172 6420 straightforward \n-00002cc0: 666f 7220 656e 642d 7573 6572 732e 0a0a for end-users...\n-00002cd0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2052 6963 6820 6675 6e63 ... Rich func\n-00002ce0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 746f 2073 7570 tionality to sup\n-00002cf0: 706f 7274 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6578 7065 port kernel expe\n-00002d00: 7274 7320 616e 6420 6465 7369 676e 6572 rts and designer\n-00002d10: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2042 6163 6b77 s... ... Backw\n-00002d20: 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 ard compatibilit\n-00002d30: 7920 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4672 y for booting Fr\n-00002d40: 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 442c 204f eeBSD, NetBSD, O\n-00002d50: 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 penBSD, and. \n-00002d60: 204c 696e 7578 2e20 2050 726f 7072 6965 Linux. Proprie\n-00002d70: 7461 7279 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2028 7375 tary kernels (su\n-00002d80: 6368 2061 7320 444f 532c 2057 696e 646f ch as DOS, Windo\n-00002d90: 7773 204e 542c 2061 6e64 204f 532f 3229 ws NT, and OS/2)\n-00002da0: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 are. suppor\n-00002db0: 7465 6420 7669 6120 6120 6368 6169 6e2d ted via a chain-\n-00002dc0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e loading function\n-00002dd0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 6365 7074 2066 6f72 ... 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If no c\n-00003560: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00003570: 6520 6973 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2c0a 2020 e is present,. \n-00003580: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6472 6f70 7320 746f GRUB drops to\n-00003590: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n-000035a0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 e... The lis\n-000035b0: 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a t of commands (*\n-000035c0: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 note Commands::)\n-000035d0: 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 7420 6f66 are a subset of\n-000035e0: 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 those. supp\n-000035f0: 6f72 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f 6e66 6967 orted for config\n-00003600: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 2020 uration files. \n-00003610: 4564 6974 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Editing commands\n-00003620: 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 closely. re\n-00003630: 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 6520 4261 7368 sembles the Bash\n-00003640: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 282a command-line (*\n-00003650: 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a 2028 6665 6174 note Bash: (feat\n-00003660: 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 6e64 204c 696e ures)Command Lin\n-00003670: 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 7469 6e67 2e29 e. 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Support mu\n-00003720: 6c74 6970 6c65 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 ltiple filesyste\n-00003730: 6d20 7479 7065 7320 7472 616e 7370 6172 m types transpar\n-00003740: 656e 746c 792c 2070 6c75 7320 6120 7573 ently, plus a us\n-00003750: 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c 6963 eful. explic\n-00003760: 6974 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 206e 6f74 it blocklist not\n-00003770: 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 ation. The curr\n-00003780: 656e 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 ently supported \n-00003790: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 filesystem. \n-000037a0: 7479 7065 7320 6172 6520 e280 9c41 6d69 types are ...Ami\n-000037b0: 6761 2046 6173 7420 4669 6c65 5379 7374 ga Fast FileSyst\n-000037c0: 656d 2028 4146 4653 29e2 809d 2c20 e280 em (AFFS)..., ..\n-000037d0: 9c41 7468 654f 5320 6673 e280 9d2c 20e2 .AtheOS fs..., .\n-000037e0: 809c 4265 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 ..BeFS...,. \n-000037f0: e280 9c42 7472 4653 e280 9d20 2869 6e63 ...BtrFS... (inc\n-00003800: 6c75 6469 6e67 2072 6169 6430 2c20 7261 luding raid0, ra\n-00003810: 6964 312c 2072 6169 6431 302c 2067 7a69 id1, raid10, gzi\n-00003820: 7020 616e 6420 6c7a 6f29 2c20 e280 9c63 p and lzo), ...c\n-00003830: 7069 6fe2 809d 0a20 2020 2020 286c 6974 pio.... (lit\n-00003840: 746c 652d 2061 6e64 2062 6967 2d65 6e64 tle- and big-end\n-00003850: 6961 6e20 6269 6e2c 206f 6463 2061 6e64 ian bin, odc and\n-00003860: 206e 6577 6320 7661 7269 616e 7473 292c newc variants),\n-00003870: 20e2 809c 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 2065 ...Linux. e\n-00003880: 7874 322f 6578 7433 2f65 7874 34e2 809d xt2/ext3/ext4...\n-00003890: 2c20 e280 9c44 4f53 2046 4154 3132 2f46 , ...DOS FAT12/F\n-000038a0: 4154 3136 2f46 4154 3332 e280 9d2c 20e2 AT16/FAT32..., .\n-000038b0: 809c 6578 4641 54e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c46 ..exFAT..., ...F\n-000038c0: 3246 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c48 4653 e280 2FS..., ...HFS..\n-000038d0: 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9c48 4653 2be2 .,. ...HFS+.\n-000038e0: 809d 2c20 e280 9c49 534f 3936 3630 e280 .., ...ISO9660..\n-000038f0: 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 204a 6f6c . (including Jol\n-00003900: 6965 742c 2052 6f63 6b2d 7269 6467 6520 iet, Rock-ridge \n-00003910: 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 692d 6368 756e 6b0a and multi-chunk.\n-00003920: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 292c 20e2 809c files), ...\n-00003930: 4a46 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c4d 696e 6978 JFS..., ...Minix\n-00003940: 2066 73e2 809d 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e73 fs... (versions\n-00003950: 2031 2c20 3220 616e 6420 3329 2c20 e280 1, 2 and 3), ..\n-00003960: 9c6e 696c 6673 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c4e .nilfs2..., ...N\n-00003970: 5446 53e2 809d 0a20 2020 2020 2869 6e63 TFS.... (inc\n-00003980: 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 luding compressi\n-00003990: 6f6e 292c 20e2 809c 5265 6973 6572 4653 on), ...ReiserFS\n-000039a0: e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 524f 4d46 53e2 809d ..., ...ROMFS...\n-000039b0: 2c20 e280 9c41 6d69 6761 2053 6d61 7274 , ...Amiga Smart\n-000039c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c65 5379 7374 656d . FileSystem\n-000039d0: 2028 5346 5329 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 5371 (SFS)..., ...Sq\n-000039e0: 7561 7368 34e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c74 6172 uash4..., ...tar\n-000039f0: e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 5544 46e2 809d 2c20 ..., ...UDF..., \n-00003a00: e280 9c42 5344 2055 4653 2f55 4653 32e2 ...BSD UFS/UFS2.\n-00003a10: 809d 2c20 e280 9c58 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 .., ...XFS...,. \n-00003a20: 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9c5a 4653 e280 and ...ZFS..\n-00003a30: 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206c 7a6a . (including lzj\n-00003a40: 622c 2067 7a69 702c 207a 6c65 2c20 6d69 b, gzip, zle, mi\n-00003a50: 7272 6f72 2c20 7374 7269 7065 2c20 7261 rror, stripe, ra\n-00003a60: 6964 7a31 2f32 2f33 0a20 2020 2020 616e idz1/2/3. an\n-00003a70: 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 d encryption in \n-00003a80: 4145 532d 4343 4d20 616e 6420 4145 532d AES-CCM and AES-\n-00003a90: 4743 4d29 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 GCM). *Note File\n-00003aa0: 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2c20 666f 720a 2020 system::, for. \n-00003ab0: 2020 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 more informat\n-00003ac0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6175 ion...Support au\n-00003ad0: 746f 6d61 7469 6320 6465 636f 6d70 7265 tomatic decompre\n-00003ae0: 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2043 616e 2064 ssion. Can d\n-00003af0: 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 6669 6c65 7320 ecompress files \n-00003b00: 7768 6963 6820 7765 7265 2063 6f6d 7072 which were compr\n-00003b10: 6573 7365 6420 6279 20e2 8098 677a 6970 essed by ...gzip\n-00003b20: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 787a e280 9928 ... or ...xz...(\n-00003b30: 3229 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 2). (*note F\n-00003b40: 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 eatures-Footnote\n-00003b50: 2d32 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e -2::). This fun\n-00003b60: 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2062 6f74 6820 6175 ction is both au\n-00003b70: 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e 640a 2020 2020 tomatic and. \n-00003b80: 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2074 6f20 transparent to \n-00003b90: 7468 6520 7573 6572 2028 692e 652e 2020 the user (i.e. \n-00003ba0: 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f70 all functions op\n-00003bb0: 6572 6174 6520 7570 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 erate upon the. \n-00003bc0: 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 uncompressed\n-00003bd0: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 contents of the\n-00003be0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c 6573 specified files\n-00003bf0: 292e 2020 5468 6973 2067 7265 6174 6c79 ). This greatly\n-00003c00: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6475 6365 7320 6120 . reduces a \n-00003c10: 6669 6c65 2073 697a 6520 616e 6420 6c6f file size and lo\n-00003c20: 6164 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2c20 6120 7061 ading time, a pa\n-00003c30: 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2067 7265 6174 rticularly great\n-00003c40: 2062 656e 6566 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f benefit. fo\n-00003c50: 7220 666c 6f70 7069 6573 2e28 3329 2020 r floppies.(3) \n-00003c60: 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d (*note Features-\n-00003c70: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d33 3a3a 290a 0a20 Footnote-3::).. \n-00003c80: 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6569 It is concei\n-00003c90: 7661 626c 6520 7468 6174 2073 6f6d 6520 vable that some \n-00003ca0: 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 kernel modules s\n-00003cb0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 hould be loaded \n-00003cc0: 696e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 7265 in a. compre\n-00003cd0: 7373 6564 2073 7461 7465 2c20 736f 2061 ssed state, so a\n-00003ce0: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 756c different modul\n-00003cf0: 652d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e e-loading comman\n-00003d00: 6420 6361 6e20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7370 d can be. sp\n-00003d10: 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 2061 766f 6964 ecified to avoid\n-00003d20: 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 uncompressing t\n-00003d30: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a41 6363 he modules...Acc\n-00003d40: 6573 7320 6461 7461 206f 6e20 616e 7920 ess data on any \n-00003d50: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6465 7669 6365 installed device\n-00003d60: 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 . Support re\n-00003d70: 6164 696e 6720 6461 7461 2066 726f 6d20 ading data from \n-00003d80: 616e 7920 6f72 2061 6c6c 2066 6c6f 7070 any or all flopp\n-00003d90: 6965 7320 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b ies or hard disk\n-00003da0: 2873 290a 2020 2020 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 (s). recogni\n-00003db0: 7a65 6420 6279 2074 6865 2042 494f 532c zed by the BIOS,\n-00003dc0: 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 independent of \n-00003dd0: 7468 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 6f66 2074 the setting of t\n-00003de0: 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 he root. dev\n-00003df0: 6963 652e 0a0a 4265 2069 6e64 6570 656e ice...Be indepen\n-00003e00: 6465 6e74 206f 6620 6472 6976 6520 6765 dent of drive ge\n-00003e10: 6f6d 6574 7279 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 ometry translati\n-00003e20: 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 ons. Unlike \n-00003e30: 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 many other boot \n-00003e40: 6c6f 6164 6572 732c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 loaders, GRUB ma\n-00003e50: 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c kes the particul\n-00003e60: 6172 2064 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 7472 ar drive. tr\n-00003e70: 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 anslation irrele\n-00003e80: 7661 6e74 2e20 2041 2064 7269 7665 2069 vant. A drive i\n-00003e90: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 6e64 2072 756e nstalled and run\n-00003ea0: 6e69 6e67 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 ning with one. \n-00003eb0: 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d translation m\n-00003ec0: 6179 2062 6520 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 ay be converted \n-00003ed0: 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2074 7261 6e73 to another trans\n-00003ee0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 lation without a\n-00003ef0: 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7665 7273 6520 ny. adverse \n-00003f00: 6566 6665 6374 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 effects or chang\n-00003f10: 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2773 2063 6f6e es in GRUB's con\n-00003f20: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 figuration...Det\n-00003f30: 6563 7420 616c 6c20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 ect all installe\n-00003f40: 6420 5241 4d0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 d RAM. GRUB \n-00003f50: 6361 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 can generally fi\n-00003f60: 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 nd all the insta\n-00003f70: 6c6c 6564 2052 414d 206f 6e20 6120 5043 lled RAM on a PC\n-00003f80: 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 650a 2020 2020 -compatible. \n-00003f90: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 7573 machine. It us\n-00003fa0: 6573 2061 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2042 es an advanced B\n-00003fb0: 494f 5320 7175 6572 7920 7465 6368 6e69 IOS query techni\n-00003fc0: 7175 6520 666f 7220 6669 6e64 696e 6720 que for finding \n-00003fd0: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 all. memory \n-00003fe0: 7265 6769 6f6e 732e 2020 4173 2064 6573 regions. As des\n-00003ff0: 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 cribed on the Mu\n-00004000: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n-00004010: 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 ation (*note. \n-00004020: 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 Multiboot Spec\n-00004030: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 ification: (mult\n-00004040: 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 292c 206e 6f74 iboot)Top.), not\n-00004050: 2061 6c6c 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206d 616b all kernels mak\n-00004060: 6520 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 e use. of th\n-00004070: 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 is information, \n-00004080: 6275 7420 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 but GRUB provide\n-00004090: 7320 6974 2066 6f72 2074 686f 7365 2077 s it for those w\n-000040a0: 686f 2064 6f2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 ho do...Support \n-000040b0: 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 Logical Block Ad\n-000040c0: 6472 6573 7320 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 dress mode. \n-000040d0: 496e 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 In traditional d\n-000040e0: 6973 6b20 6361 6c6c 7320 2863 616c 6c65 isk calls (calle\n-000040f0: 6420 e280 9c43 4853 206d 6f64 65e2 809d d ...CHS mode...\n-00004100: 292c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6765 ), there is a ge\n-00004110: 6f6d 6574 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e ometry. tran\n-00004120: 736c 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c slation problem,\n-00004130: 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 4249 that is, the BI\n-00004140: 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6163 6365 7373 OS cannot access\n-00004150: 206f 7665 7220 3130 3234 0a20 2020 2020 over 1024. \n-00004160: 6379 6c69 6e64 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 cylinders, so th\n-00004170: 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 7061 e accessible spa\n-00004180: 6365 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f ce is limited to\n-00004190: 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3530 3820 4d42 at least 508 MB\n-000041a0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 746f 2061 7420 . and to at \n-000041b0: 6d6f 7374 2038 4742 2e20 4752 5542 2063 most 8GB. GRUB c\n-000041c0: 616e 2774 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 an't universally\n-000041d0: 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 solve this prob\n-000041e0: 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 lem, as. the\n-000041f0: 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 re is no standar\n-00004200: 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7573 6564 d interface used\n-00004210: 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 6573 in all machines\n-00004220: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 2020 . However,. \n-00004230: 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e 6577 6572 206d several newer m\n-00004240: 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 7665 2074 6865 achines have the\n-00004250: 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 new interface, \n-00004260: 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 Logical Block. \n-00004270: 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2028 e280 9c4c Address (...L\n-00004280: 4241 e280 9d29 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4752 BA...) mode. GR\n-00004290: 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 UB automatically\n-000042a0: 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 4c42 4120 detects if LBA \n-000042b0: 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 mode is. ava\n-000042c0: 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 ilable and uses \n-000042d0: 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e it if available.\n-000042e0: 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 652c 2047 In LBA mode, G\n-000042f0: 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 RUB can access. \n-00004300: 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 the entire d\n-00004310: 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e65 isk...Support ne\n-00004320: 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a 2020 twork booting. \n-00004330: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2062 6173 6963 GRUB is basic\n-00004340: 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 7365 ally a disk-base\n-00004350: 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6275 d boot loader bu\n-00004360: 7420 616c 736f 2068 6173 206e 6574 776f t also has netwo\n-00004370: 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 742e rk. support.\n-00004380: 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204f You can load O\n-00004390: 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 S images from a \n-000043a0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 7369 6e67 network by using\n-000043b0: 2074 6865 20e2 809c 5446 5450 e280 9d0a the ...TFTP....\n-000043c0: 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a protocol...\n-000043d0: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 Support remote t\n-000043e0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f erminals. To\n-000043f0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 support compute\n-00004400: 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f rs with no conso\n-00004410: 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 le, GRUB provide\n-00004420: 7320 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 s remote termina\n-00004430: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 l. support, \n-00004440: 736f 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 so that you can \n-00004450: 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f control GRUB fro\n-00004460: 6d20 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e m a remote host.\n-00004470: 2020 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 Only. seri\n-00004480: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 al terminal supp\n-00004490: 6f72 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 ort is implement\n-000044a0: 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 ed at the moment\n-000044b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000044c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 info, Node: Fea\n-000044d0: 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c tures-Footnotes,\n-000044e0: 2020 5570 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a Up: Features..\n-000044f0: 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 (1) The NetBS\n-00004500: 442f 6933 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 D/i386 kernel is\n-00004510: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c Multiboot-compl\n-00004520: 6961 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 iant, but lacks \n-00004530: 7375 7070 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 support.for Mult\n-00004540: 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a iboot modules...\n-00004550: 2020 2028 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 (2) Only CRC3\n-00004560: 3220 6461 7461 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2 data integrity\n-00004570: 2063 6865 636b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 check is suppor\n-00004580: 7465 6420 2878 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 ted (xz default \n-00004590: 6973 2043 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 is CRC64.so one \n-000045a0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 should use -chec\n-000045b0: 6b3d 6372 6333 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e k=crc32 option).\n-000045c0: 2020 4c5a 4d41 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 LZMA BCJ filte\n-000045d0: 7273 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 rs are supported\n-000045e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 ... (3) There \n-000045f0: 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c are a few pathol\n-00004600: 6f67 6963 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 ogical cases whe\n-00004610: 7265 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 re loading a ver\n-00004620: 7920 6261 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 y badly.organize\n-00004630: 6420 454c 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 d ELF kernel mig\n-00004640: 6874 2074 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 ht take longer, \n-00004650: 6275 7420 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 but in practice \n-00004660: 7468 6973 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 this never.happe\n-00004670: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-00004680: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f .info, Node: Ro\n-00004690: 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 le of a boot loa\n-000046a0: 6465 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 der, Prev: Feat\n-000046b0: 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f ures, Up: Intro\n-000046c0: 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 duction..1.5 The\n-000046d0: 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 role of a boot \n-000046e0: 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d loader.=========\n+000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000021e0: 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 2072 6577 .GRUB 2 is a rew\n+000021f0: 7269 7465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2028 2a6e rite of GRUB (*n\n+00002200: 6f74 6520 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 ote History::), \n+00002210: 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 7368 6172 although it shar\n+00002220: 6573 206d 616e 790a 6368 6172 6163 7465 es many.characte\n+00002230: 7269 7374 6963 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 ristics with the\n+00002240: 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f previous versio\n+00002250: 6e2c 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 n, now known as \n+00002260: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e 0a55 7365 GRUB Legacy..Use\n+00002270: 7273 206f 6620 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 rs of GRUB Legac\n+00002280: 7920 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 y may need some \n+00002290: 6775 6964 616e 6365 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 guidance to find\n+000022a0: 2074 6865 6972 2077 6179 2061 726f 756e their way aroun\n+000022b0: 640a 7468 6973 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 d.this new versi\n+000022c0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 on... ... The \n+000022d0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+000022e0: 6c65 2068 6173 2061 206e 6577 206e 616d le has a new nam\n+000022f0: 6520 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 e (...grub.cfg..\n+00002300: 9920 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 . rather than. \n+00002310: 2020 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 2e6c 7374 e280 ...menu.lst..\n+00002320: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6f6e . or ...grub.con\n+00002330: 66e2 8099 292c 206e 6577 2073 796e 7461 f...), new synta\n+00002340: 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 x (*note Configu\n+00002350: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 616e 640a 2020 ration::) and. \n+00002360: 2020 206d 616e 7920 6e65 7720 636f 6d6d many new comm\n+00002370: 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d ands (*note Comm\n+00002380: 616e 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 436f 6e66 6967 ands::). Config\n+00002390: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 uration cannot b\n+000023a0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6f76 e. copied ov\n+000023b0: 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2061 6c74 er directly, alt\n+000023c0: 686f 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 2047 5255 4220 hough most GRUB \n+000023d0: 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 2073 686f Legacy users sho\n+000023e0: 756c 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696e uld not. fin\n+000023f0: 6420 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2074 6f6f d the syntax too\n+00002400: 2073 7572 7072 6973 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 surprising... \n+00002410: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ... ...grub.cfg\n+00002420: e280 9920 6973 2074 7970 6963 616c 6c79 ... is typically\n+00002430: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2067 automatically g\n+00002440: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 9867 enerated by ...g\n+00002450: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a rub-mkconfig....\n+00002460: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 (*note Simp\n+00002470: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n+00002480: 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 206d 616b 6573 ::). This makes\n+00002490: 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 6861 it easier to ha\n+000024a0: 6e64 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f ndle. versio\n+000024b0: 6e65 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7067 7261 ned kernel upgra\n+000024c0: 6465 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2050 6172 des... ... Par\n+000024d0: 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2069 tition numbers i\n+000024e0: 6e20 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 n GRUB device na\n+000024f0: 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 7374 6172 7420 6174 mes now start at\n+00002500: 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 3020 282a 6e6f 7465 1, not 0 (*note\n+00002510: 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e . Naming con\n+00002520: 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 vention::)... \n+00002530: e280 a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ... 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Th\n+00002680: 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 6c61 is is not availa\n+00002690: 626c 6520 696e 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 ble in all. \n+000026a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2028 configurations (\n+000026b0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e *note Environmen\n+000026c0: 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 t block::)... \n+000026d0: e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 206d ... GRUB 2 has m\n+000026e0: 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2077 6179 ore reliable way\n+000026f0: 7320 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 6f77 s to find its ow\n+00002700: 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7468 6f73 n files and thos\n+00002710: 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 e of. target\n+00002720: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206f 6e20 6d75 6c74 kernels on mult\n+00002730: 6970 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d iple-disk system\n+00002740: 732c 2061 6e64 2068 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 s, and has comma\n+00002750: 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 nds (*note. \n+00002760: 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2920 746f 2066 696e search::) to fin\n+00002770: 6420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7573 696e 6720 d devices using \n+00002780: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 file system labe\n+00002790: 6c73 206f 7220 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c ls or Universall\n+000027a0: 790a 2020 2020 2055 6e69 7175 6520 4964 y. Unique Id\n+000027b0: 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 2855 5549 4473 entifiers (UUIDs\n+000027c0: 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2047 5255 4220 )... ... GRUB \n+000027d0: 3220 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 2 is available f\n+000027e0: 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7468 6572 or several other\n+000027f0: 2074 7970 6573 206f 6620 7379 7374 656d types of system\n+00002800: 2069 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 in addition. \n+00002810: 2020 746f 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 to the PC BIOS\n+00002820: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2073 7570 706f 7274 systems support\n+00002830: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 ed by GRUB Legac\n+00002840: 793a 2050 4320 4546 492c 2050 430a 2020 y: PC EFI, PC. \n+00002850: 2020 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2050 6f77 coreboot, Pow\n+00002860: 6572 5043 2c20 5350 4152 432c 2061 6e64 erPC, SPARC, and\n+00002870: 204d 4950 5320 4c65 6d6f 7465 2059 6565 MIPS Lemote Yee\n+00002880: 6c6f 6f6e 6720 6172 6520 616c 6c0a 2020 loong are all. \n+00002890: 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 supported... \n+000028a0: 2020 e280 a220 4d61 6e79 206d 6f72 6520 ... Many more \n+000028b0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2061 7265 file systems are\n+000028c0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 696e 636c supported, incl\n+000028d0: 7564 696e 6720 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 6c69 uding but not li\n+000028e0: 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 mited to. ex\n+000028f0: 7434 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 616e 6420 4e54 t4, HFS+, and NT\n+00002900: 4653 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 FS... ... GRUB\n+00002910: 2032 2063 616e 2072 6561 6420 6669 6c65 2 can read file\n+00002920: 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 s directly from \n+00002930: 4c56 4d20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2064 6576 LVM and RAID dev\n+00002940: 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4120 ices... ... A \n+00002950: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e graphical termin\n+00002960: 616c 2061 6e64 2061 2067 7261 7068 6963 al and a graphic\n+00002970: 616c 206d 656e 7520 7379 7374 656d 2061 al menu system a\n+00002980: 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 re available... \n+00002990: 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 ... GRUB 2's i\n+000029a0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2063 616e 2062 6520 nterface can be \n+000029b0: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2c20 696e 636c translated, incl\n+000029c0: 7564 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 uding menu entry\n+000029d0: 206e 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 names... ... \n+000029e0: 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 7320 The image files \n+000029f0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 (*note Images::)\n+00002a00: 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 4752 that make up GR\n+00002a10: 5542 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 UB have been. \n+00002a20: 2020 7265 6f72 6761 6e69 7365 643b 2053 reorganised; S\n+00002a30: 7461 6765 2031 2c20 5374 6167 6520 312e tage 1, Stage 1.\n+00002a40: 352c 2061 6e64 2053 7461 6765 2032 2061 5, and Stage 2 a\n+00002a50: 7265 206e 6f20 6d6f 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 re no more... \n+00002a60: e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2070 7574 7320 ... 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The other g\n+00002c60: 6f61 6c73 2c20 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 oals, listed in \n+00002c70: 6170 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 6f72 6465 approximate orde\n+00002c80: 7220 6f66 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e63 652c r of importance,\n+00002c90: 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4261 are:.. ... Ba\n+00002ca0: 7369 6320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 sic functions mu\n+00002cb0: 7374 2062 6520 7374 7261 6967 6874 666f st be straightfo\n+00002cc0: 7277 6172 6420 666f 7220 656e 642d 7573 rward for end-us\n+00002cd0: 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2052 6963 ers... ... Ric\n+00002ce0: 6820 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 h functionality \n+00002cf0: 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 206b 6572 6e65 to support kerne\n+00002d00: 6c20 6578 7065 7274 7320 616e 6420 6465 l experts and de\n+00002d10: 7369 676e 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 signers... ...\n+00002d20: 2042 6163 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 Backward compat\n+00002d30: 6962 696c 6974 7920 666f 7220 626f 6f74 ibility for boot\n+00002d40: 696e 6720 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 ing FreeBSD, Net\n+00002d50: 4253 442c 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e BSD, OpenBSD, an\n+00002d60: 640a 2020 2020 204c 696e 7578 2e20 2050 d. Linux. P\n+00002d70: 726f 7072 6965 7461 7279 206b 6572 6e65 roprietary kerne\n+00002d80: 6c73 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 444f 532c ls (such as DOS,\n+00002d90: 2057 696e 646f 7773 204e 542c 2061 6e64 Windows NT, and\n+00002da0: 204f 532f 3229 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 OS/2) are. \n+00002db0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7669 6120 6120 supported via a \n+00002dc0: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6675 chain-loading fu\n+00002dd0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 6365 nction... 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Any attemp\n+00002ee0: 7420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6265 6c6f 7720 t to load below \n+00002ef0: 7468 6174 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 790a 7769 that boundary.wi\n+00002f00: 6c6c 2073 696d 706c 7920 7265 7375 6c74 ll simply result\n+00002f10: 2069 6e20 696d 6d65 6469 6174 6520 6661 in immediate fa\n+00002f20: 696c 7572 6520 616e 6420 616e 2065 7272 ilure and an err\n+00002f30: 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 2072 6570 6f72 or message repor\n+00002f40: 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d ting.the problem\n+00002f50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f ... 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A me\n+000033b0: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 206c 6973 nu interface lis\n+000033c0: 7469 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 ting preset boot\n+000033d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 6974 6820 commands, with \n+000033e0: 6120 7072 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 6c65 0a20 a programmable. \n+000033f0: 2020 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2069 7320 timeout, is \n+00003400: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6572 available. Ther\n+00003410: 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6669 7865 6420 6c69 e is no fixed li\n+00003420: 6d69 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 mit on the numbe\n+00003430: 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2065 r of. boot e\n+00003440: 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 ntries, and the \n+00003450: 6375 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e current implemen\n+00003460: 7461 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2073 7061 6365 tation has space\n+00003470: 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 0a20 2020 for several. \n+00003480: 2020 6875 6e64 7265 642e 0a0a 4861 7665 hundred...Have\n+00003490: 2061 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d a flexible comm\n+000034a0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n+000034b0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6661 6972 6c79 ce. 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Editing co\n+00003620: 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 mmands closely. \n+00003630: 2020 2020 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 resembles th\n+00003640: 6520 4261 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c e Bash command-l\n+00003650: 696e 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a ine (*note Bash:\n+00003660: 2028 6665 6174 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 (features)Comma\n+00003670: 6e64 204c 696e 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 nd Line. 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(*\n+00003b40: 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f note Features-Fo\n+00003b50: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d32 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 otnote-2::). Th\n+00003b60: 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2062 is function is b\n+00003b70: 6f74 6820 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e oth automatic an\n+00003b80: 640a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 d. transpare\n+00003b90: 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7573 6572 2028 nt to the user (\n+00003ba0: 692e 652e 2020 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 i.e. all functi\n+00003bb0: 6f6e 7320 6f70 6572 6174 6520 7570 6f6e ons operate upon\n+00003bc0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 the. uncomp\n+00003bd0: 7265 7373 6564 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 ressed contents \n+00003be0: 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 of the specified\n+00003bf0: 2066 696c 6573 292e 2020 5468 6973 2067 files). This g\n+00003c00: 7265 6174 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6475 reatly. redu\n+00003c10: 6365 7320 6120 6669 6c65 2073 697a 6520 ces a file size \n+00003c20: 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7469 6d65 and loading time\n+00003c30: 2c20 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 , a particularly\n+00003c40: 2067 7265 6174 2062 656e 6566 6974 0a20 great benefit. \n+00003c50: 2020 2020 666f 7220 666c 6f70 7069 6573 for floppies\n+00003c60: 2e28 3329 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 .(3) (*note Fea\n+00003c70: 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d33 tures-Footnote-3\n+00003c80: 3a3a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 ::).. It is \n+00003c90: 636f 6e63 6569 7661 626c 6520 7468 6174 conceivable that\n+00003ca0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 some kernel mod\n+00003cb0: 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c ules should be l\n+00003cc0: 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 oaded in a. \n+00003cd0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2073 7461 7465 compressed state\n+00003ce0: 2c20 736f 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 , so a different\n+00003cf0: 206d 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 module-loading \n+00003d00: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 0a20 command can be. \n+00003d10: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f specified to\n+00003d20: 2061 766f 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 avoid uncompres\n+00003d30: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 sing the modules\n+00003d40: 2e0a 0a41 6363 6573 7320 6461 7461 206f ...Access data o\n+00003d50: 6e20 616e 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 n any installed \n+00003d60: 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 device. Supp\n+00003d70: 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 6461 7461 ort reading data\n+00003d80: 2066 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 2061 6c6c from any or all\n+00003d90: 2066 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 6f72 2068 6172 floppies or har\n+00003da0: 6420 6469 736b 2873 290a 2020 2020 2072 d disk(s). r\n+00003db0: 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 2074 6865 ecognized by the\n+00003dc0: 2042 494f 532c 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 BIOS, independe\n+00003dd0: 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 7474 696e nt of the settin\n+00003de0: 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 g of the root. \n+00003df0: 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 4265 2069 device...Be i\n+00003e00: 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 6472 ndependent of dr\n+00003e10: 6976 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2074 7261 ive geometry tra\n+00003e20: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2055 nslations. U\n+00003e30: 6e6c 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 nlike many other\n+00003e40: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 732c 2047 boot loaders, G\n+00003e50: 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7061 RUB makes the pa\n+00003e60: 7274 6963 756c 6172 2064 7269 7665 0a20 rticular drive. \n+00003e70: 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 translation \n+00003e80: 6972 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 2041 2064 irrelevant. A d\n+00003e90: 7269 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 rive installed a\n+00003ea0: 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2077 6974 6820 nd running with \n+00003eb0: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 one. transla\n+00003ec0: 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 636f 6e76 tion may be conv\n+00003ed0: 6572 7465 6420 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 erted to another\n+00003ee0: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 translation wit\n+00003ef0: 686f 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6164 hout any. ad\n+00003f00: 7665 7273 6520 6566 6665 6374 7320 6f72 verse effects or\n+00003f10: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 changes in GRUB\n+00003f20: 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 's configuration\n+00003f30: 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 7420 616c 6c20 696e ...Detect all in\n+00003f40: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 5241 4d0a 2020 2020 stalled RAM. \n+00003f50: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 GRUB can genera\n+00003f60: 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 lly find all the\n+00003f70: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2052 414d 206f installed RAM o\n+00003f80: 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c n a PC-compatibl\n+00003f90: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e20 e. machine. \n+00003fa0: 2049 7420 7573 6573 2061 6e20 6164 7661 It uses an adva\n+00003fb0: 6e63 6564 2042 494f 5320 7175 6572 7920 nced BIOS query \n+00003fc0: 7465 6368 6e69 7175 6520 666f 7220 6669 technique for fi\n+00003fd0: 6e64 696e 6720 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 206d nding all. m\n+00003fe0: 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 732e 2020 emory regions. \n+00003ff0: 4173 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 As described on \n+00004000: 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 the Multiboot Sp\n+00004010: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f ecification (*no\n+00004020: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f te. Multiboo\n+00004030: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a t Specification:\n+00004040: 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e (multiboot)Top.\n+00004050: 292c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 206b 6572 6e65 ), not all kerne\n+00004060: 6c73 206d 616b 6520 7573 650a 2020 2020 ls make use. \n+00004070: 206f 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 of this informa\n+00004080: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 4752 5542 2070 tion, but GRUB p\n+00004090: 726f 7669 6465 7320 6974 2066 6f72 2074 rovides it for t\n+000040a0: 686f 7365 2077 686f 2064 6f2e 0a0a 5375 hose who do...Su\n+000040b0: 7070 6f72 7420 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c pport Logical Bl\n+000040c0: 6f63 6b20 4164 6472 6573 7320 6d6f 6465 ock Address mode\n+000040d0: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2074 7261 6469 7469 . 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However\n+00004230: 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e ,. several n\n+00004240: 6577 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 ewer machines ha\n+00004250: 7665 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 ve the new inter\n+00004260: 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c face, Logical Bl\n+00004270: 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 ock. Address\n+00004280: 2028 e280 9c4c 4241 e280 9d29 206d 6f64 (...LBA...) mod\n+00004290: 652e 2020 4752 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 e. GRUB automat\n+000042a0: 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 ically detects i\n+000042b0: 6620 4c42 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 f LBA mode is. \n+000042c0: 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 available and\n+000042d0: 2075 7365 7320 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 uses it if avai\n+000042e0: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d lable. In LBA m\n+000042f0: 6f64 652c 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6163 ode, GRUB can ac\n+00004300: 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e cess. the en\n+00004310: 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 tire disk...Supp\n+00004320: 6f72 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 ort network boot\n+00004330: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 ing. GRUB is\n+00004340: 2062 6173 6963 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 basically a dis\n+00004350: 6b2d 6261 7365 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 k-based boot loa\n+00004360: 6465 7220 6275 7420 616c 736f 2068 6173 der but also has\n+00004370: 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7375 network. su\n+00004380: 7070 6f72 742e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 pport. You can \n+00004390: 6c6f 6164 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 load OS images f\n+000043a0: 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 rom a network by\n+000043b0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 809c 5446 using the ...TF\n+000043c0: 5450 e280 9d0a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f TP.... proto\n+000043d0: 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 col...Support re\n+000043e0: 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 mote terminals. \n+000043f0: 2020 2020 546f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 To support c\n+00004400: 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f omputers with no\n+00004410: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2070 console, GRUB p\n+00004420: 726f 7669 6465 7320 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 rovides remote t\n+00004430: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 erminal. sup\n+00004440: 706f 7274 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 796f port, so that yo\n+00004450: 7520 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 u can control GR\n+00004460: 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 UB from a remote\n+00004470: 2068 6f73 742e 2020 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 host. Only. \n+00004480: 2020 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 serial termina\n+00004490: 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2069 6d70 l support is imp\n+000044a0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 lemented at the \n+000044b0: 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a moment.....File:\n+000044c0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000044d0: 653a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 e: Features-Foot\n+000044e0: 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4665 6174 notes, Up: Feat\n+000044f0: 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 ures.. (1) The\n+00004500: 204e 6574 4253 442f 6933 3836 206b 6572 NetBSD/i386 ker\n+00004510: 6e65 6c20 6973 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 nel is Multiboot\n+00004520: 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 -compliant, but \n+00004530: 6c61 636b 7320 7375 7070 6f72 740a 666f lacks support.fo\n+00004540: 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 r Multiboot modu\n+00004550: 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2028 3229 204f 6e6c les... 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(3) \n+000045f0: 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 There are a few \n+00004600: 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 6963 616c 2063 6173 pathological cas\n+00004610: 6573 2077 6865 7265 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 es where loading\n+00004620: 2061 2076 6572 7920 6261 646c 790a 6f72 a very badly.or\n+00004630: 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 454c 4620 6b65 726e ganized ELF kern\n+00004640: 656c 206d 6967 6874 2074 616b 6520 6c6f el might take lo\n+00004650: 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 7420 696e 2070 7261 nger, but in pra\n+00004660: 6374 6963 6520 7468 6973 206e 6576 6572 ctice this never\n+00004670: 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 .happen.....File\n+00004680: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00004690: 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f de: Role of a bo\n+000046a0: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5072 6576 ot loader, Prev\n+000046b0: 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a : Features, Up:\n+000046c0: 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 Introduction..1\n+000046d0: 2e35 2054 6865 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 .5 The role of a\n+000046e0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d boot loader.===\n 000046f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004700: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ====..The follow\n-00004710: 696e 6720 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 ing is a quotati\n-00004720: 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d on from Gordon M\n-00004730: 6174 7a69 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 atzigkeit, a GRU\n-00004740: 4220 6661 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 B fanatic:.. \n-00004750: 2053 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b Some people lik\n-00004760: 6520 746f 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 e to acknowledge\n-00004770: 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 both the operat\n-00004780: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 ing system and. \n-00004790: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 kernel when \n-000047a0: 7468 6579 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 they talk about \n-000047b0: 7468 6569 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c their computers,\n-000047c0: 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 so they might s\n-000047d0: 6179 2074 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 ay they. use\n-000047e0: 2022 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 \"GNU/Linux\" or \n-000047f0: 2247 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 \"GNU/Hurd\". Oth\n-00004800: 6572 2070 656f 706c 6520 7365 656d 2074 er people seem t\n-00004810: 6f20 7468 696e 6b20 7468 6174 2074 6865 o think that the\n-00004820: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 . kernel is \n-00004830: 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 the most importa\n-00004840: 6e74 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 nt part of the s\n-00004850: 7973 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206c ystem, so they l\n-00004860: 696b 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6c6c ike to. call\n-00004870: 2074 6865 6972 2047 4e55 206f 7065 7261 their GNU opera\n-00004880: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 ting systems \"Li\n-00004890: 6e75 7820 7379 7374 656d 732e 220a 0a20 nux systems.\".. \n-000048a0: 2020 2020 492c 2070 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c I, personall\n-000048b0: 792c 2062 656c 6965 7665 2074 6861 7420 y, believe that \n-000048c0: 7468 6973 2069 7320 6120 6772 6176 6520 this is a grave \n-000048d0: 696e 6a75 7374 6963 652c 2062 6563 6175 injustice, becau\n-000048e0: 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f se the. _boo\n-000048f0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 6973 2074 6865 t loader_ is the\n-00004900: 206d 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 most important \n-00004910: 736f 6674 7761 7265 206f 6620 616c 6c2e software of all.\n-00004920: 2020 4920 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 I used to. \n-00004930: 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 refer to the ab\n-00004940: 6f76 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6173 2065 ove systems as e\n-00004950: 6974 6865 7220 224c 494c 4f22 2831 2920 ither \"LILO\"(1) \n-00004960: 282a 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 (*note Role of a\n-00004970: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 . boot loade\n-00004980: 722d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 r-Footnote-1::) \n-00004990: 6f72 2022 4752 5542 2220 7379 7374 656d or \"GRUB\" system\n-000049a0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 s... Unfortu\n-000049b0: 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 nately, nobody e\n-000049c0: 7665 7220 756e 6465 7273 746f 6f64 2077 ver understood w\n-000049d0: 6861 7420 4920 7761 7320 7461 6c6b 696e hat I was talkin\n-000049e0: 6720 6162 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 g about; now. \n-000049f0: 2020 4920 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2074 6865 I just use the\n-00004a00: 2077 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 2220 6173 2061 word \"GNU\" as a\n-00004a10: 2070 7365 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 2047 pseudonym for G\n-00004a20: 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 RUB... So, i\n-00004a30: 6620 796f 7520 6576 6572 2068 6561 7220 f you ever hear \n-00004a40: 7065 6f70 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 people talking a\n-00004a50: 626f 7574 2074 6865 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 bout their alleg\n-00004a60: 6564 2022 474e 5522 0a20 2020 2020 7379 ed \"GNU\". sy\n-00004a70: 7374 656d 732c 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 stems, remember \n-00004a80: 7468 6174 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6163 that they are ac\n-00004a90: 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6179 696e 6720 686f tually paying ho\n-00004aa0: 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 7374 mage to the best\n-00004ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 . boot loade\n-00004ac0: 7220 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 r around... GRUB\n-00004ad0: 210a 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 7468 6520 4752 !.. We, the GR\n-00004ae0: 5542 206d 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 UB maintainers, \n-00004af0: 646f 206e 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 do not (usually)\n-00004b00: 2065 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f encourage Gordo\n-00004b10: 6e27 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e n's level.of fan\n-00004b20: 6174 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 aticism, but it \n-00004b30: 6865 6c70 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 helps to remembe\n-00004b40: 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 r that boot load\n-00004b50: 6572 7320 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f ers deserve.reco\n-00004b60: 676e 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 gnition. We hop\n-00004b70: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 e that you enjoy\n-00004b80: 2075 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 using GNU GRUB \n-00004b90: 6173 206d 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 as much as we di\n-00004ba0: 640a 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f d.writing it....\n-00004bb0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00004bc0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 , Node: Role of\n-00004bd0: 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 a boot loader-F\n-00004be0: 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 ootnotes, Up: R\n-00004bf0: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n-00004c00: 6164 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 ader.. (1) The\n-00004c10: 204c 496e 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 LInux LOader, a\n-00004c20: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 boot loader tha\n-00004c30: 7420 6576 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 t everybody uses\n-00004c40: 2c20 6275 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b , but nobody.lik\n-00004c50: 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 es.....File: gru\n-00004c60: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e b.info, Node: N\n-00004c70: 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e aming convention\n-00004c80: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 , Next: OS-spec\n-00004c90: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 ific notes about\n-00004ca0: 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 grub tools, Pr\n-00004cb0: 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e ev: Introduction\n-00004cc0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 , Up: Top..2 Na\n-00004cd0: 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a ming convention.\n-00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004cf0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 ***..The device \n-00004d00: 7379 6e74 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 syntax used in G\n-00004d10: 5255 4220 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 RUB is a wee bit\n-00004d20: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 different from \n-00004d30: 7768 6174 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 what you may.hav\n-00004d40: 6520 7365 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e e seen before in\n-00004d50: 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 your operating \n-00004d60: 7379 7374 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 system(s), and y\n-00004d70: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 ou need to know \n-00004d80: 6974 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 it so.that you c\n-00004d90: 616e 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 an specify a dri\n-00004da0: 7665 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 ve/partition... \n-00004db0: 2020 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f Look at the fo\n-00004dc0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 llowing examples\n-00004dd0: 2061 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e and explanation\n-00004de0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a s:.. (fd0)..\n-00004df0: 2020 2046 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c First of all,\n-00004e00: 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 GRUB requires t\n-00004e10: 6861 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e hat the device n\n-00004e20: 616d 6520 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 ame be enclosed \n-00004e30: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 0a61 6e64 with ...(....and\n-00004e40: 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 ...).... The .\n-00004e50: 8098 6664 e280 9920 7061 7274 206d 6561 ..fd... part mea\n-00004e60: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6120 ns that it is a \n-00004e70: 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 floppy disk. Th\n-00004e80: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 e number ...0...\n-00004e90: 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 .is the drive nu\n-00004ea0: 6d62 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 mber, which is c\n-00004eb0: 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 ounted from _zer\n-00004ec0: 6f5f 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 o_. 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The f\n-00004f50: 6972 7374 2069 6e74 6567 6572 20e2 8098 irst integer ...\n-00004f60: 30e2 8099 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 0....indicates t\n-00004f70: 6865 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c he drive number,\n-00004f80: 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 6669 that is, the fi\n-00004f90: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 rst hard disk, t\n-00004fa0: 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a e280 986d 7364 he string....msd\n-00004fb0: 6f73 e280 9920 696e 6469 6361 7465 7320 os... indicates \n-00004fc0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7363 the partition sc\n-00004fd0: 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 heme, while the \n-00004fe0: 7365 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2c20 second integer, \n-00004ff0: e280 9832 e280 992c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 ...2...,.indicat\n-00005000: 6573 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e es the partition\n-00005010: 206e 756d 6265 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 number (or the \n-00005020: 5043 2073 6c69 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 PC slice number \n-00005030: 696e 2074 6865 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 in the BSD.termi\n-00005040: 6e6f 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 nology). The pa\n-00005050: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 rtition numbers \n-00005060: 6172 6520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d are counted from\n-00005070: 205f 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d _one_, not from\n-00005080: 0a7a 6572 6f20 2861 7320 7761 7320 7468 .zero (as was th\n-00005090: 6520 6361 7365 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f e case in previo\n-000050a0: 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 us versions of G\n-000050b0: 5255 4229 2e20 5468 6973 2065 7870 7265 RUB). This expre\n-000050c0: 7373 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 ssion.means the \n-000050d0: 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e second partition\n-000050e0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the first ha\n-000050f0: 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 rd disk drive. \n-00005100: 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 In this case,.GR\n-00005110: 5542 2075 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 UB uses one part\n-00005120: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 ition of the dis\n-00005130: 6b2c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 k, instead of th\n-00005140: 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 e whole disk... \n-00005150: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 (hd0,msdos5)\n-00005160: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 .. This specif\n-00005170: 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 e280 ies the first ..\n-00005180: 9c65 7874 656e 6465 6420 7061 7274 6974 .extended partit\n-00005190: 696f 6ee2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 ion... of the fi\n-000051a0: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 rst hard disk.dr\n-000051b0: 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ive. Note that \n-000051c0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 the partition nu\n-000051d0: 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 6578 7465 6e64 mbers for extend\n-000051e0: 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 ed partitions ar\n-000051f0: 650a 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 e.counted from .\n-00005200: 8098 35e2 8099 2c20 7265 6761 7264 6c65 ..5..., regardle\n-00005210: 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c ss of the actual\n-00005220: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2070 7269 6d61 number of prima\n-00005230: 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e ry partitions.on\n-00005240: 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e your hard disk.\n-00005250: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 312c 6d73 646f .. (hd1,msdo\n-00005260: 7331 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 s1,bsd1).. Thi\n-00005270: 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 4253 4420 s means the BSD \n-00005280: e280 9861 e280 9920 7061 7274 6974 696f ...a... partitio\n-00005290: 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 2050 4320 736c n on first PC sl\n-000052a0: 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7468 ice number of th\n-000052b0: 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 6420 6469 e.second hard di\n-000052c0: 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 7273 sk... Of cours\n-000052d0: 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2061 e, to actually a\n-000052e0: 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b 7320 ccess the disks \n-000052f0: 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 or partitions wi\n-00005300: 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e 6565 th GRUB, you.nee\n-00005310: 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6576 d to use the dev\n-00005320: 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f ice specificatio\n-00005330: 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 n in a command, \n-00005340: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 7420 726f 6f74 like ...set root\n-00005350: 3d28 6664 3029 e280 990a 6f72 20e2 8098 =(fd0)....or ...\n-00005360: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 6d73 parttool (hd0,ms\n-00005370: 646f 7333 2920 6869 6464 656e 2de2 8099 dos3) hidden-...\n-00005380: 2e20 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 . To help you f\n-00005390: 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 6e75 ind out which nu\n-000053a0: 6d62 6572 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 mber.specifies a\n-000053b0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 partition you w\n-000053c0: 616e 742c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f ant, the GRUB co\n-000053d0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 mmand-line (*not\n-000053e0: 650a 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 e.Command-line i\n-000053f0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 nterface::) opti\n-00005400: 6f6e 7320 6861 7665 2061 7267 756d 656e ons have argumen\n-00005410: 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 t completion. T\n-00005420: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 730a 7468 6174 2c20 his means.that, \n-00005430: 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 for example, you\n-00005440: 206f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7479 only need to ty\n-00005450: 7065 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f pe.. set roo\n-00005460: 743d 280a 0a20 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 t=(.. followed\n-00005470: 2062 7920 6120 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 6e64 by a , and\n-00005480: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c GRUB will displ\n-00005490: 6179 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 ay the list of d\n-000054a0: 7269 7665 732c 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e rives,.partition\n-000054b0: 732c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 s, or file names\n-000054c0: 2e20 2053 6f20 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 . So it should \n-000054d0: 6265 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f be quite easy to\n-000054e0: 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e determine the.n\n-000054f0: 616d 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7461 7267 ame of your targ\n-00005500: 6574 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 et partition, ev\n-00005510: 656e 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 en with minimal \n-00005520: 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 2074 6865 knowledge of the\n-00005530: 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 .syntax... Not\n-00005540: 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 e that GRUB does\n-00005550: 205f 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 _not_ distingui\n-00005560: 7368 2049 4445 2066 726f 6d20 5343 5349 sh IDE from SCSI\n-00005570: 202d 2069 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 - it simply.cou\n-00005580: 6e74 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 nts the drive nu\n-00005590: 6d62 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c mbers from zero,\n-000055a0: 2072 6567 6172 646c 6573 7320 6f66 2074 regardless of t\n-000055b0: 6865 6972 2074 7970 652e 2020 4e6f 726d heir type. Norm\n-000055c0: 616c 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 4520 6472 ally,.any IDE dr\n-000055d0: 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 6c65 ive number is le\n-000055e0: 7373 2074 6861 6e20 616e 7920 5343 5349 ss than any SCSI\n-000055f0: 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2061 drive number, a\n-00005600: 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7468 6174 0a69 7320 lthough that.is \n-00005610: 6e6f 7420 7472 7565 2069 6620 796f 7520 not true if you \n-00005620: 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 change the boot \n-00005630: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 7920 7377 6170 sequence by swap\n-00005640: 7069 6e67 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 ping IDE and SCS\n-00005650: 490a 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 I.drives in your\n-00005660: 2042 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 2074 BIOS... Now t\n-00005670: 6865 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 he question is, \n-00005680: 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 how to specify a\n-00005690: 2066 696c 653f 2020 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 file? Again, c\n-000056a0: 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 onsider an.examp\n-000056b0: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d le:.. (hd0,m\n-000056c0: 7364 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a sdos1)/vmlinuz..\n-000056d0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 This specifie\n-000056e0: 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6564 s the file named\n-000056f0: 20e2 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 7ae2 8099 2c20 ...vmlinuz..., \n-00005700: 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 found on the fir\n-00005710: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 st partition.of \n-00005720: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n-00005730: 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 isk drive. Note\n-00005740: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 that the argume\n-00005750: 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 776f nt completion wo\n-00005760: 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 696c 6520 6e61 rks.with file na\n-00005770: 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 mes, too... Th\n-00005780: 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 792c 2061 646d at was easy, adm\n-00005790: 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 7265 6164 it it. Now read\n-000057a0: 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 6170 7465 the next chapte\n-000057b0: 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 206f 7574 2068 r, to find out h\n-000057c0: 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2069 ow.to actually i\n-000057d0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 nstall GRUB on y\n-000057e0: 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 our drive.....Fi\n-000057f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00005800: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Node: OS-specifi\n-00005810: 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 c notes about gr\n-00005820: 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a ub tools, Next:\n-00005830: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 Installation, \n-00005840: 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e Prev: Naming con\n-00005850: 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f vention, Up: To\n-00005860: 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 p..3 OS-specific\n-00005870: 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 notes about gru\n-00005880: 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a b tools.********\n+00004700: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00004710: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 2071 following is a q\n+00004720: 756f 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 476f uotation from Go\n+00004730: 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 742c rdon Matzigkeit,\n+00004740: 2061 2047 5255 4220 6661 6e61 7469 633a a GRUB fanatic:\n+00004750: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 .. Some peop\n+00004760: 6c65 206c 696b 6520 746f 2061 636b 6e6f le like to ackno\n+00004770: 776c 6564 6765 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 wledge both the \n+00004780: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00004790: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c and. kernel\n+000047a0: 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6579 2074 616c 6b20 when they talk \n+000047b0: 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6569 7220 636f 6d70 about their comp\n+000047c0: 7574 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206d uters, so they m\n+000047d0: 6967 6874 2073 6179 2074 6865 790a 2020 ight say they. \n+000047e0: 2020 2075 7365 2022 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 use \"GNU/Linu\n+000047f0: 7822 206f 7220 2247 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 x\" or \"GNU/Hurd\"\n+00004800: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2070 656f 706c 6520 . Other people \n+00004810: 7365 656d 2074 6f20 7468 696e 6b20 7468 seem to think th\n+00004820: 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e at the. kern\n+00004830: 656c 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 el is the most i\n+00004840: 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2070 6172 7420 6f66 mportant part of\n+00004850: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 the system, so \n+00004860: 7468 6579 206c 696b 6520 746f 0a20 2020 they like to. \n+00004870: 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 6865 6972 2047 4e55 call their GNU\n+00004880: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00004890: 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 7820 7379 7374 656d ms \"Linux system\n+000048a0: 732e 220a 0a20 2020 2020 492c 2070 6572 s.\".. I, per\n+000048b0: 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 656c 6965 7665 sonally, believe\n+000048c0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2069 7320 6120 that this is a \n+000048d0: 6772 6176 6520 696e 6a75 7374 6963 652c grave injustice,\n+000048e0: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 because the. \n+000048f0: 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 _boot loader_ \n+00004900: 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 696d 706f is the most impo\n+00004910: 7274 616e 7420 736f 6674 7761 7265 206f rtant software o\n+00004920: 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 4920 7573 6564 2074 f all. I used t\n+00004930: 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 o. refer to \n+00004940: 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 7379 7374 656d the above system\n+00004950: 7320 6173 2065 6974 6865 7220 224c 494c s as either \"LIL\n+00004960: 4f22 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c O\"(1) (*note Rol\n+00004970: 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 e of a. boot\n+00004980: 206c 6f61 6465 722d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 loader-Footnote\n+00004990: 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 2022 4752 5542 2220 -1::) or \"GRUB\" \n+000049a0: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 systems... U\n+000049b0: 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f nfortunately, no\n+000049c0: 626f 6479 2065 7665 7220 756e 6465 7273 body ever unders\n+000049d0: 746f 6f64 2077 6861 7420 4920 7761 7320 tood what I was \n+000049e0: 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 6162 6f75 743b 206e talking about; n\n+000049f0: 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 4920 6a75 7374 2075 ow. I just u\n+00004a00: 7365 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 se the word \"GNU\n+00004a10: 2220 6173 2061 2070 7365 7564 6f6e 796d \" as a pseudonym\n+00004a20: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 for GRUB... \n+00004a30: 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6576 6572 So, if you ever\n+00004a40: 2068 6561 7220 7065 6f70 6c65 2074 616c hear people tal\n+00004a50: 6b69 6e67 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 6972 king about their\n+00004a60: 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 2022 474e 5522 0a20 alleged \"GNU\". \n+00004a70: 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2072 656d systems, rem\n+00004a80: 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 2074 6865 7920 ember that they \n+00004a90: 6172 6520 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6179 are actually pay\n+00004aa0: 696e 6720 686f 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 7468 ing homage to th\n+00004ab0: 6520 6265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 e best. boot\n+00004ac0: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e loader around..\n+00004ad0: 2e20 4752 5542 210a 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 . GRUB!.. We, \n+00004ae0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d 6169 6e74 6169 the GRUB maintai\n+00004af0: 6e65 7273 2c20 646f 206e 6f74 2028 7573 ners, do not (us\n+00004b00: 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 ually) encourage\n+00004b10: 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a Gordon's level.\n+00004b20: 6f66 2066 616e 6174 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 of fanaticism, b\n+00004b30: 7574 2069 7420 6865 6c70 7320 746f 2072 ut it helps to r\n+00004b40: 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f6f emember that boo\n+00004b50: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6465 7365 7276 t loaders deserv\n+00004b60: 650a 7265 636f 676e 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 e.recognition. \n+00004b70: 5765 2068 6f70 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 We hope that you\n+00004b80: 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 enjoy using GNU\n+00004b90: 2047 5255 4220 6173 206d 7563 6820 6173 GRUB as much as\n+00004ba0: 2077 6520 6469 640a 7772 6974 696e 6720 we did.writing \n+00004bb0: 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 it.....File: gru\n+00004bc0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 b.info, Node: R\n+00004bd0: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n+00004be0: 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 ader-Footnotes, \n+00004bf0: 2055 703a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 Up: Role of a b\n+00004c00: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 oot loader.. (\n+00004c10: 3129 2054 6865 204c 496e 7578 204c 4f61 1) The LInux LOa\n+00004c20: 6465 722c 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 der, a boot load\n+00004c30: 6572 2074 6861 7420 6576 6572 7962 6f64 er that everybod\n+00004c40: 7920 7573 6573 2c20 6275 7420 6e6f 626f y uses, but nobo\n+00004c50: 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c dy.likes.....Fil\n+00004c60: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00004c70: 6f64 653a 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 ode: Naming conv\n+00004c80: 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f ention, Next: O\n+00004c90: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n+00004ca0: 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c about grub tool\n+00004cb0: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 s, Prev: Introd\n+00004cc0: 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 uction, Up: Top\n+00004cd0: 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 ..2 Naming conve\n+00004ce0: 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ntion.**********\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 *********..The d\n+00004d00: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2075 7365 evice syntax use\n+00004d10: 6420 696e 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2077 d in GRUB is a w\n+00004d20: 6565 2062 6974 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 ee bit different\n+00004d30: 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6174 2079 6f75 206d from what you m\n+00004d40: 6179 0a68 6176 6520 7365 656e 2062 6566 ay.have seen bef\n+00004d50: 6f72 6520 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 ore in your oper\n+00004d60: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2873 292c ating system(s),\n+00004d70: 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f and you need to\n+00004d80: 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 know it so.that\n+00004d90: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7065 6369 6679 you can specify\n+00004da0: 2061 2064 7269 7665 2f70 6172 7469 7469 a drive/partiti\n+00004db0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 on... Look at \n+00004dc0: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 the following ex\n+00004dd0: 616d 706c 6573 2061 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 amples and expla\n+00004de0: 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 nations:.. (\n+00004df0: 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 7374 206f fd0).. First o\n+00004e00: 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 f all, GRUB requ\n+00004e10: 6972 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6465 ires that the de\n+00004e20: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6265 2065 6e63 vice name be enc\n+00004e30: 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 28e2 losed with ...(.\n+00004e40: 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 2e20 ...and ...).... \n+00004e50: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6664 e280 9920 7061 The ...fd... pa\n+00004e60: 7274 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 rt means that it\n+00004e70: 2069 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 is a floppy dis\n+00004e80: 6b2e 2020 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 20e2 k. The number .\n+00004e90: 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6472 ..0....is the dr\n+00004ea0: 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7768 6963 ive number, whic\n+00004eb0: 6820 6973 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f h is counted fro\n+00004ec0: 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f 2e20 2054 6869 7320 m _zero_. This \n+00004ed0: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 expression.means\n+00004ee0: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 that GRUB will \n+00004ef0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 666c use the whole fl\n+00004f00: 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 oppy disk... \n+00004f10: 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 290a 0a20 (hd0,msdos2).. \n+00004f20: 2020 4865 7265 2c20 e280 9868 64e2 8099 Here, ...hd...\n+00004f30: 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 2061 2068 means it is a h\n+00004f40: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 2e20 ard disk drive. \n+00004f50: 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 6e74 6567 The first integ\n+00004f60: 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 6e64 6963 er ...0....indic\n+00004f70: 6174 6573 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 206e ates the drive n\n+00004f80: 756d 6265 722c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 umber, that is, \n+00004f90: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n+00004fa0: 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a isk, the string.\n+00004fb0: e280 986d 7364 6f73 e280 9920 696e 6469 ...msdos... indi\n+00004fc0: 6361 7465 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 cates the partit\n+00004fd0: 696f 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 696c ion scheme, whil\n+00004fe0: 6520 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 e the second int\n+00004ff0: 6567 6572 2c20 e280 9832 e280 992c 0a69 eger, ...2...,.i\n+00005000: 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 2070 6172 ndicates the par\n+00005010: 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 286f tition number (o\n+00005020: 7220 7468 6520 5043 2073 6c69 6365 206e r the PC slice n\n+00005030: 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 2042 5344 umber in the BSD\n+00005040: 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 .terminology). \n+00005050: 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 The partition nu\n+00005060: 6d62 6572 7320 6172 6520 636f 756e 7465 mbers are counte\n+00005070: 6420 6672 6f6d 205f 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f d from _one_, no\n+00005080: 7420 6672 6f6d 0a7a 6572 6f20 2861 7320 t from.zero (as \n+00005090: 7761 7320 7468 6520 6361 7365 2069 6e20 was the case in \n+000050a0: 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e previous version\n+000050b0: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4229 2e20 5468 6973 s of GRUB). This\n+000050c0: 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e expression.mean\n+000050d0: 7320 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 s the second par\n+000050e0: 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 tition of the fi\n+000050f0: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 rst hard disk dr\n+00005100: 6976 652e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 ive. In this ca\n+00005110: 7365 2c0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6f6e se,.GRUB uses on\n+00005120: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 e partition of t\n+00005130: 6865 2064 6973 6b2c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 he disk, instead\n+00005140: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 of the whole di\n+00005150: 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d sk... (hd0,m\n+00005160: 7364 6f73 3529 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 sdos5).. This \n+00005170: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 specifies the fi\n+00005180: 7273 7420 e280 9c65 7874 656e 6465 6420 rst ...extended \n+00005190: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6ee2 809d 206f 6620 partition... of \n+000051a0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n+000051b0: 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 isk.drive. Note\n+000051c0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 that the partit\n+000051d0: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 ion numbers for \n+000051e0: 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 extended partiti\n+000051f0: 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 636f 756e 7465 6420 ons are.counted \n+00005200: 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 35e2 8099 2c20 7265 from ...5..., re\n+00005210: 6761 7264 6c65 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 gardless of the \n+00005220: 6163 7475 616c 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 actual number of\n+00005230: 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 primary partiti\n+00005240: 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 ons.on your hard\n+00005250: 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 disk... (hd\n+00005260: 312c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 1,msdos1,bsd1)..\n+00005270: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 This means th\n+00005280: 6520 4253 4420 e280 9861 e280 9920 7061 e BSD ...a... pa\n+00005290: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 rtition on first\n+000052a0: 2050 4320 736c 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 PC slice number\n+000052b0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 of the.second h\n+000052c0: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 ard disk... Of\n+000052d0: 2063 6f75 7273 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 course, to actu\n+000052e0: 616c 6c79 2061 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 ally access the \n+000052f0: 6469 736b 7320 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 disks or partiti\n+00005300: 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 ons with GRUB, y\n+00005310: 6f75 0a6e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 ou.need to use t\n+00005320: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 he device specif\n+00005330: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d ication in a com\n+00005340: 6d61 6e64 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 mand, like ...se\n+00005350: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6664 3029 e280 990a t root=(fd0)....\n+00005360: 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 or ...parttool (\n+00005370: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7333 2920 6869 6464 hd0,msdos3) hidd\n+00005380: 656e 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 en-.... To help\n+00005390: 2079 6f75 2066 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 you find out wh\n+000053a0: 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 7065 6369 ich number.speci\n+000053b0: 6669 6573 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e fies a partition\n+000053c0: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 742c 2074 6865 2047 you want, the G\n+000053d0: 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 RUB command-line\n+000053e0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d 616e 642d (*note.Command-\n+000053f0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a line interface::\n+00005400: 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 7665 2061 ) options have a\n+00005410: 7267 756d 656e 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 rgument completi\n+00005420: 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 730a on. This means.\n+00005430: 7468 6174 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c that, for exampl\n+00005440: 652c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 e, you only need\n+00005450: 2074 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 to type.. s\n+00005460: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 2020 666f et root=(.. fo\n+00005470: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 3c54 4142 llowed by a , and GRUB will\n+00005490: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 206c 6973 display the lis\n+000054a0: 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c 0a70 6172 t of drives,.par\n+000054b0: 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 titions, or file\n+000054c0: 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 6974 2073 names. So it s\n+000054d0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2071 7569 7465 2065 hould be quite e\n+000054e0: 6173 7920 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 asy to determine\n+000054f0: 2074 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 the.name of you\n+00005500: 7220 7461 7267 6574 2070 6172 7469 7469 r target partiti\n+00005510: 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 6d69 on, even with mi\n+00005520: 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 nimal knowledge \n+00005530: 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a of the.syntax...\n+00005540: 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 Note that GRU\n+00005550: 4220 646f 6573 205f 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 B does _not_ dis\n+00005560: 7469 6e67 7569 7368 2049 4445 2066 726f tinguish IDE fro\n+00005570: 6d20 5343 5349 202d 2069 7420 7369 6d70 m SCSI - it simp\n+00005580: 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 6520 6472 ly.counts the dr\n+00005590: 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6672 6f6d ive numbers from\n+000055a0: 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 646c 6573 zero, regardles\n+000055b0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 6972 2074 7970 652e s of their type.\n+000055c0: 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 Normally,.any \n+000055d0: 4944 4520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 IDE drive number\n+000055e0: 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 616e is less than an\n+000055f0: 7920 5343 5349 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d y SCSI drive num\n+00005600: 6265 722c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7468 ber, although th\n+00005610: 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 7565 2069 at.is not true i\n+00005620: 6620 796f 7520 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 f you change the\n+00005630: 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 boot sequence b\n+00005640: 7920 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2049 4445 2061 y swapping IDE a\n+00005650: 6e64 2053 4353 490a 6472 6976 6573 2069 nd SCSI.drives i\n+00005660: 6e20 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 n your BIOS... \n+00005670: 204e 6f77 2074 6865 2071 7565 7374 696f Now the questio\n+00005680: 6e20 6973 2c20 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 n is, how to spe\n+00005690: 6369 6679 2061 2066 696c 653f 2020 4167 cify a file? Ag\n+000056a0: 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 616e ain, consider an\n+000056b0: 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 .example:.. \n+000056c0: 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c (hd0,msdos1)/vml\n+000056d0: 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 inuz.. This sp\n+000056e0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 ecifies the file\n+000056f0: 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 named ...vmlinu\n+00005700: 7ae2 8099 2c20 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 z..., found on t\n+00005710: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+00005720: 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on.of the first \n+00005730: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e hard disk drive.\n+00005740: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 Note that the \n+00005750: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 argument complet\n+00005760: 696f 6e20 776f 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 ion works.with f\n+00005770: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a ile names, too..\n+00005780: 0a20 2020 5468 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 . That was eas\n+00005790: 792c 2061 646d 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f y, admit it. No\n+000057a0: 7720 7265 6164 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 w read the next \n+000057b0: 6368 6170 7465 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 chapter, to find\n+000057c0: 206f 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 out how.to actu\n+000057d0: 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 ally install GRU\n+000057e0: 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e B on your drive.\n+000057f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00005800: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 nfo, Node: OS-s\n+00005810: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 pecific notes ab\n+00005820: 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 out grub tools, \n+00005830: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 Next: Installat\n+00005840: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 ion, Prev: Nami\n+00005850: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 ng convention, \n+00005860: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 Up: Top..3 OS-sp\n+00005870: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f ecific notes abo\n+00005880: 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a ut grub tools.**\n 00005890: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e ************..On\n-000058b0: 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 6861 7665 2064 OS which have d\n-000058c0: 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 7369 6d69 evice nodes simi\n-000058d0: 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 lar to Unix-like\n-000058e0: 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 OS GRUB tools u\n-000058f0: 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 6d65 2e20 se the.OS name. \n-00005900: 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2f4c E.g. for GNU/L\n-00005910: 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 inux:.. # gr\n-00005920: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f ub-install /dev/\n-00005930: 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 524f 5320 sda.. On AROS \n-00005940: 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2073 we use another s\n-00005950: 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f 7220 766f 6c75 yntax. For volu\n-00005960: 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 3c76 mes:.. //:.. \n-00005980: 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 4448 E.g... //:DH\n-00005990: 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 0.. For disks \n-000059a0: 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e 7461 783a 0a20 we use syntax:. \n-000059b0: 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 6572 206e //:/unit/flags.\n-000059d0: 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 . E.g... #\n-000059e0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f2f grub-install //\n-000059f0: 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 652f 302f 300a :ata.device/0/0.\n-00005a00: 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 7773 2077 . On Windows w\n-00005a10: 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 7061 7468 2e20 e use UNC path. \n-00005a20: 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2069 7427 For volumes it'\n-00005a30: 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 790a 0a20 2020 s typically.. \n-00005a40: 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 7b3c 4755 \\\\?\\Volume{}. \\\\?\\:.. \n-00005a70: 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f E.g... \\\\?\n-00005a80: 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 6633 3464 3530 \\Volume{17f34d50\n-00005a90: 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 2d38 3030 652d -cf64-4b02-800e-\n-00005aa0: 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 6666 7d0a 2020 51d79c3aa2ff}. \n-00005ab0: 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 2020 466f \\\\?\\C:.. Fo\n-00005ac0: 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 2773 0a0a 2020 r disks it's.. \n-00005ad0: 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 \\\\?\\PhysicalD\n-00005ae0: 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 723e 0a0a 2020 rive.. \n-00005af0: 2045 2e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 E.g... # gr\n-00005b00: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c 5c3f 5c50 ub-install \\\\?\\P\n-00005b10: 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 300a 0a20 hysicalDrive0.. \n-00005b20: 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f Beware that yo\n-00005b30: 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6675 u may need to fu\n-00005b40: 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 7065 2074 6865 rther escape the\n-00005b50: 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 2064 6570 backslashes dep\n-00005b60: 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 ending.on your s\n-00005b70: 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 hell... When c\n-00005b80: 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 7468 2063 7967 ompiled with cyg\n-00005b90: 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656e win support then\n-00005ba0: 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6e61 cygwin drive na\n-00005bb0: 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 746f 6d61 7469 mes are.automati\n-00005bc0: 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e 206e 6565 6465 cally when neede\n-00005bd0: 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 d. E.g... #\n-00005be0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 grub-install /d\n-00005bf0: 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ev/sda....File: \n-00005c00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00005c10: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 : Installation, \n-00005c20: 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 Next: Booting, \n-00005c30: 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Prev: OS-specif\n-00005c40: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 ic notes about g\n-00005c50: 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 rub tools, Up: \n-00005c60: 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 Top..4 Installat\n-00005c70: 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ion.************\n-00005c80: 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 **..In order to \n-00005c90: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2061 7320 install GRUB as \n-00005ca0: 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 your boot loader\n-00005cb0: 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6669 , you need to fi\n-00005cc0: 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 7468 6520 rst install.the \n-00005cd0: 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 GRUB system and \n-00005ce0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 756e 6465 7220 utilities under \n-00005cf0: 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 206f your UNIX-like o\n-00005d00: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a perating system.\n-00005d10: 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 (*note Obtaining\n-00005d20: 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 and Building GR\n-00005d30: 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 UB::). You can \n-00005d40: 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 7468 6572 2066 do this either f\n-00005d50: 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f 7572 6365 2074 rom the.source t\n-00005d60: 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 6120 arball, or as a \n-00005d70: 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f 7220 796f 7572 package for your\n-00005d80: 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 2079 OS... After y\n-00005d90: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f 6e65 2074 6861 ou have done tha\n-00005da0: 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 t, you need to i\n-00005db0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 nstall the boot \n-00005dc0: 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 610a 6472 6976 loader on a.driv\n-00005dd0: 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 2068 6172 e (floppy or har\n-00005de0: 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 2075 7369 6e67 d disk) by using\n-00005df0: 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 7479 20e2 8098 the utility ...\n-00005e00: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n-00005e10: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note.Invoking \n-00005e20: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 grub-install::) \n-00005e30: 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 204f on a UNIX-like O\n-00005e40: 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d65 S... GRUB come\n-00005e50: 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 s with boot imag\n-00005e60: 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 6e6f es, which are no\n-00005e70: 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 6e20 7468 rmally put in th\n-00005e80: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a e280 982f e directory..../\n-00005e90: 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 usr/lib/grub/-...\n-00005eb0: 2028 666f 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 (for BIOS-based\n-00005ec0: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 730a e280 982f 7573 machines..../us\n-00005ed0: 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d r/lib/grub/i386-\n-00005ee0: 7063 e280 9929 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6674 pc...). Hereaft\n-00005ef0: 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 er, the director\n-00005f00: 7920 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 y where GRUB ima\n-00005f10: 6765 730a 6172 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c6c ges.are initiall\n-00005f20: 7920 706c 6163 6564 2028 6e6f 726d 616c y placed (normal\n-00005f30: 6c79 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 ly .../usr/lib/g\n-00005f40: 7275 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d 3c70 6c61 7466 rub/-...) will be\n-00005f60: 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 e280 9c69 .called the ...i\n-00005f70: 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 mage directory..\n-00005f80: 9d2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 ., and the direc\n-00005f90: 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2062 tory where the b\n-00005fa0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 6473 oot loader.needs\n-00005fb0: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 2875 to find them (u\n-00005fc0: 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 sually .../boot.\n-00005fd0: 8099 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c ..) will be call\n-00005fe0: 6564 2074 6865 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 0a64 ed the ...boot.d\n-00005ff0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 irectory......* \n-00006000: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c Menu:..* Install\n-00006010: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 ing GRUB using g\n-00006020: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 rub-install::.* \n-00006030: 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f Making a GRUB bo\n-00006040: 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a otable CD-ROM::.\n-00006050: 2a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a * Device map::.*\n-00006060: 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 BIOS installati\n-00006070: 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 on::....File: gr\n-00006080: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00006090: 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 Installing GRUB \n-000060a0: 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 using grub-insta\n-000060b0: 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 616b 696e ll, Next: Makin\n-000060c0: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n-000060d0: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 e CD-ROM, Up: I\n-000060e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 nstallation..4.1\n-000060f0: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 Installing GRUB\n-00006100: 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 using grub-inst\n-00006110: 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d all.============\n+000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000058b0: 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 **..On OS which \n+000058c0: 6861 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 have device node\n+000058d0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 s similar to Uni\n+000058e0: 782d 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 x-like OS GRUB t\n+000058f0: 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 ools use the.OS \n+00005900: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 name. E.g. for\n+00005910: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 GNU/Linux:.. \n+00005920: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+00005930: 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e /dev/sda.. On\n+00005940: 2041 524f 5320 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f AROS we use ano\n+00005950: 7468 6572 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f ther syntax. Fo\n+00005960: 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 r volumes:.. \n+00005970: 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 //:.. E.g... \n+00005990: 202f 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 //:DH0.. For \n+000059a0: 6469 736b 7320 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e disks we use syn\n+000059b0: 7461 783a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 tax:. //:/unit/\n+000059d0: 666c 6167 730a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a flags.. E.g...\n+000059e0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+000059f0: 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 all //:ata.devic\n+00005a00: 652f 302f 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e e/0/0.. On Win\n+00005a10: 646f 7773 2077 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 dows we use UNC \n+00005a20: 7061 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d path. For volum\n+00005a30: 6573 2069 7427 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c es it's typicall\n+00005a40: 790a 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 y.. \\\\?\\Volu\n+00005a50: 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 2020 2020 me{}. \n+00005a60: 5c5c 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 206c 6574 7465 \\\\?\\:.. E.g... \n+00005a80: 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 \\\\?\\Volume{17\n+00005a90: 6633 3464 3530 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 f34d50-cf64-4b02\n+00005aa0: 2d38 3030 652d 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 -800e-51d79c3aa2\n+00005ab0: 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a ff}. \\\\?\\C:.\n+00005ac0: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 . For disks it\n+00005ad0: 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 's.. \\\\?\\Phy\n+00005ae0: 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 sicalDrive.. E.g... \n+00005b00: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+00005b10: 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 \\\\?\\PhysicalDri\n+00005b20: 7665 300a 0a20 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 ve0.. Beware t\n+00005b30: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 hat you may need\n+00005b40: 2074 6f20 6675 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 to further esca\n+00005b50: 7065 2074 6865 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 pe the backslash\n+00005b60: 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 es depending.on \n+00005b70: 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 your shell... \n+00005b80: 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 When compiled wi\n+00005b90: 7468 2063 7967 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 th cygwin suppor\n+00005ba0: 7420 7468 656e 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 t then cygwin dr\n+00005bb0: 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 ive names are.au\n+00005bc0: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e tomatically when\n+00005bd0: 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a needed. E.g...\n+00005be0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+00005bf0: 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a all /dev/sda....\n+00005c00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00005c10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 Node: Installa\n+00005c20: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f tion, Next: Boo\n+00005c30: 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d ting, Prev: OS-\n+00005c40: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 specific notes a\n+00005c50: 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c bout grub tools,\n+00005c60: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 Up: Top..4 Ins\n+00005c70: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tallation.******\n+00005c80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 ********..In ord\n+00005c90: 6572 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 er to install GR\n+00005ca0: 5542 2061 7320 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 UB as your boot \n+00005cb0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 loader, you need\n+00005cc0: 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c to first instal\n+00005cd0: 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 l.the GRUB syste\n+00005ce0: 6d20 616e 6420 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 m and utilities \n+00005cf0: 756e 6465 7220 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d under your UNIX-\n+00005d00: 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 like operating s\n+00005d10: 7973 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 ystem.(*note Obt\n+00005d20: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n+00005d30: 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f ing GRUB::). Yo\n+00005d40: 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 u can do this ei\n+00005d50: 7468 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f ther from the.so\n+00005d60: 7572 6365 2074 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 urce tarball, or\n+00005d70: 2061 7320 6120 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f as a package fo\n+00005d80: 7220 796f 7572 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 r your OS... A\n+00005d90: 6674 6572 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f fter you have do\n+00005da0: 6e65 2074 6861 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 ne that, you nee\n+00005db0: 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 d to install the\n+00005dc0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 boot loader on \n+00005dd0: 610a 6472 6976 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 a.drive (floppy \n+00005de0: 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 or hard disk) by\n+00005df0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 using the utili\n+00005e00: 7479 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 ty ...grub-insta\n+00005e10: 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 ll... (*note.Inv\n+00005e20: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking grub-insta\n+00005e30: 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d ll::) on a UNIX-\n+00005e40: 6c69 6b65 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 like OS... GRU\n+00005e50: 4220 636f 6d65 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f B comes with boo\n+00005e60: 7420 696d 6167 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 t images, which \n+00005e70: 6172 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 are normally put\n+00005e80: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 in the director\n+00005e90: 790a e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 y..../usr/lib/gr\n+00005ea0: 7562 2f3c 6370 753e 2d3c 706c 6174 666f ub/-... (for BIOS\n+00005ec0: 2d62 6173 6564 206d 6163 6869 6e65 730a -based machines.\n+00005ed0: e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 .../usr/lib/grub\n+00005ee0: 2f69 3338 362d 7063 e280 9929 2e20 2048 /i386-pc...). H\n+00005ef0: 6572 6561 6674 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6469 ereafter, the di\n+00005f00: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 6520 4752 rectory where GR\n+00005f10: 5542 2069 6d61 6765 730a 6172 6520 696e UB images.are in\n+00005f20: 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 6564 2028 itially placed (\n+00005f30: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 normally .../usr\n+00005f40: 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d /lib/grub/-\n+00005f50: 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e e280 9929 2077 ...) w\n+00005f60: 696c 6c20 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 ill be.called th\n+00005f70: 6520 e280 9c69 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 e ...image direc\n+00005f80: 746f 7279 e280 9d2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 tory..., and the\n+00005f90: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 directory where\n+00005fa0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n+00005fb0: 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 .needs to find t\n+00005fc0: 6865 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 hem (usually ...\n+00005fd0: 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 /boot...) will b\n+00005fe0: 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 20e2 809c e called the ...\n+00005ff0: 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 boot.directory..\n+00006000: 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 ....* Menu:..* I\n+00006010: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 nstalling GRUB u\n+00006020: 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c sing grub-instal\n+00006030: 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 l::.* Making a G\n+00006040: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d RUB bootable CD-\n+00006050: 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 6365 206d ROM::.* Device m\n+00006060: 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 ap::.* BIOS inst\n+00006070: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 allation::....Fi\n+00006080: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00006090: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 Node: Installing\n+000060a0: 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 GRUB using grub\n+000060b0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a -install, Next:\n+000060c0: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n+000060d0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 ootable CD-ROM, \n+000060e0: 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f Up: Installatio\n+000060f0: 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e n..4.1 Installin\n+00006100: 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 g GRUB using gru\n+00006110: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d b-install.======\n 00006120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 ==========..For \n-00006140: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 information on w\n-00006150: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 here GRUB should\n-00006160: 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e be installed on\n-00006170: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 PC BIOS platfor\n-00006180: 6d73 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 ms,.*note BIOS i\n-00006190: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a nstallation::...\n-000061a0: 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2069 In order to i\n-000061b0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 nstall GRUB unde\n-000061c0: 7220 6120 554e 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 r a UNIX-like OS\n-000061d0: 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 474e 5529 2c20 (such as GNU), \n-000061e0: 696e 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 6772 invoke.the progr\n-000061f0: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 am ...grub-insta\n-00006200: 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 ll... (*note Inv\n-00006210: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking grub-insta\n-00006220: 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 6865 0a73 7570 ll::) as the.sup\n-00006230: 6572 7573 6572 2028 e280 9c72 6f6f 74e2 eruser (...root.\n-00006240: 809d 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2075 7361 ..)... The usa\n-00006250: 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 6c6c 7920 ge is basically \n-00006260: 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e 2020 596f very simple. Yo\n-00006270: 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 u only need to s\n-00006280: 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 756d pecify one.argum\n-00006290: 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 ent to the progr\n-000062a0: 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 6572 am, namely, wher\n-000062b0: 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 e to install the\n-000062c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 boot loader. T\n-000062d0: 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 6861 7320 he.argument has \n-000062e0: 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2064 to be either a d\n-000062f0: 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 6b65 evice file (like\n-00006300: 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 e280 9929 .../dev/hda...)\n-00006310: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a . For example,.\n-00006320: 756e 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 under Linux the \n-00006330: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 following will i\n-00006340: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f nstall GRUB into\n-00006350: 2074 6865 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 the MBR of the \n-00006360: 6669 7273 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a first.IDE disk:.\n-00006370: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n-00006380: 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 tall /dev/sda.. \n-00006390: 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 Likewise, unde\n-000063a0: 7220 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 r GNU/Hurd, this\n-000063b0: 2068 6173 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 has the same ef\n-000063c0: 6665 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 fect:.. # gr\n-000063d0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f ub-install /dev/\n-000063e0: 6864 300a 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 hd0.. But all \n-000063f0: 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c the above exampl\n-00006400: 6573 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 es assume that G\n-00006410: 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 RUB should put i\n-00006420: 6d61 6765 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 mages under.the \n-00006430: e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6469 7265 .../boot... dire\n-00006440: 6374 6f72 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2077 ctory. If you w\n-00006450: 616e 7420 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7075 7420 ant GRUB to put \n-00006460: 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2064 images under a d\n-00006470: 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 irectory.other t\n-00006480: 6861 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992c han .../boot...,\n-00006490: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 you need to spe\n-000064a0: 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 cify the option \n-000064b0: e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 ...--boot-direct\n-000064c0: 6f72 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 7069 ory.....The typi\n-000064d0: 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 2074 6861 cal usage is tha\n-000064e0: 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 2061 2047 t you create a G\n-000064f0: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 RUB boot floppy \n-00006500: 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 with a.filesyste\n-00006510: 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 m. Here is an e\n-00006520: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 xample:.. # \n-00006530: 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a mke2fs /dev/fd0.\n-00006540: 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 7420 # mount -t \n-00006550: 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 3020 2f6d ext2 /dev/fd0 /m\n-00006560: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 7220 nt. # mkdir \n-00006570: 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2023 /mnt/boot. #\n-00006580: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n-00006590: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f boot-directory=/\n-000065a0: 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 6664 mnt/boot /dev/fd\n-000065b0: 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f 756e 7420 0. # umount \n-000065c0: 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 /mnt.. Some BI\n-000065d0: 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 6275 6720 OSes have a bug \n-000065e0: 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 7468 6520 of exposing the \n-000065f0: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 first partition \n-00006600: 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 0a61 of a USB drive.a\n-00006610: 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 7465 s a floppy inste\n-00006620: 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 6e67 2074 ad of exposing t\n-00006630: 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 he USB drive as \n-00006640: 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 2874 6865 a hard disk (the\n-00006650: 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 5342 2d46 y call.it \"USB-F\n-00006660: 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 496e 2073 DD\" boot). In s\n-00006670: 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 6f75 206e uch cases, you n\n-00006680: 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206c eed to install l\n-00006690: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n-000066a0: 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 6576 2f6c # losetup /dev/l\n-000066b0: 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 6231 0a20 oop0 /dev/sdb1. \n-000066c0: 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 # mount /dev\n-000066d0: 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 620a /loop0 /mnt/usb.\n-000066e0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n-000066f0: 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 all --boot-direc\n-00006700: 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 622f 6275 tory=/mnt/usb/bu\n-00006710: 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 2d2d gbios --force --\n-00006720: 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 202f 6465 allow-floppy /de\n-00006730: 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 v/loop0.. This\n-00006740: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e 2774 install doesn't\n-00006750: 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 7468 2073 conflict with s\n-00006760: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 tandard install \n-00006770: 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 790a as long as they.\n-00006780: 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 are in separate \n-00006790: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 directories... \n-000067a0: 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d 7320 On EFI systems \n-000067b0: 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 736b 2069 for fixed disk i\n-000067c0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 nstall you have \n-000067d0: 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 2053 7973 to mount EFI Sys\n-000067e0: 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 tem.Partition. \n-000067f0: 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7420 If you mount it \n-00006800: 6174 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 69e2 at .../boot/efi.\n-00006810: 8099 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 .. then you don'\n-00006820: 7420 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 t need any.speci\n-00006830: 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 al arguments:.. \n-00006840: 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 # grub-insta\n-00006850: 6c6c 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 ll.. Otherwise\n-00006860: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 you need to spe\n-00006870: 6369 6679 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 cify where your \n-00006880: 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 EFI System parti\n-00006890: 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a tion is.mounted:\n-000068a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e .. # grub-in\n-000068b0: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 stall --efi-dire\n-000068c0: 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a ctory=/mnt/efi..\n-000068d0: 2020 2046 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 For removable\n-000068e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 installs you ha\n-000068f0: 7665 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 982d 2d72 ve to use ...--r\n-00006900: 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 9920 616e 6420 emovable... and \n-00006910: 7370 6563 6966 7920 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 specify both....\n-00006920: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n-00006930: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d65 6669 ... and ...--efi\n-00006940: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 993a 0a0a -directory...:..\n-00006950: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n-00006960: 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 all --efi-direct\n-00006970: 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 202d 2d62 ory=/mnt/usb --b\n-00006980: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d oot-directory=/m\n-00006990: 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d 7265 nt/usb/boot --re\n-000069a0: 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a movable....File:\n-000069b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000069c0: 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 e: Making a GRUB\n-000069d0: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n-000069e0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 6963 6520 , Next: Device \n-000069f0: 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7374 map, Prev: Inst\n-00006a00: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e alling GRUB usin\n-00006a10: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 g grub-install, \n-00006a20: 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f Up: Installatio\n-00006a30: 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 n..4.2 Making a \n-00006a40: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n-00006a50: 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d -ROM.===========\n+00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00006140: 0a0a 466f 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f ..For informatio\n+00006150: 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 n on where GRUB \n+00006160: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c should be instal\n+00006170: 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 led on PC BIOS p\n+00006180: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 latforms,.*note \n+00006190: 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f BIOS installatio\n+000061a0: 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 n::... In orde\n+000061b0: 7220 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 r to install GRU\n+000061c0: 4220 756e 6465 7220 6120 554e 4958 2d6c B under a UNIX-l\n+000061d0: 696b 6520 4f53 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 ike OS (such as \n+000061e0: 474e 5529 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 GNU), invoke.the\n+000061f0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 program ...grub\n+00006200: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f -install... (*no\n+00006210: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te Invoking grub\n+00006220: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 -install::) as t\n+00006230: 6865 0a73 7570 6572 7573 6572 2028 e280 he.superuser (..\n+00006240: 9c72 6f6f 74e2 809d 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 .root...)... T\n+00006250: 6865 2075 7361 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 he usage is basi\n+00006260: 6361 6c6c 7920 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c cally very simpl\n+00006270: 652e 2020 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 e. You only nee\n+00006280: 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 d to specify one\n+00006290: 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 .argument to the\n+000062a0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 program, namely\n+000062b0: 2c20 7768 6572 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 , where to insta\n+000062c0: 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 ll the boot load\n+000062d0: 6572 2e20 2054 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e er. The.argumen\n+000062e0: 7420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 t has to be eith\n+000062f0: 6572 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 er a device file\n+00006300: 2028 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 (like .../dev/h\n+00006310: 6461 e280 9929 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 da...). For exa\n+00006320: 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 mple,.under Linu\n+00006330: 7820 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 x the following \n+00006340: 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 will install GRU\n+00006350: 4220 696e 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 206f B into the MBR o\n+00006360: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 4944 4520 f the first.IDE \n+00006370: 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 disk:.. # gr\n+00006380: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f ub-install /dev/\n+00006390: 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 sda.. Likewise\n+000063a0: 2c20 756e 6465 7220 474e 552f 4875 7264 , under GNU/Hurd\n+000063b0: 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6173 2074 6865 2073 , this has the s\n+000063c0: 616d 6520 6566 6665 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 ame effect:.. \n+000063d0: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+000063e0: 202f 6465 762f 6864 300a 0a20 2020 4275 /dev/hd0.. Bu\n+000063f0: 7420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 t all the above \n+00006400: 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 7373 756d 6520 examples assume \n+00006410: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 that GRUB should\n+00006420: 2070 7574 2069 6d61 6765 7320 756e 6465 put images unde\n+00006430: 720a 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 r.the .../boot..\n+00006440: 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 2020 4966 . directory. If\n+00006450: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 4752 5542 2074 you want GRUB t\n+00006460: 6f20 7075 7420 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 o put images und\n+00006470: 6572 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6f er a directory.o\n+00006480: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 e280 982f 626f ther than .../bo\n+00006490: 6f74 e280 992c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 ot..., you need \n+000064a0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f to specify the o\n+000064b0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d ption ...--boot-\n+000064c0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 directory.....Th\n+000064d0: 6520 7479 7069 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 e typical usage \n+000064e0: 6973 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 is that you crea\n+000064f0: 7465 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 te a GRUB boot f\n+00006500: 6c6f 7070 7920 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c loppy with a.fil\n+00006510: 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 esystem. Here i\n+00006520: 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 s an example:.. \n+00006530: 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 # mke2fs /de\n+00006540: 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 v/fd0. # mou\n+00006550: 6e74 202d 7420 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f nt -t ext2 /dev/\n+00006560: 6664 3020 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 fd0 /mnt. # \n+00006570: 6d6b 6469 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a mkdir /mnt/boot.\n+00006580: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+00006590: 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 all --boot-direc\n+000065a0: 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f tory=/mnt/boot /\n+000065b0: 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 dev/fd0. # u\n+000065c0: 6d6f 756e 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 mount /mnt.. S\n+000065d0: 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 ome BIOSes have \n+000065e0: 6120 6275 6720 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e a bug of exposin\n+000065f0: 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 g the first part\n+00006600: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 ition of a USB d\n+00006610: 7269 7665 0a61 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 rive.as a floppy\n+00006620: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f instead of expo\n+00006630: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 sing the USB dri\n+00006640: 7665 2061 7320 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 ve as a hard dis\n+00006650: 6b20 2874 6865 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 k (they call.it \n+00006660: 2255 5342 2d46 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e \"USB-FDD\" boot).\n+00006670: 2020 496e 2073 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c In such cases,\n+00006680: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 you need to ins\n+00006690: 7461 6c6c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a tall like this:.\n+000066a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 . # losetup \n+000066b0: 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f /dev/loop0 /dev/\n+000066c0: 7364 6231 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e sdb1. # moun\n+000066d0: 7420 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e t /dev/loop0 /mn\n+000066e0: 742f 7573 620a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 t/usb. # gru\n+000066f0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 b-install --boot\n+00006700: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f -directory=/mnt/\n+00006710: 7573 622f 6275 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f usb/bugbios --fo\n+00006720: 7263 6520 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 rce --allow-flop\n+00006730: 7079 202f 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 py /dev/loop0.. \n+00006740: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 This install d\n+00006750: 6f65 736e 2774 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 oesn't conflict \n+00006760: 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e with standard in\n+00006770: 7374 616c 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 stall as long as\n+00006780: 2074 6865 790a 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 they.are in sep\n+00006790: 6172 6174 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 arate directorie\n+000067a0: 732e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 s... On EFI sy\n+000067b0: 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 stems for fixed \n+000067c0: 6469 736b 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 disk install you\n+000067d0: 2068 6176 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 have to mount E\n+000067e0: 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 FI System.Partit\n+000067f0: 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 ion. If you mou\n+00006800: 6e74 2069 7420 6174 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f nt it at .../boo\n+00006810: 742f 6566 69e2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 796f t/efi... then yo\n+00006820: 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 u don't need any\n+00006830: 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e .special argumen\n+00006840: 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 ts:.. # grub\n+00006850: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 -install.. Oth\n+00006860: 6572 7769 7365 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 erwise you need \n+00006870: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2077 6865 7265 to specify where\n+00006880: 2079 6f75 7220 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d your EFI System\n+00006890: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f partition is.mo\n+000068a0: 756e 7465 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 unted:.. # g\n+000068b0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 rub-install --ef\n+000068c0: 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 i-directory=/mnt\n+000068d0: 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2072 656d /efi.. For rem\n+000068e0: 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 ovable installs \n+000068f0: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 6f20 7573 6520 you have to use \n+00006900: e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 ...--removable..\n+00006910: 9920 616e 6420 7370 6563 6966 7920 626f . and specify bo\n+00006920: 7468 0ae2 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 th....--boot-dir\n+00006930: 6563 746f 7279 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 ectory... and ..\n+00006940: 982d 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 .--efi-directory\n+00006950: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 ...:.. # gru\n+00006960: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d b-install --efi-\n+00006970: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 directory=/mnt/u\n+00006980: 7362 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 sb --boot-direct\n+00006990: 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f ory=/mnt/usb/boo\n+000069a0: 7420 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f t --removable...\n+000069b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000069c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 , Node: Making \n+000069d0: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n+000069e0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 CD-ROM, Next: D\n+000069f0: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 evice map, Prev\n+00006a00: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 : Installing GRU\n+00006a10: 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 B using grub-ins\n+00006a20: 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 tall, Up: Insta\n+00006a30: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b llation..4.2 Mak\n+00006a40: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n+00006a50: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ble CD-ROM.=====\n 00006a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 ======..GRUB sup\n-00006a80: 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6e 6f20 ports the ...no \n-00006a90: 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 e280 emulation mode..\n-00006aa0: 9d20 696e 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 . in the El Tori\n-00006ab0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e to specification\n-00006ac0: 2831 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e (1).(*note Makin\n-00006ad0: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n-00006ae0: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 e CD-ROM-Footnot\n-00006af0: 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 e-1::). This me\n-00006b00: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e ans that you.can\n-00006b10: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 use the whole C\n-00006b20: 442d 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 D-ROM from GRUB \n-00006b30: 616e 6420 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 and you don't ha\n-00006b40: 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f ve to make a flo\n-00006b50: 7070 790a 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b ppy.or hard disk\n-00006b60: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 image file, whi\n-00006b70: 6368 2063 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d ch can cause com\n-00006b80: 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c patibility probl\n-00006b90: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f ems... For boo\n-00006ba0: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 ting from a CD-R\n-00006bb0: 4f4d 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 OM, GRUB uses a \n-00006bc0: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 special image ca\n-00006bd0: 6c6c 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 lled....cdboot.i\n-00006be0: 6d67 e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 mg..., which is \n-00006bf0: 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6564 2077 6974 concatenated wit\n-00006c00: 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 h ...core.img...\n-00006c10: 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 . The ...core.i\n-00006c20: 6d67 e280 990a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 mg....used for t\n-00006c30: 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6275 his should be bu\n-00006c40: 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 6c65 6173 ilt with at leas\n-00006c50: 7420 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 t the ...iso9660\n-00006c60: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9862 696f 7364 ... and ...biosd\n-00006c70: 6973 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 isk....modules. \n-00006c80: 2059 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 Your bootable C\n-00006c90: 442d 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 616c D-ROM will usual\n-00006ca0: 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ly also need to \n-00006cb0: 696e 636c 7564 6520 610a 636f 6e66 6967 include a.config\n-00006cc0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 uration file ...\n-00006cd0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 616e 6420 grub.cfg... and \n-00006ce0: 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 some other GRUB \n-00006cf0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 modules... To \n-00006d00: 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6765 make a simple ge\n-00006d10: 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 neric GRUB rescu\n-00006d20: 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 e CD, you can us\n-00006d30: 6520 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b e the....grub-mk\n-00006d40: 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 rescue... progra\n-00006d50: 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e m (*note Invokin\n-00006d60: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a g grub-mkrescue:\n-00006d70: 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 :):.. $ grub\n-00006d80: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 -mkrescue -o gru\n-00006d90: 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 7769 b.iso.. You wi\n-00006da0: 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f ll often need to\n-00006db0: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 6572 2066 include other f\n-00006dc0: 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2069 6d61 iles in your ima\n-00006dd0: 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 732c ge. To do.this,\n-00006de0: 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 6120 746f first make a to\n-00006df0: 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 666f 7220 p directory for \n-00006e00: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 6d61 the bootable ima\n-00006e10: 6765 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 6973 6fe2 ge, say, ...iso.\n-00006e20: 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 ..:.. $ mkdi\n-00006e30: 7220 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 r iso.. Make a\n-00006e40: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 directory for G\n-00006e50: 5255 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 RUB:.. $ mkd\n-00006e60: 6972 202d 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 ir -p iso/boot/g\n-00006e70: 7275 620a 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 rub.. If desir\n-00006e80: 6564 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e ed, make the con\n-00006e90: 6669 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 fig file ...grub\n-00006ea0: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 756e 6465 7220 e280 .cfg... under ..\n-00006eb0: 9869 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 .iso/boot/grub..\n-00006ec0: 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 ..(*note Configu\n-00006ed0: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2063 ration::), and c\n-00006ee0: 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 6c65 7320 616e opy any files an\n-00006ef0: 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 7320 666f d directories fo\n-00006f00: 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 0a74 6f20 7468 r the disc.to th\n-00006f10: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9869 e directory ...i\n-00006f20: 736f 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 6e61 so/...... Fina\n-00006f30: 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 696d lly, make the im\n-00006f40: 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 age:.. $ gru\n-00006f50: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 b-mkrescue -o gr\n-00006f60: 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 2054 ub.iso iso.. T\n-00006f70: 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 2061 2066 his produces a f\n-00006f80: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9867 7275 ile named ...gru\n-00006f90: 622e 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 b.iso..., which \n-00006fa0: 7468 656e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e then can be burn\n-00006fb0: 6564 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 ed into.a CD (or\n-00006fc0: 2061 2044 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 a DVD), or writ\n-00006fd0: 7465 6e20 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 ten to a USB mas\n-00006fe0: 7320 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 s storage device\n-00006ff0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 ... The root d\n-00007000: 6576 6963 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 evice will be se\n-00007010: 7420 7570 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 t up appropriate\n-00007020: 6c79 206f 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 ly on entering y\n-00007030: 6f75 720a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 our....grub.cfg.\n-00007040: 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e .. configuration\n-00007050: 2066 696c 652c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 file, so you ca\n-00007060: 6e20 7265 6665 7220 746f 2066 696c 6520 n refer to file \n-00007070: 6e61 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 440a names on the CD.\n-00007080: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 without needing \n-00007090: 746f 2075 7365 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 to use an explic\n-000070a0: 6974 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 it device name. \n-000070b0: 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 This makes it e\n-000070c0: 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a70 726f 6475 6365 asier to.produce\n-000070d0: 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 6573 2074 rescue images t\n-000070e0: 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e hat will work on\n-000070f0: 2062 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 6472 both optical dr\n-00007100: 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2055 5342 206d 6173 ives and USB mas\n-00007110: 730a 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 s.storage device\n-00007120: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00007130: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 .info, Node: Ma\n-00007140: 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 king a GRUB boot\n-00007150: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 able CD-ROM-Foot\n-00007160: 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 notes, Up: Maki\n-00007170: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n-00007180: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 le CD-ROM.. (1\n-00007190: 2920 456c 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 2061 ) El Torito is a\n-000071a0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 specification f\n-000071b0: 6f72 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2075 or bootable CD u\n-000071c0: 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6675 6e63 7469 sing BIOS.functi\n-000071d0: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ons.....File: gr\n-000071e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000071f0: 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 Device map, Nex\n-00007200: 743a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 t: BIOS installa\n-00007210: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 616b tion, Prev: Mak\n-00007220: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n-00007230: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a ble CD-ROM, Up:\n-00007240: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 Installation..4\n-00007250: 2e33 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 .3 The map betwe\n-00007260: 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 en BIOS drives a\n-00007270: 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d nd OS devices.==\n-00007280: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n+00006a80: 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 UB supports the \n+00006a90: e280 9c6e 6f20 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 ...no emulation \n+00006aa0: 6d6f 6465 e280 9d20 696e 2074 6865 2045 mode... in the E\n+00006ab0: 6c20 546f 7269 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 l Torito specifi\n+00006ac0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 cation(1).(*note\n+00006ad0: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n+00006ae0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 ootable CD-ROM-F\n+00006af0: 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 ootnote-1::). T\n+00006b00: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2079 his means that y\n+00006b10: 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 ou.can use the w\n+00006b20: 686f 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d hole CD-ROM from\n+00006b30: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 796f 7520 646f GRUB and you do\n+00006b40: 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 n't have to make\n+00006b50: 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 790a 6f72 2068 6172 a floppy.or har\n+00006b60: 6420 6469 736b 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c d disk image fil\n+00006b70: 652c 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2063 6175 e, which can cau\n+00006b80: 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 se compatibility\n+00006b90: 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 problems... F\n+00006ba0: 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 or booting from \n+00006bb0: 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 4752 5542 2075 a CD-ROM, GRUB u\n+00006bc0: 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 696d ses a special im\n+00006bd0: 6167 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 age called....cd\n+00006be0: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 2077 6869 boot.img..., whi\n+00006bf0: 6368 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 ch is concatenat\n+00006c00: 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e ed with ...core.\n+00006c10: 696d 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 img.... The ...\n+00006c20: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 7573 6564 core.img....used\n+00006c30: 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 for this should\n+00006c40: 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 be built with a\n+00006c50: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 e280 9869 t least the ...i\n+00006c60: 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 so9660... and ..\n+00006c70: 9862 696f 7364 6973 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 .biosdisk....mod\n+00006c80: 756c 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 ules. Your boot\n+00006c90: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c able CD-ROM will\n+00006ca0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 usually also ne\n+00006cb0: 6564 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 610a ed to include a.\n+00006cc0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00006cd0: 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 le ...grub.cfg..\n+00006ce0: 9920 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 . and some other\n+00006cf0: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a GRUB modules...\n+00006d00: 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d To make a sim\n+00006d10: 706c 6520 6765 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 ple generic GRUB\n+00006d20: 2072 6573 6375 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 rescue CD, you \n+00006d30: 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 650a e280 9867 can use the....g\n+00006d40: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 rub-mkrescue... \n+00006d50: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 program (*note I\n+00006d60: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00006d70: 6573 6375 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 escue::):.. \n+00006d80: 2420 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 $ grub-mkrescue \n+00006d90: 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 -o grub.iso.. \n+00006da0: 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e You will often n\n+00006db0: 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f eed to include o\n+00006dc0: 7468 6572 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f ther files in yo\n+00006dd0: 7572 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f ur image. To do\n+00006de0: 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b .this, first mak\n+00006df0: 6520 6120 746f 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 e a top director\n+00006e00: 7920 666f 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 y for the bootab\n+00006e10: 6c65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 le image, say, .\n+00006e20: 8098 6973 6fe2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ..iso...:.. \n+00006e30: 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 $ mkdir iso.. \n+00006e40: 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 Make a directory\n+00006e50: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 for GRUB:.. \n+00006e60: 2024 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6973 6f2f $ mkdir -p iso/\n+00006e70: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 4966 boot/grub.. If\n+00006e80: 2064 6573 6972 6564 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 desired, make t\n+00006e90: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 he config file .\n+00006ea0: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 756e ..grub.cfg... un\n+00006eb0: 6465 7220 e280 9869 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f der ...iso/boot/\n+00006ec0: 6772 7562 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 grub....(*note C\n+00006ed0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c onfiguration::),\n+00006ee0: 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 and copy any fi\n+00006ef0: 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 les and director\n+00006f00: 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 ies for the disc\n+00006f10: 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 .to the director\n+00006f20: 7920 e280 9869 736f 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 y ...iso/...... \n+00006f30: 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 Finally, make \n+00006f40: 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 the image:.. \n+00006f50: 2024 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 $ grub-mkrescue\n+00006f60: 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f -o grub.iso iso\n+00006f70: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 .. This produc\n+00006f80: 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 es a file named \n+00006f90: e280 9867 7275 622e 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 ...grub.iso..., \n+00006fa0: 7768 6963 6820 7468 656e 2063 616e 2062 which then can b\n+00006fb0: 6520 6275 726e 6564 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 e burned into.a \n+00006fc0: 4344 2028 6f72 2061 2044 5644 292c 206f CD (or a DVD), o\n+00006fd0: 7220 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 2055 r written to a U\n+00006fe0: 5342 206d 6173 7320 7374 6f72 6167 6520 SB mass storage \n+00006ff0: 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 device... The \n+00007000: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 6c6c root device will\n+00007010: 2062 6520 7365 7420 7570 2061 7070 726f be set up appro\n+00007020: 7072 6961 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 656e 7465 priately on ente\n+00007030: 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 720a e280 9867 7275 ring your....gru\n+00007040: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 b.cfg... configu\n+00007050: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2073 6f20 ration file, so \n+00007060: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6665 7220 746f you can refer to\n+00007070: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 file names on t\n+00007080: 6865 2043 440a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 he CD.without ne\n+00007090: 6564 696e 6720 746f 2075 7365 2061 6e20 eding to use an \n+000070a0: 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 6963 6520 explicit device \n+000070b0: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 name. This make\n+000070c0: 7320 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a70 s it easier to.p\n+000070d0: 726f 6475 6365 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d roduce rescue im\n+000070e0: 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 ages that will w\n+000070f0: 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 ork on both opti\n+00007100: 6361 6c20 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2055 cal drives and U\n+00007110: 5342 206d 6173 730a 7374 6f72 6167 6520 SB mass.storage \n+00007120: 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 devices.....File\n+00007130: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00007140: 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 de: Making a GRU\n+00007150: 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f B bootable CD-RO\n+00007160: 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 M-Footnotes, Up\n+00007170: 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 : Making a GRUB \n+00007180: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d0a bootable CD-ROM.\n+00007190: 0a20 2020 2831 2920 456c 2054 6f72 6974 . (1) El Torit\n+000071a0: 6f20 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 o is a specifica\n+000071b0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7461 626c tion for bootabl\n+000071c0: 6520 4344 2075 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a e CD using BIOS.\n+000071d0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 functions.....Fi\n+000071e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000071f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 Node: Device map\n+00007200: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 494f 5320 696e , Next: BIOS in\n+00007210: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 stallation, Pre\n+00007220: 763a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 v: Making a GRUB\n+00007230: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n+00007240: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 , Up: Installat\n+00007250: 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 206d 6170 ion..4.3 The map\n+00007260: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 between BIOS dr\n+00007270: 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 ives and OS devi\n+00007280: 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ces.============\n 00007290: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 ============..If\n-000072b0: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 the device map \n-000072c0: 6669 6c65 2065 7869 7374 732c 2074 6865 file exists, the\n-000072d0: 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 GRUB utilities \n-000072e0: 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 (...grub-probe..\n-000072f0: 992c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 6420 6974 ., etc.).read it\n-00007300: 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 2064 7269 to map BIOS dri\n-00007310: 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 ves to OS device\n-00007320: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 636f s. This file co\n-00007330: 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 6c69 6e65 730a nsists of lines.\n-00007340: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like this:.. \n-00007350: 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 4649 4c45 0a0a (DEVICE) FILE..\n-00007360: 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 2064 DEVICE is a d\n-00007370: 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 rive specified i\n-00007380: 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 796e 7461 n the GRUB synta\n-00007390: 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 650a x (*note Device.\n-000073a0: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2046 syntax::), and F\n-000073b0: 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2066 696c ILE is an OS fil\n-000073c0: 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 726d e, which is norm\n-000073d0: 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 ally a device fi\n-000073e0: 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 le... Historic\n-000073f0: 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 ally, the device\n-00007400: 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 7573 map file was us\n-00007410: 6564 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 5255 4220 ed because GRUB \n-00007420: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 0a68 6164 device names.had\n-00007430: 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 to be used in t\n-00007440: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he configuration\n-00007450: 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7920 file, and they \n-00007460: 7765 7265 2064 6572 6976 6564 2066 726f were derived fro\n-00007470: 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d m.BIOS drive num\n-00007480: 6265 7273 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 bers. 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Unfort\n-00007550: 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 7665 6e20 4f53 unately, even OS\n-00007560: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 device names ar\n-00007570: 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 7973 2073 7461 e not always sta\n-00007580: 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 0a76 6572 ble. 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You ca\n-00007910: 6e20 7075 7420 616e 7920 636f 6d6d 656e n put any commen\n-00007920: 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 ts in the file i\n-00007930: 660a 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 6173 2074 6865 f.needed, as the\n-00007940: 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 GRUB utilities \n-00007950: 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 6120 6c69 assume that a li\n-00007960: 6e65 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 2063 6f6d ne is just a com\n-00007970: 6d65 6e74 2069 660a 7468 6520 6669 7273 ment if.the firs\n-00007980: 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 6973 20e2 t character is .\n-00007990: 8098 23e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ..#........File:\n-000079a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000079b0: 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 e: BIOS installa\n-000079c0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 tion, Prev: Dev\n-000079d0: 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 496e ice map, Up: In\n-000079e0: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 0a0a 342e 3420 stallation..4.4 \n-000079f0: 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f BIOS installatio\n-00007a00: 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d n.==============\n-00007a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d 4252 0a3d 3d3d =======..MBR.===\n-00007a20: 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 ..The partition \n-00007a30: 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 7261 table format tra\n-00007a40: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6420 ditionally used \n-00007a50: 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 on PC BIOS platf\n-00007a60: 6f72 6d73 2069 730a 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 orms is.called t\n-00007a70: 6865 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 he Master Boot R\n-00007a80: 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 666f 726d ecord (MBR) form\n-00007a90: 6174 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 at; this is the \n-00007aa0: 666f 726d 6174 2074 6861 740a 616c 6c6f format that.allo\n-00007ab0: 7773 2075 7020 746f 2066 6f75 7220 7072 ws up to four pr\n-00007ac0: 696d 6172 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 imary partitions\n-00007ad0: 2061 6e64 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 and additional \n-00007ae0: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f logical partitio\n-00007af0: 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7061 ns..With this pa\n-00007b00: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f rtition table fo\n-00007b10: 726d 6174 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 rmat, there are \n-00007b20: 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 696e 7374 two ways to inst\n-00007b30: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 6974 0a63 616e all GRUB: it.can\n-00007b40: 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e20 be embedded in \n-00007b50: 7468 6520 6172 6561 2062 6574 7765 656e the area between\n-00007b60: 2074 6865 204d 4252 2061 6e64 2074 6865 the MBR and the\n-00007b70: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n-00007b80: 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 .(called by vari\n-00007b90: 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 7563 6820 ous names, such \n-00007ba0: 6173 2074 6865 2022 626f 6f74 2074 7261 as the \"boot tra\n-00007bb0: 636b 222c 2022 4d42 5220 6761 7022 2c20 ck\", \"MBR gap\", \n-00007bc0: 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 or.\"embedding ar\n-00007bd0: 6561 222c 2061 6e64 2077 6869 6368 2069 ea\", and which i\n-00007be0: 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6174 206c 6561 s usually at lea\n-00007bf0: 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 4229 2c20 6f72 st 1000 KiB), or\n-00007c00: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 6520 the core.image \n-00007c10: 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 can be installed\n-00007c20: 2069 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 in a file syste\n-00007c30: 6d20 616e 6420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 m and a list of \n-00007c40: 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2074 6861 740a the blocks that.\n-00007c50: 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 7570 2063 616e 2062 make it up can b\n-00007c60: 6520 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e stored in the \n-00007c70: 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 first sector of \n-00007c80: 7468 6174 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a that partition..\n-00007c90: 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2074 6f6f 6c73 . 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Hist\n-00007d40: 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 206d 616e 7920 746f orically many to\n-00007d50: 6f6c 7320 6c65 6674 206f 6e6c 7920 3331 ols left only 31\n-00007d60: 204b 6942 206f 6620 7370 6163 652e 2020 KiB of space. \n-00007d70: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 656e 6f75 This is not.enou\n-00007d80: 6768 2074 6f20 7061 7273 6520 7265 6c69 gh to parse reli\n-00007d90: 6162 6c79 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2073 ably difficult s\n-00007da0: 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 6c69 6b65 2042 tructures like B\n-00007db0: 7472 6673 2c20 5a46 532c 2052 4149 4420 trfs, ZFS, RAID \n-00007dc0: 6f72 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 or.LVM, or to us\n-00007dd0: 6520 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 6469 736b e difficult disk\n-00007de0: 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 access methods \n-00007df0: 6c69 6b65 2061 6863 692e 2020 4865 6e63 like ahci. 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G\n-000081a0: 5255 4220 7465 616d 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 RUB team recomme\n-000081b0: 6e64 7320 6861 7669 6e67 204d 4252 2067 nds having MBR g\n-000081c0: 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 ap of at least 1\n-000081d0: 3030 3020 4b69 422e 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 000 KiB... Sho\n-000081e0: 756c 6420 6974 206e 6f74 2062 6520 706f uld it not be po\n-000081f0: 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2068 6173 ssible, GRUB has\n-00008200: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2061 2066 support for a f\n-00008210: 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e allback solution\n-00008220: 0a77 6869 6368 2069 7320 6865 6176 696c .which is heavil\n-00008230: 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6167 y recommended ag\n-00008240: 6169 6e73 742e 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 ainst. Installi\n-00008250: 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 ng to a filesyst\n-00008260: 656d 206d 6561 6e73 0a74 6861 7420 4752 em means.that GR\n-00008270: 5542 2069 7320 7675 6c6e 6572 6162 6c65 UB is vulnerable\n-00008280: 2074 6f20 6974 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 2062 to its blocks b\n-00008290: 6569 6e67 206d 6f76 6564 2061 726f 756e eing moved aroun\n-000082a0: 6420 6279 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a d by filesystem.\n-000082b0: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 features such as\n-000082c0: 2074 6169 6c20 7061 636b 696e 672c 206f tail packing, o\n-000082d0: 7220 6576 656e 2062 7920 6167 6772 6573 r even by aggres\n-000082e0: 7369 7665 2066 7363 6b0a 696d 706c 656d sive fsck.implem\n-000082f0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 7468 entations, so th\n-00008300: 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 6973 2071 is approach is q\n-00008310: 7569 7465 2066 7261 6769 6c65 3b20 616e uite fragile; an\n-00008320: 6420 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 680a d this approach.\n-00008330: 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 can only be used\n-00008340: 2069 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 if the .../boot\n-00008350: e280 9920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 ... filesystem i\n-00008360: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 s on the same di\n-00008370: 736b 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 4249 4f53 sk that the.BIOS\n-00008380: 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2c 2073 6f20 boots from, so \n-00008390: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e that GRUB does n\n-000083a0: 6f74 2068 6176 6520 746f 2072 656c 7920 ot have to rely \n-000083b0: 6f6e 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 4249 4f53 on guessing BIOS\n-000083c0: 0a64 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e0a .drive numbers..\n-000083d0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4752 5542 2064 6576 . The GRUB dev\n-000083e0: 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 6561 6d20 6765 elopment team ge\n-000083f0: 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e nerally recommen\n-00008400: 6473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2047 5255 ds embedding GRU\n-00008410: 4220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 6972 B before.the fir\n-00008420: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 756e st partition, un\n-00008430: 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7370 less you have sp\n-00008440: 6563 6961 6c20 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e ecial requiremen\n-00008450: 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 740a 656e ts. You must.en\n-00008460: 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6669 sure that the fi\n-00008470: 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 rst partition st\n-00008480: 6172 7473 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3130 arts at least 10\n-00008490: 3030 204b 6942 2028 3230 3030 2073 6563 00 KiB (2000 sec\n-000084a0: 746f 7273 290a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 tors).from the s\n-000084b0: 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b tart of the disk\n-000084c0: 3b20 6f6e 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 6469 736b ; on modern disk\n-000084d0: 732c 2069 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2061 s, it is often a\n-000084e0: 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 0a61 6476 performance.adv\n-000084f0: 616e 7461 6765 2074 6f20 616c 6967 6e20 antage to align \n-00008500: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 6c61 partitions on la\n-00008510: 7267 6572 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 6965 7320 rger boundaries \n-00008520: 616e 7977 6179 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 anyway, so the f\n-00008530: 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d irst.partition m\n-00008540: 6967 6874 2073 7461 7274 2031 204d 6942 ight start 1 MiB\n-00008550: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 from the start \n-00008560: 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 4750 of the disk...GP\n-00008570: 540a 3d3d 3d0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 6e65 7765 T.===..Some newe\n-00008580: 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 7573 6520 7468 r systems use th\n-00008590: 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e e GUID Partition\n-000085a0: 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2066 6f72 Table (GPT) for\n-000085b0: 6d61 742e 2020 5468 6973 2077 6173 0a73 mat. This was.s\n-000085c0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 pecified as part\n-000085d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e73 6962 of the Extensib\n-000085e0: 6c65 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 496e 7465 le Firmware Inte\n-000085f0: 7266 6163 6520 2845 4649 292c 2062 7574 rface (EFI), but\n-00008600: 2069 7420 6361 6e0a 616c 736f 2062 6520 it can.also be \n-00008610: 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 used on BIOS pla\n-00008620: 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 7379 7374 656d tforms if system\n-00008630: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 software suppor\n-00008640: 7473 2069 743b 2066 6f72 0a65 7861 6d70 ts it; for.examp\n-00008650: 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2047 4e55 le, GRUB and GNU\n-00008660: 2f4c 696e 7578 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 /Linux can be us\n-00008670: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 ed in this confi\n-00008680: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2057 6974 680a guration. 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GRUB can the\n-00008700: 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e n be embedded in\n-00008710: 746f 2074 6861 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f to that.partitio\n-00008720: 6e20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 7269 n without the ri\n-00008730: 736b 206f 6620 6265 696e 6720 6f76 6572 sk of being over\n-00008740: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6279 206f 7468 6572 written by other\n-00008750: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e 640a 7769 software and.wi\n-00008760: 7468 6f75 7420 6265 696e 6720 636f 6e74 thout being cont\n-00008770: 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2061 2066 696c 6573 ained in a files\n-00008780: 7973 7465 6d20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 ystem which migh\n-00008790: 7420 6d6f 7665 2069 7473 2062 6c6f 636b t move its block\n-000087a0: 730a 6172 6f75 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 s.around... Wh\n-000087b0: 656e 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 4249 en creating a BI\n-000087c0: 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f OS Boot Partitio\n-000087d0: 6e20 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 2073 7973 7465 n on a GPT syste\n-000087e0: 6d2c 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6d61 m, you should ma\n-000087f0: 6b65 0a73 7572 6520 7468 6174 2069 7420 ke.sure that it \n-00008800: 6973 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3331 204b is at least 31 K\n-00008810: 6942 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 2028 4750 iB in size. (GP\n-00008820: 542d 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b T-formatted disk\n-00008830: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 7573 7561 6c6c s are not.usuall\n-00008840: 7920 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2073 y particularly s\n-00008850: 6d61 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 6520 7265 636f mall, so we reco\n-00008860: 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206d mmend that you m\n-00008870: 616b 6520 6974 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 ake it larger th\n-00008880: 616e 0a74 6865 2062 6172 6520 6d69 6e69 an.the bare mini\n-00008890: 6d75 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2031 204d mum, such as 1 M\n-000088a0: 6942 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 6c65 iB, to allow ple\n-000088b0: 6e74 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f 6d20 666f 7220 nty of room for \n-000088c0: 6772 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 6f75 206d 7573 growth.).You mus\n-000088d0: 7420 616c 736f 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 t also make sure\n-000088e0: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2068 6173 2074 6865 that it has the\n-000088f0: 2070 726f 7065 7220 7061 7274 6974 696f proper partitio\n-00008900: 6e20 7479 7065 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 0a47 n type. Using.G\n-00008910: 4e55 2050 6172 7465 642c 2079 6f75 2063 NU Parted, you c\n-00008920: 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 7573 696e an set this usin\n-00008930: 6720 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7375 6368 g a command such\n-00008940: 2061 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e as the followin\n-00008950: 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2070 6172 7465 g:.. # parte\n-00008960: 6420 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 4b20 7365 7420 d /dev/DISK set \n-00008970: 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e2d 4e55 4d42 4552 PARTITION-NUMBER\n-00008980: 2062 696f 735f 6772 7562 206f 6e0a 0a20 bios_grub on.. \n-00008990: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2075 7369 If you are usi\n-000089a0: 6e67 2067 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 7468 ng gdisk, set th\n-000089b0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 e partition type\n-000089c0: 2074 6f20 e280 9830 7845 4630 32e2 8099 to ...0xEF02...\n-000089d0: 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7061 7274 6974 696f . With.partitio\n-000089e0: 6e69 6e67 2070 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 ning programs th\n-000089f0: 6174 2072 6571 7569 7265 2073 6574 7469 at require setti\n-00008a00: 6e67 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 6469 7265 ng the GUID dire\n-00008a10: 6374 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 686f 756c 640a ctly, it should.\n-00008a20: 6265 20e2 8098 3231 3638 3631 3438 2d36 be ...21686148-6\n-00008a30: 3434 392d 3665 3666 2d37 3434 6536 3536 449-6e6f-744e656\n-00008a40: 3536 3434 3534 3634 39e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 564454649...... \n-00008a50: 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2042 6520 *Caution:* Be \n-00008a60: 7665 7279 2063 6172 6566 756c 2077 6869 very careful whi\n-00008a70: 6368 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 ch partition you\n-00008a80: 2073 656c 6563 7421 2020 5768 656e 2047 select! When G\n-00008a90: 5255 420a 6669 6e64 7320 6120 4249 4f53 RUB.finds a BIOS\n-00008aa0: 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 Boot Partition \n-00008ab0: 6475 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 during installat\n-00008ac0: 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 ion, it will aut\n-00008ad0: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 0a6f 7665 7277 omatically.overw\n-00008ae0: 7269 7465 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2069 742e rite part of it.\n-00008af0: 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 Make sure that\n-00008b00: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2064 the partition d\n-00008b10: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 oes not contain \n-00008b20: 616e 790a 6f74 6865 7220 6461 7461 2e0a any.other data..\n-00008b30: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00008b40: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f 7469 fo, Node: Booti\n-00008b50: 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6e 6669 ng, Next: Confi\n-00008b60: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a guration, Prev:\n-00008b70: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 Installation, \n-00008b80: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 2042 6f6f 7469 Up: Top..5 Booti\n-00008b90: 6e67 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 ng.*********..GR\n-00008ba0: 5542 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 4d75 6c74 UB can load Mult\n-00008bb0: 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 iboot-compliant \n-00008bc0: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2061 2063 6f6e kernels in a con\n-00008bd0: 7369 7374 656e 7420 7761 792c 2062 7574 sistent way, but\n-00008be0: 2066 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 6672 6565 206f for.some free o\n-00008bf0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-00008c00: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 you need to use\n-00008c10: 2073 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 some OS-specifi\n-00008c20: 6320 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 c magic...* Menu\n-00008c30: 3a0a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f :..* General boo\n-00008c40: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 t methods:: \n-00008c50: 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 204f How to boot O\n-00008c60: 5365 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 6765 Ses with GRUB ge\n-00008c70: 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 4c6f 6f70 6261 nerally.* Loopba\n-00008c80: 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 ck booting:: \n-00008c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e Notes on\n-00008ca0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6c6f booting from lo\n-00008cb0: 6f70 6261 636b 730a 2a20 4c56 4d20 6361 opbacks.* LVM ca\n-00008cc0: 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 che booting:: \n-00008cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e Notes on\n-00008ce0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 booting from LV\n-00008cf0: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n-00008d00: 766f 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f 532d 7370 6563 volume.* OS-spec\n-00008d10: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 ific notes:: \n-00008d20: 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f 6e20 Notes on \n-00008d30: 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 some operating s\n-00008d40: 7973 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ystems....File: \n-00008d50: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00008d60: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d : General boot m\n-00008d70: 6574 686f 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c ethods, Next: L\n-00008d80: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c oopback booting,\n-00008d90: 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 Up: Booting..5\n-00008da0: 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f .1 How to boot o\n-00008db0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-00008dc0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000072b0: 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 ==..If the devic\n+000072c0: 6520 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 2065 7869 7374 e map file exist\n+000072d0: 732c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c s, the GRUB util\n+000072e0: 6974 6965 7320 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 ities (...grub-p\n+000072f0: 726f 6265 e280 992c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 robe..., etc.).r\n+00007300: 6561 6420 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 ead it to map BI\n+00007310: 4f53 2064 7269 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 OS drives to OS \n+00007320: 6465 7669 6365 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 devices. This f\n+00007330: 696c 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 ile consists of \n+00007340: 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a lines.like this:\n+00007350: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 .. (DEVICE) \n+00007360: 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 FILE.. DEVICE \n+00007370: 6973 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 is a drive speci\n+00007380: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 fied in the GRUB\n+00007390: 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 syntax (*note D\n+000073a0: 6576 6963 650a 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c evice.syntax::),\n+000073b0: 2061 6e64 2046 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 and FILE is an \n+000073c0: 4f53 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 OS file, which i\n+000073d0: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 s normally a dev\n+000073e0: 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 ice file... Hi\n+000073f0: 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 storically, the \n+00007400: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 device map file \n+00007410: 7761 7320 7573 6564 2062 6563 6175 7365 was used because\n+00007420: 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d GRUB device nam\n+00007430: 6573 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 es.had to be use\n+00007440: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 d in the configu\n+00007450: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 ration file, and\n+00007460: 2074 6865 7920 7765 7265 2064 6572 6976 they were deriv\n+00007470: 6564 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 7269 ed from.BIOS dri\n+00007480: 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e20 2054 6865 ve numbers. The\n+00007490: 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f map between BIO\n+000074a0: 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 S drives and OS \n+000074b0: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a61 devices cannot.a\n+000074c0: 6c77 6179 7320 6265 2067 7565 7373 6564 lways be guessed\n+000074d0: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 correctly: for \n+000074e0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 4220 7769 example, GRUB wi\n+000074f0: 6c6c 2067 6574 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 ll get the order\n+00007500: 2077 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6578 wrong.if you ex\n+00007510: 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 change the boot \n+00007520: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e sequence between\n+00007530: 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 4920 696e IDE and SCSI in\n+00007540: 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 your BIOS... \n+00007550: 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 Unfortunately, e\n+00007560: 7665 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 ven OS device na\n+00007570: 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 mes are not alwa\n+00007580: 7973 2073 7461 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 ys stable. Mode\n+00007590: 726e 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 rn.versions of t\n+000075a0: 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 he Linux kernel \n+000075b0: 6d61 7920 7072 6f62 6520 6472 6976 6573 may probe drives\n+000075c0: 2069 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 in a different \n+000075d0: 6f72 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 6f6f 7420 order from.boot \n+000075e0: 746f 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 to boot, and the\n+000075f0: 2070 7265 6669 7820 28e2 8098 2f64 6576 prefix (.../dev\n+00007600: 2f68 642a e280 9920 7665 7273 7573 20e2 /hd*... versus .\n+00007610: 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 642a e280 9929 206d ../dev/sd*...) m\n+00007620: 6179 2063 6861 6e67 650a 6465 7065 6e64 ay change.depend\n+00007630: 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 ing on the drive\n+00007640: 7220 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2075 r subsystem in u\n+00007650: 7365 2e20 2041 7320 6120 7265 7375 6c74 se. As a result\n+00007660: 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 , the device map\n+00007670: 0a66 696c 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2066 .file required f\n+00007680: 7265 7175 656e 7420 6564 6974 696e 6720 requent editing \n+00007690: 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e on some systems.\n+000076a0: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 6176 6f69 6473 .. GRUB avoids\n+000076b0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f this problem no\n+000076c0: 7761 6461 7973 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 wadays by using \n+000076d0: 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 UUIDs or file sy\n+000076e0: 7374 656d 0a6c 6162 656c 7320 7768 656e stem.labels when\n+000076f0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 e280 9867 generating ...g\n+00007700: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 rub.cfg..., and \n+00007710: 7765 2061 6476 6973 6520 7468 6174 2079 we advise that y\n+00007720: 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a66 ou do the same.f\n+00007730: 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 or any custom me\n+00007740: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2079 6f75 2077 nu entries you w\n+00007750: 7269 7465 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6465 rite. If the de\n+00007760: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 646f vice map file do\n+00007770: 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 7374 2c20 7468 es not.exist, th\n+00007780: 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c en the GRUB util\n+00007790: 6974 6965 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7373 756d ities will assum\n+000077a0: 6520 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 7920 6465 e a temporary de\n+000077b0: 7669 6365 206d 6170 206f 6e20 7468 650a vice map on the.\n+000077c0: 666c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6f66 fly. This is of\n+000077d0: 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 6e6f 7567 682c ten good enough,\n+000077e0: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 696e particularly in\n+000077f0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 6361 7365 the common case\n+00007800: 206f 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 of.single-disk \n+00007810: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 systems... How\n+00007820: 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 ever, the device\n+00007830: 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 6973 206e 6f74 map file is not\n+00007840: 2065 6e74 6972 656c 7920 6f62 736f 6c65 entirely obsole\n+00007850: 7465 2079 6574 2c20 616e 6420 6974 2069 te yet, and it i\n+00007860: 730a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 206f 7665 7272 s.used for overr\n+00007870: 6964 696e 6720 7768 656e 2063 7572 7265 iding when curre\n+00007880: 6e74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2069 nt environment i\n+00007890: 7320 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6672 6f6d s different from\n+000078a0: 2074 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f 6e20 626f 6f74 the one.on boot\n+000078b0: 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 636f 6d6d 6f6e 2063 . Most common c\n+000078c0: 6173 6520 6973 2069 6620 796f 7520 7573 ase is if you us\n+000078d0: 6520 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 e a partition or\n+000078e0: 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 650a logical volume.\n+000078f0: 6173 2061 2064 6973 6b20 666f 7220 7669 as a disk for vi\n+00007900: 7274 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 652e 2020 rtual machine. \n+00007910: 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7075 7420 616e 7920 You can put any \n+00007920: 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 comments in the \n+00007930: 6669 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 file if.needed, \n+00007940: 6173 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c as the GRUB util\n+00007950: 6974 6965 7320 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 ities assume tha\n+00007960: 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 6a75 7374 t a line is just\n+00007970: 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 660a 7468 a comment if.th\n+00007980: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 e first characte\n+00007990: 7220 6973 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f r is ...#.......\n+000079a0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000079b0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e , Node: BIOS in\n+000079c0: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 stallation, Pre\n+000079d0: 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 v: Device map, \n+000079e0: 5570 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e Up: Installation\n+000079f0: 0a0a 342e 3420 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 ..4.4 BIOS insta\n+00007a00: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d llation.========\n+00007a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d =============..M\n+00007a20: 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 7274 BR.===..The part\n+00007a30: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d ition table form\n+00007a40: 6174 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 at traditionally\n+00007a50: 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 used on PC BIOS\n+00007a60: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 730a 6361 platforms is.ca\n+00007a70: 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 204d 6173 7465 7220 lled the Master \n+00007a80: 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 Boot Record (MBR\n+00007a90: 2920 666f 726d 6174 3b20 7468 6973 2069 ) format; this i\n+00007aa0: 7320 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 6861 s the format tha\n+00007ab0: 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 746f 2066 t.allows up to f\n+00007ac0: 6f75 7220 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 7274 our primary part\n+00007ad0: 6974 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 6464 6974 itions and addit\n+00007ae0: 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 7061 ional logical pa\n+00007af0: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 rtitions..With t\n+00007b00: 6869 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 his partition ta\n+00007b10: 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7468 6572 ble format, ther\n+00007b20: 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 e are two ways t\n+00007b30: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 o install GRUB: \n+00007b40: 6974 0a63 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 it.can be embedd\n+00007b50: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6172 6561 2062 ed in the area b\n+00007b60: 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 204d 4252 2061 etween the MBR a\n+00007b70: 6e64 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 nd the first par\n+00007b80: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 tition.(called b\n+00007b90: 7920 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 732c y various names,\n+00007ba0: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2022 626f such as the \"bo\n+00007bb0: 6f74 2074 7261 636b 222c 2022 4d42 5220 ot track\", \"MBR \n+00007bc0: 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 6464 gap\", or.\"embedd\n+00007bd0: 696e 6720 6172 6561 222c 2061 6e64 2077 ing area\", and w\n+00007be0: 6869 6368 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 hich is usually \n+00007bf0: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 at least 1000 Ki\n+00007c00: 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a B), or the core.\n+00007c10: 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 image can be ins\n+00007c20: 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 talled in a file\n+00007c30: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 6120 6c69 system and a li\n+00007c40: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 st of the blocks\n+00007c50: 2074 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 7570 that.make it up\n+00007c60: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7374 6f72 6564 2069 can be stored i\n+00007c70: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 n the first sect\n+00007c80: 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6174 2070 6172 7469 or of that parti\n+00007c90: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 726e tion... Modern\n+00007ca0: 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c tools usually l\n+00007cb0: 6561 7665 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 eave MBR gap of \n+00007cc0: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3032 3320 4b69 at least 1023 Ki\n+00007cd0: 422e 2054 6869 7320 616d 6f75 6e74 0a69 B. This amount.i\n+00007ce0: 7320 7375 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2074 6f20 s sufficient to \n+00007cf0: 636f 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6e 6669 cover most confi\n+00007d00: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4865 6e63 gurations. Henc\n+00007d10: 6520 7468 6973 2076 616c 7565 2069 730a e this value is.\n+00007d20: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6279 2074 recommended by t\n+00007d30: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2e0a 0a20 he GRUB team... \n+00007d40: 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 206d Historically m\n+00007d50: 616e 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 6674 206f any tools left o\n+00007d60: 6e6c 7920 3331 204b 6942 206f 6620 7370 nly 31 KiB of sp\n+00007d70: 6163 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f ace. This is no\n+00007d80: 740a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 7061 7273 t.enough to pars\n+00007d90: 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 6966 6669 e reliably diffi\n+00007da0: 6375 6c74 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 cult structures \n+00007db0: 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 6673 2c20 5a46 532c like Btrfs, ZFS,\n+00007dc0: 2052 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 RAID or.LVM, or\n+00007dd0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6469 6666 6963 756c to use difficul\n+00007de0: 7420 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d65 t disk access me\n+00007df0: 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 6863 692e thods like ahci.\n+00007e00: 2020 4865 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c Hence GRUB wil\n+00007e10: 6c0a 7761 726e 2069 6620 6174 7465 6d70 l.warn if attemp\n+00007e20: 7465 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 ted to install i\n+00007e30: 6e74 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 5220 6761 nto small MBR ga\n+00007e40: 7020 6578 6365 7074 2069 6e20 6120 736d p except in a sm\n+00007e50: 616c 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f 6620 636f all number.of co\n+00007e60: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6861 nfigurations tha\n+00007e70: 7420 7765 7265 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 t were grandfath\n+00007e80: 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2067 7261 6e64 ered. The grand\n+00007e90: 6661 7468 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 670a fathered config.\n+00007ea0: 6d75 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7573 must:.. ... us\n+00007eb0: 6520 6269 6f73 6469 736b 2061 7320 6469 e biosdisk as di\n+00007ec0: 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 sk access module\n+00007ed0: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 for .../boot...\n+00007ee0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206e 6f74 2075 7365 .. ... not use\n+00007ef0: 2061 6e79 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 any additional \n+00007f00: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7073 2074 partition maps t\n+00007f10: 6f20 6163 6365 7373 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f o access .../boo\n+00007f20: 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 t..... ... ...\n+00007f30: 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 /boot... must be\n+00007f40: 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 2066 6f6c 6c6f on one of follo\n+00007f50: 7769 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 wing filesystems\n+00007f60: 3a20 4146 4653 2c20 4146 532c 2042 4653 : AFFS, AFS, BFS\n+00007f70: 2c0a 2020 2020 2063 7069 6f2c 206e 6577 ,. cpio, new\n+00007f80: 632c 206f 6463 2c20 6578 7432 2f33 2f34 c, odc, ext2/3/4\n+00007f90: 2c20 4641 542c 2065 7846 4154 2c20 4632 , FAT, exFAT, F2\n+00007fa0: 4653 2c20 4846 532c 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 FS, HFS, uncompr\n+00007fb0: 6573 7365 640a 2020 2020 2048 4653 2b2c essed. 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MBR\n+00008030: 2067 6170 2068 6173 2066 6577 2074 6563 gap has few tec\n+00008040: 686e 6963 616c 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e hnical problems.\n+00008050: 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7761 There is no wa\n+00008060: 7920 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 2073 7061 y to reserve spa\n+00008070: 6365 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 ce.in the embedd\n+00008080: 696e 6720 6172 6561 2077 6974 6820 636f ing area with co\n+00008090: 6d70 6c65 7465 2073 6166 6574 792c 2061 mplete safety, a\n+000080a0: 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 7072 6f70 7269 6574 nd some propriet\n+000080b0: 6172 790a 736f 6674 7761 7265 2069 7320 ary.software is \n+000080c0: 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2075 7365 2069 7420 known to use it \n+000080d0: 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 2064 6966 6669 to make it diffi\n+000080e0: 6375 6c74 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7273 2074 cult for users t\n+000080f0: 6f20 776f 726b 0a61 726f 756e 6420 6c69 o work.around li\n+00008100: 6365 6e73 696e 6720 7265 7374 7269 6374 censing restrict\n+00008110: 696f 6e73 2e20 2047 5255 4220 776f 726b ions. GRUB work\n+00008120: 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7420 6279 2064 s around it by d\n+00008130: 6574 6563 7469 6e67 0a73 6563 746f 7273 etecting.sectors\n+00008140: 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 736f 6674 7761 by other softwa\n+00008150: 7265 2061 6e64 2061 766f 6964 696e 6720 re and avoiding \n+00008160: 7468 656d 2061 6e64 2070 726f 7465 6374 them and protect\n+00008170: 696e 6720 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 7365 6374 ing its own.sect\n+00008180: 6f72 7320 7573 696e 6720 5265 6564 2d53 ors using Reed-S\n+00008190: 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 672e olomon encoding.\n+000081a0: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2072 .. GRUB team r\n+000081b0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 7320 6861 7669 6e67 ecommends having\n+000081c0: 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c MBR gap of at l\n+000081d0: 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 422e 0a0a east 1000 KiB...\n+000081e0: 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 6974 206e 6f74 Should it not\n+000081f0: 2062 6520 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 4752 be possible, GR\n+00008200: 5542 2068 6173 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 UB has support f\n+00008210: 6f72 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 736f or a fallback so\n+00008220: 6c75 7469 6f6e 0a77 6869 6368 2069 7320 lution.which is \n+00008230: 6865 6176 696c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e heavily recommen\n+00008240: 6465 6420 6167 6169 6e73 742e 2020 496e ded against. In\n+00008250: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6669 stalling to a fi\n+00008260: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6561 6e73 0a74 lesystem means.t\n+00008270: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2069 7320 7675 6c6e hat GRUB is vuln\n+00008280: 6572 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6974 7320 626c erable to its bl\n+00008290: 6f63 6b73 2062 6569 6e67 206d 6f76 6564 ocks being moved\n+000082a0: 2061 726f 756e 6420 6279 2066 696c 6573 around by files\n+000082b0: 7973 7465 6d0a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2073 ystem.features s\n+000082c0: 7563 6820 6173 2074 6169 6c20 7061 636b uch as tail pack\n+000082d0: 696e 672c 206f 7220 6576 656e 2062 7920 ing, or even by \n+000082e0: 6167 6772 6573 7369 7665 2066 7363 6b0a aggressive fsck.\n+000082f0: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732c implementations,\n+00008300: 2073 6f20 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 so this approac\n+00008310: 6820 6973 2071 7569 7465 2066 7261 6769 h is quite fragi\n+00008320: 6c65 3b20 616e 6420 7468 6973 2061 7070 le; and this app\n+00008330: 726f 6163 680a 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 roach.can only b\n+00008340: 6520 7573 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 e280 e used if the ..\n+00008350: 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6669 6c65 7379 ./boot... filesy\n+00008360: 7374 656d 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 stem is on the s\n+00008370: 616d 6520 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 7468 ame disk that th\n+00008380: 650a 4249 4f53 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f e.BIOS boots fro\n+00008390: 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 m, so that GRUB \n+000083a0: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 746f does not have to\n+000083b0: 2072 656c 7920 6f6e 2067 7565 7373 696e rely on guessin\n+000083c0: 6720 4249 4f53 0a64 7269 7665 206e 756d g BIOS.drive num\n+000083d0: 6265 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4752 bers... The GR\n+000083e0: 5542 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 UB development t\n+000083f0: 6561 6d20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7265 eam generally re\n+00008400: 636f 6d6d 656e 6473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 commends embeddi\n+00008410: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 ng GRUB before.t\n+00008420: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+00008430: 6f6e 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 2068 on, unless you h\n+00008440: 6176 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7265 7175 ave special requ\n+00008450: 6972 656d 656e 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 206d irements. You m\n+00008460: 7573 740a 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 ust.ensure that \n+00008470: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 the first partit\n+00008480: 696f 6e20 7374 6172 7473 2061 7420 6c65 ion starts at le\n+00008490: 6173 7420 3130 3030 204b 6942 2028 3230 ast 1000 KiB (20\n+000084a0: 3030 2073 6563 746f 7273 290a 6672 6f6d 00 sectors).from\n+000084b0: 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 the start of th\n+000084c0: 6520 6469 736b 3b20 6f6e 206d 6f64 6572 e disk; on moder\n+000084d0: 6e20 6469 736b 732c 2069 7420 6973 206f n disks, it is o\n+000084e0: 6674 656e 2061 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e ften a performan\n+000084f0: 6365 0a61 6476 616e 7461 6765 2074 6f20 ce.advantage to \n+00008500: 616c 6967 6e20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 align partitions\n+00008510: 206f 6e20 6c61 7267 6572 2062 6f75 6e64 on larger bound\n+00008520: 6172 6965 7320 616e 7977 6179 2c20 736f aries anyway, so\n+00008530: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 the first.parti\n+00008540: 7469 6f6e 206d 6967 6874 2073 7461 7274 tion might start\n+00008550: 2031 204d 6942 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 1 MiB from the \n+00008560: 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 start of the dis\n+00008570: 6b2e 0a0a 4750 540a 3d3d 3d0a 0a53 6f6d k...GPT.===..Som\n+00008580: 6520 6e65 7765 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 e newer systems \n+00008590: 7573 6520 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 use the GUID Par\n+000085a0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 tition Table (GP\n+000085b0: 5429 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 5468 6973 T) format. This\n+000085c0: 2077 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 was.specified a\n+000085d0: 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 4578 s part of the Ex\n+000085e0: 7465 6e73 6962 6c65 2046 6972 6d77 6172 tensible Firmwar\n+000085f0: 6520 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 2845 4649 e Interface (EFI\n+00008600: 292c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e0a 616c ), but it can.al\n+00008610: 736f 2062 6520 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4249 so be used on BI\n+00008620: 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 OS platforms if \n+00008630: 7379 7374 656d 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 system software \n+00008640: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2069 743b 2066 6f72 supports it; for\n+00008650: 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2061 .example, GRUB a\n+00008660: 6e64 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2063 616e nd GNU/Linux can\n+00008670: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6973 be used in this\n+00008680: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 configuration. \n+00008690: 2057 6974 680a 7468 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 With.this forma\n+000086a0: 742c 2069 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c t, it is possibl\n+000086b0: 6520 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 2061 2077 e to reserve a w\n+000086c0: 686f 6c65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 hole partition f\n+000086d0: 6f72 2047 5255 422c 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 or GRUB,.called \n+000086e0: 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 the BIOS Boot Pa\n+000086f0: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4752 5542 2063 rtition. GRUB c\n+00008700: 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 an then be embed\n+00008710: 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 6861 740a 7061 ded into that.pa\n+00008720: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 rtition without \n+00008730: 7468 6520 7269 736b 206f 6620 6265 696e the risk of bein\n+00008740: 6720 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6279 g overwritten by\n+00008750: 206f 7468 6572 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 other software \n+00008760: 616e 640a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6265 696e and.without bein\n+00008770: 6720 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2061 g contained in a\n+00008780: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7768 6963 filesystem whic\n+00008790: 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6d6f 7665 2069 7473 h might move its\n+000087a0: 2062 6c6f 636b 730a 6172 6f75 6e64 2e0a blocks.around..\n+000087b0: 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 7265 6174 696e . When creatin\n+000087c0: 6720 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 g a BIOS Boot Pa\n+000087d0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 rtition on a GPT\n+000087e0: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2079 6f75 2073 686f system, you sho\n+000087f0: 756c 6420 6d61 6b65 0a73 7572 6520 7468 uld make.sure th\n+00008800: 6174 2069 7420 6973 2061 7420 6c65 6173 at it is at leas\n+00008810: 7420 3331 204b 6942 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 t 31 KiB in size\n+00008820: 2e20 2028 4750 542d 666f 726d 6174 7465 . (GPT-formatte\n+00008830: 6420 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a d disks are not.\n+00008840: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 7061 7274 6963 756c usually particul\n+00008850: 6172 6c79 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 arly small, so w\n+00008860: 6520 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 e recommend that\n+00008870: 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 6974 206c 6172 you make it lar\n+00008880: 6765 7220 7468 616e 0a74 6865 2062 6172 ger than.the bar\n+00008890: 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 e minimum, such \n+000088a0: 6173 2031 204d 6942 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c as 1 MiB, to all\n+000088b0: 6f77 2070 6c65 6e74 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f ow plenty of roo\n+000088c0: 6d20 666f 7220 6772 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 m for growth.).Y\n+000088d0: 6f75 206d 7573 7420 616c 736f 206d 616b ou must also mak\n+000088e0: 6520 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 6974 2068 e sure that it h\n+000088f0: 6173 2074 6865 2070 726f 7065 7220 7061 as the proper pa\n+00008900: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2e20 2055 rtition type. U\n+00008910: 7369 6e67 0a47 4e55 2050 6172 7465 642c sing.GNU Parted,\n+00008920: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 you can set thi\n+00008930: 7320 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f 6d6d 616e s using a comman\n+00008940: 6420 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 666f d such as the fo\n+00008950: 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 llowing:.. #\n+00008960: 2070 6172 7465 6420 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 parted /dev/DIS\n+00008970: 4b20 7365 7420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e2d K set PARTITION-\n+00008980: 4e55 4d42 4552 2062 696f 735f 6772 7562 NUMBER bios_grub\n+00008990: 206f 6e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 on.. If you a\n+000089a0: 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2067 6469 736b 2c20 re using gdisk, \n+000089b0: 7365 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f set the partitio\n+000089c0: 6e20 7479 7065 2074 6f20 e280 9830 7845 n type to ...0xE\n+000089d0: 4630 32e2 8099 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7061 F02.... With.pa\n+000089e0: 7274 6974 696f 6e69 6e67 2070 726f 6772 rtitioning progr\n+000089f0: 616d 7320 7468 6174 2072 6571 7569 7265 ams that require\n+00008a00: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2047 5549 setting the GUI\n+00008a10: 4420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 D directly, it s\n+00008a20: 686f 756c 640a 6265 20e2 8098 3231 3638 hould.be ...2168\n+00008a30: 3631 3438 2d36 3434 392d 3665 3666 2d37 6148-6449-6e6f-7\n+00008a40: 3434 6536 3536 3536 3434 3534 3634 39e2 44e656564454649.\n+00008a50: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e ..... *Caution\n+00008a60: 3a2a 2042 6520 7665 7279 2063 6172 6566 :* Be very caref\n+00008a70: 756c 2077 6869 6368 2070 6172 7469 7469 ul which partiti\n+00008a80: 6f6e 2079 6f75 2073 656c 6563 7421 2020 on you select! \n+00008a90: 5768 656e 2047 5255 420a 6669 6e64 7320 When GRUB.finds \n+00008aa0: 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 a BIOS Boot Part\n+00008ab0: 6974 696f 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 ition during ins\n+00008ac0: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 tallation, it wi\n+00008ad0: 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 ll automatically\n+00008ae0: 0a6f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2070 6172 7420 .overwrite part \n+00008af0: 6f66 2069 742e 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 of it. Make sur\n+00008b00: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 e that the parti\n+00008b10: 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f tion does not co\n+00008b20: 6e74 6169 6e20 616e 790a 6f74 6865 7220 ntain any.other \n+00008b30: 6461 7461 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 data.....File: g\n+00008b40: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00008b50: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a Booting, Next:\n+00008b60: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 Configuration, \n+00008b70: 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 Prev: Installat\n+00008b80: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 ion, Up: Top..5\n+00008b90: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Booting.*******\n+00008ba0: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 206c 6f61 **..GRUB can loa\n+00008bb0: 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 d Multiboot-comp\n+00008bc0: 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e liant kernels in\n+00008bd0: 2061 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 7420 7761 a consistent wa\n+00008be0: 792c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 y, but for.some \n+00008bf0: 6672 6565 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 free operating s\n+00008c00: 7973 7465 6d73 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 ystems you need \n+00008c10: 746f 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 to use some OS-s\n+00008c20: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a pecific magic...\n+00008c30: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 * Menu:..* Gener\n+00008c40: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 733a al boot methods:\n+00008c50: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 : How to \n+00008c60: 626f 6f74 204f 5365 7320 7769 7468 2047 boot OSes with G\n+00008c70: 5255 4220 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 RUB generally.* \n+00008c80: 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 Loopback booting\n+00008c90: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f :: No\n+00008ca0: 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 tes on booting f\n+00008cb0: 726f 6d20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 730a 2a20 rom loopbacks.* \n+00008cc0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e LVM cache bootin\n+00008cd0: 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f g:: No\n+00008ce0: 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 tes on booting f\n+00008cf0: 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f rom LVM cache lo\n+00008d00: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f gical volume.* O\n+00008d10: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n+00008d20: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 :: Not\n+00008d30: 6573 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 es on some opera\n+00008d40: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a ting systems....\n+00008d50: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00008d60: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 Node: General \n+00008d70: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 204e boot methods, N\n+00008d80: 6578 743a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f ext: Loopback bo\n+00008d90: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 oting, Up: Boot\n+00008da0: 696e 670a 0a35 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 ing..5.1 How to \n+00008db0: 626f 6f74 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 boot operating s\n+00008dc0: 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ystems.=========\n 00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00008de0: 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 6173 2074 6872 ==..GRUB has thr\n-00008df0: 6565 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 626f 6f74 ee distinct boot\n-00008e00: 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a20 6c6f 6164 696e methods: loadin\n-00008e10: 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 g an operating s\n-00008e20: 7973 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 ystem.directly, \n-00008e30: 7573 696e 6720 6b65 7865 6320 6672 6f6d using kexec from\n-00008e40: 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2c20 616e 6420 userspace, and \n-00008e50: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f chainloading ano\n-00008e60: 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 722e ther.bootloader.\n-00008e70: 2020 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7370 6561 Generally spea\n-00008e80: 6b69 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 king, the first \n-00008e90: 7477 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6573 two are more des\n-00008ea0: 6972 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 6175 7365 2079 irable.because y\n-00008eb0: 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 6420 746f ou don't need to\n-00008ec0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 696e install or main\n-00008ed0: 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 tain other boot \n-00008ee0: 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e 640a 4752 5542 loaders and.GRUB\n-00008ef0: 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2065 6e6f is flexible eno\n-00008f00: 7567 6820 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f ugh to load an o\n-00008f10: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n-00008f20: 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 from an arbitrar\n-00008f30: 790a 6469 736b 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e y.disk/partition\n-00008f40: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6368 6169 . However, chai\n-00008f50: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 7320 736f 6d65 nloading is some\n-00008f60: 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 times required, \n-00008f70: 6173 2047 5255 420a 646f 6573 6e27 7420 as GRUB.doesn't \n-00008f80: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 6578 6973 support all exis\n-00008f90: 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 ting operating s\n-00008fa0: 7973 7465 6d73 206e 6174 6976 656c 792e ystems natively.\n-00008fb0: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204c 6f61 ..* Menu:..* Loa\n-00008fc0: 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e ding an operatin\n-00008fd0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c g system directl\n-00008fe0: 793a 3a0a 2a20 4b65 7865 633a 3a0a 2a20 y::.* Kexec::.* \n-00008ff0: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a0a Chain-loading::.\n-00009000: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00009010: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6469 fo, Node: Loadi\n-00009020: 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 ng an operating \n-00009030: 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c system directly,\n-00009040: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 Next: Kexec, \n-00009050: 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 Up: General boot\n-00009060: 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a 352e 312e 3120 methods..5.1.1 \n-00009070: 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 204f How to boot an O\n-00009080: 5320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6820 S directly with \n-00009090: 4752 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d GRUB.-----------\n+00008de0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 ========..GRUB h\n+00008df0: 6173 2074 6872 6565 2064 6973 7469 6e63 as three distinc\n+00008e00: 7420 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a20 t boot methods: \n+00008e10: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 loading an opera\n+00008e20: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 ting system.dire\n+00008e30: 6374 6c79 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6b65 7865 ctly, using kexe\n+00008e40: 6320 6672 6f6d 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 c from userspace\n+00008e50: 2c20 616e 6420 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 , and chainloadi\n+00008e60: 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c ng another.bootl\n+00008e70: 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c oader. Generall\n+00008e80: 7920 7370 6561 6b69 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 y speaking, the \n+00008e90: 6669 7273 7420 7477 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f first two are mo\n+00008ea0: 7265 2064 6573 6972 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 re desirable.bec\n+00008eb0: 6175 7365 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e ause you don't n\n+00008ec0: 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f eed to install o\n+00008ed0: 7220 6d61 696e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 r maintain other\n+00008ee0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e boot loaders an\n+00008ef0: 640a 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 d.GRUB is flexib\n+00008f00: 6c65 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 746f 206c 6f61 le enough to loa\n+00008f10: 6420 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 d an operating s\n+00008f20: 7973 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 ystem from an ar\n+00008f30: 6269 7472 6172 790a 6469 736b 2f70 6172 bitrary.disk/par\n+00008f40: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 tition. However\n+00008f50: 2c20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 , chainloading i\n+00008f60: 7320 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 s sometimes requ\n+00008f70: 6972 6564 2c20 6173 2047 5255 420a 646f ired, as GRUB.do\n+00008f80: 6573 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c esn't support al\n+00008f90: 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 l existing opera\n+00008fa0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206e 6174 ting systems nat\n+00008fb0: 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ively...* Menu:.\n+00008fc0: 0a2a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 .* Loading an op\n+00008fd0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 erating system d\n+00008fe0: 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a0a 2a20 4b65 7865 irectly::.* Kexe\n+00008ff0: 633a 3a0a 2a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 c::.* Chain-load\n+00009000: 696e 673a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ing::....File: g\n+00009010: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00009020: 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 Loading an oper\n+00009030: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 ating system dir\n+00009040: 6563 746c 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4b65 ectly, Next: Ke\n+00009050: 7865 632c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 xec, Up: Genera\n+00009060: 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a l boot methods..\n+00009070: 352e 312e 3120 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 5.1.1 How to boo\n+00009080: 7420 616e 204f 5320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 t an OS directly\n+00009090: 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d with GRUB.-----\n 000090a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-000090c0: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2028 2a6e 6f74 .Multiboot (*not\n-000090d0: 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 e Multiboot Spec\n-000090e0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 ification: (mult\n-000090f0: 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 2920 6973 2074 iboot)Top.) is t\n-00009100: 6865 206e 6174 6976 650a 666f 726d 6174 he native.format\n-00009110: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 supported by GR\n-00009120: 5542 2e20 466f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 UB. For the sake\n-00009130: 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c of convenience,\n-00009140: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 0a73 there is also.s\n-00009150: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 204c 696e 7578 upport for Linux\n-00009160: 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 , FreeBSD, NetBS\n-00009170: 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 442e 2049 D and OpenBSD. I\n-00009180: 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f f you want to bo\n-00009190: 6f74 0a6f 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 ot.other operati\n-000091a0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 796f 7520 ng systems, you \n-000091b0: 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 746f 2063 6861 will have to cha\n-000091c0: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2028 2a6e in-load them (*n\n-000091d0: 6f74 650a 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e ote.Chain-loadin\n-000091e0: 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4649 584d 453a g::)... FIXME:\n-000091f0: 2074 6869 7320 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6973 this section is\n-00009200: 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 652e 0a0a 2020 incomplete... \n-00009210: 312e 2052 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 1. Run the comma\n-00009220: 6e64 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 282a nd ...boot... (*\n-00009230: 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 note boot::)... \n-00009240: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2044 4f53 2061 However, DOS a\n-00009250: 6e64 2057 696e 646f 7773 2068 6176 6520 nd Windows have \n-00009260: 736f 6d65 2064 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 some deficiencie\n-00009270: 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 s, so you might \n-00009280: 6861 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 have to.use more\n-00009290: 2063 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 6564 2069 6e73 complicated ins\n-000092a0: 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 tructions. *Not\n-000092b0: 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2c e DOS/Windows::,\n-000092c0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d for more.inform\n-000092d0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ation.....File: \n-000092e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000092f0: 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : Kexec, Next: \n-00009300: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 672c 2020 Chain-loading, \n-00009310: 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e Prev: Loading an\n-00009320: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00009330: 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 2055 703a m directly, Up:\n-00009340: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 General boot me\n-00009350: 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e32 204b 6578 thods..5.1.2 Kex\n-00009360: 6563 2077 6974 6820 6772 7562 322d 656d ec with grub2-em\n-00009370: 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d u.--------------\n-00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4752 ------------..GR\n-00009390: 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 7275 6e20 696e UB can be run in\n-000093a0: 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2062 7920 696e userspace by in\n-000093b0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 2067 7275 6232 voking the grub2\n-000093c0: 2d65 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e 2020 4974 2077 -emu tool. It w\n-000093d0: 696c 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e ill.read all con\n-000093e0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 6372 6970 figuration scrip\n-000093f0: 7473 2061 7320 6966 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 ts as if booting\n-00009400: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 2873 6565 202a directly (see *\n-00009410: 6e6f 7465 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 0a61 6e20 note Loading.an \n-00009420: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00009430: 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a29 2e20 2057 directly::). W\n-00009440: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 ith the ...--kex\n-00009450: 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2c20 616e 6420 ec... flag, and \n-00009460: 6b65 7865 6328 3829 0a73 7570 706f 7274 kexec(8).support\n-00009470: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 from the operat\n-00009480: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 6520 ing system, the \n-00009490: e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ...linux... comm\n-000094a0: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c and will directl\n-000094b0: 790a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 y.boot the targe\n-000094c0: 7420 696d 6167 652e 2020 466f 7220 7379 t image. For sy\n-000094d0: 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 206c 6163 6b20 stems that lack \n-000094e0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 6374 working systemct\n-000094f0: 6c28 3129 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 l(1).support for\n-00009500: 206b 6578 6563 2c20 7061 7373 696e 6720 kexec, passing \n-00009510: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 the ...--kexec..\n-00009520: 9920 666c 6167 2074 7769 6365 2077 696c . flag twice wil\n-00009530: 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 696e l fallback to.in\n-00009540: 766f 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 6563 2838 2920 voking kexec(8) \n-00009550: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 6e6f 7465 2068 directly; note h\n-00009560: 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 owever that this\n-00009570: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6d61 7920 6265 fallback may be\n-00009580: 0a75 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 .unsafe outside \n-00009590: 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 656e 7669 726f read-only enviro\n-000095a0: 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 6173 2069 7420 646f nments, as it do\n-000095b0: 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 6f6b 6520 7368 es not invoke sh\n-000095c0: 7574 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 6869 6e65 7279 utdown.machinery\n-000095d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000095e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6861 info, Node: Cha\n-000095f0: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 in-loading, Pre\n-00009600: 763a 204b 6578 6563 2c20 2055 703a 2047 v: Kexec, Up: G\n-00009610: 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 eneral boot meth\n-00009620: 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 2043 6861 696e ods..5.1.3 Chain\n-00009630: 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 4f53 0a2d -loading an OS.-\n-00009640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 6572 6174 --------..Operat\n-00009660: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 ing systems that\n-00009670: 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 do not support \n-00009680: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 646f Multiboot and do\n-00009690: 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6966 not have specif\n-000096a0: 6963 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2069 6e20 4752 ic.support in GR\n-000096b0: 5542 2028 7370 6563 6966 6963 2073 7570 UB (specific sup\n-000096c0: 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c port is availabl\n-000096d0: 6520 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 e for Linux, Fre\n-000096e0: 6542 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 eBSD,.NetBSD and\n-000096f0: 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2920 6d75 7374 2062 OpenBSD) must b\n-00009700: 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 e chain-loaded, \n-00009710: 7768 6963 6820 696e 766f 6c76 6573 206c which involves l\n-00009720: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 oading another.b\n-00009730: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 206a oot loader and j\n-00009740: 756d 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 6974 2069 6e20 umping to it in \n-00009750: 7265 616c 206d 6f64 6520 6f72 2076 6961 real mode or via\n-00009760: 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a0a the firmware...\n-00009770: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c The ...chainl\n-00009780: 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 oader... command\n-00009790: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 (*note chainloa\n-000097a0: 6465 723a 3a29 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 der::) is used t\n-000097b0: 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6973 0a75 702e 2020 o set this.up. \n-000097c0: 4974 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 It is normally a\n-000097d0: 6c73 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f lso necessary to\n-000097e0: 206c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 2047 5255 4220 load some GRUB \n-000097f0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7365 7420 modules and set \n-00009800: 7468 650a 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 the.appropriate \n-00009810: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5075 root device. Pu\n-00009820: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 tting this toget\n-00009830: 6865 722c 2077 6520 6765 7420 736f 6d65 her, we get some\n-00009840: 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 732c thing like.this,\n-00009850: 2066 6f72 2061 2057 696e 646f 7773 2073 for a Windows s\n-00009860: 7973 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 ystem on the fir\n-00009870: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 st partition of \n-00009880: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 0a64 the first hard.d\n-00009890: 6973 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 isk:..menuentry \n-000098a0: 2257 696e 646f 7773 2220 7b0a 0969 6e73 \"Windows\" {..ins\n-000098b0: 6d6f 6420 6368 6169 6e0a 0969 6e73 6d6f mod chain..insmo\n-000098c0: 6420 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 7420 726f 6f74 d ntfs..set root\n-000098d0: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a09 6368 6169 6e6c =(hd0,1)..chainl\n-000098e0: 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d 0a0a 2020 204f oader +1.}.. O\n-000098f0: 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 206d n systems with m\n-00009900: 756c 7469 706c 6520 6861 7264 2064 6973 ultiple hard dis\n-00009910: 6b73 2c20 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 ks, an additiona\n-00009920: 6c20 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 206d 6179 l workaround may\n-00009930: 2062 650a 7265 7175 6972 6564 2e20 202a be.required. *\n-00009940: 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 Note DOS/Windows\n-00009950: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f ::... Chain-lo\n-00009960: 6164 696e 6720 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 ading is only su\n-00009970: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 pported on PC BI\n-00009980: 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 OS and EFI platf\n-00009990: 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 orms.....File: g\n-000099a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000099b0: 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e Loopback bootin\n-000099c0: 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 g, Next: LVM ca\n-000099d0: 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 che booting, Pr\n-000099e0: 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 ev: General boot\n-000099f0: 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2042 methods, Up: B\n-00009a00: 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3220 4c6f 6f70 ooting..5.2 Loop\n-00009a10: 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a3d 3d3d back booting.===\n-00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00009a30: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6973 2061 626c 6520 =..GRUB is able \n-00009a40: 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 to read from an \n-00009a50: 696d 6167 6520 2862 6520 6974 206f 6e65 image (be it one\n-00009a60: 206f 6620 4344 206f 7220 4844 4429 2073 of CD or HDD) s\n-00009a70: 746f 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 tored on.any of \n-00009a80: 6974 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 its accessible s\n-00009a90: 746f 7261 6765 7320 2872 6566 6572 2074 torages (refer t\n-00009aa0: 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b o *note loopback\n-00009ab0: 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 292e 0a48 6f77 :: command)..How\n-00009ac0: 6576 6572 2074 6865 204f 5320 6974 7365 ever the OS itse\n-00009ad0: 6c66 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c lf should be abl\n-00009ae0: 6520 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 726f e to find its ro\n-00009af0: 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c ot. This usuall\n-00009b00: 790a 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2072 756e 6e69 y.involves runni\n-00009b10: 6e67 2061 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2070 ng a userspace p\n-00009b20: 726f 6772 616d 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2062 rogram running b\n-00009b30: 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7265 616c 2072 efore the real r\n-00009b40: 6f6f 7420 6973 0a64 6973 636f 7665 7265 oot is.discovere\n-00009b50: 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 d. This is achi\n-00009b60: 6576 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 206c 6f61 eved by GRUB loa\n-00009b70: 6469 6e67 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 6c79 ding a specially\n-00009b80: 206d 6164 6520 736d 616c 6c0a 696d 6167 made small.imag\n-00009b90: 6520 616e 6420 7061 7373 696e 6720 6974 e and passing it\n-00009ba0: 2061 7320 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 746f 2074 as ramdisk to t\n-00009bb0: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5468 6973 he kernel. This\n-00009bc0: 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 790a is achieved by.\n-00009bd0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 commands ...kfre\n-00009be0: 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 ebsd_module..., \n-00009bf0: e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c ...knetbsd_modul\n-00009c00: 655f 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6f70 e_elf..., ...kop\n-00009c10: 656e 6273 645f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 enbsd_ramdisk...\n-00009c20: 2c0a e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2028 ,....initrd... (\n-00009c30: 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c *note initrd::),\n-00009c40: 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 9920 ...initrd16... \n-00009c50: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a (*note initrd16:\n-00009c60: 3a29 2c0a e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 :),....multiboot\n-00009c70: 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d _module..., ...m\n-00009c80: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 325f 6d6f 6475 6c65 ultiboot2_module\n-00009c90: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 ... or ...xnu_ra\n-00009ca0: 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2064 6570 656e 6469 mdisk... dependi\n-00009cb0: 6e67 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 ng on.the loader\n-00009cc0: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2066 6f72 . Note that for\n-00009cd0: 206b 6e65 7462 7364 2074 6865 2069 6d61 knetbsd the ima\n-00009ce0: 6765 206d 7573 7420 6265 2070 7574 2069 ge must be put i\n-00009cf0: 6e73 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b nside.miniroot.k\n-00009d00: 6d6f 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 6f6c mod and the whol\n-00009d10: 6520 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 e miniroot.kmod \n-00009d20: 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 has to be loaded\n-00009d30: 2e20 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 0a70 . In kopenbsd.p\n-00009d40: 6179 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 7320 6973 2064 ayload this is d\n-00009d50: 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 isabled by defau\n-00009d60: 6c74 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c lt. Additionall\n-00009d70: 792c 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 y, behaviour of \n-00009d80: 696e 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 initial.ramdisk \n-00009d90: 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 depends on comma\n-00009da0: 6e64 206c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e nd line options.\n-00009db0: 2020 5365 7665 7261 6c20 6469 7374 7269 Several distri\n-00009dc0: 6275 746f 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 0a74 butors provide.t\n-00009dd0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2074 6869 he image for thi\n-00009de0: 7320 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6f72 2069 7427 s purpose or it'\n-00009df0: 7320 696e 7465 6772 6174 6564 2069 6e20 s integrated in \n-00009e00: 7468 6569 7220 7374 616e 6461 7264 2072 their standard r\n-00009e10: 616d 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 2061 6374 6976 amdisk.and activ\n-00009e20: 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6563 6961 6c20 ated by special \n-00009e30: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 option. Consult\n-00009e40: 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 your kernel and\n-00009e50: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e0a 6d61 distribution.ma\n-00009e60: 6e75 616c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 nual for more de\n-00009e70: 7461 696c 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6c6f tails. Other lo\n-00009e80: 6164 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6170 aders like ...ap\n-00009e90: 706c 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2c0a e280 pleloader...,...\n-00009ea0: 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 .chainloader... \n-00009eb0: 2842 494f 532c 2045 4649 2c20 636f 7265 (BIOS, EFI, core\n-00009ec0: 626f 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f boot), ...freedo\n-00009ed0: 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 s..., ...ntldr..\n-00009ee0: 992c 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 2061 ., ...plan9... a\n-00009ef0: 6e64 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 nd....truecrypt.\n-00009f00: 8099 2070 726f 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f .. provide no po\n-00009f10: 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 206c 6f61 ssibility of loa\n-00009f20: 6469 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d ding initial ram\n-00009f30: 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2061 7320 6661 720a disk and as far.\n-00009f40: 6173 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 as author is awa\n-00009f50: 7265 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 re the payloads \n-00009f60: 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 in question don'\n-00009f70: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 t support either\n-00009f80: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 616d 6469 736b initial.ramdisk\n-00009f90: 206f 7220 6469 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 or discovering \n-00009fa0: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7420 696e loopback boot in\n-00009fb0: 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 other way and a\n-00009fc0: 7320 7375 6368 206e 6f74 0a62 6f6f 7461 s such not.boota\n-00009fd0: 626c 6520 7468 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 ble this way. P\n-00009fe0: 6c65 6173 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 2061 lease consider a\n-00009ff0: 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 lternative boot \n-0000a000: 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 0a63 6f70 methods like.cop\n-0000a010: 7969 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 ying all files f\n-0000a020: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f rom the image to\n-0000a030: 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f actual partitio\n-0000a040: 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 n. Consult your\n-0000a050: 204f 530a 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f OS.documentatio\n-0000a060: 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 n for more detai\n-0000a070: 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ls.....File: gru\n-0000a080: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c b.info, Node: L\n-0000a090: 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 VM cache booting\n-0000a0a0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 , Next: OS-spec\n-0000a0b0: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 ific notes, Pre\n-0000a0c0: 763a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 v: Loopback boot\n-0000a0d0: 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e ing, Up: Bootin\n-0000a0e0: 670a 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 g..5.3 Booting f\n-0000a0f0: 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f rom LVM cache lo\n-0000a100: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a3d 3d3d gical volume.===\n-0000a110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000090c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 -----..Multiboot\n+000090d0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f (*note Multiboo\n+000090e0: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a t Specification:\n+000090f0: 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e (multiboot)Top.\n+00009100: 2920 6973 2074 6865 206e 6174 6976 650a ) is the native.\n+00009110: 666f 726d 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 format supported\n+00009120: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2e20 466f 7220 7468 by GRUB. For th\n+00009130: 6520 7361 6b65 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e e sake of conven\n+00009140: 6965 6e63 652c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 ience, there is \n+00009150: 616c 736f 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 also.support for\n+00009160: 204c 696e 7578 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c Linux, FreeBSD,\n+00009170: 204e 6574 4253 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e NetBSD and Open\n+00009180: 4253 442e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 BSD. If you want\n+00009190: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 0a6f 7468 6572 206f to boot.other o\n+000091a0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n+000091b0: 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 , you will have \n+000091c0: 746f 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 to chain-load th\n+000091d0: 656d 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 4368 6169 6e2d em (*note.Chain-\n+000091e0: 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 loading::)... \n+000091f0: 4649 584d 453a 2074 6869 7320 7365 6374 FIXME: this sect\n+00009200: 696f 6e20 6973 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 ion is incomplet\n+00009210: 652e 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 756e 2074 6865 e... 1. Run the\n+00009220: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 command ...boot\n+00009230: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a ... (*note boot:\n+00009240: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c :)... However,\n+00009250: 2044 4f53 2061 6e64 2057 696e 646f 7773 DOS and Windows\n+00009260: 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2064 6566 6963 have some defic\n+00009270: 6965 6e63 6965 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 iencies, so you \n+00009280: 6d69 6768 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 might have to.us\n+00009290: 6520 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 e more complicat\n+000092a0: 6564 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 732e ed instructions.\n+000092b0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 *Note DOS/Wind\n+000092c0: 6f77 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a ows::, for more.\n+000092d0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a information.....\n+000092e0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000092f0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 Node: Kexec, \n+00009300: 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 Next: Chain-load\n+00009310: 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 ing, Prev: Load\n+00009320: 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 ing an operating\n+00009330: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 system directly\n+00009340: 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 , Up: General b\n+00009350: 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 oot methods..5.1\n+00009360: 2e32 204b 6578 6563 2077 6974 6820 6772 .2 Kexec with gr\n+00009370: 7562 322d 656d 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ub2-emu.--------\n+00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00009390: 2d2d 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 --..GRUB can be \n+000093a0: 7275 6e20 696e 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 run in userspace\n+000093b0: 2062 7920 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 by invoking the\n+000093c0: 2067 7275 6232 2d65 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e grub2-emu tool.\n+000093d0: 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 It will.read a\n+000093e0: 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ll configuration\n+000093f0: 2073 6372 6970 7473 2061 7320 6966 2062 scripts as if b\n+00009400: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 ooting directly \n+00009410: 2873 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 204c 6f61 6469 (see *note Loadi\n+00009420: 6e67 0a61 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 ng.an operating \n+00009430: 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a system directly:\n+00009440: 3a29 2e20 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 :). With the ..\n+00009450: 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 .--kexec... flag\n+00009460: 2c20 616e 6420 6b65 7865 6328 3829 0a73 , and kexec(8).s\n+00009470: 7570 706f 7274 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 upport from the \n+00009480: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00009490: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 , the ...linux..\n+000094a0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 . command will d\n+000094b0: 6972 6563 746c 790a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 irectly.boot the\n+000094c0: 2074 6172 6765 7420 696d 6167 652e 2020 target image. \n+000094d0: 466f 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 For systems that\n+000094e0: 206c 6163 6b20 776f 726b 696e 6720 7379 lack working sy\n+000094f0: 7374 656d 6374 6c28 3129 0a73 7570 706f stemctl(1).suppo\n+00009500: 7274 2066 6f72 206b 6578 6563 2c20 7061 rt for kexec, pa\n+00009510: 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b ssing the ...--k\n+00009520: 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2074 7769 exec... flag twi\n+00009530: 6365 2077 696c 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b ce will fallback\n+00009540: 2074 6f0a 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 to.invoking kex\n+00009550: 6563 2838 2920 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 ec(8) directly; \n+00009560: 6e6f 7465 2068 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6861 note however tha\n+00009570: 7420 7468 6973 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 t this fallback \n+00009580: 6d61 7920 6265 0a75 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 may be.unsafe ou\n+00009590: 7473 6964 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 tside read-only \n+000095a0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 6173 environments, as\n+000095b0: 2069 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 it does not inv\n+000095c0: 6f6b 6520 7368 7574 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 oke shutdown.mac\n+000095d0: 6869 6e65 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a hinery.....File:\n+000095e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000095f0: 653a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 e: Chain-loading\n+00009600: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204b 6578 6563 2c20 , Prev: Kexec, \n+00009610: 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f Up: General boo\n+00009620: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 t methods..5.1.3\n+00009630: 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 Chain-loading a\n+00009640: 6e20 4f53 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n OS.-----------\n+00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00009660: 4f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d Operating system\n+00009670: 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 s that do not su\n+00009680: 7070 6f72 7420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 pport Multiboot \n+00009690: 616e 6420 646f 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 and do not have \n+000096a0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a73 7570 706f 7274 specific.support\n+000096b0: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 7370 6563 6966 in GRUB (specif\n+000096c0: 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 ic support is av\n+000096d0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 ailable for Linu\n+000096e0: 782c 2046 7265 6542 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 x, FreeBSD,.NetB\n+000096f0: 5344 2061 6e64 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2920 SD and OpenBSD) \n+00009700: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f must be chain-lo\n+00009710: 6164 6564 2c20 7768 6963 6820 696e 766f aded, which invo\n+00009720: 6c76 6573 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f lves loading ano\n+00009730: 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 ther.boot loader\n+00009740: 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 and jumping to \n+00009750: 6974 2069 6e20 7265 616c 206d 6f64 6520 it in real mode \n+00009760: 6f72 2076 6961 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 or via the firmw\n+00009770: 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 are... The ...\n+00009780: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 chainloader... c\n+00009790: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 ommand (*note ch\n+000097a0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a29 2069 7320 ainloader::) is \n+000097b0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6973 used to set this\n+000097c0: 0a75 702e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6e6f 726d .up. It is norm\n+000097d0: 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 ally also necess\n+000097e0: 6172 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 ary to load some\n+000097f0: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 616e GRUB modules an\n+00009800: 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a 6170 7072 6f70 d set the.approp\n+00009810: 7269 6174 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 riate root devic\n+00009820: 652e 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 e. Putting this\n+00009830: 2074 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2077 6520 6765 together, we ge\n+00009840: 7420 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 t something like\n+00009850: 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6f72 2061 2057 696e .this, for a Win\n+00009860: 646f 7773 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 dows system on t\n+00009870: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+00009880: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on of the first \n+00009890: 6861 7264 0a64 6973 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 hard.disk:..menu\n+000098a0: 656e 7472 7920 2257 696e 646f 7773 2220 entry \"Windows\" \n+000098b0: 7b0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6368 6169 6e0a {..insmod chain.\n+000098c0: 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 .insmod ntfs..se\n+000098d0: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a09 t root=(hd0,1)..\n+000098e0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d chainloader +1.}\n+000098f0: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 .. On systems \n+00009900: 7769 7468 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6861 with multiple ha\n+00009910: 7264 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 616e 2061 6464 rd disks, an add\n+00009920: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 776f 726b 6172 6f75 itional workarou\n+00009930: 6e64 206d 6179 2062 650a 7265 7175 6972 nd may be.requir\n+00009940: 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 ed. *Note DOS/W\n+00009950: 696e 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 indows::... Ch\n+00009960: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6973 206f ain-loading is o\n+00009970: 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e nly supported on\n+00009980: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 PC BIOS and EFI\n+00009990: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 platforms.....F\n+000099a0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000099b0: 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 Node: Loopback \n+000099c0: 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 booting, Next: \n+000099d0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e LVM cache bootin\n+000099e0: 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 g, Prev: Genera\n+000099f0: 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 l boot methods, \n+00009a00: 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e Up: Booting..5.\n+00009a10: 3220 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 2 Loopback booti\n+00009a20: 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ng.=============\n+00009a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6973 =======..GRUB is\n+00009a40: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 able to read fr\n+00009a50: 6f6d 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 2862 6520 om an image (be \n+00009a60: 6974 206f 6e65 206f 6620 4344 206f 7220 it one of CD or \n+00009a70: 4844 4429 2073 746f 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 HDD) stored on.a\n+00009a80: 6e79 206f 6620 6974 7320 6163 6365 7373 ny of its access\n+00009a90: 6962 6c65 2073 746f 7261 6765 7320 2872 ible storages (r\n+00009aa0: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f efer to *note lo\n+00009ab0: 6f70 6261 636b 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 opback:: command\n+00009ac0: 292e 0a48 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6865 204f )..However the O\n+00009ad0: 5320 6974 7365 6c66 2073 686f 756c 6420 S itself should \n+00009ae0: 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2066 696e 6420 be able to find \n+00009af0: 6974 7320 726f 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 its root. This \n+00009b00: 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 696e 766f 6c76 6573 usually.involves\n+00009b10: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2061 2075 7365 7273 running a users\n+00009b20: 7061 6365 2070 726f 6772 616d 2072 756e pace program run\n+00009b30: 6e69 6e67 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 ning before the \n+00009b40: 7265 616c 2072 6f6f 7420 6973 0a64 6973 real root is.dis\n+00009b50: 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 covered. This i\n+00009b60: 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 7920 4752 s achieved by GR\n+00009b70: 5542 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2073 7065 UB loading a spe\n+00009b80: 6369 616c 6c79 206d 6164 6520 736d 616c cially made smal\n+00009b90: 6c0a 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7061 7373 l.image and pass\n+00009ba0: 696e 6720 6974 2061 7320 7261 6d64 6973 ing it as ramdis\n+00009bb0: 6b20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e k to the kernel.\n+00009bc0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 This is achiev\n+00009bd0: 6564 2062 790a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 ed by.commands .\n+00009be0: 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c ..kfreebsd_modul\n+00009bf0: 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 e..., ...knetbsd\n+00009c00: 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 _module_elf..., \n+00009c10: e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 645f 7261 6d64 ...kopenbsd_ramd\n+00009c20: 6973 6be2 8099 2c0a e280 9869 6e69 7472 isk...,....initr\n+00009c30: 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 d... (*note init\n+00009c40: 7264 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 rd::), ...initrd\n+00009c50: 3136 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 16... (*note ini\n+00009c60: 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2c0a e280 986d 756c trd16::),....mul\n+00009c70: 7469 626f 6f74 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 tiboot_module...\n+00009c80: 2c20 e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 325f , ...multiboot2_\n+00009c90: 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 module... or ...\n+00009ca0: 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2064 xnu_ramdisk... d\n+00009cb0: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 epending on.the \n+00009cc0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 loader. Note th\n+00009cd0: 6174 2066 6f72 206b 6e65 7462 7364 2074 at for knetbsd t\n+00009ce0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 206d 7573 7420 6265 he image must be\n+00009cf0: 2070 7574 2069 6e73 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 put inside.mini\n+00009d00: 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 616e 6420 7468 root.kmod and th\n+00009d10: 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 e whole miniroot\n+00009d20: 2e6b 6d6f 6420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 .kmod has to be \n+00009d30: 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 loaded. In kope\n+00009d40: 6e62 7364 0a70 6179 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 nbsd.payload thi\n+00009d50: 7320 6973 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 s is disabled by\n+00009d60: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2041 6464 6974 default. Addit\n+00009d70: 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 6568 6176 696f ionally, behavio\n+00009d80: 7572 206f 6620 696e 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 ur of initial.ra\n+00009d90: 6d64 6973 6b20 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e mdisk depends on\n+00009da0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 6f70 command line op\n+00009db0: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 7665 7261 6c20 tions. Several \n+00009dc0: 6469 7374 7269 6275 746f 7273 2070 726f distributors pro\n+00009dd0: 7669 6465 0a74 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 vide.the image f\n+00009de0: 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7075 7270 6f73 6520 or this purpose \n+00009df0: 6f72 2069 7427 7320 696e 7465 6772 6174 or it's integrat\n+00009e00: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6569 7220 7374 616e ed in their stan\n+00009e10: 6461 7264 2072 616d 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 dard ramdisk.and\n+00009e20: 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 activated by sp\n+00009e30: 6563 6961 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 ecial option. C\n+00009e40: 6f6e 7375 6c74 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e onsult your kern\n+00009e50: 656c 2061 6e64 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 el and distribut\n+00009e60: 696f 6e0a 6d61 6e75 616c 2066 6f72 206d ion.manual for m\n+00009e70: 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 2020 4f74 ore details. Ot\n+00009e80: 6865 7220 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 her loaders like\n+00009e90: 20e2 8098 6170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 ...appleloader.\n+00009ea0: 8099 2c0a e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 ..,....chainload\n+00009eb0: 6572 e280 9920 2842 494f 532c 2045 4649 er... (BIOS, EFI\n+00009ec0: 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 , coreboot), ...\n+00009ed0: 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e freedos..., ...n\n+00009ee0: 746c 6472 e280 992c 20e2 8098 706c 616e tldr..., ...plan\n+00009ef0: 39e2 8099 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 9... and....true\n+00009f00: 6372 7970 74e2 8099 2070 726f 7669 6465 crypt... provide\n+00009f10: 206e 6f20 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 no possibility \n+00009f20: 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 of loading initi\n+00009f30: 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2061 al ramdisk and a\n+00009f40: 7320 6661 720a 6173 2061 7574 686f 7220 s far.as author \n+00009f50: 6973 2061 7761 7265 2074 6865 2070 6179 is aware the pay\n+00009f60: 6c6f 6164 7320 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f loads in questio\n+00009f70: 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 n don't support \n+00009f80: 6569 7468 6572 2069 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 either initial.r\n+00009f90: 616d 6469 736b 206f 7220 6469 7363 6f76 amdisk or discov\n+00009fa0: 6572 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 ering loopback b\n+00009fb0: 6f6f 7420 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 oot in other way\n+00009fc0: 2061 6e64 2061 7320 7375 6368 206e 6f74 and as such not\n+00009fd0: 0a62 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 7468 6973 2077 .bootable this w\n+00009fe0: 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 636f 6e73 ay. Please cons\n+00009ff0: 6964 6572 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 ider alternative\n+0000a000: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 boot methods li\n+0000a010: 6b65 0a63 6f70 7969 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 ke.copying all f\n+0000a020: 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 696d iles from the im\n+0000a030: 6167 6520 746f 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7061 age to actual pa\n+0000a040: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c rtition. Consul\n+0000a050: 7420 796f 7572 204f 530a 646f 6375 6d65 t your OS.docume\n+0000a060: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ntation for more\n+0000a070: 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c details.....Fil\n+0000a080: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0000a090: 6f64 653a 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 ode: LVM cache b\n+0000a0a0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f ooting, Next: O\n+0000a0b0: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n+0000a0c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 , Prev: Loopbac\n+0000a0d0: 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 k booting, Up: \n+0000a0e0: 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f Booting..5.3 Boo\n+0000a0f0: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 ting from LVM ca\n+0000a100: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n+0000a110: 6d65 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d me.=============\n 0000a120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4c56 4d20 ======..The LVM \n-0000a140: 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f cache logical vo\n-0000a150: 6c75 6d65 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 lume is the logi\n-0000a160: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 6f6e 7369 cal volume consi\n-0000a170: 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 0a6f 7269 sting of the.ori\n-0000a180: 6769 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6361 ginal and the ca\n-0000a190: 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 206c 6f67 6963 616c che pool logical\n-0000a1a0: 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6f72 volume. The or\n-0000a1b0: 6967 696e 616c 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c iginal is usuall\n-0000a1c0: 7920 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 6765 7220 616e y on.a larger an\n-0000a1d0: 6420 736c 6f77 6572 2073 746f 7261 6765 d slower storage\n-0000a1e0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7768 696c 6520 7468 device while th\n-0000a1f0: 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2069 7320 e cache pool is \n-0000a200: 6f6e 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 6572 0a61 6e64 on a smaller.and\n-0000a210: 2066 6173 7465 7220 6f6e 652e 2020 5468 faster one. Th\n-0000a220: 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 e performance of\n-0000a230: 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 766f the original vo\n-0000a240: 6c75 6d65 2063 616e 2062 6520 696d 7072 lume can be impr\n-0000a250: 6f76 6564 0a62 7920 7374 6f72 696e 6720 oved.by storing \n-0000a260: 7468 6520 6672 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2075 the frequently u\n-0000a270: 7365 6420 6461 7461 206f 6e20 7468 6520 sed data on the \n-0000a280: 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2074 6f20 7574 cache pool to ut\n-0000a290: 696c 697a 6520 7468 650a 6772 6561 7465 ilize the.greate\n-0000a2a0: 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 r performance of\n-0000a2b0: 2066 6173 7465 7220 6465 7669 6365 2e0a faster device..\n-0000a2c0: 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 . GRUB boots f\n-0000a2d0: 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f rom LVM cache lo\n-0000a2e0: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 206d 6572 gical volume mer\n-0000a2f0: 656c 7920 6279 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 ely by reading i\n-0000a300: 7427 730a 6f72 6967 696e 616c 206c 6f67 t's.original log\n-0000a310: 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 736f 2074 ical volume so t\n-0000a320: 6861 7420 6469 7274 7920 6461 7461 2069 hat dirty data i\n-0000a330: 6e20 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2076 6f6c n cache pool vol\n-0000a340: 756d 6520 6973 0a64 6973 7265 6761 7264 ume is.disregard\n-0000a350: 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 ed. This is not\n-0000a360: 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d 2066 6f72 2022 a problem for \"\n-0000a370: 7772 6974 6574 6872 6f75 6768 2220 6361 writethrough\" ca\n-0000a380: 6368 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 6974 0a65 che mode as it.e\n-0000a390: 6e73 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 616e 7920 nsures that any \n-0000a3a0: 6461 7461 2077 7269 7474 656e 2077 696c data written wil\n-0000a3b0: 6c20 6265 2073 746f 7265 6420 626f 7468 l be stored both\n-0000a3c0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 616e on the cache an\n-0000a3d0: 6420 7468 650a 6f72 6967 696e 204c 562e d the.origin LV.\n-0000a3e0: 2046 6f72 2074 6865 206f 7468 6572 2063 For the other c\n-0000a3f0: 6163 6865 206d 6f64 6520 2277 7269 7465 ache mode \"write\n-0000a400: 6261 636b 222c 2077 6869 6368 2064 656c back\", which del\n-0000a410: 6179 7320 7772 6974 696e 670a 6672 6f6d ays writing.from\n-0000a420: 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 the cache pool \n-0000a430: 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6f72 6967 back to the orig\n-0000a440: 696e 204c 5620 746f 2062 6f6f 7374 2070 in LV to boost p\n-0000a450: 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 4752 5542 erformance, GRUB\n-0000a460: 206d 6179 0a66 6169 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f may.fail to boo\n-0000a470: 7420 696e 2074 6865 2077 616b 6520 6f66 t in the wake of\n-0000a480: 2061 6363 6964 656e 7461 6c20 706f 7765 accidental powe\n-0000a490: 7220 6f75 7461 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 r outage due to \n-0000a4a0: 6974 2773 0a69 6e61 6269 6c69 7479 2074 it's.inability t\n-0000a4b0: 6f20 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 2074 6865 2063 o assemble the c\n-0000a4c0: 6163 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 666f 7220 ache device for \n-0000a4d0: 7265 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 reading the requ\n-0000a4e0: 6972 6564 2064 6972 7479 0a64 6174 6120 ired dirty.data \n-0000a4f0: 6c65 6674 2062 6568 696e 642e 2020 5468 left behind. Th\n-0000a500: 6520 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c e situation will\n-0000a510: 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2061 6674 be improved aft\n-0000a520: 6572 2061 6464 696e 6720 6675 6c6c 0a73 er adding full.s\n-0000a530: 7570 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c56 upport to the LV\n-0000a540: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n-0000a550: 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 volume in the fu\n-0000a560: 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ture.....File: g\n-0000a570: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0000a580: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n-0000a590: 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 564d 2063 es, Prev: LVM c\n-0000a5a0: 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 ache booting, U\n-0000a5b0: 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3420 p: Booting..5.4 \n-0000a5c0: 536f 6d65 2063 6176 6561 7473 206f 6e20 Some caveats on \n-0000a5d0: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 OS-specific issu\n-0000a5e0: 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d es.=============\n+0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n+0000a140: 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 e LVM cache logi\n+0000a150: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 7320 7468 cal volume is th\n+0000a160: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n+0000a170: 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 consisting of t\n+0000a180: 6865 0a6f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 he.original and \n+0000a190: 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 206c the cache pool l\n+0000a1a0: 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 ogical volume. \n+0000a1b0: 5468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2069 7320 The original is \n+0000a1c0: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 usually on.a lar\n+0000a1d0: 6765 7220 616e 6420 736c 6f77 6572 2073 ger and slower s\n+0000a1e0: 746f 7261 6765 2064 6576 6963 6520 7768 torage device wh\n+0000a1f0: 696c 6520 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f ile the cache po\n+0000a200: 6f6c 2069 7320 6f6e 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c ol is on a small\n+0000a210: 6572 0a61 6e64 2066 6173 7465 7220 6f6e er.and faster on\n+0000a220: 652e 2020 5468 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 e. The performa\n+0000a230: 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 nce of the origi\n+0000a240: 6e61 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 616e 2062 nal volume can b\n+0000a250: 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 0a62 7920 7374 e improved.by st\n+0000a260: 6f72 696e 6720 7468 6520 6672 6571 7565 oring the freque\n+0000a270: 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6461 7461 206f ntly used data o\n+0000a280: 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c n the cache pool\n+0000a290: 2074 6f20 7574 696c 697a 6520 7468 650a to utilize the.\n+0000a2a0: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 greater performa\n+0000a2b0: 6e63 6520 6f66 2066 6173 7465 7220 6465 nce of faster de\n+0000a2c0: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2062 vice... GRUB b\n+0000a2d0: 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 oots from LVM ca\n+0000a2e0: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n+0000a2f0: 6d65 206d 6572 656c 7920 6279 2072 6561 me merely by rea\n+0000a300: 6469 6e67 2069 7427 730a 6f72 6967 696e ding it's.origin\n+0000a310: 616c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d al logical volum\n+0000a320: 6520 736f 2074 6861 7420 6469 7274 7920 e so that dirty \n+0000a330: 6461 7461 2069 6e20 6361 6368 6520 706f data in cache po\n+0000a340: 6f6c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6973 0a64 6973 ol volume is.dis\n+0000a350: 7265 6761 7264 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 regarded. This \n+0000a360: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d is not a problem\n+0000a370: 2066 6f72 2022 7772 6974 6574 6872 6f75 for \"writethrou\n+0000a380: 6768 2220 6361 6368 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 gh\" cache mode a\n+0000a390: 7320 6974 0a65 6e73 7572 6573 2074 6861 s it.ensures tha\n+0000a3a0: 7420 616e 7920 6461 7461 2077 7269 7474 t any data writt\n+0000a3b0: 656e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 746f 7265 en will be store\n+0000a3c0: 6420 626f 7468 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 d both on the ca\n+0000a3d0: 6368 6520 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f72 6967 che and the.orig\n+0000a3e0: 696e 204c 562e 2046 6f72 2074 6865 206f in LV. For the o\n+0000a3f0: 7468 6572 2063 6163 6865 206d 6f64 6520 ther cache mode \n+0000a400: 2277 7269 7465 6261 636b 222c 2077 6869 \"writeback\", whi\n+0000a410: 6368 2064 656c 6179 7320 7772 6974 696e ch delays writin\n+0000a420: 670a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 g.from the cache\n+0000a430: 2070 6f6f 6c20 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 pool back to th\n+0000a440: 6520 6f72 6967 696e 204c 5620 746f 2062 e origin LV to b\n+0000a450: 6f6f 7374 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 oost performance\n+0000a460: 2c20 4752 5542 206d 6179 0a66 6169 6c20 , GRUB may.fail \n+0000a470: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2077 to boot in the w\n+0000a480: 616b 6520 6f66 2061 6363 6964 656e 7461 ake of accidenta\n+0000a490: 6c20 706f 7765 7220 6f75 7461 6765 2064 l power outage d\n+0000a4a0: 7565 2074 6f20 6974 2773 0a69 6e61 6269 ue to it's.inabi\n+0000a4b0: 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 lity to assemble\n+0000a4c0: 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2064 6576 6963 the cache devic\n+0000a4d0: 6520 666f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 7468 e for reading th\n+0000a4e0: 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2064 6972 7479 e required dirty\n+0000a4f0: 0a64 6174 6120 6c65 6674 2062 6568 696e .data left behin\n+0000a500: 642e 2020 5468 6520 7369 7475 6174 696f d. The situatio\n+0000a510: 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 n will be improv\n+0000a520: 6564 2061 6674 6572 2061 6464 696e 6720 ed after adding \n+0000a530: 6675 6c6c 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2074 6f20 full.support to \n+0000a540: 7468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f the LVM cache lo\n+0000a550: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 6e20 gical volume in \n+0000a560: 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 the future.....F\n+0000a570: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0000a580: 204e 6f64 653a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Node: OS-specif\n+0000a590: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a ic notes, Prev:\n+0000a5a0: 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 LVM cache booti\n+0000a5b0: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 ng, Up: Booting\n+0000a5c0: 0a0a 352e 3420 536f 6d65 2063 6176 6561 ..5.4 Some cavea\n+0000a5d0: 7473 206f 6e20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 ts on OS-specifi\n+0000a5e0: 6320 6973 7375 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d c issues.=======\n 0000a5f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 6572 652c =========..Here,\n-0000a610: 2077 6520 6465 7363 7269 6265 2073 6f6d we describe som\n-0000a620: 6520 6361 7665 6174 7320 6f6e 2073 6576 e caveats on sev\n-0000a630: 6572 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 eral operating s\n-0000a640: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a ystems...* Menu:\n-0000a650: 0a0a 2a20 474e 552f 4875 7264 3a3a 0a2a ..* GNU/Hurd::.*\n-0000a660: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a2a 204e GNU/Linux::.* N\n-0000a670: 6574 4253 443a 3a0a 2a20 444f 532f 5769 etBSD::.* DOS/Wi\n-0000a680: 6e64 6f77 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ndows::....File:\n-0000a690: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0000a6a0: 653a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 4e65 e: GNU/Hurd, Ne\n-0000a6b0: 7874 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 xt: GNU/Linux, \n-0000a6c0: 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 Up: OS-specific \n-0000a6d0: 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e31 2047 4e55 notes..5.4.1 GNU\n-0000a6e0: 2f48 7572 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d /Hurd.----------\n-0000a6f0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5369 6e63 6520 474e 552f ----..Since GNU/\n-0000a700: 4875 7264 2069 7320 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Hurd is Multiboo\n-0000a710: 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 742c 2069 7420 t-compliant, it \n-0000a720: 6973 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 is easy to boot \n-0000a730: 6974 3b20 7468 6572 6520 6973 0a6e 6f74 it; there is.not\n-0000a740: 6869 6e67 2073 7065 6369 616c 2061 626f hing special abo\n-0000a750: 7574 2069 742e 2020 4275 7420 646f 206e ut it. But do n\n-0000a760: 6f74 2066 6f72 6765 7420 7468 6174 2079 ot forget that y\n-0000a770: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 2073 7065 6369 ou have to speci\n-0000a780: 6679 2061 0a72 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 fy a.root partit\n-0000a790: 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 ion to the kerne\n-0000a7a0: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 l... 1. Set GRU\n-0000a7b0: 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 B's root device \n-0000a7c0: 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 to the same driv\n-0000a7d0: 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6427 732e e as GNU/Hurd's.\n-0000a7e0: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 The. comma\n-0000a7f0: 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 nd ...search --s\n-0000a800: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 202f et=root --file /\n-0000a810: 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7ae2 boot/gnumach.gz.\n-0000a820: 8099 206f 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 .. or similar ma\n-0000a830: 790a 2020 2020 2068 656c 7020 796f 7520 y. help you \n-0000a840: 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 (*note search::)\n-0000a850: 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 ... 2. Load the\n-0000a860: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 kernel and the \n-0000a870: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 206c 696b 6520 7468 modules, like th\n-0000a880: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 is:.. g\n-0000a890: 7275 623e 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 202f rub> multiboot /\n-0000a8a0: 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7a20 boot/gnumach.gz \n-0000a8b0: 726f 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 653a 6864 3073 root=device:hd0s\n-0000a8c0: 310a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 1. grub\n-0000a8d0: 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 2f68 7572 642f > module /hurd/\n-0000a8e0: 6578 7432 6673 2e73 7461 7469 6320 6578 ext2fs.static ex\n-0000a8f0: 7432 6673 202d 2d72 6561 646f 6e6c 7920 t2fs --readonly \n-0000a900: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n-0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d -\n-0000a920: 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 6d61 -multiboot-comma\n-0000a930: 6e64 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 7b6b 6572 6e65 nd-line='${kerne\n-0000a940: 6c2d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 7d27 l-command-line}'\n-0000a950: 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n+0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+0000a610: 0a48 6572 652c 2077 6520 6465 7363 7269 .Here, we descri\n+0000a620: 6265 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7665 6174 7320 be some caveats \n+0000a630: 6f6e 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7065 7261 on several opera\n+0000a640: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a2a ting systems...*\n+0000a650: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 552f 4875 Menu:..* GNU/Hu\n+0000a660: 7264 3a3a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 rd::.* GNU/Linux\n+0000a670: 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 4253 443a 3a0a 2a20 ::.* NetBSD::.* \n+0000a680: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a0a 0a1f DOS/Windows::...\n+0000a690: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0000a6a0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 , Node: GNU/Hur\n+0000a6b0: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 d, Next: GNU/Li\n+0000a6c0: 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 nux, Up: OS-spe\n+0000a6d0: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 cific notes..5.4\n+0000a6e0: 2e31 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 640a 2d2d 2d2d .1 GNU/Hurd.----\n+0000a6f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5369 6e63 ----------..Sinc\n+0000a700: 6520 474e 552f 4875 7264 2069 7320 4d75 e GNU/Hurd is Mu\n+0000a710: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e ltiboot-complian\n+0000a720: 742c 2069 7420 6973 2065 6173 7920 746f t, it is easy to\n+0000a730: 2062 6f6f 7420 6974 3b20 7468 6572 6520 boot it; there \n+0000a740: 6973 0a6e 6f74 6869 6e67 2073 7065 6369 is.nothing speci\n+0000a750: 616c 2061 626f 7574 2069 742e 2020 4275 al about it. Bu\n+0000a760: 7420 646f 206e 6f74 2066 6f72 6765 7420 t do not forget \n+0000a770: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f that you have to\n+0000a780: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 0a72 6f6f 7420 specify a.root \n+0000a790: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 partition to the\n+0000a7a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 kernel... 1. S\n+0000a7b0: 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 et GRUB's root d\n+0000a7c0: 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d evice to the sam\n+0000a7d0: 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f48 e drive as GNU/H\n+0000a7e0: 7572 6427 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 urd's. The. \n+0000a7f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 command ...sear\n+0000a800: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n+0000a810: 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 file /boot/gnuma\n+0000a820: 6368 2e67 7ae2 8099 206f 7220 7369 6d69 ch.gz... or simi\n+0000a830: 6c61 7220 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2068 656c lar may. hel\n+0000a840: 7020 796f 7520 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 p you (*note sea\n+0000a850: 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f rch::)... 2. Lo\n+0000a860: 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e ad the kernel an\n+0000a870: 6420 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 206c d the modules, l\n+0000a880: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n+0000a890: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206d 756c 7469 grub> multi\n+0000a8a0: 626f 6f74 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 boot /boot/gnuma\n+0000a8b0: 6368 2e67 7a20 726f 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 ch.gz root=devic\n+0000a8c0: 653a 6864 3073 310a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:hd0s1. \n+0000a8d0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 grub> module \n+0000a8e0: 2f68 7572 642f 6578 7432 6673 2e73 7461 /hurd/ext2fs.sta\n+0000a8f0: 7469 6320 6578 7432 6673 202d 2d72 6561 tic ext2fs --rea\n+0000a900: 646f 6e6c 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 donly \\. \n+0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a920: 2020 2020 202d 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 --multiboot\n+0000a930: 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 -command-line='$\n+0000a940: 7b6b 6572 6e65 6c2d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d {kernel-command-\n+0000a950: 6c69 6e65 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 line}' \\. \n 0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a970: 2d2d 686f 7374 2d70 7269 762d 706f 7274 --host-priv-port\n-0000a980: 3d27 247b 686f 7374 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 ='${host-port}' \n-0000a990: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n-0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d -\n-0000a9b0: 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 7374 6572 2d70 -device-master-p\n-0000a9c0: 6f72 743d 2724 7b64 6576 6963 652d 706f ort='${device-po\n-0000a9d0: 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt}' \\. \n+0000a970: 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 686f 7374 2d70 7269 --host-pri\n+0000a980: 762d 706f 7274 3d27 247b 686f 7374 2d70 v-port='${host-p\n+0000a990: 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ort}' \\. \n+0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a9b0: 2020 2020 202d 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 --device-ma\n+0000a9c0: 7374 6572 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 7b64 6576 ster-port='${dev\n+0000a9d0: 6963 652d 706f 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 ice-port}' \\. \n 0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 2d73 6572 7665 --exec-serve\n-0000aa00: 722d 7461 736b 3d27 247b 6578 6563 2d74 r-task='${exec-t\n-0000aa10: 6173 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 7970 6564 2027 ask}' -T typed '\n-0000aa20: 247b 726f 6f74 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 ${root}' \\. \n-0000aa30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2724 2874 6173 6b2d '$(task-\n-0000aa50: 6372 6561 7465 2927 2027 2428 7461 736b create)' '$(task\n-0000aa60: 2d72 6573 756d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 -resume)'. \n-0000aa70: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 grub> module\n-0000aa80: 202f 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 6f2e 3120 6578 /lib/ld.so.1 ex\n-0000aa90: 6563 202f 6875 7264 2f65 7865 6320 2724 ec /hurd/exec '$\n-0000aaa0: 2865 7865 632d 7461 736b 3d74 6173 6b2d (exec-task=task-\n-0000aab0: 6372 6561 7465 2927 0a0a 2020 332e 2046 create)'.. 3. F\n-0000aac0: 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 inally, run the \n-0000aad0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 command ...boot.\n-0000aae0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a .. (*note boot::\n-0000aaf0: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-0000ab00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e .info, Node: GN\n-0000ab10: 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 U/Linux, Next: \n-0000ab20: 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 NetBSD, Prev: G\n-0000ab30: 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 NU/Hurd, Up: OS\n-0000ab40: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a -specific notes.\n-0000ab50: 0a35 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 .5.4.2 GNU/Linux\n-0000ab60: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0000ab70: 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 7265 6c61 7469 7665 ..It is relative\n-0000ab80: 6c79 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 ly easy to boot \n-0000ab90: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6672 6f6d 2047 GNU/Linux from G\n-0000aba0: 5255 422c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 RUB, because it \n-0000abb0: 736f 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 6573 656d 626c somewhat.resembl\n-0000abc0: 6573 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2061 204d 756c es to boot a Mul\n-0000abd0: 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 tiboot-compliant\n-0000abe0: 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 OS... 1. Set G\n-0000abf0: 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 RUB's root devic\n-0000ac00: 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 e to the same dr\n-0000ac10: 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 ive as GNU/Linux\n-0000ac20: 2773 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 's. The. co\n-0000ac30: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 mmand ...search \n-0000ac40: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d66 696c --set=root --fil\n-0000ac50: 6520 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a e280 9920 6f72 e /vmlinuz... or\n-0000ac60: 2073 696d 696c 6172 206d 6179 2068 656c similar may hel\n-0000ac70: 7020 796f 750a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 p you. (*not\n-0000ac80: 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 e search::)... \n-0000ac90: 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 2. Load the kern\n-0000aca0: 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d el using the com\n-0000acb0: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 mand ...linux...\n-0000acc0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 (*note linux::)\n-0000acd0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-0000ace0: 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 b> linux /vmlinu\n-0000acf0: 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 6131 z root=/dev/sda1\n-0000ad00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 .. If you ne\n-0000ad10: 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 736f ed to specify so\n-0000ad20: 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 me kernel parame\n-0000ad30: 7465 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 2061 7070 656e ters, just appen\n-0000ad40: 6420 7468 656d 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 d them to. t\n-0000ad50: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 6f72 he command. For\n-0000ad60: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 6574 example, to set\n-0000ad70: 20e2 8098 6163 7069 e280 9920 746f 20e2 ...acpi... to .\n-0000ad80: 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 646f 2074 6869 ..off..., do thi\n-0000ad90: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 s:.. gr\n-0000ada0: 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e ub> linux /vmlin\n-0000adb0: 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 uz root=/dev/sda\n-0000adc0: 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 2020 1 acpi=off.. \n-0000add0: 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e See the documen\n-0000ade0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 tation in the Li\n-0000adf0: 6e75 7820 736f 7572 6365 2074 7265 6520 nux source tree \n-0000ae00: 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 for complete. \n-0000ae10: 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e information on\n-0000ae20: 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f the available o\n-0000ae30: 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 ptions... Wi\n-0000ae40: 7468 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2047 th ...linux... G\n-0000ae50: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2033 322d 6269 7420 RUB uses 32-bit \n-0000ae60: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2053 6f6d 6520 protocol. Some \n-0000ae70: 4249 4f53 2073 6572 7669 6365 7320 6c69 BIOS services li\n-0000ae80: 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 4150 4d20 6f72 2045 ke. APM or E\n-0000ae90: 4444 2061 7265 6e27 7420 6176 6169 6c61 DD aren't availa\n-0000aea0: 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7072 ble with this pr\n-0000aeb0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 otocol. In this\n-0000aec0: 2063 6173 6520 796f 750a 2020 2020 206e case you. n\n-0000aed0: 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 6c69 eed to use ...li\n-0000aee0: 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 nux16..... \n-0000aef0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7831 grub> linux1\n-0000af00: 3620 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 6 /vmlinuz root=\n-0000af10: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f /dev/sda1 acpi=o\n-0000af20: 6666 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 ff.. 3. If you \n-0000af30: 7573 6520 616e 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2065 use an initrd, e\n-0000af40: 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 xecute the comma\n-0000af50: 6e64 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 nd ...initrd... \n-0000af60: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 (*note initrd::)\n-0000af70: 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 e280 986c . after ...l\n-0000af80: 696e 7578 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 inux...:.. \n-0000af90: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 grub> initrd\n-0000afa0: 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 /initrd.. I\n-0000afb0: 6620 796f 7520 7573 6564 20e2 8098 6c69 f you used ...li\n-0000afc0: 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 2079 6f75 206e 6565 nux16... you nee\n-0000afd0: 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 696e 6974 d to use ...init\n-0000afe0: 7264 3136 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 rd16...:.. \n-0000aff0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 grub> initrd\n-0000b000: 3136 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 342e 16 /initrd.. 4.\n-0000b010: 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 Finally, run th\n-0000b020: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f e command ...boo\n-0000b030: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 t... (*note boot\n-0000b040: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-0000b050: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0000b060: 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 NetBSD, Next: D\n-0000b070: 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 2c20 2050 7265 OS/Windows, Pre\n-0000b080: 763a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 v: GNU/Linux, U\n-0000b090: 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e p: OS-specific n\n-0000b0a0: 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3320 4e65 7442 otes..5.4.3 NetB\n-0000b0b0: 5344 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a SD.------------.\n-0000b0c0: 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 204e 6574 4253 .Booting a NetBS\n-0000b0d0: 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2066 726f 6d20 4752 D kernel from GR\n-0000b0e0: 5542 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 656c 6174 UB is also relat\n-0000b0f0: 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 3a20 6669 7273 ively easy: firs\n-0000b100: 7420 7365 740a 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f t set.GRUB's roo\n-0000b110: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2c20 7468 656e 206c t device, then l\n-0000b120: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2061 oad the kernel a\n-0000b130: 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 nd the modules, \n-0000b140: 616e 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a 7275 6e20 and finally.run \n-0000b150: e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2031 ...boot...... 1\n-0000b160: 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f . Set GRUB's roo\n-0000b170: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 t device to the \n-0000b180: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 686f 6c64 696e partition holdin\n-0000b190: 6720 7468 6520 4e65 7442 5344 2072 6f6f g the NetBSD roo\n-0000b1a0: 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 t. file syst\n-0000b1b0: 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 em. For a disk \n-0000b1c0: 7769 7468 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6469 with a NetBSD di\n-0000b1d0: 736b 206c 6162 656c 2c20 7468 6973 2069 sk label, this i\n-0000b1e0: 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2074 s usually. t\n-0000b1f0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n-0000b200: 6f6e 2028 613a 292e 2020 496e 2074 6861 on (a:). In tha\n-0000b210: 7420 6361 7365 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 t case, and assu\n-0000b220: 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 ming that the. \n-0000b230: 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 partition is \n-0000b240: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 on the first har\n-0000b250: 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 4752 5542 d disk, set GRUB\n-0000b260: 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2061 's root device a\n-0000b270: 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a s. follows:.\n-0000b280: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n-0000b290: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f62 7364 insmod part_bsd\n-0000b2a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n-0000b2b0: 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c6e set root=(hd0,n\n-0000b2c0: 6574 6273 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 466f etbsd1).. Fo\n-0000b2d0: 7220 6120 6469 736b 2077 6974 6820 6120 r a disk with a \n-0000b2e0: 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 GUID Partition T\n-0000b2f0: 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2c20 616e 6420 able (GPT), and \n-0000b300: 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 assuming that th\n-0000b310: 650a 2020 2020 204e 6574 4253 4420 726f e. NetBSD ro\n-0000b320: 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 ot partition is \n-0000b330: 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 4750 5420 7061 the third GPT pa\n-0000b340: 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 6973 rtition, do this\n-0000b350: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-0000b360: 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f67 b> insmod part_g\n-0000b370: 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 pt. gru\n-0000b380: 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 b> set root=(hd0\n-0000b390: 2c67 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 ,gpt3).. 2. Loa\n-0000b3a0: 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 d the kernel usi\n-0000b3b0: 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 ng the command .\n-0000b3c0: 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 ..knetbsd...:.. \n-0000b3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b grub> k\n-0000b3e0: 6e65 7462 7364 202f 6e65 7462 7364 0a0a netbsd /netbsd..\n-0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2056 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 Various opt\n-0000b400: 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 ions may be give\n-0000b410: 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 n to ...knetbsd.\n-0000b420: 8099 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f ... These optio\n-0000b430: 6e73 2061 7265 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 ns are, for. \n-0000b440: 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7061 7274 2c20 the most part, \n-0000b450: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 the same as in t\n-0000b460: 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c he NetBSD boot l\n-0000b470: 6f61 6465 722e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 oader. For. \n-0000b480: 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2074 6f20 626f instance, to bo\n-0000b490: 6f74 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e ot the system in\n-0000b4a0: 2073 696e 676c 652d 7573 6572 206d 6f64 single-user mod\n-0000b4b0: 6520 616e 6420 7769 7468 2076 6572 626f e and with verbo\n-0000b4c0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 6573 se. messages\n-0000b4d0: 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 , do this:.. \n-0000b4e0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 grub> knet\n-0000b4f0: 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 6420 2d73 202d bsd /netbsd -s -\n-0000b500: 760a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 206e 6565 6465 v.. 3. If neede\n-0000b510: 642c 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206d d, load kernel m\n-0000b520: 6f64 756c 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 odules with the \n-0000b530: 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 command. ...\n-0000b540: 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 knetbsd_module_e\n-0000b550: 6c66 e280 992e 2020 4120 7479 7069 6361 lf.... A typica\n-0000b560: 6c20 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 2074 6865 l example is the\n-0000b570: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 module for the \n-0000b580: 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 root. file s\n-0000b590: 7973 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ystem:.. \n-0000b5a0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 645f grub> knetbsd_\n-0000b5b0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 7374 616e module_elf /stan\n-0000b5c0: 642f 616d 6436 342f 362e 302f 6d6f 6475 d/amd64/6.0/modu\n-0000b5d0: 6c65 732f 6666 732f 6666 732e 6b6d 6f64 les/ffs/ffs.kmod\n-0000b5e0: 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 .. 4. Finally, \n-0000b5f0: 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 run the command \n-0000b600: e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ...boot... (*not\n-0000b610: 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e boot::).....Fi\n-0000b620: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0000b630: 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 Node: DOS/Window\n-0000b640: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 s, Prev: NetBSD\n-0000b650: 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 , Up: OS-specif\n-0000b660: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3420 ic notes..5.4.4 \n-0000b670: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 730a 2d2d 2d2d DOS/Windows.----\n-0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 -------------..G\n-0000b690: 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 RUB cannot boot \n-0000b6a0: 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2064 DOS or Windows d\n-0000b6b0: 6972 6563 746c 792c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 irectly, so you \n-0000b6c0: 6d75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 must chain-load \n-0000b6d0: 7468 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 them.(*note Chai\n-0000b6e0: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e20 2048 n-loading::). H\n-0000b6f0: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6569 7220 626f owever, their bo\n-0000b700: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2068 6176 6520 ot loaders have \n-0000b710: 736f 6d65 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 6465 some critical.de\n-0000b720: 6669 6369 656e 6369 6573 2c20 736f 2069 ficiencies, so i\n-0000b730: 7420 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 2074 t may not work t\n-0000b740: 6f20 6a75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 o just chain-loa\n-0000b750: 6420 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 6f76 6572 d them. To over\n-0000b760: 636f 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d come.the problem\n-0000b770: 732c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 s, GRUB provides\n-0000b780: 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 7477 6f20 6865 you with two he\n-0000b790: 6c70 6572 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a lper functions..\n-0000b7a0: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 . If you have \n-0000b7b0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f 5320 286f installed DOS (o\n-0000b7c0: 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 6120 r Windows) on a \n-0000b7d0: 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 non-first hard d\n-0000b7e0: 6973 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 6176 6520 746f isk, you.have to\n-0000b7f0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 7377 use the disk sw\n-0000b800: 6170 7069 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 apping technique\n-0000b810: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6174 204f , because that O\n-0000b820: 5320 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 740a 6672 S cannot boot.fr\n-0000b830: 6f6d 2061 6e79 2064 6973 6b73 2062 7574 om any disks but\n-0000b840: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206f 6e65 2e20 the first one. \n-0000b850: 2054 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 The workaround \n-0000b860: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 used in GRUB is \n-0000b870: 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9864 the.command ...d\n-0000b880: 7269 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 rivemap... (*not\n-0000b890: 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 292c 206c e drivemap::), l\n-0000b8a0: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n-0000b8b0: 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 drivemap -s (hd0\n-0000b8c0: 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 ) (hd1).. This\n-0000b8d0: 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 e280 9c76 performs a ...v\n-0000b8e0: 6972 7475 616c e280 9d20 7377 6170 2062 irtual... swap b\n-0000b8f0: 6574 7765 656e 2079 6f75 7220 6669 7273 etween your firs\n-0000b900: 7420 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 t and second har\n-0000b910: 640a 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 4361 d.drive... *Ca\n-0000b920: 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 ution:* This is \n-0000b930: 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 effective only i\n-0000b940: 6620 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 f DOS (or Window\n-0000b950: 7329 2075 7365 7320 4249 4f53 2074 6f0a s) uses BIOS to.\n-0000b960: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 2073 7761 7070 access the swapp\n-0000b970: 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ed disks. If th\n-0000b980: 6174 204f 5320 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 at OS uses a spe\n-0000b990: 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 7220 cial driver for \n-0000b9a0: 7468 650a 6469 736b 732c 2074 6869 7320 the.disks, this \n-0000b9b0: 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 6f6e 2774 2077 probably won't w\n-0000b9c0: 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e6f 7468 6572 ork... Another\n-0000b9d0: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2061 7269 7365 7320 problem arises \n-0000b9e0: 6966 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 if you installed\n-0000b9f0: 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 more than one s\n-0000ba00: 6574 206f 660a 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 et of.DOS/Window\n-0000ba10: 7320 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2c s onto one disk,\n-0000ba20: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7920 636f because they co\n-0000ba30: 756c 6420 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 uld be confused \n-0000ba40: 6966 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 0a6d 6f72 if there are.mor\n-0000ba50: 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2070 7269 6d61 e than one prima\n-0000ba60: 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 666f ry partitions fo\n-0000ba70: 7220 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 2020 r DOS/Windows. \n-0000ba80: 4365 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 796f 7520 7368 Certainly you sh\n-0000ba90: 6f75 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 2064 6f69 6e67 ould.avoid doing\n-0000baa0: 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2074 6865 7265 this, but there\n-0000bab0: 2069 7320 6120 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 is a solution i\n-0000bac0: 6620 796f 7520 646f 2077 616e 7420 746f f you do want to\n-0000bad0: 2064 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 7365 0a74 6865 do so. Use.the\n-0000bae0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 6964 696e partition hidin\n-0000baf0: 672f 756e 6869 6469 6e67 2074 6563 686e g/unhiding techn\n-0000bb00: 6971 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2047 5255 ique... If GRU\n-0000bb10: 4220 e280 9c68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 B ...hides... a \n-0000bb20: 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or Windows)\n-0000bb30: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 partition (*not\n-0000bb40: 6520 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 292c 2044 e parttool::), D\n-0000bb50: 4f53 0a28 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 OS.(or Windows) \n-0000bb60: 7769 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6520 7468 6520 will ignore the \n-0000bb70: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2047 partition. If G\n-0000bb80: 5255 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 6964 6573 e280 RUB ...unhides..\n-0000bb90: 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 720a 5769 6e64 . a DOS (or.Wind\n-0000bba0: 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 ows) partition, \n-0000bbb0: 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or Windows)\n-0000bbc0: 2077 696c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 will detect the\n-0000bbd0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6875 partition. Thu\n-0000bbe0: 732c 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2069 s,.if you have i\n-0000bbf0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 nstalled DOS (or\n-0000bc00: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 6f6e 2074 6865 Windows) on the\n-0000bc10: 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 first and the s\n-0000bc20: 6563 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 econd.partition \n-0000bc30: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 of the first har\n-0000bc40: 6420 6469 736b 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 d disk, and you \n-0000bc50: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 want to boot the\n-0000bc60: 2063 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 6972 copy on the.fir\n-0000bc70: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f st partition, do\n-0000bc80: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a the following:.\n-0000bc90: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 . parttool (\n-0000bca0: 6864 302c 3129 2068 6964 6465 6e2d 0a20 hd0,1) hidden-. \n-0000bcb0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 parttool (hd\n-0000bcc0: 302c 3229 2068 6964 6465 6e2b 0a20 2020 0,2) hidden+. \n-0000bcd0: 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c set root=(hd0,\n-0000bce0: 3129 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 1). chainloa\n-0000bcf0: 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 der +1. part\n-0000bd00: 746f 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2062 6f6f tool ${root} boo\n-0000bd10: 742b 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 0a0a 1f0a t+. boot....\n-0000bd20: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0000bd30: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 Node: Configur\n-0000bd40: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5468 ation, Next: Th\n-0000bd50: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c eme file format,\n-0000bd60: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 672c Prev: Booting,\n-0000bd70: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a36 2057 7269 Up: Top..6 Wri\n-0000bd80: 7469 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 636f ting your own co\n-0000bd90: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-0000bda0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 --exec\n+0000aa00: 2d73 6572 7665 722d 7461 736b 3d27 247b -server-task='${\n+0000aa10: 6578 6563 2d74 6173 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 exec-task}' -T t\n+0000aa20: 7970 6564 2027 247b 726f 6f74 7d27 205c yped '${root}' \\\n+0000aa30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2724 '$\n+0000aa50: 2874 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 2027 (task-create)' '\n+0000aa60: 2428 7461 736b 2d72 6573 756d 6529 270a $(task-resume)'.\n+0000aa70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0000aa80: 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 module /lib/ld.s\n+0000aa90: 6f2e 3120 6578 6563 202f 6875 7264 2f65 o.1 exec /hurd/e\n+0000aaa0: 7865 6320 2724 2865 7865 632d 7461 736b xec '$(exec-task\n+0000aab0: 3d74 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 0a0a =task-create)'..\n+0000aac0: 2020 332e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 3. Finally, ru\n+0000aad0: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 n the command ..\n+0000aae0: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .boot... (*note \n+0000aaf0: 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 boot::).....File\n+0000ab00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0000ab10: 6465 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 de: GNU/Linux, \n+0000ab20: 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2050 Next: NetBSD, P\n+0000ab30: 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 rev: GNU/Hurd, \n+0000ab40: 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 Up: OS-specific \n+0000ab50: 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 notes..5.4.2 GNU\n+0000ab60: 2f4c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d /Linux.---------\n+0000ab70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 7265 ------..It is re\n+0000ab80: 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2065 6173 7920 746f latively easy to\n+0000ab90: 2062 6f6f 7420 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 boot GNU/Linux \n+0000aba0: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422c 2062 6563 6175 from GRUB, becau\n+0000abb0: 7365 2069 7420 736f 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 se it somewhat.r\n+0000abc0: 6573 656d 626c 6573 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 esembles to boot\n+0000abd0: 2061 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d a Multiboot-com\n+0000abe0: 706c 6961 6e74 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 312e pliant OS... 1.\n+0000abf0: 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 Set GRUB's root\n+0000ac00: 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 device to the s\n+0000ac10: 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 ame drive as GNU\n+0000ac20: 2f4c 696e 7578 2773 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 /Linux's. The. \n+0000ac30: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 command ...s\n+0000ac40: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 earch --set=root\n+0000ac50: 202d 2d66 696c 6520 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a --file /vmlinuz\n+0000ac60: e280 9920 6f72 2073 696d 696c 6172 206d ... or similar m\n+0000ac70: 6179 2068 656c 7020 796f 750a 2020 2020 ay help you. \n+0000ac80: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a (*note search::\n+0000ac90: 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 )... 2. Load th\n+0000aca0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 e kernel using t\n+0000acb0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 he command ...li\n+0000acc0: 6e75 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 nux... (*note li\n+0000acd0: 6e75 783a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 nux::):.. \n+0000ace0: 2020 2067 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f grub> linux /\n+0000acf0: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 vmlinuz root=/de\n+0000ad00: 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 v/sda1.. If \n+0000ad10: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 you need to spec\n+0000ad20: 6966 7920 736f 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ify some kernel \n+0000ad30: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 parameters, just\n+0000ad40: 2061 7070 656e 6420 7468 656d 2074 6f0a append them to.\n+0000ad50: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the command\n+0000ad60: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 . For example, \n+0000ad70: 746f 2073 6574 20e2 8098 6163 7069 e280 to set ...acpi..\n+0000ad80: 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 . to ...off..., \n+0000ad90: 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 do this:.. \n+0000ada0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 grub> linux \n+0000adb0: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 /vmlinuz root=/d\n+0000adc0: 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 ev/sda1 acpi=off\n+0000add0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 .. See the d\n+0000ade0: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 ocumentation in \n+0000adf0: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 736f 7572 6365 the Linux source\n+0000ae00: 2074 7265 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 tree for comple\n+0000ae10: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 te. informat\n+0000ae20: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c ion on the avail\n+0000ae30: 6162 6c65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 able options... \n+0000ae40: 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 With ...linu\n+0000ae50: 78e2 8099 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2033 x... GRUB uses 3\n+0000ae60: 322d 6269 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2-bit protocol. \n+0000ae70: 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 2073 6572 7669 Some BIOS servi\n+0000ae80: 6365 7320 6c69 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 4150 ces like. AP\n+0000ae90: 4d20 6f72 2045 4444 2061 7265 6e27 7420 M or EDD aren't \n+0000aea0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 available with t\n+0000aeb0: 6869 7320 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 his protocol. I\n+0000aec0: 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 796f 750a n this case you.\n+0000aed0: 2020 2020 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 need to use\n+0000aee0: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a ...linux16.....\n+0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0000af00: 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a linux16 /vmlinuz\n+0000af10: 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 root=/dev/sda1 \n+0000af20: 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 acpi=off.. 3. I\n+0000af30: 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 616e 2069 6e69 f you use an ini\n+0000af40: 7472 642c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 trd, execute the\n+0000af50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 696e 6974 command ...init\n+0000af60: 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 rd... (*note ini\n+0000af70: 7472 643a 3a29 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 trd::). afte\n+0000af80: 7220 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 993a 0a0a r ...linux...:..\n+0000af90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0000afa0: 696e 6974 7264 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a initrd /initrd..\n+0000afb0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6564 If you used\n+0000afc0: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 2079 ...linux16... y\n+0000afd0: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 ou need to use .\n+0000afe0: 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 993a 0a0a ..initrd16...:..\n+0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0000b000: 696e 6974 7264 3136 202f 696e 6974 7264 initrd16 /initrd\n+0000b010: 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 .. 4. Finally, \n+0000b020: 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 run the command \n+0000b030: e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ...boot... (*not\n+0000b040: 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e boot::).....Fi\n+0000b050: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0000b060: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 204e Node: NetBSD, N\n+0000b070: 6578 743a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 ext: DOS/Windows\n+0000b080: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e , Prev: GNU/Lin\n+0000b090: 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 ux, Up: OS-spec\n+0000b0a0: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e ific notes..5.4.\n+0000b0b0: 3320 4e65 7442 5344 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 NetBSD.-------\n+0000b0c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 -----..Booting a\n+0000b0d0: 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2066 NetBSD kernel f\n+0000b0e0: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2069 7320 616c 736f rom GRUB is also\n+0000b0f0: 2072 656c 6174 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 relatively easy\n+0000b100: 3a20 6669 7273 7420 7365 740a 4752 5542 : first set.GRUB\n+0000b110: 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2c20 's root device, \n+0000b120: 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 then load the ke\n+0000b130: 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 rnel and the mod\n+0000b140: 756c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c ules, and finall\n+0000b150: 790a 7275 6e20 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 y.run ...boot...\n+0000b160: 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 ... 1. Set GRUB\n+0000b170: 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 's root device t\n+0000b180: 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 o the partition \n+0000b190: 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 4e65 7442 holding the NetB\n+0000b1a0: 5344 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c SD root. fil\n+0000b1b0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 e system. For a\n+0000b1c0: 2064 6973 6b20 7769 7468 2061 204e 6574 disk with a Net\n+0000b1d0: 4253 4420 6469 736b 206c 6162 656c 2c20 BSD disk label, \n+0000b1e0: 7468 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a this is usually.\n+0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 the first p\n+0000b200: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 613a 292e 2020 artition (a:). \n+0000b210: 496e 2074 6861 7420 6361 7365 2c20 616e In that case, an\n+0000b220: 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 d assuming that \n+0000b230: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 the. partiti\n+0000b240: 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 on is on the fir\n+0000b250: 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7365 st hard disk, se\n+0000b260: 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 t GRUB's root de\n+0000b270: 7669 6365 2061 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c vice as. fol\n+0000b280: 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lows:.. \n+0000b290: 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 grub> insmod pa\n+0000b2a0: 7274 5f62 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt_bsd. \n+0000b2b0: 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d grub> set root=\n+0000b2c0: 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a 0a20 (hd0,netbsd1).. \n+0000b2d0: 2020 2020 466f 7220 6120 6469 736b 2077 For a disk w\n+0000b2e0: 6974 6820 6120 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 ith a GUID Parti\n+0000b2f0: 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 tion Table (GPT)\n+0000b300: 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 , and assuming t\n+0000b310: 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 204e 6574 hat the. Net\n+0000b320: 4253 4420 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 BSD root partiti\n+0000b330: 6f6e 2069 7320 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 on is the third \n+0000b340: 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 GPT partition, d\n+0000b350: 6f20 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 o this:.. \n+0000b360: 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 grub> insmod \n+0000b370: 7061 7274 5f67 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 part_gpt. \n+0000b380: 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f grub> set roo\n+0000b390: 743d 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 t=(hd0,gpt3).. \n+0000b3a0: 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 2. Load the kern\n+0000b3b0: 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d el using the com\n+0000b3c0: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 mand ...knetbsd.\n+0000b3d0: 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 ..:.. g\n+0000b3e0: 7275 623e 206b 6e65 7462 7364 202f 6e65 rub> knetbsd /ne\n+0000b3f0: 7462 7364 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 6172 696f tbsd.. Vario\n+0000b400: 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 us options may b\n+0000b410: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e e given to ...kn\n+0000b420: 6574 6273 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 7365 etbsd.... These\n+0000b430: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2c20 666f options are, fo\n+0000b440: 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 r. the most \n+0000b450: 7061 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 part, the same a\n+0000b460: 7320 696e 2074 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 s in the NetBSD \n+0000b470: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 466f boot loader. Fo\n+0000b480: 720a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c r. instance,\n+0000b490: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2073 7973 to boot the sys\n+0000b4a0: 7465 6d20 696e 2073 696e 676c 652d 7573 tem in single-us\n+0000b4b0: 6572 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 7769 7468 er mode and with\n+0000b4c0: 2076 6572 626f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 verbose. me\n+0000b4d0: 7373 6167 6573 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a ssages, do this:\n+0000b4e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n+0000b4f0: 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 > knetbsd /netbs\n+0000b500: 6420 2d73 202d 760a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 d -s -v.. 3. If\n+0000b510: 206e 6565 6465 642c 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 needed, load ke\n+0000b520: 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2077 6974 rnel modules wit\n+0000b530: 6820 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 h the command. \n+0000b540: 2020 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f ...knetbsd_mo\n+0000b550: 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 992e 2020 4120 dule_elf.... A \n+0000b560: 7479 7069 6361 6c20 6578 616d 706c 6520 typical example \n+0000b570: 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f is the module fo\n+0000b580: 7220 7468 6520 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 r the root. \n+0000b590: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 file system:.. \n+0000b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e grub> kn\n+0000b5b0: 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 etbsd_module_elf\n+0000b5c0: 202f 7374 616e 642f 616d 6436 342f 362e /stand/amd64/6.\n+0000b5d0: 302f 6d6f 6475 6c65 732f 6666 732f 6666 0/modules/ffs/ff\n+0000b5e0: 732e 6b6d 6f64 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e s.kmod.. 4. Fin\n+0000b5f0: 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f ally, run the co\n+0000b600: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 mmand ...boot...\n+0000b610: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e (*note boot::).\n+0000b620: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0000b630: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f 532f nfo, Node: DOS/\n+0000b640: 5769 6e64 6f77 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 Windows, Prev: \n+0000b650: 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d NetBSD, Up: OS-\n+0000b660: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a specific notes..\n+0000b670: 352e 342e 3420 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 5.4.4 DOS/Window\n+0000b680: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+0000b690: 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 ---..GRUB cannot\n+0000b6a0: 2062 6f6f 7420 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e boot DOS or Win\n+0000b6b0: 646f 7773 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2073 dows directly, s\n+0000b6c0: 6f20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 2063 6861 696e o you must chain\n+0000b6d0: 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 -load them.(*not\n+0000b6e0: 6520 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a e Chain-loading:\n+0000b6f0: 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 :). However, th\n+0000b700: 6569 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 eir boot loaders\n+0000b710: 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2063 7269 7469 have some criti\n+0000b720: 6361 6c0a 6465 6669 6369 656e 6369 6573 cal.deficiencies\n+0000b730: 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 , so it may not \n+0000b740: 776f 726b 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2063 6861 work to just cha\n+0000b750: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2e20 2054 in-load them. T\n+0000b760: 6f20 6f76 6572 636f 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 o overcome.the p\n+0000b770: 726f 626c 656d 732c 2047 5255 4220 7072 roblems, GRUB pr\n+0000b780: 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 ovides you with \n+0000b790: 7477 6f20 6865 6c70 6572 2066 756e 6374 two helper funct\n+0000b7a0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ions... If you\n+0000b7b0: 2068 6176 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 have installed \n+0000b7c0: 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or Windows)\n+0000b7d0: 206f 6e20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 on a non-first \n+0000b7e0: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 hard disk, you.h\n+0000b7f0: 6176 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 ave to use the d\n+0000b800: 6973 6b20 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2074 6563 isk swapping tec\n+0000b810: 686e 6971 7565 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 hnique, because \n+0000b820: 7468 6174 204f 5320 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 that OS cannot b\n+0000b830: 6f6f 740a 6672 6f6d 2061 6e79 2064 6973 oot.from any dis\n+0000b840: 6b73 2062 7574 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ks but the first\n+0000b850: 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 one. The worka\n+0000b860: 726f 756e 6420 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 round used in GR\n+0000b870: 5542 2069 7320 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e UB is the.comman\n+0000b880: 6420 e280 9864 7269 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 d ...drivemap...\n+0000b890: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 (*note drivemap\n+0000b8a0: 3a3a 292c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a ::), like this:.\n+0000b8b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d . drivemap -\n+0000b8c0: 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 s (hd0) (hd1).. \n+0000b8d0: 2020 5468 6973 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 This performs \n+0000b8e0: 6120 e280 9c76 6972 7475 616c e280 9d20 a ...virtual... \n+0000b8f0: 7377 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2079 6f75 swap between you\n+0000b900: 7220 6669 7273 7420 616e 6420 7365 636f r first and seco\n+0000b910: 6e64 2068 6172 640a 6472 6976 652e 0a0a nd hard.drive...\n+0000b920: 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 *Caution:* Th\n+0000b930: 6973 2069 7320 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 is is effective \n+0000b940: 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 444f 5320 286f 7220 only if DOS (or \n+0000b950: 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2075 7365 7320 4249 Windows) uses BI\n+0000b960: 4f53 2074 6f0a 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 OS to.access the\n+0000b970: 2073 7761 7070 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 swapped disks. \n+0000b980: 2049 6620 7468 6174 204f 5320 7573 6573 If that OS uses\n+0000b990: 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 a special drive\n+0000b9a0: 7220 666f 7220 7468 650a 6469 736b 732c r for the.disks,\n+0000b9b0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 this probably w\n+0000b9c0: 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 on't work... A\n+0000b9d0: 6e6f 7468 6572 2070 726f 626c 656d 2061 nother problem a\n+0000b9e0: 7269 7365 7320 6966 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 rises if you ins\n+0000b9f0: 7461 6c6c 6564 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e talled more than\n+0000ba00: 206f 6e65 2073 6574 206f 660a 444f 532f one set of.DOS/\n+0000ba10: 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 Windows onto one\n+0000ba20: 2064 6973 6b2c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 disk, because t\n+0000ba30: 6865 7920 636f 756c 6420 6265 2063 6f6e hey could be con\n+0000ba40: 6675 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 2061 fused if there a\n+0000ba50: 7265 0a6d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 re.more than one\n+0000ba60: 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 primary partiti\n+0000ba70: 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 444f 532f 5769 6e64 ons for DOS/Wind\n+0000ba80: 6f77 732e 2020 4365 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 ows. Certainly \n+0000ba90: 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 you should.avoid\n+0000baa0: 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 doing this, but\n+0000bab0: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 736f 6c75 there is a solu\n+0000bac0: 7469 6f6e 2069 6620 796f 7520 646f 2077 tion if you do w\n+0000bad0: 616e 7420 746f 2064 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 ant to do so. U\n+0000bae0: 7365 0a74 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e se.the partition\n+0000baf0: 2068 6964 696e 672f 756e 6869 6469 6e67 hiding/unhiding\n+0000bb00: 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 technique... \n+0000bb10: 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c68 6964 6573 If GRUB ...hides\n+0000bb20: e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 ... a DOS (or Wi\n+0000bb30: 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ndows) partition\n+0000bb40: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7274 746f 6f6c (*note parttool\n+0000bb50: 3a3a 292c 2044 4f53 0a28 6f72 2057 696e ::), DOS.(or Win\n+0000bb60: 646f 7773 2920 7769 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 dows) will ignor\n+0000bb70: 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e e the partition.\n+0000bb80: 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 If GRUB ...unh\n+0000bb90: 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f ides... a DOS (o\n+0000bba0: 720a 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 r.Windows) parti\n+0000bbb0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 tion, DOS (or Wi\n+0000bbc0: 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6465 7465 ndows) will dete\n+0000bbd0: 6374 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ct the partition\n+0000bbe0: 2e20 2054 6875 732c 0a69 6620 796f 7520 . Thus,.if you \n+0000bbf0: 6861 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 have installed D\n+0000bc00: 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 OS (or Windows) \n+0000bc10: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 on the first and\n+0000bc20: 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 the second.part\n+0000bc30: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 ition of the fir\n+0000bc40: 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 616e st hard disk, an\n+0000bc50: 6420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f d you want to bo\n+0000bc60: 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 ot the copy on t\n+0000bc70: 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he.first partiti\n+0000bc80: 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f on, do the follo\n+0000bc90: 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 wing:.. part\n+0000bca0: 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3129 2068 6964 tool (hd0,1) hid\n+0000bcb0: 6465 6e2d 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f den-. partto\n+0000bcc0: 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3229 2068 6964 6465 ol (hd0,2) hidde\n+0000bcd0: 6e2b 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 n+. set root\n+0000bce0: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 6368 =(hd0,1). ch\n+0000bcf0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 ainloader +1. \n+0000bd00: 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f parttool ${roo\n+0000bd10: 747d 2062 6f6f 742b 0a20 2020 2020 626f t} boot+. bo\n+0000bd20: 6f74 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ot....File: grub\n+0000bd30: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .info, Node: Co\n+0000bd40: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 nfiguration, Ne\n+0000bd50: 7874 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 xt: Theme file f\n+0000bd60: 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 426f ormat, Prev: Bo\n+0000bd70: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a oting, Up: Top.\n+0000bd80: 0a36 2057 7269 7469 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 .6 Writing your \n+0000bd90: 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f own configuratio\n+0000bda0: 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n file.*********\n 0000bdb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0000bdc0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 7320 ******..GRUB is \n-0000bdd0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2075 7369 6e67 configured using\n-0000bde0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c ...grub.cfg...,\n-0000bdf0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6f63 6174 6564 usually located\n-0000be00: 2075 6e64 6572 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f under .../boot/\n-0000be10: 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a54 6869 7320 6669 grub.....This fi\n-0000be20: 6c65 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 666c 6578 le is quite flex\n-0000be30: 6962 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6d6f 7374 2075 ible, but most u\n-0000be40: 7365 7273 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6e65 sers will not ne\n-0000be50: 6564 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 7468 650a ed to write the.\n-0000be60: 7768 6f6c 6520 7468 696e 6720 6279 2068 whole thing by h\n-0000be70: 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a and...* Menu:..*\n-0000be80: 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple configur\n-0000be90: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ation:: \n-0000bea0: 2020 2052 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2066 Recommended f\n-0000beb0: 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7573 6572 730a 2a20 or most users.* \n-0000bec0: 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 Root Identifcati\n-0000bed0: 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 733a 3a20 on Heuristics:: \n-0000bee0: 2020 5375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f6e 2068 6f77 Summary on how\n-0000bef0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 the root file s\n-0000bf00: 7973 7465 6d20 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6966 ystem is identif\n-0000bf10: 6965 642e 0a2a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b ied..* Shell-lik\n-0000bf20: 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a20 2020 e scripting:: \n-0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2070 6f77 For pow\n-0000bf40: 6572 2075 7365 7273 2061 6e64 2064 6576 er users and dev\n-0000bf50: 656c 6f70 6572 730a 2a20 4d75 6c74 692d elopers.* Multi-\n-0000bf60: 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 boot manual conf\n-0000bf70: 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f 7220 ig:: For \n-0000bf80: 6e6f 6e2d 7374 616e 6461 7264 206d 756c non-standard mul\n-0000bf90: 7469 2d4f 5320 7363 656e 6172 696f 730a ti-OS scenarios.\n-0000bfa0: 2a20 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 * Embedded confi\n-0000bfb0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 guration:: \n-0000bfc0: 2020 2020 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 Embedding a \n-0000bfd0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-0000bfe0: 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a0a 1f0a le into GRUB....\n-0000bff0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0000c000: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 Node: Simple c\n-0000c010: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e onfiguration, N\n-0000c020: 6578 743a 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 ext: Root Identi\n-0000c030: 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 fcation Heuristi\n-0000c040: 6373 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 cs, Up: Configu\n-0000c050: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3120 5369 6d70 ration..6.1 Simp\n-0000c060: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n-0000c070: 2068 616e 646c 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d handling.======\n+0000bdc0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 ************..GR\n+0000bdd0: 5542 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 UB is configured\n+0000bde0: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 using ...grub.c\n+0000bdf0: 6667 e280 992c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c fg..., usually l\n+0000be00: 6f63 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 20e2 8098 ocated under ...\n+0000be10: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a54 /boot/grub.....T\n+0000be20: 6869 7320 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7175 6974 his file is quit\n+0000be30: 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 e flexible, but \n+0000be40: 6d6f 7374 2075 7365 7273 2077 696c 6c20 most users will \n+0000be50: 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7772 6974 not need to writ\n+0000be60: 6520 7468 650a 7768 6f6c 6520 7468 696e e the.whole thin\n+0000be70: 6720 6279 2068 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 g by hand...* Me\n+0000be80: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f nu:..* Simple co\n+0000be90: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 nfiguration:: \n+0000bea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6563 6f6d 6d65 Recomme\n+0000beb0: 6e64 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7573 nded for most us\n+0000bec0: 6572 730a 2a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 ers.* Root Ident\n+0000bed0: 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 ifcation Heurist\n+0000bee0: 6963 733a 3a20 2020 5375 6d6d 6172 7920 ics:: Summary \n+0000bef0: 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 on how the root \n+0000bf00: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6973 2069 file system is i\n+0000bf10: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 642e 0a2a 2053 6865 dentified..* She\n+0000bf20: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n+0000bf30: 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 g:: F\n+0000bf40: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 7273 2061 or power users a\n+0000bf50: 6e64 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 730a 2a20 nd developers.* \n+0000bf60: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n+0000bf70: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 l config:: \n+0000bf80: 2020 466f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 7374 616e 6461 For non-standa\n+0000bf90: 7264 206d 756c 7469 2d4f 5320 7363 656e rd multi-OS scen\n+0000bfa0: 6172 696f 730a 2a20 456d 6265 6464 6564 arios.* Embedded\n+0000bfb0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a configuration::\n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d 6265 6464 Embedd\n+0000bfd0: 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ing a configurat\n+0000bfe0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 ion file into GR\n+0000bff0: 5542 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 UB....File: grub\n+0000c000: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5369 .info, Node: Si\n+0000c010: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n+0000c020: 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6f6f 7420 on, Next: Root \n+0000c030: 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 Identifcation He\n+0000c040: 7572 6973 7469 6373 2c20 2055 703a 2043 uristics, Up: C\n+0000c050: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e onfiguration..6.\n+0000c060: 3120 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 1 Simple configu\n+0000c070: 7261 7469 6f6e 2068 616e 646c 696e 670a ration handling.\n 0000c080: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n-0000c0a0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 program ...grub\n-0000c0b0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e -mkconfig... (*n\n-0000c0c0: 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ote Invoking gru\n-0000c0d0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2920 6765 b-mkconfig::) ge\n-0000c0e0: 6e65 7261 7465 730a e280 9867 7275 622e nerates....grub.\n-0000c0f0: 6366 67e2 8099 2066 696c 6573 2073 7569 cfg... files sui\n-0000c100: 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 table for most c\n-0000c110: 6173 6573 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 7569 ases. It is sui\n-0000c120: 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7768 table for use wh\n-0000c130: 656e 0a75 7067 7261 6469 6e67 2061 2064 en.upgrading a d\n-0000c140: 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 istribution, and\n-0000c150: 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 2061 will discover a\n-0000c160: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 vailable kernels\n-0000c170: 2061 6e64 0a61 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 and.attempt to \n-0000c180: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e generate menu en\n-0000c190: 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d 2e0a tries for them..\n-0000c1a0: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f . ...grub-mkco\n-0000c1b0: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 646f 6573 2068 6176 nfig... does hav\n-0000c1c0: 6520 736f 6d65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f e some limitatio\n-0000c1d0: 6e73 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 2061 6464 696e ns. While addin\n-0000c1e0: 6720 6578 7472 610a 6375 7374 6f6d 206d g extra.custom m\n-0000c1f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 746f 2074 enu entries to t\n-0000c200: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 he end of the li\n-0000c210: 7374 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2062 st can be done b\n-0000c220: 7920 6564 6974 696e 670a e280 982f 6574 y editing..../et\n-0000c230: 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 c/grub.d/40_cust\n-0000c240: 6f6d e280 9920 6f72 2063 7265 6174 696e om... or creatin\n-0000c250: 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f g .../boot/grub/\n-0000c260: 6375 7374 6f6d 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2063 custom.cfg..., c\n-0000c270: 6861 6e67 696e 670a 7468 6520 6f72 6465 hanging.the orde\n-0000c280: 7220 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 r of menu entrie\n-0000c290: 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 s or changing th\n-0000c2a0: 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 206d 6179 2072 eir titles may r\n-0000c2b0: 6571 7569 7265 206d 616b 696e 670a 636f equire making.co\n-0000c2c0: 6d70 6c65 7820 6368 616e 6765 7320 746f mplex changes to\n-0000c2d0: 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 6970 7473 2073 shell scripts s\n-0000c2e0: 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 tored in .../etc\n-0000c2f0: 2f67 7275 622e 642f e280 992e 2020 5468 /grub.d/.... Th\n-0000c300: 6973 206d 6179 2062 650a 696d 7072 6f76 is may be.improv\n-0000c310: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 ed in the future\n-0000c320: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 616e 7469 . In the meanti\n-0000c330: 6d65 2c20 7468 6f73 6520 7768 6f20 6665 me, those who fe\n-0000c340: 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 2077 6f75 6c64 el that it would\n-0000c350: 0a62 6520 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7772 .be easier to wr\n-0000c360: 6974 6520 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 ite ...grub.cfg.\n-0000c370: 8099 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6172 6520 .. directly are \n-0000c380: 656e 636f 7572 6167 6564 2074 6f20 646f encouraged to do\n-0000c390: 2073 6f20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a42 6f6f 7469 so (*note.Booti\n-0000c3a0: 6e67 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 ng::, and *note \n-0000c3b0: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n-0000c3c0: 7469 6e67 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 ting::), and to \n-0000c3d0: 6469 7361 626c 6520 616e 7920 7379 7374 disable any syst\n-0000c3e0: 656d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 em.provided by t\n-0000c3f0: 6865 6972 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f heir distributio\n-0000c400: 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c n to automatical\n-0000c410: 6c79 2072 756e 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ly run ...grub-m\n-0000c420: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 kconfig...... \n-0000c430: 5468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 The file .../etc\n-0000c440: 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 /default/grub...\n-0000c450: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 6f70 controls the op\n-0000c460: 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 0ae2 8098 6772 eration of....gr\n-0000c470: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e20 ub-mkconfig.... \n-0000c480: 2049 7420 6973 2073 6f75 7263 6564 2062 It is sourced b\n-0000c490: 7920 6120 7368 656c 6c20 7363 7269 7074 y a shell script\n-0000c4a0: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206d 7573 7420 6265 , and so must be\n-0000c4b0: 2076 616c 6964 0a50 4f53 4958 2073 6865 valid.POSIX she\n-0000c4c0: 6c6c 2069 6e70 7574 3b20 6e6f 726d 616c ll input; normal\n-0000c4d0: 6c79 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6a75 7374 ly, it will just\n-0000c4e0: 2062 6520 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f be a sequence o\n-0000c4f0: 6620 e280 984b 4559 3d76 616c 7565 e280 f ...KEY=value..\n-0000c500: 990a 6c69 6e65 732c 2062 7574 2069 6620 ..lines, but if \n-0000c510: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 636f 6e74 6169 the value contai\n-0000c520: 6e73 2073 7061 6365 7320 6f72 206f 7468 ns spaces or oth\n-0000c530: 6572 2073 7065 6369 616c 2063 6861 7261 er special chara\n-0000c540: 6374 6572 7320 7468 656e 0a69 7420 6d75 cters then.it mu\n-0000c550: 7374 2062 6520 7175 6f74 6564 2e20 2046 st be quoted. F\n-0000c560: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 or example:.. \n-0000c570: 2020 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f GRUB_TERMINAL_\n-0000c580: 494e 5055 543d 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 INPUT=\"console s\n-0000c590: 6572 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 2056 616c 6964 erial\".. Valid\n-0000c5a0: 206b 6579 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 keys in .../etc\n-0000c5b0: 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 /default/grub...\n-0000c5c0: 2061 7265 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a are as follows:\n-0000c5d0: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c .....GRUB_DEFAUL\n-0000c5e0: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 T.... The de\n-0000c5f0: 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 fault menu entry\n-0000c600: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 . This may be a\n-0000c610: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 number, in whic\n-0000c620: 6820 6361 7365 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 h case it. i\n-0000c630: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 4e74 dentifies the Nt\n-0000c640: 6820 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 2067 h entry in the g\n-0000c650: 656e 6572 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 636f enerated menu co\n-0000c660: 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c unted from zero,\n-0000c670: 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 . or the tit\n-0000c680: 6c65 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 le of a menu ent\n-0000c690: 7279 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 ry, or the speci\n-0000c6a0: 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 e280 9873 6176 al string ...sav\n-0000c6b0: 6564 e280 992e 2020 5573 696e 670a 2020 ed.... Using. \n-0000c6c0: 2020 2074 6865 2069 6420 6d61 7920 6265 the id may be\n-0000c6d0: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 useful if you w\n-0000c6e0: 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2061 206d 656e ant to set a men\n-0000c6f0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6173 2074 6865 2064 u entry as the d\n-0000c700: 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 6576 656e efault. even\n-0000c710: 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 6572 6520 6d61 though there ma\n-0000c720: 7920 6265 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 y be a variable \n-0000c730: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 7472 6965 number of entrie\n-0000c740: 7320 6265 666f 7265 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 s before it... \n-0000c750: 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 For example, \n-0000c760: 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 2020 if you have:.. \n-0000c770: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 menuentry 'Ex\n-0000c780: 616d 706c 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 ample GNU/Linux \n-0000c790: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d distribution' --\n-0000c7a0: 636c 6173 7320 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 class gnu-linux \n-0000c7b0: 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 --id example-gnu\n-0000c7c0: 2d6c 696e 7578 207b 0a20 2020 2020 092e -linux {. ..\n-0000c7d0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 ... }.. \n-0000c7e0: 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b then you can mak\n-0000c7f0: 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 e this the defau\n-0000c800: 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 lt using:.. \n-0000c810: 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c GRUB_DEFAUL\n-0000c820: 543d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 T=example-gnu-li\n-0000c830: 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6576 696f nux.. Previo\n-0000c840: 7573 6c79 2069 7420 7761 7320 646f 6375 usly it was docu\n-0000c850: 6d65 6e74 6564 2074 6865 2077 6179 2074 mented the way t\n-0000c860: 6f20 7573 6520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c o use entry titl\n-0000c870: 652e 2020 5768 696c 650a 2020 2020 2074 e. While. t\n-0000c880: 6869 7320 7374 696c 6c20 776f 726b 7320 his still works \n-0000c890: 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 it's not recomme\n-0000c8a0: 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 2074 6974 6c65 nded since title\n-0000c8b0: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e0a s often contain.\n-0000c8c0: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 7461 626c 6520 6465 unstable de\n-0000c8d0: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2061 6e64 206d vice names and m\n-0000c8e0: 6179 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 ay be translated\n-0000c8f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7365 .. If you se\n-0000c900: 7420 7468 6973 2074 6f20 e280 9873 6176 t this to ...sav\n-0000c910: 6564 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 ed..., then the \n-0000c920: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 default menu ent\n-0000c930: 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 ry will be. \n-0000c940: 7468 6174 2073 6176 6564 2062 7920 e280 that saved by ..\n-0000c950: 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c .GRUB_SAVEDEFAUL\n-0000c960: 54e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d T... or ...grub-\n-0000c970: 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 set-default.... \n-0000c980: 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6965 This. relie\n-0000c990: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e s on the environ\n-0000c9a0: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 ment block, whic\n-0000c9b0: 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 h may not be ava\n-0000c9c0: 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 616c 6c0a 2020 ilable in all. \n-0000c9d0: 2020 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a situations (*\n-0000c9e0: 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 note Environment\n-0000c9f0: 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 block::)... \n-0000ca00: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n-0000ca10: e280 9830 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 ...0.........GRU\n-0000ca20: 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 B_SAVEDEFAULT...\n-0000ca30: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 . If this op\n-0000ca40: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 tion is set to .\n-0000ca50: 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e2c ..true..., then,\n-0000ca60: 2077 6865 6e20 616e 2065 6e74 7279 2069 when an entry i\n-0000ca70: 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 s selected,. \n-0000ca80: 2073 6176 6520 6974 2061 7320 6120 6e65 save it as a ne\n-0000ca90: 7720 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 w default entry \n-0000caa0: 666f 7220 7573 6520 6279 2066 7574 7572 for use by futur\n-0000cab0: 6520 7275 6e73 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 e runs of GRUB. \n-0000cac0: 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f 6e6c This. is onl\n-0000cad0: 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 6620 e280 9847 y useful if ...G\n-0000cae0: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d 7361 7665 RUB_DEFAULT=save\n-0000caf0: 64e2 8099 3b20 6974 2069 7320 6120 7365 d...; it is a se\n-0000cb00: 7061 7261 7465 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 parate option. \n-0000cb10: 2020 2062 6563 6175 7365 20e2 8098 4752 because ...GR\n-0000cb20: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 3d73 6176 6564 UB_DEFAULT=saved\n-0000cb30: e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7769 ... is useful wi\n-0000cb40: 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f thout this optio\n-0000cb50: 6e2c 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6a75 n, in. conju\n-0000cb60: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 nction with ...g\n-0000cb70: 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 rub-set-default.\n-0000cb80: 8099 2e20 2055 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 ... Unset by de\n-0000cb90: 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 fault. This. \n-0000cba0: 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2072 656c 6965 7320 option relies \n-0000cbb0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 on the environme\n-0000cbc0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 nt block, which \n-0000cbd0: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c may not be avail\n-0000cbe0: 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 6c6c able. in all\n-0000cbf0: 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f situations (*no\n-0000cc00: 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 te Environment b\n-0000cc10: 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 lock::)......GRU\n-0000cc20: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 B_TIMEOUT.... \n-0000cc30: 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 Boot the defau\n-0000cc40: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6869 7320 6d61 lt entry this ma\n-0000cc50: 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2061 6674 6572 ny seconds after\n-0000cc60: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a20 2020 the menu is. \n-0000cc70: 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642c 2075 6e6c displayed, unl\n-0000cc80: 6573 7320 6120 6b65 7920 6973 2070 7265 ess a key is pre\n-0000cc90: 7373 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 ssed. The defau\n-0000cca0: 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9835 e280 992e 2020 lt is ...5.... \n-0000ccb0: 5365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9830 Set to. ...0\n-0000ccc0: e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6d65 ... to boot imme\n-0000ccd0: 6469 6174 656c 7920 7769 7468 6f75 7420 diately without \n-0000cce0: 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d displaying the m\n-0000ccf0: 656e 752c 206f 7220 746f 20e2 8098 2d31 enu, or to ...-1\n-0000cd00: e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7761 6974 ... to. wait\n-0000cd10: 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a indefinitely...\n-0000cd20: 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f If ...GRUB_\n-0000cd30: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 TIMEOUT_STYLE...\n-0000cd40: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f is set to ...co\n-0000cd50: 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 untdown... or ..\n-0000cd60: 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 650a .hidden..., the.\n-0000cd70: 2020 2020 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 timeout is \n-0000cd80: 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 instead counted \n-0000cd90: 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 before the menu \n-0000cda0: 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0ae2 is displayed....\n-0000cdb0: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n-0000cdc0: 5459 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 TYLE.... If \n-0000cdd0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 this option is u\n-0000cde0: 6e73 6574 206f 7220 7365 7420 746f 20e2 nset or set to .\n-0000cdf0: 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 ..menu..., then \n-0000ce00: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 GRUB will displa\n-0000ce10: 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 y. the menu \n-0000ce20: 616e 6420 7468 656e 2077 6169 7420 666f and then wait fo\n-0000ce30: 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 r the timeout se\n-0000ce40: 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d t by ...GRUB_TIM\n-0000ce50: 454f 5554 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 EOUT... to. \n-0000ce60: 6578 7069 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f expire before bo\n-0000ce70: 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c oting the defaul\n-0000ce80: 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 5072 6573 7369 t entry. Pressi\n-0000ce90: 6e67 2061 206b 6579 2069 6e74 6572 7275 ng a key interru\n-0000cea0: 7074 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 696d pts. the tim\n-0000ceb0: 656f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 eout... If t\n-0000cec0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n-0000ced0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 t to ...countdow\n-0000cee0: 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 n... or ...hidde\n-0000cef0: 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 6265 666f n..., then, befo\n-0000cf00: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7969 re. displayi\n-0000cf10: 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2047 5255 ng the menu, GRU\n-0000cf20: 4220 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 B will wait for \n-0000cf30: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 the timeout set \n-0000cf40: 6279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f by. ...GRUB_\n-0000cf50: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 6578 TIMEOUT... to ex\n-0000cf60: 7069 7265 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 5343 3e20 pire. If \n-0000cf70: 6f72 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 6573 or are pres\n-0000cf80: 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e0a sed, or .\n-0000cf90: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 is held dow\n-0000cfa0: 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7469 n during that ti\n-0000cfb0: 6d65 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 me, it will disp\n-0000cfc0: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 lay the menu and\n-0000cfd0: 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 wait. for i\n-0000cfe0: 6e70 7574 2e20 2049 6620 6120 686f 746b nput. If a hotk\n-0000cff0: 6579 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 ey associated wi\n-0000d000: 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 th a menu entry \n-0000d010: 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6974 0a20 is pressed, it. \n-0000d020: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 will boot th\n-0000d030: 6520 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 206d 656e e associated men\n-0000d040: 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 u entry immediat\n-0000d050: 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 696d ely. If the tim\n-0000d060: 656f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 eout. expire\n-0000d070: 7320 6265 666f 7265 2065 6974 6865 7220 s before either \n-0000d080: 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 6e73 of these happens\n-0000d090: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 , it will boot t\n-0000d0a0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 he default. \n-0000d0b0: 656e 7472 792e 2020 496e 2074 6865 20e2 entry. In the .\n-0000d0c0: 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2063 ..countdown... c\n-0000d0d0: 6173 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2073 686f ase, it will sho\n-0000d0e0: 7720 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e64 w a one-line ind\n-0000d0f0: 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 ication. of \n-0000d100: 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 the remaining ti\n-0000d110: 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 me......GRUB_DEF\n-0000d120: 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 AULT_BUTTON.....\n-0000d130: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_B\n-0000d140: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 UTTON.......GRUB\n-0000d150: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 _TIMEOUT_STYLE_B\n-0000d160: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 UTTON.......GRUB\n-0000d170: 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 _BUTTON_CMOS_ADD\n-0000d180: 5245 5353 e280 990a 2020 2020 2056 6172 RESS.... Var\n-0000d190: 6961 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 iants of the cor\n-0000d1a0: 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2076 6172 6961 responding varia\n-0000d1b0: 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 bles without the\n-0000d1c0: 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 ..._BUTTON.... \n-0000d1d0: 2020 2020 7375 6666 6978 2c20 7573 6564 suffix, used\n-0000d1e0: 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 to support vend\n-0000d1f0: 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 706f 7765 or-specific powe\n-0000d200: 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 r buttons. *Not\n-0000d210: 650a 2020 2020 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f e. Vendor po\n-0000d220: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a wer-on keys::...\n-0000d230: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5354 5249 4255 ...GRUB_DISTRIBU\n-0000d240: 544f 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 TOR.... Set \n-0000d250: 6279 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6f72 7320 by distributors \n-0000d260: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 6972 of GRUB to their\n-0000d270: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 206e 616d identifying nam\n-0000d280: 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 2020 2020 e. This is. \n-0000d290: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 used to generat\n-0000d2a0: 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 e more informati\n-0000d2b0: 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 ve menu entry ti\n-0000d2c0: 746c 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 tles......GRUB_T\n-0000d2d0: 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 ERMINAL_INPUT...\n-0000d2e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 . Select the\n-0000d2f0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 terminal input \n-0000d300: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 device. You may\n-0000d310: 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 select multiple\n-0000d320: 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6865 devices. he\n-0000d330: 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 re, separated by\n-0000d340: 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 spaces... V\n-0000d350: 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e alid terminal in\n-0000d360: 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 put names depend\n-0000d370: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d on the platform\n-0000d380: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 , but may includ\n-0000d390: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c e. ...consol\n-0000d3a0: 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 e... (native pla\n-0000d3b0: 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 tform console), \n-0000d3c0: e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 ...serial... (se\n-0000d3d0: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a rial terminal),.\n-0000d3e0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c ...serial_<\n-0000d3f0: 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c port>... (serial\n-0000d400: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 terminal with e\n-0000d410: 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c xplicit port sel\n-0000d420: 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ection),. ..\n-0000d430: 9861 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 .at_keyboard... \n-0000d440: 2850 4320 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6429 (PC AT keyboard)\n-0000d450: 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 7573 625f 6b65 7962 , or ...usb_keyb\n-0000d460: 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2855 5342 206b 6579 oard... (USB key\n-0000d470: 626f 6172 640a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 board. using\n-0000d480: 2074 6865 2048 4944 2042 6f6f 7420 5072 the HID Boot Pr\n-0000d490: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 666f 7220 6361 7365 otocol, for case\n-0000d4a0: 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6669 726d s where the firm\n-0000d4b0: 7761 7265 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 ware does not. \n-0000d4c0: 2020 2068 616e 646c 6520 7468 6973 292e handle this).\n-0000d4d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 .. The defau\n-0000d4e0: 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 lt is to use the\n-0000d4f0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 platform's nati\n-0000d500: 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 ve terminal inpu\n-0000d510: 742e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d t......GRUB_TERM\n-0000d520: 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 INAL_OUTPUT.... \n-0000d530: 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 Select the t\n-0000d540: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2064 erminal output d\n-0000d550: 6576 6963 652e 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 evice. You may \n-0000d560: 7365 6c65 6374 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 select multiple \n-0000d570: 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 2068 6572 devices. her\n-0000d580: 652c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e, separated by \n-0000d590: 7370 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5661 spaces... Va\n-0000d5a0: 6c69 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 lid terminal out\n-0000d5b0: 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 put names depend\n-0000d5c0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d on the platform\n-0000d5d0: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 , but may includ\n-0000d5e0: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c e. ...consol\n-0000d5f0: 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 e... (native pla\n-0000d600: 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 tform console), \n-0000d610: e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 ...serial... (se\n-0000d620: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a rial terminal),.\n-0000d630: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c ...serial_<\n-0000d640: 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c port>... (serial\n-0000d650: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 terminal with e\n-0000d660: 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c xplicit port sel\n-0000d670: 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ection),. ..\n-0000d680: 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 2867 7261 .gfxterm... (gra\n-0000d690: 7068 6963 732d 6d6f 6465 206f 7574 7075 phics-mode outpu\n-0000d6a0: 7429 2c20 e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 t), ...vga_text.\n-0000d6b0: 8099 2028 5647 4120 7465 7874 206f 7574 .. (VGA text out\n-0000d6c0: 7075 7429 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 put),. ...md\n-0000d6d0: 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 284d 4441 2074 a_text... (MDA t\n-0000d6e0: 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 292c 20e2 8098 ext output), ...\n-0000d6f0: 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2028 4d6f 7273 652d morse... (Morse-\n-0000d700: 636f 6469 6e67 2075 7369 6e67 2073 7973 coding using sys\n-0000d710: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2062 6565 7065 7229 tem. beeper)\n-0000d720: 206f 7220 e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 or ...spkmodem.\n-0000d730: 8099 2028 7369 6d70 6c65 2064 6174 6120 .. (simple data \n-0000d740: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2075 7369 6e67 2073 protocol using s\n-0000d750: 7973 7465 6d20 7370 6561 6b65 7229 2e0a ystem speaker)..\n-0000d760: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 . ...spkmode\n-0000d770: 6de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c 2077 m... is useful w\n-0000d780: 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f hen no serial po\n-0000d790: 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e rt is available.\n-0000d7a0: 2020 436f 6e6e 6563 7420 7468 650a 2020 Connect the. \n-0000d7b0: 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2073 656e output of sen\n-0000d7c0: 6469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2877 6865 ding system (whe\n-0000d7d0: 7265 2047 5255 4220 6973 2072 756e 6e69 re GRUB is runni\n-0000d7e0: 6e67 2920 746f 206c 696e 652d 696e 206f ng) to line-in o\n-0000d7f0: 660a 2020 2020 2072 6563 6569 7669 6e67 f. receiving\n-0000d800: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 system (usually\n-0000d810: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 206d 6163 6869 developer machi\n-0000d820: 6e65 292e 2020 4f6e 2072 6563 6569 7669 ne). On receivi\n-0000d830: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2063 ng system. c\n-0000d840: 6f6d 7069 6c65 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 ompile ...spkmod\n-0000d850: 656d 2d72 6563 76e2 8099 2066 726f 6d20 em-recv... from \n-0000d860: e280 9875 7469 6c2f 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d ...util/spkmodem\n-0000d870: 2d72 6563 762e 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 -recv.c... and r\n-0000d880: 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 un:.. p\n-0000d890: 6172 6563 6f72 6420 2d2d 6368 616e 6e65 arecord --channe\n-0000d8a0: 6c73 3d31 202d 2d72 6174 653d 3438 3030 ls=1 --rate=4800\n-0000d8b0: 3020 2d2d 666f 726d 6174 3d73 3136 6c65 0 --format=s16le\n-0000d8c0: 207c 202e 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 | ./spkmodem-re\n-0000d8d0: 6376 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 cv.. The def\n-0000d8e0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 ault is to use t\n-0000d8f0: 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 he platform's na\n-0000d900: 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 tive terminal ou\n-0000d910: 7470 7574 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 tput......GRUB_T\n-0000d920: 4552 4d49 4e41 4ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ERMINAL.... \n-0000d930: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n-0000d940: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 s set, it overri\n-0000d950: 6465 7320 626f 7468 20e2 8098 4752 5542 des both ...GRUB\n-0000d960: 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 _TERMINAL_INPUT.\n-0000d970: 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 .. and. ...G\n-0000d980: 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 RUB_TERMINAL_OUT\n-0000d990: 5055 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7361 PUT... to the sa\n-0000d9a0: 6d65 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 me value......GR\n-0000d9b0: 5542 5f53 4552 4941 4c5f 434f 4d4d 414e UB_SERIAL_COMMAN\n-0000d9c0: 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4120 636f 6d6d D.... A comm\n-0000d9d0: 616e 6420 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 and to configure\n-0000d9e0: 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 the serial port\n-0000d9f0: 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 when using the \n-0000da00: 7365 7269 616c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 serial. cons\n-0000da10: 6f6c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 7365 7269 ole. *Note seri\n-0000da20: 616c 3a3a 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 al::. Defaults \n-0000da30: 746f 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c e280 992e to ...serial....\n-0000da40: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e .....GRUB_CMDLIN\n-0000da50: 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 E_LINUX.... \n-0000da60: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 Command-line arg\n-0000da70: 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f uments to add to\n-0000da80: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f menu entries fo\n-0000da90: 7220 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e r the Linux kern\n-0000daa0: 656c 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 el......GRUB_CMD\n-0000dab0: 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 LINE_LINUX_DEFAU\n-0000dac0: 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 6573 LT.... Unles\n-0000dad0: 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c s ...GRUB_DISABL\n-0000dae0: 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 e280 9920 6973 E_RECOVERY... is\n-0000daf0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 set to ...true.\n-0000db00: 8099 2c20 7477 6f20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 .., two menu ent\n-0000db10: 7269 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 ries. will b\n-0000db20: 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 666f 7220 e generated for \n-0000db30: 6561 6368 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 each Linux kerne\n-0000db40: 6c3a 206f 6e65 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 l: one default e\n-0000db50: 6e74 7279 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 ntry and one. \n-0000db60: 2020 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 7265 636f entry for reco\n-0000db70: 7665 7279 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5468 6973 very mode. This\n-0000db80: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6c69 7374 7320 636f option lists co\n-0000db90: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 756d mmand-line argum\n-0000dba0: 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2061 6464 ents. to add\n-0000dbb0: 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 only to the def\n-0000dbc0: 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c ault menu entry,\n-0000dbd0: 2061 6674 6572 2074 686f 7365 206c 6973 after those lis\n-0000dbe0: 7465 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 ted in. ...G\n-0000dbf0: 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_CMDLINE_LINU\n-0000dc00: 58e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 X.........GRUB_C\n-0000dc10: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f52 4543 MDLINE_LINUX_REC\n-0000dc20: 4f56 4552 59e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 556e OVERY.... Un\n-0000dc30: 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 less ...GRUB_DIS\n-0000dc40: 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 8099 ABLE_RECOVERY...\n-0000dc50: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 is set to ...tr\n-0000dc60: 7565 e280 992c 2074 776f 206d 656e 7520 ue..., two menu \n-0000dc70: 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c entries. wil\n-0000dc80: 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2066 l be generated f\n-0000dc90: 6f72 2065 6163 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 or each Linux ke\n-0000dca0: 726e 656c 3a20 6f6e 6520 6465 6661 756c rnel: one defaul\n-0000dcb0: 7420 656e 7472 7920 616e 6420 6f6e 650a t entry and one.\n-0000dcc0: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2072 entry for r\n-0000dcd0: 6563 6f76 6572 7920 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 ecovery mode. T\n-0000dce0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 7473 his option lists\n-0000dcf0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6172 command-line ar\n-0000dd00: 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 guments. to \n-0000dd10: 6164 6420 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 6520 add only to the \n-0000dd20: 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 656e 7520 656e recovery menu en\n-0000dd30: 7472 792c 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6f73 try, before thos\n-0000dd40: 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 e listed in. \n-0000dd50: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 ...GRUB_CMDLINE\n-0000dd60: 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 992e 2020 5468 6520 _LINUX.... The \n-0000dd70: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 7369 default is ...si\n-0000dd80: 6e67 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 ngle.........GRU\n-0000dd90: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 B_CMDLINE_NETBSD\n-0000dda0: e280 990a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c .......GRUB_CMDL\n-0000ddb0: 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 5f44 4546 4155 INE_NETBSD_DEFAU\n-0000ddc0: 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 2041 7320 e280 LT.... As ..\n-0000ddd0: 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 .GRUB_CMDLINE_LI\n-0000dde0: 4e55 58e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 NUX... and ...GR\n-0000ddf0: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_CMDLINE_LINUX\n-0000de00: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 992c 2062 7574 _DEFAULT..., but\n-0000de10: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 7442 5344 for. 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If. prov\n-0000e090: 6964 6564 2c20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 ided, the image \n-0000e0a0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 specified will b\n-0000e0b0: 6520 6d61 6465 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2d6c e made the top-l\n-0000e0c0: 6576 656c 2065 6e74 7279 2069 660a 2020 evel entry if. \n-0000e0d0: 2020 2069 7420 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 it is found i\n-0000e0e0: 6e20 7468 6520 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 n the scan......\n-0000e0f0: 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c 5f4f GRUB_TOP_LEVEL_O\n-0000e100: 535f 5052 4f42 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 S_PROBER.... \n-0000e110: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f This option sho\n-0000e120: 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 uld be a line of\n-0000e130: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 output from ...\n-0000e140: 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2e20 2041 os-prober.... 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This is\n-0000e660: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 7265 usually more re\n-0000e670: 6c69 6162 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 696e 2073 liable, but in s\n-0000e680: 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 6974 206d 6179 ome cases it may\n-0000e690: 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7070 . not be app\n-0000e6a0: 726f 7072 6961 7465 2e20 2054 6f20 6469 ropriate. To di\n-0000e6b0: 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 sable the use of\n-0000e6c0: 2055 5549 4473 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 UUIDs, set this\n-0000e6d0: 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 option. to \n-0000e6e0: e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ...true.........\n-0000e6f0: 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e GRUB_DISABLE_LIN\n-0000e700: 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 0a20 UX_PARTUUID.... \n-0000e710: 2020 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d If ...grub-m\n-0000e720: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e 6e6f kconfig... canno\n-0000e730: 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 t identify the r\n-0000e740: 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2076 oot filesystem v\n-0000e750: 6961 2069 7473 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 ia its. univ\n-0000e760: 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 ersally-unique i\n-0000e770: 6e64 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 5555 4944 ndentifier (UUID\n-0000e780: 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e ), ...grub-mkcon\n-0000e790: 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 fig... can use t\n-0000e7a0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 206f 6620 he. UUID of \n-0000e7b0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 636f the partition co\n-0000e7c0: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2066 696c ntaining the fil\n-0000e7d0: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2069 6465 6e74 esystem to ident\n-0000e7e0: 6966 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6f6f ify the. roo\n-0000e7f0: 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 t filesystem to \n-0000e800: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c the Linux kernel\n-0000e810: 2076 6961 2061 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d50 via a ...root=P\n-0000e820: 4152 5455 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 0a20 ARTUUID=....... \n-0000e830: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2070 6172 616d kernel param\n-0000e840: 6574 6572 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e eter. This is n\n-0000e850: 6f74 2061 7320 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2061 ot as reliable a\n-0000e860: 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 6c65 s using the file\n-0000e870: 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 system. 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When.\n-0000e8c0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 ...GRUB_DIS\n-0000e8d0: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 ABLE_LINUX_PARTU\n-0000e8e0: 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f UID... is set to\n-0000e8f0: 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 ...false..., th\n-0000e900: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 e Linux kernel. \n-0000e910: 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6d75 7374 version must\n-0000e920: 2062 6520 322e 362e 3337 2028 332e 3130 be 2.6.37 (3.10\n-0000e930: 2066 6f72 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2075 7369 for systems usi\n-0000e940: 6e67 2074 6865 204d 5344 4f53 2070 6172 ng the MSDOS par\n-0000e950: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 6865 tition. sche\n-0000e960: 6d65 2920 6f72 206e 6577 6572 2e20 2054 me) or newer. T\n-0000e970: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 6175 his option defau\n-0000e980: 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 lts to ...true..\n-0000e990: 992e 2020 546f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7468 .. 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If yo\n-0000ede0: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6f76 6572 7269 u need to overri\n-0000edf0: 6465 2074 6869 7320 666f 720a 2020 2020 de this for. \n-0000ee00: 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2c20 7468 some reason, th\n-0000ee10: 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 en you can set t\n-0000ee20: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 his option... \n-0000ee30: 2020 4166 7465 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d After ...grub-\n-0000ee40: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2068 6173 2062 install... has b\n-0000ee50: 6565 6e20 7275 6e2c 2074 6865 2061 7661 een run, the ava\n-0000ee60: 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 ilable video dri\n-0000ee70: 7665 7273 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 vers are. li\n-0000ee80: 7374 6564 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 sted in .../boot\n-0000ee90: 2f67 7275 622f 7669 6465 6f2e 6c73 74e2 /grub/video.lst.\n-0000eea0: 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 ........GRUB_GFX\n-0000eeb0: 4d4f 4445 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 MODE.... 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The default \n-0000efc0: 6973 20e2 8098 6175 746f e280 992c 2077 is ...auto..., w\n-0000efd0: 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7472 6965 7320 hich. tries \n-0000efe0: 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 6120 7072 6566 to select a pref\n-0000eff0: 6572 7265 6420 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e erred resolution\n-0000f000: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 . *Note gfxmode\n-0000f010: 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 4143 ::......GRUB_BAC\n-0000f020: 4b47 524f 554e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 KGROUND.... \n-0000f030: 5365 7420 6120 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 Set a background\n-0000f040: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2077 image for use w\n-0000f050: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 ith the ...gfxte\n-0000f060: 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c0a rm... graphical.\n-0000f070: 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 terminal. \n-0000f080: 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 The value of thi\n-0000f090: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 7573 7420 6265 s option must be\n-0000f0a0: 2061 2066 696c 6520 7265 6164 6162 6c65 a file readable\n-0000f0b0: 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 6174 by GRUB. at\n-0000f0c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 616e 6420 boot time, and \n-0000f0d0: 6974 206d 7573 7420 656e 6420 7769 7468 it must end with\n-0000f0e0: 20e2 8098 2e70 6e67 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ....png..., ...\n-0000f0f0: 2e74 6761 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2e6a 7067 .tga..., ....jpg\n-0000f100: e280 992c 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ..., or. ...\n-0000f110: 2e6a 7065 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 2069 .jpeg.... 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D\n-0000f380: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 796f 7572 epending on your\n-0000f390: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 6469 kernel, your di\n-0000f3a0: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 stribution, your\n-0000f3b0: 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2c0a graphics card,.\n-0000f3c0: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6861 and the pha\n-0000f3d0: 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 se of the moon, \n-0000f3e0: 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7573 696e 6720 note that using \n-0000f3f0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 this option may \n-0000f400: 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2f4c cause. GNU/L\n-0000f410: 696e 7578 2074 6f20 7375 6666 6572 2066 inux to suffer f\n-0000f420: 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6469 7370 rom various disp\n-0000f430: 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 lay problems, pa\n-0000f440: 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 rticularly. \n-0000f450: 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6172 6c79 during the early\n-0000f460: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f part of the boo\n-0000f470: 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 2049 6620 t sequence. If \n-0000f480: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 726f 626c 656d you have problem\n-0000f490: 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 s,. set this\n-0000f4a0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 7465 option to ...te\n-0000f4b0: 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 xt... and GRUB w\n-0000f4c0: 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 ill tell Linux t\n-0000f4d0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 206e o boot in. n\n-0000f4e0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e ormal text mode.\n-0000f4f0: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c .....GRUB_DISABL\n-0000f500: 455f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 E_OS_PROBER.... \n-0000f510: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d The ...grub-\n-0000f520: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6861 7320 mkconfig... has \n-0000f530: 6120 6665 6174 7572 6520 746f 2075 7365 a feature to use\n-0000f540: 2074 6865 2065 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 e280 the external ..\n-0000f550: 986f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 e280 990a 2020 .os-prober.... \n-0000f560: 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d 2074 6f20 6469 program to di\n-0000f570: 7363 6f76 6572 206f 7468 6572 206f 7065 scover other ope\n-0000f580: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2069 rating systems i\n-0000f590: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 nstalled on the \n-0000f5a0: 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e same. machin\n-0000f5b0: 6520 616e 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 e and generate a\n-0000f5c0: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 206d 656e 7520 ppropriate menu \n-0000f5d0: 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d entries for them\n-0000f5e0: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 . 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No\n-0000f7c0: 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d rmally, ...grub-\n-0000f7d0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c mkconfig... will\n-0000f7e0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 746f 7020 6c65 generate top le\n-0000f7f0: 7665 6c20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2066 vel menu entry f\n-0000f800: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 726e or. the kern\n-0000f810: 656c 2077 6974 6820 6869 6768 6573 7420 el with highest \n-0000f820: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 version number a\n-0000f830: 6e64 2070 7574 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 nd put all other\n-0000f840: 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e found. kern\n-0000f850: 656c 7320 6f72 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 els or alternati\n-0000f860: 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 ve menu entries \n-0000f870: 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 for recovery mod\n-0000f880: 6520 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e0a 2020 e in submenu.. \n-0000f890: 2020 2046 6f72 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2072 For entries r\n-0000f8a0: 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6f73 eturned by ...os\n-0000f8b0: 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2066 6972 7374 -prober... first\n-0000f8c0: 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 entry will be p\n-0000f8d0: 7574 206f 6e20 746f 700a 2020 2020 206c ut on top. l\n-0000f8e0: 6576 656c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 evel and all oth\n-0000f8f0: 6572 7320 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 ers in submenu. \n-0000f900: 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If this option \n-0000f910: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 is set to ...tru\n-0000f920: 65e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 2066 6c61 7420 e...,. flat \n-0000f930: 6d65 6e75 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 656e menu with all en\n-0000f940: 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6f70 206c 6576 tries on top lev\n-0000f950: 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 el will be gener\n-0000f960: 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 ated instead.. \n-0000f970: 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6973 Changing this\n-0000f980: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2072 6571 option will req\n-0000f990: 7569 7265 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 6578 uire changing ex\n-0000f9a0: 6973 7469 6e67 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 isting values of\n-0000f9b0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 . ...GRUB_DE\n-0000f9c0: 4641 554c 54e2 8099 2c20 e280 9866 616c FAULT..., ...fal\n-0000f9d0: 6c62 6163 6be2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 lback... 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If set to \n-0000fac0: e280 9879 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ...y..., ...grub\n-0000fad0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 -mkconfig... and\n-0000fae0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n-0000faf0: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2063 6865 636b 2066 ... will check f\n-0000fb00: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 or. encrypte\n-0000fb10: 6420 6469 736b 7320 616e 6420 6765 6e65 d disks and gene\n-0000fb20: 7261 7465 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 rate additional \n-0000fb30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206e 6565 6465 6420 commands needed \n-0000fb40: 746f 2061 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 2074 to access. t\n-0000fb50: 6865 6d20 6475 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 742e hem during boot.\n-0000fb60: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 696e 2074 Note that in t\n-0000fb70: 6869 7320 6361 7365 2075 6e61 7474 656e his case unatten\n-0000fb80: 6465 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6e6f 740a ded boot is not.\n-0000fb90: 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 6265 possible be\n-0000fba0: 6361 7573 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 cause GRUB will \n-0000fbb0: 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7370 6872 wait for passphr\n-0000fbc0: 6173 6520 746f 2075 6e6c 6f63 6b20 656e ase to unlock en\n-0000fbd0: 6372 7970 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e crypted. con\n-0000fbe0: 7461 696e 6572 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 tainer......GRUB\n-0000fbf0: 5f49 4e49 545f 5455 4e45 e280 990a 2020 _INIT_TUNE.... \n-0000fc00: 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 206f Play a tune o\n-0000fc10: 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6561 6b65 7220 7768 n the speaker wh\n-0000fc20: 656e 2047 5255 4220 7374 6172 7473 2e20 en GRUB starts. \n-0000fc30: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2070 6172 7469 6375 This is particu\n-0000fc40: 6c61 726c 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 larly. usefu\n-0000fc50: 6c20 666f 7220 7573 6572 7320 756e 6162 l for users unab\n-0000fc60: 6c65 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7468 6520 7363 le to see the sc\n-0000fc70: 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 reen. The value\n-0000fc80: 206f 6620 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 of this. op\n-0000fc90: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2064 tion is passed d\n-0000fca0: 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f 202a 6e6f 7465 irectly to *note\n-0000fcb0: 2070 6c61 793a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 play::......GRU\n-0000fcc0: 425f 4241 4452 414d e280 990a 2020 2020 B_BADRAM.... \n-0000fcd0: 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If this option \n-0000fce0: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c is set, GRUB wil\n-0000fcf0: 6c20 6973 7375 6520 6120 2a6e 6f74 6520 l issue a *note \n-0000fd00: 6261 6472 616d 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 badram:: command\n-0000fd10: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 7465 7220 to. filter \n-0000fd20: 6f75 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 out specified re\n-0000fd30: 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 2052 414d 2e0a 0ae2 gions of RAM....\n-0000fd40: 8098 4752 5542 5f50 5245 4c4f 4144 5f4d ..GRUB_PRELOAD_M\n-0000fd50: 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ODULES.... T\n-0000fd60: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 his option may b\n-0000fd70: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 e set to a list \n-0000fd80: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 206e of GRUB module n\n-0000fd90: 616d 6573 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ames separated b\n-0000fda0: 790a 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 732e 2020 y. spaces. \n-0000fdb0: 4561 6368 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7769 6c6c Each module will\n-0000fdc0: 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7320 6561 be loaded as ea\n-0000fdd0: 726c 7920 6173 2070 6f73 7369 626c 652c rly as possible,\n-0000fde0: 2061 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 7461 at the. sta\n-0000fdf0: 7274 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 rt of ...grub.cf\n-0000fe00: 67e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f52 g.........GRUB_R\n-0000fe10: 4543 4f52 4446 4149 4c5f 5449 4d45 4f55 ECORDFAIL_TIMEOU\n-0000fe20: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 T.... If thi\n-0000fe30: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c s option is set,\n-0000fe40: 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 it overrides th\n-0000fe50: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7265 636f 7264 e default record\n-0000fe60: 6661 696c 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2e0a 2020 fail setting.. \n-0000fe70: 2020 2041 2073 6574 7469 6e67 206f 6620 A setting of \n-0000fe80: 2d31 2063 6175 7365 7320 4752 5542 2074 -1 causes GRUB t\n-0000fe90: 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7220 o wait for user \n-0000fea0: 696e 7075 7420 696e 6465 6669 6e69 7465 input indefinite\n-0000feb0: 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 ly.. However\n-0000fec0: 2c20 6120 6661 6c73 6520 706f 7369 7469 , a false positi\n-0000fed0: 7665 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7265 636f 7264 ve in the record\n-0000fee0: 6661 696c 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 206d fail mechanism m\n-0000fef0: 6179 206f 6363 7572 2069 660a 2020 2020 ay occur if. \n-0000ff00: 2070 6f77 6572 2069 7320 6c6f 7374 2064 power is lost d\n-0000ff10: 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2062 6566 6f72 uring boot befor\n-0000ff20: 6520 626f 6f74 2073 7563 6365 7373 2069 e boot success i\n-0000ff30: 7320 7265 636f 7264 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 s recorded in. \n-0000ff40: 2020 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2e20 2054 userspace. T\n-0000ff50: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6574 7469 he default setti\n-0000ff60: 6e67 2069 7320 3330 2c20 7768 6963 6820 ng is 30, which \n-0000ff70: 6361 7573 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 causes GRUB to w\n-0000ff80: 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2075 7365 ait. for use\n-0000ff90: 7220 696e 7075 7420 666f 7220 7468 6972 r input for thir\n-0000ffa0: 7479 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 ty seconds befor\n-0000ffb0: 6520 636f 6e74 696e 7569 6e67 2e20 2054 e continuing. T\n-0000ffc0: 6869 7320 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 his default. \n-0000ffd0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 696e 7465 7261 6374 allows interact\n-0000ffe0: 6976 6520 7573 6572 7320 7468 6520 6f70 ive users the op\n-0000fff0: 706f 7274 756e 6974 7920 746f 2073 7769 portunity to swi\n-00010000: 7463 6820 746f 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 tch to a differe\n-00010010: 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 nt,. working\n-00010020: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2077 6869 6c65 2061 kernel, while a\n-00010030: 766f 6964 696e 6720 6120 6661 6c73 6520 voiding a false \n-00010040: 706f 7369 7469 7665 2063 6175 7369 6e67 positive causing\n-00010050: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 746f 0a20 2020 the boot to. \n-00010060: 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 696e 6465 6669 6e69 block indefini\n-00010070: 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 6865 6164 6c65 7373 tely on headless\n-00010080: 2061 6e64 2061 7070 6c69 616e 6365 2073 and appliance s\n-00010090: 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2061 6363 ystems where acc\n-000100a0: 6573 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6120 636f ess. to a co\n-000100b0: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6973 2072 6573 7472 6963 nsole is restric\n-000100c0: 7465 6420 6f72 206c 696d 6974 6564 2e0a ted or limited..\n-000100d0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f . This optio\n-000100e0: 6e20 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6566 6665 6374 n is only effect\n-000100f0: 6976 6520 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7761 ive when GRUB wa\n-00010100: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 6974 s configured wit\n-00010110: 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d h the. ...--\n-00010120: 656e 6162 6c65 2d71 7569 636b 2d62 6f6f enable-quick-boo\n-00010130: 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a e280 t... option.....\n-00010140: 9847 5255 425f 5245 434f 5645 5259 5f54 .GRUB_RECOVERY_T\n-00010150: 4954 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 ITLE.... Thi\n-00010160: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 6574 7320 7468 s option sets th\n-00010170: 6520 456e 676c 6973 6820 7465 7874 206f e English text o\n-00010180: 6620 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 2074 6861 f the string tha\n-00010190: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2064 t will be. d\n-000101a0: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2069 6e20 7061 7265 isplayed in pare\n-000101b0: 6e74 6865 7365 7320 746f 2069 6e64 6963 ntheses to indic\n-000101c0: 6174 6520 7468 6174 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 ate that a boot \n-000101d0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7072 6f76 6964 option is provid\n-000101e0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2068 656c 7020 ed. to help \n-000101f0: 7573 6572 7320 7265 636f 7665 7220 6120 users recover a \n-00010200: 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 broken system. \n-00010210: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 The default is \"\n-00010220: 7265 636f 7665 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f recovery. mo\n-00010230: 6465 222e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6c de\"... The fol\n-00010240: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 lowing options a\n-00010250: 7265 2073 7469 6c6c 2061 6363 6570 7465 re still accepte\n-00010260: 6420 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c d for compatibil\n-00010270: 6974 7920 7769 7468 0a65 7869 7374 696e ity with.existin\n-00010280: 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 g configurations\n-00010290: 2c20 6275 7420 6861 7665 2062 6574 7465 , but have bette\n-000102a0: 7220 7265 706c 6163 656d 656e 7473 3a0a r replacements:.\n-000102b0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f ....GRUB_HIDDEN_\n-000102c0: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 TIMEOUT.... \n-000102d0: 5761 6974 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 Wait this many s\n-000102e0: 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6469 econds before di\n-000102f0: 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e splaying the men\n-00010300: 752e 2020 4966 203c 4553 433e 206f 720a u. If or.\n-00010310: 2020 2020 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 are pr\n-00010320: 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 essed, or is held down d\n-00010340: 7572 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 696d 652c uring that time,\n-00010350: 2064 6973 706c 6179 0a20 2020 2020 7468 display. th\n-00010360: 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 7420 e menu and wait \n-00010370: 666f 7220 696e 7075 7420 6163 636f 7264 for input accord\n-00010380: 696e 6720 746f 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 ing to ...GRUB_T\n-00010390: 494d 454f 5554 e280 992e 2020 4966 2061 IMEOUT.... If a\n-000103a0: 0a20 2020 2020 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 . hotkey ass\n-000103b0: 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d ociated with a m\n-000103c0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 enu entry is pre\n-000103d0: 7373 6564 2c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2061 ssed, boot the a\n-000103e0: 7373 6f63 6961 7465 640a 2020 2020 206d ssociated. m\n-000103f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 enu entry immedi\n-00010400: 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 ately. If the t\n-00010410: 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 6573 2062 imeout expires b\n-00010420: 6566 6f72 6520 6569 7468 6572 206f 660a efore either of.\n-00010430: 2020 2020 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 these happe\n-00010440: 6e73 2c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 ns, display the \n-00010450: 6d65 6e75 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206e 756d menu for the num\n-00010460: 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2073 ber of seconds s\n-00010470: 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e pecified. in\n-00010480: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n-00010490: e280 9920 6265 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 ... before booti\n-000104a0: 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 ng the default e\n-000104b0: 6e74 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 ntry... If y\n-000104c0: 6f75 2073 6574 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 ou set ...GRUB_H\n-000104d0: 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 IDDEN_TIMEOUT...\n-000104e0: 2c20 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 6c73 , you should als\n-000104f0: 6f20 7365 740a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 o set. ...GR\n-00010500: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 3d30 e280 9920 UB_TIMEOUT=0... \n-00010510: 736f 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 so that the menu\n-00010520: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7965 is not displaye\n-00010530: 6420 6174 2061 6c6c 2075 6e6c 6573 730a d at all unless.\n-00010540: 2020 2020 203c 4553 433e 206f 7220 3c46 or are pressed, \n-00010560: 6f72 203c 5348 4946 543e 2069 7320 6865 or is he\n-00010570: 6c64 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 ld down... T\n-00010580: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e his option is un\n-00010590: 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 set by default, \n-000105a0: 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 and is deprecate\n-000105b0: 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 d in favour of t\n-000105c0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e he. less con\n-000105d0: 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 fusing ...GRUB_T\n-000105e0: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 IMEOUT_STYLE=cou\n-000105f0: 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 0a20 2020 ntdown... or. \n-00010600: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n-00010610: 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 6464 656e e280 T_STYLE=hidden..\n-00010620: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4849 4444 .......GRUB_HIDD\n-00010630: 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f51 5549 4554 EN_TIMEOUT_QUIET\n-00010640: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 636f 6e6a .... In conj\n-00010650: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7769 7468 20e2 8098 unction with ...\n-00010660: 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIME\n-00010670: 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 OUT..., set this\n-00010680: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2074 to ...true... t\n-00010690: 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 7072 6573 7320 o. suppress \n-000106a0: 7468 6520 7665 7262 6f73 6520 636f 756e the verbose coun\n-000106b0: 7464 6f77 6e20 7768 696c 6520 7761 6974 tdown while wait\n-000106c0: 696e 6720 666f 7220 6120 6b65 7920 746f ing for a key to\n-000106d0: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7373 6564 be. pressed\n-000106e0: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7969 before displayi\n-000106f0: 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 ng the menu... \n-00010700: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 This option i\n-00010710: 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 s unset by defau\n-00010720: 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 lt, and is depre\n-00010730: 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 cated in favour \n-00010740: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 of the. less\n-00010750: 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 confusing ...GR\n-00010760: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 UB_TIMEOUT_STYLE\n-00010770: 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 992e 0a0a =countdown......\n-00010780: e280 9847 5255 425f 4849 4444 454e 5f54 ...GRUB_HIDDEN_T\n-00010790: 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 IMEOUT_BUTTON...\n-000107a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5661 7269 616e 7420 6f66 . Variant of\n-000107b0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f ...GRUB_HIDDEN_\n-000107c0: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 7573 6564 TIMEOUT..., used\n-000107d0: 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 to support vend\n-000107e0: 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 2020 or-specific. \n-000107f0: 2070 6f77 6572 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2e20 power buttons. \n-00010800: 202a 4e6f 7465 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f *Note Vendor po\n-00010810: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a wer-on keys::...\n-00010820: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n-00010830: 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 is unset by def\n-00010840: 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 ault, and is dep\n-00010850: 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 recated in favou\n-00010860: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 r of the. le\n-00010870: 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 ss confusing ...\n-00010880: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n-00010890: 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 LE=countdown... \n-000108a0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f or. ...GRUB_\n-000108b0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 TIMEOUT_STYLE=hi\n-000108c0: 6464 656e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 dden...... For\n-000108d0: 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 6564 2063 more detailed c\n-000108e0: 7573 746f 6d69 7361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 ustomisation of \n-000108f0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n-00010900: e280 9927 7320 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 796f ...'s output, yo\n-00010910: 7520 6d61 790a 6564 6974 2074 6865 2073 u may.edit the s\n-00010920: 6372 6970 7473 2069 6e20 e280 982f 6574 cripts in .../et\n-00010930: 632f 6772 7562 2e64 e280 9920 6469 7265 c/grub.d... dire\n-00010940: 6374 6c79 2e20 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 ctly. .../etc/g\n-00010950: 7275 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 rub.d/40_custom.\n-00010960: 8099 2069 730a 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 .. is.particular\n-00010970: 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6164 ly useful for ad\n-00010980: 6469 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6375 7374 ding entire cust\n-00010990: 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 733b om menu entries;\n-000109a0: 2073 696d 706c 7920 7479 7065 0a74 6865 simply type.the\n-000109b0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 796f menu entries yo\n-000109c0: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6174 u want to add at\n-000109d0: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6174 the end of that\n-000109e0: 2066 696c 652c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 file, making su\n-000109f0: 7265 2074 6f0a 6c65 6176 6520 6174 206c re to.leave at l\n-00010a00: 6561 7374 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 east the first t\n-00010a10: 776f 206c 696e 6573 2069 6e74 6163 742e wo lines intact.\n-00010a20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00010a30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6f74 nfo, Node: Root\n-00010a40: 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 Identifcation H\n-00010a50: 6575 7269 7374 6963 732c 2020 4e65 7874 euristics, Next\n-00010a60: 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 : Shell-like scr\n-00010a70: 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 ipting, Prev: S\n-00010a80: 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple configurat\n-00010a90: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 ion, Up: Config\n-00010aa0: 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e32 2052 6f6f uration..6.2 Roo\n-00010ab0: 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 t Identifcation \n-00010ac0: 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d Heuristics.=====\n-00010ad0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00010ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 ============..If\n-00010af0: 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f70 6572 the target oper\n-00010b00: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2075 7365 ating system use\n-00010b10: 7320 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e s the Linux kern\n-00010b20: 656c 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f el, ...grub-mkco\n-00010b30: 6e66 6967 e280 990a 6174 7465 6d70 7473 nfig....attempts\n-00010b40: 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 to identify the\n-00010b50: 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 root file syste\n-00010b60: 6d20 7669 6120 6120 6865 7572 6973 7469 m via a heuristi\n-00010b70: 6320 616c 676f 6972 7468 6d2e 0a54 6869 c algoirthm..Thi\n-00010b80: 7320 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d20 7365 6c65 s algorithm sele\n-00010b90: 6374 7320 7468 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 cts the identifi\n-00010ba0: 6361 7469 6f6e 206d 6574 686f 6420 6f66 cation method of\n-00010bb0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 the root file s\n-00010bc0: 7973 7465 6d0a 6279 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 ystem.by conside\n-00010bd0: 7269 6e67 2074 6872 6565 2066 6163 746f ring three facto\n-00010be0: 7273 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 rs. The first i\n-00010bf0: 7320 6966 2061 6e20 696e 6974 7264 2066 s if an initrd f\n-00010c00: 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 740a 6f70 or the target.op\n-00010c10: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2069 erating system i\n-00010c20: 7320 616c 736f 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 s also present. \n-00010c30: 2054 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 6973 0ae2 The second is..\n-00010c40: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c ..GRUB_DISABLE_L\n-00010c50: 494e 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 8099 2061 6e64 INUX_UUID... and\n-00010c60: 2069 6620 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 if set to ...tr\n-00010c70: 7565 e280 992c 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 ue..., prevents \n-00010c80: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n-00010c90: e280 990a 6672 6f6d 2069 6465 6e74 6966 ....from identif\n-00010ca0: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 ying the root fi\n-00010cb0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6279 2069 7473 le system by its\n-00010cc0: 2055 5549 442e 2054 6865 2074 6869 7264 UUID. The third\n-00010cd0: 2069 730a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 is....GRUB_DISA\n-00010ce0: 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 BLE_LINUX_PARTUU\n-00010cf0: 4944 e280 9920 616e 6420 6966 2073 6574 ID... and if set\n-00010d00: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 to ...true..., \n-00010d10: 7072 6576 656e 7473 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 prevents....grub\n-00010d20: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2066 726f -mkconfig... fro\n-00010d30: 6d20 6964 656e 7469 6679 696e 6720 7468 m identifying th\n-00010d40: 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 e root file syst\n-00010d50: 656d 2076 6961 2074 6865 2055 5549 4420 em via the UUID \n-00010d60: 6f66 0a69 7473 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 of.its enclosing\n-00010d70: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 partition. If \n-00010d80: 7468 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 the variables ar\n-00010d90: 6520 6173 7369 676e 6564 2061 6e79 206f e assigned any o\n-00010da0: 7468 6572 2076 616c 7565 2c0a 7468 6174 ther value,.that\n-00010db0: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 636f 6e73 6964 value is consid\n-00010dc0: 6572 6564 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 ered equivalent \n-00010dd0: 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2e20 to ...false.... \n-00010de0: 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 The variables a\n-00010df0: 7265 2061 6c73 6f0a 636f 6e73 6964 6572 re also.consider\n-00010e00: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ed to be set to \n-00010e10: e280 9866 616c 7365 e280 9920 6966 2074 ...false... if t\n-00010e20: 6865 7920 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 7365 742e hey are not set.\n-00010e30: 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e .. When bootin\n-00010e40: 672c 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 g, the Linux ker\n-00010e50: 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 2064 656c 6567 6174 nel will delegat\n-00010e60: 6520 7468 6520 7461 736b 206f 6620 6d6f e the task of mo\n-00010e70: 756e 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a72 6f6f 7420 unting the.root \n-00010e80: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 7468 filesystem to th\n-00010e90: 6520 696e 6974 7264 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 e initrd. Most \n-00010ea0: 696e 6974 7264 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6465 initrd images de\n-00010eb0: 7465 726d 696e 6520 7468 6520 726f 6f74 termine the root\n-00010ec0: 0a66 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 .file system by \n-00010ed0: 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 204c 696e checking the Lin\n-00010ee0: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c27 7320 636f 6d6d ux kernel's comm\n-00010ef0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 2074 6865 and-line for the\n-00010f00: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a 6b65 7920 ...root....key \n-00010f10: 616e 6420 7573 6520 6974 7320 7661 6c75 and use its valu\n-00010f20: 6520 6173 2074 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 e as the identif\n-00010f30: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6d65 7468 6f64 206f ication method o\n-00010f40: 6620 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 650a f the root file.\n-00010f50: 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 696d 7072 system. To impr\n-00010f60: 6f76 6520 7468 6520 7265 6c69 6162 696c ove the reliabil\n-00010f70: 6974 7920 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 ity of booting, \n-00010f80: 6d6f 7374 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 most initrd imag\n-00010f90: 6573 2061 6c73 6f0a 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 es also.allow th\n-00010fa0: 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 e root file syst\n-00010fb0: 656d 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 em to be identif\n-00010fc0: 6965 6420 6279 2069 7473 2055 5549 442e ied by its UUID.\n-00010fd0: 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 7468 6973 Because of this\n-00010fe0: 0a62 6568 6176 696f 722c 2074 6865 20e2 .behavior, the .\n-00010ff0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n-00011000: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 .. command will \n-00011010: 7365 7420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2074 set ...root... t\n-00011020: 6f20 e280 9872 6f6f 743d 5555 4944 3d2e o ...root=UUID=.\n-00011030: 2e2e e280 990a 746f 2070 726f 7669 6465 ......to provide\n-00011040: 2074 6865 2069 6e69 7472 6420 7769 7468 the initrd with\n-00011050: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 the filesystem \n-00011060: 5555 4944 206f 6620 7468 6520 726f 6f74 UUID of the root\n-00011070: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 file system... \n-00011080: 2020 4966 206e 6f20 696e 6974 7264 2069 If no initrd i\n-00011090: 7320 6465 7465 6374 6564 206f 7220 e280 s detected or ..\n-000110a0: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 .GRUB_DISABLE_LI\n-000110b0: 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 9920 6973 2073 NUX_UUID... is s\n-000110c0: 6574 2074 6f0a e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 et to....true...\n-000110d0: 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9867 7275 622d 636f then ...grub-co\n-000110e0: 6d6d 616e 64e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6964 mmand... will id\n-000110f0: 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 entify the root \n-00011100: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 7365 filesystem by se\n-00011110: 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c tting.the kernel\n-00011120: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 7661 command-line va\n-00011130: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 riable ...root..\n-00011140: 9920 746f 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d50 4152 . to ...root=PAR\n-00011150: 5455 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2075 6e6c TUUID=...... unl\n-00011160: 6573 730a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 ess....GRUB_DISA\n-00011170: 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 BLE_LINUX_PARTUU\n-00011180: 4944 e280 9920 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 ID... is also se\n-00011190: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992e t to ...true....\n-000111a0: 2020 4966 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 If....GRUB_DIS\n-000111b0: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 ABLE_LINUX_PARTU\n-000111c0: 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 616c 736f 2073 UID... is also s\n-000111d0: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 et to ...true...\n-000111e0: 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 636f 6d6d 616e , ...grub-comman\n-000111f0: 64e2 8099 2077 696c 6c0a 6964 656e 7469 d... will.identi\n-00011200: 6679 2062 7920 6974 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 fy by its Linux \n-00011210: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 device name... \n-00011220: 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 The following t\n-00011230: 6162 6c65 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7a65 7320 able summarizes \n-00011240: 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f72 206f 6620 the behavior of \n-00011250: 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f the ...grub-mkco\n-00011260: 6e66 6967 e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 642e nfig....command.\n-00011270: 0a0a 496e 6974 7264 2020 2020 2047 5255 ..Initrd GRU\n-00011280: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_DISABLE_LINUX_\n-00011290: 5041 5254 5555 4944 2020 2047 5255 425f PARTUUID GRUB_\n-000112a0: 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 DISABLE_LINUX_UU\n-000112b0: 4944 2020 204c 696e 7578 2052 6f6f 740a ID Linux Root.\n-000112c0: 6465 7465 6374 6564 2020 2053 6574 2054 detected Set T\n-000112d0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o \n-000112e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2054 6f20 Set To \n-000112f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011300: 2020 2049 4420 4d65 7468 6f64 0a2d 2d2d ID Method.---\n-00011310: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0000c0a0: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 =..The program .\n+0000c0b0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n+0000c0c0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 .. (*note Invoki\n+0000c0d0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n+0000c0e0: 3a3a 2920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 730a e280 ::) generates...\n+0000c0f0: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 696c .grub.cfg... fil\n+0000c100: 6573 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 es suitable for \n+0000c110: 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2e20 2049 7420 most cases. It \n+0000c120: 6973 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 is suitable for \n+0000c130: 7573 6520 7768 656e 0a75 7067 7261 6469 use when.upgradi\n+0000c140: 6e67 2061 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f ng a distributio\n+0000c150: 6e2c 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7363 n, and will disc\n+0000c160: 6f76 6572 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206b over available k\n+0000c170: 6572 6e65 6c73 2061 6e64 0a61 7474 656d ernels and.attem\n+0000c180: 7074 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d pt to generate m\n+0000c190: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 enu entries for \n+0000c1a0: 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 them... ...gru\n+0000c1b0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 646f b-mkconfig... do\n+0000c1c0: 6573 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 206c 696d es have some lim\n+0000c1d0: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 itations. While\n+0000c1e0: 2061 6464 696e 6720 6578 7472 610a 6375 adding extra.cu\n+0000c1f0: 7374 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 stom menu entrie\n+0000c200: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 s to the end of \n+0000c210: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 2063 616e 2062 6520 the list can be \n+0000c220: 646f 6e65 2062 7920 6564 6974 696e 670a done by editing.\n+0000c230: e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 .../etc/grub.d/4\n+0000c240: 305f 6375 7374 6f6d e280 9920 6f72 2063 0_custom... or c\n+0000c250: 7265 6174 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 reating .../boot\n+0000c260: 2f67 7275 622f 6375 7374 6f6d 2e63 6667 /grub/custom.cfg\n+0000c270: e280 992c 2063 6861 6e67 696e 670a 7468 ..., changing.th\n+0000c280: 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 206d 656e 7520 e order of menu \n+0000c290: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 entries or chang\n+0000c2a0: 696e 6720 7468 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 ing their titles\n+0000c2b0: 206d 6179 2072 6571 7569 7265 206d 616b may require mak\n+0000c2c0: 696e 670a 636f 6d70 6c65 7820 6368 616e ing.complex chan\n+0000c2d0: 6765 7320 746f 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 ges to shell scr\n+0000c2e0: 6970 7473 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 ipts stored in .\n+0000c2f0: 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f e280 ../etc/grub.d/..\n+0000c300: 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 2062 650a .. This may be.\n+0000c310: 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 improved in the \n+0000c320: 6675 7475 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 future. In the \n+0000c330: 6d65 616e 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6f73 6520 meantime, those \n+0000c340: 7768 6f20 6665 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 who feel that it\n+0000c350: 2077 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 6561 7369 6572 would.be easier\n+0000c360: 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 e280 9867 7275 to write ...gru\n+0000c370: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746c b.cfg... directl\n+0000c380: 7920 6172 6520 656e 636f 7572 6167 6564 y are encouraged\n+0000c390: 2074 6f20 646f 2073 6f20 282a 6e6f 7465 to do so (*note\n+0000c3a0: 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 .Booting::, and \n+0000c3b0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 *note Shell-like\n+0000c3c0: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292c 2061 scripting::), a\n+0000c3d0: 6e64 2074 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 616e nd to disable an\n+0000c3e0: 7920 7379 7374 656d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 y system.provide\n+0000c3f0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 6972 2064 6973 7472 d by their distr\n+0000c400: 6962 7574 696f 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d ibution to autom\n+0000c410: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 756e 20e2 8098 atically run ...\n+0000c420: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+0000c430: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 ... The file .\n+0000c440: 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 ../etc/default/g\n+0000c450: 7275 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 rub... controls \n+0000c460: 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 the operation of\n+0000c470: 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ....grub-mkconfi\n+0000c480: 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 6f75 g.... It is sou\n+0000c490: 7263 6564 2062 7920 6120 7368 656c 6c20 rced by a shell \n+0000c4a0: 7363 7269 7074 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206d script, and so m\n+0000c4b0: 7573 7420 6265 2076 616c 6964 0a50 4f53 ust be valid.POS\n+0000c4c0: 4958 2073 6865 6c6c 2069 6e70 7574 3b20 IX shell input; \n+0000c4d0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2077 696c normally, it wil\n+0000c4e0: 6c20 6a75 7374 2062 6520 6120 7365 7175 l just be a sequ\n+0000c4f0: 656e 6365 206f 6620 e280 984b 4559 3d76 ence of ...KEY=v\n+0000c500: 616c 7565 e280 990a 6c69 6e65 732c 2062 alue....lines, b\n+0000c510: 7574 2069 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 ut if the value \n+0000c520: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2073 7061 6365 7320 contains spaces \n+0000c530: 6f72 206f 7468 6572 2073 7065 6369 616c or other special\n+0000c540: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 7468 656e characters then\n+0000c550: 0a69 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7175 6f74 .it must be quot\n+0000c560: 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ed. For example\n+0000c570: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f54 4552 :.. GRUB_TER\n+0000c580: 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 543d 2263 6f6e MINAL_INPUT=\"con\n+0000c590: 736f 6c65 2073 6572 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 sole serial\".. \n+0000c5a0: 2056 616c 6964 206b 6579 7320 696e 20e2 Valid keys in .\n+0000c5b0: 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 ../etc/default/g\n+0000c5c0: 7275 62e2 8099 2061 7265 2061 7320 666f rub... are as fo\n+0000c5d0: 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f llows:.....GRUB_\n+0000c5e0: 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 DEFAULT.... \n+0000c5f0: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 The default menu\n+0000c600: 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 entry. This ma\n+0000c610: 7920 6265 2061 206e 756d 6265 722c 2069 y be a number, i\n+0000c620: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 740a n which case it.\n+0000c630: 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 identifies \n+0000c640: 7468 6520 4e74 6820 656e 7472 7920 696e the Nth entry in\n+0000c650: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 206d the generated m\n+0000c660: 656e 7520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d enu counted from\n+0000c670: 207a 6572 6f2c 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 2074 zero,. or t\n+0000c680: 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 6120 6d65 he title of a me\n+0000c690: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 nu entry, or the\n+0000c6a0: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 special string \n+0000c6b0: e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 992e 2020 5573 ...saved.... Us\n+0000c6c0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 6420 ing. the id \n+0000c6d0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6966 may be useful if\n+0000c6e0: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 you want to set\n+0000c6f0: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6173 a menu entry as\n+0000c700: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 the default. \n+0000c710: 2020 6576 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 even though th\n+0000c720: 6572 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2076 6172 ere may be a var\n+0000c730: 6961 626c 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 iable number of \n+0000c740: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 2069 entries before i\n+0000c750: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 t... For exa\n+0000c760: 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 mple, if you hav\n+0000c770: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 e:.. menuent\n+0000c780: 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 474e 552f ry 'Example GNU/\n+0000c790: 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 Linux distributi\n+0000c7a0: 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 676e 752d on' --class gnu-\n+0000c7b0: 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 6d70 linux --id examp\n+0000c7c0: 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 207b 0a20 le-gnu-linux {. \n+0000c7d0: 2020 2020 092e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a ..... }.\n+0000c7e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 . then you c\n+0000c7f0: 616e 206d 616b 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 an make this the\n+0000c800: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a default using:.\n+0000c810: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f . GRUB_\n+0000c820: 4445 4641 554c 543d 6578 616d 706c 652d DEFAULT=example-\n+0000c830: 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 2020 gnu-linux.. \n+0000c840: 5072 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2069 7420 7761 Previously it wa\n+0000c850: 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2074 6865 s documented the\n+0000c860: 2077 6179 2074 6f20 7573 6520 656e 7472 way to use entr\n+0000c870: 7920 7469 746c 652e 2020 5768 696c 650a y title. While.\n+0000c880: 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 7374 696c 6c20 this still \n+0000c890: 776f 726b 7320 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2072 works it's not r\n+0000c8a0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 ecommended since\n+0000c8b0: 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 636f titles often co\n+0000c8c0: 6e74 6169 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 7461 ntain. unsta\n+0000c8d0: 626c 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 ble device names\n+0000c8e0: 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7472 616e and may be tran\n+0000c8f0: 736c 6174 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 slated.. If \n+0000c900: 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 6973 2074 6f20 you set this to \n+0000c910: e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 992c 2074 6865 ...saved..., the\n+0000c920: 6e20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 n the default me\n+0000c930: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 nu entry will be\n+0000c940: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2073 6176 6564 . that saved\n+0000c950: 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 by ...GRUB_SAVE\n+0000c960: 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 DEFAULT... or ..\n+0000c970: 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c .grub-set-defaul\n+0000c980: 74e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 t.... This. \n+0000c990: 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 relies on the e\n+0000c9a0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+0000c9b0: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 , which may not \n+0000c9c0: 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 be available in \n+0000c9d0: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6974 7561 7469 all. situati\n+0000c9e0: 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 ons (*note Envir\n+0000c9f0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e onment block::).\n+0000ca00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 .. The defau\n+0000ca10: 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9830 e280 992e 0a0a lt is ...0......\n+0000ca20: e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 ...GRUB_SAVEDEFA\n+0000ca30: 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 ULT.... If t\n+0000ca40: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n+0000ca50: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c t to ...true...,\n+0000ca60: 2074 6865 6e2c 2077 6865 6e20 616e 2065 then, when an e\n+0000ca70: 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 ntry is selected\n+0000ca80: 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6176 6520 6974 2061 ,. save it a\n+0000ca90: 7320 6120 6e65 7720 6465 6661 756c 7420 s a new default \n+0000caa0: 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 7573 6520 6279 entry for use by\n+0000cab0: 2066 7574 7572 6520 7275 6e73 206f 6620 future runs of \n+0000cac0: 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 GRUB. This. \n+0000cad0: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 is only useful i\n+0000cae0: 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c f ...GRUB_DEFAUL\n+0000caf0: 543d 7361 7665 64e2 8099 3b20 6974 2069 T=saved...; it i\n+0000cb00: 7320 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 206f 7074 s a separate opt\n+0000cb10: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6563 6175 7365 ion. because\n+0000cb20: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 ...GRUB_DEFAULT\n+0000cb30: 3d73 6176 6564 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 =saved... is use\n+0000cb40: 6675 6c20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6973 ful without this\n+0000cb50: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 option, in. \n+0000cb60: 2063 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 conjunction wit\n+0000cb70: 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 h ...grub-set-de\n+0000cb80: 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2055 6e73 6574 fault.... Unset\n+0000cb90: 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 by default. Th\n+0000cba0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2072 is. option r\n+0000cbb0: 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 elies on the env\n+0000cbc0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 ironment block, \n+0000cbd0: 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 which may not be\n+0000cbe0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 available. \n+0000cbf0: 696e 2061 6c6c 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e in all situation\n+0000cc00: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e s (*note Environ\n+0000cc10: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a ment block::)...\n+0000cc20: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT.\n+0000cc30: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 ... Boot the\n+0000cc40: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2074 default entry t\n+0000cc50: 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 his many seconds\n+0000cc60: 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 after the menu \n+0000cc70: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 is. displaye\n+0000cc80: 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6120 6b65 7920 d, unless a key \n+0000cc90: 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2e20 2054 6865 is pressed. The\n+0000cca0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9835 default is ...5\n+0000ccb0: e280 992e 2020 5365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 .... Set to. \n+0000ccc0: 2020 e280 9830 e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f ...0... to boo\n+0000ccd0: 7420 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 7769 t immediately wi\n+0000cce0: 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 thout displaying\n+0000ccf0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 206f 7220 746f the menu, or to\n+0000cd00: 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 ...-1... to. \n+0000cd10: 2020 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 wait indefinit\n+0000cd20: 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 ely... If ..\n+0000cd30: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 .GRUB_TIMEOUT_ST\n+0000cd40: 594c 45e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f YLE... is set to\n+0000cd50: 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 ...countdown...\n+0000cd60: 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 or ...hidden...\n+0000cd70: 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 696d 656f , the. timeo\n+0000cd80: 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f ut is instead co\n+0000cd90: 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 unted before the\n+0000cda0: 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 menu is display\n+0000cdb0: 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d ed......GRUB_TIM\n+0000cdc0: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 990a 2020 EOUT_STYLE.... \n+0000cdd0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f If this optio\n+0000cde0: 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 206f 7220 7365 n is unset or se\n+0000cdf0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c t to ...menu...,\n+0000ce00: 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 then GRUB will \n+0000ce10: 6469 7370 6c61 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 display. the\n+0000ce20: 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 7468 656e 2077 menu and then w\n+0000ce30: 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 ait for the time\n+0000ce40: 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 out set by ...GR\n+0000ce50: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 746f UB_TIMEOUT... to\n+0000ce60: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 2062 6566 . expire bef\n+0000ce70: 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 ore booting the \n+0000ce80: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 default entry. \n+0000ce90: 5072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 206b 6579 2069 Pressing a key i\n+0000cea0: 6e74 6572 7275 7074 730a 2020 2020 2074 nterrupts. t\n+0000ceb0: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 he timeout... \n+0000cec0: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e If this option\n+0000ced0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f is set to ...co\n+0000cee0: 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 untdown... or ..\n+0000cef0: 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 656e .hidden..., then\n+0000cf00: 2c20 6265 666f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 , before. di\n+0000cf10: 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e splaying the men\n+0000cf20: 752c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 u, GRUB will wai\n+0000cf30: 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 t for the timeou\n+0000cf40: 7420 7365 7420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 t set by. ..\n+0000cf50: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 .GRUB_TIMEOUT...\n+0000cf60: 2074 6f20 6578 7069 7265 2e20 2049 6620 to expire. If \n+0000cf70: 3c45 5343 3e20 6f72 203c 4634 3e20 6172 or ar\n+0000cf80: 6520 7072 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 e pressed, or . is he\n+0000cfa0: 6c64 2064 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 ld down during t\n+0000cfb0: 6861 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 6974 2077 696c hat time, it wil\n+0000cfc0: 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6d65 l display the me\n+0000cfd0: 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 nu and wait. \n+0000cfe0: 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 2e20 2049 6620 for input. If \n+0000cff0: 6120 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 6f63 6961 a hotkey associa\n+0000d000: 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 ted with a menu \n+0000d010: 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 entry is pressed\n+0000d020: 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 , it. will b\n+0000d030: 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6173 736f 6369 6174 oot the associat\n+0000d040: 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d ed menu entry im\n+0000d050: 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 mediately. If t\n+0000d060: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 he timeout. \n+0000d070: 6578 7069 7265 7320 6265 666f 7265 2065 expires before e\n+0000d080: 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2068 ither of these h\n+0000d090: 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 appens, it will \n+0000d0a0: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 boot the default\n+0000d0b0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 792e 2020 496e . entry. In\n+0000d0c0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 the ...countdow\n+0000d0d0: 6ee2 8099 2063 6173 652c 2069 7420 7769 n... case, it wi\n+0000d0e0: 6c6c 2073 686f 7720 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 ll show a one-li\n+0000d0f0: 6e65 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 ne indication. \n+0000d100: 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e of the remain\n+0000d110: 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 ing time......GR\n+0000d120: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f UB_DEFAULT_BUTTO\n+0000d130: 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d N.......GRUB_TIM\n+0000d140: 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 EOUT_BUTTON.....\n+0000d150: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n+0000d160: 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 TYLE_BUTTON.....\n+0000d170: 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d ..GRUB_BUTTON_CM\n+0000d180: 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 990a 2020 OS_ADDRESS.... \n+0000d190: 2020 2056 6172 6961 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 Variants of t\n+0000d1a0: 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 he corresponding\n+0000d1b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f variables witho\n+0000d1c0: 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f ut the ..._BUTTO\n+0000d1d0: 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 6978 N.... suffix\n+0000d1e0: 2c20 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 , used to suppor\n+0000d1f0: 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 t vendor-specifi\n+0000d200: 6320 706f 7765 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 732e c power buttons.\n+0000d210: 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2056 656e *Note. Ven\n+0000d220: 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 dor power-on key\n+0000d230: 733a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 s::......GRUB_DI\n+0000d240: 5354 5249 4255 544f 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 STRIBUTOR.... \n+0000d250: 2020 5365 7420 6279 2064 6973 7472 6962 Set by distrib\n+0000d260: 7574 6f72 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f utors of GRUB to\n+0000d270: 2074 6865 6972 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 their identifyi\n+0000d280: 6e67 206e 616d 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 ng name. This i\n+0000d290: 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 s. used to g\n+0000d2a0: 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 enerate more inf\n+0000d2b0: 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e ormative menu en\n+0000d2c0: 7472 7920 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 try titles......\n+0000d2d0: 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e GRUB_TERMINAL_IN\n+0000d2e0: 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 PUT.... Sele\n+0000d2f0: 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ct the terminal \n+0000d300: 696e 7075 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 input device. Y\n+0000d310: 6f75 206d 6179 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 ou may select mu\n+0000d320: 6c74 6970 6c65 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 ltiple devices. \n+0000d330: 2020 2020 6865 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 here, separa\n+0000d340: 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a ted by spaces...\n+0000d350: 2020 2020 2056 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 Valid termi\n+0000d360: 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 nal input names \n+0000d370: 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c depend on the pl\n+0000d380: 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 atform, but may \n+0000d390: 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 include. ...\n+0000d3a0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 console... (nati\n+0000d3b0: 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 ve platform cons\n+0000d3c0: 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 ole), ...serial.\n+0000d3d0: 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 .. (serial termi\n+0000d3e0: 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 nal),. ...se\n+0000d3f0: 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 rial_... (\n+0000d400: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n+0000d410: 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f with explicit po\n+0000d420: 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 rt selection),. \n+0000d430: 2020 2020 e280 9861 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 ...at_keyboa\n+0000d440: 7264 e280 9920 2850 4320 4154 206b 6579 rd... (PC AT key\n+0000d450: 626f 6172 6429 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 7573 board), or ...us\n+0000d460: 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2855 b_keyboard... (U\n+0000d470: 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a 2020 2020 SB keyboard. \n+0000d480: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2048 4944 2042 using the HID B\n+0000d490: 6f6f 7420 5072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 666f oot Protocol, fo\n+0000d4a0: 7220 6361 7365 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 r cases where th\n+0000d4b0: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 7320 e firmware does \n+0000d4c0: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2068 616e 646c 6520 not. handle \n+0000d4d0: 7468 6973 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 this)... The\n+0000d4e0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 default is to u\n+0000d4f0: 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 se the platform'\n+0000d500: 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 s native termina\n+0000d510: 6c20 696e 7075 742e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 l input......GRU\n+0000d520: 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 B_TERMINAL_OUTPU\n+0000d530: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 T.... Select\n+0000d540: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 the terminal ou\n+0000d550: 7470 7574 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 596f tput device. Yo\n+0000d560: 7520 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 6374 206d 756c u may select mul\n+0000d570: 7469 706c 6520 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 tiple devices. \n+0000d580: 2020 2068 6572 652c 2073 6570 6172 6174 here, separat\n+0000d590: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 ed by spaces... \n+0000d5a0: 2020 2020 5661 6c69 6420 7465 726d 696e Valid termin\n+0000d5b0: 616c 206f 7574 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 al output names \n+0000d5c0: 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c depend on the pl\n+0000d5d0: 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 atform, but may \n+0000d5e0: 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 include. ...\n+0000d5f0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 console... (nati\n+0000d600: 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 ve platform cons\n+0000d610: 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 ole), ...serial.\n+0000d620: 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 .. (serial termi\n+0000d630: 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 nal),. ...se\n+0000d640: 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 rial_... (\n+0000d650: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n+0000d660: 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f with explicit po\n+0000d670: 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 rt selection),. \n+0000d680: 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 ...gfxterm..\n+0000d690: 9920 2867 7261 7068 6963 732d 6d6f 6465 . (graphics-mode\n+0000d6a0: 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c20 e280 9876 6761 output), ...vga\n+0000d6b0: 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2028 5647 4120 7465 _text... (VGA te\n+0000d6c0: 7874 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c0a 2020 2020 xt output),. \n+0000d6d0: 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 ...mda_text... \n+0000d6e0: 284d 4441 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 (MDA text output\n+0000d6f0: 292c 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2028 ), ...morse... (\n+0000d700: 4d6f 7273 652d 636f 6469 6e67 2075 7369 Morse-coding usi\n+0000d710: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2062 ng system. b\n+0000d720: 6565 7065 7229 206f 7220 e280 9873 706b eeper) or ...spk\n+0000d730: 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2028 7369 6d70 6c65 modem... (simple\n+0000d740: 2064 6174 6120 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2075 data protocol u\n+0000d750: 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7370 6561 sing system spea\n+0000d760: 6b65 7229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 ker)... ...s\n+0000d770: 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 pkmodem... is us\n+0000d780: 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 6572 eful when no ser\n+0000d790: 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 ial port is avai\n+0000d7a0: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 436f 6e6e 6563 7420 lable. Connect \n+0000d7b0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 the. output \n+0000d7c0: 6f66 2073 656e 6469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 of sending syste\n+0000d7d0: 6d20 2877 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 6973 m (where GRUB is\n+0000d7e0: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2920 746f 206c 696e running) to lin\n+0000d7f0: 652d 696e 206f 660a 2020 2020 2072 6563 e-in of. rec\n+0000d800: 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2875 eiving system (u\n+0000d810: 7375 616c 6c79 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 sually developer\n+0000d820: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 292e 2020 4f6e 2072 machine). On r\n+0000d830: 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a eceiving system.\n+0000d840: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 20e2 8098 compile ...\n+0000d850: 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 76e2 8099 spkmodem-recv...\n+0000d860: 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9875 7469 6c2f 7370 from ...util/sp\n+0000d870: 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 762e 63e2 8099 kmodem-recv.c...\n+0000d880: 2061 6e64 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 and run:.. \n+0000d890: 2020 2020 2070 6172 6563 6f72 6420 2d2d parecord --\n+0000d8a0: 6368 616e 6e65 6c73 3d31 202d 2d72 6174 channels=1 --rat\n+0000d8b0: 653d 3438 3030 3020 2d2d 666f 726d 6174 e=48000 --format\n+0000d8c0: 3d73 3136 6c65 207c 202e 2f73 706b 6d6f =s16le | ./spkmo\n+0000d8d0: 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 dem-recv.. T\n+0000d8e0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f he default is to\n+0000d8f0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 use the platfor\n+0000d900: 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 m's native termi\n+0000d910: 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0ae2 8098 nal output......\n+0000d920: 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4ce2 8099 GRUB_TERMINAL...\n+0000d930: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 . If this op\n+0000d940: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 tion is set, it \n+0000d950: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 626f 7468 20e2 overrides both .\n+0000d960: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f ..GRUB_TERMINAL_\n+0000d970: 494e 5055 54e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 INPUT... and. \n+0000d980: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e ...GRUB_TERMIN\n+0000d990: 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 AL_OUTPUT... to \n+0000d9a0: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2076 616c 7565 2e0a the same value..\n+0000d9b0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4552 4941 4c5f ....GRUB_SERIAL_\n+0000d9c0: 434f 4d4d 414e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 COMMAND.... \n+0000d9d0: 4120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 2063 6f6e A command to con\n+0000d9e0: 6669 6775 7265 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 figure the seria\n+0000d9f0: 6c20 706f 7274 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e l port when usin\n+0000da00: 6720 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 0a20 2020 g the serial. \n+0000da10: 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 console. *Not\n+0000da20: 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2e20 2044 6566 e serial::. Def\n+0000da30: 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 7365 7269 aults to ...seri\n+0000da40: 616c e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f al.........GRUB_\n+0000da50: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 CMDLINE_LINUX...\n+0000da60: 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 . Command-li\n+0000da70: 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f20 ne arguments to \n+0000da80: 6164 6420 746f 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 add to menu entr\n+0000da90: 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 ies for the Linu\n+0000daa0: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 x kernel......GR\n+0000dab0: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_CMDLINE_LINUX\n+0000dac0: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 _DEFAULT.... \n+0000dad0: 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f Unless ...GRUB_\n+0000dae0: 4449 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 DISABLE_RECOVERY\n+0000daf0: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ... is set to ..\n+0000db00: 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 7477 6f20 6d65 .true..., two me\n+0000db10: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 2020 nu entries. \n+0000db20: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 will be generate\n+0000db30: 6420 666f 7220 6561 6368 204c 696e 7578 d for each Linux\n+0000db40: 206b 6572 6e65 6c3a 206f 6e65 2064 6566 kernel: one def\n+0000db50: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2061 6e64 206f ault entry and o\n+0000db60: 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 666f ne. entry fo\n+0000db70: 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 652e r recovery mode.\n+0000db80: 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6c69 This option li\n+0000db90: 7374 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 sts command-line\n+0000dba0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 arguments. \n+0000dbb0: 746f 2061 6464 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2074 to add only to t\n+0000dbc0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 he default menu \n+0000dbd0: 656e 7472 792c 2061 6674 6572 2074 686f entry, after tho\n+0000dbe0: 7365 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 0a20 2020 se listed in. \n+0000dbf0: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e ...GRUB_CMDLIN\n+0000dc00: 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 E_LINUX.........\n+0000dc10: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e GRUB_CMDLINE_LIN\n+0000dc20: 5558 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 8099 0a20 UX_RECOVERY.... \n+0000dc30: 2020 2020 556e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 4752 Unless ...GR\n+0000dc40: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 4f56 UB_DISABLE_RECOV\n+0000dc50: 4552 59e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f ERY... is set to\n+0000dc60: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 776f ...true..., two\n+0000dc70: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 menu entries. \n+0000dc80: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 will be gener\n+0000dc90: 6174 6564 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 4c69 ated for each Li\n+0000dca0: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 3a20 6f6e 6520 nux kernel: one \n+0000dcb0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 616e default entry an\n+0000dcc0: 6420 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 d one. entry\n+0000dcd0: 2066 6f72 2072 6563 6f76 6572 7920 6d6f for recovery mo\n+0000dce0: 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e de. This option\n+0000dcf0: 206c 6973 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c lists command-l\n+0000dd00: 696e 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 ine arguments. \n+0000dd10: 2020 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6f6e 6c79 2074 to add only t\n+0000dd20: 6f20 7468 6520 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d o the recovery m\n+0000dd30: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2062 6566 6f72 enu entry, befor\n+0000dd40: 6520 7468 6f73 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2069 e those listed i\n+0000dd50: 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 n. ...GRUB_C\n+0000dd60: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 992e MDLINE_LINUX....\n+0000dd70: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+0000dd80: 20e2 8098 7369 6e67 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a ...single......\n+0000dd90: e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ...GRUB_CMDLINE_\n+0000dda0: 4e45 5442 5344 e280 990a e280 9847 5255 NETBSD.......GRU\n+0000ddb0: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 B_CMDLINE_NETBSD\n+0000ddc0: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 _DEFAULT.... \n+0000ddd0: 2041 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c As ...GRUB_CMDL\n+0000dde0: 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2061 6e64 INE_LINUX... and\n+0000ddf0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 ...GRUB_CMDLINE\n+0000de00: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 _LINUX_DEFAULT..\n+0000de10: 992c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 ., but for. \n+0000de20: 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 NetBSD......GRUB\n+0000de30: 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f47 4e55 4d41 4348 _CMDLINE_GNUMACH\n+0000de40: e280 990a 2020 2020 2041 7320 e280 9847 .... 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Xen men\n+0000e010: 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 u entries......G\n+0000e020: 5255 425f 544f 505f 4c45 5645 4ce2 8099 RUB_TOP_LEVEL...\n+0000e030: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 ....GRUB_TOP_LEV\n+0000e040: 454c 5f58 454e e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 EL_XEN.... T\n+0000e050: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c his option shoul\n+0000e060: 6420 6265 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 d be an absolute\n+0000e070: 2070 6174 6820 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 path to a kerne\n+0000e080: 6c20 696d 6167 652e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 l image. 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This is fo\n+0000e280: 7220 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 696e 6773 r loading things\n+0000e290: 206c 696b 6520 4350 5520 6d69 6372 6f63 like CPU microc\n+0000e2a0: 6f64 652c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 0a20 ode, firmware,. \n+0000e2b0: 2020 2020 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 732c ACPI tables,\n+0000e2c0: 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6b65 7973 2c20 616e crypto keys, an\n+0000e2d0: 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 d so on. 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They wi\n+0000e430: 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 ll be. loade\n+0000e440: 6420 6669 7273 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 d first... .\n+0000e450: 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 ..GRUB_EARLY_INI\n+0000e460: 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 5354 4f4d TRD_LINUX_CUSTOM\n+0000e470: e280 9920 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 ... is for your \n+0000e480: 6375 7374 6f6d 2063 7265 6174 6564 2069 custom created i\n+0000e490: 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 mages... 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T\n+0000e660: 6869 7320 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d his is usually m\n+0000e670: 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2c20 6275 ore reliable, bu\n+0000e680: 7420 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 t in some cases \n+0000e690: 6974 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 it may. not \n+0000e6a0: 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2e20 be appropriate. \n+0000e6b0: 2054 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 To disable the \n+0000e6c0: 7573 6520 6f66 2055 5549 4473 2c20 7365 use of UUIDs, se\n+0000e6d0: 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 t this option. \n+0000e6e0: 2020 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 to ...true...\n+0000e6f0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 ......GRUB_DISAB\n+0000e700: 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 LE_LINUX_PARTUUI\n+0000e710: 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 20e2 8098 D.... If ...\n+0000e720: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+0000e730: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 cannot identify\n+0000e740: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 the root filesy\n+0000e750: 7374 656d 2076 6961 2069 7473 0a20 2020 stem via its. \n+0000e760: 2020 756e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e universally-un\n+0000e770: 6971 7565 2069 6e64 656e 7469 6669 6572 ique indentifier\n+0000e780: 2028 5555 4944 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 (UUID), ...grub\n+0000e790: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e -mkconfig... can\n+0000e7a0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5555 use the. 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Thi\n+0000e850: 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 7320 7265 6c69 s is not as reli\n+0000e860: 6162 6c65 2061 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 able as using th\n+0000e870: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 e filesystem. \n+0000e880: 2020 5555 4944 2c20 6275 7420 6973 206d UUID, but is m\n+0000e890: 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2074 6861 ore reliable tha\n+0000e8a0: 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 n using the Linu\n+0000e8b0: 7820 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2e20 x device names. \n+0000e8c0: 2057 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 When. ...GR\n+0000e8d0: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_DISABLE_LINUX\n+0000e8e0: 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 _PARTUUID... is \n+0000e8f0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 set to ...false.\n+0000e900: 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 .., the Linux ke\n+0000e910: 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f rnel. versio\n+0000e920: 6e20 6d75 7374 2062 6520 322e 362e 3337 n must be 2.6.37\n+0000e930: 2028 332e 3130 2066 6f72 2073 7973 7465 (3.10 for syste\n+0000e940: 6d73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 204d 5344 ms using the MSD\n+0000e950: 4f53 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 OS partition. \n+0000e960: 2020 7363 6865 6d65 2920 6f72 206e 6577 scheme) or new\n+0000e970: 6572 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e er. 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If this o\n+0000ea10: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ption is set to \n+0000ea20: e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 6469 7361 ...true..., disa\n+0000ea30: 626c 6520 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7469 ble the generati\n+0000ea40: 6f6e 206f 6620 7265 636f 7665 7279 0a20 on of recovery. \n+0000ea50: 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 206d 656e 7520 656e mode menu en\n+0000ea60: 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f tries......GRUB_\n+0000ea70: 4449 5341 424c 455f 5555 4944 e280 990a DISABLE_UUID....\n+0000ea80: 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 20e2 Normally, .\n+0000ea90: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n+0000eaa0: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 .. will generate\n+0000eab0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7468 menu entries th\n+0000eac0: 6174 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 at use. univ\n+0000ead0: 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 ersally-unique i\n+0000eae0: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 4944 dentifiers (UUID\n+0000eaf0: 7329 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2076 s) to identify v\n+0000eb00: 6172 696f 7573 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 arious. file\n+0000eb10: 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2073 6561 7263 systems to searc\n+0000eb20: 6820 666f 7220 6669 6c65 732e 2020 5468 h for files. 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Setting this \n+0000ebd0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 option to. .\n+0000ebe0: 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2077 696c 6c20 ..true..., will \n+0000ebf0: 616c 736f 2073 6574 2074 6865 206f 7074 also set the opt\n+0000ec00: 696f 6e73 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 ions ...GRUB_DIS\n+0000ec10: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 ABLE_LINUX_UUID.\n+0000ec20: 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 .. and. ...G\n+0000ec30: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_DISABLE_LINU\n+0000ec40: 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 9920 746f X_PARTUUID... to\n+0000ec50: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2075 6e6c ...true..., unl\n+0000ec60: 6573 7320 7468 6579 2068 6176 6520 6265 ess they have be\n+0000ec70: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c 6963 696c en. explicil\n+0000ec80: 7479 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c ty set to ...fal\n+0000ec90: 7365 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f se.........GRUB_\n+0000eca0: 5649 4445 4f5f 4241 434b 454e 44e2 8099 VIDEO_BACKEND...\n+0000ecb0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 7261 7068 6963 . If graphic\n+0000ecc0: 616c 2076 6964 656f 2073 7570 706f 7274 al video support\n+0000ecd0: 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6569 is required, ei\n+0000ece0: 7468 6572 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 ther because the\n+0000ecf0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d . ...gfxterm\n+0000ed00: e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 ... graphical te\n+0000ed10: 726d 696e 616c 2069 7320 696e 2075 7365 rminal is in use\n+0000ed20: 206f 7220 6265 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 or because. \n+0000ed30: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c ...GRUB_GFXPAYL\n+0000ed40: 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2069 7320 OAD_LINUX... is \n+0000ed50: 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9867 7275 set, then ...gru\n+0000ed60: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 b-mkconfig... wi\n+0000ed70: 6c6c 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 ll normally. \n+0000ed80: 206c 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 6176 6169 6c61 load all availa\n+0000ed90: 626c 6520 4752 5542 2076 6964 656f 2064 ble GRUB video d\n+0000eda0: 7269 7665 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7365 2074 rivers and use t\n+0000edb0: 6865 206f 6e65 206d 6f73 740a 2020 2020 he one most. \n+0000edc0: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2066 6f72 appropriate for\n+0000edd0: 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2e20 your hardware. \n+0000ede0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 If you need to \n+0000edf0: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2074 6869 7320 666f override this fo\n+0000ee00: 720a 2020 2020 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 r. some reas\n+0000ee10: 6f6e 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e on, then you can\n+0000ee20: 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e set this option\n+0000ee30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4166 7465 7220 e280 ... After ..\n+0000ee40: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 .grub-install...\n+0000ee50: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2c 2074 has been run, t\n+0000ee60: 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 he available vid\n+0000ee70: 656f 2064 7269 7665 7273 2061 7265 0a20 eo drivers are. \n+0000ee80: 2020 2020 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 e280 listed in ..\n+0000ee90: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 7669 6465 ./boot/grub/vide\n+0000eea0: 6f2e 6c73 74e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 o.lst.........GR\n+0000eeb0: 5542 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 990a 2020 UB_GFXMODE.... \n+0000eec0: 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2072 6573 6f6c Set the resol\n+0000eed0: 7574 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7468 ution used on th\n+0000eee0: 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 e ...gfxterm... \n+0000eef0: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e graphical termin\n+0000ef00: 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 al. Note. t\n+0000ef10: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 hat you can only\n+0000ef20: 2075 7365 206d 6f64 6573 2077 6869 6368 use modes which\n+0000ef30: 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 your graphics c\n+0000ef40: 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2076 6961 ard supports via\n+0000ef50: 0a20 2020 2020 5645 5341 2042 494f 5320 . VESA BIOS \n+0000ef60: 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2028 5642 4529 Extensions (VBE)\n+0000ef70: 2c20 736f 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 , so for example\n+0000ef80: 206e 6174 6976 6520 4c43 4420 7061 6e65 native LCD pane\n+0000ef90: 6c0a 2020 2020 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f l. resolutio\n+0000efa0: 6e73 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 ns may not be av\n+0000efb0: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 6465 ailable. The de\n+0000efc0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 6175 746f fault is ...auto\n+0000efd0: e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 ..., which. \n+0000efe0: 7472 6965 7320 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 tries to select \n+0000eff0: 6120 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7265 736f a preferred reso\n+0000f000: 6c75 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2067 lution. *Note g\n+0000f010: 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 fxmode::......GR\n+0000f020: 5542 5f42 4143 4b47 524f 554e 44e2 8099 UB_BACKGROUND...\n+0000f030: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 6261 636b . Set a back\n+0000f040: 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 ground image for\n+0000f050: 2075 7365 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 use with the ..\n+0000f060: 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 .gfxterm... grap\n+0000f070: 6869 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 hical. termi\n+0000f080: 6e61 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 nal. The value \n+0000f090: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d of this option m\n+0000f0a0: 7573 7420 6265 2061 2066 696c 6520 7265 ust be a file re\n+0000f0b0: 6164 6162 6c65 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a20 adable by GRUB. \n+0000f0c0: 2020 2020 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 at boot time\n+0000f0d0: 2c20 616e 6420 6974 206d 7573 7420 656e , and it must en\n+0000f0e0: 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2e70 6e67 e280 d with ....png..\n+0000f0f0: 992c 20e2 8098 2e74 6761 e280 992c 20e2 ., ....tga..., .\n+0000f100: 8098 2e6a 7067 e280 992c 206f 720a 2020 ...jpg..., or. \n+0000f110: 2020 20e2 8098 2e6a 7065 67e2 8099 2e20 ....jpeg.... \n+0000f120: 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2077 696c 6c20 The image will \n+0000f130: 6265 2073 6361 6c65 6420 6966 206e 6563 be scaled if nec\n+0000f140: 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7468 essary to fit th\n+0000f150: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 e screen.. I\n+0000f160: 6d61 6765 2068 6569 6768 7420 616e 6420 mage height and \n+0000f170: 7769 6474 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 width will be re\n+0000f180: 7374 7269 6374 6564 2062 7920 616e 2061 stricted by an a\n+0000f190: 7274 6966 6963 6961 6c20 6c69 6d69 7420 rtificial limit \n+0000f1a0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 3136 3338 342e 0a0a of. 16384...\n+0000f1b0: e280 9847 5255 425f 5448 454d 45e2 8099 ...GRUB_THEME...\n+0000f1c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 7468 656d . Set a them\n+0000f1d0: 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7769 7468 2074 e for use with t\n+0000f1e0: 6865 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 he ...gfxterm...\n+0000f1f0: 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 graphical termi\n+0000f200: 6e61 6c2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4746 nal......GRUB_GF\n+0000f210: 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 XPAYLOAD_LINUX..\n+0000f220: 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 e280 .. Set to ..\n+0000f230: 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 666f 7263 .text... to forc\n+0000f240: 6520 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e e the Linux kern\n+0000f250: 656c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f el to boot in no\n+0000f260: 726d 616c 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 206d rmal text. m\n+0000f270: 6f64 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 e280 9920 ode, ...keep... \n+0000f280: 746f 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 to preserve the \n+0000f290: 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 6520 7365 graphics mode se\n+0000f2a0: 7420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 t using. ...\n+0000f2b0: 4752 5542 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 992c GRUB_GFXMODE...,\n+0000f2c0: 20e2 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 ...WIDTHxHEIGHT\n+0000f2d0: e280 995b e280 9878 4445 5054 48e2 8099 ...[...xDEPTH...\n+0000f2e0: 5d20 746f 2073 6574 2061 2070 6172 7469 ] to set a parti\n+0000f2f0: 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 2067 7261 7068 cular. graph\n+0000f300: 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f72 2061 2073 ics mode, or a s\n+0000f310: 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 7365 equence of these\n+0000f320: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 636f separated by co\n+0000f330: 6d6d 6173 206f 720a 2020 2020 2073 656d mmas or. sem\n+0000f340: 6963 6f6c 6f6e 7320 746f 2074 7279 2073 icolons to try s\n+0000f350: 6576 6572 616c 206d 6f64 6573 2069 6e20 everal modes in \n+0000f360: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 sequence. *Note\n+0000f370: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643a 3a2e 0a0a gfxpayload::...\n+0000f380: 2020 2020 2044 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f Depending o\n+0000f390: 6e20 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 n your kernel, y\n+0000f3a0: 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e our distribution\n+0000f3b0: 2c20 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 , your graphics \n+0000f3c0: 6361 7264 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 card,. and t\n+0000f3d0: 6865 2070 6861 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 he phase of the \n+0000f3e0: 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 moon, note that \n+0000f3f0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f using this optio\n+0000f400: 6e20 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 n may cause. \n+0000f410: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 7375 GNU/Linux to su\n+0000f420: 6666 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 ffer from variou\n+0000f430: 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 s display proble\n+0000f440: 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 ms, particularly\n+0000f450: 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 . during the\n+0000f460: 2065 6172 6c79 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 early part of t\n+0000f470: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 he boot sequence\n+0000f480: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 . If you have p\n+0000f490: 726f 626c 656d 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7365 roblems,. se\n+0000f4a0: 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f t this option to\n+0000f4b0: 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 ...text... and \n+0000f4c0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c GRUB will tell L\n+0000f4d0: 696e 7578 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e0a inux to boot in.\n+0000f4e0: 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 normal text\n+0000f4f0: 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f mode......GRUB_\n+0000f500: 4449 5341 424c 455f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 DISABLE_OS_PROBE\n+0000f510: 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 R.... The ..\n+0000f520: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n+0000f530: 9920 6861 7320 6120 6665 6174 7572 6520 . has a feature \n+0000f540: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2065 7874 6572 to use the exter\n+0000f550: 6e61 6c20 e280 986f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 nal ...os-prober\n+0000f560: e280 990a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d .... program\n+0000f570: 2074 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 206f 7468 to discover oth\n+0000f580: 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 er operating sys\n+0000f590: 7465 6d73 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f tems installed o\n+0000f5a0: 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 n the same. \n+0000f5b0: 6d61 6368 696e 6520 616e 6420 6765 6e65 machine and gene\n+0000f5c0: 7261 7465 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 rate appropriate\n+0000f5d0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f menu entries fo\n+0000f5e0: 7220 7468 656d 2e20 2049 7420 6973 0a20 r them. It is. \n+0000f5f0: 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 disabled by \n+0000f600: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7369 6e63 6520 6175 default since au\n+0000f610: 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e 6420 7369 6c65 tomatic and sile\n+0000f620: 6e74 2065 7865 6375 7469 6f6e 206f 660a nt execution of.\n+0000f630: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 ...os-probe\n+0000f640: 72e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6372 6561 7469 r..., and creati\n+0000f650: 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 7320 ng boot entries \n+0000f660: 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6461 based on that da\n+0000f670: 7461 2c20 6973 2061 0a20 2020 2020 706f ta, is a. po\n+0000f680: 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6174 7461 636b 2076 tential attack v\n+0000f690: 6563 746f 722e 2020 5365 7420 7468 6973 ector. Set this\n+0000f6a0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6661 option to ...fa\n+0000f6b0: 6c73 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 lse... to enable\n+0000f6c0: 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2066 6561 7475 this. featu\n+0000f6d0: 7265 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 re in the ...gru\n+0000f6e0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 636f b-mkconfig... co\n+0000f6f0: 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f mmand......GRUB_\n+0000f700: 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 525f 534b 4950 5f4c OS_PROBER_SKIP_L\n+0000f710: 4953 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 IST.... List\n+0000f720: 206f 6620 7370 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 of space-separa\n+0000f730: 7465 6420 4653 2055 5549 4473 206f 6620 ted FS UUIDs of \n+0000f740: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2062 filesystems to b\n+0000f750: 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 e ignored from. \n+0000f760: 2020 2020 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 6f75 os-prober ou\n+0000f770: 7470 7574 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 6669 2063 tput. For efi c\n+0000f780: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6974 2773 hainloaders it's\n+0000f790: 203c 5555 4944 3e40 3c45 4649 2046 494c @.....GRUB_DISA\n+0000f7b0: 424c 455f 5355 424d 454e 55e2 8099 0a20 BLE_SUBMENU.... \n+0000f7c0: 2020 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 e280 Normally, ..\n+0000f7d0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n+0000f7e0: 9920 7769 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 . will generate \n+0000f7f0: 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 6d65 6e75 2065 top level menu e\n+0000f800: 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ntry for. th\n+0000f810: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6974 6820 6869 e kernel with hi\n+0000f820: 6768 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 ghest version nu\n+0000f830: 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 2070 7574 2061 6c6c mber and put all\n+0000f840: 206f 7468 6572 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 other found. \n+0000f850: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6f72 2061 6c74 kernels or alt\n+0000f860: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e ernative menu en\n+0000f870: 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 tries for recove\n+0000f880: 7279 206d 6f64 6520 696e 2073 7562 6d65 ry mode in subme\n+0000f890: 6e75 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 6e74 nu.. For ent\n+0000f8a0: 7269 6573 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 ries returned by\n+0000f8b0: 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 ...os-prober...\n+0000f8c0: 2066 6972 7374 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c first entry wil\n+0000f8d0: 6c20 6265 2070 7574 206f 6e20 746f 700a l be put on top.\n+0000f8e0: 2020 2020 206c 6576 656c 2061 6e64 2061 level and a\n+0000f8f0: 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 7320 696e 2073 7562 ll others in sub\n+0000f900: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f menu. If this o\n+0000f910: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ption is set to \n+0000f920: e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 ...true...,. \n+0000f930: 2066 6c61 7420 6d65 6e75 2077 6974 6820 flat menu with \n+0000f940: 616c 6c20 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 all entries on t\n+0000f950: 6f70 206c 6576 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 op level will be\n+0000f960: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7465 generated inste\n+0000f970: 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e ad.. Changin\n+0000f980: 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 g this option wi\n+0000f990: 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 7265 2063 6861 6e67 ll require chang\n+0000f9a0: 696e 6720 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2076 616c ing existing val\n+0000f9b0: 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 ues of. ...G\n+0000f9c0: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 2c20 RUB_DEFAULT..., \n+0000f9d0: e280 9866 616c 6c62 6163 6be2 8099 2028 ...fallback... (\n+0000f9e0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 3a3a *note fallback::\n+0000f9f0: 2920 616e 6420 e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 ) and ...default\n+0000fa00: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ... (*note. \n+0000fa10: 6465 6661 756c 743a 3a29 2065 6e76 6972 default::) envir\n+0000fa20: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+0000fa30: 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7361 7665 as well as save\n+0000fa40: 6420 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 790a d default entry.\n+0000fa50: 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 using ...gr\n+0000fa60: 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 ub-set-default..\n+0000fa70: 9920 616e 6420 7661 6c75 6520 7573 6564 . and value used\n+0000fa80: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d 7265 with ...grub-re\n+0000fa90: 626f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 boot.........GRU\n+0000faa0: 425f 454e 4142 4c45 5f43 5259 5054 4f44 B_ENABLE_CRYPTOD\n+0000fab0: 4953 4be2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2073 ISK.... If s\n+0000fac0: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 992c 20e2 et to ...y..., .\n+0000fad0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n+0000fae0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 .. and ...grub-i\n+0000faf0: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2063 nstall... will c\n+0000fb00: 6865 636b 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 656e heck for. en\n+0000fb10: 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 616e crypted disks an\n+0000fb20: 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 6464 6974 d generate addit\n+0000fb30: 696f 6e61 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206e ional commands n\n+0000fb40: 6565 6465 6420 746f 2061 6363 6573 730a eeded to access.\n+0000fb50: 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 6475 7269 6e67 them during\n+0000fb60: 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 boot. Note tha\n+0000fb70: 7420 696e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2075 t in this case u\n+0000fb80: 6e61 7474 656e 6465 6420 626f 6f74 2069 nattended boot i\n+0000fb90: 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 s not. possi\n+0000fba0: 626c 6520 6265 6361 7573 6520 4752 5542 ble because GRUB\n+0000fbb0: 2077 696c 6c20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2070 will wait for p\n+0000fbc0: 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 746f 2075 6e6c assphrase to unl\n+0000fbd0: 6f63 6b20 656e 6372 7970 7465 640a 2020 ock encrypted. \n+0000fbe0: 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2e0a 0ae2 container....\n+0000fbf0: 8098 4752 5542 5f49 4e49 545f 5455 4e45 ..GRUB_INIT_TUNE\n+0000fc00: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 .... Play a \n+0000fc10: 7475 6e65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6561 tune on the spea\n+0000fc20: 6b65 7220 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7374 ker when GRUB st\n+0000fc30: 6172 7473 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2070 arts. This is p\n+0000fc40: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 790a 2020 2020 articularly. \n+0000fc50: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 7573 6572 useful for user\n+0000fc60: 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7365 6520 s unable to see \n+0000fc70: 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 the screen. The\n+0000fc80: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6973 0a20 value of this. \n+0000fc90: 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7061 option is pa\n+0000fca0: 7373 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f ssed directly to\n+0000fcb0: 202a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 793a 3a2e 0a0a *note play::...\n+0000fcc0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4241 4452 414d e280 ...GRUB_BADRAM..\n+0000fcd0: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f .. If this o\n+0000fce0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2c20 4752 ption is set, GR\n+0000fcf0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6973 7375 6520 6120 UB will issue a \n+0000fd00: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6261 6472 616d 3a3a 2063 *note badram:: c\n+0000fd10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2066 ommand to. f\n+0000fd20: 696c 7465 7220 6f75 7420 7370 6563 6966 ilter out specif\n+0000fd30: 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 2052 ied regions of R\n+0000fd40: 414d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f50 5245 AM......GRUB_PRE\n+0000fd50: 4c4f 4144 5f4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a LOAD_MODULES....\n+0000fd60: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n+0000fd70: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 may be set to a\n+0000fd80: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2047 5255 4220 6d6f list of GRUB mo\n+0000fd90: 6475 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2073 6570 6172 dule names separ\n+0000fda0: 6174 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7061 ated by. spa\n+0000fdb0: 6365 732e 2020 4561 6368 206d 6f64 756c ces. Each modul\n+0000fdc0: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 e will be loaded\n+0000fdd0: 2061 7320 6561 726c 7920 6173 2070 6f73 as early as pos\n+0000fde0: 7369 626c 652c 2061 7420 7468 650a 2020 sible, at the. \n+0000fdf0: 2020 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 e280 9867 start of ...g\n+0000fe00: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 rub.cfg.........\n+0000fe10: 4752 5542 5f52 4543 4f52 4446 4149 4c5f GRUB_RECORDFAIL_\n+0000fe20: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 TIMEOUT.... \n+0000fe30: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n+0000fe40: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 s set, it overri\n+0000fe50: 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 des the default \n+0000fe60: 7265 636f 7264 6661 696c 2073 6574 7469 recordfail setti\n+0000fe70: 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 2073 6574 7469 ng.. A setti\n+0000fe80: 6e67 206f 6620 2d31 2063 6175 7365 7320 ng of -1 causes \n+0000fe90: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 GRUB to wait for\n+0000fea0: 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 7420 696e 6465 user input inde\n+0000feb0: 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2048 finitely.. H\n+0000fec0: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6120 6661 6c73 6520 owever, a false \n+0000fed0: 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e20 7468 6520 positive in the \n+0000fee0: 7265 636f 7264 6661 696c 206d 6563 6861 recordfail mecha\n+0000fef0: 6e69 736d 206d 6179 206f 6363 7572 2069 nism may occur i\n+0000ff00: 660a 2020 2020 2070 6f77 6572 2069 7320 f. power is \n+0000ff10: 6c6f 7374 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 lost during boot\n+0000ff20: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 2073 7563 before boot suc\n+0000ff30: 6365 7373 2069 7320 7265 636f 7264 6564 cess is recorded\n+0000ff40: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 7365 7273 7061 in. userspa\n+0000ff50: 6365 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ce. The default\n+0000ff60: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7320 3330 2c20 setting is 30, \n+0000ff70: 7768 6963 6820 6361 7573 6573 2047 5255 which causes GRU\n+0000ff80: 4220 746f 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 B to wait. f\n+0000ff90: 6f72 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 7420 666f or user input fo\n+0000ffa0: 7220 7468 6972 7479 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 r thirty seconds\n+0000ffb0: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6e74 696e 7569 before continui\n+0000ffc0: 6e67 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6465 6661 756c ng. This defaul\n+0000ffd0: 740a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 696e t. allows in\n+0000ffe0: 7465 7261 6374 6976 6520 7573 6572 7320 teractive users \n+0000fff0: 7468 6520 6f70 706f 7274 756e 6974 7920 the opportunity \n+00010000: 746f 2073 7769 7463 6820 746f 2061 2064 to switch to a d\n+00010010: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 ifferent,. w\n+00010020: 6f72 6b69 6e67 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2077 orking kernel, w\n+00010030: 6869 6c65 2061 766f 6964 696e 6720 6120 hile avoiding a \n+00010040: 6661 6c73 6520 706f 7369 7469 7665 2063 false positive c\n+00010050: 6175 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 ausing the boot \n+00010060: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 696e to. block in\n+00010070: 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 6865 definitely on he\n+00010080: 6164 6c65 7373 2061 6e64 2061 7070 6c69 adless and appli\n+00010090: 616e 6365 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6865 ance systems whe\n+000100a0: 7265 2061 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 2074 re access. t\n+000100b0: 6f20 6120 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6973 2072 o a console is r\n+000100c0: 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 6f72 206c 696d estricted or lim\n+000100d0: 6974 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 ited... This\n+000100e0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 option is only \n+000100f0: 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 7768 656e 2047 effective when G\n+00010100: 5255 4220 7761 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 RUB was configur\n+00010110: 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 ed with the. \n+00010120: 20e2 8098 2d2d 656e 6162 6c65 2d71 7569 ...--enable-qui\n+00010130: 636b 2d62 6f6f 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f ck-boot... optio\n+00010140: 6e2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5245 434f n......GRUB_RECO\n+00010150: 5645 5259 5f54 4954 4c45 e280 990a 2020 VERY_TITLE.... \n+00010160: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 This option s\n+00010170: 6574 7320 7468 6520 456e 676c 6973 6820 ets the English \n+00010180: 7465 7874 206f 6620 7468 6520 7374 7269 text of the stri\n+00010190: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 650a ng that will be.\n+000101a0: 2020 2020 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2069 displayed i\n+000101b0: 6e20 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 746f n parentheses to\n+000101c0: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 7468 6174 2061 indicate that a\n+000101d0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 boot option is \n+000101e0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 0a20 2020 2020 746f provided. to\n+000101f0: 2068 656c 7020 7573 6572 7320 7265 636f help users reco\n+00010200: 7665 7220 6120 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 ver a broken sys\n+00010210: 7465 6d2e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c tem. The defaul\n+00010220: 7420 6973 2022 7265 636f 7665 7279 0a20 t is \"recovery. \n+00010230: 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 222e 0a0a 2020 2054 mode\"... T\n+00010240: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 he following opt\n+00010250: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2073 7469 6c6c 2061 ions are still a\n+00010260: 6363 6570 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f 6d70 ccepted for comp\n+00010270: 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 0a65 atibility with.e\n+00010280: 7869 7374 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 xisting configur\n+00010290: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 6861 7665 ations, but have\n+000102a0: 2062 6574 7465 7220 7265 706c 6163 656d better replacem\n+000102b0: 656e 7473 3a0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 ents:.....GRUB_H\n+000102c0: 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 IDDEN_TIMEOUT...\n+000102d0: 0a20 2020 2020 5761 6974 2074 6869 7320 . Wait this \n+000102e0: 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 many seconds bef\n+000102f0: 6f72 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 ore displaying t\n+00010300: 6865 206d 656e 752e 2020 4966 203c 4553 he menu. If or. \n+00010320: 6172 6520 7072 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 are pressed, or \n+00010330: 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 6973 2068 656c 6420 is held \n+00010340: 646f 776e 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6174 down during that\n+00010350: 2074 696d 652c 2064 6973 706c 6179 0a20 time, display. \n+00010360: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 the menu and\n+00010370: 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 696e 7075 7420 wait for input \n+00010380: 6163 636f 7264 696e 6720 746f 20e2 8098 according to ...\n+00010390: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 992e GRUB_TIMEOUT....\n+000103a0: 2020 4966 2061 0a20 2020 2020 686f 746b If a. hotk\n+000103b0: 6579 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 ey associated wi\n+000103c0: 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 th a menu entry \n+000103d0: 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 626f 6f74 is pressed, boot\n+000103e0: 2074 6865 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 640a the associated.\n+000103f0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 menu entry \n+00010400: 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 immediately. If\n+00010410: 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 the timeout exp\n+00010420: 6972 6573 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6569 7468 ires before eith\n+00010430: 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7365 er of. these\n+00010440: 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6469 7370 6c61 happens, displa\n+00010450: 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2066 6f72 2074 y the menu for t\n+00010460: 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 he number of sec\n+00010470: 6f6e 6473 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a20 onds specified. \n+00010480: 2020 2020 696e 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 in ...GRUB_T\n+00010490: 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 6265 666f 7265 IMEOUT... before\n+000104a0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 booting the def\n+000104b0: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 ault entry... \n+000104c0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 6574 20e2 8098 If you set ...\n+000104d0: 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIME\n+000104e0: 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 796f 7520 7368 6f75 OUT..., you shou\n+000104f0: 6c64 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 740a 2020 2020 ld also set. \n+00010500: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+00010510: 3d30 e280 9920 736f 2074 6861 7420 7468 =0... so that th\n+00010520: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6469 e menu is not di\n+00010530: 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6174 2061 6c6c 2075 splayed at all u\n+00010540: 6e6c 6573 730a 2020 2020 203c 4553 433e nless. \n+00010550: 206f 7220 3c46 343e 2061 7265 2070 7265 or are pre\n+00010560: 7373 6564 2c20 6f72 203c 5348 4946 543e ssed, or \n+00010570: 2069 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a0a is held down...\n+00010580: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n+00010590: 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 is unset by def\n+000105a0: 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 ault, and is dep\n+000105b0: 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 recated in favou\n+000105c0: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 r of the. le\n+000105d0: 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 ss confusing ...\n+000105e0: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n+000105f0: 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 LE=countdown... \n+00010600: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f or. ...GRUB_\n+00010610: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 TIMEOUT_STYLE=hi\n+00010620: 6464 656e e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 dden.........GRU\n+00010630: 425f 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 B_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT\n+00010640: 5f51 5549 4554 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 _QUIET.... 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This op\n+00010710: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 tion is unset by\n+00010720: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 default, and is\n+00010730: 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 deprecated in f\n+00010740: 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 avour of the. \n+00010750: 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 less confusing\n+00010760: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+00010770: 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e _STYLE=countdown\n+00010780: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4849 .........GRUB_HI\n+00010790: 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 DDEN_TIMEOUT_BUT\n+000107a0: 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5661 7269 TON.... Vari\n+000107b0: 616e 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 ant of ...GRUB_H\n+000107c0: 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 IDDEN_TIMEOUT...\n+000107d0: 2c20 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 , used to suppor\n+000107e0: 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 t vendor-specifi\n+000107f0: 630a 2020 2020 2070 6f77 6572 2062 7574 c. power but\n+00010800: 746f 6e73 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2056 656e tons. *Note Ven\n+00010810: 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 dor power-on key\n+00010820: 733a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 s::... This \n+00010830: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 option is unset \n+00010840: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 by default, and \n+00010850: 6973 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e is deprecated in\n+00010860: 2066 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 favour of the. \n+00010870: 2020 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 less confusi\n+00010880: 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f ng ...GRUB_TIMEO\n+00010890: 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f UT_STYLE=countdo\n+000108a0: 776e e280 9920 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 e280 wn... or. ..\n+000108b0: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 .GRUB_TIMEOUT_ST\n+000108c0: 594c 453d 6869 6464 656e e280 992e 0a0a YLE=hidden......\n+000108d0: 2020 2046 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 For more deta\n+000108e0: 696c 6564 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7361 7469 iled customisati\n+000108f0: 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b on of ...grub-mk\n+00010900: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9927 7320 6f75 7470 config...'s outp\n+00010910: 7574 2c20 796f 7520 6d61 790a 6564 6974 ut, you may.edit\n+00010920: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6970 7473 2069 6e20 the scripts in \n+00010930: e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 e280 .../etc/grub.d..\n+00010940: 9920 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 20e2 8098 . directly. ...\n+00010950: 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f 3430 5f63 /etc/grub.d/40_c\n+00010960: 7573 746f 6de2 8099 2069 730a 7061 7274 ustom... is.part\n+00010970: 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 icularly useful \n+00010980: 666f 7220 6164 6469 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 for adding entir\n+00010990: 6520 6375 7374 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e e custom menu en\n+000109a0: 7472 6965 733b 2073 696d 706c 7920 7479 tries; simply ty\n+000109b0: 7065 0a74 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 pe.the menu entr\n+000109c0: 6965 7320 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 ies you want to \n+000109d0: 6164 6420 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f add at the end o\n+000109e0: 6620 7468 6174 2066 696c 652c 206d 616b f that file, mak\n+000109f0: 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 6f0a 6c65 6176 ing sure to.leav\n+00010a00: 6520 6174 206c 6561 7374 2074 6865 2066 e at least the f\n+00010a10: 6972 7374 2074 776f 206c 696e 6573 2069 irst two lines i\n+00010a20: 6e74 6163 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ntact.....File: \n+00010a30: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00010a40: 3a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 : Root Identifca\n+00010a50: 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 732c tion Heuristics,\n+00010a60: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 Next: Shell-li\n+00010a70: 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 ke scripting, P\n+00010a80: 7265 763a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 rev: Simple conf\n+00010a90: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 iguration, Up: \n+00010aa0: 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 0a36 Configuration..6\n+00010ab0: 2e32 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 .2 Root Identifc\n+00010ac0: 6174 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 ation Heuristics\n+00010ad0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00010ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00010af0: 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 ==..If the targe\n+00010b00: 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 t operating syst\n+00010b10: 656d 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 em uses the Linu\n+00010b20: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 e280 9867 7275 x kernel, ...gru\n+00010b30: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a 6174 b-mkconfig....at\n+00010b40: 7465 6d70 7473 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 tempts to identi\n+00010b50: 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 fy the root file\n+00010b60: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7669 6120 6120 6865 system via a he\n+00010b70: 7572 6973 7469 6320 616c 676f 6972 7468 uristic algoirth\n+00010b80: 6d2e 0a54 6869 7320 616c 676f 7269 7468 m..This algorith\n+00010b90: 6d20 7365 6c65 6374 7320 7468 6520 6964 m selects the id\n+00010ba0: 656e 7469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 206d 6574 entification met\n+00010bb0: 686f 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 hod of the root \n+00010bc0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6279 2063 file system.by c\n+00010bd0: 6f6e 7369 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6872 6565 onsidering three\n+00010be0: 2066 6163 746f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 2066 factors. The f\n+00010bf0: 6972 7374 2069 7320 6966 2061 6e20 696e irst is if an in\n+00010c00: 6974 7264 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6172 itrd for the tar\n+00010c10: 6765 740a 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 get.operating sy\n+00010c20: 7374 656d 2069 7320 616c 736f 2070 7265 stem is also pre\n+00010c30: 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6563 6f6e sent. The secon\n+00010c40: 6420 6973 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 d is....GRUB_DIS\n+00010c50: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 ABLE_LINUX_UUID.\n+00010c60: 8099 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7365 7420 746f .. and if set to\n+00010c70: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2070 7265 ...true..., pre\n+00010c80: 7665 6e74 7320 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b vents ...grub-mk\n+00010c90: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a 6672 6f6d 2069 config....from i\n+00010ca0: 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2072 dentifying the r\n+00010cb0: 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 oot file system \n+00010cc0: 6279 2069 7473 2055 5549 442e 2054 6865 by its UUID. 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If the variab\n+00010d90: 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6173 7369 676e 6564 les are assigned\n+00010da0: 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2076 616c 7565 any other value\n+00010db0: 2c0a 7468 6174 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 ,.that value is \n+00010dc0: 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2065 7175 6976 considered equiv\n+00010dd0: 616c 656e 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 alent to ...fals\n+00010de0: 65e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 e.... The varia\n+00010df0: 626c 6573 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f0a 636f bles are also.co\n+00010e00: 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2073 nsidered to be s\n+00010e10: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c 7365 e280 et to ...false..\n+00010e20: 9920 6966 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6e6f . if they are no\n+00010e30: 7420 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 t set... 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When position\n-00012310: 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 al variable name\n-00012320: 7320 6172 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 s are active,.ot\n-00012330: 6865 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 her special vari\n-00012340: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 20e2 8098 40e2 able names ...@.\n-00012350: 8099 2c20 e280 982a e280 9920 616e 6420 .., ...*... and \n-00012360: e280 9823 e280 9920 6172 6520 6465 6669 ...#... are defi\n-00012370: 6e65 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 0a65 7870 ned and they.exp\n-00012380: 616e 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 6974 and to all posit\n-00012390: 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 ional parameters\n-000123a0: 2077 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 with necessary \n-000123b0: 7175 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 6974 696f quoting, positio\n-000123c0: 6e61 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 nal.parameters w\n-000123d0: 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 756f 7469 ithout any quoti\n-000123e0: 6e67 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 7469 6f6e ng, and position\n-000123f0: 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2063 6f75 al parameter cou\n-00012400: 6e74 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e nt.respectively.\n-00012410: 0a0a 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ..Comments.=====\n-00012420: 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 6265 6769 ===..A word begi\n-00012430: 6e6e 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 23e2 nning with ...#.\n-00012440: 8099 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 2077 .. causes that w\n-00012450: 6f72 6420 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 ord and all rema\n-00012460: 696e 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 ining characters\n-00012470: 0a6f 6e20 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 746f .on that line to\n-00012480: 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 be ignored...Si\n-00012490: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d mple commands.==\n-000124a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 =============..A\n-000124b0: 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 ...simple comma\n-000124c0: 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 2061 2073 6571 7565 nd... is a seque\n-000124d0: 6e63 6520 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2073 6570 nce of words sep\n-000124e0: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 arated by spaces\n-000124f0: 206f 7220 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 or tabs.and ter\n-00012500: 6d69 6e61 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 656d minated by a sem\n-00012510: 6963 6f6c 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 6e65 776c icolon or a newl\n-00012520: 696e 652e 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ine. The first \n-00012530: 776f 7264 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 0a74 word specifies.t\n-00012540: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 he command to be\n-00012550: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 executed. The \n-00012560: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 remaining words \n-00012570: 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2061 7320 6172 are passed as ar\n-00012580: 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 746f 2074 6865 2069 guments.to the i\n-00012590: 6e76 6f6b 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a nvoked command..\n-000125a0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 . The return v\n-000125b0: 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 alue of a simple\n-000125c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6974 7320 command is its \n-000125d0: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 2020 4966 exit status. If\n-000125e0: 2074 6865 0a72 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f the.reserved wo\n-000125f0: 7264 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 2070 7265 6365 rd ...!... prece\n-00012600: 6465 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c des the command,\n-00012610: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e then the return\n-00012620: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 value is instea\n-00012630: 640a 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 6e65 d.the logical ne\n-00012640: 6761 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f gation of the co\n-00012650: 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 mmand's exit sta\n-00012660: 7475 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 tus...Compound c\n-00012670: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ommands.========\n-00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c =========..A ...\n-00012690: 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 compound command\n-000126a0: e280 9d20 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 ... is one of th\n-000126b0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 666f e following:..fo\n-000126c0: 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 574f 5244 202e r NAME in WORD .\n-000126d0: 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e ..; do LIST; don\n-000126e0: 650a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 e. The list \n-000126f0: 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 of words followi\n-00012700: 6e67 20e2 8098 696e e280 9920 6973 2065 ng ...in... is e\n-00012710: 7870 616e 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 xpanded, generat\n-00012720: 696e 6720 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 ing a list of. \n-00012730: 2020 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 items. The v\n-00012740: 6172 6961 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 ariable NAME is \n-00012750: 7365 7420 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d set to each elem\n-00012760: 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 ent of this list\n-00012770: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 in. turn, a\n-00012780: 6e64 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 nd LIST is execu\n-00012790: 7465 6420 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 ted each time. \n-000127a0: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 The return value\n-000127b0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 is the exit. \n-000127c0: 2020 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 status of the \n-000127d0: 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 last command tha\n-000127e0: 7420 6578 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 t executes. If \n-000127f0: 7468 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 the expansion of\n-00012800: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 the. items \n-00012810: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 e280 9869 6ee2 following ...in.\n-00012820: 8099 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 616e .. results in an\n-00012830: 2065 6d70 7479 206c 6973 742c 206e 6f20 empty list, no \n-00012840: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a20 2020 commands are. \n-00012850: 2020 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 616e 6420 executed, and \n-00012860: 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 the return statu\n-00012870: 7320 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 s is 0...if LIST\n-00012880: 3b20 7468 656e 204c 4953 543b 205b 656c ; then LIST; [el\n-00012890: 6966 204c 4953 543b 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 if LIST; then LI\n-000128a0: 5354 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 204c ST;] ... [else L\n-000128b0: 4953 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 2020 5468 IST;] fi. Th\n-000128c0: 6520 e280 9869 66e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 e ...if... LIST \n-000128d0: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2077 6865 is executed, whe\n-000128e0: 7265 204c 4953 5420 6973 2061 2073 6572 re LIST is a ser\n-000128f0: 6965 7320 6f66 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 ies of ...simple\n-00012900: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d . command...\n-00012910: 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 s separated by a\n-00012920: 2022 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 6974 7320 6578 \";\". If its ex\n-00012930: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 it status of the\n-00012940: 206c 6173 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 last. comma\n-00012950: 6e64 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 nd is zero, the \n-00012960: e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 ...then... LIST \n-00012970: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 4f74 is executed. Ot\n-00012980: 6865 7277 6973 652c 2065 6163 680a 2020 herwise, each. \n-00012990: 2020 20e2 8098 656c 6966 e280 9920 4c49 ...elif... LI\n-000129a0: 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 ST is executed i\n-000129b0: 6e20 7475 726e 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2069 n turn, and if i\n-000129c0: 7473 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 ts last command'\n-000129d0: 7320 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 s exit. stat\n-000129e0: 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 us is zero, the \n-000129f0: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e280 corresponding ..\n-00012a00: 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 .then... LIST is\n-00012a10: 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 executed and th\n-00012a20: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 e. command c\n-00012a30: 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e20 204f 7468 6572 ompletes. Other\n-00012a40: 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9865 6c73 wise, the ...els\n-00012a50: 65e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 e... LIST is exe\n-00012a60: 6375 7465 642c 2069 660a 2020 2020 2070 cuted, if. p\n-00012a70: 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 resent. The exi\n-00012a80: 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7468 6520 t status is the \n-00012a90: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 exit status of t\n-00012aa0: 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a he last command.\n-00012ab0: 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 206f executed, o\n-00012ac0: 7220 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e r zero if no con\n-00012ad0: 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 7465 6420 7472 dition tested tr\n-00012ae0: 7565 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 2043 4f4e 443b ue...while COND;\n-00012af0: 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a75 do LIST; done.u\n-00012b00: 6e74 696c 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 ntil COND; do LI\n-00012b10: 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ST; done. Th\n-00012b20: 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f e ...while... co\n-00012b30: 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6e74 696e 756f 7573 mmand continuous\n-00012b40: 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 ly executes the \n-00012b50: e280 9864 6fe2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6173 ...do... LIST as\n-00012b60: 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 2020 2020 7468 long as. th\n-00012b70: 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 e last command i\n-00012b80: 6e20 434f 4e44 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2061 n COND returns a\n-00012b90: 6e20 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 n exit status of\n-00012ba0: 207a 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 7265 2043 4f4e zero, where CON\n-00012bb0: 440a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 D. is a list\n-00012bc0: 206f 6620 e280 9c73 696d 706c 6520 636f of ...simple co\n-00012bd0: 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 mmand...s separa\n-00012be0: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2054 ted by a \";\". T\n-00012bf0: 6865 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 0a20 he ...until.... \n-00012c00: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2069 command is i\n-00012c10: 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 7468 6520 dentical to the \n-00012c20: e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ...while... comm\n-00012c30: 616e 642c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 and, except that\n-00012c40: 2074 6865 2074 6573 740a 2020 2020 2069 the test. i\n-00012c50: 7320 6e65 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 20e2 s negated; the .\n-00012c60: 8098 646f e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 ..do... LIST is \n-00012c70: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 executed as long\n-00012c80: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d as the last com\n-00012c90: 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2043 4f4e mand. in CON\n-00012ca0: 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d D returns a non-\n-00012cb0: 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 zero exit status\n-00012cc0: 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 . The exit stat\n-00012cd0: 7573 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 us of the. .\n-00012ce0: 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 ..while... and .\n-00012cf0: 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..until... comma\n-00012d00: 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 nds is the exit \n-00012d10: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 status of the la\n-00012d20: 7374 20e2 8098 646f e280 990a 2020 2020 st ...do.... \n-00012d30: 204c 4953 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 LIST command ex\n-00012d40: 6563 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 ecuted, or zero \n-00012d50: 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 if none was exec\n-00012d60: 7574 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 uted...function \n-00012d70: 4e41 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 NAME { COMMAND; \n-00012d80: 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ... }. This \n-00012d90: 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 defines a functi\n-00012da0: 6f6e 206e 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 on named NAME. \n-00012db0: 5468 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 79e2 809d 206f The ...body... o\n-00012dc0: 6620 7468 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 f the function i\n-00012dd0: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 s. the list \n-00012de0: 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 7468 of commands with\n-00012df0: 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2065 6163 6820 in braces, each \n-00012e00: 6f66 2077 6869 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 of which must be\n-00012e10: 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 . terminated\n-00012e20: 2077 6974 6820 6120 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f with a semicolo\n-00012e30: 6e20 6f72 2061 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 n or a newline. \n-00012e40: 2054 6869 7320 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f This list of co\n-00012e50: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c mmands. will\n-00012e60: 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2077 6865 be executed whe\n-00012e70: 6e65 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7370 never NAME is sp\n-00012e80: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2074 6865 206e ecified as the n\n-00012e90: 616d 6520 6f66 2061 2073 696d 706c 650a ame of a simple.\n-00012ea0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 command. F\n-00012eb0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 7469 unction definiti\n-00012ec0: 6f6e 7320 646f 206e 6f74 2061 6666 6563 ons do not affec\n-00012ed0: 7420 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 t the exit statu\n-00012ee0: 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 3fe2 s in. ...$?.\n-00012ef0: 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 ... When execut\n-00012f00: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 ed, the exit sta\n-00012f10: 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f tus of a functio\n-00012f20: 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 740a 2020 n is the exit. \n-00012f30: 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 status of the\n-00012f40: 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 last command ex\n-00012f50: 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f ecuted in the bo\n-00012f60: 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 dy...menuentry T\n-00012f70: 4954 4c45 205b e280 982d 2d63 6c61 7373 ITLE [...--class\n-00012f80: 3d63 6c61 7373 e280 9920 2e2e 2e5d 205b =class... ...] [\n-00012f90: e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 ...--users=users\n-00012fa0: e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 ...] [...--unres\n-00012fb0: 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 5d20 5be2 8098 tricted...] [...\n-00012fc0: 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 e280 995d --hotkey=key...]\n-00012fd0: 205b e280 982d 2d69 643d 6964 e280 995d [...--id=id...]\n-00012fe0: 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 { COMMAND; ... \n-00012ff0: 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 206d 656e }. *Note men\n-00013000: 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 6c74 uentry::...Built\n-00013010: 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d -in Commands.===\n-00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00013030: 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 636f Some built-in co\n-00013040: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 mmands are also \n-00013050: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 provided by GRUB\n-00013060: 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 656c 7020 script to help \n-00013070: 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 7273 2070 script.writers p\n-00013080: 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f 6e73 2074 erform actions t\n-00013090: 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 7277 6973 hat are otherwis\n-000130a0: 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 e not possible. \n-000130b0: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 7468 For example,.th\n-000130c0: 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 636f 6d6d ese include comm\n-000130d0: 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f 7574 ands to jump out\n-000130e0: 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 686f of a loop witho\n-000130f0: 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 ut fully complet\n-00013100: 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 6272 ing.it, etc...br\n-00013110: 6561 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 eak [...n...]. \n-00013120: 2020 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 Exit from wit\n-00013130: 6869 6e20 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c hin a ...for...,\n-00013140: 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 ...while..., or\n-00013150: 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f ...until... loo\n-00013160: 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 p. If ...n... i\n-00013170: 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 s. specified\n-00013180: 2c20 6272 6561 6b20 e280 986e e280 9920 , break ...n... \n-00013190: 6c65 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 levels. ...n...\n-000131a0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 must be greater\n-000131b0: 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 than or equal t\n-000131c0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 2049 6620 e280 o. 1. If ..\n-000131d0: 986e e280 9920 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 .n... is greater\n-000131e0: 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 than the number\n-000131f0: 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f of enclosing lo\n-00013200: 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 656e ops, all. en\n-00013210: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 closing loops ar\n-00013220: 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2072 e exited. The r\n-00013230: 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2030 eturn value is 0\n-00013240: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 986e e280 9920 unless ...n... \n-00013250: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 is. not grea\n-00013260: 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 ter than or equa\n-00013270: 6c20 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 l to 1...continu\n-00013280: 6520 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 e [...n...]. \n-00013290: 2052 6573 756d 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7874 Resume the next\n-000132a0: 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 iteration of th\n-000132b0: 6520 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 e280 9866 e enclosing ...f\n-000132c0: 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 or..., ...while.\n-000132d0: 8099 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 756e .. or. ...un\n-000132e0: 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 til... loop. If\n-000132f0: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 7370 6563 ...n... is spec\n-00013300: 6966 6965 642c 2072 6573 756d 6520 6174 ified, resume at\n-00013310: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 7468 2065 the ...n...th e\n-00013320: 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f nclosing. lo\n-00013330: 6f70 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 op. ...n... mus\n-00013340: 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 t be greater tha\n-00013350: 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e n or equal to 1.\n-00013360: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 If ...n... is \n-00013370: 6772 6561 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 greater. tha\n-00013380: 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 n the number of \n-00013390: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c enclosing loops,\n-000133a0: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 the last enclos\n-000133b0: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 ing loop (the. \n-000133c0: 2020 20e2 809c 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6ce2 ...top-level.\n-000133d0: 809d 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 7265 7375 .. loop) is resu\n-000133e0: 6d65 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e med. The return\n-000133f0: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 3020 756e 6c65 value is 0 unle\n-00013400: 7373 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 ss ...n... is. \n-00013410: 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 not greater t\n-00013420: 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 han or equal to \n-00013430: 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e 205b e280 986e 1...return [...n\n-00013440: e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 7573 6573 ...]. Causes\n-00013450: 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2065 a function to e\n-00013460: 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 6574 xit with the ret\n-00013470: 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 6563 6966 urn value specif\n-00013480: 6965 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2e0a ied by ...n.....\n-00013490: 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 If ...n... \n-000134a0: 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 6520 is omitted, the \n-000134b0: 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 return status is\n-000134c0: 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 that of the las\n-000134d0: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 t command. e\n-000134e0: 7865 6375 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 xecuted in the f\n-000134f0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 2049 unction body. I\n-00013500: 6620 7573 6564 206f 7574 7369 6465 2061 f used outside a\n-00013510: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 function the. \n-00013520: 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7374 6174 7573 return status\n-00013530: 2069 7320 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 is false...setp\n-00013540: 6172 616d 7320 5be2 8098 6172 67e2 8099 arams [...arg...\n-00013550: 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6570 6c61 ] .... Repla\n-00013560: 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 ce positional pa\n-00013570: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 7461 7274 696e rameters startin\n-00013580: 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2431 e280 9920 g with ...$1... \n-00013590: 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 with arguments t\n-000135a0: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6172 o. ...setpar\n-000135b0: 616d 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b ams......shift [\n-000135c0: e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ...n...]. Th\n-000135d0: 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 e positional par\n-000135e0: 616d 6574 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 ameters from ...\n-000135f0: 6ee2 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 7265 2072 n...+1 ... are r\n-00013600: 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 enamed to ...$1.\n-00013610: 8099 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5061 7261 ....... Para\n-00013620: 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 meters represent\n-00013630: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 ed by the number\n-00013640: 7320 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2064 6f77 6e20 s ...$#... down \n-00013650: 746f 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992d e280 986e to ...$#...-...n\n-00013660: e280 992b 3120 6172 650a 2020 2020 2075 ...+1 are. u\n-00013670: 6e73 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d nset. ...n... m\n-00013680: 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e 6567 ust be a non-neg\n-00013690: 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206c 6573 ative number les\n-000136a0: 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 s than or equal \n-000136b0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 23e2 8099 to. ...$#...\n-000136c0: 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 . If ...n... is\n-000136d0: 2030 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 0, no parameter\n-000136e0: 7320 6172 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 s are changed. \n-000136f0: 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6e6f If ...n... is no\n-00013700: 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 t. given, it\n-00013710: 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 is assumed to b\n-00013720: 6520 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 e 1. If ...n...\n-00013730: 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e is greater than\n-00013740: 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992c 2074 6865 0a20 ...$#..., the. \n-00013750: 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 positional p\n-00013760: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f arameters are no\n-00013770: 7420 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 t changed. The \n-00013780: 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 return status is\n-00013790: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 . greater th\n-000137a0: 616e 207a 6572 6f20 6966 20e2 8098 6ee2 an zero if ...n.\n-000137b0: 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 .. is greater th\n-000137c0: 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 9920 6f72 206c an ...$#... or l\n-000137d0: 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f3b 0a20 ess than zero;. \n-000137e0: 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 302e otherwise 0.\n-000137f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00013800: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c nfo, Node: Shel\n-00013810: 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l-like scripting\n-00013820: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a -Footnotes, Up:\n-00013830: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 Shell-like scri\n-00013840: 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 pting.. (1) Cu\n-00013850: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 6261 636b 736c rrently a backsl\n-00013860: 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e 6520 7061 6972 ash-newline pair\n-00013870: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 7661 7269 6162 within a variab\n-00013880: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 206e 6f74 0a68 le name is not.h\n-00013890: 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f 7065 726c 792c andled properly,\n-000138a0: 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6973 2066 6561 so use this fea\n-000138b0: 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 736f 6d65 2063 ture with some c\n-000138c0: 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 are.....File: gr\n-000138d0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000138e0: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n-000138f0: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a l config, Next:\n-00013900: 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 Embedded config\n-00013910: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 uration, Prev: \n-00013920: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n-00013930: 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 ting, Up: Confi\n-00013940: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3420 4d75 guration..6.4 Mu\n-00013950: 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 lti-boot manual \n-00013960: 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d config.=========\n+00011750: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00011760: e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 ...grub.cfg... i\n+00011770: 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 696e 2047 5255 s written in GRU\n+00011780: 4227 7320 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 6372 B's built-in scr\n+00011790: 6970 7469 6e67 206c 616e 6775 6167 652c ipting language,\n+000117a0: 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 2061 0a73 796e which has a.syn\n+000117b0: 7461 7820 7175 6974 6520 7369 6d69 6c61 tax quite simila\n+000117c0: 7220 746f 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2047 4e55 r to that of GNU\n+000117d0: 2042 6173 6820 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 Bash and other \n+000117e0: 426f 7572 6e65 2073 6865 6c6c 0a64 6572 Bourne shell.der\n+000117f0: 6976 6174 6976 6573 2e0a 0a57 6f72 6473 ivatives...Words\n+00011800: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 e280 9c77 6f72 .=====..A ...wor\n+00011810: 64e2 809d 2069 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e d... is a sequen\n+00011820: 6365 206f 6620 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 ce of characters\n+00011830: 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 6173 2061 considered as a\n+00011840: 2073 696e 676c 6520 756e 6974 2062 790a single unit by.\n+00011850: 4752 5542 2e20 2057 6f72 6473 2061 7265 GRUB. Words are\n+00011860: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 separated by ..\n+00011870: 9c6d 6574 6163 6861 7261 6374 6572 73e2 .metacharacters.\n+00011880: 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 7468 .., which are th\n+00011890: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 706c 7573 e following.plus\n+000118a0: 2073 7061 6365 2c20 7461 622c 2061 6e64 space, tab, and\n+000118b0: 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 newline:.. \n+000118c0: 7b20 7d20 7c20 2620 2420 3b20 3c20 3e0a { } | & $ ; < >.\n+000118d0: 0a20 2020 5175 6f74 696e 6720 6d61 7920 . Quoting may \n+000118e0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 be used to inclu\n+000118f0: 6465 206d 6574 6163 6861 7261 6374 6572 de metacharacter\n+00011900: 7320 696e 2077 6f72 6473 3b20 7365 6520 s in words; see \n+00011910: 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 5265 7365 7276 6564 below...Reserved\n+00011920: 2077 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d words.=========\n+00011930: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 6573 6572 7665 6420 =====..Reserved \n+00011940: 776f 7264 7320 6861 7665 2061 2073 7065 words have a spe\n+00011950: 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 6f20 cial meaning to \n+00011960: 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 GRUB. The follow\n+00011970: 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 650a 7265 ing words are.re\n+00011980: 636f 676e 6973 6564 2061 7320 7265 7365 cognised as rese\n+00011990: 7276 6564 2077 6865 6e20 756e 7175 6f74 rved when unquot\n+000119a0: 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6974 6865 7220 7468 ed and either th\n+000119b0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 206f 6620 e first word of \n+000119c0: 610a 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 a.simple command\n+000119d0: 206f 7220 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 776f or the third wo\n+000119e0: 7264 206f 6620 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 rd of a ...for..\n+000119f0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 . command:.. \n+00011a00: 2021 205b 5b20 5d5d 207b 207d 0a20 2020 ! [[ ]] { }. \n+00011a10: 2020 6361 7365 2064 6f20 646f 6e65 2065 case do done e\n+00011a20: 6c69 6620 656c 7365 2065 7361 6320 6669 lif else esac fi\n+00011a30: 2066 6f72 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 for function. \n+00011a40: 2020 2069 6620 696e 206d 656e 7565 6e74 if in menuent\n+00011a50: 7279 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 656e 2074 ry select then t\n+00011a60: 696d 6520 756e 7469 6c20 7768 696c 650a ime until while.\n+00011a70: 0a20 2020 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 . Not all of t\n+00011a80: 6865 7365 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f hese reserved wo\n+00011a90: 7264 7320 6861 7665 2061 2075 7365 6675 rds have a usefu\n+00011aa0: 6c20 7075 7270 6f73 6520 7965 743b 2073 l purpose yet; s\n+00011ab0: 6f6d 6520 6172 650a 7265 7365 7276 6564 ome are.reserved\n+00011ac0: 2066 6f72 2066 7574 7572 6520 6578 7061 for future expa\n+00011ad0: 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5175 6f74 696e 670a nsion...Quoting.\n+00011ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a51 756f 7469 6e67 =======..Quoting\n+00011af0: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f is used to remo\n+00011b00: 7665 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d ve the special m\n+00011b10: 6561 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 6365 7274 6169 eaning of certai\n+00011b20: 6e20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 206f 720a n characters or.\n+00011b30: 776f 7264 732e 2020 4974 2063 616e 2062 words. It can b\n+00011b40: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7472 6561 7420 e used to treat \n+00011b50: 6d65 7461 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2061 metacharacters a\n+00011b60: 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 6120 776f 7264 s part of a word\n+00011b70: 2c20 746f 0a70 7265 7665 6e74 2072 6573 , to.prevent res\n+00011b80: 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 6672 6f6d erved words from\n+00011b90: 2062 6569 6e67 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 being recognise\n+00011ba0: 6420 6173 2073 7563 682c 2061 6e64 2074 d as such, and t\n+00011bb0: 6f20 7072 6576 656e 740a 7661 7269 6162 o prevent.variab\n+00011bc0: 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 le expansion... \n+00011bd0: 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7468 7265 There are thre\n+00011be0: 6520 7175 6f74 696e 6720 6d65 6368 616e e quoting mechan\n+00011bf0: 6973 6d73 3a20 7468 6520 6573 6361 7065 isms: the escape\n+00011c00: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2c20 7369 6e67 character, sing\n+00011c10: 6c65 0a71 756f 7465 732c 2061 6e64 2064 le.quotes, and d\n+00011c20: 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e0a 0a20 ouble quotes... \n+00011c30: 2020 4120 6e6f 6e2d 7175 6f74 6564 2062 A non-quoted b\n+00011c40: 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2028 5c29 2069 7320 ackslash (\\) is \n+00011c50: 7468 6520 e280 9c65 7363 6170 6520 6368 the ...escape ch\n+00011c60: 6172 6163 7465 72e2 809d 2e20 2049 7420 aracter.... It \n+00011c70: 7072 6573 6572 7665 730a 7468 6520 6c69 preserves.the li\n+00011c80: 7465 7261 6c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 teral value of t\n+00011c90: 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 he next characte\n+00011ca0: 7220 7468 6174 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 2c20 r that follows, \n+00011cb0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2065 7863 6570 7469 with the excepti\n+00011cc0: 6f6e 0a6f 6620 6e65 776c 696e 652e 0a0a on.of newline...\n+00011cd0: 2020 2045 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 2063 6861 Enclosing cha\n+00011ce0: 7261 6374 6572 7320 696e 2073 696e 676c racters in singl\n+00011cf0: 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2070 7265 7365 7276 e quotes preserv\n+00011d00: 6573 2074 6865 206c 6974 6572 616c 2076 es the literal v\n+00011d10: 616c 7565 206f 660a 6561 6368 2063 6861 alue of.each cha\n+00011d20: 7261 6374 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 racter within th\n+00011d30: 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e20 2041 2073 696e e quotes. A sin\n+00011d40: 676c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 7920 6e6f gle quote may no\n+00011d50: 7420 6f63 6375 7220 6265 7477 6565 6e0a t occur between.\n+00011d60: 7369 6e67 6c65 2071 756f 7465 732c 2065 single quotes, e\n+00011d70: 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2070 7265 6365 6465 ven when precede\n+00011d80: 6420 6279 2061 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 d by a backslash\n+00011d90: 2e0a 0a20 2020 456e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 ... 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If the.reser\n+000125f0: 7665 6420 776f 7264 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 ved word ...!...\n+00012600: 2070 7265 6365 6465 7320 7468 6520 636f precedes the co\n+00012610: 6d6d 616e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 mmand, then the \n+00012620: 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 return value is \n+00012630: 696e 7374 6561 640a 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 instead.the logi\n+00012640: 6361 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 cal negation of \n+00012650: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 the command's ex\n+00012660: 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 it status...Comp\n+00012670: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d ound commands.==\n+00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00012690: 0a41 20e2 809c 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 .A ...compound c\n+000126a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 206f 6e65 ommand... is one\n+000126b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e of the followin\n+000126c0: 673a 0a0a 666f 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 g:..for NAME in \n+000126d0: 574f 5244 202e 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c 4953 WORD ...; do LIS\n+000126e0: 543b 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2054 6865 T; done. The\n+000126f0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 list of words f\n+00012700: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 20e2 8098 696e e280 ollowing ...in..\n+00012710: 9920 6973 2065 7870 616e 6465 642c 2067 . is expanded, g\n+00012720: 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 6120 6c69 7374 enerating a list\n+00012730: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 of. items. \n+00012740: 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 4e41 The variable NA\n+00012750: 4d45 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2065 6163 ME is set to eac\n+00012760: 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6869 h element of thi\n+00012770: 7320 6c69 7374 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 s list in. t\n+00012780: 7572 6e2c 2061 6e64 204c 4953 5420 6973 urn, and LIST is\n+00012790: 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 6561 6368 2074 executed each t\n+000127a0: 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e ime. 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If the expans\n+00012800: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ion of the. \n+00012810: 6974 656d 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 items following \n+00012820: e280 9869 6ee2 8099 2072 6573 756c 7473 ...in... results\n+00012830: 2069 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 7479 206c 6973 in an empty lis\n+00012840: 742c 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 t, no commands a\n+00012850: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 7574 6564 re. executed\n+00012860: 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e , and the return\n+00012870: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 status is 0...i\n+00012880: 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 656e 204c 4953 f LIST; then LIS\n+00012890: 543b 205b 656c 6966 204c 4953 543b 2074 T; [elif LIST; t\n+000128a0: 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b hen LIST;] ... [\n+000128b0: 656c 7365 204c 4953 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 else LIST;] fi. \n+000128c0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9869 66e2 8099 The ...if...\n+000128d0: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n+000128e0: 642c 2077 6865 7265 204c 4953 5420 6973 d, where LIST is\n+000128f0: 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 20e2 809c a series of ...\n+00012900: 7369 6d70 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d simple. comm\n+00012910: 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 and...s separate\n+00012920: 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 d by a \";\". If \n+00012930: 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 its exit status \n+00012940: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 740a 2020 2020 of the last. \n+00012950: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7a65 726f command is zero\n+00012960: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 , the ...then...\n+00012970: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n+00012980: 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2065 d. Otherwise, e\n+00012990: 6163 680a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656c 6966 ach. ...elif\n+000129a0: e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 ... LIST is exec\n+000129b0: 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7475 726e 2c20 616e uted in turn, an\n+000129c0: 6420 6966 2069 7473 206c 6173 7420 636f d if its last co\n+000129d0: 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 0a20 2020 mmand's exit. \n+000129e0: 2020 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f status is zero\n+000129f0: 2c20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 , the correspond\n+00012a00: 696e 6720 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c ing ...then... L\n+00012a10: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 IST is executed \n+00012a20: 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d and the. com\n+00012a30: 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e20 mand completes. \n+00012a40: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 Otherwise, the \n+00012a50: e280 9865 6c73 65e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 ...else... LIST \n+00012a60: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2069 660a is executed, if.\n+00012a70: 2020 2020 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 present. T\n+00012a80: 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 he exit status i\n+00012a90: 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 s the exit statu\n+00012aa0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f s of the last co\n+00012ab0: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 mmand. execu\n+00012ac0: 7465 642c 206f 7220 7a65 726f 2069 6620 ted, or zero if \n+00012ad0: 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 no condition tes\n+00012ae0: 7465 6420 7472 7565 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 ted true...while\n+00012af0: 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 COND; do LIST; \n+00012b00: 646f 6e65 0a75 6e74 696c 2043 4f4e 443b done.until COND;\n+00012b10: 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 do LIST; done. \n+00012b20: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 The ...while\n+00012b30: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6e74 ... command cont\n+00012b40: 696e 756f 7573 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 inuously execute\n+00012b50: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9864 6fe2 8099 204c s the ...do... L\n+00012b60: 4953 5420 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 IST as long as. \n+00012b70: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d the last com\n+00012b80: 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 434f 4e44 2072 6574 mand in COND ret\n+00012b90: 7572 6e73 2061 6e20 6578 6974 2073 7461 urns an exit sta\n+00012ba0: 7475 7320 6f66 207a 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 tus of zero, whe\n+00012bb0: 7265 2043 4f4e 440a 2020 2020 2069 7320 re COND. is \n+00012bc0: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 e280 9c73 696d a list of ...sim\n+00012bd0: 706c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 ple command...s \n+00012be0: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 separated by a \"\n+00012bf0: 3b22 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 756e 7469 ;\". The ...unti\n+00012c00: 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e l.... comman\n+00012c10: 6420 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 d is identical t\n+00012c20: 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 o the ...while..\n+00012c30: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2065 7863 6570 . command, excep\n+00012c40: 7420 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 6573 740a t that the test.\n+00012c50: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6e65 6761 7465 643b is negated;\n+00012c60: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 646f e280 9920 4c49 the ...do... LI\n+00012c70: 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 ST is executed a\n+00012c80: 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c61 s long as the la\n+00012c90: 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 st command. \n+00012ca0: 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 in COND returns \n+00012cb0: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 a non-zero exit \n+00012cc0: 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 status. The exi\n+00012cd0: 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 650a t status of the.\n+00012ce0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 ...while...\n+00012cf0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 and ...until...\n+00012d00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 commands is the\n+00012d10: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 exit status of \n+00012d20: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 20e2 8098 646f e280 the last ...do..\n+00012d30: 990a 2020 2020 204c 4953 5420 636f 6d6d .. LIST comm\n+00012d40: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 and executed, or\n+00012d50: 207a 6572 6f20 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 zero if none wa\n+00012d60: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e s executed...fun\n+00012d70: 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d ction NAME { COM\n+00012d80: 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 MAND; ... }. \n+00012d90: 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 This defines a \n+00012da0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206e 616d 6564 204e function named N\n+00012db0: 414d 452e 2020 5468 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 AME. The ...bod\n+00012dc0: 79e2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6675 6e63 y... of the func\n+00012dd0: 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 tion is. the\n+00012de0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 list of command\n+00012df0: 7320 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c s within braces,\n+00012e00: 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 6368 206d each of which m\n+00012e10: 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d ust be. term\n+00012e20: 696e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7365 inated with a se\n+00012e30: 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 206e 6577 micolon or a new\n+00012e40: 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6c69 7374 line. This list\n+00012e50: 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 of commands. \n+00012e60: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 will be execut\n+00012e70: 6564 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 ed whenever NAME\n+00012e80: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 is specified as\n+00012e90: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 2073 the name of a s\n+00012ea0: 696d 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 imple. comma\n+00012eb0: 6e64 2e20 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6465 nd. Function de\n+00012ec0: 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 206e 6f74 finitions do not\n+00012ed0: 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 6578 6974 affect the exit\n+00012ee0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 status in. \n+00012ef0: e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 ...$?.... When \n+00012f00: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 executed, the ex\n+00012f10: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 it status of a f\n+00012f20: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 unction is the e\n+00012f30: 7869 740a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 xit. status \n+00012f40: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d of the last comm\n+00012f50: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 and executed in \n+00012f60: 7468 6520 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 the body...menue\n+00012f70: 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b e280 982d ntry TITLE [...-\n+00012f80: 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 e280 9920 -class=class... \n+00012f90: 2e2e 2e5d 205b e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 ...] [...--users\n+00012fa0: 3d75 7365 7273 e280 995d 205b e280 982d =users...] [...-\n+00012fb0: 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 -unrestricted...\n+00012fc0: 5d20 5be2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b ] [...--hotkey=k\n+00012fd0: 6579 e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d69 643d ey...] [...--id=\n+00012fe0: 6964 e280 995d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 id...] { COMMAND\n+00012ff0: 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f ; ... }. *No\n+00013000: 7465 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a te menuentry::..\n+00013010: 0a42 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e .Built-in Comman\n+00013020: 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ds.=============\n+00013030: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 ====..Some built\n+00013040: 2d69 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 -in commands are\n+00013050: 2061 6c73 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 also provided b\n+00013060: 7920 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f y GRUB script to\n+00013070: 2068 656c 7020 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 help script.wri\n+00013080: 7465 7273 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 ters perform act\n+00013090: 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 ions that are ot\n+000130a0: 6865 7277 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 herwise not poss\n+000130b0: 6962 6c65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 ible. For examp\n+000130c0: 6c65 2c0a 7468 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 le,.these includ\n+000130d0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 e commands to ju\n+000130e0: 6d70 206f 7574 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 mp out of a loop\n+000130f0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 without fully c\n+00013100: 6f6d 706c 6574 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 ompleting.it, et\n+00013110: 632e 0a0a 6272 6561 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 c...break [...n.\n+00013120: 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 6672 ..]. Exit fr\n+00013130: 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e280 9866 om within a ...f\n+00013140: 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 or..., ...while.\n+00013150: 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 .., or ...until.\n+00013160: 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 .. loop. If ...\n+00013170: 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 n... is. spe\n+00013180: 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6272 6561 6b20 e280 cified, break ..\n+00013190: 986e e280 9920 6c65 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 .n... levels. .\n+000131a0: 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 ..n... must be g\n+000131b0: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 reater than or e\n+000131c0: 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 qual to. 1. \n+000131d0: 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2067 If ...n... is g\n+000131e0: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 reater than the \n+000131f0: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 number of enclos\n+00013200: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 ing loops, all. \n+00013210: 2020 2020 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f enclosing lo\n+00013220: 6f70 7320 6172 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 ops are exited. \n+00013230: 2054 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 The return valu\n+00013240: 6520 6973 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 e is 0 unless ..\n+00013250: 986e e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f .n... is. no\n+00013260: 7420 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f t greater than o\n+00013270: 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 r equal to 1...c\n+00013280: 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 ontinue [...n...\n+00013290: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 756d 6520 7468 ]. Resume th\n+000132a0: 6520 6e65 7874 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e e next iteration\n+000132b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 656e 636c 6f73 696e of the enclosin\n+000132c0: 6720 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 g ...for..., ...\n+000132d0: 7768 696c 65e2 8099 206f 720a 2020 2020 while... or. \n+000132e0: 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f ...until... loo\n+000132f0: 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 p. If ...n... i\n+00013300: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2072 6573 s specified, res\n+00013310: 756d 6520 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 ume at the ...n.\n+00013320: 8099 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 ..th enclosing. \n+00013330: 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 loop. ...n.\n+00013340: 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 .. must be great\n+00013350: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c er than or equal\n+00013360: 2074 6f20 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 to 1. If ...n.\n+00013370: 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 720a 2020 .. is greater. \n+00013380: 2020 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 than the numb\n+00013390: 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 er of enclosing \n+000133a0: 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 loops, the last \n+000133b0: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 enclosing loop (\n+000133c0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 809c 746f 702d the. ...top-\n+000133d0: 6c65 7665 6ce2 809d 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 level... loop) i\n+000133e0: 7320 7265 7375 6d65 642e 2020 5468 6520 s resumed. The \n+000133f0: 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 return value is \n+00013400: 3020 756e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 0 unless ...n...\n+00013410: 2069 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 is. not gre\n+00013420: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 ater than or equ\n+00013430: 616c 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e al to 1...return\n+00013440: 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 [...n...]. \n+00013450: 4361 7573 6573 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f Causes a functio\n+00013460: 6e20 746f 2065 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 n to exit with t\n+00013470: 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 he return value \n+00013480: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 20e2 8098 specified by ...\n+00013490: 6ee2 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 n..... If ..\n+000134a0: 986e e280 9920 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 .n... is omitted\n+000134b0: 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 , the return sta\n+000134c0: 7475 7320 6973 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2074 tus is that of t\n+000134d0: 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a he last command.\n+000134e0: 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 696e executed in\n+000134f0: 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 626f the function bo\n+00013500: 6479 2e20 2049 6620 7573 6564 206f 7574 dy. If used out\n+00013510: 7369 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 side a function \n+00013520: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 the. return \n+00013530: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 6661 6c73 652e status is false.\n+00013540: 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 616d 7320 5be2 8098 ..setparams [...\n+00013550: 6172 67e2 8099 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 arg...] .... \n+00013560: 2052 6570 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f Replace positio\n+00013570: 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 nal parameters s\n+00013580: 7461 7274 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 tarting with ...\n+00013590: 2431 e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d $1... with argum\n+000135a0: 656e 7473 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ents to. ...\n+000135b0: 7365 7470 6172 616d 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 setparams......s\n+000135c0: 6869 6674 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 hift [...n...]. \n+000135d0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e The position\n+000135e0: 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6672 al parameters fr\n+000135f0: 6f6d 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e om ...n...+1 ...\n+00013600: 2061 7265 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 are renamed to \n+00013610: e280 9824 31e2 8099 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 ...$1........ \n+00013620: 2020 5061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 Parameters rep\n+00013630: 7265 7365 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 resented by the \n+00013640: 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 e280 9824 23e2 8099 numbers ...$#...\n+00013650: 2064 6f77 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 2423 e280 down to ...$#..\n+00013660: 992d e280 986e e280 992b 3120 6172 650a .-...n...+1 are.\n+00013670: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 unset. ...\n+00013680: 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e n... must be a n\n+00013690: 6f6e 2d6e 6567 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 on-negative numb\n+000136a0: 6572 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 er less than or \n+000136b0: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 equal to. ..\n+000136c0: 9824 23e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e .$#.... If ...n\n+000136d0: e280 9920 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 ... is 0, no par\n+000136e0: 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6368 616e ameters are chan\n+000136f0: 6765 642e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 ged. If ...n...\n+00013700: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 is not. giv\n+00013710: 656e 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 en, it is assume\n+00013720: 6420 746f 2062 6520 312e 2020 4966 20e2 d to be 1. If .\n+00013730: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 ..n... is greate\n+00013740: 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992c r than ...$#...,\n+00013750: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 the. positi\n+00013760: 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 onal parameters \n+00013770: 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 6368 616e 6765 642e are not changed.\n+00013780: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 The return sta\n+00013790: 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6772 6561 tus is. grea\n+000137a0: 7465 7220 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f20 6966 ter than zero if\n+000137b0: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 ...n... is grea\n+000137c0: 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 ter than ...$#..\n+000137d0: 9920 6f72 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a . or less than z\n+000137e0: 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 ero;. otherw\n+000137f0: 6973 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ise 0.....File: \n+00013800: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00013810: 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 : Shell-like scr\n+00013820: 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 ipting-Footnotes\n+00013830: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b , Up: Shell-lik\n+00013840: 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 e scripting.. \n+00013850: 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 (1) Currently a \n+00013860: 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e backslash-newlin\n+00013870: 6520 7061 6972 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e pair within a \n+00013880: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 variable name is\n+00013890: 206e 6f74 0a68 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f not.handled pro\n+000138a0: 7065 726c 792c 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 perly, so use th\n+000138b0: 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 is feature with \n+000138c0: 736f 6d65 2063 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 some care.....Fi\n+000138d0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000138e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 Node: Multi-boot\n+000138f0: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 manual config, \n+00013900: 204e 6578 743a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 Next: Embedded \n+00013910: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 configuration, \n+00013920: 5072 6576 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 Prev: Shell-like\n+00013930: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a scripting, Up:\n+00013940: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a Configuration..\n+00013950: 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 6.4 Multi-boot m\n+00013960: 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d anual config.===\n 00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00013980: 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 ===..Currently a\n-00013990: 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f utogenerating co\n-000139a0: 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 2066 6f72 206d nfig files for m\n-000139b0: 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f ulti-boot enviro\n-000139c0: 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 656e 6473 206f nments.depends o\n-000139d0: 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 616e 6420 n os-prober and \n-000139e0: 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7368 6f72 has several shor\n-000139f0: 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 2044 7565 2074 tcomings. Due t\n-00013a00: 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 0a64 6973 o that it is.dis\n-00013a10: 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 abled by default\n-00013a20: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 6476 6973 6564 . It is advised\n-00013a30: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 706f 7765 to use the powe\n-00013a40: 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 7379 6e74 6178 r of GRUB syntax\n-00013a50: 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 6f75 7273 and.do it yours\n-00013a60: 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f 7373 6962 6c65 elf. A possible\n-00013a70: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 configuration i\n-00013a80: 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 2068 6572 652c s detailed here,\n-00013a90: 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 2074 6f0a 6164 feel free to.ad\n-00013aa0: 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f 7572 206e 6565 just to your nee\n-00013ab0: 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 6372 ds... First cr\n-00013ac0: 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 eate a separate \n-00013ad0: 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 GRUB partition, \n-00013ae0: 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f big enough to ho\n-00013af0: 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 6f6d 650a 6f66 ld GRUB. Some.of\n-00013b00: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 the following e\n-00013b10: 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f 7720 686f 7720 ntries show how \n-00013b20: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 to load OS insta\n-00013b30: 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6672 6f6d ller images from\n-00013b40: 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 2070 6172 7469 this.same parti\n-00013b50: 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 7468 6174 2079 tion, for that y\n-00013b60: 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 6c79 206e 6565 ou obviously nee\n-00013b70: 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 d to make the pa\n-00013b80: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 650a 656e rtition large.en\n-00013b90: 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2074 686f ough to hold tho\n-00013ba0: 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6173 2077 656c se images as wel\n-00013bb0: 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 6973 2070 l. Mount this p\n-00013bc0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f 6d6e 742f artition on/mnt/\n-00013bd0: 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 6162 6c65 boot.and disable\n-00013be0: 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 6c6c 204f 5365 GRUB in all OSe\n-00013bf0: 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 s and manually i\n-00013c00: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c 662d 636f 6d70 nstall self-comp\n-00013c10: 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 740a 4752 5542 iled latest.GRUB\n-00013c20: 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 with:.. ...gr\n-00013c30: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f ub-install --boo\n-00013c40: 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 t-directory=/mnt\n-00013c50: 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 /boot /dev/sda..\n-00013c60: 990a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 ... In all the\n-00013c70: 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 OSes install GR\n-00013c80: 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 2064 6973 UB tools but dis\n-00013c90: 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 able installing \n-00013ca0: 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 6374 GRUB in.bootsect\n-00013cb0: 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6861 or, so you'll ha\n-00013cc0: 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 616e 6420 ve menu.lst and \n-00013cd0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 696c 6162 grub.cfg availab\n-00013ce0: 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a 416c 736f le for use..Also\n-00013cf0: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d 7072 6f62 disable os-prob\n-00013d00: 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e er use by settin\n-00013d10: 673a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 g:.. ...GRUB_D\n-00013d20: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 ISABLE_OS_PROBER\n-00013d30: 3d74 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 =true..... in \n-00013d40: 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 /etc/default/gru\n-00013d50: 620a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 b.. Then write\n-00013d60: 2061 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e a grub.cfg (/mn\n-00013d70: 742f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 t/boot/grub/grub\n-00013d80: 2e63 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 .cfg):... me\n-00013d90: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e nuentry \"OS usin\n-00013da0: 6720 6772 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 g grub2\" {. \n-00013db0: 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 insmod xfs. \n-00013dc0: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n-00013dd0: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n-00013de0: 4f53 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d OS1 --hint hd0,m\n-00013df0: 7364 6f73 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f sdos8. co\n-00013e00: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 nfigfile /boot/g\n-00013e10: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 rub/grub.cfg. \n-00013e20: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e }.. menuen\n-00013e30: 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 try \"OS using gr\n-00013e40: 7562 322d 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 ub2-legacy\" {. \n-00013e50: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 insmod ext\n-00013e60: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 2. search\n-00013e70: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n-00013e80: 6265 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 bel OS2 --hint h\n-00013e90: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos6. \n-00013ea0: 2020 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 legacy_configf\n-00013eb0: 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d ile /boot/grub/m\n-00013ec0: 656e 752e 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a enu.lst. }..\n-00013ed0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n-00013ee0: 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 Windows XP\" {. \n-00013ef0: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 insmod ntf\n-00013f00: 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 s. search\n-00013f10: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n-00013f20: 6265 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d bel WINDOWS_XP -\n-00013f30: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 -hint hd0,msdos1\n-00013f40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f . ntldr /\n-00013f50: 6e74 6c64 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 ntldr. }.. \n-00013f60: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 menuentry \"Wi\n-00013f70: 6e64 6f77 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 ndows 7\" {. \n-00013f80: 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 insmod ntfs. \n-00013f90: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d search --\n-00013fa0: 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c set=root --label\n-00013fb0: 2057 494e 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e WINDOWS_7 --hin\n-00013fc0: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos2. \n-00013fd0: 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 ntldr /boot\n-00013fe0: 6d67 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 mgr. }.. \n-00013ff0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 menuentry \"Free\n-00014000: 4253 4422 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD\" {. \n-00014010: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 insmod zfs\n-00014020: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00014030: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n-00014040: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f t --label freepo\n-00014050: 6f6c 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 ol --hint hd0,ms\n-00014060: 646f 7337 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dos7. \n-00014070: 2020 2020 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f 6672 kfreebsd /fr\n-00014080: 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e eebsd@/boot/kern\n-00014090: 656c 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 el/kernel. \n-000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 kfreebs\n-000140b0: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 d_module_elf /fr\n-000140c0: 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e eebsd@/boot/kern\n-000140d0: 656c 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 2e6b el/opensolaris.k\n-000140e0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n-000140f0: 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 kfreebsd_module\n-00014100: 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 _elf /freebsd@/b\n-00014110: 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 2e6b oot/kernel/zfs.k\n-00014120: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n-00014130: 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 kfreebsd_module\n-00014140: 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f /freebsd@/boot/\n-00014150: 7a66 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 6520 zfs/zpool.cache \n-00014160: 7479 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 2f7a type=/boot/zfs/z\n-00014170: 706f 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 2020 2020 pool.cache. \n-00014180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 set kF\n-00014190: 7265 6542 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f 742e reeBSD.vfs.root.\n-000141a0: 6d6f 756e 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a 6672 mountfrom=zfs:fr\n-000141b0: 6565 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 7364 0a20 eepool/freebsd. \n-000141c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n-000141d0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e68 772e 7073 t kFreeBSD.hw.ps\n-000141e0: 6d2e 7379 6e61 7074 6963 735f 7375 7070 m.synaptics_supp\n-000141f0: 6f72 743d 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 ort=1. }.. \n-00014200: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 6578 menuentry \"ex\n-00014210: 7065 7269 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 5255 4222 perimental GRUB\"\n-00014220: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-00014230: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n-00014240: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 oot --label GRUB\n-00014250: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n-00014260: 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s5. \n-00014270: 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 7870 multiboot /exp\n-00014280: 6572 696d 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 2f69 erimental/grub/i\n-00014290: 3338 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 652e 696d 670a 386-pc/core.img.\n-000142a0: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n-000142b0: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2031 uentry \"Fedora 1\n-000142c0: 3620 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7222 207b 0a20 6 installer\" {. \n-000142d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n-000142e0: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n-000142f0: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 --label GRUB --h\n-00014300: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 int hd0,msdos5. \n-00014310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 li\n-00014320: 6e75 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 612f 766d 6c69 nux /fedora/vmli\n-00014330: 6e75 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b nuz lang=en_US k\n-00014340: 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 eymap=sg resolut\n-00014350: 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 ion=1280x800. \n-00014360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 init\n-00014370: 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 rd /fedora/initr\n-00014380: 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 d.img. }.. \n-00014390: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 menuentry \"Fe\n-000143a0: 646f 7261 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 6e73 dora rawhide ins\n-000143b0: 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 taller\" {. \n-000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 search \n-000143d0: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 --set=root --lab\n-000143e0: 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 el GRUB --hint h\n-000143f0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos5. \n-00014400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f linux /\n-00014410: 6665 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 fedora/vmlinuz r\n-00014420: 6570 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 6f72 epo=ftp://mirror\n-00014430: 2e73 7769 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 726f .switch.ch/mirro\n-00014440: 722f 6665 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 r/fedora/linux/d\n-00014450: 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 6869 evelopment/rawhi\n-00014460: 6465 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 3d65 de/x86_64 lang=e\n-00014470: 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 n_US keymap=sg r\n-00014480: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 esolution=1280x8\n-00014490: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 00. \n-000144a0: 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 initrd /fedora\n-000144b0: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 /initrd.img. \n-000144c0: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n-000144d0: 7279 2022 4465 6269 616e 2073 6964 2069 ry \"Debian sid i\n-000144e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 nstaller\" {. \n-000144f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 searc\n-00014500: 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c h --set=root --l\n-00014510: 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 abel GRUB --hint\n-00014520: 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 hd0,msdos5. \n-00014530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 linux\n-00014540: 202f 6465 6269 616e 2f64 6973 7473 2f73 /debian/dists/s\n-00014550: 6964 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 616c 6c65 id/main/installe\n-00014560: 722d 616d 6436 342f 6375 7272 656e 742f r-amd64/current/\n-00014570: 696d 6167 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 612f images/hd-media/\n-00014580: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 vmlinuz. \n-00014590: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2f64 initrd /d\n-000145a0: 6562 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 732f 7369 642f ebian/dists/sid/\n-000145b0: 6d61 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2d61 main/installer-a\n-000145c0: 6d64 3634 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 6d61 md64/current/ima\n-000145d0: 6765 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 6e69 ges/hd-media/ini\n-000145e0: 7472 642e 677a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a0a trd.gz. }...\n-000145f0: 2020 204e 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 Notes:. ...\n-00014600: 2041 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2073 6561 Argument to sea\n-00014610: 7263 6820 6166 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 656c rch after -label\n-00014620: 2069 7320 4653 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f is FS LABEL. Yo\n-00014630: 7520 6361 6e20 616c 736f 2075 7365 2055 u can also use U\n-00014640: 5549 4473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 202d UIDs. with -\n-00014650: 6673 2d75 7569 6420 5555 4944 2069 6e73 fs-uuid UUID ins\n-00014660: 7465 6164 206f 6620 2d6c 6162 656c 204c tead of -label L\n-00014670: 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 636f 756c 6420 ABEL. You could \n-00014680: 616c 736f 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6469 also use. di\n-00014690: 7265 6374 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d68 6430 rect ...root=hd0\n-000146a0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 58e2 8099 2062 7574 2074 ,msdosX... but t\n-000146b0: 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d his is not recom\n-000146c0: 6d65 6e64 6564 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6465 mended due to de\n-000146d0: 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 2069 vice. name i\n-000146e0: 6e73 7461 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nstability.....F\n-000146f0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00014700: 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 Node: Embedded \n-00014710: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 configuration, \n-00014720: 5072 6576 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 Prev: Multi-boot\n-00014730: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 manual config, \n-00014740: 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 Up: Configurati\n-00014750: 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3520 456d 6265 6464 696e on..6.5 Embeddin\n-00014760: 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f g a configuratio\n-00014770: 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 n file into GRUB\n-00014780: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00013980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 =========..Curre\n+00013990: 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 ntly autogenerat\n+000139a0: 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 ing config files\n+000139b0: 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 for multi-boot \n+000139c0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 environments.dep\n+000139d0: 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 ends on os-probe\n+000139e0: 7220 616e 6420 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 r and has severa\n+000139f0: 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 l shortcomings. \n+00013a00: 2044 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 Due to that it \n+00013a10: 6973 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 is.disabled by d\n+00013a20: 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 efault. It is a\n+00013a30: 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 dvised to use th\n+00013a40: 6520 706f 7765 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 e power of GRUB \n+00013a50: 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 syntax and.do it\n+00013a60: 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f yourself. A po\n+00013a70: 7373 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ssible configura\n+00013a80: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 tion is detailed\n+00013a90: 2068 6572 652c 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 here, feel free\n+00013aa0: 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f to.adjust to yo\n+00013ab0: 7572 206e 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 ur needs... Fi\n+00013ac0: 7273 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 rst create a sep\n+00013ad0: 6172 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 arate GRUB parti\n+00013ae0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 tion, big enough\n+00013af0: 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 to hold GRUB. S\n+00013b00: 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ome.of the follo\n+00013b10: 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f wing entries sho\n+00013b20: 7720 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 w how to load OS\n+00013b30: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 installer image\n+00013b40: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 s from this.same\n+00013b50: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 partition, for \n+00013b60: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 that you obvious\n+00013b70: 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 ly need to make \n+00013b80: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 the partition la\n+00013b90: 7267 650a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f rge.enough to ho\n+00013ba0: 6c64 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 ld those images \n+00013bb0: 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 as well. Mount \n+00013bc0: 7468 6973 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f this partition o\n+00013bd0: 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 n/mnt/boot.and d\n+00013be0: 6973 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 isable GRUB in a\n+00013bf0: 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 ll OSes and manu\n+00013c00: 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c ally install sel\n+00013c10: 662d 636f 6d70 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 f-compiled lates\n+00013c20: 740a 4752 5542 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 t.GRUB with:.. \n+00013c30: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n+00013c40: 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 --boot-director\n+00013c50: 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 y=/mnt/boot /dev\n+00013c60: 2f73 6461 e280 990a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 /sda..... In a\n+00013c70: 6c6c 2074 6865 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 ll the OSes inst\n+00013c80: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 all GRUB tools b\n+00013c90: 7574 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 ut disable insta\n+00013ca0: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f lling GRUB in.bo\n+00013cb0: 6f74 7365 6374 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 otsector, so you\n+00013cc0: 276c 6c20 6861 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 'll have menu.ls\n+00013cd0: 7420 616e 6420 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 t and grub.cfg a\n+00013ce0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 vailable for use\n+00013cf0: 2e0a 416c 736f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f ..Also disable o\n+00013d00: 732d 7072 6f62 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 s-prober use by \n+00013d10: 7365 7474 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 setting:.. ...\n+00013d20: 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f GRUB_DISABLE_OS_\n+00013d30: 5052 4f42 4552 3d74 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a PROBER=true.....\n+00013d40: 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 in /etc/defau\n+00013d50: 6c74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 5468 656e lt/grub.. Then\n+00013d60: 2077 7269 7465 2061 2067 7275 622e 6366 write a grub.cf\n+00013d70: 6720 282f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 g (/mnt/boot/gru\n+00013d80: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 b/grub.cfg):... \n+00013d90: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f menuentry \"O\n+00013da0: 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 3222 207b S using grub2\" {\n+00013db0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 . insmod \n+00013dc0: 7866 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 xfs. sear\n+00013dd0: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n+00013de0: 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 label OS1 --hint\n+00013df0: 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 380a 2020 2020 hd0,msdos8. \n+00013e00: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f configfile /\n+00013e10: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n+00013e20: 6667 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 fg. }.. \n+00013e30: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 menuentry \"OS us\n+00013e40: 696e 6720 6772 7562 322d 6c65 6761 6379 ing grub2-legacy\n+00013e50: 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d \" {. insm\n+00013e60: 6f64 2065 7874 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 od ext2. \n+00013e70: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n+00013e80: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d t --label OS2 --\n+00013e90: 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a hint hd0,msdos6.\n+00013ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 legacy_c\n+00013eb0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f onfigfile /boot/\n+00013ec0: 6772 7562 2f6d 656e 752e 6c73 740a 2020 grub/menu.lst. \n+00013ed0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n+00013ee0: 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 ntry \"Windows XP\n+00013ef0: 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d \" {. insm\n+00013f00: 6f64 206e 7466 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 od ntfs. \n+00013f10: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n+00013f20: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 t --label WINDOW\n+00013f30: 535f 5850 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c S_XP --hint hd0,\n+00013f40: 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e msdos1. n\n+00013f50: 746c 6472 202f 6e74 6c64 720a 2020 2020 tldr /ntldr. \n+00013f60: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+00013f70: 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 3722 207b ry \"Windows 7\" {\n+00013f80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 . insmod \n+00013f90: 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 ntfs. sea\n+00013fa0: 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d rch --set=root -\n+00013fb0: 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 494e 444f 5753 5f37 -label WINDOWS_7\n+00013fc0: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n+00013fd0: 7332 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 s2. ntldr\n+00013fe0: 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 720a 2020 2020 207d /bootmgr. }\n+00013ff0: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n+00014000: 2022 4672 6565 4253 4422 207b 0a20 2020 \"FreeBSD\" {. \n+00014010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d insm\n+00014020: 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 od zfs. \n+00014030: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n+00014040: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n+00014050: 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 202d 2d68 696e 7420 freepool --hint \n+00014060: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7337 0a20 2020 2020 hd0,msdos7. \n+00014070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b66 7265 6562 kfreeb\n+00014080: 7364 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f sd /freebsd@/boo\n+00014090: 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a t/kernel/kernel.\n+000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n+000140b0: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 freebsd_module_e\n+000140c0: 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f lf /freebsd@/boo\n+000140d0: 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c t/kernel/opensol\n+000140e0: 6172 6973 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 aris.ko. \n+000140f0: 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f kfreebsd_\n+00014100: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 module_elf /free\n+00014110: 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c bsd@/boot/kernel\n+00014120: 2f7a 6673 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 /zfs.ko. \n+00014130: 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f kfreebsd_\n+00014140: 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 module /freebsd@\n+00014150: 2f62 6f6f 742f 7a66 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e /boot/zfs/zpool.\n+00014160: 6361 6368 6520 7479 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 cache type=/boot\n+00014170: 2f7a 6673 2f7a 706f 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 /zfs/zpool.cache\n+00014180: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00014190: 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e76 6673 set kFreeBSD.vfs\n+000141a0: 2e72 6f6f 742e 6d6f 756e 7466 726f 6d3d .root.mountfrom=\n+000141b0: 7a66 733a 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 zfs:freepool/fre\n+000141c0: 6562 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ebsd. \n+000141d0: 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 set kFreeBSD\n+000141e0: 2e68 772e 7073 6d2e 7379 6e61 7074 6963 .hw.psm.synaptic\n+000141f0: 735f 7375 7070 6f72 743d 310a 2020 2020 s_support=1. \n+00014200: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+00014210: 7279 2022 6578 7065 7269 6d65 6e74 616c ry \"experimental\n+00014220: 2047 5255 4222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 GRUB\" {. \n+00014230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n+00014240: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n+00014250: 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 l GRUB --hint hd\n+00014260: 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 0,msdos5. \n+00014270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f multiboo\n+00014280: 7420 2f65 7870 6572 696d 656e 7461 6c2f t /experimental/\n+00014290: 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 grub/i386-pc/cor\n+000142a0: 652e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 e.img. }.. \n+000142b0: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 menuentry \"Fe\n+000142c0: 646f 7261 2031 3620 696e 7374 616c 6c65 dora 16 installe\n+000142d0: 7222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r\" {. \n+000142e0: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n+000142f0: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 =root --label GR\n+00014300: 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 UB --hint hd0,ms\n+00014310: 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dos5. \n+00014320: 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 linux /fedor\n+00014330: 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 a/vmlinuz lang=e\n+00014340: 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 n_US keymap=sg r\n+00014350: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 esolution=1280x8\n+00014360: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 00. \n+00014370: 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 initrd /fedora\n+00014380: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 /initrd.img. \n+00014390: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+000143a0: 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2072 6177 6869 ry \"Fedora rawhi\n+000143b0: 6465 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a de installer\" {.\n+000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+000143d0: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 earch --set=root\n+000143e0: 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d --label GRUB --\n+000143f0: 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a hint hd0,msdos5.\n+00014400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n+00014410: 696e 7578 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c inux /fedora/vml\n+00014420: 696e 757a 2072 6570 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f inuz repo=ftp://\n+00014430: 6d69 7272 6f72 2e73 7769 7463 682e 6368 mirror.switch.ch\n+00014440: 2f6d 6972 726f 722f 6665 646f 7261 2f6c /mirror/fedora/l\n+00014450: 696e 7578 2f64 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 inux/development\n+00014460: 2f72 6177 6869 6465 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 /rawhide/x86_64 \n+00014470: 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 lang=en_US keyma\n+00014480: 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d p=sg resolution=\n+00014490: 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 1280x800. \n+000144a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f initrd /\n+000144b0: 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d fedora/initrd.im\n+000144c0: 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d g. }.. m\n+000144d0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4465 6269 616e enuentry \"Debian\n+000144e0: 2073 6964 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 sid installer\" \n+000144f0: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+00014500: 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f search --set=ro\n+00014510: 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 ot --label GRUB \n+00014520: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 --hint hd0,msdos\n+00014530: 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5. \n+00014540: 206c 696e 7578 202f 6465 6269 616e 2f64 linux /debian/d\n+00014550: 6973 7473 2f73 6964 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e ists/sid/main/in\n+00014560: 7374 616c 6c65 722d 616d 6436 342f 6375 staller-amd64/cu\n+00014570: 7272 656e 742f 696d 6167 6573 2f68 642d rrent/images/hd-\n+00014580: 6d65 6469 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 media/vmlinuz. \n+00014590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 ini\n+000145a0: 7472 6420 2f64 6562 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 trd /debian/dist\n+000145b0: 732f 7369 642f 6d61 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 s/sid/main/insta\n+000145c0: 6c6c 6572 2d61 6d64 3634 2f63 7572 7265 ller-amd64/curre\n+000145d0: 6e74 2f69 6d61 6765 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 nt/images/hd-med\n+000145e0: 6961 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a 0a20 2020 ia/initrd.gz. \n+000145f0: 2020 7d0a 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6573 3a0a }... Notes:.\n+00014600: 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7267 756d 656e 7420 ... Argument \n+00014610: 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 6166 7465 7220 to search after \n+00014620: 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 7320 4653 204c 4142 -label is FS LAB\n+00014630: 454c 2e20 596f 7520 6361 6e20 616c 736f EL. You can also\n+00014640: 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 0a20 2020 2020 use UUIDs. \n+00014650: 7769 7468 202d 6673 2d75 7569 6420 5555 with -fs-uuid UU\n+00014660: 4944 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 2d6c ID instead of -l\n+00014670: 6162 656c 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 abel LABEL. You \n+00014680: 636f 756c 6420 616c 736f 2075 7365 0a20 could also use. \n+00014690: 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 20e2 8098 726f direct ...ro\n+000146a0: 6f74 3d68 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 58e2 8099 ot=hd0,msdosX...\n+000146b0: 2062 7574 2074 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 but this is not\n+000146c0: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2064 7565 recommended due\n+000146d0: 2074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 to device. \n+000146e0: 6e61 6d65 2069 6e73 7461 6269 6c69 7479 name instability\n+000146f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00014700: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 info, Node: Emb\n+00014710: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n+00014720: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d75 6c74 ion, Prev: Mult\n+00014730: 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f i-boot manual co\n+00014740: 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 nfig, Up: Confi\n+00014750: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3520 456d guration..6.5 Em\n+00014760: 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 bedding a config\n+00014770: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 uration file int\n+00014780: 6f20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d o GRUB.=========\n 00014790: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 =============..G\n-000147b0: 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2065 6d62 RUB supports emb\n-000147c0: 6564 6469 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 edding a configu\n-000147d0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6469 7265 ration file dire\n-000147e0: 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f ctly into the co\n-000147f0: 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 736f 2074 6861 re.image, so tha\n-00014800: 7420 6974 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 t it is loaded b\n-00014810: 6566 6f72 6520 656e 7465 7269 6e67 206e efore entering n\n-00014820: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 ormal mode. Thi\n-00014830: 7320 6973 0a75 7365 6675 6c2c 2066 6f72 s is.useful, for\n-00014840: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7768 656e 2069 example, when i\n-00014850: 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7472 6169 6768 t is not straigh\n-00014860: 7466 6f72 7761 7264 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 tforward to find\n-00014870: 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 the real.config\n-00014880: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 6f72 uration file, or\n-00014890: 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 when you need t\n-000148a0: 6f20 6465 6275 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 o debug problems\n-000148b0: 2077 6974 6820 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 with loading th\n-000148c0: 6174 0a66 696c 652e 2020 e280 9867 7275 at.file. ...gru\n-000148d0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2075 7365 b-install... use\n-000148e0: 7320 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 s this feature w\n-000148f0: 6865 6e20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 hen it is not us\n-00014900: 696e 6720 4249 4f53 2064 6973 6b0a 6675 ing BIOS disk.fu\n-00014910: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 nctions or when \n-00014920: 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 installing to a \n-00014930: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6469 736b 2066 different disk f\n-00014940: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 636f 6e74 rom the one cont\n-00014950: 6169 6e69 6e67 0ae2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f aining..../boot/\n-00014960: 6772 7562 e280 992c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 grub..., in whic\n-00014970: 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 6e65 6564 7320 h case it needs \n-00014980: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 to use the ...se\n-00014990: 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 arch... command \n-000149a0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 (*note.search::)\n-000149b0: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f to find .../boo\n-000149c0: 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 t/grub...... T\n-000149d0: 6f20 656d 6265 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 o embed a config\n-000149e0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 uration file, us\n-000149f0: 6520 7468 6520 e280 982d 63e2 8099 206f e the ...-c... o\n-00014a00: 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ption to ...grub\n-00014a10: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 992e 0a54 6865 -mkimage.....The\n-00014a20: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 file is copied \n-00014a30: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d into the core im\n-00014a40: 6167 652c 2073 6f20 6974 206d 6179 2072 age, so it may r\n-00014a50: 6573 6964 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f eside anywhere o\n-00014a60: 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 n the.file syste\n-00014a70: 6d2c 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7265 m, and may be re\n-00014a80: 6d6f 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 7275 6e6e moved after runn\n-00014a90: 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d ing ...grub-mkim\n-00014aa0: 6167 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 age...... Afte\n-00014ab0: 7220 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 r the embedded c\n-00014ac0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00014ad0: 6520 2869 6620 616e 7929 2069 7320 6578 e (if any) is ex\n-00014ae0: 6563 7574 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c ecuted, GRUB wil\n-00014af0: 6c0a 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f l.load the ...no\n-00014b00: 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 rmal... module (\n-00014b10: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c *note normal::),\n-00014b20: 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e which will then\n-00014b30: 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 read the real.c\n-00014b40: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00014b50: 6520 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 e from ...$prefi\n-00014b60: 782f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 x/grub.cfg.... \n-00014b70: 4279 2074 6869 7320 706f 696e 742c 2074 By this point, t\n-00014b80: 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a 7661 he ...root....va\n-00014b90: 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f riable will also\n-00014ba0: 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2073 6574 2074 have been set t\n-00014bb0: 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 o the root devic\n-00014bc0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 e name. For exa\n-00014bd0: 6d70 6c65 2c0a e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 mple,....prefix.\n-00014be0: 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 .. might be set \n-00014bf0: 746f 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f to ...(hd0,1)/bo\n-00014c00: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 ot/grub..., and \n-00014c10: e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 ...root... might\n-00014c20: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 0ae2 8098 6864 be set to....hd\n-00014c30: 302c 31e2 8099 2e20 2054 6875 732c 2069 0,1.... Thus, i\n-00014c40: 6e20 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 n most cases, th\n-00014c50: 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 e embedded confi\n-00014c60: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6f6e guration file on\n-00014c70: 6c79 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 7365 7420 ly.needs to set \n-00014c80: 7468 6520 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 the ...prefix...\n-00014c90: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 and ...root... \n-00014ca0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2074 variables, and t\n-00014cb0: 6865 6e20 6472 6f70 2074 6872 6f75 6768 hen drop through\n-00014cc0: 2074 6f0a 4752 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 to.GRUB's norma\n-00014cd0: 6c20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2e20 2041 l processing. A\n-00014ce0: 2074 7970 6963 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 typical example\n-00014cf0: 206f 6620 7468 6973 206d 6967 6874 206c of this might l\n-00014d00: 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a ook like.this:..\n-00014d10: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 search.fs_u\n-00014d20: 7569 6420 3031 3233 3435 3637 2d38 3961 uid 01234567-89a\n-00014d30: 622d 6364 6566 2d30 3132 332d 3435 3637 b-cdef-0123-4567\n-00014d40: 3839 6162 6364 6566 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 89abcdef root. \n-00014d50: 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 set prefix=($\n-00014d60: 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a root)/boot/grub.\n-00014d70: 0a20 2020 2854 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 . (The ...sear\n-00014d80: 6368 5f66 735f 7575 6964 e280 9920 6d6f ch_fs_uuid... mo\n-00014d90: 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e63 dule must be inc\n-00014da0: 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 luded in the cor\n-00014db0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 666f 720a 7468 6973 e image for.this\n-00014dc0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b example to work\n-00014dd0: 2e29 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6d6f 7265 2063 .).. In more c\n-00014de0: 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6974 omplex cases, it\n-00014df0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 may be useful t\n-00014e00: 6f20 7265 6164 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e o read other con\n-00014e10: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6573 figuration.files\n-00014e20: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 directly from t\n-00014e30: 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 he embedded conf\n-00014e40: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 iguration file. \n-00014e50: 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 7563 This allows suc\n-00014e60: 680a 7468 696e 6773 2061 7320 7265 6164 h.things as read\n-00014e70: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 6361 ing files not ca\n-00014e80: 6c6c 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 lled ...grub.cfg\n-00014e90: e280 992c 206f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 ..., or reading \n-00014ea0: 6669 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 6972 files from a.dir\n-00014eb0: 6563 746f 7279 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 ectory other tha\n-00014ec0: 6e20 7468 6174 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 n that where GRU\n-00014ed0: 4227 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 B's loadable mod\n-00014ee0: 756c 6573 2061 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ules are install\n-00014ef0: 6564 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 ed..To do this, \n-00014f00: 696e 636c 7564 6520 7468 6520 e280 9863 include the ...c\n-00014f10: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 onfigfile... and\n-00014f20: 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f ...normal... mo\n-00014f30: 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 dules in the cor\n-00014f40: 650a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 e.image, and emb\n-00014f50: 6564 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ed a configurati\n-00014f60: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 2075 7365 on file that use\n-00014f70: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 s the ...configf\n-00014f80: 696c 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a74 ile... command.t\n-00014f90: 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 o load another f\n-00014fa0: 696c 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ile. The follow\n-00014fb0: 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2074 ing example of t\n-00014fc0: 6869 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 his also require\n-00014fd0: 7320 7468 650a e280 9865 6368 6fe2 8099 s the....echo...\n-00014fe0: 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 685f 6c61 6265 , ...search_labe\n-00014ff0: 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9874 6573 l..., and ...tes\n-00015000: 74e2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 t... modules to \n-00015010: 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 be included in t\n-00015020: 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 653a 0a0a he core.image:..\n-00015030: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c search.fs_l\n-00015040: 6162 656c 2067 7275 6220 726f 6f74 0a20 abel grub root. \n-00015050: 2020 2020 6966 205b 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f if [ -e /boo\n-00015060: 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 t/grub/example/t\n-00015070: 6573 7431 2e63 6667 205d 3b20 7468 656e est1.cfg ]; then\n-00015080: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 . set pr\n-00015090: 6566 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f efix=($root)/boo\n-000150a0: 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t/grub. \n-000150b0: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 configfile /boot\n-000150c0: 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 /grub/example/te\n-000150d0: 7374 312e 6366 670a 2020 2020 2065 6c73 st1.cfg. els\n-000150e0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6620 5b20 e. if [ \n-000150f0: 2d65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 -e /boot/grub/ex\n-00015100: 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 322e 6366 6720 ample/test2.cfg \n-00015110: 5d3b 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ]; then. \n-00015120: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d set prefix=\n-00015130: 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ($root)/boot/gru\n-00015140: 620a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 b. c\n-00015150: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f onfigfile /boot/\n-00015160: 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 grub/example/tes\n-00015170: 7432 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t2.cfg. \n-00015180: 656c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 else. \n-00015190: 2020 6563 686f 2022 436f 756c 6420 6e6f echo \"Could no\n-000151a0: 7420 6669 6e64 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c t find an exampl\n-000151b0: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 e configuration \n-000151c0: 6669 6c65 2122 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 file!\". \n-000151d0: 6669 0a20 2020 2020 6669 0a0a 2020 2054 fi. fi.. T\n-000151e0: 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 he embedded conf\n-000151f0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206d iguration file m\n-00015200: 6179 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206d ay not contain m\n-00015210: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 6469 7265 enu entries.dire\n-00015220: 6374 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f6e ctly, but may on\n-00015230: 6c79 2072 6561 6420 7468 656d 2066 726f ly read them fro\n-00015240: 6d20 656c 7365 7768 6572 6520 7573 696e m elsewhere usin\n-00015250: 6720 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 g ...configfile.\n-00015260: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n-00015270: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 b.info, Node: T\n-00015280: 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 heme file format\n-00015290: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b , Next: Network\n-000152a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 , Prev: Configu\n-000152b0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 ration, Up: Top\n-000152c0: 0a0a 3720 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 ..7 Theme file f\n-000152d0: 6f72 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ormat.**********\n-000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 2e31 2049 *********..7.1 I\n-000152f0: 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d ntroduction.====\n-00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00015310: 6520 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c e GRUB graphical\n-00015320: 206d 656e 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 menu supports t\n-00015330: 6865 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e 2063 hemes that can c\n-00015340: 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 6865 206c 6179 ustomize the lay\n-00015350: 6f75 740a 616e 6420 6170 7065 6172 616e out.and appearan\n-00015360: 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 ce of the GRUB b\n-00015370: 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2054 6865 2074 oot menu. The t\n-00015380: 6865 6d65 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 heme is configur\n-00015390: 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 0a70 6c61 ed through a.pla\n-000153a0: 696e 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 2074 6861 in text file tha\n-000153b0: 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 t specifies the \n-000153c0: 6c61 796f 7574 206f 6620 7468 6520 7661 layout of the va\n-000153d0: 7269 6f75 7320 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e rious GUI compon\n-000153e0: 656e 7473 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 ents.(including \n-000153f0: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752c 2074 the boot menu, t\n-00015400: 696d 656f 7574 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 imeout progress \n-00015410: 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2074 6578 7420 6d65 bar, and text me\n-00015420: 7373 6167 6573 2920 6173 0a77 656c 6c20 ssages) as.well \n-00015430: 6173 2074 6865 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 as the appearanc\n-00015440: 6520 7573 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 e using colors, \n-00015450: 666f 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 fonts, and image\n-00015460: 732e 2020 4578 616d 706c 6520 6973 0a61 s. Example is.a\n-00015470: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 646f 6373 vailable in docs\n-00015480: 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 6865 6d65 2e74 /example_theme.t\n-00015490: 7874 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 656d 6520 456c xt..7.2 Theme El\n-000154a0: 656d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ements.=========\n-000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 2e32 2e31 =========..7.2.1\n-000154c0: 2043 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Colors.--------\n-000154d0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f 7273 2063 616e ----..Colors can\n-000154e0: 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e be specified in\n-000154f0: 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 733a 0a0a several ways:..\n-00015500: 2020 20e2 80a2 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 796c ... HTML-styl\n-00015510: 6520 2223 5252 4747 4242 2220 6f72 2022 e \"#RRGGBB\" or \"\n-00015520: 2352 4742 2220 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7768 #RGB\" format, wh\n-00015530: 6572 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 616e ere *R*, *G*, an\n-00015540: 6420 2a42 2a20 6172 650a 2020 2020 2068 d *B* are. h\n-00015550: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 exadecimal digit\n-00015560: 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 3946 s (e.g., \"#8899F\n-00015570: 4622 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 7320 636f F\"). ... as co\n-00015580: 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6465 mma-separated de\n-00015590: 6369 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 7661 6c75 6573 cimal RGB values\n-000155a0: 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 3132 (e.g., \"128, 12\n-000155b0: 382c 2032 3535 2229 0a20 2020 e280 a220 8, 255\"). ... \n-000155c0: 7769 7468 2022 5356 4720 312e 3020 636f with \"SVG 1.0 co\n-000155d0: 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 652e 672e lor names\" (e.g.\n-000155e0: 2c20 2263 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 , \"cornflowerblu\n-000155f0: 6522 2920 7768 6963 6820 6d75 7374 2062 e\") which must b\n-00015600: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 e. specified\n-00015610: 2069 6e20 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 652e 0a0a in lowercase...\n-00015620: 372e 322e 3220 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 7.2.2 Fonts.----\n-00015630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e -------..The fon\n-00015640: 7473 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2022 5046 ts GRUB uses \"PF\n-00015650: 4632 2066 6f6e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2220 F2 font format\" \n-00015660: 6269 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 bitmap fonts. F\n-00015670: 6f6e 7473 2061 7265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 onts are.specifi\n-00015680: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e ed with full fon\n-00015690: 7420 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e t names. Curren\n-000156a0: 746c 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 tly there is no \n-000156b0: 7072 6f76 6973 696f 6e20 666f 7220 610a provision for a.\n-000156c0: 7072 6566 6572 656e 6365 206c 6973 7420 preference list \n-000156d0: 6f66 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 of fonts, or der\n-000156e0: 6976 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 2066 iving one font f\n-000156f0: 726f 6d20 616e 6f74 6865 722e 2020 466f rom another. Fo\n-00015700: 6e74 7320 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 nts are.loaded w\n-00015710: 6974 6820 7468 6520 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e ith the \"loadfon\n-00015720: 7422 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 t\" command in GR\n-00015730: 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 666f UB (*note loadfo\n-00015740: 6e74 3a3a 292e 2020 546f 2073 6565 0a74 nt::). To see.t\n-00015750: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 he list of loade\n-00015760: 6420 666f 6e74 732c 2065 7865 6375 7465 d fonts, execute\n-00015770: 2074 6865 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2063 the \"lsfonts\" c\n-00015780: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 ommand (*note.ls\n-00015790: 666f 6e74 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 fonts::). If th\n-000157a0: 6572 6520 6172 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 ere are too many\n-000157b0: 2066 6f6e 7473 2074 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e fonts to fit on\n-000157c0: 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 6574 screen, do \"set\n-000157d0: 0a70 6167 6572 3d31 2220 6265 666f 7265 .pager=1\" before\n-000157e0: 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 666f executing \"lsfo\n-000157f0: 6e74 7322 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 726f nts\"...7.2.3 Pro\n-00015800: 6772 6573 7320 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gress Bar.------\n-00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 ------------..Fi\n-00015820: 6775 7265 2037 2e31 0a46 6967 7572 6520 gure 7.1.Figure \n-00015830: 372e 320a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7.2.Progress bar\n-00015840: 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 s are used to di\n-00015850: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e splay the remain\n-00015860: 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 6520 ing time before \n-00015870: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 2064 GRUB boots.the d\n-00015880: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 efault menu entr\n-00015890: 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 y. To create a \n-000158a0: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 6861 progress bar tha\n-000158b0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 t will display t\n-000158c0: 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d he.remaining tim\n-000158d0: 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 e before automat\n-000158e0: 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c 7920 ic boot, simply \n-000158f0: 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 7265 create a \"progre\n-00015900: 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ss_bar\".componen\n-00015910: 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 225f t with the id \"_\n-00015920: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 _timeout__\". Th\n-00015930: 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6f20 is indicates to \n-00015940: 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 7072 GRUB that the.pr\n-00015950: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c ogress bar shoul\n-00015960: 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 7320 d be updated as \n-00015970: 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 6e64 time passes, and\n-00015980: 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 it should be ma\n-00015990: 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 6620 de.invisible if \n-000159a0: 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 746f the countdown to\n-000159b0: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 automatic boot \n-000159c0: 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2062 is interrupted b\n-000159d0: 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 y the user... \n-000159e0: 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6d61 Progress bars ma\n-000159f0: 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 6176 y optionally hav\n-00015a00: 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 e text displayed\n-00015a10: 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 on them. This \n-00015a20: 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c text.is controll\n-00015a30: 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2022 ed by variable \"\n-00015a40: 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f 6e74 text\" which cont\n-00015a50: 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 7465 ains a printf te\n-00015a60: 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 mplate with.the \n-00015a70: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 2564 only argument %d\n-00015a80: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f is the number o\n-00015a90: 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 696e f seconds remain\n-00015aa0: 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c ing. Additional\n-00015ab0: 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c 7565 ly.special value\n-00015ac0: 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 s \"@TIMEOUT_NOTI\n-00015ad0: 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 FICATION_SHORT@\"\n-00015ae0: 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 ,.\"@TIMEOUT_NOTI\n-00015af0: 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 FICATION_MIDDLE@\n-00015b00: 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 \", \"@TIMEOUT_NOT\n-00015b10: 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 IFICATION_LONG@\"\n-00015b20: 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 are.replaced wi\n-00015b30: 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e 6420 th standard and \n-00015b40: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d 706c translated templ\n-00015b50: 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 ates...7.2.4 Cir\n-00015b60: 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2049 cular Progress I\n-00015b70: 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ndicator.-------\n+000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000147b0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 ===..GRUB suppor\n+000147c0: 7473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 2063 ts embedding a c\n+000147d0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+000147e0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 e directly into \n+000147f0: 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 the core.image, \n+00014800: 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6c6f so that it is lo\n+00014810: 6164 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 656e 7465 aded before ente\n+00014820: 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 ring normal mode\n+00014830: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a75 7365 6675 . This is.usefu\n+00014840: 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 l, for example, \n+00014850: 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2073 when it is not s\n+00014860: 7472 6169 6768 7466 6f72 7761 7264 2074 traightforward t\n+00014870: 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c0a o find the real.\n+00014880: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00014890: 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 le, or when you \n+000148a0: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6275 6720 7072 need to debug pr\n+000148b0: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6c6f 6164 oblems with load\n+000148c0: 696e 6720 7468 6174 0a66 696c 652e 2020 ing that.file. \n+000148d0: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n+000148e0: 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6561 .. uses this fea\n+000148f0: 7475 7265 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2069 7320 ture when it is \n+00014900: 6e6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 2064 not using BIOS d\n+00014910: 6973 6b0a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 isk.functions or\n+00014920: 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 when installing\n+00014930: 2074 6f20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 to a different \n+00014940: 6469 736b 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e disk from the on\n+00014950: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0ae2 8098 e containing....\n+00014960: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992c 2069 /boot/grub..., i\n+00014970: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 n which case it \n+00014980: 6e65 6564 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 needs to use the\n+00014990: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f ...search... co\n+000149a0: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 mmand (*note.sea\n+000149b0: 7263 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 20e2 rch::) to find .\n+000149c0: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e ../boot/grub....\n+000149d0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 656d 6265 6420 6120 .. To embed a \n+000149e0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+000149f0: 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 982d le, use the ...-\n+00014a00: 63e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 c... option to .\n+00014a10: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 ..grub-mkimage..\n+00014a20: 992e 0a54 6865 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 ...The file is c\n+00014a30: 6f70 6965 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 opied into the c\n+00014a40: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 652c 2073 6f20 6974 ore image, so it\n+00014a50: 206d 6179 2072 6573 6964 6520 616e 7977 may reside anyw\n+00014a60: 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 here on the.file\n+00014a70: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2061 6e64 206d 6179 system, and may\n+00014a80: 2062 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 6420 6166 7465 be removed afte\n+00014a90: 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 r running ...gru\n+00014aa0: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 b-mkimage...... \n+00014ab0: 2020 4166 7465 7220 7468 6520 656d 6265 After the embe\n+00014ac0: 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 dded configurati\n+00014ad0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 2869 6620 616e 7929 on file (if any)\n+00014ae0: 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 4752 is executed, GR\n+00014af0: 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 UB will.load the\n+00014b00: 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f ...normal... mo\n+00014b10: 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d dule (*note norm\n+00014b20: 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c al::), which wil\n+00014b30: 6c20 7468 656e 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 l then read the \n+00014b40: 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 real.configurati\n+00014b50: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 on file from ...\n+00014b60: 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 $prefix/grub.cfg\n+00014b70: e280 992e 2020 4279 2074 6869 7320 706f .... By this po\n+00014b80: 696e 742c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 int, the ...root\n+00014b90: e280 990a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c ....variable wil\n+00014ba0: 6c20 616c 736f 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e l also have been\n+00014bb0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 set to the root\n+00014bc0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 device name. F\n+00014bd0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a e280 9870 or example,....p\n+00014be0: 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 refix... might b\n+00014bf0: 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 2868 6430 e set to ...(hd0\n+00014c00: 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 ,1)/boot/grub...\n+00014c10: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 , and ...root...\n+00014c20: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f might be set to\n+00014c30: 0ae2 8098 6864 302c 31e2 8099 2e20 2054 ....hd0,1.... T\n+00014c40: 6875 732c 2069 6e20 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 hus, in most cas\n+00014c50: 6573 2c20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 es, the embedded\n+00014c60: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00014c70: 696c 6520 6f6e 6c79 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 ile only.needs t\n+00014c80: 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 e280 9870 7265 o set the ...pre\n+00014c90: 6669 78e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 726f fix... and ...ro\n+00014ca0: 6f74 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c ot... variables,\n+00014cb0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6472 6f70 2074 and then drop t\n+00014cc0: 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6f0a 4752 5542 2773 hrough to.GRUB's\n+00014cd0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 normal processi\n+00014ce0: 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 7970 6963 616c 2065 ng. A typical e\n+00014cf0: 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6973 206d xample of this m\n+00014d00: 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 ight look like.t\n+00014d10: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 his:.. searc\n+00014d20: 682e 6673 5f75 7569 6420 3031 3233 3435 h.fs_uuid 012345\n+00014d30: 3637 2d38 3961 622d 6364 6566 2d30 3132 67-89ab-cdef-012\n+00014d40: 332d 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 2072 3-456789abcdef r\n+00014d50: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 oot. set pre\n+00014d60: 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 fix=($root)/boot\n+00014d70: 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 2854 6865 20e2 /grub.. (The .\n+00014d80: 8098 7365 6172 6368 5f66 735f 7575 6964 ..search_fs_uuid\n+00014d90: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 ... module must \n+00014da0: 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 be included in t\n+00014db0: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 666f he core image fo\n+00014dc0: 720a 7468 6973 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 r.this example t\n+00014dd0: 6f20 776f 726b 2e29 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 o work.).. In \n+00014de0: 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6173 more complex cas\n+00014df0: 6573 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 es, it may be us\n+00014e00: 6566 756c 2074 6f20 7265 6164 206f 7468 eful to read oth\n+00014e10: 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e er configuration\n+00014e20: 0a66 696c 6573 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 .files directly \n+00014e30: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 from the embedde\n+00014e40: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 d configuration \n+00014e50: 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f file. This allo\n+00014e60: 7773 2073 7563 680a 7468 696e 6773 2061 ws such.things a\n+00014e70: 7320 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 s reading files \n+00014e80: 6e6f 7420 6361 6c6c 6564 20e2 8098 6772 not called ...gr\n+00014e90: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 206f 7220 7265 ub.cfg..., or re\n+00014ea0: 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d ading files from\n+00014eb0: 2061 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 206f 7468 a.directory oth\n+00014ec0: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6174 2077 6865 er than that whe\n+00014ed0: 7265 2047 5255 4227 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 re GRUB's loadab\n+00014ee0: 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2069 le modules are i\n+00014ef0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 nstalled..To do \n+00014f00: 7468 6973 2c20 696e 636c 7564 6520 7468 this, include th\n+00014f10: 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 e ...configfile.\n+00014f20: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c .. and ...normal\n+00014f30: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 ... modules in t\n+00014f40: 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 652c 2061 he core.image, a\n+00014f50: 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 nd embed a confi\n+00014f60: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7468 guration file th\n+00014f70: 6174 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 e280 9863 at uses the ...c\n+00014f80: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d onfigfile... com\n+00014f90: 6d61 6e64 0a74 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f mand.to load ano\n+00014fa0: 7468 6572 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 6520 ther file. The \n+00014fb0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c following exampl\n+00014fc0: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 616c 736f 2072 e of this also r\n+00014fd0: 6571 7569 7265 7320 7468 650a e280 9865 equires the....e\n+00014fe0: 6368 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 cho..., ...searc\n+00014ff0: 685f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 h_label..., and \n+00015000: e280 9874 6573 74e2 8099 206d 6f64 756c ...test... modul\n+00015010: 6573 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 es to be include\n+00015020: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d d in the core.im\n+00015030: 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 age:.. searc\n+00015040: 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c 2067 7275 6220 h.fs_label grub \n+00015050: 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6966 205b 202d root. if [ -\n+00015060: 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 e /boot/grub/exa\n+00015070: 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 6667 205d mple/test1.cfg ]\n+00015080: 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ; then. \n+00015090: 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f set prefix=($roo\n+000150a0: 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 t)/boot/grub. \n+000150b0: 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 configfile\n+000150c0: 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d /boot/grub/exam\n+000150d0: 706c 652f 7465 7374 312e 6366 670a 2020 ple/test1.cfg. \n+000150e0: 2020 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 else. \n+000150f0: 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 if [ -e /boot/g\n+00015100: 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 rub/example/test\n+00015110: 322e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2.cfg ]; then. \n+00015120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 set p\n+00015130: 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f refix=($root)/bo\n+00015140: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot/grub. \n+00015150: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 configfile \n+00015160: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 /boot/grub/examp\n+00015170: 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 le/test2.cfg. \n+00015180: 2020 2020 2020 656c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 else. \n+00015190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f 2022 436f echo \"Co\n+000151a0: 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6669 6e64 2061 6e20 uld not find an \n+000151b0: 6578 616d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 example configur\n+000151c0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2122 0a20 2020 ation file!\". \n+000151d0: 2020 2020 2020 6669 0a20 2020 2020 6669 fi. fi\n+000151e0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 .. The embedde\n+000151f0: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 d configuration \n+00015200: 6669 6c65 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e file may not con\n+00015210: 7461 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 tain menu entrie\n+00015220: 730a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 s.directly, but \n+00015230: 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2072 6561 6420 7468 may only read th\n+00015240: 656d 2066 726f 6d20 656c 7365 7768 6572 em from elsewher\n+00015250: 6520 7573 696e 6720 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 e using ...confi\n+00015260: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c gfile........Fil\n+00015270: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00015280: 6f64 653a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 ode: Theme file \n+00015290: 666f 726d 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e format, Next: N\n+000152a0: 6574 776f 726b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 etwork, Prev: C\n+000152b0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 onfiguration, U\n+000152c0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3720 5468 656d 6520 p: Top..7 Theme \n+000152d0: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a file format.****\n+000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+000152f0: 0a37 2e31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f .7.1 Introductio\n+00015300: 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d n.==============\n+00015310: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2067 7261 ==..The GRUB gra\n+00015320: 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7375 7070 phical menu supp\n+00015330: 6f72 7473 2074 6865 6d65 7320 7468 6174 orts themes that\n+00015340: 2063 616e 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 can customize t\n+00015350: 6865 206c 6179 6f75 740a 616e 6420 6170 he layout.and ap\n+00015360: 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 pearance of the \n+00015370: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 GRUB boot menu. \n+00015380: 2054 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2069 7320 636f The theme is co\n+00015390: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 nfigured through\n+000153a0: 2061 0a70 6c61 696e 2074 6578 7420 6669 a.plain text fi\n+000153b0: 6c65 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 le that specifie\n+000153c0: 7320 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 206f 6620 s the layout of \n+000153d0: 7468 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 4755 4920 the various GUI \n+000153e0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a28 696e 636c components.(incl\n+000153f0: 7564 696e 6720 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d uding the boot m\n+00015400: 656e 752c 2074 696d 656f 7574 2070 726f enu, timeout pro\n+00015410: 6772 6573 7320 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2074 gress bar, and t\n+00015420: 6578 7420 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2920 6173 ext messages) as\n+00015430: 0a77 656c 6c20 6173 2074 6865 2061 7070 .well as the app\n+00015440: 6561 7261 6e63 6520 7573 696e 6720 636f earance using co\n+00015450: 6c6f 7273 2c20 666f 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 lors, fonts, and\n+00015460: 2069 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4578 616d 706c images. Exampl\n+00015470: 6520 6973 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 e is.available i\n+00015480: 6e20 646f 6373 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 n docs/example_t\n+00015490: 6865 6d65 2e74 7874 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 heme.txt..7.2 Th\n+000154a0: 656d 6520 456c 656d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d eme Elements.===\n+000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000154c0: 0a37 2e32 2e31 2043 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d .7.2.1 Colors.--\n+000154d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f ----------..Colo\n+000154e0: 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 rs can be specif\n+000154f0: 6965 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 ied in several w\n+00015500: 6179 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2048 544d ays:.. ... HTM\n+00015510: 4c2d 7374 796c 6520 2223 5252 4747 4242 L-style \"#RRGGBB\n+00015520: 2220 6f72 2022 2352 4742 2220 666f 726d \" or \"#RGB\" form\n+00015530: 6174 2c20 7768 6572 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a at, where *R*, *\n+00015540: 472a 2c20 616e 6420 2a42 2a20 6172 650a G*, and *B* are.\n+00015550: 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c hexadecimal\n+00015560: 2064 6967 6974 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 digits (e.g., \"\n+00015570: 2338 3839 3946 4622 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 #8899FF\"). ...\n+00015580: 2061 7320 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 as comma-separa\n+00015590: 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 ted decimal RGB \n+000155a0: 7661 6c75 6573 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2231 values (e.g., \"1\n+000155b0: 3238 2c20 3132 382c 2032 3535 2229 0a20 28, 128, 255\"). \n+000155c0: 2020 e280 a220 7769 7468 2022 5356 4720 ... with \"SVG \n+000155d0: 312e 3020 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 7322 1.0 color names\"\n+000155e0: 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2263 6f72 6e66 6c6f (e.g., \"cornflo\n+000155f0: 7765 7262 6c75 6522 2920 7768 6963 6820 werblue\") which \n+00015600: 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 must be. spe\n+00015610: 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6c6f 7765 7263 cified in lowerc\n+00015620: 6173 652e 0a0a 372e 322e 3220 466f 6e74 ase...7.2.2 Font\n+00015630: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 s.-----------..T\n+00015640: 6865 2066 6f6e 7473 2047 5255 4220 7573 he fonts GRUB us\n+00015650: 6573 2022 5046 4632 2066 6f6e 7420 666f es \"PFF2 font fo\n+00015660: 726d 6174 2220 6269 746d 6170 2066 6f6e rmat\" bitmap fon\n+00015670: 7473 2e20 2046 6f6e 7473 2061 7265 0a73 ts. Fonts are.s\n+00015680: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 6675 pecified with fu\n+00015690: 6c6c 2066 6f6e 7420 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 ll font names. \n+000156a0: 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 6572 6520 Currently there \n+000156b0: 6973 206e 6f20 7072 6f76 6973 696f 6e20 is no provision \n+000156c0: 666f 7220 610a 7072 6566 6572 656e 6365 for a.preference\n+000156d0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 list of fonts, \n+000156e0: 6f72 2064 6572 6976 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 or deriving one \n+000156f0: 666f 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 616e 6f74 6865 font from anothe\n+00015700: 722e 2020 466f 6e74 7320 6172 650a 6c6f r. Fonts are.lo\n+00015710: 6164 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 226c aded with the \"l\n+00015720: 6f61 6466 6f6e 7422 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 oadfont\" command\n+00015730: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 in GRUB (*note \n+00015740: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 3a3a 292e 2020 546f loadfont::). To\n+00015750: 2073 6565 0a74 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 see.the list of\n+00015760: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732c 2065 loaded fonts, e\n+00015770: 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2022 6c73 666f xecute the \"lsfo\n+00015780: 6e74 7322 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e nts\" command (*n\n+00015790: 6f74 650a 6c73 666f 6e74 733a 3a29 2e20 ote.lsfonts::). \n+000157a0: 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 746f If there are to\n+000157b0: 6f20 6d61 6e79 2066 6f6e 7473 2074 6f20 o many fonts to \n+000157c0: 6669 7420 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2064 fit on screen, d\n+000157d0: 6f20 2273 6574 0a70 6167 6572 3d31 2220 o \"set.pager=1\" \n+000157e0: 6265 666f 7265 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 before executing\n+000157f0: 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2e0a 0a37 2e32 \"lsfonts\"...7.2\n+00015800: 2e33 2050 726f 6772 6573 7320 4261 720a .3 Progress Bar.\n+00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00015820: 2d2d 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 2e31 0a46 --..Figure 7.1.F\n+00015830: 6967 7572 6520 372e 320a 5072 6f67 7265 igure 7.2.Progre\n+00015840: 7373 2062 6172 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 ss bars are used\n+00015850: 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 to display the \n+00015860: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 remaining time b\n+00015870: 6566 6f72 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 efore GRUB boots\n+00015880: 0a74 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e .the default men\n+00015890: 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 u entry. To cre\n+000158a0: 6174 6520 6120 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 ate a progress b\n+000158b0: 6172 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 ar that will dis\n+000158c0: 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 play the.remaini\n+000158d0: 6e67 2074 696d 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 ng time before a\n+000158e0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 utomatic boot, s\n+000158f0: 696d 706c 7920 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 imply create a \"\n+00015900: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f progress_bar\".co\n+00015910: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 mponent with the\n+00015920: 2069 6420 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f id \"__timeout__\n+00015930: 222e 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 \". This indicat\n+00015940: 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 es to GRUB that \n+00015950: 7468 650a 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 the.progress bar\n+00015960: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 should be updat\n+00015970: 6564 2061 7320 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 ed as time passe\n+00015980: 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 s, and it should\n+00015990: 2062 6520 6d61 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 be made.invisib\n+000159a0: 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 le if the countd\n+000159b0: 6f77 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 own to automatic\n+000159c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 boot is interru\n+000159d0: 7074 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 pted by the user\n+000159e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 ... Progress b\n+000159f0: 6172 7320 6d61 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c ars may optional\n+00015a00: 6c79 2068 6176 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 ly have text dis\n+00015a10: 706c 6179 6564 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 played on them. \n+00015a20: 2054 6869 7320 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f This text.is co\n+00015a30: 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 ntrolled by vari\n+00015a40: 6162 6c65 2022 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 able \"text\" whic\n+00015a50: 6820 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 h contains a pri\n+00015a60: 6e74 6620 7465 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 ntf template wit\n+00015a70: 680a 7468 6520 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d h.the only argum\n+00015a80: 656e 7420 2564 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 ent %d is the nu\n+00015a90: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 mber of seconds \n+00015aa0: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 remaining. Addi\n+00015ab0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c tionally.special\n+00015ac0: 2076 616c 7565 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 values \"@TIMEOU\n+00015ad0: 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 T_NOTIFICATION_S\n+00015ae0: 484f 5254 4022 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 HORT@\",.\"@TIMEOU\n+00015af0: 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d T_NOTIFICATION_M\n+00015b00: 4944 444c 4540 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f IDDLE@\", \"@TIMEO\n+00015b10: 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f UT_NOTIFICATION_\n+00015b20: 4c4f 4e47 4022 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 LONG@\" are.repla\n+00015b30: 6365 6420 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 ced with standar\n+00015b40: 6420 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 d and translated\n+00015b50: 2074 656d 706c 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 templates...7.2\n+00015b60: 2e34 2043 6972 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 .4 Circular Prog\n+00015b70: 7265 7373 2049 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d ress Indicator.-\n 00015b80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 ----------..The \n-00015ba0: 6369 7263 756c 6172 2070 726f 6772 6573 circular progres\n-00015bb0: 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 7220 6675 6e63 s indicator func\n-00015bc0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 726c 7920 tions similarly \n-00015bd0: 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 to the progress \n-00015be0: 6261 722e 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 bar..When given \n-00015bf0: 616e 2069 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 an id of \"__time\n-00015c00: 6f75 745f 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7064 out__\", GRUB upd\n-00015c10: 6174 6573 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 6c61 ates the circula\n-00015c20: 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 6e64 6963 r progress.indic\n-00015c30: 6174 6f72 2773 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 ator's value to \n-00015c40: 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6865 2074 696d indicate the tim\n-00015c50: 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 466f e remaining. Fo\n-00015c60: 7220 7468 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 0a70 r the circular.p\n-00015c70: 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f rogress indicato\n-00015c80: 722c 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f r, there are two\n-00015c90: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 images used to \n-00015ca0: 7265 6e64 6572 2069 743a 2074 6865 202a render it: the *\n-00015cb0: 6365 6e74 6572 2a0a 696d 6167 652c 2061 center*.image, a\n-00015cc0: 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 696d nd the *tick* im\n-00015cd0: 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 age. 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A \n+00016210: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 636f styled box is co\n+00016220: 6d70 6f73 6564 206f 6620 3920 7265 6374 mposed of 9 rect\n+00016230: 616e 6775 6c61 7220 2861 6e64 0a70 6f74 angular (and.pot\n+00016240: 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2920 entially empty) \n+00016250: 7265 6769 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 regions, which a\n+00016260: 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 6561 6d6c re used to seaml\n+00016270: 6573 736c 7920 6472 6177 2074 6865 2073 essly draw the s\n+00016280: 7479 6c65 640a 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 tyled.box on scr\n+00016290: 6565 6e3a 0a0a 4e6f 7274 6877 6573 7420 een:..Northwest \n+000162a0: 286e 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f72 (nw) Nor\n+000162b0: 7468 2028 6e29 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 th (n) \n+000162c0: 2020 2020 4e6f 7274 6865 6173 7420 286e Northeast (n\n+000162d0: 6529 0a57 6573 7420 2877 2920 2020 2020 e).West (w) \n+000162e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4365 6e74 6572 Center\n+000162f0: 2028 6329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (c) \n+00016300: 2045 6173 7420 2865 290a 536f 7574 6877 East (e).Southw\n+00016310: 6573 7420 2873 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 est (sw) \n+00016320: 2053 6f75 7468 2028 7329 2020 2020 2020 South (s) \n+00016330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f 7574 6865 6173 Southeas\n+00016340: 7420 2873 6529 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7375 t (se).. To su\n+00016350: 7070 6f72 7420 616e 7920 7369 7a65 206f pport any size o\n+00016360: 6620 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c f box on screen,\n+00016370: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n+00016380: 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 e and the slices\n+00016390: 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2c20 626f .for the top, bo\n+000163a0: 7474 6f6d 2c20 616e 6420 7369 6465 7320 ttom, and sides \n+000163b0: 6172 6520 616c 6c20 7363 616c 6564 2074 are all scaled t\n+000163c0: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 o the correct si\n+000163d0: 7a65 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 706f ze for.the compo\n+000163e0: 6e65 6e74 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 nent on screen, \n+000163f0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 using the follow\n+00016400: 696e 6720 7275 6c65 733a 0a0a 2020 312e ing rules:.. 1.\n+00016410: 2054 6865 2065 6467 6520 736c 6963 6573 The edge slices\n+00016420: 2028 6e6f 7274 682c 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 (north, south, \n+00016430: 6561 7374 2c20 616e 6420 7765 7374 2920 east, and west) \n+00016440: 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 are scaled in th\n+00016450: 650a 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e e. direction\n+00016460: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6564 6765 2074 6865 of the edge the\n+00016470: 7920 6172 6520 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 y are adjacent t\n+00016480: 6f2e 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 o. 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O\n-00016680: 6e65 2070 726f 6365 7373 2074 6861 7420 ne process that \n-00016690: 776f 726b 7320 7765 6c6c 2066 6f72 2073 works well for s\n-000166a0: 6c69 6369 6e67 2061 0a64 7261 7769 6e67 licing a.drawing\n-000166b0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 6365 7373 into the necess\n-000166c0: 6172 7920 696d 6167 6520 736c 6963 6573 ary image slices\n-000166d0: 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2043 7265 6174 is:.. 1. Creat\n-000166e0: 6520 6f72 206f 7065 6e20 7468 6520 6472 e or open the dr\n-000166f0: 6177 696e 6720 796f 7527 6420 6c69 6b65 awing you'd like\n-00016700: 2075 7365 2e0a 2020 322e 2043 7265 6174 use.. 2. Creat\n-00016710: 6520 6120 6e65 7720 6c61 7965 7220 6f6e e a new layer on\n-00016720: 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206f 6620 7468 6520 the top of the \n-00016730: 6c61 7965 7220 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 4d61 layer stack. 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In t\n-00016fe0: 6869 7320 6578 616d 706c 652c 206e 616d his example, nam\n-00016ff0: 6533 2069 7320 6173 7369 676e 6564 2061 e3 is assigned a\n-00017000: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0a37 color value...7\n-00017010: 2e33 2e33 2047 6c6f 6261 6c20 5072 6f70 .3.3 Global Prop\n-00017020: 6572 7479 204c 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erty List.------\n+00016610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00016620: 5468 6520 496e 6b73 6361 7065 5f20 7363 The Inkscape_ sc\n+00016630: 616c 6162 6c65 2076 6563 746f 7220 6772 alable vector gr\n+00016640: 6170 6869 6373 2065 6469 746f 7220 6973 aphics editor is\n+00016650: 2061 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 a very useful t\n+00016660: 6f6f 6c20 666f 720a 6372 6561 7469 6e67 ool for.creating\n+00016670: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 696d 6167 styled box imag\n+00016680: 6573 2e20 204f 6e65 2070 726f 6365 7373 es. One process\n+00016690: 2074 6861 7420 776f 726b 7320 7765 6c6c that works well\n+000166a0: 2066 6f72 2073 6c69 6369 6e67 2061 0a64 for slicing a.d\n+000166b0: 7261 7769 6e67 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 rawing into the \n+000166c0: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 696d 6167 6520 necessary image \n+000166d0: 736c 6963 6573 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 312e slices is:.. 1.\n+000166e0: 2043 7265 6174 6520 6f72 206f 7065 6e20 Create or open \n+000166f0: 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 6720 796f 7527 the drawing you'\n+00016700: 6420 6c69 6b65 2075 7365 2e0a 2020 322e d like use.. 2.\n+00016710: 2043 7265 6174 6520 6120 6e65 7720 6c61 Create a new la\n+00016720: 7965 7220 6f6e 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206f yer on the top o\n+00016730: 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7965 7220 7374 6163 f the layer stac\n+00016740: 6b2e 2020 4d61 6b65 2069 7420 7669 7369 k. Make it visi\n+00016750: 626c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 ble.. 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Draw 9 re\n+00016790: 6374 616e 676c 6573 206f 6e20 796f 7572 ctangles on your\n+000167a0: 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2077 6865 7265 2079 drawing where y\n+000167b0: 6f75 2764 206c 696b 6520 7468 6520 736c ou'd like the sl\n+000167c0: 6963 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2062 652e ices to. be.\n+000167d0: 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 6669 6c6c Clear the fill\n+000167e0: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 option, and set\n+000167f0: 2074 6865 2073 7472 6f6b 6520 746f 2031 the stroke to 1\n+00016800: 2070 6978 656c 2077 6964 650a 2020 2020 pixel wide. \n+00016810: 2073 6f6c 6964 2073 7472 6f6b 652e 2020 solid stroke. \n+00016820: 5468 6520 636f 726e 6572 7320 6f66 2074 The corners of t\n+00016830: 6865 2073 6c69 6365 7320 6d75 7374 206d he slices must m\n+00016840: 6565 7420 7072 6563 6973 656c 793b 2069 eet precisely; i\n+00016850: 6620 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f 6666 f it. is off\n+00016860: 2062 7920 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 6978 by a single pix\n+00016870: 656c 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 el, it will prob\n+00016880: 6162 6c79 2062 6520 6576 6964 656e 7420 ably be evident \n+00016890: 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7374 when the. st\n+000168a0: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 7265 6e64 yled box is rend\n+000168b0: 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 ered in the GRUB\n+000168c0: 206d 656e 752e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 menu. You shou\n+000168d0: 6c64 2070 726f 6261 626c 7920 676f 2074 ld probably go t\n+000168e0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2046 696c 6520 7c20 446f o. 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If the. \n-00017c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017c10: 2020 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 image for \n-00017c20: 616e 7920 736c 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f74 any slice is not\n-00017c30: 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c0a found, it will.\n-00017c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017c50: 2020 2020 2020 2073 696d 706c 7920 6265 simply be\n-00017c60: 206c 6566 7420 656d 7074 792e 0a74 6572 left empty..ter\n-00017c70: 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 7264 6572 2020 2020 minal-border \n-00017c80: 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 Specifies th\n-00017c90: 6520 626f 7264 6572 2077 6964 7468 206f e border width o\n-00017ca0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n-00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 ter\n-00017cc0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 minal window..te\n-00017cd0: 726d 696e 616c 2d6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 rminal-left \n-00017ce0: 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 Specifies t\n-00017cf0: 6865 206c 6566 7420 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 he left coordina\n-00017d00: 7465 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 te of the. \n+00017840: 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 2c20 \"center\", \n+00017850: 2272 6967 6874 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c \"right\". 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O\n+00017940: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 746f 7022 ptions are \"top\"\n+00017950: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,. \n+00017960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 6572 \"center\n+00017970: 222c 2022 626f 7474 6f6d 222e 2020 4465 \", \"bottom\". De\n+00017980: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6365 6e74 6572 fault is \"center\n+00017990: 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d63 6f6c 6f72 \"..desktop-color\n+000179a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 Specif\n+000179b0: 6965 7320 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 666f ies the color fo\n+000179c0: 7220 7468 6520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 r the background\n+000179d0: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n+000179e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b *desk\n+000179f0: 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 7320 6e6f top-image* is no\n+00017a00: 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 642e 0a74 6572 t specified..ter\n+00017a10: 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 7820 2020 2020 2020 minal-box \n+00017a20: 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 Specifies th\n+00017a30: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7061 7474 e file name patt\n+00017a40: 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 ern for the. \n+00017a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017a60: 2020 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 736c styled box sl\n+00017a70: 6963 6573 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7468 ices used for th\n+00017a80: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 e command. \n+00017a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017aa0: 206c 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 line terminal w\n+00017ab0: 696e 646f 772e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d indow. For exam\n+00017ac0: 706c 652c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ple,. \n+00017ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2274 6572 \"ter\n+00017ae0: 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 783a 2074 6572 6d69 minal-box: termi\n+00017af0: 6e61 6c5f 2a2e 706e 6722 2077 696c 6c20 nal_*.png\" will \n+00017b00: 7573 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 use. \n+00017b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 the i\n+00017b20: 6d61 6765 7320 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f mages \"terminal_\n+00017b30: 632e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6365 c.png\" as the ce\n+00017b40: 6e74 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nter. \n+00017b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6172 6561 area\n+00017b60: 2c20 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6e2e 706e , \"terminal_n.pn\n+00017b70: 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 6820 g\" as the north \n+00017b80: 2874 6f70 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (top). \n+00017b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6467 edg\n+00017ba0: 652c 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6e 772e e, \"terminal_nw.\n+00017bb0: 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 png\" as the nort\n+00017bc0: 6877 6573 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hwest. \n+00017bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 7570 (up\n+00017be0: 7065 7220 6c65 6674 2920 636f 726e 6572 per left) corner\n+00017bf0: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 4966 , and so on. If\n+00017c00: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696d 6167 imag\n+00017c20: 6520 666f 7220 616e 7920 736c 6963 6520 e for any slice \n+00017c30: 6973 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6974 is not found, it\n+00017c40: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 will. \n+00017c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 696d sim\n+00017c60: 706c 7920 6265 206c 6566 7420 656d 7074 ply be left empt\n+00017c70: 792e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 7264 y..terminal-bord\n+00017c80: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 er Specif\n+00017c90: 6965 7320 7468 6520 626f 7264 6572 2077 ies the border w\n+00017ca0: 6964 7468 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 idth of the. \n+00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017cc0: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 terminal wind\n+00017cd0: 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d6c 6566 ow..terminal-lef\n+00017ce0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 t Speci\n+00017cf0: 6669 6573 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 636f fies the left co\n+00017d00: 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 206f 6620 7468 650a ordinate of the.\n 00017d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017d20: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 terminal window\n-00017d30: 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d74 6f70 2020 ..terminal-top \n-00017d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 Specifi\n-00017d50: 6573 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2063 6f6f 7264 es the top coord\n-00017d60: 696e 6174 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 inate of the. \n-00017d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017d80: 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e terminal win\n-00017d90: 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 7769 dow..terminal-wi\n-00017da0: 6474 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 dth Spec\n-00017db0: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 ifies the width \n-00017dc0: 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a of the terminal.\n-00017dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017de0: 2020 2020 2020 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 window..t\n-00017df0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 6865 6967 6874 2020 erminal-height \n-00017e00: 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 Specifies \n-00017e10: 7468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 7468 the height of th\n-00017e20: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 e terminal. \n-00017e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017e40: 2020 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e34 window...7.3.4\n-00017e50: 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2043 6f6e 7374 Component Const\n-00017e60: 7275 6374 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ruction.--------\n+00017d20: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 terminal \n+00017d30: 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c window..terminal\n+00017d40: 2d74 6f70 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 -top S\n+00017d50: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2074 6f70 pecifies the top\n+00017d60: 2063 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 6520 6f66 2074 coordinate of t\n+00017d70: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+00017d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e termin\n+00017d90: 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 al window..termi\n+00017da0: 6e61 6c2d 7769 6474 6820 2020 2020 2020 nal-width \n+00017db0: 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 Specifies the \n+00017dc0: 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6572 width of the ter\n+00017dd0: 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 minal. \n+00017de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696e win\n+00017df0: 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 6865 dow..terminal-he\n+00017e00: 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 ight Spec\n+00017e10: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6865 6967 6874 ifies the height\n+00017e20: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c of the terminal\n+00017e30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017e40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a window..\n+00017e50: 0a37 2e33 2e34 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 .7.3.4 Component\n+00017e60: 2043 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e0a 2d2d Construction.--\n 00017e70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00017e80: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4772 6561 7465 7220 6375 ----..Greater cu\n-00017e90: 7374 6f6d 697a 6162 696c 6974 7920 636f stomizability co\n-00017ea0: 6d65 7320 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 mes is provided \n-00017eb0: 6279 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732e 2020 by components. \n-00017ec0: 4120 7472 6565 206f 660a 636f 6d70 6f6e A tree of.compon\n-00017ed0: 656e 7473 2066 6f72 6d73 2074 6865 2075 ents forms the u\n-00017ee0: 7365 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e 2020 ser interface. \n-00017ef0: 2a43 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 732a 2061 7265 *Containers* are\n-00017f00: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7468 6174 components that\n-00017f10: 0a63 616e 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206f 7468 .can contain oth\n-00017f20: 6572 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732c 2061 er components, a\n-00017f30: 6e64 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c 7761 nd there is alwa\n-00017f40: 7973 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 726f 6f74 ys a single root\n-00017f50: 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6869 6368 .component which\n-00017f60: 2069 7320 616e 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 6520 is an instance \n-00017f70: 6f66 2061 202a 6361 6e76 6173 2a20 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Com\n-00017f90: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6372 6561 ponents are crea\n-00017fa0: 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 ted in the theme\n-00017fb0: 2066 696c 6520 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 file by prefixi\n-00017fc0: 6e67 2074 6865 2074 7970 6520 6f66 0a63 ng the type of.c\n-00017fd0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 6120 omponent with a \n-00017fe0: 272b 2720 7369 676e 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 '+' sign:.. ..\n-00017ff0: 9820 2b20 6c61 6265 6c20 7b20 7465 7874 . + label { text\n-00018000: 3d22 4752 5542 2220 666f 6e74 3d22 6171 =\"GRUB\" font=\"aq\n-00018010: 7569 2031 3122 2063 6f6c 6f72 3d22 2338 ui 11\" color=\"#8\n-00018020: 4646 2220 7d20 e280 990a 0a20 2020 7072 FF\" } ..... pr\n-00018030: 6f70 6572 7469 6573 206f 6620 6120 636f operties of a co\n-00018040: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6172 6520 7370 6563 mponent are spec\n-00018050: 6966 6965 6420 6173 2022 6e61 6d65 203d ified as \"name =\n-00018060: 2076 616c 7565 2220 2877 6869 7465 7370 value\" (whitesp\n-00018070: 6163 650a 7375 7272 6f75 6e64 696e 6720 ace.surrounding \n-00018080: 746f 6b65 6e73 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e tokens is option\n-00018090: 616c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 al and is ignore\n-000180a0: 6429 2077 6865 7265 202a 7661 6c75 652a d) where *value*\n-000180b0: 206d 6179 2062 653a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 may be:. ... \n-000180c0: 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2077 6f72 6420 2865 a single word (e\n-000180d0: 2e67 2e2c 2022 616c 6967 6e20 3d20 6365 .g., \"align = ce\n-000180e0: 6e74 6572 222c 2022 636f 6c6f 7220 3d20 nter\", \"color = \n-000180f0: 2346 4638 3038 3022 292c 0a20 2020 e280 #FF8080\"),. ..\n-00018100: a220 6120 7175 6f74 6564 2073 7472 696e . a quoted strin\n-00018110: 6720 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 7465 7874 203d g (e.g., \"text =\n-00018120: 2022 4865 6c6c 6f2c 2057 6f72 6c64 2122 \"Hello, World!\"\n-00018130: 2229 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6120 \"), or. ... a \n-00018140: 7475 706c 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 7072 tuple (e.g., \"pr\n-00018150: 6566 6572 7265 645f 7369 7a65 203d 2028 eferred_size = (\n-00018160: 3132 302c 2038 3029 2229 2e0a 0a37 2e33 120, 80)\")...7.3\n-00018170: 2e35 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 204c 6973 .5 Component Lis\n-00018180: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n-00018190: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c ------..The foll\n-000181a0: 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 206c 6973 7420 owing is a list \n-000181b0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 of the component\n-000181c0: 7320 616e 6420 7468 6520 7072 6f70 6572 s and the proper\n-000181d0: 7469 6573 2074 6865 790a 7375 7070 6f72 ties they.suppor\n-000181e0: 742e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6162 656c t... ... label\n-000181f0: 2041 206c 6162 656c 2064 6973 706c 6179 A label display\n-00018200: 7320 6120 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 7465 7874 s a line of text\n-00018210: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 ... Properti\n-00018220: 6573 3a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 2020 2020 es:. id \n-00018230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 Set to \"\n-00018240: 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 __timeout__\" to \n-00018250: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 display the time\n-00018260: 2065 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 elapsed. \n-00018270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 to \n-00018280: 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 2062 an automatical b\n-00018290: 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 oot of the defau\n-000182a0: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 lt entry.. t\n-000182b0: 6578 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 ext Th\n-000182c0: 6520 7465 7874 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 e text to displa\n-000182d0: 792e 2020 4966 2022 6964 2220 6973 2073 y. If \"id\" is s\n-000182e0: 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et to. \n-000182f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 225f 5f74 696d \"__tim\n-00018300: 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e 6420 6e6f 2022 eout__\" and no \"\n-00018310: 7465 7874 2220 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2069 text\" property i\n-00018320: 7320 7365 7420 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 s set then. \n-00018330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-00018340: 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 6563 he amount of sec\n-00018350: 6f6e 6473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f onds will be sho\n-00018360: 776e 2e20 2049 6620 7365 7420 746f 0a20 wn. If set to. \n-00018370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018380: 2020 2022 404b 4559 4d41 505f 5348 4f52 \"@KEYMAP_SHOR\n-00018390: 5440 222c 2022 404b 4559 4d41 505f 4d49 T@\", \"@KEYMAP_MI\n-000183a0: 4444 4c45 4022 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 DDLE@\" or. \n-000183b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 \"@\n-000183c0: 4b45 594d 4150 5f4c 4f4e 4740 2220 7468 KEYMAP_LONG@\" th\n-000183d0: 656e 2070 7265 6465 6669 6e65 6420 686f en predefined ho\n-000183e0: 746b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tkey. \n-000183f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 informa\n-00018400: 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f tion will be sho\n-00018410: 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 6f6e 7420 2020 wn.. font \n-00018420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 The font\n-00018430: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7465 7874 to use for text\n-00018440: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2e0a 2020 2020 2063 display.. c\n-00018450: 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 olor Th\n-00018460: 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2074 e color of the t\n-00018470: 6578 742e 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6967 6e20 ext.. align \n-00018480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2068 6f72 The hor\n-00018490: 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 616c 6967 6e6d 656e izontal alignmen\n-000184a0: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 7769 t of the text wi\n-000184b0: 7468 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 thin the. \n-000184c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6d com\n-000184d0: 706f 6e65 6e74 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 ponent. Options\n-000184e0: 2061 7265 2022 6c65 6674 222c 2022 6365 are \"left\", \"ce\n-000184f0: 6e74 6572 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 nter\" and. \n-00018500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2272 \"r\n-00018510: 6967 6874 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 ight\".. visi\n-00018520: 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 ble Set t\n-00018530: 6f20 2266 616c 7365 2220 746f 2068 6964 o \"false\" to hid\n-00018540: 6520 7468 6520 6c61 6265 6c2e 0a0a 2020 e the label... \n-00018550: 20e2 80a2 2069 6d61 6765 2041 2063 6f6d ... image A com\n-00018560: 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6469 7370 ponent that disp\n-00018570: 6c61 7973 2061 6e20 696d 6167 652e 2020 lays an image. \n-00018580: 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6973 2073 6361 The image is sca\n-00018590: 6c65 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7420 led to. fit \n-000185a0: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 0a0a the component...\n-000185b0: 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a Properties:\n-000185c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 .. file \n-000185d0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6675 6c6c 2070 The full p\n-000185e0: 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 ath to the image\n-000185f0: 2066 696c 6520 746f 206c 6f61 642e 0a0a file to load...\n-00018600: 2020 20e2 80a2 2070 726f 6772 6573 735f ... progress_\n-00018610: 6261 7220 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2068 bar Displays a h\n-00018620: 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c6c 7920 6f72 6965 orizontally orie\n-00018630: 6e74 6564 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 nted progress ba\n-00018640: 722e 2020 4974 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 r. It can. \n-00018650: 6265 2072 656e 6465 7265 6420 7573 696e be rendered usin\n-00018660: 6720 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 6f6c 6964 2066 g simple solid f\n-00018670: 696c 6c65 6420 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 illed rectangles\n-00018680: 2c20 6f72 2075 7369 6e67 2061 2070 6169 , or using a pai\n-00018690: 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7069 786d 6170 r. of pixmap\n-000186a0: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 732e 0a0a styled boxes...\n-000186b0: 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a Properties:\n-000186c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 2020 2020 2020 .. id \n-000186d0: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f Set to \"__\n-000186e0: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 timeout__\" to di\n-000186f0: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 2065 splay the time e\n-00018700: 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lapsed. \n-00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 616e to an\n-00018720: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 2062 6f6f automatical boo\n-00018730: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 t of the default\n-00018740: 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 675f entry.. fg_\n-00018750: 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 color The \n-00018760: 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 foreground color\n-00018770: 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 for plain solid\n-00018780: 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 color. \n-00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 rende\n-000187a0: 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 675f 636f ring.. bg_co\n-000187b0: 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6261 lor The ba\n-000187c0: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 ckground color f\n-000187d0: 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 or plain solid c\n-000187e0: 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 olor. \n-000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 renderi\n-00018800: 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f72 6465 725f ng.. border_\n-00018810: 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 5468 6520 626f 7264 color The bord\n-00018820: 6572 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 er color for pla\n-00018830: 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 in solid color. \n-00018840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018850: 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 rendering.. \n-00018860: 2020 2074 6578 745f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 text_color \n-00018870: 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6c 6f72 The text color\n-00018880: 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 .. bar_style\n-00018890: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 The styled\n-000188a0: 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 box specificati\n-000188b0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 on for the frame\n-000188c0: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 of. \n-000188d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7072 6f67 the prog\n-000188e0: 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 ress bar. Examp\n-000188f0: 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le:. \n-00018900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 726f 6772 6573 \"progres\n-00018910: 735f 6672 616d 655f 2a2e 706e 6722 2049 s_frame_*.png\" I\n-00018920: 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 f the value is e\n-00018930: 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 qual to. \n-00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2268 6967 \"hig\n-00018950: 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 hlight_style\" th\n-00018960: 656e 206e 6f20 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 en no styled box\n-00018970: 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 es will be. \n-00018980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-00018990: 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c hown.. highl\n-000189a0: 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 5468 6520 7374 ight_styleThe st\n-000189b0: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 yled box specifi\n-000189c0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2068 cation for the h\n-000189d0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 0a20 2020 2020 ighlighted. \n-000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 r\n-000189f0: 6567 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 726f egion of the pro\n-00018a00: 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 5468 6973 gress bar. This\n-00018a10: 2062 6f78 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 box will be. \n-00018a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018a30: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2070 6169 6e74 206a used to paint j\n-00018a40: 7573 7420 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 ust the highligh\n-00018a50: 7465 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 ted region of th\n-00018a60: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00018a70: 2020 2020 2020 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2077 bar, and w\n-00018a80: 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e63 7265 6173 6564 ill be increased\n-00018a90: 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2061 7320 7468 6520 in size as the \n-00018aa0: 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bar. \n-00018ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 6172 7320 636f nears co\n-00018ac0: 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 mpletion. Examp\n-00018ad0: 6c65 3a20 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 686c le: \"progress_hl\n-00018ae0: 5f2a 2e70 6e67 222e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 _*.png\".. \n-00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6620 If \n-00018b00: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 the value is equ\n-00018b10: 616c 2074 6f20 2262 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 al to \"bar_style\n-00018b20: 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 \" then no. \n-00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7374 st\n-00018b40: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 yled boxes will \n-00018b50: 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 be shown.. h\n-00018b60: 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f6f 7665 726c 6179 ighlight_overlay\n-00018b70: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n-00018b80: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 2220 s set to \"true\" \n-00018b90: 7468 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 then the. \n-00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6967 hig\n-00018bb0: 686c 6967 6874 2062 6f78 2073 6964 6520 hlight box side \n-00018bc0: 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c slices (every sl\n-00018bd0: 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 0a20 2020 2020 ice except. \n-00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-00018bf0: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6529 he center slice)\n-00018c00: 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 7468 will overlay th\n-00018c10: 6520 6672 616d 6520 626f 780a 2020 2020 e frame box. \n-00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018c30: 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e side slices. An\n-00018c40: 6420 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 d the center sli\n-00018c50: 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 ce of the. \n-00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6869 hi\n-00018c70: 6768 6c69 6768 7420 626f 7820 6361 6e20 ghlight box can \n-00018c80: 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2077 6179 move all the way\n-00018c90: 2028 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 6f0a 2020 (from top to. \n-00018ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018cb0: 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 bottom), being\n-00018cc0: 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 drawn on the ce\n-00018cd0: 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 nter slice of th\n-00018ce0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00018cf0: 2020 2020 2020 6672 616d 6520 626f 782e frame box.\n-00018d00: 2020 5468 6174 2077 6179 2077 6520 6361 That way we ca\n-00018d10: 6e20 6d61 6b65 2061 2070 726f 6772 6573 n make a progres\n-00018d20: 7320 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s bar. \n-00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2072 with r\n-00018d40: 6f75 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 6420 6564 6765 ound-shaped edge\n-00018d50: 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 s so there won't\n-00018d60: 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 be a free. \n-00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-00018d80: 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6869 pace from the hi\n-00018d90: 6768 6c69 6768 7420 746f 2074 6865 2066 ghlight to the f\n-00018da0: 7261 6d65 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e 640a rame in top and.\n-00018db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018dc0: 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c bottom scrol\n-00018dd0: 6c62 6172 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 lbar positions. \n-00018de0: 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c Default is \"fal\n-00018df0: 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6e74 2020 se\".. font \n-00018e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e The fon\n-00018e10: 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2070 726f t to use for pro\n-00018e20: 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 gress bar.. \n-00018e30: 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 text T\n-00018e40: 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 706c he text to displ\n-00018e50: 6179 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 ay on the progre\n-00018e60: 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a ss bar. If the.\n-00018e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018e80: 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 progress bar\n-00018e90: 2773 2049 4420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 's ID is set to \n-00018ea0: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e \"__timeout__\" an\n-00018eb0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n-00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 the value \n-00018ed0: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 of this property\n-00018ee0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 is set to. \n-00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-00018f00: 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 @TIMEOUT_NOTIFIC\n-00018f10: 4154 494f 4e5f 5348 4f52 5440 222c 0a20 ATION_SHORT@\",. \n-00018f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018f30: 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 \"@TIMEOUT_NOT\n-00018f40: 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4d49 4444 4c45 IFICATION_MIDDLE\n-00018f50: 4022 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 @\" or. \n-00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 \"@TIME\n-00018f70: 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e OUT_NOTIFICATION\n-00018f80: 5f4c 4f4e 4740 222c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 _LONG@\", then GR\n-00018f90: 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 UB will. \n-00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7570 6461 upda\n-00018fb0: 7465 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 te this property\n-00018fc0: 2077 6974 6820 616e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 with an informa\n-00018fd0: 7469 7665 206d 6573 7361 6765 0a20 2020 tive message. \n-00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ff0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 as the timeout \n-00019000: 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 approaches... \n-00019010: e280 a220 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f ... circular_pro\n-00019020: 6772 6573 7320 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 gress Displays a\n-00019030: 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 circular progre\n-00019040: 7373 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e20 2054 ss indicator. T\n-00019050: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 616e he. appearan\n-00019060: 6365 206f 6620 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 706f ce of this compo\n-00019070: 6e65 6e74 2069 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e nent is determin\n-00019080: 6564 2062 7920 7477 6f20 696d 6167 6573 ed by two images\n-00019090: 3a20 7468 650a 2020 2020 202a 6365 6e74 : the. *cent\n-000190a0: 6572 2a20 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7468 er* image and th\n-000190b0: 6520 2a74 6963 6b2a 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 e *tick* image. \n-000190c0: 2054 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 696d 6167 The center imag\n-000190d0: 6520 6973 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 0a20 e is generally. \n-000190e0: 2020 2020 6c61 7267 6572 2061 6e64 2077 larger and w\n-000190f0: 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 ill be drawn in \n-00019100: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 206f 6620 7468 the center of th\n-00019110: 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 4172 e component. Ar\n-00019120: 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6369 ound. the ci\n-00019130: 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 rcumference of a\n-00019140: 2063 6972 636c 6520 7769 7468 696e 2074 circle within t\n-00019150: 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2c20 7468 he component, th\n-00019160: 6520 7469 636b 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 e tick image. \n-00019170: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 will be drawn \n-00019180: 6120 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 a certain number\n-00019190: 206f 6620 7469 6d65 732c 2064 6570 656e of times, depen\n-000191a0: 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ding on the. \n-000191b0: 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 6f66 2074 properties of t\n-000191c0: 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 he component... \n-000191d0: 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a Properties:.\n-000191e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 . id \n-000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n-00019200: 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f to \"__timeout__\n-00019210: 2220 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 \" to display the\n-00019220: 2074 696d 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 time. \n+00017e80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4772 6561 ----------..Grea\n+00017e90: 7465 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 6162 696c ter customizabil\n+00017ea0: 6974 7920 636f 6d65 7320 6973 2070 726f ity comes is pro\n+00017eb0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 vided by compone\n+00017ec0: 6e74 732e 2020 4120 7472 6565 206f 660a nts. A tree of.\n+00017ed0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2066 6f72 6d73 components forms\n+00017ee0: 2074 6865 2075 7365 7220 696e 7465 7266 the user interf\n+00017ef0: 6163 652e 2020 2a43 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 ace. *Container\n+00017f00: 732a 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 s* are component\n+00017f10: 7320 7468 6174 0a63 616e 2063 6f6e 7461 s that.can conta\n+00017f20: 696e 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 in other compone\n+00017f30: 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7265 2069 nts, and there i\n+00017f40: 7320 616c 7761 7973 2061 2073 696e 676c s always a singl\n+00017f50: 6520 726f 6f74 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 e root.component\n+00017f60: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 616e 2069 6e73 which is an ins\n+00017f70: 7461 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 202a 6361 6e76 tance of a *canv\n+00017f80: 6173 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 722e 0a0a as* container...\n+00017f90: 2020 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6172 Components ar\n+00017fa0: 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 e created in the\n+00017fb0: 2074 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 6279 2070 theme file by p\n+00017fc0: 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2074 6865 2074 7970 refixing the typ\n+00017fd0: 6520 6f66 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 e of.component w\n+00017fe0: 6974 6820 6120 272b 2720 7369 676e 3a0a ith a '+' sign:.\n+00017ff0: 0a20 2020 e280 9820 2b20 6c61 6265 6c20 . ... + label \n+00018000: 7b20 7465 7874 3d22 4752 5542 2220 666f { text=\"GRUB\" fo\n+00018010: 6e74 3d22 6171 7569 2031 3122 2063 6f6c nt=\"aqui 11\" col\n+00018020: 6f72 3d22 2338 4646 2220 7d20 e280 990a or=\"#8FF\" } ....\n+00018030: 0a20 2020 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 206f . properties o\n+00018040: 6620 6120 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6172 f a component ar\n+00018050: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2022 e specified as \"\n+00018060: 6e61 6d65 203d 2076 616c 7565 2220 2877 name = value\" (w\n+00018070: 6869 7465 7370 6163 650a 7375 7272 6f75 hitespace.surrou\n+00018080: 6e64 696e 6720 746f 6b65 6e73 2069 7320 nding tokens is \n+00018090: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 optional and is \n+000180a0: 6967 6e6f 7265 6429 2077 6865 7265 202a ignored) where *\n+000180b0: 7661 6c75 652a 206d 6179 2062 653a 0a20 value* may be:. \n+000180c0: 2020 e280 a220 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2077 ... a single w\n+000180d0: 6f72 6420 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 616c 6967 ord (e.g., \"alig\n+000180e0: 6e20 3d20 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 636f n = center\", \"co\n+000180f0: 6c6f 7220 3d20 2346 4638 3038 3022 292c lor = #FF8080\"),\n+00018100: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6120 7175 6f74 6564 . ... a quoted\n+00018110: 2073 7472 696e 6720 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 string (e.g., \"\n+00018120: 7465 7874 203d 2022 4865 6c6c 6f2c 2057 text = \"Hello, W\n+00018130: 6f72 6c64 2122 2229 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 orld!\"\"), or. \n+00018140: e280 a220 6120 7475 706c 6520 2865 2e67 ... a tuple (e.g\n+00018150: 2e2c 2022 7072 6566 6572 7265 645f 7369 ., \"preferred_si\n+00018160: 7a65 203d 2028 3132 302c 2038 3029 2229 ze = (120, 80)\")\n+00018170: 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e35 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 ...7.3.5 Compone\n+00018180: 6e74 204c 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nt List.--------\n+00018190: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+000181a0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 e following is a\n+000181b0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d list of the com\n+000181c0: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 616e 6420 7468 6520 ponents and the \n+000181d0: 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2074 6865 790a properties they.\n+000181e0: 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 support... ...\n+000181f0: 206c 6162 656c 2041 206c 6162 656c 2064 label A label d\n+00018200: 6973 706c 6179 7320 6120 6c69 6e65 206f isplays a line o\n+00018210: 6620 7465 7874 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 f text... Pr\n+00018220: 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 2020 2020 2069 operties:. i\n+00018230: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 d Se\n+00018240: 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f t to \"__timeout_\n+00018250: 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 _\" to display th\n+00018260: 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 e time elapsed. \n+00018270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018280: 2020 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 to an automat\n+00018290: 6963 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 ical boot of the\n+000182a0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a default entry..\n+000182b0: 2020 2020 2074 6578 7420 2020 2020 2020 text \n+000182c0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 2074 6f20 The text to \n+000182d0: 6469 7370 6c61 792e 2020 4966 2022 6964 display. If \"id\n+000182e0: 2220 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 \" is set to. \n+000182f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018300: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e \"__timeout__\" an\n+00018310: 6420 6e6f 2022 7465 7874 2220 7072 6f70 d no \"text\" prop\n+00018320: 6572 7479 2069 7320 7365 7420 7468 656e erty is set then\n+00018330: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018340: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 the amount \n+00018350: 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2077 696c 6c20 of seconds will \n+00018360: 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e20 2049 6620 7365 be shown. If se\n+00018370: 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t to. \n+00018380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 404b 4559 4d41 \"@KEYMA\n+00018390: 505f 5348 4f52 5440 222c 2022 404b 4559 P_SHORT@\", \"@KEY\n+000183a0: 4d41 505f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f 720a MAP_MIDDLE@\" or.\n+000183b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000183c0: 2020 2020 2240 4b45 594d 4150 5f4c 4f4e \"@KEYMAP_LON\n+000183d0: 4740 2220 7468 656e 2070 7265 6465 6669 G@\" then predefi\n+000183e0: 6e65 6420 686f 746b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 ned hotkey. \n+000183f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n+00018400: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 nformation will \n+00018410: 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 be shown.. f\n+00018420: 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 ont Th\n+00018430: 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f e font to use fo\n+00018440: 7220 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 2e0a r text display..\n+00018450: 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 color \n+00018460: 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 The color of\n+00018470: 2074 6865 2074 6578 742e 0a20 2020 2020 the text.. \n+00018480: 616c 6967 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 align T\n+00018490: 6865 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 616c he horizontal al\n+000184a0: 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2074 ignment of the t\n+000184b0: 6578 7420 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 0a20 ext within the. \n+000184c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000184d0: 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e20 204f component. O\n+000184e0: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 6c65 6674 ptions are \"left\n+000184f0: 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 2220 616e 640a \", \"center\" and.\n+00018500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018510: 2020 2020 2272 6967 6874 222e 0a20 2020 \"right\".. \n+00018520: 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 visible \n+00018530: 2053 6574 2074 6f20 2266 616c 7365 2220 Set to \"false\" \n+00018540: 746f 2068 6964 6520 7468 6520 6c61 6265 to hide the labe\n+00018550: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 6d61 6765 l... ... image\n+00018560: 2041 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 6861 A component tha\n+00018570: 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 6e20 696d t displays an im\n+00018580: 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 age. The image \n+00018590: 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 0a20 2020 is scaled to. \n+000185a0: 2020 6669 7420 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e fit the compon\n+000185b0: 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 ent... Prope\n+000185c0: 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2066 696c rties:.. fil\n+000185d0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 e The \n+000185e0: 6675 6c6c 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 full path to the\n+000185f0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 746f 206c image file to l\n+00018600: 6f61 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2070 726f oad... ... pro\n+00018610: 6772 6573 735f 6261 7220 4469 7370 6c61 gress_bar Displa\n+00018620: 7973 2061 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c6c ys a horizontall\n+00018630: 7920 6f72 6965 6e74 6564 2070 726f 6772 y oriented progr\n+00018640: 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 4974 2063 616e ess bar. It can\n+00018650: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2072 656e 6465 7265 . be rendere\n+00018660: 6420 7573 696e 6720 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 d using simple s\n+00018670: 6f6c 6964 2066 696c 6c65 6420 7265 6374 olid filled rect\n+00018680: 616e 676c 6573 2c20 6f72 2075 7369 6e67 angles, or using\n+00018690: 2061 2070 6169 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 a pair. of \n+000186a0: 7069 786d 6170 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f pixmap styled bo\n+000186b0: 7865 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 xes... Prope\n+000186c0: 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 rties:.. id \n+000186d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n+000186e0: 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 to \"__timeout__\"\n+000186f0: 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 to display the \n+00018700: 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 2020 time elapsed. \n+00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018720: 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 to an automatic\n+00018730: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 al boot of the d\n+00018740: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 efault entry.. \n+00018750: 2020 2066 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 fg_color \n+00018760: 2020 5468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 The foreground\n+00018770: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e color for plain\n+00018780: 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 solid color. \n+00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000187a0: 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 rendering.. \n+000187b0: 2062 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 bg_color \n+000187c0: 5468 6520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 The background c\n+000187d0: 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 olor for plain s\n+000187e0: 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 olid color. \n+000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 r\n+00018800: 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 endering.. b\n+00018810: 6f72 6465 725f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 5468 order_color Th\n+00018820: 6520 626f 7264 6572 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 e border color f\n+00018830: 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 or plain solid c\n+00018840: 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 olor. \n+00018850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 renderi\n+00018860: 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6578 745f 636f ng.. text_co\n+00018870: 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 lor The text\n+00018880: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6172 color.. bar\n+00018890: 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 _style The \n+000188a0: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 styled box speci\n+000188b0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 fication for the\n+000188c0: 2066 7261 6d65 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 frame of. \n+000188d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 th\n+000188e0: 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 e progress bar. \n+000188f0: 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 Example:. \n+00018900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 \"p\n+00018910: 726f 6772 6573 735f 6672 616d 655f 2a2e rogress_frame_*.\n+00018920: 706e 6722 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 png\" If the valu\n+00018930: 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 e is equal to. \n+00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018950: 2020 2268 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 \"highlight_sty\n+00018960: 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f20 7374 796c le\" then no styl\n+00018970: 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ed boxes will be\n+00018980: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018990: 2020 2020 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 shown.. \n+000189a0: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 highlight_style\n+000189b0: 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 The styled box s\n+000189c0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 pecification for\n+000189d0: 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 the highlighted\n+000189e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000189f0: 2020 2020 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 region of t\n+00018a00: 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e he progress bar.\n+00018a10: 2020 5468 6973 2062 6f78 2077 696c 6c20 This box will \n+00018a20: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be. \n+00018a30: 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2070 used to p\n+00018a40: 6169 6e74 206a 7573 7420 7468 6520 6869 aint just the hi\n+00018a50: 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 7265 6769 6f6e ghlighted region\n+00018a60: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00018a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 722c bar,\n+00018a80: 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e63 and will be inc\n+00018a90: 7265 6173 6564 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2061 reased in size a\n+00018aa0: 7320 7468 6520 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 s the bar. \n+00018ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n+00018ac0: 6172 7320 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 ars completion. \n+00018ad0: 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a20 2270 726f 6772 Example: \"progr\n+00018ae0: 6573 735f 686c 5f2a 2e70 6e67 222e 0a20 ess_hl_*.png\".. \n+00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018b00: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 If the value \n+00018b10: 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 2262 6172 is equal to \"bar\n+00018b20: 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f0a _style\" then no.\n+00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018b40: 2020 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 styled boxes\n+00018b50: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a will be shown..\n+00018b60: 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f6f highlight_o\n+00018b70: 7665 726c 6179 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 verlayIf this op\n+00018b80: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 tion is set to \"\n+00018b90: 7472 7565 2220 7468 656e 2074 6865 0a20 true\" then the. \n+00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018bb0: 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2062 6f78 highlight box\n+00018bc0: 2073 6964 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 side slices (ev\n+00018bd0: 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 ery slice except\n+00018be0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018bf0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 the center \n+00018c00: 736c 6963 6529 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 slice) will over\n+00018c10: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 626f lay the frame bo\n+00018c20: 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x. \n+00018c30: 2020 2020 2020 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 side slice\n+00018c40: 732e 2020 416e 6420 7468 6520 6365 6e74 s. And the cent\n+00018c50: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a er slice of the.\n+00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018c70: 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 626f highlight bo\n+00018c80: 7820 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 x can move all t\n+00018c90: 6865 2077 6179 2028 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 he way (from top\n+00018ca0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n+00018cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 292c bottom),\n+00018cc0: 2062 6569 6e67 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 being drawn on \n+00018cd0: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 the center slice\n+00018ce0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00018cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 616d fram\n+00018d00: 6520 626f 782e 2020 5468 6174 2077 6179 e box. That way\n+00018d10: 2077 6520 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 2061 2070 we can make a p\n+00018d20: 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 720a 2020 2020 rogress bar. \n+00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018d40: 7769 7468 2072 6f75 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 with round-shape\n+00018d50: 6420 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 d edges so there\n+00018d60: 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 won't be a free\n+00018d70: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018d80: 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 space from \n+00018d90: 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 746f the highlight to\n+00018da0: 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 2069 6e20 746f the frame in to\n+00018db0: 7020 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p and. \n+00018dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d bottom\n+00018dd0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6f73 6974 scrollbar posit\n+00018de0: 696f 6e73 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 ions. Default i\n+00018df0: 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 s \"false\".. \n+00018e00: 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 font T\n+00018e10: 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 he font to use f\n+00018e20: 6f72 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e or progress bar.\n+00018e30: 0a20 2020 2020 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 . text \n+00018e40: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f The text to\n+00018e50: 2064 6973 706c 6179 206f 6e20 7468 6520 display on the \n+00018e60: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2049 progress bar. I\n+00018e70: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n+00018e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7265 progre\n+00018e90: 7373 2062 6172 2773 2049 4420 6973 2073 ss bar's ID is s\n+00018ea0: 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 et to \"__timeout\n+00018eb0: 5f5f 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 __\" and. \n+00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 the \n+00018ed0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7072 value of this pr\n+00018ee0: 6f70 6572 7479 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f operty is set to\n+00018ef0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018f00: 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e \"@TIMEOUT_N\n+00018f10: 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 5348 4f52 OTIFICATION_SHOR\n+00018f20: 5440 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 T@\",. \n+00018f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f \"@TIMEO\n+00018f40: 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f UT_NOTIFICATION_\n+00018f50: 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f 720a 2020 2020 MIDDLE@\" or. \n+00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018f70: 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIFI\n+00018f80: 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4c 4f4e 4740 222c 2074 CATION_LONG@\", t\n+00018f90: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 hen GRUB will. \n+00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018fb0: 2020 7570 6461 7465 2074 6869 7320 7072 update this pr\n+00018fc0: 6f70 6572 7479 2077 6974 6820 616e 2069 operty with an i\n+00018fd0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d 6573 7361 nformative messa\n+00018fe0: 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ge. \n+00018ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2061 7320 7468 6520 7469 as the ti\n+00019000: 6d65 6f75 7420 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 meout approaches\n+00019010: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6369 7263 756c ... ... circul\n+00019020: 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7320 4469 7370 ar_progress Disp\n+00019030: 6c61 7973 2061 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 lays a circular \n+00019040: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2069 6e64 6963 6174 progress indicat\n+00019050: 6f72 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 or. The. ap\n+00019060: 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6973 pearance of this\n+00019070: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2069 7320 6465 component is de\n+00019080: 7465 726d 696e 6564 2062 7920 7477 6f20 termined by two \n+00019090: 696d 6167 6573 3a20 7468 650a 2020 2020 images: the. \n+000190a0: 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a20 696d 6167 6520 *center* image \n+000190b0: 616e 6420 7468 6520 2a74 6963 6b2a 2069 and the *tick* i\n+000190c0: 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2063 656e 7465 mage. The cente\n+000190d0: 7220 696d 6167 6520 6973 2067 656e 6572 r image is gener\n+000190e0: 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7267 6572 ally. larger\n+000190f0: 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 and will be dra\n+00019100: 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 wn in the center\n+00019110: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e of the componen\n+00019120: 742e 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 t. Around. \n+00019130: 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 the circumferenc\n+00019140: 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6972 636c 6520 7769 e of a circle wi\n+00019150: 7468 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 thin the compone\n+00019160: 6e74 2c20 7468 6520 7469 636b 2069 6d61 nt, the tick ima\n+00019170: 6765 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ge. will be \n+00019180: 6472 6177 6e20 6120 6365 7274 6169 6e20 drawn a certain \n+00019190: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 6d65 732c number of times,\n+000191a0: 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 depending on th\n+000191b0: 650a 2020 2020 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 e. propertie\n+000191c0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 s of the compone\n+000191d0: 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 nt... Proper\n+000191e0: 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6964 2020 ties:.. id \n+000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019200: 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d Set to \"__tim\n+00019210: 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 746f 2064 6973 706c eout__\" to displ\n+00019220: 6179 2074 6865 2074 696d 650a 2020 2020 ay the time. \n 00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019240: 2020 656c 6170 7365 6420 746f 2061 6e20 elapsed to an \n-00019250: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 626f 6f74 automatical boot\n-00019260: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00019240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 6170 7365 6420 elapsed \n+00019250: 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 to an automatica\n+00019260: 6c20 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 l boot of the. \n 00019270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019280: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 default entr\n-00019290: 792e 0a20 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 5f62 y.. center_b\n-000192a0: 6974 6d61 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 itmap T\n-000192b0: 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 he file name of \n-000192c0: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2064 7261 the image to dra\n-000192d0: 7720 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 w in the. \n+00019280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c defaul\n+00019290: 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 2020 2020 6365 t entry.. ce\n+000192a0: 6e74 6572 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2020 2020 nter_bitmap \n+000192b0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 The file na\n+000192c0: 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 me of the image \n+000192d0: 746f 2064 7261 7720 696e 2074 6865 0a20 to draw in the. \n 000192e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000192f0: 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 2074 center of t\n-00019300: 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 2020 he component.. \n-00019310: 2020 2074 6963 6b5f 6269 746d 6170 2020 tick_bitmap \n-00019320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 The fi\n-00019330: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 le name of the i\n-00019340: 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2066 6f72 mage to draw for\n-00019350: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n-00019370: 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 732e 0a20 2020 tick marks.. \n-00019380: 2020 6e75 6d5f 7469 636b 7320 2020 2020 num_ticks \n-00019390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 756d The num\n-000193a0: 6265 7220 6f66 2074 6963 6b73 2074 6861 ber of ticks tha\n-000193b0: 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 6120 6675 6c6c t make up a full\n-000193c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6972 cir\n-000193e0: 636c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b 735f cle.. ticks_\n-000193f0: 6469 7361 7070 6561 7220 2020 2020 2020 disappear \n-00019400: 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 Boolean value i\n-00019410: 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 ndicating whethe\n-00019420: 7220 7469 636b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 r tick. \n+000192f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 cente\n+00019300: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 r of the compone\n+00019310: 6e74 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6963 6b5f 6269 nt.. tick_bi\n+00019320: 746d 6170 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tmap \n+00019330: 5468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 The file name of\n+00019340: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6472 the image to dr\n+00019350: 6177 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 aw for. \n+00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019370: 2020 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b the tick mark\n+00019380: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d5f 7469 636b s.. num_tick\n+00019390: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 s T\n+000193a0: 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 6963 he number of tic\n+000193b0: 6b73 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 ks that make up \n+000193c0: 6120 6675 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 a full. \n+000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000193e0: 2020 2063 6972 636c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 circle.. \n+000193f0: 7469 636b 735f 6469 7361 7070 6561 7220 ticks_disappear \n+00019400: 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 Boolean v\n+00019410: 616c 7565 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 alue indicating \n+00019420: 7768 6574 6865 7220 7469 636b 0a20 2020 whether tick. \n 00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019440: 2020 206d 6172 6b73 2073 686f 756c 6420 marks should \n-00019450: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 6976 656c 7920 6170 progressively ap\n-00019460: 7065 6172 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 pear, or. \n+00019440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6172 6b73 2073 marks s\n+00019450: 686f 756c 6420 7072 6f67 7265 7373 6976 hould progressiv\n+00019460: 656c 7920 6170 7065 6172 2c20 6f72 0a20 ely appear, or. \n 00019470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019480: 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 6573 7369 7665 progressive\n-00019490: 6c79 2064 6973 6170 7065 6172 2061 7320 ly disappear as \n-000194a0: 2a76 616c 7565 2a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 *value*. \n+00019480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 progr\n+00019490: 6573 7369 7665 6c79 2064 6973 6170 7065 essively disappe\n+000194a0: 6172 2061 7320 2a76 616c 7565 2a0a 2020 ar as *value*. \n 000194b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000194c0: 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 202a approaches *\n-000194d0: 656e 642a 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 2022 end*. Specify \"\n-000194e0: 7472 7565 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 true\" or. \n+000194c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f61 approa\n+000194d0: 6368 6573 202a 656e 642a 2e20 2053 7065 ches *end*. Spe\n+000194e0: 6369 6679 2022 7472 7565 2220 6f72 0a20 cify \"true\" or. \n 000194f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019500: 2020 2020 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e20 2044 \"false\". D\n-00019510: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 efault is \"false\n-00019520: 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6172 745f 616e \".. start_an\n-00019530: 676c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 gle T\n-00019540: 6865 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 he position of t\n-00019550: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 he first tick ma\n-00019560: 726b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rk to. \n+00019500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6661 6c73 \"fals\n+00019510: 6522 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e\". Default is \n+00019520: 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7374 \"false\".. st\n+00019530: 6172 745f 616e 676c 6520 2020 2020 2020 art_angle \n+00019540: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6f73 6974 696f The positio\n+00019550: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 n of the first t\n+00019560: 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 ick mark to. \n 00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019580: 2020 6170 7065 6172 206f 7220 6469 7361 appear or disa\n-00019590: 7070 6561 722e 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 ppear. Measured\n-000195a0: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n+00019580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 206f appear o\n+00019590: 7220 6469 7361 7070 6561 722e 2020 4d65 r disappear. Me\n+000195a0: 6173 7572 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 asured in. \n 000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000195c0: 2270 6172 726f 7473 222c 2031 2022 7061 \"parrots\", 1 \"pa\n-000195d0: 7272 6f74 2220 3d20 3120 2f20 3235 3620 rrot\" = 1 / 256 \n-000195e0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+000195c0: 2020 2020 2020 2270 6172 726f 7473 222c \"parrots\",\n+000195d0: 2031 2022 7061 7272 6f74 2220 3d20 3120 1 \"parrot\" = 1 \n+000195e0: 2f20 3235 3620 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 / 256 of the. \n 000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019600: 2020 2066 756c 6c20 6369 7263 6c65 2e20 full circle. \n-00019610: 2055 7365 2076 616c 7565 7320 2278 7878 Use values \"xxx\n-00019620: 2064 6567 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 deg\" or. \n+00019600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 756c 6c20 6369 full ci\n+00019610: 7263 6c65 2e20 2055 7365 2076 616c 7565 rcle. Use value\n+00019620: 7320 2278 7878 2064 6567 2220 6f72 0a20 s \"xxx deg\" or. \n 00019630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019640: 2020 2020 2022 7878 7820 5c78 6332 5c78 \"xxx \\xc2\\x\n-00019650: 6230 2220 746f 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 b0\" to set the a\n-00019660: 6e67 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ngle in. \n+00019640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7878 7820 \"xxx \n+00019650: 5c78 6332 5c78 6230 2220 746f 2073 6574 \\xc2\\xb0\" to set\n+00019660: 2074 6865 2061 6e67 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 the angle in. \n 00019670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019680: 2020 2020 6465 6772 6565 732e 0a0a 2020 degrees... \n-00019690: 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 745f 6d65 6e75 2044 ... boot_menu D\n-000196a0: 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 4752 5542 isplays the GRUB\n-000196b0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 7420 boot menu. It \n-000196c0: 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 allows selecting\n-000196d0: 2069 7465 6d73 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 items. and \n-000196e0: 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 7468 656d 2e0a executing them..\n-000196f0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 . Properties\n-00019700: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e :.. item_fon\n-00019710: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n-00019720: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 The font t\n-00019730: 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 o use for the me\n-00019740: 6e75 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 nu item. \n+00019680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6772 6565 degree\n+00019690: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 745f s... ... boot_\n+000196a0: 6d65 6e75 2044 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 menu Displays th\n+000196b0: 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 e GRUB boot menu\n+000196c0: 2e20 2049 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 656c . It allows sel\n+000196d0: 6563 7469 6e67 2069 7465 6d73 0a20 2020 ecting items. \n+000196e0: 2020 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 and executing \n+000196f0: 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 them... Prop\n+00019700: 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6974 erties:.. it\n+00019710: 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 em_font \n+00019720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+00019730: 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 font to use for \n+00019740: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 the menu item. \n 00019750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 title\n-00019770: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 s.. selected\n-00019780: 5f69 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 _item_font \n-00019790: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 The font t\n-000197a0: 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 o use for the se\n-000197b0: 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lected. \n+00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019770: 2074 6974 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7365 titles.. se\n+00019780: 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 lected_item_font\n+00019790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+000197a0: 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 font to use for \n+000197b0: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 the selected. \n 000197c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 menu i\n-000197e0: 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 tem, or \"inherit\n-000197f0: 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" (the. \n+000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000197e0: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 menu item, or \"i\n+000197f0: 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 nherit\" (the. \n 00019800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c defaul\n-00019820: 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 6d5f t) to use \"item_\n-00019830: 666f 6e74 2220 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 font\" for. \n+00019810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019820: 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 default) to use \n+00019830: 2269 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2220 666f 720a \"item_font\" for.\n 00019840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n-00019860: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2069 selected menu i\n-00019870: 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a20 2020 tem as well.. \n-00019880: 2020 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 item_color \n-00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198a0: 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 746f 2075 7365 The color to use\n-000198b0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6974 for the menu it\n-000198c0: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 em. \n+00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019860: 2020 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 the selected \n+00019870: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c menu item as wel\n+00019880: 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c l.. item_col\n+00019890: 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or \n+000198a0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 The color \n+000198b0: 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d to use for the m\n+000198c0: 656e 7520 6974 656d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 enu item. \n 000198d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198e0: 2020 2020 2020 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 titles.. \n-000198f0: 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d selected_item\n-00019900: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _color \n-00019910: 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 The color to us\n-00019920: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 e for the select\n-00019930: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n+000198e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7469 746c titl\n+000198f0: 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 es.. selecte\n+00019900: 645f 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 d_item_color \n+00019910: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 The color\n+00019920: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 to use for the \n+00019930: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 selected. \n 00019940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019950: 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c menu item,\n-00019960: 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 or \"inherit\" (t\n-00019970: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+00019950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 menu\n+00019960: 2069 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 item, or \"inher\n+00019970: 6974 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 it\" (the. \n 00019980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019990: 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 default) t\n-000199a0: 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f o use \"item_colo\n-000199b0: 7222 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 r\" for. \n+00019990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 defa\n+000199a0: 756c 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 ult) to use \"ite\n+000199b0: 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7222 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 m_color\" for. \n 000199c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000199d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7365 the se\n-000199e0: 6c65 6374 6564 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d lected menu item\n-000199f0: 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 as well.. i\n-00019a00: 636f 6e5f 7769 6474 6820 2020 2020 2020 con_width \n-00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n-00019a20: 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 width of menu i\n-00019a30: 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 tem icons.. \n-00019a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4963 Ic\n-00019a60: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 2074 ons are scaled t\n-00019a70: 6f20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a o the specified.\n-00019a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000199d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000199e0: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 206d 656e the selected men\n+000199f0: 7520 6974 656d 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a u item as well..\n+00019a00: 2020 2020 2069 636f 6e5f 7769 6474 6820 icon_width \n+00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019a20: 2020 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 The width of \n+00019a30: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e menu item icons.\n+00019a40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019a60: 2020 2020 4963 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7363 Icons are sc\n+00019a70: 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7370 6563 aled to the spec\n+00019a80: 6966 6965 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ified. \n 00019a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019aa0: 2020 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 2020 6963 size.. ic\n-00019ab0: 6f6e 5f68 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 on_height \n-00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-00019ad0: 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 height of menu i\n-00019ae0: 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 tem icons.. \n-00019af0: 6974 656d 5f68 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 item_height \n-00019b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n-00019b10: 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6561 6368 e height of each\n-00019b20: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 6e0a 2020 menu item in. \n-00019b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 697a 652e 0a20 size.. \n+00019ab0: 2020 2020 6963 6f6e 5f68 6569 6768 7420 icon_height \n+00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019ad0: 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 The height of \n+00019ae0: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e menu item icons.\n+00019af0: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f68 6569 6768 . item_heigh\n+00019b00: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+00019b10: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f The height o\n+00019b20: 6620 6561 6368 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d f each menu item\n+00019b30: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n 00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b50: 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 pixels.. it\n-00019b60: 656d 5f70 6164 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 em_padding \n-00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-00019b80: 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 amount of space \n-00019b90: 696e 2070 6978 656c 7320 746f 0a20 2020 in pixels to. \n-00019ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019b50: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 pixels.. \n+00019b60: 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f70 6164 6469 6e67 item_padding\n+00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019b80: 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 The amount of \n+00019b90: 7370 6163 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c 7320 space in pixels \n+00019ba0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n 00019bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019bc0: 6c65 6176 6520 6f6e 2065 6163 6820 7369 leave on each si\n-00019bd0: 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a20 de of the menu. \n-00019be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019bc0: 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6176 6520 6f6e 2065 leave on e\n+00019bd0: 6163 6820 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 ach side of the \n+00019be0: 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 menu. \n 00019bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c00: 2020 6974 656d 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 732e item contents.\n-00019c10: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f69 636f 6e5f . item_icon_\n-00019c20: 7370 6163 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 space \n-00019c30: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6265 The space be\n-00019c40: 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2069 7465 6d27 7320 tween an item's \n-00019c50: 6963 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 icon. \n+00019c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 656d 2063 6f6e item con\n+00019c10: 7465 6e74 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d tents.. item\n+00019c20: 5f69 636f 6e5f 7370 6163 6520 2020 2020 _icon_space \n+00019c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7370 The sp\n+00019c40: 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2069 ace between an i\n+00019c50: 7465 6d27 7320 6963 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 tem's icon. \n 00019c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 and the \n-00019c80: 7469 746c 6520 7465 7874 2c20 696e 2070 title text, in p\n-00019c90: 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d ixels.. item\n-00019ca0: 5f73 7061 6369 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 _spacing \n-00019cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d The am\n-00019cc0: 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 746f ount of space to\n-00019cd0: 206c 6561 7665 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 leave. \n+00019c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e an\n+00019c80: 6420 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 7465 7874 d the title text\n+00019c90: 2c20 696e 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 , in pixels.. \n+00019ca0: 2020 6974 656d 5f73 7061 6369 6e67 2020 item_spacing \n+00019cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019cc0: 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7370 The amount of sp\n+00019cd0: 6163 6520 746f 206c 6561 7665 0a20 2020 ace to leave. \n 00019ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6265 7477 6565 betwee\n-00019d00: 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d73 2c20 696e n menu items, in\n-00019d10: 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 pixels.. me\n-00019d20: 6e75 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 nu_pixmap_style \n-00019d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-00019d40: 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 image file patte\n-00019d50: 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 rn for the. \n-00019d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 me\n-00019d80: 6e75 2066 7261 6d65 2073 7479 6c65 6420 nu frame styled \n-00019d90: 626f 782e 2020 4578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 box. Example:. \n-00019da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019d00: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 between menu ite\n+00019d10: 6d73 2c20 696e 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 ms, in pixels.. \n+00019d20: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 5f70 6978 6d61 705f menu_pixmap_\n+00019d30: 7374 796c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 style \n+00019d40: 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 The image file\n+00019d50: 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 pattern for the\n+00019d60: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019d80: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2066 7261 6d65 2073 menu frame s\n+00019d90: 7479 6c65 6420 626f 782e 2020 4578 616d tyled box. Exam\n+00019da0: 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ple:. \n 00019db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019dc0: 2020 226d 656e 755f 2a2e 706e 6722 2028 \"menu_*.png\" (\n-00019dd0: 7468 6973 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 696d this will use im\n-00019de0: 6167 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ages. \n+00019dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 226d 656e 755f 2a2e \"menu_*.\n+00019dd0: 706e 6722 2028 7468 6973 2077 696c 6c20 png\" (this will \n+00019de0: 7573 6520 696d 6167 6573 0a20 2020 2020 use images. \n 00019df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 6368 2061 7320 such as \n-00019e10: 226d 656e 755f 632e 706e 6722 2c0a 2020 \"menu_c.png\",. \n-00019e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 su\n+00019e10: 6368 2061 7320 226d 656e 755f 632e 706e ch as \"menu_c.pn\n+00019e20: 6722 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g\",. \n 00019e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e40: 2022 6d65 6e75 5f77 2e70 6e67 222c 2027 \"menu_w.png\", '\n-00019e50: 6d65 6e75 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 2c20 6574 menu_nw.png\", et\n-00019e60: 632e 290a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7069 c.). item_pi\n-00019e70: 786d 6170 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 xmap_style \n-00019e80: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 The image\n-00019e90: 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f file pattern fo\n-00019ea0: 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r the. \n+00019e40: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6d65 6e75 5f77 2e70 \"menu_w.p\n+00019e50: 6e67 222c 2027 6d65 6e75 5f6e 772e 706e ng\", 'menu_nw.pn\n+00019e60: 6722 2c20 6574 632e 290a 2020 2020 2069 g\", etc.). i\n+00019e70: 7465 6d5f 7069 786d 6170 5f73 7479 6c65 tem_pixmap_style\n+00019e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n+00019e90: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 image file patt\n+00019ea0: 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 ern for the. \n 00019eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7374 item st\n-00019ed0: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 yled box.. s\n-00019ee0: 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f70 6978 elected_item_pix\n-00019ef0: 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 2020 2054 6865 map_style The\n-00019f00: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 image file patt\n-00019f10: 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 ern for the. \n-00019f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-00019f40: 656c 6563 7465 6420 6974 656d 2068 6967 elected item hig\n-00019f50: 686c 6967 6874 2073 7479 6c65 640a 2020 hlight styled. \n-00019f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n+00019ed0: 7465 6d20 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2e0a tem styled box..\n+00019ee0: 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 selected_it\n+00019ef0: 656d 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 em_pixmap_style \n+00019f00: 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c The image fil\n+00019f10: 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 e pattern for th\n+00019f20: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00019f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019f40: 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6974 selected it\n+00019f50: 656d 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2073 7479 em highlight sty\n+00019f60: 6c65 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 led. \n 00019f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f80: 2062 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c box.. scrol\n-00019f90: 6c62 6172 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lbar \n-00019fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e Boolean\n-00019fb0: 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e value indicatin\n-00019fc0: 6720 7768 6574 6865 720a 2020 2020 2020 g whether. \n+00019f80: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 box.. \n+00019f90: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2020 2020 2020 scrollbar \n+00019fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 B\n+00019fb0: 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e64 oolean value ind\n+00019fc0: 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 720a icating whether.\n 00019fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n-00019ff0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7368 6f75 scroll bar shou\n-0001a000: 6c64 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6966 0a20 ld be drawn if. \n-0001a010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019ff0: 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 the scroll ba\n+0001a000: 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6472 6177 r should be draw\n+0001a010: 6e20 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n if. \n 0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a030: 2020 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 616e 6420 the frame and \n-0001a040: 7468 756d 6220 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 thumb styled box\n-0001a050: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es. \n+0001a030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6672 616d the fram\n+0001a040: 6520 616e 6420 7468 756d 6220 7374 796c e and thumb styl\n+0001a050: 6564 2062 6f78 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ed boxes. \n 0001a060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a070: 2020 2020 2020 6172 6520 636f 6e66 6967 are config\n-0001a080: 7572 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c ured.. scrol\n-0001a090: 6c62 6172 5f66 7261 6d65 2020 2020 2020 lbar_frame \n-0001a0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 The ima\n-0001a0b0: 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 ge file pattern \n-0001a0c0: 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 for the. \n+0001a070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6172 6520 are \n+0001a080: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 configured.. \n+0001a090: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f66 7261 6d65 scrollbar_frame\n+0001a0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n+0001a0b0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 he image file pa\n+0001a0c0: 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 ttern for the. \n 0001a0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6972 entir\n-0001a0f0: 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2e20 2045 e scroll 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E\n-0001a100: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 xample:. \n+0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a0f0: 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 entire scroll b\n+0001a100: 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 ar. Example:. \n 0001a110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f \"scro\n-0001a130: 6c6c 6261 725f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 llbar_*.png\". \n-0001a140: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d scrollbar_thum\n-0001a150: 6220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 b \n-0001a160: 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 The image file p\n-0001a170: 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 attern for the. \n-0001a180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a130: 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 2a2e 706e \"scrollbar_*.pn\n+0001a140: 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 g\". scrollba\n+0001a150: 725f 7468 756d 6220 2020 2020 2020 2020 r_thumb \n+0001a160: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 The image \n+0001a170: 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 file pattern for\n+0001a180: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1a0: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 6875 scroll bar thu\n-0001a1b0: 6d62 2028 7468 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 mb (the part of \n-0001a1c0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+0001a1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 scroll b\n+0001a1b0: 6172 2074 6875 6d62 2028 7468 6520 7061 ar thumb (the pa\n+0001a1c0: 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 rt of the. \n 0001a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 scroll ba\n-0001a1f0: 7220 7468 6174 206d 6f76 6573 2061 7320 r that moves as \n-0001a200: 7363 726f 6c6c 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 scrolling. \n+0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 scr\n+0001a1f0: 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7468 6174 206d 6f76 oll bar that mov\n+0001a200: 6573 2061 7320 7363 726f 6c6c 696e 670a es as scrolling.\n 0001a210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6363 occ\n-0001a230: 7572 7329 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a urs). Example:.\n-0001a240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a230: 2020 206f 6363 7572 7329 2e20 2045 7861 occurs). Exa\n+0001a240: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mple:. \n 0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a260: 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 \"scrollbar_th\n-0001a270: 756d 625f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 umb_*.png\". \n-0001a280: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f scrollbar_thumb_\n-0001a290: 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 2020 2020 2020 4966 overlay If\n-0001a2a0: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n-0001a2b0: 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 220a 2020 set to \"true\". \n-0001a2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c \"scroll\n+0001a270: 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f 2a2e 706e 6722 bar_thumb_*.png\"\n+0001a280: 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f . scrollbar_\n+0001a290: 7468 756d 625f 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 2020 thumb_overlay \n+0001a2a0: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 If this opti\n+0001a2b0: 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 on is set to \"tr\n+0001a2c0: 7565 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue\". \n 0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a2e0: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c then the scroll\n-0001a2f0: 6261 7220 7468 756d 6220 7369 6465 0a20 bar thumb side. \n-0001a300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 then the \n+0001a2f0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7468 756d 6220 scrollbar thumb \n+0001a300: 7369 6465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 side. \n 0001a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a320: 2020 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 slices (every \n-0001a330: 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 slice except the\n-0001a340: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c 6963 6573 2028 slices (\n+0001a330: 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 every slice exce\n+0001a340: 7074 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 pt the. \n 0001a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a360: 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 center slice\n-0001a370: 2920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 726c 6179 2074 ) will overlay t\n-0001a380: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+0001a360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 center\n+0001a370: 2073 6c69 6365 2920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 slice) will ove\n+0001a380: 726c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 rlay the. \n 0001a390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3a0: 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 scrollbar \n-0001a3b0: 6672 616d 6520 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 frame side slice\n-0001a3c0: 732e 2020 416e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s. And. \n+0001a3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f scro\n+0001a3b0: 6c6c 6261 7220 6672 616d 6520 7369 6465 llbar frame side\n+0001a3c0: 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e 640a 2020 slices. And. \n 0001a3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 the c\n-0001a3f0: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 enter slice of t\n-0001a400: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a3f0: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n+0001a400: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e of the. \n 0001a410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a420: 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f scrollbar_\n-0001a430: 7468 756d 6220 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 thumb can move a\n-0001a440: 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll the. \n+0001a420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f scro\n+0001a430: 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 6361 6e20 llbar_thumb can \n+0001a440: 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 move all the. \n 0001a450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7761 7920 2866 way (f\n-0001a470: 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f rom top to botto\n-0001a480: 6d29 2c20 6265 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 m), being. \n+0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a470: 7761 7920 2866 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f way (from top to\n+0001a480: 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 2c20 6265 696e 670a bottom), being.\n 0001a490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 dra\n-0001a4b0: 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 wn on the center\n-0001a4c0: 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 slice of the. \n-0001a4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a4b0: 2020 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 drawn on the \n+0001a4c0: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 center slice of \n+0001a4d0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4f0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2066 7261 6d65 scrollbar frame\n-0001a500: 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7761 7920 7765 2063 . That way we c\n-0001a510: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 an. \n+0001a4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 scrollbar\n+0001a500: 2066 7261 6d65 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7761 frame. That wa\n+0001a510: 7920 7765 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 y we can. \n 0001a520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a530: 2020 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 6372 make a scr\n-0001a540: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6974 6820 726f 756e ollbar with roun\n-0001a550: 642d 7368 6170 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 d-shaped. \n+0001a530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 make\n+0001a540: 2061 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6974 a scrollbar wit\n+0001a550: 6820 726f 756e 642d 7368 6170 6564 0a20 h round-shaped. \n 0001a560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6564 6765 edge\n-0001a580: 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 s so there won't\n-0001a590: 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 be a free. \n-0001a5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 sp\n-0001a5c0: 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6875 ace from the thu\n-0001a5d0: 6d62 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6672 616d 650a mb to the frame.\n-0001a5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a580: 2020 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 edges so there\n+0001a590: 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 won't be a free\n+0001a5a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a5c0: 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 space from t\n+0001a5d0: 6865 2074 6875 6d62 2074 6f20 7468 6520 he thumb to the \n+0001a5e0: 6672 616d 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 frame. \n 0001a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a600: 2020 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e 6420 626f in top and bo\n-0001a610: 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 ttom scrollbar. \n-0001a620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 746f 7020 in top \n+0001a610: 616e 6420 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c and bottom scrol\n+0001a620: 6c62 6172 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lbar. \n 0001a630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a640: 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 positions. De\n-0001a650: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 fault is \"false\"\n-0001a660: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 .. scrollbar\n-0001a670: 5f73 6c69 6365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _slice \n-0001a680: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6672 The menu fr\n-0001a690: 616d 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2773 ame styled box's\n-0001a6a0: 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 slice. \n+0001a640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e position\n+0001a650: 732e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 s. Default is \"\n+0001a660: 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 false\".. scr\n+0001a670: 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 2020 2020 ollbar_slice \n+0001a680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206d The m\n+0001a690: 656e 7520 6672 616d 6520 7374 796c 6564 enu frame styled\n+0001a6a0: 2062 6f78 2773 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 box's slice. \n 0001a6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 2077 6869 in whi\n-0001a6d0: 6368 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 ch the scrollbar\n-0001a6e0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n+0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a6d0: 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 2073 6372 in which the scr\n+0001a6e0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 ollbar will be. \n 0001a6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 draw\n-0001a710: 6e2e 2020 506f 7373 6962 6c65 2076 616c n. Possible val\n-0001a720: 7565 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ues are. \n+0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a710: 2020 6472 6177 6e2e 2020 506f 7373 6962 drawn. Possib\n+0001a720: 6c65 2076 616c 7565 7320 6172 650a 2020 le values are. \n 0001a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7765 7374 \"west\n-0001a750: 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 6561 \", \"center\", \"ea\n-0001a760: 7374 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 st\". \n+0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a750: 2022 7765 7374 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 \"west\", \"center\n+0001a760: 222c 2022 6561 7374 220a 2020 2020 2020 \", \"east\". \n 0001a770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a780: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 (default)\n-0001a790: 2e20 2022 7765 7374 2220 2d20 7468 6520 . \"west\" - the \n-0001a7a0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 scrollbar. \n+0001a780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6465 (de\n+0001a790: 6661 756c 7429 2e20 2022 7765 7374 2220 fault). \"west\" \n+0001a7a0: 2d20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 720a - the scrollbar.\n 0001a7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c wil\n-0001a7d0: 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 l be drawn in th\n-0001a7e0: 6520 7765 7374 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 e west slice. \n-0001a7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a7d0: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e will be drawn\n+0001a7e0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7765 7374 2073 6c69 in the west sli\n+0001a7f0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce. \n 0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a810: 2872 6967 6874 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e (right-aligned).\n-0001a820: 2020 2265 6173 7422 202d 2074 6865 0a20 \"east\" - the. \n-0001a830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a810: 2020 2020 2020 2872 6967 6874 2d61 6c69 (right-ali\n+0001a820: 676e 6564 292e 2020 2265 6173 7422 202d gned). \"east\" -\n+0001a830: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a850: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c scrollbar will\n-0001a860: 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 be drawn in the\n-0001a870: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 scrollba\n+0001a860: 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 r will be drawn \n+0001a870: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n 0001a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a890: 2020 2020 6561 7374 2073 6c69 6365 2028 east slice (\n-0001a8a0: 6c65 6674 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 0a20 left-aligned).. \n-0001a8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6561 7374 2073 east s\n+0001a8a0: 6c69 6365 2028 6c65 6674 2d61 6c69 676e lice (left-align\n+0001a8b0: 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed).. \n 0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a8d0: 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 202d 2074 6865 \"center\" - the\n-0001a8e0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 scrollbar will \n-0001a8f0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be. \n+0001a8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 \"center\"\n+0001a8e0: 202d 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 - the scrollbar\n+0001a8f0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n 0001a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a910: 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 drawn in t\n-0001a920: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e he center slice.\n-0001a930: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 Note:. \n+0001a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 draw\n+0001a920: 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 n in the center \n+0001a930: 736c 6963 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a0a 2020 slice. Note:. \n 0001a940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6361 in ca\n-0001a960: 7365 206f 6620 2263 656e 7465 7222 2073 se of \"center\" s\n-0001a970: 6c69 6365 3a20 6129 2049 660a 2020 2020 lice: a) If. \n-0001a980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-0001a9a0: 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2073 686f he scrollbar sho\n-0001a9b0: 756c 6420 6265 2064 7261 776e 2074 6865 uld be drawn the\n-0001a9c0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n+0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a960: 2069 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 2263 656e in case of \"cen\n+0001a970: 7465 7222 2073 6c69 6365 3a20 6129 2049 ter\" slice: a) I\n+0001a980: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f. \n+0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a9a0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 the scrollb\n+0001a9b0: 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2064 7261 ar should be dra\n+0001a9c0: 776e 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 wn then. \n 0001a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9e0: 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 boot menu e\n-0001a9f0: 6e74 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 2069 730a ntry's width is.\n-0001aa00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 boot \n+0001a9f0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2773 2077 6964 menu entry's wid\n+0001aa00: 7468 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 th is. \n 0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa20: 2020 2064 6563 7265 6173 6564 2062 7920 decreased by \n-0001aa30: 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7227 7320 the scrollbar's \n-0001aa40: 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 width. \n+0001aa20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6563 7265 6173 decreas\n+0001aa30: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c ed by the scroll\n+0001aa40: 6261 7227 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 bar's width. \n 0001aa50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 and the\n-0001aa70: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2069 7320 6472 scrollbar is dr\n-0001aa80: 6177 6e20 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 awn at the. \n-0001aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7269 ri\n-0001aab0: 6768 7420 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 ght side of the \n-0001aac0: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2e0a 2020 center slice.. \n-0001aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 a\n+0001aa70: 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 nd the scrollbar\n+0001aa80: 2069 7320 6472 6177 6e20 6174 2074 6865 is drawn at the\n+0001aa90: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aab0: 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 7369 6465 206f right side o\n+0001aac0: 6620 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 f the center sli\n+0001aad0: 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce.. \n 0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aaf0: 2062 2920 4966 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c b) If the scrol\n-0001ab00: 6c62 6172 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6472 lbar won't be dr\n-0001ab10: 6177 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 awn. \n+0001aaf0: 2020 2020 2020 2062 2920 4966 2074 6865 b) If the\n+0001ab00: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6f6e 2774 scrollbar won't\n+0001ab10: 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 be drawn. \n 0001ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab30: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 then the \n-0001ab40: 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 boot menu entry'\n-0001ab50: 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s width. \n+0001ab30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n+0001ab40: 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 n the boot menu \n+0001ab50: 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 entry's width. \n 0001ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7320 7468 is th\n-0001ab80: 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 e width of the c\n-0001ab90: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 0a20 2020 enter slice.. \n-0001aba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ab80: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 is the width of\n+0001ab90: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n+0001aba0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e.. \n 0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abc0: 6329 2057 6520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6365 c) We don't nece\n-0001abd0: 7373 6172 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6865 0a20 ssary need the. \n-0001abe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001abc0: 2020 2020 2020 6329 2057 6520 646f 6e27 c) We don'\n+0001abd0: 7420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 6e65 6564 t necessary need\n+0001abe0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac00: 2020 6d65 6e75 2070 6978 6d61 7020 626f menu pixmap bo\n-0001ac10: 7820 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 x to display the\n-0001ac20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001ac00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2070 6978 menu pix\n+0001ac10: 6d61 7020 626f 7820 746f 2064 6973 706c map box to displ\n+0001ac20: 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ay the. \n 0001ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac40: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 722e 0a20 scrollbar.. \n-0001ac50: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 6c65 scrollbar_le\n-0001ac60: 6674 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ft_pad \n-0001ac70: 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6674 2073 6372 6f6c The left scrol\n-0001ac80: 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a lbar padding in.\n-0001ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c scroll\n+0001ac50: 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c bar.. scroll\n+0001ac60: 6261 725f 6c65 6674 5f70 6164 2020 2020 bar_left_pad \n+0001ac70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6674 The left\n+0001ac80: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 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Unus\n-0001acc0: 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed if. \n+0001acb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e pixels.\n+0001acc0: 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 Unused if. \n 0001acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c \"scroll\n-0001acf0: 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 2277 bar_slice\" is \"w\n-0001ad00: 6573 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c est\".. scrol\n-0001ad10: 6c62 6172 5f72 6967 6874 5f70 6164 2020 lbar_right_pad \n-0001ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6967 The rig\n-0001ad30: 6874 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 ht scrollbar pad\n-0001ad40: 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding in. \n+0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+0001acf0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 scrollbar_slice\"\n+0001ad00: 2069 7320 2277 6573 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 is \"west\".. \n+0001ad10: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f72 6967 6874 scrollbar_right\n+0001ad20: 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 _pad T\n+0001ad30: 6865 2072 6967 6874 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 he right scrollb\n+0001ad40: 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 ar padding in. \n 0001ad50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c pixel\n-0001ad70: 732e 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 s. 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Unused\n+0001ad80: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n 0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ada0: 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 \"scrollbar_slic\n-0001adb0: 6522 2069 7320 2265 6173 7422 2e0a 2020 e\" is \"east\".. \n-0001adc0: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6f70 scrollbar_top\n-0001add0: 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _pad \n-0001ade0: 2054 6865 2074 6f70 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 The top scrollb\n-0001adf0: 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 ar padding in. \n-0001ae00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \"scrollba\n+0001adb0: 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 2265 6173 r_slice\" is \"eas\n+0001adc0: 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 t\".. scrollb\n+0001add0: 6172 5f74 6f70 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 ar_top_pad \n+0001ade0: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 6f70 2073 The top s\n+0001adf0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 crollbar padding\n+0001ae00: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n 0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae20: 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 pixels.. sc\n-0001ae30: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 626f 7474 6f6d 5f70 rollbar_bottom_p\n-0001ae40: 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 ad The \n-0001ae50: 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 bottom scrollbar\n-0001ae60: 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 padding in. \n-0001ae70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n-0001ae90: 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 ixels.. visi\n-0001aea0: 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ble \n-0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f Set to\n-0001aec0: 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2074 6f20 6869 6465 \"false\" to hide\n-0001aed0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 the boot. \n+0001ae20: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 pixels.. \n+0001ae30: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 626f scrollbar_bo\n+0001ae40: 7474 6f6d 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 ttom_pad \n+0001ae50: 2020 5468 6520 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 The bottom scr\n+0001ae60: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 ollbar padding i\n+0001ae70: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n+0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ae90: 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 pixels.. \n+0001aea0: 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 visible \n+0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aec0: 5365 7420 746f 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2074 Set to \"false\" t\n+0001aed0: 6f20 6869 6465 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 740a o hide the boot.\n 0001aee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e men\n-0001af00: 752e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 616e 7661 u... ... canva\n-0001af10: 7320 4361 6e76 6173 2069 7320 6120 636f s Canvas is a co\n-0001af20: 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 7468 6174 2061 6c6c ntainer that all\n-0001af30: 6f77 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2070 6c61 6365 ows manual place\n-0001af40: 6d65 6e74 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d ment of. com\n-0001af50: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7769 7468 696e 2069 ponents within i\n-0001af60: 742e 2020 4974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 t. It does not \n-0001af70: 616c 7465 7220 7468 6520 706f 7369 7469 alter the positi\n-0001af80: 6f6e 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 ons of its child\n-0001af90: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 . components\n-0001afa0: 2e20 2049 7420 6173 7369 676e 7320 616c . It assigns al\n-0001afb0: 6c20 6368 696c 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e l child componen\n-0001afc0: 7473 2074 6865 6972 2070 7265 6665 7272 ts their preferr\n-0001afd0: 6564 2073 697a 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 ed sizes... ..\n-0001afe0: a220 6862 6f78 2054 6865 202a 6862 6f78 . hbox The *hbox\n-0001aff0: 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 6c61 7973 * container lays\n-0001b000: 206f 7574 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 7265 out its childre\n-0001b010: 6e20 6672 6f6d 206c 6566 7420 746f 2072 n from left to r\n-0001b020: 6967 6874 2c0a 2020 2020 2067 6976 696e ight,. givin\n-0001b030: 6720 6561 6368 206f 6e65 2069 7473 2070 g each one its p\n-0001b040: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 2e20 referred width. \n-0001b050: 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 2065 The height of e\n-0001b060: 6163 6820 6368 696c 6420 6973 0a20 2020 ach child is. \n-0001b070: 2020 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 206d 6178 set to the max\n-0001b080: 696d 756d 206f 6620 7468 6520 7072 6566 imum of the pref\n-0001b090: 6572 7265 6420 6865 6967 6874 7320 6f66 erred heights of\n-0001b0a0: 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a all children...\n-0001b0b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2076 626f 7820 5468 6520 ... vbox The \n-0001b0c0: 2a76 626f 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 *vbox* container\n-0001b0d0: 206c 6179 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 lays out its ch\n-0001b0e0: 696c 6472 656e 2066 726f 6d20 746f 7020 ildren from top \n-0001b0f0: 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d2c 0a20 2020 2020 to bottom,. \n-0001b100: 6769 7669 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 giving each one \n-0001b110: 6974 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 6865 its preferred he\n-0001b120: 6967 6874 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 ight. The width\n-0001b130: 206f 6620 6561 6368 2063 6869 6c64 2069 of each child i\n-0001b140: 730a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 s. set to th\n-0001b150: 6520 6d61 7869 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 e maximum of the\n-0001b160: 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 preferred width\n-0001b170: 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 s of all childre\n-0001b180: 6e2e 0a0a 372e 332e 3620 436f 6d6d 6f6e n...7.3.6 Common\n-0001b190: 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 730a 2d2d 2d2d properties.----\n-0001b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0001b1b0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 ---..The followi\n-0001b1c0: 6e67 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 6172 ng properties ar\n-0001b1d0: 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6279 2061 e supported by a\n-0001b1e0: 6c6c 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 733a 0ae2 ll components:..\n-0001b1f0: 8098 6c65 6674 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ..left.... T\n-0001b200: 6865 2064 6973 7461 6e63 6520 6672 6f6d he distance from\n-0001b210: 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 the left border\n-0001b220: 206f 6620 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 746f of container to\n-0001b230: 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 660a left border of.\n-0001b240: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206f 626a 6563 7420 the object \n-0001b250: 696e 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6872 in either of thr\n-0001b260: 6565 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 ee formats:. \n-0001b270: 2078 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x \n-0001b280: 5661 6c75 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c 730a Value in pixels.\n-0001b290: 2020 2020 2070 2520 2020 2020 2020 2020 p% \n-0001b2a0: 2020 2020 5065 7263 656e 7461 6765 0a20 Percentage. \n-0001b2b0: 2020 2020 7025 2b78 2020 2020 2020 2020 p%+x \n-0001b2c0: 2020 206d 6978 7475 7265 206f 6620 626f mixture of bo\n-0001b2d0: 7468 0ae2 8098 746f 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 th....top.... \n-0001b2e0: 2020 5468 6520 6469 7374 616e 6365 2066 The distance f\n-0001b2f0: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 rom the left bor\n-0001b300: 6465 7220 6f66 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 der of container\n-0001b310: 2074 6f20 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 to left border \n-0001b320: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6f62 6a65 of. the obje\n-0001b330: 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 ct in same forma\n-0001b340: 742e 0ae2 8098 7769 6474 68e2 8099 0a20 t.....width.... \n-0001b350: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 The width of\n-0001b360: 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 616d 6520 object in same \n-0001b370: 666f 726d 6174 2e0a e280 9868 6569 6768 format.....heigh\n-0001b380: 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 t.... The he\n-0001b390: 6967 6874 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 ight of object i\n-0001b3a0: 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 n same format...\n-0001b3b0: 8098 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ..id.... The\n-0001b3c0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 666f 7220 identifier for \n-0001b3d0: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 the component. \n-0001b3e0: 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 This can be any \n-0001b3f0: 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a 2020 2020 2073 arbitrary. s\n-0001b400: 7472 696e 672e 2020 5468 6520 4944 2063 tring. The ID c\n-0001b410: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 7363 an be used by sc\n-0001b420: 7269 7074 7320 746f 2072 6566 6572 2074 ripts to refer t\n-0001b430: 6f20 7661 7269 6f75 730a 2020 2020 2063 o various. c\n-0001b440: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 omponents in the\n-0001b450: 2047 5549 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 GUI component t\n-0001b460: 7265 652e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c ree. 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Affected comp\n-0001b570: 6f6e 656e 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 onents:. \n-0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 226c 6162 \"lab\n-0001b590: 656c 222c 2022 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 el\", \"circular_p\n-0001b5a0: 726f 6772 6573 7322 2c20 2270 726f 6772 rogress\", \"progr\n-0001b5b0: 6573 735f 6261 7222 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ess_bar\".....Fil\n-0001b5c0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0001b5d0: 6f64 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 204e ode: Network, N\n-0001b5e0: 6578 743a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d ext: Serial term\n-0001b5f0: 696e 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2054 6865 inal, Prev: The\n-0001b600: 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 me file format, \n-0001b610: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3820 426f 6f74 Up: Top..8 Boot\n-0001b620: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ing GRUB from th\n-0001b630: 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a e network.******\n+0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001af00: 2020 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 menu... ...\n+0001af10: 2063 616e 7661 7320 4361 6e76 6173 2069 canvas Canvas i\n+0001af20: 7320 6120 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 7468 s a container th\n+0001af30: 6174 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d61 6e75 616c at allows manual\n+0001af40: 2070 6c61 6365 6d65 6e74 206f 660a 2020 placement of. \n+0001af50: 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7769 components wi\n+0001af60: 7468 696e 2069 742e 2020 4974 2064 6f65 thin it. It doe\n+0001af70: 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 7220 7468 6520 s not alter the \n+0001af80: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2069 7473 positions of its\n+0001af90: 2063 6869 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 child. comp\n+0001afa0: 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6173 7369 onents. It assi\n+0001afb0: 676e 7320 616c 6c20 6368 696c 6420 636f gns all child co\n+0001afc0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6865 6972 2070 mponents their p\n+0001afd0: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2073 697a 6573 2e0a referred sizes..\n+0001afe0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6862 6f78 2054 6865 . ... hbox The\n+0001aff0: 202a 6862 6f78 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 *hbox* containe\n+0001b000: 7220 6c61 7973 206f 7574 2069 7473 2063 r lays out its c\n+0001b010: 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 6f6d 206c 6566 hildren from lef\n+0001b020: 7420 746f 2072 6967 6874 2c0a 2020 2020 t to right,. \n+0001b030: 2067 6976 696e 6720 6561 6368 206f 6e65 giving each one\n+0001b040: 2069 7473 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2077 its preferred w\n+0001b050: 6964 7468 2e20 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 idth. 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The\n+0001b130: 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 6561 6368 2063 width of each c\n+0001b140: 6869 6c64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 6574 hild is. set\n+0001b150: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 7869 6d75 6d20 to the maximum \n+0001b160: 6f66 2074 6865 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 of the preferred\n+0001b170: 2077 6964 7468 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 2063 widths of all c\n+0001b180: 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a 372e 332e 3620 hildren...7.3.6 \n+0001b190: 436f 6d6d 6f6e 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 Common propertie\n+0001b1a0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+0001b1b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 ---------..The f\n+0001b1c0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2070 726f 7065 7274 ollowing propert\n+0001b1d0: 6965 7320 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7465 ies are supporte\n+0001b1e0: 6420 6279 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 d by all compone\n+0001b1f0: 6e74 733a 0ae2 8098 6c65 6674 e280 990a nts:....left....\n+0001b200: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6973 7461 6e63 The distanc\n+0001b210: 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 e from the left \n+0001b220: 626f 7264 6572 206f 6620 636f 6e74 6169 border of contai\n+0001b230: 6e65 7220 746f 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 ner to left bord\n+0001b240: 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206f er of. the o\n+0001b250: 626a 6563 7420 696e 2065 6974 6865 7220 bject in either \n+0001b260: 6f66 2074 6872 6565 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 of three formats\n+0001b270: 3a0a 2020 2020 2078 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. x \n+0001b280: 2020 2020 2020 5661 6c75 6520 696e 2070 Value in p\n+0001b290: 6978 656c 730a 2020 2020 2070 2520 2020 ixels. p% \n+0001b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7263 656e Percen\n+0001b2b0: 7461 6765 0a20 2020 2020 7025 2b78 2020 tage. p%+x \n+0001b2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6978 7475 7265 mixture\n+0001b2d0: 206f 6620 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 746f 70e2 of both....top.\n+0001b2e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6469 7374 ... The dist\n+0001b2f0: 616e 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6c65 ance from the le\n+0001b300: 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2063 6f6e ft border of con\n+0001b310: 7461 696e 6572 2074 6f20 6c65 6674 2062 tainer to left b\n+0001b320: 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 order of. th\n+0001b330: 6520 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 e object in same\n+0001b340: 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 7769 6474 format.....widt\n+0001b350: 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7769 h.... The wi\n+0001b360: 6474 6820 6f66 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e dth of object in\n+0001b370: 2073 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a e280 same format....\n+0001b380: 9868 6569 6768 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .height.... \n+0001b390: 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6f62 The height of ob\n+0001b3a0: 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 ject in same for\n+0001b3b0: 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 6964 e280 990a 2020 mat.....id.... \n+0001b3c0: 2020 2054 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 The identifie\n+0001b3d0: 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e r for the compon\n+0001b3e0: 656e 742e 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 ent. This can b\n+0001b3f0: 6520 616e 7920 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a e any arbitrary.\n+0001b400: 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e 672e 2020 5468 string. Th\n+0001b410: 6520 4944 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 e ID can be used\n+0001b420: 2062 7920 7363 7269 7074 7320 746f 2072 by scripts to r\n+0001b430: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6f75 730a efer to various.\n+0001b440: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 components \n+0001b450: 696e 2074 6865 2047 5549 2063 6f6d 706f in the GUI compo\n+0001b460: 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 652e 2020 4375 7272 nent tree. Curr\n+0001b470: 656e 746c 792c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 ently, there is \n+0001b480: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 616c one. special\n+0001b490: 2049 4420 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2047 ID value that G\n+0001b4a0: 5255 4220 7265 636f 676e 697a 6573 3a0a RUB recognizes:.\n+0001b4b0: 0a20 2020 2020 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 . \"__timeout\n+0001b4c0: 5f5f 2220 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 __\" Component w\n+0001b4d0: 6974 6820 7468 6973 2049 4420 7769 6c6c ith this ID will\n+0001b4e0: 2062 6520 7570 6461 7465 6420 6279 2047 be updated by G\n+0001b4f0: 5255 420a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 RUB. \n+0001b500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 7769 6c6c and will\n+0001b510: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 7469 6d65 2065 indicate time e\n+0001b520: 6c61 7073 6564 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 lapsed to an aut\n+0001b530: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 omatical. \n+0001b540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f boo\n+0001b550: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 t of the default\n+0001b560: 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2041 6666 6563 7465 entry. Affecte\n+0001b570: 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 3a0a 2020 d components:. \n+0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001b590: 2020 226c 6162 656c 222c 2022 6369 7263 \"label\", \"circ\n+0001b5a0: 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7322 2c20 ular_progress\", \n+0001b5b0: 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 7222 2e0a \"progress_bar\"..\n+0001b5c0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0001b5d0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 776f fo, Node: Netwo\n+0001b5e0: 726b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6572 6961 rk, Next: Seria\n+0001b5f0: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 2050 7265 l terminal, Pre\n+0001b600: 763a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f v: Theme file fo\n+0001b610: 726d 6174 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a rmat, Up: Top..\n+0001b620: 3820 426f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 2066 8 Booting GRUB f\n+0001b630: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a rom the network.\n 0001b640: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2066 *********..The f\n-0001b660: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 6e73 7472 7563 ollowing instruc\n-0001b670: 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 6e27 7420 776f 726b tions don't work\n-0001b680: 2066 6f72 202a 2d65 6d75 2c20 6933 3836 for *-emu, i386\n-0001b690: 2d71 656d 752c 0a69 3338 362d 636f 7265 -qemu,.i386-core\n-0001b6a0: 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 boot, i386-multi\n-0001b6b0: 626f 6f74 2c20 6d69 7073 5f6c 6f6f 6e67 boot, mips_loong\n-0001b6c0: 736f 6e2c 206d 6970 732d 6172 6320 616e son, mips-arc an\n-0001b6d0: 640a 6d69 7073 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 d.mips_qemu_mips\n-0001b6e0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 .. To generate\n-0001b6f0: 2061 206e 6574 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2064 a netbootable d\n-0001b700: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 7275 6e3a 0a0a irectory, run:..\n-0001b710: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 grub-mknetd\n-0001b720: 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 6563 746f ir --net-directo\n-0001b730: 7279 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 7470 202d 2d73 ry=/srv/tftp --s\n-0001b740: 7562 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ubdir=/boot/grub\n-0001b750: 202d 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 -d /usr/lib/gru\n-0001b760: 622f 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e 0a0a 2020 b/.. \n-0001b770: 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2069 3338 362d E.g. for i386-\n-0001b780: 7063 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d pc:.. grub-m\n-0001b790: 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 knetdir --net-di\n-0001b7a0: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 rectory=/srv/tft\n-0001b7b0: 7020 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 p --subdir=/boot\n-0001b7c0: 2f67 7275 6220 2d64 202f 7573 722f 6c69 /grub -d /usr/li\n-0001b7d0: 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 0a0a b/grub/i386-pc..\n-0001b7e0: 2020 2054 6865 6e20 666f 6c6c 6f77 2069 Then follow i\n-0001b7f0: 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 7072 696e nstructions prin\n-0001b800: 7465 6420 6f75 7420 6279 2067 7275 622d ted out by grub-\n-0001b810: 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 206f 6e20 636f 6e66 mknetdir on conf\n-0001b820: 6967 7572 696e 670a 796f 7572 2044 4843 iguring.your DHC\n-0001b830: 5020 7365 7276 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 P server... Th\n-0001b840: 6520 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2066 696c 6520 e grub.cfg file \n-0001b850: 6973 2070 6c61 6365 6420 696e 2074 6865 is placed in the\n-0001b860: 2073 616d 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 same directory \n-0001b870: 6173 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f75 7470 as the path outp\n-0001b880: 7574 0a62 7920 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 ut.by grub-mknet\n-0001b890: 6469 7220 6865 7265 6166 7465 7220 7265 dir hereafter re\n-0001b8a0: 6665 7272 6564 2074 6f20 6173 2046 5750 ferred to as FWP\n-0001b8b0: 4154 482e 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 ATH. GRUB will s\n-0001b8c0: 6561 7263 6820 666f 720a 6974 7320 636f earch for.its co\n-0001b8d0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-0001b8e0: 7320 696e 206f 7264 6572 2075 7369 6e67 s in order using\n-0001b8f0: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2072 the following r\n-0001b900: 756c 6573 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 0a61 ules where the.a\n-0001b910: 7070 656e 6465 6420 7661 6c75 6520 636f ppended value co\n-0001b920: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2061 2076 rresponds to a v\n-0001b930: 616c 7565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636c 6965 alue on the clie\n-0001b940: 6e74 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 nt machine... \n-0001b950: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n-0001b960: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d e280 9828 5555 /grub.cfg-...(UU\n-0001b970: 4944 204f 4620 4d41 4348 494e 4529 e280 ID OF MACHINE)..\n-0001b980: 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 .. ...(FWPAT\n-0001b990: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 H).../grub.cfg-.\n-0001b9a0: 8098 284d 4143 2041 4444 5245 5353 204f ..(MAC ADDRESS O\n-0001b9b0: 4620 4e49 4329 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 F NIC).... .\n-0001b9c0: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n-0001b9d0: 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 2849 5076 3420 ub.cfg-...(IPv4 \n-0001b9e0: 4f52 2049 5076 3620 4144 4452 4553 5329 OR IPv6 ADDRESS)\n-0001b9f0: e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 .... ...(FWP\n-0001ba00: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n-0001ba10: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2055 5549 4420 6973 .. The UUID is\n-0001ba20: 2074 6865 2043 6c69 656e 7420 4d61 6368 the Client Mach\n-0001ba30: 696e 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 204f ine Identifier O\n-0001ba40: 7074 696f 6e20 4465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e ption Definition\n-0001ba50: 2061 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e as.specified in\n-0001ba60: 2052 4643 2034 3537 382e 2020 5468 6520 RFC 4578. The \n-0001ba70: 636c 6965 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 client will only\n-0001ba80: 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f75 attempt to loou\n-0001ba90: 6b20 7570 2061 2055 5549 440a 636f 6e66 k up a UUID.conf\n-0001baa0: 6967 2066 696c 6520 6966 2069 7420 7761 ig file if it wa\n-0001bab0: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 s provided by th\n-0001bac0: 6520 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 722e 0a0a e DHCP server...\n-0001bad0: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 The client wi\n-0001bae0: 6c6c 206f 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 ll only attempt \n-0001baf0: 746f 206c 6f6f 6b20 7570 2061 6e20 4950 to look up an IP\n-0001bb00: 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 6f6e 6669 v6 address confi\n-0001bb10: 6720 6f6e 6365 2c0a 686f 7765 7665 722c g once,.however,\n-0001bb20: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6865 it will try the\n-0001bb30: 2049 5076 3420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 IPv4 multiple t\n-0001bb40: 696d 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f6e 6372 imes. The concr\n-0001bb50: 6574 6520 6578 616d 706c 650a 6265 6c6f ete example.belo\n-0001bb60: 7720 7368 6f77 7320 7768 6174 2077 6f75 w shows what wou\n-0001bb70: 6c64 2068 6170 7065 6e20 756e 6465 7220 ld happen under \n-0001bb80: 7468 6520 4950 7634 2063 6173 652e 0a0a the IPv4 case...\n-0001bb90: 2020 2020 2055 5549 443a 2037 3732 3661 UUID: 7726a\n-0001bba0: 3637 382d 3766 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6134 678-7fc0-4853-a4\n-0001bbb0: 6636 2d63 3835 6163 3336 6131 3230 610a f6-c85ac36a120a.\n-0001bbc0: 2020 2020 204d 4143 3a20 2035 323a 3534 MAC: 52:54\n-0001bbd0: 3a30 303a 6563 3a33 333a 3831 0a20 2020 :00:ec:33:81. \n-0001bbe0: 2020 4950 5634 3a20 3130 2e30 2e30 2e31 IPV4: 10.0.0.1\n-0001bbf0: 3330 2028 3041 3030 3030 3832 290a 0a20 30 (0A000082).. \n-0001bc00: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n-0001bc10: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3737 3236 ../grub.cfg-7726\n-0001bc20: 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 2d61 a678-7fc0-4853-a\n-0001bc30: 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 3061 4f6-c85ac36a120a\n-0001bc40: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n-0001bc50: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3532 ).../grub.cfg-52\n-0001bc60: 2d35 342d 3030 2d65 632d 3333 2d38 310a -54-00-ec-33-81.\n-0001bc70: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n-0001bc80: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 .../grub.cfg-0A0\n-0001bc90: 3030 3038 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 00082. ...(F\n-0001bca0: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n-0001bcb0: 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 0a20 2020 2020 fg-0A00008. \n-0001bcc0: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n-0001bcd0: 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 0a20 rub.cfg-0A0000. \n-0001bce0: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n-0001bcf0: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 ../grub.cfg-0A00\n-0001bd00: 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 0. ...(FWPAT\n-0001bd10: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 H).../grub.cfg-0\n-0001bd20: 4130 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 A00. ...(FWP\n-0001bd30: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n-0001bd40: 2d30 4130 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 -0A0. ...(FW\n-0001bd50: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n-0001bd60: 672d 3041 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 g-0A. ...(FW\n-0001bd70: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n-0001bd80: 672d 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 g-0. ...(FWP\n-0001bd90: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n-0001bda0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6665 6174 7572 .. This featur\n-0001bdb0: 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 e is enabled by \n-0001bdc0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6275 7420 6974 2063 default but it c\n-0001bdd0: 616e 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 an be disabled b\n-0001bde0: 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 e280 y setting.the ..\n-0001bdf0: 9866 6561 7475 7265 5f6e 6574 5f73 6561 .feature_net_sea\n-0001be00: 7263 685f 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 rch_cfg... to ..\n-0001be10: 986e e280 992e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 7468 .n.... Since th\n-0001be20: 6973 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2062 6566 6f72 is happens befor\n-0001be30: 6520 7468 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 e the.configurat\n-0001be40: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7265 6164 ion file is read\n-0001be50: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6973 206f by GRUB, this o\n-0001be60: 7074 696f 6e20 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 ption has to be \n-0001be70: 6469 7361 626c 6564 2069 6e20 616e 0a65 disabled in an.e\n-0001be80: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n-0001be90: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 ation file (*not\n-0001bea0: 6520 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 e Embedded confi\n-0001beb0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 guration::)... \n-0001bec0: 2041 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 After GRUB has \n-0001bed0: 7374 6172 7465 642c 2066 696c 6573 206f started, files o\n-0001bee0: 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 2073 6572 7665 n the TFTP serve\n-0001bef0: 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 r will be access\n-0001bf00: 6962 6c65 0a76 6961 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ible.via the ...\n-0001bf10: 2874 6674 7029 e280 9920 6465 7669 6365 (tftp)... device\n-0001bf20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7365 7276 6572 ... The server\n-0001bf30: 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6361 6e20 IP address can \n-0001bf40: 6265 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 be controlled by\n-0001bf50: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 changing the ..\n-0001bf60: 9828 7466 7470 29e2 8099 0a64 6576 6963 .(tftp)....devic\n-0001bf70: 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 e280 9828 7466 e name to ...(tf\n-0001bf80: 7470 2c53 4552 5645 522d 4950 29e2 8099 tp,SERVER-IP)...\n-0001bf90: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 . Note that thi\n-0001bfa0: 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6368 616e s should be chan\n-0001bfb0: 6765 640a 626f 7468 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ged.both in the \n-0001bfc0: 7072 6566 6978 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 616e prefix and in an\n-0001bfd0: 7920 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2074 6f20 y references to \n-0001bfe0: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 the device name \n-0001bff0: 696e 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 in the.configura\n-0001c000: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 tion file... G\n-0001c010: 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2073 6576 RUB provides sev\n-0001c020: 6572 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 eral environment\n-0001c030: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6869 6368 variables which\n-0001c040: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a may be used to.\n-0001c050: 696e 7370 6563 7420 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 inspect or chang\n-0001c060: 6520 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 e the behaviour \n-0001c070: 6f66 2074 6865 2050 5845 2064 6576 6963 of the PXE devic\n-0001c080: 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f e. In the follo\n-0001c090: 7769 6e67 0a64 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e wing.description\n-0001c0a0: 203c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 2069 7320 is \n-0001c0b0: 706c 6163 6568 6f6c 6465 7220 666f 7220 placeholder for \n-0001c0c0: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 the name of netw\n-0001c0d0: 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2870 ork interface.(p\n-0001c0e0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6465 7065 6e64 656e latform dependen\n-0001c0f0: 7429 3a0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 t):.....net__ip.... \n-0001c110: 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 The network i\n-0001c120: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 2049 5020 6164 nterface's IP ad\n-0001c130: 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c dress. Read-onl\n-0001c140: 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 y......net__mac.... \n-0001c160: 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 The network i\n-0001c170: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 nterface's MAC a\n-0001c180: 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e ddress. Read-on\n-0001c190: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__clientid\n-0001c1b0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 .... The cli\n-0001c1c0: 656e 7420 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 ent id provided \n-0001c1d0: 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e by DHCP. Read-on\n-0001c1e0: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__clientuu\n-0001c200: 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 id.... The c\n-0001c210: 6c69 656e 7420 7575 6964 2070 726f 7669 lient uuid provi\n-0001c220: 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 ded by DHCP. Rea\n-0001c230: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n-0001c240: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f 7374 _host\n-0001c250: 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 name.... The\n-0001c260: 2063 6c69 656e 7420 686f 7374 206e 616d client host nam\n-0001c270: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 e provided by DH\n-0001c280: 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a CP. Read-only...\n-0001c290: e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 ...net__domain.... \n-0001c2b0: 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2064 6f6d The client dom\n-0001c2c0: 6169 6e20 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 ain name provide\n-0001c2d0: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d d by DHCP. Read-\n-0001c2e0: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__rootpa\n-0001c300: 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 th.... The p\n-0001c310: 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6c69 656e ath to the clien\n-0001c320: 7427 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6973 6b20 7072 t's root disk pr\n-0001c330: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 ovided by DHCP. \n-0001c340: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e Read-only......n\n-0001c350: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 et__e\n-0001c360: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 8099 xtensionspath...\n-0001c370: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 . The path t\n-0001c380: 6f20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2044 4843 o additional DHC\n-0001c390: 5020 7665 6e64 6f72 2065 7874 656e 7369 P vendor extensi\n-0001c3a0: 6f6e 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 ons provided by \n-0001c3b0: 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d DHCP.. Read-\n-0001c3c0: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__boot_f\n-0001c3e0: 696c 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ile.... The \n-0001c3f0: 626f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2070 boot file name p\n-0001c400: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e rovided by DHCP.\n-0001c410: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n-0001c420: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-0001c430: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n-0001c440: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 616d .... The nam\n-0001c450: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 e of the DHCP se\n-0001c460: 7276 6572 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 rver responsible\n-0001c470: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2062 6f6f 7420 for these boot \n-0001c480: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 2020 parameters.. \n-0001c490: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n-0001c4a0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-0001c4b0: 6e65 7874 5f73 6572 7665 72e2 8099 0a20 next_server.... \n-0001c4c0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 The IP addre\n-0001c4d0: 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2028 ss of the next (\n-0001c4e0: 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2054 4654 5029 2073 usually, TFTP) s\n-0001c4f0: 6572 7665 7220 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 erver provided b\n-0001c500: 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 y DHCP.. Rea\n-0001c510: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n-0001c520: 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 default_interfac\n-0001c530: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 6974 6961 e.... Initia\n-0001c540: 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 746f 206e 616d 6520 lly set to name \n-0001c550: 6f66 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 of network inter\n-0001c560: 6661 6365 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 7573 face that was us\n-0001c570: 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 ed to load. \n-0001c580: 6772 7562 2e20 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 grub. Read-writ\n-0001c590: 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 e, although sett\n-0001c5a0: 696e 6720 6974 2061 6666 6563 7473 206f ing it affects o\n-0001c5b0: 6e6c 7920 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 nly interpretati\n-0001c5c0: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6e65 on. of ...ne\n-0001c5d0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 9920 t_default_ip... \n-0001c5e0: 616e 6420 e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 and ...net_defau\n-0001c5f0: 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 0ae2 8098 6e65 lt_mac........ne\n-0001c600: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 990a t_default_ip....\n-0001c610: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2049 5020 6164 6472 The IP addr\n-0001c620: 6573 7320 6f66 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 ess of default i\n-0001c630: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 2052 6561 642d nterface. Read-\n-0001c640: 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 only. This is a\n-0001c650: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 lias for. th\n-0001c660: 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 e ...net_${net_d\n-0001c670: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 efault_interface\n-0001c680: 7d5f 6970 e280 992e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 }_ip.........net\n-0001c690: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a _default_mac....\n-0001c6a0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 The default\n-0001c6b0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 interface's MAC\n-0001c6c0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d address. Read-\n-0001c6d0: 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 only. This is a\n-0001c6e0: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 lias for. th\n-0001c6f0: 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 e ...net_${net_d\n-0001c700: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 efault_interface\n-0001c710: 7d5f 6d61 63e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 }_mac.........ne\n-0001c720: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 t_default_server\n-0001c730: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 .... The def\n-0001c740: 6175 6c74 2073 6572 7665 7220 7573 6564 ault server used\n-0001c750: 2062 7920 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 by network driv\n-0001c760: 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 es (*note Device\n-0001c770: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 syntax::).. \n-0001c780: 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 Read-write, alt\n-0001c790: 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 hough setting th\n-0001c7a0: 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 is is only usefu\n-0001c7b0: 6c20 6265 666f 7265 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 l before opening\n-0001c7c0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 a. network \n-0001c7d0: 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a device.....File:\n-0001c7e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0001c7f0: 653a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e e: Serial termin\n-0001c800: 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2056 656e 646f al, Next: Vendo\n-0001c810: 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c r power-on keys,\n-0001c820: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c Prev: Network,\n-0001c830: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 2055 7369 Up: Top..9 Usi\n-0001c840: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7669 6120 6120 7365 ng GRUB via a se\n-0001c850: 7269 616c 206c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a rial line.******\n+0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+0001b660: 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 .The following i\n+0001b670: 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 6e27 nstructions don'\n+0001b680: 7420 776f 726b 2066 6f72 202a 2d65 6d75 t work for *-emu\n+0001b690: 2c20 6933 3836 2d71 656d 752c 0a69 3338 , i386-qemu,.i38\n+0001b6a0: 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 6-coreboot, i386\n+0001b6b0: 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 6d69 7073 -multiboot, mips\n+0001b6c0: 5f6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e2c 206d 6970 732d _loongson, mips-\n+0001b6d0: 6172 6320 616e 640a 6d69 7073 5f71 656d arc and.mips_qem\n+0001b6e0: 755f 6d69 7073 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6765 u_mips.. To ge\n+0001b6f0: 6e65 7261 7465 2061 206e 6574 626f 6f74 nerate a netboot\n+0001b700: 6162 6c65 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 able directory, \n+0001b710: 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d run:.. grub-\n+0001b720: 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 mknetdir --net-d\n+0001b730: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 irectory=/srv/tf\n+0001b740: 7470 202d 2d73 7562 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f tp --subdir=/boo\n+0001b750: 742f 6772 7562 202d 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c t/grub -d /usr/l\n+0001b760: 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 ib/grub/.. E.g. for\n+0001b780: 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 i386-pc:.. \n+0001b790: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 2d2d grub-mknetdir --\n+0001b7a0: 6e65 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 net-directory=/s\n+0001b7b0: 7276 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 rv/tftp --subdir\n+0001b7c0: 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6220 2d64 202f =/boot/grub -d /\n+0001b7d0: 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 usr/lib/grub/i38\n+0001b7e0: 362d 7063 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 666f 6-pc.. Then fo\n+0001b7f0: 6c6c 6f77 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e llow instruction\n+0001b800: 7320 7072 696e 7465 6420 6f75 7420 6279 s printed out by\n+0001b810: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 206f grub-mknetdir o\n+0001b820: 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 696e 670a 796f n configuring.yo\n+0001b830: 7572 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2e0a ur DHCP server..\n+0001b840: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6772 7562 2e63 6667 . The grub.cfg\n+0001b850: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 6c61 6365 6420 file is placed \n+0001b860: 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 7265 in the same dire\n+0001b870: 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2074 6865 2070 6174 ctory as the pat\n+0001b880: 6820 6f75 7470 7574 0a62 7920 6772 7562 h output.by grub\n+0001b890: 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 6865 7265 6166 -mknetdir hereaf\n+0001b8a0: 7465 7220 7265 6665 7272 6564 2074 6f20 ter referred to \n+0001b8b0: 6173 2046 5750 4154 482e 2047 5255 4220 as FWPATH. GRUB \n+0001b8c0: 7769 6c6c 2073 6561 7263 6820 666f 720a will search for.\n+0001b8d0: 6974 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f its configuratio\n+0001b8e0: 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 696e 206f 7264 6572 n files in order\n+0001b8f0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f using the follo\n+0001b900: 7769 6e67 2072 756c 6573 2077 6865 7265 wing rules where\n+0001b910: 2074 6865 0a61 7070 656e 6465 6420 7661 the.appended va\n+0001b920: 6c75 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 lue corresponds \n+0001b930: 746f 2061 2076 616c 7565 206f 6e20 7468 to a value on th\n+0001b940: 6520 636c 6965 6e74 206d 6163 6869 6e65 e client machine\n+0001b950: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 ... ...(FWPA\n+0001b960: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n+0001b970: e280 9828 5555 4944 204f 4620 4d41 4348 ...(UUID OF MACH\n+0001b980: 494e 4529 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 INE).... ...\n+0001b990: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n+0001b9a0: 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 284d 4143 2041 4444 .cfg-...(MAC ADD\n+0001b9b0: 5245 5353 204f 4620 4e49 4329 e280 990a RESS OF NIC)....\n+0001b9c0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n+0001b9d0: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 .../grub.cfg-...\n+0001b9e0: 2849 5076 3420 4f52 2049 5076 3620 4144 (IPv4 OR IPv6 AD\n+0001b9f0: 4452 4553 5329 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 DRESS).... .\n+0001ba00: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n+0001ba10: 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2055 ub.cfg.. The U\n+0001ba20: 5549 4420 6973 2074 6865 2043 6c69 656e UID is the Clien\n+0001ba30: 7420 4d61 6368 696e 6520 4964 656e 7469 t Machine Identi\n+0001ba40: 6669 6572 204f 7074 696f 6e20 4465 6669 fier Option Defi\n+0001ba50: 6e69 7469 6f6e 2061 730a 7370 6563 6966 nition as.specif\n+0001ba60: 6965 6420 696e 2052 4643 2034 3537 382e ied in RFC 4578.\n+0001ba70: 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2077 696c The client wil\n+0001ba80: 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 l only attempt t\n+0001ba90: 6f20 6c6f 6f75 6b20 7570 2061 2055 5549 o loouk up a UUI\n+0001baa0: 440a 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 6966 D.config file if\n+0001bab0: 2069 7420 7761 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 it was provided\n+0001bac0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 4448 4350 2073 6572 by the DHCP ser\n+0001bad0: 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 ver... The cli\n+0001bae0: 656e 7420 7769 6c6c 206f 6e6c 7920 6174 ent will only at\n+0001baf0: 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f6f 6b20 7570 tempt to look up\n+0001bb00: 2061 6e20 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 an IPv6 address\n+0001bb10: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6f6e 6365 2c0a 686f config once,.ho\n+0001bb20: 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 wever, it will t\n+0001bb30: 7279 2074 6865 2049 5076 3420 6d75 6c74 ry the IPv4 mult\n+0001bb40: 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 2e20 2054 6865 iple times. The\n+0001bb50: 2063 6f6e 6372 6574 6520 6578 616d 706c concrete exampl\n+0001bb60: 650a 6265 6c6f 7720 7368 6f77 7320 7768 e.below shows wh\n+0001bb70: 6174 2077 6f75 6c64 2068 6170 7065 6e20 at would happen \n+0001bb80: 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 4950 7634 2063 under the IPv4 c\n+0001bb90: 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 5549 443a ase... UUID:\n+0001bba0: 2037 3732 3661 3637 382d 3766 6330 2d34 7726a678-7fc0-4\n+0001bbb0: 3835 332d 6134 6636 2d63 3835 6163 3336 853-a4f6-c85ac36\n+0001bbc0: 6131 3230 610a 2020 2020 204d 4143 3a20 a120a. MAC: \n+0001bbd0: 2035 323a 3534 3a30 303a 6563 3a33 333a 52:54:00:ec:33:\n+0001bbe0: 3831 0a20 2020 2020 4950 5634 3a20 3130 81. IPV4: 10\n+0001bbf0: 2e30 2e30 2e31 3330 2028 3041 3030 3030 .0.0.130 (0A0000\n+0001bc00: 3832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 82).. ...(FW\n+0001bc10: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n+0001bc20: 672d 3737 3236 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d g-7726a678-7fc0-\n+0001bc30: 3438 3533 2d61 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 4853-a4f6-c85ac3\n+0001bc40: 3661 3132 3061 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 6a120a. ...(\n+0001bc50: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n+0001bc60: 6366 672d 3532 2d35 342d 3030 2d65 632d cfg-52-54-00-ec-\n+0001bc70: 3333 2d38 310a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 33-81. ...(F\n+0001bc80: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n+0001bc90: 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 320a 2020 2020 fg-0A000082. \n+0001bca0: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n+0001bcb0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 grub.cfg-0A00008\n+0001bcc0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n+0001bcd0: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 ).../grub.cfg-0A\n+0001bce0: 3030 3030 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 0000. ...(FW\n+0001bcf0: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n+0001bd00: 672d 3041 3030 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 g-0A000. ...\n+0001bd10: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n+0001bd20: 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 300a 2020 2020 20e2 .cfg-0A00. .\n+0001bd30: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n+0001bd40: 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 0a20 2020 2020 ub.cfg-0A0. \n+0001bd50: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n+0001bd60: 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 0a20 2020 2020 rub.cfg-0A. \n+0001bd70: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n+0001bd80: 7275 622e 6366 672d 300a 2020 2020 20e2 rub.cfg-0. .\n+0001bd90: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n+0001bda0: 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 ub.cfg.. This \n+0001bdb0: 6665 6174 7572 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c feature is enabl\n+0001bdc0: 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6275 ed by default bu\n+0001bdd0: 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 6469 7361 t it can be disa\n+0001bde0: 626c 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a bled by setting.\n+0001bdf0: 7468 6520 e280 9866 6561 7475 7265 5f6e the ...feature_n\n+0001be00: 6574 5f73 6561 7263 685f 6366 67e2 8099 et_search_cfg...\n+0001be10: 2074 6f20 e280 986e e280 992e 2020 5369 to ...n.... Si\n+0001be20: 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2068 6170 7065 6e73 nce this happens\n+0001be30: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a 636f 6e66 before the.conf\n+0001be40: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n+0001be50: 7320 7265 6164 2062 7920 4752 5542 2c20 s read by GRUB, \n+0001be60: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6861 7320 this option has \n+0001be70: 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2069 to be disabled i\n+0001be80: 6e20 616e 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f n an.embedded co\n+0001be90: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+0001bea0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456d 6265 6464 6564 (*note Embedded\n+0001beb0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a configuration::\n+0001bec0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 2047 5255 )... After GRU\n+0001bed0: 4220 6861 7320 7374 6172 7465 642c 2066 B has started, f\n+0001bee0: 696c 6573 206f 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 iles on the TFTP\n+0001bef0: 2073 6572 7665 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 server will be \n+0001bf00: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 0a76 6961 2074 accessible.via t\n+0001bf10: 6865 20e2 8098 2874 6674 7029 e280 9920 he ...(tftp)... \n+0001bf20: 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 device... The \n+0001bf30: 7365 7276 6572 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 server IP addres\n+0001bf40: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c s can be control\n+0001bf50: 6c65 6420 6279 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 led by changing \n+0001bf60: 7468 6520 e280 9828 7466 7470 29e2 8099 the ...(tftp)...\n+0001bf70: 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 .device name to \n+0001bf80: e280 9828 7466 7470 2c53 4552 5645 522d ...(tftp,SERVER-\n+0001bf90: 4950 29e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 IP).... Note th\n+0001bfa0: 6174 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 at this should b\n+0001bfb0: 6520 6368 616e 6765 640a 626f 7468 2069 e changed.both i\n+0001bfc0: 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6566 6978 2061 6e64 n the prefix and\n+0001bfd0: 2069 6e20 616e 7920 7265 6665 7265 6e63 in any referenc\n+0001bfe0: 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 es to the device\n+0001bff0: 206e 616d 6520 696e 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e name in the.con\n+0001c000: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e figuration file.\n+0001c010: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 .. GRUB provid\n+0001c020: 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c 2065 6e76 6972 es several envir\n+0001c030: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+0001c040: 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 which may be us\n+0001c050: 6564 2074 6f0a 696e 7370 6563 7420 6f72 ed to.inspect or\n+0001c060: 2063 6861 6e67 6520 7468 6520 6265 6861 change the beha\n+0001c070: 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2050 5845 viour of the PXE\n+0001c080: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 device. In the\n+0001c090: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a64 6573 6372 following.descr\n+0001c0a0: 6970 7469 6f6e 203c 494e 5445 5246 4143 iption is placeholde\n+0001c0c0: 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f r for the name o\n+0001c0d0: 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 f network interf\n+0001c0e0: 6163 650a 2870 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6465 ace.(platform de\n+0001c0f0: 7065 6e64 656e 7429 3a0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 pendent):.....ne\n+0001c100: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 t__ip\n+0001c110: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 .... The net\n+0001c120: 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 work interface's\n+0001c130: 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 IP address. Re\n+0001c140: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 ad-only......net\n+0001c150: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 __mac\n+0001c160: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 .... The net\n+0001c170: 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 work interface's\n+0001c180: 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 MAC address. R\n+0001c190: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n+0001c1a0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c t__cl\n+0001c1b0: 6965 6e74 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ientid.... T\n+0001c1c0: 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 6964 2070 726f he client id pro\n+0001c1d0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 vided by DHCP. R\n+0001c1e0: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n+0001c1f0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c t__cl\n+0001c200: 6965 6e74 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 ientuuid.... \n+0001c210: 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7575 6964 The client uuid\n+0001c220: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 provided by DHC\n+0001c230: 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 P. Read-only....\n+0001c240: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__hostname.... \n+0001c260: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 686f The client ho\n+0001c270: 7374 206e 616d 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 st name provided\n+0001c280: 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f by DHCP. Read-o\n+0001c290: 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e nly......net__domain.\n+0001c2b0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 ... The clie\n+0001c2c0: 6e74 2064 6f6d 6169 6e20 6e61 6d65 2070 nt domain name p\n+0001c2d0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e rovided by DHCP.\n+0001c2e0: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n+0001c2f0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+0001c300: 726f 6f74 7061 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 rootpath.... \n+0001c310: 2054 6865 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 The path to the\n+0001c320: 2063 6c69 656e 7427 7320 726f 6f74 2064 client's root d\n+0001c330: 6973 6b20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 isk provided by \n+0001c340: 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e DHCP. Read-only.\n+0001c350: 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 .....net__extensionsp\n+0001c370: 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ath.... The \n+0001c380: 7061 7468 2074 6f20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e path to addition\n+0001c390: 616c 2044 4843 5020 7665 6e64 6f72 2065 al DHCP vendor e\n+0001c3a0: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 7072 6f76 6964 xtensions provid\n+0001c3b0: 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 ed by DHCP.. \n+0001c3c0: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n+0001c3d0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+0001c3e0: 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 boot_file.... \n+0001c3f0: 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 The boot file \n+0001c400: 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 name provided by\n+0001c410: 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 DHCP. Read-only\n+0001c420: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__dhcp_serve\n+0001c440: 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 r_name.... T\n+0001c450: 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2044 he name of the D\n+0001c460: 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2072 6573 706f HCP server respo\n+0001c470: 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 nsible for these\n+0001c480: 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 boot parameters\n+0001c490: 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 .. Read-only\n+0001c4a0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__next_serve\n+0001c4c0: 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 4950 r.... The IP\n+0001c4d0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 address of the \n+0001c4e0: 6e65 7874 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2054 next (usually, T\n+0001c4f0: 4654 5029 2073 6572 7665 7220 7072 6f76 FTP) server prov\n+0001c500: 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 ided by DHCP.. \n+0001c510: 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 Read-only....\n+0001c520: 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e ..net_default_in\n+0001c530: 7465 7266 6163 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 terface.... \n+0001c540: 496e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 746f Initially set to\n+0001c550: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 206e 6574 776f 726b name of network\n+0001c560: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2074 6861 7420 interface that \n+0001c570: 7761 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 was used to load\n+0001c580: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2e20 2052 6561 . grub. Rea\n+0001c590: 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 d-write, althoug\n+0001c5a0: 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 6974 2061 6666 h setting it aff\n+0001c5b0: 6563 7473 206f 6e6c 7920 696e 7465 7270 ects only interp\n+0001c5c0: 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 retation. of\n+0001c5d0: 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ...net_default_\n+0001c5e0: 6970 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986e 6574 ip... and ...net\n+0001c5f0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a _default_mac....\n+0001c600: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ....net_default_\n+0001c610: 6970 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2049 ip.... The I\n+0001c620: 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2064 6566 P address of def\n+0001c630: 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 ault interface. \n+0001c640: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 Read-only. Thi\n+0001c650: 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 s is alias for. \n+0001c660: 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 the ...net_$\n+0001c670: 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 {net_default_int\n+0001c680: 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6970 e280 992e 0a0a erface}_ip......\n+0001c690: e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d ...net_default_m\n+0001c6a0: 6163 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 ac.... The d\n+0001c6b0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 efault interface\n+0001c6c0: 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 's MAC address. \n+0001c6d0: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 Read-only. Thi\n+0001c6e0: 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 s is alias for. \n+0001c6f0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 the ...net_$\n+0001c700: 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 {net_default_int\n+0001c710: 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6d61 63e2 8099 2e0a erface}_mac.....\n+0001c720: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ....net_default_\n+0001c730: 7365 7276 6572 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 server.... T\n+0001c740: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6572 7665 he default serve\n+0001c750: 7220 7573 6564 2062 7920 6e65 7477 6f72 r used by networ\n+0001c760: 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 k drives (*note \n+0001c770: 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 Device syntax::)\n+0001c780: 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 .. Read-writ\n+0001c790: 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 e, although sett\n+0001c7a0: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 ing this is only\n+0001c7b0: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6265 666f 7265 206f useful before o\n+0001c7c0: 7065 6e69 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 pening a. ne\n+0001c7d0: 7477 6f72 6b20 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f twork device....\n+0001c7e0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0001c7f0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 , Node: Serial \n+0001c800: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a terminal, Next:\n+0001c810: 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e Vendor power-on\n+0001c820: 206b 6579 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 keys, Prev: Ne\n+0001c830: 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a twork, Up: Top.\n+0001c840: 0a39 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7669 .9 Using GRUB vi\n+0001c850: 6120 6120 7365 7269 616c 206c 696e 650a a a serial line.\n 0001c860: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 2063 ********..This c\n-0001c880: 6861 7074 6572 2064 6573 6372 6962 6573 hapter describes\n-0001c890: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 how to use the \n-0001c8a0: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n-0001c8b0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 696e 2047 5255 422e support in GRUB.\n-0001c8c0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 .. If you have\n-0001c8d0: 206d 616e 7920 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 many computers \n-0001c8e0: 6f72 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 or computers wit\n-0001c8f0: 6820 6e6f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2f6b 6579 h no display/key\n-0001c900: 626f 6172 642c 2069 740a 636f 756c 6420 board, it.could \n-0001c910: 6265 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 be very useful t\n-0001c920: 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 7468 6520 636f o control the co\n-0001c930: 6d70 7574 6572 7320 7468 726f 7567 6820 mputers through \n-0001c940: 7365 7269 616c 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 serial.communica\n-0001c950: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 546f 2063 6f6e 6e65 tions. To conne\n-0001c960: 6374 206f 6e65 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 ct one computer \n-0001c970: 7769 7468 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2076 6961 with another via\n-0001c980: 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 2c0a a serial line,.\n-0001c990: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6570 you need to prep\n-0001c9a0: 6172 6520 6120 6e75 6c6c 2d6d 6f64 656d are a null-modem\n-0001c9b0: 2028 6372 6f73 7329 2073 6572 6961 6c20 (cross) serial \n-0001c9c0: 6361 626c 652c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206d cable, and you m\n-0001c9d0: 6179 206e 6565 640a 746f 2068 6176 6520 ay need.to have \n-0001c9e0: 6d75 6c74 6970 6f72 7420 7365 7269 616c multiport serial\n-0001c9f0: 2062 6f61 7264 732c 2069 6620 796f 7572 boards, if your\n-0001ca00: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 646f 6573 6e27 computer doesn'\n-0001ca10: 7420 6861 7665 2065 7874 7261 0a73 6572 t have extra.ser\n-0001ca20: 6961 6c20 706f 7274 732e 2020 496e 2061 ial ports. In a\n-0001ca30: 6464 6974 696f 6e2c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 ddition, a termi\n-0001ca40: 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 nal emulator is \n-0001ca50: 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 642c 2073 also required, s\n-0001ca60: 7563 680a 6173 206d 696e 6963 6f6d 2e20 uch.as minicom. \n-0001ca70: 2052 6566 6572 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 6e75 Refer to a manu\n-0001ca80: 616c 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 al of your opera\n-0001ca90: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 ting system, for\n-0001caa0: 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more.informatio\n-0001cab0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 666f 7220 4752 n... As for GR\n-0001cac0: 5542 2c20 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 UB, the instruct\n-0001cad0: 696f 6e20 746f 2073 6574 2075 7020 6120 ion to set up a \n-0001cae0: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n-0001caf0: 6973 2071 7569 7465 0a73 696d 706c 652e is quite.simple.\n-0001cb00: 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 Here is an exa\n-0001cb10: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 mple:.. grub\n-0001cb20: 3e20 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d75 6e69 743d > serial --unit=\n-0001cb30: 3020 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 0 --speed=9600. \n-0001cb40: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7465 726d 696e grub> termin\n-0001cb50: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c3b al_input serial;\n-0001cb60: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n-0001cb70: 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 serial.. The \n-0001cb80: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6572 6961 command ...seria\n-0001cb90: 6ce2 8099 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 l... initializes\n-0001cba0: 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 the serial unit\n-0001cbb0: 2030 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 6565 0 with the spee\n-0001cbc0: 640a 3936 3030 6270 732e 2020 5468 6520 d.9600bps. The \n-0001cbd0: 7365 7269 616c 2075 6e69 7420 3020 6973 serial unit 0 is\n-0001cbe0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2063 616c 6c65 6420 usually called \n-0001cbf0: e280 9843 4f4d 31e2 8099 2c20 736f 2c20 ...COM1..., so, \n-0001cc00: 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a75 if you want to.u\n-0001cc10: 7365 2043 4f4d 322c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 se COM2, you mus\n-0001cc20: 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 e280 982d 2d75 t specify ...--u\n-0001cc30: 6e69 743d 31e2 8099 2069 6e73 7465 6164 nit=1... instead\n-0001cc40: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . This command \n-0001cc50: 6163 6365 7074 730a 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 accepts.many oth\n-0001cc60: 6572 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 2a6e 6f74 er options, *not\n-0001cc70: 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2066 6f72 206d e serial:: for m\n-0001cc80: 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 ore details... \n-0001cc90: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 e280 The commands ..\n-0001cca0: 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 74e2 .terminal_input.\n-0001ccb0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e .. (*note termin\n-0001ccc0: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2920 616e 640a al_input::) and.\n-0001ccd0: e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 ...terminal_outp\n-0001cce0: 7574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 ut... (*note ter\n-0001ccf0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2920 minal_output::) \n-0001cd00: 6368 6f6f 7365 2077 6869 6368 2074 7970 choose which typ\n-0001cd10: 6520 6f66 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 796f e of.terminal yo\n-0001cd20: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 652e 2020 u want to use. \n-0001cd30: 496e 2074 6865 2063 6173 6520 6162 6f76 In the case abov\n-0001cd40: 652c 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 e, the terminal \n-0001cd50: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 610a 7365 7269 616c will be a.serial\n-0001cd60: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2062 7574 2079 terminal, but y\n-0001cd70: 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 7061 7373 ou can also pass\n-0001cd80: 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2074 ...console... t\n-0001cd90: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2061 o the command, a\n-0001cda0: 730a e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e s....terminal_in\n-0001cdb0: 7075 7420 7365 7269 616c 2063 6f6e 736f put serial conso\n-0001cdc0: 6c65 e280 992e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 le.... In this \n-0001cdd0: 6361 7365 2c20 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c case, a terminal\n-0001cde0: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f 750a 7072 in which you.pr\n-0001cdf0: 6573 7320 616e 7920 6b65 7920 7769 6c6c ess any key will\n-0001ce00: 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2061 7320 be selected as \n-0001ce10: 6120 4752 5542 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e a GRUB terminal.\n-0001ce20: 2020 496e 2074 6865 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 In the example\n-0001ce30: 0a61 626f 7665 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 .above, note tha\n-0001ce40: 7420 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7075 t you need to pu\n-0001ce50: 7420 626f 7468 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 t both commands \n-0001ce60: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 636f 6d6d on the same comm\n-0001ce70: 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c0a 6173 2079 6f75 and line,.as you\n-0001ce80: 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 7365 2074 6865 2061 will lose the a\n-0001ce90: 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 7479 7065 2063 bility to type c\n-0001cea0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 ommands on the c\n-0001ceb0: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 onsole after the\n-0001cec0: 0a66 6972 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a .first command..\n-0001ced0: 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 206e 6f74 . However, not\n-0001cee0: 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 e that GRUB assu\n-0001cef0: 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 7465 mes that your te\n-0001cf00: 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 rminal emulator \n-0001cf10: 6973 0a63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 7769 is.compatible wi\n-0001cf20: 7468 2056 5431 3030 2062 7920 6465 6661 th VT100 by defa\n-0001cf30: 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7472 ult. This is tr\n-0001cf40: 7565 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7465 726d ue for most term\n-0001cf50: 696e 616c 0a65 6d75 6c61 746f 7273 206e inal.emulators n\n-0001cf60: 6f77 6164 6179 732c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 owadays, but you\n-0001cf70: 2073 686f 756c 6420 7061 7373 2074 6865 should pass the\n-0001cf80: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d64 756d option ...--dum\n-0001cf90: 62e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 650a 636f 6d6d b... to the.comm\n-0001cfa0: 616e 6420 6966 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d and if your term\n-0001cfb0: 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 inal emulator is\n-0001cfc0: 206e 6f74 2056 5431 3030 2d63 6f6d 7061 not VT100-compa\n-0001cfd0: 7469 626c 6520 6f72 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 tible or impleme\n-0001cfe0: 6e74 730a 6665 7720 5654 3130 3020 6573 nts.few VT100 es\n-0001cff0: 6361 7065 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 cape sequences. \n-0001d000: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 If you specify \n-0001d010: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7468 656e this option then\n-0001d020: 2047 5255 420a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 GRUB.provides y\n-0001d030: 6f75 2077 6974 6820 616e 2061 6c74 6572 ou with an alter\n-0001d040: 6e61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 native menu inte\n-0001d050: 7266 6163 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 rface, because t\n-0001d060: 6865 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d65 6e75 0a72 he normal menu.r\n-0001d070: 6571 7569 7265 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 equires several \n-0001d080: 6661 6e63 7920 6665 6174 7572 6573 206f fancy features o\n-0001d090: 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e f your terminal.\n-0001d0a0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0001d0b0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5665 6e64 nfo, Node: Vend\n-0001d0c0: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 or power-on keys\n-0001d0d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6d61 6765 732c , Next: Images,\n-0001d0e0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 Prev: Serial t\n-0001d0f0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f erminal, Up: To\n-0001d100: 700a 0a31 3020 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 p..10 Using GRUB\n-0001d110: 2077 6974 6820 7665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 with vendor pow\n-0001d120: 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a er-on keys.*****\n-0001d130: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+0001c880: 5468 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 2064 6573 This chapter des\n+0001c890: 6372 6962 6573 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 cribes how to us\n+0001c8a0: 6520 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 e the serial ter\n+0001c8b0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 696e minal support in\n+0001c8c0: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f GRUB... If yo\n+0001c8d0: 7520 6861 7665 206d 616e 7920 636f 6d70 u have many comp\n+0001c8e0: 7574 6572 7320 6f72 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 uters or compute\n+0001c8f0: 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2064 6973 706c rs with no displ\n+0001c900: 6179 2f6b 6579 626f 6172 642c 2069 740a ay/keyboard, it.\n+0001c910: 636f 756c 6420 6265 2076 6572 7920 7573 could be very us\n+0001c920: 6566 756c 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 eful to control \n+0001c930: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 7468 the computers th\n+0001c940: 726f 7567 6820 7365 7269 616c 0a63 6f6d rough serial.com\n+0001c950: 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 546f munications. To\n+0001c960: 2063 6f6e 6e65 6374 206f 6e65 2063 6f6d connect one com\n+0001c970: 7075 7465 7220 7769 7468 2061 6e6f 7468 puter with anoth\n+0001c980: 6572 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 er via a serial \n+0001c990: 6c69 6e65 2c0a 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 line,.you need t\n+0001c9a0: 6f20 7072 6570 6172 6520 6120 6e75 6c6c o prepare a null\n+0001c9b0: 2d6d 6f64 656d 2028 6372 6f73 7329 2073 -modem (cross) s\n+0001c9c0: 6572 6961 6c20 6361 626c 652c 2061 6e64 erial cable, and\n+0001c9d0: 2079 6f75 206d 6179 206e 6565 640a 746f you may need.to\n+0001c9e0: 2068 6176 6520 6d75 6c74 6970 6f72 7420 have multiport \n+0001c9f0: 7365 7269 616c 2062 6f61 7264 732c 2069 serial boards, i\n+0001ca00: 6620 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 f your computer \n+0001ca10: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2065 7874 doesn't have ext\n+0001ca20: 7261 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 732e ra.serial ports.\n+0001ca30: 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e2c 2061 In addition, a\n+0001ca40: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 terminal emulat\n+0001ca50: 6f72 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 or is also requi\n+0001ca60: 7265 642c 2073 7563 680a 6173 206d 696e red, such.as min\n+0001ca70: 6963 6f6d 2e20 2052 6566 6572 2074 6f20 icom. Refer to \n+0001ca80: 6120 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 6620 796f 7572 a manual of your\n+0001ca90: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+0001caa0: 6d2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f m, for more.info\n+0001cab0: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 rmation... As \n+0001cac0: 666f 7220 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 696e for GRUB, the in\n+0001cad0: 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2073 6574 struction to set\n+0001cae0: 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 up a serial ter\n+0001caf0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6973 2071 7569 7465 0a73 minal is quite.s\n+0001cb00: 696d 706c 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 imple. Here is \n+0001cb10: 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 an example:.. \n+0001cb20: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7365 7269 616c 202d grub> serial -\n+0001cb30: 2d75 6e69 743d 3020 2d2d 7370 6565 643d -unit=0 --speed=\n+0001cb40: 3936 3030 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 9600. grub> \n+0001cb50: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 terminal_input s\n+0001cb60: 6572 6961 6c3b 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f erial; terminal_\n+0001cb70: 6f75 7470 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 0a20 output serial.. \n+0001cb80: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 The command ..\n+0001cb90: 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2069 6e69 7469 .serial... initi\n+0001cba0: 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 alizes the seria\n+0001cbb0: 6c20 756e 6974 2030 2077 6974 6820 7468 l unit 0 with th\n+0001cbc0: 6520 7370 6565 640a 3936 3030 6270 732e e speed.9600bps.\n+0001cbd0: 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2075 6e69 The serial uni\n+0001cbe0: 7420 3020 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2063 t 0 is usually c\n+0001cbf0: 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9843 4f4d 31e2 8099 alled ...COM1...\n+0001cc00: 2c20 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e , so, if you wan\n+0001cc10: 7420 746f 0a75 7365 2043 4f4d 322c 2079 t to.use COM2, y\n+0001cc20: 6f75 206d 7573 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 ou must specify \n+0001cc30: e280 982d 2d75 6e69 743d 31e2 8099 2069 ...--unit=1... i\n+0001cc40: 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f nstead. This co\n+0001cc50: 6d6d 616e 6420 6163 6365 7074 730a 6d61 mmand accepts.ma\n+0001cc60: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ny other options\n+0001cc70: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a , *note serial::\n+0001cc80: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c for more detail\n+0001cc90: 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 s... The comma\n+0001cca0: 6e64 7320 e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f nds ...terminal_\n+0001ccb0: 696e 7075 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 input... (*note \n+0001ccc0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a terminal_input::\n+0001ccd0: 2920 616e 640a e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 ) and....termina\n+0001cce0: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f l_output... (*no\n+0001ccf0: 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 te terminal_outp\n+0001cd00: 7574 3a3a 2920 6368 6f6f 7365 2077 6869 ut::) choose whi\n+0001cd10: 6368 2074 7970 6520 6f66 0a74 6572 6d69 ch type of.termi\n+0001cd20: 6e61 6c20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 nal you want to \n+0001cd30: 7573 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2063 6173 use. In the cas\n+0001cd40: 6520 6162 6f76 652c 2074 6865 2074 6572 e above, the ter\n+0001cd50: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 610a minal will be a.\n+0001cd60: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c serial terminal,\n+0001cd70: 2062 7574 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 but you can als\n+0001cd80: 6f20 7061 7373 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c o pass ...consol\n+0001cd90: 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d e... to the comm\n+0001cda0: 616e 642c 2061 730a e280 9874 6572 6d69 and, as....termi\n+0001cdb0: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 7365 7269 616c nal_input serial\n+0001cdc0: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 992e 2020 496e console.... In\n+0001cdd0: 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c20 6120 7465 this case, a te\n+0001cde0: 726d 696e 616c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 rminal in which \n+0001cdf0: 796f 750a 7072 6573 7320 616e 7920 6b65 you.press any ke\n+0001ce00: 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 y will be select\n+0001ce10: 6564 2061 7320 6120 4752 5542 2074 6572 ed as a GRUB ter\n+0001ce20: 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2065 minal. In the e\n+0001ce30: 7861 6d70 6c65 0a61 626f 7665 2c20 6e6f xample.above, no\n+0001ce40: 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6e65 6564 te that you need\n+0001ce50: 2074 6f20 7075 7420 626f 7468 2063 6f6d to put both com\n+0001ce60: 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d mands on the sam\n+0001ce70: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c0a e command line,.\n+0001ce80: 6173 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 7365 as you will lose\n+0001ce90: 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 the ability to \n+0001cea0: 7479 7065 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e type commands on\n+0001ceb0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6674 the console aft\n+0001cec0: 6572 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2063 6f6d er the.first com\n+0001ced0: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 mand... Howeve\n+0001cee0: 722c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 r, note that GRU\n+0001cef0: 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2079 B assumes that y\n+0001cf00: 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 our terminal emu\n+0001cf10: 6c61 746f 7220 6973 0a63 6f6d 7061 7469 lator is.compati\n+0001cf20: 626c 6520 7769 7468 2056 5431 3030 2062 ble with VT100 b\n+0001cf30: 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 y default. This\n+0001cf40: 2069 7320 7472 7565 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 is true for mos\n+0001cf50: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a65 6d75 6c61 t terminal.emula\n+0001cf60: 746f 7273 206e 6f77 6164 6179 732c 2062 tors nowadays, b\n+0001cf70: 7574 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 7061 ut you should pa\n+0001cf80: 7373 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 ss the option ..\n+0001cf90: 982d 2d64 756d 62e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 .--dumb... to th\n+0001cfa0: 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6966 2079 6f75 e.command if you\n+0001cfb0: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 r terminal emula\n+0001cfc0: 746f 7220 6973 206e 6f74 2056 5431 3030 tor is not VT100\n+0001cfd0: 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f72 2069 -compatible or i\n+0001cfe0: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 6665 7720 5654 mplements.few VT\n+0001cff0: 3130 3020 6573 6361 7065 2073 6571 7565 100 escape seque\n+0001d000: 6e63 6573 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 nces. If you sp\n+0001d010: 6563 6966 7920 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f ecify this optio\n+0001d020: 6e20 7468 656e 2047 5255 420a 7072 6f76 n then GRUB.prov\n+0001d030: 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 616e ides you with an\n+0001d040: 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 206d 656e alternative men\n+0001d050: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2062 6563 u interface, bec\n+0001d060: 6175 7365 2074 6865 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 ause the normal \n+0001d070: 6d65 6e75 0a72 6571 7569 7265 7320 7365 menu.requires se\n+0001d080: 7665 7261 6c20 6661 6e63 7920 6665 6174 veral fancy feat\n+0001d090: 7572 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 ures of your ter\n+0001d0a0: 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 minal.....File: \n+0001d0b0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0001d0c0: 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f : Vendor power-o\n+0001d0d0: 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 n keys, Next: I\n+0001d0e0: 6d61 6765 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 mages, Prev: Se\n+0001d0f0: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 rial terminal, \n+0001d100: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3020 5573 696e Up: Top..10 Usin\n+0001d110: 6720 4752 5542 2077 6974 6820 7665 6e64 g GRUB with vend\n+0001d120: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 or power-on keys\n+0001d130: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n 0001d140: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001d150: 2a2a 0a0a 536f 6d65 206c 6170 746f 7020 **..Some laptop \n-0001d160: 7665 6e64 6f72 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6520 vendors provide \n-0001d170: 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 706f an additional po\n-0001d180: 7765 722d 6f6e 2062 7574 746f 6e20 7768 wer-on button wh\n-0001d190: 6963 6820 626f 6f74 730a 616e 6f74 6865 ich boots.anothe\n-0001d1a0: 7220 4f53 2e20 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f r OS. GRUB suppo\n-0001d1b0: 7274 7320 7375 6368 2062 7574 746f 6e73 rts such buttons\n-0001d1c0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 9847 5255 with the ...GRU\n-0001d1d0: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e B_TIMEOUT_BUTTON\n-0001d1e0: e280 992c 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d ...,....GRUB_TIM\n-0001d1f0: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f EOUT_STYLE_BUTTO\n-0001d200: 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 N..., ...GRUB_DE\n-0001d210: 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c FAULT_BUTTON...,\n-0001d220: 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 and....GRUB_BUT\n-0001d230: 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 TON_CMOS_ADDRESS\n-0001d240: e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e ... variables in\n-0001d250: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 6220 282a default/grub (*\n-0001d260: 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 note Simple.conf\n-0001d270: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e20 20e2 iguration::). .\n-0001d280: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_B\n-0001d290: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 UTTON..., ...GRU\n-0001d2a0: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 455f B_TIMEOUT_STYLE_\n-0001d2b0: 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 0a61 6e64 20e2 BUTTON...,.and .\n-0001d2c0: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 ..GRUB_DEFAULT_B\n-0001d2d0: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2061 7265 2075 7365 UTTON... are use\n-0001d2e0: 6420 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2074 6865 d instead of the\n-0001d2f0: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 0a76 corresponding.v\n-0001d300: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 ariables without\n-0001d310: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 the ..._BUTTON.\n-0001d320: 8099 2073 7566 6669 7820 7768 656e 2070 .. suffix when p\n-0001d330: 6f77 6572 6564 206f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 owered on using \n-0001d340: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c0a 6275 7474 the special.butt\n-0001d350: 6f6e 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 on. ...GRUB_BUT\n-0001d360: 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 TON_CMOS_ADDRESS\n-0001d370: e280 9920 6973 2076 656e 646f 722d 7370 ... is vendor-sp\n-0001d380: 6563 6966 6963 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 ecific and parti\n-0001d390: 616c 6c79 0a6d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 ally.model-speci\n-0001d3a0: 6669 632e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 206b 6e6f fic. Values kno\n-0001d3b0: 776e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2074 wn to the GRUB t\n-0001d3c0: 6561 6d20 6172 653a 0a0a 3c44 656c 6c20 eam are:... \n-0001d3e0: 2031 3231 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 121:3.. 85:\n-0001d400: 330a 3c44 656c 6c20 4c61 7469 7475 6465 3.. 85:\n-0001d420: 330a 3c41 7375 7320 4565 6550 4320 3130 3.. 84:1 \n-0001d440: 2875 6e63 6f6e 6669 726d 6564 290a 3c4c (unconfirmed)..\n-0001d470: 2020 2020 2031 3031 3a33 0a0a 2020 2054 101:3.. T\n-0001d480: 6f20 7461 6b65 2066 756c 6c20 6164 7661 o take full adva\n-0001d490: 6e74 6167 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6675 ntage of this fu\n-0001d4a0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 nction, install \n-0001d4b0: 4752 5542 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4d42 GRUB into the MB\n-0001d4c0: 520a 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c R.(*note Install\n-0001d4d0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 ing GRUB using g\n-0001d4e0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a rub-install::)..\n-0001d4f0: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 . If you have \n-0001d500: 6120 6c61 7074 6f70 2077 6869 6368 2068 a laptop which h\n-0001d510: 6173 2061 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 6561 as a similar fea\n-0001d520: 7475 7265 2061 6e64 206e 6f74 2069 6e20 ture and not in \n-0001d530: 7468 6520 6162 6f76 650a 6c69 7374 2063 the above.list c\n-0001d540: 6f75 6c64 2079 6f75 2066 6967 7572 6520 ould you figure \n-0001d550: 796f 7572 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 your address and\n-0001d560: 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 653f 2020 546f contribute? To\n-0001d570: 2064 6973 636f 7665 7220 7468 650a 6164 discover the.ad\n-0001d580: 6472 6573 7320 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c dress do the fol\n-0001d590: 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 lowing:. ... b\n-0001d5a0: 6f6f 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 oot normally. \n-0001d5b0: e280 a220 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f ... sudo mo\n-0001d5c0: 6470 726f 6265 206e 7672 616d 0a20 2020 dprobe nvram. \n-0001d5d0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6361 7420 sudo cat \n-0001d5e0: 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 616d 207c 2078 7864 /dev/nvram | xxd\n-0001d5f0: 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6275 7474 6f6e > normal_button\n-0001d600: 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 .txt. ... boot\n-0001d610: 2075 7369 6e67 2076 656e 646f 7220 6275 using vendor bu\n-0001d620: 7474 6f6e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2020 2020 tton. ... \n-0001d630: 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 206e sudo modprobe n\n-0001d640: 7672 616d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 vram. s\n-0001d650: 7564 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 udo cat /dev/nvr\n-0001d660: 616d 207c 2078 7864 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 am | xxd > norma\n-0001d670: 6c5f 7665 6e64 6f72 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 l_vendor.txt.. \n-0001d680: 2054 6865 6e20 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 Then compare th\n-0001d690: 6573 6520 7465 7874 2066 696c 6573 2061 ese text files a\n-0001d6a0: 6e64 2066 696e 6420 7768 6572 6520 6120 nd find where a \n-0001d6b0: 6269 7420 7761 7320 746f 6767 6c65 642e bit was toggled.\n-0001d6c0: 2020 452e 672e 0a69 6e20 6361 7365 206f E.g..in case o\n-0001d6d0: 6620 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 2069 7420 7761 f Dell XPS it wa\n-0001d6e0: 733a 0a20 2020 2020 6279 7465 2030 7834 s:. byte 0x4\n-0001d6f0: 373a 2032 3020 2d2d 3e20 3238 0a20 2020 7: 20 --> 28. \n-0001d700: 4974 2773 2061 2062 6974 206e 756d 6265 It's a bit numbe\n-0001d710: 7220 3320 6173 2073 6565 6e20 6672 6f6d r 3 as seen from\n-0001d720: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 following table\n-0001d730: 3a0a 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :.0 \n-0001d740: 2030 310a 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 01.1 \n-0001d750: 2020 2030 320a 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 02.2 \n-0001d760: 2020 2020 2030 340a 3320 2020 2020 2020 04.3 \n-0001d770: 2020 2020 2020 2030 380a 3420 2020 2020 08.4 \n-0001d780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 300a 3520 2020 10.5 \n-0001d790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 300a 3620 20.6 \n-0001d7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2034 300a 40.\n-0001d7b0: 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 7 8\n-0001d7c0: 300a 0a20 2020 3078 3437 2069 7320 6465 0.. 0x47 is de\n-0001d7d0: 6369 6d61 6c20 3731 2e20 204c 696e 7578 cimal 71. Linux\n-0001d7e0: 206e 7672 616d 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 nvram implement\n-0001d7f0: 6174 696f 6e20 6375 7473 2066 6972 7374 ation cuts first\n-0001d800: 2031 3420 6279 7465 730a 6f66 2043 4d4f 14 bytes.of CMO\n-0001d810: 532e 2053 6f20 7468 6520 7265 616c 2062 S. So the real b\n-0001d820: 7974 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 696e 2043 yte address in C\n-0001d830: 4d4f 5320 6973 2037 312b 3134 3d38 3520 MOS is 71+14=85 \n-0001d840: 536f 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 650a 6164 6472 So complete.addr\n-0001d850: 6573 7320 6973 2038 353a 330a 0a1f 0a46 ess is 85:3....F\n-0001d860: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0001d870: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 Node: Images, \n-0001d880: 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 Next: Core image\n-0001d890: 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e size limitation\n-0001d8a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2056 656e 646f 7220 , Prev: Vendor \n-0001d8b0: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 power-on keys, \n-0001d8c0: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3120 4752 5542 Up: Top..11 GRUB\n-0001d8d0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2a2a image files.***\n-0001d8e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001d8f0: 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 7320 ..GRUB consists \n-0001d900: 6f66 2073 6576 6572 616c 2069 6d61 6765 of several image\n-0001d910: 733a 2061 2076 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 s: a variety of \n-0001d920: 626f 6f74 7374 7261 7020 696d 6167 6573 bootstrap images\n-0001d930: 2066 6f72 0a73 7461 7274 696e 6720 4752 for.starting GR\n-0001d940: 5542 2069 6e20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7761 UB in various wa\n-0001d950: 7973 2c20 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 ys, a kernel ima\n-0001d960: 6765 2c20 616e 6420 6120 7365 7420 6f66 ge, and a set of\n-0001d970: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a77 6869 6368 2061 modules.which a\n-0001d980: 7265 2063 6f6d 6269 6e65 6420 7769 7468 re combined with\n-0001d990: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 the kernel imag\n-0001d9a0: 6520 746f 2066 6f72 6d20 6120 636f 7265 e to form a core\n-0001d9b0: 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 image. Here is\n-0001d9c0: 0a61 2073 686f 7274 206f 7665 7276 6965 .a short overvie\n-0001d9d0: 7720 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a e280 9862 w of them......b\n-0001d9e0: 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 oot.img.... \n-0001d9f0: 4f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 On PC BIOS syste\n-0001da00: 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 ms, this image i\n-0001da10: 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 s the first part\n-0001da20: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7374 6172 of GRUB to star\n-0001da30: 742e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 7772 t.. It is wr\n-0001da40: 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 206d 6173 7465 itten to a maste\n-0001da50: 7220 626f 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 6420 284d r boot record (M\n-0001da60: 4252 2920 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 6520 626f BR) or to the bo\n-0001da70: 6f74 2073 6563 746f 720a 2020 2020 206f ot sector. o\n-0001da80: 6620 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 f a partition. \n-0001da90: 4265 6361 7573 6520 6120 5043 2062 6f6f Because a PC boo\n-0001daa0: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2069 7320 3531 3220 t sector is 512 \n-0001dab0: 6279 7465 732c 2074 6865 2073 697a 6520 bytes, the size \n-0001dac0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6973 2069 6d61 of. this ima\n-0001dad0: 6765 2069 7320 6578 6163 746c 7920 3531 ge is exactly 51\n-0001dae0: 3220 6279 7465 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 2 bytes... T\n-0001daf0: 6865 2073 6f6c 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e he sole function\n-0001db00: 206f 6620 e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 of ...boot.img.\n-0001db10: 8099 2069 7320 746f 2072 6561 6420 7468 .. is to read th\n-0001db20: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f e first sector o\n-0001db30: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6520 f the. core \n-0001db40: 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 206c 6f63 image from a loc\n-0001db50: 616c 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 6a75 6d70 al disk and jump\n-0001db60: 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2042 6563 6175 7365 to it. Because\n-0001db70: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 of the size. \n-0001db80: 2020 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e2c 20e2 restriction, .\n-0001db90: 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6361 ..boot.img... ca\n-0001dba0: 6e6e 6f74 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 nnot understand \n-0001dbb0: 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a any file system.\n-0001dbc0: 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2c20 structure, \n-0001dbd0: 736f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 so ...grub-insta\n-0001dbe0: 6c6c e280 9920 6861 7264 636f 6465 7320 ll... hardcodes \n-0001dbf0: 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 the location of \n-0001dc00: 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 2073 the first. s\n-0001dc10: 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 ector of the cor\n-0001dc20: 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e 746f 20e2 8098 e image into ...\n-0001dc30: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7768 656e boot.img... when\n-0001dc40: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 installing GRUB\n-0001dc50: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 ......diskboot.i\n-0001dc60: 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 mg.... This \n-0001dc70: 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 image is used as\n-0001dc80: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f the first secto\n-0001dc90: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d r of the core im\n-0001dca0: 6167 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f age when. bo\n-0001dcb0: 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2068 6172 oting from a har\n-0001dcc0: 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 7420 7265 6164 d disk. It read\n-0001dcd0: 7320 7468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 s the rest of th\n-0001dce0: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 e core image int\n-0001dcf0: 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 616e o. memory an\n-0001dd00: 6420 7374 6172 7473 2074 6865 206b 6572 d starts the ker\n-0001dd10: 6e65 6c2e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 6669 6c65 nel. Since file\n-0001dd20: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 system handling\n-0001dd30: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2079 6574 is not. yet\n-0001dd40: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2c20 6974 2065 available, it e\n-0001dd50: 6e63 6f64 6573 2074 6865 206c 6f63 6174 ncodes the locat\n-0001dd60: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 ion of the core \n-0001dd70: 696d 6167 6520 7573 696e 6720 610a 2020 image using a. \n-0001dd80: 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 666f block list fo\n-0001dd90: 726d 6174 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 rmat......cdboot\n-0001dda0: 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 .img.... Thi\n-0001ddb0: 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 s image is used \n-0001ddc0: 6173 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 as the first sec\n-0001ddd0: 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 tor of the core \n-0001dde0: 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 image when. \n-0001ddf0: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 booting from a C\n-0001de00: 442d 524f 4d20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4974 D-ROM drive. It\n-0001de10: 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 7369 6d69 performs a simi\n-0001de20: 6c61 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a lar function to.\n-0001de30: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 ...diskboot\n-0001de40: 2e69 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9870 7865 .img.........pxe\n-0001de50: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 boot.img.... \n-0001de60: 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 This image is u\n-0001de70: 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 sed as the start\n-0001de80: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 of the core ima\n-0001de90: 6765 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 ge when booting \n-0001dea0: 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6e65 from. the ne\n-0001deb0: 7477 6f72 6b20 7573 696e 6720 5058 452e twork using PXE.\n-0001dec0: 202a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a *Note Network::\n-0001ded0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6c6e 7862 6f6f 742e 696d ......lnxboot.im\n-0001dee0: 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 g.... This i\n-0001def0: 6d61 6765 206d 6179 2062 6520 706c 6163 mage may be plac\n-0001df00: 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 ed at the start \n-0001df10: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 of the core imag\n-0001df20: 6520 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f0a 2020 e in order to. \n-0001df30: 2020 206d 616b 6520 4752 5542 206c 6f6f make GRUB loo\n-0001df40: 6b20 656e 6f75 6768 206c 696b 6520 6120 k enough like a \n-0001df50: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2074 6861 Linux kernel tha\n-0001df60: 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 626f 6f74 t it can be boot\n-0001df70: 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 204c 494c 4f20 ed by. LILO \n-0001df80: 7573 696e 6720 616e 20e2 8098 696d 6167 using an ...imag\n-0001df90: 653d e280 9920 7365 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a e=... section...\n-0001dfa0: e280 986b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 67e2 8099 ...kernel.img...\n-0001dfb0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 . This image\n-0001dfc0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 4752 5542 2773 contains GRUB's\n-0001dfd0: 2062 6173 6963 2072 756e 2d74 696d 6520 basic run-time \n-0001dfe0: 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 3a20 6672 616d facilities: fram\n-0001dff0: 6577 6f72 6b73 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 eworks. for \n-0001e000: 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6520 device and file \n-0001e010: 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c20 656e 7669 726f handling, enviro\n-0001e020: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c nment variables,\n-0001e030: 2074 6865 2072 6573 6375 650a 2020 2020 the rescue. \n-0001e040: 206d 6f64 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 mode command-li\n-0001e050: 6e65 2070 6172 7365 722c 2061 6e64 2073 ne parser, and s\n-0001e060: 6f20 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 6172 o on. It is rar\n-0001e070: 656c 7920 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c ely used directl\n-0001e080: 792c 0a20 2020 2020 6275 7420 6973 2062 y,. but is b\n-0001e090: 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 616c 6c20 636f uilt into all co\n-0001e0a0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a e280 9863 re images......c\n-0001e0b0: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ore.img.... \n-0001e0c0: 5468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 636f 7265 This is the core\n-0001e0d0: 2069 6d61 6765 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 image of GRUB. \n-0001e0e0: 4974 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 6479 6e61 It is built dyna\n-0001e0f0: 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 mically from the\n-0001e100: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 . kernel ima\n-0001e110: 6765 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 ge and an arbitr\n-0001e120: 6172 7920 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 ary list of modu\n-0001e130: 6c65 7320 6279 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 les by the ...gr\n-0001e140: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 990a 2020 ub-mkimage.... \n-0001e150: 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d 2e20 2055 7375 program. Usu\n-0001e160: 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7461 696e ally, it contain\n-0001e170: 7320 656e 6f75 6768 206d 6f64 756c 6573 s enough modules\n-0001e180: 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 to access. \n-0001e190: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 .../boot/grub...\n-0001e1a0: 2c20 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 7320 6576 6572 , and loads ever\n-0001e1b0: 7974 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 2869 6e63 ything else (inc\n-0001e1c0: 6c75 6469 6e67 206d 656e 7520 6861 6e64 luding menu hand\n-0001e1d0: 6c69 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2061 ling,. the a\n-0001e1e0: 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 bility to load t\n-0001e1f0: 6172 6765 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 arget operating \n-0001e200: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 systems, and so \n-0001e210: 6f6e 2920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 on) from the. \n-0001e220: 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 file system at\n-0001e230: 2072 756e 2d74 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 run-time. The \n-0001e240: 6d6f 6475 6c61 7220 6465 7369 676e 2061 modular design a\n-0001e250: 6c6c 6f77 7320 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 llows the core i\n-0001e260: 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2062 6520 mage. to be \n-0001e270: 6b65 7074 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 7369 6e63 kept small, sinc\n-0001e280: 6520 7468 6520 6172 6561 7320 6f66 2064 e the areas of d\n-0001e290: 6973 6b20 7768 6572 6520 6974 206d 7573 isk where it mus\n-0001e2a0: 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c t be. instal\n-0001e2b0: 6c65 6420 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 led are often as\n-0001e2c0: 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 7320 3332 4b42 2e0a small as 32KB..\n-0001e2d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 . *Note BIOS\n-0001e2e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2c installation::,\n-0001e2f0: 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 206f 6e20 for details on \n-0001e300: 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 where the core i\n-0001e310: 6d61 6765 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 mage can. be\n-0001e320: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 5043 installed on PC\n-0001e330: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2a2e systems......*.\n-0001e340: 6d6f 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4576 6572 mod.... Ever\n-0001e350: 7974 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 696e 2047 ything else in G\n-0001e360: 5255 4220 7265 7369 6465 7320 696e 2064 RUB resides in d\n-0001e370: 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6461 ynamically loada\n-0001e380: 626c 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 ble modules.. \n-0001e390: 2020 5468 6573 6520 6172 6520 6f66 7465 These are ofte\n-0001e3a0: 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 n loaded automat\n-0001e3b0: 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 6f72 2062 7569 6c74 ically, or built\n-0001e3c0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 into the core i\n-0001e3d0: 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2074 6865 mage. if the\n-0001e3e0: 7920 6172 6520 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2c y are essential,\n-0001e3f0: 2062 7574 206d 6179 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 but may also be\n-0001e400: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 loaded manually\n-0001e410: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 using the. \n-0001e420: e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d ...insmod... com\n-0001e430: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d mand (*note insm\n-0001e440: 6f64 3a3a 292e 0a0a 466f 7220 4752 5542 od::)...For GRUB\n-0001e450: 204c 6567 6163 7920 7573 6572 730a 3d3d Legacy users.==\n-0001e460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001e470: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6861 7320 ===..GRUB 2 has \n-0001e480: 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6465 7369 a different desi\n-0001e490: 676e 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 gn from GRUB Leg\n-0001e4a0: 6163 792c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 636f 7272 acy, and so corr\n-0001e4b0: 6573 706f 6e64 656e 6365 730a 7769 7468 espondences.with\n-0001e4c0: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6974 2075 the images it u\n-0001e4d0: 7365 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 sed cannot be ex\n-0001e4e0: 6163 742e 2020 4e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 act. Neverthele\n-0001e4f0: 7373 2c20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 790a ss, GRUB Legacy.\n-0001e500: 7573 6572 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 6b20 users often ask \n-0001e510: 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2074 6865 questions in the\n-0001e520: 2074 6572 6d73 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 terms they are \n-0001e530: 6661 6d69 6c69 6172 2077 6974 682c 2061 familiar with, a\n-0001e540: 6e64 2073 6f0a 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 nd so.here is a \n-0001e550: 6272 6965 6620 6775 6964 6520 746f 2068 brief guide to h\n-0001e560: 6f77 2047 5255 4220 3227 7320 696d 6167 ow GRUB 2's imag\n-0001e570: 6573 2072 656c 6174 6520 746f 2074 6861 es relate to tha\n-0001e580: 742e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 31e2 8099 t......stage1...\n-0001e590: 0a20 2020 2020 5374 6167 6520 3120 6672 . Stage 1 fr\n-0001e5a0: 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2077 om GRUB Legacy w\n-0001e5b0: 6173 2076 6572 7920 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 as very similar \n-0001e5c0: 746f 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 to ...boot.img..\n-0001e5d0: 9920 696e 2047 5255 4220 322c 0a20 2020 . in GRUB 2,. \n-0001e5e0: 2020 616e 6420 7468 6579 2073 6572 7665 and they serve\n-0001e5f0: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6675 6e63 7469 the same functi\n-0001e600: 6f6e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2a5f 7374 6167 6531 on......*_stage1\n-0001e610: 5f35 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 _5.... In GR\n-0001e620: 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2053 7461 6765 UB Legacy, Stage\n-0001e630: 2031 2e35 2773 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 1.5's function \n-0001e640: 7761 7320 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2065 was to include e\n-0001e650: 6e6f 7567 680a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 nough. files\n-0001e660: 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6465 2074 6f20 616c ystem code to al\n-0001e670: 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 6d75 6368 206c 6172 low the much lar\n-0001e680: 6765 7220 5374 6167 6520 3220 746f 2062 ger Stage 2 to b\n-0001e690: 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 e read from an. \n-0001e6a0: 2020 2020 6f72 6469 6e61 7279 2066 696c ordinary fil\n-0001e6b0: 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 496e 2074 6869 esystem. In thi\n-0001e6c0: 7320 7265 7370 6563 742c 2069 7473 2066 s respect, its f\n-0001e6d0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7761 7320 7369 6d69 unction was simi\n-0001e6e0: 6c61 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 lar to. ...c\n-0001e6f0: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 4752 ore.img... in GR\n-0001e700: 5542 2032 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 UB 2. However, \n-0001e710: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 ...core.img... i\n-0001e720: 7320 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 6361 7061 s much more capa\n-0001e730: 626c 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 5374 ble. than St\n-0001e740: 6167 6520 312e 3520 7761 733b 2073 696e age 1.5 was; sin\n-0001e750: 6365 2069 7420 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 ce it offers a r\n-0001e760: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2069 7420 escue shell, it \n-0001e770: 6973 2073 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 0a20 2020 is sometimes. \n-0001e780: 2020 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 possible to re\n-0001e790: 636f 7665 7220 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 cover manually i\n-0001e7a0: 6e20 7468 6520 6576 656e 7420 7468 6174 n the event that\n-0001e7b0: 2069 7420 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f it is unable to\n-0001e7c0: 206c 6f61 640a 2020 2020 2061 6e79 206f load. any o\n-0001e7d0: 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 666f ther modules, fo\n-0001e7e0: 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 6966 2070 6172 r example if par\n-0001e7f0: 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2068 tition numbers h\n-0001e800: 6176 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a20 2020 ave changed.. \n-0001e810: 2020 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 ...core.img...\n-0001e820: 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e 2061 206d is built in a m\n-0001e830: 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 ore flexible way\n-0001e840: 2c20 616c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2047 5255 4220 , allowing GRUB \n-0001e850: 3220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 2 to. suppor\n-0001e860: 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 6d6f 6475 6c65 t reading module\n-0001e870: 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 s from advanced \n-0001e880: 6469 736b 2074 7970 6573 2073 7563 6820 disk types such \n-0001e890: 6173 204c 564d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 as LVM and. \n-0001e8a0: 5241 4944 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 RAID... GRUB\n-0001e8b0: 204c 6567 6163 7920 636f 756c 6420 7275 Legacy could ru\n-0001e8c0: 6e20 7769 7468 206f 6e6c 7920 5374 6167 n with only Stag\n-0001e8d0: 6520 3120 616e 6420 5374 6167 6520 3220 e 1 and Stage 2 \n-0001e8e0: 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 640a in some limited.\n-0001e8f0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 configurati\n-0001e900: 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6c65 2047 5255 4220 ons, while GRUB \n-0001e910: 3220 7265 7175 6972 6573 20e2 8098 636f 2 requires ...co\n-0001e920: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 6361 re.img... and ca\n-0001e930: 6e6e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2077 nnot work. w\n-0001e940: 6974 686f 7574 2069 742e 0a0a e280 9873 ithout it......s\n-0001e950: 7461 6765 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4752 tage2.... GR\n-0001e960: 5542 2032 2068 6173 206e 6f20 7369 6e67 UB 2 has no sing\n-0001e970: 6c65 2053 7461 6765 2032 2069 6d61 6765 le Stage 2 image\n-0001e980: 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 6974 206c . Instead, it l\n-0001e990: 6f61 6473 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 726f oads modules fro\n-0001e9a0: 6d0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f m. .../boot/\n-0001e9b0: 6772 7562 e280 9920 6174 2072 756e 2d74 grub... at run-t\n-0001e9c0: 696d 652e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 325f ime......stage2_\n-0001e9d0: 656c 746f 7269 746f e280 990a 2020 2020 eltorito.... \n-0001e9e0: 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 696d 6167 In GRUB 2, imag\n-0001e9f0: 6573 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 es for booting f\n-0001ea00: 726f 6d20 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 7269 7665 rom CD-ROM drive\n-0001ea10: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 770a 2020 2020 2063 s are now. c\n-0001ea20: 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 2075 7369 6e67 onstructed using\n-0001ea30: 20e2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ...cdboot.img..\n-0001ea40: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d . and ...core.im\n-0001ea50: 67e2 8099 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 g..., making sur\n-0001ea60: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e that the. \n-0001ea70: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 core image conta\n-0001ea80: 696e 7320 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 ins the ...iso96\n-0001ea90: 3630 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2049 60... module. I\n-0001eaa0: 7420 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6573 t is usually bes\n-0001eab0: 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 7468 t to. use th\n-0001eac0: 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 e ...grub-mkresc\n-0001ead0: 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 666f ue... program fo\n-0001eae0: 7220 7468 6973 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e62 6772 r this......nbgr\n-0001eaf0: 7562 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 ub.... There\n-0001eb00: 2069 7320 6173 2079 6574 206e 6f20 6571 is as yet no eq\n-0001eb10: 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 uivalent for ...\n-0001eb20: 6e62 6772 7562 e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 nbgrub... in GRU\n-0001eb30: 4220 323b 2069 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 B 2; it was used\n-0001eb40: 0a20 2020 2020 6279 2045 7468 6572 626f . by Etherbo\n-0001eb50: 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 ot and some othe\n-0001eb60: 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 206c r network boot l\n-0001eb70: 6f61 6465 7273 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7078 6567 oaders......pxeg\n-0001eb80: 7275 62e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 rub.... In G\n-0001eb90: 5255 4220 322c 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f RUB 2, images fo\n-0001eba0: 7220 5058 4520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f r PXE network bo\n-0001ebb0: 6f74 696e 6720 6172 6520 6e6f 7720 636f oting are now co\n-0001ebc0: 6e73 7472 7563 7465 6420 7573 696e 670a nstructed using.\n-0001ebd0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7078 6562 6f6f 742e ...pxeboot.\n-0001ebe0: 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 636f img... and ...co\n-0001ebf0: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 206d 616b 696e re.img..., makin\n-0001ec00: 6720 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 g sure that the \n-0001ec10: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 core image. \n-0001ec20: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 20e2 8098 contains the ...\n-0001ec30: 7078 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7078 pxe... and ...px\n-0001ec40: 6563 6d64 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e ecmd... modules.\n-0001ec50: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a *Note Network:\n-0001ec60: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-0001ec70: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .info, Node: Co\n-0001ec80: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 re image size li\n-0001ec90: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a mitation, Next:\n-0001eca0: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 5072 Filesystem, Pr\n-0001ecb0: 6576 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2055 703a ev: Images, Up:\n-0001ecc0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3132 2043 6f72 6520 696d Top..12 Core im\n-0001ecd0: 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 age size limitat\n-0001ece0: 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ion.************\n+0001d150: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f 6d65 206c ********..Some l\n+0001d160: 6170 746f 7020 7665 6e64 6f72 7320 7072 aptop vendors pr\n+0001d170: 6f76 6964 6520 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f ovide an additio\n+0001d180: 6e61 6c20 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 2062 7574 nal power-on but\n+0001d190: 746f 6e20 7768 6963 6820 626f 6f74 730a ton which boots.\n+0001d1a0: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 4f53 2e20 4752 5542 another OS. GRUB\n+0001d1b0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7375 6368 2062 supports such b\n+0001d1c0: 7574 746f 6e73 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 uttons with the \n+0001d1d0: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f ...GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n+0001d1e0: 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 0ae2 8098 4752 BUTTON...,....GR\n+0001d1f0: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 UB_TIMEOUT_STYLE\n+0001d200: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 _BUTTON..., ...G\n+0001d210: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 RUB_DEFAULT_BUTT\n+0001d220: 4f4e e280 992c 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 4752 ON..., and....GR\n+0001d230: 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 UB_BUTTON_CMOS_A\n+0001d240: 4444 5245 5353 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 DDRESS... variab\n+0001d250: 6c65 7320 696e 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 les in default/g\n+0001d260: 7275 6220 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c rub (*note Simpl\n+0001d270: 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e.configuration:\n+0001d280: 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d :). ...GRUB_TIM\n+0001d290: 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 EOUT_BUTTON..., \n+0001d2a0: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f ...GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n+0001d2b0: 5354 594c 455f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c STYLE_BUTTON...,\n+0001d2c0: 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 .and ...GRUB_DEF\n+0001d2d0: 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2061 AULT_BUTTON... a\n+0001d2e0: 7265 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 6420 re used instead \n+0001d2f0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e of the correspon\n+0001d300: 6469 6e67 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 ding.variables w\n+0001d310: 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 ithout the ..._B\n+0001d320: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2073 7566 6669 7820 UTTON... suffix \n+0001d330: 7768 656e 2070 6f77 6572 6564 206f 6e20 when powered on \n+0001d340: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 using the specia\n+0001d350: 6c0a 6275 7474 6f6e 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 l.button. ...GR\n+0001d360: 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 UB_BUTTON_CMOS_A\n+0001d370: 4444 5245 5353 e280 9920 6973 2076 656e DDRESS... is ven\n+0001d380: 646f 722d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2061 6e64 dor-specific and\n+0001d390: 2070 6172 7469 616c 6c79 0a6d 6f64 656c partially.model\n+0001d3a0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 632e 2020 5661 6c75 -specific. Valu\n+0001d3b0: 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 es known to the \n+0001d3c0: 4752 5542 2074 6561 6d20 6172 653a 0a0a GRUB team are:..\n+0001d3d0: 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 5320 4d31 3333 304d . 121:3.. \n+0001d400: 2020 2038 353a 330a 3c44 656c 6c20 4c61 85:3.. \n+0001d420: 2020 2038 353a 330a 3c41 7375 7320 4565 85:3.. \n+0001d440: 2038 343a 3120 2875 6e63 6f6e 6669 726d 84:1 (unconfirm\n+0001d450: 6564 290a 3c4c 454e 4f56 4f20 5468 696e ed).. 101:3\n+0001d480: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7461 6b65 2066 756c .. To take ful\n+0001d490: 6c20 6164 7661 6e74 6167 6520 6f66 2074 l advantage of t\n+0001d4a0: 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e his function, in\n+0001d4b0: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6e74 6f20 stall GRUB into \n+0001d4c0: 7468 6520 4d42 520a 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 the MBR.(*note I\n+0001d4d0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 nstalling GRUB u\n+0001d4e0: 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c sing grub-instal\n+0001d4f0: 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 l::)... If you\n+0001d500: 2068 6176 6520 6120 6c61 7074 6f70 2077 have a laptop w\n+0001d510: 6869 6368 2068 6173 2061 2073 696d 696c hich has a simil\n+0001d520: 6172 2066 6561 7475 7265 2061 6e64 206e ar feature and n\n+0001d530: 6f74 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 650a ot in the above.\n+0001d540: 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 6c64 2079 6f75 2066 list could you f\n+0001d550: 6967 7572 6520 796f 7572 2061 6464 7265 igure your addre\n+0001d560: 7373 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 ss and contribut\n+0001d570: 653f 2020 546f 2064 6973 636f 7665 7220 e? To discover \n+0001d580: 7468 650a 6164 6472 6573 7320 646f 2074 the.address do t\n+0001d590: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 2020 he following:. \n+0001d5a0: 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 7420 6e6f 726d 616c ... boot normal\n+0001d5b0: 6c79 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2020 2020 2073 ly. ... s\n+0001d5c0: 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 206e 7672 udo modprobe nvr\n+0001d5d0: 616d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7564 am. sud\n+0001d5e0: 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 616d o cat /dev/nvram\n+0001d5f0: 207c 2078 7864 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f | xxd > normal_\n+0001d600: 6275 7474 6f6e 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 e280 button.txt. ..\n+0001d610: a220 626f 6f74 2075 7369 6e67 2076 656e . boot using ven\n+0001d620: 646f 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 0a20 2020 e280 dor button. ..\n+0001d630: a220 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 . sudo modp\n+0001d640: 726f 6265 206e 7672 616d 0a20 2020 2020 robe nvram. \n+0001d650: 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 sudo cat /d\n+0001d660: 6576 2f6e 7672 616d 207c 2078 7864 203e ev/nvram | xxd >\n+0001d670: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 7665 6e64 6f72 2e74 normal_vendor.t\n+0001d680: 7874 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 636f 6d70 xt.. Then comp\n+0001d690: 6172 6520 7468 6573 6520 7465 7874 2066 are these text f\n+0001d6a0: 696c 6573 2061 6e64 2066 696e 6420 7768 iles and find wh\n+0001d6b0: 6572 6520 6120 6269 7420 7761 7320 746f ere a bit was to\n+0001d6c0: 6767 6c65 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a69 6e20 ggled. E.g..in \n+0001d6d0: 6361 7365 206f 6620 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 case of Dell XPS\n+0001d6e0: 2069 7420 7761 733a 0a20 2020 2020 6279 it was:. by\n+0001d6f0: 7465 2030 7834 373a 2032 3020 2d2d 3e20 te 0x47: 20 --> \n+0001d700: 3238 0a20 2020 4974 2773 2061 2062 6974 28. It's a bit\n+0001d710: 206e 756d 6265 7220 3320 6173 2073 6565 number 3 as see\n+0001d720: 6e20 6672 6f6d 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 n from following\n+0001d730: 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a 3020 2020 2020 2020 table:.0 \n+0001d740: 2020 2020 2020 2030 310a 3120 2020 2020 01.1 \n+0001d750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 320a 3220 2020 02.2 \n+0001d760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 340a 3320 04.3 \n+0001d770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 380a 08.\n+0001d780: 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 4 1\n+0001d790: 300a 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 0.5 \n+0001d7a0: 2032 300a 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 20.6 \n+0001d7b0: 2020 2034 300a 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 40.7 \n+0001d7c0: 2020 2020 2038 300a 0a20 2020 3078 3437 80.. 0x47\n+0001d7d0: 2069 7320 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 3731 2e20 is decimal 71. \n+0001d7e0: 204c 696e 7578 206e 7672 616d 2069 6d70 Linux nvram imp\n+0001d7f0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6375 7473 lementation cuts\n+0001d800: 2066 6972 7374 2031 3420 6279 7465 730a first 14 bytes.\n+0001d810: 6f66 2043 4d4f 532e 2053 6f20 7468 6520 of CMOS. So the \n+0001d820: 7265 616c 2062 7974 6520 6164 6472 6573 real byte addres\n+0001d830: 7320 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6973 2037 312b s in CMOS is 71+\n+0001d840: 3134 3d38 3520 536f 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 14=85 So complet\n+0001d850: 650a 6164 6472 6573 7320 6973 2038 353a e.address is 85:\n+0001d860: 330a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 3....File: grub.\n+0001d870: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6d61 info, Node: Ima\n+0001d880: 6765 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 7265 ges, Next: Core\n+0001d890: 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 image size limi\n+0001d8a0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2056 tation, Prev: V\n+0001d8b0: 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b endor power-on k\n+0001d8c0: 6579 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 eys, Up: Top..1\n+0001d8d0: 3120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 1 GRUB image fil\n+0001d8e0: 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a es.*************\n+0001d8f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e ******..GRUB con\n+0001d900: 7369 7374 7320 6f66 2073 6576 6572 616c sists of several\n+0001d910: 2069 6d61 6765 733a 2061 2076 6172 6965 images: a varie\n+0001d920: 7479 206f 6620 626f 6f74 7374 7261 7020 ty of bootstrap \n+0001d930: 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 0a73 7461 7274 images for.start\n+0001d940: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e20 7661 7269 ing GRUB in vari\n+0001d950: 6f75 7320 7761 7973 2c20 6120 6b65 726e ous ways, a kern\n+0001d960: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 6120 el image, and a \n+0001d970: 7365 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a77 set of modules.w\n+0001d980: 6869 6368 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 6269 6e65 hich are combine\n+0001d990: 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 d with the kerne\n+0001d9a0: 6c20 696d 6167 6520 746f 2066 6f72 6d20 l image to form \n+0001d9b0: 6120 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2048 a core image. H\n+0001d9c0: 6572 6520 6973 0a61 2073 686f 7274 206f ere is.a short o\n+0001d9d0: 7665 7276 6965 7720 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e verview of them.\n+0001d9e0: 0a0a e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 .....boot.img...\n+0001d9f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 . On PC BIOS\n+0001da00: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 2069 systems, this i\n+0001da10: 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 mage is the firs\n+0001da20: 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 t part of GRUB t\n+0001da30: 6f20 7374 6172 742e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 o start.. It\n+0001da40: 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 is written to a\n+0001da50: 206d 6173 7465 7220 626f 6f74 2072 6563 master boot rec\n+0001da60: 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 6f72 2074 6f20 ord (MBR) or to \n+0001da70: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f 720a the boot sector.\n+0001da80: 2020 2020 206f 6620 6120 7061 7274 6974 of a partit\n+0001da90: 696f 6e2e 2020 4265 6361 7573 6520 6120 ion. Because a \n+0001daa0: 5043 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2069 PC boot sector i\n+0001dab0: 7320 3531 3220 6279 7465 732c 2074 6865 s 512 bytes, the\n+0001dac0: 2073 697a 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 size of. th\n+0001dad0: 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6578 6163 is image is exac\n+0001dae0: 746c 7920 3531 3220 6279 7465 732e 0a0a tly 512 bytes...\n+0001daf0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 6f6c 6520 6675 The sole fu\n+0001db00: 6e63 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9862 6f6f nction of ...boo\n+0001db10: 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 746f 2072 t.img... is to r\n+0001db20: 6561 6420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 ead the first se\n+0001db30: 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 ctor of the. \n+0001db40: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d core image from\n+0001db50: 2061 206c 6f63 616c 2064 6973 6b20 616e a local disk an\n+0001db60: 6420 6a75 6d70 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2042 d jump to it. B\n+0001db70: 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 7369 ecause of the si\n+0001db80: 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7374 7269 6374 ze. restrict\n+0001db90: 696f 6e2c 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 ion, ...boot.img\n+0001dba0: e280 9920 6361 6e6e 6f74 2075 6e64 6572 ... cannot under\n+0001dbb0: 7374 616e 6420 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 stand any file s\n+0001dbc0: 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 ystem. struc\n+0001dbd0: 7475 7265 2c20 736f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ture, so ...grub\n+0001dbe0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 6861 7264 -install... hard\n+0001dbf0: 636f 6465 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 codes the locati\n+0001dc00: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a on of the first.\n+0001dc10: 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 sector of t\n+0001dc20: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e he core image in\n+0001dc30: 746f 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 to ...boot.img..\n+0001dc40: 9920 7768 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e . when installin\n+0001dc50: 6720 4752 5542 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6469 736b g GRUB......disk\n+0001dc60: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 boot.img.... \n+0001dc70: 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 This image is u\n+0001dc80: 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 sed as the first\n+0001dc90: 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 sector of the c\n+0001dca0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e 0a20 ore image when. \n+0001dcb0: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d booting from\n+0001dcc0: 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 a hard disk. I\n+0001dcd0: 7420 7265 6164 7320 7468 6520 7265 7374 t reads the rest\n+0001dce0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 of the core ima\n+0001dcf0: 6765 2069 6e74 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 656d ge into. mem\n+0001dd00: 6f72 7920 616e 6420 7374 6172 7473 2074 ory and starts t\n+0001dd10: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5369 6e63 he kernel. Sinc\n+0001dd20: 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6861 e file system ha\n+0001dd30: 6e64 6c69 6e67 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 ndling is not. \n+0001dd40: 2020 2079 6574 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 yet available\n+0001dd50: 2c20 6974 2065 6e63 6f64 6573 2074 6865 , it encodes the\n+0001dd60: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 location of the\n+0001dd70: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7573 696e core image usin\n+0001dd80: 6720 610a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 206c g a. block l\n+0001dd90: 6973 7420 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ist format......\n+0001dda0: 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 cdboot.img.... \n+0001ddb0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 This image is\n+0001ddc0: 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 2066 6972 used as the fir\n+0001ddd0: 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 st sector of the\n+0001dde0: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e core image when\n+0001ddf0: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 . booting fr\n+0001de00: 6f6d 2061 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6472 6976 om a CD-ROM driv\n+0001de10: 652e 2020 4974 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 e. It performs \n+0001de20: 6120 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6675 6e63 7469 a similar functi\n+0001de30: 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6469 on to. ...di\n+0001de40: 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a skboot.img......\n+0001de50: e280 9870 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ...pxeboot.img..\n+0001de60: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 .. This imag\n+0001de70: 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 e is used as the\n+0001de80: 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f start of the co\n+0001de90: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 6e20 626f re image when bo\n+0001dea0: 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 oting from. \n+0001deb0: 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7573 696e the network usin\n+0001dec0: 6720 5058 452e 202a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 g PXE. *Note Net\n+0001ded0: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6c6e 7862 work::......lnxb\n+0001dee0: 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 oot.img.... \n+0001def0: 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 206d 6179 2062 This image may b\n+0001df00: 6520 706c 6163 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 e placed at the \n+0001df10: 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 start of the cor\n+0001df20: 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e 206f 7264 6572 e image in order\n+0001df30: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 4752 to. make GR\n+0001df40: 5542 206c 6f6f 6b20 656e 6f75 6768 206c UB look enough l\n+0001df50: 696b 6520 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e ike a Linux kern\n+0001df60: 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 el that it can b\n+0001df70: 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 e booted by. \n+0001df80: 204c 494c 4f20 7573 696e 6720 616e 20e2 LILO using an .\n+0001df90: 8098 696d 6167 653d e280 9920 7365 6374 ..image=... sect\n+0001dfa0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a e280 986b 6572 6e65 6c2e ion......kernel.\n+0001dfb0: 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 img.... This\n+0001dfc0: 2069 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 image contains \n+0001dfd0: 4752 5542 2773 2062 6173 6963 2072 756e GRUB's basic run\n+0001dfe0: 2d74 696d 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 -time facilities\n+0001dff0: 3a20 6672 616d 6577 6f72 6b73 0a20 2020 : frameworks. \n+0001e000: 2020 666f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 for device and\n+0001e010: 2066 696c 6520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c20 file handling, \n+0001e020: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0001e030: 6162 6c65 732c 2074 6865 2072 6573 6375 ables, the rescu\n+0001e040: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 636f 6d6d e. mode comm\n+0001e050: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2070 6172 7365 722c and-line parser,\n+0001e060: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 and so on. It \n+0001e070: 6973 2072 6172 656c 7920 7573 6564 2064 is rarely used d\n+0001e080: 6972 6563 746c 792c 0a20 2020 2020 6275 irectly,. bu\n+0001e090: 7420 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 t is built into \n+0001e0a0: 616c 6c20 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 732e all core images.\n+0001e0b0: 0a0a e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 .....core.img...\n+0001e0c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7468 . This is th\n+0001e0d0: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 206f 6620 e core image of \n+0001e0e0: 4752 5542 2e20 4974 2069 7320 6275 696c GRUB. It is buil\n+0001e0f0: 7420 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6672 t dynamically fr\n+0001e100: 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e om the. kern\n+0001e110: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 el image and an \n+0001e120: 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 6c69 7374 206f arbitrary list o\n+0001e130: 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6279 2074 6865 f modules by the\n+0001e140: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 ...grub-mkimage\n+0001e150: e280 990a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d .... program\n+0001e160: 2e20 2055 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2063 . Usually, it c\n+0001e170: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 656e 6f75 6768 206d ontains enough m\n+0001e180: 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 odules to access\n+0001e190: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 . .../boot/g\n+0001e1a0: 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 rub..., and load\n+0001e1b0: 7320 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 s everything els\n+0001e1c0: 6520 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206d 656e e (including men\n+0001e1d0: 7520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 u handling,. \n+0001e1e0: 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 the ability to \n+0001e1f0: 6c6f 6164 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f70 6572 load target oper\n+0001e200: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 ating systems, a\n+0001e210: 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2920 6672 6f6d 2074 nd so on) from t\n+0001e220: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 he. file sys\n+0001e230: 7465 6d20 6174 2072 756e 2d74 696d 652e tem at run-time.\n+0001e240: 2020 5468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c61 7220 6465 The modular de\n+0001e250: 7369 676e 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7468 6520 sign allows the \n+0001e260: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 core image. \n+0001e270: 746f 2062 6520 6b65 7074 2073 6d61 6c6c to be kept small\n+0001e280: 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 7468 6520 6172 6561 , since the area\n+0001e290: 7320 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 7768 6572 6520 s of disk where \n+0001e2a0: 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 it must be. \n+0001e2b0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6172 6520 6f66 installed are of\n+0001e2c0: 7465 6e20 6173 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 7320 ten as small as \n+0001e2d0: 3332 4b42 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 32KB... *Not\n+0001e2e0: 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 e BIOS installat\n+0001e2f0: 696f 6e3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 ion::, for detai\n+0001e300: 6c73 206f 6e20 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 ls on where the \n+0001e310: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2063 616e 0a20 core image can. \n+0001e320: 2020 2020 6265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 be installed\n+0001e330: 206f 6e20 5043 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a on PC systems..\n+0001e340: 0ae2 8098 2a2e 6d6f 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 ....*.mod.... \n+0001e350: 2020 4576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 Everything els\n+0001e360: 6520 696e 2047 5255 4220 7265 7369 6465 e in GRUB reside\n+0001e370: 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 s in dynamically\n+0001e380: 206c 6f61 6461 626c 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 loadable module\n+0001e390: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6573 6520 6172 s.. These ar\n+0001e3a0: 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 e often loaded a\n+0001e3b0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 6f72 utomatically, or\n+0001e3c0: 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 built into the \n+0001e3d0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 core image. \n+0001e3e0: 6966 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6573 7365 if they are esse\n+0001e3f0: 6e74 6961 6c2c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2061 ntial, but may a\n+0001e400: 6c73 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d61 lso be loaded ma\n+0001e410: 6e75 616c 6c79 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 nually using the\n+0001e420: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 . ...insmod.\n+0001e430: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 .. command (*not\n+0001e440: 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 292e 0a0a 466f e insmod::)...Fo\n+0001e450: 7220 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 7573 r GRUB Legacy us\n+0001e460: 6572 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ers.============\n+0001e470: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 =========..GRUB \n+0001e480: 3220 6861 7320 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 2 has a differen\n+0001e490: 7420 6465 7369 676e 2066 726f 6d20 4752 t design from GR\n+0001e4a0: 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2061 6e64 2073 UB Legacy, and s\n+0001e4b0: 6f20 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 656e 6365 o correspondence\n+0001e4c0: 730a 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 s.with the image\n+0001e4d0: 7320 6974 2075 7365 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 s it used cannot\n+0001e4e0: 2062 6520 6578 6163 742e 2020 4e65 7665 be exact. Neve\n+0001e4f0: 7274 6865 6c65 7373 2c20 4752 5542 204c rtheless, GRUB L\n+0001e500: 6567 6163 790a 7573 6572 7320 6f66 7465 egacy.users ofte\n+0001e510: 6e20 6173 6b20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 7320 n ask questions \n+0001e520: 696e 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 2074 6865 in the terms the\n+0001e530: 7920 6172 6520 6661 6d69 6c69 6172 2077 y are familiar w\n+0001e540: 6974 682c 2061 6e64 2073 6f0a 6865 7265 ith, and so.here\n+0001e550: 2069 7320 6120 6272 6965 6620 6775 6964 is a brief guid\n+0001e560: 6520 746f 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 3227 e to how GRUB 2'\n+0001e570: 7320 696d 6167 6573 2072 656c 6174 6520 s images relate \n+0001e580: 746f 2074 6861 742e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 to that......sta\n+0001e590: 6765 31e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5374 6167 ge1.... Stag\n+0001e5a0: 6520 3120 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 e 1 from GRUB Le\n+0001e5b0: 6761 6379 2077 6173 2076 6572 7920 7369 gacy was very si\n+0001e5c0: 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 milar to ...boot\n+0001e5d0: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 4220 .img... in GRUB \n+0001e5e0: 322c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6579 2,. and they\n+0001e5f0: 2073 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 serve the same \n+0001e600: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2a5f function......*_\n+0001e610: 7374 6167 6531 5f35 e280 990a 2020 2020 stage1_5.... \n+0001e620: 2049 6e20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c In GRUB Legacy,\n+0001e630: 2053 7461 6765 2031 2e35 2773 2066 756e Stage 1.5's fun\n+0001e640: 6374 696f 6e20 7761 7320 746f 2069 6e63 ction was to inc\n+0001e650: 6c75 6465 2065 6e6f 7567 680a 2020 2020 lude enough. \n+0001e660: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6465 filesystem code\n+0001e670: 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 6d75 to allow the mu\n+0001e680: 6368 206c 6172 6765 7220 5374 6167 6520 ch larger Stage \n+0001e690: 3220 746f 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 2 to be read fro\n+0001e6a0: 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 6469 6e61 m an. ordina\n+0001e6b0: 7279 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 ry filesystem. \n+0001e6c0: 496e 2074 6869 7320 7265 7370 6563 742c In this respect,\n+0001e6d0: 2069 7473 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7761 its function wa\n+0001e6e0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 0a20 2020 s similar to. \n+0001e6f0: 2020 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 ...core.img...\n+0001e700: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2e20 2048 6f77 in GRUB 2. How\n+0001e710: 6576 6572 2c20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d ever, ...core.im\n+0001e720: 67e2 8099 2069 7320 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 g... is much mor\n+0001e730: 6520 6361 7061 626c 650a 2020 2020 2074 e capable. t\n+0001e740: 6861 6e20 5374 6167 6520 312e 3520 7761 han Stage 1.5 wa\n+0001e750: 733b 2073 696e 6365 2069 7420 6f66 6665 s; since it offe\n+0001e760: 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c rs a rescue shel\n+0001e770: 6c2c 2069 7420 6973 2073 6f6d 6574 696d l, it is sometim\n+0001e780: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7373 6962 6c65 es. possible\n+0001e790: 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 7220 6d61 6e75 to recover manu\n+0001e7a0: 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6576 656e ally in the even\n+0001e7b0: 7420 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 2075 6e61 t that it is una\n+0001e7c0: 626c 6520 746f 206c 6f61 640a 2020 2020 ble to load. \n+0001e7d0: 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c any other modul\n+0001e7e0: 6573 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 es, for example \n+0001e7f0: 6966 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d if partition num\n+0001e800: 6265 7273 2068 6176 6520 6368 616e 6765 bers have change\n+0001e810: 642e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f72 652e d.. ...core.\n+0001e820: 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 img... is built \n+0001e830: 696e 2061 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 in a more flexib\n+0001e840: 6c65 2077 6179 2c20 616c 6c6f 7769 6e67 le way, allowing\n+0001e850: 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 GRUB 2 to. \n+0001e860: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 support reading \n+0001e870: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 6476 modules from adv\n+0001e880: 616e 6365 6420 6469 736b 2074 7970 6573 anced disk types\n+0001e890: 2073 7563 6820 6173 204c 564d 2061 6e64 such as LVM and\n+0001e8a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4944 2e0a 0a20 2020 . RAID... \n+0001e8b0: 2020 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 636f GRUB Legacy co\n+0001e8c0: 756c 6420 7275 6e20 7769 7468 206f 6e6c uld run with onl\n+0001e8d0: 7920 5374 6167 6520 3120 616e 6420 5374 y Stage 1 and St\n+0001e8e0: 6167 6520 3220 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6c69 age 2 in some li\n+0001e8f0: 6d69 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 mited. confi\n+0001e900: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6c65 gurations, while\n+0001e910: 2047 5255 4220 3220 7265 7175 6972 6573 GRUB 2 requires\n+0001e920: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...core.img... \n+0001e930: 616e 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b0a and cannot work.\n+0001e940: 2020 2020 2077 6974 686f 7574 2069 742e without it.\n+0001e950: 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 32e2 8099 0a20 .....stage2.... \n+0001e960: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 206e GRUB 2 has n\n+0001e970: 6f20 7369 6e67 6c65 2053 7461 6765 2032 o single Stage 2\n+0001e980: 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 6164 image. Instead\n+0001e990: 2c20 6974 206c 6f61 6473 206d 6f64 756c , it loads modul\n+0001e9a0: 6573 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 es from. ...\n+0001e9b0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9920 6174 /boot/grub... at\n+0001e9c0: 2072 756e 2d74 696d 652e 0a0a e280 9873 run-time......s\n+0001e9d0: 7461 6765 325f 656c 746f 7269 746f e280 tage2_eltorito..\n+0001e9e0: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 .. In GRUB 2\n+0001e9f0: 2c20 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f , images for boo\n+0001ea00: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4344 2d52 4f4d ting from CD-ROM\n+0001ea10: 2064 7269 7665 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 770a drives are now.\n+0001ea20: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 constructed\n+0001ea30: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 using ...cdboot\n+0001ea40: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9863 .img... and ...c\n+0001ea50: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 6d61 6b69 ore.img..., maki\n+0001ea60: 6e67 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 ng sure that the\n+0001ea70: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 . core image\n+0001ea80: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 e280 contains the ..\n+0001ea90: 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 .iso9660... modu\n+0001eaa0: 6c65 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2075 7375 616c le. It is usual\n+0001eab0: 6c79 2062 6573 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ly best to. \n+0001eac0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d use the ...grub-\n+0001ead0: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 mkrescue... prog\n+0001eae0: 7261 6d20 666f 7220 7468 6973 2e0a 0ae2 ram for this....\n+0001eaf0: 8098 6e62 6772 7562 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..nbgrub.... \n+0001eb00: 2054 6865 7265 2069 7320 6173 2079 6574 There is as yet\n+0001eb10: 206e 6f20 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2066 no equivalent f\n+0001eb20: 6f72 20e2 8098 6e62 6772 7562 e280 9920 or ...nbgrub... \n+0001eb30: 696e 2047 5255 4220 323b 2069 7420 7761 in GRUB 2; it wa\n+0001eb40: 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6279 2045 s used. by E\n+0001eb50: 7468 6572 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d therboot and som\n+0001eb60: 6520 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 e other network \n+0001eb70: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2e0a 0ae2 boot loaders....\n+0001eb80: 8098 7078 6567 7275 62e2 8099 0a20 2020 ..pxegrub.... \n+0001eb90: 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 322c 2069 6d61 In GRUB 2, ima\n+0001eba0: 6765 7320 666f 7220 5058 4520 6e65 7477 ges for PXE netw\n+0001ebb0: 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6172 6520 ork booting are \n+0001ebc0: 6e6f 7720 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 6420 now constructed \n+0001ebd0: 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7078 using. ...px\n+0001ebe0: 6562 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 eboot.img... and\n+0001ebf0: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c ...core.img...,\n+0001ec00: 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 6861 making sure tha\n+0001ec10: 7420 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 t the core image\n+0001ec20: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 . contains t\n+0001ec30: 6865 20e2 8098 7078 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 he ...pxe... and\n+0001ec40: 20e2 8098 7078 6563 6d64 e280 9920 6d6f ...pxecmd... mo\n+0001ec50: 6475 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 dules. *Note Ne\n+0001ec60: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n+0001ec70: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0001ec80: 6465 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2e0a 2020 t 1M address.. \n-0001ee60: 20e2 80a2 2073 7061 7263 3634 2d69 6565 ... sparc64-iee\n-0001ee70: 6531 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d e1275: kernel.im\n-0001ee80: 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 g (.text + .data\n-0001ee90: 202b 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c + .bss) + modul\n-0001eea0: 6573 202b 0a20 2020 2020 3235 364b 2028 es +. 256K (\n-0001eeb0: 7374 6163 6b29 202b 2032 4d20 2868 6561 stack) + 2M (hea\n-0001eec0: 7029 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 p) is limited by\n-0001eed0: 2073 7061 6365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 space available\n-0001eee0: 2061 7420 3078 3434 3030 2e0a 2020 2020 at 0x4400.. \n-0001eef0: 204f 6e20 6d6f 7374 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 On most platfor\n-0001ef00: 6d73 2069 7427 7320 6a75 7374 2033 206f ms it's just 3 o\n-0001ef10: 7220 344d 2073 696e 6365 2069 6565 6531 r 4M since ieee1\n-0001ef20: 3237 3520 6d61 7073 206f 6e6c 7920 736f 275 maps only so\n-0001ef30: 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 6368 2e0a 2020 20e2 . much.. .\n-0001ef40: 80a2 2069 3338 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(core.\n-0001f070: 696d 6720 776f 756c 6420 6265 206c 696d img would be lim\n-0001f080: 6974 6564 2062 7920 524f 4d20 7369 7a65 ited by ROM size\n-0001f090: 2062 7574 2069 7427 7320 756e 6c69 6d69 but it's unlimi\n-0001f0a0: 7465 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e20 7165 6d75 ted. on qemu\n-0001f0b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 416c 6c20 4546 4920 . ... All EFI \n-0001f0c0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 733a 206c 696d 6974 platforms: limit\n-0001f0d0: 6564 2062 7920 636f 6e74 6967 756f 7573 ed by contiguous\n-0001f0e0: 2052 414d 2073 697a 6520 616e 6420 706f RAM size and po\n-0001f0f0: 7373 6962 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6669 726d ssibly. firm\n-0001f100: 7761 7265 2062 7567 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 ware bugs. ...\n-0001f110: 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 6d75 Coreboot and mu\n-0001f120: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742e 2020 6b65 726e 656c ltiboot. kernel\n-0001f130: 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 .img (.text + .d\n-0001f140: 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 6973 0a20 ata + .bss) is. \n-0001f150: 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2033 limited by 3\n-0001f160: 3932 3730 3420 6279 7465 732e 2020 6d6f 92704 bytes. mo\n-0001f170: 6475 6c65 2073 697a 6520 6973 206c 696d dule size is lim\n-0001f180: 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7369 7a65 ited by the size\n-0001f190: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 of. contigu\n-0001f1a0: 6f75 7320 6368 756e 6b20 6174 2031 4d20 ous chunk at 1M \n-0001f1b0: 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 address.. ... \n-0001f1c0: 6d69 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 mipsel-loongson \n-0001f1d0: 2845 4c46 292c 206d 6970 7328 656c 292d (ELF), mips(el)-\n-0001f1e0: 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 2845 4c46 293a qemu_mips (ELF):\n-0001f1f0: 2069 6620 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 if uncompressed\n-0001f200: 3a0a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d :. kernel.im\n-0001f210: 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 g (.text + .data\n-0001f220: 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 206c ) + modules is l\n-0001f230: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 imited by the sp\n-0001f240: 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 3830 ace from. 80\n-0001f250: 3230 3030 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 2069 200000 forward i\n-0001f260: 6620 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 3a20 6b65 f compressed: ke\n-0001f270: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 rnel.img (.text \n-0001f280: 2b20 2e64 6174 612c 0a20 2020 2020 756e + .data,. un\n-0001f290: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 6d6f compressed) + mo\n-0001f2a0: 6475 6c65 7320 2875 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 dules (uncompres\n-0001f2b0: 7365 6429 202b 2028 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 sed) + (modules \n-0001f2c0: 2b20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 0a20 2020 + kernel.img. \n-0001f2d0: 2020 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 (.text + .data\n-0001f2e0: 2929 2028 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 )) (compressed) \n-0001f2f0: 2b20 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 2069 + decompressor i\n-0001f300: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 s limited by the\n-0001f310: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d . space from\n-0001f320: 2038 3032 3030 3030 3020 666f 7277 6172 80200000 forwar\n-0001f330: 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 7365 6c2d d. ... mipsel-\n-0001f340: 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 466c 6173 6829 loongson (Flash)\n-0001f350: 2c20 6d69 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 656d 755f , mips(el)-qemu_\n-0001f360: 6d69 7073 2028 466c 6173 6829 3a20 6b65 mips (Flash): ke\n-0001f370: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 0a20 2020 2020 282e rnel.img. (.\n-0001f380: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2920 2b20 text + .data) + \n-0001f390: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 206c 696d 6974 modules is limit\n-0001f3a0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 ed by the space \n-0001f3b0: 6672 6f6d 2038 3032 3030 3030 300a 2020 from 80200000. \n-0001f3c0: 2020 2066 6f72 7761 7264 2063 6f72 652e forward core.\n-0001f3d0: 696d 6720 2866 696e 616c 2920 6973 206c img (final) is l\n-0001f3e0: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 666c 6173 6820 imited by flash \n-0001f3f0: 7369 7a65 2028 3531 324b 206f 6e20 7965 size (512K on ye\n-0001f400: 656c 6f6f 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 eloong. and \n-0001f410: 6675 6c6f 6f6f 6e67 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 fulooong). ...\n-0001f420: 206d 6970 732d 6172 633a 2069 6620 756e mips-arc: if un\n-0001f430: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 3a20 6b65 726e compressed: kern\n-0001f440: 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 el.img (.text + \n-0001f450: 2e64 6174 6129 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 .data) is limite\n-0001f460: 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7370 d by. the sp\n-0001f470: 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 6264 3030 3030 ace from 8bd0000\n-0001f480: 3020 666f 7277 6172 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 0 forward module\n-0001f490: 7320 2b20 6475 6d6d 7920 6465 636f 6d70 s + dummy decomp\n-0001f4a0: 7265 7373 6f72 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c ressor is. l\n-0001f4b0: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 imited by the sp\n-0001f4c0: 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 6264 3030 3030 ace from 8bd0000\n-0001f4d0: 3020 6261 636b 7761 7264 2069 6620 636f 0 backward if co\n-0001f4e0: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 3a0a 2020 2020 206b mpressed:. k\n-0001f4f0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 ernel.img (.text\n-0001f500: 202b 202e 6461 7461 2c20 756e 636f 6d70 + .data, uncomp\n-0001f510: 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 ressed) is limit\n-0001f520: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 650a ed by the space.\n-0001f530: 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d20 3862 6430 3030 from 8bd000\n-0001f540: 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 206d 6f64 756c 00 forward modul\n-0001f550: 6573 2028 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 es (uncompressed\n-0001f560: 2920 2b20 286d 6f64 756c 6573 202b 0a20 ) + (modules +. \n-0001f570: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 kernel.img (\n-0001f580: 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 2920 .text + .data)) \n-0001f590: 2863 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 642c 2061 6c69 (compressed, ali\n-0001f5a0: 676e 6564 2074 6f20 314d 2920 2b20 314d gned to 1M) + 1M\n-0001f5b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2864 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 . (decompres\n-0001f5c0: 736f 7220 2b20 7363 7261 7463 6820 7370 sor + scratch sp\n-0001f5d0: 6163 6529 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 ace) is limited \n-0001f5e0: 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f by the space fro\n-0001f5f0: 6d0a 2020 2020 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 m. 8bd00000 \n-0001f600: 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 e280 a220 backward. ... \n-0001f610: 706f 7765 7270 632d 6965 6565 3132 3735 powerpc-ieee1275\n-0001f620: 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 : kernel.img (.t\n-0001f630: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 ext + .data + .b\n-0001f640: 7373 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 ss) + modules is\n-0001f650: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 . limited by\n-0001f660: 2073 7061 6365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 space available\n-0001f670: 2061 7420 3078 3230 3030 3030 0a0a 1f0a at 0x200000....\n-0001f680: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0001f690: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 Node: Filesyst\n-0001f6a0: 656d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 6572 em, Next: Inter\n-0001f6b0: 6661 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f72 face, Prev: Cor\n-0001f6c0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d e image size lim\n-0001f6d0: 6974 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f itation, Up: To\n-0001f6e0: 700a 0a31 3320 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d p..13 Filesystem\n-0001f6f0: 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 syntax and sema\n-0001f700: 6e74 6963 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ntics.**********\n+0001ed00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a48 6561 7669 6c79 *******..Heavily\n+0001ed10: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 limited platfor\n+0001ed20: 6d73 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d ms:. ... i386-\n+0001ed30: 7063 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 2061 6e64 2050 pc (normal and P\n+0001ed40: 5845 293a 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d XE): the core im\n+0001ed50: 6167 6520 7369 7a65 2028 636f 6d70 7265 age size (compre\n+0001ed60: 7373 6564 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 ssed) is. li\n+0001ed70: 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2034 3538 3234 3020 mited by 458240 \n+0001ed80: 6279 7465 732e 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 bytes. kernel.i\n+0001ed90: 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 mg (.text + .dat\n+0001eda0: 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 a + .bss,. u\n+0001edb0: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 7320 ncompressed) is \n+0001edc0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2033 3932 3730 limited by 39270\n+0001edd0: 3420 6279 7465 732e 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 4 bytes. module\n+0001ede0: 2073 697a 650a 2020 2020 2028 756e 636f size. (unco\n+0001edf0: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 6b65 726e mpressed) + kern\n+0001ee00: 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 el.img (.text + \n+0001ee10: 2e64 6174 612c 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 .data, uncompres\n+0001ee20: 7365 6429 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d sed) is. lim\n+0001ee30: 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7369 7a65 ited by the size\n+0001ee40: 206f 6620 636f 6e74 6967 756f 7573 2063 of contiguous c\n+0001ee50: 6875 6e6b 2061 7420 314d 2061 6464 7265 hunk at 1M addre\n+0001ee60: 7373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2073 7061 7263 ss.. ... sparc\n+0001ee70: 3634 2d69 6565 6531 3237 353a 206b 6572 64-ieee1275: ker\n+0001ee80: 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b nel.img (.text +\n+0001ee90: 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 7329 202b .data + .bss) +\n+0001eea0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 202b 0a20 2020 2020 modules +. \n+0001eeb0: 3235 364b 2028 7374 6163 6b29 202b 2032 256K (stack) + 2\n+0001eec0: 4d20 2868 6561 7029 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 M (heap) is limi\n+0001eed0: 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 2061 7661 ted by space ava\n+0001eee0: 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 3078 3434 3030 ilable at 0x4400\n+0001eef0: 2e0a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 6d6f 7374 2070 .. On most p\n+0001ef00: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 7427 7320 6a75 latforms it's ju\n+0001ef10: 7374 2033 206f 7220 344d 2073 696e 6365 st 3 or 4M since\n+0001ef20: 2069 6565 6531 3237 3520 6d61 7073 206f ieee1275 maps o\n+0001ef30: 6e6c 7920 736f 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 6368 nly so. much\n+0001ef40: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 6965 .. ... i386-ie\n+0001ef50: 6565 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 ee1275: kernel.i\n+0001ef60: 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 mg (.text + .dat\n+0001ef70: 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 a + .bss) + modu\n+0001ef80: 6c65 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 les is. limi\n+0001ef90: 7465 6420 6279 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6176 ted by memory av\n+0001efa0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 7831 3030 ailable at 0x100\n+0001efb0: 3030 2c20 6174 206d 6f73 7420 3539 364b 00, at most 596K\n+0001efc0: 0a0a 2020 204c 6967 6874 6c79 206c 696d .. Lightly lim\n+0001efd0: 6974 6564 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3a0a ited platforms:.\n+0001efe0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2a2d 7865 6e3a 206c . ... *-xen: l\n+0001eff0: 696d 6974 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 6279 2061 imited only by a\n+0001f000: 6472 6573 7320 7370 6163 6520 616e 6420 dress space and \n+0001f010: 5241 4d20 7369 7a65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 RAM size.. ...\n+0001f020: 2069 3338 362d 7165 6d75 3a20 6b65 726e i386-qemu: kern\n+0001f030: 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 el.img (.text + \n+0001f040: 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 6973 .data + .bss) is\n+0001f050: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 3237 limited by 3927\n+0001f060: 3034 0a20 2020 2020 6279 7465 732e 2020 04. bytes. \n+0001f070: 2863 6f72 652e 696d 6720 776f 756c 6420 (core.img would \n+0001f080: 6265 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 524f be limited by RO\n+0001f090: 4d20 7369 7a65 2062 7574 2069 7427 7320 M size but it's \n+0001f0a0: 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 2020 2020 206f unlimited. o\n+0001f0b0: 6e20 7165 6d75 0a20 2020 e280 a220 416c n qemu. ... Al\n+0001f0c0: 6c20 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 733a l EFI platforms:\n+0001f0d0: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 636f 6e74 limited by cont\n+0001f0e0: 6967 756f 7573 2052 414d 2073 697a 6520 iguous RAM size \n+0001f0f0: 616e 6420 706f 7373 6962 6c79 0a20 2020 and possibly. \n+0001f100: 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 2062 7567 730a firmware bugs.\n+0001f110: 2020 20e2 80a2 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 ... Coreboot \n+0001f120: 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742e 2020 and multiboot. \n+0001f130: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 kernel.img (.tex\n+0001f140: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 t + .data + .bss\n+0001f150: 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 ) is. limite\n+0001f160: 6420 6279 2033 3932 3730 3420 6279 7465 d by 392704 byte\n+0001f170: 732e 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 697a 6520 s. module size \n+0001f180: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 is limited by th\n+0001f190: 6520 7369 7a65 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 e size of. c\n+0001f1a0: 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 7320 6368 756e 6b20 ontiguous chunk \n+0001f1b0: 6174 2031 4d20 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a20 at 1M address.. \n+0001f1c0: 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f ... mipsel-loo\n+0001f1d0: 6e67 736f 6e20 2845 4c46 292c 206d 6970 ngson (ELF), mip\n+0001f1e0: 7328 656c 292d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 s(el)-qemu_mips \n+0001f1f0: 2845 4c46 293a 2069 6620 756e 636f 6d70 (ELF): if uncomp\n+0001f200: 7265 7373 6564 3a0a 2020 2020 206b 6572 ressed:. ker\n+0001f210: 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b nel.img (.text +\n+0001f220: 202e 6461 7461 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 .data) + module\n+0001f230: 7320 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 s is limited by \n+0001f240: 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 0a20 the space from. \n+0001f250: 2020 2020 3830 3230 3030 3030 2066 6f72 80200000 for\n+0001f260: 7761 7264 2069 6620 636f 6d70 7265 7373 ward if compress\n+0001f270: 6564 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 ed: kernel.img (\n+0001f280: 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 612c 0a20 .text + .data,. \n+0001f290: 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 uncompressed\n+0001f2a0: 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2875 6e63 ) + modules (unc\n+0001f2b0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 2028 6d6f ompressed) + (mo\n+0001f2c0: 6475 6c65 7320 2b20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 dules + kernel.i\n+0001f2d0: 6d67 0a20 2020 2020 282e 7465 7874 202b mg. (.text +\n+0001f2e0: 202e 6461 7461 2929 2028 636f 6d70 7265 .data)) (compre\n+0001f2f0: 7373 6564 2920 2b20 6465 636f 6d70 7265 ssed) + decompre\n+0001f300: 7373 6f72 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 ssor is limited \n+0001f310: 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6163 by the. spac\n+0001f320: 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 3032 3030 3030 3020 e from 80200000 \n+0001f330: 666f 7277 6172 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d forward. ... m\n+0001f340: 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 ipsel-loongson (\n+0001f350: 466c 6173 6829 2c20 6d69 7073 2865 6c29 Flash), mips(el)\n+0001f360: 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2028 466c 6173 -qemu_mips (Flas\n+0001f370: 6829 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 0a20 h): kernel.img. \n+0001f380: 2020 2020 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 (.text + .da\n+0001f390: 7461 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 ta) + modules is\n+0001f3a0: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 limited by the \n+0001f3b0: 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 3032 3030 space from 80200\n+0001f3c0: 3030 300a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 7761 7264 000. forward\n+0001f3d0: 2063 6f72 652e 696d 6720 2866 696e 616c core.img (final\n+0001f3e0: 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 ) is limited by \n+0001f3f0: 666c 6173 6820 7369 7a65 2028 3531 324b flash size (512K\n+0001f400: 206f 6e20 7965 656c 6f6f 6e67 0a20 2020 on yeeloong. \n+0001f410: 2020 616e 6420 6675 6c6f 6f6f 6e67 290a and fulooong).\n+0001f420: 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 732d 6172 633a ... mips-arc:\n+0001f430: 2069 6620 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 if uncompressed\n+0001f440: 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 : kernel.img (.t\n+0001f450: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 2069 7320 ext + .data) is \n+0001f460: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 limited by. \n+0001f470: 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 the space from 8\n+0001f480: 6264 3030 3030 3020 666f 7277 6172 6420 bd00000 forward \n+0001f490: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b20 6475 6d6d 7920 modules + dummy \n+0001f4a0: 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 2069 730a decompressor is.\n+0001f4b0: 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 limited by \n+0001f4c0: 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 the space from 8\n+0001f4d0: 6264 3030 3030 3020 6261 636b 7761 7264 bd00000 backward\n+0001f4e0: 2069 6620 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 3a0a if compressed:.\n+0001f4f0: 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 kernel.img \n+0001f500: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2c20 (.text + .data, \n+0001f510: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 uncompressed) is\n+0001f520: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 limited by the \n+0001f530: 7370 6163 650a 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d20 space. from \n+0001f540: 3862 6430 3030 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 8bd00000 forward\n+0001f550: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 756e 636f 6d70 modules (uncomp\n+0001f560: 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 286d 6f64 756c ressed) + (modul\n+0001f570: 6573 202b 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c es +. kernel\n+0001f580: 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 .img (.text + .d\n+0001f590: 6174 6129 2920 2863 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 ata)) (compresse\n+0001f5a0: 642c 2061 6c69 676e 6564 2074 6f20 314d d, aligned to 1M\n+0001f5b0: 2920 2b20 314d 0a20 2020 2020 2864 6563 ) + 1M. (dec\n+0001f5c0: 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 7220 2b20 7363 7261 ompressor + scra\n+0001f5d0: 7463 6820 7370 6163 6529 2069 7320 6c69 tch space) is li\n+0001f5e0: 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 mited by the spa\n+0001f5f0: 6365 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2038 6264 ce from. 8bd\n+0001f600: 3030 3030 3020 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 00000 backward. \n+0001f610: 2020 e280 a220 706f 7765 7270 632d 6965 ... powerpc-ie\n+0001f620: 6565 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 ee1275: kernel.i\n+0001f630: 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 mg (.text + .dat\n+0001f640: 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 a + .bss) + modu\n+0001f650: 6c65 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 les is. limi\n+0001f660: 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 2061 7661 ted by space ava\n+0001f670: 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 3078 3230 3030 ilable at 0x2000\n+0001f680: 3030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 00....File: grub\n+0001f690: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 .info, Node: Fi\n+0001f6a0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 204e 6578 743a lesystem, Next:\n+0001f6b0: 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2050 7265 Interface, Pre\n+0001f6c0: 763a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 v: Core image si\n+0001f6d0: 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 ze limitation, \n+0001f6e0: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3320 4669 6c65 Up: Top..13 File\n+0001f6f0: 7379 7374 656d 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e system syntax an\n+0001f700: 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 730a 2a2a 2a2a d semantics.****\n 0001f710: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001f720: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 ********..GRUB u\n-0001f730: 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7379 ses a special sy\n-0001f740: 6e74 6178 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6679 ntax for specify\n-0001f750: 696e 6720 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 ing disk drives \n-0001f760: 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 0a61 6363 which can be.acc\n-0001f770: 6573 7365 6420 6279 2042 494f 532e 2042 essed by BIOS. B\n-0001f780: 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 4249 4f53 206c ecause of BIOS l\n-0001f790: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 4752 5542 imitations, GRUB\n-0001f7a0: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6469 7374 696e 6775 cannot distingu\n-0001f7b0: 6973 680a 6265 7477 6565 6e20 4944 452c ish.between IDE,\n-0001f7c0: 2045 5344 492c 2053 4353 492c 206f 7220 ESDI, SCSI, or \n-0001f7d0: 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 others. You mus\n-0001f7e0: 7420 6b6e 6f77 2079 6f75 7273 656c 6620 t know yourself \n-0001f7f0: 7768 6963 6820 4249 4f53 0a64 6576 6963 which BIOS.devic\n-0001f800: 6520 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 e is equivalent \n-0001f810: 746f 2077 6869 6368 204f 5320 6465 7669 to which OS devi\n-0001f820: 6365 2e20 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 ce. Normally, t\n-0001f830: 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636c 6561 hat will be clea\n-0001f840: 720a 6966 2079 6f75 2073 6565 2074 6865 r.if you see the\n-0001f850: 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6465 7669 files in a devi\n-0001f860: 6365 206f 7220 7573 6520 7468 6520 636f ce or use the co\n-0001f870: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 mmand ...search.\n-0001f880: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 7365 6172 6368 .. (*note.search\n-0001f890: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ::)...* Menu:..*\n-0001f8a0: 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a Device syntax::\n-0001f8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 H\n-0001f8c0: 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 ow to specify de\n-0001f8d0: 7669 6365 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d vices.* File nam\n-0001f8e0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 e syntax:: \n-0001f8f0: 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 How to spe\n-0001f900: 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2042 6c6f cify files.* Blo\n-0001f910: 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a ck list syntax::\n-0001f920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 How t\n-0001f930: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 o specify block \n-0001f940: 6c69 7374 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 lists....File: g\n-0001f950: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0001f960: 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 Device syntax, \n-0001f970: 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 Next: File name\n-0001f980: 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4669 syntax, Up: Fi\n-0001f990: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 2e31 2048 lesystem..13.1 H\n-0001f9a0: 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 ow to specify de\n-0001f9b0: 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d vices.==========\n+0001f720: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+0001f730: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 GRUB uses a spec\n+0001f740: 6961 6c20 7379 6e74 6178 2066 6f72 2073 ial syntax for s\n+0001f750: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6469 736b 2064 pecifying disk d\n+0001f760: 7269 7665 7320 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 rives which can \n+0001f770: 6265 0a61 6363 6573 7365 6420 6279 2042 be.accessed by B\n+0001f780: 494f 532e 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 IOS. Because of \n+0001f790: 4249 4f53 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 BIOS limitations\n+0001f7a0: 2c20 4752 5542 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6469 , GRUB cannot di\n+0001f7b0: 7374 696e 6775 6973 680a 6265 7477 6565 stinguish.betwee\n+0001f7c0: 6e20 4944 452c 2045 5344 492c 2053 4353 n IDE, ESDI, SCS\n+0001f7d0: 492c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2059 I, or others. Y\n+0001f7e0: 6f75 206d 7573 7420 6b6e 6f77 2079 6f75 ou must know you\n+0001f7f0: 7273 656c 6620 7768 6963 6820 4249 4f53 rself which BIOS\n+0001f800: 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6973 2065 7175 6976 .device is equiv\n+0001f810: 616c 656e 7420 746f 2077 6869 6368 204f alent to which O\n+0001f820: 5320 6465 7669 6365 2e20 204e 6f72 6d61 S device. Norma\n+0001f830: 6c6c 792c 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 lly, that will b\n+0001f840: 6520 636c 6561 720a 6966 2079 6f75 2073 e clear.if you s\n+0001f850: 6565 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 ee the files in \n+0001f860: 6120 6465 7669 6365 206f 7220 7573 6520 a device or use \n+0001f870: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 the command ...s\n+0001f880: 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a earch... (*note.\n+0001f890: 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 search::)...* Me\n+0001f8a0: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 nu:..* Device sy\n+0001f8b0: 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ntax:: \n+0001f8c0: 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 How to spec\n+0001f8d0: 6966 7920 6465 7669 6365 730a 2a20 4669 ify devices.* Fi\n+0001f8e0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a le name syntax::\n+0001f8f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 How \n+0001f900: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 to specify files\n+0001f910: 0a2a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 .* Block list sy\n+0001f920: 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ntax:: \n+0001f930: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 How to specify \n+0001f940: 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 730a 0a1f 0a46 block lists....F\n+0001f950: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0001f960: 204e 6f64 653a 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 Node: Device sy\n+0001f970: 6e74 6178 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c ntax, Next: Fil\n+0001f980: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 e name syntax, \n+0001f990: 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a Up: Filesystem..\n+0001f9a0: 3133 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 13.1 How to spec\n+0001f9b0: 6966 7920 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d ify devices.====\n 0001f9c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001f9d0: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 =..The device sy\n-0001f9e0: 6e74 6178 2069 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 ntax is like thi\n-0001f9f0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 s:.. (DEVICE\n-0001fa00: 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 3150 [,PARTMAP-NAME1P\n-0001fa10: 4152 542d 4e55 4d31 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 ART-NUM1[,PARTMA\n-0001fa20: 502d 4e41 4d45 3250 4152 542d 4e55 4d32 P-NAME2PART-NUM2\n-0001fa30: 5b2c 2e2e 2e5d 5d5d 290a 0a20 2020 e280 [,...]]]).. ..\n-0001fa40: 985b 5de2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 .[]... means the\n-0001fa50: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2069 7320 6f70 parameter is op\n-0001fa60: 7469 6f6e 616c 2e20 2044 4556 4943 4520 tional. DEVICE \n-0001fa70: 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 depends on the d\n-0001fa80: 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 6572 2069 6e20 7573 isk.driver in us\n-0001fa90: 652e 2020 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 e. BIOS and EFI\n-0001faa0: 2064 6973 6b73 2075 7365 2065 6974 6865 disks use eithe\n-0001fab0: 7220 e280 9866 64e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 r ...fd... or ..\n-0001fac0: 9868 64e2 8099 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 .hd... followed \n-0001fad0: 6279 2061 0a64 6967 6974 2c20 6c69 6b65 by a.digit, like\n-0001fae0: 20e2 8098 6664 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 ...fd0..., or .\n-0001faf0: 8098 6364 e280 992e 2020 4148 4349 2c20 ..cd.... AHCI, \n-0001fb00: 5041 5441 2028 6174 6129 2c20 6372 7970 PATA (ata), cryp\n-0001fb10: 746f 2c20 5553 4220 7573 6520 7468 6520 to, USB use the \n-0001fb20: 6e61 6d65 0a6f 6620 6472 6976 6572 2066 name.of driver f\n-0001fb30: 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 206e 756d ollowed by a num\n-0001fb40: 6265 722e 2020 4d65 6d64 6973 6b20 616e ber. Memdisk an\n-0001fb50: 6420 686f 7374 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 d host are limit\n-0001fb60: 6564 2074 6f20 6f6e 650a 6469 736b 2061 ed to one.disk a\n-0001fb70: 6e64 2073 6f20 6974 2773 2072 6566 6572 nd so it's refer\n-0001fb80: 6564 206a 7573 7420 6279 2064 7269 7665 ed just by drive\n-0001fb90: 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 2052 4149 4420 286d r name. RAID (m\n-0001fba0: 6429 2c20 6f66 6469 736b 0a28 6965 6565 d), ofdisk.(ieee\n-0001fbb0: 3132 3735 2061 6e64 206e 616e 6429 2c20 1275 and nand), \n-0001fbc0: 4c56 4d20 286c 766d 292c 204c 444d 2c20 LVM (lvm), LDM, \n-0001fbd0: 7669 7274 696f 2028 7664 736b 2920 616e virtio (vdsk) an\n-0001fbe0: 6420 6172 6364 6973 6b20 2861 7263 2920 d arcdisk (arc) \n-0001fbf0: 7573 650a 696e 7472 696e 7369 6320 6e61 use.intrinsic na\n-0001fc00: 6d65 206f 6620 6469 736b 2070 7265 6669 me of disk prefi\n-0001fc10: 7865 6420 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 xed by driver na\n-0001fc20: 6d65 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c me. Additionall\n-0001fc30: 7920 6a75 7374 0a22 6e61 6e64 2220 7265 y just.\"nand\" re\n-0001fc40: 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6469 736b fers to the disk\n-0001fc50: 2061 6c69 6173 6564 2061 7320 226e 616e aliased as \"nan\n-0001fc60: 6422 2e20 2043 6f6e 666c 6963 7473 2061 d\". Conflicts a\n-0001fc70: 7265 2073 6f6c 7665 6420 6279 0a73 7566 re solved by.suf\n-0001fc80: 6669 7869 6e67 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 fixing a number \n-0001fc90: 6966 206e 6563 6573 7361 7272 792e 2020 if necessarry. \n-0001fca0: 436f 6d6d 6173 206e 6565 6420 746f 2062 Commas need to b\n-0001fcb0: 6520 6573 6361 7065 642e 2020 4c6f 6f70 e escaped. Loop\n-0001fcc0: 6261 636b 0a75 7365 7320 7768 6174 6576 back.uses whatev\n-0001fcd0: 6572 206e 616d 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 er name specifie\n-0001fce0: 6420 746f 20e2 8098 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b d to ...loopback\n-0001fcf0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 486f ... command. Ho\n-0001fd00: 7374 6469 736b 2075 7365 7320 6e61 6d65 stdisk uses name\n-0001fd10: 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2064 s.specified in d\n-0001fd20: 6576 6963 652e 6d61 7020 6173 206c 6f6e evice.map as lon\n-0001fd30: 6720 6173 2069 7427 7320 6f66 2074 6865 g as it's of the\n-0001fd40: 2066 6f72 6d20 5b66 6863 5d64 5b30 2d39 form [fhc]d[0-9\n-0001fd50: 5d2a 206f 720a 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f3c ]* or.hostdisk/<\n-0001fd60: 4f53 2044 4556 4943 453e 2e20 2046 6f72 OS DEVICE>. For\n-0001fd70: 2063 7279 7074 6f20 616e 6420 5241 4944 crypto and RAID\n-0001fd80: 2028 6d64 2920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c (md) additional\n-0001fd90: 6c79 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 ly you can use.t\n-0001fda0: 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 3c64 7269 7665 he syntax uuid/. For LVM add\n-0001fdd0: 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 itionally you ca\n-0001fde0: 6e20 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 n use.the syntax\n-0001fdf0: 206c 766d 6964 2f3c 766f 6c75 6d65 2d67 lvmid//... \n-0001fe20: 2866 6430 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 3029 (fd0). (hd0)\n-0001fe30: 0a20 2020 2020 2863 6429 0a20 2020 2020 . (cd). \n-0001fe40: 2861 6863 6930 290a 2020 2020 2028 6174 (ahci0). (at\n-0001fe50: 6130 290a 2020 2020 2028 6372 7970 746f a0). (crypto\n-0001fe60: 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2875 7362 3029 0a20 0). (usb0). \n-0001fe70: 2020 2020 2863 7279 7074 6f75 7569 642f (cryptouuid/\n-0001fe80: 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 123456789abcdef0\n-0001fe90: 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 123456789abcdef0\n-0001fea0: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d64 7575 6964 2f31 ). (mduuid/1\n-0001feb0: 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 3031 23456789abcdef01\n-0001fec0: 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 3029 23456789abcdef0)\n-0001fed0: 0a20 2020 2020 286c 766d 2f73 7973 7465 . (lvm/syste\n-0001fee0: 6d2d 726f 6f74 290a 2020 2020 2028 6c76 m-root). (lv\n-0001fef0: 6d69 642f 4631 696b 6744 2d32 5245 532d mid/F1ikgD-2RES-\n-0001ff00: 3330 3647 2d69 6c39 4d2d 3769 7761 2d34 306G-il9M-7iwa-4\n-0001ff10: 4e4b 572d 4562 5631 4e56 2f65 4c47 7543 NKW-EbV1NV/eLGuC\n-0001ff20: 512d 4c34 4b61 2d58 5567 522d 736a 744a Q-L4Ka-XUgR-sjtJ\n-0001ff30: 2d66 6663 682d 6261 6a72 2d66 434e 667a -ffch-bajr-fCNfz\n-0001ff40: 3529 0a20 2020 2020 286d 642f 6d79 7261 5). (md/myra\n-0001ff50: 6964 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d64 2f30 290a id). (md/0).\n-0001ff60: 2020 2020 2028 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f64 (ieee1275/d\n-0001ff70: 6973 6b32 290a 2020 2020 2028 6965 6565 isk2). (ieee\n-0001ff80: 3132 3735 2f2f 7063 6940 3166 5c2c 302f 1275//pci@1f\\,0/\n-0001ff90: 6964 6540 642f 6469 736b 4032 290a 2020 ide@d/disk@2). \n-0001ffa0: 2020 2028 6e61 6e64 290a 2020 2020 2028 (nand). (\n-0001ffb0: 6d65 6d64 6973 6b29 0a20 2020 2020 2868 memdisk). (h\n-0001ffc0: 6f73 7429 0a20 2020 2020 286d 796c 6f6f ost). (myloo\n-0001ffd0: 7029 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6f73 7464 6973 p). (hostdis\n-0001ffe0: 6b2f 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 290a 0a20 2020 k//dev/sda).. \n-0001fff0: 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 2072 6570 7265 7365 PART-NUM represe\n-00020000: 6e74 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f nts the partitio\n-00020010: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4445 5649 n number of DEVI\n-00020020: 4345 2c20 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f CE, starting fro\n-00020030: 6d0a 6f6e 652e 2020 5041 5254 4e41 4d45 m.one. PARTNAME\n-00020040: 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2062 7574 is optional but\n-00020050: 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 is recommended \n-00020060: 7369 6e63 6520 6469 736b 206d 6179 2068 since disk may h\n-00020070: 6176 650a 7365 7665 7261 6c20 746f 702d ave.several top-\n-00020080: 6c65 7665 6c20 7061 7274 6d61 7073 2e20 level partmaps. \n-00020090: 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6972 Specifying thir\n-000200a0: 6420 616e 6420 6c61 7465 7220 636f 6d70 d and later comp\n-000200b0: 6f6e 656e 7420 796f 750a 6361 6e20 6163 onent you.can ac\n-000200c0: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7375 6270 6172 7469 cess to subparti\n-000200d0: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2073 tions... The s\n-000200e0: 796e 7461 7820 e280 9828 6864 3029 e280 yntax ...(hd0)..\n-000200f0: 9920 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2075 7369 . represents usi\n-00020100: 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6469 ng the entire di\n-00020110: 736b 2028 6f72 2074 6865 204d 4252 2077 sk (or the MBR w\n-00020120: 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 hen.installing G\n-00020130: 5255 4229 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 RUB), while the \n-00020140: 7379 6e74 6178 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 syntax ...(hd0,1\n-00020150: 29e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 )... represents \n-00020160: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a using the first.\n-00020170: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 partition of the\n-00020180: 2064 6973 6b20 286f 7220 7468 6520 626f disk (or the bo\n-00020190: 6f74 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 ot sector of the\n-000201a0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 6e0a partition when.\n-000201b0: 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4229 installing GRUB)\n-000201c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 ... (hd0,msd\n-000201d0: 6f73 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d os1). (hd0,m\n-000201e0: 7364 6f73 312c 6d73 646f 7335 290a 2020 sdos1,msdos5). \n-000201f0: 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 (hd0,msdos1,b\n-00020200: 7364 3329 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6e sd3). (hd0,n\n-00020210: 6574 6273 6431 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 etbsd1). (hd\n-00020220: 302c 6770 7431 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 0,gpt1). (hd\n-00020230: 302c 312c 3329 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 0,1,3).. If yo\n-00020240: 7520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 7468 6520 6e65 u enabled the ne\n-00020250: 7477 6f72 6b20 7375 7070 6f72 742c 2074 twork support, t\n-00020260: 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 he special drive\n-00020270: 730a e280 9828 5052 4f54 4f43 4f4c 5b2c s....(PROTOCOL[,\n-00020280: 5345 5256 4552 5d29 e280 9920 6172 6520 SERVER])... are \n-00020290: 616c 736f 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 also available. \n-000202a0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2070 726f 746f Supported proto\n-000202b0: 636f 6c73 2061 7265 0ae2 8098 6874 7470 cols are....http\n-000202c0: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9874 6674 70e2 ... and ...tftp.\n-000202d0: 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5345 5256 4552 2069 ... If SERVER i\n-000202e0: 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2076 616c 7565 s omitted, value\n-000202f0: 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 of environment \n-00020300: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f variable....net_\n-00020310: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 default_server..\n-00020320: 9920 6973 2075 7365 642e 2020 4265 666f . is used. Befo\n-00020330: 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206e 6574 re using the net\n-00020340: 776f 726b 2064 7269 7665 2c20 796f 7520 work drive, you \n-00020350: 6d75 7374 0a69 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 must.initialize \n-00020360: 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 2a4e the network. *N\n-00020370: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2c 2066 ote Network::, f\n-00020380: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more informat\n-00020390: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 ion... When us\n-000203a0: 696e 6720 e280 9868 7474 70e2 8099 206f ing ...http... o\n-000203b0: 7220 e280 9874 6674 70e2 8099 2c20 706f r ...tftp..., po\n-000203c0: 7274 7320 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e 20e2 rts other than .\n-000203d0: 8098 3830 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2073 ..80... can be s\n-000203e0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a75 7369 6e67 2061 pecified.using a\n-000203f0: 2063 6f6c 6f6e 2028 e280 983a e280 9929 colon (...:...)\n-00020400: 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 after the addre\n-00020410: 7373 2e20 2054 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7061 ss. To avoid pa\n-00020420: 7273 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6c69 6374 732c rsing conflicts,\n-00020430: 2077 6865 6e0a 7573 696e 6720 4950 7636 when.using IPv6\n-00020440: 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2077 6974 6820 addresses with \n-00020450: 6375 7374 6f6d 2070 6f72 7473 2c20 7468 custom ports, th\n-00020460: 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 6d75 7374 e addresses must\n-00020470: 2062 6520 656e 636c 6f73 6564 0a77 6974 be enclosed.wit\n-00020480: 6820 7371 7561 7265 2062 7261 636b 6574 h square bracket\n-00020490: 7320 28e2 8098 5b5d e280 9929 2c20 6173 s (...[]...), as\n-000204a0: 2069 7320 7374 616e 6461 7264 2070 7261 is standard pra\n-000204b0: 6374 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6874 ctice... (ht\n-000204c0: 7470 2c67 7275 622e 6578 616d 706c 652e tp,grub.example.\n-000204d0: 636f 6d3a 3331 3333 3729 0a20 2020 2020 com:31337). \n-000204e0: 2868 7474 702c 3139 322e 302e 322e 313a (http,192.0.2.1:\n-000204f0: 3333 3929 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 339). (http,\n-00020500: 5b32 3030 313a 6462 383a 3a31 5d3a 3131 [2001:db8::1]:11\n-00020510: 3233 3529 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 235).. If you \n-00020520: 626f 6f74 2047 5255 4220 6672 6f6d 2061 boot GRUB from a\n-00020530: 2043 442d 524f 4d2c 20e2 8098 2863 6429 CD-ROM, ...(cd)\n-00020540: e280 9920 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ... is available\n-00020550: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 . *Note Making \n-00020560: 610a 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a.GRUB bootable \n-00020570: 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6465 CD-ROM::, for de\n-00020580: 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 tails.....File: \n-00020590: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000205a0: 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 : File name synt\n-000205b0: 6178 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6c6f 636b ax, Next: Block\n-000205c0: 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 list syntax, P\n-000205d0: 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 rev: Device synt\n-000205e0: 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 ax, Up: Filesys\n-000205f0: 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3220 486f 7720 746f tem..13.2 How to\n-00020600: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 0a3d specify files.=\n-00020610: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020620: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6572 6520 ========..There \n-00020630: 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 are two ways to \n-00020640: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6669 6c65 732c 2062 specify files, b\n-00020650: 7920 e280 9c61 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 y ...absolute fi\n-00020660: 6c65 206e 616d 65e2 809d 2061 6e64 2062 le name... and b\n-00020670: 790a e280 9c62 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 74e2 y....block list.\n-00020680: 809d 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e 2061 6273 6f6c ..... An absol\n-00020690: 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7265 ute file name re\n-000206a0: 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 6120 556e 6978 2061 sembles a Unix a\n-000206b0: 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d bsolute file nam\n-000206c0: 652c 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 2fe2 8099 e, using .../...\n-000206d0: 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f .for the directo\n-000206e0: 7279 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2028 6e6f ry separator (no\n-000206f0: 7420 e280 985c e280 9920 6173 2069 6e20 t ...\\... as in \n-00020700: 444f 5329 2e20 4f6e 6520 6578 616d 706c DOS). One exampl\n-00020710: 6520 6973 0ae2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f e is....(hd0,1)/\n-00020720: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n-00020730: 6667 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 fg.... This mea\n-00020740: 6e73 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f ns the file .../\n-00020750: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n-00020760: 6667 e280 990a 696e 2074 6865 2066 6972 fg....in the fir\n-00020770: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 st partition of \n-00020780: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n-00020790: 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206f 6d69 isk. If you omi\n-000207a0: 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 0a6e 616d t the device.nam\n-000207b0: 6520 696e 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 e in an absolute\n-000207c0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 4752 5542 file name, GRUB\n-000207d0: 2075 7365 7320 4752 5542 2773 20e2 809c uses GRUB's ...\n-000207e0: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 65e2 809d 0a69 root device....i\n-000207f0: 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 792e 2020 536f 2069 mplicitly. So i\n-00020800: 6620 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f f you set the ro\n-00020810: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2c20 7361 ot device to, sa\n-00020820: 792c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 y, ...(hd1,1)...\n-00020830: 2062 7920 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 by the.command \n-00020840: e280 9873 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6431 ...set root=(hd1\n-00020850: 2c31 29e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 ,1)... (*note se\n-00020860: 743a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 2f62 t::), then .../b\n-00020870: 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 6973 oot/kernel... is\n-00020880: 2074 6865 0a73 616d 6520 6173 20e2 8098 the.same as ...\n-00020890: 2868 6431 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 (hd1,1)/boot/ker\n-000208a0: 6e65 6ce2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 205a nel...... On Z\n-000208b0: 4653 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7468 FS filesystem th\n-000208c0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7468 2063 6f6d e first path com\n-000208d0: 706f 6e65 6e74 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a56 ponent must be.V\n-000208e0: 4f4c 554d 45e2 8098 40e2 8099 5b53 4e41 OLUME...@...[SNA\n-000208f0: 5053 484f 545d 2e20 2053 6f20 e280 982f PSHOT]. So .../\n-00020900: 726f 6f74 766f 6c40 736e 6170 2d31 3239 rootvol@snap-129\n-00020910: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e /boot/grub/grub.\n-00020920: 6366 67e2 8099 2072 6566 6572 730a 746f cfg... refers.to\n-00020930: 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 file .../boot/g\n-00020940: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 rub/grub.cfg... \n-00020950: 696e 2073 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6f66 2076 in snapshot of v\n-00020960: 6f6c 756d 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 7476 6f6c olume ...rootvol\n-00020970: e280 9920 7769 7468 206e 616d 650a e280 ... with name...\n-00020980: 9873 6e61 702d 3132 39e2 8099 2e20 2054 .snap-129.... T\n-00020990: 7261 696c 696e 6720 e280 9840 e280 9920 railing ...@... \n-000209a0: 6166 7465 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 206e 616d after volume nam\n-000209b0: 6520 6973 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 2065 e is mandatory e\n-000209c0: 7665 6e20 6966 0a73 6e61 7073 686f 7420 ven if.snapshot \n-000209d0: 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642e name is omitted.\n-000209e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000209f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 426c 6f63 nfo, Node: Bloc\n-00020a00: 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 k list syntax, \n-00020a10: 5072 6576 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 Prev: File name \n-00020a20: 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c syntax, Up: Fil\n-00020a30: 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3320 486f esystem..13.3 Ho\n-00020a40: 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2062 6c6f w to specify blo\n-00020a50: 636b 206c 6973 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ck lists.=======\n+0001f9d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 =======..The dev\n+0001f9e0: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 6c69 ice syntax is li\n+0001f9f0: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 ke this:.. (\n+0001fa00: 4445 5649 4345 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 502d DEVICE[,PARTMAP-\n+0001fa10: 4e41 4d45 3150 4152 542d 4e55 4d31 5b2c NAME1PART-NUM1[,\n+0001fa20: 5041 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 3250 4152 PARTMAP-NAME2PAR\n+0001fa30: 542d 4e55 4d32 5b2c 2e2e 2e5d 5d5d 290a T-NUM2[,...]]]).\n+0001fa40: 0a20 2020 e280 985b 5de2 8099 206d 6561 . ...[]... mea\n+0001fa50: 6e73 2074 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 ns the parameter\n+0001fa60: 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2e20 2044 is optional. D\n+0001fa70: 4556 4943 4520 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e EVICE depends on\n+0001fa80: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 6572 the disk.driver\n+0001fa90: 2069 6e20 7573 652e 2020 4249 4f53 2061 in use. BIOS a\n+0001faa0: 6e64 2045 4649 2064 6973 6b73 2075 7365 nd EFI disks use\n+0001fab0: 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 9866 64e2 8099 either ...fd...\n+0001fac0: 206f 7220 e280 9868 64e2 8099 2066 6f6c or ...hd... fol\n+0001fad0: 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 0a64 6967 6974 lowed by a.digit\n+0001fae0: 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6664 30e2 8099 , like ...fd0...\n+0001faf0: 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6364 e280 992e 2020 , or ...cd.... \n+0001fb00: 4148 4349 2c20 5041 5441 2028 6174 6129 AHCI, PATA (ata)\n+0001fb10: 2c20 6372 7970 746f 2c20 5553 4220 7573 , crypto, USB us\n+0001fb20: 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 0a6f 6620 6472 e the name.of dr\n+0001fb30: 6976 6572 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 iver followed by\n+0001fb40: 2061 206e 756d 6265 722e 2020 4d65 6d64 a number. Memd\n+0001fb50: 6973 6b20 616e 6420 686f 7374 2061 7265 isk and host are\n+0001fb60: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6f6e 650a limited to one.\n+0001fb70: 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6974 2773 disk and so it's\n+0001fb80: 2072 6566 6572 6564 206a 7573 7420 6279 refered just by\n+0001fb90: 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 2052 driver name. R\n+0001fba0: 4149 4420 286d 6429 2c20 6f66 6469 736b AID (md), ofdisk\n+0001fbb0: 0a28 6965 6565 3132 3735 2061 6e64 206e .(ieee1275 and n\n+0001fbc0: 616e 6429 2c20 4c56 4d20 286c 766d 292c and), LVM (lvm),\n+0001fbd0: 204c 444d 2c20 7669 7274 696f 2028 7664 LDM, virtio (vd\n+0001fbe0: 736b 2920 616e 6420 6172 6364 6973 6b20 sk) and arcdisk \n+0001fbf0: 2861 7263 2920 7573 650a 696e 7472 696e (arc) use.intrin\n+0001fc00: 7369 6320 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6469 736b sic name of disk\n+0001fc10: 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 6279 2064 7269 prefixed by dri\n+0001fc20: 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 2041 6464 6974 ver name. Addit\n+0001fc30: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 6a75 7374 0a22 6e61 ionally just.\"na\n+0001fc40: 6e64 2220 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 nd\" refers to th\n+0001fc50: 6520 6469 736b 2061 6c69 6173 6564 2061 e disk aliased a\n+0001fc60: 7320 226e 616e 6422 2e20 2043 6f6e 666c s \"nand\". Confl\n+0001fc70: 6963 7473 2061 7265 2073 6f6c 7665 6420 icts are solved \n+0001fc80: 6279 0a73 7566 6669 7869 6e67 2061 206e by.suffixing a n\n+0001fc90: 756d 6265 7220 6966 206e 6563 6573 7361 umber if necessa\n+0001fca0: 7272 792e 2020 436f 6d6d 6173 206e 6565 rry. Commas nee\n+0001fcb0: 6420 746f 2062 6520 6573 6361 7065 642e d to be escaped.\n+0001fcc0: 2020 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a75 7365 7320 Loopback.uses \n+0001fcd0: 7768 6174 6576 6572 206e 616d 6520 7370 whatever name sp\n+0001fce0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 20e2 8098 6c6f ecified to ...lo\n+0001fcf0: 6f70 6261 636b e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e opback... comman\n+0001fd00: 642e 2020 486f 7374 6469 736b 2075 7365 d. Hostdisk use\n+0001fd10: 7320 6e61 6d65 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 s names.specifie\n+0001fd20: 6420 696e 2064 6576 6963 652e 6d61 7020 d in device.map \n+0001fd30: 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2069 7427 7320 as long as it's \n+0001fd40: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d20 5b66 6863 of the form [fhc\n+0001fd50: 5d64 5b30 2d39 5d2a 206f 720a 686f 7374 ]d[0-9]* or.host\n+0001fd60: 6469 736b 2f3c 4f53 2044 4556 4943 453e disk/\n+0001fd70: 2e20 2046 6f72 2063 7279 7074 6f20 616e . For crypto an\n+0001fd80: 6420 5241 4944 2028 6d64 2920 6164 6469 d RAID (md) addi\n+0001fd90: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2079 6f75 2063 616e tionally you can\n+0001fda0: 2075 7365 0a74 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 use.the syntax \n+0001fdb0: 3c64 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 3e75 7569 uui\n+0001fdc0: 642f 3c75 7569 643e 2e20 2046 6f72 204c d/. For L\n+0001fdd0: 564d 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 VM additionally \n+0001fde0: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 7468 6520 you can use.the \n+0001fdf0: 7379 6e74 6178 206c 766d 6964 2f3c 766f syntax lvmid/\n+0001fe10: 2f3c 766f 6c75 6d65 2d75 7569 643e 2e0a /..\n+0001fe20: 0a20 2020 2020 2866 6430 290a 2020 2020 . (fd0). \n+0001fe30: 2028 6864 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 6429 (hd0). (cd)\n+0001fe40: 0a20 2020 2020 2861 6863 6930 290a 2020 . (ahci0). \n+0001fe50: 2020 2028 6174 6130 290a 2020 2020 2028 (ata0). (\n+0001fe60: 6372 7970 746f 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2875 crypto0). (u\n+0001fe70: 7362 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 7279 7074 sb0). (crypt\n+0001fe80: 6f75 7569 642f 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 ouuid/123456789a\n+0001fe90: 6263 6465 6630 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 bcdef0123456789a\n+0001fea0: 6263 6465 6630 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d64 bcdef0). (md\n+0001feb0: 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 uuid/123456789ab\n+0001fec0: 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 cdef0123456789ab\n+0001fed0: 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 2020 286c 766d cdef0). (lvm\n+0001fee0: 2f73 7973 7465 6d2d 726f 6f74 290a 2020 /system-root). \n+0001fef0: 2020 2028 6c76 6d69 642f 4631 696b 6744 (lvmid/F1ikgD\n+0001ff00: 2d32 5245 532d 3330 3647 2d69 6c39 4d2d -2RES-306G-il9M-\n+0001ff10: 3769 7761 2d34 4e4b 572d 4562 5631 4e56 7iwa-4NKW-EbV1NV\n+0001ff20: 2f65 4c47 7543 512d 4c34 4b61 2d58 5567 /eLGuCQ-L4Ka-XUg\n+0001ff30: 522d 736a 744a 2d66 6663 682d 6261 6a72 R-sjtJ-ffch-bajr\n+0001ff40: 2d66 434e 667a 3529 0a20 2020 2020 286d -fCNfz5). (m\n+0001ff50: 642f 6d79 7261 6964 290a 2020 2020 2028 d/myraid). (\n+0001ff60: 6d64 2f30 290a 2020 2020 2028 6965 6565 md/0). (ieee\n+0001ff70: 3132 3735 2f64 6973 6b32 290a 2020 2020 1275/disk2). \n+0001ff80: 2028 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f2f 7063 6940 (ieee1275//pci@\n+0001ff90: 3166 5c2c 302f 6964 6540 642f 6469 736b 1f\\,0/ide@d/disk\n+0001ffa0: 4032 290a 2020 2020 2028 6e61 6e64 290a @2). (nand).\n+0001ffb0: 2020 2020 2028 6d65 6d64 6973 6b29 0a20 (memdisk). \n+0001ffc0: 2020 2020 2868 6f73 7429 0a20 2020 2020 (host). \n+0001ffd0: 286d 796c 6f6f 7029 0a20 2020 2020 2868 (myloop). (h\n+0001ffe0: 6f73 7464 6973 6b2f 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 ostdisk//dev/sda\n+0001fff0: 290a 0a20 2020 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 2072 ).. PART-NUM r\n+00020000: 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7468 6520 7061 epresents the pa\n+00020010: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f rtition number o\n+00020020: 6620 4445 5649 4345 2c20 7374 6172 7469 f DEVICE, starti\n+00020030: 6e67 2066 726f 6d0a 6f6e 652e 2020 5041 ng from.one. PA\n+00020040: 5254 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e RTNAME is option\n+00020050: 616c 2062 7574 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d al but is recomm\n+00020060: 656e 6465 6420 7369 6e63 6520 6469 736b ended since disk\n+00020070: 206d 6179 2068 6176 650a 7365 7665 7261 may have.severa\n+00020080: 6c20 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6c20 7061 7274 l top-level part\n+00020090: 6d61 7073 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e maps. Specifyin\n+000200a0: 6720 7468 6972 6420 616e 6420 6c61 7465 g third and late\n+000200b0: 7220 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 796f 750a r component you.\n+000200c0: 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7375 can access to su\n+000200d0: 6270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 bpartitions... \n+000200e0: 2054 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 e280 9828 The syntax ...(\n+000200f0: 6864 3029 e280 9920 7265 7072 6573 656e hd0)... represen\n+00020100: 7473 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6e74 ts using the ent\n+00020110: 6972 6520 6469 736b 2028 6f72 2074 6865 ire disk (or the\n+00020120: 204d 4252 2077 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 616c MBR when.instal\n+00020130: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4229 2c20 7768 696c ling GRUB), whil\n+00020140: 6520 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 20e2 8098 e the syntax ...\n+00020150: 2868 6430 2c31 29e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 (hd0,1)... repre\n+00020160: 7365 6e74 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 sents using the \n+00020170: 6669 7273 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 first.partition \n+00020180: 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 286f 7220 of the disk (or \n+00020190: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f 7220 the boot sector \n+000201a0: 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e of the partition\n+000201b0: 2077 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 when.installing\n+000201c0: 2047 5255 4229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 GRUB)... (h\n+000201d0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 0a20 2020 2020 d0,msdos1). \n+000201e0: 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c 6d73 646f (hd0,msdos1,msdo\n+000201f0: 7335 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 s5). (hd0,ms\n+00020200: 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3329 0a20 2020 2020 dos1,bsd3). \n+00020210: 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a 2020 (hd0,netbsd1). \n+00020220: 2020 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 290a 2020 (hd0,gpt1). \n+00020230: 2020 2028 6864 302c 312c 3329 0a0a 2020 (hd0,1,3).. \n+00020240: 2049 6620 796f 7520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 If you enabled \n+00020250: 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7375 7070 the network supp\n+00020260: 6f72 742c 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c ort, the special\n+00020270: 2064 7269 7665 730a e280 9828 5052 4f54 drives....(PROT\n+00020280: 4f43 4f4c 5b2c 5345 5256 4552 5d29 e280 OCOL[,SERVER])..\n+00020290: 9920 6172 6520 616c 736f 2061 7661 696c . are also avail\n+000202a0: 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 able. Supported\n+000202b0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c73 2061 7265 0ae2 protocols are..\n+000202c0: 8098 6874 7470 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 ..http... and ..\n+000202d0: 9874 6674 70e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5345 .tftp.... If SE\n+000202e0: 5256 4552 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c RVER is omitted,\n+000202f0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f value of enviro\n+00020300: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0ae2 nment variable..\n+00020310: 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 ..net_default_se\n+00020320: 7276 6572 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 642e rver... is used.\n+00020330: 2020 4265 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 Before using t\n+00020340: 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2064 7269 7665 he network drive\n+00020350: 2c20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 0a69 6e69 7469 , you must.initi\n+00020360: 616c 697a 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 alize the networ\n+00020370: 6b2e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 k. *Note Networ\n+00020380: 6b3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e k::, for more in\n+00020390: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2057 formation... W\n+000203a0: 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 e280 9868 7474 hen using ...htt\n+000203b0: 70e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9874 6674 70e2 p... or ...tftp.\n+000203c0: 8099 2c20 706f 7274 7320 6f74 6865 7220 .., ports other \n+000203d0: 7468 616e 20e2 8098 3830 e280 9920 6361 than ...80... ca\n+000203e0: 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a75 n be specified.u\n+000203f0: 7369 6e67 2061 2063 6f6c 6f6e 2028 e280 sing a colon (..\n+00020400: 983a e280 9929 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 .:...) after the\n+00020410: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2054 6f20 6176 address. To av\n+00020420: 6f69 6420 7061 7273 696e 6720 636f 6e66 oid parsing conf\n+00020430: 6c69 6374 732c 2077 6865 6e0a 7573 696e licts, when.usin\n+00020440: 6720 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 g IPv6 addresses\n+00020450: 2077 6974 6820 6375 7374 6f6d 2070 6f72 with custom por\n+00020460: 7473 2c20 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 ts, the addresse\n+00020470: 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 656e 636c 6f73 s must be enclos\n+00020480: 6564 0a77 6974 6820 7371 7561 7265 2062 ed.with square b\n+00020490: 7261 636b 6574 7320 28e2 8098 5b5d e280 rackets (...[]..\n+000204a0: 9929 2c20 6173 2069 7320 7374 616e 6461 .), as is standa\n+000204b0: 7264 2070 7261 6374 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 rd practice... \n+000204c0: 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c67 7275 622e 6578 (http,grub.ex\n+000204d0: 616d 706c 652e 636f 6d3a 3331 3333 3729 ample.com:31337)\n+000204e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 3139 322e . (http,192.\n+000204f0: 302e 322e 313a 3333 3929 0a20 2020 2020 0.2.1:339). \n+00020500: 2868 7474 702c 5b32 3030 313a 6462 383a (http,[2001:db8:\n+00020510: 3a31 5d3a 3131 3233 3529 0a0a 2020 2049 :1]:11235).. I\n+00020520: 6620 796f 7520 626f 6f74 2047 5255 4220 f you boot GRUB \n+00020530: 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 442d 524f 4d2c 20e2 from a CD-ROM, .\n+00020540: 8098 2863 6429 e280 9920 6973 2061 7661 ..(cd)... is ava\n+00020550: 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204d ilable. *Note M\n+00020560: 616b 696e 6720 610a 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a.GRUB boo\n+00020570: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 2c20 table CD-ROM::, \n+00020580: 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a for details.....\n+00020590: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000205a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d Node: File nam\n+000205b0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 204e 6578 743a e syntax, Next:\n+000205c0: 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 Block list synt\n+000205d0: 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 ax, Prev: Devic\n+000205e0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 e syntax, Up: F\n+000205f0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3220 ilesystem..13.2 \n+00020600: 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 How to specify f\n+00020610: 696c 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d iles.===========\n+00020620: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00020630: 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 There are two wa\n+00020640: 7973 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6669 ys to specify fi\n+00020650: 6c65 732c 2062 7920 e280 9c61 6273 6f6c les, by ...absol\n+00020660: 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 65e2 809d ute file name...\n+00020670: 2061 6e64 2062 790a e280 9c62 6c6f 636b and by....block\n+00020680: 206c 6973 74e2 809d 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e list...... An\n+00020690: 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e absolute file n\n+000206a0: 616d 6520 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 6120 ame resembles a \n+000206b0: 556e 6978 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 Unix absolute fi\n+000206c0: 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 le name, using .\n+000206d0: 8098 2fe2 8099 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2064 ../....for the d\n+000206e0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2073 6570 6172 6174 irectory separat\n+000206f0: 6f72 2028 6e6f 7420 e280 985c e280 9920 or (not ...\\... \n+00020700: 6173 2069 6e20 444f 5329 2e20 4f6e 6520 as in DOS). One \n+00020710: 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 0ae2 8098 2868 example is....(h\n+00020720: 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f d0,1)/boot/grub/\n+00020730: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 5468 grub.cfg.... Th\n+00020740: 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2066 696c is means the fil\n+00020750: 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f e .../boot/grub/\n+00020760: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 990a 696e 2074 grub.cfg....in t\n+00020770: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+00020780: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on of the first \n+00020790: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 2079 hard disk. If y\n+000207a0: 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 ou omit the devi\n+000207b0: 6365 0a6e 616d 6520 696e 2061 6e20 6162 ce.name in an ab\n+000207c0: 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 solute file name\n+000207d0: 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4752 5542 , GRUB uses GRUB\n+000207e0: 2773 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 's ...root devic\n+000207f0: 65e2 809d 0a69 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 792e e....implicitly.\n+00020800: 2020 536f 2069 6620 796f 7520 7365 7420 So if you set \n+00020810: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 the root device \n+00020820: 746f 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 to, say, ...(hd1\n+00020830: 2c31 29e2 8099 2062 7920 7468 650a 636f ,1)... by the.co\n+00020840: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6574 2072 6f6f mmand ...set roo\n+00020850: 743d 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 2028 2a6e t=(hd1,1)... (*n\n+00020860: 6f74 6520 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e ote set::), then\n+00020870: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c .../boot/kernel\n+00020880: e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 0a73 616d 6520 ... is the.same \n+00020890: 6173 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c31 292f 626f as ...(hd1,1)/bo\n+000208a0: 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 2e0a 0a20 ot/kernel...... \n+000208b0: 2020 4f6e 205a 4653 2066 696c 6573 7973 On ZFS filesys\n+000208c0: 7465 6d20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 tem the first pa\n+000208d0: 7468 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206d 7573 th component mus\n+000208e0: 7420 6265 0a56 4f4c 554d 45e2 8098 40e2 t be.VOLUME...@.\n+000208f0: 8099 5b53 4e41 5053 484f 545d 2e20 2053 ..[SNAPSHOT]. S\n+00020900: 6f20 e280 982f 726f 6f74 766f 6c40 736e o .../rootvol@sn\n+00020910: 6170 2d31 3239 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ap-129/boot/grub\n+00020920: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2072 6566 /grub.cfg... ref\n+00020930: 6572 730a 746f 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f ers.to file .../\n+00020940: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n+00020950: 6667 e280 9920 696e 2073 6e61 7073 686f fg... in snapsho\n+00020960: 7420 6f66 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 e280 9872 t of volume ...r\n+00020970: 6f6f 7476 6f6c e280 9920 7769 7468 206e ootvol... with n\n+00020980: 616d 650a e280 9873 6e61 702d 3132 39e2 ame....snap-129.\n+00020990: 8099 2e20 2054 7261 696c 696e 6720 e280 ... Trailing ..\n+000209a0: 9840 e280 9920 6166 7465 7220 766f 6c75 .@... after volu\n+000209b0: 6d65 206e 616d 6520 6973 206d 616e 6461 me name is manda\n+000209c0: 746f 7279 2065 7665 6e20 6966 0a73 6e61 tory even if.sna\n+000209d0: 7073 686f 7420 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6f6d pshot name is om\n+000209e0: 6974 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 itted.....File: \n+000209f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00020a00: 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e : Block list syn\n+00020a10: 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4669 6c65 tax, Prev: File\n+00020a20: 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 name syntax, U\n+00020a30: 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 p: Filesystem..1\n+00020a40: 332e 3320 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 3.3 How to speci\n+00020a50: 6679 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7473 0a3d fy block lists.=\n 00020a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 626c 6f63 ========..A bloc\n-00020a80: 6b20 6c69 7374 2069 7320 7573 6564 2066 k list is used f\n-00020a90: 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6120 or specifying a \n-00020aa0: 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 646f 6573 6e27 file that doesn'\n-00020ab0: 7420 6170 7065 6172 2069 6e20 7468 650a t appear in the.\n-00020ac0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6c69 6b65 filesystem, like\n-00020ad0: 2061 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 a chainloader. \n-00020ae0: 2054 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 0ae2 The syntax is..\n-00020af0: 8098 5b4f 4646 5345 545d 2b5b 4c45 4e47 ..[OFFSET]+[LENG\n-00020b00: 5448 5d5b 2c5b 4f46 4653 4554 5d2b 5b4c TH][,[OFFSET]+[L\n-00020b10: 454e 4754 485d 5d2e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 ENGTH]]....... \n-00020b20: 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 Here is an examp\n-00020b30: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 302b 3130 302c le:.. 0+100,\n-00020b40: 3230 302b 312c 3330 302b 3330 302c 3830 200+1,300+300,80\n-00020b50: 302b 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7265 7072 0+.. This repr\n-00020b60: 6573 656e 7473 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 esents that GRUB\n-00020b70: 2073 686f 756c 6420 7265 6164 2062 6c6f should read blo\n-00020b80: 636b 7320 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 3939 cks 0 through 99\n-00020b90: 2c20 626c 6f63 6b20 3230 302c 0a62 6c6f , block 200,.blo\n-00020ba0: 636b 7320 3330 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 cks 300 through \n-00020bb0: 3539 392c 2061 6e64 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 599, and blocks \n-00020bc0: 3830 3020 756e 7469 6c20 7468 6520 656e 800 until the en\n-00020bd0: 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 652e d of the device.\n-00020be0: 2020 4966 0a79 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 616e If.you omit an\n-00020bf0: 206f 6666 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 offset, then GR\n-00020c00: 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 6865 206f UB assumes the o\n-00020c10: 6666 7365 7420 6973 207a 6572 6f2e 2020 ffset is zero. \n-00020c20: 4966 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 680a 6973 If the length.is\n-00020c30: 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2047 omitted, then G\n-00020c40: 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6520 RUB assumes the \n-00020c50: 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2065 7874 656e block list exten\n-00020c60: 6473 2075 6e74 696c 2074 6865 2065 6e64 ds until the end\n-00020c70: 206f 660a 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a of.the device..\n-00020c80: 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 2074 6865 2066 696c . Like the fil\n-00020c90: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a e name syntax (*\n-00020ca0: 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 note File name s\n-00020cb0: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 6966 2061 2062 yntax::), if a b\n-00020cc0: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a64 6f65 7320 6e6f locklist.does no\n-00020cd0: 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6120 6465 7669 t contain a devi\n-00020ce0: 6365 206e 616d 652c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 ce name, then GR\n-00020cf0: 5542 2075 7365 7320 4752 5542 2773 20e2 UB uses GRUB's .\n-00020d00: 809c 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 65e2 809d ..root device...\n-00020d10: 2e20 2053 6f0a e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 . So....(hd0,2)\n-00020d20: 2b31 e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 2073 616d +1... is the sam\n-00020d30: 6520 6173 20e2 8098 2b31 e280 9920 7768 e as ...+1... wh\n-00020d40: 656e 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 en the root devi\n-00020d50: 6365 2069 7320 e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 ce is ...(hd0,2)\n-00020d60: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n-00020d70: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00020d80: 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 4e65 7874 Interface, Next\n-00020d90: 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 : Environment, \n-00020da0: 5072 6576 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Prev: Filesystem\n-00020db0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3134 2047 , Up: Top..14 G\n-00020dc0: 5255 4227 7320 7573 6572 2069 6e74 6572 RUB's user inter\n-00020dd0: 6661 6365 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a face.***********\n-00020de0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 *************..G\n-00020df0: 5255 4220 6861 7320 626f 7468 2061 2073 RUB has both a s\n-00020e00: 696d 706c 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 imple menu inter\n-00020e10: 6661 6365 2066 6f72 2063 686f 6f73 696e face for choosin\n-00020e20: 6720 7072 6573 6574 2065 6e74 7269 6573 g preset entries\n-00020e30: 2066 726f 6d20 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 from a.configur\n-00020e40: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 616e 6420 ation file, and \n-00020e50: 6120 6869 6768 6c79 2066 6c65 7869 626c a highly flexibl\n-00020e60: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2066 e command-line f\n-00020e70: 6f72 2070 6572 666f 726d 696e 670a 616e or performing.an\n-00020e80: 7920 6465 7369 7265 6420 636f 6d62 696e y desired combin\n-00020e90: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2062 6f6f 7420 636f ation of boot co\n-00020ea0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 mmands... GRUB\n-00020eb0: 206c 6f6f 6b73 2066 6f72 2069 7473 2063 looks for its c\n-00020ec0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00020ed0: 6520 6173 2073 6f6f 6e20 6173 2069 7420 e as soon as it \n-00020ee0: 6973 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4966 0a6f is loaded. If.o\n-00020ef0: 6e65 2069 7320 666f 756e 642c 2074 6865 ne is found, the\n-00020f00: 6e20 7468 6520 6675 6c6c 206d 656e 7520 n the full menu \n-00020f10: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 2061 6374 interface is act\n-00020f20: 6976 6174 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2077 6861 ivated using wha\n-00020f30: 7465 7665 720a 656e 7472 6965 7320 7765 tever.entries we\n-00020f40: 7265 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 re found in the \n-00020f50: 6669 6c65 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6368 file. If you ch\n-00020f60: 6f6f 7365 2074 6865 20e2 809c 636f 6d6d oose the ...comm\n-00020f70: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d20 6d65 6e75 and-line... menu\n-00020f80: 0a6f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 6966 2074 .option, or if t\n-00020f90: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he configuration\n-00020fa0: 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 666f file was not fo\n-00020fb0: 756e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2064 und, then GRUB d\n-00020fc0: 726f 7073 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 636f 6d6d rops to.the comm\n-00020fd0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n-00020fe0: 6365 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 ce...* Menu:..* \n-00020ff0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 Command-line int\n-00021000: 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 5468 erface:: Th\n-00021010: 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 e flexible comma\n-00021020: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n-00021030: 650a 2a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 e.* Menu interfa\n-00021040: 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce:: \n-00021050: 2020 5468 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e The simple men\n-00021060: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a20 4d65 u interface.* Me\n-00021070: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2065 6469 746f 723a nu entry editor:\n-00021080: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4564 6974 : Edit\n-00021090: 696e 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 ing a menu entry\n-000210a0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000210b0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d nfo, Node: Comm\n-000210c0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n-000210d0: 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 656e 7520 ce, Next: Menu \n-000210e0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 interface, Up: \n-000210f0: 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3120 Interface..14.1 \n-00021100: 5468 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d The flexible com\n-00021110: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n-00021120: 6163 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ace.============\n+00020a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00020a80: 4120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2069 7320 A block list is \n+00020a90: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6679 used for specify\n+00020aa0: 696e 6720 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 ing a file that \n+00020ab0: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6170 7065 6172 2069 doesn't appear i\n+00020ac0: 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d n the.filesystem\n+00020ad0: 2c20 6c69 6b65 2061 2063 6861 696e 6c6f , like a chainlo\n+00020ae0: 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 2073 796e 7461 ader. The synta\n+00020af0: 7820 6973 0ae2 8098 5b4f 4646 5345 545d x is....[OFFSET]\n+00020b00: 2b5b 4c45 4e47 5448 5d5b 2c5b 4f46 4653 +[LENGTH][,[OFFS\n+00020b10: 4554 5d2b 5b4c 454e 4754 485d 5d2e 2e2e ET]+[LENGTH]]...\n+00020b20: e280 992e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e .... Here is an\n+00020b30: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 example:.. \n+00020b40: 302b 3130 302c 3230 302b 312c 3330 302b 0+100,200+1,300+\n+00020b50: 3330 302c 3830 302b 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 300,800+.. Thi\n+00020b60: 7320 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 6861 s represents tha\n+00020b70: 7420 4752 5542 2073 686f 756c 6420 7265 t GRUB should re\n+00020b80: 6164 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 3020 7468 726f ad blocks 0 thro\n+00020b90: 7567 6820 3939 2c20 626c 6f63 6b20 3230 ugh 99, block 20\n+00020ba0: 302c 0a62 6c6f 636b 7320 3330 3020 7468 0,.blocks 300 th\n+00020bb0: 726f 7567 6820 3539 392c 2061 6e64 2062 rough 599, and b\n+00020bc0: 6c6f 636b 7320 3830 3020 756e 7469 6c20 locks 800 until \n+00020bd0: 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 the end of the d\n+00020be0: 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 0a79 6f75 206f evice. If.you o\n+00020bf0: 6d69 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 742c 2074 mit an offset, t\n+00020c00: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 hen GRUB assumes\n+00020c10: 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 6973 207a the offset is z\n+00020c20: 6572 6f2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 206c 656e ero. If the len\n+00020c30: 6774 680a 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 gth.is omitted, \n+00020c40: 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 then GRUB assume\n+00020c50: 7320 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 s the block list\n+00020c60: 2065 7874 656e 6473 2075 6e74 696c 2074 extends until t\n+00020c70: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a 7468 6520 6465 he end of.the de\n+00020c80: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 2074 vice... Like t\n+00020c90: 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e he file name syn\n+00020ca0: 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 tax (*note File \n+00020cb0: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 name syntax::), \n+00020cc0: 6966 2061 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a64 if a blocklist.d\n+00020cd0: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 oes not contain \n+00020ce0: 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652c 2074 a device name, t\n+00020cf0: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4752 hen GRUB uses GR\n+00020d00: 5542 2773 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 2064 6576 UB's ...root dev\n+00020d10: 6963 65e2 809d 2e20 2053 6f0a e280 9828 ice.... So....(\n+00020d20: 6864 302c 3229 2b31 e280 9920 6973 2074 hd0,2)+1... is t\n+00020d30: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 20e2 8098 2b31 he same as ...+1\n+00020d40: e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 2072 6f6f ... when the roo\n+00020d50: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 e280 9828 t device is ...(\n+00020d60: 6864 302c 3229 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 hd0,2)........Fi\n+00020d70: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00020d80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c Node: Interface,\n+00020d90: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d Next: Environm\n+00020da0: 656e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4669 6c65 ent, Prev: File\n+00020db0: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 system, Up: Top\n+00020dc0: 0a0a 3134 2047 5255 4227 7320 7573 6572 ..14 GRUB's user\n+00020dd0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a interface.*****\n+00020de0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00020df0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 6861 7320 626f ***..GRUB has bo\n+00020e00: 7468 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6d65 6e75 th a simple menu\n+00020e10: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2066 6f72 2063 interface for c\n+00020e20: 686f 6f73 696e 6720 7072 6573 6574 2065 hoosing preset e\n+00020e30: 6e74 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 610a 636f ntries from a.co\n+00020e40: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00020e50: 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6869 6768 6c79 2066 , and a highly f\n+00020e60: 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d lexible command-\n+00020e70: 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 2070 6572 666f 726d line for perform\n+00020e80: 696e 670a 616e 7920 6465 7369 7265 6420 ing.any desired \n+00020e90: 636f 6d62 696e 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2062 combination of b\n+00020ea0: 6f6f 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a20 oot commands... \n+00020eb0: 2020 4752 5542 206c 6f6f 6b73 2066 6f72 GRUB looks for\n+00020ec0: 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 its configurati\n+00020ed0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6173 2073 6f6f 6e20 on file as soon \n+00020ee0: 6173 2069 7420 6973 206c 6f61 6465 642e as it is loaded.\n+00020ef0: 2020 4966 0a6f 6e65 2069 7320 666f 756e If.one is foun\n+00020f00: 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6675 6c6c d, then the full\n+00020f10: 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 menu interface \n+00020f20: 6973 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 2075 7369 is activated usi\n+00020f30: 6e67 2077 6861 7465 7665 720a 656e 7472 ng whatever.entr\n+00020f40: 6965 7320 7765 7265 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 ies were found i\n+00020f50: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2e20 2049 6620 n the file. 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Each comm\n-000211d0: 616e 6420 6973 0a69 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 and is.immediate\n-000211e0: 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 6166 7465 ly executed afte\n-000211f0: 7220 6974 2069 7320 656e 7465 7265 6428 r it is entered(\n-00021200: 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 1) (*note Comman\n-00021210: 642d 6c69 6e65 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line.interface\n-00021220: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 -Footnote-1::). \n-00021230: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a The commands (*\n-00021240: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 note Commands::)\n-00021250: 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 740a 6f66 are a subset.of\n-00021260: 2074 686f 7365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 those available\n-00021270: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 in the configur\n-00021280: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6564 ation file, used\n-00021290: 2077 6974 6820 6578 6163 746c 7920 7468 with exactly th\n-000212a0: 6520 7361 6d65 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a e same.syntax...\n-000212b0: 2020 2043 7572 736f 7220 6d6f 7665 6d65 Cursor moveme\n-000212c0: 6e74 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f nt and editing o\n-000212d0: 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 206f 6e20 7468 f the text on th\n-000212e0: 6520 6c69 6e65 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f e line can be do\n-000212f0: 6e65 2076 6961 2061 0a73 7562 7365 7420 ne via a.subset \n-00021300: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 of the functions\n-00021310: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 available in th\n-00021320: 6520 4261 7368 2073 6865 6c6c 3a0a 0a3c e Bash shell:..<\n-00021330: 432d 663e 0a3c 5043 2072 6967 6874 206b C-f>.. Move fo\n-00021350: 7277 6172 6420 6f6e 6520 6368 6172 6163 rward one charac\n-00021360: 7465 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d62 3e0a 3c50 4320 ter..... M\n-00021380: 6f76 6520 6261 636b 206f 6e65 2063 6861 ove back one cha\n-00021390: 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a3c 432d 613e 0a3c racter....<\n-000213a0: 484f 4d45 3e0a 2020 2020 204d 6f76 6520 HOME>. Move \n-000213b0: 746f 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 to the start of \n-000213c0: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 653e the line...\n-000213d0: 0a3c 454e 443e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 .. Move\n-000213e0: 2074 6865 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 the the end of \n-000213f0: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 643e the line...\n-00021400: 0a3c 4445 4c3e 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6c65 .. Dele\n-00021410: 7465 2074 6865 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 te the character\n-00021420: 2075 6e64 6572 6e65 6174 6820 7468 6520 underneath the \n-00021430: 6375 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 683e 0a3c cursor....<\n-00021440: 4253 3e0a 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 6520 BS>. Delete \n-00021450: 7468 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 746f the character to\n-00021460: 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the left of the\n-00021470: 2063 7572 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d6b 3e0a cursor....\n-00021480: 2020 2020 204b 696c 6c20 7468 6520 7465 Kill the te\n-00021490: 7874 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6375 7272 xt from the curr\n-000214a0: 656e 7420 6375 7273 6f72 2070 6f73 6974 ent cursor posit\n-000214b0: 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f ion to the end o\n-000214c0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c 696e 652e f the. line.\n-000214d0: 0a0a 3c43 2d75 3e0a 2020 2020 204b 696c ... Kil\n-000214e0: 6c20 6261 636b 7761 7264 2066 726f 6d20 l backward from \n-000214f0: 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 the cursor to th\n-00021500: 6520 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 e beginning of t\n-00021510: 6865 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d79 3e0a he line....\n-00021520: 2020 2020 2059 616e 6b20 7468 6520 6b69 Yank the ki\n-00021530: 6c6c 6564 2074 6578 7420 6261 636b 2069 lled text back i\n-00021540: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6275 6666 6572 2061 nto the buffer a\n-00021550: 7420 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c t the cursor...<\n-00021560: 432d 703e 0a3c 5043 2075 7020 6b65 793e C-p>.\n-00021570: 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2075 7020 7468 . Move up th\n-00021580: 726f 7567 6820 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 rough the histor\n-00021590: 7920 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6e3e 0a3c y list....<\n-000215a0: 5043 2064 6f77 6e20 6b65 793e 0a20 2020 PC down key>. \n-000215b0: 2020 4d6f 7665 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 726f Move down thro\n-000215c0: 7567 6820 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 7920 ugh the history \n-000215d0: 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2074 list... When t\n-000215e0: 7970 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 yping commands i\n-000215f0: 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 6966 nteractively, if\n-00021600: 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 6973 2077 the cursor is w\n-00021610: 6974 6869 6e20 6f72 2062 6566 6f72 650a ithin or before.\n-00021620: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2069 the first word i\n-00021630: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 n the command-li\n-00021640: 6e65 2c20 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 ne, pressing the\n-00021650: 203c 5441 423e 206b 6579 2028 6f72 203c key (or <\n-00021660: 432d 693e 290a 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c C-i>).will displ\n-00021670: 6179 2061 206c 6973 7469 6e67 206f 6620 ay a listing of \n-00021680: 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f the available co\n-00021690: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2074 mmands, and if t\n-000216a0: 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 6973 0a61 6674 he cursor is.aft\n-000216b0: 6572 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2077 6f72 er the first wor\n-000216c0: 642c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 3c54 4142 3ee2 d, the ....\n-000216d0: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 .. will provide \n-000216e0: 6120 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 a completion lis\n-000216f0: 7469 6e67 206f 660a 6469 736b 732c 2070 ting of.disks, p\n-00021700: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 2066 artitions, and f\n-00021710: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 ile names depend\n-00021720: 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 ing on the conte\n-00021730: 7874 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 0a74 xt. Note that.t\n-00021740: 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 206c 6973 7420 o obtain a list \n-00021750: 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c 206f 6e65 206d of drives, one m\n-00021760: 7573 7420 6f70 656e 2061 2070 6172 656e ust open a paren\n-00021770: 7468 6573 6973 2c20 6173 20e2 8098 726f thesis, as ...ro\n-00021780: 6f74 2028 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 ot (...... Not\n-00021790: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 6e6f e that you canno\n-000217a0: 7420 7573 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 t use the comple\n-000217b0: 7469 6f6e 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 tion functionali\n-000217c0: 7479 2069 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 0a66 ty in the TFTP.f\n-000217d0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 ilesystem. This\n-000217e0: 2069 7320 6265 6361 7573 6520 5446 5450 is because TFTP\n-000217f0: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2073 7570 706f 7274 doesn't support\n-00021800: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206c 6973 7469 file name listi\n-00021810: 6e67 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2073 6563 7572 ng for.the secur\n-00021820: 6974 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ity.....File: gr\n-00021830: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00021840: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 Command-line int\n-00021850: 6572 6661 6365 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 erface-Footnotes\n-00021860: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00021870: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a20 ine interface.. \n-00021880: 2020 2831 2920 486f 7765 7665 722c 2074 (1) However, t\n-00021890: 6869 7320 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2077 696c his behavior wil\n-000218a0: 6c20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2069 6e20 l be changed in \n-000218b0: 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2076 6572 7369 the future versi\n-000218c0: 6f6e 2c20 696e 0a61 2075 7365 722d 696e on, in.a user-in\n-000218d0: 7669 7369 626c 6520 7761 792e 0a0a 1f0a visible way.....\n-000218e0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000218f0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 Node: Menu int\n-00021900: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d erface, Next: M\n-00021910: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 enu entry editor\n-00021920: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 , Prev: Command\n-00021930: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c -line interface,\n-00021940: 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a Up: Interface.\n-00021950: 0a31 342e 3220 5468 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 .14.2 The simple\n-00021960: 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a menu interface.\n-00021970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00021990: 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 The menu interfa\n-000219a0: 6365 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 6561 7379 ce is quite easy\n-000219b0: 2074 6f20 7573 652e 2020 4974 7320 636f to use. Its co\n-000219c0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2062 6f74 680a mmands are both.\n-000219d0: 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c79 2069 6e74 7569 reasonably intui\n-000219e0: 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2064 6573 6372 6962 tive and describ\n-000219f0: 6564 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a20 ed on screen... \n-00021a00: 2020 4261 7369 6361 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 Basically, the\n-00021a10: 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 menu interface \n-00021a20: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 206c 6973 7420 provides a list \n-00021a30: 6f66 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 of ...boot entri\n-00021a40: 6573 e280 9d20 746f 0a74 6865 2075 7365 es... to.the use\n-00021a50: 7220 746f 2063 686f 6f73 6520 6672 6f6d r to choose from\n-00021a60: 2e20 2055 7365 2074 6865 2061 7272 6f77 . Use the arrow\n-00021a70: 206b 6579 7320 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 keys to select \n-00021a80: 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 6f66 0a63 686f the entry of.cho\n-00021a90: 6963 652c 2074 6865 6e20 7072 6573 7320 ice, then press \n-00021aa0: 3c52 4554 3e20 746f 2072 756e 2069 742e to run it.\n-00021ab0: 2020 416e 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 7469 An optional ti\n-00021ac0: 6d65 6f75 7420 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 meout is availab\n-00021ad0: 6c65 2074 6f0a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 le to.boot the d\n-00021ae0: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2028 7468 efault entry (th\n-00021af0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6f6e 6520 6966 206e e first one if n\n-00021b00: 6f74 2073 6574 292c 2077 6869 6368 2069 ot set), which i\n-00021b10: 7320 6162 6f72 7465 6420 6279 0a70 7265 s aborted by.pre\n-00021b20: 7373 696e 6720 616e 7920 6b65 792e 0a0a ssing any key...\n-00021b30: 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 Commands are \n-00021b40: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2065 6e74 available to ent\n-00021b50: 6572 2061 2062 6172 6520 636f 6d6d 616e er a bare comman\n-00021b60: 642d 6c69 6e65 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 d-line by pressi\n-00021b70: 6e67 203c 633e 0a28 7768 6963 6820 6f70 ng .(which op\n-00021b80: 6572 6174 6573 2065 7861 6374 6c79 206c erates exactly l\n-00021b90: 696b 6520 7468 6520 6e6f 6e2d 636f 6e66 ike the non-conf\n-00021ba0: 6967 2d66 696c 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 ig-file version \n-00021bb0: 6f66 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 0a61 6c6c of GRUB, but.all\n-00021bc0: 6f77 7320 6f6e 6520 746f 2072 6574 7572 ows one to retur\n-00021bd0: 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6966 n to the menu if\n-00021be0: 2064 6573 6972 6564 2062 7920 7072 6573 desired by pres\n-00021bf0: 7369 6e67 203c 4553 433e 2920 6f72 2074 sing ) or t\n-00021c00: 6f0a 6564 6974 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 o.edit any of th\n-00021c10: 6520 e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 e ...boot entrie\n-00021c20: 73e2 809d 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 s... by pressing\n-00021c30: 203c 653e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ... 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The comma\n+00021240: 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 nds (*note Comma\n+00021250: 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 nds::) are a sub\n+00021260: 7365 740a 6f66 2074 686f 7365 2061 7661 set.of those ava\n+00021270: 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f ilable in the co\n+00021280: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00021290: 2c20 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 6578 6163 , used with exac\n+000212a0: 746c 7920 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a73 796e tly the same.syn\n+000212b0: 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 2043 7572 736f 7220 tax... Cursor \n+000212c0: 6d6f 7665 6d65 6e74 2061 6e64 2065 6469 movement and edi\n+000212d0: 7469 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 ting of the text\n+000212e0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2063 616e on the line can\n+000212f0: 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2076 6961 2061 0a73 be done via a.s\n+00021300: 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2066 756e ubset of the fun\n+00021310: 6374 696f 6e73 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ctions available\n+00021320: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4261 7368 2073 6865 in the Bash she\n+00021330: 6c6c 3a0a 0a3c 432d 663e 0a3c 5043 2072 ll:.... 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Note \n+00021740: 7468 6174 0a74 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 that.to obtain a\n+00021750: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c list of drives,\n+00021760: 206f 6e65 206d 7573 7420 6f70 656e 2061 one must open a\n+00021770: 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6973 2c20 6173 parenthesis, as\n+00021780: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 2028 e280 992e 0a0a ...root (......\n+00021790: 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 Note that you\n+000217a0: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 7573 6520 7468 6520 cannot use the \n+000217b0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2066 756e 6374 completion funct\n+000217c0: 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ionality in the \n+000217d0: 5446 5450 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e TFTP.filesystem.\n+000217e0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6265 6361 7573 This is becaus\n+000217f0: 6520 5446 5450 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2073 e TFTP doesn't s\n+00021800: 7570 706f 7274 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 upport file name\n+00021810: 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 listing for.the\n+00021820: 2073 6563 7572 6974 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 security.....Fi\n+00021830: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00021840: 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Node: Command-li\n+00021850: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2d46 6f6f ne interface-Foo\n+00021860: 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d tnotes, Up: Com\n+00021870: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n+00021880: 6163 650a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 486f 7765 ace.. (1) Howe\n+00021890: 7665 722c 2074 6869 7320 6265 6861 7669 ver, this behavi\n+000218a0: 6f72 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 or will be chang\n+000218b0: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 ed in the future\n+000218c0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 696e 0a61 2075 version, in.a u\n+000218d0: 7365 722d 696e 7669 7369 626c 6520 7761 ser-invisible wa\n+000218e0: 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 y.....File: grub\n+000218f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 .info, Node: Me\n+00021900: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e nu interface, N\n+00021910: 6578 743a 204d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 ext: Menu entry \n+00021920: 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 editor, Prev: C\n+00021930: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n+00021940: 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 rface, Up: Inte\n+00021950: 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3220 5468 6520 rface..14.2 The \n+00021960: 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 simple menu inte\n+00021970: 7266 6163 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rface.==========\n+00021980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00021990: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 ====..The menu i\n+000219a0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 7320 7175 6974 nterface is quit\n+000219b0: 6520 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7573 652e 2020 e easy to use. \n+000219c0: 4974 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 Its commands are\n+000219d0: 2062 6f74 680a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c79 both.reasonably\n+000219e0: 2069 6e74 7569 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2064 intuitive and d\n+000219f0: 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7363 7265 escribed on scre\n+00021a00: 656e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4261 7369 6361 6c6c en... Basicall\n+00021a10: 792c 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 y, the menu inte\n+00021a20: 7266 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 rface provides a\n+00021a30: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 list of ...boot\n+00021a40: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 e280 9d20 746f 0a74 entries... to.t\n+00021a50: 6865 2075 7365 7220 746f 2063 686f 6f73 he user to choos\n+00021a60: 6520 6672 6f6d 2e20 2055 7365 2074 6865 e from. Use the\n+00021a70: 2061 7272 6f77 206b 6579 7320 746f 2073 arrow keys to s\n+00021a80: 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 elect the entry \n+00021a90: 6f66 0a63 686f 6963 652c 2074 6865 6e20 of.choice, then \n+00021aa0: 7072 6573 7320 3c52 4554 3e20 746f 2072 press to r\n+00021ab0: 756e 2069 742e 2020 416e 206f 7074 696f un it. An optio\n+00021ac0: 6e61 6c20 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6973 2061 nal timeout is a\n+00021ad0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 626f 6f74 vailable to.boot\n+00021ae0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 the default ent\n+00021af0: 7279 2028 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6f6e ry (the first on\n+00021b00: 6520 6966 206e 6f74 2073 6574 292c 2077 e if not set), w\n+00021b10: 6869 6368 2069 7320 6162 6f72 7465 6420 hich is aborted \n+00021b20: 6279 0a70 7265 7373 696e 6720 616e 7920 by.pressing any \n+00021b30: 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 key... Command\n+00021b40: 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 s are available \n+00021b50: 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2061 2062 6172 6520 to enter a bare \n+00021b60: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2062 7920 command-line by \n+00021b70: 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 633e 0a28 7768 pressing .(wh\n+00021b80: 6963 6820 6f70 6572 6174 6573 2065 7861 ich operates exa\n+00021b90: 6374 6c79 206c 696b 6520 7468 6520 6e6f ctly like the no\n+00021ba0: 6e2d 636f 6e66 6967 2d66 696c 6520 7665 n-config-file ve\n+00021bb0: 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2047 5255 422c 2062 rsion of GRUB, b\n+00021bc0: 7574 0a61 6c6c 6f77 7320 6f6e 6520 746f ut.allows one to\n+00021bd0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206d return to the m\n+00021be0: 656e 7520 6966 2064 6573 6972 6564 2062 enu if desired b\n+00021bf0: 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 4553 433e y pressing \n+00021c00: 2920 6f72 2074 6f0a 6564 6974 2061 6e79 ) or to.edit any\n+00021c10: 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 of the ...boot \n+00021c20: 656e 7472 6965 73e2 809d 2062 7920 7072 entries... by pr\n+00021c30: 6573 7369 6e67 203c 653e 2e0a 0a20 2020 essing ... \n+00021c40: 4966 2079 6f75 2070 726f 7465 6374 2074 If you protect t\n+00021c50: 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 he menu interfac\n+00021c60: 6520 7769 7468 2061 2070 6173 7377 6f72 e with a passwor\n+00021c70: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 d (*note Securit\n+00021c80: 793a 3a29 2c0a 616c 6c20 796f 7520 6361 y::),.all you ca\n+00021c90: 6e20 646f 2069 7320 6368 6f6f 7365 2061 n do is choose a\n+00021ca0: 6e20 656e 7472 7920 6279 2070 7265 7373 n entry by press\n+00021cb0: 696e 6720 3c52 4554 3e2c 206f 7220 7072 ing , or pr\n+00021cc0: 6573 7320 3c70 3e20 746f 0a65 6e74 6572 ess

to.enter\n+00021cd0: 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642e 0a0a the password...\n+00021ce0: 2020 2050 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c43 7472 Pressing will refres\n+00021d00: 6820 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 7768 6963 h the menu, whic\n+00021d10: 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 h can be useful \n+00021d20: 7768 656e 0a63 6f6e 6e65 6374 696e 6720 when.connecting \n+00021d30: 7669 6120 7365 7269 616c 2061 6674 6572 via serial after\n+00021d40: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6861 7320 6265 the menu has be\n+00021d50: 656e 2064 7261 776e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c en drawn.....Fil\n+00021d60: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00021d70: 6f64 653a 204d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 ode: Menu entry \n+00021d80: 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d editor, Prev: M\n+00021d90: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 enu interface, \n+00021da0: 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 Up: Interface..1\n+00021db0: 342e 3320 4564 6974 696e 6720 6120 6d65 4.3 Editing a me\n+00021dc0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nu entry.=======\n+00021dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00021de0: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ==..The menu ent\n+00021df0: 7279 2065 6469 746f 7220 6c6f 6f6b 7320 ry editor looks \n+00021e00: 6d75 6368 206c 696b 6520 7468 6520 6d61 much like the ma\n+00021e10: 696e 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 in menu interfac\n+00021e20: 652c 2062 7574 2074 6865 0a6c 696e 6573 e, but the.lines\n+00021e30: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 7265 in the menu are\n+00021e40: 2069 6e64 6976 6964 7561 6c20 636f 6d6d individual comm\n+00021e50: 616e 6473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 ands in the sele\n+00021e60: 6374 6564 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6e73 7465 cted entry inste\n+00021e70: 6164 0a6f 6620 656e 7472 7920 6e61 6d65 ad.of entry name\n+00021e80: 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 616e 203c 4553 s... If an is pressed in\n+00021ea0: 2074 6865 2065 6469 746f 722c 2069 7420 the editor, it \n+00021eb0: 6162 6f72 7473 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2063 aborts all the c\n+00021ec0: 6861 6e67 6573 206d 6164 650a 746f 2074 hanges made.to t\n+00021ed0: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he configuration\n+00021ee0: 2065 6e74 7279 2061 6e64 2072 6574 7572 entry and retur\n+00021ef0: 6e73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 696e 206d ns to the main m\n+00021f00: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e 0a0a enu interface...\n+00021f10: 2020 2045 6163 6820 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 Each line in \n+00021f20: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 the menu entry c\n+00021f30: 616e 2062 6520 6564 6974 6564 2066 7265 an be edited fre\n+00021f40: 656c 792c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 2063 616e ely, and you can\n+00021f50: 2061 6464 206e 6577 0a6c 696e 6573 2062 add new.lines b\n+00021f60: 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 5245 543e y pressing \n+00021f70: 2061 7420 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2061 at the end of a\n+00021f80: 206c 696e 652e 2020 546f 2062 6f6f 7420 line. To boot \n+00021f90: 7468 6520 6564 6974 6564 2065 6e74 7279 the edited entry\n+00021fa0: 2c0a 7072 6573 7320 3c43 7472 6c2d 783e ,.press \n+00021fb0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 416c 7468 6f75 6768 2047 ... 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Environment \n+00022140: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6861 7665 2061 variables have a\n+00022150: 206e 616d 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 730a name, which is.\n+00022160: 756e 6971 7565 2061 6e64 2069 7320 7573 unique and is us\n+00022170: 7561 6c6c 7920 6120 7368 6f72 7420 6964 ually a short id\n+00022180: 656e 7469 6669 6572 2c20 616e 6420 6120 entifier, and a \n+00022190: 7661 6c75 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 value, which is \n+000221a0: 616e 0a61 7262 6974 7261 7279 2073 7472 an.arbitrary str\n+000221b0: 696e 6720 6f66 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 ing of character\n+000221c0: 732e 2020 5468 6579 206d 6179 2062 6520 s. 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6c65 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 oot_file::.* net\n-00022550: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 __cli\n-00022560: 656e 7469 643a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 entid::.* net__client\n-00022580: 7575 6964 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e uuid::.* net__dhcp_se\n-000225a0: 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 653a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 rver_name::.* ne\n-000225b0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f t__do\n-000225c0: 6d61 696e 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e main::.* net__extensi\n-000225e0: 6f6e 7370 6174 683a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f onspath::.* net_\n-000225f0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f 7374 _host\n-00022600: 6e61 6d65 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e name::.* net__ip::.* \n-00022620: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00022630: 6d61 633a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 mac::.* net__next_ser\n-00022650: 7665 723a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ver::.* net__rootpath\n-00022670: 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ::.* net_default\n-00022680: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 0a2a 206e _interface::.* n\n-00022690: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 703a 3a0a et_default_ip::.\n-000226a0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 * net_default_ma\n-000226b0: 633a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c c::.* net_defaul\n-000226c0: 745f 7365 7276 6572 3a3a 0a2a 2070 6167 t_server::.* pag\n-000226d0: 6572 3a3a 0a2a 2070 7265 6669 783a 3a0a er::.* prefix::.\n-000226e0: 2a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 653a 3a0a * pxe_blksize::.\n-000226f0: 2a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 * pxe_default_ga\n-00022700: 7465 7761 793a 3a0a 2a20 7078 655f 6465 teway::.* pxe_de\n-00022710: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 3a3a 0a2a fault_server::.*\n-00022720: 2072 6f6f 743a 3a0a 2a20 7368 696d 5f6c root::.* shim_l\n-00022730: 6f63 6b3a 3a0a 2a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 ock::.* superuse\n-00022740: 7273 3a3a 0a2a 2074 6865 6d65 3a3a 0a2a rs::.* theme::.*\n-00022750: 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 0a2a 2074 696d timeout::.* tim\n-00022760: 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a 0a2a 2074 eout_style::.* t\n-00022770: 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c3a 3a0a pm_fail_fatal::.\n-00022780: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00022790: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 696f 736e fo, Node: biosn\n-000227a0: 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6865 636b um, Next: check\n-000227b0: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 _signatures, Up\n-000227c0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-000227d0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-000227e0: 0a31 352e 312e 3120 6269 6f73 6e75 6d0a .15.1.1 biosnum.\n-000227f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00022800: 5768 656e 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 When chain-loadi\n-00022810: 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 ng another boot \n-00022820: 6c6f 6164 6572 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 loader (*note Ch\n-00022830: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 ain-loading::), \n-00022840: 4752 5542 206d 6179 0a6e 6565 6420 746f GRUB may.need to\n-00022850: 206b 6e6f 7720 7768 6174 2042 494f 5320 know what BIOS \n-00022860: 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2063 6f72 drive number cor\n-00022870: 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7468 6520 responds to the \n-00022880: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 650a 282a 6e6f root device.(*no\n-00022890: 7465 2072 6f6f 743a 3a29 2073 6f20 7468 te root::) so th\n-000228a0: 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7365 7420 7570 at it can set up\n-000228b0: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 2070 726f 7065 registers prope\n-000228c0: 726c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2042 494f rly. If the BIO\n-000228d0: 534e 554d 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 SNUM.variable is\n-000228e0: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206f 7665 7272 6964 set, it overrid\n-000228f0: 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 6f77 6e20 6d65 es GRUB's own me\n-00022900: 616e 7320 6f66 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 ans of guessing \n-00022910: 7468 6973 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 616e this... For an\n-00022920: 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2061 7070 alternative app\n-00022930: 726f 6163 6820 7768 6963 6820 616c 736f roach which also\n-00022940: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2042 494f 5320 6472 changes BIOS dr\n-00022950: 6976 6520 6d61 7070 696e 6773 0a66 6f72 ive mappings.for\n-00022960: 2074 6865 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 the chain-loade\n-00022970: 6420 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 d system, *note \n-00022980: 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 drivemap::.....F\n-00022990: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000229a0: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 Node: check_sig\n-000229b0: 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 natures, Next: \n-000229c0: 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 chosen, Prev: b\n-000229d0: 696f 736e 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 iosnum, Up: Spe\n-000229e0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-000229f0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00022a00: 2e32 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 .2 check_signatu\n-00022a10: 7265 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d res.------------\n-00022a20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n-00022a30: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7472 s variable contr\n-00022a40: 6f6c 7320 7768 6574 6865 7220 4752 5542 ols whether GRUB\n-00022a50: 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 7320 6469 6769 7461 enforces digita\n-00022a60: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 650a 7661 6c69 l signature.vali\n-00022a70: 6461 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 dation on loaded\n-00022a80: 2066 696c 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 files. *Note U\n-00022a90: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n-00022aa0: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 natures::.....Fi\n-00022ab0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00022ac0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 204e Node: chosen, N\n-00022ad0: 6578 743a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 2050 ext: cmdpath, P\n-00022ae0: 7265 763a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 rev: check_signa\n-00022af0: 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 tures, Up: Spec\n-00022b00: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00022b10: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00022b20: 3320 6368 6f73 656e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 chosen.-------\n-00022b30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5768 656e 2065 7865 ------..When exe\n-00022b40: 6375 7469 6e67 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e cuting a menu en\n-00022b50: 7472 792c 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 try, GRUB sets t\n-00022b60: 6865 2043 484f 5345 4e20 7661 7269 6162 he CHOSEN variab\n-00022b70: 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7469 746c 650a le to the title.\n-00022b80: 6f66 2074 6865 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6569 of the entry bei\n-00022b90: 6e67 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 ng executed... \n-00022ba0: 2049 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 If the menu ent\n-00022bb0: 7279 2069 7320 696e 206f 6e65 206f 7220 ry is in one or \n-00022bc0: 6d6f 7265 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 732c 2074 more submenus, t\n-00022bd0: 6865 6e20 4348 4f53 454e 2069 7320 7365 hen CHOSEN is se\n-00022be0: 7420 746f 0a74 6865 2074 6974 6c65 7320 t to.the titles \n-00022bf0: 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 of each of the s\n-00022c00: 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 6172 7469 6e67 ubmenus starting\n-00022c10: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 746f 7020 6c65 from the top le\n-00022c20: 7665 6c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 0a62 7920 vel followed.by \n-00022c30: 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the title of the\n-00022c40: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6974 7365 menu entry itse\n-00022c50: 6c66 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 lf, separated by\n-00022c60: 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ...>........Fil\n-00022c70: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00022c80: 6f64 653a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 204e ode: cmdpath, N\n-00022c90: 6578 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c ext: color_highl\n-00022ca0: 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 686f ight, Prev: cho\n-00022cb0: 7365 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 sen, Up: Specia\n-00022cc0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00022cd0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3420 riables..15.1.4 \n-00022ce0: 636d 6470 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cmdpath.--------\n-00022cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 ------..The loca\n-00022d00: 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6963 6820 tion from which \n-00022d10: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2077 ...core.img... w\n-00022d20: 6173 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 as loaded as an \n-00022d30: 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2064 6972 6563 746f absolute directo\n-00022d40: 7279 0a6e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 ry.name (*note F\n-00022d50: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a ile name syntax:\n-00022d60: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2073 6574 :). This is set\n-00022d70: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 by GRUB at star\n-00022d80: 7475 7020 6261 7365 640a 6f6e 2069 6e66 tup based.on inf\n-00022d90: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7572 6e65 ormation returne\n-00022da0: 6420 6279 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6669 d by platform fi\n-00022db0: 726d 7761 7265 2e20 204e 6f74 2065 7665 rmware. Not eve\n-00022dc0: 7279 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 7072 6f76 ry platform.prov\n-00022dd0: 6964 6573 2074 6869 7320 696e 666f 726d ides this inform\n-00022de0: 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206d ation and some m\n-00022df0: 6179 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2064 ay return only d\n-00022e00: 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7061 evice without pa\n-00022e10: 7468 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 th.name.....File\n-00022e20: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00022e30: 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 de: color_highli\n-00022e40: 6768 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6c6f ght, Next: colo\n-00022e50: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a r_normal, Prev:\n-00022e60: 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2053 cmdpath, Up: S\n-00022e70: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00022e80: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00022e90: 2e31 2e35 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c .1.5 color_highl\n-00022ea0: 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ight.-----------\n-00022eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n-00022ec0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 s variable conta\n-00022ed0: 696e 7320 7468 6520 2268 6967 686c 6967 ins the \"highlig\n-00022ee0: 6874 2220 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 ht\" foreground a\n-00022ef0: 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a 7465 nd background.te\n-00022f00: 726d 696e 616c 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 rminal colors, s\n-00022f10: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c eparated by a sl\n-00022f20: 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 ash (.../...). \n-00022f30: 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2076 6172 Setting this var\n-00022f40: 6961 626c 650a 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 iable.changes th\n-00022f50: 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 ose colors. For\n-00022f60: 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 the available c\n-00022f70: 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c20 2a6e 6f74 olor names, *not\n-00022f80: 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a e.color_normal::\n-00022f90: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c ... The defaul\n-00022fa0: 7420 6973 20e2 8098 626c 6163 6b2f 6c69 t is ...black/li\n-00022fb0: 6768 742d 6772 6179 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a ght-gray........\n-00022fc0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00022fd0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f Node: color_no\n-00022fe0: 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e rmal, Next: con\n-00022ff0: 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 fig_directory, \n-00023000: 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 Prev: color_high\n-00023010: 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 light, Up: Spec\n-00023020: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00023030: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00023040: 3620 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 6 color_normal.-\n-00023050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00023060: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n-00023070: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2022 e contains the \"\n-00023080: 6e6f 726d 616c 2220 666f 7265 6772 6f75 normal\" foregrou\n-00023090: 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e nd and backgroun\n-000230a0: 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a63 6f6c 6f72 d terminal.color\n-000230b0: 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 s, separated by \n-000230c0: 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 a slash (.../...\n-000230d0: 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 ). Setting this\n-000230e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 variable change\n-000230f0: 7320 7468 6f73 650a 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 s those.colors. \n-00023100: 2045 6163 6820 636f 6c6f 7220 6d75 7374 Each color must\n-00023110: 2062 6520 6120 6e61 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 be a name from \n-00023120: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6c69 the following li\n-00023130: 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626c 6163 st:.. ... blac\n-00023140: 6b0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6c75 650a 2020 k. ... blue. \n-00023150: 20e2 80a2 2067 7265 656e 0a20 2020 e280 ... green. ..\n-00023160: a220 6379 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7265 . cyan. ... re\n-00023170: 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6167 656e 7461 d. ... magenta\n-00023180: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6272 6f77 6e0a 2020 . ... brown. \n-00023190: 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 790a ... light-gray.\n-000231a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2064 6172 6b2d 6772 6179 ... dark-gray\n-000231b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 626c . ... light-bl\n-000231c0: 7565 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d ue. ... light-\n-000231d0: 6772 6565 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 green. ... lig\n-000231e0: 6874 2d63 7961 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c ht-cyan. ... l\n-000231f0: 6967 6874 2d72 6564 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ight-red. ... \n-00023200: 6c69 6768 742d 6d61 6765 6e74 610a 2020 light-magenta. \n-00023210: 20e2 80a2 2079 656c 6c6f 770a 2020 20e2 ... yellow. .\n-00023220: 80a2 2077 6869 7465 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 .. white.. The\n-00023230: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 986c default is ...l\n-00023240: 6967 6874 2d67 7261 792f 626c 6163 6be2 ight-gray/black.\n-00023250: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f ..... 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(*n\n+00022830: 6f74 6520 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e ote Chain-loadin\n+00022840: 673a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 206d 6179 0a6e g::), GRUB may.n\n+00022850: 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 7768 6174 eed to know what\n+00022860: 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 BIOS drive numb\n+00022870: 6572 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 er corresponds t\n+00022880: 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 o the root devic\n+00022890: 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2072 6f6f 743a 3a29 e.(*note root::)\n+000228a0: 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 so that it can \n+000228b0: 7365 7420 7570 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 set up registers\n+000228c0: 2070 726f 7065 726c 792e 2020 4966 2074 properly. 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If the me\n+00022bb0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e 206f nu entry is in o\n+00022bc0: 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2073 7562 6d65 ne or more subme\n+00022bd0: 6e75 732c 2074 6865 6e20 4348 4f53 454e nus, then CHOSEN\n+00022be0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a74 6865 2074 is set to.the t\n+00022bf0: 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 itles of each of\n+00022c00: 2074 6865 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 the submenus st\n+00022c10: 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 arting from the \n+00022c20: 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 top level follow\n+00022c30: 6564 0a62 7920 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 ed.by the title \n+00022c40: 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 of the menu entr\n+00022c50: 7920 6974 7365 6c66 2c20 7365 7061 7261 y itself, separa\n+00022c60: 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 2e0a ted by ...>.....\n+00022c70: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00022c80: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d64 7061 fo, Node: cmdpa\n+00022c90: 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 th, Next: color\n+00022ca0: 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 _highlight, Pre\n+00022cb0: 763a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 v: chosen, Up: \n+00022cc0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00022cd0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00022ce0: 352e 312e 3420 636d 6470 6174 680a 2d2d 5.1.4 cmdpath.--\n+00022cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+00022d00: 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 e location from \n+00022d10: 7768 6963 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d which ...core.im\n+00022d20: 67e2 8099 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 6420 g... was loaded \n+00022d30: 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2064 as an absolute d\n+00022d40: 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6e 616d 6520 282a irectory.name (*\n+00022d50: 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 note File name s\n+00022d60: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 yntax::). This \n+00022d70: 6973 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 is set by GRUB a\n+00022d80: 7420 7374 6172 7475 7020 6261 7365 640a t startup based.\n+00022d90: 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2072 on information r\n+00022da0: 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 2070 6c61 7466 eturned by platf\n+00022db0: 6f72 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 204e orm firmware. N\n+00022dc0: 6f74 2065 7665 7279 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 ot every platfor\n+00022dd0: 6d0a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2074 6869 7320 m.provides this \n+00022de0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 information and \n+00022df0: 736f 6d65 206d 6179 2072 6574 7572 6e20 some may return \n+00022e00: 6f6e 6c79 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 only device with\n+00022e10: 6f75 7420 7061 7468 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a out path.name...\n+00022e20: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00022e30: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f o, Node: color_\n+00022e40: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 4e65 7874 highlight, Next\n+00022e50: 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 : color_normal, \n+00022e60: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 Prev: cmdpath, \n+00022e70: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00022e80: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00022e90: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e35 2063 6f6c 6f72 es..15.1.5 color\n+00022ea0: 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d _highlight.-----\n+00022eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00022ec0: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n+00022ed0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 2268 contains the \"h\n+00022ee0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 2220 666f 7265 6772 ighlight\" foregr\n+00022ef0: 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f ound and backgro\n+00022f00: 756e 640a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2063 6f6c und.terminal col\n+00022f10: 6f72 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ors, separated b\n+00022f20: 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 y a slash (.../.\n+00022f30: 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 ..). Setting th\n+00022f40: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 6368 616e is variable.chan\n+00022f50: 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 ges those colors\n+00022f60: 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c . For the avail\n+00022f70: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 able color names\n+00022f80: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f , *note.color_no\n+00022f90: 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 rmal::... The \n+00022fa0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 626c default is ...bl\n+00022fb0: 6163 6b2f 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 e280 ack/light-gray..\n+00022fc0: 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ......File: grub\n+00022fd0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f .info, Node: co\n+00022fe0: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 lor_normal, Nex\n+00022ff0: 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 t: config_direct\n+00023000: 6f72 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f ory, Prev: colo\n+00023010: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5570 r_highlight, Up\n+00023020: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00023030: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00023040: 0a31 352e 312e 3620 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f .15.1.6 color_no\n+00023050: 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rmal.-----------\n+00023060: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n+00023070: 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 ariable contains\n+00023080: 2074 6865 2022 6e6f 726d 616c 2220 666f the \"normal\" fo\n+00023090: 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 reground and bac\n+000230a0: 6b67 726f 756e 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c kground terminal\n+000230b0: 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 .colors, separat\n+000230c0: 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 ed by a slash (.\n+000230d0: 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e ../...). Settin\n+000230e0: 6720 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 g this variable \n+000230f0: 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 650a 636f changes those.co\n+00023100: 6c6f 7273 2e20 2045 6163 6820 636f 6c6f lors. Each colo\n+00023110: 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 6e61 6d65 r must be a name\n+00023120: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 from the follow\n+00023130: 696e 6720 6c69 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 ing list:.. ..\n+00023140: a220 626c 6163 6b0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 . black. ... b\n+00023150: 6c75 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 2067 7265 656e lue. ... green\n+00023160: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6379 616e 0a20 2020 . ... cyan. \n+00023170: e280 a220 7265 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d ... red. ... m\n+00023180: 6167 656e 7461 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6272 agenta. ... br\n+00023190: 6f77 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 own. ... light\n+000231a0: 2d67 7261 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 2064 6172 -gray. ... dar\n+000231b0: 6b2d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 k-gray. ... li\n+000231c0: 6768 742d 626c 7565 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ght-blue. ... \n+000231d0: 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6565 6e0a 2020 20e2 light-green. .\n+000231e0: 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d63 7961 6e0a 2020 .. light-cyan. \n+000231f0: 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d72 6564 0a20 ... light-red. \n+00023200: 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6d61 6765 ... light-mage\n+00023210: 6e74 610a 2020 20e2 80a2 2079 656c 6c6f nta. ... yello\n+00023220: 770a 2020 20e2 80a2 2077 6869 7465 0a0a w. ... white..\n+00023230: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n+00023240: 7320 e280 986c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 792f s ...light-gray/\n+00023250: 626c 6163 6be2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 black...... 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(default for \n+000233f0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2041 5243 292c console on ARC),\n+00023400: 0ae2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 9920 ....ieee1275... \n+00023410: 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e (default for con\n+00023420: 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 4945 4545 3132 3735 sole on IEEE1275\n+00023430: 292e 2020 5768 656e 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 ). When in mode\n+00023440: 20e2 8098 7674 3130 30e2 8099 2074 6865 ...vt100... the\n+00023450: 6e0a 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 n.the color supp\n+00023460: 6f72 7420 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 ort is limited t\n+00023470: 6f20 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7469 6e67 2062 o highlighting b\n+00023480: 7920 626c 6163 6b2f 7768 6974 6520 7265 y black/white re\n+00023490: 7665 7273 616c 2e0a 5768 656e 2069 6e20 versal..When in \n+000234a0: 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 e280 9920 mode ...dumb... \n+000234b0: 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f there is no colo\n+000234c0: 7220 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a0a 2020 2057 r support... 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When.co\n+00023510: 6e73 6f6c 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2038 nsole supports 8\n+00023520: 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 colors, then th\n+00023530: 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2066 726f 6d20 7468 e colors from th\n+00023540: 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2068 616c 6620 6f66 e second half of\n+00023550: 2074 6865 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6c69 the.previous li\n+00023560: 7374 2061 7265 206d 6170 7065 6420 746f st are mapped to\n+00023570: 2074 6865 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 636f the matching co\n+00023580: 6c6f 7273 206f 6620 6669 7273 7420 6861 lors of first ha\n+00023590: 6c66 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 736f lf... ...conso\n+000235a0: 6c65 e280 9920 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 6e64 le... on EFI and\n+000235b0: 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 e280 9876 6761 BIOS and ...vga\n+000235c0: 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2073 7570 706f 7274 _text... support\n+000235d0: 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2e0a all 16 colors..\n+000235e0: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 . ...gfxterm..\n+000235f0: 9920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2061 6c6c 2031 . supports all 1\n+00023600: 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2061 6e64 2077 6f75 6 colors and wou\n+00023610: 6c64 2062 6520 7468 656f 7265 7469 6361 ld be theoretica\n+00023620: 6c6c 790a 6578 7465 6e64 6162 6c65 2074 lly.extendable t\n+00023630: 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7768 6f6c 6520 o support whole \n+00023640: 7267 6232 3420 7061 6c65 7474 6520 6275 rgb24 palette bu\n+00023650: 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 6572 t currently ther\n+00023660: 6520 6973 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 656c 6c69 e is no.compelli\n+00023670: 6e67 2072 6561 736f 6e20 746f 2067 6f20 ng reason to go \n+00023680: 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 beyond the curre\n+00023690: 6e74 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2e0a 0a1f nt 16 colors....\n+000236a0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000236b0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f , Node: config_\n+000236c0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 4e65 7874 directory, Next\n+000236d0: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 : config_file, \n+000236e0: 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d Prev: color_norm\n+000236f0: 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c al, Up: Special\n+00023700: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00023710: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e37 2063 iables..15.1.7 c\n+00023720: 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a onfig_directory.\n 00023730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00023740: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n-00023750: 2069 7320 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c is automaticall\n-00023760: 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f y set by GRUB to\n-00023770: 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2070 the directory p\n-00023780: 6172 7420 6f66 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2063 art of.current c\n-00023790: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-000237a0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f e name (*note co\n-000237b0: 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f nfig_file::)....\n-000237c0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000237d0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f , Node: config_\n-000237e0: 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6562 file, Next: deb\n-000237f0: 7567 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 ug, Prev: confi\n-00023800: 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 g_directory, Up\n-00023810: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00023820: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00023830: 0a31 352e 312e 3820 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 .15.1.8 config_f\n-00023840: 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ile.------------\n-00023850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n-00023860: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 iable is automat\n-00023870: 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 ically set by GR\n-00023880: 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f UB to the name o\n-00023890: 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a f configuration.\n-000238a0: 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 6973 2062 6569 file that is bei\n-000238b0: 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 2062 7920 ng processed by \n-000238c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 commands ...conf\n-000238d0: 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 igfile... (*note\n-000238e0: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 206f .configfile::) o\n-000238f0: 7220 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 r ...normal... (\n-00023900: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e *note normal::).\n-00023910: 2020 4974 2069 7320 7265 7374 6f72 6564 It is restored\n-00023920: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 7072 6576 696f 7573 to the.previous\n-00023930: 2076 616c 7565 2077 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d value when comm\n-00023940: 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 732e 0a0a and completes...\n-00023950: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00023960: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 6275 672c o, Node: debug,\n-00023970: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c Next: default,\n-00023980: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 Prev: config_f\n-00023990: 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ile, Up: Specia\n-000239a0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-000239b0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3920 riables..15.1.9 \n-000239c0: 6465 6275 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d debug.----------\n-000239d0: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n-000239e0: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e may be set to \n-000239f0: 656e 6162 6c65 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 enable debugging\n-00023a00: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 output from var\n-00023a10: 696f 7573 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 ious.components \n-00023a20: 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2054 6865 2076 616c of GRUB. The val\n-00023a30: 7565 2069 7320 616e 206f 7264 6572 6564 ue is an ordered\n-00023a40: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 6562 7567 2066 list of debug f\n-00023a50: 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 730a 7365 acility names.se\n-00023a60: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 6869 7465 parated by white\n-00023a70: 7370 6163 6520 6f72 20e2 8098 2ce2 8099 space or ...,...\n-00023a80: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 . If the specia\n-00023a90: 6c20 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6564 l facility named\n-00023aa0: 20e2 8098 616c 6ce2 8099 2069 730a 7072 ...all... is.pr\n-00023ab0: 6573 656e 7420 7468 656e 2064 6562 7567 esent then debug\n-00023ac0: 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2061 ging output of a\n-00023ad0: 6c6c 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 ll facility name\n-00023ae0: 7320 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2061 7420 s is enabled at \n-00023af0: 7468 650a 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2070 726f the.start of pro\n-00023b00: 6365 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 7661 6c75 cessing the valu\n-00023b10: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 e of this variab\n-00023b20: 6c65 2e20 2041 2066 6163 696c 6974 7927 le. A facility'\n-00023b30: 7320 6465 6275 670a 6f75 7470 7574 2063 s debug.output c\n-00023b40: 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2064 6973 6162 an then be disab\n-00023b50: 6c65 6420 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 led by prefixing\n-00023b60: 2069 7473 206e 616d 6520 7769 7468 2061 its name with a\n-00023b70: 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 206c ...-.... The l\n-00023b80: 6173 740a 6f63 6375 7265 6e63 6520 6661 ast.occurence fa\n-00023b90: 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6520 7769 7468 cility name with\n-00023ba0: 206f 7220 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6120 6c65 or without a le\n-00023bb0: 6164 696e 6720 e280 982d e280 9920 7461 ading ...-... ta\n-00023bc0: 6b65 7320 7072 6563 656e 6465 6e74 0a6f kes precendent.o\n-00023bd0: 7665 7220 616e 7920 7072 6576 696f 7573 ver any previous\n-00023be0: 206f 6363 7572 656e 6365 2e20 2054 6869 occurence. 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Consult t\n-00023d00: 6865 2073 6f75 7263 6520 666f 7220 6d6f he source for mo\n-00023d10: 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 re details.....F\n-00023d20: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00023d30: 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 Node: default, \n-00023d40: 204e 6578 743a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c Next: fallback,\n-00023d50: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 Prev: debug, \n-00023d60: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00023d70: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00023d80: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3130 2064 6566 6175 s..15.1.10 defau\n-00023d90: 6c74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lt.-------------\n-00023da0: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n-00023db0: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 able is set, it \n-00023dc0: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 2061 206d 656e identifies a men\n-00023dd0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 7468 6174 2073 686f u entry that sho\n-00023de0: 756c 6420 6265 0a73 656c 6563 7465 6420 uld be.selected \n-00023df0: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 706f 7373 by default, poss\n-00023e00: 6962 6c79 2061 6674 6572 2061 2074 696d ibly after a tim\n-00023e10: 656f 7574 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 eout (*note time\n-00023e20: 6f75 743a 3a29 2e20 2054 6865 0a65 6e74 out::). 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Mini\n-00024120: 7820 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 0a20 2020 x --id=minix. \n-00024130: 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e Version 3.\n-00024140: 342e 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 4.0 --id=minix-3\n-00024150: 2e34 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 .4.0. Ve\n-00024160: 7273 696f 6e20 332e 332e 3020 2d2d 6964 rsion 3.3.0 --id\n-00024170: 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e33 2e30 0a20 2020 =minix-3.3.0. \n-00024180: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2049 6e76 6164 6572 GRUB Invader\n-00024190: 7320 2d2d 6964 3d67 7275 622d 696e 7661 s --id=grub-inva\n-000241a0: 6465 7273 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206d 6f72 ders.. The mor\n-000241b0: 6520 7265 6365 6e74 2072 656c 6561 7365 e recent release\n-000241c0: 206f 6620 4d69 6e69 7820 776f 756c 6420 of Minix would \n-000241d0: 7468 656e 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 then be identifi\n-000241e0: 6564 2061 7320 e280 984f 7468 6572 0a70 ed as ...Other.p\n-000241f0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3e4d 696e 6978 3e56 latforms>Minix>V\n-00024200: 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 e280 992c ersion 3.4.0...,\n-00024210: 206f 7220 6173 20e2 8098 313e 303e 30e2 or as ...1>0>0.\n-00024220: 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 730a e280 986f 7468 .., or as....oth\n-00024230: 6572 3e6d 696e 6978 3e6d 696e 6978 2d33 er>minix>minix-3\n-00024240: 2e34 2e30 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 .4.0...... Thi\n-00024250: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 s variable is of\n-00024260: 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 ten set by ...GR\n-00024270: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 9920 282a UB_DEFAULT... (*\n-00024280: 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 note Simple.conf\n-00024290: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2c20 e280 iguration::), ..\n-000242a0: 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c .grub-set-defaul\n-000242b0: 74e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 t..., or ...grub\n-000242c0: 2d72 6562 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 -reboot........F\n-000242d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000242e0: 204e 6f64 653a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c Node: fallback,\n-000242f0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c Next: gfxmode,\n-00024300: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c Prev: default,\n-00024310: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00024320: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00024330: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3131 2066 616c les..15.1.11 fal\n-00024340: 6c62 6163 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lback.----------\n-00024350: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n-00024360: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c variable is set,\n-00024370: 2069 7420 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 2061 it identifies a\n-00024380: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7468 6174 menu entry that\n-00024390: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 0a73 656c 6563 should be.selec\n-000243a0: 7465 6420 6966 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 ted if the defau\n-000243b0: 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6661 lt menu entry fa\n-000243c0: 696c 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 456e ils to boot. En\n-000243d0: 7472 6965 7320 6172 650a 6964 656e 7469 tries are.identi\n-000243e0: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 fied in the same\n-000243f0: 2077 6179 2061 7320 666f 7220 e280 9864 way as for ...d\n-00024400: 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 efault... (*note\n-00024410: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a default::).....\n-00024420: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00024430: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c Node: gfxmode,\n-00024440: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f Next: gfxpaylo\n-00024450: 6164 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 616c 6c62 ad, Prev: fallb\n-00024460: 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ack, Up: Specia\n-00024470: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00024480: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3132 riables..15.1.12\n-00024490: 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gfxmode.-------\n-000244a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 --------..If thi\n-000244b0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 s variable is se\n-000244c0: 742c 2069 7420 7365 7473 2074 6865 2072 t, it sets the r\n-000244d0: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f esolution used o\n-000244e0: 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d n the ...gfxterm\n-000244f0: e280 990a 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 ....graphical te\n-00024500: 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 rminal. Note th\n-00024510: 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 at you can only \n-00024520: 7573 6520 6d6f 6465 7320 7768 6963 6820 use modes which \n-00024530: 796f 7572 0a67 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 your.graphics ca\n-00024540: 7264 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7669 6120 rd supports via \n-00024550: 5645 5341 2042 494f 5320 4578 7465 6e73 VESA BIOS Extens\n-00024560: 696f 6e73 2028 5642 4529 2c20 736f 2066 ions (VBE), so f\n-00024570: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a6e 6174 6976 or example.nativ\n-00024580: 6520 4c43 4420 7061 6e65 6c20 7265 736f e LCD panel reso\n-00024590: 6c75 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 lutions may not \n-000245a0: 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 be available. T\n-000245b0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 730a e280 he default is...\n-000245c0: 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 .auto..., which \n-000245d0: 7365 6c65 6374 7320 6120 706c 6174 666f selects a platfo\n-000245e0: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6465 6661 rm-specific defa\n-000245f0: 756c 7420 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 ult that should \n-00024600: 6c6f 6f6b 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 652e look.reasonable.\n-00024610: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 Supported mode\n-00024620: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6973 7465 6420 s can be listed \n-00024630: 6279 20e2 8098 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6fe2 by ...videoinfo.\n-00024640: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e0a 4752 .. command in.GR\n-00024650: 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 736f UB... The reso\n-00024660: 6c75 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 7370 lution may be sp\n-00024670: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2061 2073 6571 ecified as a seq\n-00024680: 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 206f 6e65 206f 7220 uence of one or \n-00024690: 6d6f 7265 206d 6f64 6573 2c0a 7365 7061 more modes,.sepa\n-000246a0: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 7320 rated by commas \n-000246b0: 28e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2920 6f72 2073 656d (...,...) or sem\n-000246c0: 6963 6f6c 6f6e 7320 28e2 8098 3be2 8099 icolons (...;...\n-000246d0: 293b 2065 6163 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ); each will be \n-000246e0: 7472 6965 6420 696e 0a74 7572 6e20 756e tried in.turn un\n-000246f0: 7469 6c20 6f6e 6520 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 til one is found\n-00024700: 2e20 2045 6163 6820 6d6f 6465 2073 686f . Each mode sho\n-00024710: 756c 6420 6265 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 uld be either ..\n-00024720: 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2c0a e280 9857 4944 .auto...,....WID\n-00024730: 5448 7848 4549 4748 54e2 8099 2c20 6f72 THxHEIGHT..., or\n-00024740: 20e2 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 ...WIDTHxHEIGHT\n-00024750: 7844 4550 5448 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 xDEPTH........Fi\n-00024760: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00024770: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 Node: gfxpayload\n-00024780: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6678 7465 726d , Next: gfxterm\n-00024790: 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 _font, Prev: gf\n-000247a0: 786d 6f64 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 xmode, Up: Spec\n-000247b0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-000247c0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-000247d0: 3133 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 640a 2d2d 13 gfxpayload.--\n-000247e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000247f0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n-00024800: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 636f le is set, it co\n-00024810: 6e74 726f 6c73 2074 6865 2076 6964 656f ntrols the video\n-00024820: 206d 6f64 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 mode in which t\n-00024830: 6865 204c 696e 7578 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 he Linux.kernel \n-00024840: 7374 6172 7473 2075 702c 2072 6570 6c61 starts up, repla\n-00024850: 6369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7667 613d cing the ...vga=\n-00024860: e280 9920 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ... boot option \n-00024870: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 292e (*note linux::).\n-00024880: 2020 4974 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 It.may be set \n-00024890: 746f 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 746f to ...text... to\n-000248a0: 2066 6f72 6365 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 force the Linux\n-000248b0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 kernel to boot \n-000248c0: 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 0a6d in normal text.m\n-000248d0: 6f64 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 e280 9920 ode, ...keep... \n-000248e0: 746f 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 to preserve the \n-000248f0: 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 6520 7365 graphics mode se\n-00024900: 7420 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 6d6f t using ...gfxmo\n-00024910: 6465 e280 992c 206f 7220 616e 790a 6f66 de..., or any.of\n-00024920: 2074 6865 2070 6572 6d69 7474 6564 2076 the permitted v\n-00024930: 616c 7565 7320 666f 7220 e280 9867 6678 alues for ...gfx\n-00024940: 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 746f 2073 6574 2061 mode... to set a\n-00024950: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6772 6170 particular grap\n-00024960: 6869 6373 206d 6f64 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 hics mode.(*note\n-00024970: 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 gfxmode::)... \n-00024980: 2044 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 796f Depending on yo\n-00024990: 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 ur kernel, your \n-000249a0: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f distribution, yo\n-000249b0: 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 ur graphics card\n-000249c0: 2c20 616e 640a 7468 6520 7068 6173 6520 , and.the phase \n-000249d0: 6f66 2074 6865 206d 6f6f 6e2c 206e 6f74 of the moon, not\n-000249e0: 6520 7468 6174 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 e that using thi\n-000249f0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2063 6175 s option may cau\n-00024a00: 7365 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a74 6f20 se GNU/Linux.to \n-00024a10: 7375 6666 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 suffer from vari\n-00024a20: 6f75 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 ous display prob\n-00024a30: 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 lems, particular\n-00024a40: 6c79 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 6561 ly during the ea\n-00024a50: 726c 790a 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 rly.part of the \n-00024a60: 626f 6f74 2073 6571 7565 6e63 652e 2020 boot sequence. \n-00024a70: 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7072 6f62 If you have prob\n-00024a80: 6c65 6d73 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 2076 lems, set this v\n-00024a90: 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 0ae2 8098 7465 ariable to....te\n-00024aa0: 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 xt... and GRUB w\n-00024ab0: 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 ill tell Linux t\n-00024ac0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c o boot in normal\n-00024ad0: 2074 6578 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 text mode... \n-00024ae0: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2070 The default is p\n-00024af0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 latform-specific\n-00024b00: 2e20 204f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 . On platforms \n-00024b10: 7769 7468 2061 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 with a native te\n-00024b20: 7874 0a6d 6f64 6520 2873 7563 6820 6173 xt.mode (such as\n-00024b30: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 PC BIOS platfor\n-00024b40: 6d73 292c 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ms), the default\n-00024b50: 2069 7320 e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2e20 is ...text.... \n-00024b60: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2074 6865 0a64 Otherwise the.d\n-00024b70: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 efault may be ..\n-00024b80: 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 206f 7220 6120 7370 .auto... or a sp\n-00024b90: 6563 6966 6963 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 ecific video mod\n-00024ba0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 e... This vari\n-00024bb0: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 able is often se\n-00024bc0: 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 t by ...GRUB_GFX\n-00024bd0: 5041 594c 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 PAYLOAD_LINUX...\n-00024be0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 (*note Simple.c\n-00024bf0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e onfiguration::).\n-00024c00: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00024c10: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7874 nfo, Node: gfxt\n-00024c20: 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a erm_font, Next:\n-00024c30: 2067 7275 625f 6370 752c 2020 5072 6576 grub_cpu, Prev\n-00024c40: 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 2055 : gfxpayload, U\n-00024c50: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00024c60: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00024c70: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3420 6766 7874 6572 ..15.1.14 gfxter\n-00024c80: 6d5f 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m_font.---------\n-00024c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n-00024ca0: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n-00024cb0: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 set, it names a\n-00024cc0: 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 font to use for\n-00024cd0: 2074 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 text on the....\n-00024ce0: 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2067 7261 7068 gfxterm... graph\n-00024cf0: 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 ical terminal. \n-00024d00: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 20e2 8098 6766 Otherwise, ...gf\n-00024d10: 7874 6572 6de2 8099 206d 6179 2075 7365 xterm... may use\n-00024d20: 2061 6e79 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 any.available f\n-00024d30: 6f6e 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ont.....File: gr\n-00024d40: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00024d50: 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 204e 6578 743a grub_cpu, Next:\n-00024d60: 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 grub_platform, \n-00024d70: 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 Prev: gfxterm_f\n-00024d80: 6f6e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ont, Up: Specia\n-00024d90: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00024da0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3135 riables..15.1.15\n-00024db0: 2067 7275 625f 6370 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d grub_cpu.------\n-00024dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e ----------..In n\n-00024dd0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 ormal mode (*not\n-00024de0: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 e normal::), GRU\n-00024df0: 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 B sets the ...gr\n-00024e00: 7562 5f63 7075 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 ub_cpu... variab\n-00024e10: 6c65 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 4350 5520 7479 le to.the CPU ty\n-00024e20: 7065 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 5255 pe for which GRU\n-00024e30: 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 2e67 B was built (e.g\n-00024e40: 2e20 20e2 8098 6933 3836 e280 9920 6f72 . ...i386... or\n-00024e50: 20e2 8098 706f 7765 7270 63e2 8099 292e ...powerpc...).\n-00024e60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00024e70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 nfo, Node: grub\n-00024e80: 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 _platform, Next\n-00024e90: 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 5072 6576 : icondir, Prev\n-00024ea0: 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 2055 703a : grub_cpu, Up:\n-00024eb0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00024ec0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00024ed0: 3135 2e31 2e31 3620 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 15.1.16 grub_pla\n-00024ee0: 7466 6f72 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tform.----------\n-00024ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 -----------..In \n-00024f00: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f normal mode (*no\n-00024f10: 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 te normal::), GR\n-00024f20: 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 UB sets the ...g\n-00024f30: 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d e280 9920 rub_platform... \n-00024f40: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 variable.to the \n-00024f50: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 6f72 2077 6869 platform for whi\n-00024f60: 6368 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c ch GRUB was buil\n-00024f70: 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 7063 e280 t (e.g. ...pc..\n-00024f80: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6566 69e2 8099 292e . or ...efi...).\n-00024f90: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00024fa0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6963 6f6e nfo, Node: icon\n-00024fb0: 6469 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c61 6e67 dir, Next: lang\n-00024fc0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 7275 625f 706c , Prev: grub_pl\n-00024fd0: 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 atform, Up: Spe\n-00024fe0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00024ff0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00025000: 2e31 3720 6963 6f6e 6469 720a 2d2d 2d2d .17 icondir.----\n-00025010: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n-00025020: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n-00025030: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 set, it names a\n-00025040: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2069 6e20 7768 directory in wh\n-00025050: 6963 6820 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a67 7261 ich the GRUB.gra\n-00025060: 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7368 6f75 phical menu shou\n-00025070: 6c64 206c 6f6f 6b20 666f 7220 6963 6f6e ld look for icon\n-00025080: 7320 6166 7465 7220 6c6f 6f6b 696e 6720 s after looking \n-00025090: 696e 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2773 0ae2 in the theme's..\n-000250a0: 8098 6963 6f6e 73e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 ..icons... direc\n-000250b0: 746f 7279 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 6865 tory. *Note The\n-000250c0: 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 3a3a me file format::\n-000250d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000250e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 616e info, Node: lan\n-000250f0: 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 g, Next: locale\n-00025100: 5f64 6972 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 636f _dir, Prev: ico\n-00025110: 6e64 6972 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 ndir, Up: Speci\n-00025120: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00025130: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 ariables..15.1.1\n-00025140: 3820 6c61 6e67 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 lang.---------\n-00025150: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n-00025160: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 iable is set, it\n-00025170: 206e 616d 6573 2074 6865 206c 616e 6775 names the langu\n-00025180: 6167 6520 636f 6465 2074 6861 7420 7468 age code that th\n-00025190: 6520 e280 9867 6574 7465 7874 e280 990a e ...gettext....\n-000251a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 command (*note g\n-000251b0: 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 2920 7573 6573 2074 ettext::) uses t\n-000251c0: 6f20 7472 616e 736c 6174 6520 7374 7269 o translate stri\n-000251d0: 6e67 732e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c ngs. For exampl\n-000251e0: 652c 0a46 7265 6e63 6820 776f 756c 6420 e,.French would \n-000251f0: 6265 206e 616d 6564 2061 7320 e280 9866 be named as ...f\n-00025200: 72e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 5369 6d70 6c69 r..., and Simpli\n-00025210: 6669 6564 2043 6869 6e65 7365 2061 7320 fied Chinese as \n-00025220: e280 987a 685f 434e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 ...zh_CN...... \n-00025230: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n-00025240: 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 g... (*note Simp\n-00025250: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n-00025260: 3a3a 2920 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 ::) will try to \n-00025270: 7365 7420 610a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 set a.reasonable\n-00025280: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 default for thi\n-00025290: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2062 6173 6564 s variable based\n-000252a0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 206c on the system l\n-000252b0: 6f63 616c 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ocale.....File: \n-000252c0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000252d0: 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 204e : locale_dir, N\n-000252e0: 6578 743a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 ext: lockdown, \n-000252f0: 5072 6576 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2055 703a Prev: lang, Up:\n-00025300: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00025310: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00025320: 3135 2e31 2e31 3920 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 15.1.19 locale_d\n-00025330: 6972 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ir.-------------\n-00025340: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n-00025350: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 ariable is set, \n-00025360: 6974 206e 616d 6573 2074 6865 2064 6972 it names the dir\n-00025370: 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 7261 ectory where tra\n-00025380: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 0a6d nslation files.m\n-00025390: 6179 2062 6520 666f 756e 6420 282a 6e6f ay be found (*no\n-000253a0: 7465 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 292c 2075 te gettext::), u\n-000253b0: 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f sually .../boot/\n-000253c0: 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e20 grub/locale.... \n-000253d0: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 696e 7465 Otherwise,.inte\n-000253e0: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e rnationalization\n-000253f0: 2069 7320 6469 7361 626c 6564 2e0a 0a20 is disabled... \n-00025400: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 ...grub-mkconf\n-00025410: 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d ig... (*note Sim\n-00025420: 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple configuratio\n-00025430: 6e3a 3a29 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 6120 n::) will set a \n-00025440: 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 0a64 6566 6175 reasonable.defau\n-00025450: 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 lt for this vari\n-00025460: 6162 6c65 2069 6620 696e 7465 726e 6174 able if internat\n-00025470: 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 ionalization is \n-00025480: 6e65 6564 6564 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 0a74 needed and any.t\n-00025490: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 ranslation files\n-000254a0: 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a are available..\n-000254b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000254c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 6b64 fo, Node: lockd\n-000254d0: 6f77 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 own, Next: menu\n-000254e0: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 _color_highlight\n-000254f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f63 616c 655f , Prev: locale_\n-00025500: 6469 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 dir, Up: Specia\n-00025510: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00025520: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3230 riables..15.1.20\n-00025530: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lockdown.------\n-00025540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 ----------..If t\n-00025550: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n-00025560: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 set to ...y..., \n-00025570: 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 it means that GR\n-00025580: 5542 2068 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 202a UB has entered *\n-00025590: 6e6f 7465 0a4c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 note.Lockdown:: \n-000255a0: 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 mode.....File: g\n-000255b0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000255c0: 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 menu_color_high\n-000255d0: 6c69 6768 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 light, Next: me\n-000255e0: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c nu_color_normal,\n-000255f0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e Prev: lockdown\n-00025600: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00025610: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00025620: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3120 6d65 bles..15.1.21 me\n-00025630: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 nu_color_highlig\n-00025640: 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ht.-------------\n-00025650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00025660: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 .This variable c\n-00025670: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 666f 7265 ontains the fore\n-00025680: 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 ground and backg\n-00025690: 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 round colors to \n-000256a0: 6265 2075 7365 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 be used.for the \n-000256b0: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 highlighted menu\n-000256c0: 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 entry, separate\n-000256d0: 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 d by a slash (..\n-000256e0: 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 ./...). Setting\n-000256f0: 0a74 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 .this variable c\n-00025700: 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c hanges those col\n-00025710: 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 ors. For the av\n-00025720: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 ailable color na\n-00025730: 6d65 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 mes,.*note color\n-00025740: 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 _normal::... T\n-00025750: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 7468 he default is th\n-00025760: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 636f e value of ...co\n-00025770: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 74e2 8099 lor_highlight...\n-00025780: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 (*note.color_hi\n-00025790: 6768 6c69 6768 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ghlight::).....F\n-000257a0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000257b0: 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f Node: menu_colo\n-000257c0: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a r_normal, Next:\n-000257d0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-000257e0: 5f62 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 _boot_file, Pre\n-000257f0: 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 v: menu_color_hi\n-00025800: 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ghlight, Up: Sp\n-00025810: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00025820: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00025830: 312e 3232 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 1.22 menu_color_\n-00025840: 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d normal.---------\n+00023740: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+00023750: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6175 746f 6d61 riable is automa\n+00023760: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 tically set by G\n+00023770: 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 RUB to the direc\n+00023780: 746f 7279 2070 6172 7420 6f66 0a63 7572 tory part of.cur\n+00023790: 7265 6e74 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 rent configurati\n+000237a0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e on file name (*n\n+000237b0: 6f74 6520 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 653a ote config_file:\n+000237c0: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+000237d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+000237e0: 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 onfig_file, Nex\n+000237f0: 743a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: debug, Prev:\n+00023800: 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 config_director\n+00023810: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 y, Up: Special \n+00023820: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00023830: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3820 636f ables..15.1.8 co\n+00023840: 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nfig_file.------\n+00023850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+00023860: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 is variable is a\n+00023870: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 utomatically set\n+00023880: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 by GRUB to the \n+00023890: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 name of configur\n+000238a0: 6174 696f 6e0a 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 ation.file that \n+000238b0: 6973 2062 6569 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 is being process\n+000238c0: 6564 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 ed by commands .\n+000238d0: 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 ..configfile... \n+000238e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c (*note.configfil\n+000238f0: 653a 3a29 206f 7220 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 e::) or ...norma\n+00023900: 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d l... (*note norm\n+00023910: 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7265 al::). It is re\n+00023920: 7374 6f72 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 7072 stored to the.pr\n+00023930: 6576 696f 7573 2076 616c 7565 2077 6865 evious value whe\n+00023940: 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6c65 n command comple\n+00023950: 7465 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 tes.....File: gr\n+00023960: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00023970: 6465 6275 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 debug, Next: de\n+00023980: 6661 756c 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f fault, Prev: co\n+00023990: 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 nfig_file, Up: \n+000239a0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+000239b0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+000239c0: 352e 312e 3920 6465 6275 670a 2d2d 2d2d 5.1.9 debug.----\n+000239d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n+000239e0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 ariable may be s\n+000239f0: 6574 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2064 6562 et to enable deb\n+00023a00: 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 ugging output fr\n+00023a10: 6f6d 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a63 6f6d 706f om various.compo\n+00023a20: 6e65 6e74 7320 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2054 nents of GRUB. T\n+00023a30: 6865 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 616e 206f he value is an o\n+00023a40: 7264 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 rdered list of d\n+00023a50: 6562 7567 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 ebug facility na\n+00023a60: 6d65 730a 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 mes.separated by\n+00023a70: 2077 6869 7465 7370 6163 6520 6f72 20e2 whitespace or .\n+00023a80: 8098 2ce2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 ..,.... If the \n+00023a90: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6661 6369 6c69 7479 special facility\n+00023aa0: 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 616c 6ce2 8099 named ...all...\n+00023ab0: 2069 730a 7072 6573 656e 7420 7468 656e is.present then\n+00023ac0: 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 debugging outpu\n+00023ad0: 7420 6f66 2061 6c6c 2066 6163 696c 6974 t of all facilit\n+00023ae0: 7920 6e61 6d65 7320 6973 2065 6e61 626c y names is enabl\n+00023af0: 6564 2061 7420 7468 650a 7374 6172 7420 ed at the.start \n+00023b00: 6f66 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e 6720 7468 of processing th\n+00023b10: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 e value of this \n+00023b20: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2e20 2041 2066 6163 variable. A fac\n+00023b30: 696c 6974 7927 7320 6465 6275 670a 6f75 ility's debug.ou\n+00023b40: 7470 7574 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 tput can then be\n+00023b50: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2070 7265 disabled by pre\n+00023b60: 6669 7869 6e67 2069 7473 206e 616d 6520 fixing its name \n+00023b70: 7769 7468 2061 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2e20 with a ...-.... \n+00023b80: 2054 6865 206c 6173 740a 6f63 6375 7265 The last.occure\n+00023b90: 6e63 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d nce facility nam\n+00023ba0: 6520 7769 7468 206f 7220 7769 7468 6f75 e with or withou\n+00023bb0: 7420 6120 6c65 6164 696e 6720 e280 982d t a leading ...-\n+00023bc0: e280 9920 7461 6b65 7320 7072 6563 656e ... takes precen\n+00023bd0: 6465 6e74 0a6f 7665 7220 616e 7920 7072 dent.over any pr\n+00023be0: 6576 696f 7573 206f 6363 7572 656e 6365 evious occurence\n+00023bf0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 . This allows t\n+00023c00: 6865 2065 6173 7920 656e 6162 6c69 6e67 he easy enabling\n+00023c10: 206f 7220 6469 7361 626c 696e 670a 6f66 or disabling.of\n+00023c20: 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 6279 2061 facilities by a\n+00023c30: 7070 656e 6469 6e67 2061 20e2 8098 2ce2 ppending a ...,.\n+00023c40: 8099 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 .. and then the \n+00023c50: 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6520 7769 facility name wi\n+00023c60: 7468 206f 720a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 th or.without th\n+00023c70: 6520 6c65 6164 696e 6720 e280 982d e280 e leading ...-..\n+00023c80: 992c 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 7072 ., which will pr\n+00023c90: 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 7461 7465 eserve the state\n+00023ca0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 7374 206f 660a of the rest of.\n+00023cb0: 7468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 2e20 the facilities. \n+00023cc0: 2054 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 The facility na\n+00023cd0: 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7468 6520 6669 7273 mes are the firs\n+00023ce0: 7420 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2074 6f0a 6772 t argument to.gr\n+00023cf0: 7562 5f64 7072 696e 7466 2e20 2043 6f6e ub_dprintf. Con\n+00023d00: 7375 6c74 2074 6865 2073 6f75 7263 6520 sult the source \n+00023d10: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 for more details\n+00023d20: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00023d30: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6566 info, Node: def\n+00023d40: 6175 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 616c ault, Next: fal\n+00023d50: 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 lback, Prev: de\n+00023d60: 6275 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 bug, Up: Specia\n+00023d70: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00023d80: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3130 riables..15.1.10\n+00023d90: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d default.-------\n+00023da0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 --------..If thi\n+00023db0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 s variable is se\n+00023dc0: 742c 2069 7420 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 t, it identifies\n+00023dd0: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7468 a menu entry th\n+00023de0: 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 0a73 656c at should be.sel\n+00023df0: 6563 7465 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ected by default\n+00023e00: 2c20 706f 7373 6962 6c79 2061 6674 6572 , possibly after\n+00023e10: 2061 2074 696d 656f 7574 2028 2a6e 6f74 a timeout (*not\n+00023e20: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 2e20 2054 e timeout::). T\n+00023e30: 6865 0a65 6e74 7279 206d 6179 2062 6520 he.entry may be \n+00023e40: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 6e75 identified by nu\n+00023e50: 6d62 6572 2028 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 mber (starting f\n+00023e60: 726f 6d20 3020 6174 2065 6163 6820 6c65 rom 0 at each le\n+00023e70: 7665 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 0a68 6965 7261 vel of the.hiera\n+00023e80: 7263 6879 292c 2062 7920 7469 746c 652c rchy), by title,\n+00023e90: 206f 7220 6279 2069 642e 0a0a 2020 2046 or by id... F\n+00023ea0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 or example, if y\n+00023eb0: 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e ou have:..menuen\n+00023ec0: 7472 7920 2745 7861 6d70 6c65 2047 4e55 try 'Example GNU\n+00023ed0: 2f4c 696e 7578 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 /Linux distribut\n+00023ee0: 696f 6e27 202d 2d63 6c61 7373 2067 6e75 ion' --class gnu\n+00023ef0: 2d6c 696e 7578 202d 2d69 6420 6578 616d -linux --id exam\n+00023f00: 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 7b0a ple-gnu-linux {.\n+00023f10: 092e 2e2e 0a7d 0a0a 2020 2074 6865 6e20 .....}.. then \n+00023f20: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 2074 6869 you can make thi\n+00023f30: 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7573 s the default us\n+00023f40: 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 ing:.. defau\n+00023f50: 6c74 3d65 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c lt=example-gnu-l\n+00023f60: 696e 7578 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 inux.. If the \n+00023f70: 656e 7472 7920 6973 2069 6e20 6120 7375 entry is in a su\n+00023f80: 626d 656e 752c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 206d bmenu, then it m\n+00023f90: 7573 7420 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 ust be identifie\n+00023fa0: 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a 6e75 6d62 d using the.numb\n+00023fb0: 6572 2c20 7469 746c 652c 206f 7220 6964 er, title, or id\n+00023fc0: 206f 6620 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 of each of the \n+00023fd0: 7375 626d 656e 7573 2073 7461 7274 696e submenus startin\n+00023fe0: 6720 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6f70 0a6c g from the top.l\n+00023ff0: 6576 656c 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 evel, followed b\n+00024000: 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7469 y the number, ti\n+00024010: 746c 652c 206f 7220 6964 206f 6620 7468 tle, or id of th\n+00024020: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7473 e menu entry its\n+00024030: 656c 662c 0a77 6974 6820 6561 6368 2065 elf,.with each e\n+00024040: 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 lement separated\n+00024050: 2062 7920 e280 983e e280 992e 2020 466f by ...>.... Fo\n+00024060: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 616b 6520 r example, take \n+00024070: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 6d65 the following.me\n+00024080: 6e75 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 3a0a 0a20 nu structure:.. \n+00024090: 2020 2020 474e 552f 4875 7264 202d 2d69 GNU/Hurd --i\n+000240a0: 6420 676e 752d 6875 7264 0a20 2020 2020 d gnu-hurd. \n+000240b0: 2020 5374 616e 6461 7264 2042 6f6f 7420 Standard Boot \n+000240c0: 2d2d 6964 3d67 6e75 2d68 7572 642d 7374 --id=gnu-hurd-st\n+000240d0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2052 6573 6375 6520 d. Rescue \n+000240e0: 7368 656c 6c20 2d2d 6964 3d67 6e75 2d68 shell --id=gnu-h\n+000240f0: 7572 642d 7265 7363 7565 0a20 2020 2020 urd-rescue. \n+00024100: 4f74 6865 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 Other platforms \n+00024110: 2d2d 6964 3d6f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 --id=other. \n+00024120: 2020 4d69 6e69 7820 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e Minix --id=min\n+00024130: 6978 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 ix. Vers\n+00024140: 696f 6e20 332e 342e 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d ion 3.4.0 --id=m\n+00024150: 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 inix-3.4.0. \n+00024160: 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e 332e Version 3.3.\n+00024170: 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e33 0 --id=minix-3.3\n+00024180: 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2049 .0. GRUB I\n+00024190: 6e76 6164 6572 7320 2d2d 6964 3d67 7275 nvaders --id=gru\n+000241a0: 622d 696e 7661 6465 7273 0a0a 2020 2054 b-invaders.. T\n+000241b0: 6865 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6365 6e74 2072 he more recent r\n+000241c0: 656c 6561 7365 206f 6620 4d69 6e69 7820 elease of Minix \n+000241d0: 776f 756c 6420 7468 656e 2062 6520 6964 would then be id\n+000241e0: 656e 7469 6669 6564 2061 7320 e280 984f entified as ...O\n+000241f0: 7468 6572 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3e4d ther.platforms>M\n+00024200: 696e 6978 3e56 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e34 inix>Version 3.4\n+00024210: 2e30 e280 992c 206f 7220 6173 20e2 8098 .0..., or as ...\n+00024220: 313e 303e 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 730a 1>0>0..., or as.\n+00024230: e280 986f 7468 6572 3e6d 696e 6978 3e6d ...other>minix>m\n+00024240: 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 e280 992e 0a0a inix-3.4.0......\n+00024250: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 This variable\n+00024260: 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 is often set by\n+00024270: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 ...GRUB_DEFAULT\n+00024280: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c ... (*note Simpl\n+00024290: 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e.configuration:\n+000242a0: 3a29 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d :), ...grub-set-\n+000242b0: 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 default..., or .\n+000242c0: 8098 6772 7562 2d72 6562 6f6f 74e2 8099 ..grub-reboot...\n+000242d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000242e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 616c info, Node: fal\n+000242f0: 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 lback, Next: gf\n+00024300: 786d 6f64 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 xmode, Prev: de\n+00024310: 6661 756c 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 fault, Up: Spec\n+00024320: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00024330: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00024340: 3131 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 11 fallback.----\n+00024350: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n+00024360: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n+00024370: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6964 656e 7469 s set, it identi\n+00024380: 6669 6573 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 fies a menu entr\n+00024390: 7920 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 y that should be\n+000243a0: 0a73 656c 6563 7465 6420 6966 2074 6865 .selected if the\n+000243b0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e default menu en\n+000243c0: 7472 7920 6661 696c 7320 746f 2062 6f6f try fails to boo\n+000243d0: 742e 2020 456e 7472 6965 7320 6172 650a t. Entries are.\n+000243e0: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 identified in th\n+000243f0: 6520 7361 6d65 2077 6179 2061 7320 666f e same way as fo\n+00024400: 7220 e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 r ...default... \n+00024410: 282a 6e6f 7465 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a (*note default::\n+00024420: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00024430: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 .info, Node: gf\n+00024440: 786d 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 xmode, Next: gf\n+00024450: 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 2050 7265 763a xpayload, Prev:\n+00024460: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 fallback, Up: \n+00024470: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00024480: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00024490: 352e 312e 3132 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 0a2d 5.1.12 gfxmode.-\n+000244a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+000244b0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n+000244c0: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 7365 7473 is set, it sets\n+000244d0: 2074 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 the resolution \n+000244e0: 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 used on the ...g\n+000244f0: 6678 7465 726d e280 990a 6772 6170 6869 fxterm....graphi\n+00024500: 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204e cal terminal. N\n+00024510: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e ote that you can\n+00024520: 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6520 6d6f 6465 7320 only use modes \n+00024530: 7768 6963 6820 796f 7572 0a67 7261 7068 which your.graph\n+00024540: 6963 7320 6361 7264 2073 7570 706f 7274 ics card support\n+00024550: 7320 7669 6120 5645 5341 2042 494f 5320 s via VESA BIOS \n+00024560: 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2028 5642 4529 Extensions (VBE)\n+00024570: 2c20 736f 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 , so for example\n+00024580: 0a6e 6174 6976 6520 4c43 4420 7061 6e65 .native LCD pane\n+00024590: 6c20 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 l resolutions ma\n+000245a0: 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 y not be availab\n+000245b0: 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 le. The default\n+000245c0: 2069 730a e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2c20 is....auto..., \n+000245d0: 7768 6963 6820 7365 6c65 6374 7320 6120 which selects a \n+000245e0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 platform-specifi\n+000245f0: 6320 6465 6661 756c 7420 7468 6174 2073 c default that s\n+00024600: 686f 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b 0a72 6561 736f hould look.reaso\n+00024610: 6e61 626c 652e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 nable. Supporte\n+00024620: 6420 6d6f 6465 7320 6361 6e20 6265 206c d modes can be l\n+00024630: 6973 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 7669 6465 isted by ...vide\n+00024640: 6f69 6e66 6fe2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 oinfo... command\n+00024650: 2069 6e0a 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 in.GRUB... Th\n+00024660: 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 e resolution may\n+00024670: 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 be specified as\n+00024680: 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 206f a sequence of o\n+00024690: 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 206d 6f64 6573 ne or more modes\n+000246a0: 2c0a 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2063 ,.separated by c\n+000246b0: 6f6d 6d61 7320 28e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2920 ommas (...,...) \n+000246c0: 6f72 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 7320 28e2 or semicolons (.\n+000246d0: 8098 3be2 8099 293b 2065 6163 6820 7769 ..;...); each wi\n+000246e0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6965 6420 696e 0a74 ll be tried in.t\n+000246f0: 7572 6e20 756e 7469 6c20 6f6e 6520 6973 urn until one is\n+00024700: 2066 6f75 6e64 2e20 2045 6163 6820 6d6f found. Each mo\n+00024710: 6465 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2065 6974 de should be eit\n+00024720: 6865 7220 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2c0a her ...auto...,.\n+00024730: e280 9857 4944 5448 7848 4549 4748 54e2 ...WIDTHxHEIGHT.\n+00024740: 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 5749 4454 4878 .., or ...WIDTHx\n+00024750: 4845 4947 4854 7844 4550 5448 e280 992e HEIGHTxDEPTH....\n+00024760: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00024770: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7870 nfo, Node: gfxp\n+00024780: 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 ayload, Next: g\n+00024790: 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 fxterm_font, Pr\n+000247a0: 6576 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 5570 ev: gfxmode, Up\n+000247b0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+000247c0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+000247d0: 0a31 352e 312e 3133 2067 6678 7061 796c .15.1.13 gfxpayl\n+000247e0: 6f61 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oad.------------\n+000247f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n+00024800: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c variable is set,\n+00024810: 2069 7420 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 2074 6865 it controls the\n+00024820: 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6520 696e 2077 video mode in w\n+00024830: 6869 6368 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0a6b hich the Linux.k\n+00024840: 6572 6e65 6c20 7374 6172 7473 2075 702c ernel starts up,\n+00024850: 2072 6570 6c61 6369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 replacing the .\n+00024860: 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 626f 6f74 206f ..vga=... boot o\n+00024870: 7074 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e ption (*note lin\n+00024880: 7578 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 0a6d 6179 2062 ux::). It.may b\n+00024890: 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e set to ...text\n+000248a0: e280 9920 746f 2066 6f72 6365 2074 6865 ... to force the\n+000248b0: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 746f Linux kernel to\n+000248c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 boot in normal \n+000248d0: 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 text.mode, ...ke\n+000248e0: 6570 e280 9920 746f 2070 7265 7365 7276 ep... to preserv\n+000248f0: 6520 7468 6520 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d e the graphics m\n+00024900: 6f64 6520 7365 7420 7573 696e 6720 e280 ode set using ..\n+00024910: 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 992c 206f 7220 .gfxmode..., or \n+00024920: 616e 790a 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6572 6d69 any.of the permi\n+00024930: 7474 6564 2076 616c 7565 7320 666f 7220 tted values for \n+00024940: e280 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 746f ...gfxmode... to\n+00024950: 2073 6574 2061 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 set a particula\n+00024960: 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 650a r graphics mode.\n+00024970: 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a (*note gfxmode::\n+00024980: 292e 0a0a 2020 2044 6570 656e 6469 6e67 )... Depending\n+00024990: 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c on your kernel,\n+000249a0: 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 your distributi\n+000249b0: 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 on, your graphic\n+000249c0: 7320 6361 7264 2c20 616e 640a 7468 6520 s card, and.the \n+000249d0: 7068 6173 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d 6f6f phase of the moo\n+000249e0: 6e2c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2075 7369 n, note that usi\n+000249f0: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d ng this option m\n+00024a00: 6179 2063 6175 7365 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e ay cause GNU/Lin\n+00024a10: 7578 0a74 6f20 7375 6666 6572 2066 726f ux.to suffer fro\n+00024a20: 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6469 7370 6c61 m various displa\n+00024a30: 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 y problems, part\n+00024a40: 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2064 7572 696e 6720 icularly during \n+00024a50: 7468 6520 6561 726c 790a 7061 7274 206f the early.part o\n+00024a60: 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6571 7565 f the boot seque\n+00024a70: 6e63 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 nce. If you hav\n+00024a80: 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7365 7420 e problems, set \n+00024a90: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f this variable to\n+00024aa0: 0ae2 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 ....text... and \n+00024ab0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c GRUB will tell L\n+00024ac0: 696e 7578 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 inux to boot in \n+00024ad0: 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 7420 6d6f 6465 normal text mode\n+00024ae0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c ... The defaul\n+00024af0: 7420 6973 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 t is platform-sp\n+00024b00: 6563 6966 6963 2e20 204f 6e20 706c 6174 ecific. On plat\n+00024b10: 666f 726d 7320 7769 7468 2061 206e 6174 forms with a nat\n+00024b20: 6976 6520 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 6520 2873 ive text.mode (s\n+00024b30: 7563 6820 6173 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 uch as PC BIOS p\n+00024b40: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 292c 2074 6865 2064 latforms), the d\n+00024b50: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9874 6578 efault is ...tex\n+00024b60: 74e2 8099 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 t.... Otherwise\n+00024b70: 2074 6865 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 206d 6179 the.default may\n+00024b80: 2062 6520 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 206f be ...auto... o\n+00024b90: 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 2076 6964 r a specific vid\n+00024ba0: 656f 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 eo mode... Thi\n+00024bb0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 s variable is of\n+00024bc0: 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 ten set by ...GR\n+00024bd0: 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c 4f41 445f 4c49 UB_GFXPAYLOAD_LI\n+00024be0: 4e55 58e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 NUX... (*note Si\n+00024bf0: 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple.configurati\n+00024c00: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 on::).....File: \n+00024c10: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00024c20: 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 : gfxterm_font, \n+00024c30: 204e 6578 743a 2067 7275 625f 6370 752c Next: grub_cpu,\n+00024c40: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f Prev: gfxpaylo\n+00024c50: 6164 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ad, Up: Special\n+00024c60: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00024c70: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3420 iables..15.1.14 \n+00024c80: 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d gfxterm_font.---\n+00024c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00024ca0: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n+00024cb0: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e ble is set, it n\n+00024cc0: 616d 6573 2061 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 ames a font to u\n+00024cd0: 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 se for text on t\n+00024ce0: 6865 0ae2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 he....gfxterm...\n+00024cf0: 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 graphical termi\n+00024d00: 6e61 6c2e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c nal. Otherwise,\n+00024d10: 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 206d ...gfxterm... m\n+00024d20: 6179 2075 7365 2061 6e79 0a61 7661 696c ay use any.avail\n+00024d30: 6162 6c65 2066 6f6e 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 able font.....Fi\n+00024d40: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00024d50: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 Node: grub_cpu, \n+00024d60: 204e 6578 743a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 Next: grub_plat\n+00024d70: 666f 726d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 form, Prev: gfx\n+00024d80: 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 term_font, Up: \n+00024d90: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00024da0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00024db0: 352e 312e 3135 2067 7275 625f 6370 750a 5.1.15 grub_cpu.\n+00024dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00024dd0: 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 ..In normal mode\n+00024de0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a (*note normal::\n+00024df0: 292c 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 ), GRUB sets the\n+00024e00: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 5f63 7075 e280 9920 ...grub_cpu... \n+00024e10: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 variable to.the \n+00024e20: 4350 5520 7479 7065 2066 6f72 2077 6869 CPU type for whi\n+00024e30: 6368 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c ch GRUB was buil\n+00024e40: 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 6933 3836 t (e.g. ...i386\n+00024e50: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 706f 7765 7270 ... or ...powerp\n+00024e60: 63e2 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 c...).....File: \n+00024e70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00024e80: 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c : grub_platform,\n+00024e90: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c Next: icondir,\n+00024ea0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 Prev: grub_cpu\n+00024eb0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00024ec0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00024ed0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3620 6772 bles..15.1.16 gr\n+00024ee0: 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d ub_platform.----\n+00024ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00024f00: 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 -..In normal mod\n+00024f10: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a e (*note normal:\n+00024f20: 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 :), GRUB sets th\n+00024f30: 6520 e280 9867 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f e ...grub_platfo\n+00024f40: 726d e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a74 rm... variable.t\n+00024f50: 6f20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 o the platform f\n+00024f60: 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 5255 4220 7761 or which GRUB wa\n+00024f70: 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 s built (e.g. .\n+00024f80: 8098 7063 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6566 ..pc... or ...ef\n+00024f90: 69e2 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 i...).....File: \n+00024fa0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00024fb0: 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 4e65 7874 : icondir, Next\n+00024fc0: 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 : lang, Prev: g\n+00024fd0: 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2055 rub_platform, U\n+00024fe0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00024ff0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00025000: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3720 6963 6f6e 6469 ..15.1.17 icondi\n+00025010: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r.--------------\n+00025020: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n+00025030: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e ble is set, it n\n+00025040: 616d 6573 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 ames a directory\n+00025050: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 4752 in which the GR\n+00025060: 5542 0a67 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e UB.graphical men\n+00025070: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f 6b20 666f u should look fo\n+00025080: 7220 6963 6f6e 7320 6166 7465 7220 6c6f r icons after lo\n+00025090: 6f6b 696e 6720 696e 2074 6865 2074 6865 oking in the the\n+000250a0: 6d65 2773 0ae2 8098 6963 6f6e 73e2 8099 me's....icons...\n+000250b0: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e20 202a 4e6f directory. *No\n+000250c0: 7465 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f te Theme file fo\n+000250d0: 726d 6174 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a rmat::.....File:\n+000250e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000250f0: 653a 206c 616e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: lang, Next: \n+00025100: 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 2050 7265 locale_dir, Pre\n+00025110: 763a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 2055 703a v: icondir, Up:\n+00025120: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00025130: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00025140: 3135 2e31 2e31 3820 6c61 6e67 0a2d 2d2d 15.1.18 lang.---\n+00025150: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n+00025160: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n+00025170: 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2074 6865 et, it names the\n+00025180: 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 636f 6465 2074 language code t\n+00025190: 6861 7420 7468 6520 e280 9867 6574 7465 hat the ...gette\n+000251a0: 7874 e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a xt....command (*\n+000251b0: 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 2920 note gettext::) \n+000251c0: 7573 6573 2074 6f20 7472 616e 736c 6174 uses to translat\n+000251d0: 6520 7374 7269 6e67 732e 2020 466f 7220 e strings. For \n+000251e0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a46 7265 6e63 6820 example,.French \n+000251f0: 776f 756c 6420 6265 206e 616d 6564 2061 would be named a\n+00025200: 7320 e280 9866 72e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 s ...fr..., and \n+00025210: 5369 6d70 6c69 6669 6564 2043 6869 6e65 Simplified Chine\n+00025220: 7365 2061 7320 e280 987a 685f 434e e280 se as ...zh_CN..\n+00025230: 992e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d .... ...grub-m\n+00025240: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 kconfig... (*not\n+00025250: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple configu\n+00025260: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 6c6c 2074 ration::) will t\n+00025270: 7279 2074 6f20 7365 7420 610a 7265 6173 ry to set a.reas\n+00025280: 6f6e 6162 6c65 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2066 onable default f\n+00025290: 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 or this variable\n+000252a0: 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7379 based on the sy\n+000252b0: 7374 656d 206c 6f63 616c 652e 0a0a 1f0a stem locale.....\n+000252c0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000252d0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 Node: locale_d\n+000252e0: 6972 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f63 6b64 ir, Next: lockd\n+000252f0: 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c61 6e67 own, Prev: lang\n+00025300: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00025310: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00025320: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3920 6c6f bles..15.1.19 lo\n+00025330: 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cale_dir.-------\n+00025340: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n+00025350: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n+00025360: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2074 set, it names t\n+00025370: 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 he directory whe\n+00025380: 7265 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 re translation f\n+00025390: 696c 6573 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 666f 756e iles.may be foun\n+000253a0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 7465 7874 d (*note gettext\n+000253b0: 3a3a 292c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 ::), usually ...\n+000253c0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c /boot/grub/local\n+000253d0: 65e2 8099 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 e.... Otherwise\n+000253e0: 2c0a 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 ,.internationali\n+000253f0: 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6469 7361 626c zation is disabl\n+00025400: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d ed... ...grub-\n+00025410: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f mkconfig... (*no\n+00025420: 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple config\n+00025430: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 696c 6c20 uration::) will \n+00025440: 7365 7420 6120 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 set a reasonable\n+00025450: 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 .default for thi\n+00025460: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6620 696e s variable if in\n+00025470: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 ternationalizati\n+00025480: 6f6e 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2061 6e64 on is needed and\n+00025490: 2061 6e79 0a74 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e any.translation\n+000254a0: 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c files are avail\n+000254b0: 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 able.....File: g\n+000254c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000254d0: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 lockdown, Next\n+000254e0: 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 : menu_color_hig\n+000254f0: 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c hlight, Prev: l\n+00025500: 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 5570 3a20 ocale_dir, Up: \n+00025510: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00025520: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00025530: 352e 312e 3230 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e0a 5.1.20 lockdown.\n+00025540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025550: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n+00025560: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 le is set to ...\n+00025570: 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 y..., it means t\n+00025580: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2068 6173 2065 6e74 hat GRUB has ent\n+00025590: 6572 6564 202a 6e6f 7465 0a4c 6f63 6b64 ered *note.Lockd\n+000255a0: 6f77 6e3a 3a20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 own:: mode.....F\n+000255b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000255c0: 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f Node: menu_colo\n+000255d0: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 4e65 r_highlight, Ne\n+000255e0: 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e xt: menu_color_n\n+000255f0: 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f ormal, Prev: lo\n+00025600: 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 ckdown, Up: Spe\n+00025610: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00025620: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00025630: 2e32 3120 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 .21 menu_color_h\n+00025640: 6967 686c 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ighlight.-------\n+00025650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n+00025670: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 able contains th\n+00025680: 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 e foreground and\n+00025690: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f background colo\n+000256a0: 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 640a 666f rs to be used.fo\n+000256b0: 7220 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 r the highlighte\n+000256c0: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7365 d menu entry, se\n+000256d0: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 parated by a sla\n+000256e0: 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 sh (.../...). S\n+000256f0: 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 7320 7661 7269 etting.this vari\n+00025700: 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f able changes tho\n+00025710: 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 se colors. For \n+00025720: 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f the available co\n+00025730: 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 lor names,.*note\n+00025740: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e color_normal::.\n+00025750: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 .. The default\n+00025760: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 is the value of\n+00025770: 20e2 8098 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 ...color_highli\n+00025780: 6768 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f ght... (*note.co\n+00025790: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 743a 3a29 lor_highlight::)\n+000257a0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000257b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e info, Node: men\n+000257c0: 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 u_color_normal, \n+000257d0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__boot_file\n+000257f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f , Prev: menu_co\n+00025800: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 lor_highlight, \n+00025810: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00025820: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00025830: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3232 206d 656e 755f s..15.1.22 menu_\n+00025840: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d color_normal.---\n 00025850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025860: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n-00025870: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 contains the for\n-00025880: 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b eground and back\n-00025890: 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f ground colors to\n-000258a0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 206e 6f6e be used.for non\n-000258b0: 2d68 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e -highlighted men\n-000258c0: 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c 2073 6570 6172 u entries, separ\n-000258d0: 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 ated by a slash \n-000258e0: 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 (.../...). Sett\n-000258f0: 696e 670a 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c ing.this variabl\n-00025900: 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 e changes those \n-00025910: 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 colors. For the\n-00025920: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 available color\n-00025930: 206e 616d 6573 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f names,.*note co\n-00025940: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 lor_normal::... \n-00025950: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n-00025960: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 e280 the value of ..\n-00025970: 9863 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 .color_normal...\n-00025980: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f (*note color_no\n-00025990: 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rmal::).....File\n-000259a0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000259b0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__boot_file, \n-000259d0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Next: net__clientid, \n-000259f0: 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f Prev: menu_colo\n-00025a00: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 r_normal, Up: S\n-00025a10: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00025a20: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00025a30: 2e31 2e32 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 .1.23 net__boot_file.\n-00025a50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n+00025870: 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 iable contains t\n+00025880: 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e he foreground an\n+00025890: 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c d background col\n+000258a0: 6f72 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 0a66 ors to be used.f\n+000258b0: 6f72 206e 6f6e 2d68 6967 686c 6967 6874 or non-highlight\n+000258c0: 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c ed menu entries,\n+000258d0: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 separated by a \n+000258e0: 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e slash (.../...).\n+000258f0: 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6973 2076 Setting.this v\n+00025900: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 ariable changes \n+00025910: 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 those colors. F\n+00025920: 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 or the available\n+00025930: 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c0a 2a6e color names,.*n\n+00025940: 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c ote color_normal\n+00025950: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ::... The defa\n+00025960: 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ult is the value\n+00025970: 206f 6620 e280 9863 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 of ...color_nor\n+00025980: 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f mal... (*note co\n+00025990: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 0a0a lor_normal::)...\n+000259a0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000259b0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__boot_f\n+000259d0: 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ile, Next: net_\n+000259e0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n+000259f0: 6e74 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e ntid, Prev: men\n+00025a00: 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 u_color_normal, \n+00025a10: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00025a20: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00025a30: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3320 6e65 745f es..15.1.23 net_\n+00025a40: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f 6f74 _boot\n+00025a50: 5f66 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _file.----------\n 00025a60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025a70: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00025a80: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00025a90: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-00025aa0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n-00025ab0: 6c69 656e 7469 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 lientid, Next: \n-00025ac0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00025ad0: 636c 6965 6e74 7575 6964 2c20 2050 7265 clientuuid, Pre\n-00025ae0: 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 v: net__boot_file, U\n-00025b00: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00025b10: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00025b20: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3420 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.24 net__client\n-00025b40: 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d id.-------------\n+00025a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n+00025a80: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n+00025a90: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00025aa0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__clientid, \n+00025ac0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Next: net__clientuuid\n+00025ae0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__boot_fi\n+00025b00: 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c le, Up: Special\n+00025b10: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00025b20: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3420 iables..15.1.24 \n+00025b30: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025b40: 636c 6965 6e74 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d clientid.-------\n 00025b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025b60: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n-00025b70: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n-00025b80: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00025b90: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025ba0: 5f63 6c69 656e 7475 7569 642c 2020 4e65 _clientuuid, Ne\n-00025bb0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 xt: net__dhcp_server_\n-00025bd0: 6e61 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 name, Prev: net\n-00025be0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 __cli\n-00025bf0: 656e 7469 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 entid, Up: Spec\n-00025c00: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00025c10: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00025c20: 3235 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 25 net__clientuuid.--\n-00025c40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025b60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+00025b70: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+00025b80: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00025b90: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__clientuui\n+00025bb0: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 d, Next: net__dhcp_s\n+00025bd0: 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 erver_name, Pre\n+00025be0: 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 v: net__clientid, Up\n+00025c00: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00025c10: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00025c20: 0a31 352e 312e 3235 206e 6574 5f3c 494e .15.1.25 net__clientu\n+00025c40: 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d uid.------------\n 00025c50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025c60: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n-00025c70: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00025c80: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-00025c90: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 t__dh\n-00025ca0: 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 cp_server_name, \n-00025cb0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__domain, \n-00025cd0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__clientuuid\n-00025cf0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00025d00: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00025d10: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3620 6e65 bles..15.1.26 ne\n-00025d20: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 t__dh\n-00025d30: 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 0a2d cp_server_name.-\n-00025d40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025c60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n+00025c70: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n+00025c80: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00025c90: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__dhcp_server_\n+00025cb0: 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 name, Next: net\n+00025cc0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d __dom\n+00025cd0: 6169 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ain, Prev: net_\n+00025ce0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n+00025cf0: 6e74 7575 6964 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 ntuuid, Up: Spe\n+00025d00: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00025d10: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00025d20: 2e32 3620 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .26 net__dhcp_server_\n+00025d40: 6e61 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d name.-----------\n 00025d50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n-00025d70: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-00025d80: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00025d90: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__domain, Ne\n-00025db0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 xt: net__extensionspa\n-00025dd0: 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c th, Prev: net_<\n-00025de0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 705f INTERFACE>_dhcp_\n-00025df0: 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 5570 server_name, Up\n-00025e00: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00025e10: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00025e20: 0a31 352e 312e 3237 206e 6574 5f3c 494e .15.1.27 net__domain.\n-00025e40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025e50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00025e60: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-00025e70: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00025e80: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-00025e90: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 7465 _exte\n-00025ea0: 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 nsionspath, Nex\n-00025eb0: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__hostname, Pr\n-00025ed0: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ev: net__domain, Up:\n-00025ef0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00025f00: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00025f10: 3135 2e31 2e32 3820 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 15.1.28 net__extensio\n-00025f30: 6e73 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nspath.---------\n+00025d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n+00025d70: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+00025d80: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00025d90: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n+00025da0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d 6169 INTERFACE>_domai\n+00025db0: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 n, Next: net__extens\n+00025dd0: 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a ionspath, Prev:\n+00025de0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025df0: 5f64 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d _dhcp_server_nam\n+00025e00: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 e, Up: Special \n+00025e10: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00025e20: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3237 206e ables..15.1.27 n\n+00025e30: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+00025e40: 6f6d 6169 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d omain.----------\n+00025e50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025e60: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+00025e70: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+00025e80: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00025e90: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__extensionspath\n+00025eb0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__hostnam\n+00025ed0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 e, Prev: net__domain\n+00025ef0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00025f00: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00025f10: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3820 6e65 bles..15.1.28 ne\n+00025f20: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 t__ex\n+00025f30: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d tensionspath.---\n 00025f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-00025f60: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-00025f70: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00025f80: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n-00025f90: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 746e INTERFACE>_hostn\n-00025fa0: 616d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ame, Next: net_\n-00025fb0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 2c20 _ip, \n-00025fc0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__extension\n-00025fe0: 7370 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 spath, Up: Spec\n-00025ff0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00026000: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00026010: 3239 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 29 net__hostname.----\n-00026030: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026040: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-00026050: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00026060: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00026070: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__ip, N\n-00026090: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__mac, Prev:\n-000260b0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-000260c0: 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 _hostname, Up: \n-000260d0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-000260e0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-000260f0: 352e 312e 3330 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.30 net__ip.------\n+00025f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025f60: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+00025f70: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+00025f80: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00025f90: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025fa0: 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 _hostname, Next\n+00025fb0: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__ip, Prev: net\n+00025fd0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 __ext\n+00025fe0: 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 5570 ensionspath, Up\n+00025ff0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00026000: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00026010: 0a31 352e 312e 3239 206e 6574 5f3c 494e .15.1.29 net__hostnam\n+00026030: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n+00026040: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026050: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n+00026060: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n+00026070: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00026080: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00026090: 6970 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c ip, Next: net_<\n+000260a0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 2c20 INTERFACE>_mac, \n+000260b0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__hostname,\n+000260d0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+000260e0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+000260f0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3330 206e 6574 les..15.1.30 net\n+00026100: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 700a __ip.\n 00026110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026120: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n-00026130: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n-00026140: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00026150: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__mac, Next: ne\n-00026170: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 t__ne\n-00026180: 7874 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 xt_server, Prev\n-00026190: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__ip, Up: Speci\n-000261b0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-000261c0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n-000261d0: 3120 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 1 net__mac.----------\n+00026120: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00026130: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+00026140: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00026150: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__mac, Ne\n+00026170: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 xt: net__next_server,\n+00026190: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__ip, Up:\n+000261b0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+000261c0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+000261d0: 3135 2e31 2e33 3120 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 15.1.31 net__mac.----\n 000261f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026200: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00026210: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00026220: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-00026230: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e et__n\n-00026240: 6578 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 ext_server, Nex\n-00026250: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__rootpath, Pr\n-00026270: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ev: net__mac, Up: Sp\n-00026290: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-000262a0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-000262b0: 312e 3332 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.32 net__next_server\n-000262d0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00026200: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n+00026210: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n+00026220: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00026230: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__next_server\n+00026250: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__rootpat\n+00026270: 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 h, Prev: net__mac, \n+00026290: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+000262a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+000262b0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3332 206e 6574 5f3c s..15.1.32 net_<\n+000262c0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 745f INTERFACE>_next_\n+000262d0: 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d server.---------\n 000262e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000262f0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n-00026300: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n-00026310: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00026320: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__rootpath, Nex\n-00026340: 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 t: net_default_i\n-00026350: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a nterface, Prev:\n-00026360: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00026370: 5f6e 6578 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 _next_server, U\n-00026380: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00026390: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-000263a0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.33 net__rootpa\n-000263c0: 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d th.-------------\n+000262f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00026300: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+00026310: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00026320: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__rootpath\n+00026340: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Next: net_def\n+00026350: 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 ault_interface, \n+00026360: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__next_serv\n+00026380: 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c er, Up: Special\n+00026390: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000263a0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3320 iables..15.1.33 \n+000263b0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+000263c0: 726f 6f74 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rootpath.-------\n 000263d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000263e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n-000263f0: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n-00026400: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00026410: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 net_default_int\n-00026420: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e erface, Next: n\n-00026430: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 et_default_ip, \n-00026440: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__rootpath, \n-00026460: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00026470: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00026480: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3420 6e65 745f es..15.1.34 net_\n-00026490: 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 default_interfac\n-000264a0: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n-000264b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-000264c0: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n-000264d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000264e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-000264f0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 4e65 _default_ip, Ne\n-00026500: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f xt: net_default_\n-00026510: 6d61 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f mac, Prev: net_\n-00026520: 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 default_interfac\n-00026530: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 e, Up: Special \n-00026540: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00026550: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3335 206e ables..15.1.35 n\n-00026560: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 700a 2d2d et_default_ip.--\n-00026570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026580: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n-00026590: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n-000265a0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000265b0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 : net_default_ma\n-000265c0: 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 c, Next: net_de\n-000265d0: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2050 fault_server, P\n-000265e0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 rev: net_default\n-000265f0: 5f69 702c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 _ip, Up: Specia\n-00026600: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00026610: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3336 riables..15.1.36\n-00026620: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 net_default_mac\n-00026630: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00026640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00026650: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00026660: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00026670: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Node: net_defaul\n-00026680: 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a t_server, Next:\n-00026690: 2070 6167 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e pager, Prev: n\n-000266a0: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 et_default_mac, \n-000266b0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-000266c0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000266d0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3720 6e65 745f es..15.1.37 net_\n-000266e0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d default_server.-\n-000266f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n-00026710: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n-00026720: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00026730: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 204e Node: pager, N\n-00026740: 6578 743a 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 5072 ext: prefix, Pr\n-00026750: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ev: net_default_\n-00026760: 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 server, Up: Spe\n-00026770: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00026780: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00026790: 2e33 3820 7061 6765 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .38 pager.------\n-000267a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7365 7420 -------..If set \n-000267b0: 746f 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2c20 7061 7573 to ...1..., paus\n-000267c0: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2061 6674 6572 2065 e output after e\n-000267d0: 6163 6820 7363 7265 656e 6675 6c20 616e ach screenful an\n-000267e0: 6420 7761 6974 2066 6f72 206b 6579 626f d wait for keybo\n-000267f0: 6172 640a 696e 7075 742e 2020 5468 6520 ard.input. The \n-00026800: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2074 default is not t\n-00026810: 6f20 7061 7573 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a o pause output..\n-00026820: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00026830: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7265 6669 fo, Node: prefi\n-00026840: 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 626c x, Next: pxe_bl\n-00026850: 6b73 697a 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 ksize, Prev: pa\n-00026860: 6765 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ger, Up: Specia\n-00026870: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00026880: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3339 riables..15.1.39\n-00026890: 2070 7265 6669 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d prefix.--------\n-000268a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 ------..The loca\n-000268b0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f tion of the .../\n-000268c0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2064 6972 boot/grub... dir\n-000268d0: 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 ectory as an abs\n-000268e0: 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a olute file name.\n-000268f0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 (*note File name\n-00026900: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 syntax::). Thi\n-00026910: 7320 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 s is normally se\n-00026920: 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 t by GRUB at sta\n-00026930: 7274 7570 0a62 6173 6564 206f 6e20 696e rtup.based on in\n-00026940: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 formation provid\n-00026950: 6564 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e ed by ...grub-in\n-00026960: 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2e20 2047 5255 4220 stall.... GRUB \n-00026970: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6172 650a 6479 6e61 modules are.dyna\n-00026980: 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 mically loaded f\n-00026990: 726f 6d20 7468 6973 2064 6972 6563 746f rom this directo\n-000269a0: 7279 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 ry, so it must b\n-000269b0: 6520 7365 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 e set correctly \n-000269c0: 696e 0a6f 7264 6572 2066 6f72 206d 616e in.order for man\n-000269d0: 7920 7061 7274 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 y parts of GRUB \n-000269e0: 746f 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 to work.....File\n-000269f0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00026a00: 6465 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c de: pxe_blksize,\n-00026a10: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 Next: pxe_defa\n-00026a20: 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 5072 ult_gateway, Pr\n-00026a30: 6576 3a20 7072 6566 6978 2c20 2055 703a ev: prefix, Up:\n-00026a40: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00026a50: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00026a60: 3135 2e31 2e34 3020 7078 655f 626c 6b73 15.1.40 pxe_blks\n-00026a70: 697a 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ize.------------\n-00026a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n-00026a90: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-00026aa0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00026ab0: 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ode: pxe_default\n-00026ac0: 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a _gateway, Next:\n-00026ad0: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 pxe_default_ser\n-00026ae0: 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f ver, Prev: pxe_\n-00026af0: 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 blksize, Up: Sp\n-00026b00: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00026b10: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00026b20: 312e 3431 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 1.41 pxe_default\n-00026b30: 5f67 6174 6577 6179 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _gateway.-------\n+000263e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+000263f0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+00026400: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00026410: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 Node: net_defau\n+00026420: 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e lt_interface, N\n+00026430: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ext: net_default\n+00026440: 5f69 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f _ip, Prev: net_\n+00026450: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f 6f74 _root\n+00026460: 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 path, Up: Speci\n+00026470: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00026480: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n+00026490: 3420 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 4 net_default_in\n+000264a0: 7465 7266 6163 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d terface.--------\n+000264b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000264c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+000264d0: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+000264e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000264f0: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 e: net_default_i\n+00026500: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 p, Next: net_de\n+00026510: 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 5072 6576 fault_mac, Prev\n+00026520: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e : net_default_in\n+00026530: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 terface, Up: Sp\n+00026540: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00026550: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00026560: 312e 3335 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 1.35 net_default\n+00026570: 5f69 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _ip.------------\n+00026580: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00026590: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+000265a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000265b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Node: net_defa\n+000265c0: 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ult_mac, Next: \n+000265d0: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 net_default_serv\n+000265e0: 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 er, Prev: net_d\n+000265f0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 5570 3a20 efault_ip, Up: \n+00026600: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00026610: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00026620: 352e 312e 3336 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 5.1.36 net_defau\n+00026630: 6c74 5f6d 6163 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lt_mac.---------\n+00026640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00026650: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n+00026660: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00026670: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+00026680: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 default_server, \n+00026690: 204e 6578 743a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 2050 Next: pager, P\n+000266a0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 rev: net_default\n+000266b0: 5f6d 6163 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 _mac, Up: Speci\n+000266c0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+000266d0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n+000266e0: 3720 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7 net_default_se\n+000266f0: 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rver.-----------\n+00026700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00026710: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00026720: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00026730: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6167 info, Node: pag\n+00026740: 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7265 6669 er, Next: prefi\n+00026750: 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 x, Prev: net_de\n+00026760: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 fault_server, U\n+00026770: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00026780: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00026790: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3820 7061 6765 720a ..15.1.38 pager.\n+000267a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n+000267b0: 6620 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 f set to ...1...\n+000267c0: 2c20 7061 7573 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2061 , pause output a\n+000267d0: 6674 6572 2065 6163 6820 7363 7265 656e fter each screen\n+000267e0: 6675 6c20 616e 6420 7761 6974 2066 6f72 ful and wait for\n+000267f0: 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a 696e 7075 742e keyboard.input.\n+00026800: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+00026810: 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 7061 7573 6520 6f75 not to pause ou\n+00026820: 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tput.....File: g\n+00026830: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00026840: 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 prefix, Next: \n+00026850: 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 5072 pxe_blksize, Pr\n+00026860: 6576 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: pager, Up: \n+00026870: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00026880: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00026890: 352e 312e 3339 2070 7265 6669 780a 2d2d 5.1.39 prefix.--\n+000268a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+000268b0: 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 e location of th\n+000268c0: 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 e .../boot/grub.\n+000268d0: 8099 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 .. directory as \n+000268e0: 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 an absolute file\n+000268f0: 206e 616d 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c name.(*note Fil\n+00026900: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 e name syntax::)\n+00026910: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 . This is norma\n+00026920: 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 lly set by GRUB \n+00026930: 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 0a62 6173 6564 at startup.based\n+00026940: 206f 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 on information \n+00026950: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 e280 9867 provided by ...g\n+00026960: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2e20 rub-install.... \n+00026970: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6172 GRUB modules ar\n+00026980: 650a 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f e.dynamically lo\n+00026990: 6164 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 2064 aded from this d\n+000269a0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 736f 2069 7420 irectory, so it \n+000269b0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7365 7420 636f 7272 must be set corr\n+000269c0: 6563 746c 7920 696e 0a6f 7264 6572 2066 ectly in.order f\n+000269d0: 6f72 206d 616e 7920 7061 7274 7320 6f66 or many parts of\n+000269e0: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a GRUB to work...\n+000269f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00026a00: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 626c o, Node: pxe_bl\n+00026a10: 6b73 697a 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 ksize, Next: px\n+00026a20: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 e_default_gatewa\n+00026a30: 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7072 6566 6978 y, Prev: prefix\n+00026a40: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00026a50: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00026a60: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3020 7078 bles..15.1.40 px\n+00026a70: 655f 626c 6b73 697a 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e_blksize.------\n+00026a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n+00026a90: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+00026aa0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00026ab0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f64 fo, Node: pxe_d\n+00026ac0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 efault_gateway, \n+00026ad0: 204e 6578 743a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 Next: pxe_defau\n+00026ae0: 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 lt_server, Prev\n+00026af0: 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 : pxe_blksize, \n+00026b00: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00026b10: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00026b20: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3431 2070 7865 5f64 s..15.1.41 pxe_d\n+00026b30: 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 0a2d efault_gateway.-\n 00026b40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026b50: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n-00026b60: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n-00026b70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00026b80: 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 : pxe_default_se\n-00026b90: 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6f6f rver, Next: roo\n-00026ba0: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f 6465 t, Prev: pxe_de\n-00026bb0: 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 fault_gateway, \n-00026bc0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00026bd0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00026be0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3432 2070 7865 5f64 s..15.1.42 pxe_d\n-00026bf0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d efault_server.--\n-00026c00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026c10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00026c20: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00026c30: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00026c40: 4e6f 6465 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 Node: root, Nex\n-00026c50: 743a 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 t: shim_lock, P\n-00026c60: 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 rev: pxe_default\n-00026c70: 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 _server, Up: Sp\n-00026c80: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00026c90: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00026ca0: 312e 3433 2072 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 1.43 root.------\n-00026cb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 726f 6f74 ------..The root\n-00026cc0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e device name (*n\n-00026cd0: 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 ote Device synta\n-00026ce0: 783a 3a29 2e20 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 x::). Any file \n-00026cf0: 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f0a 6e6f names that do.no\n-00026d00: 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e 2065 7870 t specify an exp\n-00026d10: 6c69 6369 7420 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d licit device nam\n-00026d20: 6520 6172 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 e are read from \n-00026d30: 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 this device. Th\n-00026d40: 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f72 e.default is nor\n-00026d50: 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 mally set by GRU\n-00026d60: 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 B at startup bas\n-00026d70: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 ed on the value \n-00026d80: 6f66 0ae2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 of....prefix... \n-00026d90: 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 7265 6669 783a 3a29 (*note prefix::)\n-00026da0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c ... For exampl\n-00026db0: 652c 2069 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 2069 e, if GRUB was i\n-00026dc0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 nstalled to the \n-00026dd0: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 first partition \n-00026de0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2068 6172 of the.first har\n-00026df0: 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 d disk, then ...\n-00026e00: 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 6d69 6768 7420 prefix... might \n-00026e10: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9828 6864 be set to ...(hd\n-00026e20: 302c 6d73 646f 7331 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 0,msdos1)/boot/g\n-00026e30: 7275 62e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 726f rub....and ...ro\n-00026e40: 6f74 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6864 302c ot... to ...hd0,\n-00026e50: 6d73 646f 7331 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 msdos1........Fi\n-00026e60: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00026e70: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c Node: shim_lock,\n-00026e80: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 Next: superuse\n-00026e90: 7273 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6f6f 742c rs, Prev: root,\n-00026ea0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00026eb0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00026ec0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3434 2073 6869 les..15.1.44 shi\n-00026ed0: 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m_lock.---------\n-00026ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 --------..If thi\n-00026ef0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 s variable is se\n-00026f00: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 t to ...y..., it\n-00026f10: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 means that the \n-00026f20: 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 6669 shim_lock verifi\n-00026f30: 6572 2069 730a 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 er is.registered\n-00026f40: 2028 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 5545 4649 (see *note UEFI\n-00026f50: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 secure boot and\n-00026f60: 2073 6869 6d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c shim::).....Fil\n-00026f70: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00026f80: 6f64 653a 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c ode: superusers,\n-00026f90: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 Next: theme, \n-00026fa0: 5072 6576 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c Prev: shim_lock,\n-00026fb0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00026fc0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00026fd0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3435 2073 7570 les..15.1.45 sup\n-00026fe0: 6572 7573 6572 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erusers.--------\n-00026ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 ----------..This\n-00027000: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 variable may be\n-00027010: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f set to a list o\n-00027020: 6620 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 f superuser name\n-00027030: 7320 746f 2065 6e61 626c 650a 6175 7468 s to enable.auth\n-00027040: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f entication suppo\n-00027050: 7274 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 rt. *Note Secur\n-00027060: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ity::.....File: \n-00027070: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00027080: 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : theme, Next: \n-00027090: 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 timeout, Prev: \n-000270a0: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2055 703a superusers, Up:\n-000270b0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-000270c0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-000270d0: 3135 2e31 2e34 3620 7468 656d 650a 2d2d 15.1.46 theme.--\n-000270e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n-000270f0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 s variable may b\n-00027100: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 2064 6972 6563 e set to a direc\n-00027110: 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 tory containing \n-00027120: 6120 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c a GRUB graphical\n-00027130: 206d 656e 750a 7468 656d 652e 2020 2a4e menu.theme. *N\n-00027140: 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 ote Theme file f\n-00027150: 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 ormat::... Thi\n-00027160: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 s variable is of\n-00027170: 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 ten set by ...GR\n-00027180: 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 e280 9920 282a 6e6f UB_THEME... (*no\n-00027190: 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple.config\n-000271a0: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 uration::).....F\n-000271b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000271c0: 204e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 Node: timeout, \n-000271d0: 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 Next: timeout_s\n-000271e0: 7479 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6865 tyle, Prev: the\n-000271f0: 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c me, Up: Special\n-00027200: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00027210: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3720 iables..15.1.47 \n-00027220: 7469 6d65 6f75 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d timeout.--------\n-00027230: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n-00027240: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n-00027250: 2c20 6974 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 , it specifies t\n-00027260: 6865 2074 696d 6520 696e 2073 6563 6f6e he time in secon\n-00027270: 6473 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 0a6b ds to wait for.k\n-00027280: 6579 626f 6172 6420 696e 7075 7420 6265 eyboard input be\n-00027290: 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 fore booting the\n-000272a0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e default menu en\n-000272b0: 7472 792e 2020 4120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 try. A timeout \n-000272c0: 6f66 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a6d 6561 6e73 of ...0....means\n-000272d0: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 to boot the def\n-000272e0: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 ault entry immed\n-000272f0: 6961 7465 6c79 2077 6974 686f 7574 2064 iately without d\n-00027300: 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 isplaying the me\n-00027310: 6e75 3b0a 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 nu;.a timeout of\n-00027320: 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 286f 7220 756e ...-1... (or un\n-00027330: 7365 7429 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 7761 set) means to wa\n-00027340: 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e it indefinitely.\n-00027350: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 e280 9874 696d 656f .. If ...timeo\n-00027360: 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ut_style... (*no\n-00027370: 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 te timeout_style\n-00027380: 3a3a 2920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ::) is set to ..\n-00027390: 9863 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 .countdown... or\n-000273a0: 0ae2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 992c 2074 ....hidden..., t\n-000273b0: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e he timeout is in\n-000273c0: 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 stead counted be\n-000273d0: 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 fore the menu is\n-000273e0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 displayed... \n-000273f0: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 This variable is\n-00027400: 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 e280 often set by ..\n-00027410: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 .GRUB_TIMEOUT...\n-00027420: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 (*note Simple.c\n-00027430: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e onfiguration::).\n-00027440: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00027450: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 nfo, Node: time\n-00027460: 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 out_style, Next\n-00027470: 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c : tpm_fail_fatal\n-00027480: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 , Prev: timeout\n-00027490: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-000274a0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000274b0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3820 7469 bles..15.1.48 ti\n-000274c0: 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 650a 2d2d 2d2d meout_style.----\n-000274d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000274e0: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n-000274f0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 may be set to .\n-00027500: 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 20e2 8098 636f ..menu..., ...co\n-00027510: 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 untdown..., or .\n-00027520: 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 9920 746f 2063 ..hidden... to c\n-00027530: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a74 6865 2077 6179 2069 ontrol.the way i\n-00027540: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 7469 6d65 n which the time\n-00027550: 6f75 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f out (*note timeo\n-00027560: 7574 3a3a 2920 696e 7465 7261 6374 7320 ut::) interacts \n-00027570: 7769 7468 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 670a with displaying.\n-00027580: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2e20 2053 6565 2074 the menu. See t\n-00027590: 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e he documentation\n-000275a0: 206f 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 of ...GRUB_TIME\n-000275b0: 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e OUT_STYLE... (*n\n-000275c0: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 ote Simple.confi\n-000275d0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 guration::) for \n-000275e0: 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 details.....File\n-000275f0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00027600: 6465 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 de: tpm_fail_fat\n-00027610: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f al, Prev: timeo\n-00027620: 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 ut_style, Up: S\n-00027630: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00027640: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00027650: 2e31 2e34 3920 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 .1.49 tpm_fail_f\n-00027660: 6174 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d atal.-----------\n-00027670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n-00027680: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n-00027690: 2073 6574 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2869 set and true (i\n-000276a0: 2e65 2e2c 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2074 6f20 .e., not set to \n-000276b0: 2230 222c 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2c0a 2264 \"0\", \"false\",.\"d\n-000276c0: 6973 6162 6c65 222c 206f 7220 226e 6f22 isable\", or \"no\"\n-000276d0: 292c 2054 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 ), TPM measureme\n-000276e0: 6e74 7320 7468 6174 2066 6169 6c20 7769 nts that fail wi\n-000276f0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 ll be treated as\n-00027700: 0a66 6174 616c 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 .fatal. Otherwi\n-00027710: 7365 2c20 7468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6d65 se, they will me\n-00027720: 7265 6c79 2062 6520 6465 6275 672d 6c6f rely be debug-lo\n-00027730: 6767 6564 2061 6e64 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 gged and boot wi\n-00027740: 6c6c 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 652e 0a0a 2020 ll.continue... \n-00027750: 2043 616c 6c20 746f 2045 4649 2066 6972 Call to EFI fir\n-00027760: 6d77 6172 652c 206c 696b 6520 6861 7368 mware, like hash\n-00027770: 5f6c 6f67 5f65 7874 656e 645f 6576 656e _log_extend_even\n-00027780: 7428 292c 2063 616e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 t(), can return \n-00027790: 616e 0a75 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2065 7272 6f72 an.unknown error\n-000277a0: 2c20 692e 652e 2020 6475 6520 746f 2062 , i.e. due to b\n-000277b0: 7567 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2069 6e20 6669 ug present in fi\n-000277c0: 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7468 rmware. When th\n-000277d0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 6973 2073 is variable.is s\n-000277e0: 6574 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2873 616d et and true (sam\n-000277f0: 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2061 7320 7769 7468 e values as with\n-00027800: 2054 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 TPM measurement\n-00027810: 7329 2074 6869 7320 7369 7475 6174 696f s) this situatio\n-00027820: 6e0a 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636f 6e73 6964 n.will be consid\n-00027830: 6572 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6174 616c ered to be fatal\n-00027840: 2061 6e64 2065 7272 6f72 2d6c 6f67 6765 and error-logge\n-00027850: 6420 6173 2022 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e20 5450 d as \"unknown TP\n-00027860: 4d20 6572 726f 7222 2e0a 4966 206e 6f74 M error\"..If not\n-00027870: 2073 6574 2c20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 set, booting th\n-00027880: 6520 4f53 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2065 6e61 e OS will be ena\n-00027890: 626c 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 bled.....File: g\n-000278a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000278b0: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f Environment blo\n-000278c0: 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 7065 6369 ck, Prev: Speci\n-000278d0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-000278e0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2045 ariables, Up: E\n-000278f0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a 3135 2e32 nvironment..15.2\n-00027900: 2054 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f The GRUB enviro\n-00027910: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d nment block.====\n-00027920: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00027930: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 7420 ===========..It \n-00027940: 6973 206f 6674 656e 2075 7365 6675 6c20 is often useful \n-00027950: 746f 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 to be able to re\n-00027960: 6d65 6d62 6572 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 member a small a\n-00027970: 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 mount of informa\n-00027980: 7469 6f6e 0a66 726f 6d20 6f6e 6520 626f tion.from one bo\n-00027990: 6f74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2e20 ot to the next. \n-000279a0: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 796f For example, yo\n-000279b0: 7520 6d69 6768 7420 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 u might want to \n-000279c0: 7365 7420 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 set the.default \n-000279d0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6173 6564 menu entry based\n-000279e0: 206f 6e20 7768 6174 2077 6173 2073 656c on what was sel\n-000279f0: 6563 7465 6420 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2074 ected the last t\n-00027a00: 696d 652e 2020 4752 5542 0a64 656c 6962 ime. GRUB.delib\n-00027a10: 6572 6174 656c 7920 646f 6573 206e 6f74 erately does not\n-00027a20: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 7570 706f implement suppo\n-00027a30: 7274 2066 6f72 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2066 rt for writing f\n-00027a40: 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f iles in order to\n-00027a50: 0a6d 696e 696d 6973 6520 7468 6520 706f .minimise the po\n-00027a60: 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2074 6865 ssibility of the\n-00027a70: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 6569 boot loader bei\n-00027a80: 6e67 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 ng responsible f\n-00027a90: 6f72 2066 696c 650a 7379 7374 656d 2063 or file.system c\n-00027aa0: 6f72 7275 7074 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 6120 orruption, so a \n-00027ab0: 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 GRUB configurati\n-00027ac0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 206a on file cannot j\n-00027ad0: 7573 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 0a66 696c ust create a.fil\n-00027ae0: 6520 696e 2074 6865 206f 7264 696e 6172 e in the ordinar\n-00027af0: 7920 7761 792e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c y way. However,\n-00027b00: 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 GRUB provides a\n-00027b10: 6e20 2265 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 n \"environment b\n-00027b20: 6c6f 636b 220a 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 lock\".which can \n-00027b30: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 6176 6520 be used to save \n-00027b40: 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f a small amount o\n-00027b50: 6620 7374 6174 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 f state... The\n-00027b60: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-00027b70: 636b 2069 7320 6120 7072 6561 6c6c 6f63 ck is a prealloc\n-00027b80: 6174 6564 2031 3032 342d 6279 7465 2066 ated 1024-byte f\n-00027b90: 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a6e 6f72 6d61 ile, which.norma\n-00027ba0: 6c6c 7920 6c69 7665 7320 696e 20e2 8098 lly lives in ...\n-00027bb0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 6265 /boot/grub/grube\n-00027bc0: 6e76 e280 9920 2861 6c74 686f 7567 6820 nv... (although \n-00027bd0: 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2061 you should not a\n-00027be0: 7373 756d 650a 7468 6973 292e 2020 4174 ssume.this). At\n-00027bf0: 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6520 boot time, the \n-00027c00: e280 986c 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 ...load_env... c\n-00027c10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f ommand (*note lo\n-00027c20: 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2920 6c6f 6164 730a ad_env::) loads.\n-00027c30: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00027c40: 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 742c 2061 ables from it, a\n-00027c50: 6e64 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 5f65 nd the ...save_e\n-00027c60: 6e76 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6176 nv... (*note sav\n-00027c70: 655f 656e 763a 3a29 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e_env::).command\n-00027c80: 2073 6176 6573 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 saves environme\n-00027c90: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 nt variables to \n-00027ca0: 6974 2e20 2046 726f 6d20 6120 7275 6e6e it. From a runn\n-00027cb0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 650a ing system, the.\n-00027cc0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6564 6974 656e 76e2 ...grub-editenv.\n-00027cd0: 8099 2075 7469 6c69 7479 2063 616e 2062 .. utility can b\n-00027ce0: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6564 6974 2074 e used to edit t\n-00027cf0: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n-00027d00: 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7361 lock... For sa\n-00027d10: 6665 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 2c20 7468 fety reasons, th\n-00027d20: 6973 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 6f6e is storage is on\n-00027d30: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2077 6865 ly available whe\n-00027d40: 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 0a61 n installed on.a\n-00027d50: 2070 6c61 696e 2064 6973 6b20 286e 6f20 plain disk (no \n-00027d60: 4c56 4d20 6f72 2052 4149 4429 2c20 7573 LVM or RAID), us\n-00027d70: 696e 6720 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6368 6563 6b73 ing a non-checks\n-00027d80: 756d 6d69 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 umming filesyste\n-00027d90: 6d20 286e 6f0a 5a46 5329 2c20 616e 6420 m (no.ZFS), and \n-00027da0: 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 206f 7220 4546 using BIOS or EF\n-00027db0: 4920 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 286e 6f20 I functions (no \n-00027dc0: 4154 412c 2055 5342 206f 7220 4945 4545 ATA, USB or IEEE\n-00027dd0: 3132 3735 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 1275)... ...gr\n-00027de0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2075 ub-mkconfig... u\n-00027df0: 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6163 696c 6974 ses this facilit\n-00027e00: 7920 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 20e2 y to implement .\n-00027e10: 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 ..GRUB_SAVEDEFAU\n-00027e20: 4c54 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d LT....(*note Sim\n-00027e30: 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple configuratio\n-00027e40: 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 n::).....File: g\n-00027e50: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00027e60: 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a Modules, Next:\n-00027e70: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 Commands, Prev\n-00027e80: 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 : Environment, \n-00027e90: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3620 4d6f 6475 Up: Top..16 Modu\n-00027ea0: 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a les.**********..\n-00027eb0: 496e 2074 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 722c In this chapter,\n-00027ec0: 2077 6520 6c69 7374 2061 6c6c 206d 6f64 we list all mod\n-00027ed0: 756c 6573 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 ules that are av\n-00027ee0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2047 5255 420a ailable in GRUB.\n-00027ef0: 2863 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d (currently incom\n-00027f00: 706c 6574 6529 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6475 plete)... Modu\n-00027f10: 6c65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 les can be loade\n-00027f20: 6420 7669 6120 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e73 d via the ...ins\n-00027f30: 6d6f 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e mod... (*note in\n-00027f40: 736d 6f64 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e smod::) command.\n-00027f50: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2062 6c69 ..* Menu:..* bli\n-00027f60: 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ::....File: grub\n-00027f70: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c .info, Node: bl\n-00027f80: 692c 2020 5570 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a i, Up: Modules.\n-00027f90: 0a31 362e 3120 626c 690a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .16.1 bli.======\n-00027fa0: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6973 206d 6f64 756c 6520 ==..This module \n-00027fb0: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2062 6173 6963 2073 provides basic s\n-00027fc0: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2042 upport for the B\n-00027fd0: 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 6e74 6572 oot Loader Inter\n-00027fe0: 6661 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a42 6f6f 7420 face. The.Boot \n-00027ff0: 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 Loader Interface\n-00028000: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 2073 6574 specifies a set\n-00028010: 206f 6620 4546 4920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 of EFI variable\n-00028020: 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 s that are used \n-00028030: 746f 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7465 2062 to.communicate b\n-00028040: 6f6f 742d 7469 6d65 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 oot-time informa\n-00028050: 7469 6f6e 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 tion between the\n-00028060: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 616e 6420 bootloader and \n-00028070: 7468 650a 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 the.operating sy\n-00028080: 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 666f stem... The fo\n-00028090: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 llowing variable\n-000280a0: 7320 6172 6520 706c 6163 6564 2075 6e64 s are placed und\n-000280b0: 6572 2074 6865 2076 656e 646f 7220 5555 er the vendor UU\n-000280c0: 4944 0ae2 8098 3461 3637 6230 3832 2d30 ID....4a67b082-0\n-000280d0: 6134 632d 3431 6366 2d62 3663 372d 3434 a4c-41cf-b6c7-44\n-000280e0: 3062 3239 6262 3863 3466 e280 9920 7768 0b29bb8c4f... wh\n-000280f0: 656e 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 en the module is\n-00028100: 206c 6f61 6465 643a 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 loaded:.. The\n-00028110: 2047 5054 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2055 GPT partition U\n-00028120: 5549 4420 6f66 2074 6865 2045 4649 2053 UID of the EFI S\n-00028130: 7973 7465 6d20 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 ystem Partition \n-00028140: 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 used during boot\n-00028150: 0a69 7320 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 7669 .is published vi\n-00028160: 6120 7468 6520 e280 984c 6f61 6465 7244 a the ...LoaderD\n-00028170: 6576 6963 6550 6172 7455 5549 44e2 8099 evicePartUUID...\n-00028180: 2076 6172 6961 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 variable. The \n-00028190: 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 6465 720a 496e 7465 Boot Loader.Inte\n-000281a0: 7266 6163 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 rface specificat\n-000281b0: 696f 6e20 7265 7175 6972 6573 2047 5054 ion requires GPT\n-000281c0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 7269 7665 formatted drive\n-000281d0: 732e 2020 5468 6520 626c 6920 6d6f 6475 s. The bli modu\n-000281e0: 6c65 0a69 676e 6f72 6573 2064 7269 7665 le.ignores drive\n-000281f0: 732f 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 s/partitions in \n-00028200: 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 666f 726d 6174 any other format\n-00028210: 2e20 2049 6620 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c6f . If GRUB is lo\n-00028220: 6164 6564 2066 726f 6d20 610a 6e6f 6e2d aded from a.non-\n-00028230: 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2065 GPT partition, e\n-00028240: 2e67 2e20 2066 726f 6d20 616e 204d 5344 .g. from an MSD\n-00028250: 4f53 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 7269 OS formatted dri\n-00028260: 7665 206f 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2074 ve or network, t\n-00028270: 6869 730a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c his.variable wil\n-00028280: 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 l not be set... \n-00028290: 2020 4120 7374 7269 6e67 2069 6465 6e74 A string ident\n-000282a0: 6966 7969 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6173 2074 ifying GRUB as t\n-000282b0: 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f he active bootlo\n-000282c0: 6164 6572 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 ader including t\n-000282d0: 6865 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he.version numbe\n-000282e0: 7220 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 r is stored in .\n-000282f0: 8098 4c6f 6164 6572 496e 666f e280 992e ..LoaderInfo....\n-00028300: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 .. This module\n-00028310: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n-00028320: 6c65 206f 6e20 5545 4649 2070 6c61 7466 le on UEFI platf\n-00028330: 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 orms.....File: g\n-00028340: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00028350: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 Commands, Next\n-00028360: 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 : Internationali\n-00028370: 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d sation, Prev: M\n-00028380: 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 odules, Up: Top\n-00028390: 0a0a 3137 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 ..17 Available c\n-000283a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ommands.********\n-000283b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 *************..I\n-000283c0: 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 2c20 n this chapter, \n-000283d0: 7765 206c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6d6d we list all comm\n-000283e0: 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 ands that are av\n-000283f0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2047 5255 422e ailable in GRUB.\n-00028400: 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6265 .. Commands be\n-00028410: 6c6f 6e67 2074 6f20 6469 6666 6572 656e long to differen\n-00028420: 7420 6772 6f75 7073 2e20 2041 2066 6577 t groups. A few\n-00028430: 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 can only be use\n-00028440: 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a67 6c6f 6261 6c20 d in the.global \n-00028450: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2063 section of the c\n-00028460: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00028470: 6520 286f 7220 226d 656e 7522 293b 206d e (or \"menu\"); m\n-00028480: 6f73 7420 6f66 2074 6865 6d20 6361 6e0a ost of them can.\n-00028490: 6265 2065 6e74 6572 6564 206f 6e20 7468 be entered on th\n-000284a0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 e command-line a\n-000284b0: 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2065 nd can be used e\n-000284c0: 6974 6865 7220 616e 7977 6865 7265 2069 ither anywhere i\n-000284d0: 6e20 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 206f 7220 7370 n the.menu or sp\n-000284e0: 6563 6966 6963 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 ecifically in th\n-000284f0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a e menu entries..\n-00028500: 0a20 2020 496e 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f . In rescue mo\n-00028510: 6465 2c20 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 20e2 8098 de, only the ...\n-00028520: 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 insmod... (*note\n-00028530: 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2c20 e280 986c insmod::), ...l\n-00028540: 73e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 3a3a s... (*note.ls::\n-00028550: 292c 20e2 8098 7365 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e ), ...set... (*n\n-00028560: 6f74 6520 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 ote set::), and \n-00028570: e280 9875 6e73 6574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ...unset... (*no\n-00028580: 7465 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d te unset::) comm\n-00028590: 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c ands are.normall\n-000285a0: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 4966 y available. If\n-000285b0: 2079 6f75 2065 6e64 2075 7020 696e 2072 you end up in r\n-000285c0: 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 2064 escue mode and d\n-000285d0: 6f20 6e6f 7420 6b6e 6f77 2077 6861 740a o not know what.\n-000285e0: 746f 2064 6f2c 2074 6865 6e20 2a6e 6f74 to do, then *not\n-000285f0: 6520 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 e GRUB only offe\n-00028600: 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c rs a rescue shel\n-00028610: 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a l::...* Menu:..*\n-00028620: 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 Menu-specific c\n-00028630: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 4c6f 6164 ommands::.* Load\n-00028640: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 er commands::.* \n-00028650: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 General commands\n-00028660: 3a3a 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e ::.* Command-lin\n-00028670: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 204e e commands::.* N\n-00028680: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-00028690: 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e ds::.* Undocumen\n-000286a0: 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a0a ted commands::..\n-000286b0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000286c0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 o, Node: Menu-s\n-000286d0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 pecific commands\n-000286e0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 , Next: Loader \n-000286f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 commands, Up: C\n-00028700: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3120 436f ommands..17.1 Co\n-00028710: 6d6d 616e 6473 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d mmands for the m\n-00028720: 656e 7520 6f6e 6c79 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d enu only.=======\n+00026b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00026b60: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+00026b70: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00026b80: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 Node: pxe_defa\n+00026b90: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 ult_server, Nex\n+00026ba0: 743a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: root, Prev: \n+00026bb0: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 pxe_default_gate\n+00026bc0: 7761 792c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 way, Up: Specia\n+00026bd0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00026be0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3432 riables..15.1.42\n+00026bf0: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 pxe_default_ser\n+00026c00: 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ver.------------\n+00026c10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00026c20: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n+00026c30: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00026c40: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 726f 6f74 nfo, Node: root\n+00026c50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f , Next: shim_lo\n+00026c60: 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f64 ck, Prev: pxe_d\n+00026c70: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 efault_server, \n+00026c80: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00026c90: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00026ca0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3433 2072 6f6f 740a s..15.1.43 root.\n+00026cb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+00026cc0: 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 e root device na\n+00026cd0: 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 me (*note Device\n+00026ce0: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2041 6e79 syntax::). Any\n+00026cf0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 6174 file names that\n+00026d00: 2064 6f0a 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 do.not specify \n+00026d10: 616e 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 6465 7669 an explicit devi\n+00026d20: 6365 206e 616d 6520 6172 6520 7265 6164 ce name are read\n+00026d30: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 from this devic\n+00026d40: 652e 2020 5468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 e. The.default \n+00026d50: 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 is normally set \n+00026d60: 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 by GRUB at start\n+00026d70: 7570 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 up based on the \n+00026d80: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0ae2 8098 7072 6566 value of....pref\n+00026d90: 6978 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 7265 ix... (*note pre\n+00026da0: 6669 783a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 fix::)... For \n+00026db0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 4752 5542 example, if GRUB\n+00026dc0: 2077 6173 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2074 was installed t\n+00026dd0: 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 o the first part\n+00026de0: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a66 6972 ition of the.fir\n+00026df0: 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7468 st hard disk, th\n+00026e00: 656e 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 en ...prefix... \n+00026e10: 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 might be set to \n+00026e20: e280 9828 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 292f ...(hd0,msdos1)/\n+00026e30: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 0a61 6e64 boot/grub....and\n+00026e40: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 746f 20e2 ...root... to .\n+00026e50: 8098 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 e280 992e ..hd0,msdos1....\n+00026e60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00026e70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 696d nfo, Node: shim\n+00026e80: 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 _lock, Next: su\n+00026e90: 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2050 7265 763a perusers, Prev:\n+00026ea0: 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 root, Up: Spec\n+00026eb0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00026ec0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00026ed0: 3434 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a2d 2d2d 44 shim_lock.---\n+00026ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00026ef0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n+00026f00: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 is set to ...y.\n+00026f10: 8099 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 .., it means tha\n+00026f20: 7420 7468 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 t the shim_lock \n+00026f30: 7665 7269 6669 6572 2069 730a 7265 6769 verifier is.regi\n+00026f40: 7374 6572 6564 2028 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 stered (see *not\n+00026f50: 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f e UEFI secure bo\n+00026f60: 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a 3a29 2e0a ot and shim::)..\n+00026f70: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00026f80: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 7570 6572 fo, Node: super\n+00026f90: 7573 6572 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7468 users, Next: th\n+00026fa0: 656d 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 696d eme, Prev: shim\n+00026fb0: 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 _lock, Up: Spec\n+00026fc0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00026fd0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00026fe0: 3435 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a 2d2d 45 superusers.--\n+00026ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00027000: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n+00027010: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 may be set to a \n+00027020: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7375 7065 7275 7365 list of superuse\n+00027030: 7220 6e61 6d65 7320 746f 2065 6e61 626c r names to enabl\n+00027040: 650a 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e e.authentication\n+00027050: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 support. *Note\n+00027060: 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a Security::.....\n+00027070: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00027080: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 Node: theme, \n+00027090: 4e65 7874 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 Next: timeout, \n+000270a0: 5072 6576 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 Prev: superusers\n+000270b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+000270c0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000270d0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3620 7468 bles..15.1.46 th\n+000270e0: 656d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eme.------------\n+000270f0: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n+00027100: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 may be set to a\n+00027110: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 directory conta\n+00027120: 696e 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2067 7261 ining a GRUB gra\n+00027130: 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 750a 7468 656d phical menu.them\n+00027140: 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 e. *Note Theme \n+00027150: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a file format::...\n+00027160: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 This variable\n+00027170: 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 is often set by\n+00027180: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 e280 ...GRUB_THEME..\n+00027190: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a . (*note Simple.\n+000271a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n+000271b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000271c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 696d info, Node: tim\n+000271d0: 656f 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d eout, Next: tim\n+000271e0: 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 eout_style, Pre\n+000271f0: 763a 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 v: theme, Up: S\n+00027200: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00027210: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00027220: 2e31 2e34 3720 7469 6d65 6f75 740a 2d2d .1.47 timeout.--\n+00027230: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n+00027240: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n+00027250: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2073 7065 6369 is set, it speci\n+00027260: 6669 6573 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 696e fies the time in\n+00027270: 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7761 6974 seconds to wait\n+00027280: 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 626f 6172 6420 696e for.keyboard in\n+00027290: 7075 7420 6265 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 put before booti\n+000272a0: 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d ng the default m\n+000272b0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 4120 7469 enu entry. A ti\n+000272c0: 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 meout of ...0...\n+000272d0: 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 .means to boot t\n+000272e0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 he default entry\n+000272f0: 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2077 6974 immediately wit\n+00027300: 686f 7574 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 hout displaying \n+00027310: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3b0a 6120 7469 6d65 the menu;.a time\n+00027320: 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 out of ...-1... \n+00027330: 286f 7220 756e 7365 7429 206d 6561 6e73 (or unset) means\n+00027340: 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e to wait indefin\n+00027350: 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 e280 itely... If ..\n+00027360: 9874 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 e280 .timeout_style..\n+00027370: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 . (*note timeout\n+00027380: 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a 2920 6973 2073 6574 _style::) is set\n+00027390: 2074 6f20 e280 9863 6f75 6e74 646f 776e to ...countdown\n+000273a0: e280 9920 6f72 0ae2 8098 6869 6464 656e ... or....hidden\n+000273b0: e280 992c 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 ..., the timeout\n+000273c0: 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e is instead coun\n+000273d0: 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d ted before the m\n+000273e0: 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 enu is displayed\n+000273f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ... This varia\n+00027400: 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 ble is often set\n+00027410: 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 by ...GRUB_TIME\n+00027420: 4f55 54e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 OUT... (*note Si\n+00027430: 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple.configurati\n+00027440: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 on::).....File: \n+00027450: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00027460: 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c : timeout_style,\n+00027470: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c Next: tpm_fail\n+00027480: 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 _fatal, Prev: t\n+00027490: 696d 656f 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 imeout, Up: Spe\n+000274a0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+000274b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+000274c0: 2e34 3820 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c .48 timeout_styl\n+000274d0: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n+000274e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+000274f0: 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 riable may be se\n+00027500: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c t to ...menu...,\n+00027510: 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 ...countdown...\n+00027520: 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 , or ...hidden..\n+00027530: 9920 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a74 6865 . to control.the\n+00027540: 2077 6179 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 way in which th\n+00027550: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 e timeout (*note\n+00027560: 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 2920 696e 7465 timeout::) inte\n+00027570: 7261 6374 7320 7769 7468 2064 6973 706c racts with displ\n+00027580: 6179 696e 670a 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2e20 aying.the menu. \n+00027590: 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e See the documen\n+000275a0: 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9847 5255 tation of ...GRU\n+000275b0: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 B_TIMEOUT_STYLE.\n+000275c0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 .. (*note Simple\n+000275d0: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a .configuration::\n+000275e0: 2920 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a ) for details...\n+000275f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00027600: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 o, Node: tpm_fa\n+00027610: 696c 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a il_fatal, Prev:\n+00027620: 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 timeout_style, \n+00027630: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00027640: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00027650: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3920 7470 6d5f es..15.1.49 tpm_\n+00027660: 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d fail_fatal.-----\n+00027670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00027680: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n+00027690: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2061 6e64 2074 ble is set and t\n+000276a0: 7275 6520 2869 2e65 2e2c 206e 6f74 2073 rue (i.e., not s\n+000276b0: 6574 2074 6f20 2230 222c 2022 6661 6c73 et to \"0\", \"fals\n+000276c0: 6522 2c0a 2264 6973 6162 6c65 222c 206f e\",.\"disable\", o\n+000276d0: 7220 226e 6f22 292c 2054 504d 206d 6561 r \"no\"), TPM mea\n+000276e0: 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 7468 6174 2066 surements that f\n+000276f0: 6169 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 ail will be trea\n+00027700: 7465 6420 6173 0a66 6174 616c 2e20 204f ted as.fatal. O\n+00027710: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6579 2077 therwise, they w\n+00027720: 696c 6c20 6d65 7265 6c79 2062 6520 6465 ill merely be de\n+00027730: 6275 672d 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 2062 bug-logged and b\n+00027740: 6f6f 7420 7769 6c6c 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 oot will.continu\n+00027750: 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 616c 6c20 746f 2045 e... Call to E\n+00027760: 4649 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 206c 696b FI firmware, lik\n+00027770: 6520 6861 7368 5f6c 6f67 5f65 7874 656e e hash_log_exten\n+00027780: 645f 6576 656e 7428 292c 2063 616e 2072 d_event(), can r\n+00027790: 6574 7572 6e20 616e 0a75 6e6b 6e6f 776e eturn an.unknown\n+000277a0: 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 692e 652e 2020 6475 error, i.e. du\n+000277b0: 6520 746f 2062 7567 2070 7265 7365 6e74 e to bug present\n+000277c0: 2069 6e20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2057 in firmware. W\n+000277d0: 6865 6e20 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c hen this variabl\n+000277e0: 650a 6973 2073 6574 2061 6e64 2074 7275 e.is set and tru\n+000277f0: 6520 2873 616d 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2061 e (same values a\n+00027800: 7320 7769 7468 2054 504d 206d 6561 7375 s with TPM measu\n+00027810: 7265 6d65 6e74 7329 2074 6869 7320 7369 rements) this si\n+00027820: 7475 6174 696f 6e0a 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 tuation.will be \n+00027830: 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2074 6f20 6265 considered to be\n+00027840: 2066 6174 616c 2061 6e64 2065 7272 6f72 fatal and error\n+00027850: 2d6c 6f67 6765 6420 6173 2022 756e 6b6e -logged as \"unkn\n+00027860: 6f77 6e20 5450 4d20 6572 726f 7222 2e0a own TPM error\"..\n+00027870: 4966 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2c20 626f 6f74 If not set, boot\n+00027880: 696e 6720 7468 6520 4f53 2077 696c 6c20 ing the OS will \n+00027890: 6265 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 be enabled.....F\n+000278a0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000278b0: 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Node: Environme\n+000278c0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a nt block, Prev:\n+000278d0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+000278e0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 ment variables, \n+000278f0: 2055 703a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Up: Environment\n+00027900: 0a0a 3135 2e32 2054 6865 2047 5255 4220 ..15.2 The GRUB \n+00027910: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n+00027920: 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d k.==============\n+00027930: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00027940: 3d0a 0a49 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2075 =..It is often u\n+00027950: 7365 6675 6c20 746f 2062 6520 6162 6c65 seful to be able\n+00027960: 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2061 2073 to remember a s\n+00027970: 6d61 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2069 mall amount of i\n+00027980: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a66 726f 6d20 nformation.from \n+00027990: 6f6e 6520 626f 6f74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 one boot to the \n+000279a0: 6e65 7874 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 next. For examp\n+000279b0: 6c65 2c20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 7761 le, you might wa\n+000279c0: 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 650a 6465 nt to set the.de\n+000279d0: 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 fault menu entry\n+000279e0: 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7768 6174 2077 based on what w\n+000279f0: 6173 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7468 6520 as selected the \n+00027a00: 6c61 7374 2074 696d 652e 2020 4752 5542 last time. GRUB\n+00027a10: 0a64 656c 6962 6572 6174 656c 7920 646f .deliberately do\n+00027a20: 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 es not implement\n+00027a30: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2077 7269 support for wri\n+00027a40: 7469 6e67 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 ting files in or\n+00027a50: 6465 7220 746f 0a6d 696e 696d 6973 6520 der to.minimise \n+00027a60: 7468 6520 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 the possibility \n+00027a70: 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 of the boot load\n+00027a80: 6572 2062 6569 6e67 2072 6573 706f 6e73 er being respons\n+00027a90: 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2066 696c 650a 7379 ible for file.sy\n+00027aa0: 7374 656d 2063 6f72 7275 7074 696f 6e2c stem corruption,\n+00027ab0: 2073 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 so a GRUB confi\n+00027ac0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6361 guration file ca\n+00027ad0: 6e6e 6f74 206a 7573 7420 6372 6561 7465 nnot just create\n+00027ae0: 2061 0a66 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206f a.file in the o\n+00027af0: 7264 696e 6172 7920 7761 792e 2020 486f rdinary way. Ho\n+00027b00: 7765 7665 722c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 wever, GRUB prov\n+00027b10: 6964 6573 2061 6e20 2265 6e76 6972 6f6e ides an \"environ\n+00027b20: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 220a 7768 6963 ment block\".whic\n+00027b30: 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f h can be used to\n+00027b40: 2073 6176 6520 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d save a small am\n+00027b50: 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7374 6174 652e 0a0a ount of state...\n+00027b60: 2020 2054 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 The environme\n+00027b70: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 7320 6120 7072 nt block is a pr\n+00027b80: 6561 6c6c 6f63 6174 6564 2031 3032 342d eallocated 1024-\n+00027b90: 6279 7465 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 byte file, which\n+00027ba0: 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6c69 7665 7320 .normally lives \n+00027bb0: 696e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 in .../boot/grub\n+00027bc0: 2f67 7275 6265 6e76 e280 9920 2861 6c74 /grubenv... (alt\n+00027bd0: 686f 7567 6820 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 hough you should\n+00027be0: 206e 6f74 2061 7373 756d 650a 7468 6973 not assume.this\n+00027bf0: 292e 2020 4174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 ). At boot time\n+00027c00: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c 6f61 645f 656e , the ...load_en\n+00027c10: 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e v... command (*n\n+00027c20: 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2920 ote load_env::) \n+00027c30: 6c6f 6164 730a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e loads.environmen\n+00027c40: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d t variables from\n+00027c50: 2069 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 20e2 8098 it, and the ...\n+00027c60: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 282a 6e6f save_env... (*no\n+00027c70: 7465 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a29 0a63 te save_env::).c\n+00027c80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6176 6573 2065 6e76 ommand saves env\n+00027c90: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00027ca0: 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2046 726f 6d20 es to it. From \n+00027cb0: 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d a running system\n+00027cc0: 2c20 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 622d 6564 , the....grub-ed\n+00027cd0: 6974 656e 76e2 8099 2075 7469 6c69 7479 itenv... utility\n+00027ce0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n+00027cf0: 6564 6974 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e edit the environ\n+00027d00: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 ment block... \n+00027d10: 466f 7220 7361 6665 7479 2072 6561 736f For safety reaso\n+00027d20: 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2073 746f 7261 6765 ns, this storage\n+00027d30: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n+00027d40: 6c65 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 le when installe\n+00027d50: 6420 6f6e 0a61 2070 6c61 696e 2064 6973 d on.a plain dis\n+00027d60: 6b20 286e 6f20 4c56 4d20 6f72 2052 4149 k (no LVM or RAI\n+00027d70: 4429 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6120 6e6f 6e2d D), using a non-\n+00027d80: 6368 6563 6b73 756d 6d69 6e67 2066 696c checksumming fil\n+00027d90: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 286e 6f0a 5a46 5329 esystem (no.ZFS)\n+00027da0: 2c20 616e 6420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 , and using BIOS\n+00027db0: 206f 7220 4546 4920 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e or EFI function\n+00027dc0: 7320 286e 6f20 4154 412c 2055 5342 206f s (no ATA, USB o\n+00027dd0: 7220 4945 4545 3132 3735 292e 0a0a 2020 r IEEE1275)... \n+00027de0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n+00027df0: 67e2 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 g... uses this f\n+00027e00: 6163 696c 6974 7920 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 acility to imple\n+00027e10: 6d65 6e74 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4156 ment ...GRUB_SAV\n+00027e20: 4544 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 282a 6e6f EDEFAULT....(*no\n+00027e30: 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple config\n+00027e40: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 uration::).....F\n+00027e50: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00027e60: 204e 6f64 653a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 Node: Modules, \n+00027e70: 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c Next: Commands,\n+00027e80: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d Prev: Environm\n+00027e90: 656e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 ent, Up: Top..1\n+00027ea0: 3620 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 6 Modules.******\n+00027eb0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 2074 6869 7320 6368 ****..In this ch\n+00027ec0: 6170 7465 722c 2077 6520 6c69 7374 2061 apter, we list a\n+00027ed0: 6c6c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6861 7420 ll modules that \n+00027ee0: 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e are available in\n+00027ef0: 2047 5255 420a 2863 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 GRUB.(currently\n+00027f00: 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 2e0a 0a20 incomplete)... \n+00027f10: 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 Modules can be\n+00027f20: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7669 6120 7468 6520 loaded via the \n+00027f30: e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e ...insmod... (*n\n+00027f40: 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 2920 636f ote insmod::) co\n+00027f50: 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a mmand...* Menu:.\n+00027f60: 0a2a 2062 6c69 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 .* bli::....File\n+00027f70: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00027f80: 6465 3a20 626c 692c 2020 5570 3a20 4d6f de: bli, Up: Mo\n+00027f90: 6475 6c65 730a 0a31 362e 3120 626c 690a dules..16.1 bli.\n+00027fa0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6973 206d ========..This m\n+00027fb0: 6f64 756c 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2062 odule provides b\n+00027fc0: 6173 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 asic support for\n+00027fd0: 2074 6865 2042 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 the Boot Loader\n+00027fe0: 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 2054 6865 Interface. The\n+00027ff0: 0a42 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 6e74 .Boot Loader Int\n+00028000: 6572 6661 6365 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 erface specifies\n+00028010: 2061 2073 6574 206f 6620 4546 4920 7661 a set of EFI va\n+00028020: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 riables that are\n+00028030: 2075 7365 6420 746f 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 used to.communi\n+00028040: 6361 7465 2062 6f6f 742d 7469 6d65 2069 cate boot-time i\n+00028050: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2062 6574 7765 nformation betwe\n+00028060: 656e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 en the bootloade\n+00028070: 7220 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f70 6572 6174 r and the.operat\n+00028080: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 ing system... \n+00028090: 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7661 The following va\n+000280a0: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 6520 706c 6163 riables are plac\n+000280b0: 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2076 656e ed under the ven\n+000280c0: 646f 7220 5555 4944 0ae2 8098 3461 3637 dor UUID....4a67\n+000280d0: 6230 3832 2d30 6134 632d 3431 6366 2d62 b082-0a4c-41cf-b\n+000280e0: 3663 372d 3434 3062 3239 6262 3863 3466 6c7-440b29bb8c4f\n+000280f0: e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 206d 6f64 ... when the mod\n+00028100: 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 643a 0a0a ule is loaded:..\n+00028110: 2020 2054 6865 2047 5054 2070 6172 7469 The GPT parti\n+00028120: 7469 6f6e 2055 5549 4420 6f66 2074 6865 tion UUID of the\n+00028130: 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d20 5061 7274 EFI System Part\n+00028140: 6974 696f 6e20 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e ition used durin\n+00028150: 6720 626f 6f74 0a69 7320 7075 626c 6973 g boot.is publis\n+00028160: 6865 6420 7669 6120 7468 6520 e280 984c hed via the ...L\n+00028170: 6f61 6465 7244 6576 6963 6550 6172 7455 oaderDevicePartU\n+00028180: 5549 44e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 652e UID... variable.\n+00028190: 2020 5468 6520 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 6465 The Boot Loade\n+000281a0: 720a 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7370 6563 r.Interface spec\n+000281b0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7265 7175 6972 ification requir\n+000281c0: 6573 2047 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 es GPT formatted\n+000281d0: 2064 7269 7665 732e 2020 5468 6520 626c drives. The bl\n+000281e0: 6920 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a69 676e 6f72 6573 i module.ignores\n+000281f0: 2064 7269 7665 732f 7061 7274 6974 696f drives/partitio\n+00028200: 6e73 2069 6e20 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 ns in any other \n+00028210: 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2049 6620 4752 5542 format. If GRUB\n+00028220: 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 726f 6d20 is loaded from \n+00028230: 610a 6e6f 6e2d 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 a.non-GPT partit\n+00028240: 696f 6e2c 2065 2e67 2e20 2066 726f 6d20 ion, e.g. from \n+00028250: 616e 204d 5344 4f53 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 an MSDOS formatt\n+00028260: 6564 2064 7269 7665 206f 7220 6e65 7477 ed drive or netw\n+00028270: 6f72 6b2c 2074 6869 730a 7661 7269 6162 ork, this.variab\n+00028280: 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 le will not be s\n+00028290: 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 7374 7269 6e67 et... A string\n+000282a0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 2047 5255 identifying GRU\n+000282b0: 4220 6173 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 B as the active \n+000282c0: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2069 6e63 6c75 bootloader inclu\n+000282d0: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e ding the.version\n+000282e0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6973 2073 746f 7265 number is store\n+000282f0: 6420 696e 20e2 8098 4c6f 6164 6572 496e d in ...LoaderIn\n+00028300: 666f e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 fo...... This \n+00028310: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 module is only a\n+00028320: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 5545 4649 vailable on UEFI\n+00028330: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 platforms.....F\n+00028340: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00028350: 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c Node: Commands,\n+00028360: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 Next: Internat\n+00028370: 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 ionalisation, P\n+00028380: 7265 763a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 2055 rev: Modules, U\n+00028390: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3137 2041 7661 696c p: Top..17 Avail\n+000283a0: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2a2a able commands.**\n+000283b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000283c0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6861 ***..In this cha\n+000283d0: 7074 6572 2c20 7765 206c 6973 7420 616c pter, we list al\n+000283e0: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 l commands that \n+000283f0: 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e are available in\n+00028400: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 GRUB... Comma\n+00028410: 6e64 7320 6265 6c6f 6e67 2074 6f20 6469 nds belong to di\n+00028420: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6772 6f75 7073 2e20 fferent groups. \n+00028430: 2041 2066 6577 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 A few can only \n+00028440: 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a67 be used in the.g\n+00028450: 6c6f 6261 6c20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 lobal section of\n+00028460: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 the configurati\n+00028470: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 286f 7220 226d 656e on file (or \"men\n+00028480: 7522 293b 206d 6f73 7420 6f66 2074 6865 u\"); most of the\n+00028490: 6d20 6361 6e0a 6265 2065 6e74 6572 6564 m can.be entered\n+000284a0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d on the command-\n+000284b0: 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 line and can be \n+000284c0: 7573 6564 2065 6974 6865 7220 616e 7977 used either anyw\n+000284d0: 6865 7265 2069 6e20 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 here in the.menu\n+000284e0: 206f 7220 7370 6563 6966 6963 616c 6c79 or specifically\n+000284f0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 in the menu ent\n+00028500: 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2072 6573 ries... In res\n+00028510: 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f6e 6c79 2074 cue mode, only t\n+00028520: 6865 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 he ...insmod... \n+00028530: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 (*note insmod::)\n+00028540: 2c20 e280 986c 73e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 , ...ls... (*not\n+00028550: 650a 6c73 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 7365 74e2 e.ls::), ...set.\n+00028560: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 743a 3a29 .. (*note set::)\n+00028570: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9875 6e73 6574 e280 , and ...unset..\n+00028580: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a . (*note unset::\n+00028590: 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a6e ) commands are.n\n+000285a0: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c ormally availabl\n+000285b0: 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 6e64 2075 e. If you end u\n+000285c0: 7020 696e 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 p in rescue mode\n+000285d0: 2061 6e64 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6b6e 6f77 and do not know\n+000285e0: 2077 6861 740a 746f 2064 6f2c 2074 6865 what.to do, the\n+000285f0: 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4752 5542 206f 6e6c n *note GRUB onl\n+00028600: 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 y offers a rescu\n+00028610: 6520 7368 656c 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 e shell::...* Me\n+00028620: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 nu:..* Menu-spec\n+00028630: 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a ific commands::.\n+00028640: 2a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 * Loader command\n+00028650: 733a 3a0a 2a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f s::.* General co\n+00028660: 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 mmands::.* Comma\n+00028670: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00028680: 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 ::.* Networking \n+00028690: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2055 6e64 commands::.* Und\n+000286a0: 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e ocumented comman\n+000286b0: 6473 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ds::....File: gr\n+000286c0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000286d0: 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f Menu-specific co\n+000286e0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c mmands, Next: L\n+000286f0: 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 oader commands, \n+00028700: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 Up: Commands..1\n+00028710: 372e 3120 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2066 6f72 7.1 Commands for\n+00028720: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6f6e 6c79 0a3d the menu only.=\n 00028730: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00028740: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7365 ========..The se\n-00028750: 6d61 6e74 6963 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 mantics used in \n-00028760: 7061 7273 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6e66 parsing the conf\n-00028770: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2061 iguration file a\n-00028780: 7265 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 re the following\n-00028790: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 6669 :.. ... The fi\n-000287a0: 6c65 7320 5f6d 7573 745f 2062 6520 696e les _must_ be in\n-000287b0: 2070 6c61 696e 2d74 6578 7420 666f 726d plain-text form\n-000287c0: 6174 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9823 at... ... ...#\n-000287d0: e280 9920 6174 2074 6865 2062 6567 696e ... at the begin\n-000287e0: 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 ning of a line i\n-000287f0: 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f n a configuratio\n-00028800: 6e20 6669 6c65 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 n file means it \n-00028810: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 2061 2063 is. only a c\n-00028820: 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 omment... ... \n-00028830: 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7365 7061 Options are sepa\n-00028840: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e rated by spaces.\n-00028850: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 6c6c 206e 756d .. ... All num\n-00028860: 6265 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 6569 7468 bers can be eith\n-00028870: 6572 2064 6563 696d 616c 206f 7220 6865 er decimal or he\n-00028880: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 4120 6865 xadecimal. A he\n-00028890: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 206e xadecimal. n\n-000288a0: 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7072 umber must be pr\n-000288b0: 6563 6564 6564 2062 7920 e280 9830 78e2 eceded by ...0x.\n-000288c0: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2063 6173 652d .., and is case-\n-000288d0: 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 insensitive... \n-000288e0: 2054 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 These commands \n-000288f0: 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 can only be used\n-00028900: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a in the menu:..*\n-00028910: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6d65 6e75 656e Menu:..* menuen\n-00028920: 7472 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 try:: \n-00028930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5374 6172 7420 6120 Start a \n-00028940: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 2073 7562 menu entry.* sub\n-00028950: 6d65 6e75 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 menu:: \n-00028960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 726f 7570 Group\n-00028970: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 0a1f menu entries...\n-00028980: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00028990: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 , Node: menuent\n-000289a0: 7279 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 7562 6d65 ry, Next: subme\n-000289b0: 6e75 2c20 2055 703a 204d 656e 752d 7370 nu, Up: Menu-sp\n-000289c0: 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a ecific commands.\n-000289d0: 0a31 372e 312e 3120 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 .17.1.1 menuentr\n-000289e0: 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d y.--------------\n-000289f0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00028a00: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 menuentry TITLE\n-00028a10: 205b 2d2d 636c 6173 733d 636c 6173 7320 [--class=class \n-00028a20: 2e2e 2e5d 205b 2d2d 7573 6572 733d 7573 ...] [--users=us\n-00028a30: 6572 735d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b ers]. [\n-00028a40: 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 5d20 --unrestricted] \n-00028a50: 5b2d 2d68 6f74 6b65 793d 6b65 795d 205b [--hotkey=key] [\n-00028a60: 2d2d 6964 3d69 645d 205b 4152 4720 2e2e --id=id] [ARG ..\n-00028a70: 2e5d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b0a 2020 .] { COMMAND;. \n-00028a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 ... }. \n-00028a90: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 This defines \n-00028aa0: 6120 4752 5542 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 a GRUB menu entr\n-00028ab0: 7920 6e61 6d65 6420 5449 544c 452e 2020 y named TITLE. \n-00028ac0: 5768 656e 2074 6869 7320 656e 7472 7920 When this entry \n-00028ad0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 is. selected\n-00028ae0: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 from the menu, \n-00028af0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 7468 GRUB will set th\n-00028b00: 6520 4348 4f53 454e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e e CHOSEN environ\n-00028b10: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 ment. variab\n-00028b20: 6c65 2074 6f20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 le to value of .\n-00028b30: 8098 2d2d 6964 e280 9920 6966 20e2 8098 ..--id... if ...\n-00028b40: 2d2d 6964 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e --id... is given\n-00028b50: 2c20 6578 6563 7574 6520 7468 6520 6c69 , execute the li\n-00028b60: 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 st of. comma\n-00028b70: 6e64 7320 6769 7665 6e20 7769 7468 696e nds given within\n-00028b80: 2062 7261 6365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6620 braces, and if \n-00028b90: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the last command\n-00028ba0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 in the list. \n-00028bb0: 2020 7265 7475 726e 6564 2073 7563 6365 returned succe\n-00028bc0: 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 616e 6420 6120 6b65 ssfully and a ke\n-00028bd0: 726e 656c 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 6420 rnel was loaded \n-00028be0: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6578 6563 7574 6520 it will execute \n-00028bf0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 the. ...boot\n-00028c00: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 ... command... \n-00028c10: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 636c 6173 The ...--clas\n-00028c20: 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 s... option may \n-00028c30: 6265 2075 7365 6420 616e 7920 6e75 6d62 be used any numb\n-00028c40: 6572 206f 6620 7469 6d65 7320 746f 2067 er of times to g\n-00028c50: 726f 7570 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 roup menu. e\n-00028c60: 6e74 7269 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 636c 6173 ntries into clas\n-00028c70: 7365 732e 2020 4d65 6e75 2074 6865 6d65 ses. Menu theme\n-00028c80: 7320 6d61 7920 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6469 s may display di\n-00028c90: 6666 6572 656e 7420 636c 6173 7365 730a fferent classes.\n-00028ca0: 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2064 6966 6665 using diffe\n-00028cb0: 7265 6e74 2073 7479 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 rent styles... \n-00028cc0: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 The ...--user\n-00028cd0: 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6772 616e s... option gran\n-00028ce0: 7473 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7573 6572 ts specific user\n-00028cf0: 7320 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 s access to spec\n-00028d00: 6966 6963 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 ific menu. e\n-00028d10: 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 ntries. *Note S\n-00028d20: 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 ecurity::... \n-00028d30: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 The ...--unrest\n-00028d40: 7269 6374 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ricted... option\n-00028d50: 2067 7261 6e74 7320 616c 6c20 7573 6572 grants all user\n-00028d60: 7320 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 s access to spec\n-00028d70: 6966 6963 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2065 ific. menu e\n-00028d80: 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 ntries. *Note S\n-00028d90: 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 ecurity::... \n-00028da0: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 The ...--hotkey\n-00028db0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7373 6f63 ... option assoc\n-00028dc0: 6961 7465 7320 6120 686f 746b 6579 2077 iates a hotkey w\n-00028dd0: 6974 6820 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 ith a menu entry\n-00028de0: 2e20 204b 4559 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7920 . KEY. may \n-00028df0: 6265 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 6c65 7474 be a single lett\n-00028e00: 6572 2c20 6f72 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 er, or one of th\n-00028e10: 6520 616c 6961 7365 7320 e280 9862 6163 e aliases ...bac\n-00028e20: 6b73 7061 6365 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7461 kspace..., ...ta\n-00028e30: 62e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 206f 7220 e280 b...,. or ..\n-00028e40: 9864 656c 6574 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 .delete...... \n-00028e50: 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d69 64e2 8099 The ...--id...\n-00028e60: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 may be used to \n-00028e70: 6173 736f 6369 6174 6520 756e 6971 7565 associate unique\n-00028e80: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 7769 7468 identifier with\n-00028e90: 2061 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 a menu. ent\n-00028ea0: 7279 2e20 2049 4420 6973 2073 7472 696e ry. ID is strin\n-00028eb0: 6720 6f66 2041 5343 4949 2061 7068 616e g of ASCII aphan\n-00028ec0: 756d 6572 6963 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 umeric character\n-00028ed0: 732c 2075 6e64 6572 7363 6f72 650a 2020 s, underscore. \n-00028ee0: 2020 2061 6e64 2068 7970 6865 6e20 616e and hyphen an\n-00028ef0: 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2073 7461 d should not sta\n-00028f00: 7274 2077 6974 6820 6120 6469 6769 742e rt with a digit.\n-00028f10: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 .. All other\n-00028f20: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2069 6e63 6c75 arguments inclu\n-00028f30: 6469 6e67 2054 4954 4c45 2061 7265 2070 ding TITLE are p\n-00028f40: 6173 7365 6420 6173 2070 6f73 6974 696f assed as positio\n-00028f50: 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 616d 6574 nal. paramet\n-00028f60: 6572 7320 7768 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 ers when list of\n-00028f70: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2065 7865 commands is exe\n-00028f80: 6375 7465 6420 7769 7468 2054 4954 4c45 cuted with TITLE\n-00028f90: 2061 6c77 6179 730a 2020 2020 2061 7373 always. ass\n-00028fa0: 6967 6e65 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2431 e280 igned to ...$1..\n-00028fb0: 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ......File: grub\n-00028fc0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 .info, Node: su\n-00028fd0: 626d 656e 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 bmenu, Prev: me\n-00028fe0: 6e75 656e 7472 792c 2020 5570 3a20 4d65 nuentry, Up: Me\n-00028ff0: 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d nu-specific comm\n-00029000: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e31 2e32 2073 7562 ands..17.1.2 sub\n-00029010: 6d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d menu.-----------\n-00029020: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00029030: 3a20 7375 626d 656e 7520 5449 544c 4520 : submenu TITLE \n-00029040: 5b2d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 202e [--class=class .\n-00029050: 2e2e 5d20 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 ..] [--users=use\n-00029060: 7273 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d rs]. [-\n-00029070: 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 645d 205b -unrestricted] [\n-00029080: 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 5b2d --hotkey=key] [-\n-00029090: 2d69 643d 6964 5d20 7b20 4d45 4e55 2045 -id=id] { MENU E\n-000290a0: 4e54 5249 4553 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 2020 NTRIES ... }. \n-000290b0: 2020 5468 6973 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 This defines a\n-000290c0: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2041 6e20 656e submenu. 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All opt\n+00029180: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2074 6865 2073 616d ions are the sam\n+00029190: 6520 6173 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 986d e as in the ...m\n+000291a0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 e280 9920 636f 6d6d enuentry... comm\n+000291b0: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 and (*note. \n+000291c0: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f menuentry::)....\n+000291d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000291e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 , Node: Loader \n+000291f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a commands, Next:\n+00029200: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n+00029210: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 s, Prev: Menu-s\n+00029220: 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 pecific commands\n+00029230: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a , Up: Commands.\n+00029240: 0a31 372e 3220 5661 7269 6f75 7320 6c6f .17.2 Various lo\n+00029250: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d ader commands.==\n 00029260: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00029270: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 636f 6d6d ====..These comm\n-00029280: 616e 6473 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f ands are used to\n-00029290: 206c 6f61 6420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 load necessary \n-000292a0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6f20 626f components to bo\n-000292b0: 6f74 2064 6573 6972 6564 204f 532e 0a4d ot desired OS..M\n-000292c0: 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 any of the loade\n-000292d0: 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 206e r commands are n\n-000292e0: 6f74 2073 7566 6669 6369 656e 746c 7920 ot sufficiently \n-000292f0: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2e20 2054 6865 documented. The\n-00029300: 0a66 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 .following is a \n-00029310: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 list of commands\n-00029320: 2074 6861 7420 636f 756c 6420 7573 6520 that could use \n-00029330: 6d6f 7265 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 more documentati\n-00029340: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 on:.. ... ...a\n-00029350: 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2d20 ppleloader... - \n-00029360: 426f 6f74 2042 494f 532d 6261 7365 6420 Boot BIOS-based \n-00029370: 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 system.. ... .\n-00029380: 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 202d 204c ..freedos... - L\n-00029390: 6f61 6420 4672 6565 444f 5320 6b65 726e oad FreeDOS kern\n-000293a0: 656c 2e73 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 el.sys.. ... .\n-000293b0: 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6c 6f61 6465 ..kfreebsd_loade\n-000293c0: 6e76 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 nv... - Load Fre\n-000293d0: 6542 5344 2065 6e76 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 eBSD env.. ...\n-000293e0: 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 ...kfreebsd_mod\n-000293f0: 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 ule_elf... - Loa\n-00029400: 6420 4672 6565 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c d FreeBSD kernel\n-00029410: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 module (ELF).. \n-00029420: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 6565 6273 ... ...kfreebs\n-00029430: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f d_module... - Lo\n-00029440: 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 ad FreeBSD kerne\n-00029450: 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 l module.. ...\n-00029460: 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 e280 9920 ...kfreebsd... \n-00029470: 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 - Load kernel of\n-00029480: 2046 7265 6542 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 FreeBSD.. ...\n-00029490: 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 ...knetbsd_modu\n-000294a0: 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 le_elf... - Load\n-000294b0: 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d NetBSD kernel m\n-000294c0: 6f64 756c 6520 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 odule (ELF).. \n-000294d0: e280 a220 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d ... ...knetbsd_m\n-000294e0: 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 odule... - Load \n-000294f0: 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f NetBSD kernel mo\n-00029500: 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 dule.. ... ...\n-00029510: 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 knetbsd... - Loa\n-00029520: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4e65 7442 d kernel of NetB\n-00029530: 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f SD.. ... ...ko\n-00029540: 7065 6e62 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 penbsd... - Load\n-00029550: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 204f 7065 6e42 kernel of OpenB\n-00029560: 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f SD.. ... ...ko\n-00029570: 7065 6e62 7364 5f72 616d 6469 736b e280 penbsd_ramdisk..\n-00029580: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 4f70 656e 4253 . - Load kOpenBS\n-00029590: 4420 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e 0a20 2020 e280 D ramdisk.. ..\n-000295a0: a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 696e 6974 . ...legacy_init\n-000295b0: 7264 5f6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 e280 9920 2d20 rd_nounzip... - \n-000295c0: 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 Simulate grub-le\n-000295d0: 6761 6379 2027 6d6f 6475 6c65 6e6f 756e gacy 'modulenoun\n-000295e0: 7a69 7027 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e zip'. comman\n-000295f0: 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 d. ... ...lega\n-00029600: 6379 5f69 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 202d 2053 cy_initrd... - S\n-00029610: 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 imulate grub-leg\n-00029620: 6163 7920 2769 6e69 7472 6427 2063 6f6d acy 'initrd' com\n-00029630: 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c mand. ... ...l\n-00029640: 6567 6163 795f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 egacy_kernel... \n-00029650: 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d - Simulate grub-\n-00029660: 6c65 6761 6379 2027 6b65 726e 656c 2720 legacy 'kernel' \n-00029670: 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 command. ... .\n-00029680: 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 32e2 8099 202d 204c ..module2... - L\n-00029690: 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 oad a multiboot \n-000296a0: 3220 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2 module.. ...\n-000296b0: 20e2 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 ...module... - \n-000296c0: 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 Load a multiboot\n-000296d0: 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 module.. ... \n-000296e0: e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 32e2 8099 ...multiboot2...\n-000296f0: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 - Load a multib\n-00029700: 6f6f 7420 3220 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 oot 2 kernel.. \n-00029710: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ... ...multiboo\n-00029720: 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 t... - Load a mu\n-00029730: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a ltiboot kernel..\n-00029740: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6e74 6c64 72e2 ... ...ntldr.\n-00029750: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e54 4c44 5220 .. - Load NTLDR \n-00029760: 6f72 2042 6f6f 744d 4752 2e0a 2020 20e2 or BootMGR.. .\n-00029770: 80a2 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 202d .. ...plan9... -\n-00029780: 204c 6f61 6420 506c 616e 3920 6b65 726e Load Plan9 kern\n-00029790: 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7078 el.. ... ...px\n-000297a0: 6563 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 echainloader... \n-000297b0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 2050 5845 2069 6d61 - Load a PXE ima\n-000297c0: 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 ge.. ... ...tr\n-000297d0: 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 uecrypt... - Loa\n-000297e0: 6420 5472 7565 6372 7970 7420 4953 4f2e d Truecrypt ISO.\n-000297f0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b . ... ...xnu_k\n-00029800: 6572 6e65 6c36 34e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 ernel64... - Loa\n-00029810: 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 d 64-bit XNU ima\n-00029820: 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e ge.. ... ...xn\n-00029830: 755f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 2d20 4c6f u_kernel... - Lo\n-00029840: 6164 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 ad XNU image.. \n-00029850: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 7874 ... ...xnu_kext\n-00029860: 6469 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e dir... - Load XN\n-00029870: 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 6469 7265 U extension dire\n-00029880: 6374 6f72 792e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ctory.. ... ..\n-00029890: 9878 6e75 5f6b 6578 74e2 8099 202d 204c .xnu_kext... - L\n-000298a0: 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f oad XNU extensio\n-000298b0: 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 n.. ... ...xnu\n-000298c0: 5f6d 6b65 7874 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 _mkext... - Load\n-000298d0: 2058 4e55 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2070 XNU extension p\n-000298e0: 6163 6b61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ackage.. ... .\n-000298f0: 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 ..xnu_ramdisk...\n-00029900: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 7261 6d64 - Load XNU ramd\n-00029910: 6973 6b2e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 isk. It will be\n-00029920: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 4f53 available in OS\n-00029930: 2061 730a 2020 2020 206d 6430 2e0a 2020 as. md0.. \n-00029940: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7265 7375 ... ...xnu_resu\n-00029950: 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e20 me... - Load an \n-00029960: 696d 6167 6520 6f66 2068 6962 6572 6e61 image of hiberna\n-00029970: 7465 6420 584e 552e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ted XNU.. ... \n-00029980: e280 9878 6e75 5f73 706c 6173 68e2 8099 ...xnu_splash...\n-00029990: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 7370 6c61 7368 - Load a splash\n-000299a0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2058 4e55 2e0a image for XNU..\n-000299b0: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6368 6169 .* Menu:..* chai\n-000299c0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 nloader:: \n-000299d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6169 6e2d Chain-\n-000299e0: 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f load another boo\n-000299f0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 t loader.* initr\n-00029a00: 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d:: \n-00029a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 Load a \n-00029a20: 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 0a2a 2069 Linux initrd.* i\n-00029a30: 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 nitrd16:: \n-00029a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n-00029a50: 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 d a Linux initrd\n-00029a60: 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a (16-bit mode).*\n-00029a70: 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 linux:: \n-00029a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n-00029a90: 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e oad a Linux kern\n-00029aa0: 656c 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2020 el.* linux16:: \n-00029ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029ac0: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 Load a Linux \n-00029ad0: 6b65 726e 656c 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d kernel (16-bit m\n-00029ae0: 6f64 6529 0a2a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 ode).* xen_hyper\n-00029af0: 7669 736f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 visor:: \n-00029b00: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7865 6e20 6879 Load xen hy\n-00029b10: 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2062 696e 6172 7920 pervisor binary \n-00029b20: 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 (only on AArch64\n-00029b30: 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a ).* xen_module::\n-00029b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029b50: 2020 4c6f 6164 2078 656e 206d 6f64 756c Load xen modul\n-00029b60: 6573 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 es for xen hyper\n-00029b70: 7669 736f 7220 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 visor (only on A\n-00029b80: 4172 6368 3634 290a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a Arch64)....File:\n-00029b90: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00029ba0: 653a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 e: chainloader, \n-00029bb0: 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 Next: initrd, \n-00029bc0: 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 Up: Loader comma\n-00029bd0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3120 6368 6169 nds..17.2.1 chai\n-00029be0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nloader.--------\n-00029bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00029c00: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f Command: chainlo\n-00029c10: 6164 6572 205b 2d2d 666f 7263 655d 2066 ader [--force] f\n-00029c20: 696c 6520 5b61 7267 732e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 ile [args...]. \n-00029c30: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 Load FILE as \n-00029c40: 6120 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 a chain-loader. \n-00029c50: 204c 696b 6520 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 Like any other \n-00029c60: 6669 6c65 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2074 file loaded by t\n-00029c70: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 he. filesyst\n-00029c80: 656d 2063 6f64 652c 2069 7420 6361 6e20 em code, it can \n-00029c90: 7573 6520 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 use the blocklis\n-00029ca0: 7420 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 t notation (*not\n-00029cb0: 6520 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 206c 6973 e Block. lis\n-00029cc0: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 t syntax::) to g\n-00029cd0: 7261 6220 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 rab the first se\n-00029ce0: 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7272 ctor of the curr\n-00029cf0: 656e 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 ent partition. \n-00029d00: 2020 2077 6974 6820 e280 982b 31e2 8099 with ...+1...\n-00029d10: 2e20 204f 6e20 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f . On EFI platfo\n-00029d20: 726d 732c 2061 6e79 2061 7267 756d 656e rms, any argumen\n-00029d30: 7473 2061 6674 6572 2046 494c 4520 7769 ts after FILE wi\n-00029d40: 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 ll be sent. \n-00029d50: 746f 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696d to the loaded im\n-00029d60: 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f age... If yo\n-00029d70: 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 6f70 u specify the op\n-00029d80: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 666f 7263 65e2 tion ...--force.\n-00029d90: 8099 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 4649 .., then load FI\n-00029da0: 4c45 2066 6f72 6369 626c 792c 0a20 2020 LE forcibly,. \n-00029db0: 2020 7768 6574 6865 7220 6974 2068 6173 whether it has\n-00029dc0: 2061 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2073 6967 6e61 a correct signa\n-00029dd0: 7475 7265 206f 7220 6e6f 742e 2020 5468 ture or not. Th\n-00029de0: 6973 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2077 is is required w\n-00029df0: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 2077 616e hen. you wan\n-00029e00: 7420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 6665 t to load a defe\n-00029e10: 6374 6976 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 ctive boot loade\n-00029e20: 722c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2053 434f 2055 r, such as SCO U\n-00029e30: 6e69 7857 6172 6520 372e 312e 0a0a 1f0a nixWare 7.1.....\n-00029e40: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00029e50: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 Node: initrd, \n-00029e60: 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c Next: initrd16,\n-00029e70: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 Prev: chainloa\n-00029e80: 6465 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 der, Up: Loader\n-00029e90: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e commands..17.2.\n-00029ea0: 3220 696e 6974 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2 initrd.-------\n-00029eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00029ec0: 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6669 6c65 and: initrd file\n-00029ed0: 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 [file ...]. \n-00029ee0: 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c Load, in order,\n-00029ef0: 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2066 6f72 all initrds for\n-00029f00: 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 a Linux kernel \n-00029f10: 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 image, and set t\n-00029f20: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f70 7269 he. appropri\n-00029f30: 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 ate parameters i\n-00029f40: 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 7365 7475 n the Linux setu\n-00029f50: 7020 6172 6561 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f 7279 p area in memory\n-00029f60: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 790a 2020 2020 . This may. \n-00029f70: 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 only be used af\n-00029f80: 7465 7220 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 ter the ...linux\n-00029f90: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ... command (*no\n-00029fa0: 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2920 6861 7320 te linux::) has \n-00029fb0: 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7275 6e2e 2020 been. run. \n-00029fc0: 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e 552f 4c69 See *note GNU/Li\n-00029fd0: 6e75 783a 3a20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 nux:: for more i\n-00029fe0: 6e66 6f20 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 nfo on booting G\n-00029ff0: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 NU/Linux.. F\n-0002a000: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more informat\n-0002a010: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2073 ion on initrds s\n-0002a020: 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 ee the GNU/Linux\n-0002a030: 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 kernel. doc\n-0002a040: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 umentation. \n-0002a050: 2868 7474 7073 3a2f 2f64 6f63 732e 6b65 (https://docs.ke\n-0002a060: 726e 656c 2e6f 7267 2f66 696c 6573 7973 rnel.org/filesys\n-0002a070: 7465 6d73 2f72 616d 6673 2d72 6f6f 7466 tems/ramfs-rootf\n-0002a080: 732d 696e 6974 7261 6d66 732e 6874 6d6c s-initramfs.html\n-0002a090: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 206e 6577 2d73 )... A new-s\n-0002a0a0: 7479 6c65 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2866 6f72 tyle initrd (for\n-0002a0b0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206e 6577 6572 2074 kernels newer t\n-0002a0c0: 6861 6e20 322e 3629 2063 6f6e 7461 696e han 2.6) contain\n-0002a0d0: 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 ing one file. \n-0002a0e0: 2020 7769 7468 206c 6561 6469 6e67 2070 with leading p\n-0002a0f0: 6174 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2063 ath components c\n-0002a100: 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 2067 656e 6572 an also be gener\n-0002a110: 6174 6564 2061 7420 7275 6e20 7469 6d65 ated at run time\n-0002a120: 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6361 6e20 .. This can \n-0002a130: 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 2070 7265 6669 be done by prefi\n-0002a140: 7869 6e67 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 xing an argument\n-0002a150: 2077 6974 6820 e280 986e 6577 633a e280 with ...newc:..\n-0002a160: 9920 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 790a 2020 . followed by. \n-0002a170: 2020 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f66 2074 the path of t\n-0002a180: 6865 2066 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206e he file in the n\n-0002a190: 6577 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2061 20e2 8098 ew initrd, a ...\n-0002a1a0: 3ae2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7468 656e 2074 :..., and then t\n-0002a1b0: 6865 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2066 696c he GRUB. fil\n-0002a1c0: 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 e path to the fi\n-0002a1d0: 6c65 2064 6174 6120 746f 2062 6520 6265 le data to be be\n-0002a1e0: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 included... \n-0002a1f0: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 For example:. \n-0002a200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 206e initrd n\n-0002a210: 6577 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f63 6f6e ewc:/etc/ssh/con\n-0002a220: 6669 673a 2868 6430 2c32 292f 686f 6d65 fig:(hd0,2)/home\n-0002a230: 2f75 7365 722f 2e73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 /user/.ssh/confi\n-0002a240: 6720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g \\. \n-0002a250: 2020 2020 206e 6577 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 newc:/etc/s\n-0002a260: 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f sh/ssh_host_rsa_\n-0002a270: 6b65 793a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 key:/etc/ssh/ssh\n-0002a280: 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 7920 5c0a _host_rsa_key \\.\n-0002a290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002a2a0: 202f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a /boot/initrd.gz\n-0002a2b0: 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n-0002a2c0: 2020 2020 6e65 7763 3a2f 696e 6974 3a2f newc:/init:/\n-0002a2d0: 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 696e 6974 2e66 home/user/init.f\n-0002a2e0: 6978 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ixed.. This \n-0002a2f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2067 656e command will gen\n-0002a300: 6572 6174 6520 7477 6f20 6e65 772d 7374 erate two new-st\n-0002a310: 796c 6520 696e 6974 7264 7320 6f6e 2074 yle initrds on t\n-0002a320: 6865 2066 6c79 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 he fly. The. \n-0002a330: 2020 6669 7273 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 first contains\n-0002a340: 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f 6574 the path .../et\n-0002a350: 632f 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 c/ssh/config... \n-0002a360: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 with the content\n-0002a370: 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 6864 s of. ...(hd\n-0002a380: 302c 3229 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f2e 0,2)/home/user/.\n-0002a390: 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 616e ssh/config... an\n-0002a3a0: 6420 7468 6520 7061 7468 0a20 2020 2020 d the path. \n-0002a3b0: e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f .../etc/ssh/ssh_\n-0002a3c0: 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 host_rsa_key... \n-0002a3d0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 with the content\n-0002a3e0: 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 6574 s of. .../et\n-0002a3f0: 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 c/ssh/ssh_host_r\n-0002a400: 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 6f6e 2074 6865 sa_key... on the\n-0002a410: 2052 4f4f 5420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2050 ROOT device. P\n-0002a420: 6172 656e 7420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a arent directory.\n-0002a430: 2020 2020 2070 6174 6873 2077 696c 6c20 paths will \n-0002a440: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6265 automatically be\n-0002a450: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 6e65 generated as ne\n-0002a460: 6564 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6669 7273 eded. This firs\n-0002a470: 740a 2020 2020 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 t. generated\n-0002a480: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 7769 6c6c 2074 6865 initrd will the\n-0002a490: 6e20 6861 7665 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f n have .../boot/\n-0002a4a0: 696e 6974 7264 2e67 7ae2 8099 2063 6f6e initrd.gz... con\n-0002a4b0: 6361 7465 6e61 7465 640a 2020 2020 2061 catenated. a\n-0002a4c0: 6674 6572 2069 742e 2020 4e65 7874 2c20 fter it. Next, \n-0002a4d0: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 772d 7374 796c another new-styl\n-0002a4e0: 6520 6172 6368 6976 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 e archive will b\n-0002a4f0: 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7769 7468 e generated with\n-0002a500: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e . the conten\n-0002a510: 7473 206f 6620 e280 982f 686f 6d65 2f75 ts of .../home/u\n-0002a520: 7365 722f 696e 6974 2e66 6978 6564 e280 ser/init.fixed..\n-0002a530: 9920 696e 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 e280 . in the path ..\n-0002a540: 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 616e 640a 2020 ./init... and. \n-0002a550: 2020 2061 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f 2074 appended to t\n-0002a560: 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 636f 6e63 he previous conc\n-0002a570: 6174 656e 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4669 6e61 atenation. Fina\n-0002a580: 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 lly, the result \n-0002a590: 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2073 656e will. be sen\n-0002a5a0: 7420 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 t to the kernel \n-0002a5b0: 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 when booted... \n-0002a5c0: 2020 204b 6565 7020 696e 206d 696e 6420 Keep in mind \n-0002a5d0: 7468 6174 2070 6174 6873 2074 6861 7420 that paths that \n-0002a5e0: 636f 6d65 206c 6174 6572 2077 696c 6c20 come later will \n-0002a5f0: 7461 6b65 2070 7265 6365 6465 6e63 652e take precedence.\n-0002a600: 2020 536f 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 So. in the\n-0002a610: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2061 626f 7665 2c20 example above, \n-0002a620: 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7061 the generated pa\n-0002a630: 7468 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2077 th .../init... w\n-0002a640: 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 7772 6974 6520 616e ill overwrite an\n-0002a650: 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 y. .../init.\n-0002a660: 8099 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f69 .. in .../boot/i\n-0002a670: 6e69 7472 642e 677a e280 992e 2020 5468 nitrd.gz.... Th\n-0002a680: 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c is can be useful\n-0002a690: 2077 6865 6e20 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2074 when changing t\n-0002a6a0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 696e 2069 6e69 he. main ini\n-0002a6b0: 7472 6420 6973 2075 6e64 6573 6972 6162 trd is undesirab\n-0002a6c0: 6c65 206f 7220 6469 6666 6963 756c 742e le or difficult.\n-0002a6d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002a6e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 nfo, Node: init\n-0002a6f0: 7264 3136 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 696e rd16, Next: lin\n-0002a700: 7578 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e69 7472 ux, Prev: initr\n-0002a710: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 d, Up: Loader c\n-0002a720: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3320 ommands..17.2.3 \n-0002a730: 696e 6974 7264 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d initrd16.-------\n-0002a740: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002a750: 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 3620 mmand: initrd16 \n-0002a760: 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a file [file ...].\n-0002a770: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 Load, in or\n-0002a780: 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 der, all initrds\n-0002a790: 2066 6f72 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 for a Linux ker\n-0002a7a0: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 nel image to be \n-0002a7b0: 626f 6f74 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2031 booted. in 1\n-0002a7c0: 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 6-bit mode, and \n-0002a7d0: 7365 7420 7468 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 set the appropri\n-0002a7e0: 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 ate parameters i\n-0002a7f0: 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 n the Linux. \n-0002a800: 2073 6574 7570 2061 7265 6120 696e 206d setup area in m\n-0002a810: 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 emory. This may\n-0002a820: 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 only be used af\n-0002a830: 7465 7220 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 ter the ...linux\n-0002a840: 3136 e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 16.... comma\n-0002a850: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 nd (*note linux1\n-0002a860: 363a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6::) has been ru\n-0002a870: 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f n. See also *no\n-0002a880: 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a20 te GNU/Linux::. \n-0002a890: 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 e280 9869 and the ...i\n-0002a8a0: 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nitrd... command\n-0002a8b0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a (*note initrd::\n-0002a8c0: 2920 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 ) for more detai\n-0002a8d0: 6c73 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d ls on. argum\n-0002a8e0: 656e 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 ents... This\n-0002a8f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 command is only\n-0002a900: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 available on th\n-0002a910: 6520 7063 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 666f e pc platform fo\n-0002a920: 7220 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a r x86 systems...\n-0002a930: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002a940: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c o, Node: linux,\n-0002a950: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c Next: linux16,\n-0002a960: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 Prev: initrd16\n-0002a970: 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f , Up: Loader co\n-0002a980: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e34 206c mmands..17.2.4 l\n-0002a990: 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d inux.-----------\n-0002a9a0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002a9b0: 6c69 6e75 7820 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 linux file .... \n-0002a9c0: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 Load a Linux\n-0002a9d0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 kernel image fr\n-0002a9e0: 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 om FILE. The re\n-0002a9f0: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 st of the line i\n-0002aa00: 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 s. passed ve\n-0002aa10: 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 rbatim as the ..\n-0002aa20: 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d .kernel command-\n-0002aa30: 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 696e line.... Any in\n-0002aa40: 6974 7264 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 itrd must be. \n-0002aa50: 2020 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 reloaded after\n-0002aa60: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d using this comm\n-0002aa70: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 and (*note initr\n-0002aa80: 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2078 d::)... On x\n-0002aa90: 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6520 86 systems, the \n-0002aaa0: 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 kernel will be b\n-0002aab0: 6f6f 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 ooted using the \n-0002aac0: 3332 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 32-bit boot. \n-0002aad0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 protocol. Note\n-0002aae0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 that this means\n-0002aaf0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 e280 9876 6761 that the ...vga\n-0002ab00: 3de2 8099 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e =... boot option\n-0002ab10: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2077 will. not w\n-0002ab20: 6f72 6b3b 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 ork; if you want\n-0002ab30: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7370 6563 6961 to set a specia\n-0002ab40: 6c20 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2c20 796f l video mode, yo\n-0002ab50: 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 0a20 u will need to. \n-0002ab60: 2020 2020 7573 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6d use GRUB com\n-0002ab70: 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 mands such as ..\n-0002ab80: 9873 6574 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643d .set gfxpayload=\n-0002ab90: 3130 3234 7837 3638 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 1024x768... or .\n-0002aba0: 8098 7365 740a 2020 2020 2067 6678 7061 ..set. gfxpa\n-0002abb0: 796c 6f61 643d 6b65 6570 e280 9920 2874 yload=keep... (t\n-0002abc0: 6f20 6b65 6570 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 o keep the same \n-0002abd0: 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 mode as used in \n-0002abe0: 4752 5542 2920 696e 7374 6561 642e 0a20 GRUB) instead.. \n-0002abf0: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2061 7574 GRUB can aut\n-0002ac00: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 omatically detec\n-0002ac10: 7420 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7320 6f66 20e2 t some uses of .\n-0002ac20: 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 616e 6420 7472 ..vga=... and tr\n-0002ac30: 616e 736c 6174 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 anslate. the\n-0002ac40: 6d20 746f 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 m to appropriate\n-0002ac50: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 settings of ...\n-0002ac60: 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 e280 992e 2020 gfxpayload.... \n-0002ac70: 5468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 The ...linux16..\n-0002ac80: 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 .. command (\n-0002ac90: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 *note linux16::)\n-0002aca0: 2061 766f 6964 7320 7468 6973 2072 6573 avoids this res\n-0002acb0: 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c triction.....Fil\n-0002acc0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002acd0: 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 204e ode: linux16, N\n-0002ace0: 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 ext: xen_hypervi\n-0002acf0: 736f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 sor, Prev: linu\n-0002ad00: 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 x, Up: Loader c\n-0002ad10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3520 ommands..17.2.5 \n-0002ad20: 6c69 6e75 7831 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d linux16.--------\n-0002ad30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002ad40: 616e 643a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2066 696c and: linux16 fil\n-0002ad50: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 e .... Load \n-0002ad60: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 a Linux kernel i\n-0002ad70: 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2069 mage from FILE i\n-0002ad80: 6e20 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 652e 2020 n 16-bit mode. \n-0002ad90: 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 The rest of. \n-0002ada0: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 the line is pas\n-0002adb0: 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 sed verbatim as \n-0002adc0: 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f the ...kernel co\n-0002add0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 mmand-line.... \n-0002ade0: 416e 790a 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 Any. initrd \n-0002adf0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 must be reloaded\n-0002ae00: 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 after using thi\n-0002ae10: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 s command (*note\n-0002ae20: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a3a . initrd16::\n-0002ae30: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206b 6572 )... The ker\n-0002ae40: 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 626f 6f74 nel will be boot\n-0002ae50: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2074 7261 ed using the tra\n-0002ae60: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2031 362d 6269 7420 ditional 16-bit \n-0002ae70: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6f63 boot. protoc\n-0002ae80: 6f6c 2e20 2041 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 ol. As well as \n-0002ae90: 6279 7061 7373 696e 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 bypassing proble\n-0002aea0: 6d73 2077 6974 6820 e280 9876 6761 3de2 ms with ...vga=.\n-0002aeb0: 8099 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e0a .. described in.\n-0002aec0: 2020 2020 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 *note linux\n-0002aed0: 3a3a 2c20 7468 6973 2070 6572 6d69 7473 ::, this permits\n-0002aee0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 booting some ot\n-0002aef0: 6865 7220 7072 6f67 7261 6d73 2074 6861 her programs tha\n-0002af00: 740a 2020 2020 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 t. implement\n-0002af10: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 2062 6f6f 7420 the Linux boot \n-0002af20: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2066 6f72 2074 6865 protocol for the\n-0002af30: 2073 616b 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 sake of conveni\n-0002af40: 656e 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 ence... This\n-0002af50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 command is only\n-0002af60: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 available on x8\n-0002af70: 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6 systems.....Fi\n-0002af80: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002af90: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 Node: xen_hyperv\n-0002afa0: 6973 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e isor, Next: xen\n-0002afb0: 5f6d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _module, Prev: \n-0002afc0: 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f linux16, Up: Lo\n-0002afd0: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ader commands..1\n-0002afe0: 372e 322e 3620 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 7.2.6 xen_hyperv\n-0002aff0: 6973 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d isor.-----------\n-0002b000: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002b010: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 Command: xen_hyp\n-0002b020: 6572 7669 736f 7220 6669 6c65 205b 6172 ervisor file [ar\n-0002b030: 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 guments] .... \n-0002b040: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2058 656e 2068 7970 Load a Xen hyp\n-0002b050: 6572 7669 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2066 ervisor binary f\n-0002b060: 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 rom FILE. The r\n-0002b070: 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 est of the line \n-0002b080: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 is. passed v\n-0002b090: 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 erbatim as the .\n-0002b0a0: 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ..kernel command\n-0002b0b0: 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206f -line.... Any o\n-0002b0c0: 7468 6572 2062 696e 6172 6965 730a 2020 ther binaries. \n-0002b0d0: 2020 206d 7573 7420 6265 2072 656c 6f61 must be reloa\n-0002b0e0: 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 ded after using \n-0002b0f0: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2054 this command. T\n-0002b100: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f his command is o\n-0002b110: 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 nly. availab\n-0002b120: 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 7379 le on AArch64 sy\n-0002b130: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 stems.....File: \n-0002b140: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002b150: 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 : xen_module, P\n-0002b160: 7265 763a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 rev: xen_hypervi\n-0002b170: 736f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 sor, Up: Loader\n-0002b180: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e commands..17.2.\n-0002b190: 3720 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 7 xen_module.---\n-0002b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0002b1b0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e -- Command: xen\n-0002b1c0: 5f6d 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a _module [--nounz\n-0002b1d0: 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 ip] file [argume\n-0002b1e0: 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 nts]. Load a\n-0002b1f0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 7865 6e20 module for xen \n-0002b200: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2061 7420 7468 hypervisor at th\n-0002b210: 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7072 6f63 6573 e booting proces\n-0002b220: 7320 6f66 2078 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 s of xen.. T\n-0002b230: 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c he rest of the l\n-0002b240: 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 ine is passed ve\n-0002b250: 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f rbatim as the mo\n-0002b260: 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e dule command lin\n-0002b270: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 e.. Modules \n-0002b280: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 should be loaded\n-0002b290: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e in the followin\n-0002b2a0: 6720 6f72 6465 723a 202d 2064 6f6d 3020 g order: - dom0 \n-0002b2b0: 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 kernel. imag\n-0002b2c0: 6520 2d20 646f 6d30 2072 616d 6469 736b e - dom0 ramdisk\n-0002b2d0: 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e 7420 2d20 5853 if present - XS\n-0002b2e0: 4d20 706f 6c69 6379 2069 6620 7072 6573 M policy if pres\n-0002b2f0: 656e 7420 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f ent This. co\n-0002b300: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 mmand is only av\n-0002b310: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 ailable on AArch\n-0002b320: 3634 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 64 systems.....F\n-0002b330: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002b340: 204e 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 Node: General c\n-0002b350: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ommands, Next: \n-0002b360: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002b370: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f mands, Prev: Lo\n-0002b380: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 ader commands, \n-0002b390: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 Up: Commands..17\n-0002b3a0: 2e33 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 .3 General comma\n-0002b3b0: 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nds.============\n-0002b3c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 6f6d 6d61 =========..Comma\n-0002b3d0: 6e64 7320 7573 6162 6c65 2061 6e79 7768 nds usable anywh\n-0002b3e0: 6572 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 ere in the menu \n-0002b3f0: 616e 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 and in the comma\n-0002b400: 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 nd-line...* Menu\n-0002b410: 3a0a 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 3a20 2020 :..* serial:: \n-0002b420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002b430: 2020 2053 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 Set up a seri\n-0002b440: 616c 2064 6576 6963 650a 2a20 7465 726d al device.* term\n-0002b450: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 inal_input:: \n-0002b460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 Manage\n-0002b470: 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 input terminals\n-0002b480: 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 .* terminal_outp\n-0002b490: 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ut:: \n-0002b4a0: 204d 616e 6167 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 Manage output t\n-0002b4b0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 erminals.* termi\n-0002b4c0: 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nfo:: \n-0002b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 Define \n-0002b4e0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 650a 0a1f terminal type...\n-0002b4f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002b500: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6572 6961 6c2c , Node: serial,\n-0002b510: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c Next: terminal\n-0002b520: 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e _input, Up: Gen\n-0002b530: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 eral commands..1\n-0002b540: 372e 332e 3120 7365 7269 616c 0a2d 2d2d 7.3.1 serial.---\n-0002b550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002b560: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6572 6961 6c20 Command: serial \n-0002b570: 5b2d 2d75 6e69 743d 756e 6974 5d20 5b2d [--unit=unit] [-\n-0002b580: 2d70 6f72 743d 706f 7274 5d20 5b2d 2d73 -port=port] [--s\n-0002b590: 7065 6564 3d73 7065 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 peed=speed]. \n-0002b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d77 6f72 643d 776f [--word=wo\n-0002b5b0: 7264 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6172 6974 793d 7061 rd] [--parity=pa\n-0002b5c0: 7269 7479 5d20 5b2d 2d73 746f 703d 7374 rity] [--stop=st\n-0002b5d0: 6f70 5d0a 2020 2020 2049 6e69 7469 616c op]. Initial\n-0002b5e0: 697a 6520 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 ize a serial dev\n-0002b5f0: 6963 652e 2020 554e 4954 2069 7320 6120 ice. UNIT is a \n-0002b600: 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 number in the ra\n-0002b610: 6e67 6520 302d 330a 2020 2020 2073 7065 nge 0-3. spe\n-0002b620: 6369 6679 696e 6720 7768 6963 6820 7365 cifying which se\n-0002b630: 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 746f 2075 7365 rial port to use\n-0002b640: 3b20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2030 2c20 ; default is 0, \n-0002b650: 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 which. corre\n-0002b660: 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7468 6520 706f sponds to the po\n-0002b670: 7274 206f 6674 656e 2063 616c 6c65 6420 rt often called \n-0002b680: 434f 4d31 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 504f 5254 COM1... PORT\n-0002b690: 2069 7320 7468 6520 492f 4f20 706f 7274 is the I/O port\n-0002b6a0: 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2055 4152 5420 where the UART \n-0002b6b0: 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 206f is to be found o\n-0002b6c0: 722c 2069 6620 7072 6566 6978 6564 0a20 r, if prefixed. \n-0002b6d0: 2020 2020 7769 7468 20e2 8098 6d6d 696f with ...mmio\n-0002b6e0: 2ce2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4d4d 494f 2061 ,..., the MMIO a\n-0002b6f0: 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 5541 ddress of the UA\n-0002b700: 5254 2e20 4966 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 RT. If specified\n-0002b710: 2069 7420 7461 6b65 730a 2020 2020 2070 it takes. p\n-0002b720: 7265 6365 6465 6e63 6520 6f76 6572 2055 recedence over U\n-0002b730: 4e49 542e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 6974 NIT... Addit\n-0002b740: 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2061 6e20 4d4d 494f ionally, an MMIO\n-0002b750: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 616e 2062 6520 address can be \n-0002b760: 7375 6666 6978 6564 2077 6974 683a 0a20 suffixed with:. \n-0002b770: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e62 ... ....b\n-0002b780: e280 9920 666f 7220 6279 7465 7320 6163 ... for bytes ac\n-0002b790: 6365 7373 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 0a20 cess (default). \n-0002b7a0: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e77 ... ....w\n-0002b7b0: e280 9920 666f 7220 3136 2d62 6974 2077 ... for 16-bit w\n-0002b7c0: 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 ord access. \n-0002b7d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e6c e280 9920 ... ....l... \n-0002b7e0: 666f 7220 3332 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 for 32-bit long \n-0002b7f0: 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 7320 6f72 0a20 word access or. \n-0002b800: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e71 ... ....q\n-0002b810: e280 9920 666f 7220 3634 2d62 6974 206c ... for 64-bit l\n-0002b820: 6f6e 6720 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 6163 ong long word ac\n-0002b830: 6365 7373 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c cess.. Also,\n-0002b840: 2050 4f52 5420 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6620 PORT can be of \n-0002b850: 7468 6520 666f 726d 20e2 8098 7063 692c the form ...pci,\n-0002b860: 5858 3a58 582e 58e2 8099 2074 6f20 696e XX:XX.X... to in\n-0002b870: 6469 6361 7465 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c0a dicate a serial.\n-0002b880: 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 6578 706f device expo\n-0002b890: 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2050 4349 2062 sed on the PCI b\n-0002b8a0: 7573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5350 4545 4420 us... SPEED \n-0002b8b0: 6973 2074 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6d69 7373 is the transmiss\n-0002b8c0: 696f 6e20 7370 6565 643b 2064 6566 6175 ion speed; defau\n-0002b8d0: 6c74 2069 7320 3936 3030 2e20 2057 4f52 lt is 9600. WOR\n-0002b8e0: 4420 616e 6420 5354 4f50 0a20 2020 2020 D and STOP. \n-0002b8f0: 6172 6520 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f are the number o\n-0002b900: 6620 6461 7461 2062 6974 7320 616e 6420 f data bits and \n-0002b910: 7374 6f70 2062 6974 732e 2020 4461 7461 stop bits. Data\n-0002b920: 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 696e bits must be in\n-0002b930: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 . the range \n-0002b940: 352d 3820 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 5-8 and stop bit\n-0002b950: 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 3120 6f72 2032 s must be 1 or 2\n-0002b960: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3820 . Default is 8 \n-0002b970: 6461 7461 2062 6974 730a 2020 2020 2061 data bits. a\n-0002b980: 6e64 206f 6e65 2073 746f 7020 6269 742e nd one stop bit.\n-0002b990: 2020 5041 5249 5459 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 PARITY is one \n-0002b9a0: 6f66 20e2 8098 6e6f e280 992c 20e2 8098 of ...no..., ...\n-0002b9b0: 6f64 64e2 8099 2c20 e280 9865 7665 6ee2 odd..., ...even.\n-0002b9c0: 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 .. and. defa\n-0002b9d0: 756c 7473 2074 6f20 e280 986e 6fe2 8099 ults to ...no...\n-0002b9e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 ... The seri\n-0002b9f0: 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2075 al port is not u\n-0002ba00: 7365 6420 6173 2061 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 sed as a communi\n-0002ba10: 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 6e6e 656c 2075 cation channel u\n-0002ba20: 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 nless the. .\n-0002ba30: 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 ..terminal_input\n-0002ba40: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e ... or ...termin\n-0002ba50: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d al_output... com\n-0002ba60: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7573 6564 2028 2a6e mand is used (*n\n-0002ba70: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ote. termina\n-0002ba80: 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 l_input::, *note\n-0002ba90: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n-0002baa0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 652c ::)... Note,\n-0002bab0: 2076 616c 6964 2050 4f52 5420 7661 6c75 valid PORT valu\n-0002bac0: 6573 2c20 6578 636c 7564 696e 6720 494f es, excluding IO\n-0002bad0: 2070 6f72 7420 6164 6472 6573 7365 732c port addresses,\n-0002bae0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 666f 756e 640a 2020 can be found. \n-0002baf0: 2020 2062 7920 6c69 7374 696e 6720 7465 by listing te\n-0002bb00: 726d 696e 616c 7320 7769 7468 20e2 8098 rminals with ...\n-0002bb10: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 terminal_output.\n-0002bb20: 8099 2c20 7365 6c65 6374 696e 6720 616c .., selecting al\n-0002bb30: 6c20 6e61 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2070 7265 l names. pre\n-0002bb40: 6669 7865 6420 6279 20e2 8098 7365 7269 fixed by ...seri\n-0002bb50: 616c 5fe2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 656d 6f76 al_... and remov\n-0002bb60: 696e 6720 7468 6174 2070 7265 6669 782e ing that prefix.\n-0002bb70: 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 733a .. Examples:\n-0002bb80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 . seria\n-0002bb90: 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d30 7833 6638 202d l --port=0x3f8 -\n-0002bba0: 2d73 7065 6564 3d39 3630 300a 2020 2020 -speed=9600. \n-0002bbb0: 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d70 serial --p\n-0002bbc0: 6f72 743d 6d6d 696f 2c66 6566 6230 3030 ort=mmio,fefb000\n-0002bbd0: 302e 6c20 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3131 3532 0.l --speed=1152\n-0002bbe0: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 00. ser\n-0002bbf0: 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d70 6369 2c30 ial --port=pci,0\n-0002bc00: 303a 3136 2e33 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d31 0:16.3 --speed=1\n-0002bc10: 3135 3230 300a 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6520 15200.. See \n-0002bc20: 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2053 6572 6961 also *note Seria\n-0002bc30: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f l terminal::....\n-0002bc40: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002bc50: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 , Node: termina\n-0002bc60: 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 l_input, Next: \n-0002bc70: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742c terminal_output,\n-0002bc80: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 7269 616c 2c20 Prev: serial, \n-0002bc90: 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d Up: General com\n-0002bca0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3220 7465 mands..17.3.2 te\n-0002bcb0: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 0a2d 2d2d rminal_input.---\n-0002bcc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002bcd0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002bce0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 terminal_input \n-0002bcf0: 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 6d6f [--append|--remo\n-0002bd00: 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 5d20 ve] [terminal1] \n-0002bd10: 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 2020 [terminal2]. \n-0002bd20: 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c .... L\n-0002bd30: 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e ist or select an\n-0002bd40: 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e input terminal.\n-0002bd50: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 .. With no a\n-0002bd60: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 rguments, list t\n-0002bd70: 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 616e 6420 6176 he active and av\n-0002bd80: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 7075 7420 7465 ailable input te\n-0002bd90: 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 rminals... W\n-0002bda0: 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d61 7070 656e 64e2 ith ...--append.\n-0002bdb0: 8099 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 .., add the name\n-0002bdc0: 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 746f 2074 d terminals to t\n-0002bdd0: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6374 6976 he list of activ\n-0002bde0: 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 e. input ter\n-0002bdf0: 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616e 7920 6f66 2074 minals; any of t\n-0002be00: 6865 7365 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 hese may be used\n-0002be10: 2074 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 696e 7075 to provide inpu\n-0002be20: 7420 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 t to GRUB... \n-0002be30: 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 With ...--remov\n-0002be40: 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 e..., remove the\n-0002be50: 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 named terminals\n-0002be60: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 from the active\n-0002be70: 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 list... Wit\n-0002be80: 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2062 7574 h no options but\n-0002be90: 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6572 6d69 a list of termi\n-0002bea0: 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c 206d 616b 6520 nal names, make \n-0002beb0: 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 206c 6973 7465 640a only the listed.\n-0002bec0: 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 terminal na\n-0002bed0: 6d65 7320 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 mes active.....F\n-0002bee0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002bef0: 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f Node: terminal_\n-0002bf00: 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 output, Next: t\n-0002bf10: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 erminfo, Prev: \n-0002bf20: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 terminal_input, \n-0002bf30: 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d Up: General com\n-0002bf40: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3320 7465 mands..17.3.3 te\n-0002bf50: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 740a 2d2d rminal_output.--\n-0002bf60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002bf70: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002bf80: 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 d: terminal_outp\n-0002bf90: 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 7c2d 2d72 ut [--append|--r\n-0002bfa0: 656d 6f76 655d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c emove] [terminal\n-0002bfb0: 315d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 325d 0a20 1] [terminal2]. \n-0002bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 .... \n-0002bfd0: 2020 4c69 7374 206f 7220 7365 6c65 6374 List or select\n-0002bfe0: 2061 6e20 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 an output termi\n-0002bff0: 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 nal... With \n-0002c000: 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 no arguments, li\n-0002c010: 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 616e st the active an\n-0002c020: 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f75 7470 d available outp\n-0002c030: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2e0a 0a20 ut terminals... \n-0002c040: 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 6170 With ...--ap\n-0002c050: 7065 6e64 e280 992c 2061 6464 2074 6865 pend..., add the\n-0002c060: 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 named terminals\n-0002c070: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 to the list of \n-0002c080: 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 7470 active. outp\n-0002c090: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616c ut terminals; al\n-0002c0a0: 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2077 696c 6c20 l of these will \n-0002c0b0: 7265 6365 6976 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2066 receive output f\n-0002c0c0: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 rom GRUB... \n-0002c0d0: 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 With ...--remove\n-0002c0e0: e280 992c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 ..., remove the \n-0002c0f0: 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 named terminals \n-0002c100: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 from the active \n-0002c110: 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 list... With\n-0002c120: 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 no options but \n-0002c130: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d 696e a list of termin\n-0002c140: 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f al names, make o\n-0002c150: 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 nly the listed. \n-0002c160: 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d terminal nam\n-0002c170: 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 es active.....Fi\n-0002c180: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002c190: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 2c20 Node: terminfo, \n-0002c1a0: 2050 7265 763a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f Prev: terminal_\n-0002c1b0: 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e output, Up: Gen\n-0002c1c0: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 eral commands..1\n-0002c1d0: 372e 332e 3420 7465 726d 696e 666f 0a2d 7.3.4 terminfo.-\n-0002c1e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0002c1f0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 -- Command: ter\n-0002c200: 6d69 6e66 6f20 5b2d 617c 2d75 7c2d 765d minfo [-a|-u|-v]\n-0002c210: 205b 2d67 2057 7848 5d20 5b74 6572 6d5d [-g WxH] [term]\n-0002c220: 205b 7479 7065 5d0a 2020 2020 2044 6566 [type]. Def\n-0002c230: 696e 6520 7468 6520 6361 7061 6269 6c69 ine the capabili\n-0002c240: 7469 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 ties of your ter\n-0002c250: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6279 2067 6976 696e 6720 minal by giving \n-0002c260: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 616e 0a20 the name of an. \n-0002c270: 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 entry in the\n-0002c280: 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 6461 7461 6261 terminfo databa\n-0002c290: 7365 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7368 6f75 6c64 se, which should\n-0002c2a0: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 726f 7567 correspond roug\n-0002c2b0: 686c 7920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6120 e280 hly to. a ..\n-0002c2c0: 9854 4552 4de2 8099 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e .TERM... environ\n-0002c2d0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 696e ment variable in\n-0002c2e0: 2055 6e69 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 Unix... The\n-0002c2f0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7661 696c currently avail\n-0002c300: 6162 6c65 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 able terminal ty\n-0002c310: 7065 7320 6172 6520 e280 9876 7431 3030 pes are ...vt100\n-0002c320: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7674 3130 302d 636f ..., ...vt100-co\n-0002c330: 6c6f 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 lor...,. ...\n-0002c340: 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 992c 2061 6e64 ieee1275..., and\n-0002c350: 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 e280 992e 2020 4966 ...dumb.... If\n-0002c360: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 6f74 6865 7220 you need other \n-0002c370: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 6573 2c20 terminal types, \n-0002c380: 706c 6561 7365 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 please. cont\n-0002c390: 6163 7420 7573 2074 6f20 6469 7363 7573 act us to discus\n-0002c3a0: 7320 7468 6520 6265 7374 2077 6179 2074 s the best way t\n-0002c3b0: 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 7375 7070 6f72 o include suppor\n-0002c3c0: 7420 666f 7220 7468 6573 6520 696e 0a20 t for these in. \n-0002c3d0: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 GRUB... \n-0002c3e0: 5468 6520 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2028 e280 The ...-a... (..\n-0002c3f0: 982d 2d61 7363 6969 e280 9929 2c20 e280 .--ascii...), ..\n-0002c400: 982d 75e2 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d75 7466 .-u... (...--utf\n-0002c410: 38e2 8099 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d76 8...), and ...-v\n-0002c420: e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 7669 7375 616c ... (...--visual\n-0002c430: 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 290a 2020 2020 206f -utf8...). o\n-0002c440: 7074 696f 6e73 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2068 ptions control h\n-0002c450: 6f77 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 2074 6578 ow non-ASCII tex\n-0002c460: 7420 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e20 t is displayed. \n-0002c470: 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 ...-a... specif\n-0002c480: 6965 7320 616e 0a20 2020 2020 4153 4349 ies an. ASCI\n-0002c490: 492d 6f6e 6c79 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3b I-only terminal;\n-0002c4a0: 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 ...-u... specif\n-0002c4b0: 6965 7320 6c6f 6769 6361 6c6c 792d 6f72 ies logically-or\n-0002c4c0: 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d 383b 2061 6e64 dered UTF-8; and\n-0002c4d0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 76e2 8099 2073 . ...-v... s\n-0002c4e0: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2022 7669 7375 616c pecifies \"visual\n-0002c4f0: 6c79 2d6f 7264 6572 6564 2055 5446 2d38 ly-ordered UTF-8\n-0002c500: 2220 2869 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 776f 7264 \" (in other word\n-0002c510: 732c 2061 7272 616e 6765 640a 2020 2020 s, arranged. \n-0002c520: 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 2061 2074 6572 such that a ter\n-0002c530: 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2077 minal emulator w\n-0002c540: 6974 686f 7574 2062 6964 6972 6563 7469 ithout bidirecti\n-0002c550: 6f6e 616c 2074 6578 7420 7375 7070 6f72 onal text suppor\n-0002c560: 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 t. will disp\n-0002c570: 6c61 7920 7269 6768 742d 746f 2d6c 6566 lay right-to-lef\n-0002c580: 7420 7465 7874 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7072 t text in the pr\n-0002c590: 6f70 6572 206f 7264 6572 3b20 7468 6973 oper order; this\n-0002c5a0: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2072 6561 is not. rea\n-0002c5b0: 6c6c 7920 7072 6f70 6572 2055 5446 2d38 lly proper UTF-8\n-0002c5c0: 2c20 6275 7420 6120 776f 726b 6172 6f75 , but a workarou\n-0002c5d0: 6e64 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 nd)... The .\n-0002c5e0: 8098 2d67 e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 6765 ..-g... (...--ge\n-0002c5f0: 6f6d 6574 7279 e280 9929 2063 616e 2062 ometry...) can b\n-0002c600: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 e used to specif\n-0002c610: 7920 7465 726d 696e 616c 2067 656f 6d65 y terminal geome\n-0002c620: 7472 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6e6f try... If no\n-0002c630: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 option or termi\n-0002c640: 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 2069 7320 7370 6563 nal type is spec\n-0002c650: 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 ified, the curre\n-0002c660: 6e74 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 nt terminal. \n-0002c670: 2074 7970 6520 6973 2070 7269 6e74 6564 type is printed\n-0002c680: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002c690: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d info, Node: Com\n-0002c6a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002c6b0: 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f ds, Next: Netwo\n-0002c6c0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 rking commands, \n-0002c6d0: 2050 7265 763a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 Prev: General c\n-0002c6e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ommands, Up: Co\n-0002c6f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2043 6f6d mmands..17.4 Com\n-0002c700: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002c710: 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ds.=============\n-0002c720: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-0002c730: 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 hese commands ar\n-0002c740: 6520 7573 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e usable in the \n-0002c750: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 command-line and\n-0002c760: 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 in menu entries\n-0002c770: 2e20 2049 660a 796f 7520 666f 7267 6574 . If.you forget\n-0002c780: 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 796f 7520 a command, you \n-0002c790: 6361 6e20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d can run the comm\n-0002c7a0: 616e 6420 e280 9868 656c 70e2 8099 2028 and ...help... (\n-0002c7b0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 6c70 3a3a 292e 0a0a *note help::)...\n-0002c7c0: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 205b 3a3a 2020 * Menu:..* [:: \n-0002c7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002c7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 Check f\n-0002c7f0: 696c 6520 7479 7065 7320 616e 6420 636f ile types and co\n-0002c800: 6d70 6172 6520 7661 6c75 6573 0a2a 2061 mpare values.* a\n-0002c810: 6370 693a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cpi:: \n-0002c820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n-0002c830: 6420 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 730a 2a20 d ACPI tables.* \n-0002c840: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 3a3a 2020 authenticate:: \n-0002c850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 Ch\n-0002c860: 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 7220 7573 6572 eck whether user\n-0002c870: 2069 7320 696e 2075 7365 7220 6c69 7374 is in user list\n-0002c880: 0a2a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f .* background_co\n-0002c890: 6c6f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lor:: \n-0002c8a0: 2053 6574 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 Set background \n-0002c8b0: 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 color for active\n-0002c8c0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2a20 6261 636b terminal.* back\n-0002c8d0: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 3a3a 2020 ground_image:: \n-0002c8e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2062 Load b\n-0002c8f0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 ackground image \n-0002c900: 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 for active termi\n-0002c910: 6e61 6c0a 2a20 6261 6472 616d 3a3a 2020 nal.* badram:: \n-0002c920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002c930: 2020 2020 4669 6c74 6572 206f 7574 2062 Filter out b\n-0002c940: 6164 2072 6567 696f 6e73 206f 6620 5241 ad regions of RA\n-0002c950: 4d0a 2a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 743a 3a20 M.* blocklist:: \n-0002c960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002c970: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 Print a block \n-0002c980: 6c69 7374 0a2a 2062 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 list.* boot:: \n-0002c990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002c9a0: 2020 2020 2053 7461 7274 2075 7020 796f Start up yo\n-0002c9b0: 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ur operating sys\n-0002c9c0: 7465 6d0a 2a20 6361 743a 3a20 2020 2020 tem.* cat:: \n-0002c9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002c9e0: 2020 2020 5368 6f77 2074 6865 2063 6f6e Show the con\n-0002c9f0: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2061 2066 696c 650a tents of a file.\n-0002ca00: 2a20 636c 6561 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * clear:: \n+00029270: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6573 ==========..Thes\n+00029280: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2075 e commands are u\n+00029290: 7365 6420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6e65 6365 sed to load nece\n+000292a0: 7373 6172 7920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 ssary components\n+000292b0: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2064 6573 6972 6564 to boot desired\n+000292c0: 204f 532e 0a4d 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 OS..Many of the\n+000292d0: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 loader commands\n+000292e0: 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 7566 6669 6369 are not suffici\n+000292f0: 656e 746c 7920 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 ently documented\n+00029300: 2e20 2054 6865 0a66 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 . The.following\n+00029310: 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f is a list of co\n+00029320: 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 636f 756c mmands that coul\n+00029330: 6420 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6f63 756d d use more docum\n+00029340: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 entation:.. ..\n+00029350: a220 e280 9861 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 . ...appleloader\n+00029360: e280 9920 2d20 426f 6f74 2042 494f 532d ... - Boot BIOS-\n+00029370: 6261 7365 6420 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 based system.. \n+00029380: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 ... ...freedos.\n+00029390: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 444f .. - Load FreeDO\n+000293a0: 5320 6b65 726e 656c 2e73 7973 2e0a 2020 S kernel.sys.. \n+000293b0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 ... ...kfreebsd\n+000293c0: 5f6c 6f61 6465 6e76 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f _loadenv... - Lo\n+000293d0: 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 2065 6e76 2e0a ad FreeBSD env..\n+000293e0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 ... ...kfreeb\n+000293f0: 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 sd_module_elf...\n+00029400: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 4253 4420 - Load FreeBSD \n+00029410: 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2845 kernel module (E\n+00029420: 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b LF).. ... ...k\n+00029430: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 freebsd_module..\n+00029440: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 . - Load FreeBSD\n+00029450: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a kernel module..\n+00029460: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 ... ...kfreeb\n+00029470: 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 sd... - Load ker\n+00029480: 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2e0a nel of FreeBSD..\n+00029490: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 ... ...knetbs\n+000294a0: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 9920 d_module_elf... \n+000294b0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 - Load NetBSD ke\n+000294c0: 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2845 4c46 rnel module (ELF\n+000294d0: 292e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6e65 ).. ... ...kne\n+000294e0: 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 202d tbsd_module... -\n+000294f0: 204c 6f61 6420 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 Load NetBSD ker\n+00029500: 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 nel module.. .\n+00029510: 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 .. ...knetbsd...\n+00029520: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f - Load kernel o\n+00029530: 6620 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 f NetBSD.. ...\n+00029540: 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 e280 9920 ...kopenbsd... \n+00029550: 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 - Load kernel of\n+00029560: 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 OpenBSD.. ...\n+00029570: 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 5f72 616d ...kopenbsd_ram\n+00029580: 6469 736b e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b disk... - Load k\n+00029590: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e OpenBSD ramdisk.\n+000295a0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 . ... ...legac\n+000295b0: 795f 696e 6974 7264 5f6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 y_initrd_nounzip\n+000295c0: e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 ... - Simulate g\n+000295d0: 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 6d6f 6475 rub-legacy 'modu\n+000295e0: 6c65 6e6f 756e 7a69 7027 0a20 2020 2020 lenounzip'. \n+000295f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 command. ... .\n+00029600: 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f69 6e69 7472 64e2 ..legacy_initrd.\n+00029610: 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 .. - Simulate gr\n+00029620: 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2769 6e69 7472 ub-legacy 'initr\n+00029630: 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 d' command. ..\n+00029640: a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 6b65 726e . ...legacy_kern\n+00029650: 656c e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 el... - Simulate\n+00029660: 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 6b65 grub-legacy 'ke\n+00029670: 726e 656c 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 rnel' command. \n+00029680: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 32e2 ... ...module2.\n+00029690: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 .. - Load a mult\n+000296a0: 6962 6f6f 7420 3220 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a iboot 2 module..\n+000296b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 ... ...module\n+000296c0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c ... - Load a mul\n+000296d0: 7469 626f 6f74 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 tiboot module.. \n+000296e0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 756c 7469 626f ... ...multibo\n+000296f0: 6f74 32e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 ot2... - Load a \n+00029700: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 3220 6b65 726e multiboot 2 kern\n+00029710: 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d75 el.. ... ...mu\n+00029720: 6c74 6962 6f6f 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 ltiboot... - Loa\n+00029730: 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 d a multiboot ke\n+00029740: 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 rnel.. ... ...\n+00029750: 6e74 6c64 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 ntldr... - Load \n+00029760: 4e54 4c44 5220 6f72 2042 6f6f 744d 4752 NTLDR or BootMGR\n+00029770: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 706c 616e .. ... ...plan\n+00029780: 39e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 506c 616e 9... - Load Plan\n+00029790: 3920 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 9 kernel.. ...\n+000297a0: 20e2 8098 7078 6563 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 ...pxechainload\n+000297b0: 6572 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 2050 er... - Load a P\n+000297c0: 5845 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 XE image.. ...\n+000297d0: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 ...truecrypt...\n+000297e0: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 5472 7565 6372 7970 - Load Truecryp\n+000297f0: 7420 4953 4f2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 t ISO.. ... ..\n+00029800: 9878 6e75 5f6b 6572 6e65 6c36 34e2 8099 .xnu_kernel64...\n+00029810: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2058 - Load 64-bit X\n+00029820: 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 NU image.. ...\n+00029830: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 726e 656c e280 ...xnu_kernel..\n+00029840: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 . - Load XNU ima\n+00029850: 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e ge.. ... ...xn\n+00029860: 755f 6b65 7874 6469 72e2 8099 202d 204c u_kextdir... - L\n+00029870: 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f oad XNU extensio\n+00029880: 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 0a20 2020 n directory.. \n+00029890: e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6578 74e2 ... ...xnu_kext.\n+000298a0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 .. - Load XNU ex\n+000298b0: 7465 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 tension.. ... \n+000298c0: e280 9878 6e75 5f6d 6b65 7874 e280 9920 ...xnu_mkext... \n+000298d0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2065 7874 656e - Load XNU exten\n+000298e0: 7369 6f6e 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2e0a 2020 sion package.. \n+000298f0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 ... ...xnu_ramd\n+00029900: 6973 6be2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e isk... - Load XN\n+00029910: 5520 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e 2020 4974 2077 U ramdisk. It w\n+00029920: 696c 6c20 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ill be available\n+00029930: 2069 6e20 4f53 2061 730a 2020 2020 206d in OS as. m\n+00029940: 6430 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e d0.. ... ...xn\n+00029950: 755f 7265 7375 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f u_resume... - Lo\n+00029960: 6164 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 6f66 2068 ad an image of h\n+00029970: 6962 6572 6e61 7465 6420 584e 552e 0a20 ibernated XNU.. \n+00029980: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f73 706c ... ...xnu_spl\n+00029990: 6173 68e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 ash... - Load a \n+000299a0: 7370 6c61 7368 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 splash image for\n+000299b0: 2058 4e55 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a XNU...* Menu:..\n+000299c0: 2a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 * chainloader:: \n+000299d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000299e0: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 Chain-load anoth\n+000299f0: 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a er boot loader.*\n+00029a00: 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 initrd:: \n+00029a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+00029a20: 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 oad a Linux init\n+00029a30: 7264 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a20 rd.* initrd16:: \n+00029a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00029a50: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 Load a Linux \n+00029a60: 696e 6974 7264 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d initrd (16-bit m\n+00029a70: 6f64 6529 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2020 ode).* linux:: \n+00029a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00029a90: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 Load a Linu\n+00029aa0: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 x kernel.* linux\n+00029ab0: 3136 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 16:: \n+00029ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 Load a \n+00029ad0: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2028 3136 Linux kernel (16\n+00029ae0: 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a 2078 656e -bit mode).* xen\n+00029af0: 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 723a 3a20 2020 _hypervisor:: \n+00029b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n+00029b10: 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2062 xen hypervisor b\n+00029b20: 696e 6172 7920 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 inary (only on A\n+00029b30: 4172 6368 3634 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f Arch64).* xen_mo\n+00029b40: 6475 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dule:: \n+00029b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2078 656e Load xen\n+00029b60: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 6f72 2078 656e modules for xen\n+00029b70: 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 286f 6e6c hypervisor (onl\n+00029b80: 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 290a 0a1f y on AArch64)...\n+00029b90: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00029ba0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f , Node: chainlo\n+00029bb0: 6164 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 ader, Next: ini\n+00029bc0: 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 trd, Up: Loader\n+00029bd0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e commands..17.2.\n+00029be0: 3120 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 720a 2d2d 1 chainloader.--\n+00029bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00029c00: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n+00029c10: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 205b 2d2d 666f hainloader [--fo\n+00029c20: 7263 655d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 732e rce] file [args.\n+00029c30: 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4649 ..]. Load FI\n+00029c40: 4c45 2061 7320 6120 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f LE as a chain-lo\n+00029c50: 6164 6572 2e20 204c 696b 6520 616e 7920 ader. Like any \n+00029c60: 6f74 6865 7220 6669 6c65 206c 6f61 6465 other file loade\n+00029c70: 6420 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 d by the. fi\n+00029c80: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f64 652c 2069 lesystem code, i\n+00029c90: 7420 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 6520 626c t can use the bl\n+00029ca0: 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e ocklist notation\n+00029cb0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 (*note Block. \n+00029cc0: 2020 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a list syntax::\n+00029cd0: 2920 746f 2067 7261 6220 7468 6520 6669 ) to grab the fi\n+00029ce0: 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 rst sector of th\n+00029cf0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7061 7274 6974 e current partit\n+00029d00: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 e280 ion. with ..\n+00029d10: 982b 31e2 8099 2e20 204f 6e20 4546 4920 .+1.... On EFI \n+00029d20: 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c 2061 6e79 2061 platforms, any a\n+00029d30: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2061 6674 6572 2046 rguments after F\n+00029d40: 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6e74 ILE will be sent\n+00029d50: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 206c 6f61 . to the loa\n+00029d60: 6465 6420 696d 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 ded image... \n+00029d70: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 If you specify \n+00029d80: 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d the option ...--\n+00029d90: 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 206c force..., then l\n+00029da0: 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2066 6f72 6369 626c oad FILE forcibl\n+00029db0: 792c 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6574 6865 7220 y,. whether \n+00029dc0: 6974 2068 6173 2061 2063 6f72 7265 6374 it has a correct\n+00029dd0: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 206f 7220 6e6f signature or no\n+00029de0: 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7265 7175 t. This is requ\n+00029df0: 6972 6564 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2079 ired when. y\n+00029e00: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 ou want to load \n+00029e10: 6120 6465 6665 6374 6976 6520 626f 6f74 a defective boot\n+00029e20: 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2073 7563 6820 6173 loader, such as\n+00029e30: 2053 434f 2055 6e69 7857 6172 6520 372e SCO UnixWare 7.\n+00029e40: 312e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 1.....File: grub\n+00029e50: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e .info, Node: in\n+00029e60: 6974 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 itrd, Next: ini\n+00029e70: 7472 6431 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 trd16, Prev: ch\n+00029e80: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5570 3a20 ainloader, Up: \n+00029e90: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a Loader commands.\n+00029ea0: 0a31 372e 322e 3220 696e 6974 7264 0a2d .17.2.2 initrd.-\n+00029eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00029ec0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 - Command: initr\n+00029ed0: 6420 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e d file [file ...\n+00029ee0: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 ]. Load, in \n+00029ef0: 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 order, all initr\n+00029f00: 6473 2066 6f72 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b ds for a Linux k\n+00029f10: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 ernel image, and\n+00029f20: 2073 6574 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 set the. ap\n+00029f30: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 propriate parame\n+00029f40: 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 ters in the Linu\n+00029f50: 7820 7365 7475 7020 6172 6561 2069 6e20 x setup area in \n+00029f60: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 memory. This ma\n+00029f70: 790a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 y. only be u\n+00029f80: 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 e280 sed after the ..\n+00029f90: 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e .linux... comman\n+00029fa0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a d (*note linux::\n+00029fb0: 2920 6861 7320 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 ) has been. \n+00029fc0: 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 run. See *note \n+00029fd0: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 783a 3a20 666f 7220 GNU/Linux:: for \n+00029fe0: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f20 6f6e 2062 6f6f more info on boo\n+00029ff0: 7469 6e67 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2e0a ting GNU/Linux..\n+0002a000: 2020 2020 2046 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e For more in\n+0002a010: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 6e69 formation on ini\n+0002a020: 7472 6473 2073 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 trds see the GNU\n+0002a030: 2f4c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 /Linux kernel. \n+0002a040: 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e documentation\n+0002a050: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 7073 3a2f 2f64 . (https://d\n+0002a060: 6f63 732e 6b65 726e 656c 2e6f 7267 2f66 ocs.kernel.org/f\n+0002a070: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2f72 616d 6673 ilesystems/ramfs\n+0002a080: 2d72 6f6f 7466 732d 696e 6974 7261 6d66 -rootfs-initramf\n+0002a090: 732e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 s.html)... A\n+0002a0a0: 206e 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2069 6e69 7472 new-style initr\n+0002a0b0: 6420 2866 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206e d (for kernels n\n+0002a0c0: 6577 6572 2074 6861 6e20 322e 3629 2063 ewer than 2.6) c\n+0002a0d0: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 6669 ontaining one fi\n+0002a0e0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 206c 6561 le. with lea\n+0002a0f0: 6469 6e67 2070 6174 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e ding path compon\n+0002a100: 656e 7473 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 ents can also be\n+0002a110: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7420 7275 generated at ru\n+0002a120: 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 n time.. Thi\n+0002a130: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 s can be done by\n+0002a140: 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2061 6e20 6172 prefixing an ar\n+0002a150: 6775 6d65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 e280 986e gument with ...n\n+0002a160: 6577 633a e280 9920 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 ewc:... followed\n+0002a170: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2070 6174 by. the pat\n+0002a180: 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 696e h of the file in\n+0002a190: 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e69 7472 642c the new initrd,\n+0002a1a0: 2061 20e2 8098 3ae2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 a ...:..., and \n+0002a1b0: 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a 2020 then the GRUB. \n+0002a1c0: 2020 2066 696c 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 file path to \n+0002a1d0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2064 6174 6120 746f the file data to\n+0002a1e0: 2062 6520 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 642e be be included.\n+0002a1f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 .. For examp\n+0002a200: 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e le:. in\n+0002a210: 6974 7264 206e 6577 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 itrd newc:/etc/s\n+0002a220: 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 673a 2868 6430 2c32 sh/config:(hd0,2\n+0002a230: 292f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 2e73 7368 )/home/user/.ssh\n+0002a240: 2f63 6f6e 6669 6720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 /config \\. \n+0002a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 633a newc:\n+0002a260: 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 /etc/ssh/ssh_hos\n+0002a270: 745f 7273 615f 6b65 793a 2f65 7463 2f73 t_rsa_key:/etc/s\n+0002a280: 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f sh/ssh_host_rsa_\n+0002a290: 6b65 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 key \\. \n+0002a2a0: 2020 2020 2020 202f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 /boot/ini\n+0002a2b0: 7472 642e 677a 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 trd.gz \\. \n+0002a2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 7763 3a2f newc:/\n+0002a2d0: 696e 6974 3a2f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f init:/home/user/\n+0002a2e0: 696e 6974 2e66 6978 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 init.fixed.. \n+0002a2f0: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 This command wi\n+0002a300: 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 7477 6f20 ll generate two \n+0002a310: 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 696e 6974 7264 new-style initrd\n+0002a320: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6c79 2e20 2054 s on the fly. T\n+0002a330: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 636f he. first co\n+0002a340: 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 ntains the path \n+0002a350: e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f 636f 6e66 .../etc/ssh/conf\n+0002a360: 6967 e280 9920 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 ig... with the c\n+0002a370: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 ontents of. \n+0002a380: e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 2f68 6f6d 652f ...(hd0,2)/home/\n+0002a390: 7573 6572 2f2e 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 user/.ssh/config\n+0002a3a0: e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7061 7468 ... and the path\n+0002a3b0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 . .../etc/ss\n+0002a3c0: 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b h/ssh_host_rsa_k\n+0002a3d0: 6579 e280 9920 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 ey... with the c\n+0002a3e0: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 ontents of. \n+0002a3f0: e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f .../etc/ssh/ssh_\n+0002a400: 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 host_rsa_key... \n+0002a410: 6f6e 2074 6865 2052 4f4f 5420 6465 7669 on the ROOT devi\n+0002a420: 6365 2e20 2050 6172 656e 7420 6469 7265 ce. Parent dire\n+0002a430: 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6873 ctory. paths\n+0002a440: 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 will automatica\n+0002a450: 6c6c 7920 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 lly be generated\n+0002a460: 2061 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2e20 2054 6869 as needed. Thi\n+0002a470: 7320 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 2067 656e s first. gen\n+0002a480: 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e69 7472 6420 7769 erated initrd wi\n+0002a490: 6c6c 2074 6865 6e20 6861 7665 20e2 8098 ll then have ...\n+0002a4a0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 7264 2e67 7ae2 /boot/initrd.gz.\n+0002a4b0: 8099 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7465 640a .. concatenated.\n+0002a4c0: 2020 2020 2061 6674 6572 2069 742e 2020 after it. \n+0002a4d0: 4e65 7874 2c20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 Next, another ne\n+0002a4e0: 772d 7374 796c 6520 6172 6368 6976 6520 w-style archive \n+0002a4f0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 will be generate\n+0002a500: 6420 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 d with. the \n+0002a510: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 e280 982f contents of .../\n+0002a520: 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 696e 6974 2e66 home/user/init.f\n+0002a530: 6978 6564 e280 9920 696e 2074 6865 2070 ixed... in the p\n+0002a540: 6174 6820 e280 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 ath .../init... \n+0002a550: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2061 7070 656e 6465 and. appende\n+0002a560: 6420 746f 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 d to the previou\n+0002a570: 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 696f 6e2e s concatenation.\n+0002a580: 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 2072 Finally, the r\n+0002a590: 6573 756c 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 esult will. \n+0002a5a0: 6265 2073 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 206b be sent to the k\n+0002a5b0: 6572 6e65 6c20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 ernel when boote\n+0002a5c0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204b 6565 7020 696e d... Keep in\n+0002a5d0: 206d 696e 6420 7468 6174 2070 6174 6873 mind that paths\n+0002a5e0: 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d65 206c 6174 6572 that come later\n+0002a5f0: 2077 696c 6c20 7461 6b65 2070 7265 6365 will take prece\n+0002a600: 6465 6e63 652e 2020 536f 0a20 2020 2020 dence. So. \n+0002a610: 696e 2074 6865 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2061 in the example a\n+0002a620: 626f 7665 2c20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 bove, the genera\n+0002a630: 7465 6420 7061 7468 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 ted path .../ini\n+0002a640: 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 7772 t... will overwr\n+0002a650: 6974 6520 616e 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ite any. ...\n+0002a660: 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 982f /init... in .../\n+0002a670: 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a e280 boot/initrd.gz..\n+0002a680: 992e 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 .. This can be \n+0002a690: 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6368 616e useful when chan\n+0002a6a0: 6769 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 ging the. ma\n+0002a6b0: 696e 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6973 2075 6e64 in initrd is und\n+0002a6c0: 6573 6972 6162 6c65 206f 7220 6469 6666 esirable or diff\n+0002a6d0: 6963 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 icult.....File: \n+0002a6e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002a6f0: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 204e 6578 : initrd16, Nex\n+0002a700: 743a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: linux, Prev:\n+0002a710: 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f initrd, Up: Lo\n+0002a720: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ader commands..1\n+0002a730: 372e 322e 3320 696e 6974 7264 3136 0a2d 7.2.3 initrd16.-\n+0002a740: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002a750: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 -- Command: ini\n+0002a760: 7472 6431 3620 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 trd16 file [file\n+0002a770: 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c ...]. Load,\n+0002a780: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 in order, all i\n+0002a790: 6e69 7472 6473 2066 6f72 2061 204c 696e nitrds for a Lin\n+0002a7a0: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 ux kernel image \n+0002a7b0: 746f 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 0a20 2020 to be booted. \n+0002a7c0: 2020 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 in 16-bit mode\n+0002a7d0: 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 6170 , and set the ap\n+0002a7e0: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 propriate parame\n+0002a7f0: 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 ters in the Linu\n+0002a800: 780a 2020 2020 2073 6574 7570 2061 7265 x. setup are\n+0002a810: 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5468 a in memory. Th\n+0002a820: 6973 206d 6179 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 is may only be u\n+0002a830: 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 e280 sed after the ..\n+0002a840: 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 990a 2020 2020 .linux16.... \n+0002a850: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n+0002a860: 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 linux16::) has b\n+0002a870: 6565 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 616c een run. See al\n+0002a880: 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e so *note GNU/Lin\n+0002a890: 7578 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 ux::. and th\n+0002a8a0: 6520 e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2063 e ...initrd... c\n+0002a8b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e ommand (*note in\n+0002a8c0: 6974 7264 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 itrd::) for more\n+0002a8d0: 2064 6574 6169 6c73 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 details on. \n+0002a8e0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 arguments... \n+0002a8f0: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 This command i\n+0002a900: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n+0002a910: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7063 2070 6c61 7466 on the pc platf\n+0002a920: 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 7838 3620 7379 7374 orm for x86 syst\n+0002a930: 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ems.....File: gr\n+0002a940: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002a950: 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 linux, Next: li\n+0002a960: 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e nux16, Prev: in\n+0002a970: 6974 7264 3136 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 itrd16, Up: Loa\n+0002a980: 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 der commands..17\n+0002a990: 2e32 2e34 206c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .2.4 linux.-----\n+0002a9a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002a9b0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 7820 6669 6c65 mand: linux file\n+0002a9c0: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 .... Load a\n+0002a9d0: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d Linux kernel im\n+0002a9e0: 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 age from FILE. \n+0002a9f0: 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 The rest of the \n+0002aa00: 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 line is. pas\n+0002aa10: 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 sed verbatim as \n+0002aa20: 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f the ...kernel co\n+0002aa30: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 mmand-line.... \n+0002aa40: 416e 7920 696e 6974 7264 206d 7573 7420 Any initrd must \n+0002aa50: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 be. reloaded\n+0002aa60: 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 after using thi\n+0002aa70: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 s command (*note\n+0002aa80: 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 initrd::)... \n+0002aa90: 2020 4f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 On x86 systems\n+0002aaa0: 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c , the kernel wil\n+0002aab0: 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 7573 696e l be booted usin\n+0002aac0: 6720 7468 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f g the 32-bit boo\n+0002aad0: 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e t. protocol.\n+0002aae0: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 Note that this\n+0002aaf0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 means that the \n+0002ab00: e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2062 6f6f 7420 ...vga=... boot \n+0002ab10: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 option will. \n+0002ab20: 206e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b3b 2069 6620 796f not work; if yo\n+0002ab30: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 u want to set a \n+0002ab40: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f special video mo\n+0002ab50: 6465 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 de, you will nee\n+0002ab60: 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 4752 d to. use GR\n+0002ab70: 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 UB commands such\n+0002ab80: 2061 7320 e280 9873 6574 2067 6678 7061 as ...set gfxpa\n+0002ab90: 796c 6f61 643d 3130 3234 7837 3638 e280 yload=1024x768..\n+0002aba0: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 740a 2020 2020 . or ...set. \n+0002abb0: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643d 6b65 6570 gfxpayload=keep\n+0002abc0: e280 9920 2874 6f20 6b65 6570 2074 6865 ... (to keep the\n+0002abd0: 2073 616d 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 7573 same mode as us\n+0002abe0: 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2920 696e 7374 ed in GRUB) inst\n+0002abf0: 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2063 ead.. GRUB c\n+0002ac00: 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 an automatically\n+0002ac10: 2064 6574 6563 7420 736f 6d65 2075 7365 detect some use\n+0002ac20: 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 s of ...vga=... \n+0002ac30: 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 650a 2020 and translate. \n+0002ac40: 2020 2074 6865 6d20 746f 2061 7070 726f them to appro\n+0002ac50: 7072 6961 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 7320 priate settings \n+0002ac60: 6f66 20e2 8098 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 of ...gfxpayload\n+0002ac70: e280 992e 2020 5468 6520 e280 986c 696e .... The ...lin\n+0002ac80: 7578 3136 e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d ux16.... com\n+0002ac90: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 mand (*note linu\n+0002aca0: 7831 363a 3a29 2061 766f 6964 7320 7468 x16::) avoids th\n+0002acb0: 6973 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2e0a is restriction..\n+0002acc0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002acd0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 fo, Node: linux\n+0002ace0: 3136 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f68 16, Next: xen_h\n+0002acf0: 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5072 6576 ypervisor, Prev\n+0002ad00: 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f : linux, Up: Lo\n+0002ad10: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ader commands..1\n+0002ad20: 372e 322e 3520 6c69 6e75 7831 360a 2d2d 7.2.5 linux16.--\n+0002ad30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002ad40: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 696e 7578 - Command: linux\n+0002ad50: 3136 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 16 file .... \n+0002ad60: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 Load a Linux ke\n+0002ad70: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 rnel image from \n+0002ad80: 4649 4c45 2069 6e20 3136 2d62 6974 206d FILE in 16-bit m\n+0002ad90: 6f64 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f ode. The rest o\n+0002ada0: 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 f. the line \n+0002adb0: 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 is passed verbat\n+0002adc0: 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 im as the ...ker\n+0002add0: 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 nel command-line\n+0002ade0: e280 9d2e 2020 416e 790a 2020 2020 2069 .... Any. i\n+0002adf0: 6e69 7472 6420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7265 nitrd must be re\n+0002ae00: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 loaded after usi\n+0002ae10: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ng this command \n+0002ae20: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6974 (*note. init\n+0002ae30: 7264 3136 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 rd16::)... T\n+0002ae40: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 he kernel will b\n+0002ae50: 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 e booted using t\n+0002ae60: 6865 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2031 he traditional 1\n+0002ae70: 362d 6269 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6-bit boot. \n+0002ae80: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2041 7320 7765 protocol. As we\n+0002ae90: 6c6c 2061 7320 6279 7061 7373 696e 6720 ll as bypassing \n+0002aea0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 e280 problems with ..\n+0002aeb0: 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2064 6573 6372 6962 .vga=... describ\n+0002aec0: 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 202a 6e6f 7465 ed in. *note\n+0002aed0: 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2c20 7468 6973 2070 linux::, this p\n+0002aee0: 6572 6d69 7473 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2073 ermits booting s\n+0002aef0: 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6f67 7261 ome other progra\n+0002af00: 6d73 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2069 6d70 ms that. imp\n+0002af10: 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 lement the Linux\n+0002af20: 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2066 boot protocol f\n+0002af30: 6f72 2074 6865 2073 616b 6520 6f66 2063 or the sake of c\n+0002af40: 6f6e 7665 6e69 656e 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 onvenience... \n+0002af50: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 This command i\n+0002af60: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n+0002af70: 206f 6e20 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e on x86 systems.\n+0002af80: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002af90: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f nfo, Node: xen_\n+0002afa0: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 hypervisor, Nex\n+0002afb0: 743a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 t: xen_module, \n+0002afc0: 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 Prev: linux16, \n+0002afd0: 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 Up: Loader comma\n+0002afe0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3620 7865 6e5f nds..17.2.6 xen_\n+0002aff0: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d hypervisor.-----\n+0002b000: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002b010: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 .. -- Command: x\n+0002b020: 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 6669 en_hypervisor fi\n+0002b030: 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 202e le [arguments] .\n+0002b040: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2058 ... Load a X\n+0002b050: 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 6269 en hypervisor bi\n+0002b060: 6e61 7279 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 nary from FILE. \n+0002b070: 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 The rest of the\n+0002b080: 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 line is. pa\n+0002b090: 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 ssed verbatim as\n+0002b0a0: 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 the ...kernel c\n+0002b0b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 ommand-line.... \n+0002b0c0: 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 696e 6172 Any other binar\n+0002b0d0: 6965 730a 2020 2020 206d 7573 7420 6265 ies. must be\n+0002b0e0: 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 reloaded after \n+0002b0f0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 using this comma\n+0002b100: 6e64 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e nd. This comman\n+0002b110: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 d is only. a\n+0002b120: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 vailable on AArc\n+0002b130: 6836 3420 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a h64 systems.....\n+0002b140: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002b150: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 Node: xen_modu\n+0002b160: 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2078 656e 5f68 le, Prev: xen_h\n+0002b170: 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 ypervisor, Up: \n+0002b180: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a Loader commands.\n+0002b190: 0a31 372e 322e 3720 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 .17.2.7 xen_modu\n+0002b1a0: 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d le.-------------\n+0002b1b0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002b1c0: 643a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d d: xen_module [-\n+0002b1d0: 2d6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 205b -nounzip] file [\n+0002b1e0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 2020 arguments]. \n+0002b1f0: 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f Load a module fo\n+0002b200: 7220 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 r xen hypervisor\n+0002b210: 2061 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 at the booting \n+0002b220: 7072 6f63 6573 7320 6f66 2078 656e 2e0a process of xen..\n+0002b230: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 The rest of\n+0002b240: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 the line is pas\n+0002b250: 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 sed verbatim as \n+0002b260: 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 the module comma\n+0002b270: 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f nd line.. Mo\n+0002b280: 6475 6c65 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 dules should be \n+0002b290: 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f loaded in the fo\n+0002b2a0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f72 6465 723a 202d llowing order: -\n+0002b2b0: 2064 6f6d 3020 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 dom0 kernel. \n+0002b2c0: 2020 696d 6167 6520 2d20 646f 6d30 2072 image - dom0 r\n+0002b2d0: 616d 6469 736b 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e amdisk if presen\n+0002b2e0: 7420 2d20 5853 4d20 706f 6c69 6379 2069 t - XSM policy i\n+0002b2f0: 6620 7072 6573 656e 7420 5468 6973 0a20 f present This. \n+0002b300: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f command is o\n+0002b310: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e nly available on\n+0002b320: 2041 4172 6368 3634 2073 7973 7465 6d73 AArch64 systems\n+0002b330: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002b340: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 656e info, Node: Gen\n+0002b350: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 eral commands, \n+0002b360: 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Next: Command-li\n+0002b370: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 ne commands, Pr\n+0002b380: 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 ev: Loader comma\n+0002b390: 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e nds, Up: Comman\n+0002b3a0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2047 656e 6572 616c ds..17.3 General\n+0002b3b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.======\n+0002b3c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+0002b3d0: 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7573 6162 6c65 .Commands usable\n+0002b3e0: 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 696e 2074 6865 anywhere in the\n+0002b3f0: 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 696e 2074 6865 menu and in the\n+0002b400: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a command-line...\n+0002b410: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 * Menu:..* seria\n+0002b420: 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l:: \n+0002b430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2075 7020 Set up \n+0002b440: 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 650a a serial device.\n+0002b450: 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 * terminal_input\n+0002b460: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002b470: 4d61 6e61 6765 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 Manage input ter\n+0002b480: 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 minals.* termina\n+0002b490: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 l_output:: \n+0002b4a0: 2020 2020 2020 204d 616e 6167 6520 6f75 Manage ou\n+0002b4b0: 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a tput terminals.*\n+0002b4c0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 terminfo:: \n+0002b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n+0002b4e0: 6566 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 efine terminal t\n+0002b4f0: 7970 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ype....File: gru\n+0002b500: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n+0002b510: 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 erial, Next: te\n+0002b520: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 rminal_input, U\n+0002b530: 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 p: General comma\n+0002b540: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3120 7365 7269 nds..17.3.1 seri\n+0002b550: 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al.-------------\n+0002b560: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n+0002b570: 6572 6961 6c20 5b2d 2d75 6e69 743d 756e erial [--unit=un\n+0002b580: 6974 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6f72 743d 706f 7274 it] [--port=port\n+0002b590: 5d20 5b2d 2d73 7065 6564 3d73 7065 6564 ] [--speed=speed\n+0002b5a0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d77 ]. [--w\n+0002b5b0: 6f72 643d 776f 7264 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6172 ord=word] [--par\n+0002b5c0: 6974 793d 7061 7269 7479 5d20 5b2d 2d73 ity=parity] [--s\n+0002b5d0: 746f 703d 7374 6f70 5d0a 2020 2020 2049 top=stop]. I\n+0002b5e0: 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 6120 7365 7269 nitialize a seri\n+0002b5f0: 616c 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 554e 4954 al device. UNIT\n+0002b600: 2069 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 is a number in \n+0002b610: 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 302d 330a 2020 the range 0-3. \n+0002b620: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7768 specifying wh\n+0002b630: 6963 6820 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 ich serial port \n+0002b640: 746f 2075 7365 3b20 6465 6661 756c 7420 to use; default \n+0002b650: 6973 2030 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 is 0, which. \n+0002b660: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 corresponds to \n+0002b670: 7468 6520 706f 7274 206f 6674 656e 2063 the port often c\n+0002b680: 616c 6c65 6420 434f 4d31 2e0a 0a20 2020 alled COM1... \n+0002b690: 2020 504f 5254 2069 7320 7468 6520 492f PORT is the I/\n+0002b6a0: 4f20 706f 7274 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 O port where the\n+0002b6b0: 2055 4152 5420 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 UART is to be f\n+0002b6c0: 6f75 6e64 206f 722c 2069 6620 7072 6566 ound or, if pref\n+0002b6d0: 6978 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 20e2 ixed. with .\n+0002b6e0: 8098 6d6d 696f 2ce2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 ..mmio,..., the \n+0002b6f0: 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 MMIO address of \n+0002b700: 7468 6520 5541 5254 2e20 4966 2073 7065 the UART. If spe\n+0002b710: 6369 6669 6564 2069 7420 7461 6b65 730a cified it takes.\n+0002b720: 2020 2020 2070 7265 6365 6465 6e63 6520 precedence \n+0002b730: 6f76 6572 2055 4e49 542e 0a0a 2020 2020 over UNIT... \n+0002b740: 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2061 Additionally, a\n+0002b750: 6e20 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 n MMIO address c\n+0002b760: 616e 2062 6520 7375 6666 6978 6564 2077 an be suffixed w\n+0002b770: 6974 683a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 ith:. ...\n+0002b780: 20e2 8098 2e62 e280 9920 666f 7220 6279 ....b... for by\n+0002b790: 7465 7320 6163 6365 7373 2028 6465 6661 tes access (defa\n+0002b7a0: 756c 7429 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 ult). ...\n+0002b7b0: 20e2 8098 2e77 e280 9920 666f 7220 3136 ....w... for 16\n+0002b7c0: 2d62 6974 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 -bit word access\n+0002b7d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 . ... ...\n+0002b7e0: 2e6c e280 9920 666f 7220 3332 2d62 6974 .l... for 32-bit\n+0002b7f0: 206c 6f6e 6720 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 long word acces\n+0002b800: 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 s or. ...\n+0002b810: 20e2 8098 2e71 e280 9920 666f 7220 3634 ....q... for 64\n+0002b820: 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 6c6f 6e67 2077 -bit long long w\n+0002b830: 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 0a0a 2020 2020 ord access.. \n+0002b840: 2041 6c73 6f2c 2050 4f52 5420 6361 6e20 Also, PORT can \n+0002b850: 6265 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d 20e2 be of the form .\n+0002b860: 8098 7063 692c 5858 3a58 582e 58e2 8099 ..pci,XX:XX.X...\n+0002b870: 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2061 2073 to indicate a s\n+0002b880: 6572 6961 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 erial. devic\n+0002b890: 6520 6578 706f 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 e exposed on the\n+0002b8a0: 2050 4349 2062 7573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 PCI bus... \n+0002b8b0: 5350 4545 4420 6973 2074 6865 2074 7261 SPEED is the tra\n+0002b8c0: 6e73 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 7370 6565 643b nsmission speed;\n+0002b8d0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3936 3030 default is 9600\n+0002b8e0: 2e20 2057 4f52 4420 616e 6420 5354 4f50 . WORD and STOP\n+0002b8f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 7468 6520 6e75 . are the nu\n+0002b900: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6461 7461 2062 6974 mber of data bit\n+0002b910: 7320 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 732e s and stop bits.\n+0002b920: 2020 4461 7461 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 Data bits must\n+0002b930: 2062 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 be in. the \n+0002b940: 7261 6e67 6520 352d 3820 616e 6420 7374 range 5-8 and st\n+0002b950: 6f70 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 op bits must be \n+0002b960: 3120 6f72 2032 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 1 or 2. Default\n+0002b970: 2069 7320 3820 6461 7461 2062 6974 730a is 8 data bits.\n+0002b980: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 2073 746f and one sto\n+0002b990: 7020 6269 742e 2020 5041 5249 5459 2069 p bit. PARITY i\n+0002b9a0: 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 6e6f e280 s one of ...no..\n+0002b9b0: 992c 20e2 8098 6f64 64e2 8099 2c20 e280 ., ...odd..., ..\n+0002b9c0: 9865 7665 6ee2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 .even... and. \n+0002b9d0: 2020 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 e280 defaults to ..\n+0002b9e0: 986e 6fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 .no...... Th\n+0002b9f0: 6520 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 e serial port is\n+0002ba00: 206e 6f74 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 2063 not used as a c\n+0002ba10: 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 ommunication cha\n+0002ba20: 6e6e 656c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 650a nnel unless the.\n+0002ba30: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c ...terminal\n+0002ba40: 5f69 6e70 7574 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 _input... or ...\n+0002ba50: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 terminal_output.\n+0002ba60: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7573 .. command is us\n+0002ba70: 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 ed (*note. t\n+0002ba80: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 3a2c erminal_input::,\n+0002ba90: 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f *note terminal_\n+0002baa0: 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 output::)... \n+0002bab0: 204e 6f74 652c 2076 616c 6964 2050 4f52 Note, valid POR\n+0002bac0: 5420 7661 6c75 6573 2c20 6578 636c 7564 T values, exclud\n+0002bad0: 696e 6720 494f 2070 6f72 7420 6164 6472 ing IO port addr\n+0002bae0: 6573 7365 732c 2063 616e 2062 6520 666f esses, can be fo\n+0002baf0: 756e 640a 2020 2020 2062 7920 6c69 7374 und. by list\n+0002bb00: 696e 6720 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 7769 ing terminals wi\n+0002bb10: 7468 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f th ...terminal_o\n+0002bb20: 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2c20 7365 6c65 6374 utput..., select\n+0002bb30: 696e 6720 616c 6c20 6e61 6d65 730a 2020 ing all names. \n+0002bb40: 2020 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 6279 20e2 prefixed by .\n+0002bb50: 8098 7365 7269 616c 5fe2 8099 2061 6e64 ..serial_... and\n+0002bb60: 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 7468 6174 2070 removing that p\n+0002bb70: 7265 6669 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7861 refix... Exa\n+0002bb80: 6d70 6c65 733a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 mples:. \n+0002bb90: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d30 serial --port=0\n+0002bba0: 7833 6638 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d39 3630 x3f8 --speed=960\n+0002bbb0: 300a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 0. seri\n+0002bbc0: 616c 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 6d6d 696f 2c66 al --port=mmio,f\n+0002bbd0: 6566 6230 3030 302e 6c20 2d2d 7370 6565 efb0000.l --spee\n+0002bbe0: 643d 3131 3532 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 d=115200. \n+0002bbf0: 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 serial --port\n+0002bc00: 3d70 6369 2c30 303a 3136 2e33 202d 2d73 =pci,00:16.3 --s\n+0002bc10: 7065 6564 3d31 3135 3230 300a 0a20 2020 peed=115200.. \n+0002bc20: 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 See also *note\n+0002bc30: 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c Serial terminal\n+0002bc40: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+0002bc50: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 b.info, Node: t\n+0002bc60: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 erminal_input, \n+0002bc70: 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f Next: terminal_o\n+0002bc80: 7574 7075 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 utput, Prev: se\n+0002bc90: 7269 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 rial, Up: Gener\n+0002bca0: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e al commands..17.\n+0002bcb0: 332e 3220 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 3.2 terminal_inp\n+0002bcc0: 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ut.-------------\n+0002bcd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002bce0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f mmand: terminal_\n+0002bcf0: 696e 7075 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c input [--append|\n+0002bd00: 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 --remove] [termi\n+0002bd10: 6e61 6c31 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 nal1] [terminal2\n+0002bd20: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a ]. ....\n+0002bd30: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c List or sel\n+0002bd40: 6563 7420 616e 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 ect an input ter\n+0002bd50: 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 minal... Wit\n+0002bd60: 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 h no arguments, \n+0002bd70: 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 list the active \n+0002bd80: 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e and available in\n+0002bd90: 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a put terminals...\n+0002bda0: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d61 With ...--a\n+0002bdb0: 7070 656e 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 6420 7468 ppend..., add th\n+0002bdc0: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c e named terminal\n+0002bdd0: 7320 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 s to the list of\n+0002bde0: 2061 6374 6976 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e70 active. inp\n+0002bdf0: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616e ut terminals; an\n+0002be00: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 7365 206d 6179 2062 y of these may b\n+0002be10: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 e used to provid\n+0002be20: 6520 696e 7075 7420 746f 2047 5255 422e e input to GRUB.\n+0002be30: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d .. With ...-\n+0002be40: 2d72 656d 6f76 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 6d6f -remove..., remo\n+0002be50: 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 ve the named ter\n+0002be60: 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 minals from the \n+0002be70: 6163 7469 7665 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 active list... \n+0002be80: 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 696f With no optio\n+0002be90: 6e73 2062 7574 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 ns but a list of\n+0002bea0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c terminal names,\n+0002beb0: 206d 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 206c make only the l\n+0002bec0: 6973 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 isted. termi\n+0002bed0: 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 7469 7665 nal names active\n+0002bee0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002bef0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 info, Node: ter\n+0002bf00: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 204e minal_output, N\n+0002bf10: 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 ext: terminfo, \n+0002bf20: 5072 6576 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 Prev: terminal_i\n+0002bf30: 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 nput, Up: Gener\n+0002bf40: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e al commands..17.\n+0002bf50: 332e 3320 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 3.3 terminal_out\n+0002bf60: 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d put.------------\n+0002bf70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002bf80: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 Command: termina\n+0002bf90: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 l_output [--appe\n+0002bfa0: 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 655d 205b 7465 nd|--remove] [te\n+0002bfb0: 726d 696e 616c 315d 205b 7465 726d 696e rminal1] [termin\n+0002bfc0: 616c 325d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e al2]. .\n+0002bfd0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 7220 ... List or \n+0002bfe0: 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 6f75 7470 7574 select an output\n+0002bff0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 terminal... \n+0002c000: 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e With no argumen\n+0002c010: 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 ts, list the act\n+0002c020: 6976 6520 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c ive and availabl\n+0002c030: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 e output termina\n+0002c040: 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 ls... With .\n+0002c050: 8098 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 e280 992c 2061 ..--append..., a\n+0002c060: 6464 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 dd the named ter\n+0002c070: 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 minals to the li\n+0002c080: 7374 206f 6620 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 st of active. \n+0002c090: 2020 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 output termina\n+0002c0a0: 6c73 3b20 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 7365 ls; all of these\n+0002c0b0: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6365 6976 6520 6f75 will receive ou\n+0002c0c0: 7470 7574 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a tput from GRUB..\n+0002c0d0: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d . With ...--\n+0002c0e0: 7265 6d6f 7665 e280 992c 2072 656d 6f76 remove..., remov\n+0002c0f0: 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d e the named term\n+0002c100: 696e 616c 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 inals from the a\n+0002c110: 6374 6976 6520 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 ctive list... \n+0002c120: 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e With no option\n+0002c130: 7320 6275 7420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 s but a list of \n+0002c140: 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 terminal names, \n+0002c150: 6d61 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 make only the li\n+0002c160: 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e sted. termin\n+0002c170: 616c 206e 616d 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e al names active.\n+0002c180: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002c190: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d nfo, Node: term\n+0002c1a0: 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6572 info, Prev: ter\n+0002c1b0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2055 minal_output, U\n+0002c1c0: 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 p: General comma\n+0002c1d0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3420 7465 726d nds..17.3.4 term\n+0002c1e0: 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d info.-----------\n+0002c1f0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002c200: 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 5b2d 617c d: terminfo [-a|\n+0002c210: 2d75 7c2d 765d 205b 2d67 2057 7848 5d20 -u|-v] [-g WxH] \n+0002c220: 5b74 6572 6d5d 205b 7479 7065 5d0a 2020 [term] [type]. \n+0002c230: 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 7468 6520 6361 Define the ca\n+0002c240: 7061 6269 6c69 7469 6573 206f 6620 796f pabilities of yo\n+0002c250: 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6279 2067 ur terminal by g\n+0002c260: 6976 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f iving the name o\n+0002c270: 6620 616e 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 f an. entry \n+0002c280: 696e 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 in the terminfo \n+0002c290: 6461 7461 6261 7365 2c20 7768 6963 6820 database, which \n+0002c2a0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e should correspon\n+0002c2b0: 6420 726f 7567 686c 7920 746f 0a20 2020 d roughly to. \n+0002c2c0: 2020 6120 e280 9854 4552 4de2 8099 2065 a ...TERM... e\n+0002c2d0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0002c2e0: 626c 6520 696e 2055 6e69 782e 0a0a 2020 ble in Unix... \n+0002c2f0: 2020 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 The currently\n+0002c300: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6572 6d69 available termi\n+0002c310: 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 7320 6172 6520 e280 nal types are ..\n+0002c320: 9876 7431 3030 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7674 .vt100..., ...vt\n+0002c330: 3130 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 100-color...,. \n+0002c340: 2020 20e2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 ...ieee1275..\n+0002c350: 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 e280 ., and ...dumb..\n+0002c360: 992e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 .. If you need \n+0002c370: 6f74 6865 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 other terminal t\n+0002c380: 7970 6573 2c20 706c 6561 7365 0a20 2020 ypes, please. \n+0002c390: 2020 636f 6e74 6163 7420 7573 2074 6f20 contact us to \n+0002c3a0: 6469 7363 7573 7320 7468 6520 6265 7374 discuss the best\n+0002c3b0: 2077 6179 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 way to include \n+0002c3c0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 7468 6573 support for thes\n+0002c3d0: 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e0a e in. GRUB..\n+0002c3e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 61e2 . The ...-a.\n+0002c3f0: 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d61 7363 6969 e280 .. (...--ascii..\n+0002c400: 9929 2c20 e280 982d 75e2 8099 2028 e280 .), ...-u... (..\n+0002c410: 982d 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 292c 2061 6e64 .--utf8...), and\n+0002c420: 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d ...-v... (...--\n+0002c430: 7669 7375 616c 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 290a visual-utf8...).\n+0002c440: 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2063 6f6e options con\n+0002c450: 7472 6f6c 2068 6f77 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 trol how non-ASC\n+0002c460: 4949 2074 6578 7420 6973 2064 6973 706c II text is displ\n+0002c470: 6179 6564 2e20 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 9920 ayed. ...-a... \n+0002c480: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 616e 0a20 2020 specifies an. \n+0002c490: 2020 4153 4349 492d 6f6e 6c79 2074 6572 ASCII-only ter\n+0002c4a0: 6d69 6e61 6c3b 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 minal; ...-u... \n+0002c4b0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 6c6f 6769 6361 specifies logica\n+0002c4c0: 6c6c 792d 6f72 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d lly-ordered UTF-\n+0002c4d0: 383b 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 8; and. ...-\n+0002c4e0: 76e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2022 v... specifies \"\n+0002c4f0: 7669 7375 616c 6c79 2d6f 7264 6572 6564 visually-ordered\n+0002c500: 2055 5446 2d38 2220 2869 6e20 6f74 6865 UTF-8\" (in othe\n+0002c510: 7220 776f 7264 732c 2061 7272 616e 6765 r words, arrange\n+0002c520: 640a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 d. such that\n+0002c530: 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c a terminal emul\n+0002c540: 6174 6f72 2077 6974 686f 7574 2062 6964 ator without bid\n+0002c550: 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6578 7420 irectional text \n+0002c560: 7375 7070 6f72 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c support. wil\n+0002c570: 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7269 6768 742d l display right-\n+0002c580: 746f 2d6c 6566 7420 7465 7874 2069 6e20 to-left text in \n+0002c590: 7468 6520 7072 6f70 6572 206f 7264 6572 the proper order\n+0002c5a0: 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 ; this is not. \n+0002c5b0: 2020 2072 6561 6c6c 7920 7072 6f70 6572 really proper\n+0002c5c0: 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6275 7420 6120 776f UTF-8, but a wo\n+0002c5d0: 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 rkaround)... \n+0002c5e0: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d67 e280 9920 28e2 The ...-g... (.\n+0002c5f0: 8098 2d2d 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 e280 9929 ..--geometry...)\n+0002c600: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n+0002c610: 7370 6563 6966 7920 7465 726d 696e 616c specify terminal\n+0002c620: 2067 656f 6d65 7472 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 geometry... \n+0002c630: 2049 6620 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f72 If no option or\n+0002c640: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 2069 terminal type i\n+0002c650: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 s specified, the\n+0002c660: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 current termina\n+0002c670: 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 7970 6520 6973 2070 l. type is p\n+0002c680: 7269 6e74 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a rinted.....File:\n+0002c690: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002c6a0: 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 e: Command-line \n+0002c6b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a commands, Next:\n+0002c6c0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+0002c6d0: 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 656e ands, Prev: Gen\n+0002c6e0: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 eral commands, \n+0002c6f0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 Up: Commands..17\n+0002c700: 2e34 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 .4 Command-line \n+0002c710: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.=======\n+0002c720: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0002c730: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 ===..These comma\n+0002c740: 6e64 7320 6172 6520 7573 6162 6c65 2069 nds are usable i\n+0002c750: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 n the command-li\n+0002c760: 6e65 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 ne and in menu e\n+0002c770: 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2049 660a 796f 7520 ntries. If.you \n+0002c780: 666f 7267 6574 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 forget a command\n+0002c790: 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7275 6e20 7468 , you can run th\n+0002c7a0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 656c e command ...hel\n+0002c7b0: 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 6c70 p... (*note help\n+0002c7c0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ::)...* Menu:..*\n+0002c7d0: 205b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 [:: \n+0002c7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n+0002c7f0: 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 7320 heck file types \n+0002c800: 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 6c75 and compare valu\n+0002c810: 6573 0a2a 2061 6370 693a 3a20 2020 2020 es.* acpi:: \n+0002c820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002c830: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4143 5049 2074 6162 Load ACPI tab\n+0002c840: 6c65 730a 2a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 les.* authentica\n+0002c850: 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te:: \n+0002c860: 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 Check whethe\n+0002c870: 7220 7573 6572 2069 7320 696e 2075 7365 r user is in use\n+0002c880: 7220 6c69 7374 0a2a 2062 6163 6b67 726f r list.* backgro\n+0002c890: 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 und_color:: \n+0002c8a0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 6163 6b67 Set backg\n+0002c8b0: 726f 756e 6420 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\n-0002cda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4576 616c 7561 7465 Evaluate\n-0002cdb0: 2061 6772 756d 656e 7473 2061 7320 4752 agruments as GR\n-0002cdc0: 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2a20 6578 UB commands.* ex\n-0002cdd0: 706f 7274 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 port:: \n-0002cde0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4578 706f Expo\n-0002cdf0: 7274 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e rt an environmen\n-0002ce00: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2066 616c t variable.* fal\n-0002ce10: 7365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se:: \n-0002ce20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f Do no\n-0002ce30: 7468 696e 672c 2075 6e73 7563 6365 7373 thing, unsuccess\n-0002ce40: 6675 6c6c 790a 2a20 6677 7365 7475 703a fully.* fwsetup:\n-0002ce50: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002ce60: 2020 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2069 6e74 Reboot int\n-0002ce70: 6f20 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 o the firmware s\n-0002ce80: 6574 7570 206d 656e 750a 2a20 6764 6269 etup menu.* gdbi\n-0002ce90: 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 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434d 4f53 0a2a 2063 6d6f 7364 in CMOS.* cmosd\n+0002ca70: 756d 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ump:: \n+0002ca80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 756d 7020 434d Dump CM\n+0002ca90: 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 730a 2a20 636d OS contents.* cm\n+0002caa0: 6f73 7465 7374 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ostest:: \n+0002cab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5465 7374 Test\n+0002cac0: 2062 6974 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 0a2a 2063 bit in CMOS.* c\n+0002cad0: 6d70 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mp:: \n+0002cae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d Com\n+0002caf0: 7061 7265 2074 776f 2066 696c 6573 0a2a pare two files.*\n+0002cb00: 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a20 2020 configfile:: \n+0002cb10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+0002cb20: 6f61 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 oad a configurat\n+0002cb30: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2063 7075 6964 ion file.* cpuid\n+0002cb40: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002cb50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 Check f\n+0002cb60: 6f72 2043 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7320 6672 6f6d 2065 6e76 riables from env\n-0002d150: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 0a2a ironment block.*\n-0002d160: 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 loadfont:: \n-0002d170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n-0002d180: 6f61 6420 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6573 0a2a oad font files.*\n-0002d190: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a 3a20 2020 2020 loopback:: \n-0002d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d M\n-0002d1b0: 616b 6520 6120 6465 7669 6365 2066 726f ake a device fro\n-0002d1c0: 6d20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 m a filesystem i\n-0002d1d0: 6d61 6765 0a2a 206c 733a 3a20 2020 2020 mage.* ls:: \n-0002d1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d1f0: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 List device\n-0002d200: 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 206c 7366 s or files.* lsf\n-0002d210: 6f6e 7473 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 onts:: \n-0002d220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 List \n-0002d230: 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 0a2a 206c loaded fonts.* 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6c65 6172 2d74 6578 Set a clear-tex\n-0002d440: 7420 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a2a 2070 6173 t password.* pas\n-0002d450: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2020 sword_pbkdf2:: \n-0002d460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 Set a\n-0002d470: 2068 6173 6865 6420 7061 7373 776f 7264 hashed password\n-0002d480: 0a2a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 .* plainmount:: \n-0002d490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d4a0: 204f 7065 6e20 6465 7669 6365 2065 6e63 Open device enc\n-0002d4b0: 7279 7074 6564 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 rypted in plain \n-0002d4c0: 6d6f 6465 0a2a 2070 6c61 793a 3a20 2020 mode.* play:: \n-0002d4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d4e0: 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 Play a tune\n-0002d4f0: 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 .* probe:: \n+0002cf60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5368 7574 2064 6f77 Shut dow\n+0002cf70: 6e20 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 720a n your computer.\n+0002cf80: 2a20 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 * hashsum:: \n+0002cf90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002cfa0: 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b Compute or check\n+0002cfb0: 2068 6173 6820 6368 6563 6b73 756d 0a2a hash checksum.*\n+0002cfc0: 2068 656c 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 help:: \n+0002cfd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n+0002cfe0: 686f 7720 6865 6c70 206d 6573 7361 6765 how help message\n+0002cff0: 730a 2a20 6865 7864 756d 703a 3a20 2020 s.* hexdump:: \n+0002d000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d010: 2020 5368 6f77 2072 6177 2063 6f6e 7465 Show raw conte\n+0002d020: 6e74 7320 6f66 2061 2066 696c 6520 6f72 nts of a file or\n+0002d030: 206d 656d 6f72 790a 2a20 696e 736d 6f64 memory.* insmod\n+0002d040: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002d050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 2061 Insert a\n+0002d060: 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2a20 6b65 7973 7461 module.* keysta\n+0002d070: 7475 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tus:: \n+0002d080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 6b65 Check ke\n+0002d090: 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 y modifier statu\n+0002d0a0: 730a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2020 s.* list_env:: \n+0002d0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d0c0: 2020 4c69 7374 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 List variables\n+0002d0d0: 2069 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 in environment \n+0002d0e0: 626c 6f63 6b0a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 block.* list_tru\n+0002d0f0: 7374 6564 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sted:: \n+0002d100: 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2074 7275 7374 List trust\n+0002d110: 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 0a2a ed public keys.*\n+0002d120: 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a 3a20 2020 2020 load_env:: \n+0002d130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+0002d140: 6f61 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 oad variables fr\n+0002d150: 6f6d 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 om environment b\n+0002d160: 6c6f 636b 0a2a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 743a lock.* loadfont:\n+0002d170: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d180: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 666f 6e74 2066 Load font f\n+0002d190: 696c 6573 0a2a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a iles.* loopback:\n+0002d1a0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d1b0: 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 6120 6465 7669 Make a devi\n+0002d1c0: 6365 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 ce from a filesy\n+0002d1d0: 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 206c 733a stem image.* ls:\n+0002d1e0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 List \n+0002d200: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6573 devices or files\n+0002d210: 0a2a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 3a3a 2020 2020 .* lsfonts:: \n+0002d220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d230: 204c 6973 7420 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6f6e List loaded fon\n+0002d240: 7473 0a2a 206c 736d 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 ts.* lsmod:: \n+0002d250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d260: 2020 2053 686f 7720 6c6f 6164 6564 206d Show loaded m\n+0002d270: 6f64 756c 6573 0a2a 206d 6435 7375 6d3a odules.* md5sum:\n+0002d280: 3a20 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\n+0002d380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d390: 456e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 Enter normal mod\n+0002d3a0: 650a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 743a e.* normal_exit:\n+0002d3b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d3c0: 2020 4578 6974 2066 726f 6d20 6e6f 726d Exit from norm\n+0002d3d0: 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2a20 7061 7274 746f al mode.* partto\n+0002d3e0: 6f6c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ol:: \n+0002d3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 6469 6679 2070 Modify p\n+0002d400: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 artition table e\n+0002d410: 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ntries.* passwor\n+0002d420: 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d:: \n+0002d430: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 2063 6c65 Set a cle\n+0002d440: 6172 2d74 6578 7420 7061 7373 776f 7264 ar-text password\n+0002d450: 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 .* password_pbkd\n+0002d460: 6632 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f2:: \n+0002d470: 2053 6574 2061 2068 6173 6865 6420 7061 Set a hashed pa\n+0002d480: 7373 776f 7264 0a2a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f ssword.* plainmo\n+0002d490: 756e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 unt:: \n+0002d4a0: 2020 2020 2020 204f 7065 6e20 6465 7669 Open devi\n+0002d4b0: 6365 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2069 6e20 ce encrypted in \n+0002d4c0: 706c 6169 6e20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 2070 6c61 plain mode.* pla\n+0002d4d0: 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y:: \n+0002d4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 Play \n+0002d4f0: 6120 7475 6e65 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a3a a tune.* probe::\n 0002d500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d510: 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 6465 7669 6365 Retrieve device\n-0002d520: 2069 6e66 6f0a 2a20 7264 6d73 723a 3a20 info.* rdmsr:: \n-0002d530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d540: 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 2076 616c 7565 Read value\n-0002d550: 7320 6672 6f6d 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 s from model-spe\n-0002d560: 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 730a cific registers.\n-0002d570: 2a20 7265 6164 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * read:: \n+0002d510: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 Retrieve \n+0002d520: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f0a 2a20 7264 device info.* rd\n+0002d530: 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 msr:: \n+0002d540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 Read\n+0002d550: 2076 616c 7565 7320 6672 6f6d 206d 6f64 values from mod\n+0002d560: 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 el-specific regi\n+0002d570: 7374 6572 730a 2a20 7265 6164 3a3a 2020 sters.* read:: \n 0002d580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d590: 5265 6164 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 740a Read user input.\n-0002d5a0: 2a20 7265 626f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * reboot:: \n+0002d590: 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 2075 7365 7220 Read user \n+0002d5a0: 696e 7075 740a 2a20 7265 626f 6f74 3a3a input.* reboot::\n 0002d5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d5c0: 5265 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 Reboot your comp\n-0002d5d0: 7574 6572 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a 3a20 uter.* regexp:: \n-0002d5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d5f0: 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 6966 2072 6567 Test if reg\n-0002d600: 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 ular expression \n-0002d610: 6d61 7463 6865 7320 7374 7269 6e67 0a2a matches string.*\n-0002d620: 2072 6d6d 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmmod:: \n-0002d630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n-0002d640: 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2a emove a module.*\n-0002d650: 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a20 2020 2020 save_env:: \n-0002d660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n-0002d670: 6176 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f ave variables to\n-0002d680: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-0002d690: 636b 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a20 2020 ck.* search:: \n-0002d6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d6b0: 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6465 7669 6365 Search device\n-0002d6c0: 7320 6279 2066 696c 652c 206c 6162 656c s by file, label\n-0002d6d0: 2c20 6f72 2055 5549 440a 2a20 7365 6e64 , or UUID.* send\n-0002d6e0: 6b65 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 key:: \n-0002d6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d 756c 6174 Emulat\n-0002d700: 6520 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 0a2a 2073 e keystrokes.* s\n-0002d710: 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et:: \n-0002d720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n-0002d730: 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 an environment \n-0002d740: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 variable.* sha1s\n-0002d750: 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um:: \n-0002d760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 Compute\n-0002d770: 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4131 2068 or check SHA1 h\n-0002d780: 6173 680a 2a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d3a ash.* sha256sum:\n-0002d790: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d7a0: 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 Compute or c\n-0002d7b0: 6865 636b 2053 4841 3235 3620 6861 7368 heck SHA256 hash\n-0002d7c0: 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 3a3a 2020 .* sha512sum:: \n-0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d7e0: 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 Compute or chec\n-0002d7f0: 6b20 5348 4135 3132 2068 6173 680a 2a20 k SHA512 hash.* \n-0002d800: 736c 6565 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sleep:: \n-0002d810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5761 Wa\n-0002d820: 6974 2066 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 it for a specifi\n-0002d830: 6564 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 ed number of sec\n-0002d840: 6f6e 6473 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f 733a 3a20 onds.* smbios:: \n-0002d850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d860: 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d Retrieve SM\n-0002d870: 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e BIOS information\n-0002d880: 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 3a20 2020 2020 .* source:: \n-0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d8a0: 2052 6561 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Read a configur\n-0002d8b0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 7361 ation file in sa\n-0002d8c0: 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a2a 2074 6573 me context.* tes\n-0002d8d0: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-0002d8e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b Check\n-0002d8f0: 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 7320 616e 6420 file types and \n-0002d900: 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 6c75 6573 0a2a compare values.*\n-0002d910: 2074 7275 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 true:: \n-0002d920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n-0002d930: 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2073 7563 6365 o nothing, succe\n-0002d940: 7373 6675 6c6c 790a 2a20 7472 7573 743a ssfully.* trust:\n-0002d950: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 7075 626c Add publ\n-0002d970: 6963 206b 6579 2074 6f20 6c69 7374 206f ic key to list o\n-0002d980: 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 0a2a f trusted keys.*\n-0002d990: 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 unset:: \n-0002d9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 U\n-0002d9b0: 6e73 6574 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d nset an environm\n-0002d9c0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2076 ent variable.* v\n-0002d9d0: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a erify_detached::\n-0002d9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 Ver\n-0002d9f0: 6966 7920 6465 7461 6368 6564 2064 6967 ify detached dig\n-0002da00: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 0a2a ital signature.*\n-0002da10: 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 3a3a 2020 2020 videoinfo:: \n-0002da20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n-0002da30: 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 ist available vi\n-0002da40: 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 730a 2a20 7772 6d73 deo modes.* wrms\n-0002da50: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r:: \n-0002da60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5772 6974 6520 Write \n-0002da70: 7661 6c75 6573 2074 6f20 6d6f 6465 6c2d values to model-\n-0002da80: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 specific registe\n-0002da90: 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 rs....File: grub\n-0002daa0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5b2c .info, Node: [,\n-0002dab0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 2055 Next: acpi, U\n-0002dac0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0002dad0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 commands..17.4.1\n-0002dae0: 205b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d [.--------.. --\n-0002daf0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 5b20 6578 7072 Command: [ expr\n-0002db00: 6573 7369 6f6e 205d 0a20 2020 2020 416c ession ]. Al\n-0002db10: 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9874 6573 7420 ias for ...test \n-0002db20: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e e280 9920 282a EXPRESSION... (*\n-0002db30: 6e6f 7465 2074 6573 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f note test::)....\n-0002db40: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002db50: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 6370 692c 2020 , Node: acpi, \n-0002db60: 4e65 7874 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 Next: authentica\n-0002db70: 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 205b 2c20 2055 te, Prev: [, U\n-0002db80: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0002db90: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n-0002dba0: 2061 6370 690a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d acpi.----------\n-0002dbb0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002dbc0: 6163 7069 205b 2d31 7c2d 325d 205b 2d2d acpi [-1|-2] [--\n-0002dbd0: 6578 636c 7564 653d 7461 626c 6531 2c2e exclude=table1,.\n-0002dbe0: 2e2e 7c2d 2d6c 6f61 642d 6f6e 6c79 3d74 ..|--load-only=t\n-0002dbf0: 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 able1,...]. \n-0002dc00: 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d69 643d 6964 [--oemid=id\n-0002dc10: 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 653d 7461 ] [--oemtable=ta\n-0002dc20: 626c 655d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 ble] [--oemtable\n-0002dc30: 7265 763d 7265 765d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 rev=rev]. \n-0002dc40: 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 [--oemtablecr\n-0002dc50: 6561 746f 723d 6372 6561 746f 725d 205b eator=creator] [\n-0002dc60: 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f --oemtablecreato\n-0002dc70: 7272 6576 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 rrev=rev]. \n-0002dc80: 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6562 6461 5d20 [--no-ebda] \n-0002dc90: 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 filename .... \n-0002dca0: 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2042 494f 5320 7379 Modern BIOS sy\n-0002dcb0: 7374 656d 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2069 stems normally i\n-0002dcc0: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 2041 6476 mplement the Adv\n-0002dcd0: 616e 6365 6420 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 anced Configurat\n-0002dce0: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2050 6f77 ion. and Pow\n-0002dcf0: 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2028 4143 er Interface (AC\n-0002dd00: 5049 292c 2061 6e64 2064 6566 696e 6520 PI), and define \n-0002dd10: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7461 626c 6573 2074 various tables t\n-0002dd20: 6861 7420 6465 7363 7269 6265 0a20 2020 hat describe. \n-0002dd30: 2020 7468 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 the interface \n-0002dd40: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2041 4350 492d between an ACPI-\n-0002dd50: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6f70 6572 6174 compliant operat\n-0002dd60: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 2074 ing system and t\n-0002dd70: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 he. firmware\n-0002dd80: 2e20 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 . In some cases\n-0002dd90: 2c20 7468 6520 7461 626c 6573 2070 726f , the tables pro\n-0002dda0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 vided by default\n-0002ddb0: 206f 6e6c 7920 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 only work. \n-0002ddc0: 7765 6c6c 2077 6974 6820 6365 7274 6169 well with certai\n-0002ddd0: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 n operating syst\n-0002dde0: 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 6d61 7920 ems, and it may \n-0002ddf0: 6265 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f0a be necessary to.\n-0002de00: 2020 2020 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2073 6f6d replace som\n-0002de10: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 e of them... \n-0002de20: 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 6869 7320 Normally, this \n-0002de30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 command will rep\n-0002de40: 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2052 6f6f 7420 5379 lace the Root Sy\n-0002de50: 7374 656d 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e stem Description\n-0002de60: 0a20 2020 2020 506f 696e 7465 7220 2852 . Pointer (R\n-0002de70: 5344 5029 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4578 7465 SDP) in the Exte\n-0002de80: 6e64 6564 2042 494f 5320 4461 7461 2041 nded BIOS Data A\n-0002de90: 7265 6120 746f 2070 6f69 6e74 2074 6f20 rea to point to \n-0002dea0: 7468 6520 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2074 6162 the new. tab\n-0002deb0: 6c65 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 les. If the ...\n-0002dec0: 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 61e2 8099 206f 7074 --no-ebda... opt\n-0002ded0: 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 ion is used, the\n-0002dee0: 206e 6577 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7769 6c6c new tables will\n-0002def0: 2062 650a 2020 2020 206b 6e6f 776e 206f be. known o\n-0002df00: 6e6c 7920 746f 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 nly to GRUB, but\n-0002df10: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 may be used by \n-0002df20: 4752 5542 2773 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 GRUB's EFI emula\n-0002df30: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 tion... Note\n-0002df40: 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 : The command is\n-0002df50: 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 not allowed whe\n-0002df60: 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e n lockdown is en\n-0002df70: 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 forced (*note. \n-0002df80: 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 Lockdown::). \n-0002df90: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2061 6e20 6174 Otherwise an at\n-0002dfa0: 7461 636b 6572 2063 616e 2069 6e73 7472 tacker can instr\n-0002dfb0: 7563 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2074 6f20 uct the GRUB to \n-0002dfc0: 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 616e 2053 5344 load. an SSD\n-0002dfd0: 5420 7461 626c 6520 746f 206f 7665 7277 T table to overw\n-0002dfe0: 7269 7465 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 rite the kernel \n-0002dff0: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 lockdown configu\n-0002e000: 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 ration and. \n-0002e010: 6c61 7465 7220 6c6f 6164 2061 6e64 2065 later load and e\n-0002e020: 7865 6375 7465 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 xecute unsigned \n-0002e030: 636f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 code.....File: g\n-0002e040: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002e050: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 authenticate, \n-0002e060: 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 Next: background\n-0002e070: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2061 _color, Prev: a\n-0002e080: 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e cpi, Up: Comman\n-0002e090: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0002e0a0: 0a31 372e 342e 3320 6175 7468 656e 7469 .17.4.3 authenti\n-0002e0b0: 6361 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cate.-----------\n-0002e0c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002e0d0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 mmand: authentic\n-0002e0e0: 6174 6520 5b75 7365 726c 6973 745d 0a20 ate [userlist]. \n-0002e0f0: 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 Check whethe\n-0002e100: 7220 7573 6572 2069 7320 696e 2055 5345 r user is in USE\n-0002e110: 524c 4953 5420 6f72 206c 6973 7465 6420 RLIST or listed \n-0002e120: 696e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a in the value of.\n-0002e130: 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 variable ..\n-0002e140: 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2e20 .superusers.... \n-0002e150: 2053 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2073 7570 6572 See *note super\n-0002e160: 7573 6572 733a 3a20 666f 7220 7661 6c69 users:: for vali\n-0002e170: 6420 7573 6572 206c 6973 740a 2020 2020 d user list. \n-0002e180: 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 format. If ...\n-0002e190: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 6973 superusers... is\n-0002e1a0: 2065 6d70 7479 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d empty, this com\n-0002e1b0: 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 7275 mand returns tru\n-0002e1c0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 e.. *Note Se\n-0002e1d0: 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c curity::.....Fil\n-0002e1e0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002e1f0: 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f ode: background_\n-0002e200: 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 color, Next: ba\n-0002e210: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 ckground_image, \n-0002e220: 2050 7265 763a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 Prev: authentic\n-0002e230: 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ate, Up: Comman\n-0002e240: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0002e250: 0a31 372e 342e 3420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 .17.4.4 backgrou\n-0002e260: 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nd_color.-------\n+0002d5c0: 2020 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 Reboot you\n+0002d5d0: 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 0a2a 2072 6567 r computer.* reg\n+0002d5e0: 6578 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 exp:: \n+0002d5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 Test \n+0002d600: 6966 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 if regular expre\n+0002d610: 7373 696f 6e20 6d61 7463 6865 7320 7374 ssion matches st\n+0002d620: 7269 6e67 0a2a 2072 6d6d 6f64 3a3a 2020 ring.* rmmod:: \n+0002d630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d640: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6d6f Remove a mo\n+0002d650: 6475 6c65 0a2a 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a dule.* save_env:\n+0002d660: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d670: 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 7661 7269 6162 Save variab\n+0002d680: 6c65 7320 746f 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 les to environme\n+0002d690: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 nt block.* searc\n+0002d6a0: 683a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h:: \n+0002d6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 Search \n+0002d6c0: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 2066 696c 652c devices by file,\n+0002d6d0: 206c 6162 656c 2c20 6f72 2055 5549 440a label, or UUID.\n+0002d6e0: 2a20 7365 6e64 6b65 793a 3a20 2020 2020 * sendkey:: \n+0002d6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d700: 456d 756c 6174 6520 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b Emulate keystrok\n+0002d710: 6573 0a2a 2073 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 es.* set:: \n+0002d720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d730: 2020 2053 6574 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f Set an enviro\n+0002d740: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a nment variable.*\n+0002d750: 2073 6861 3173 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 sha1sum:: \n+0002d760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n+0002d770: 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 ompute or check \n+0002d780: 5348 4131 2068 6173 680a 2a20 7368 6132 SHA1 hash.* sha2\n+0002d790: 3536 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 56sum:: \n+0002d7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 Comput\n+0002d7b0: 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3235 e or check SHA25\n+0002d7c0: 3620 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 6 hash.* sha512s\n+0002d7d0: 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um:: \n+0002d7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f Compute o\n+0002d7f0: 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4135 3132 2068 r check SHA512 h\n+0002d800: 6173 680a 2a20 736c 6565 703a 3a20 2020 ash.* sleep:: \n+0002d810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d820: 2020 2020 5761 6974 2066 6f72 2061 2073 Wait for a s\n+0002d830: 7065 6369 6669 6564 206e 756d 6265 7220 pecified number \n+0002d840: 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 0a2a 2073 6d62 of seconds.* smb\n+0002d850: 696f 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ios:: \n+0002d860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 Retri\n+0002d870: 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 eve SMBIOS infor\n+0002d880: 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a mation.* source:\n+0002d890: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d8a0: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 636f Read a co\n+0002d8b0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+0002d8c0: 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 in same context\n+0002d8d0: 0a2a 2074 6573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* test:: \n+0002d8e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d8f0: 2043 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 Check file type\n+0002d900: 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 s and compare va\n+0002d910: 6c75 6573 0a2a 2074 7275 653a 3a20 2020 lues.* true:: \n+0002d920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d930: 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c Do nothing,\n+0002d940: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 790a 2a20 successfully.* \n+0002d950: 7472 7573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 trust:: \n+0002d960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 Ad\n+0002d970: 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2074 6f20 d public key to \n+0002d980: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 list of trusted \n+0002d990: 6b65 7973 0a2a 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 2020 keys.* unset:: \n+0002d9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d9b0: 2020 2020 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(*note test:\n+0002db40: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+0002db50: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 b.info, Node: a\n+0002db60: 6370 692c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6175 7468 cpi, Next: auth\n+0002db70: 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a enticate, Prev:\n+0002db80: 205b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 [, Up: Command\n+0002db90: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002dba0: 3137 2e34 2e32 2061 6370 690a 2d2d 2d2d 17.4.2 acpi.----\n+0002dbb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002dbc0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6163 7069 205b 2d31 7c2d mand: acpi [-1|-\n+0002dbd0: 325d 205b 2d2d 6578 636c 7564 653d 7461 2] [--exclude=ta\n+0002dbe0: 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d 2d6c 6f61 642d ble1,...|--load-\n+0002dbf0: 6f6e 6c79 3d74 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e 2e5d only=table1,...]\n+0002dc00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 . 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In some\n+0002dd90: 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7461 626c cases, the tabl\n+0002dda0: 6573 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2064 es provided by d\n+0002ddb0: 6566 6175 6c74 206f 6e6c 7920 776f 726b efault only work\n+0002ddc0: 0a20 2020 2020 7765 6c6c 2077 6974 6820 . well with \n+0002ddd0: 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e certain operatin\n+0002dde0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2069 g systems, and i\n+0002ddf0: 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206e 6563 6573 7361 t may be necessa\n+0002de00: 7279 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6570 6c61 ry to. repla\n+0002de10: 6365 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e ce some of them.\n+0002de20: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c .. Normally,\n+0002de30: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 this command wi\n+0002de40: 6c6c 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2052 ll replace the R\n+0002de50: 6f6f 7420 5379 7374 656d 2044 6573 6372 oot System Descr\n+0002de60: 6970 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 506f 696e iption. Poin\n+0002de70: 7465 7220 2852 5344 5029 2069 6e20 7468 ter (RSDP) in th\n+0002de80: 6520 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2042 494f 5320 e Extended BIOS \n+0002de90: 4461 7461 2041 7265 6120 746f 2070 6f69 Data Area to poi\n+0002dea0: 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 770a 2020 nt to the new. \n+0002deb0: 2020 2074 6162 6c65 732e 2020 4966 2074 tables. If t\n+0002dec0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 61e2 he ...--no-ebda.\n+0002ded0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 .. option is use\n+0002dee0: 642c 2074 6865 206e 6577 2074 6162 6c65 d, the new table\n+0002def0: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206b s will be. k\n+0002df00: 6e6f 776e 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2047 5255 nown only to GRU\n+0002df10: 422c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 B, but may be us\n+0002df20: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2773 2045 4649 ed by GRUB's EFI\n+0002df30: 2065 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 emulation... \n+0002df40: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d Note: The comm\n+0002df50: 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 and is not allow\n+0002df60: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e ed when lockdown\n+0002df70: 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e is enforced (*n\n+0002df80: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 ote. Lockdow\n+0002df90: 6e3a 3a29 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 n::). Otherwise\n+0002dfa0: 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2063 616e an attacker can\n+0002dfb0: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7420 7468 6520 4752 instruct the GR\n+0002dfc0: 5542 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 UB to load. \n+0002dfd0: 616e 2053 5344 5420 7461 626c 6520 746f an SSDT table to\n+0002dfe0: 206f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2074 6865 206b overwrite the k\n+0002dff0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2063 ernel lockdown c\n+0002e000: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 onfiguration and\n+0002e010: 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7465 7220 6c6f 6164 . later load\n+0002e020: 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 2075 6e73 and execute uns\n+0002e030: 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 igned code.....F\n+0002e040: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002e050: 204e 6f64 653a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 Node: authentic\n+0002e060: 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b ate, Next: back\n+0002e070: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2050 ground_color, P\n+0002e080: 7265 763a 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: acpi, Up: \n+0002e090: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002e0a0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3320 6175 mands..17.4.3 au\n+0002e0b0: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d thenticate.-----\n+0002e0c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002e0d0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 7574 -- Command: aut\n+0002e0e0: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 6520 5b75 7365 726c henticate [userl\n+0002e0f0: 6973 745d 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 ist]. Check \n+0002e100: 7768 6574 6865 7220 7573 6572 2069 7320 whether user is \n+0002e110: 696e 2055 5345 524c 4953 5420 6f72 206c in USERLIST or l\n+0002e120: 6973 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2076 616c isted in the val\n+0002e130: 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 ue of. varia\n+0002e140: 626c 6520 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 ble ...superuser\n+0002e150: 73e2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 s.... See *note\n+0002e160: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 733a 3a20 666f superusers:: fo\n+0002e170: 7220 7661 6c69 6420 7573 6572 206c 6973 r valid user lis\n+0002e180: 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 t. format. \n+0002e190: 4966 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 If ...superusers\n+0002e1a0: e280 9920 6973 2065 6d70 7479 2c20 7468 ... is empty, th\n+0002e1b0: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 is command retur\n+0002e1c0: 6e73 2074 7275 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e ns true.. *N\n+0002e1d0: 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a ote Security::..\n+0002e1e0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002e1f0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 fo, Node: backg\n+0002e200: 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 4e65 round_color, Ne\n+0002e210: 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 xt: background_i\n+0002e220: 6d61 6765 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2061 7574 mage, Prev: aut\n+0002e230: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 henticate, Up: \n+0002e240: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002e250: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3420 6261 mands..17.4.4 ba\n+0002e260: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 0a2d ckground_color.-\n 0002e270: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002e280: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 .. -- Command: b\n-0002e290: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 7220 ackground_color \n-0002e2a0: 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 color. Set b\n-0002e2b0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 ackground color \n-0002e2c0: 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 for active termi\n-0002e2d0: 6e61 6c2e 2020 466f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 nal. For valid \n-0002e2e0: 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 color. speci\n-0002e2f0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 7365 6520 2a6e fications see *n\n-0002e300: 6f74 6520 436f 6c6f 7273 3a20 5468 656d ote Colors: Them\n-0002e310: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 e file format. \n-0002e320: 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 Background. \n-0002e330: 636f 6c6f 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 color can be cha\n-0002e340: 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 nged only when u\n-0002e350: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 sing ...gfxterm.\n-0002e360: 8099 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 .. for terminal \n-0002e370: 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 output... Th\n-0002e380: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6574 7320 is command sets \n-0002e390: 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2065 6d70 7479 2061 color of empty a\n-0002e3a0: 7265 6173 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6578 reas without tex\n-0002e3b0: 742e 2020 5465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 6261 t. Text. ba\n-0002e3c0: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 ckground color i\n-0002e3d0: 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 s controlled by \n-0002e3e0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-0002e3f0: 6162 6c65 730a 2020 2020 2043 4f4c 4f52 ables. COLOR\n-0002e400: 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f48 _NORMAL, COLOR_H\n-0002e410: 4947 484c 4947 4854 2c20 4d45 4e55 5f43 IGHLIGHT, MENU_C\n-0002e420: 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 0a20 2020 OLOR_NORMAL,. \n-0002e430: 2020 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 MENU_COLOR_HIG\n-0002e440: 484c 4947 4854 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 HLIGHT. *Note S\n-0002e450: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-0002e460: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 3a3a 2e0a nt variables::..\n-0002e470: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002e480: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 fo, Node: backg\n-0002e490: 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 4e65 round_image, Ne\n-0002e4a0: 7874 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 2050 7265 xt: badram, Pre\n-0002e4b0: 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f v: background_co\n-0002e4c0: 6c6f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e lor, Up: Comman\n-0002e4d0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0002e4e0: 0a31 372e 342e 3520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 .17.4.5 backgrou\n-0002e4f0: 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nd_image.-------\n+0002e280: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002e290: 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f and: background_\n+0002e2a0: 636f 6c6f 7220 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 color color. \n+0002e2b0: 2053 6574 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 Set background \n+0002e2c0: 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 color for active\n+0002e2d0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 466f 7220 terminal. For \n+0002e2e0: 7661 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 valid color. \n+0002e2f0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 specifications \n+0002e300: 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6c6f 7273 see *note Colors\n+0002e310: 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 : Theme file for\n+0002e320: 6d61 742e 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 mat. Background\n+0002e330: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 6361 6e20 . color can \n+0002e340: 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 be changed only \n+0002e350: 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 when using ...gf\n+0002e360: 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2066 6f72 2074 6572 xterm... for ter\n+0002e370: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a20 minal output... \n+0002e380: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n+0002e390: 2073 6574 7320 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2065 sets color of e\n+0002e3a0: 6d70 7479 2061 7265 6173 2077 6974 686f mpty areas witho\n+0002e3b0: 7574 2074 6578 742e 2020 5465 7874 0a20 ut text. Text. \n+0002e3c0: 2020 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 background c\n+0002e3d0: 6f6c 6f72 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c olor is controll\n+0002e3e0: 6564 2062 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ed by environmen\n+0002e3f0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 2020 2020 t variables. \n+0002e400: 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 2043 COLOR_NORMAL, C\n+0002e410: 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2c20 OLOR_HIGHLIGHT, \n+0002e420: 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 MENU_COLOR_NORMA\n+0002e430: 4c2c 0a20 2020 2020 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c L,. MENU_COL\n+0002e440: 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2e20 202a OR_HIGHLIGHT. *\n+0002e450: 4e6f 7465 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Note Special env\n+0002e460: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+0002e470: 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 es::.....File: g\n+0002e480: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002e490: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 background_imag\n+0002e4a0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 6472 616d e, Next: badram\n+0002e4b0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f , Prev: backgro\n+0002e4c0: 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 und_color, Up: \n+0002e4d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002e4e0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3520 6261 mands..17.4.5 ba\n+0002e4f0: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 0a2d ckground_image.-\n 0002e500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002e510: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 .. -- Command: b\n-0002e520: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 6520 ackground_image \n-0002e530: 5b5b 2d2d 6d6f 6465 2073 7472 6574 6368 [[--mode stretch\n-0002e540: 7c6e 6f72 6d61 6c5d 2066 696c 655d 0a20 |normal] file]. \n-0002e550: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2062 6163 6b67 726f Load backgro\n-0002e560: 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 6163 und image for ac\n-0002e570: 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6672 tive terminal fr\n-0002e580: 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 496d 6167 6520 om FILE. Image \n-0002e590: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7265 7463 6865 is. stretche\n-0002e5a0: 6420 746f 2066 696c 6c20 7570 2065 6e74 d to fill up ent\n-0002e5b0: 6972 6520 7363 7265 656e 2075 6e6c 6573 ire screen unles\n-0002e5c0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6d6f s option ...--mo\n-0002e5d0: 6465 e280 9920 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 de... ...normal.\n-0002e5e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 6976 656e ... is given\n-0002e5f0: 2e20 2057 6974 686f 7574 2061 7267 756d . Without argum\n-0002e600: 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 6520 6375 7272 ents remove curr\n-0002e610: 656e 746c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6163 ently loaded bac\n-0002e620: 6b67 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 kground. ima\n-0002e630: 6765 2e20 2042 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 ge. Background \n-0002e640: 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 image can be cha\n-0002e650: 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 nged only when u\n-0002e660: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 sing ...gfxterm.\n-0002e670: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 7465 726d ... for term\n-0002e680: 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a inal output.....\n-0002e690: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002e6a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 Node: badram, \n-0002e6b0: 204e 6578 743a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 Next: blocklist\n-0002e6c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f , Prev: backgro\n-0002e6d0: 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 5570 3a20 und_image, Up: \n-0002e6e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002e6f0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3620 6261 mands..17.4.6 ba\n-0002e700: 6472 616d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dram.-----------\n-0002e710: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002e720: 2062 6164 7261 6d20 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 badram addr,mas\n-0002e730: 6b5b 2c61 6464 722c 6d61 736b 2e2e 2e5d k[,addr,mask...]\n-0002e740: 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c74 6572 206f 7574 . Filter out\n-0002e750: 2062 6164 2052 414d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 bad RAM... \n-0002e760: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 This command not\n-0002e770: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 ifies the memory\n-0002e780: 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 manager that sp\n-0002e790: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 ecified regions \n-0002e7a0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 of. RAM ough\n-0002e7b0: 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 t to be filtered\n-0002e7c0: 206f 7574 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2062 out (usually, b\n-0002e7d0: 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7927 7265 2064 ecause they're d\n-0002e7e0: 616d 6167 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 amaged).. Th\n-0002e7f0: 6973 2072 656d 6169 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 is remains in ef\n-0002e800: 6665 6374 2061 6674 6572 2061 2070 6179 fect after a pay\n-0002e810: 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 load kernel has \n-0002e820: 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 0a20 been loaded by. \n-0002e830: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e GRUB, as lon\n-0002e840: 6720 6173 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 g as the loaded \n-0002e850: 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 kernel obtains i\n-0002e860: 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 ts memory map fr\n-0002e870: 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e20 204b om. GRUB. K\n-0002e880: 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 ernels that supp\n-0002e890: 6f72 7420 7468 6973 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 ort this include\n-0002e8a0: 204c 696e 7578 2c20 474e 5520 4d61 6368 Linux, GNU Mach\n-0002e8b0: 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 , the. kerne\n-0002e8c0: 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 l of FreeBSD and\n-0002e8d0: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 Multiboot kerne\n-0002e8e0: 6c73 2069 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c2e 0a0a ls in general...\n-0002e8f0: 2020 2020 2053 796e 7461 7820 6973 2074 Syntax is t\n-0002e900: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2070 726f 7669 he same as provi\n-0002e910: 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 204d 656d 7465 ded by the Memte\n-0002e920: 7374 3836 2b20 7574 696c 6974 790a 2020 st86+ utility. \n-0002e930: 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e6d (http://www.m\n-0002e940: 656d 7465 7374 2e6f 7267 2f29 3a20 6120 emtest.org/): a \n-0002e950: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6164 6472 6573 732f list of address/\n-0002e960: 6d61 736b 2070 6169 7273 2e20 2047 6976 mask pairs. Giv\n-0002e970: 656e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 6765 2d61 en a. page-a\n-0002e980: 6c69 676e 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 ligned address a\n-0002e990: 6e64 2061 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 6573 nd a base addres\n-0002e9a0: 7320 2f20 6d61 736b 2070 6169 722c 2069 s / mask pair, i\n-0002e9b0: 6620 616c 6c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 f all the. b\n-0002e9c0: 6974 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6167 652d its of the page-\n-0002e9d0: 616c 6967 6e65 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 aligned address \n-0002e9e0: 7468 6174 2061 7265 2065 6e61 626c 6564 that are enabled\n-0002e9f0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 6d61 736b 206d 6174 by the mask mat\n-0002ea00: 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 ch. with the\n-0002ea10: 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 base address, i\n-0002ea20: 7420 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6973 2070 6167 t means this pag\n-0002ea30: 6520 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 e is to be filte\n-0002ea40: 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 red. This. \n-0002ea50: 7379 6e74 6178 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 syntax makes it \n-0002ea60: 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7265 7072 6573 656e easy to represen\n-0002ea70: 7420 7061 7474 6572 6e73 2074 6861 7420 t patterns that \n-0002ea80: 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 7265 7375 6c74 are often result\n-0002ea90: 206f 660a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 of. memory \n-0002eaa0: 6461 6d61 6765 2c20 6475 6520 746f 2070 damage, due to p\n-0002eab0: 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 hysical distribu\n-0002eac0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6d65 6d6f 7279 2063 tion of memory c\n-0002ead0: 656c 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ells... The \n-0002eae0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c command is simil\n-0002eaf0: 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9863 7574 6d65 6de2 ar to ...cutmem.\n-0002eb00: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 .. command... \n-0002eb10: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d Note: The comm\n-0002eb20: 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 and is not allow\n-0002eb30: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e ed when lockdown\n-0002eb40: 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e is enforced (*n\n-0002eb50: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 ote. Lockdow\n-0002eb60: 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 n::). This prev\n-0002eb70: 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 ents removing EF\n-0002eb80: 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 I memory regions\n-0002eb90: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 to. potenti\n-0002eba0: 616c 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 ally subvert the\n-0002ebb0: 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e security mechan\n-0002ebc0: 6973 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 isms provided by\n-0002ebd0: 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 the UEFI. s\n-0002ebe0: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ecure boot.....F\n-0002ebf0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002ec00: 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 Node: blocklist\n-0002ec10: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 , Next: boot, \n-0002ec20: 5072 6576 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 2055 Prev: badram, U\n-0002ec30: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0002ec40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n-0002ec50: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d blocklist.-----\n-0002ec60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002ec70: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c Command: blockl\n-0002ec80: 6973 7420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5072 ist file. Pr\n-0002ec90: 696e 7420 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 int a block list\n-0002eca0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 (*note Block li\n-0002ecb0: 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2066 6f72 st syntax::) for\n-0002ecc0: 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 FILE.....File: \n-0002ecd0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002ece0: 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 : boot, Next: c\n-0002ecf0: 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6c6f 636b at, Prev: block\n-0002ed00: 6c69 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 list, Up: Comma\n-0002ed10: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002ed20: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 2062 6f6f 740a 2d2d ..17.4.8 boot.--\n-0002ed30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002ed40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 ommand: boot. \n-0002ed50: 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 204f 5320 6f72 Boot the OS or\n-0002ed60: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 7220 7768 chain-loader wh\n-0002ed70: 6963 6820 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 ich has been loa\n-0002ed80: 6465 642e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206e 6563 6573 ded. Only neces\n-0002ed90: 7361 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2072 756e sary. if run\n-0002eda0: 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c79 2069 ning the fully i\n-0002edb0: 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 2063 6f6d 6d61 nteractive comma\n-0002edc0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 2869 7420 6973 2069 nd-line (it is i\n-0002edd0: 6d70 6c69 6369 7420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 mplicit at. \n-0002ede0: 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2061 206d 656e the end of a men\n-0002edf0: 7520 656e 7472 7929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c u entry).....Fil\n-0002ee00: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002ee10: 6f64 653a 2063 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a ode: cat, Next:\n-0002ee20: 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 clear, Prev: b\n-0002ee30: 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e oot, Up: Comman\n-0002ee40: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0002ee50: 0a31 372e 342e 3920 6361 740a 2d2d 2d2d .17.4.9 cat.----\n-0002ee60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002ee70: 616e 643a 2063 6174 205b 2d2d 646f 735d and: cat [--dos]\n-0002ee80: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c file. Displ\n-0002ee90: 6179 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 ay the contents \n-0002eea0: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 4649 4c45 of the file FILE\n-0002eeb0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . This command \n-0002eec0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 may be useful. \n-0002eed0: 2020 2074 6f20 7265 6d69 6e64 2079 6f75 to remind you\n-0002eee0: 206f 6620 796f 7572 204f 5327 7320 726f of your OS's ro\n-0002eef0: 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 ot partition:.. \n-0002ef00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2063 grub> c\n-0002ef10: 6174 202f 6574 632f 6673 7461 620a 0a20 at /etc/fstab.. \n-0002ef20: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d If the ...--\n-0002ef30: 646f 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 dos... option is\n-0002ef40: 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 6361 7272 used, then carr\n-0002ef50: 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 2f20 6e65 iage return / ne\n-0002ef60: 7720 6c69 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7061 6972 w line. pair\n-0002ef70: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 7370 6c61 s will be displa\n-0002ef80: 7965 6420 6173 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 yed as a simple \n-0002ef90: 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 new line. Other\n-0002efa0: 7769 7365 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 wise, the. c\n-0002efb0: 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e 2077 arriage return w\n-0002efc0: 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 ill be displayed\n-0002efd0: 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 6368 as a control ch\n-0002efe0: 6172 6163 7465 7220 28e2 8098 3c64 3ee2 aracter (....\n-0002eff0: 8099 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 ..) to. make\n-0002f000: 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7365 it easier to se\n-0002f010: 6520 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f62 e when boot prob\n-0002f020: 6c65 6d73 2061 7265 2063 6175 7365 6420 lems are caused \n-0002f030: 6279 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 by a file. f\n-0002f040: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2044 ormatted using D\n-0002f050: 4f53 2d73 7479 6c65 206c 696e 6520 656e OS-style line en\n-0002f060: 6469 6e67 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 dings... Not\n-0002f070: 653a 20e2 8098 6361 74e2 8099 2063 616e e: ...cat... can\n-0002f080: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7669 6577 be used to view\n-0002f090: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n-0002f0a0: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2075 7369 6e67 2074 devices using t\n-0002f0b0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 he. block li\n-0002f0c0: 7374 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 st syntax (*note\n-0002f0d0: 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 Block list synt\n-0002f0e0: 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c ax::). However,\n-0002f0f0: 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 it is not. \n-0002f100: 6164 7669 7365 6420 746f 2076 6965 7720 advised to view \n-0002f110: 6269 6e61 7279 2064 6174 6120 6265 6361 binary data beca\n-0002f120: 7573 6520 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 use it will try \n-0002f130: 746f 2064 6563 6f64 6520 5554 462d 380a to decode UTF-8.\n-0002f140: 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e 6773 2c20 7768 strings, wh\n-0002f150: 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6c65 6164 2074 6f20 ich can lead to \n-0002f160: 736f 6d65 2062 7974 6573 206d 6973 7369 some bytes missi\n-0002f170: 6e67 206f 7220 6164 6465 6420 696e 2074 ng or added in t\n-0002f180: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 he. output. \n-0002f190: 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 7573 6520 7468 Instead, use th\n-0002f1a0: 6520 e280 9868 6578 6475 6d70 e280 9920 e ...hexdump... \n-0002f1b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 command (*note h\n-0002f1c0: 6578 6475 6d70 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 exdump::).....Fi\n-0002f1d0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002f1e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 4e65 Node: clear, Ne\n-0002f1f0: 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 xt: cmosclean, \n-0002f200: 5072 6576 3a20 6361 742c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: cat, Up: \n-0002f210: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002f220: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3130 2063 mands..17.4.10 c\n-0002f230: 6c65 6172 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lear.-----------\n-0002f240: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002f250: 2063 6c65 6172 0a20 2020 2020 436c 6561 clear. Clea\n-0002f260: 7220 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a1f r the screen....\n-0002f270: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002f280: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 , Node: cmoscle\n-0002f290: 616e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f 7364 an, Next: cmosd\n-0002f2a0: 756d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636c 6561 ump, Prev: clea\n-0002f2b0: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d r, Up: Command-\n-0002f2c0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0002f2d0: 372e 342e 3131 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 7.4.11 cmosclean\n-0002f2e0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0002f2f0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002f300: 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2062 7974 653a cmosclean byte:\n-0002f310: 6269 740a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 2076 bit. Clear v\n-0002f320: 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 696e 2043 alue of bit in C\n-0002f330: 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 MOS at location \n-0002f340: 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2054 6869 7320 BYTE:BIT. This \n-0002f350: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 command is. \n-0002f360: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f available only o\n-0002f370: 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 n platforms that\n-0002f380: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a support CMOS...\n-0002f390: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002f3a0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 o, Node: cmosdu\n-0002f3b0: 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f 7374 mp, Next: cmost\n-0002f3c0: 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 est, Prev: cmos\n-0002f3d0: 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d clean, Up: Comm\n-0002f3e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0002f3f0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3132 2063 6d6f 7364 s..17.4.12 cmosd\n-0002f400: 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ump.------------\n-0002f410: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 4475 6d70 3a20 ----.. -- Dump: \n-0002f420: 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 730a 2020 CMOS contents. \n-0002f430: 2020 2044 756d 7020 6675 6c6c 2043 4d4f Dump full CMO\n-0002f440: 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2061 7320 6865 S contents as he\n-0002f450: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 7661 6c75 6573 xadecimal values\n-0002f460: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . This command \n-0002f470: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c is. availabl\n-0002f480: 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f e only on platfo\n-0002f490: 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 rms that support\n-0002f4a0: 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 CMOS.....File: \n-0002f4b0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002f4c0: 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 204e 6578 : cmostest, Nex\n-0002f4d0: 743a 2063 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 t: cmp, Prev: c\n-0002f4e0: 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f mosdump, Up: Co\n-0002f4f0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002f500: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3133 2063 6d6f nds..17.4.13 cmo\n-0002f510: 7374 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d stest.----------\n-0002f520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002f530: 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 7420 6279 and: cmostest by\n-0002f540: 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 te:bit. Test\n-0002f550: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 696e value of bit in\n-0002f560: 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 696f CMOS at locatio\n-0002f570: 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2045 7869 n BYTE:BIT. Exi\n-0002f580: 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 730a 2020 2020 t status is. \n-0002f590: 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2062 6974 2069 7320 zero if bit is \n-0002f5a0: 7365 742c 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 6f74 set, non zero ot\n-0002f5b0: 6865 7277 6973 652e 2020 5468 6973 2063 herwise. This c\n-0002f5c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 ommand is availa\n-0002f5d0: 626c 650a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e ble. only on\n-0002f5e0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 platforms that \n-0002f5f0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f support CMOS....\n-0002f600: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002f610: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 2c20 204e , Node: cmp, N\n-0002f620: 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c ext: configfile,\n-0002f630: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 Prev: cmostest\n-0002f640: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002f650: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002f660: 2e34 2e31 3420 636d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.14 cmp.------\n-0002f670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002f680: 6e64 3a20 636d 7020 5b2d 765d 2066 696c nd: cmp [-v] fil\n-0002f690: 6531 2066 696c 6532 0a20 2020 2020 436f e1 file2. Co\n-0002f6a0: 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 mpare the file F\n-0002f6b0: 494c 4531 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6669 ILE1 with the fi\n-0002f6c0: 6c65 2046 494c 4532 2e20 2049 6620 7468 le FILE2. If th\n-0002f6d0: 6579 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c ey are completel\n-0002f6e0: 790a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c y. identical\n-0002f6f0: 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 , ...$?... will \n-0002f700: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 302e 2020 4f74 be set to 0. Ot\n-0002f710: 6865 7277 6973 652c 2069 6620 7468 6520 herwise, if the \n-0002f720: 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 2020 files are not. \n-0002f730: 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 e280 identical, ..\n-0002f740: 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 .$?... will be s\n-0002f750: 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 et to a nonzero \n-0002f760: 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 value... By \n-0002f770: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 default nothing \n-0002f780: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 will be output. \n-0002f790: 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 76e2 8099 If the ...-v...\n-0002f7a0: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7665 7262 6f73 is used, verbos\n-0002f7b0: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 6973 2065 e. mode is e\n-0002f7c0: 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 nabled. In this\n-0002f7d0: 206d 6f64 6520 7768 656e 2077 6865 6e20 mode when when \n-0002f7e0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6469 6666 6572 the files differ\n-0002f7f0: 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 in size,. p\n-0002f800: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2073 697a 6573 206c rint the sizes l\n-0002f810: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n-0002f820: 2020 2020 2044 6966 6665 7220 696e 2073 Differ in s\n-0002f830: 697a 653a 2030 7831 3233 3420 5b66 6f6f ize: 0x1234 [foo\n-0002f840: 5d2c 2030 7834 3332 3120 5b62 6172 5d0a ], 0x4321 [bar].\n-0002f850: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2073 697a . If the siz\n-0002f860: 6573 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c 2062 7574 es are equal but\n-0002f870: 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 2061 7420 616e the bytes at an\n-0002f880: 206f 6666 7365 7420 6469 6666 6572 2c20 offset differ, \n-0002f890: 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7420 then. print \n-0002f8a0: 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 the bytes like t\n-0002f8b0: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 his:.. \n-0002f8c0: 4469 6666 6572 2061 7420 7468 6520 6f66 Differ at the of\n-0002f8d0: 6673 6574 2037 3737 3a20 3078 6265 205b fset 777: 0xbe [\n-0002f8e0: 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 6566 205b 6261 725d foo], 0xef [bar]\n-0002f8f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002f900: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 nfo, Node: conf\n-0002f910: 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 igfile, Next: c\n-0002f920: 7075 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d70 puid, Prev: cmp\n-0002f930: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002f940: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002f950: 2e34 2e31 3520 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 .4.15 configfile\n-0002f960: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0002f970: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002f980: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2066 696c : configfile fil\n-0002f990: 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 e. Load FILE\n-0002f9a0: 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 as a configurat\n-0002f9b0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2049 6620 4649 ion file. If FI\n-0002f9c0: 4c45 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 6e79 206d LE defines any m\n-0002f9d0: 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 enu. entries\n-0002f9e0: 2c20 7468 656e 2073 686f 7720 6120 6d65 , then show a me\n-0002f9f0: 6e75 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 nu containing th\n-0002fa00: 656d 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e20 em immediately. \n-0002fa10: 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f Any. enviro\n-0002fa20: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 nment variable c\n-0002fa30: 6861 6e67 6573 206d 6164 6520 6279 2074 hanges made by t\n-0002fa40: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2046 he commands in F\n-0002fa50: 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 ILE will not. \n-0002fa60: 2020 6265 2070 7265 7365 7276 6564 2061 be preserved a\n-0002fa70: 6674 6572 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 fter ...configfi\n-0002fa80: 6c65 e280 9920 7265 7475 726e 732e 0a0a le... returns...\n-0002fa90: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002faa0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6370 7569 642c o, Node: cpuid,\n-0002fab0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 632c 2020 5072 Next: crc, Pr\n-0002fac0: 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 ev: configfile, \n-0002fad0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002fae0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0002faf0: 2e31 3620 6370 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .16 cpuid.------\n-0002fb00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0002fb10: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6370 7569 6420 5b2d 6c5d mand: cpuid [-l]\n-0002fb20: 205b 2d70 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b [-p]. Check\n-0002fb30: 2066 6f72 2043 5055 2066 6561 7475 7265 for CPU feature\n-0002fb40: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s. This command\n-0002fb50: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n-0002fb60: 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 360a 2020 2020 2073 le on x86. s\n-0002fb70: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 ystems... Wi\n-0002fb80: 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 9920 th the ...-l... \n-0002fb90: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 option, return t\n-0002fba0: 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 2043 5055 2073 rue if the CPU s\n-0002fbb0: 7570 706f 7274 7320 6c6f 6e67 206d 6f64 upports long mod\n-0002fbc0: 650a 2020 2020 2028 3634 2d62 6974 292e e. (64-bit).\n-0002fbd0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 .. With the \n-0002fbe0: e280 982d 70e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c ...-p... option,\n-0002fbf0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 6620 return true if \n-0002fc00: 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 the CPU supports\n-0002fc10: 2050 6879 7369 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2041 Physical. A\n-0002fc20: 6464 7265 7373 2045 7874 656e 7369 6f6e ddress Extension\n-0002fc30: 2028 5041 4529 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 (PAE)... If\n-0002fc40: 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 686f 7574 invoked without\n-0002fc50: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2063 options, this c\n-0002fc60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 ommand currently\n-0002fc70: 2062 6568 6176 6573 2061 7320 6966 2069 behaves as if i\n-0002fc80: 740a 2020 2020 2068 6164 2062 6565 6e20 t. had been \n-0002fc90: 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 invoked with ...\n-0002fca0: 2d6c e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 -l.... This may\n-0002fcb0: 2063 6861 6e67 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 change in the f\n-0002fcc0: 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 uture.....File: \n-0002fcd0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002fce0: 3a20 6372 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 : crc, Next: cr\n-0002fcf0: 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 yptomount, Prev\n-0002fd00: 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : cpuid, Up: Co\n-0002fd10: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002fd20: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3137 2063 7263 nds..17.4.17 crc\n-0002fd30: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d .-----------.. -\n-0002fd40: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7263 2061 - Command: crc a\n-0002fd50: 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 rg .... Alia\n-0002fd60: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d s for ...hashsum\n-0002fd70: 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6372 6333 3220 6172 --hash crc32 ar\n-0002fd80: 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 g ....... See c\n-0002fd90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 ommand ...hashsu\n-0002fda0: 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 m.... (*note\n-0002fdb0: 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 hashsum::) for \n-0002fdc0: 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e full description\n-0002fdd0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002fde0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7279 info, Node: cry\n-0002fdf0: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a ptomount, Next:\n-0002fe00: 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 cutmem, Prev: \n-0002fe10: 6372 632c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e crc, Up: Comman\n-0002fe20: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0002fe30: 0a31 372e 342e 3138 2063 7279 7074 6f6d .17.4.18 cryptom\n-0002fe40: 6f75 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ount.-----------\n-0002fe50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002fe60: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 mmand: cryptomou\n-0002fe70: 6e74 205b 205b 2d70 2070 6173 7377 6f72 nt [ [-p passwor\n-0002fe80: 645d 207c 205b 2d6b 206b 6579 6669 6c65 d] | [-k keyfile\n-0002fe90: 205b 2d4f 206b 6579 6f66 6673 6574 5d0a [-O keyoffset].\n-0002fea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 5320 6b65 [-S ke\n-0002feb0: 7973 697a 655d 205d 205d 205b 2d48 2066 ysize] ] ] [-H f\n-0002fec0: 696c 655d 2064 6576 6963 657c 2d75 2075 ile] device|-u u\n-0002fed0: 7569 647c 2d61 7c2d 620a 2020 2020 2053 uid|-a|-b. S\n-0002fee0: 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2065 etup access to e\n-0002fef0: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 652e ncrypted device.\n-0002ff00: 2020 4120 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2077 A passphrase w\n-0002ff10: 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 ill be requested\n-0002ff20: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 . interactiv\n-0002ff30: 656c 792c 2069 6620 6e65 6974 6865 7220 ely, if neither \n-0002ff40: 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206e 6f72 the ...-p... nor\n-0002ff50: 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-k... option\n-0002ff60: 7320 6172 6520 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 s are given. Th\n-0002ff70: 650a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 e. option ..\n-0002ff80: 982d 70e2 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 .-p... can be us\n-0002ff90: 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2061 2070 ed to supply a p\n-0002ffa0: 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 2875 7365 6675 assphrase (usefu\n-0002ffb0: 6c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6970 l for. scrip\n-0002ffc0: 7473 292e 2020 416c 7465 726e 6174 6976 ts). Alternativ\n-0002ffd0: 656c 7920 7468 6520 e280 982d 6be2 8099 ely the ...-k...\n-0002ffe0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 option can be u\n-0002fff0: 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706c 7920 610a sed to supply a.\n-00030000: 2020 2020 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2077 6974 keyfile wit\n-00030010: 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 e280 982d 4fe2 h options ...-O.\n-00030020: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 .. and ...-S... \n-00030030: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2073 7570 706c optionally suppl\n-00030040: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 740a ying the offset.\n-00030050: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2073 697a 652c 2072 and size, r\n-00030060: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792c 206f 6620 espectively, of \n-00030070: 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 the key data in \n-00030080: 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 7920 6669 the given key fi\n-00030090: 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 le. The. ..\n-000300a0: 982d 48e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2063 .-H... options c\n-000300b0: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 an be used to su\n-000300c0: 7070 6c79 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 pply cryptomount\n-000300d0: 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 backends with a\n-000300e0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 n. alternati\n-000300f0: 7665 2068 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 2028 ve header file (\n-00030100: 616b 6120 6465 7461 6368 6564 2068 6561 aka detached hea\n-00030110: 6465 7229 2e20 204e 6f74 2061 6c6c 2062 der). Not all b\n-00030120: 6163 6b65 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2068 6176 ackends. hav\n-00030130: 6520 6865 6164 6572 7320 6e6f 7220 7375 e headers nor su\n-00030140: 7070 6f72 7420 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 pport alternativ\n-00030150: 6520 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 2028 e header files (\n-00030160: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 0a20 currently only. \n-00030170: 2020 2020 4c55 4b53 3120 616e 6420 4c55 LUKS1 and LU\n-00030180: 4b53 3220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656d KS2 support them\n-00030190: 292e 2020 4172 6775 6d65 6e74 2044 4556 ). Argument DEV\n-000301a0: 4943 4520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2073 ICE configures s\n-000301b0: 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 2020 2067 7275 pecific. gru\n-000301c0: 6220 6465 7669 6365 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 b device (*note \n-000301d0: 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f Naming conventio\n-000301e0: 6e3a 3a29 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 n::); option ...\n-000301f0: 2d75 e280 9920 5555 4944 0a20 2020 2020 -u... UUID. \n-00030200: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2064 6576 6963 configures devic\n-00030210: 6520 7769 7468 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 e with specified\n-00030220: 2055 5549 443b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 UUID; option ..\n-00030230: 982d 61e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 .-a... configure\n-00030240: 7320 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6574 6563 s all. detec\n-00030250: 7465 6420 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 ted encrypted de\n-00030260: 7669 6365 733b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 vices; option ..\n-00030270: 982d 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 .-b... configure\n-00030280: 7320 616c 6c20 6765 6c69 0a20 2020 2020 s all geli. \n-00030290: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2074 6861 7420 containers that \n-000302a0: 6861 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 666c 6167 2073 have boot flag s\n-000302b0: 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7669 6365 et... Device\n-000302c0: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 s are not allowe\n-000302d0: 6420 746f 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6173 d to be given as\n-000302e0: 206b 6579 2066 696c 6573 206e 6f72 2061 key files nor a\n-000302f0: 7320 6465 7461 6368 6564 0a20 2020 2020 s detached. \n-00030300: 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2048 header files. H\n-00030310: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6973 206c 696d owever, this lim\n-00030320: 6974 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2077 itation can be w\n-00030330: 6f72 6b65 6420 6172 6f75 6e64 2062 790a orked around by.\n-00030340: 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2062 6c6f 636b using block\n-00030350: 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 536f list syntax. So\n-00030360: 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 20e2 for instance, .\n-00030370: 8098 2868 6431 2c67 7074 3229 e280 9920 ..(hd1,gpt2)... \n-00030380: 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 can not be. \n-00030390: 7573 6564 2c20 6275 7420 e280 9828 6864 used, but ...(hd\n-000303a0: 312c 6770 7432 2930 2be2 8099 2077 696c 1,gpt2)0+... wil\n-000303b0: 6c20 6163 6869 6576 6520 7468 6520 6465 l achieve the de\n-000303c0: 7369 7265 6420 7265 7375 6c74 2e0a 0a20 sired result... \n-000303d0: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 7570 6f72 7473 GRUB suports\n-000303e0: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2065 6e63 7279 7074 devices encrypt\n-000303f0: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 204c 554b 532c 204c ed using LUKS, L\n-00030400: 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2067 656c 692e 2020 UKS2 and geli. \n-00030410: 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 206e Note. that n\n-00030420: 6563 6573 7361 7279 206d 6f64 756c 6573 ecessary modules\n-00030430: 2028 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 3220 616e (LUKS, LUKS2 an\n-00030440: 6420 4745 4c49 2920 6861 7665 2074 6f20 d GELI) have to \n-00030450: 6265 206c 6f61 6465 640a 2020 2020 206d be loaded. m\n-00030460: 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 666f 7265 2074 anually before t\n-00030470: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 his command can \n-00030480: 6265 2075 7365 642e 2020 466f 7220 4c55 be used. For LU\n-00030490: 4b53 3220 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 2020 KS2 only the. \n-000304a0: 2020 5042 4b44 4632 206b 6579 2064 6572 PBKDF2 key der\n-000304b0: 6976 6174 696f 6e20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e ivation function\n-000304c0: 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642c 2061 is supported, a\n-000304d0: 7320 4172 676f 6e32 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 s Argon2 is not \n-000304e0: 7965 740a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 yet. support\n-000304f0: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5375 6363 6573 ed... Succes\n-00030500: 7366 756c 6c79 2064 6563 7279 7074 6564 sfully decrypted\n-00030510: 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 206e 616d 6564 disks are named\n-00030520: 2061 7320 2863 7279 7074 6f58 2920 616e as (cryptoX) an\n-00030530: 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6372 d have. incr\n-00030540: 6561 7369 6e67 206e 756d 6572 6174 696f easing numeratio\n-00030550: 6e20 7375 6666 6978 2066 6f72 2065 6163 n suffix for eac\n-00030560: 6820 6e65 7720 6465 6372 7970 7465 6420 h new decrypted \n-00030570: 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 disk. If the. \n-00030580: 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 encrypted dis\n-00030590: 6b20 686f 7374 7320 736f 6d65 2068 6967 k hosts some hig\n-000305a0: 6865 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 2061 6273 her level of abs\n-000305b0: 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 2028 6c69 6b65 204c traction (like L\n-000305c0: 564d 3220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 4d44 5241 VM2 or. MDRA\n-000305d0: 4944 2920 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 ID) it will be c\n-000305e0: 7265 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2073 reated under a s\n-000305f0: 6570 6172 6174 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e eparate device n\n-00030600: 616d 6573 7061 6365 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 amespace in. \n-00030610: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 addition to the\n-00030620: 2063 7279 7074 6f64 6973 6b20 6e61 6d65 cryptodisk name\n-00030630: 7370 6163 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7570 space... Sup\n-00030640: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2065 port for plain e\n-00030650: 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2028 ncryption mode (\n-00030660: 706c 6169 6e20 646d 2d63 7279 7074 2920 plain dm-crypt) \n-00030670: 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 7669 610a is provided via.\n-00030680: 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 e280 separate ..\n-00030690: 982a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e .*note plainmoun\n-000306a0: 743a 3ae2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a t::... command..\n-000306b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000306c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7574 6d65 fo, Node: cutme\n-000306d0: 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 m, Next: date, \n-000306e0: 2050 7265 763a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 Prev: cryptomou\n-000306f0: 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nt, Up: Command\n-00030700: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00030710: 3137 2e34 2e31 3920 6375 746d 656d 0a2d 17.4.19 cutmem.-\n-00030720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00030730: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6375 746d -- Command: cutm\n-00030740: 656d 2066 726f 6d5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 2074 em from[K|M|G] t\n-00030750: 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 o[K|M|G]. Re\n-00030760: 6d6f 7665 2061 6e79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 move any memory \n-00030770: 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 696e 2073 7065 6369 regions in speci\n-00030780: 6669 6564 2072 616e 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 fied range... \n-00030790: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e This command n\n-000307a0: 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f otifies the memo\n-000307b0: 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 6861 7420 ry manager that \n-000307c0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e specified region\n-000307d0: 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 s of. RAM ou\n-000307e0: 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 ght to be filter\n-000307f0: 6564 206f 7574 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7265 ed out. This re\n-00030800: 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 6666 6563 7420 mains in effect \n-00030810: 6166 7465 7220 610a 2020 2020 2070 6179 after a. pay\n-00030820: 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 load kernel has \n-00030830: 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2047 been loaded by G\n-00030840: 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 RUB, as long as \n-00030850: 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 0a20 2020 2020 the loaded. \n-00030860: 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 kernel obtains i\n-00030870: 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 ts memory map fr\n-00030880: 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 om GRUB. Kernels\n-00030890: 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 that support th\n-000308a0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 696e 636c 7564 6520 is. include \n-000308b0: 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c Linux, GNU Mach,\n-000308c0: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 the kernel of F\n-000308d0: 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 reeBSD and Multi\n-000308e0: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c boot. kernel\n-000308f0: 7320 696e 2067 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 s in general... \n-00030900: 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 The command \n-00030910: 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 is similar to ..\n-00030920: 9862 6164 7261 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 .badram... comma\n-00030930: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 nd... Note: \n-00030940: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e The command is n\n-00030950: 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 ot allowed when \n-00030960: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f lockdown is enfo\n-00030970: 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 rced (*note. \n-00030980: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 Lockdown::). T\n-00030990: 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 656d his prevents rem\n-000309a0: 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 oving EFI memory\n-000309b0: 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 regions to. \n-000309c0: 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 7562 potentially sub\n-000309d0: 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 vert the securit\n-000309e0: 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 726f y mechanisms pro\n-000309f0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 4546 vided by the UEF\n-00030a00: 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f I. secure bo\n-00030a10: 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ot.....File: gru\n-00030a20: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 b.info, Node: d\n-00030a30: 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 7669 ate, Next: devi\n-00030a40: 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 cetree, Prev: c\n-00030a50: 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d utmem, Up: Comm\n-00030a60: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00030a70: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3230 2064 6174 650a s..17.4.20 date.\n-00030a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00030a90: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6174 6520 - Command: date \n-00030aa0: 5b5b 7965 6172 2d5d 6d6f 6e74 682d 6461 [[year-]month-da\n-00030ab0: 795d 205b 686f 7572 3a6d 696e 7574 655b y] [hour:minute[\n-00030ac0: 3a73 6563 6f6e 645d 5d0a 2020 2020 2057 :second]]. W\n-00030ad0: 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ith no arguments\n-00030ae0: 2c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 , print the curr\n-00030af0: 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 2074 696d ent date and tim\n-00030b00: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 e... Otherwi\n-00030b10: 7365 2c20 7461 6b65 2074 6865 2063 7572 se, take the cur\n-00030b20: 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 rent date and ti\n-00030b30: 6d65 2c20 6368 616e 6765 2061 6e79 2065 me, change any e\n-00030b40: 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 lements. spe\n-00030b50: 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 cified as argume\n-00030b60: 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 nts, and set the\n-00030b70: 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 2074 6865 206e result as the n\n-00030b80: 6577 2064 6174 6520 616e 640a 2020 2020 ew date and. \n-00030b90: 2074 696d 652e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d time. For exam\n-00030ba0: 706c 652c 2027 6461 7465 2030 312d 3031 ple, 'date 01-01\n-00030bb0: 2720 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2074 6865 2063 ' will set the c\n-00030bc0: 7572 7265 6e74 206d 6f6e 7468 2061 6e64 urrent month and\n-00030bd0: 2064 6179 0a20 2020 2020 746f 204a 616e day. to Jan\n-00030be0: 7561 7279 2031 2c20 6275 7420 6c65 6176 uary 1, but leav\n-00030bf0: 6520 7468 6520 7965 6172 2c20 686f 7572 e the year, hour\n-00030c00: 2c20 6d69 6e75 7465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 , minute, and se\n-00030c10: 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6368 616e cond. unchan\n-00030c20: 6765 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ged.....File: gr\n-00030c30: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00030c40: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 204e 6578 devicetree, Nex\n-00030c50: 743a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 5072 t: distrust, Pr\n-00030c60: 6576 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: date, Up: C\n-00030c70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00030c80: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3120 6465 ands..17.4.21 de\n-00030c90: 7669 6365 7472 6565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d vicetree.-------\n-00030ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00030cb0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6465 7669 6365 Command: device\n-00030cc0: 7472 6565 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c tree file. L\n-00030cd0: 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 oad a device tre\n-00030ce0: 6520 626c 6f62 2028 2e64 7462 2920 6672 e blob (.dtb) fr\n-00030cf0: 6f6d 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c om a filesystem,\n-00030d00: 2066 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2075 7365 2062 for later use b\n-00030d10: 790a 2020 2020 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b y. a Linux k\n-00030d20: 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 446f 6573 206e 6f74 ernel. Does not\n-00030d30: 2070 6572 666f 726d 206d 6572 6769 6e67 perform merging\n-00030d40: 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 6465 7669 6365 with any device\n-00030d50: 2074 7265 650a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706c tree. suppl\n-00030d60: 6965 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c ied by firmware,\n-00030d70: 2062 7574 2072 6174 6865 7220 7265 706c but rather repl\n-00030d80: 6163 6573 2069 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 aces it complete\n-00030d90: 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 ly... Note: \n-00030da0: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e The command is n\n-00030db0: 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 ot allowed when \n-00030dc0: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f lockdown is enfo\n-00030dd0: 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 rced (*note. \n-00030de0: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 Lockdown::). T\n-00030df0: 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 his is done to p\n-00030e00: 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 7665 7274 696e revent subvertin\n-00030e10: 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7365 6375 7269 g various securi\n-00030e20: 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 ty. mechanis\n-00030e30: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n-00030e40: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 b.info, Node: d\n-00030e50: 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 istrust, Next: \n-00030e60: 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 2050 7265 763a drivemap, Prev:\n-00030e70: 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 5570 devicetree, Up\n-00030e80: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00030e90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3232 ommands..17.4.22\n-00030ea0: 2064 6973 7472 7573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d distrust.------\n-00030eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00030ec0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6973 7472 7573 Command: distrus\n-00030ed0: 7420 7075 626b 6579 5f69 640a 2020 2020 t pubkey_id. \n-00030ee0: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 7075 626c 6963 206b Remove public k\n-00030ef0: 6579 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4944 2066 726f ey PUBKEY_ID fro\n-00030f00: 6d20 4752 5542 2773 206b 6579 7269 6e67 m GRUB's keyring\n-00030f10: 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 of trusted keys\n-00030f20: 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4944 .. PUBKEY_ID\n-00030f30: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2066 6f75 is the last fou\n-00030f40: 7220 6279 7465 7320 2865 6967 6874 2068 r bytes (eight h\n-00030f50: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 exadecimal digit\n-00030f60: 7329 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2047 s) of the. G\n-00030f70: 5047 2076 3420 6b65 7920 6964 2c20 7768 PG v4 key id, wh\n-00030f80: 6963 6820 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7468 6520 ich is also the \n-00030f90: 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 e280 986c 6973 output of ...lis\n-00030fa0: 745f 7472 7573 7465 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e t_trusted... (*n\n-00030fb0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206c 6973 745f 7472 ote. list_tr\n-00030fc0: 7573 7465 643a 3a29 2e20 204f 7574 7369 usted::). Outsi\n-00030fd0: 6465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 de of GRUB, the \n-00030fe0: 6b65 7920 6964 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f62 key id can be ob\n-00030ff0: 7461 696e 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 tained using. \n-00031000: 2020 e280 9867 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 ...gpg --finge\n-00031010: 7270 7269 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 2054 6865 rprint...). The\n-00031020: 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 se keys are used\n-00031030: 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2073 6967 to validate sig\n-00031040: 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2020 2020 2077 6865 natures. whe\n-00031050: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 n environment va\n-00031060: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f riable ...check_\n-00031070: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 signatures... is\n-00031080: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 set to ...enfor\n-00031090: 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 ce.... (*not\n-000310a0: 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 e check_signatur\n-000310b0: 6573 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2062 7920 736f es::), and by so\n-000310c0: 6d65 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 206f me invocations o\n-000310d0: 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7665 7269 6679 f. ...verify\n-000310e0: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e _detached... (*n\n-000310f0: 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 ote verify_detac\n-00031100: 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 hed::). *Note U\n-00031110: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 sing digital. \n-00031120: 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 signatures::, \n-00031130: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 for more informa\n-00031140: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-00031150: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00031160: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 4e65 7874 drivemap, Next\n-00031170: 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 : echo, Prev: d\n-00031180: 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f istrust, Up: Co\n-00031190: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-000311a0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3233 2064 7269 nds..17.4.23 dri\n-000311b0: 7665 6d61 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d vemap.----------\n-000311c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-000311d0: 616e 643a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 7020 2d6c and: drivemap -l\n-000311e0: 7c2d 727c 5b2d 735d 2066 726f 6d5f 6472 |-r|[-s] from_dr\n-000311f0: 6976 6520 746f 5f64 7269 7665 0a20 2020 ive to_drive. \n-00031200: 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e Without option\n-00031210: 732c 206d 6170 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 s, map the drive\n-00031220: 2046 524f 4d5f 4452 4956 4520 746f 2074 FROM_DRIVE to t\n-00031230: 6865 2064 7269 7665 2054 4f5f 4452 4956 he drive TO_DRIV\n-00031240: 452e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 E.. This is \n-00031250: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 7768 656e 2079 necessary when y\n-00031260: 6f75 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 736f ou chain-load so\n-00031270: 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 me operating sys\n-00031280: 7465 6d73 2c20 7375 6368 0a20 2020 2020 tems, such. \n-00031290: 6173 2044 4f53 2c20 6966 2073 7563 6820 as DOS, if such \n-000312a0: 616e 204f 5320 7265 7369 6465 7320 6174 an OS resides at\n-000312b0: 2061 206e 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 2064 7269 a non-first dri\n-000312c0: 7665 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 636f ve. For. co\n-000312d0: 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2061 6e79 2070 nvenience, any p\n-000312e0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7566 6669 7820 artition suffix \n-000312f0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2069 7320 on the drive is \n-00031300: 6967 6e6f 7265 642c 2073 6f20 796f 750a ignored, so you.\n-00031310: 2020 2020 2063 616e 2073 6166 656c 7920 can safely \n-00031320: 7573 6520 247b 726f 6f74 7d20 6173 2061 use ${root} as a\n-00031330: 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 drive specifica\n-00031340: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 tion... With\n-00031350: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6f70 the ...-s... op\n-00031360: 7469 6f6e 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 tion, perform th\n-00031370: 6520 7265 7665 7273 6520 6d61 7070 696e e reverse mappin\n-00031380: 6720 6173 2077 656c 6c2c 2073 7761 7070 g as well, swapp\n-00031390: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 776f ing. the two\n-000313a0: 2064 7269 7665 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 drives... W\n-000313b0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 ith the ...-l...\n-000313c0: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206c 6973 7420 7468 option, list th\n-000313d0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d61 7070 696e e current mappin\n-000313e0: 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 gs... With t\n-000313f0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d72 e280 9920 6f70 7469 he ...-r... opti\n-00031400: 6f6e 2c20 7265 7365 7420 616c 6c20 6d61 on, reset all ma\n-00031410: 7070 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 ppings to the de\n-00031420: 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6573 2e0a 0a20 fault values... \n-00031430: 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 653a For example:\n-00031440: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6976 .. driv\n-00031450: 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 emap -s (hd0) (h\n-00031460: 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4e4f 5445 3a20 d1).. NOTE: \n-00031470: 4f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f Only available o\n-00031480: 6e20 6933 3836 2d70 632e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 n i386-pc.....Fi\n-00031490: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000314a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 204e 6578 Node: echo, Nex\n-000314b0: 743a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 t: efitextmode, \n-000314c0: 2050 7265 763a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c Prev: drivemap,\n-000314d0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-000314e0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-000314f0: 342e 3234 2065 6368 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.24 echo.------\n-00031500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00031510: 616e 643a 2065 6368 6f20 5b2d 6e5d 205b and: echo [-n] [\n-00031520: 2d65 5d20 7374 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 -e] string .... \n-00031530: 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 Display the \n-00031540: 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 7465 7874 2061 requested text a\n-00031550: 6e64 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2074 6865 20e2 nd, unless the .\n-00031560: 8098 2d6e e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 ..-n... option i\n-00031570: 7320 7573 6564 2c20 610a 2020 2020 2074 s used, a. t\n-00031580: 7261 696c 696e 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 railing new line\n-00031590: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 206d . If there is m\n-000315a0: 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 7472 ore than one str\n-000315b0: 696e 672c 2074 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 ing, they are. \n-000315c0: 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 separated by \n-000315d0: 7370 6163 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f75 spaces in the ou\n-000315e0: 7470 7574 2e20 2041 7320 7573 7561 6c20 tput. As usual \n-000315f0: 696e 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 in GRUB commands\n-00031600: 2c0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 ,. variables\n-00031610: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7375 6273 7469 7475 may be substitu\n-00031620: 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 e280 9824 7b76 ted using ...${v\n-00031630: 6172 7de2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ar}...... Th\n-00031640: 6520 e280 982d 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-e... optio\n-00031650: 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 7320 696e 7465 7270 n enables interp\n-00031660: 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6261 636b retation of back\n-00031670: 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 7065 732e 2020 slash escapes. \n-00031680: 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 The. followi\n-00031690: 6e67 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2061 7265 ng sequences are\n-000316a0: 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 643a 0a0a 2020 recognised:.. \n-000316b0: 2020 20e2 8098 5c5c e280 990a 2020 2020 ...\\\\.... \n-000316c0: 2020 2020 2020 6261 636b 736c 6173 680a backslash.\n-000316d0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 61e2 8099 0a20 . ...\\a.... \n-000316e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c65 7274 2028 alert (\n-000316f0: 4245 4c29 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c63 BEL).. ...\\c\n-00031700: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 .... su\n-00031710: 7070 7265 7373 2074 7261 696c 696e 6720 ppress trailing \n-00031720: 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 new line.. .\n-00031730: 8098 5c66 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..\\f.... \n-00031740: 2020 666f 726d 2066 6565 640a 0a20 2020 form feed.. \n-00031750: 2020 e280 985c 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ...\\n.... \n-00031760: 2020 2020 206e 6577 206c 696e 650a 0a20 new line.. \n-00031770: 2020 2020 e280 985c 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...\\r.... \n-00031780: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 carriage \n-00031790: 7265 7475 726e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 return.. ...\n-000317a0: 5c74 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\t.... \n-000317b0: 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2074 6162 0a0a horizontal tab..\n-000317c0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c76 e280 990a 2020 ...\\v.... \n-000317d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7274 6963 616c vertical\n-000317e0: 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 tab.. When \n-000317f0: 696e 7465 7270 7265 7469 6e67 2062 6163 interpreting bac\n-00031800: 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 7363 6170 6573 2c20 kslash escapes, \n-00031810: 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 666f 6c6c 6f77 backslash follow\n-00031820: 6564 2062 7920 616e 790a 2020 2020 206f ed by any. o\n-00031830: 7468 6572 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2077 ther character w\n-00031840: 696c 6c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6174 2063 ill print that c\n-00031850: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c haracter.....Fil\n-00031860: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00031870: 6f64 653a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 ode: efitextmode\n-00031880: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 , Next: eval, \n-00031890: 5072 6576 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2055 703a Prev: echo, Up:\n-000318a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-000318b0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3520 mmands..17.4.25 \n-000318c0: 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 650a 2d2d 2d2d efitextmode.----\n-000318d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-000318e0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6566 . -- Command: ef\n-000318f0: 6974 6578 746d 6f64 6520 5b6d 696e 207c itextmode [min |\n-00031900: 206d 6178 207c 203c 6d6f 6465 5f6e 756d max | | ]. When use\n-00031930: 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 d with no argume\n-00031940: 6e74 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 6c6c nts displays all\n-00031950: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6578 7420 available text \n-00031960: 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 output. mode\n-00031970: 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7420 6d6f 6465 s. The set mode\n-00031980: 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 7320 7468 6520 determines the \n-00031990: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n-000319a0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 0a20 2020 of the text. \n-000319b0: 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7768 656e 2069 display when i\n-000319c0: 6e20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e 2020 416e n text mode. An\n-000319d0: 2061 7374 6572 6973 6b2c 20e2 8098 2ae2 asterisk, ...*.\n-000319e0: 8099 2c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6174 2074 .., will be at t\n-000319f0: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 he end of. t\n-00031a00: 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 he line of the c\n-00031a10: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2073 6574 206d 6f64 urrently set mod\n-00031a20: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 7665 e... If give\n-00031a30: 6e20 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 6172 616d n a single param\n-00031a40: 6574 6572 2c20 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 eter, it must be\n-00031a50: 20e2 8098 6d69 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 986d ...min..., ...m\n-00031a60: 6178 e280 992c 206f 7220 6120 6d6f 6465 ax..., or a mode\n-00031a70: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2067 6976 . number giv\n-00031a80: 656e 2062 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 696e en by the listin\n-00031a90: 6720 7768 656e 2072 756e 2077 6974 6820 g when run with \n-00031aa0: 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2e20 2054 no arguments. T\n-00031ab0: 6865 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6775 6d65 hese. argume\n-00031ac0: 6e74 7320 7365 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 nts set the mode\n-00031ad0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c to the minimum,\n-00031ae0: 206d 6178 696d 756d 2c20 616e 6420 7061 maximum, and pa\n-00031af0: 7274 6963 756c 6172 206d 6f64 650a 2020 rticular mode. \n-00031b00: 2020 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e respectively.\n-00031b10: 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 .. Otherwise\n-00031b20: 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6d75 , the command mu\n-00031b30: 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7477 6f20 st be given two \n-00031b40: 6e75 6d65 7269 6361 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 numerical argume\n-00031b50: 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 nts. specify\n-00031b60: 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 ing the columns \n-00031b70: 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 7468 6520 and rows of the \n-00031b80: 6465 7369 7265 6420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2053 desired mode. S\n-00031b90: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 pecifying a. \n-00031ba0: 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 columns and row\n-00031bb0: 7320 636f 6d62 696e 6174 696f 6e20 7468 s combination th\n-00031bc0: 6174 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 at corresponds t\n-00031bd0: 6f20 6e6f 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 206d o no supported m\n-00031be0: 6f64 652c 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 ode,. will r\n-00031bf0: 6574 7572 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 7574 eturn error, but\n-00031c00: 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2068 6176 6520 otherwise have \n-00031c10: 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 no effect... \n-00031c20: 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 4752 5542 By default GRUB\n-00031c30: 2077 696c 6c20 7374 6172 7420 696e 2077 will start in w\n-00031c40: 6861 7465 7665 7220 6d6f 6465 2074 6865 hatever mode the\n-00031c50: 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 EFI firmware. \n-00031c60: 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2e20 defaults to. \n-00031c70: 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 2066 6972 6d77 There are firmw\n-00031c80: 6172 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 7365 ares known to se\n-00031c90: 7420 7570 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 t up the default\n-00031ca0: 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 mode. such \n-00031cb0: 7468 6174 206f 7574 7075 7420 6265 6861 that output beha\n-00031cc0: 7665 7320 7374 7261 6e67 656c 792c 2066 ves strangely, f\n-00031cd0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6865 2063 or example the c\n-00031ce0: 7572 736f 7220 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ursor in the. \n-00031cf0: 2020 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c 206e 6576 GRUB shell nev\n-00031d00: 6572 2072 6561 6368 6573 2074 6865 2062 er reaches the b\n-00031d10: 6f74 746f 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6372 ottom of the scr\n-00031d20: 6565 6e20 6f72 2c20 7768 656e 2074 7970 een or, when typ\n-00031d30: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2063 6861 7261 6374 ing. charact\n-00031d40: 6572 7320 6174 2074 6865 2070 726f 6d70 ers at the promp\n-00031d50: 742c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6672 t, characters fr\n-00031d60: 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 636f 6d6d om previous comm\n-00031d70: 616e 6420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 and output. \n-00031d80: 6172 6520 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e2e are overwritten.\n-00031d90: 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d6f Setting the mo\n-00031da0: 6465 206d 6179 2066 6978 2074 6869 732e de may fix this.\n-00031db0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2045 4649 2073 .. The EFI s\n-00031dc0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 6179 pecification say\n-00031dd0: 7320 7468 6174 206d 6f64 6520 3020 6d75 s that mode 0 mu\n-00031de0: 7374 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 st be available \n-00031df0: 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 2020 636f and have. co\n-00031e00: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f lumns and rows o\n-00031e10: 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2032 3520 7265 7370 f 80 and 25 resp\n-00031e20: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e20 204d 6f64 6520 ectively. Mode \n-00031e30: 3120 6d61 7920 6265 2064 6566 696e 6564 1 may be defined\n-00031e40: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6966 2073 6f20 . and if so \n-00031e50: 6d75 7374 2068 6176 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e must have column\n-00031e60: 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 3830 s and rows of 80\n-00031e70: 2061 6e64 2035 3020 7265 7370 6563 7469 and 50 respecti\n-00031e80: 7665 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6e79 206f vely.. Any o\n-00031e90: 7468 6572 206d 6f64 6573 206d 6179 2068 ther modes may h\n-00031ea0: 6176 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 ave columns and \n-00031eb0: 726f 7773 2061 7262 6974 7261 7269 6c79 rows arbitrarily\n-00031ec0: 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 defined by. \n-00031ed0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 the firmware. \n-00031ee0: 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 This means that \n-00031ef0: 6120 6d6f 6465 2077 6974 6820 636f 6c75 a mode with colu\n-00031f00: 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 mns and rows of \n-00031f10: 3130 300a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2033 3120 100. and 31 \n-00031f20: 6f6e 206f 6e65 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 on one firmware \n-00031f30: 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 may be a differe\n-00031f40: 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f nt mode number o\n-00031f50: 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6665 7265 n a. differe\n-00031f60: 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6f72 206e nt firmware or n\n-00031f70: 6f74 2065 7869 7374 2061 7420 616c 6c2e ot exist at all.\n-00031f80: 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 6d6f 6465 Likewise, mode\n-00031f90: 206e 756d 6265 7220 3220 6f6e 0a20 2020 number 2 on. \n-00031fa0: 2020 6f6e 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 206d one firmware m\n-00031fb0: 6179 2068 6176 6520 6120 6469 6666 6572 ay have a differ\n-00031fc0: 656e 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 636f ent number of co\n-00031fd0: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 2074 lumns and rows t\n-00031fe0: 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 3220 han. mode 2 \n-00031ff0: 6f6e 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 on a different f\n-00032000: 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 536f 206f 6e65 irmware. So one\n-00032010: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 7265 6c79 should not rely\n-00032020: 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 on a. parti\n-00032030: 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 cular mode numbe\n-00032040: 7220 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 6520 6f66 2061 r or a mode of a\n-00032050: 2063 6572 7461 696e 206e 756d 6265 7220 certain number \n-00032060: 6f66 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 0a20 of columns and. \n-00032070: 2020 2020 726f 7773 2065 7869 7374 696e rows existin\n-00032080: 6720 6f6e 2061 6c6c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 g on all firmwar\n-00032090: 6573 2c20 6578 6365 7074 2066 6f72 206d es, except for m\n-000320a0: 6f64 6520 302e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 ode 0... Not\n-000320b0: 653a 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e: This command \n-000320c0: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c is only availabl\n-000320d0: 6520 6f6e 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 e on EFI platfor\n-000320e0: 6d73 2061 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 ms and is. s\n-000320f0: 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 4546 4920 7368 imilar to EFI sh\n-00032100: 656c 6c20 226d 6f64 6522 2063 6f6d 6d61 ell \"mode\" comma\n-00032110: 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 nd.....File: gru\n-00032120: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 b.info, Node: e\n-00032130: 7661 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6578 706f val, Next: expo\n-00032140: 7274 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 6669 7465 rt, Prev: efite\n-00032150: 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d xtmode, Up: Com\n-00032160: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00032170: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3620 6576 616c ds..17.4.26 eval\n-00032180: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n-00032190: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6576 616c -- Command: eval\n-000321a0: 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 string .... \n-000321b0: 2043 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7465 2061 7267 Concatenate arg\n-000321c0: 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f67 6574 6865 7220 uments together \n-000321d0: 7573 696e 6720 7369 6e67 6c65 2073 7061 using single spa\n-000321e0: 6365 2061 7320 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 ce as separator \n-000321f0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7661 6c75 6174 and. evaluat\n-00032200: 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2061 7320 7365 7175 e result as sequ\n-00032210: 656e 6365 206f 6620 4752 5542 2063 6f6d ence of GRUB com\n-00032220: 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 mands.....File: \n-00032230: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00032240: 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 204e 6578 743a : export, Next:\n-00032250: 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 false, Prev: e\n-00032260: 7661 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e val, Up: Comman\n-00032270: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00032280: 0a31 372e 342e 3237 2065 7870 6f72 740a .17.4.27 export.\n-00032290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-000322a0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 7870 -- Command: exp\n-000322b0: 6f72 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 2020 ort envvar. \n-000322c0: 4578 706f 7274 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 Export the envir\n-000322d0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-000322e0: 454e 5656 4152 2e20 2045 7870 6f72 7465 ENVVAR. Exporte\n-000322f0: 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 650a d variables are.\n-00032300: 2020 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 visible to \n-00032310: 7375 6273 6964 6961 7279 2063 6f6e 6669 subsidiary confi\n-00032320: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 206c guration files l\n-00032330: 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 oaded using. \n-00032340: 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 ...configfile..\n-00032350: 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ......File: grub\n-00032360: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 .info, Node: fa\n-00032370: 6c73 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6677 7365 lse, Next: fwse\n-00032380: 7475 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6578 706f tup, Prev: expo\n-00032390: 7274 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 rt, Up: Command\n-000323a0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-000323b0: 3137 2e34 2e32 3820 6661 6c73 650a 2d2d 17.4.28 false.--\n-000323c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-000323d0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6661 6c73 650a Command: false.\n-000323e0: 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c Do nothing,\n-000323f0: 2075 6e73 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e unsuccessfully.\n-00032400: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 This is mainly\n-00032410: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 useful in contr\n-00032420: 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 ol. construc\n-00032430: 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 6966 ts such as ...if\n-00032440: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 6869 6c65 ... and ...while\n-00032450: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c ... (*note Shell\n-00032460: 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a -like scripting:\n-00032470: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n-00032480: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 b.info, Node: f\n-00032490: 7773 6574 7570 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 wsetup, Next: g\n-000324a0: 6462 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 dbinfo, Prev: f\n-000324b0: 616c 7365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 alse, Up: Comma\n-000324c0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-000324d0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3920 6677 7365 7475 ..17.4.29 fwsetu\n-000324e0: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n-000324f0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00032500: 6677 7365 7475 7020 5b2d 2d69 732d 7375 fwsetup [--is-su\n-00032510: 7070 6f72 7465 645d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 pported]. Re\n-00032520: 626f 6f74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6669 boot into the fi\n-00032530: 726d 7761 7265 2073 6574 7570 206d 656e rmware setup men\n-00032540: 752e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 2d2d 6973 2d73 u. If ...--is-s\n-00032550: 7570 706f 7274 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 upported... opti\n-00032560: 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 on is. speci\n-00032570: 6669 6564 2c20 696e 7374 6561 6420 6368 fied, instead ch\n-00032580: 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 7220 7468 6520 eck whether the \n-00032590: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 firmware support\n-000325a0: 7320 6120 7365 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 0a20 s a setup menu. \n-000325b0: 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 6974 2073 7563 and exit suc\n-000325c0: 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 6f2e cessfully if so.\n-000325d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000325e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6764 6269 nfo, Node: gdbi\n-000325f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6765 7474 nfo, Next: gett\n-00032600: 6578 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6677 7365 ext, Prev: fwse\n-00032610: 7475 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e tup, Up: Comman\n-00032620: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00032630: 0a31 372e 342e 3330 2067 6462 696e 666f .17.4.30 gdbinfo\n-00032640: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00032650: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 .. -- Command: g\n-00032660: 6462 696e 666f 0a20 2020 2020 4f75 7470 dbinfo. Outp\n-00032670: 7574 2074 6578 7420 746f 2062 6520 7573 ut text to be us\n-00032680: 6564 2061 7320 6120 4744 4220 636f 6d6d ed as a GDB comm\n-00032690: 616e 6420 666f 7220 6120 4744 4220 7365 and for a GDB se\n-000326a0: 7373 696f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a ssion using the.\n-000326b0: 2020 2020 2067 6462 5f67 7275 6220 7363 gdb_grub sc\n-000326c0: 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2061 7474 6163 6865 ript and attache\n-000326d0: 6420 746f 2061 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2047 d to a running G\n-000326e0: 5255 4220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2e20 2054 RUB instance. T\n-000326f0: 6865 2047 4442 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d he GDB. comm\n-00032700: 616e 6420 7468 6174 2069 7320 6f75 7470 and that is outp\n-00032710: 7574 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 2047 4442 ut will tell GDB\n-00032720: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2064 6562 how to load deb\n-00032730: 7567 6769 6e67 2073 796d 626f 6c73 0a20 ugging symbols. \n-00032740: 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 6972 2070 726f to their pro\n-00032750: 7065 7220 7275 6e74 696d 6520 6164 6472 per runtime addr\n-00032760: 6573 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 ess. Currently \n-00032770: 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 this is only ava\n-00032780: 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 ilable. for \n-00032790: 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 EFI platforms. \n-000327a0: 5365 6520 7468 6520 4465 6275 6767 696e See the Debuggin\n-000327b0: 6720 696e 2074 6865 2064 6576 656c 6f70 g in the develop\n-000327c0: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 er. document\n-000327d0: 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 ation for more i\n-000327e0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n-000327f0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00032800: 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6574 7465 7874 2c20 Node: gettext, \n-00032810: 204e 6578 743a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 Next: gptsync, \n-00032820: 2050 7265 763a 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 Prev: gdbinfo, \n-00032830: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00032840: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00032850: 2e33 3120 6765 7474 6578 740a 2d2d 2d2d .31 gettext.----\n-00032860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00032870: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6765 7474 6578 Command: gettex\n-00032880: 7420 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5472 t string. Tr\n-00032890: 616e 736c 6174 6520 5354 5249 4e47 2069 anslate STRING i\n-000328a0: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 nto the current \n-000328b0: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 language... \n-000328c0: 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 The current lang\n-000328d0: 7561 6765 2063 6f64 6520 6973 2073 746f uage code is sto\n-000328e0: 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6c61 red in the ...la\n-000328f0: 6e67 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 ng... variable i\n-00032900: 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4227 7320 656e n. GRUB's en\n-00032910: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 vironment (*note\n-00032920: 206c 616e 673a 3a29 2e20 2054 7261 6e73 lang::). Trans\n-00032930: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 lation files in \n-00032940: 4d4f 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2020 2020 2061 MO format. a\n-00032950: 7265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 re read from ...\n-00032960: 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 e280 9920 282a locale_dir... (*\n-00032970: 6e6f 7465 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 723a note locale_dir:\n-00032980: 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 :), usually. \n-00032990: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c .../boot/grub/l\n-000329a0: 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ocale........Fil\n-000329b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000329c0: 6f64 653a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 204e ode: gptsync, N\n-000329d0: 6578 743a 2068 616c 742c 2020 5072 6576 ext: halt, Prev\n-000329e0: 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 5570 3a20 : gettext, Up: \n-000329f0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00032a00: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3332 2067 mands..17.4.32 g\n-00032a10: 7074 7379 6e63 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ptsync.---------\n-00032a20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00032a30: 616e 643a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2064 6576 and: gptsync dev\n-00032a40: 6963 6520 5b70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 5b2b ice [partition[+\n-00032a50: 2f2d 5b74 7970 655d 5d5d 202e 2e2e 0a20 /-[type]]] .... \n-00032a60: 2020 2020 4469 736b 7320 7573 696e 6720 Disks using \n-00032a70: 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 the GUID Partiti\n-00032a80: 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2061 on Table (GPT) a\n-00032a90: 6c73 6f20 6861 7665 2061 206c 6567 6163 lso have a legac\n-00032aa0: 790a 2020 2020 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f y. Master Bo\n-00032ab0: 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 ot Record (MBR) \n-00032ac0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 partition table \n-00032ad0: 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 for compatibilit\n-00032ae0: 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 y with the. \n-00032af0: 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2077 6974 6820 6f6c BIOS and with ol\n-00032b00: 6465 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 der operating sy\n-00032b10: 7374 656d 732e 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6761 stems. The lega\n-00032b20: 6379 204d 4252 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 790a cy MBR can only.\n-00032b30: 2020 2020 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 2061 represent a\n-00032b40: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2073 7562 7365 7420 limited subset \n-00032b50: 6f66 2047 5054 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e of GPT partition\n-00032b60: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 entries... \n-00032b70: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2070 6f70 This command pop\n-00032b80: 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 206c 6567 6163 ulates the legac\n-00032b90: 7920 4d42 5220 7769 7468 2074 6865 2073 y MBR with the s\n-00032ba0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2050 4152 5449 5449 pecified PARTITI\n-00032bb0: 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 6965 7320 ON. entries \n-00032bc0: 6f6e 2044 4556 4943 452e 2020 5570 2074 on DEVICE. Up t\n-00032bd0: 6f20 7468 7265 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f o three partitio\n-00032be0: 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a ns may be used..\n-00032bf0: 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 2069 7320 616e . TYPE is an\n-00032c00: 204d 4252 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 MBR partition t\n-00032c10: 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 7072 6566 6978 ype code; prefix\n-00032c20: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9830 78e2 8099 2069 with ...0x... i\n-00032c30: 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f0a 2020 f you want to. \n-00032c40: 2020 2065 6e74 6572 2074 6869 7320 696e enter this in\n-00032c50: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2e20 2054 hexadecimal. T\n-00032c60: 6865 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2062 6574 he separator bet\n-00032c70: 7765 656e 2050 4152 5449 5449 4f4e 2061 ween PARTITION a\n-00032c80: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 206d 6179 nd. TYPE may\n-00032c90: 2062 6520 e280 982b e280 9920 746f 206d be ...+... to m\n-00032ca0: 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f ake the partitio\n-00032cb0: 6e20 6163 7469 7665 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 n active, or ...\n-00032cc0: 2de2 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 740a -... to make it.\n-00032cd0: 2020 2020 2069 6e61 6374 6976 653b 206f inactive; o\n-00032ce0: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f nly one partitio\n-00032cf0: 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2061 6374 6976 652e n may be active.\n-00032d00: 2020 4966 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 7365 If both the se\n-00032d10: 7061 7261 746f 720a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 parator. and\n-00032d20: 2074 7970 6520 6172 6520 6f6d 6974 7465 type are omitte\n-00032d30: 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7274 d, then the part\n-00032d40: 6974 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e ition will be in\n-00032d50: 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a active.....File:\n-00032d60: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00032d70: 653a 2068 616c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: halt, Next: \n-00032d80: 6861 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 hashsum, Prev: \n-00032d90: 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 5570 3a20 436f gptsync, Up: Co\n-00032da0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00032db0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3333 2068 616c nds..17.4.33 hal\n-00032dc0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a t.------------..\n-00032dd0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 616c -- Command: hal\n-00032de0: 7420 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6d5d 0a20 2020 t [--no-apm]. \n-00032df0: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6861 The command ha\n-00032e00: 6c74 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 lts the computer\n-00032e10: 2e20 204f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 . On the i386-p\n-00032e20: 6320 7461 7267 6574 2c20 7468 650a 2020 c target, the. \n-00032e30: 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d e280 ...--no-apm..\n-00032e40: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2073 686f . option, or sho\n-00032e50: 7274 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 992c 2069 7320 rt ...-n..., is \n-00032e60: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 206e 6f20 4150 specified, no AP\n-00032e70: 4d20 4249 4f53 2063 616c 6c20 6973 0a20 M BIOS call is. \n-00032e80: 2020 2020 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 642e 2020 performed. \n-00032e90: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 2063 Otherwise, the c\n-00032ea0: 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6973 2073 6875 7420 omputer is shut \n-00032eb0: 646f 776e 2075 7369 6e67 2041 504d 206f down using APM o\n-00032ec0: 6e20 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 n that. targ\n-00032ed0: 6574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 et.....File: gru\n-00032ee0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 b.info, Node: h\n-00032ef0: 6173 6873 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 ashsum, Next: h\n-00032f00: 656c 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6861 6c74 elp, Prev: halt\n-00032f10: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00032f20: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00032f30: 2e34 2e33 3420 6861 7368 7375 6d0a 2d2d .4.34 hashsum.--\n-00032f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00032f50: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6861 7368 -- Command: hash\n-00032f60: 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2068 6173 6820 sum --hash hash \n-00032f70: 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 202d 2d75 --keep-going --u\n-00032f80: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 2d2d 6368 6563 ncompress --chec\n-00032f90: 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 k file. \n-00032fa0: 205b 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 2064 6972 5d7c [--prefix dir]|\n-00032fb0: 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 436f file .... Co\n-00032fc0: 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2076 6572 6966 7920 mpute or verify \n-00032fd0: 6669 6c65 2068 6173 6865 732e 2020 4861 file hashes. Ha\n-00032fe0: 7368 2074 7970 6520 6973 2073 656c 6563 sh type is selec\n-00032ff0: 7465 6420 7769 7468 206f 7074 696f 6e0a ted with option.\n-00033000: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 7368 e280 ...--hash..\n-00033010: 992e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6861 .. Supported ha\n-00033020: 7368 6573 2061 7265 3a20 e280 9861 646c shes are: ...adl\n-00033030: 6572 3332 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 6336 er32..., ...crc6\n-00033040: 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3332 e280 4..., ...crc32..\n-00033050: 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 7263 3332 .,. ...crc32\n-00033060: 7266 6331 3531 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 rfc1510..., ...c\n-00033070: 7263 3234 7266 6332 3434 30e2 8099 2c20 rc24rfc2440..., \n-00033080: e280 986d 6434 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6d64 ...md4..., ...md\n-00033090: 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 9872 6970 656d 6431 5..., ...ripemd1\n-000330a0: 3630 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6131 e280 60..., ...sha1..\n-000330b0: 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 6861 3232 .,. ...sha22\n-000330c0: 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3235 36e2 4..., ...sha256.\n-000330d0: 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3531 32e2 8099 .., ...sha512...\n-000330e0: 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3338 34e2 8099 2c20 , ...sha384..., \n-000330f0: e280 9874 6967 6572 3139 32e2 8099 2c20 ...tiger192..., \n-00033100: e280 9874 6967 6572 e280 992c 0a20 2020 ...tiger...,. \n-00033110: 2020 e280 9874 6967 6572 32e2 8099 2c20 ...tiger2..., \n-00033120: e280 9877 6869 726c 706f 6f6c e280 992e ...whirlpool....\n-00033130: 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e Option ...--un\n-00033140: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 e280 9920 756e 636f compress... unco\n-00033150: 6d70 7265 7373 6573 2066 696c 6573 0a20 mpresses files. \n-00033160: 2020 2020 6265 666f 7265 2063 6f6d 7075 before compu\n-00033170: 7469 6e67 2068 6173 682e 0a0a 2020 2020 ting hash... \n-00033180: 2057 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6669 When list of fi\n-00033190: 6c65 7320 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6861 les is given, ha\n-000331a0: 7368 206f 6620 6561 6368 2066 696c 6520 sh of each file \n-000331b0: 6973 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 6420 616e 640a is computed and.\n-000331c0: 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2c20 666f printed, fo\n-000331d0: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6669 6c65 206e llowed by file n\n-000331e0: 616d 652c 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 206f ame, each file o\n-000331f0: 6e20 6120 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a20 n a new line... \n-00033200: 2020 2020 5768 656e 206f 7074 696f 6e20 When option \n-00033210: e280 982d 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 6973 ...--check... is\n-00033220: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2070 6f69 6e74 given, it point\n-00033230: 7320 746f 2061 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 s to a file that\n-00033240: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 730a 2020 2020 206c contains. l\n-00033250: 6973 7420 6f66 2048 4153 4820 4e41 4d45 ist of HASH NAME\n-00033260: 2070 6169 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 pairs in the sa\n-00033270: 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6173 2075 7365 me format as use\n-00033280: 6420 6279 2055 4e49 5820 e280 986d 6435 d by UNIX ...md5\n-00033290: 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d sum.... comm\n-000332a0: 616e 642e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 and. Option ...\n-000332b0: 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 6d61 7920 --prefix... may \n-000332c0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 6976 6520 be used to give \n-000332d0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 650a directory where.\n-000332e0: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 206c files are l\n-000332f0: 6f63 6174 6564 2e20 2048 6173 6820 7665 ocated. Hash ve\n-00033300: 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 746f 7073 rification stops\n-00033310: 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 after the first\n-00033320: 0a20 2020 2020 6d69 736d 6174 6368 2077 . mismatch w\n-00033330: 6173 2066 6f75 6e64 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 as found unless \n-00033340: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6b65 6570 option ...--keep\n-00033350: 2d67 6f69 6e67 e280 9920 7761 7320 6769 -going... was gi\n-00033360: 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2065 ven. The. e\n-00033370: 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 8098 243f e280 xit code ...$?..\n-00033380: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 . is set to 0 if\n-00033390: 2068 6173 6820 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 hash verificati\n-000333a0: 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c on is successful\n-000333b0: 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 6661 . If. it fa\n-000333c0: 696c 732c 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 ils, ...$?... is\n-000333d0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 set to a nonzer\n-000333e0: 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 o value.....File\n-000333f0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00033400: 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: help, Next:\n-00033410: 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a hexdump, Prev:\n-00033420: 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 hashsum, Up: C\n-00033430: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00033440: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3520 6865 ands..17.4.35 he\n-00033450: 6c70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a lp.------------.\n-00033460: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 . -- Command: he\n-00033470: 6c70 205b 7061 7474 6572 6e20 2e2e 2e5d lp [pattern ...]\n-00033480: 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 6865 . Display he\n-00033490: 6c70 6675 6c20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f lpful informatio\n-000334a0: 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 6275 696c 7469 6e20 n about builtin \n-000334b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2049 6620 796f commands. If yo\n-000334c0: 7520 646f 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7370 u do not. sp\n-000334d0: 6563 6966 7920 5041 5454 4552 4e2c 2074 ecify PATTERN, t\n-000334e0: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 6f77 his command show\n-000334f0: 7320 7368 6f72 7420 6465 7363 7269 7074 s short descript\n-00033500: 696f 6e73 206f 6620 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 ions of all. \n-00033510: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 available comma\n-00033520: 6e64 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f nds... If yo\n-00033530: 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e 7920 5041 u specify any PA\n-00033540: 5454 4552 4e53 2c20 6974 2064 6973 706c TTERNS, it displ\n-00033550: 6179 7320 6c6f 6e67 6572 2069 6e66 6f72 ays longer infor\n-00033560: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 0a20 2020 mation about. \n-00033570: 2020 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f each of the co\n-00033580: 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 686f 7365 206e 616d mmands whose nam\n-00033590: 6573 2062 6567 696e 2077 6974 6820 7468 es begin with th\n-000335a0: 6f73 6520 5041 5454 4552 4e53 2e0a 0a1f ose PATTERNS....\n-000335b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000335c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 , Node: hexdump\n-000335d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c , Next: insmod,\n-000335e0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 2055 Prev: help, U\n-000335f0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00033600: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 commands..17.4.3\n-00033610: 3620 6865 7864 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6 hexdump.------\n-00033620: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00033630: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 7864 756d 7020 ommand: hexdump \n-00033640: 5b2d 2d73 6b69 7020 6f66 6673 6574 5d20 [--skip offset] \n-00033650: 5b2d 2d6c 656e 6774 6820 6c65 6e5d 2046 [--length len] F\n-00033660: 494c 455f 4f52 5f44 4556 4943 450a 2020 ILE_OR_DEVICE. \n-00033670: 2020 2053 686f 7720 7261 7720 636f 6e74 Show raw cont\n-00033680: 656e 7473 206f 6620 6120 6669 6c65 206f ents of a file o\n-00033690: 7220 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 r memory. When \n-000336a0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 option ...--skip\n-000336b0: e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7665 ... is. give\n-000336c0: 6e2c 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 n, ...offset... \n-000336d0: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6279 7465 7320 number of bytes \n-000336e0: 6172 6520 736b 6970 7065 6420 6672 6f6d are skipped from\n-000336f0: 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 the start of th\n-00033700: 650a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 6f72 e. device or\n-00033710: 2066 696c 6520 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 416e file given. An\n-00033720: 6420 e280 982d 2d6c 656e 6774 68e2 8099 d ...--length...\n-00033730: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7370 6563 6966 7969 allows specifyi\n-00033740: 6e67 2061 206d 6178 696d 756d 0a20 2020 ng a maximum. \n-00033750: 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6279 7465 number of byte\n-00033760: 7320 746f 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a0a s to be shown...\n-00033770: 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 7665 6e20 7468 If given th\n-00033780: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6465 7669 6365 e special device\n-00033790: 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 286d 656d 29e2 named ...(mem).\n-000337a0: 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 .., then the ...\n-000337b0: 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 6769 7665 6e0a offset... given.\n-000337c0: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 to ...--ski\n-000337d0: 70e2 8099 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 6420 p... is treated \n-000337e0: 6173 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f as the address o\n-000337f0: 6620 6120 6d65 6d6f 7279 206c 6f63 6174 f a memory locat\n-00033800: 696f 6e20 746f 2064 756d 700a 2020 2020 ion to dump. \n-00033810: 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 from.....File: \n-00033820: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00033830: 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 743a : insmod, Next:\n-00033840: 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 2050 7265 keystatus, Pre\n-00033850: 763a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 703a v: hexdump, Up:\n-00033860: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00033870: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3720 mmands..17.4.37 \n-00033880: 696e 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d insmod.---------\n-00033890: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-000338a0: 6e64 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c nd: insmod modul\n-000338b0: 650a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 7468 e. Insert th\n-000338c0: 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 6320 4752 5542 206d e dynamic GRUB m\n-000338d0: 6f64 756c 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 204d 4f44 odule called MOD\n-000338e0: 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ULE.....File: gr\n-000338f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00033900: 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 4e65 7874 keystatus, Next\n-00033910: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 : list_env, Pre\n-00033920: 763a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 v: insmod, Up: \n-00033930: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00033940: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3338 206b mands..17.4.38 k\n-00033950: 6579 7374 6174 7573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eystatus.-------\n-00033960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00033970: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206b 6579 7374 6174 Command: keystat\n-00033980: 7573 205b 2d2d 7368 6966 745d 205b 2d2d us [--shift] [--\n-00033990: 6374 726c 5d20 5b2d 2d61 6c74 5d0a 2020 ctrl] [--alt]. \n-000339a0: 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 Return true i\n-000339b0: 6620 7468 6520 5368 6966 742c 2043 6f6e f the Shift, Con\n-000339c0: 7472 6f6c 2c20 6f72 2041 6c74 206d 6f64 trol, or Alt mod\n-000339d0: 6966 6965 7220 6b65 7973 2061 7265 2068 ifier keys are h\n-000339e0: 656c 640a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e2c 2061 eld. down, a\n-000339f0: 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 6279 206f s requested by o\n-00033a00: 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 ptions. This is\n-00033a10: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2073 6372 6970 useful in scrip\n-00033a20: 7469 6e67 2c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 616c ting, to. al\n-00033a30: 6c6f 7720 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7220 636f low some user co\n-00033a40: 6e74 726f 6c20 6f76 6572 2062 6568 6176 ntrol over behav\n-00033a50: 696f 7572 2077 6974 686f 7574 2068 6176 iour without hav\n-00033a60: 696e 6720 746f 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 ing to wait for \n-00033a70: 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7072 6573 732e a. keypress.\n-00033a80: 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 696e 6720 .. Checking \n-00033a90: 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 key modifier sta\n-00033aa0: 7475 7320 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 tus is only supp\n-00033ab0: 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 706c orted on some pl\n-00033ac0: 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 atforms.. If\n-00033ad0: 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 686f 7574 invoked without\n-00033ae0: 2061 6e79 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 any options, th\n-00033af0: 6520 e280 986b 6579 7374 6174 7573 e280 e ...keystatus..\n-00033b00: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e . command return\n-00033b10: 730a 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 6966 2061 s. true if a\n-00033b20: 6e64 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2063 6865 636b nd only if check\n-00033b30: 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 ing key modifier\n-00033b40: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2073 7570 706f status is suppo\n-00033b50: 7274 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rted.....File: g\n-00033b60: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00033b70: 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 list_env, Next\n-00033b80: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 : list_trusted, \n-00033b90: 2050 7265 763a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 Prev: keystatus\n-00033ba0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00033bb0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00033bc0: 2e34 2e33 3920 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 0a2d .4.39 list_env.-\n-00033bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00033be0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 . -- Command: li\n-00033bf0: 7374 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 st_env [--file f\n-00033c00: 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 ile]. List a\n-00033c10: 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 ll variables in \n-00033c20: 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 the environment \n-00033c30: 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f block file. *No\n-00033c40: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7669 726f 6e6d te. Environm\n-00033c50: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 ent block::... \n-00033c60: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 The ...--file\n-00033c70: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 ... option overr\n-00033c80: 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ides the default\n-00033c90: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 location of the\n-00033ca0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n-00033cb0: 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 t block.....File\n-00033cc0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00033cd0: 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 de: list_trusted\n-00033ce0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 645f 656e , Next: load_en\n-00033cf0: 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 v, Prev: list_e\n-00033d00: 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nv, Up: Command\n-00033d10: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00033d20: 3137 2e34 2e34 3020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 17.4.40 list_tru\n-00033d30: 7374 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sted.-----------\n-00033d40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00033d50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 ommand: list_tru\n-00033d60: 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 sted. List a\n-00033d70: 6c6c 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2074 ll public keys t\n-00033d80: 7275 7374 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2066 rusted by GRUB f\n-00033d90: 6f72 2076 616c 6964 6174 696e 6720 7369 or validating si\n-00033da0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 gnatures.. T\n-00033db0: 6865 206f 7574 7075 7420 6973 2069 6e20 he output is in \n-00033dc0: 4750 4727 7320 7634 206b 6579 2066 696e GPG's v4 key fin\n-00033dd0: 6765 7270 7269 6e74 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 gerprint format \n-00033de0: 2869 2e65 2e2c 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 (i.e., the outpu\n-00033df0: 740a 2020 2020 206f 6620 e280 9867 7067 t. of ...gpg\n-00033e00: 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 e280 --fingerprint..\n-00033e10: 9929 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6561 7374 2073 .). The least s\n-00033e20: 6967 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 2066 6f75 7220 ignificant four \n-00033e30: 6279 7465 7320 286c 6173 740a 2020 2020 bytes (last. \n-00033e40: 2065 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d eight hexadecim\n-00033e50: 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 2063 616e 2062 al digits) can b\n-00033e60: 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 616e 2061 7267 e used as an arg\n-00033e70: 756d 656e 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6469 7374 ument to ...dist\n-00033e80: 7275 7374 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e rust.... (*n\n-00033e90: 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e ote distrust::).\n-00033ea0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 *Note Using di\n-00033eb0: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n-00033ec0: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 ::, for more. \n-00033ed0: 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 information ab\n-00033ee0: 6f75 7420 7573 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 out uses for the\n-00033ef0: 7365 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 se keys.....File\n-00033f00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00033f10: 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e de: load_env, N\n-00033f20: 6578 743a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 ext: loadfont, \n-00033f30: 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 Prev: list_trust\n-00033f40: 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ed, Up: Command\n-00033f50: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00033f60: 3137 2e34 2e34 3120 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 17.4.41 load_env\n-00033f70: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00033f80: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00033f90: 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 load_env [--file\n-00033fa0: 2066 696c 655d 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 file] [--skip-s\n-00033fb0: 6967 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b77 ig]. [w\n-00033fc0: 6869 7465 6c69 7374 6564 5f76 6172 6961 hitelisted_varia\n-00033fd0: 626c 655f 6e61 6d65 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 ble_name] .... \n-00033fe0: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 7661 7269 Load all vari\n-00033ff0: 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 ables from the e\n-00034000: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n-00034010: 2066 696c 6520 696e 746f 2074 6865 0a20 file into the. \n-00034020: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e environment.\n-00034030: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d *Note Environm\n-00034040: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 ent block::... \n-00034050: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 The ...--file\n-00034060: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 ... option overr\n-00034070: 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ides the default\n-00034080: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 location of the\n-00034090: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n-000340a0: 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 t block... T\n-000340b0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 he ...--skip-sig\n-000340c0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 6b69 7073 ... option skips\n-000340d0: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b signature check\n-000340e0: 696e 6720 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 7468 ing even when th\n-000340f0: 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 e. value of \n-00034100: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00034110: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 able ...check_si\n-00034120: 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 gnatures... is s\n-00034130: 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656e et to. ...en\n-00034140: 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 force... (*note \n-00034150: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n-00034160: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6f6e ::)... If on\n-00034170: 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 7661 7269 6162 e or more variab\n-00034180: 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2070 726f le names are pro\n-00034190: 7669 6465 6420 6173 2061 7267 756d 656e vided as argumen\n-000341a0: 7473 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 ts, they are. \n-000341b0: 2020 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 interpreted as\n-000341c0: 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 206f 6620 a whitelist of \n-000341d0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f 206c 6f61 variables to loa\n-000341e0: 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 d from the. \n-000341f0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n-00034200: 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 2056 6172 6961 626c k file. Variabl\n-00034210: 6573 2073 6574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 es set in the fi\n-00034220: 6c65 2062 7574 206e 6f74 2070 7265 7365 le but not prese\n-00034230: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 2077 nt. in the w\n-00034240: 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2061 7265 2069 676e hitelist are ign\n-00034250: 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ored... The \n-00034260: e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 ...--skip-sig...\n-00034270: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 option should b\n-00034280: 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 6361 7265 e used with care\n-00034290: 2c20 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 6c77 , and should alw\n-000342a0: 6179 730a 2020 2020 2062 6520 7573 6564 ays. be used\n-000342b0: 2069 6e20 636f 6e63 6572 7420 7769 7468 in concert with\n-000342c0: 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 206f 6620 a whitelist of \n-000342d0: 6163 6365 7074 6162 6c65 2076 6172 6961 acceptable varia\n-000342e0: 626c 6573 2077 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 bles whose. \n-000342f0: 7661 6c75 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 values should be\n-00034300: 2073 6574 2e20 2046 6169 6c75 7265 2074 set. Failure t\n-00034310: 6f20 656d 706c 6f79 2061 2063 6172 6566 o employ a caref\n-00034320: 756c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 ully constructed\n-00034330: 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 . whitelist \n-00034340: 636f 756c 6420 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 could result in \n-00034350: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6120 6d61 6c69 6369 reading a malici\n-00034360: 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 6520 696e 746f 2063 ous value into c\n-00034370: 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 ritical. env\n-00034380: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00034390: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 es from the file\n-000343a0: 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7365 7474 696e , such as settin\n-000343b0: 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f g. ...check_\n-000343c0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e 6fe2 8099 signatures=no...\n-000343d0: 2c20 6d6f 6469 6679 696e 6720 e280 9870 , modifying ...p\n-000343e0: 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 refix... to boot\n-000343f0: 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 2020 756e from an. un\n-00034400: 6578 7065 6374 6564 206c 6f63 6174 696f expected locatio\n-00034410: 6e20 6f72 206e 6f74 2061 7420 616c 6c2c n or not at all,\n-00034420: 2065 7463 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e etc... When\n-00034430: 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c used with care,\n-00034440: 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 ...--skip-sig..\n-00034450: 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 6974 656c . and the whitel\n-00034460: 6973 7420 656e 6162 6c65 2061 6e0a 2020 ist enable an. \n-00034470: 2020 2061 646d 696e 6973 7472 6174 6f72 administrator\n-00034480: 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 6120 to configure a \n-00034490: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f system to boot o\n-000344a0: 6e6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 nly signed. \n-000344b0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 configurations, \n-000344c0: 6275 7420 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 but to allow the\n-000344d0: 2075 7365 7220 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 user to select \n-000344e0: 6672 6f6d 2061 6d6f 6e67 206d 756c 7469 from among multi\n-000344f0: 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ple. configu\n-00034500: 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 rations, and to \n-00034510: 656e 6162 6c65 2022 6f6e 652d 7368 6f74 enable \"one-shot\n-00034520: 2220 626f 6f74 2061 7474 656d 7074 7320 \" boot attempts \n-00034530: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2022 7361 7665 6465 and. \"savede\n-00034540: 6661 756c 7422 2062 6568 6176 696f 722e fault\" behavior.\n-00034550: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 *Note Using di\n-00034560: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n-00034570: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 ::, for more. \n-00034580: 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a information...\n-00034590: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000345a0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f o, Node: loadfo\n-000345b0: 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f6f 7062 nt, Next: loopb\n-000345c0: 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 ack, Prev: load\n-000345d0: 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 _env, Up: Comma\n-000345e0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-000345f0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3220 6c6f 6164 666f ..17.4.42 loadfo\n-00034600: 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nt.-------------\n-00034610: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00034620: 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6520 : loadfont file \n-00034630: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7370 .... Load sp\n-00034640: 6563 6966 6965 6420 666f 6e74 2066 696c ecified font fil\n-00034650: 6573 2e20 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 6162 736f es. Unless abso\n-00034660: 6c75 7465 2070 6174 686e 616d 6520 6973 lute pathname is\n-00034670: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 given, FILE. \n-00034680: 2020 6973 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 is assumed to \n-00034690: 6265 2069 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 be in directory \n-000346a0: e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 2f66 6f6e 7473 ...$prefix/fonts\n-000346b0: e280 9920 7769 7468 2073 7566 6669 7820 ... with suffix \n-000346c0: e280 982e 7066 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ....pf2.... \n-000346d0: 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 appended. *Note\n-000346e0: 2046 6f6e 7473 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 Fonts: Theme fi\n-000346f0: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 le format.....Fi\n-00034700: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00034710: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 Node: loopback, \n-00034720: 204e 6578 743a 206c 732c 2020 5072 6576 Next: ls, Prev\n-00034730: 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 2055 703a : loadfont, Up:\n-00034740: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00034750: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3320 mmands..17.4.43 \n-00034760: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d loopback.-------\n-00034770: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00034780: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b ommand: loopback\n-00034790: 205b 2d64 5d20 5b2d 445d 2064 6576 6963 [-d] [-D] devic\n-000347a0: 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 e file. Make\n-000347b0: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 the device name\n-000347c0: 6420 4445 5649 4345 2063 6f72 7265 7370 d DEVICE corresp\n-000347d0: 6f6e 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 ond to the conte\n-000347e0: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 nts of the. \n-000347f0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 filesystem image\n-00034800: 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 in FILE. For e\n-00034810: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 xample:.. \n-00034820: 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6c6f 6f70 loopback loop\n-00034830: 3020 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f69 6d61 6765 0 /path/to/image\n-00034840: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 7320 286c . ls (l\n-00034850: 6f6f 7030 292f 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7065 oop0)/.. Spe\n-00034860: 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d cifying the ...-\n-00034870: 44e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 616c 6c6f D... option allo\n-00034880: 7773 2074 6865 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 ws the loopback \n-00034890: 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 file to be. \n-000348a0: 7472 616e 7061 7265 6e74 6c79 2064 6563 tranparently dec\n-000348b0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 ompressed if the\n-000348c0: 7265 2069 7320 616e 2061 7070 726f 7072 re is an appropr\n-000348d0: 6961 7465 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f iate decompresso\n-000348e0: 720a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a r. loaded...\n-000348f0: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 With the ..\n-00034900: 982d 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2064 .-d... option, d\n-00034910: 656c 6574 6520 6120 6465 7669 6365 2070 elete a device p\n-00034920: 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 6372 6561 7465 reviously create\n-00034930: 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 2020 d using this. \n-00034940: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 command.....Fi\n-00034950: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00034960: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a Node: ls, Next:\n-00034970: 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2050 7265 763a lsfonts, Prev:\n-00034980: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 loopback, Up: \n-00034990: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-000349a0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3434 206c mands..17.4.44 l\n-000349b0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d s.----------.. -\n-000349c0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 7320 5b61 - Command: ls [a\n-000349d0: 7267 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 rg ...]. Lis\n-000349e0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 6f72 2066 696c t devices or fil\n-000349f0: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e es... With n\n-00034a00: 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 7269 o arguments, pri\n-00034a10: 6e74 2061 6c6c 2064 6576 6963 6573 206b nt all devices k\n-00034a20: 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 nown to GRUB... \n-00034a30: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d If the argum\n-00034a40: 656e 7420 6973 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 ent is a device \n-00034a50: 6e61 6d65 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 696e name enclosed in\n-00034a60: 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 2028 2a6e parentheses (*n\n-00034a70: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2044 6576 6963 6520 ote. Device \n-00034a80: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 syntax::), then \n-00034a90: 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f print the name o\n-00034aa0: 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d f the filesystem\n-00034ab0: 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6465 of that. de\n-00034ac0: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 vice... If t\n-00034ad0: 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 he argument is a\n-00034ae0: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2067 6976 656e directory given\n-00034af0: 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 as an absolute \n-00034b00: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2028 file name. (\n-00034b10: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 *note File name \n-00034b20: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 syntax::), then \n-00034b30: 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 list the content\n-00034b40: 7320 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2064 s of that. d\n-00034b50: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c irectory.....Fil\n-00034b60: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00034b70: 6f64 653a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 204e ode: lsfonts, N\n-00034b80: 6578 743a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 ext: lsmod, Pre\n-00034b90: 763a 206c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d v: ls, Up: Comm\n-00034ba0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00034bb0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3435 206c 7366 6f6e s..17.4.45 lsfon\n-00034bc0: 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ts.-------------\n-00034bd0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00034be0: 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 lsfonts. Li\n-00034bf0: 7374 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732e st loaded fonts.\n-00034c00: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00034c10: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 6d6f nfo, Node: lsmo\n-00034c20: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d64 3573 756d d, Next: md5sum\n-00034c30: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 , Prev: lsfonts\n-00034c40: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00034c50: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00034c60: 2e34 2e34 3620 6c73 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d .4.46 lsmod.----\n-00034c70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00034c80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 6d6f 640a 2020 ommand: lsmod. \n-00034c90: 2020 2053 686f 7720 6c69 7374 206f 6620 Show list of \n-00034ca0: 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a loaded modules..\n-00034cb0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00034cc0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 6435 7375 fo, Node: md5su\n-00034cd0: 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 m, Next: module\n-00034ce0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 , Prev: lsmod, \n-00034cf0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00034d00: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00034d10: 2e34 3720 6d64 3573 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .47 md5sum.-----\n-00034d20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00034d30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2061 ommand: md5sum a\n-00034d40: 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 rg .... Alia\n-00034d50: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d s for ...hashsum\n-00034d60: 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6d64 3520 6172 6720 --hash md5 arg \n-00034d70: 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d ....... See com\n-00034d80: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 mand ...hashsum.\n-00034d90: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 ... (*note h\n-00034da0: 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 ashsum::) for fu\n-00034db0: 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a ll description..\n-00034dc0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00034dd0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c fo, Node: modul\n-00034de0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 e, Next: multib\n-00034df0: 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d64 3573 oot, Prev: md5s\n-00034e00: 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 um, Up: Command\n-00034e10: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00034e20: 3137 2e34 2e34 3820 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 17.4.48 module.-\n-00034e30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00034e40: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d6f 6475 -- Command: modu\n-00034e50: 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d 2066 le [--nounzip] f\n-00034e60: 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d0a ile [arguments].\n-00034e70: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f 6475 Load a modu\n-00034e80: 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 le for multiboot\n-00034e90: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652e 2020 kernel image. \n-00034ea0: 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 The rest of the \n-00034eb0: 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 line is. pas\n-00034ec0: 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 sed verbatim as \n-00034ed0: 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 the module comma\n-00034ee0: 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nd line.....File\n-00034ef0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00034f00: 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 de: multiboot, \n-00034f10: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b Next: nativedisk\n-00034f20: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 6f64 756c 652c , Prev: module,\n-00034f30: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00034f40: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00034f50: 342e 3439 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a2d 4.49 multiboot.-\n-00034f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00034f70: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d .. -- Command: m\n-00034f80: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 205b 2d2d 7175 6972 ultiboot [--quir\n-00034f90: 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 6765 5d0a 2020 k-bad-kludge]. \n-00034fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d71 7569 726b [--quirk\n-00034fb0: 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 6674 6572 2d6b -modules-after-k\n-00034fc0: 6572 6e65 6c5d 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a ernel] file ....\n-00034fd0: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 Load a mult\n-00034fe0: 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 iboot kernel ima\n-00034ff0: 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 ge from FILE. T\n-00035000: 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c he rest of the l\n-00035010: 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 ine is. pass\n-00035020: 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 ed verbatim as t\n-00035030: 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d he ...kernel com\n-00035040: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 mand-line.... A\n-00035050: 6e79 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 ny module must b\n-00035060: 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 e. reloaded \n-00035070: 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 after using this\n-00035080: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n-00035090: 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 module::)... \n-000350a0: 2053 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6861 Some kernels ha\n-000350b0: 7665 206b 6e6f 776e 2070 726f 626c 656d ve known problem\n-000350c0: 732e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 s. You need to \n-000350d0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 2d71 7569 726b 2d2a specify -quirk-*\n-000350e0: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6f73 652e for. those.\n-000350f0: 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 6164 2d6b 6c75 -quirk-bad-klu\n-00035100: 6467 6520 6973 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d dge is a problem\n-00035110: 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c seen in several\n-00035120: 2070 726f 6475 6374 730a 2020 2020 2074 products. t\n-00035130: 6861 7420 7468 6579 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 hat they include\n-00035140: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206b 6c75 6467 6520 loading kludge \n-00035150: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7769 7468 information with\n-00035160: 2069 6e76 616c 6964 2064 6174 6120 696e invalid data in\n-00035170: 0a20 2020 2020 454c 4620 6669 6c65 2e20 . ELF file. \n-00035180: 2047 5255 4220 7072 696f 7220 746f 2030 GRUB prior to 0\n-00035190: 2e39 3720 616e 6420 736f 6d65 2063 7573 .97 and some cus\n-000351a0: 746f 6d20 6275 696c 6473 2070 7265 6665 tom builds prefe\n-000351b0: 7272 6564 2045 4c46 0a20 2020 2020 696e rred ELF. in\n-000351c0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7768 696c 6520 formation while \n-000351d0: 302e 3937 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 3220 0.97 and GRUB 2 \n-000351e0: 7573 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 2055 7365 use kludge. Use\n-000351f0: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a this option to.\n-00035200: 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6520 6b6c 7564 ignore klud\n-00035210: 6765 2e20 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 6563 ge. Known affec\n-00035220: 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 206f 6c64 ted systems: old\n-00035230: 2053 6f6c 6172 6973 2c20 536b 794f 532e Solaris, SkyOS.\n-00035240: 0a0a 2020 2020 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 6d6f .. -quirk-mo\n-00035250: 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d 6b65 726e dules-after-kern\n-00035260: 656c 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 el is needed for\n-00035270: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2077 6869 6368 206c kernels which l\n-00035280: 6f61 6420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c61 oad at. rela\n-00035290: 7469 7665 6c79 2068 6967 6820 6164 6472 tively high addr\n-000352a0: 6573 7320 652e 672e 2020 3136 4d69 4220 ess e.g. 16MiB \n-000352b0: 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2774 2063 mark and can't c\n-000352c0: 6f70 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f ope with. mo\n-000352d0: 6475 6c65 7320 7374 7566 6665 6420 6265 dules stuffed be\n-000352e0: 7477 6565 6e20 314d 6942 206d 6172 6b20 tween 1MiB mark \n-000352f0: 616e 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 and beginning of\n-00035300: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 the kernel.. \n-00035310: 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6674 6563 7465 Known afftecte\n-00035320: 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 2056 4d57 6172 d systems: VMWar\n-00035330: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-00035340: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e61 .info, Node: na\n-00035350: 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 204e 6578 743a tivedisk, Next:\n-00035360: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 normal, Prev: \n-00035370: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 multiboot, Up: \n-00035380: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00035390: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3530 206e mands..17.4.50 n\n-000353a0: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ativedisk.------\n-000353b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-000353c0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6174 6976 - Command: nativ\n-000353d0: 6564 6973 6b0a 2020 2020 2053 7769 7463 edisk. Switc\n-000353e0: 6820 6672 6f6d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 h from firmware \n-000353f0: 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7273 2074 6f20 disk drivers to \n-00035400: 6e61 7469 7665 206f 6e65 732e 2020 5265 native ones. Re\n-00035410: 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 ally useful. \n-00035420: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 only on platfor\n-00035430: 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2062 6f74 6820 6669 ms where both fi\n-00035440: 726d 7761 7265 2061 6e64 206e 6174 6976 rmware and nativ\n-00035450: 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 6172 e disk drives ar\n-00035460: 650a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 e. available\n-00035470: 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 3338 . Currently i38\n-00035480: 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d65 6669 2c20 6-pc, i386-efi, \n-00035490: 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 3237 3520 616e i386-ieee1275 an\n-000354a0: 640a 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 d. x86_64-ef\n-000354b0: 692e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 i.....File: grub\n-000354c0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f .info, Node: no\n-000354d0: 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6f72 rmal, Next: nor\n-000354e0: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 2050 7265 763a mal_exit, Prev:\n-000354f0: 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 5570 nativedisk, Up\n-00035500: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00035510: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3531 ommands..17.4.51\n-00035520: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d normal.--------\n-00035530: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00035540: 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 5b66 696c and: normal [fil\n-00035550: 655d 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 6e6f e]. Enter no\n-00035560: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 6469 rmal mode and di\n-00035570: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d splay the GRUB m\n-00035580: 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 6e6f enu... In no\n-00035590: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6d 6d61 rmal mode, comma\n-000355a0: 6e64 732c 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 nds, filesystem \n-000355b0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2063 7279 modules, and cry\n-000355c0: 7074 6f67 7261 7068 790a 2020 2020 206d ptography. m\n-000355d0: 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2061 7574 6f6d odules are autom\n-000355e0: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 642c atically loaded,\n-000355f0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 4752 and the full GR\n-00035600: 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 7061 7273 6572 UB script parser\n-00035610: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 . is availab\n-00035620: 6c65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c le. Other modul\n-00035630: 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 6578 706c 6963 es may be explic\n-00035640: 6974 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e itly loaded usin\n-00035650: 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 g. ...insmod\n-00035660: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f ... (*note insmo\n-00035670: 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 d::)... If a\n-00035680: 2046 494c 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 FILE is given, \n-00035690: 7468 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 then commands wi\n-000356a0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 ll be read from \n-000356b0: 7468 6174 2066 696c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 that file.. \n-000356c0: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 7920 Otherwise, they \n-000356d0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f will be read fro\n-000356e0: 6d20 e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 2f67 7275 m ...$prefix/gru\n-000356f0: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 6620 6974 2065 b.cfg... if it e\n-00035700: 7869 7374 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 xists... ...\n-00035710: 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d61 7920 6265 normal... may be\n-00035720: 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 called from wit\n-00035730: 6869 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c hin normal mode,\n-00035740: 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 6e65 7374 creating a nest\n-00035750: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d ed. environm\n-00035760: 656e 742e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 ent. It is more\n-00035770: 2075 7375 616c 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 usual to use ..\n-00035780: 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2028 .configfile... (\n-00035790: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 *note. confi\n-000357a0: 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2066 6f72 2074 6869 gfile::) for thi\n-000357b0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-000357c0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f .info, Node: no\n-000357d0: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 4e65 7874 rmal_exit, Next\n-000357e0: 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 2050 7265 : parttool, Pre\n-000357f0: 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 v: normal, Up: \n-00035800: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00035810: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3532 206e mands..17.4.52 n\n-00035820: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ormal_exit.-----\n-00035830: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00035840: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 -- Command: nor\n-00035850: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 4578 mal_exit. Ex\n-00035860: 6974 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 it normal mode (\n-00035870: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e *note normal::).\n-00035880: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 696e 7374 616e If this instan\n-00035890: 6365 206f 6620 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 ce of normal mod\n-000358a0: 650a 2020 2020 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206e e. was not n\n-000358b0: 6573 7465 6420 7769 7468 696e 2061 6e6f ested within ano\n-000358c0: 7468 6572 206f 6e65 2c20 7468 656e 2072 ther one, then r\n-000358d0: 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2072 6573 6375 6520 eturn to rescue \n-000358e0: 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 mode.....File: g\n-000358f0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00035900: 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 parttool, Next\n-00035910: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2050 7265 : password, Pre\n-00035920: 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 v: normal_exit, \n-00035930: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00035940: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00035950: 2e35 3320 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 0a2d 2d2d .53 parttool.---\n-00035960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00035970: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7274 -- Command: part\n-00035980: 746f 6f6c 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 tool partition c\n-00035990: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 204d 616b ommands. Mak\n-000359a0: 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 e various modifi\n-000359b0: 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2070 6172 7469 cations to parti\n-000359c0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 tion table entri\n-000359d0: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4561 6368 2043 es... Each C\n-000359e0: 4f4d 4d41 4e44 2069 7320 6569 7468 6572 OMMAND is either\n-000359f0: 2061 2062 6f6f 6c65 616e 206f 7074 696f a boolean optio\n-00035a00: 6e2c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 n, in which case\n-00035a10: 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 it must be. \n-00035a20: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 7769 7468 20e2 followed with .\n-00035a30: 8098 2be2 8099 206f 7220 e280 982d e280 ..+... or ...-..\n-00035a40: 9920 2877 6974 6820 6e6f 2069 6e74 6572 . (with no inter\n-00035a50: 7665 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2920 746f vening space) to\n-00035a60: 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 enable or. \n-00035a70: 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6174 206f 7074 disable that opt\n-00035a80: 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 656c 7365 2069 7420 ion, or else it \n-00035a90: 7461 6b65 7320 6120 7661 6c75 6520 696e takes a value in\n-00035aa0: 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d0a 2020 2020 20e2 the form. .\n-00035ab0: 8098 434f 4d4d 414e 443d 5641 4c55 45e2 ..COMMAND=VALUE.\n-00035ac0: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e ..... Curren\n-00035ad0: 746c 792c 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c tly, ...parttool\n-00035ae0: e280 9920 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 ... is only usef\n-00035af0: 756c 206f 6e20 444f 5320 7061 7274 6974 ul on DOS partit\n-00035b00: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 2028 616c 736f ion tables (also\n-00035b10: 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6173 204d . known as M\n-00035b20: 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 aster Boot Recor\n-00035b30: 642c 206f 7220 4d42 5229 2e20 4f6e 2074 d, or MBR). On t\n-00035b40: 6865 7365 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 hese partition t\n-00035b50: 6162 6c65 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ables,. the \n-00035b60: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e following comman\n-00035b70: 6473 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ds are available\n-00035b80: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 :.. ...boot.\n-00035b90: 8099 2028 626f 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 .. (boolean). \n-00035ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 656e 6162 When enab\n-00035bb0: 6c65 642c 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 led, this makes \n-00035bc0: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 the selected par\n-00035bd0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6520 7468 6520 6163 tition be the ac\n-00035be0: 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 tive. (\n-00035bf0: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2920 7061 7274 6974 bootable) partit\n-00035c00: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 7473 2064 6973 6b2c ion on its disk,\n-00035c10: 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 6520 6163 clearing the ac\n-00035c20: 7469 7665 2066 6c61 6720 6f6e 0a20 2020 tive flag on. \n-00035c30: 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 all other\n-00035c40: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 partitions. Th\n-00035c50: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6c69 is command is li\n-00035c60: 6d69 7465 6420 746f 205f 7072 696d 6172 mited to _primar\n-00035c70: 795f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 y_. par\n-00035c80: 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 titions... .\n-00035c90: 8098 7479 7065 e280 9920 2876 616c 7565 ..type... (value\n-00035ca0: 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 616e ). Chan\n-00035cb0: 6765 2074 6865 2074 7970 6520 6f66 2061 ge the type of a\n-00035cc0: 6e20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2070 6172 7469 n existing parti\n-00035cd0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 tion. The value\n-00035ce0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 0a20 2020 2020 must be a. \n-00035cf0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 number in t\n-00035d00: 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 2d30 7846 4620 he range 0-0xFF \n-00035d10: 2870 7265 6669 7820 7769 7468 20e2 8098 (prefix with ...\n-00035d20: 3078 e280 9920 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2069 0x... to enter i\n-00035d30: 7420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 t in. h\n-00035d40: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 292e 0a0a 2020 exadecimal)... \n-00035d50: 2020 20e2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 9920 ...hidden... \n-00035d60: 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 2020 (boolean). \n-00035d70: 2020 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c 6564 When enabled\n-00035d80: 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6964 6573 2074 6865 , this hides the\n-00035d90: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 selected partit\n-00035da0: 696f 6e20 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 ion by setting t\n-00035db0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 20e2 809c he. ...\n-00035dc0: 6869 6464 656e e280 9d20 6269 7420 696e hidden... bit in\n-00035dd0: 2069 7473 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 its partition t\n-00035de0: 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 7768 656e 2064 ype code; when d\n-00035df0: 6973 6162 6c65 642c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 isabled,. \n-00035e00: 2020 2075 6e68 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 unhides the s\n-00035e10: 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f elected partitio\n-00035e20: 6e20 6279 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 n by clearing th\n-00035e30: 6973 2062 6974 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 is bit. This is\n-00035e40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 . usefu\n-00035e50: 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 l only when boot\n-00035e60: 696e 6720 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f ing DOS or Windo\n-00035e70: 7773 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 ws and multiple \n-00035e80: 7072 696d 6172 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 primary. \n-00035e90: 2020 4641 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 FAT partitions\n-00035ea0: 2065 7869 7374 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6469 exist in one di\n-00035eb0: 736b 2e20 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e sk. See also *n\n-00035ec0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 444f ote. DO\n-00035ed0: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a S/Windows::.....\n-00035ee0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00035ef0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 Node: password\n-00035f00: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 , Next: passwor\n-00035f10: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a d_pbkdf2, Prev:\n-00035f20: 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 parttool, Up: \n-00035f30: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00035f40: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3534 2070 mands..17.4.54 p\n-00035f50: 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d assword.--------\n-00035f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00035f70: 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 mmand: password \n-00035f80: 7573 6572 2063 6c65 6172 2d70 6173 7377 user clear-passw\n-00035f90: 6f72 640a 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 ord. Define \n-00035fa0: 6120 7573 6572 206e 616d 6564 2055 5345 a user named USE\n-00035fb0: 5220 7769 7468 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 R with password \n-00035fc0: 434c 4541 522d 5041 5353 574f 5244 2e20 CLEAR-PASSWORD. \n-00035fd0: 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6375 *Note. Secu\n-00035fe0: 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a rity::.....File:\n-00035ff0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00036000: 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 e: password_pbkd\n-00036010: 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6c61 696e f2, Next: plain\n-00036020: 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 mount, Prev: pa\n-00036030: 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ssword, Up: Com\n-00036040: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00036050: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3520 7061 7373 ds..17.4.55 pass\n-00036060: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 320a 2d2d 2d2d word_pbkdf2.----\n-00036070: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00036080: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00036090: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 : password_pbkdf\n-000360a0: 3220 7573 6572 2068 6173 6865 642d 7061 2 user hashed-pa\n-000360b0: 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 ssword. Defi\n-000360c0: 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 6420 ne a user named \n-000360d0: 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 7061 7373 776f USER with passwo\n-000360e0: 7264 2068 6173 6820 4841 5348 4544 2d50 rd hash HASHED-P\n-000360f0: 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 5573 650a 2020 ASSWORD. Use. \n-00036100: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 ...grub-mkpas\n-00036110: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a swd-pbkdf2... (*\n-00036120: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 note Invoking gr\n-00036130: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-00036140: 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6765 f2::) to. ge\n-00036150: 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 nerate password \n-00036160: 6861 7368 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 hashes. *Note S\n-00036170: 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ecurity::.....Fi\n-00036180: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00036190: 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 Node: plainmount\n-000361a0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 , Next: play, \n-000361b0: 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 Prev: password_p\n-000361c0: 626b 6466 322c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d bkdf2, Up: Comm\n-000361d0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-000361e0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3536 2070 6c61 696e s..17.4.56 plain\n-000361f0: 6d6f 756e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mount.----------\n-00036200: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00036210: 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e mmand: plainmoun\n-00036220: 7420 6465 7669 6365 202d 6320 6369 7068 t device -c ciph\n-00036230: 6572 202d 7320 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 205b er -s key size [\n-00036240: 2d68 2068 6173 685d 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 -h hash]. [.\n-00036250: 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7365 6374 6f72 2073 ..-S... sector s\n-00036260: 697a 655d 205b e280 982d 70e2 8099 2070 ize] [...-p... p\n-00036270: 6173 7377 6f72 645d 205b e280 982d 75e2 assword] [...-u.\n-00036280: 8099 2075 7569 645d 205b 5be2 8098 2d64 .. uuid] [[...-d\n-00036290: e280 9920 6b65 7966 696c 655d 0a20 2020 ... keyfile]. \n-000362a0: 2020 5be2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6b65 7966 [...-O... keyf\n-000362b0: 696c 6520 6f66 6673 6574 5d5d 0a0a 2020 ile offset]].. \n-000362c0: 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 7320 Setup access \n-000362d0: 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 to the encrypted\n-000362e0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 2070 6c61 696e device in plain\n-000362f0: 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4f66 6673 6574 206f mode. Offset o\n-00036300: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 f the. encry\n-00036310: 7074 6564 2064 6174 6120 6174 2074 6865 pted data at the\n-00036320: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 device is speci\n-00036330: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7465 726d 7320 6f66 fied in terms of\n-00036340: 2035 3132 2062 7974 650a 2020 2020 2073 512 byte. s\n-00036350: 6563 746f 7273 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 ectors using the\n-00036360: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 blocklist synta\n-00036370: 7820 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2064 x and loopback d\n-00036380: 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 evice. The. \n-00036390: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 following examp\n-000363a0: 6c65 2073 686f 7773 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 le shows how to \n-000363b0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 314d 6942 206f 6666 specify 1MiB off\n-000363c0: 7365 743a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set:.. \n-000363d0: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 206e 6f64 6520 2868 loopback node (h\n-000363e0: 6430 2c67 7074 3129 3230 3438 2b0a 2020 d0,gpt1)2048+. \n-000363f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 plainmou\n-00036400: 6e74 206e 6f64 6520 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 nt node ..... \n-00036410: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9870 6c61 696e 6d6f The ...plainmo\n-00036420: 756e 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 unt... command c\n-00036430: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6f70 an be used to op\n-00036440: 656e 204c 554b 5320 656e 6372 7970 7465 en LUKS encrypte\n-00036450: 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6966 d volume. if\n-00036460: 2069 7473 206d 6173 7465 7220 6b65 7920 its master key \n-00036470: 616e 6420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2028 and parameters (\n-00036480: 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 6369 7068 6572 key size, cipher\n-00036490: 2c20 6f66 6673 6574 2c20 6574 6329 0a20 , offset, etc). \n-000364a0: 2020 2020 6172 6520 6b6e 6f77 6e2e 0a0a are known...\n-000364b0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 There are t\n-000364c0: 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 wo ways to speci\n-000364d0: 6679 2061 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 2061 fy a password: a\n-000364e0: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 2073 keyfile and a s\n-000364f0: 6563 7265 740a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7370 ecret. passp\n-00036500: 6872 6173 652e 2020 5468 6520 6b65 7966 hrase. The keyf\n-00036510: 696c 6520 7061 7468 2070 6172 616d 6574 ile path paramet\n-00036520: 6572 2068 6173 2068 6967 6865 7220 7072 er has higher pr\n-00036530: 696f 7269 7479 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 iority than. \n-00036540: 2074 6865 2073 6563 7265 7420 7061 7373 the secret pass\n-00036550: 7068 7261 7365 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 phrase parameter\n-00036560: 2061 6e64 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 and is specifie\n-00036570: 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f d with the optio\n-00036580: 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 992e n. ...-d....\n-00036590: 2020 5061 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 6120 Password data \n-000365a0: 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6b65 obtained from ke\n-000365b0: 7966 696c 6573 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 yfiles is not ha\n-000365c0: 7368 6564 2061 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 shed and is. \n-000365d0: 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 used directly a\n-000365e0: 7320 6120 6369 7068 6572 206b 6579 2e20 s a cipher key. \n-000365f0: 2041 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 206f 6666 An optional off\n-00036600: 7365 7420 6f66 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 set of password \n-00036610: 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 data. in the\n-00036620: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 keyfile can be \n-00036630: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 specified with t\n-00036640: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 4fe2 he option ...-O.\n-00036650: 8099 206f 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 .. or directly. \n-00036660: 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 with the opt\n-00036670: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 64e2 8099 2061 6e64 ion ...-d... and\n-00036680: 2047 5255 4220 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 GRUB blocklist \n-00036690: 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 6966 2074 6865 206b syntax, if the k\n-000366a0: 6579 6669 6c65 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 eyfile data. \n-000366b0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 6564 can be accessed\n-000366c0: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6465 7669 6365 2061 from a device a\n-000366d0: 6e64 2069 7320 3531 3220 6279 7465 2061 nd is 512 byte a\n-000366e0: 6c69 676e 6564 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 ligned. The. \n-000366f0: 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d following exam\n-00036700: 706c 6520 7368 6f77 7320 626f 7468 206d ple shows both m\n-00036710: 6574 686f 6473 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 ethods to specif\n-00036720: 7920 7061 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 6120 y password data \n-00036730: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 7966 in. the keyf\n-00036740: 696c 6520 6174 206f 6666 7365 7420 314d ile at offset 1M\n-00036750: 6942 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 iB:.. p\n-00036760: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 6864 lainmount -d (hd\n-00036770: 302c 6770 7431 2932 3034 382b 202e 2e2e 0,gpt1)2048+ ...\n-00036780: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e . plain\n-00036790: 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 6864 302c 6770 mount -d (hd0,gp\n-000367a0: 7431 292b 202d 4f20 3130 3438 3537 3620 t1)+ -O 1048576 \n-000367b0: 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206e 6f20 ..... If no \n-000367c0: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 keyfile is speci\n-000367d0: 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7061 fied then the pa\n-000367e0: 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f ssword is set to\n-000367f0: 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 the string. \n-00036800: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2062 7920 6f70 specified by op\n-00036810: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6f72 tion ...-p... or\n-00036820: 2069 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 696e is requested in\n-00036830: 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c 7920 6672 6f6d teractively from\n-00036840: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c the. consol\n-00036850: 652e 2020 496e 2062 6f74 6820 6361 7365 e. In both case\n-00036860: 7320 7468 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2070 s the provided p\n-00036870: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6973 2068 6173 6865 assword is hashe\n-00036880: 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 d with the. \n-00036890: 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d20 7370 6563 6966 algorithm specif\n-000368a0: 6965 6420 6279 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f ied by the optio\n-000368b0: 6e20 e280 982d 68e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 n ...-h.... Thi\n-000368c0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6d61 6e64 s option is mand\n-000368d0: 6174 6f72 790a 2020 2020 2069 6620 6e6f atory. if no\n-000368e0: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7370 6563 keyfile is spec\n-000368f0: 6966 6965 642c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 ified, but it ca\n-00036900: 6e20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9870 n be set to ...p\n-00036910: 6c61 696e e280 9920 7768 6963 680a 2020 lain... which. \n-00036920: 2020 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6e6f means that no\n-00036930: 2068 6173 6869 6e67 2069 7320 646f 6e65 hashing is done\n-00036940: 2061 6e64 2073 7563 6820 7061 7373 776f and such passwo\n-00036950: 7264 2069 7320 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 rd is used direc\n-00036960: 746c 7920 6173 0a20 2020 2020 6120 6b65 tly as. a ke\n-00036970: 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6970 6865 7220 y... Cipher \n-00036980: e280 982d 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 206b 6579 ...-c... and key\n-00036990: 7369 7a65 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6f70 size ...-s... op\n-000369a0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 tions specify th\n-000369b0: 6520 6369 7068 6572 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 e cipher algorit\n-000369c0: 686d 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 hm. and the \n-000369d0: 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2072 6573 7065 6374 key size respect\n-000369e0: 6976 656c 7920 616e 6420 6172 6520 6d61 ively and are ma\n-000369f0: 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e ndatory options.\n-00036a00: 2020 4369 7068 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 Cipher. mu\n-00036a10: 7374 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 st be specified \n-00036a20: 7769 7468 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 7365 with the mode se\n-00036a30: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2064 6173 parated by a das\n-00036a40: 6820 2866 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a h (for example,.\n-00036a50: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6165 732d 7874 732d ...aes-xts-\n-00036a60: 706c 6169 6e36 34e2 8099 292e 2020 4b65 plain64...). Ke\n-00036a70: 7920 7369 7a65 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 y size option ..\n-00036a80: 982d 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7468 6520 6b65 .-s... is the ke\n-00036a90: 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 y size of the. \n-00036aa0: 2020 2063 6970 6865 7220 696e 2062 6974 cipher in bit\n-00036ab0: 732c 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 6265 2063 6f6e s, not to be con\n-00036ac0: 6675 7365 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f fused with the o\n-00036ad0: 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6579 ffset of the key\n-00036ae0: 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6120 data. in a \n-00036af0: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 keyfile specifie\n-00036b00: 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d4f d with the ...-O\n-00036b10: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 ... option. It \n-00036b20: 6d75 7374 206e 6f74 2065 7863 6565 640a must not exceed.\n-00036b30: 2020 2020 2031 3032 3420 6269 7473 2c20 1024 bits, \n-00036b40: 736f 2061 2033 3220 6279 7465 206b 6579 so a 32 byte key\n-00036b50: 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 would be specif\n-00036b60: 6965 6420 6173 2032 3536 2062 6974 730a ied as 256 bits.\n-00036b70: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e . The option\n-00036b80: 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 20e2 8098 al parameter ...\n-00036b90: 2d53 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 -S... specifies \n-00036ba0: 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 encrypted device\n-00036bb0: 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2e0a 2020 sector size.. \n-00036bc0: 2020 2049 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6174 It must be at\n-00036bd0: 206c 6561 7374 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 least 512 bytes\n-00036be0: 206c 6f6e 6720 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2076 long (default v\n-00036bf0: 616c 7565 2920 616e 6420 6120 706f 7765 alue) and a powe\n-00036c00: 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 322e 2020 2831 r of. 2. (1\n-00036c10: 2920 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 706c 6169 6e6d ) (*note plainm\n-00036c20: 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a ount-Footnote-1:\n-00036c30: 3a29 2e20 2044 6973 6b20 7365 6374 6f72 :). Disk sector\n-00036c40: 2073 697a 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f size is. co\n-00036c50: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6372 nfigured when cr\n-00036c60: 6561 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6e63 7279 eating the encry\n-00036c70: 7074 6564 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 4174 pted volume. At\n-00036c80: 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 tempting to. \n-00036c90: 2064 6563 7279 7074 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 decrypt volumes\n-00036ca0: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e with a differen\n-00036cb0: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6520 7468 t sector size th\n-00036cc0: 616e 2069 7420 7761 7320 6372 6561 7465 an it was create\n-00036cd0: 640a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7769 6c6c d. with will\n-00036ce0: 206e 6f74 2072 6573 756c 7420 696e 2061 not result in a\n-00036cf0: 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 7574 2077 696c n error, but wil\n-00036d00: 6c20 6465 6372 7970 7420 746f 2072 616e l decrypt to ran\n-00036d10: 646f 6d20 6279 7465 730a 2020 2020 2061 dom bytes. a\n-00036d20: 6e64 2074 6875 7320 7072 6576 656e 7420 nd thus prevent \n-00036d30: 6163 6365 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 766f accessing the vo\n-00036d40: 6c75 6d65 2028 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 lume (in some ca\n-00036d50: 7365 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 ses the filesyst\n-00036d60: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 6572 2063 em. driver c\n-00036d70: 616e 2064 6574 6563 7420 7468 6520 7072 an detect the pr\n-00036d80: 6573 656e 6365 206f 6620 6120 6669 6c65 esence of a file\n-00036d90: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6275 7420 6e65 7665 system, but neve\n-00036da0: 7274 6865 6c65 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7769 rtheless. wi\n-00036db0: 6c6c 2072 6566 7573 6520 746f 206d 6f75 ll refuse to mou\n-00036dc0: 6e74 2069 7429 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 nt it)... By\n-00036dd0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206e 6577 2070 6c61 default new pla\n-00036de0: 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 inmount devices \n-00036df0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 will be given a \n-00036e00: 5555 4944 2073 7461 7274 696e 670a 2020 UUID starting. \n-00036e10: 2020 2077 6974 6820 2731 3039 6665 6138 with '109fea8\n-00036e20: 342d 6136 6237 2d33 3461 382d 3462 6431 4-a6b7-34a8-4bd1\n-00036e30: 2d31 6335 3036 3330 3561 3430 3127 2077 -1c506305a401' w\n-00036e40: 6865 7265 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 6469 here the last di\n-00036e50: 6769 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 696e gits. are in\n-00036e60: 6372 656d 656e 7465 6420 6279 206f 6e65 cremented by one\n-00036e70: 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 706c 6169 6e6d for each plainm\n-00036e80: 6f75 6e74 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 6265 ounted device be\n-00036e90: 796f 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 yond the. fi\n-00036ea0: 7273 7420 7570 2074 6f20 325e 3130 2064 rst up to 2^10 d\n-00036eb0: 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c evices... Al\n-00036ec0: 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 l encryption arg\n-00036ed0: 756d 656e 7473 2028 6369 7068 6572 2c20 uments (cipher, \n-00036ee0: 6861 7368 2c20 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 hash, key size, \n-00036ef0: 6469 736b 206f 6666 7365 7420 616e 640a disk offset and.\n-00036f00: 2020 2020 2064 6973 6b20 7365 6374 6f72 disk sector\n-00036f10: 2073 697a 6529 206d 7573 7420 6d61 7463 size) must matc\n-00036f20: 6820 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 h the parameters\n-00036f30: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2063 7265 6174 6520 used to create \n-00036f40: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 6f6c 756d 652e the. volume.\n-00036f50: 2020 4966 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 656d If any of them\n-00036f60: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6d61 7463 6820 does not match \n-00036f70: 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 2061 7267 756d the actual argum\n-00036f80: 656e 7473 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2064 ents used. d\n-00036f90: 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 696e 6974 6961 uring the initia\n-00036fa0: 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2c20 706c l encryption, pl\n-00036fb0: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6372 ainmount will cr\n-00036fc0: 6561 7465 2076 6972 7475 616c 0a20 2020 eate virtual. \n-00036fd0: 2020 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 6820 7468 device with th\n-00036fe0: 6520 6761 7262 6167 6520 6461 7461 2061 e garbage data a\n-00036ff0: 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 nd GRUB will rep\n-00037000: 6f72 7420 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 ort unknown. \n-00037010: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 666f 7220 filesystem for \n-00037020: 7375 6368 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 1f0a such device.....\n-00037030: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00037040: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 Node: plainmou\n-00037050: 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 nt-Footnotes, U\n-00037060: 703a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 0a20 p: plainmount.. \n-00037070: 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e 7420 696d (1) Current im\n-00037080: 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 plementation of \n-00037090: 6372 7970 7473 6574 7570 2073 7570 706f cryptsetup suppo\n-000370a0: 7274 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a35 3132 2f31 3032 rts only.512/102\n-000370b0: 342f 3230 3438 2f34 3039 3620 6279 7465 4/2048/4096 byte\n-000370c0: 2073 6563 746f 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 sectors....File\n-000370d0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000370e0: 6465 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: play, Next:\n-000370f0: 2070 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 probe, Prev: p\n-00037100: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 lainmount, Up: \n-00037110: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00037120: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3537 2070 mands..17.4.57 p\n-00037130: 6c61 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lay.------------\n-00037140: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 .. -- Command: p\n-00037150: 6c61 7920 6669 6c65 207c 2074 656d 706f lay file | tempo\n-00037160: 205b 7069 7463 6831 2064 7572 6174 696f [pitch1 duratio\n-00037170: 6e31 5d20 5b70 6974 6368 3220 6475 7261 n1] [pitch2 dura\n-00037180: 7469 6f6e 325d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 tion2] .... \n-00037190: 506c 6179 7320 6120 7475 6e65 0a0a 2020 Plays a tune.. \n-000371a0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 If the argume\n-000371b0: 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d nt is a file nam\n-000371c0: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 e (*note File na\n-000371d0: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 706c me syntax::), pl\n-000371e0: 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7475 6e65 ay the. tune\n-000371f0: 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 696e 2069 742e recorded in it.\n-00037200: 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 The file forma\n-00037210: 7420 6973 2066 6972 7374 2074 6865 2074 t is first the t\n-00037220: 656d 706f 2061 7320 616e 0a20 2020 2020 empo as an. \n-00037230: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2033 3262 6974 206c unsigned 32bit l\n-00037240: 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d ittle-endian num\n-00037250: 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 7061 6972 7320 ber, then pairs \n-00037260: 6f66 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 3136 6269 of unsigned 16bi\n-00037270: 740a 2020 2020 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e t. little-en\n-00037280: 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2066 6f72 dian numbers for\n-00037290: 2070 6974 6368 2061 6e64 2064 7572 6174 pitch and durat\n-000372a0: 696f 6e20 7061 6972 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 ion pairs... \n-000372b0: 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 If the argument\n-000372c0: 7320 6172 6520 6120 7365 7269 6573 206f s are a series o\n-000372d0: 6620 6e75 6d62 6572 732c 2070 6c61 7920 f numbers, play \n-000372e0: 7468 6520 696e 6c69 6e65 2074 756e 652e the inline tune.\n-000372f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 656d 706f .. The tempo\n-00037300: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6261 7365 2066 6f72 is the base for\n-00037310: 2061 6c6c 206e 6f74 6520 6475 7261 7469 all note durati\n-00037320: 6f6e 732e 2020 3630 2067 6976 6573 2061 ons. 60 gives a\n-00037330: 2031 2d73 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 2062 1-second. b\n-00037340: 6173 652c 2031 3230 2067 6976 6573 2061 ase, 120 gives a\n-00037350: 2068 616c 662d 7365 636f 6e64 2062 6173 half-second bas\n-00037360: 652c 2065 7463 2e20 2050 6974 6368 6573 e, etc. Pitches\n-00037370: 2061 7265 2048 7a2e 2020 5365 740a 2020 are Hz. Set. \n-00037380: 2020 2070 6974 6368 2074 6f20 3020 746f pitch to 0 to\n-00037390: 2070 726f 6475 6365 2061 2072 6573 742e produce a rest.\n-000373a0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000373b0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6f62 nfo, Node: prob\n-000373c0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7264 6d73 722c e, Next: rdmsr,\n-000373d0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2055 Prev: play, U\n-000373e0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-000373f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 commands..17.4.5\n-00037400: 3820 7072 6f62 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 probe.--------\n-00037410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00037420: 6e64 3a20 7072 6f62 6520 5b2d 2d73 6574 nd: probe [--set\n-00037430: 2076 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 var]. \n-00037440: 2d2d 6472 6976 6572 7c2d 2d70 6172 746d --driver|--partm\n-00037450: 6170 7c2d 2d66 737c 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 ap|--fs|--fs-uui\n-00037460: 647c 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c 2d2d 7061 7274 d|--label|--part\n-00037470: 2d75 7569 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 -uuid device. \n-00037480: 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2064 6576 6963 Retrieve devic\n-00037490: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 e information. \n-000374a0: 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 If option ...--s\n-000374b0: 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 et... is given, \n-000374c0: 6173 7369 676e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7375 assign. resu\n-000374d0: 6c74 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 lt to variable V\n-000374e0: 4152 2c20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 7072 AR, otherwise pr\n-000374f0: 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 int information \n-00037500: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a on the screen...\n-00037510: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 The option \n-00037520: e280 982d 2d70 6172 742d 7575 6964 e280 ...--part-uuid..\n-00037530: 9920 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f . is currently o\n-00037540: 6e6c 7920 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 nly implemented \n-00037550: 666f 7220 4d53 444f 530a 2020 2020 2061 for MSDOS. a\n-00037560: 6e64 2047 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 nd GPT formatted\n-00037570: 2064 6973 6b73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a disks.....File:\n-00037580: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00037590: 653a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: rdmsr, Next:\n-000375a0: 2072 6561 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7072 read, Prev: pr\n-000375b0: 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e obe, Up: Comman\n-000375c0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-000375d0: 0a31 372e 342e 3539 2072 646d 7372 0a2d .17.4.59 rdmsr.-\n-000375e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-000375f0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 7264 6d73 - Command:: rdms\n-00037600: 7220 3078 4144 4452 205b 2d76 2056 4152 r 0xADDR [-v VAR\n-00037610: 4e41 4d45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 NAME]. Read \n-00037620: 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 a model-specific\n-00037630: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 register at add\n-00037640: 7265 7373 2030 7841 4444 522e 2049 6620 ress 0xADDR. If \n-00037650: 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 720a 2020 the parameter. \n-00037660: 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 6973 2075 ...-v... is u\n-00037670: 7365 6420 616e 6420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 sed and an envir\n-00037680: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-00037690: 5641 524e 414d 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e VARNAME is given\n-000376a0: 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 , set that. \n-000376b0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-000376c0: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 able to the valu\n-000376d0: 6520 7468 6174 2077 6173 2072 6561 642e e that was read.\n-000376e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f .. Please no\n-000376f0: 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 te that on SMP s\n-00037700: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7265 6164 696e 6720 ystems, reading \n-00037710: 6672 6f6d 2061 204d 5352 2074 6861 7420 from a MSR that \n-00037720: 6861 7320 610a 2020 2020 2073 636f 7065 has a. scope\n-00037730: 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 7468 per hardware th\n-00037740: 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c 6965 7320 7468 read, implies th\n-00037750: 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 at the value tha\n-00037760: 7420 6973 2072 6574 7572 6e65 640a 2020 t is returned. \n-00037770: 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6170 706c 6965 7320 only applies \n-00037780: 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 to the particula\n-00037790: 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 6872 6561 r cpu/core/threa\n-000377a0: 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7468 650a d that runs the.\n-000377b0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 command... \n-000377c0: 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 Also, if you\n-000377d0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 6573 6572 specify a reser\n-000377e0: 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 6c65 6d65 ved or unimpleme\n-000377f0: 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 7265 7373 nted MSR address\n-00037800: 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2063 , it. will c\n-00037810: 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 616c 2070 ause a general p\n-00037820: 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 rotection except\n-00037830: 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f ion (which is no\n-00037840: 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 2020 2020 t currently. \n-00037850: 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c 6564 2920 being handled) \n-00037860: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 2077 and the system w\n-00037870: 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ill reboot.....F\n-00037880: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00037890: 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6561 642c 2020 4e65 Node: read, Ne\n-000378a0: 7874 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 xt: reboot, Pre\n-000378b0: 763a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 2055 703a 2043 v: rdmsr, Up: C\n-000378c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-000378d0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3020 7265 ands..17.4.60 re\n-000378e0: 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ad.------------.\n-000378f0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 . -- Command: re\n-00037900: 6164 205b 2d73 5d20 5b76 6172 5d0a 2020 ad [-s] [var]. \n-00037910: 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6c69 6e65 206f Read a line o\n-00037920: 6620 696e 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 f input from the\n-00037930: 2075 7365 722e 2020 4966 2061 6e20 656e user. If an en\n-00037940: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00037950: 6c65 2056 4152 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 le VAR. is g\n-00037960: 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 2065 iven, set that e\n-00037970: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00037980: 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 ble to the line \n-00037990: 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6861 740a 2020 of input that. \n-000379a0: 2020 2077 6173 2072 6561 642c 2077 6974 was read, wit\n-000379b0: 6820 6e6f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 6e67 h no terminating\n-000379c0: 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 7468 newline. If th\n-000379d0: 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 e280 982d e parameter ...-\n-000379e0: 73e2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 s... is. use\n-000379f0: 642c 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7369 6c65 6e74 d, enable silent\n-00037a00: 206d 6f64 6520 7768 6572 6520 696e 7075 mode where inpu\n-00037a10: 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2070 7269 6e74 6564 t is not printed\n-00037a20: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 6572 to the. ter\n-00037a30: 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 minal.....File: \n-00037a40: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00037a50: 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a : reboot, Next:\n-00037a60: 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 regexp, Prev: \n-00037a70: 7265 6164 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 read, Up: Comma\n-00037a80: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00037a90: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3120 7265 626f 6f74 ..17.4.61 reboot\n-00037aa0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-00037ab0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 . -- Command: re\n-00037ac0: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 boot. Reboot\n-00037ad0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 0a0a the computer...\n-00037ae0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00037af0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 7870 o, Node: regexp\n-00037b00: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 , Next: rmmod, \n-00037b10: 2050 7265 763a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 Prev: reboot, \n-00037b20: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00037b30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00037b40: 3632 2072 6567 6578 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 62 regexp.------\n-00037b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00037b60: 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6567 6578 7020 5b2d mmand: regexp [-\n-00037b70: 2d73 6574 205b 6e75 6d62 6572 3a5d 7661 -set [number:]va\n-00037b80: 725d 2072 6567 6578 7020 7374 7269 6e67 r] regexp string\n-00037b90: 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 2069 6620 7265 . Test if re\n-00037ba0: 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e gular expression\n-00037bb0: 2052 4547 4558 5020 6d61 7463 6865 7320 REGEXP matches \n-00037bc0: 5354 5249 4e47 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 STRING. Support\n-00037bd0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6775 6c61 7220 ed. regular \n-00037be0: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 expressions are \n-00037bf0: 504f 5349 582e 3220 4578 7465 6e64 6564 POSIX.2 Extended\n-00037c00: 2052 6567 756c 6172 2045 7870 7265 7373 Regular Express\n-00037c10: 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 206f ions. If. o\n-00037c20: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 ption ...--set..\n-00037c30: 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7374 6f72 . is given, stor\n-00037c40: 6520 4e55 4d42 4552 7468 206d 6174 6368 e NUMBERth match\n-00037c50: 6564 2073 7562 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e ed subexpression\n-00037c60: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c in. variabl\n-00037c70: 6520 5641 522e 2020 5375 6265 7870 7265 e VAR. Subexpre\n-00037c80: 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206e 756d 6265 ssions are numbe\n-00037c90: 7265 6420 696e 206f 7264 6572 206f 6620 red in order of \n-00037ca0: 7468 6569 720a 2020 2020 206f 7065 6e69 their. openi\n-00037cb0: 6e67 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 2073 ng parentheses s\n-00037cc0: 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 tarting from ...\n-00037cd0: 31e2 8099 2e20 204e 554d 4245 5220 6465 1.... NUMBER de\n-00037ce0: 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 e280 9831 e280 faults to ...1..\n-00037cf0: 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ......File: grub\n-00037d00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 726d .info, Node: rm\n-00037d10: 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7361 7665 mod, Next: save\n-00037d20: 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6567 _env, Prev: reg\n-00037d30: 6578 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e exp, Up: Comman\n-00037d40: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00037d50: 0a31 372e 342e 3633 2072 6d6d 6f64 0a2d .17.4.63 rmmod.-\n-00037d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00037d70: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6d6d 6f64 - Command: rmmod\n-00037d80: 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 2052 656d module. Rem\n-00037d90: 6f76 6520 6120 6c6f 6164 6564 204d 4f44 ove a loaded MOD\n-00037da0: 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ULE.....File: gr\n-00037db0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00037dc0: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a save_env, Next:\n-00037dd0: 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 search, Prev: \n-00037de0: 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d rmmod, Up: Comm\n-00037df0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00037e00: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3634 2073 6176 655f s..17.4.64 save_\n-00037e10: 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d env.------------\n-00037e20: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00037e30: 643a 2073 6176 655f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 d: save_env [--f\n-00037e40: 696c 6520 6669 6c65 5d20 7661 7220 2e2e ile file] var ..\n-00037e50: 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 7468 6520 .. Save the \n-00037e60: 6e61 6d65 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 named variables \n-00037e70: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e from the environ\n-00037e80: 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 656e 7669 ment to the envi\n-00037e90: 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f ronment. blo\n-00037ea0: 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 ck file. *Note \n-00037eb0: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 Environment bloc\n-00037ec0: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 k::... The .\n-00037ed0: 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 ..--file... opti\n-00037ee0: 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 on overrides the\n-00037ef0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f default locatio\n-00037f00: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e n of the. en\n-00037f10: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e vironment block.\n-00037f20: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d .. This comm\n-00037f30: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 206f 7065 7261 7465 and will operate\n-00037f40: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6576 successfully ev\n-00037f50: 656e 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d en when environm\n-00037f60: 656e 740a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c ent. variabl\n-00037f70: 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 e ...check_signa\n-00037f80: 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 tures... is set \n-00037f90: 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 to ...enforce...\n-00037fa0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 6865 (*note. che\n-00037fb0: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 ck_signatures::)\n-00037fc0: 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 2077 7269 7465 , since it write\n-00037fd0: 7320 746f 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 646f s to disk and do\n-00037fe0: 6573 206e 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 2074 6865 es not alter the\n-00037ff0: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 6861 7669 6f72 206f . behavior o\n-00038000: 6620 4752 5542 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 f GRUB based on \n-00038010: 616e 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 any contents of \n-00038020: 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 6861 7665 2062 disk that have b\n-00038030: 6565 6e20 7265 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 een read.. I\n-00038040: 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f t is possible to\n-00038050: 206d 6f64 6966 7920 6120 6469 6769 7461 modify a digita\n-00038060: 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 lly signed envir\n-00038070: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c onment block fil\n-00038080: 650a 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 e. from with\n-00038090: 696e 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 7468 in GRUB using th\n-000380a0: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 7375 6368 is command, such\n-000380b0: 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 7369 676e 6174 that its signat\n-000380c0: 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f ure will. no\n-000380d0: 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 6265 2076 616c 6964 longer be valid\n-000380e0: 206f 6e20 7375 6273 6571 7565 6e74 2062 on subsequent b\n-000380f0: 6f6f 7473 2e20 2043 6172 6520 7368 6f75 oots. Care shou\n-00038100: 6c64 2062 6520 7461 6b65 6e20 696e 0a20 ld be taken in. \n-00038110: 2020 2020 7375 6368 2061 6476 616e 6365 such advance\n-00038120: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 d configurations\n-00038130: 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7265 6e64 6572 to avoid render\n-00038140: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 ing the system. \n-00038150: 2020 2020 756e 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2e20 unbootable. \n-00038160: 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 *Note Using dig\n-00038170: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a ital signatures:\n-00038180: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 :, for more. \n-00038190: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f information....\n-000381a0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000381b0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 682c , Node: search,\n-000381c0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c Next: sendkey,\n-000381d0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 Prev: save_env\n-000381e0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-000381f0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00038200: 2e34 2e36 3520 7365 6172 6368 0a2d 2d2d .4.65 search.---\n-00038210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00038220: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 6172 6368 Command: search\n-00038230: 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c [--file|--label\n-00038240: 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d73 |--fs-uuid] [--s\n-00038250: 6574 205b 7661 725d 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 et [var]]. \n-00038260: 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 [--no-floppy\n-00038270: 7c2d 2d65 6669 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c 795d |--efidisk-only]\n-00038280: 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 name. Searc\n-00038290: 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 2066 696c h devices by fil\n-000382a0: 6520 28e2 8098 2d66 e280 992c 20e2 8098 e (...-f..., ...\n-000382b0: 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9929 2c20 6669 6c65 --file...), file\n-000382c0: 7379 7374 656d 206c 6162 656c 2028 e280 system label (..\n-000382d0: 982d 6ce2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 .-l...,. ...\n-000382e0: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 292c 206f 7220 --label...), or \n-000382f0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 5549 4420 filesystem UUID \n-00038300: 28e2 8098 2d75 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d (...-u..., ...--\n-00038310: 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 292e 0a0a 2020 fs-uuid...)... \n-00038320: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 28e2 8098 2d73 If the (...-s\n-00038330: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 ..., ...--set...\n-00038340: 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 ) option is used\n-00038350: 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6465 7669 , the first devi\n-00038360: 6365 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 ce found is. \n-00038370: 2073 6574 2061 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 set as the valu\n-00038380: 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 e of environment\n-00038390: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 variable VAR. \n-000383a0: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 7269 The default vari\n-000383b0: 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6973 20e2 8098 able. is ...\n-000383c0: 726f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 root...... T\n-000383d0: 6865 2028 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 he (...-n..., ..\n-000383e0: 982d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 e280 9929 .--no-floppy...)\n-000383f0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 6576 656e 7473 option prevents\n-00038400: 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 2066 6c6f 7070 searching flopp\n-00038410: 7920 6465 7669 6365 732c 0a20 2020 2020 y devices,. \n-00038420: 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6c6f which can be slo\n-00038430: 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2028 e280 w... The (..\n-00038440: 982d 2d65 6669 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c 79e2 .--efidisk-only.\n-00038450: 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2070 7265 7665 ..) option preve\n-00038460: 6e74 7320 7365 6172 6368 696e 6720 616e nts searching an\n-00038470: 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6465 7669 6365 730a y other devices.\n-00038480: 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 4546 4920 6469 then EFI di\n-00038490: 736b 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7479 sks. This is ty\n-000384a0: 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 2077 6865 pically used whe\n-000384b0: 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 n chainloading t\n-000384c0: 6f20 6c6f 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2045 4649 o local. EFI\n-000384d0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 partition... \n-000384e0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 682e The ...search.\n-000384f0: 6669 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7365 6172 file..., ...sear\n-00038500: 6368 2e66 735f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 ch.fs_label..., \n-00038510: 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 682e 6673 and ...search.fs\n-00038520: 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 _uuid... command\n-00038530: 730a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2061 6c69 6173 s. are alias\n-00038540: 6573 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 es for ...search\n-00038550: 202d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 --file..., ...s\n-00038560: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 earch --label...\n-00038570: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 680a , and ...search.\n-00038580: 2020 2020 202d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 e280 --fs-uuid..\n-00038590: 9920 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a . respectively..\n-000385a0: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2068 696e 7473 . Also hints\n-000385b0: 2061 7320 746f 2077 6869 6368 2064 6576 as to which dev\n-000385c0: 6963 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2074 6865 206d ice may be the m\n-000385d0: 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 2074 6f20 636f ost likely to co\n-000385e0: 6e74 6169 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2069 ntain the. i\n-000385f0: 7465 6d20 7365 6172 6368 6564 2066 6f72 tem searched for\n-00038600: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7669 may be given vi\n-00038610: 6120 7468 6520 28e2 8098 2d68 e280 992c a the (...-h...,\n-00038620: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 e280 9929 206f ...--hint...) o\n-00038630: 7074 696f 6e20 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 ption with. \n-00038640: 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6173 a device name as\n-00038650: 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2e20 2049 an argument. I\n-00038660: 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2065 f the argument e\n-00038670: 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 nds with a comma\n-00038680: 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7061 7274 ,. then part\n-00038690: 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6465 itions on the de\n-000386a0: 7669 6365 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 vice are also se\n-000386b0: 6172 6368 6564 2e20 2046 7572 7468 6572 arched. Further\n-000386c0: 6d6f 7265 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 6c61 7466 more,. platf\n-000386d0: 6f72 6d20 7370 6563 6966 6963 2068 696e orm specific hin\n-000386e0: 7473 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 ts may be given \n-000386f0: 7669 6120 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a via the options.\n-00038700: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d69 ...--hint-i\n-00038710: 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d eee1275..., ...-\n-00038720: 2d68 696e 742d 6269 6f73 e280 992c 20e2 -hint-bios..., .\n-00038730: 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d62 6172 656d 6574 ..--hint-baremet\n-00038740: 616c e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 al..., ...--hint\n-00038750: 2d65 6669 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 616e -efi...,. an\n-00038760: 6420 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6172 63e2 d ...--hint-arc.\n-00038770: 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7370 6563 6966 ... When specif\n-00038780: 6965 642c 2074 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f ied, these optio\n-00038790: 6e73 2074 616b 6520 616e 2061 7267 756d ns take an argum\n-000387a0: 656e 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206f 7065 ent. and ope\n-000387b0: 7261 7465 206c 696b 6520 e280 982d 2d68 rate like ...--h\n-000387c0: 696e 74e2 8099 2c20 6275 7420 6f6e 6c79 int..., but only\n-000387d0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 on the specifie\n-000387e0: 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 d platform.....F\n-000387f0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00038800: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 Node: sendkey, \n-00038810: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6574 2c20 2050 7265 Next: set, Pre\n-00038820: 763a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 5570 3a20 v: search, Up: \n-00038830: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00038840: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3636 2073 mands..17.4.66 s\n-00038850: 656e 646b 6579 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d endkey.---------\n-00038860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00038870: 616e 643a 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a20 2020 and: sendkey. \n-00038880: 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6e75 6d7c 2d2d [--num|--\n-00038890: 6361 7073 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c7c 2d2d caps|--scroll|--\n-000388a0: 696e 7365 7274 7c2d 2d70 6175 7365 7c2d insert|--pause|-\n-000388b0: 2d6c 6566 742d 7368 6966 747c 2d2d 7269 -left-shift|--ri\n-000388c0: 6768 742d 7368 6966 747c 2d2d 7379 7372 ght-shift|--sysr\n-000388d0: 717c 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 7c2d 2d63 6170 q|--numkey|--cap\n-000388e0: 736b 6579 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 skey|--scrollkey\n-000388f0: 7c2d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b 6579 7c2d 2d6c |--insertkey|--l\n-00038900: 6566 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d eft-alt|--right-\n-00038910: 616c 747c 2d2d 6c65 6674 2d63 7472 6c7c alt|--left-ctrl|\n-00038920: 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 6374 726c 0a20 2020 --right-ctrl. \n-00038930: 2020 2020 2020 206f 6e7c 6f66 665d 2e2e on|off]..\n-00038940: 2e20 5b6e 6f2d 6c65 645d 206b 6579 7374 . [no-led] keyst\n-00038950: 726f 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 roke. Insert\n-00038960: 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 696e 746f keystrokes into\n-00038970: 2074 6865 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 the keyboard bu\n-00038980: 6666 6572 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e ffer when bootin\n-00038990: 672e 2020 536f 6d65 7469 6d65 730a 2020 g. Sometimes. \n-000389a0: 2020 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 an operating \n-000389b0: 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 6368 6169 6e6c system or chainl\n-000389c0: 6f61 6465 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 oaded boot loade\n-000389d0: 7220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2070 6172 7469 r requires parti\n-000389e0: 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 cular. keys \n-000389f0: 746f 2062 6520 7072 6573 7365 643a 2066 to be pressed: f\n-00038a00: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6f6e 6520 or example, one \n-00038a10: 6d69 6768 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 might need to pr\n-00038a20: 6573 7320 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ess a. parti\n-00038a30: 6375 6c61 7220 6b65 7920 746f 2065 6e74 cular key to ent\n-00038a40: 6572 2022 7361 6665 206d 6f64 6522 2c20 er \"safe mode\", \n-00038a50: 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 or when chainloa\n-00038a60: 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 ding another. \n-00038a70: 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e boot loader on\n-00038a80: 6520 6d69 6768 7420 7365 6e64 206b 6579 e might send key\n-00038a90: 7374 726f 6b65 7320 746f 2069 7420 746f strokes to it to\n-00038aa0: 206e 6176 6967 6174 6520 6974 7320 6d65 navigate its me\n-00038ab0: 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 nu... Note: \n-00038ac0: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n-00038ad0: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2061 currently only a\n-00038ae0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 vailable on the \n-00038af0: 6933 3836 2d70 630a 2020 2020 2074 6172 i386-pc. tar\n-00038b00: 6765 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2059 6f75 206d get... You m\n-00038b10: 6179 2070 726f 7669 6465 2075 7020 746f ay provide up to\n-00038b20: 2031 3620 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2028 16 keystrokes (\n-00038b30: 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 the length of th\n-00038b40: 6520 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7962 e BIOS. keyb\n-00038b50: 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 7229 2e20 204b oard buffer). K\n-00038b60: 6579 7374 726f 6b65 206e 616d 6573 206d eystroke names m\n-00038b70: 6179 2062 6520 7570 7065 722d 6361 7365 ay be upper-case\n-00038b80: 206f 7220 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 7365 0a20 or lower-case. \n-00038b90: 2020 2020 6c65 7474 6572 732c 2064 6967 letters, dig\n-00038ba0: 6974 732c 206f 7220 7461 6b65 6e20 6672 its, or taken fr\n-00038bb0: 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 om the following\n-00038bc0: 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 table:.. Na\n-00038bd0: 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 me \n-00038be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4b65 790a Key.\n-00038bf0: 2020 2020 202d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d -----------\n+0002e510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002e520: 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f and: background_\n+0002e530: 696d 6167 6520 5b5b 2d2d 6d6f 6465 2073 image [[--mode s\n+0002e540: 7472 6574 6368 7c6e 6f72 6d61 6c5d 2066 tretch|normal] f\n+0002e550: 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2062 ile]. Load b\n+0002e560: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 ackground image \n+0002e570: 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 for active termi\n+0002e580: 6e61 6c20 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 nal from FILE. \n+0002e590: 496d 6167 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7374 Image is. st\n+0002e5a0: 7265 7463 6865 6420 746f 2066 696c 6c20 retched to fill \n+0002e5b0: 7570 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 7265 656e up entire screen\n+0002e5c0: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 unless option .\n+0002e5d0: 8098 2d2d 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 e280 986e ..--mode... ...n\n+0002e5e0: 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6973 ormal.... is\n+0002e5f0: 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2057 6974 686f 7574 given. Without\n+0002e600: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 arguments remov\n+0002e610: 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6c6f 6164 e currently load\n+0002e620: 6564 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a 2020 ed background. \n+0002e630: 2020 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2042 6163 6b67 image. Backg\n+0002e640: 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 round image can \n+0002e650: 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 be changed only \n+0002e660: 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 when using ...gf\n+0002e670: 7874 6572 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 666f xterm.... fo\n+0002e680: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 r terminal outpu\n+0002e690: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n+0002e6a0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 .info, Node: ba\n+0002e6b0: 6472 616d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6c6f dram, Next: blo\n+0002e6c0: 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 cklist, Prev: b\n+0002e6d0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c ackground_image,\n+0002e6e0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002e6f0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002e700: 342e 3620 6261 6472 616d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.6 badram.-----\n+0002e710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002e720: 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6164 7261 6d20 6164 mmand: badram ad\n+0002e730: 6472 2c6d 6173 6b5b 2c61 6464 722c 6d61 dr,mask[,addr,ma\n+0002e740: 736b 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c74 sk...]. Filt\n+0002e750: 6572 206f 7574 2062 6164 2052 414d 2e0a er out bad RAM..\n+0002e760: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n+0002e770: 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 nd notifies the \n+0002e780: 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 memory manager t\n+0002e790: 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 hat specified re\n+0002e7a0: 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 gions of. RA\n+0002e7b0: 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 M ought to be fi\n+0002e7c0: 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2028 7573 7561 ltered out (usua\n+0002e7d0: 6c6c 792c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 lly, because the\n+0002e7e0: 7927 7265 2064 616d 6167 6564 292e 0a20 y're damaged).. \n+0002e7f0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d 6169 6e73 This remains\n+0002e800: 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 6674 6572 in effect after\n+0002e810: 2061 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 a payload kerne\n+0002e820: 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 l has been loade\n+0002e830: 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2c20 d by. GRUB, \n+0002e840: 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 206c as long as the l\n+0002e850: 6f61 6465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 oaded kernel obt\n+0002e860: 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 ains its memory \n+0002e870: 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 4752 map from. GR\n+0002e880: 5542 2e20 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 UB. Kernels tha\n+0002e890: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 2069 t support this i\n+0002e8a0: 6e63 6c75 6465 204c 696e 7578 2c20 474e nclude Linux, GN\n+0002e8b0: 5520 4d61 6368 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 U Mach, the. \n+0002e8c0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 kernel of FreeB\n+0002e8d0: 5344 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 SD and Multiboot\n+0002e8e0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 6765 6e65 kernels in gene\n+0002e8f0: 7261 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 796e 7461 ral... Synta\n+0002e900: 7820 6973 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 x is the same as\n+0002e910: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 provided by the\n+0002e920: 204d 656d 7465 7374 3836 2b20 7574 696c Memtest86+ util\n+0002e930: 6974 790a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f ity. (http:/\n+0002e940: 2f77 7777 2e6d 656d 7465 7374 2e6f 7267 /www.memtest.org\n+0002e950: 2f29 3a20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6164 /): a list of ad\n+0002e960: 6472 6573 732f 6d61 736b 2070 6169 7273 dress/mask pairs\n+0002e970: 2e20 2047 6976 656e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 . Given a. \n+0002e980: 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 2061 6464 page-aligned add\n+0002e990: 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2061 2062 6173 6520 ress and a base \n+0002e9a0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 2f20 6d61 736b 2070 address / mask p\n+0002e9b0: 6169 722c 2069 6620 616c 6c20 7468 650a air, if all the.\n+0002e9c0: 2020 2020 2062 6974 7320 6f66 2074 6865 bits of the\n+0002e9d0: 2070 6167 652d 616c 6967 6e65 6420 6164 page-aligned ad\n+0002e9e0: 6472 6573 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2065 dress that are e\n+0002e9f0: 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6d61 nabled by the ma\n+0002ea00: 736b 206d 6174 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7769 sk match. wi\n+0002ea10: 7468 2074 6865 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 th the base addr\n+0002ea20: 6573 732c 2069 7420 6d65 616e 7320 7468 ess, it means th\n+0002ea30: 6973 2070 6167 6520 6973 2074 6f20 6265 is page is to be\n+0002ea40: 2066 696c 7465 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 filtered. This\n+0002ea50: 0a20 2020 2020 7379 6e74 6178 206d 616b . syntax mak\n+0002ea60: 6573 2069 7420 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7265 es it easy to re\n+0002ea70: 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 7474 6572 6e73 present patterns\n+0002ea80: 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 that are often \n+0002ea90: 7265 7375 6c74 206f 660a 2020 2020 206d result of. m\n+0002eaa0: 656d 6f72 7920 6461 6d61 6765 2c20 6475 emory damage, du\n+0002eab0: 6520 746f 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6469 e to physical di\n+0002eac0: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6d65 stribution of me\n+0002ead0: 6d6f 7279 2063 656c 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 mory cells... \n+0002eae0: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 The command is\n+0002eaf0: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9863 similar to ...c\n+0002eb00: 7574 6d65 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 utmem... command\n+0002eb10: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 ... Note: Th\n+0002eb20: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 e command is not\n+0002eb30: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f allowed when lo\n+0002eb40: 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 ckdown is enforc\n+0002eb50: 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c ed (*note. L\n+0002eb60: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 ockdown::). Thi\n+0002eb70: 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 s prevents remov\n+0002eb80: 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 ing EFI memory r\n+0002eb90: 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 egions to. p\n+0002eba0: 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 7562 7665 otentially subve\n+0002ebb0: 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 rt the security \n+0002ebc0: 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 726f 7669 mechanisms provi\n+0002ebd0: 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a ded by the UEFI.\n+0002ebe0: 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 secure boot\n+0002ebf0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002ec00: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f info, Node: blo\n+0002ec10: 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 cklist, Next: b\n+0002ec20: 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6261 6472 oot, Prev: badr\n+0002ec30: 616d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 am, Up: Command\n+0002ec40: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002ec50: 3137 2e34 2e37 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 17.4.7 blocklist\n+0002ec60: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0002ec70: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002ec80: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6669 6c65 0a20 blocklist file. \n+0002ec90: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 626c 6f63 Print a bloc\n+0002eca0: 6b20 6c69 7374 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c k list (*note Bl\n+0002ecb0: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a ock list syntax:\n+0002ecc0: 3a29 2066 6f72 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a :) for FILE.....\n+0002ecd0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002ece0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 204e Node: boot, N\n+0002ecf0: 6578 743a 2063 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a ext: cat, Prev:\n+0002ed00: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2055 703a blocklist, Up:\n+0002ed10: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0002ed20: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 2062 mmands..17.4.8 b\n+0002ed30: 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a oot.-----------.\n+0002ed40: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626f . -- Command: bo\n+0002ed50: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 ot. Boot the\n+0002ed60: 204f 5320 6f72 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 OS or chain-loa\n+0002ed70: 6465 7220 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6265 der which has be\n+0002ed80: 656e 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4f6e 6c79 en loaded. Only\n+0002ed90: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 0a20 2020 2020 necessary. \n+0002eda0: 6966 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2066 if running the f\n+0002edb0: 756c 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 ully interactive\n+0002edc0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 2869 command-line (i\n+0002edd0: 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 7420 6174 t is implicit at\n+0002ede0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 . the end of\n+0002edf0: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7929 2e0a a menu entry)..\n+0002ee00: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002ee10: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6174 2c20 fo, Node: cat, \n+0002ee20: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 2050 Next: clear, P\n+0002ee30: 7265 763a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: boot, Up: \n+0002ee40: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002ee50: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3920 6361 mands..17.4.9 ca\n+0002ee60: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d t.----------.. -\n+0002ee70: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6174 205b - Command: cat [\n+0002ee80: 2d2d 646f 735d 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 --dos] file. \n+0002ee90: 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2063 6f6e Display the con\n+0002eea0: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c tents of the fil\n+0002eeb0: 6520 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f e FILE. This co\n+0002eec0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 mmand may be use\n+0002eed0: 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7265 6d69 ful. to remi\n+0002eee0: 6e64 2079 6f75 206f 6620 796f 7572 204f nd you of your O\n+0002eef0: 5327 7320 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 S's root partiti\n+0002ef00: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 on:.. g\n+0002ef10: 7275 623e 2063 6174 202f 6574 632f 6673 rub> cat /etc/fs\n+0002ef20: 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 tab.. If the\n+0002ef30: 20e2 8098 2d2d 646f 73e2 8099 206f 7074 ...--dos... opt\n+0002ef40: 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 ion is used, the\n+0002ef50: 6e20 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 n carriage retur\n+0002ef60: 6e20 2f20 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a20 2020 n / new line. \n+0002ef70: 2020 7061 6972 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 pairs will be \n+0002ef80: 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6173 2061 2073 displayed as a s\n+0002ef90: 696d 706c 6520 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 imple new line. \n+0002efa0: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 650a Otherwise, the.\n+0002efb0: 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 carriage re\n+0002efc0: 7475 726e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 turn will be dis\n+0002efd0: 706c 6179 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e74 played as a cont\n+0002efe0: 726f 6c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 28e2 rol character (.\n+0002eff0: 8098 3c64 3ee2 8099 2920 746f 0a20 2020 .....) to. \n+0002f000: 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 make it easier\n+0002f010: 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7768 656e 2062 6f6f to see when boo\n+0002f020: 7420 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2061 7265 2063 t problems are c\n+0002f030: 6175 7365 6420 6279 2061 2066 696c 650a aused by a file.\n+0002f040: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2075 formatted u\n+0002f050: 7369 6e67 2044 4f53 2d73 7479 6c65 206c sing DOS-style l\n+0002f060: 696e 6520 656e 6469 6e67 732e 0a0a 2020 ine endings... \n+0002f070: 2020 204e 6f74 653a 20e2 8098 6361 74e2 Note: ...cat.\n+0002f080: 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 .. can be used t\n+0002f090: 6f20 7669 6577 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 o view the conte\n+0002f0a0: 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 6576 6963 6573 2075 nts of devices u\n+0002f0b0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 626c sing the. bl\n+0002f0c0: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 7820 ock list syntax \n+0002f0d0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 (*note Block lis\n+0002f0e0: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 486f t syntax::). Ho\n+0002f0f0: 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 wever, it is not\n+0002f100: 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7669 7365 6420 746f . advised to\n+0002f110: 2076 6965 7720 6269 6e61 7279 2064 6174 view binary dat\n+0002f120: 6120 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 2077 696c a because it wil\n+0002f130: 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2064 6563 6f64 6520 l try to decode \n+0002f140: 5554 462d 380a 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e UTF-8. strin\n+0002f150: 6773 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6c65 gs, which can le\n+0002f160: 6164 2074 6f20 736f 6d65 2062 7974 6573 ad to some bytes\n+0002f170: 206d 6973 7369 6e67 206f 7220 6164 6465 missing or adde\n+0002f180: 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 d in the. ou\n+0002f190: 7470 7574 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 tput. Instead, \n+0002f1a0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 9868 6578 6475 use the ...hexdu\n+0002f1b0: 6d70 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a mp... command (*\n+0002f1c0: 6e6f 7465 2068 6578 6475 6d70 3a3a 292e note hexdump::).\n+0002f1d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002f1e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636c 6561 nfo, Node: clea\n+0002f1f0: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 636c r, Next: cmoscl\n+0002f200: 6561 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6361 742c ean, Prev: cat,\n+0002f210: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002f220: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002f230: 342e 3130 2063 6c65 6172 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.10 clear.-----\n+0002f240: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002f250: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6c65 6172 0a20 2020 mmand: clear. \n+0002f260: 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 7363 7265 Clear the scre\n+0002f270: 656e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 en.....File: gru\n+0002f280: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+0002f290: 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 204e 6578 743a mosclean, Next:\n+0002f2a0: 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 5072 6576 cmosdump, Prev\n+0002f2b0: 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : clear, Up: Co\n+0002f2c0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0002f2d0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3131 2063 6d6f nds..17.4.11 cmo\n+0002f2e0: 7363 6c65 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sclean.---------\n+0002f2f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002f300: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e mmand: cmosclean\n+0002f310: 2062 7974 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 2043 byte:bit. C\n+0002f320: 6c65 6172 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 lear value of bi\n+0002f330: 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 t in CMOS at loc\n+0002f340: 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 ation BYTE:BIT. \n+0002f350: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n+0002f360: 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 . available \n+0002f370: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d only on platform\n+0002f380: 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 s that support C\n+0002f390: 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 MOS.....File: gr\n+0002f3a0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002f3b0: 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a cmosdump, Next:\n+0002f3c0: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 cmostest, Prev\n+0002f3d0: 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5570 : cmosclean, Up\n+0002f3e0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0002f3f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3132 ommands..17.4.12\n+0002f400: 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cmosdump.------\n+0002f410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002f420: 4475 6d70 3a20 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 Dump: CMOS conte\n+0002f430: 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2044 756d 7020 6675 nts. Dump fu\n+0002f440: 6c6c 2043 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 ll CMOS contents\n+0002f450: 2061 7320 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 as hexadecimal \n+0002f460: 7661 6c75 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f values. This co\n+0002f470: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6176 mmand is. av\n+0002f480: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 ailable only on \n+0002f490: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 platforms that s\n+0002f4a0: 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a upport CMOS.....\n+0002f4b0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002f4c0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 Node: cmostest\n+0002f4d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d70 2c20 2050 , Next: cmp, P\n+0002f4e0: 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 rev: cmosdump, \n+0002f4f0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002f500: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0002f510: 3133 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 13 cmostest.----\n+0002f520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002f530: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7374 - Command: cmost\n+0002f540: 6573 7420 6279 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 est byte:bit. \n+0002f550: 2020 5465 7374 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 Test value of \n+0002f560: 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c bit in CMOS at l\n+0002f570: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 ocation BYTE:BIT\n+0002f580: 2e20 2045 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 . Exit status i\n+0002f590: 730a 2020 2020 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2062 s. zero if b\n+0002f5a0: 6974 2069 7320 7365 742c 206e 6f6e 207a it is set, non z\n+0002f5b0: 6572 6f20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e 2020 ero otherwise. \n+0002f5c0: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n+0002f5d0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 206f available. o\n+0002f5e0: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 nly on platforms\n+0002f5f0: 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d that support CM\n+0002f600: 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 OS.....File: gru\n+0002f610: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+0002f620: 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 mp, Next: confi\n+0002f630: 6766 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d gfile, Prev: cm\n+0002f640: 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ostest, Up: Com\n+0002f650: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0002f660: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3420 636d 700a ds..17.4.14 cmp.\n+0002f670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002f680: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d 7020 5b2d Command: cmp [-\n+0002f690: 765d 2066 696c 6531 2066 696c 6532 0a20 v] file1 file2. \n+0002f6a0: 2020 2020 436f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6520 Compare the \n+0002f6b0: 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4531 2077 6974 6820 file FILE1 with \n+0002f6c0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4532 2e20 the file FILE2. \n+0002f6d0: 2049 6620 7468 6579 2061 7265 2063 6f6d If they are com\n+0002f6e0: 706c 6574 656c 790a 2020 2020 2069 6465 pletely. ide\n+0002f6f0: 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 ntical, ...$?...\n+0002f700: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 will be set to \n+0002f710: 302e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2069 0. Otherwise, i\n+0002f720: 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 f the files are \n+0002f730: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 not. identic\n+0002f740: 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c al, ...$?... wil\n+0002f750: 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f l be set to a no\n+0002f760: 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 2020 nzero value... \n+0002f770: 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e6f By default no\n+0002f780: 7468 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6f75 thing will be ou\n+0002f790: 7470 7574 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 tput. If the ..\n+0002f7a0: 982d 76e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 .-v... is used, \n+0002f7b0: 7665 7262 6f73 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 verbose. mod\n+0002f7c0: 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2049 e is enabled. I\n+0002f7d0: 6e20 7468 6973 206d 6f64 6520 7768 656e n this mode when\n+0002f7e0: 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 when the files \n+0002f7f0: 6469 6666 6572 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2c0a differ in size,.\n+0002f800: 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2073 print the s\n+0002f810: 697a 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a izes like this:.\n+0002f820: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6966 6665 . Diffe\n+0002f830: 7220 696e 2073 697a 653a 2030 7831 3233 r in size: 0x123\n+0002f840: 3420 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7834 3332 3120 4 [foo], 0x4321 \n+0002f850: 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 [bar].. If t\n+0002f860: 6865 2073 697a 6573 2061 7265 2065 7175 he sizes are equ\n+0002f870: 616c 2062 7574 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 al but the bytes\n+0002f880: 2061 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 7420 6469 at an offset di\n+0002f890: 6666 6572 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 ffer, then. \n+0002f8a0: 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 print the bytes \n+0002f8b0: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like this:.. \n+0002f8c0: 2020 2020 2020 4469 6666 6572 2061 7420 Differ at \n+0002f8d0: 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 2037 3737 3a20 the offset 777: \n+0002f8e0: 3078 6265 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 6566 0xbe [foo], 0xef\n+0002f8f0: 205b 6261 725d 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 [bar]....File: \n+0002f900: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002f910: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 204e : configfile, N\n+0002f920: 6578 743a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2050 7265 ext: cpuid, Pre\n+0002f930: 763a 2063 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d v: cmp, Up: Com\n+0002f940: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0002f950: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3520 636f 6e66 ds..17.4.15 conf\n+0002f960: 6967 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d igfile.---------\n+0002f970: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0002f980: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 ommand: configfi\n+0002f990: 6c65 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 le file. Loa\n+0002f9a0: 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e66 d FILE as a conf\n+0002f9b0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 iguration file. \n+0002f9c0: 2049 6620 4649 4c45 2064 6566 696e 6573 If FILE defines\n+0002f9d0: 2061 6e79 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 any menu. e\n+0002f9e0: 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 7468 656e 2073 686f ntries, then sho\n+0002f9f0: 7720 6120 6d65 6e75 2063 6f6e 7461 696e w a menu contain\n+0002fa00: 696e 6720 7468 656d 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 ing them immedia\n+0002fa10: 7465 6c79 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 tely. Any. \n+0002fa20: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0002fa30: 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d 6164 able changes mad\n+0002fa40: 6520 6279 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e by the command\n+0002fa50: 7320 696e 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 206e s in FILE will n\n+0002fa60: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2070 7265 7365 ot. be prese\n+0002fa70: 7276 6564 2061 6674 6572 20e2 8098 636f rved after ...co\n+0002fa80: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 7265 7475 nfigfile... retu\n+0002fa90: 726e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 rns.....File: gr\n+0002faa0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002fab0: 6370 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 cpuid, Next: cr\n+0002fac0: 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 c, Prev: config\n+0002fad0: 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 file, Up: Comma\n+0002fae0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0002faf0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3620 6370 7569 640a ..17.4.16 cpuid.\n+0002fb00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0002fb10: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6370 7569 -- Command: cpui\n+0002fb20: 6420 5b2d 6c5d 205b 2d70 5d0a 2020 2020 d [-l] [-p]. \n+0002fb30: 2043 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2043 5055 2066 Check for CPU f\n+0002fb40: 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 eatures. This c\n+0002fb50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 ommand is only a\n+0002fb60: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 360a vailable on x86.\n+0002fb70: 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 systems... \n+0002fb80: 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 With the ...\n+0002fb90: 2d6c e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 -l... option, re\n+0002fba0: 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 turn true if the\n+0002fbb0: 2043 5055 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6c6f CPU supports lo\n+0002fbc0: 6e67 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2028 3634 ng mode. (64\n+0002fbd0: 2d62 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 -bit)... Wit\n+0002fbe0: 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206f h the ...-p... o\n+0002fbf0: 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 ption, return tr\n+0002fc00: 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 ue if the CPU su\n+0002fc10: 7070 6f72 7473 2050 6879 7369 6361 6c0a pports Physical.\n+0002fc20: 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2045 7874 Address Ext\n+0002fc30: 656e 7369 6f6e 2028 5041 4529 2e0a 0a20 ension (PAE)... \n+0002fc40: 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 If invoked w\n+0002fc50: 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 ithout options, \n+0002fc60: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 7572 this command cur\n+0002fc70: 7265 6e74 6c79 2062 6568 6176 6573 2061 rently behaves a\n+0002fc80: 7320 6966 2069 740a 2020 2020 2068 6164 s if it. had\n+0002fc90: 2062 6565 6e20 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 been invoked wi\n+0002fca0: 7468 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 992e 2020 5468 th ...-l.... Th\n+0002fcb0: 6973 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 6520 696e is may change in\n+0002fcc0: 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 1f0a the future.....\n+0002fcd0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002fce0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 632c 2020 4e65 Node: crc, Ne\n+0002fcf0: 7874 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c xt: cryptomount,\n+0002fd00: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 Prev: cpuid, \n+0002fd10: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002fd20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0002fd30: 3137 2063 7263 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 17 crc.---------\n+0002fd40: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002fd50: 2063 7263 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 crc arg .... \n+0002fd60: 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 Alias for ...h\n+0002fd70: 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6372 ashsum --hash cr\n+0002fd80: 6333 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 c32 arg ....... \n+0002fd90: 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 See command ...\n+0002fda0: 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 hashsum.... \n+0002fdb0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a (*note hashsum::\n+0002fdc0: 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 ) for full descr\n+0002fdd0: 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a iption.....File:\n+0002fde0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002fdf0: 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 e: cryptomount, \n+0002fe00: 204e 6578 743a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 Next: cutmem, \n+0002fe10: 5072 6576 3a20 6372 632c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: crc, Up: \n+0002fe20: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002fe30: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3138 2063 mands..17.4.18 c\n+0002fe40: 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ryptomount.-----\n+0002fe50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002fe60: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7279 -- Command: cry\n+0002fe70: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 205b 205b 2d70 2070 ptomount [ [-p p\n+0002fe80: 6173 7377 6f72 645d 207c 205b 2d6b 206b assword] | [-k k\n+0002fe90: 6579 6669 6c65 205b 2d4f 206b 6579 6f66 eyfile [-O keyof\n+0002fea0: 6673 6574 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fset]. \n+0002feb0: 5b2d 5320 6b65 7973 697a 655d 205d 205d [-S keysize] ] ]\n+0002fec0: 205b 2d48 2066 696c 655d 2064 6576 6963 [-H file] devic\n+0002fed0: 657c 2d75 2075 7569 647c 2d61 7c2d 620a e|-u uuid|-a|-b.\n+0002fee0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 Setup acces\n+0002fef0: 7320 746f 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 s to encrypted d\n+0002ff00: 6576 6963 652e 2020 4120 7061 7373 7068 evice. A passph\n+0002ff10: 7261 7365 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6571 rase will be req\n+0002ff20: 7565 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 uested. inte\n+0002ff30: 7261 6374 6976 656c 792c 2069 6620 6e65 ractively, if ne\n+0002ff40: 6974 6865 7220 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 ither the ...-p.\n+0002ff50: 8099 206e 6f72 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 9920 .. nor ...-k... \n+0002ff60: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6769 7665 options are give\n+0002ff70: 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7074 n. The. opt\n+0002ff80: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 8099 2063 616e ion ...-p... can\n+0002ff90: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 be used to supp\n+0002ffa0: 6c79 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 ly a passphrase \n+0002ffb0: 2875 7365 6675 6c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 (useful for. \n+0002ffc0: 2073 6372 6970 7473 292e 2020 416c 7465 scripts). Alte\n+0002ffd0: 726e 6174 6976 656c 7920 7468 6520 e280 rnatively the ..\n+0002ffe0: 982d 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 .-k... option ca\n+0002fff0: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 n be used to sup\n+00030000: 706c 7920 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 6669 ply a. keyfi\n+00030010: 6c65 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 le with options \n+00030020: e280 982d 4fe2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 ...-O... and ...\n+00030030: 2d53 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 -S... optionally\n+00030040: 2073 7570 706c 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206f supplying the o\n+00030050: 6666 7365 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2073 ffset. and s\n+00030060: 697a 652c 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c ize, respectivel\n+00030070: 792c 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6461 y, of the key da\n+00030080: 7461 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 ta in the given \n+00030090: 6b65 7920 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 key file. The. \n+000300a0: 2020 2020 e280 982d 48e2 8099 206f 7074 ...-H... opt\n+000300b0: 696f 6e73 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 ions can be used\n+000300c0: 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2063 7279 7074 to supply crypt\n+000300d0: 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 7320 omount backends \n+000300e0: 7769 7468 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c74 with an. alt\n+000300f0: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2068 6561 6465 7220 ernative header \n+00030100: 6669 6c65 2028 616b 6120 6465 7461 6368 file (aka detach\n+00030110: 6564 2068 6561 6465 7229 2e20 204e 6f74 ed header). Not\n+00030120: 2061 6c6c 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 730a 2020 all backends. \n+00030130: 2020 2068 6176 6520 6865 6164 6572 7320 have headers \n+00030140: 6e6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 7465 nor support alte\n+00030150: 726e 6174 6976 6520 6865 6164 6572 2066 rnative header f\n+00030160: 696c 6573 2028 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 iles (currently \n+00030170: 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 4c55 4b53 3120 only. LUKS1 \n+00030180: 616e 6420 4c55 4b53 3220 7375 7070 6f72 and LUKS2 suppor\n+00030190: 7420 7468 656d 292e 2020 4172 6775 6d65 t them). Argume\n+000301a0: 6e74 2044 4556 4943 4520 636f 6e66 6967 nt DEVICE config\n+000301b0: 7572 6573 2073 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 ures specific. \n+000301c0: 2020 2067 7275 6220 6465 7669 6365 2028 grub device (\n+000301d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e *note Naming con\n+000301e0: 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 3b20 6f70 7469 vention::); opti\n+000301f0: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 5555 4944 on ...-u... UUID\n+00030200: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 . configures\n+00030210: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 2073 7065 device with spe\n+00030220: 6369 6669 6564 2055 5549 443b 206f 7074 cified UUID; opt\n+00030230: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2063 6f6e ion ...-a... con\n+00030240: 6669 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 figures all. \n+00030250: 2064 6574 6563 7465 6420 656e 6372 7970 detected encryp\n+00030260: 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 733b 206f 7074 ted devices; opt\n+00030270: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e ion ...-b... con\n+00030280: 6669 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c20 6765 6c69 figures all geli\n+00030290: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 . containers\n+000302a0: 2074 6861 7420 6861 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 that have boot \n+000302b0: 666c 6167 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 flag set... \n+000302c0: 4465 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 Devices are not \n+000302d0: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2062 6520 6769 allowed to be gi\n+000302e0: 7665 6e20 6173 206b 6579 2066 696c 6573 ven as key files\n+000302f0: 206e 6f72 2061 7320 6465 7461 6368 6564 nor as detached\n+00030300: 0a20 2020 2020 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c . header fil\n+00030310: 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 es. However, th\n+00030320: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e20 6361 is limitation ca\n+00030330: 6e20 6265 2077 6f72 6b65 6420 6172 6f75 n be worked arou\n+00030340: 6e64 2062 790a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 nd by. using\n+00030350: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 blocklist synta\n+00030360: 782e 2020 536f 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 x. So for insta\n+00030370: 6e63 652c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c67 7074 nce, ...(hd1,gpt\n+00030380: 3229 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 2)... can not be\n+00030390: 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 2c20 6275 7420 . used, but \n+000303a0: e280 9828 6864 312c 6770 7432 2930 2be2 ...(hd1,gpt2)0+.\n+000303b0: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6163 6869 6576 6520 .. will achieve \n+000303c0: 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 7265 7375 the desired resu\n+000303d0: 6c74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 lt... GRUB s\n+000303e0: 7570 6f72 7473 2064 6576 6963 6573 2065 uports devices e\n+000303f0: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2075 7369 6e67 204c ncrypted using L\n+00030400: 554b 532c 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2067 UKS, LUKS2 and g\n+00030410: 656c 692e 2020 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 eli. Note. \n+00030420: 7468 6174 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 206d that necessary m\n+00030430: 6f64 756c 6573 2028 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 odules (LUKS, LU\n+00030440: 4b53 3220 616e 6420 4745 4c49 2920 6861 KS2 and GELI) ha\n+00030450: 7665 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 640a ve to be loaded.\n+00030460: 2020 2020 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 manually be\n+00030470: 666f 7265 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e fore this comman\n+00030480: 6420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 642e 2020 d can be used. \n+00030490: 466f 7220 4c55 4b53 3220 6f6e 6c79 2074 For LUKS2 only t\n+000304a0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5042 4b44 4632 206b he. PBKDF2 k\n+000304b0: 6579 2064 6572 6976 6174 696f 6e20 6675 ey derivation fu\n+000304c0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 nction is suppor\n+000304d0: 7465 642c 2061 7320 4172 676f 6e32 2069 ted, as Argon2 i\n+000304e0: 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 740a 2020 2020 2073 s not yet. s\n+000304f0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 upported... \n+00030500: 5375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2064 6563 Successfully dec\n+00030510: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 rypted disks are\n+00030520: 206e 616d 6564 2061 7320 2863 7279 7074 named as (crypt\n+00030530: 6f58 2920 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 oX) and have. \n+00030540: 2020 696e 6372 6561 7369 6e67 206e 756d increasing num\n+00030550: 6572 6174 696f 6e20 7375 6666 6978 2066 eration suffix f\n+00030560: 6f72 2065 6163 6820 6e65 7720 6465 6372 or each new decr\n+00030570: 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 ypted disk. If \n+00030580: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 the. encrypt\n+00030590: 6564 2064 6973 6b20 686f 7374 7320 736f ed disk hosts so\n+000305a0: 6d65 2068 6967 6865 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 me higher level \n+000305b0: 6f66 2061 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 2028 of abstraction (\n+000305c0: 6c69 6b65 204c 564d 3220 6f72 0a20 2020 like LVM2 or. \n+000305d0: 2020 4d44 5241 4944 2920 6974 2077 696c MDRAID) it wil\n+000305e0: 6c20 6265 2063 7265 6174 6564 2075 6e64 l be created und\n+000305f0: 6572 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6465 er a separate de\n+00030600: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 7061 6365 2069 vice namespace i\n+00030610: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 n. addition \n+00030620: 746f 2074 6865 2063 7279 7074 6f64 6973 to the cryptodis\n+00030630: 6b20 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 652e 0a0a 2020 k namespace... \n+00030640: 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2070 Support for p\n+00030650: 6c61 696e 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 lain encryption \n+00030660: 6d6f 6465 2028 706c 6169 6e20 646d 2d63 mode (plain dm-c\n+00030670: 7279 7074 2920 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 rypt) is provide\n+00030680: 6420 7669 610a 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 d via. separ\n+00030690: 6174 6520 e280 982a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 ate ...*note pla\n+000306a0: 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 3ae2 8099 2063 6f6d inmount::... com\n+000306b0: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 mand.....File: g\n+000306c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000306d0: 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 cutmem, Next: \n+000306e0: 6461 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7279 date, Prev: cry\n+000306f0: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ptomount, Up: C\n+00030700: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00030710: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3920 6375 ands..17.4.19 cu\n+00030720: 746d 656d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tmem.-----------\n+00030730: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00030740: 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2066 726f 6d5b 4b7c : cutmem from[K|\n+00030750: 4d7c 475d 2074 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 0a20 M|G] to[K|M|G]. \n+00030760: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 6e79 206d Remove any m\n+00030770: 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 696e emory regions in\n+00030780: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 616e 6765 specified range\n+00030790: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n+000307a0: 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 mand notifies th\n+000307b0: 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 e memory manager\n+000307c0: 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 that specified \n+000307d0: 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 regions of. \n+000307e0: 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 RAM ought to be \n+000307f0: 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2e20 2054 filtered out. T\n+00030800: 6869 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 his remains in e\n+00030810: 6666 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 610a 2020 ffect after a. \n+00030820: 2020 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 payload kerne\n+00030830: 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 l has been loade\n+00030840: 6420 6279 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f d by GRUB, as lo\n+00030850: 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 ng as the loaded\n+00030860: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 . kernel obt\n+00030870: 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 ains its memory \n+00030880: 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 204b map from GRUB. K\n+00030890: 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 ernels that supp\n+000308a0: 6f72 7420 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 696e ort this. in\n+000308b0: 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 clude Linux, GNU\n+000308c0: 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 Mach, the kerne\n+000308d0: 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 l of FreeBSD and\n+000308e0: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 Multiboot. \n+000308f0: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 656e 6572 kernels in gener\n+00030900: 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f al... The co\n+00030910: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 mmand is similar\n+00030920: 2074 6f20 e280 9862 6164 7261 6de2 8099 to ...badram...\n+00030930: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 command... \n+00030940: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e Note: The comman\n+00030950: 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 d is not allowed\n+00030960: 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 when lockdown i\n+00030970: 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 s enforced (*not\n+00030980: 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a e. Lockdown:\n+00030990: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e :). This preven\n+000309a0: 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 ts removing EFI \n+000309b0: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 memory regions t\n+000309c0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c o. potential\n+000309d0: 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 ly subvert the s\n+000309e0: 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 ecurity mechanis\n+000309f0: 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 ms provided by t\n+00030a00: 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 he UEFI. sec\n+00030a10: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ure boot.....Fil\n+00030a20: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00030a30: 6f64 653a 2064 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: date, Next\n+00030a40: 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2050 : devicetree, P\n+00030a50: 7265 763a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5570 rev: cutmem, Up\n+00030a60: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00030a70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3230 ommands..17.4.20\n+00030a80: 2064 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d date.----------\n+00030a90: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00030aa0: 2064 6174 6520 5b5b 7965 6172 2d5d 6d6f date [[year-]mo\n+00030ab0: 6e74 682d 6461 795d 205b 686f 7572 3a6d nth-day] [hour:m\n+00030ac0: 696e 7574 655b 3a73 6563 6f6e 645d 5d0a inute[:second]].\n+00030ad0: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 With no arg\n+00030ae0: 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 uments, print th\n+00030af0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 e current date a\n+00030b00: 6e64 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f nd time... O\n+00030b10: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7461 6b65 2074 therwise, take t\n+00030b20: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 he current date \n+00030b30: 616e 6420 7469 6d65 2c20 6368 616e 6765 and time, change\n+00030b40: 2061 6e79 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 any elements. \n+00030b50: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 specified as \n+00030b60: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2073 arguments, and s\n+00030b70: 6574 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 et the result as\n+00030b80: 2074 6865 206e 6577 2064 6174 6520 616e the new date an\n+00030b90: 640a 2020 2020 2074 696d 652e 2020 466f d. time. Fo\n+00030ba0: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2027 6461 7465 r example, 'date\n+00030bb0: 2030 312d 3031 2720 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 01-01' will set\n+00030bc0: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206d 6f6e the current mon\n+00030bd0: 7468 2061 6e64 2064 6179 0a20 2020 2020 th and day. \n+00030be0: 746f 204a 616e 7561 7279 2031 2c20 6275 to January 1, bu\n+00030bf0: 7420 6c65 6176 6520 7468 6520 7965 6172 t leave the year\n+00030c00: 2c20 686f 7572 2c20 6d69 6e75 7465 2c20 , hour, minute, \n+00030c10: 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 and second. \n+00030c20: 756e 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 unchanged.....Fi\n+00030c30: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00030c40: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 Node: devicetree\n+00030c50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6973 7472 7573 , Next: distrus\n+00030c60: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 t, Prev: date, \n+00030c70: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00030c80: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00030c90: 2e32 3120 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 0a2d .21 devicetree.-\n+00030ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00030cb0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00030cc0: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2066 696c 650a devicetree file.\n+00030cd0: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 Load a devi\n+00030ce0: 6365 2074 7265 6520 626c 6f62 2028 2e64 ce tree blob (.d\n+00030cf0: 7462 2920 6672 6f6d 2061 2066 696c 6573 tb) from a files\n+00030d00: 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206c 6174 6572 ystem, for later\n+00030d10: 2075 7365 2062 790a 2020 2020 2061 204c use by. a L\n+00030d20: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 446f inux kernel. Do\n+00030d30: 6573 206e 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d 206d es not perform m\n+00030d40: 6572 6769 6e67 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 erging with any \n+00030d50: 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 650a 2020 2020 device tree. \n+00030d60: 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 6279 2066 6972 supplied by fir\n+00030d70: 6d77 6172 652c 2062 7574 2072 6174 6865 mware, but rathe\n+00030d80: 7220 7265 706c 6163 6573 2069 7420 636f r replaces it co\n+00030d90: 6d70 6c65 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 mpletely... \n+00030da0: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e Note: The comman\n+00030db0: 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 d is not allowed\n+00030dc0: 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 when lockdown i\n+00030dd0: 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 s enforced (*not\n+00030de0: 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a e. Lockdown:\n+00030df0: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e :). This is don\n+00030e00: 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 e to prevent sub\n+00030e10: 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 verting various \n+00030e20: 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 security. me\n+00030e30: 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c chanisms.....Fil\n+00030e40: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00030e50: 6f64 653a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 ode: distrust, \n+00030e60: 4e65 7874 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 Next: drivemap, \n+00030e70: 2050 7265 763a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 Prev: devicetre\n+00030e80: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n+00030e90: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00030ea0: 372e 342e 3232 2064 6973 7472 7573 740a 7.4.22 distrust.\n+00030eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00030ec0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 .. -- Command: d\n+00030ed0: 6973 7472 7573 7420 7075 626b 6579 5f69 istrust pubkey_i\n+00030ee0: 640a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 7075 d. Remove pu\n+00030ef0: 626c 6963 206b 6579 2050 5542 4b45 595f blic key PUBKEY_\n+00030f00: 4944 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2773 206b ID from GRUB's k\n+00030f10: 6579 7269 6e67 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 eyring of truste\n+00030f20: 6420 6b65 7973 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 5542 d keys.. PUB\n+00030f30: 4b45 595f 4944 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c61 KEY_ID is the la\n+00030f40: 7374 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 2865 st four bytes (e\n+00030f50: 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c ight hexadecimal\n+00030f60: 2064 6967 6974 7329 206f 6620 7468 650a digits) of the.\n+00030f70: 2020 2020 2047 5047 2076 3420 6b65 7920 GPG v4 key \n+00030f80: 6964 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2061 6c73 id, which is als\n+00030f90: 6f20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 o the output of \n+00030fa0: e280 986c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 64e2 ...list_trusted.\n+00030fb0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206c .. (*note. l\n+00030fc0: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a29 2e20 ist_trusted::). \n+00030fd0: 204f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 4752 5542 Outside of GRUB\n+00030fe0: 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6964 2063 616e , the key id can\n+00030ff0: 2062 6520 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2075 7369 be obtained usi\n+00031000: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 7067 202d ng. ...gpg -\n+00031010: 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 e280 9929 -fingerprint...)\n+00031020: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 . These keys ar\n+00031030: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 e used to valida\n+00031040: 7465 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2020 te signatures. \n+00031050: 2020 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d when environm\n+00031060: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n+00031070: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+00031080: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ... is set to ..\n+00031090: 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 .enforce.... \n+000310a0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 (*note check_si\n+000310b0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 gnatures::), and\n+000310c0: 2062 7920 736f 6d65 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 by some invocat\n+000310d0: 696f 6e73 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ions of. ...\n+000310e0: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 64e2 verify_detached.\n+000310f0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 .. (*note verify\n+00031100: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 202a _detached::). *\n+00031110: 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 Note Using digit\n+00031120: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 al. signatur\n+00031130: 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 es::, for more i\n+00031140: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n+00031150: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00031160: 204e 6f64 653a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c Node: drivemap,\n+00031170: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2050 Next: echo, P\n+00031180: 7265 763a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 rev: distrust, \n+00031190: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+000311a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+000311b0: 3233 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2d2d 2d2d 23 drivemap.----\n+000311c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+000311d0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 7269 7665 - Command: drive\n+000311e0: 6d61 7020 2d6c 7c2d 727c 5b2d 735d 2066 map -l|-r|[-s] f\n+000311f0: 726f 6d5f 6472 6976 6520 746f 5f64 7269 rom_drive to_dri\n+00031200: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 ve. Without \n+00031210: 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 206d 6170 2074 6865 options, map the\n+00031220: 2064 7269 7665 2046 524f 4d5f 4452 4956 drive FROM_DRIV\n+00031230: 4520 746f 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2054 E to the drive T\n+00031240: 4f5f 4452 4956 452e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 O_DRIVE.. Th\n+00031250: 6973 2069 7320 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 is is necessary \n+00031260: 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2063 6861 696e 2d6c when you chain-l\n+00031270: 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 oad some operati\n+00031280: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7375 6368 ng systems, such\n+00031290: 0a20 2020 2020 6173 2044 4f53 2c20 6966 . as DOS, if\n+000312a0: 2073 7563 6820 616e 204f 5320 7265 7369 such an OS resi\n+000312b0: 6465 7320 6174 2061 206e 6f6e 2d66 6972 des at a non-fir\n+000312c0: 7374 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 st drive. For. \n+000312d0: 2020 2020 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c convenience,\n+000312e0: 2061 6e79 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 any partition s\n+000312f0: 7566 6669 7820 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 uffix on the dri\n+00031300: 7665 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 642c 2073 ve is ignored, s\n+00031310: 6f20 796f 750a 2020 2020 2063 616e 2073 o you. can s\n+00031320: 6166 656c 7920 7573 6520 247b 726f 6f74 afely use ${root\n+00031330: 7d20 6173 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 } as a drive spe\n+00031340: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 cification... \n+00031350: 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d73 With the ...-s\n+00031360: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7065 7266 ... option, perf\n+00031370: 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7265 7665 7273 6520 orm the reverse \n+00031380: 6d61 7070 696e 6720 6173 2077 656c 6c2c mapping as well,\n+00031390: 2073 7761 7070 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 swapping. t\n+000313a0: 6865 2074 776f 2064 7269 7665 732e 0a0a he two drives...\n+000313b0: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 With the ..\n+000313c0: 982d 6ce2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206c .-l... option, l\n+000313d0: 6973 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 ist the current \n+000313e0: 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 mappings... \n+000313f0: 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d72 e280 With the ...-r..\n+00031400: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7365 7420 . option, reset \n+00031410: 616c 6c20 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2074 6f20 all mappings to \n+00031420: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 the default valu\n+00031430: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 es... For ex\n+00031440: 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ample:.. \n+00031450: 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 drivemap -s (h\n+00031460: 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 d0) (hd1).. \n+00031470: 4e4f 5445 3a20 4f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c NOTE: Only avail\n+00031480: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 6933 3836 2d70 632e able on i386-pc.\n+00031490: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000314a0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f nfo, Node: echo\n+000314b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 6669 7465 7874 , Next: efitext\n+000314c0: 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 7269 mode, Prev: dri\n+000314d0: 7665 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d vemap, Up: Comm\n+000314e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+000314f0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3234 2065 6368 6f0a s..17.4.24 echo.\n+00031500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00031510: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 6368 6f20 - Command: echo \n+00031520: 5b2d 6e5d 205b 2d65 5d20 7374 7269 6e67 [-n] [-e] string\n+00031530: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 .... Displa\n+00031540: 7920 7468 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 y the requested \n+00031550: 7465 7874 2061 6e64 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 text and, unless\n+00031560: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 9920 6f70 the ...-n... op\n+00031570: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 610a tion is used, a.\n+00031580: 2020 2020 2074 7261 696c 696e 6720 6e65 trailing ne\n+00031590: 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 w line. If ther\n+000315a0: 6520 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f e is more than o\n+000315b0: 6e65 2073 7472 696e 672c 2074 6865 7920 ne string, they \n+000315c0: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 are. separat\n+000315d0: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 2069 6e20 ed by spaces in \n+000315e0: 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2041 7320 the output. As \n+000315f0: 7573 7561 6c20 696e 2047 5255 4220 636f usual in GRUB co\n+00031600: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 mmands,. var\n+00031610: 6961 626c 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 7375 iables may be su\n+00031620: 6273 7469 7475 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 bstituted using \n+00031630: e280 9824 7b76 6172 7de2 8099 2e0a 0a20 ...${var}...... \n+00031640: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 65e2 8099 The ...-e...\n+00031650: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 7320 option enables \n+00031660: 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 206f interpretation o\n+00031670: 6620 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 f backslash esca\n+00031680: 7065 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 pes. The. f\n+00031690: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6571 7565 6e63 ollowing sequenc\n+000316a0: 6573 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 es are recognise\n+000316b0: 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c5c e280 d:.. ...\\\\..\n+000316c0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 636b .. back\n+000316d0: 736c 6173 680a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c slash.. ...\\\n+000316e0: 61e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 a.... a\n+000316f0: 6c65 7274 2028 4245 4c29 0a0a 2020 2020 lert (BEL).. \n+00031700: 20e2 8098 5c63 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ...\\c.... \n+00031710: 2020 2020 7375 7070 7265 7373 2074 7261 suppress tra\n+00031720: 696c 696e 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a iling new line..\n+00031730: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c66 e280 990a 2020 ...\\f.... \n+00031740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d 2066 6565 form fee\n+00031750: 640a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 6ee2 8099 d.. ...\\n...\n+00031760: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 206c . new l\n+00031770: 696e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 72e2 ine.. ...\\r.\n+00031780: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6172 ... car\n+00031790: 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e 0a0a 2020 riage return.. \n+000317a0: 2020 20e2 8098 5c74 e280 990a 2020 2020 ...\\t.... \n+000317b0: 2020 2020 2020 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c horizontal\n+000317c0: 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c76 tab.. ...\\v\n+000317d0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 .... ve\n+000317e0: 7274 6963 616c 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 rtical tab.. \n+000317f0: 2057 6865 6e20 696e 7465 7270 7265 7469 When interpreti\n+00031800: 6e67 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 7363 ng backslash esc\n+00031810: 6170 6573 2c20 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 apes, backslash \n+00031820: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 616e 790a followed by any.\n+00031830: 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 2063 6861 7261 other chara\n+00031840: 6374 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7072 696e 7420 cter will print \n+00031850: 7468 6174 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a that character..\n+00031860: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00031870: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 7465 fo, Node: efite\n+00031880: 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 xtmode, Next: e\n+00031890: 7661 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6563 686f val, Prev: echo\n+000318a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+000318b0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+000318c0: 2e34 2e32 3520 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 .4.25 efitextmod\n+000318d0: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n+000318e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+000318f0: 6e64 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 6520 nd: efitextmode \n+00031900: 5b6d 696e 207c 206d 6178 207c 203c 6d6f [min | max | | \n+00031920: 203c 726f 7773 3e5d 0a20 2020 2020 5768 ]. Wh\n+00031930: 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f20 en used with no \n+00031940: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6469 7370 6c61 arguments displa\n+00031950: 7973 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ys all available\n+00031960: 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 text output. \n+00031970: 2020 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 modes. The se\n+00031980: 7420 6d6f 6465 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 t mode determine\n+00031990: 7320 7468 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e s the columns an\n+000319a0: 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 d rows of the te\n+000319b0: 7874 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7920 xt. display \n+000319c0: 7768 656e 2069 6e20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 when in text mod\n+000319d0: 652e 2020 416e 2061 7374 6572 6973 6b2c e. An asterisk,\n+000319e0: 20e2 8098 2ae2 8099 2c20 7769 6c6c 2062 ...*..., will b\n+000319f0: 6520 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a e at the end of.\n+00031a00: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 the line of\n+00031a10: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2073 the currently s\n+00031a20: 6574 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 et mode... I\n+00031a30: 6620 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 f given a single\n+00031a40: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 6974 206d parameter, it m\n+00031a50: 7573 7420 6265 20e2 8098 6d69 6ee2 8099 ust be ...min...\n+00031a60: 2c20 e280 986d 6178 e280 992c 206f 7220 , ...max..., or \n+00031a70: 6120 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 a mode. numb\n+00031a80: 6572 2067 6976 656e 2062 7920 7468 6520 er given by the \n+00031a90: 6c69 7374 696e 6720 7768 656e 2072 756e listing when run\n+00031aa0: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e with no argumen\n+00031ab0: 7473 2e20 2054 6865 7365 0a20 2020 2020 ts. These. \n+00031ac0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7365 7420 7468 arguments set th\n+00031ad0: 6520 6d6f 6465 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d69 e mode to the mi\n+00031ae0: 6e69 6d75 6d2c 206d 6178 696d 756d 2c20 nimum, maximum, \n+00031af0: 616e 6420 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 206d and particular m\n+00031b00: 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 7065 6374 ode. respect\n+00031b10: 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 ively... Oth\n+00031b20: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d erwise, the comm\n+00031b30: 616e 6420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 and must be give\n+00031b40: 6e20 7477 6f20 6e75 6d65 7269 6361 6c20 n two numerical \n+00031b50: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 arguments. s\n+00031b60: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f pecifying the co\n+00031b70: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f lumns and rows o\n+00031b80: 6620 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 6d6f f the desired mo\n+00031b90: 6465 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 de. Specifying \n+00031ba0: 610a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 a. columns a\n+00031bb0: 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 636f 6d62 696e 6174 nd rows combinat\n+00031bc0: 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2063 6f72 7265 7370 ion that corresp\n+00031bd0: 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 6e6f 2073 7570 706f onds to no suppo\n+00031be0: 7274 6564 206d 6f64 652c 0a20 2020 2020 rted mode,. \n+00031bf0: 7769 6c6c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6572 726f will return erro\n+00031c00: 722c 2062 7574 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 r, but otherwise\n+00031c10: 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e have no effect.\n+00031c20: 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c .. By defaul\n+00031c30: 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7374 6172 t GRUB will star\n+00031c40: 7420 696e 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 6d6f t in whatever mo\n+00031c50: 6465 2074 6865 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 de the EFI firmw\n+00031c60: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 are. default\n+00031c70: 7320 746f 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 s to. There are\n+00031c80: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6573 206b 6e6f 776e firmwares known\n+00031c90: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7570 2074 6865 2064 to set up the d\n+00031ca0: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 efault mode. \n+00031cb0: 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 206f 7574 7075 such that outpu\n+00031cc0: 7420 6265 6861 7665 7320 7374 7261 6e67 t behaves strang\n+00031cd0: 656c 792c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ely, for example\n+00031ce0: 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 696e 2074 the cursor in t\n+00031cf0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 6865 he. GRUB she\n+00031d00: 6c6c 206e 6576 6572 2072 6561 6368 6573 ll never reaches\n+00031d10: 2074 6865 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 6f66 2074 the bottom of t\n+00031d20: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6f72 2c20 7768 he screen or, wh\n+00031d30: 656e 2074 7970 696e 670a 2020 2020 2063 en typing. c\n+00031d40: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6174 2074 6865 haracters at the\n+00031d50: 2070 726f 6d70 742c 2063 6861 7261 6374 prompt, charact\n+00031d60: 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 ers from previou\n+00031d70: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6f75 7470 7574 s command output\n+00031d80: 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 6f76 6572 7772 . are overwr\n+00031d90: 6974 7465 6e2e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 itten. Setting \n+00031da0: 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 206d 6179 2066 6978 the mode may fix\n+00031db0: 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 this... The\n+00031dc0: 2045 4649 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 EFI specificati\n+00031dd0: 6f6e 2073 6179 7320 7468 6174 206d 6f64 on says that mod\n+00031de0: 6520 3020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6176 6169 e 0 must be avai\n+00031df0: 6c61 626c 6520 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 lable and have. \n+00031e00: 2020 2020 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 columns and \n+00031e10: 726f 7773 206f 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2032 rows of 80 and 2\n+00031e20: 3520 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e20 5 respectively. \n+00031e30: 204d 6f64 6520 3120 6d61 7920 6265 2064 Mode 1 may be d\n+00031e40: 6566 696e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 efined. and \n+00031e50: 6966 2073 6f20 6d75 7374 2068 6176 6520 if so must have \n+00031e60: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n+00031e70: 206f 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2035 3020 7265 of 80 and 50 re\n+00031e80: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 spectively.. \n+00031e90: 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 6573 Any other modes\n+00031ea0: 206d 6179 2068 6176 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e may have column\n+00031eb0: 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 2061 7262 6974 s and rows arbit\n+00031ec0: 7261 7269 6c79 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 rarily defined b\n+00031ed0: 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 y. the firmw\n+00031ee0: 6172 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 are. This means\n+00031ef0: 2074 6861 7420 6120 6d6f 6465 2077 6974 that a mode wit\n+00031f00: 6820 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f h columns and ro\n+00031f10: 7773 206f 6620 3130 300a 2020 2020 2061 ws of 100. a\n+00031f20: 6e64 2033 3120 6f6e 206f 6e65 2066 6972 nd 31 on one fir\n+00031f30: 6d77 6172 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2064 mware may be a d\n+00031f40: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 ifferent mode nu\n+00031f50: 6d62 6572 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2064 mber on a. d\n+00031f60: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 ifferent firmwar\n+00031f70: 6520 6f72 206e 6f74 2065 7869 7374 2061 e or not exist a\n+00031f80: 7420 616c 6c2e 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 t all. Likewise\n+00031f90: 2c20 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 3220 , mode number 2 \n+00031fa0: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6520 6669 726d on. one firm\n+00031fb0: 7761 7265 206d 6179 2068 6176 6520 6120 ware may have a \n+00031fc0: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 different number\n+00031fd0: 206f 6620 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 of columns and \n+00031fe0: 726f 7773 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 206d rows than. m\n+00031ff0: 6f64 6520 3220 6f6e 2061 2064 6966 6665 ode 2 on a diffe\n+00032000: 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 rent firmware. \n+00032010: 536f 206f 6e65 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f So one should no\n+00032020: 7420 7265 6c79 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 t rely on a. \n+00032030: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 particular mode\n+00032040: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 number or a mod\n+00032050: 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6572 7461 696e 206e e of a certain n\n+00032060: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 umber of columns\n+00032070: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 726f 7773 2065 and. rows e\n+00032080: 7869 7374 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 6c6c 2066 xisting on all f\n+00032090: 6972 6d77 6172 6573 2c20 6578 6365 7074 irmwares, except\n+000320a0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f64 6520 302e 0a0a 2020 for mode 0... \n+000320b0: 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6869 7320 636f Note: This co\n+000320c0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 mmand is only av\n+000320d0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2045 4649 2070 ailable on EFI p\n+000320e0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 6e64 2069 730a latforms and is.\n+000320f0: 2020 2020 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 similar to \n+00032100: 4546 4920 7368 656c 6c20 226d 6f64 6522 EFI shell \"mode\"\n+00032110: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c command.....Fil\n+00032120: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00032130: 6f64 653a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: eval, Next\n+00032140: 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2050 7265 763a : export, Prev:\n+00032150: 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 efitextmode, U\n+00032160: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00032170: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n+00032180: 3620 6576 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6 eval.---------\n+00032190: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+000321a0: 3a20 6576 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e : eval string ..\n+000321b0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 .. Concatena\n+000321c0: 7465 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f67 te arguments tog\n+000321d0: 6574 6865 7220 7573 696e 6720 7369 6e67 ether using sing\n+000321e0: 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2061 7320 7365 7061 le space as sepa\n+000321f0: 7261 746f 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 rator and. e\n+00032200: 7661 6c75 6174 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2061 valuate result a\n+00032210: 7320 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 4752 s sequence of GR\n+00032220: 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a UB commands.....\n+00032230: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00032240: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 Node: export, \n+00032250: 204e 6578 743a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2050 Next: false, P\n+00032260: 7265 763a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: eval, Up: \n+00032270: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00032280: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3237 2065 mands..17.4.27 e\n+00032290: 7870 6f72 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d xport.----------\n+000322a0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+000322b0: 643a 2065 7870 6f72 7420 656e 7676 6172 d: export envvar\n+000322c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4578 706f 7274 2074 6865 . Export the\n+000322d0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000322e0: 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e20 2045 iable ENVVAR. E\n+000322f0: 7870 6f72 7465 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 xported variable\n+00032300: 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2076 6973 6962 s are. visib\n+00032310: 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 6273 6964 6961 7279 le to subsidiary\n+00032320: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00032330: 696c 6573 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e iles loaded usin\n+00032340: 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 g. ...config\n+00032350: 6669 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 file........File\n+00032360: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00032370: 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 4e65 7874 de: false, Next\n+00032380: 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 5072 6576 : fwsetup, Prev\n+00032390: 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : export, Up: C\n+000323a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+000323b0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3820 6661 ands..17.4.28 fa\n+000323c0: 6c73 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lse.------------\n+000323d0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+000323e0: 6661 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f false. Do no\n+000323f0: 7468 696e 672c 2075 6e73 7563 6365 7373 thing, unsuccess\n+00032400: 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 fully. This is \n+00032410: 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e mainly useful in\n+00032420: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f control. co\n+00032430: 6e73 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 nstructs such as\n+00032440: 20e2 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 ...if... and ..\n+00032450: 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 .while... (*note\n+00032460: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 Shell-like scri\n+00032470: 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c pting::).....Fil\n+00032480: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00032490: 6f64 653a 2066 7773 6574 7570 2c20 204e ode: fwsetup, N\n+000324a0: 6578 743a 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 2050 ext: gdbinfo, P\n+000324b0: 7265 763a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2055 703a rev: false, Up:\n+000324c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+000324d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3920 mmands..17.4.29 \n+000324e0: 6677 7365 7475 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fwsetup.--------\n+000324f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00032500: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6677 7365 7475 7020 5b2d mand: fwsetup [-\n+00032510: 2d69 732d 7375 7070 6f72 7465 645d 0a20 -is-supported]. \n+00032520: 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2069 6e74 6f20 Reboot into \n+00032530: 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 6574 the firmware set\n+00032540: 7570 206d 656e 752e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 up menu. If ...\n+00032550: 2d2d 6973 2d73 7570 706f 7274 6564 e280 --is-supported..\n+00032560: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 . option is. \n+00032570: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 696e 7374 specified, inst\n+00032580: 6561 6420 6368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 ead check whethe\n+00032590: 7220 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 r the firmware s\n+000325a0: 7570 706f 7274 7320 6120 7365 7475 7020 upports a setup \n+000325b0: 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 menu. and ex\n+000325c0: 6974 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 it successfully \n+000325d0: 6966 2073 6f2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 if so.....File: \n+000325e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000325f0: 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 : gdbinfo, Next\n+00032600: 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 5072 6576 : gettext, Prev\n+00032610: 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 5570 3a20 : fwsetup, Up: \n+00032620: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00032630: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3330 2067 mands..17.4.30 g\n+00032640: 6462 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dbinfo.---------\n+00032650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00032660: 616e 643a 2067 6462 696e 666f 0a20 2020 and: gdbinfo. \n+00032670: 2020 4f75 7470 7574 2074 6578 7420 746f Output text to\n+00032680: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 6120 4744 be used as a GD\n+00032690: 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 666f 7220 6120 B command for a \n+000326a0: 4744 4220 7365 7373 696f 6e20 7573 696e GDB session usin\n+000326b0: 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2067 6462 5f67 g the. gdb_g\n+000326c0: 7275 6220 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2061 rub script and a\n+000326d0: 7474 6163 6865 6420 746f 2061 2072 756e ttached to a run\n+000326e0: 6e69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 616e ning GRUB instan\n+000326f0: 6365 2e20 2054 6865 2047 4442 0a20 2020 ce. The GDB. \n+00032700: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7468 6174 2069 command that i\n+00032710: 7320 6f75 7470 7574 2077 696c 6c20 7465 s output will te\n+00032720: 6c6c 2047 4442 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6c6f ll GDB how to lo\n+00032730: 6164 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2073 796d ad debugging sym\n+00032740: 626f 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 bols. to the\n+00032750: 6972 2070 726f 7065 7220 7275 6e74 696d ir proper runtim\n+00032760: 6520 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 4375 7272 e address. Curr\n+00032770: 656e 746c 7920 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e ently this is on\n+00032780: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 ly available. \n+00032790: 2020 666f 7220 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f for EFI platfo\n+000327a0: 726d 732e 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 4465 rms. See the De\n+000327b0: 6275 6767 696e 6720 696e 2074 6865 2064 bugging in the d\n+000327c0: 6576 656c 6f70 6572 0a20 2020 2020 646f eveloper. do\n+000327d0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 cumentation for \n+000327e0: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n+000327f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00032800: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6574 info, Node: get\n+00032810: 7465 7874 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7074 text, Next: gpt\n+00032820: 7379 6e63 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6462 sync, Prev: gdb\n+00032830: 696e 666f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 info, Up: Comma\n+00032840: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00032850: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3120 6765 7474 6578 ..17.4.31 gettex\n+00032860: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+00032870: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00032880: 6765 7474 6578 7420 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 gettext string. \n+00032890: 2020 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 5354 Translate ST\n+000328a0: 5249 4e47 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6375 RING into the cu\n+000328b0: 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a rrent language..\n+000328c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e . The curren\n+000328d0: 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6f64 6520 t language code \n+000328e0: 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 is stored in the\n+000328f0: 20e2 8098 6c61 6e67 e280 9920 7661 7269 ...lang... vari\n+00032900: 6162 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 able in. GRU\n+00032910: 4227 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 B's environment \n+00032920: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 616e 673a 3a29 2e20 (*note lang::). \n+00032930: 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c Translation fil\n+00032940: 6573 2069 6e20 4d4f 2066 6f72 6d61 740a es in MO format.\n+00032950: 2020 2020 2061 7265 2072 6561 6420 6672 are read fr\n+00032960: 6f6d 20e2 8098 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 om ...locale_dir\n+00032970: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f63 616c ... (*note local\n+00032980: 655f 6469 723a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c e_dir::), usuall\n+00032990: 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f y. .../boot/\n+000329a0: 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e0a grub/locale.....\n+000329b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000329c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7074 7379 fo, Node: gptsy\n+000329d0: 6e63 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 616c 742c nc, Next: halt,\n+000329e0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c Prev: gettext,\n+000329f0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00032a00: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00032a10: 342e 3332 2067 7074 7379 6e63 0a2d 2d2d 4.32 gptsync.---\n+00032a20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00032a30: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 7074 7379 - Command: gptsy\n+00032a40: 6e63 2064 6576 6963 6520 5b70 6172 7469 nc device [parti\n+00032a50: 7469 6f6e 5b2b 2f2d 5b74 7970 655d 5d5d tion[+/-[type]]]\n+00032a60: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 736b 7320 .... Disks \n+00032a70: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 using the GUID P\n+00032a80: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 artition Table (\n+00032a90: 4750 5429 2061 6c73 6f20 6861 7665 2061 GPT) also have a\n+00032aa0: 206c 6567 6163 790a 2020 2020 204d 6173 legacy. Mas\n+00032ab0: 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 ter Boot Record \n+00032ac0: 284d 4252 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 (MBR) partition \n+00032ad0: 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 table for compat\n+00032ae0: 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 ibility with the\n+00032af0: 0a20 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2077 . BIOS and w\n+00032b00: 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 6f70 6572 6174 ith older operat\n+00032b10: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 5468 ing systems. Th\n+00032b20: 6520 6c65 6761 6379 204d 4252 2063 616e e legacy MBR can\n+00032b30: 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2072 6570 7265 only. repre\n+00032b40: 7365 6e74 2061 206c 696d 6974 6564 2073 sent a limited s\n+00032b50: 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2047 5054 2070 6172 ubset of GPT par\n+00032b60: 7469 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a tition entries..\n+00032b70: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n+00032b80: 6e64 2070 6f70 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 nd populates the\n+00032b90: 206c 6567 6163 7920 4d42 5220 7769 7468 legacy MBR with\n+00032ba0: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2050 the specified P\n+00032bb0: 4152 5449 5449 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 656e ARTITION. en\n+00032bc0: 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2044 4556 4943 452e tries on DEVICE.\n+00032bd0: 2020 5570 2074 6f20 7468 7265 6520 7061 Up to three pa\n+00032be0: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 rtitions may be \n+00032bf0: 7573 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 used... TYPE\n+00032c00: 2069 7320 616e 204d 4252 2070 6172 7469 is an MBR parti\n+00032c10: 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 tion type code; \n+00032c20: 7072 6566 6978 2077 6974 6820 e280 9830 prefix with ...0\n+00032c30: 78e2 8099 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 x... if you want\n+00032c40: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6572 2074 to. enter t\n+00032c50: 6869 7320 696e 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d his in hexadecim\n+00032c60: 616c 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6570 6172 6174 al. The separat\n+00032c70: 6f72 2062 6574 7765 656e 2050 4152 5449 or between PARTI\n+00032c80: 5449 4f4e 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5459 TION and. TY\n+00032c90: 5045 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 982b e280 PE may be ...+..\n+00032ca0: 9920 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 . to make the pa\n+00032cb0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6163 7469 7665 2c20 rtition active, \n+00032cc0: 6f72 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 or ...-... to ma\n+00032cd0: 6b65 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e61 6374 ke it. inact\n+00032ce0: 6976 653b 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 7061 ive; only one pa\n+00032cf0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2061 rtition may be a\n+00032d00: 6374 6976 652e 2020 4966 2062 6f74 6820 ctive. If both \n+00032d10: 7468 6520 7365 7061 7261 746f 720a 2020 the separator. \n+00032d20: 2020 2061 6e64 2074 7970 6520 6172 6520 and type are \n+00032d30: 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 omitted, then th\n+00032d40: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c e partition will\n+00032d50: 2062 6520 696e 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f be inactive....\n+00032d60: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00032d70: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 616c 742c 2020 , Node: halt, \n+00032d80: 4e65 7874 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 Next: hashsum, \n+00032d90: 5072 6576 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 Prev: gptsync, \n+00032da0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00032db0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00032dc0: 3333 2068 616c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 33 halt.--------\n+00032dd0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00032de0: 643a 2068 616c 7420 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 d: halt [--no-ap\n+00032df0: 6d5d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d m]. The comm\n+00032e00: 616e 6420 6861 6c74 7320 7468 6520 636f and halts the co\n+00032e10: 6d70 7574 6572 2e20 204f 6e20 7468 6520 mputer. On the \n+00032e20: 6933 3836 2d70 6320 7461 7267 6574 2c20 i386-pc target, \n+00032e30: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f the. ...--no\n+00032e40: 2d61 706d e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 -apm... option, \n+00032e50: 6f72 2073 686f 7274 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 or short ...-n..\n+00032e60: 992c 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c ., is specified,\n+00032e70: 206e 6f20 4150 4d20 4249 4f53 2063 616c no APM BIOS cal\n+00032e80: 6c20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7266 6f72 l is. perfor\n+00032e90: 6d65 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c med. Otherwise,\n+00032ea0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6973 the computer is\n+00032eb0: 2073 6875 7420 646f 776e 2075 7369 6e67 shut down using\n+00032ec0: 2041 504d 206f 6e20 7468 6174 0a20 2020 APM on that. \n+00032ed0: 2020 7461 7267 6574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c target.....Fil\n+00032ee0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00032ef0: 6f64 653a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 204e ode: hashsum, N\n+00032f00: 6578 743a 2068 656c 702c 2020 5072 6576 ext: help, Prev\n+00032f10: 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : halt, Up: Com\n+00032f20: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00032f30: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3420 6861 7368 ds..17.4.34 hash\n+00032f40: 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sum.------------\n+00032f50: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00032f60: 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 : hashsum --hash\n+00032f70: 2068 6173 6820 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 hash --keep-goi\n+00032f80: 6e67 202d 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 ng --uncompress \n+00032f90: 2d2d 6368 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 --check file. \n+00032fa0: 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 [--prefix\n+00032fb0: 2064 6972 5d7c 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 dir]|file .... \n+00032fc0: 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2076 Compute or v\n+00032fd0: 6572 6966 7920 6669 6c65 2068 6173 6865 erify file hashe\n+00032fe0: 732e 2020 4861 7368 2074 7970 6520 6973 s. Hash type is\n+00032ff0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7769 7468 206f selected with o\n+00033000: 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d ption. ...--\n+00033010: 6861 7368 e280 992e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 hash.... Suppor\n+00033020: 7465 6420 6861 7368 6573 2061 7265 3a20 ted hashes are: \n+00033030: e280 9861 646c 6572 3332 e280 992c 20e2 ...adler32..., .\n+00033040: 8098 6372 6336 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 ..crc64..., ...c\n+00033050: 7263 3332 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 rc32...,. ..\n+00033060: 9863 7263 3332 7266 6331 3531 30e2 8099 .crc32rfc1510...\n+00033070: 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3234 7266 6332 3434 , ...crc24rfc244\n+00033080: 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6434 e280 992c 0..., ...md4...,\n+00033090: 20e2 8098 6d64 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 9872 ...md5..., ...r\n+000330a0: 6970 656d 6431 3630 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ipemd160..., ...\n+000330b0: 7368 6131 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 sha1...,. ..\n+000330c0: 9873 6861 3232 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 .sha224..., ...s\n+000330d0: 6861 3235 36e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 ha256..., ...sha\n+000330e0: 3531 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3338 512..., ...sha38\n+000330f0: 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 3139 4..., ...tiger19\n+00033100: 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 e280 2..., ...tiger..\n+00033110: 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 6967 6572 .,. ...tiger\n+00033120: 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9877 6869 726c 706f 2..., ...whirlpo\n+00033130: 6f6c e280 992e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 ol.... Option .\n+00033140: 8098 2d2d 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 e280 ..--uncompress..\n+00033150: 9920 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6573 2066 . uncompresses f\n+00033160: 696c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6265 666f 7265 iles. before\n+00033170: 2063 6f6d 7075 7469 6e67 2068 6173 682e computing hash.\n+00033180: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 .. When list\n+00033190: 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7320 6973 2067 6976 of files is giv\n+000331a0: 656e 2c20 6861 7368 206f 6620 6561 6368 en, hash of each\n+000331b0: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 file is compute\n+000331c0: 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 d and. print\n+000331d0: 6564 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 ed, followed by \n+000331e0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2065 6163 6820 file name, each \n+000331f0: 6669 6c65 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 7720 6c69 file on a new li\n+00033200: 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 206f ne... When o\n+00033210: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d63 6865 636b ption ...--check\n+00033220: e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 ... is given, it\n+00033230: 2070 6f69 6e74 7320 746f 2061 2066 696c points to a fil\n+00033240: 6520 7468 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 730a e that contains.\n+00033250: 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2048 4153 list of HAS\n+00033260: 4820 4e41 4d45 2070 6169 7273 2069 6e20 H NAME pairs in \n+00033270: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 the same format \n+00033280: 6173 2075 7365 6420 6279 2055 4e49 5820 as used by UNIX \n+00033290: e280 986d 6435 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 ...md5sum.... \n+000332a0: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 4f70 7469 command. Opti\n+000332b0: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 e280 on ...--prefix..\n+000332c0: 9920 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f . may be used to\n+000332d0: 2067 6976 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 give directory \n+000332e0: 7768 6572 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 where. files\n+000332f0: 2061 7265 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2e20 2048 are located. H\n+00033300: 6173 6820 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ash verification\n+00033310: 2073 746f 7073 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 stops after the\n+00033320: 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6d69 736d first. mism\n+00033330: 6174 6368 2077 6173 2066 6f75 6e64 2075 atch was found u\n+00033340: 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 nless option ...\n+00033350: 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 e280 9920 --keep-going... \n+00033360: 7761 7320 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 650a was given. The.\n+00033370: 2020 2020 2065 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 exit code .\n+00033380: 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ..$?... is set t\n+00033390: 6f20 3020 6966 2068 6173 6820 7665 7269 o 0 if hash veri\n+000333a0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 6363 fication is succ\n+000333b0: 6573 7366 756c 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 essful. If. \n+000333c0: 2069 7420 6661 696c 732c 20e2 8098 243f it fails, ...$?\n+000333d0: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 ... is set to a \n+000333e0: 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a nonzero value...\n+000333f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00033400: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 o, Node: help, \n+00033410: 204e 6578 743a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 Next: hexdump, \n+00033420: 2050 7265 763a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 Prev: hashsum, \n+00033430: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00033440: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00033450: 2e33 3520 6865 6c70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .35 help.-------\n+00033460: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00033470: 6e64 3a20 6865 6c70 205b 7061 7474 6572 nd: help [patter\n+00033480: 6e20 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 n ...]. Disp\n+00033490: 6c61 7920 6865 6c70 6675 6c20 696e 666f lay helpful info\n+000334a0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 6275 rmation about bu\n+000334b0: 696c 7469 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 iltin commands. \n+000334c0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 0a20 If you do not. \n+000334d0: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7920 5041 5454 specify PATT\n+000334e0: 4552 4e2c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e ERN, this comman\n+000334f0: 6420 7368 6f77 7320 7368 6f72 7420 6465 d shows short de\n+00033500: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e73 206f 6620 616c scriptions of al\n+00033510: 6c0a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 l. available\n+00033520: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 commands... \n+00033530: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 If you specify \n+00033540: 616e 7920 5041 5454 4552 4e53 2c20 6974 any PATTERNS, it\n+00033550: 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 6c6f 6e67 6572 displays longer\n+00033560: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f information abo\n+00033570: 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6561 6368 206f 6620 ut. each of \n+00033580: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 686f the commands who\n+00033590: 7365 206e 616d 6573 2062 6567 696e 2077 se names begin w\n+000335a0: 6974 6820 7468 6f73 6520 5041 5454 4552 ith those PATTER\n+000335b0: 4e53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 NS.....File: gru\n+000335c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 b.info, Node: h\n+000335d0: 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 exdump, Next: i\n+000335e0: 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6865 nsmod, Prev: he\n+000335f0: 6c70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 lp, Up: Command\n+00033600: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00033610: 3137 2e34 2e33 3620 6865 7864 756d 700a 17.4.36 hexdump.\n+00033620: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00033630: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 . -- Command: he\n+00033640: 7864 756d 7020 5b2d 2d73 6b69 7020 6f66 xdump [--skip of\n+00033650: 6673 6574 5d20 5b2d 2d6c 656e 6774 6820 fset] [--length \n+00033660: 6c65 6e5d 2046 494c 455f 4f52 5f44 4556 len] FILE_OR_DEV\n+00033670: 4943 450a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 7261 ICE. Show ra\n+00033680: 7720 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6120 w contents of a \n+00033690: 6669 6c65 206f 7220 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 file or memory. \n+000336a0: 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 When option ...\n+000336b0: 2d2d 736b 6970 e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 --skip... is. \n+000336c0: 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 given, ...offs\n+000336d0: 6574 e280 9920 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 et... number of \n+000336e0: 6279 7465 7320 6172 6520 736b 6970 7065 bytes are skippe\n+000336f0: 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 d from the start\n+00033700: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6576 of the. dev\n+00033710: 6963 6520 6f72 2066 696c 6520 6769 7665 ice or file give\n+00033720: 6e2e 2020 416e 6420 e280 982d 2d6c 656e n. And ...--len\n+00033730: 6774 68e2 8099 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7370 gth... allows sp\n+00033740: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2061 206d 6178 696d ecifying a maxim\n+00033750: 756d 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 206f um. number o\n+00033760: 6620 6279 7465 7320 746f 2062 6520 7368 f bytes to be sh\n+00033770: 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 own... If gi\n+00033780: 7665 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 ven the special \n+00033790: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 device named ...\n+000337a0: 286d 656d 29e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2074 (mem)..., then t\n+000337b0: 6865 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 he ...offset... \n+000337c0: 6769 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 given. to ..\n+000337d0: 982d 2d73 6b69 70e2 8099 2069 7320 7472 .--skip... is tr\n+000337e0: 6561 7465 6420 6173 2074 6865 2061 6464 eated as the add\n+000337f0: 7265 7373 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6d6f 7279 ress of a memory\n+00033800: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2064 756d location to dum\n+00033810: 700a 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a p. from.....\n+00033820: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00033830: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 Node: insmod, \n+00033840: 204e 6578 743a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 Next: keystatus\n+00033850: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 , Prev: hexdump\n+00033860: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00033870: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00033880: 2e34 2e33 3720 696e 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d .4.37 insmod.---\n+00033890: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+000338a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 Command: insmod\n+000338b0: 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 module. Ins\n+000338c0: 6572 7420 7468 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 6320 ert the dynamic \n+000338d0: 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6361 6c6c GRUB module call\n+000338e0: 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ed MODULE.....Fi\n+000338f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00033900: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c Node: keystatus,\n+00033910: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 Next: list_env\n+00033920: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c , Prev: insmod,\n+00033930: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00033940: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00033950: 342e 3338 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 0a2d 4.38 keystatus.-\n+00033960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00033970: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206b .. -- Command: k\n+00033980: 6579 7374 6174 7573 205b 2d2d 7368 6966 eystatus [--shif\n+00033990: 745d 205b 2d2d 6374 726c 5d20 5b2d 2d61 t] [--ctrl] [--a\n+000339a0: 6c74 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e20 lt]. Return \n+000339b0: 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 5368 6966 true if the Shif\n+000339c0: 742c 2043 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2c20 6f72 2041 t, Control, or A\n+000339d0: 6c74 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 6b65 7973 lt modifier keys\n+000339e0: 2061 7265 2068 656c 640a 2020 2020 2064 are held. d\n+000339f0: 6f77 6e2c 2061 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 own, as requeste\n+00033a00: 6420 6279 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 d by options. T\n+00033a10: 6869 7320 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e his is useful in\n+00033a20: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 746f 0a20 scripting, to. \n+00033a30: 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 736f 6d65 2075 allow some u\n+00033a40: 7365 7220 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 6f76 6572 ser control over\n+00033a50: 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 2077 6974 686f behaviour witho\n+00033a60: 7574 2068 6176 696e 6720 746f 2077 6169 ut having to wai\n+00033a70: 7420 666f 7220 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 t for a. key\n+00033a80: 7072 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 press... Che\n+00033a90: 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 cking key modifi\n+00033aa0: 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 206f 6e6c er status is onl\n+00033ab0: 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2073 y supported on s\n+00033ac0: 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a20 ome platforms.. \n+00033ad0: 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 If invoked w\n+00033ae0: 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 206f 7074 696f ithout any optio\n+00033af0: 6e73 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986b 6579 7374 ns, the ...keyst\n+00033b00: 6174 7573 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 atus... command \n+00033b10: 7265 7475 726e 730a 2020 2020 2074 7275 returns. tru\n+00033b20: 6520 6966 2061 6e64 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 e if and only if\n+00033b30: 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f checking key mo\n+00033b40: 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 difier status is\n+00033b50: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 supported.....F\n+00033b60: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00033b70: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c Node: list_env,\n+00033b80: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 Next: list_tru\n+00033b90: 7374 6564 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206b 6579 sted, Prev: key\n+00033ba0: 7374 6174 7573 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d status, Up: Com\n+00033bb0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00033bc0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3920 6c69 7374 ds..17.4.39 list\n+00033bd0: 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _env.-----------\n+00033be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00033bf0: 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d nd: list_env [--\n+00033c00: 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 file file]. \n+00033c10: 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 626c List all variabl\n+00033c20: 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f es in the enviro\n+00033c30: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 nment block file\n+00033c40: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 456e . *Note. En\n+00033c50: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a vironment block:\n+00033c60: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 :... The ...\n+00033c70: 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e --file... option\n+00033c80: 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 overrides the d\n+00033c90: 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 efault location \n+00033ca0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 of the. envi\n+00033cb0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a ronment block...\n+00033cc0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00033cd0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 o, Node: list_t\n+00033ce0: 7275 7374 6564 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c rusted, Next: l\n+00033cf0: 6f61 645f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 oad_env, Prev: \n+00033d00: 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 list_env, Up: C\n+00033d10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00033d20: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3020 6c69 ands..17.4.40 li\n+00033d30: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d st_trusted.-----\n+00033d40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00033d50: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 . -- Command: li\n+00033d60: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 st_trusted. \n+00033d70: 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2070 7562 6c69 6320 List all public \n+00033d80: 6b65 7973 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 7920 keys trusted by \n+00033d90: 4752 5542 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 6174 GRUB for validat\n+00033da0: 696e 6720 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2e0a ing signatures..\n+00033db0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7574 7075 7420 The output \n+00033dc0: 6973 2069 6e20 4750 4727 7320 7634 206b is in GPG's v4 k\n+00033dd0: 6579 2066 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 2066 ey fingerprint f\n+00033de0: 6f72 6d61 7420 2869 2e65 2e2c 2074 6865 ormat (i.e., the\n+00033df0: 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 206f 6620 output. of \n+00033e00: e280 9867 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 ...gpg --fingerp\n+00033e10: 7269 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 2054 6865 206c rint...). The l\n+00033e20: 6561 7374 2073 6967 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 east significant\n+00033e30: 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 286c 6173 four bytes (las\n+00033e40: 740a 2020 2020 2065 6967 6874 2068 6578 t. eight hex\n+00033e50: 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 adecimal digits)\n+00033e60: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 can be used as \n+00033e70: 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 20e2 an argument to .\n+00033e80: 8098 6469 7374 7275 7374 e280 990a 2020 ..distrust.... \n+00033e90: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 (*note distru\n+00033ea0: 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 st::). *Note Us\n+00033eb0: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n+00033ec0: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f atures::, for mo\n+00033ed0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 re. informat\n+00033ee0: 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7573 6573 2066 ion about uses f\n+00033ef0: 6f72 2074 6865 7365 206b 6579 732e 0a0a or these keys...\n+00033f00: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00033f10: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 o, Node: load_e\n+00033f20: 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 6466 nv, Next: loadf\n+00033f30: 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 ont, Prev: list\n+00033f40: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 _trusted, Up: C\n+00033f50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00033f60: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3120 6c6f ands..17.4.41 lo\n+00033f70: 6164 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ad_env.---------\n+00033f80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00033f90: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 205b mand: load_env [\n+00033fa0: 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 205b 2d2d --file file] [--\n+00033fb0: 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 skip-sig]. \n+00033fc0: 2020 2020 5b77 6869 7465 6c69 7374 6564 [whitelisted\n+00033fd0: 5f76 6172 6961 626c 655f 6e61 6d65 5d20 _variable_name] \n+00033fe0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 616c .... Load al\n+00033ff0: 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d l variables from\n+00034000: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n+00034010: 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 6520 696e 746f block file into\n+00034020: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f the. enviro\n+00034030: 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e nment. *Note En\n+00034040: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a vironment block:\n+00034050: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 :... The ...\n+00034060: 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e --file... option\n+00034070: 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 overrides the d\n+00034080: 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 efault location \n+00034090: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 of the. envi\n+000340a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a ronment block...\n+000340b0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b The ...--sk\n+000340c0: 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ip-sig... option\n+000340d0: 2073 6b69 7073 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 skips signature\n+000340e0: 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 6576 656e 2077 checking even w\n+000340f0: 6865 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c hen the. val\n+00034100: 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ue of environmen\n+00034110: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 t variable ...ch\n+00034120: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 eck_signatures..\n+00034130: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 . is set to. \n+00034140: 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2028 ...enforce... (\n+00034150: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e *note check_sign\n+00034160: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 atures::)... \n+00034170: 2049 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 If one or more \n+00034180: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2061 variable names a\n+00034190: 7265 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6173 2061 re provided as a\n+000341a0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7468 6579 2061 rguments, they a\n+000341b0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7270 7265 re. interpre\n+000341c0: 7465 6420 6173 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 ted as a whiteli\n+000341d0: 7374 206f 6620 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 st of variables \n+000341e0: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 to load from the\n+000341f0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n+00034200: 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 2056 t block file. V\n+00034210: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2073 6574 2069 6e20 ariables set in \n+00034220: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2062 7574 206e 6f74 the file but not\n+00034230: 2070 7265 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e present. in\n+00034240: 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2061 the whitelist a\n+00034250: 7265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 re ignored... \n+00034260: 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d The ...--skip-\n+00034270: 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7368 sig... option sh\n+00034280: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 ould be used wit\n+00034290: 6820 6361 7265 2c20 616e 6420 7368 6f75 h care, and shou\n+000342a0: 6c64 2061 6c77 6179 730a 2020 2020 2062 ld always. b\n+000342b0: 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 636f 6e63 6572 e used in concer\n+000342c0: 7420 7769 7468 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 t with a whiteli\n+000342d0: 7374 206f 6620 6163 6365 7074 6162 6c65 st of acceptable\n+000342e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 686f 7365 variables whose\n+000342f0: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6573 2073 686f . values sho\n+00034300: 756c 6420 6265 2073 6574 2e20 2046 6169 uld be set. Fai\n+00034310: 6c75 7265 2074 6f20 656d 706c 6f79 2061 lure to employ a\n+00034320: 2063 6172 6566 756c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7374 carefully const\n+00034330: 7275 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6974 ructed. whit\n+00034340: 656c 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 7265 7375 elist could resu\n+00034350: 6c74 2069 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 6120 lt in reading a \n+00034360: 6d61 6c69 6369 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 6520 malicious value \n+00034370: 696e 746f 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 2020 into critical. \n+00034380: 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 environment v\n+00034390: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ariables from th\n+000343a0: 6520 6669 6c65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 e file, such as \n+000343b0: 7365 7474 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 setting. ...\n+000343c0: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+000343d0: 3d6e 6fe2 8099 2c20 6d6f 6469 6679 696e =no..., modifyin\n+000343e0: 6720 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2074 g ...prefix... t\n+000343f0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 o boot from an. \n+00034400: 2020 2020 756e 6578 7065 6374 6564 206c unexpected l\n+00034410: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f72 206e 6f74 2061 ocation or not a\n+00034420: 7420 616c 6c2c 2065 7463 2e0a 0a20 2020 t all, etc... \n+00034430: 2020 5768 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 When used with\n+00034440: 2063 6172 652c 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 care, ...--skip\n+00034450: 2d73 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 -sig... and the \n+00034460: 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 656e 6162 6c65 whitelist enable\n+00034470: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 646d 696e 6973 an. adminis\n+00034480: 7472 6174 6f72 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 trator to config\n+00034490: 7572 6520 6120 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 ure a system to \n+000344a0: 626f 6f74 206f 6e6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 boot only signed\n+000344b0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . configurat\n+000344c0: 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 746f 2061 6c6c ions, but to all\n+000344d0: 6f77 2074 6865 2075 7365 7220 746f 2073 ow the user to s\n+000344e0: 656c 6563 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6d6f 6e67 elect from among\n+000344f0: 206d 756c 7469 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 multiple. c\n+00034500: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 onfigurations, a\n+00034510: 6e64 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2022 6f6e nd to enable \"on\n+00034520: 652d 7368 6f74 2220 626f 6f74 2061 7474 e-shot\" boot att\n+00034530: 656d 7074 7320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2022 empts and. \"\n+00034540: 7361 7665 6465 6661 756c 7422 2062 6568 savedefault\" beh\n+00034550: 6176 696f 722e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 avior. *Note Us\n+00034560: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n+00034570: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f atures::, for mo\n+00034580: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 re. informat\n+00034590: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+000345a0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000345b0: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a loadfont, Next:\n+000345c0: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 loopback, Prev\n+000345d0: 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a : load_env, Up:\n+000345e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+000345f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3220 mmands..17.4.42 \n+00034600: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d loadfont.-------\n+00034610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00034620: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 ommand: loadfont\n+00034630: 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c file .... L\n+00034640: 6f61 6420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 666f oad specified fo\n+00034650: 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2055 6e6c 6573 nt files. Unles\n+00034660: 7320 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2070 6174 686e s absolute pathn\n+00034670: 616d 6520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 4649 ame is given, FI\n+00034680: 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7373 756d LE. is assum\n+00034690: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 6469 7265 ed to be in dire\n+000346a0: 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 ctory ...$prefix\n+000346b0: 2f66 6f6e 7473 e280 9920 7769 7468 2073 /fonts... with s\n+000346c0: 7566 6669 7820 e280 982e 7066 32e2 8099 uffix ....pf2...\n+000346d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2e20 . appended. \n+000346e0: 202a 4e6f 7465 2046 6f6e 7473 3a20 5468 *Note Fonts: Th\n+000346f0: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e eme file format.\n+00034700: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00034710: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 nfo, Node: loop\n+00034720: 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 732c back, Next: ls,\n+00034730: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 Prev: loadfont\n+00034740: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00034750: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00034760: 2e34 2e34 3320 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a2d .4.43 loopback.-\n+00034770: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00034780: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f . -- Command: lo\n+00034790: 6f70 6261 636b 205b 2d64 5d20 5b2d 445d opback [-d] [-D]\n+000347a0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 device file. \n+000347b0: 2020 4d61 6b65 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 Make the devic\n+000347c0: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4445 5649 4345 2063 e named DEVICE c\n+000347d0: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 746f 2074 6865 orrespond to the\n+000347e0: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 contents of the\n+000347f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d . filesystem\n+00034800: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 image in FILE. \n+00034810: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 For example:.. \n+00034820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 loopbac\n+00034830: 6b20 6c6f 6f70 3020 2f70 6174 682f 746f k loop0 /path/to\n+00034840: 2f69 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 /image. \n+00034850: 206c 7320 286c 6f6f 7030 292f 0a0a 2020 ls (loop0)/.. \n+00034860: 2020 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 Specifying th\n+00034870: 6520 e280 982d 44e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-D... optio\n+00034880: 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 206c 6f6f n allows the loo\n+00034890: 7062 6163 6b20 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 6265 pback file to be\n+000348a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 7061 7265 6e74 . tranparent\n+000348b0: 6c79 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 ly decompressed \n+000348c0: 6966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2061 if there is an a\n+000348d0: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2064 6563 6f6d ppropriate decom\n+000348e0: 7072 6573 736f 720a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 pressor. loa\n+000348f0: 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 ded... With \n+00034900: 7468 6520 e280 982d 64e2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-d... opt\n+00034910: 696f 6e2c 2064 656c 6574 6520 6120 6465 ion, delete a de\n+00034920: 7669 6365 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 vice previously \n+00034930: 6372 6561 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 created using th\n+00034940: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e is. command.\n+00034950: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00034960: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 2c20 nfo, Node: ls, \n+00034970: 204e 6578 743a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 Next: lsfonts, \n+00034980: 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c Prev: loopback,\n+00034990: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+000349a0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+000349b0: 342e 3434 206c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.44 ls.--------\n+000349c0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+000349d0: 206c 7320 5b61 7267 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 ls [arg ...]. \n+000349e0: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 List devices \n+000349f0: 6f72 2066 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 or files... \n+00034a00: 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 With no argument\n+00034a10: 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2061 6c6c 2064 6576 s, print all dev\n+00034a20: 6963 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 4752 ices known to GR\n+00034a30: 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 UB... If the\n+00034a40: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2064 argument is a d\n+00034a50: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2065 6e63 6c6f evice name enclo\n+00034a60: 7365 6420 696e 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 sed in parenthes\n+00034a70: 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2044 es (*note. D\n+00034a80: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c evice syntax::),\n+00034a90: 2074 6865 6e20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 then print the \n+00034aa0: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 name of the file\n+00034ab0: 7379 7374 656d 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 system of that. \n+00034ac0: 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 device... \n+00034ad0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e If the argumen\n+00034ae0: 7420 6973 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 t is a directory\n+00034af0: 2067 6976 656e 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 given as an abs\n+00034b00: 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a olute file name.\n+00034b10: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 (*note File\n+00034b20: 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c name syntax::),\n+00034b30: 2074 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2063 then list the c\n+00034b40: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6861 740a ontents of that.\n+00034b50: 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e0a directory..\n+00034b60: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00034b70: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 7366 6f6e fo, Node: lsfon\n+00034b80: 7473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 736d 6f64 ts, Next: lsmod\n+00034b90: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 732c 2020 5570 , Prev: ls, Up\n+00034ba0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00034bb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3435 ommands..17.4.45\n+00034bc0: 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lsfonts.-------\n+00034bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00034be0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a20 mmand: lsfonts. \n+00034bf0: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 6465 6420 List loaded \n+00034c00: 666f 6e74 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 fonts.....File: \n+00034c10: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00034c20: 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : lsmod, Next: \n+00034c30: 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c md5sum, Prev: l\n+00034c40: 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d sfonts, Up: Com\n+00034c50: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00034c60: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3620 6c73 6d6f ds..17.4.46 lsmo\n+00034c70: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a d.-------------.\n+00034c80: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 . -- Command: ls\n+00034c90: 6d6f 640a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 6c69 mod. Show li\n+00034ca0: 7374 206f 6620 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 6f64 st of loaded mod\n+00034cb0: 756c 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ules.....File: g\n+00034cc0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00034cd0: 206d 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 md5sum, Next: \n+00034ce0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c module, Prev: l\n+00034cf0: 736d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 smod, Up: Comma\n+00034d00: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00034d10: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3720 6d64 3573 756d ..17.4.47 md5sum\n+00034d20: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+00034d30: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d64 . -- Command: md\n+00034d40: 3573 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 5sum arg .... \n+00034d50: 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 Alias for ...h\n+00034d60: 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6d64 ashsum --hash md\n+00034d70: 3520 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 5 arg ....... S\n+00034d80: 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 ee command ...ha\n+00034d90: 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a shsum.... (*\n+00034da0: 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 note hashsum::) \n+00034db0: 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 for full descrip\n+00034dc0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+00034dd0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00034de0: 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 module, Next: \n+00034df0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 multiboot, Prev\n+00034e00: 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : md5sum, Up: C\n+00034e10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00034e20: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3820 6d6f ands..17.4.48 mo\n+00034e30: 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dule.-----------\n+00034e40: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00034e50: 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e : module [--noun\n+00034e60: 7a69 705d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d zip] file [argum\n+00034e70: 656e 7473 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 ents]. Load \n+00034e80: 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 756c a module for mul\n+00034e90: 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d tiboot kernel im\n+00034ea0: 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f age. The rest o\n+00034eb0: 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 f the line is. \n+00034ec0: 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 passed verbat\n+00034ed0: 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 im as the module\n+00034ee0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a0a command line...\n+00034ef0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00034f00: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 o, Node: multib\n+00034f10: 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e61 7469 oot, Next: nati\n+00034f20: 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d vedisk, Prev: m\n+00034f30: 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d odule, Up: Comm\n+00034f40: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00034f50: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3439 206d 756c 7469 s..17.4.49 multi\n+00034f60: 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d boot.-----------\n+00034f70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00034f80: 616e 643a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 205b and: multiboot [\n+00034f90: 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 --quirk-bad-klud\n+00034fa0: 6765 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ge]. [-\n+00034fb0: 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 -quirk-modules-a\n+00034fc0: 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c5d 2066 696c fter-kernel] fil\n+00034fd0: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 e .... Load \n+00034fe0: 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e a multiboot kern\n+00034ff0: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 el image from FI\n+00035000: 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 LE. The rest of\n+00035010: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 the line is. \n+00035020: 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 passed verbati\n+00035030: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e m as the ...kern\n+00035040: 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 el command-line.\n+00035050: 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 6f64 756c 6520 ... Any module \n+00035060: 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c must be. rel\n+00035070: 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e oaded after usin\n+00035080: 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 g this command (\n+00035090: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 292e *note module::).\n+000350a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e .. Some kern\n+000350b0: 656c 7320 6861 7665 206b 6e6f 776e 2070 els have known p\n+000350c0: 726f 626c 656d 732e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 roblems. You ne\n+000350d0: 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 2d71 ed to specify -q\n+000350e0: 7569 726b 2d2a 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 uirk-* for. \n+000350f0: 7468 6f73 652e 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 those. -quirk-b\n+00035100: 6164 2d6b 6c75 6467 6520 6973 2061 2070 ad-kludge is a p\n+00035110: 726f 626c 656d 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2073 roblem seen in s\n+00035120: 6576 6572 616c 2070 726f 6475 6374 730a everal products.\n+00035130: 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7468 6579 2069 that they i\n+00035140: 6e63 6c75 6465 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206b nclude loading k\n+00035150: 6c75 6467 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f ludge informatio\n+00035160: 6e20 7769 7468 2069 6e76 616c 6964 2064 n with invalid d\n+00035170: 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 454c 4620 ata in. ELF \n+00035180: 6669 6c65 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7072 696f file. GRUB prio\n+00035190: 7220 746f 2030 2e39 3720 616e 6420 736f r to 0.97 and so\n+000351a0: 6d65 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6275 696c 6473 me custom builds\n+000351b0: 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2045 4c46 0a20 preferred ELF. \n+000351c0: 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 information \n+000351d0: 7768 696c 6520 302e 3937 2061 6e64 2047 while 0.97 and G\n+000351e0: 5255 4220 3220 7573 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 RUB 2 use kludge\n+000351f0: 2e20 2055 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 . Use this opti\n+00035200: 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 on to. ignor\n+00035210: 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 204b 6e6f 776e e kludge. Known\n+00035220: 2061 6666 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d affected system\n+00035230: 733a 206f 6c64 2053 6f6c 6172 6973 2c20 s: old Solaris, \n+00035240: 536b 794f 532e 0a0a 2020 2020 202d 7175 SkyOS... -qu\n+00035250: 6972 6b2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 irk-modules-afte\n+00035260: 722d 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 6e65 6564 r-kernel is need\n+00035270: 6564 2066 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2077 ed for kernels w\n+00035280: 6869 6368 206c 6f61 6420 6174 0a20 2020 hich load at. \n+00035290: 2020 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2068 6967 relatively hig\n+000352a0: 6820 6164 6472 6573 7320 652e 672e 2020 h address e.g. \n+000352b0: 3136 4d69 4220 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2063 16MiB mark and c\n+000352c0: 616e 2774 2063 6f70 6520 7769 7468 0a20 an't cope with. \n+000352d0: 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7374 7566 modules stuf\n+000352e0: 6665 6420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 314d 6942 fed between 1MiB\n+000352f0: 206d 6172 6b20 616e 6420 6265 6769 6e6e mark and beginn\n+00035300: 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 ing of the kerne\n+00035310: 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 l.. Known af\n+00035320: 6674 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a ftected systems:\n+00035330: 2056 4d57 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 VMWare.....File\n+00035340: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00035350: 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 de: nativedisk, \n+00035360: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 Next: normal, \n+00035370: 5072 6576 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c Prev: multiboot,\n+00035380: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00035390: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+000353a0: 342e 3530 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 4.50 nativedisk.\n+000353b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000353c0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+000353d0: 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2020 2020 nativedisk. \n+000353e0: 2053 7769 7463 6820 6672 6f6d 2066 6972 Switch from fir\n+000353f0: 6d77 6172 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 mware disk drive\n+00035400: 7273 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 206f 6e65 rs to native one\n+00035410: 732e 2020 5265 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6675 s. Really usefu\n+00035420: 6c0a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 l. only on p\n+00035430: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2062 latforms where b\n+00035440: 6f74 6820 6669 726d 7761 7265 2061 6e64 oth firmware and\n+00035450: 206e 6174 6976 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 native disk dri\n+00035460: 7665 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2061 7661 ves are. ava\n+00035470: 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 ilable. Current\n+00035480: 6c79 2069 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 ly i386-pc, i386\n+00035490: 2d65 6669 2c20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 -efi, i386-ieee1\n+000354a0: 3237 3520 616e 640a 2020 2020 2078 3836 275 and. x86\n+000354b0: 5f36 342d 6566 692e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 _64-efi.....File\n+000354c0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000354d0: 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 de: normal, Nex\n+000354e0: 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 t: normal_exit, \n+000354f0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 Prev: nativedis\n+00035500: 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d k, Up: Command-\n+00035510: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00035520: 372e 342e 3531 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 7.4.51 normal.--\n+00035530: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00035540: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 - Command: norma\n+00035550: 6c20 5b66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 456e l [file]. En\n+00035560: 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 ter normal mode \n+00035570: 616e 6420 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 and display the \n+00035580: 4752 5542 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 GRUB menu... \n+00035590: 2049 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c In normal mode,\n+000355a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2066 696c 6573 commands, files\n+000355b0: 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 ystem modules, a\n+000355c0: 6e64 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 790a nd cryptography.\n+000355d0: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 modules are\n+000355e0: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 206c automatically l\n+000355f0: 6f61 6465 642c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 oaded, and the f\n+00035600: 756c 6c20 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 ull GRUB script \n+00035610: 7061 7273 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 parser. is a\n+00035620: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 vailable. Other\n+00035630: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 modules may be \n+00035640: 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 explicitly loade\n+00035650: 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 d using. ...\n+00035660: 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 insmod... (*note\n+00035670: 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 insmod::)... \n+00035680: 2020 4966 2061 2046 494c 4520 6973 2067 If a FILE is g\n+00035690: 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 iven, then comma\n+000356a0: 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 nds will be read\n+000356b0: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6174 2066 696c 652e from that file.\n+000356c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c . Otherwise,\n+000356d0: 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 they will be re\n+000356e0: 6164 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9824 7072 6566 ad from ...$pref\n+000356f0: 6978 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 ix/grub.cfg... i\n+00035700: 6620 6974 2065 7869 7374 732e 0a0a 2020 f it exists... \n+00035710: 2020 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 ...normal... \n+00035720: 6d61 7920 6265 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6672 may be called fr\n+00035730: 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c om within normal\n+00035740: 206d 6f64 652c 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 mode, creating \n+00035750: 6120 6e65 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 656e a nested. en\n+00035760: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 4974 2069 vironment. It i\n+00035770: 7320 6d6f 7265 2075 7375 616c 2074 6f20 s more usual to \n+00035780: 7573 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c use ...configfil\n+00035790: 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 e... (*note. \n+000357a0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2066 configfile::) f\n+000357b0: 6f72 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 or this.....File\n+000357c0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000357d0: 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c de: normal_exit,\n+000357e0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c Next: parttool\n+000357f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c , Prev: normal,\n+00035800: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00035810: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00035820: 342e 3532 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 4.52 normal_exit\n+00035830: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00035840: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00035850: 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a20 d: normal_exit. \n+00035860: 2020 2020 4578 6974 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 Exit normal \n+00035870: 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d mode (*note norm\n+00035880: 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 al::). If this \n+00035890: 696e 7374 616e 6365 206f 6620 6e6f 726d instance of norm\n+000358a0: 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2077 6173 al mode. was\n+000358b0: 206e 6f74 206e 6573 7465 6420 7769 7468 not nested with\n+000358c0: 696e 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206f 6e65 2c20 in another one, \n+000358d0: 7468 656e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2072 then return to r\n+000358e0: 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 escue mode.....F\n+000358f0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00035900: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c Node: parttool,\n+00035910: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 Next: password\n+00035920: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f , Prev: normal_\n+00035930: 6578 6974 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 exit, Up: Comma\n+00035940: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00035950: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3320 7061 7274 746f ..17.4.53 partto\n+00035960: 6f6c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ol.-------------\n+00035970: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00035980: 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2070 6172 7469 : parttool parti\n+00035990: 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 tion commands. \n+000359a0: 2020 204d 616b 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 Make various \n+000359b0: 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 746f modifications to\n+000359c0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 partition table\n+000359d0: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 entries... \n+000359e0: 4561 6368 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 2069 7320 Each COMMAND is \n+000359f0: 6569 7468 6572 2061 2062 6f6f 6c65 616e either a boolean\n+00035a00: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 option, in whic\n+00035a10: 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 h case it must b\n+00035a20: 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 e. followed \n+00035a30: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 206f 7220 with ...+... or \n+00035a40: e280 982d e280 9920 2877 6974 6820 6e6f ...-... (with no\n+00035a50: 2069 6e74 6572 7665 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 intervening spa\n+00035a60: 6365 2920 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6f72 ce) to enable or\n+00035a70: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 . disable th\n+00035a80: 6174 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 656c at option, or el\n+00035a90: 7365 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 6120 7661 se it takes a va\n+00035aa0: 6c75 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d0a lue in the form.\n+00035ab0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 434f 4d4d 414e 443d ...COMMAND=\n+00035ac0: 5641 4c55 45e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 VALUE...... \n+00035ad0: 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c 20e2 8098 7061 Currently, ...pa\n+00035ae0: 7274 746f 6f6c e280 9920 6973 206f 6e6c rttool... is onl\n+00035af0: 7920 7573 6566 756c 206f 6e20 444f 5320 y useful on DOS \n+00035b00: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 partition tables\n+00035b10: 2028 616c 736f 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 (also. know\n+00035b20: 6e20 6173 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 n as Master Boot\n+00035b30: 2052 6563 6f72 642c 206f 7220 4d42 5229 Record, or MBR)\n+00035b40: 2e20 4f6e 2074 6865 7365 2070 6172 7469 . On these parti\n+00035b50: 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 732c 0a20 2020 tion tables,. \n+00035b60: 2020 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 the following \n+00035b70: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 7661 commands are ava\n+00035b80: 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ilable:.. ..\n+00035b90: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 626f 6f6c 6561 .boot... (boolea\n+00035ba0: 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 n). Whe\n+00035bb0: 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6869 7320 n enabled, this \n+00035bc0: 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 makes the select\n+00035bd0: 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6520 ed partition be \n+00035be0: 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 the active. \n+00035bf0: 2020 2020 2028 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2920 (bootable) \n+00035c00: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 7473 partition on its\n+00035c10: 2064 6973 6b2c 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 disk, clearing \n+00035c20: 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2066 6c61 6720 the active flag \n+00035c30: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c6c on. all\n+00035c40: 206f 7468 6572 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e other partition\n+00035c50: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s. This command\n+00035c60: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 205f is limited to _\n+00035c70: 7072 696d 6172 795f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 primary_. \n+00035c80: 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a partitions...\n+00035c90: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7479 7065 e280 9920 ...type... \n+00035ca0: 2876 616c 7565 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 (value). \n+00035cb0: 2020 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2074 7970 Change the typ\n+00035cc0: 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 e of an existing\n+00035cd0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 partition. The\n+00035ce0: 2076 616c 7565 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 value must be a\n+00035cf0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 . numbe\n+00035d00: 7220 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 r in the range 0\n+00035d10: 2d30 7846 4620 2870 7265 6669 7820 7769 -0xFF (prefix wi\n+00035d20: 7468 20e2 8098 3078 e280 9920 746f 2065 th ...0x... to e\n+00035d30: 6e74 6572 2069 7420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 nter it in. \n+00035d40: 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c hexadecimal\n+00035d50: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6869 6464 )... ...hidd\n+00035d60: 656e e280 9920 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a en... (boolean).\n+00035d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5768 656e 2065 When e\n+00035d80: 6e61 626c 6564 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6964 nabled, this hid\n+00035d90: 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 es the selected \n+00035da0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2073 6574 partition by set\n+00035db0: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ting the. \n+00035dc0: 2020 20e2 809c 6869 6464 656e e280 9d20 ...hidden... \n+00035dd0: 6269 7420 696e 2069 7473 2070 6172 7469 bit in its parti\n+00035de0: 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 tion type code; \n+00035df0: 7768 656e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 642c 0a20 when disabled,. \n+00035e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e68 6964 6573 unhides\n+00035e10: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 the selected pa\n+00035e20: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2063 6c65 6172 rtition by clear\n+00035e30: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2062 6974 2e20 2054 ing this bit. T\n+00035e40: 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 his is. \n+00035e50: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 useful only whe\n+00035e60: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 444f 5320 6f72 n booting DOS or\n+00035e70: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2061 6e64 206d 756c Windows and mul\n+00035e80: 7469 706c 6520 7072 696d 6172 790a 2020 tiple primary. \n+00035e90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4641 5420 7061 7274 FAT part\n+00035ea0: 6974 696f 6e73 2065 7869 7374 2069 6e20 itions exist in \n+00035eb0: 6f6e 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2053 6565 2061 one disk. See a\n+00035ec0: 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 lso *note. \n+00035ed0: 2020 2020 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a DOS/Windows:\n+00035ee0: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00035ef0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 .info, Node: pa\n+00035f00: 7373 776f 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 ssword, Next: p\n+00035f10: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 assword_pbkdf2, \n+00035f20: 2050 7265 763a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c Prev: parttool,\n+00035f30: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00035f40: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00035f50: 342e 3534 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2d2d 4.54 password.--\n+00035f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00035f70: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6173 -- Command: pas\n+00035f80: 7377 6f72 6420 7573 6572 2063 6c65 6172 sword user clear\n+00035f90: 2d70 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2020 2020 2044 -password. D\n+00035fa0: 6566 696e 6520 6120 7573 6572 206e 616d efine a user nam\n+00035fb0: 6564 2055 5345 5220 7769 7468 2070 6173 ed USER with pas\n+00035fc0: 7377 6f72 6420 434c 4541 522d 5041 5353 sword CLEAR-PASS\n+00035fd0: 574f 5244 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 WORD. *Note. \n+00035fe0: 2020 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f Security::....\n+00035ff0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00036000: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 , Node: passwor\n+00036010: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a d_pbkdf2, Next:\n+00036020: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 plainmount, Pr\n+00036030: 6576 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2055 ev: password, U\n+00036040: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00036050: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 commands..17.4.5\n+00036060: 3520 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 5 password_pbkdf\n+00036070: 320a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2.--------------\n+00036080: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00036090: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 ommand: password\n+000360a0: 5f70 626b 6466 3220 7573 6572 2068 6173 _pbkdf2 user has\n+000360b0: 6865 642d 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 hed-password. \n+000360c0: 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 Define a user \n+000360d0: 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 named USER with \n+000360e0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6820 4841 password hash HA\n+000360f0: 5348 4544 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 SHED-PASSWORD. \n+00036100: 5573 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 Use. ...grub\n+00036110: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n+00036120: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n+00036130: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing grub-mkpassw\n+00036140: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 0a20 d-pbkdf2::) to. \n+00036150: 2020 2020 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 generate pas\n+00036160: 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2e20 202a sword hashes. *\n+00036170: 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e Note Security::.\n+00036180: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00036190: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 nfo, Node: plai\n+000361a0: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 nmount, Next: p\n+000361b0: 6c61 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7373 lay, Prev: pass\n+000361c0: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5570 word_pbkdf2, Up\n+000361d0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+000361e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3536 ommands..17.4.56\n+000361f0: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 2d2d 2d2d plainmount.----\n+00036200: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00036210: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6c61 -- Command: pla\n+00036220: 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 6365 202d inmount device -\n+00036230: 6320 6369 7068 6572 202d 7320 6b65 7920 c cipher -s key \n+00036240: 7369 7a65 205b 2d68 2068 6173 685d 0a20 size [-h hash]. \n+00036250: 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7365 [...-S... se\n+00036260: 6374 6f72 2073 697a 655d 205b e280 982d ctor size] [...-\n+00036270: 70e2 8099 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645d 205b p... password] [\n+00036280: e280 982d 75e2 8099 2075 7569 645d 205b ...-u... uuid] [\n+00036290: 5be2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 6b65 7966 696c [...-d... keyfil\n+000362a0: 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d4f e280 e]. [...-O..\n+000362b0: 9920 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6f66 6673 6574 . keyfile offset\n+000362c0: 5d5d 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 ]].. Setup a\n+000362d0: 6363 6573 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e63 ccess to the enc\n+000362e0: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e rypted device in\n+000362f0: 2070 6c61 696e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4f66 plain mode. Of\n+00036300: 6673 6574 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 fset of the. \n+00036310: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6174 6120 encrypted data \n+00036320: 6174 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 at the device is\n+00036330: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7465 specified in te\n+00036340: 726d 7320 6f66 2035 3132 2062 7974 650a rms of 512 byte.\n+00036350: 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f 7273 2075 7369 sectors usi\n+00036360: 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 ng the blocklist\n+00036370: 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 syntax and loop\n+00036380: 6261 636b 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 back device. Th\n+00036390: 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 e. following\n+000363a0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2073 686f 7773 2068 example shows h\n+000363b0: 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 314d ow to specify 1M\n+000363c0: 6942 206f 6666 7365 743a 0a0a 2020 2020 iB offset:.. \n+000363d0: 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 206e loopback n\n+000363e0: 6f64 6520 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 3230 ode (hd0,gpt1)20\n+000363f0: 3438 2b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 48+. pl\n+00036400: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 206e 6f64 6520 2e2e ainmount node ..\n+00036410: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9870 ... The ...p\n+00036420: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d lainmount... com\n+00036430: 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 mand can be used\n+00036440: 2074 6f20 6f70 656e 204c 554b 5320 656e to open LUKS en\n+00036450: 6372 7970 7465 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 0a20 crypted volume. \n+00036460: 2020 2020 6966 2069 7473 206d 6173 7465 if its maste\n+00036470: 7220 6b65 7920 616e 6420 7061 7261 6d65 r key and parame\n+00036480: 7465 7273 2028 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 ters (key size, \n+00036490: 6369 7068 6572 2c20 6f66 6673 6574 2c20 cipher, offset, \n+000364a0: 6574 6329 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 6b6e etc). are kn\n+000364b0: 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 own... There\n+000364c0: 2061 7265 2074 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f are two ways to\n+000364d0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2070 6173 7377 specify a passw\n+000364e0: 6f72 643a 2061 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2061 ord: a keyfile a\n+000364f0: 6e64 2061 2073 6563 7265 740a 2020 2020 nd a secret. \n+00036500: 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 2020 5468 passphrase. Th\n+00036510: 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7061 7468 2070 e keyfile path p\n+00036520: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2068 6173 2068 6967 arameter has hig\n+00036530: 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 7479 2074 6861 her priority tha\n+00036540: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6563 7265 n. the secre\n+00036550: 7420 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2070 6172 t passphrase par\n+00036560: 616d 6574 6572 2061 6e64 2069 7320 7370 ameter and is sp\n+00036570: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 ecified with the\n+00036580: 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 option. ...\n+00036590: 2d64 e280 992e 2020 5061 7373 776f 7264 -d.... Password\n+000365a0: 2064 6174 6120 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2066 data obtained f\n+000365b0: 726f 6d20 6b65 7966 696c 6573 2069 7320 rom keyfiles is \n+000365c0: 6e6f 7420 6861 7368 6564 2061 6e64 2069 not hashed and i\n+000365d0: 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 s. used dire\n+000365e0: 6374 6c79 2061 7320 6120 6369 7068 6572 ctly as a cipher\n+000365f0: 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e key. An option\n+00036600: 616c 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2070 6173 al offset of pas\n+00036610: 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 sword data. \n+00036620: 696e 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2063 in the keyfile c\n+00036630: 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 an be specified \n+00036640: 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 with the option \n+00036650: e280 982d 4fe2 8099 206f 7220 6469 7265 ...-O... or dire\n+00036660: 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 ctly. with t\n+00036670: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 64e2 he option ...-d.\n+00036680: 8099 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 626c 6f63 .. and GRUB bloc\n+00036690: 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 6966 klist syntax, if\n+000366a0: 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2064 6174 the keyfile dat\n+000366b0: 610a 2020 2020 2063 616e 2062 6520 6163 a. can be ac\n+000366c0: 6365 7373 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6465 cessed from a de\n+000366d0: 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2069 7320 3531 3220 vice and is 512 \n+000366e0: 6279 7465 2061 6c69 676e 6564 2e20 2054 byte aligned. T\n+000366f0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e he. followin\n+00036700: 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 7368 6f77 7320 g example shows \n+00036710: 626f 7468 206d 6574 686f 6473 2074 6f20 both methods to \n+00036720: 7370 6563 6966 7920 7061 7373 776f 7264 specify password\n+00036730: 2064 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 data in. th\n+00036740: 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6174 206f 6666 e keyfile at off\n+00036750: 7365 7420 314d 6942 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 set 1MiB:.. \n+00036760: 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 plainmount \n+00036770: 2d64 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 2932 3034 -d (hd0,gpt1)204\n+00036780: 382b 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 8+ .... \n+00036790: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 plainmount -d (\n+000367a0: 6864 302c 6770 7431 292b 202d 4f20 3130 hd0,gpt1)+ -O 10\n+000367b0: 3438 3537 3620 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 48576 ..... \n+000367c0: 4966 206e 6f20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6973 If no keyfile is\n+000367d0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 specified then \n+000367e0: 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 the password is \n+000367f0: 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e set to the strin\n+00036800: 670a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 g. specified\n+00036810: 2062 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d70 by option ...-p\n+00036820: e280 9920 6f72 2069 7320 7265 7175 6573 ... or is reques\n+00036830: 7465 6420 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c ted interactivel\n+00036840: 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 y from the. \n+00036850: 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 496e 2062 6f74 console. In bot\n+00036860: 6820 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 7072 6f76 h cases the prov\n+00036870: 6964 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6973 ided password is\n+00036880: 2068 6173 6865 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 hashed with the\n+00036890: 0a20 2020 2020 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d20 . algorithm \n+000368a0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 2074 6865 specified by the\n+000368b0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 68e2 8099 option ...-h...\n+000368c0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 . This option i\n+000368d0: 7320 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 790a 2020 2020 s mandatory. \n+000368e0: 2069 6620 6e6f 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2069 if no keyfile i\n+000368f0: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2062 7574 s specified, but\n+00036900: 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6574 2074 it can be set t\n+00036910: 6f20 e280 9870 6c61 696e e280 9920 7768 o ...plain... wh\n+00036920: 6963 680a 2020 2020 206d 6561 6e73 2074 ich. means t\n+00036930: 6861 7420 6e6f 2068 6173 6869 6e67 2069 hat no hashing i\n+00036940: 7320 646f 6e65 2061 6e64 2073 7563 6820 s done and such \n+00036950: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 7573 6564 password is used\n+00036960: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6173 0a20 2020 directly as. \n+00036970: 2020 6120 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 a key... C\n+00036980: 6970 6865 7220 e280 982d 63e2 8099 2061 ipher ...-c... a\n+00036990: 6e64 206b 6579 7369 7a65 20e2 8098 2d73 nd keysize ...-s\n+000369a0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 ... options spec\n+000369b0: 6966 7920 7468 6520 6369 7068 6572 2061 ify the cipher a\n+000369c0: 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 0a20 2020 2020 616e lgorithm. an\n+000369d0: 6420 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2072 d the key size r\n+000369e0: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 616e 6420 espectively and \n+000369f0: 6172 6520 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 6f70 are mandatory op\n+00036a00: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4369 7068 6572 0a20 tions. Cipher. \n+00036a10: 2020 2020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7370 6563 must be spec\n+00036a20: 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206d ified with the m\n+00036a30: 6f64 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 ode separated by\n+00036a40: 2061 2064 6173 6820 2866 6f72 2065 7861 a dash (for exa\n+00036a50: 6d70 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6165 mple,. ...ae\n+00036a60: 732d 7874 732d 706c 6169 6e36 34e2 8099 s-xts-plain64...\n+00036a70: 292e 2020 4b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f 7074 ). Key size opt\n+00036a80: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 7320 ion ...-s... is \n+00036a90: 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 the key size of \n+00036aa0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6970 6865 7220 the. cipher \n+00036ab0: 696e 2062 6974 732c 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 in bits, not to \n+00036ac0: 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 7769 7468 be confused with\n+00036ad0: 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2074 the offset of t\n+00036ae0: 6865 206b 6579 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 he key data. \n+00036af0: 2069 6e20 6120 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7370 in a keyfile sp\n+00036b00: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 ecified with the\n+00036b10: 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-O... option\n+00036b20: 2e20 2049 7420 6d75 7374 206e 6f74 2065 . It must not e\n+00036b30: 7863 6565 640a 2020 2020 2031 3032 3420 xceed. 1024 \n+00036b40: 6269 7473 2c20 736f 2061 2033 3220 6279 bits, so a 32 by\n+00036b50: 7465 206b 6579 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 te key would be \n+00036b60: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2032 3536 specified as 256\n+00036b70: 2062 6974 730a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 bits.. The \n+00036b80: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 optional paramet\n+00036b90: 6572 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7370 6563 er ...-S... spec\n+00036ba0: 6966 6965 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 ifies encrypted \n+00036bb0: 6465 7669 6365 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 device sector si\n+00036bc0: 7a65 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 6d75 7374 ze.. It must\n+00036bd0: 2062 6520 6174 206c 6561 7374 2035 3132 be at least 512\n+00036be0: 2062 7974 6573 206c 6f6e 6720 2864 6566 bytes long (def\n+00036bf0: 6175 6c74 2076 616c 7565 2920 616e 6420 ault value) and \n+00036c00: 6120 706f 7765 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 a power of. \n+00036c10: 322e 2020 2831 2920 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 2. (1) (*note \n+00036c20: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e plainmount-Footn\n+00036c30: 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2044 6973 6b20 ote-1::). Disk \n+00036c40: 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6520 6973 0a20 sector size is. \n+00036c50: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 configured w\n+00036c60: 6865 6e20 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2074 6865 hen creating the\n+00036c70: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2076 6f6c 756d encrypted volum\n+00036c80: 652e 2020 4174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 e. Attempting t\n+00036c90: 6f0a 2020 2020 2064 6563 7279 7074 2076 o. decrypt v\n+00036ca0: 6f6c 756d 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 6469 olumes with a di\n+00036cb0: 6666 6572 656e 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2073 fferent sector s\n+00036cc0: 697a 6520 7468 616e 2069 7420 7761 7320 ize than it was \n+00036cd0: 6372 6561 7465 640a 2020 2020 2077 6974 created. wit\n+00036ce0: 6820 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2072 6573 756c h will not resul\n+00036cf0: 7420 696e 2061 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 t in an error, b\n+00036d00: 7574 2077 696c 6c20 6465 6372 7970 7420 ut will decrypt \n+00036d10: 746f 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6279 7465 730a to random bytes.\n+00036d20: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6875 7320 7072 and thus pr\n+00036d30: 6576 656e 7420 6163 6365 7373 696e 6720 event accessing \n+00036d40: 7468 6520 766f 6c75 6d65 2028 696e 2073 the volume (in s\n+00036d50: 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 6669 ome cases the fi\n+00036d60: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6472 lesystem. dr\n+00036d70: 6976 6572 2063 616e 2064 6574 6563 7420 iver can detect \n+00036d80: 7468 6520 7072 6573 656e 6365 206f 6620 the presence of \n+00036d90: 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6275 a filesystem, bu\n+00036da0: 7420 6e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 0a20 t nevertheless. \n+00036db0: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 6566 7573 6520 will refuse \n+00036dc0: 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7429 2e0a 0a20 to mount it)... \n+00036dd0: 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206e By default n\n+00036de0: 6577 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 ew plainmount de\n+00036df0: 7669 6365 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6769 vices will be gi\n+00036e00: 7665 6e20 6120 5555 4944 2073 7461 7274 ven a UUID start\n+00036e10: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 2731 ing. with '1\n+00036e20: 3039 6665 6138 342d 6136 6237 2d33 3461 09fea84-a6b7-34a\n+00036e30: 382d 3462 6431 2d31 6335 3036 3330 3561 8-4bd1-1c506305a\n+00036e40: 3430 3127 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 206c 401' where the l\n+00036e50: 6173 7420 6469 6769 7473 0a20 2020 2020 ast digits. \n+00036e60: 6172 6520 696e 6372 656d 656e 7465 6420 are incremented \n+00036e70: 6279 206f 6e65 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 by one for each \n+00036e80: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 6564 2064 6576 plainmounted dev\n+00036e90: 6963 6520 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 ice beyond the. \n+00036ea0: 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 7570 2074 6f20 first up to \n+00036eb0: 325e 3130 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2^10 devices... \n+00036ec0: 2020 2020 416c 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 All encrypti\n+00036ed0: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6369 on arguments (ci\n+00036ee0: 7068 6572 2c20 6861 7368 2c20 6b65 7920 pher, hash, key \n+00036ef0: 7369 7a65 2c20 6469 736b 206f 6666 7365 size, disk offse\n+00036f00: 7420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2064 6973 6b20 t and. disk \n+00036f10: 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6529 206d 7573 sector size) mus\n+00036f20: 7420 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 7061 7261 t match the para\n+00036f30: 6d65 7465 7273 2075 7365 6420 746f 2063 meters used to c\n+00036f40: 7265 6174 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 reate the. v\n+00036f50: 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 4966 2061 6e79 206f olume. If any o\n+00036f60: 6620 7468 656d 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 f them does not \n+00036f70: 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c match the actual\n+00036f80: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2075 7365 640a arguments used.\n+00036f90: 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 during the \n+00036fa0: 696e 6974 6961 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 initial encrypti\n+00036fb0: 6f6e 2c20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2077 on, plainmount w\n+00036fc0: 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 2076 6972 7475 ill create virtu\n+00036fd0: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2077 al. device w\n+00036fe0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6761 7262 6167 6520 ith the garbage \n+00036ff0: 6461 7461 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 data and GRUB wi\n+00037000: 6c6c 2072 6570 6f72 7420 756e 6b6e 6f77 ll report unknow\n+00037010: 6e0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 n. filesyste\n+00037020: 6d20 666f 7220 7375 6368 2064 6576 6963 m for such devic\n+00037030: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n+00037040: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c .info, Node: pl\n+00037050: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 ainmount-Footnot\n+00037060: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f es, Up: plainmo\n+00037070: 756e 740a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 unt.. (1) Curr\n+00037080: 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 ent implementati\n+00037090: 6f6e 206f 6620 6372 7970 7473 6574 7570 on of cryptsetup\n+000370a0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a35 supports only.5\n+000370b0: 3132 2f31 3032 342f 3230 3438 2f34 3039 12/1024/2048/409\n+000370c0: 3620 6279 7465 2073 6563 746f 7273 0a0a 6 byte sectors..\n+000370d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000370e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 o, Node: play, \n+000370f0: 204e 6578 743a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 2050 Next: probe, P\n+00037100: 7265 763a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c rev: plainmount,\n+00037110: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00037120: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00037130: 342e 3537 2070 6c61 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.57 play.------\n+00037140: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00037150: 616e 643a 2070 6c61 7920 6669 6c65 207c and: play file |\n+00037160: 2074 656d 706f 205b 7069 7463 6831 2064 tempo [pitch1 d\n+00037170: 7572 6174 696f 6e31 5d20 5b70 6974 6368 uration1] [pitch\n+00037180: 3220 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 325d 202e 2e2e 2 duration2] ...\n+00037190: 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6179 7320 6120 7475 . Plays a tu\n+000371a0: 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 ne.. If the \n+000371b0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6669 argument is a fi\n+000371c0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 le name (*note F\n+000371d0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a ile name syntax:\n+000371e0: 3a29 2c20 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 :), play the. \n+000371f0: 2020 7475 6e65 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 tune recorded \n+00037200: 696e 2069 742e 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 in it. The file\n+00037210: 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 2066 6972 7374 format is first\n+00037220: 2074 6865 2074 656d 706f 2061 7320 616e the tempo as an\n+00037230: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2033 . unsigned 3\n+00037240: 3262 6974 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 2bit little-endi\n+00037250: 616e 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 an number, then \n+00037260: 7061 6972 7320 6f66 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 pairs of unsigne\n+00037270: 6420 3136 6269 740a 2020 2020 206c 6974 d 16bit. lit\n+00037280: 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 tle-endian numbe\n+00037290: 7273 2066 6f72 2070 6974 6368 2061 6e64 rs for pitch and\n+000372a0: 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7061 6972 732e duration pairs.\n+000372b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 .. If the ar\n+000372c0: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6120 7365 guments are a se\n+000372d0: 7269 6573 206f 6620 6e75 6d62 6572 732c ries of numbers,\n+000372e0: 2070 6c61 7920 7468 6520 696e 6c69 6e65 play the inline\n+000372f0: 2074 756e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 tune... The\n+00037300: 2074 656d 706f 2069 7320 7468 6520 6261 tempo is the ba\n+00037310: 7365 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 206e 6f74 6520 se for all note \n+00037320: 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 3630 2067 durations. 60 g\n+00037330: 6976 6573 2061 2031 2d73 6563 6f6e 640a ives a 1-second.\n+00037340: 2020 2020 2062 6173 652c 2031 3230 2067 base, 120 g\n+00037350: 6976 6573 2061 2068 616c 662d 7365 636f ives a half-seco\n+00037360: 6e64 2062 6173 652c 2065 7463 2e20 2050 nd base, etc. P\n+00037370: 6974 6368 6573 2061 7265 2048 7a2e 2020 itches are Hz. \n+00037380: 5365 740a 2020 2020 2070 6974 6368 2074 Set. pitch t\n+00037390: 6f20 3020 746f 2070 726f 6475 6365 2061 o 0 to produce a\n+000373a0: 2072 6573 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 rest.....File: \n+000373b0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000373c0: 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : probe, Next: \n+000373d0: 7264 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c rdmsr, Prev: pl\n+000373e0: 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ay, Up: Command\n+000373f0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00037400: 3137 2e34 2e35 3820 7072 6f62 650a 2d2d 17.4.58 probe.--\n+00037410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00037420: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7072 6f62 6520 Command: probe \n+00037430: 5b2d 2d73 6574 2076 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 [--set var]. \n+00037440: 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6472 6976 6572 7c2d --driver|-\n+00037450: 2d70 6172 746d 6170 7c2d 2d66 737c 2d2d -partmap|--fs|--\n+00037460: 6673 2d75 7569 647c 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c fs-uuid|--label|\n+00037470: 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 7569 6420 6465 7669 --part-uuid devi\n+00037480: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 ce. Retrieve\n+00037490: 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 device informat\n+000374a0: 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ion. If option \n+000374b0: e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 ...--set... is g\n+000374c0: 6976 656e 2c20 6173 7369 676e 0a20 2020 iven, assign. \n+000374d0: 2020 7265 7375 6c74 2074 6f20 7661 7269 result to vari\n+000374e0: 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2c20 6f74 6865 7277 able VAR, otherw\n+000374f0: 6973 6520 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d ise print inform\n+00037500: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 ation on the scr\n+00037510: 6565 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f een... The o\n+00037520: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d70 6172 742d ption ...--part-\n+00037530: 7575 6964 e280 9920 6973 2063 7572 7265 uuid... is curre\n+00037540: 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 696d 706c 656d ntly only implem\n+00037550: 656e 7465 6420 666f 7220 4d53 444f 530a ented for MSDOS.\n+00037560: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2047 5054 2066 6f72 and GPT for\n+00037570: 6d61 7474 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e0a 0a1f matted disks....\n+00037580: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00037590: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 , Node: rdmsr, \n+000375a0: 204e 6578 743a 2072 6561 642c 2020 5072 Next: read, Pr\n+000375b0: 6576 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: probe, Up: \n+000375c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+000375d0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3539 2072 mands..17.4.59 r\n+000375e0: 646d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dmsr.-----------\n+000375f0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00037600: 3a20 7264 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 205b : rdmsr 0xADDR [\n+00037610: 2d76 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 5d0a 2020 2020 -v VARNAME]. \n+00037620: 2052 6561 6420 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 Read a model-sp\n+00037630: 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 ecific register \n+00037640: 6174 2061 6464 7265 7373 2030 7841 4444 at address 0xADD\n+00037650: 522e 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 R. If the parame\n+00037660: 7465 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 ter. ...-v..\n+00037670: 9920 6973 2075 7365 6420 616e 6420 616e . is used and an\n+00037680: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00037690: 6961 626c 6520 5641 524e 414d 4520 6973 iable VARNAME is\n+000376a0: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 given, set that\n+000376b0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n+000376c0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 t variable to th\n+000376d0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2077 6173 e value that was\n+000376e0: 2072 6561 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 read... Ple\n+000376f0: 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e ase note that on\n+00037700: 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7265 SMP systems, re\n+00037710: 6164 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 204d 5352 ading from a MSR\n+00037720: 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 610a 2020 2020 that has a. \n+00037730: 2073 636f 7065 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 scope per hardw\n+00037740: 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c are thread, impl\n+00037750: 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c ies that the val\n+00037760: 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2072 6574 7572 ue that is retur\n+00037770: 6e65 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6170 ned. only ap\n+00037780: 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 plies to the par\n+00037790: 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 ticular cpu/core\n+000377a0: 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e /thread that run\n+000377b0: 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 s the. comma\n+000377c0: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 nd... Also, \n+000377d0: 6966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 if you specify a\n+000377e0: 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 reserved or uni\n+000377f0: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 mplemented MSR a\n+00037800: 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 ddress, it. \n+00037810: 7769 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e will cause a gen\n+00037820: 6572 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 eral protection \n+00037830: 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 exception (which\n+00037840: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c is not currentl\n+00037850: 790a 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e y. being han\n+00037860: 646c 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 dled) and the sy\n+00037870: 7374 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 stem will reboot\n+00037880: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00037890: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6561 info, Node: rea\n+000378a0: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 d, Next: reboot\n+000378b0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 , Prev: rdmsr, \n+000378c0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000378d0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+000378e0: 2e36 3020 7265 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .60 read.-------\n+000378f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00037900: 6e64 3a20 7265 6164 205b 2d73 5d20 5b76 nd: read [-s] [v\n+00037910: 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 ar]. Read a \n+00037920: 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6672 line of input fr\n+00037930: 6f6d 2074 6865 2075 7365 722e 2020 4966 om the user. If\n+00037940: 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 an environment \n+00037950: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 0a20 2020 variable VAR. \n+00037960: 2020 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 is given, set \n+00037970: 7468 6174 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 that environment\n+00037980: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 variable to the\n+00037990: 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2074 line of input t\n+000379a0: 6861 740a 2020 2020 2077 6173 2072 6561 hat. was rea\n+000379b0: 642c 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2074 6572 6d69 d, with no termi\n+000379c0: 6e61 7469 6e67 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 nating newline. \n+000379d0: 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 If the paramete\n+000379e0: 7220 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 730a 2020 r ...-s... is. \n+000379f0: 2020 2075 7365 642c 2065 6e61 626c 6520 used, enable \n+00037a00: 7369 6c65 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 7768 6572 silent mode wher\n+00037a10: 6520 696e 7075 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2070 e input is not p\n+00037a20: 7269 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 rinted to the. \n+00037a30: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a terminal.....\n+00037a40: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00037a50: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 Node: reboot, \n+00037a60: 204e 6578 743a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 Next: regexp, \n+00037a70: 5072 6576 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 2055 703a Prev: read, Up:\n+00037a80: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00037a90: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3120 mmands..17.4.61 \n+00037aa0: 7265 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d reboot.---------\n+00037ab0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00037ac0: 6e64 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 nd: reboot. \n+00037ad0: 5265 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 Reboot the compu\n+00037ae0: 7465 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ter.....File: gr\n+00037af0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00037b00: 7265 6765 7870 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 regexp, Next: r\n+00037b10: 6d6d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6562 mmod, Prev: reb\n+00037b20: 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e oot, Up: Comman\n+00037b30: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00037b40: 0a31 372e 342e 3632 2072 6567 6578 700a .17.4.62 regexp.\n+00037b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00037b60: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6567 -- Command: reg\n+00037b70: 6578 7020 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 6e75 6d62 exp [--set [numb\n+00037b80: 6572 3a5d 7661 725d 2072 6567 6578 7020 er:]var] regexp \n+00037b90: 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 string. Test\n+00037ba0: 2069 6620 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 if regular expr\n+00037bb0: 6573 7369 6f6e 2052 4547 4558 5020 6d61 ession REGEXP ma\n+00037bc0: 7463 6865 7320 5354 5249 4e47 2e20 2053 tches STRING. S\n+00037bd0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7265 upported. re\n+00037be0: 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e gular expression\n+00037bf0: 7320 6172 6520 504f 5349 582e 3220 4578 s are POSIX.2 Ex\n+00037c00: 7465 6e64 6564 2052 6567 756c 6172 2045 tended Regular E\n+00037c10: 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 660a xpressions. If.\n+00037c20: 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d option ...-\n+00037c30: 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e -set... is given\n+00037c40: 2c20 7374 6f72 6520 4e55 4d42 4552 7468 , store NUMBERth\n+00037c50: 206d 6174 6368 6564 2073 7562 6578 7072 matched subexpr\n+00037c60: 6573 7369 6f6e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2076 ession in. v\n+00037c70: 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5375 ariable VAR. Su\n+00037c80: 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 bexpressions are\n+00037c90: 206e 756d 6265 7265 6420 696e 206f 7264 numbered in ord\n+00037ca0: 6572 206f 6620 7468 6569 720a 2020 2020 er of their. \n+00037cb0: 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2070 6172 656e 7468 opening parenth\n+00037cc0: 6573 6573 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 eses starting fr\n+00037cd0: 6f6d 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2e20 204e 554d om ...1.... NUM\n+00037ce0: 4245 5220 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 BER defaults to \n+00037cf0: e280 9831 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ...1........File\n+00037d00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00037d10: 6465 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 de: rmmod, Next\n+00037d20: 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 : save_env, Pre\n+00037d30: 763a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 5570 3a20 v: regexp, Up: \n+00037d40: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00037d50: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3633 2072 mands..17.4.63 r\n+00037d60: 6d6d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mmod.-----------\n+00037d70: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00037d80: 2072 6d6d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 rmmod module. \n+00037d90: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6c6f 6164 Remove a load\n+00037da0: 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ed MODULE.....Fi\n+00037db0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00037dc0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 Node: save_env, \n+00037dd0: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 Next: search, \n+00037de0: 5072 6576 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 Prev: rmmod, Up\n+00037df0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00037e00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3634 ommands..17.4.64\n+00037e10: 2073 6176 655f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d save_env.------\n+00037e20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00037e30: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6176 655f 656e Command: save_en\n+00037e40: 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 5d20 v [--file file] \n+00037e50: 7661 7220 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 6176 var .... Sav\n+00037e60: 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7661 7269 e the named vari\n+00037e70: 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 ables from the e\n+00037e80: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 nvironment to th\n+00037e90: 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 e environment. \n+00037ea0: 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 block file. \n+00037eb0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e *Note Environmen\n+00037ec0: 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 t block::... \n+00037ed0: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 The ...--file..\n+00037ee0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 . option overrid\n+00037ef0: 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c es the default l\n+00037f00: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 ocation of the. \n+00037f10: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 environment \n+00037f20: 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 block... Thi\n+00037f30: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 206f s command will o\n+00037f40: 7065 7261 7465 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 perate successfu\n+00037f50: 6c6c 7920 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 656e lly even when en\n+00037f60: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2076 vironment. v\n+00037f70: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b ariable ...check\n+00037f80: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 _signatures... i\n+00037f90: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f s set to ...enfo\n+00037fa0: 7263 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 rce... (*note. \n+00037fb0: 2020 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 check_signatu\n+00037fc0: 7265 733a 3a29 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 res::), since it\n+00037fd0: 2077 7269 7465 7320 746f 2064 6973 6b20 writes to disk \n+00037fe0: 616e 6420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2061 6c74 and does not alt\n+00037ff0: 6572 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6265 6861 er the. beha\n+00038000: 7669 6f72 206f 6620 4752 5542 2062 6173 vior of GRUB bas\n+00038010: 6564 206f 6e20 616e 7920 636f 6e74 656e ed on any conten\n+00038020: 7473 206f 6620 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 ts of disk that \n+00038030: 6861 7665 2062 6565 6e20 7265 6164 2e0a have been read..\n+00038040: 2020 2020 2049 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 It is possi\n+00038050: 626c 6520 746f 206d 6f64 6966 7920 6120 ble to modify a \n+00038060: 6469 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 digitally signed\n+00038070: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n+00038080: 636b 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 726f ck file. fro\n+00038090: 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2047 5255 4220 7573 m within GRUB us\n+000380a0: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ing this command\n+000380b0: 2c20 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 , such that its \n+000380c0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 0a20 signature will. \n+000380d0: 2020 2020 6e6f 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 6265 no longer be\n+000380e0: 2076 616c 6964 206f 6e20 7375 6273 6571 valid on subseq\n+000380f0: 7565 6e74 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 2043 6172 uent boots. Car\n+00038100: 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7461 6b65 e should be take\n+00038110: 6e20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 2061 n in. such a\n+00038120: 6476 616e 6365 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 dvanced configur\n+00038130: 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 ations to avoid \n+00038140: 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7468 6520 7379 rendering the sy\n+00038150: 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 756e 626f 6f74 stem. unboot\n+00038160: 6162 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 able. *Note Usi\n+00038170: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ng digital signa\n+00038180: 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 tures::, for mor\n+00038190: 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 e. informati\n+000381a0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+000381b0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n+000381c0: 6561 7263 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 earch, Next: se\n+000381d0: 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7361 ndkey, Prev: sa\n+000381e0: 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ve_env, Up: Com\n+000381f0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00038200: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3520 7365 6172 ds..17.4.65 sear\n+00038210: 6368 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ch.-------------\n+00038220: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00038230: 7365 6172 6368 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 7c2d search [--file|-\n+00038240: 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 -label|--fs-uuid\n+00038250: 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 7661 725d 5d0a ] [--set [var]].\n+00038260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d [--no-\n+00038270: 666c 6f70 7079 7c2d 2d65 6669 6469 736b floppy|--efidisk\n+00038280: 2d6f 6e6c 795d 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 -only] name. \n+00038290: 2053 6561 7263 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 Search devices \n+000382a0: 6279 2066 696c 6520 28e2 8098 2d66 e280 by file (...-f..\n+000382b0: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9929 ., ...--file...)\n+000382c0: 2c20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c 6162 , filesystem lab\n+000382d0: 656c 2028 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 2c0a 2020 el (...-l...,. \n+000382e0: 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 ...--label...\n+000382f0: 292c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d ), or filesystem\n+00038300: 2055 5549 4420 28e2 8098 2d75 e280 992c UUID (...-u...,\n+00038310: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 ...--fs-uuid...\n+00038320: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 )... If the \n+00038330: 28e2 8098 2d73 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d (...-s..., ...--\n+00038340: 7365 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 set...) option i\n+00038350: 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 s used, the firs\n+00038360: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 t device found i\n+00038370: 730a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2061 7320 7468 s. set as th\n+00038380: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 e value of envir\n+00038390: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+000383a0: 5641 522e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c VAR. The defaul\n+000383b0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 t variable. \n+000383c0: 6973 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a is ...root......\n+000383d0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2028 e280 982d 6ee2 The (...-n.\n+000383e0: 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 .., ...--no-flop\n+000383f0: 7079 e280 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 py...) option pr\n+00038400: 6576 656e 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 events searching\n+00038410: 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 6465 7669 6365 732c floppy devices,\n+00038420: 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 . which can \n+00038430: 6265 2073 6c6f 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 be slow... T\n+00038440: 6865 2028 e280 982d 2d65 6669 6469 736b he (...--efidisk\n+00038450: 2d6f 6e6c 79e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e -only...) option\n+00038460: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7365 6172 6368 prevents search\n+00038470: 696e 6720 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6465 ing any other de\n+00038480: 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 vices. then \n+00038490: 4546 4920 6469 736b 732e 2020 5468 6973 EFI disks. This\n+000384a0: 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 is typically us\n+000384b0: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 ed when chainloa\n+000384c0: 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f 6361 6c0a 2020 ding to local. \n+000384d0: 2020 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e EFI partition\n+000384e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 ... The ...s\n+000384f0: 6561 7263 682e 6669 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 earch.file..., .\n+00038500: 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f 6c61 6265 ..search.fs_labe\n+00038510: 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 l..., and ...sea\n+00038520: 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 2063 rch.fs_uuid... c\n+00038530: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2061 7265 ommands. are\n+00038540: 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 aliases for ...\n+00038550: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 search --file...\n+00038560: 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 6c61 , ...search --la\n+00038570: 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 bel..., and ...s\n+00038580: 6561 7263 680a 2020 2020 202d 2d66 732d earch. --fs-\n+00038590: 7575 6964 e280 9920 7265 7370 6563 7469 uuid... respecti\n+000385a0: 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f vely... Also\n+000385b0: 2068 696e 7473 2061 7320 746f 2077 6869 hints as to whi\n+000385c0: 6368 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7920 6265 ch device may be\n+000385d0: 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 the most likely\n+000385e0: 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 7468 650a to contain the.\n+000385f0: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7365 6172 6368 item search\n+00038600: 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 ed for may be gi\n+00038610: 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 28e2 8098 ven via the (...\n+00038620: 2d68 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 -h..., ...--hint\n+00038630: e280 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 7468 ...) option with\n+00038640: 0a20 2020 2020 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e . a device n\n+00038650: 616d 6520 6173 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 ame as an argume\n+00038660: 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 nt. If the argu\n+00038670: 6d65 6e74 2065 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 ment ends with a\n+00038680: 2063 6f6d 6d61 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 comma,. the\n+00038690: 6e20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 n partitions on \n+000386a0: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2061 7265 2061 the device are a\n+000386b0: 6c73 6f20 7365 6172 6368 6564 2e20 2046 lso searched. F\n+000386c0: 7572 7468 6572 6d6f 7265 2c0a 2020 2020 urthermore,. \n+000386d0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7370 6563 6966 platform specif\n+000386e0: 6963 2068 696e 7473 206d 6179 2062 6520 ic hints may be \n+000386f0: 6769 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 6f70 given via the op\n+00038700: 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d tions. ...--\n+00038710: 6869 6e74 2d69 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 hint-ieee1275...\n+00038720: 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6269 6f73 , ...--hint-bios\n+00038730: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d62 ..., ...--hint-b\n+00038740: 6172 656d 6574 616c e280 992c 20e2 8098 aremetal..., ...\n+00038750: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d65 6669 e280 992c 0a20 --hint-efi...,. \n+00038760: 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d68 696e and ...--hin\n+00038770: 742d 6172 63e2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 t-arc.... When \n+00038780: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 7365 specified, these\n+00038790: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 616b 6520 616e options take an\n+000387a0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2061 argument. a\n+000387b0: 6e64 206f 7065 7261 7465 206c 696b 6520 nd operate like \n+000387c0: e280 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 2c20 6275 ...--hint..., bu\n+000387d0: 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 t only on the sp\n+000387e0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d ecified platform\n+000387f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00038800: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 656e info, Node: sen\n+00038810: 646b 6579 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6574 dkey, Next: set\n+00038820: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6561 7263 682c , Prev: search,\n+00038830: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00038840: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00038850: 342e 3636 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a2d 2d2d 4.66 sendkey.---\n+00038860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00038870: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 656e 646b - Command: sendk\n+00038880: 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d ey. [--\n+00038890: 6e75 6d7c 2d2d 6361 7073 7c2d 2d73 6372 num|--caps|--scr\n+000388a0: 6f6c 6c7c 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 7c2d 2d70 oll|--insert|--p\n+000388b0: 6175 7365 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 7368 6966 ause|--left-shif\n+000388c0: 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 7368 6966 747c t|--right-shift|\n+000388d0: 2d2d 7379 7372 717c 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 --sysrq|--numkey\n+000388e0: 7c2d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 7c2d 2d73 6372 |--capskey|--scr\n+000388f0: 6f6c 6c6b 6579 7c2d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b ollkey|--insertk\n+00038900: 6579 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 616c 747c 2d2d ey|--left-alt|--\n+00038910: 7269 6768 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 6c65 6674 right-alt|--left\n+00038920: 2d63 7472 6c7c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 6374 -ctrl|--right-ct\n+00038930: 726c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6e7c rl. on|\n+00038940: 6f66 665d 2e2e 2e20 5b6e 6f2d 6c65 645d off]... [no-led]\n+00038950: 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 keystroke. \n+00038960: 496e 7365 7274 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 Insert keystroke\n+00038970: 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 206b 6579 626f s into the keybo\n+00038980: 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 2077 6865 6e20 ard buffer when \n+00038990: 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 536f 6d65 7469 booting. Someti\n+000389a0: 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 mes. an oper\n+000389b0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 ating system or \n+000389c0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 6420 626f 6f74 chainloaded boot\n+000389d0: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7265 7175 6972 6573 loader requires\n+000389e0: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 particular. \n+000389f0: 206b 6579 7320 746f 2062 6520 7072 6573 keys to be pres\n+00038a00: 7365 643a 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 sed: for example\n+00038a10: 2c20 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 6e65 6564 , one might need\n+00038a20: 2074 6f20 7072 6573 7320 610a 2020 2020 to press a. \n+00038a30: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6b65 7920 particular key \n+00038a40: 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2022 7361 6665 206d to enter \"safe m\n+00038a50: 6f64 6522 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 6368 ode\", or when ch\n+00038a60: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 ainloading anoth\n+00038a70: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 er. boot loa\n+00038a80: 6465 7220 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 7365 der one might se\n+00038a90: 6e64 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 746f nd keystrokes to\n+00038aa0: 2069 7420 746f 206e 6176 6967 6174 6520 it to navigate \n+00038ab0: 6974 7320 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 its menu... \n+00038ac0: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 Note: This comma\n+00038ad0: 6e64 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 nd is currently \n+00038ae0: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f only available o\n+00038af0: 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 630a 2020 n the i386-pc. \n+00038b00: 2020 2074 6172 6765 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 target... \n+00038b10: 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2070 726f 7669 6465 You may provide\n+00038b20: 2075 7020 746f 2031 3620 6b65 7973 7472 up to 16 keystr\n+00038b30: 6f6b 6573 2028 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 okes (the length\n+00038b40: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 of the BIOS. \n+00038b50: 2020 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 keyboard buffe\n+00038b60: 7229 2e20 204b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 206e r). 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F3 \n 00039330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039340: 4633 0a20 2020 2020 4634 2020 2020 2020 F3. F4 \n+00039340: 2020 2020 2020 4633 0a20 2020 2020 4634 F3. F4\n 00039350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039360: 2020 2020 2020 4634 0a20 2020 2020 4635 F4. F5\n-00039370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4635 0a20 F5. \n-00039390: 2020 2020 4636 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F6 \n+00039360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4634 0a20 F4. \n+00039370: 2020 2020 4635 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F5 \n+00039380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039390: 2020 4635 0a20 2020 2020 4636 2020 2020 F5. F6 \n 000393a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000393b0: 2020 4636 0a20 2020 2020 4637 2020 2020 F6. F7 \n-000393c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000393d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4637 0a20 2020 2020 F7. \n-000393e0: 4638 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F8 \n-000393f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4638 F8\n-00039400: 0a20 2020 2020 4639 2020 2020 2020 2020 . F9 \n+000393b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4636 0a20 2020 2020 F6. \n+000393c0: 4637 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F7 \n+000393d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4637 F7\n+000393e0: 0a20 2020 2020 4638 2020 2020 2020 2020 . F8 \n+000393f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039400: 2020 2020 4638 0a20 2020 2020 4639 2020 F8. F9 \n 00039410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039420: 2020 2020 4639 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3020 F9. F10 \n-00039430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 300a 2020 F10. \n-00039450: 2020 2046 3131 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F11 \n+00039420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4639 0a20 2020 F9. \n+00039430: 2020 4631 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F10 \n+00039440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039450: 4631 300a 2020 2020 2046 3131 2020 2020 F10. F11 \n 00039460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039470: 2046 3131 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3220 2020 F11. F12 \n-00039480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 320a 2020 2020 F12. \n-000394a0: 206e 756d 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num1 \n-000394b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 1\n-000394c0: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-000394d0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3220 2020 2020 ). num2 \n-000394e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000394f0: 2020 2020 2032 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 2 (numeric \n-00039500: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-00039510: 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3 \n-00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 2028 6e75 3 (nu\n-00039530: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-00039540: 2020 206e 756d 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 num4 \n+00039470: 2020 2020 2020 2046 3131 0a20 2020 2020 F11. \n+00039480: 4631 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F12 \n+00039490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 F1\n+000394a0: 320a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3120 2020 2020 2. num1 \n+000394b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000394c0: 2020 2020 2031 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 1 (numeric \n+000394d0: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+000394e0: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2 \n+000394f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 2028 6e75 2 (nu\n+00039500: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00039510: 2020 206e 756d 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 num3 \n+00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039530: 2033 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 3 (numeric keyp\n+00039540: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3420 2020 ad). num4 \n 00039550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039560: 2034 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 4 (numeric keyp\n-00039570: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3520 2020 ad). num5 \n-00039580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039590: 2020 2020 2020 2035 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 5 (numeri\n-000395a0: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-000395b0: 756d 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um6 \n-000395c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2036 2028 6 (\n-000395d0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-000395e0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3720 2020 2020 2020 num7 \n+00039560: 2020 2020 2020 2034 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 4 (numeri\n+00039570: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+00039580: 756d 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um5 \n+00039590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2035 2028 5 (\n+000395a0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+000395b0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3620 2020 2020 2020 num6 \n+000395c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000395d0: 2020 2036 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 6 (numeric ke\n+000395e0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3720 ypad). num7 \n 000395f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039600: 2020 2037 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7 (numeric ke\n-00039610: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3820 ypad). num8 \n-00039620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 2028 6e75 6d65 8 (nume\n-00039640: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039650: 206e 756d 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num9 \n-00039660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2039 9\n-00039670: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00039680: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3020 2020 2020 ). num0 \n-00039690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000396a0: 2020 2020 2030 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 0 (numeric \n-000396b0: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-000396c0: 7065 7269 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 period \n-000396d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2020 286e . (n\n-000396e0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-000396f0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e64 2020 2020 2020 numend \n+00039600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2037 2028 6e75 6d65 7 (nume\n+00039610: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+00039620: 206e 756d 3820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num8 \n+00039630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 8\n+00039640: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+00039650: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3920 2020 2020 ). num9 \n+00039660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039670: 2020 2020 2039 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 9 (numeric \n+00039680: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+00039690: 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 0 \n+000396a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 2028 6e75 0 (nu\n+000396b0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+000396c0: 2020 206e 756d 7065 7269 6f64 2020 2020 numperiod \n+000396d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000396e0: 202e 2020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 . (numeric key\n+000396f0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e64 pad). numend\n 00039700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039710: 2020 456e 6420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b End (numeric k\n-00039720: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 eypad). numd\n-00039730: 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 own \n-00039740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 776e 2028 Down (\n-00039750: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00039760: 2020 2020 206e 756d 7067 646f 776e 2020 numpgdown \n-00039770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039780: 2020 2050 6167 6520 446f 776e 2028 6e75 Page Down (nu\n-00039790: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-000397a0: 2020 206e 756d 6c65 6674 2020 2020 2020 numleft \n+00039710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 6420 286e 756d End (num\n+00039720: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+00039730: 2020 6e75 6d64 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 numdown \n+00039740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039750: 446f 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 Down (numeric ke\n+00039760: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7067 ypad). numpg\n+00039770: 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 down \n+00039780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 446f Page Do\n+00039790: 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 wn (numeric keyp\n+000397a0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6c65 6674 ad). numleft\n 000397b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000397c0: 204c 6566 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b Left (numeric k\n-000397d0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d63 eypad). numc\n-000397e0: 656e 7465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enter \n-000397f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3520 7769 7468 5 with\n-00039800: 204e 756d 204c 6f63 6b20 696e 6163 7469 Num Lock inacti\n-00039810: 7665 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 630a 2020 2020 ve (numeric. \n-00039820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n-00039840: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d72 eypad). numr\n-00039850: 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ight \n-00039860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5269 6768 7420 Right \n-00039870: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-00039880: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d68 6f6d 6520 2020 . numhome \n-00039890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000398a0: 2020 2020 486f 6d65 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 Home (numeri\n-000398b0: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-000398c0: 756d 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 umup \n-000398d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 7020 Up \n-000398e0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-000398f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6775 7020 2020 . numpgup \n-00039900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039910: 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 7020 286e 756d Page Up (num\n-00039920: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-00039930: 2020 6e75 6d69 6e73 6572 7420 2020 2020 numinsert \n-00039940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039950: 496e 7365 7274 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 Insert (numeric \n-00039960: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-00039970: 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 delete \n-00039980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 Delet\n-00039990: 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 e (numeric keypa\n-000399a0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d61 7374 6572 d). numaster\n-000399b0: 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 isk \n-000399c0: 2020 2020 2020 2a20 286e 756d 6572 6963 * (numeric\n-000399d0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-000399e0: 6d6d 696e 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mminus \n-000399f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d20 286e - (n\n-00039a00: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039a10: 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6c75 7320 2020 2020 numplus \n-00039a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a30: 2020 2b20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 + (numeric key\n-00039a40: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d73 6c61 pad). numsla\n-00039a50: 7368 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sh \n-00039a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f20 286e 756d 6572 / (numer\n-00039a70: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-00039a80: 6e75 6d65 6e74 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 numenter \n-00039a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e En\n-00039aa0: 7465 7220 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 ter (numeric key\n-00039ab0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6c65 7465 pad). delete\n-00039ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 0a20 Delete. \n-00039ae0: 2020 2020 696e 7365 7274 2020 2020 2020 insert \n+000397c0: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6566 7420 286e 756d Left (num\n+000397d0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+000397e0: 2020 6e75 6d63 656e 7465 7220 2020 2020 numcenter \n+000397f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039800: 3520 7769 7468 204e 756d 204c 6f63 6b20 5 with Num Lock \n+00039810: 696e 6163 7469 7665 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 inactive (numeri\n+00039820: 630a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 c. \n+00039830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039840: 2020 2020 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 keypad). \n+00039850: 2020 6e75 6d72 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 numright \n+00039860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039870: 5269 6768 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b Right (numeric k\n+00039880: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d68 eypad). numh\n+00039890: 6f6d 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ome \n+000398a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 6d65 2028 Home (\n+000398b0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+000398c0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 7570 2020 2020 2020 numup \n+000398d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000398e0: 2020 2055 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b Up (numeric k\n+000398f0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 eypad). nump\n+00039900: 6775 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gup \n+00039910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 Page U\n+00039920: 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 p (numeric keypa\n+00039930: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d69 6e73 6572 d). numinser\n+00039940: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+00039950: 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 2028 6e75 Insert (nu\n+00039960: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00039970: 2020 206e 756d 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 numdelete \n+00039980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039990: 2044 656c 6574 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 Delete (numeric\n+000399a0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+000399b0: 6d61 7374 6572 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 masterisk \n+000399c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 286e * (n\n+000399d0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+000399e0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d6d 696e 7573 2020 2020 numminus \n+000399f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039a00: 2020 2d20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 - (numeric key\n+00039a10: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6c75 pad). numplu\n+00039a20: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s \n+00039a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2b20 286e 756d 6572 + (numer\n+00039a40: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+00039a50: 6e75 6d73 6c61 7368 2020 2020 2020 2020 numslash \n+00039a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f20 / \n+00039a70: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+00039a80: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e74 6572 2020 . numenter \n+00039a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039aa0: 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 286e 756d 6572 Enter (numer\n+00039ab0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+00039ac0: 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 delete \n+00039ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 De\n+00039ae0: 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7365 7274 lete. insert\n 00039af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b00: 2020 496e 7365 7274 0a20 2020 2020 686f Insert. ho\n-00039b10: 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 me \n-00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 6d65 Home\n-00039b30: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6420 2020 2020 2020 . end \n+00039b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 0a20 Insert. \n+00039b10: 2020 2020 686f 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 home \n+00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039b30: 2020 486f 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6420 Home. end \n 00039b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b50: 2020 2020 456e 640a 2020 2020 2070 6764 End. pgd\n-00039b60: 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 own \n-00039b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 Page \n-00039b80: 446f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 7067 7570 2020 Down. pgup \n-00039b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 700a Page Up.\n-00039bb0: 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 down \n+00039b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 640a 2020 End. \n+00039b60: 2020 2070 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 pgdown \n+00039b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039b80: 2050 6167 6520 446f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 Page Down. \n+00039b90: 7067 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgup \n+00039ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 Pa\n+00039bb0: 6765 2055 700a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e20 ge Up. down \n 00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039bd0: 2020 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 7020 Down. up \n-00039be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 700a 2020 Up. \n-00039c00: 2020 206c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 left \n+00039bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 Down. \n+00039be0: 2020 2075 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n+00039bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039c00: 2055 700a 2020 2020 206c 6566 7420 2020 Up. left \n 00039c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c20: 204c 6566 740a 2020 2020 2072 6967 6874 Left. right\n-00039c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6967 6874 0a0a Right..\n-00039c50: 2020 2020 2041 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 As well as \n-00039c60: 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2c20 7468 6520 keystrokes, the \n-00039c70: e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 636f ...sendkey... co\n-00039c80: 6d6d 616e 6420 7461 6b65 7320 7661 7269 mmand takes vari\n-00039c90: 6f75 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 ous options. \n-00039ca0: 2074 6861 7420 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 that affect the\n-00039cb0: 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 BIOS keyboard s\n-00039cc0: 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 732e 2020 5468 tatus flags. Th\n-00039cd0: 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7461 6b65 ese options take\n-00039ce0: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6f6e e280 an. ...on..\n-00039cf0: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2070 . or ...off... p\n-00039d00: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 7370 6563 6966 arameter, specif\n-00039d10: 7969 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 636f ying that the co\n-00039d20: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 7374 6174 rresponding stat\n-00039d30: 7573 0a20 2020 2020 666c 6167 2062 6520 us. flag be \n-00039d40: 7365 7420 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 3b20 6f6d set or unset; om\n-00039d50: 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f itting the optio\n-00039d60: 6e20 666f 7220 6120 6769 7665 6e20 7374 n for a given st\n-00039d70: 6174 7573 2066 6c61 670a 2020 2020 2077 atus flag. w\n-00039d80: 696c 6c20 6c65 6176 6520 7468 6174 2066 ill leave that f\n-00039d90: 6c61 6720 6174 2069 7473 2069 6e69 7469 lag at its initi\n-00039da0: 616c 2073 7461 7465 2061 7420 626f 6f74 al state at boot\n-00039db0: 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 6de2 . The ...--num.\n-00039dc0: 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6361 ..,. ...--ca\n-00039dd0: 7073 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 726f ps..., ...--scro\n-00039de0: 6c6c e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d ll..., and ...--\n-00039df0: 696e 7365 7274 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e insert... option\n-00039e00: 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 7365 7474 696e s emulate settin\n-00039e10: 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 g the. corre\n-00039e20: 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 206d 6f64 652c 2077 sponding mode, w\n-00039e30: 6869 6c65 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 hile the ...--nu\n-00039e40: 6d6b 6579 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6361 mkey..., ...--ca\n-00039e50: 7073 6b65 79e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 pskey...,. .\n-00039e60: 8098 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 79e2 8099 ..--scrollkey...\n-00039e70: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d69 6e73 6572 , and ...--inser\n-00039e80: 746b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 tkey... options \n-00039e90: 656d 756c 6174 6520 7072 6573 7369 6e67 emulate pressing\n-00039ea0: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 686f 6c64 696e and. holdin\n-00039eb0: 6720 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 g the correspond\n-00039ec0: 696e 6720 6b65 792e 2020 5468 6520 6f74 ing key. The ot\n-00039ed0: 6865 7220 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6720 her status flag \n-00039ee0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 options are. \n-00039ef0: 2073 656c 662d 6578 706c 616e 6174 6f72 self-explanator\n-00039f00: 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 y... If the \n-00039f10: e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6c65 64e2 8099 206f ...--no-led... o\n-00039f20: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 ption is given, \n-00039f30: 7468 6520 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6720 the status flag \n-00039f40: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 options will. \n-00039f50: 2020 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 have no effect\n-00039f60: 206f 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 204c 4544 on keyboard LED\n-00039f70: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 s... If the \n-00039f80: e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 636f ...sendkey... co\n-00039f90: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d mmand is given m\n-00039fa0: 756c 7469 706c 6520 7469 6d65 732c 2074 ultiple times, t\n-00039fb0: 6865 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 2020 hen only the. \n-00039fc0: 2020 6c61 7374 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 696f last invocatio\n-00039fd0: 6e20 6861 7320 616e 7920 6566 6665 6374 n has any effect\n-00039fe0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5369 6e63 6520 e280 ... Since ..\n-00039ff0: 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 6d61 6e69 .sendkey... mani\n-0003a000: 7075 6c61 7465 7320 7468 6520 4249 4f53 pulates the BIOS\n-0003a010: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 keyboard buffer\n-0003a020: 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 0a20 , it may cause. \n-0003a030: 2020 2020 6861 6e67 732c 2072 6562 6f6f hangs, reboo\n-0003a040: 7473 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 206d 6973 ts, or other mis\n-0003a050: 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f6e 2073 6f6d behaviour on som\n-0003a060: 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 4966 2074 e systems. If t\n-0003a070: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e he. operatin\n-0003a080: 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 626f 6f74 g system or boot\n-0003a090: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 6174 2072 756e loader that run\n-0003a0a0: 7320 6166 7465 7220 4752 5542 2075 7365 s after GRUB use\n-0003a0b0: 7320 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 206b s its own. k\n-0003a0c0: 6579 626f 6172 6420 6472 6976 6572 2072 eyboard driver r\n-0003a0d0: 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 2042 ather than the B\n-0003a0e0: 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2066 756e IOS keyboard fun\n-0003a0f0: 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 ctions, then. \n-0003a100: 2020 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 ...sendkey... \n-0003a110: 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 will have no eff\n-0003a120: 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ect... This \n-0003a130: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 command is only \n-0003a140: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2050 4320 available on PC \n-0003a150: 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f BIOS systems....\n-0003a160: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003a170: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6574 2c20 204e , Node: set, N\n-0003a180: 6578 743a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2050 ext: sha1sum, P\n-0003a190: 7265 763a 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 2055 rev: sendkey, U\n-0003a1a0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0003a1b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 commands..17.4.6\n-0003a1c0: 3720 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 7 set.----------\n-0003a1d0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003a1e0: 7365 7420 5b65 6e76 7661 723d 7661 6c75 set [envvar=valu\n-0003a1f0: 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 e]. Set the \n-0003a200: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-0003a210: 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 5220 746f 2056 able ENVVAR to V\n-0003a220: 414c 5545 2e20 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 ALUE. If invoke\n-0003a230: 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 d with no. a\n-0003a240: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 rguments, print \n-0003a250: 616c 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 all environment \n-0003a260: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2074 variables with t\n-0003a270: 6865 6972 2076 616c 7565 732e 2020 466f heir values. Fo\n-0003a280: 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 r. the list \n-0003a290: 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 of environment v\n-0003a2a0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2063 7572 7265 6e74 ariables current\n-0003a2b0: 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 ly used by GRUB \n-0003a2c0: 6974 7365 6c66 2073 6565 0a20 2020 2020 itself see. \n-0003a2d0: 7468 6520 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2073 6563 the relevant sec\n-0003a2e0: 7469 6f6e 202a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 tion *note Envir\n-0003a2f0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c onment::.....Fil\n-0003a300: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003a310: 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 204e ode: sha1sum, N\n-0003a320: 6578 743a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 ext: sha256sum, \n-0003a330: 2050 7265 763a 2073 6574 2c20 2055 703a Prev: set, Up:\n-0003a340: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0003a350: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3820 mmands..17.4.68 \n-0003a360: 7368 6131 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sha1sum.--------\n-0003a370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003a380: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d20 6172 mand: sha1sum ar\n-0003a390: 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 g .... Alias\n-0003a3a0: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 for ...hashsum \n-0003a3b0: 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3120 6172 6720 --hash sha1 arg \n-0003a3c0: 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d ....... See com\n-0003a3d0: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 mand ...hashsum.\n-0003a3e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 ... (*note h\n-0003a3f0: 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 ashsum::) for fu\n-0003a400: 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a ll description..\n-0003a410: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003a420: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3235 fo, Node: sha25\n-0003a430: 3673 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 6sum, Next: sha\n-0003a440: 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 512sum, Prev: s\n-0003a450: 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ha1sum, Up: Com\n-0003a460: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0003a470: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3920 7368 6132 ds..17.4.69 sha2\n-0003a480: 3536 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 56sum.----------\n-0003a490: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003a4a0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d20 mand: sha256sum \n-0003a4b0: 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 arg .... Ali\n-0003a4c0: 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 as for ...hashsu\n-0003a4d0: 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3235 3620 m --hash sha256 \n-0003a4e0: 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 arg ....... See\n-0003a4f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 command ...hash\n-0003a500: 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f sum.... (*no\n-0003a510: 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f te hashsum::) fo\n-0003a520: 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 r full descripti\n-0003a530: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n-0003a540: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n-0003a550: 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a ha512sum, Next:\n-0003a560: 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 sleep, Prev: s\n-0003a570: 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ha256sum, Up: C\n-0003a580: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-0003a590: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3020 7368 ands..17.4.70 sh\n-0003a5a0: 6135 3132 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d a512sum.--------\n-0003a5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003a5c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 ommand: sha512su\n-0003a5d0: 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 m arg .... A\n-0003a5e0: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 lias for ...hash\n-0003a5f0: 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3531 sum --hash sha51\n-0003a600: 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 2 arg ....... S\n-0003a610: 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 ee command ...ha\n-0003a620: 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a shsum.... (*\n-0003a630: 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 note hashsum::) \n-0003a640: 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 for full descrip\n-0003a650: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-0003a660: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003a670: 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 sleep, Next: s\n-0003a680: 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 mbios, Prev: sh\n-0003a690: 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f a512sum, Up: Co\n-0003a6a0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0003a6b0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3731 2073 6c65 nds..17.4.71 sle\n-0003a6c0: 6570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ep.-------------\n-0003a6d0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n-0003a6e0: 6c65 6570 205b 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 655d leep [--verbose]\n-0003a6f0: 205b 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 7469 626c [--interruptibl\n-0003a700: 655d 2063 6f75 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 536c e] count. Sl\n-0003a710: 6565 7020 666f 7220 434f 554e 5420 7365 eep for COUNT se\n-0003a720: 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f conds. If optio\n-0003a730: 6e20 e280 982d 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 7074 n ...--interrupt\n-0003a740: 6962 6c65 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e ible... is given\n-0003a750: 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 7265 ,. allow pre\n-0003a760: 7373 696e 6720 3c45 5343 3e2c 203c 4634 ssing , or holding dow\n-0003a780: 6e20 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 746f 2069 6e74 n to int\n-0003a790: 6572 7275 7074 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6565 errupt. slee\n-0003a7a0: 702e 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7665 p. With ...--ve\n-0003a7b0: 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 2073 686f 7720 636f rbose... show co\n-0003a7c0: 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 6f66 2072 656d 6169 untdown of remai\n-0003a7d0: 6e69 6e67 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2e20 2045 ning seconds. E\n-0003a7e0: 7869 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6520 6973 xit. code is\n-0003a7f0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 696d set to 0 if tim\n-0003a800: 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 6564 2061 6e64 eout expired and\n-0003a810: 2074 6f20 3120 6966 2074 696d 656f 7574 to 1 if timeout\n-0003a820: 2077 6173 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7272 was. interr\n-0003a830: 7570 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 616e 7920 upted using any \n-0003a840: 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 of the mentioned\n-0003a850: 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 keys.....File: \n-0003a860: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003a870: 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 204e 6578 743a : smbios, Next:\n-0003a880: 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 source, Prev: \n-0003a890: 736c 6565 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d sleep, Up: Comm\n-0003a8a0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0003a8b0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3732 2073 6d62 696f s..17.4.72 smbio\n-0003a8c0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n-0003a8d0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n-0003a8e0: 6d62 696f 7320 5b2d 2d74 7970 6520 5459 mbios [--type TY\n-0003a8f0: 5045 5d20 5b2d 2d68 616e 646c 6520 4841 PE] [--handle HA\n-0003a900: 4e44 4c45 5d20 5b2d 2d6d 6174 6368 204d NDLE] [--match M\n-0003a910: 4154 4348 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ATCH]. \n-0003a920: 282d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 6520 7c20 2d2d (--get-byte | --\n-0003a930: 6765 742d 776f 7264 207c 202d 2d67 6574 get-word | --get\n-0003a940: 2d64 776f 7264 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d71 -dword | --get-q\n-0003a950: 776f 7264 207c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 word |. \n-0003a960: 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e 6720 7c20 --get-string | \n-0003a970: 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 6964 2920 4f46 4653 --get-uuid) OFFS\n-0003a980: 4554 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 5641 5249 4142 ET [--set VARIAB\n-0003a990: 4c45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 LE]. Retriev\n-0003a9a0: 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 e SMBIOS informa\n-0003a9b0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 tion... The \n-0003a9c0: e280 9873 6d62 696f 73e2 8099 2063 6f6d ...smbios... com\n-0003a9d0: 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 6865 mand returns the\n-0003a9e0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 6669 656c value of a fiel\n-0003a9f0: 6420 696e 2061 6e20 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 d in an SMBIOS. \n-0003aa00: 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 structure. \n-0003aa10: 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 The following op\n-0003aa20: 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 tions determine \n-0003aa30: 7768 6963 6820 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 which structure \n-0003aa40: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 2e0a to. select..\n-0003aa50: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 . ... Spe\n-0003aa60: 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d74 7970 cifying ...--typ\n-0003aa70: 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 e... will select\n-0003aa80: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 7769 7468 structures with\n-0003aa90: 2061 206d 6174 6368 696e 670a 2020 2020 a matching. \n-0003aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 5459 5045 2e20 2054 6865 TYPE. The\n-0003aab0: 2074 7970 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 type can be any\n-0003aac0: 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2066 726f 6d20 3020 integer from 0 \n-0003aad0: 746f 2032 3535 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 to 255.. \n-0003aae0: e280 a220 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 ... Specifying .\n-0003aaf0: 8098 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 e280 9920 7769 ..--handle... wi\n-0003ab00: 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 ll select struct\n-0003ab10: 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d61 7463 ures with a matc\n-0003ab20: 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 hing. H\n-0003ab30: 414e 444c 452e 2020 5468 6520 6861 6e64 ANDLE. The hand\n-0003ab40: 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 696e le can be any in\n-0003ab50: 7465 6765 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 2074 6f20 teger from 0 to \n-0003ab60: 3635 3533 352e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 65535.. .\n-0003ab70: 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 .. Specifying ..\n-0003ab80: 982d 2d6d 6174 6368 e280 9920 7769 6c6c .--match... will\n-0003ab90: 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 select structur\n-0003aba0: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 204d 4154 4348 2069 e number MATCH i\n-0003abb0: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n the. \n-0003abc0: 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 6f66 filtered list of\n-0003abd0: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 733b 2065 2e67 structures; e.g\n-0003abe0: 2e20 20e2 8098 736d 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 . ...smbios --t\n-0003abf0: 7970 6520 3420 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 32e2 ype 4 --match 2.\n-0003ac00: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c ... wil\n-0003ac10: 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 l select the sec\n-0003ac20: 6f6e 6420 5072 6f63 6573 7320 496e 666f ond Process Info\n-0003ac30: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 2854 7970 6520 3429 rmation (Type 4)\n-0003ac40: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 structure.. \n-0003ac50: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c69 7374 2069 The list i\n-0003ac60: 7320 616c 7761 7973 206f 7264 6572 6564 s always ordered\n-0003ac70: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 the same as the\n-0003ac80: 2068 6172 6477 6172 6527 7320 534d 4249 hardware's SMBI\n-0003ac90: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6162 OS. tab\n-0003aca0: 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6174 6368 206e le. The match n\n-0003acb0: 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 umber must be a \n-0003acc0: 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e74 6567 6572 positive integer\n-0003acd0: 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . If. \n-0003ace0: 756e 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 unspecified, the\n-0003acf0: 2066 6972 7374 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 first matching \n-0003ad00: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 structure will b\n-0003ad10: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e selected... \n-0003ad20: 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 The remaining \n-0003ad30: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e options determin\n-0003ad40: 6520 7768 6963 6820 6669 656c 6420 696e e which field in\n-0003ad50: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d the selected SM\n-0003ad60: 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 BIOS. struct\n-0003ad70: 7572 6520 746f 2072 6574 7572 6e2e 2020 ure to return. \n-0003ad80: 4f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6573 Only one of thes\n-0003ad90: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6265 e options may be\n-0003ada0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 740a 2020 specified at. \n-0003adb0: 2020 2061 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 a time... \n-0003adc0: 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 ... When giv\n-0003add0: 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 6279 7465 en ...--get-byte\n-0003ade0: e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 ..., return the \n-0003adf0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2062 7974 value of the byt\n-0003ae00: 6520 6174 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 204f e at. O\n-0003ae10: 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f FFSET bytes into\n-0003ae20: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d the selected SM\n-0003ae30: 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 BIOS structure. \n-0003ae40: 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 It will be. \n-0003ae50: 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 formatted \n-0003ae60: 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 as an unsigned d\n-0003ae70: 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a ecimal integer..\n-0003ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e ... When\n-0003ae90: 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d given ...--get-\n-0003aea0: 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 word..., return \n-0003aeb0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the value of the\n-0003aec0: 2077 6f72 6420 2874 776f 0a20 2020 2020 word (two. \n-0003aed0: 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f bytes) at O\n-0003aee0: 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f FFSET bytes into\n-0003aef0: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d the selected SM\n-0003af00: 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 BIOS structure. \n-0003af10: 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 It. wi\n-0003af20: 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 ll be formatted \n-0003af30: 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 as an unsigned d\n-0003af40: 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a ecimal integer..\n-0003af50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e ... When\n-0003af60: 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d given ...--get-\n-0003af70: 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e dword..., return\n-0003af80: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 the value of th\n-0003af90: 6520 6477 6f72 6420 2866 6f75 720a 2020 e dword (four. \n-0003afa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 bytes) a\n-0003afb0: 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 t OFFSET bytes i\n-0003afc0: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 nto the selected\n-0003afd0: 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 SMBIOS structur\n-0003afe0: 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. It. \n-0003aff0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 will be formatt\n-0003b000: 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 ed as an unsigne\n-0003b010: 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 d decimal intege\n-0003b020: 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 r.. ... W\n-0003b030: 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 hen given ...--g\n-0003b040: 6574 2d71 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 et-qword..., ret\n-0003b050: 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 urn the value of\n-0003b060: 2074 6865 2071 776f 7264 2028 6569 6768 the qword (eigh\n-0003b070: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 t. byte\n-0003b080: 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 s) at OFFSET byt\n-0003b090: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 es into the sele\n-0003b0a0: 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 cted SMBIOS stru\n-0003b0b0: 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 cture. It. \n-0003b0c0: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 will be for\n-0003b0d0: 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 matted as an uns\n-0003b0e0: 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e igned decimal in\n-0003b0f0: 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 teger.. .\n-0003b100: 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 .. When given ..\n-0003b110: 982d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e 67e2 8099 .--get-string...\n-0003b120: 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2073 7472 , return the str\n-0003b130: 696e 6720 7769 7468 2069 7473 2069 6e64 ing with its ind\n-0003b140: 6578 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f75 ex. fou\n-0003b150: 6e64 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 nd at OFFSET byt\n-0003b160: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 es into the sele\n-0003b170: 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 cted SMBIOS stru\n-0003b180: 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 cture.. .\n-0003b190: 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 .. When given ..\n-0003b1a0: 982d 2d67 6574 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 2c20 .--get-uuid..., \n-0003b1b0: 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 return the value\n-0003b1c0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 5555 4944 2028 7369 of the UUID (si\n-0003b1d0: 7874 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xteen. \n-0003b1e0: 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 bytes) at OFFSET\n-0003b1f0: 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 bytes into the \n-0003b200: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 selected SMBIOS \n-0003b210: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 structure. It. \n-0003b220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 will be\n-0003b230: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 6c6f formatted as lo\n-0003b240: 7765 722d 6361 7365 2068 7970 6865 6e61 wer-case hyphena\n-0003b250: 7465 6420 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 ted hexadecimal \n-0003b260: 6469 6769 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 digits,. \n-0003b270: 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 with the first\n-0003b280: 2074 6872 6565 2066 6965 6c64 7320 6173 three fields as\n-0003b290: 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 2c20 little-endian, \n-0003b2a0: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 7374 0a20 2020 and the rest. \n-0003b2b0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 printed b\n-0003b2c0: 7974 652d 6279 2d62 7974 652e 0a0a 2020 yte-by-byte... \n-0003b2d0: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2061 The default a\n-0003b2e0: 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6f20 7072 696e ction is to prin\n-0003b2f0: 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 t the value of t\n-0003b300: 6865 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2066 6965 he requested fie\n-0003b310: 6c64 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 ld to. the c\n-0003b320: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6120 7661 onsole, but a va\n-0003b330: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6361 6e20 riable name can \n-0003b340: 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 be specified wit\n-0003b350: 6820 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 746f h ...--set... to\n-0003b360: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6f72 6520 7468 6520 . store the \n-0003b370: 7661 6c75 6520 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 value instead of\n-0003b380: 2070 7269 6e74 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a20 printing it... \n-0003b390: 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c For example,\n-0003b3a0: 2074 6869 7320 7769 6c6c 2073 746f 7265 this will store\n-0003b3b0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6469 7370 6c61 and then displa\n-0003b3c0: 7920 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 y the system. \n-0003b3d0: 2020 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 2773 manufacturer's\n-0003b3e0: 206e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 name... \n-0003b3f0: 2020 736d 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 6520 smbios --type \n-0003b400: 3120 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 7269 6e67 2034 1 --get-string 4\n-0003b410: 202d 2d73 6574 2073 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 --set system_ma\n-0003b420: 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 0a20 2020 2020 nufacturer. \n-0003b430: 2020 2020 2065 6368 6f20 2473 7973 7465 echo $syste\n-0003b440: 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 0a0a m_manufacturer..\n-0003b450: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003b460: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f 7572 6365 o, Node: source\n-0003b470: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6573 742c 2020 , Next: test, \n-0003b480: 5072 6576 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 2055 Prev: smbios, U\n-0003b490: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0003b4a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n-0003b4b0: 3320 736f 7572 6365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 source.-------\n-0003b4c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003b4d0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2066 696c mand: source fil\n-0003b4e0: 650a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 4649 4c45 e. Read FILE\n-0003b4f0: 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 as a configurat\n-0003b500: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 6173 2069 6620 ion file, as if \n-0003b510: 6974 7320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2068 6164 its contents had\n-0003b520: 2062 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6e63 6f72 been. incor\n-0003b530: 706f 7261 7465 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 porated directly\n-0003b540: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 736f 7572 6369 into the sourci\n-0003b550: 6e67 2066 696c 652e 2020 556e 6c69 6b65 ng file. Unlike\n-0003b560: 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 ...configfile..\n-0003b570: 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f .. (*note co\n-0003b580: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a 292c 2074 6869 nfigfile::), thi\n-0003b590: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6573 2074 6865 2063 s executes the c\n-0003b5a0: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2046 494c 4520 ontents of FILE \n-0003b5b0: 7769 7468 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2063 6861 without. cha\n-0003b5c0: 6e67 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6578 743a 2061 nging context: a\n-0003b5d0: 6e79 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 ny environment v\n-0003b5e0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 ariable changes \n-0003b5f0: 6d61 6465 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 made by the. \n-0003b600: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2046 494c commands in FIL\n-0003b610: 4520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7072 6573 6572 E will be preser\n-0003b620: 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 e280 9873 6f75 ved after ...sou\n-0003b630: 7263 65e2 8099 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2c20 rce... returns, \n-0003b640: 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e and the. men\n-0003b650: 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 7368 u will not be sh\n-0003b660: 6f77 6e20 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e own immediately.\n-0003b670: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003b680: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 7374 nfo, Node: test\n-0003b690: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 7275 652c 2020 , Next: true, \n-0003b6a0: 5072 6576 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2c20 2055 Prev: source, U\n-0003b6b0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0003b6c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n-0003b6d0: 3420 7465 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4 test.---------\n-0003b6e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003b6f0: 3a20 7465 7374 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f : test expressio\n-0003b700: 6e0a 2020 2020 2045 7661 6c75 6174 6520 n. Evaluate \n-0003b710: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 2061 6e64 2072 EXPRESSION and r\n-0003b720: 6574 7572 6e20 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 eturn zero exit \n-0003b730: 7374 6174 7573 2069 6620 7265 7375 6c74 status if result\n-0003b740: 2069 7320 7472 7565 2c0a 2020 2020 206e is true,. n\n-0003b750: 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 7374 6174 7573 206f on zero status o\n-0003b760: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 therwise... \n-0003b770: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 6f6e EXPRESSION is on\n-0003b780: 6520 6f66 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 e of:.. STRI\n-0003b790: 4e47 3120 e280 983d 3de2 8099 2053 5452 NG1 ...==... STR\n-0003b7a0: 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 ING2. t\n-0003b7b0: 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7265 2065 he strings are e\n-0003b7c0: 7175 616c 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 qual. STRING\n-0003b7d0: 3120 e280 9821 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 1 ...!=... STRIN\n-0003b7e0: 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 G2. the\n-0003b7f0: 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7265 206e 6f74 strings are not\n-0003b800: 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 equal. STRI\n-0003b810: 4e47 3120 e280 983c e280 9920 5354 5249 NG1 ...<... STRI\n-0003b820: 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 NG2. ST\n-0003b830: 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 RING1 is lexicog\n-0003b840: 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6573 7320 raphically less \n-0003b850: 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 than STRING2. \n-0003b860: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983c 3de2 STRING1 ...<=.\n-0003b870: 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 .. STRING2. \n-0003b880: 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 STRING1 is \n-0003b890: 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c lexicographicall\n-0003b8a0: 7920 6c65 7373 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 y less or equal \n-0003b8b0: 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 than STRING2. \n-0003b8c0: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983e e280 STRING1 ...>..\n-0003b8d0: 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 . STRING2. \n-0003b8e0: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c STRING1 is l\n-0003b8f0: 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 exicographically\n-0003b900: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 5354 greater than ST\n-0003b910: 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e RING2. STRIN\n-0003b920: 4731 20e2 8098 3e3d e280 9920 5354 5249 G1 ...>=... STRI\n-0003b930: 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 NG2. ST\n-0003b940: 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 RING1 is lexicog\n-0003b950: 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 2067 7265 6174 raphically great\n-0003b960: 6572 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 7468 616e er or equal than\n-0003b970: 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 494e STRING2. IN\n-0003b980: 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d65 71e2 8099 TEGER1 ...-eq...\n-0003b990: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n-0003b9a0: 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 INTEGER1 is \n-0003b9b0: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 4552 equal to INTEGER\n-0003b9c0: 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 2. INTEGER1 \n-0003b9d0: e280 982d 6765 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 ...-ge... INTEGE\n-0003b9e0: 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 R2. INT\n-0003b9f0: 4547 4552 3120 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 EGER1 is greater\n-0003ba00: 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 than or equal t\n-0003ba10: 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 o INTEGER2. \n-0003ba20: 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d67 74e2 INTEGER1 ...-gt.\n-0003ba30: 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 .. INTEGER2. \n-0003ba40: 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 INTEGER1 i\n-0003ba50: 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 2049 s greater than I\n-0003ba60: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 NTEGER2. INT\n-0003ba70: 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6c65 e280 9920 EGER1 ...-le... \n-0003ba80: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n-0003ba90: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 206c INTEGER1 is l\n-0003baa0: 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 ess than or equa\n-0003bab0: 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 l to INTEGER2. \n-0003bac0: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d INTEGER1 ...-\n-0003bad0: 6c74 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 lt... INTEGER2. \n-0003bae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n-0003baf0: 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 2049 1 is less than I\n-0003bb00: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 NTEGER2. INT\n-0003bb10: 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6e65 e280 9920 EGER1 ...-ne... \n-0003bb20: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n-0003bb30: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 206e INTEGER1 is n\n-0003bb40: 6f74 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 ot equal to INTE\n-0003bb50: 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 5052 4546 4958 GER2. PREFIX\n-0003bb60: 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d70 6774 INTEGER1 ...-pgt\n-0003bb70: e280 9920 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 ... PREFIXINTEGE\n-0003bb80: 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 R2. INT\n-0003bb90: 4547 4552 3120 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 EGER1 is greater\n-0003bba0: 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 4745 5232 2061 than INTEGER2 a\n-0003bbb0: 6674 6572 2073 7472 6970 7069 6e67 206f fter stripping o\n-0003bbc0: 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 ff common. \n-0003bbd0: 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 non-numeric \n-0003bbe0: 5052 4546 4958 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 5245 PREFIX.. PRE\n-0003bbf0: 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d FIXINTEGER1 ...-\n-0003bc00: 706c 74e2 8099 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 plt... PREFIXINT\n-0003bc10: 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 EGER2. \n-0003bc20: 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6c65 7373 INTEGER1 is less\n-0003bc30: 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 4745 5232 2061 than INTEGER2 a\n-0003bc40: 6674 6572 2073 7472 6970 7069 6e67 206f fter stripping o\n-0003bc50: 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 ff common. \n-0003bc60: 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 non-numeric \n-0003bc70: 5052 4546 4958 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 494c PREFIX.. FIL\n-0003bc80: 4531 20e2 8098 2d6e 74e2 8099 2046 494c E1 ...-nt... FIL\n-0003bc90: 4532 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c E2. FIL\n-0003bca0: 4531 2069 7320 6e65 7765 7220 7468 616e E1 is newer than\n-0003bcb0: 2046 494c 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 FILE2 (modifica\n-0003bcc0: 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 tion time). Opt\n-0003bcd0: 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ionally. \n-0003bce0: 2020 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d numeric BIAS m\n-0003bcf0: 6179 2062 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 ay be directly a\n-0003bd00: 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2d6e ppended to ...-n\n-0003bd10: 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 t... in which ca\n-0003bd20: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 se. it \n-0003bd30: 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 is added to the \n-0003bd40: 6669 7273 7420 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 first file modif\n-0003bd50: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 ication time.. \n-0003bd60: 2020 2046 494c 4531 20e2 8098 2d6f 74e2 FILE1 ...-ot.\n-0003bd70: 8099 2046 494c 4532 0a20 2020 2020 2020 .. FILE2. \n-0003bd80: 2020 2046 494c 4531 2069 7320 6f6c 6465 FILE1 is olde\n-0003bd90: 7220 7468 616e 2046 494c 4532 2028 6d6f r than FILE2 (mo\n-0003bda0: 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 dification time)\n-0003bdb0: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 . Optionally. \n-0003bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 numeric \n-0003bdd0: 4249 4153 206d 6179 2062 6520 6469 7265 BIAS may be dire\n-0003bde0: 6374 6c79 2061 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f ctly appended to\n-0003bdf0: 20e2 8098 2d6f 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 7768 ...-ot... in wh\n-0003be00: 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ich case. \n-0003be10: 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 it is added t\n-0003be20: 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6669 6c65 o the first file\n-0003be30: 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7469 modification ti\n-0003be40: 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 me.. ...-d..\n-0003be50: 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 . FILE. \n-0003be60: 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 2061 6e64 FILE exists and\n-0003be70: 2069 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a is a directory.\n-0003be80: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d65 e280 9920 4649 ...-e... FI\n-0003be90: 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c LE. FIL\n-0003bea0: 4520 6578 6973 7473 0a20 2020 2020 e280 E exists. ..\n-0003beb0: 982d 66e2 8099 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 .-f... FILE. \n-0003bec0: 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 FILE exist\n-0003bed0: 7320 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2064 s and is not a d\n-0003bee0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 irectory. ..\n-0003bef0: 982d 73e2 8099 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 .-s... FILE. \n-0003bf00: 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 FILE exist\n-0003bf10: 7320 616e 6420 6861 7320 6120 7369 7a65 s and has a size\n-0003bf20: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7a65 greater than ze\n-0003bf30: 726f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 ro. ...-n...\n-0003bf40: 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 STRING. \n-0003bf50: 2020 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 the length of \n-0003bf60: 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 6e6f 6e7a 6572 STRING is nonzer\n-0003bf70: 6f0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 o. STRING. \n-0003bf80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 2069 STRING i\n-0003bf90: 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 s equivalent to \n-0003bfa0: e280 982d 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 e280 990a ...-n STRING....\n-0003bfb0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d7a e280 9920 5354 ...-z... ST\n-0003bfc0: 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 RING. t\n-0003bfd0: 6865 206c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2053 5452 he length of STR\n-0003bfe0: 494e 4720 6973 207a 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 ING is zero. \n-0003bff0: 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 ...(... EXPRESS\n-0003c000: 494f 4e20 e280 9829 e280 990a 2020 2020 ION ...).... \n-0003c010: 2020 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e EXPRESSION\n-0003c020: 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 e280 is true. ..\n-0003c030: 9821 e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e .!... EXPRESSION\n-0003c040: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 . EXPRE\n-0003c050: 5353 494f 4e20 6973 2066 616c 7365 0a20 SSION is false. \n-0003c060: 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 EXPRESSION1 \n-0003c070: e280 982d 61e2 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 ...-a... EXPRESS\n-0003c080: 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 ION2. b\n-0003c090: 6f74 6820 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 oth EXPRESSION1 \n-0003c0a0: 616e 6420 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 and EXPRESSION2 \n-0003c0b0: 6172 6520 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 4558 are true. EX\n-0003c0c0: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 4558 5052 4553 PRESSION1 EXPRES\n-0003c0d0: 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SION2. \n-0003c0e0: 626f 7468 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 both EXPRESSION1\n-0003c0f0: 2061 6e64 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 and EXPRESSION2\n-0003c100: 2061 7265 2074 7275 652e 2020 5468 6973 are true. This\n-0003c110: 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 syntax is not. \n-0003c120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 4f53 4958 2d63 POSIX-c\n-0003c130: 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2061 6e64 2069 7320 ompliant and is \n-0003c140: 6e6f 7420 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 642e not recommended.\n-0003c150: 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e . EXPRESSION\n-0003c160: 3120 e280 982d 6fe2 8099 2045 5850 5245 1 ...-o... EXPRE\n-0003c170: 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 SSION2. \n-0003c180: 2065 6974 6865 7220 4558 5052 4553 5349 either EXPRESSI\n-0003c190: 4f4e 3120 6f72 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f ON1 or EXPRESSIO\n-0003c1a0: 4e32 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a0a 1f0a 4669 N2 is true....Fi\n-0003c1b0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003c1c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 204e 6578 Node: true, Nex\n-0003c1d0: 743a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: trust, Prev:\n-0003c1e0: 2074 6573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d test, Up: Comm\n-0003c1f0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0003c200: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3735 2074 7275 650a s..17.4.75 true.\n-0003c210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003c220: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 650a - Command: true.\n-0003c230: 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c Do nothing,\n-0003c240: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 successfully. \n-0003c250: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 This is mainly u\n-0003c260: 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c seful in control\n-0003c270: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7473 . constructs\n-0003c280: 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 6966 e280 such as ...if..\n-0003c290: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 . and ...while..\n-0003c2a0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c . (*note Shell-l\n-0003c2b0: 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 ike scripting::)\n-0003c2c0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003c2d0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 7275 info, Node: tru\n-0003c2e0: 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2075 6e73 6574 st, Next: unset\n-0003c2f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 7275 652c 2020 , Prev: true, \n-0003c300: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0003c310: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0003c320: 3736 2074 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 76 trust.-------\n-0003c330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003c340: 616e 643a 2074 7275 7374 205b 2d2d 736b and: trust [--sk\n-0003c350: 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 7075 626b 6579 5f66 ip-sig] pubkey_f\n-0003c360: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 7075 ile. Read pu\n-0003c370: 626c 6963 206b 6579 2066 726f 6d20 5055 blic key from PU\n-0003c380: 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 616e 6420 6164 BKEY_FILE and ad\n-0003c390: 6420 6974 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2773 2069 d it to GRUB's i\n-0003c3a0: 6e74 6572 6e61 6c20 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 nternal list. \n-0003c3b0: 2020 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 of trusted pub\n-0003c3c0: 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 6865 7365 lic keys. These\n-0003c3d0: 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 keys are used t\n-0003c3e0: 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2064 6967 6974 o validate digit\n-0003c3f0: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 al. signatur\n-0003c400: 6573 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d es when environm\n-0003c410: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n-0003c420: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n-0003c430: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 ... is set to. \n-0003c440: 2020 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 ...enforce...\n-0003c450: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 6620 . Note that if \n-0003c460: e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 ...check_signatu\n-0003c470: 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f res... is set to\n-0003c480: 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 0a20 ...enforce.... \n-0003c490: 2020 2020 7768 656e 20e2 8098 7472 7573 when ...trus\n-0003c4a0: 74e2 8099 2065 7865 6375 7465 732c 2074 t... executes, t\n-0003c4b0: 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 hen PUBKEY_FILE \n-0003c4c0: 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c 6620 6265 2070 must itself be p\n-0003c4d0: 726f 7065 726c 790a 2020 2020 2073 6967 roperly. sig\n-0003c4e0: 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 ned. The ...--s\n-0003c4f0: 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f kip-sig... optio\n-0003c500: 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f n can be used to\n-0003c510: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7369 disable. si\n-0003c520: 676e 6174 7572 652d 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 gnature-checking\n-0003c530: 2077 6865 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 5055 when reading PU\n-0003c540: 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6974 7365 6c66 BKEY_FILE itself\n-0003c550: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2065 7870 6563 7465 . It is expecte\n-0003c560: 640a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 e280 982d d. that ...-\n-0003c570: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2069 7320 -skip-sig... is \n-0003c580: 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2074 6573 7469 useful for testi\n-0003c590: 6e67 2061 6e64 206d 616e 7561 6c20 626f ng and manual bo\n-0003c5a0: 6f74 696e 672e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 oting. *Note. \n-0003c5b0: 2020 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c Using digital\n-0003c5c0: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 signatures::, f\n-0003c5d0: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more informat\n-0003c5e0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n-0003c5f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0003c600: 756e 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7665 unset, Next: ve\n-0003c610: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 rify_detached, \n-0003c620: 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 Prev: trust, Up\n-0003c630: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0003c640: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3737 ommands..17.4.77\n-0003c650: 2075 6e73 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d unset.---------\n-0003c660: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003c670: 643a 2075 6e73 6574 2065 6e76 7661 720a d: unset envvar.\n-0003c680: 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 2074 6865 2065 Unset the e\n-0003c690: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-0003c6a0: 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ble ENVVAR.....F\n-0003c6b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003c6c0: 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 Node: verify_de\n-0003c6d0: 7461 6368 6564 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2076 tached, Next: v\n-0003c6e0: 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a ideoinfo, Prev:\n-0003c6f0: 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d unset, Up: Com\n-0003c700: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0003c710: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3820 7665 7269 ds..17.4.78 veri\n-0003c720: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 640a 2d2d 2d2d fy_detached.----\n-0003c730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003c740: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003c750: 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 : verify_detache\n-0003c760: 6420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d 2066 d [--skip-sig] f\n-0003c770: 696c 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 655f 6669 ile signature_fi\n-0003c780: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 7075 le. [pu\n-0003c790: 626b 6579 5f66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 bkey_file]. \n-0003c7a0: 5665 7269 6669 6573 2061 2047 5047 2d73 Verifies a GPG-s\n-0003c7b0: 7479 6c65 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 tyle detached si\n-0003c7c0: 676e 6174 7572 652c 2077 6865 7265 2074 gnature, where t\n-0003c7d0: 6865 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6669 6c65 2069 he signed file i\n-0003c7e0: 730a 2020 2020 2046 494c 452c 2061 6e64 s. FILE, and\n-0003c7f0: 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2069 the signature i\n-0003c800: 7473 656c 6620 6973 2069 6e20 6669 6c65 tself is in file\n-0003c810: 2053 4947 4e41 5455 5245 5f46 494c 452e SIGNATURE_FILE.\n-0003c820: 0a20 2020 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 . Optionally\n-0003c830: 2c20 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 2070 7562 , a specific pub\n-0003c840: 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 746f 2075 7365 2063 lic key to use c\n-0003c850: 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 an be specified \n-0003c860: 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 using. PUBKE\n-0003c870: 595f 4649 4c45 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 656e Y_FILE. When en\n-0003c880: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0003c890: 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e le ...check_sign\n-0003c8a0: 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 atures... is set\n-0003c8b0: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f . to ...enfo\n-0003c8c0: 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2050 5542 rce..., then PUB\n-0003c8d0: 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d 7573 7420 6974 KEY_FILE must it\n-0003c8e0: 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 self be properly\n-0003c8f0: 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6279 2061 6e0a 2020 signed by an. \n-0003c900: 2020 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2d74 7275 7374 already-trust\n-0003c910: 6564 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 756e 7369 ed key. An unsi\n-0003c920: 676e 6564 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 gned PUBKEY_FILE\n-0003c930: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 can be loaded b\n-0003c940: 790a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e y. specifyin\n-0003c950: 6720 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 g ...--skip-sig.\n-0003c960: 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5055 424b 4559 5f46 ... If PUBKEY_F\n-0003c970: 494c 4520 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 ILE is omitted, \n-0003c980: 7468 656e 2070 7562 6c69 630a 2020 2020 then public. \n-0003c990: 206b 6579 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 keys from GRUB'\n-0003c9a0: 7320 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 2028 s trusted keys (\n-0003c9b0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 *note list_trust\n-0003c9c0: 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7472 7573 ed::, *note trus\n-0003c9d0: 743a 3a2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 2a6e t::,. and *n\n-0003c9e0: 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2920 ote distrust::) \n-0003c9f0: 6172 6520 7472 6965 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 are tried... \n-0003ca00: 2045 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 8098 243f Exit code ...$?\n-0003ca10: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 ... is set to 0 \n-0003ca20: 6966 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 if the signature\n-0003ca30: 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 2073 7563 6365 validates succe\n-0003ca40: 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 ssfully.. If\n-0003ca50: 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c validation fail\n-0003ca60: 732c 2069 7420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 s, it is set to \n-0003ca70: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 a non-zero value\n-0003ca80: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 0a20 . *Note Using. \n-0003ca90: 2020 2020 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e digital sign\n-0003caa0: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f atures::, for mo\n-0003cab0: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a re information..\n-0003cac0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003cad0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f fo, Node: video\n-0003cae0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2077 726d info, Next: wrm\n-0003caf0: 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2076 6572 6966 sr, Prev: verif\n-0003cb00: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 2055 703a y_detached, Up:\n-0003cb10: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0003cb20: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3920 mmands..17.4.79 \n-0003cb30: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d videoinfo.------\n-0003cb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003cb50: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 Command: videoi\n-0003cb60: 6e66 6f20 5b5b 5778 485d 7844 5d0a 2020 nfo [[WxH]xD]. \n-0003cb70: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c List availabl\n-0003cb80: 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 e video modes. \n-0003cb90: 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6973 If resolution is\n-0003cba0: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c given, show onl\n-0003cbb0: 790a 2020 2020 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 y. matching \n-0003cbc0: 6d6f 6465 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 modes.....File: \n-0003cbd0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003cbe0: 3a20 7772 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : wrmsr, Prev: \n-0003cbf0: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 videoinfo, Up: \n-0003cc00: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0003cc10: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3830 2077 mands..17.4.80 w\n-0003cc20: 726d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rmsr.-----------\n-0003cc30: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003cc40: 3a20 7772 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 2030 : wrmsr 0xADDR 0\n-0003cc50: 7856 414c 5545 0a20 2020 2020 5772 6974 xVALUE. Writ\n-0003cc60: 6520 6120 3078 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2061 e a 0xVALUE to a\n-0003cc70: 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 model-specific \n-0003cc80: 7265 6769 7374 6572 2061 7420 6164 6472 register at addr\n-0003cc90: 6573 7320 3078 4144 4452 2e0a 0a20 2020 ess 0xADDR... \n-0003cca0: 2020 506c 6561 7365 206e 6f74 6520 7468 Please note th\n-0003ccb0: 6174 206f 6e20 534d 5020 7379 7374 656d at on SMP system\n-0003ccc0: 732c 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 s, writing to a \n-0003ccd0: 4d53 5220 7468 6174 2068 6173 2061 2073 MSR that has a s\n-0003cce0: 636f 7065 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7220 6861 cope. per ha\n-0003ccf0: 7264 7761 7265 2074 6872 6561 642c 2069 rdware thread, i\n-0003cd00: 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 mplies that the \n-0003cd10: 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2069 7320 7772 value that is wr\n-0003cd20: 6974 7465 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 itten only. \n-0003cd30: 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 applies to the p\n-0003cd40: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f articular cpu/co\n-0003cd50: 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 re/thread that r\n-0003cd60: 756e 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642e uns the command.\n-0003cd70: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2069 6620 .. Also, if \n-0003cd80: 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 7265 you specify a re\n-0003cd90: 7365 7276 6564 206f 7220 756e 696d 706c served or unimpl\n-0003cda0: 656d 656e 7465 6420 4d53 5220 6164 6472 emented MSR addr\n-0003cdb0: 6573 732c 2069 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c ess, it. wil\n-0003cdc0: 6c20 6361 7573 6520 6120 6765 6e65 7261 l cause a genera\n-0003cdd0: 6c20 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 l protection exc\n-0003cde0: 6570 7469 6f6e 2028 7768 6963 6820 6973 eption (which is\n-0003cdf0: 206e 6f74 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a20 not currently. \n-0003ce00: 2020 2020 6265 696e 6720 6861 6e64 6c65 being handle\n-0003ce10: 6429 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 d) and the syste\n-0003ce20: 6d20 7769 6c6c 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 0a0a m will reboot...\n-0003ce30: 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 Note: The c\n-0003ce40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c ommand is not al\n-0003ce50: 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 lowed when lockd\n-0003ce60: 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 own is enforced \n-0003ce70: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b (*note. Lock\n-0003ce80: 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 down::). This i\n-0003ce90: 7320 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 7072 6576 656e s done to preven\n-0003cea0: 7420 7375 6276 6572 7469 6e67 2076 6172 t subverting var\n-0003ceb0: 696f 7573 2073 6563 7572 6974 790a 2020 ious security. \n-0003cec0: 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 732e 0a0a mechanisms...\n-0003ced0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003cee0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 o, Node: Networ\n-0003cef0: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 king commands, \n-0003cf00: 4e65 7874 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 Next: Undocument\n-0003cf10: 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 ed commands, Pr\n-0003cf20: 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ev: Command-line\n-0003cf30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 commands, Up: \n-0003cf40: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 204e Commands..17.5 N\n-0003cf50: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0003cf60: 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ds.=============\n-0003cf70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a2a 204d ===========..* M\n-0003cf80: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f enu:..* net_add_\n-0003cf90: 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 addr:: \n-0003cfa0: 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 6120 6e65 7477 Add a netw\n-0003cfb0: 6f72 6b20 6164 6472 6573 730a 2a20 6e65 ork address.* ne\n-0003cfc0: 745f 6164 645f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 t_add_dns:: \n-0003cfd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 Add \n-0003cfe0: 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 0a2a 206e a DNS server.* n\n-0003cff0: 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 2020 et_add_route:: \n-0003d000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 Add\n-0003d010: 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a routing entry.*\n-0003d020: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a3a 2020 2020 net_bootp:: \n-0003d030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 P\n-0003d040: 6572 666f 726d 2061 2062 6f6f 7470 2f44 erform a bootp/D\n-0003d050: 4843 5020 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 HCP autoconfigur\n-0003d060: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f ation.* net_del_\n-0003d070: 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 addr:: \n-0003d080: 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2049 5020 Remove IP \n-0003d090: 6164 6472 6573 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 6e74 address from int\n-0003d0a0: 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c erface.* net_del\n-0003d0b0: 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _dns:: \n-0003d0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 Remove a \n-0003d0d0: 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 DNS server.* net\n-0003d0e0: 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 _del_route:: \n-0003d0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 Remov\n-0003d100: 6520 6120 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 790a e a route entry.\n-0003d110: 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a 2020 2020 * net_dhcp:: \n-0003d120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d130: 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 4448 4350 2061 Perform a DHCP a\n-0003d140: 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e utoconfiguration\n-0003d150: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f .* net_get_dhcp_\n-0003d160: 6f70 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 option:: \n-0003d170: 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 4448 4350 206f Retrieve DHCP o\n-0003d180: 7074 696f 6e73 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 ptions.* net_ipv\n-0003d190: 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 3a3a 2020 2020 6_autoconf:: \n-0003d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 Perform I\n-0003d1b0: 5076 3620 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Pv6 autoconfigur\n-0003d1c0: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 ation.* net_ls_a\n-0003d1d0: 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ddr:: \n-0003d1e0: 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2069 6e74 6572 List inter\n-0003d1f0: 6661 6365 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 faces.* net_ls_c\n-0003d200: 6172 6473 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ards:: \n-0003d210: 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206e 6574 776f List netwo\n-0003d220: 726b 2063 6172 6473 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c rk cards.* net_l\n-0003d230: 735f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 s_dns:: \n-0003d240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 444e List DN\n-0003d250: 5320 7365 7276 6572 730a 2a20 6e65 745f S servers.* net_\n-0003d260: 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 733a 3a20 2020 2020 ls_routes:: \n-0003d270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 List r\n-0003d280: 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a outing entries.*\n-0003d290: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 703a 3a20 net_nslookup:: \n-0003d2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 P\n-0003d2b0: 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 4e53 206c 6f6f erform a DNS loo\n-0003d2c0: 6b75 700a 2a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c kup.* net_set_vl\n-0003d2d0: 616e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 an:: \n-0003d2e0: 2020 2020 5365 7420 766c 616e 2069 6420 Set vlan id \n-0003d2f0: 6f6e 2061 6e20 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a on an interface.\n-0003d300: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003d310: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 fo, Node: net_a\n-0003d320: 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 dd_addr, Next: \n-0003d330: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 5570 net_add_dns, Up\n-0003d340: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-0003d350: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3120 6e65 mands..17.5.1 ne\n-0003d360: 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d t_add_addr.-----\n-0003d370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0003d380: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n-0003d390: 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 7220 494e 5445 5246 _add_addr INTERF\n-0003d3a0: 4143 4520 4341 5244 2041 4444 5245 5353 ACE CARD ADDRESS\n-0003d3b0: 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 . Configure \n-0003d3c0: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206e 6574 776f additional netwo\n-0003d3d0: 726b 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2077 6974 rk INTERFACE wit\n-0003d3e0: 6820 4144 4452 4553 5320 6f6e 2061 206e h ADDRESS on a n\n-0003d3f0: 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 4341 5244 etwork. CARD\n-0003d400: 2e20 2041 4444 5245 5353 2063 616e 2062 . ADDRESS can b\n-0003d410: 6520 6569 7468 6572 2049 5020 696e 2064 e either IP in d\n-0003d420: 6f74 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6e6f otted decimal no\n-0003d430: 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 tation, or. \n-0003d440: 7379 6d62 6f6c 6963 206e 616d 6520 7768 symbolic name wh\n-0003d450: 6963 6820 6973 2072 6573 6f6c 7665 6420 ich is resolved \n-0003d460: 7573 696e 6720 444e 5320 6c6f 6f6b 7570 using DNS lookup\n-0003d470: 2e20 2049 6620 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c . If successful\n-0003d480: 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d ,. this comm\n-0003d490: 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6464 7320 6c6f and also adds lo\n-0003d4a0: 6361 6c20 6c69 6e6b 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 cal link routing\n-0003d4b0: 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 entry to the de\n-0003d4c0: 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 2073 7562 6e65 fault. subne\n-0003d4d0: 7420 6f66 2041 4444 5245 5353 2077 6974 t of ADDRESS wit\n-0003d4e0: 6820 6e61 6d65 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 h name INTERFACE\n-0003d4f0: e280 983a 6c6f 6361 6ce2 8099 2076 6961 ...:local... via\n-0003d500: 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 INTERFACE.....F\n-0003d510: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003d520: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 Node: net_add_d\n-0003d530: 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f61 ns, Next: net_a\n-0003d540: 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a dd_route, Prev:\n-0003d550: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 net_add_addr, \n-0003d560: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n-0003d570: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3220 ommands..17.5.2 \n-0003d580: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d net_add_dns.----\n-0003d590: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0003d5a0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n-0003d5b0: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2053 4552 5645 520a _add_dns SERVER.\n-0003d5c0: 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 2053 4552 Resolve SER\n-0003d5d0: 5645 5220 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 VER IP address a\n-0003d5e0: 6e64 2061 6464 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 nd add to the li\n-0003d5f0: 7374 206f 6620 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 st of DNS server\n-0003d600: 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 s used. duri\n-0003d610: 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a ng name lookup..\n-0003d620: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003d630: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 fo, Node: net_a\n-0003d640: 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a dd_route, Next:\n-0003d650: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 2050 7265 net_bootp, Pre\n-0003d660: 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 v: net_add_dns, \n-0003d670: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n-0003d680: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e33 commands..17.5.3\n-0003d690: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 0a2d net_add_route.-\n-0003d6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003d6b0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003d6c0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 6520 : net_add_route \n-0003d6d0: 5348 4f52 544e 414d 4520 4950 5b2f 5052 SHORTNAME IP[/PR\n-0003d6e0: 4546 4958 5d20 5b49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 EFIX] [INTERFACE\n-0003d6f0: 207c 2067 770a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 | gw. \n-0003d700: 4741 5445 5741 595d 0a20 2020 2020 4164 GATEWAY]. Ad\n-0003d710: 6420 726f 7574 6520 746f 206e 6574 776f d route to netwo\n-0003d720: 726b 2077 6974 6820 6164 6472 6573 7320 rk with address \n-0003d730: 4950 2061 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 2062 IP as modified b\n-0003d740: 7920 5052 4546 4958 2076 6961 0a20 2020 y PREFIX via. \n-0003d750: 2020 6569 7468 6572 206c 6f63 616c 2049 either local I\n-0003d760: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 206f 7220 4741 5445 NTERFACE or GATE\n-0003d770: 5741 592e 2020 5052 4546 4958 2069 7320 WAY. PREFIX is \n-0003d780: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 2064 6566 optional and def\n-0003d790: 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 3332 aults. to 32\n-0003d7a0: 2066 6f72 2049 5076 3420 6164 6472 6573 for IPv4 addres\n-0003d7b0: 7320 616e 6420 3132 3820 666f 7220 4950 s and 128 for IP\n-0003d7c0: 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6f75 v6 address. Rou\n-0003d7d0: 7465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 te is. ident\n-0003d7e0: 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 ified by SHORTNA\n-0003d7f0: 4d45 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 ME which can be \n-0003d800: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f 7665 2069 used to remove i\n-0003d810: 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 t (*note. ne\n-0003d820: 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 3a29 2e0a t_del_route::)..\n-0003d830: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003d840: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f62 fo, Node: net_b\n-0003d850: 6f6f 7470 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 ootp, Next: net\n-0003d860: 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5072 6576 _del_addr, Prev\n-0003d870: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c : net_add_route,\n-0003d880: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n-0003d890: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n-0003d8a0: 3420 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 700a 2d2d 2d2d 4 net_bootp.----\n-0003d8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003d8c0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f62 - Command: net_b\n-0003d8d0: 6f6f 7470 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 ootp [CARD]. \n-0003d8e0: 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 206e 6574 5f64 Alias for net_d\n-0003d8f0: 6863 702c 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 hcp, for compati\n-0003d900: 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 bility with olde\n-0003d910: 7220 4772 7562 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 732e r Grub versions.\n-0003d920: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 6c6c 2070 6572 666f . Will perfo\n-0003d930: 726d 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 4448 4350 rm the same DHCP\n-0003d940: 2068 616e 6473 6861 6b65 2077 6974 6820 handshake with \n-0003d950: 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 potential fallba\n-0003d960: 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2042 4f4f 5450 ck to. BOOTP\n-0003d970: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e65 745f 6468 6370 as the net_dhcp\n-0003d980: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n-0003d990: 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a net_dhcp::).....\n-0003d9a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003d9b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f Node: net_del_\n-0003d9c0: 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 addr, Next: net\n-0003d9d0: 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a _del_dns, Prev:\n-0003d9e0: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 2055 703a net_bootp, Up:\n-0003d9f0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-0003da00: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e35 206e 6574 ands..17.5.5 net\n-0003da10: 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _del_addr.------\n-0003da20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003da30: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n-0003da40: 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2049 4e54 4552 4641 del_addr INTERFA\n-0003da50: 4345 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2063 CE. Remove c\n-0003da60: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 494e 5445 5246 onfigured INTERF\n-0003da70: 4143 4520 7769 7468 2061 7373 6f63 6961 ACE with associa\n-0003da80: 7465 6420 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a ted address.....\n-0003da90: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003daa0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f Node: net_del_\n-0003dab0: 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f dns, Next: net_\n-0003dac0: 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5072 6576 del_route, Prev\n-0003dad0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 : net_del_addr, \n-0003dae0: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n-0003daf0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e36 commands..17.5.6\n-0003db00: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d net_del_dns.---\n-0003db10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0003db20: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n-0003db30: 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 7320 4144 4452 4553 t_del_dns ADDRES\n-0003db40: 530a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 4144 S. Remove AD\n-0003db50: 4452 4553 5320 6672 6f6d 206c 6973 7420 DRESS from list \n-0003db60: 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 6420 of servers used \n-0003db70: 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b during name look\n-0003db80: 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 up.....File: gru\n-0003db90: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-0003dba0: 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 204e et_del_route, N\n-0003dbb0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 ext: net_dhcp, \n-0003dbc0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e Prev: net_del_dn\n-0003dbd0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 s, Up: Networki\n-0003dbe0: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n-0003dbf0: 352e 3720 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 5.7 net_del_rout\n-0003dc00: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n-0003dc10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003dc20: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 and: net_del_rou\n-0003dc30: 7465 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 0a20 2020 te SHORTNAME. \n-0003dc40: 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2072 6f75 7465 2065 Remove route e\n-0003dc50: 6e74 7279 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 ntry identified \n-0003dc60: 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2e0a 0a1f by SHORTNAME....\n-0003dc70: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003dc80: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 , Node: net_dhc\n-0003dc90: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 p, Next: net_ge\n-0003dca0: 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 t_dhcp_option, \n-0003dcb0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f Prev: net_del_ro\n-0003dcc0: 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 ute, Up: Networ\n-0003dcd0: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n-0003dce0: 372e 352e 3820 6e65 745f 6468 6370 0a2d 7.5.8 net_dhcp.-\n-0003dcf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0003dd00: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n-0003dd10: 5f64 6863 7020 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 _dhcp [CARD]. \n-0003dd20: 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 636f 6e66 6967 Perform config\n-0003dd30: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2043 4152 4420 uration of CARD \n-0003dd40: 7573 696e 6720 4448 4350 2070 726f 746f using DHCP proto\n-0003dd50: 636f 6c2e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 col. If no card\n-0003dd60: 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2069 7320 7370 name. is sp\n-0003dd70: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 ecified, try to \n-0003dd80: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 616c 6c20 6578 configure all ex\n-0003dd90: 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 6473 2e20 2046 isting cards. F\n-0003dda0: 616c 6c73 2062 6163 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 alls back to. \n-0003ddb0: 2020 7468 6520 424f 4f54 5020 7072 6f74 the BOOTP prot\n-0003ddc0: 6f63 6f6c 2c20 6966 206e 6565 6465 642e ocol, if needed.\n-0003ddd0: 2020 4966 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 If configurati\n-0003dde0: 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 on was successfu\n-0003ddf0: 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7266 6163 l,. interfac\n-0003de00: 6520 7769 7468 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e with name CARD\n-0003de10: e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 9920 616e 6420 ...:dhcp... and \n-0003de20: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2061 6464 7265 configured addre\n-0003de30: 7373 2069 7320 6164 6465 6420 746f 0a20 ss is added to. \n-0003de40: 2020 2020 4341 5244 2e20 2041 6464 6974 CARD. Addit\n-0003de50: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7468 6520 666f 6c6c ionally the foll\n-0003de60: 6f77 696e 6720 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f owing DHCP optio\n-0003de70: 6e73 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 ns are recognize\n-0003de80: 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6365 d and. proce\n-0003de90: 7373 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 ssed:.. ...1\n-0003dea0: 2028 5375 626e 6574 204d 6173 6b29 e280 (Subnet Mask)..\n-0003deb0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 6564 .. Used\n-0003dec0: 2074 6f20 6361 6c63 756c 6174 6520 6e65 to calculate ne\n-0003ded0: 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 726f 7574 twork local rout\n-0003dee0: 696e 6720 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 696e ing entry for in\n-0003def0: 7465 7266 6163 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 terface. \n-0003df00: 2020 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 CARD...:dhcp..\n-0003df10: 992e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9833 2028 526f ... ...3 (Ro\n-0003df20: 7574 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 uter).... \n-0003df30: 2020 2041 6464 7320 6465 6661 756c 7420 Adds default \n-0003df40: 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 7920 7769 7468 route entry with\n-0003df50: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 the name CARD..\n-0003df60: 983a 6468 6370 3a64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 .:dhcp:default..\n-0003df70: 9920 7669 610a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . via. \n-0003df80: 6761 7465 7761 7920 6672 6f6d 2044 4843 gateway from DHC\n-0003df90: 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 P option. Note \n-0003dfa0: 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e that only option\n-0003dfb0: 2077 6974 6820 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 with single. \n-0003dfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2072 6f75 7465 2069 7320 route is \n-0003dfd0: 6163 6365 7074 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 accepted.. .\n-0003dfe0: 8098 3620 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 ..6 (Domain Name\n-0003dff0: 2053 6572 7665 7229 e280 990a 2020 2020 Server).... \n-0003e000: 2020 2020 2020 4164 6473 2061 6c6c 2073 Adds all s\n-0003e010: 6572 7665 7273 2066 726f 6d20 6f70 7469 ervers from opti\n-0003e020: 6f6e 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6520 on value to the \n-0003e030: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 7320 list of servers \n-0003e040: 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 used. d\n-0003e050: 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 2072 6573 6f6c uring name resol\n-0003e060: 7574 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 ution.. ...1\n-0003e070: 3220 2848 6f73 7420 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 2 (Host Name)...\n-0003e080: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 . Sets \n-0003e090: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-0003e0a0: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c able ...net_...<\n-0003e0b0: 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f 686f CARD>..._dhcp_ho\n-0003e0c0: 7374 6e61 6d65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 stname... (*note\n-0003e0d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c . net_<\n-0003e0e0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 746e INTERFACE>_hostn\n-0003e0f0: 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 ame::) to the va\n-0003e100: 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 lue of option.. \n-0003e110: 2020 2020 e280 9831 3520 2844 6f6d 6169 ...15 (Domai\n-0003e120: 6e20 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 n Name).... \n-0003e130: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f Sets enviro\n-0003e140: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n-0003e150: 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 ..net_....\n-0003e160: 8098 5f64 6863 705f 646f 6d61 696e e280 .._dhcp_domain..\n-0003e170: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 . (*note. \n-0003e180: 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 net__domain::) to \n-0003e1a0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 the value of opt\n-0003e1b0: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3720 ion.. ...17 \n-0003e1c0: 2852 6f6f 7420 5061 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 (Root Path).... \n-0003e1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e Sets en\n-0003e1e0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0003e1f0: 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 le ...net_......_dhcp_root\n-0003e210: 7061 7468 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 path... (*note. \n-0003e220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e net__rootpat\n-0003e240: 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 h::) to the valu\n-0003e250: 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e of option.. \n-0003e260: 2020 e280 9831 3820 2845 7874 656e 7369 ...18 (Extensi\n-0003e270: 6f6e 7320 5061 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 ons Path).... \n-0003e280: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 Sets envi\n-0003e290: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-0003e2a0: 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 ...net_......_dhcp_extens\n-0003e2c0: 696f 6e73 7061 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 ionspath.... \n-0003e2d0: 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 (*note net\n-0003e2e0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 __ext\n-0003e2f0: 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 683a 3a29 2074 ensionspath::) t\n-0003e300: 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 o the value of. \n-0003e310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e2e option.\n-0003e320: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 3620 2854 4654 . ...66 (TFT\n-0003e330: 5020 5365 7276 6572 204e 616d 6529 e280 P Server Name)..\n-0003e340: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 .. Sets\n-0003e350: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0003e360: 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 iable ...net_...\n-0003e370: 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 6468 6370 5f73 ..._dhcp_s\n-0003e380: 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 erver_name.... \n-0003e390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 206e (*note n\n-0003e3a0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n-0003e3b0: 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 653a hcp_server_name:\n-0003e3c0: 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 :) to the value \n-0003e3d0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 7074 of. opt\n-0003e3e0: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 3720 ion.. ...67 \n-0003e3f0: 2846 696c 656e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 (Filename).... \n-0003e400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 Sets env\n-0003e410: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0003e420: 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 e ...net_......_boot_file.\n-0003e440: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 .. (*note. \n-0003e450: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 net__boot_file::)\n-0003e470: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 to the value of\n-0003e480: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 option.....File\n-0003e490: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003e4a0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 de: net_get_dhcp\n-0003e4b0: 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 _option, Next: \n-0003e4c0: 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e net_ipv6_autocon\n-0003e4d0: 662c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 f, Prev: net_dh\n-0003e4e0: 6370 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b cp, Up: Network\n-0003e4f0: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n-0003e500: 2e35 2e39 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 .5.9 net_get_dhc\n-0003e510: 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p_option.-------\n+00039c20: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6566 740a 2020 2020 Left. \n+00039c30: 2072 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 right \n+00039c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n+00039c50: 6967 6874 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 7320 7765 ight.. As we\n+00039c60: 6c6c 2061 7320 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 ll as keystrokes\n+00039c70: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 , the ...sendkey\n+00039c80: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7461 6b65 ... command take\n+00039c90: 7320 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e s various option\n+00039ca0: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 6166 6665 s. that affe\n+00039cb0: 6374 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 ct the BIOS keyb\n+00039cc0: 6f61 7264 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 oard status flag\n+00039cd0: 732e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e s. These option\n+00039ce0: 7320 7461 6b65 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 s take an. .\n+00039cf0: 8098 6f6e e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6f66 ..on... or ...of\n+00039d00: 66e2 8099 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 f... parameter, \n+00039d10: 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6861 7420 specifying that \n+00039d20: 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e the correspondin\n+00039d30: 6720 7374 6174 7573 0a20 2020 2020 666c g status. fl\n+00039d40: 6167 2062 6520 7365 7420 6f72 2075 6e73 ag be set or uns\n+00039d50: 6574 3b20 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 et; omitting the\n+00039d60: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6120 6769 option for a gi\n+00039d70: 7665 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 670a ven status flag.\n+00039d80: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6c65 6176 6520 will leave \n+00039d90: 7468 6174 2066 6c61 6720 6174 2069 7473 that flag at its\n+00039da0: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2073 7461 7465 2061 initial state a\n+00039db0: 7420 626f 6f74 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 t boot. The ...\n+00039dc0: 2d2d 6e75 6de2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 --num...,. .\n+00039dd0: 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ..--caps..., ...\n+00039de0: 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c e280 992c 2061 6e64 --scroll..., and\n+00039df0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 e280 9920 ...--insert... \n+00039e00: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 options emulate \n+00039e10: 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 setting the. \n+00039e20: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 206d corresponding m\n+00039e30: 6f64 652c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 20e2 ode, while the .\n+00039e40: 8098 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 e280 992c 20e2 ..--numkey..., .\n+00039e50: 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 6b65 79e2 8099 2c0a ..--capskey...,.\n+00039e60: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c ...--scroll\n+00039e70: 6b65 79e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d key..., and ...-\n+00039e80: 2d69 6e73 6572 746b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 -insertkey... op\n+00039e90: 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 7072 tions emulate pr\n+00039ea0: 6573 7369 6e67 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 essing and. \n+00039eb0: 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 7272 holding the corr\n+00039ec0: 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 6b65 792e 2020 esponding key. \n+00039ed0: 5468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 7374 6174 7573 The other status\n+00039ee0: 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 flag options ar\n+00039ef0: 650a 2020 2020 2073 656c 662d 6578 706c e. self-expl\n+00039f00: 616e 6174 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 anatory... I\n+00039f10: 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6c65 f the ...--no-le\n+00039f20: 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 d... option is g\n+00039f30: 6976 656e 2c20 7468 6520 7374 6174 7573 iven, the status\n+00039f40: 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 flag options wi\n+00039f50: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6861 7665 206e 6f20 ll. have no \n+00039f60: 6566 6665 6374 206f 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 effect on keyboa\n+00039f70: 7264 204c 4544 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 rd LEDs... I\n+00039f80: 6620 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 f the ...sendkey\n+00039f90: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2067 ... command is g\n+00039fa0: 6976 656e 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7469 iven multiple ti\n+00039fb0: 6d65 732c 2074 6865 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2074 mes, then only t\n+00039fc0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7374 2069 6e76 he. last inv\n+00039fd0: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6861 7320 616e 7920 ocation has any \n+00039fe0: 6566 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5369 effect... Si\n+00039ff0: 6e63 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 nce ...sendkey..\n+0003a000: 9920 6d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 7320 7468 . manipulates th\n+0003a010: 6520 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 e BIOS keyboard \n+0003a020: 6275 6666 6572 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2063 buffer, it may c\n+0003a030: 6175 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 732c ause. hangs,\n+0003a040: 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 reboots, or oth\n+0003a050: 6572 206d 6973 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 er misbehaviour \n+0003a060: 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e on some systems.\n+0003a070: 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 If the. op\n+0003a080: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f erating system o\n+0003a090: 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 r boot loader th\n+0003a0a0: 6174 2072 756e 7320 6166 7465 7220 4752 at runs after GR\n+0003a0b0: 5542 2075 7365 7320 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a UB uses its own.\n+0003a0c0: 2020 2020 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6472 keyboard dr\n+0003a0d0: 6976 6572 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e iver rather than\n+0003a0e0: 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 the BIOS keyboa\n+0003a0f0: 7264 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 rd functions, th\n+0003a100: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 656e 646b en. ...sendk\n+0003a110: 6579 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 ey... will have \n+0003a120: 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 no effect... \n+0003a130: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n+0003a140: 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 only available \n+0003a150: 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 on PC BIOS syste\n+0003a160: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n+0003a170: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n+0003a180: 6574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3173 et, Next: sha1s\n+0003a190: 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 656e 646b um, Prev: sendk\n+0003a1a0: 6579 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ey, Up: Command\n+0003a1b0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0003a1c0: 3137 2e34 2e36 3720 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 17.4.67 set.----\n+0003a1d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003a1e0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 7420 5b65 6e76 7661 mand: set [envva\n+0003a1f0: 723d 7661 6c75 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5365 r=value]. Se\n+0003a200: 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e t the environmen\n+0003a210: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 t variable ENVVA\n+0003a220: 5220 746f 2056 414c 5545 2e20 2049 6620 R to VALUE. If \n+0003a230: 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f0a invoked with no.\n+0003a240: 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 arguments, \n+0003a250: 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 656e 7669 726f print all enviro\n+0003a260: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 nment variables \n+0003a270: 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 2076 616c 7565 with their value\n+0003a280: 732e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 s. For. the\n+0003a290: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e list of environ\n+0003a2a0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2063 ment variables c\n+0003a2b0: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6279 urrently used by\n+0003a2c0: 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2073 6565 GRUB itself see\n+0003a2d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7265 6c65 7661 . the releva\n+0003a2e0: 6e74 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 202a 6e6f 7465 nt section *note\n+0003a2f0: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 2e0a Environment::..\n+0003a300: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003a310: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3173 fo, Node: sha1s\n+0003a320: 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3235 um, Next: sha25\n+0003a330: 3673 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6574 6sum, Prev: set\n+0003a340: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0003a350: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0003a360: 2e34 2e36 3820 7368 6131 7375 6d0a 2d2d .4.68 sha1sum.--\n+0003a370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003a380: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6131 -- Command: sha1\n+0003a390: 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 sum arg .... \n+0003a3a0: 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 Alias for ...ha\n+0003a3b0: 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 shsum --hash sha\n+0003a3c0: 3120 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 1 arg ....... S\n+0003a3d0: 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 ee command ...ha\n+0003a3e0: 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a shsum.... (*\n+0003a3f0: 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 note hashsum::) \n+0003a400: 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 for full descrip\n+0003a410: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+0003a420: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003a430: 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 204e 6578 sha256sum, Nex\n+0003a440: 743a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2050 t: sha512sum, P\n+0003a450: 7265 763a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2055 rev: sha1sum, U\n+0003a460: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0003a470: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 commands..17.4.6\n+0003a480: 3920 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 9 sha256sum.----\n+0003a490: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003a4a0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6132 -- Command: sha2\n+0003a4b0: 3536 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 56sum arg .... \n+0003a4c0: 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 Alias for ...\n+0003a4d0: 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 hashsum --hash s\n+0003a4e0: 6861 3235 3620 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 ha256 arg ......\n+0003a4f0: 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 . See command .\n+0003a500: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 ..hashsum.... \n+0003a510: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d (*note hashsum\n+0003a520: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 ::) for full des\n+0003a530: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c cription.....Fil\n+0003a540: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003a550: 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 ode: sha512sum, \n+0003a560: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 2050 Next: sleep, P\n+0003a570: 7265 763a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 rev: sha256sum, \n+0003a580: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0003a590: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0003a5a0: 2e37 3020 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d0a 2d2d .70 sha512sum.--\n+0003a5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003a5c0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 . -- Command: sh\n+0003a5d0: 6135 3132 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a a512sum arg ....\n+0003a5e0: 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 Alias for .\n+0003a5f0: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 ..hashsum --hash\n+0003a600: 2073 6861 3531 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 sha512 arg ....\n+0003a610: 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ... See command\n+0003a620: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 ...hashsum.... \n+0003a630: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 (*note hashs\n+0003a640: 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 um::) for full d\n+0003a650: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 escription.....F\n+0003a660: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003a670: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 204e Node: sleep, N\n+0003a680: 6578 743a 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5072 ext: smbios, Pr\n+0003a690: 6576 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 ev: sha512sum, \n+0003a6a0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0003a6b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0003a6c0: 3731 2073 6c65 6570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 71 sleep.-------\n+0003a6d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0003a6e0: 616e 643a 2073 6c65 6570 205b 2d2d 7665 and: sleep [--ve\n+0003a6f0: 7262 6f73 655d 205b 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 rbose] [--interr\n+0003a700: 7570 7469 626c 655d 2063 6f75 6e74 0a20 uptible] count. \n+0003a710: 2020 2020 536c 6565 7020 666f 7220 434f Sleep for CO\n+0003a720: 554e 5420 7365 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4966 UNT seconds. If\n+0003a730: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d69 6e74 option ...--int\n+0003a740: 6572 7275 7074 6962 6c65 e280 9920 6973 erruptible... is\n+0003a750: 2067 6976 656e 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c given,. all\n+0003a760: 6f77 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c45 5343 ow pressing , or holdi\n+0003a780: 6e67 2064 6f77 6e20 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 ng down \n+0003a790: 746f 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 0a20 2020 to interrupt. \n+0003a7a0: 2020 736c 6565 702e 2020 5769 7468 20e2 sleep. With .\n+0003a7b0: 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 2073 ..--verbose... s\n+0003a7c0: 686f 7720 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 6f66 how countdown of\n+0003a7d0: 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 6563 6f6e remaining secon\n+0003a7e0: 6473 2e20 2045 7869 740a 2020 2020 2063 ds. Exit. c\n+0003a7f0: 6f64 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 ode is set to 0 \n+0003a800: 6966 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 if timeout expir\n+0003a810: 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 3120 6966 2074 ed and to 1 if t\n+0003a820: 696d 656f 7574 2077 6173 0a20 2020 2020 imeout was. \n+0003a830: 696e 7465 7272 7570 7465 6420 7573 696e interrupted usin\n+0003a840: 6720 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e g any of the men\n+0003a850: 7469 6f6e 6564 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a tioned keys.....\n+0003a860: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003a870: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 Node: smbios, \n+0003a880: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 Next: source, \n+0003a890: 5072 6576 3a20 736c 6565 702c 2020 5570 Prev: sleep, Up\n+0003a8a0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0003a8b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3732 ommands..17.4.72\n+0003a8c0: 2073 6d62 696f 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d smbios.--------\n+0003a8d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0003a8e0: 616e 643a 2073 6d62 696f 7320 5b2d 2d74 and: smbios [--t\n+0003a8f0: 7970 6520 5459 5045 5d20 5b2d 2d68 616e ype TYPE] [--han\n+0003a900: 646c 6520 4841 4e44 4c45 5d20 5b2d 2d6d dle HANDLE] [--m\n+0003a910: 6174 6368 204d 4154 4348 5d0a 2020 2020 atch MATCH]. \n+0003a920: 2020 2020 2020 282d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 (--get-byt\n+0003a930: 6520 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 207c e | --get-word |\n+0003a940: 202d 2d67 6574 2d64 776f 7264 207c 202d --get-dword | -\n+0003a950: 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 207c 0a20 2020 -get-qword |. \n+0003a960: 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 --get-str\n+0003a970: 696e 6720 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 6964 ing | --get-uuid\n+0003a980: 2920 4f46 4653 4554 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 ) OFFSET [--set \n+0003a990: 5641 5249 4142 4c45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 VARIABLE]. R\n+0003a9a0: 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 etrieve SMBIOS i\n+0003a9b0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 nformation... \n+0003a9c0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6d62 696f 73e2 The ...smbios.\n+0003a9d0: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 .. command retur\n+0003a9e0: 6e73 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 ns the value of \n+0003a9f0: 6120 6669 656c 6420 696e 2061 6e20 534d a field in an SM\n+0003aa00: 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 BIOS. struct\n+0003aa10: 7572 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ure. The follow\n+0003aa20: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 ing options dete\n+0003aa30: 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 7374 7275 rmine which stru\n+0003aa40: 6374 7572 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 cture to. se\n+0003aa50: 6c65 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 lect... .\n+0003aa60: 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 .. Specifying ..\n+0003aa70: 982d 2d74 7970 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 .--type... will \n+0003aa80: 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 select structure\n+0003aa90: 7320 7769 7468 2061 206d 6174 6368 696e s with a matchin\n+0003aaa0: 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5459 5045 g. TYPE\n+0003aab0: 2e20 2054 6865 2074 7970 6520 6361 6e20 . The type can \n+0003aac0: 6265 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2066 be any integer f\n+0003aad0: 726f 6d20 3020 746f 2032 3535 2e0a 2020 rom 0 to 255.. \n+0003aae0: 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 6966 ... Specif\n+0003aaf0: 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 ying ...--handle\n+0003ab00: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 ... will select \n+0003ab10: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 structures with \n+0003ab20: 6120 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 a matching. \n+0003ab30: 2020 2020 2048 414e 444c 452e 2020 5468 HANDLE. Th\n+0003ab40: 6520 6861 6e64 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 e handle can be \n+0003ab50: 616e 7920 696e 7465 6765 7220 6672 6f6d any integer from\n+0003ab60: 2030 2074 6f20 3635 3533 352e 0a20 2020 0 to 65535.. \n+0003ab70: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 ... Specify\n+0003ab80: 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d6d 6174 6368 e280 ing ...--match..\n+0003ab90: 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 . will select st\n+0003aba0: 7275 6374 7572 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 204d ructure number M\n+0003abb0: 4154 4348 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ATCH in the. \n+0003abc0: 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206c filtered l\n+0003abd0: 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 ist of structure\n+0003abe0: 733b 2065 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 736d 6269 s; e.g. ...smbi\n+0003abf0: 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 6520 3420 2d2d 6d61 os --type 4 --ma\n+0003ac00: 7463 6820 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tch 2.... \n+0003ac10: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 will select t\n+0003ac20: 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 5072 6f63 6573 he second Proces\n+0003ac30: 7320 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 2854 s Information (T\n+0003ac40: 7970 6520 3429 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 ype 4) structure\n+0003ac50: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 .. The \n+0003ac60: 6c69 7374 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 206f list is always o\n+0003ac70: 7264 6572 6564 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 rdered the same \n+0003ac80: 6173 2074 6865 2068 6172 6477 6172 6527 as the hardware'\n+0003ac90: 7320 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 2020 s SMBIOS. \n+0003aca0: 2020 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 206d table. The m\n+0003acb0: 6174 6368 206e 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 atch number must\n+0003acc0: 2062 6520 6120 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 be a positive i\n+0003acd0: 6e74 6567 6572 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 nteger. If. \n+0003ace0: 2020 2020 2020 756e 7370 6563 6966 6965 unspecifie\n+0003acf0: 642c 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206d 6174 d, the first mat\n+0003ad00: 6368 696e 6720 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 ching structure \n+0003ad10: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 will be selected\n+0003ad20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 ... The rema\n+0003ad30: 696e 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 ining options de\n+0003ad40: 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 6669 termine which fi\n+0003ad50: 656c 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 eld in the selec\n+0003ad60: 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 ted SMBIOS. \n+0003ad70: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 746f 2072 6574 structure to ret\n+0003ad80: 7572 6e2e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206f urn. Only one o\n+0003ad90: 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 f these options \n+0003ada0: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 may be specified\n+0003adb0: 2061 740a 2020 2020 2061 2074 696d 652e at. a time.\n+0003adc0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 .. ... Wh\n+0003add0: 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 en given ...--ge\n+0003ade0: 742d 6279 7465 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 t-byte..., retur\n+0003adf0: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 n the value of t\n+0003ae00: 6865 2062 7974 6520 6174 0a20 2020 2020 he byte at. \n+0003ae10: 2020 2020 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 OFFSET byte\n+0003ae20: 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 s into the selec\n+0003ae30: 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 ted SMBIOS struc\n+0003ae40: 7475 7265 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 ture. It will b\n+0003ae50: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d e. form\n+0003ae60: 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 atted as an unsi\n+0003ae70: 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 gned decimal int\n+0003ae80: 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 eger.. ..\n+0003ae90: a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 . When given ...\n+0003aea0: 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 --get-word..., r\n+0003aeb0: 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 eturn the value \n+0003aec0: 6f66 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2874 776f of the word (two\n+0003aed0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 . bytes\n+0003aee0: 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 ) at OFFSET byte\n+0003aef0: 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 s into the selec\n+0003af00: 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 ted SMBIOS struc\n+0003af10: 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 ture. It. \n+0003af20: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d will be form\n+0003af30: 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 atted as an unsi\n+0003af40: 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 gned decimal int\n+0003af50: 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 eger.. ..\n+0003af60: a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 . When given ...\n+0003af70: 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 --get-dword..., \n+0003af80: 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 return the value\n+0003af90: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6477 6f72 6420 2866 of the dword (f\n+0003afa0: 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 our. by\n+0003afb0: 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 tes) at OFFSET b\n+0003afc0: 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 ytes into the se\n+0003afd0: 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 lected SMBIOS st\n+0003afe0: 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 ructure. It. \n+0003aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 will be f\n+0003b000: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 ormatted as an u\n+0003b010: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 nsigned decimal \n+0003b020: 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 integer.. \n+0003b030: 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 ... When given \n+0003b040: e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 e280 ...--get-qword..\n+0003b050: 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 ., return the va\n+0003b060: 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2071 776f 7264 lue of the qword\n+0003b070: 2028 6569 6768 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 (eight. \n+0003b080: 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 bytes) at OFFS\n+0003b090: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n+0003b0a0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n+0003b0b0: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 S structure. It\n+0003b0c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 . will \n+0003b0d0: 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 be formatted as \n+0003b0e0: 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 an unsigned deci\n+0003b0f0: 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 mal integer.. \n+0003b100: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 ... When gi\n+0003b110: 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 ven ...--get-str\n+0003b120: 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 ing..., return t\n+0003b130: 6865 2073 7472 696e 6720 7769 7468 2069 he string with i\n+0003b140: 7473 2069 6e64 6578 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ts index. \n+0003b150: 2020 2066 6f75 6e64 2061 7420 4f46 4653 found at OFFS\n+0003b160: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n+0003b170: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n+0003b180: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 S structure.. \n+0003b190: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 ... When gi\n+0003b1a0: 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d75 7569 ven ...--get-uui\n+0003b1b0: 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 d..., return the\n+0003b1c0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 5555 value of the UU\n+0003b1d0: 4944 2028 7369 7874 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 ID (sixteen. \n+0003b1e0: 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 bytes) at \n+0003b1f0: 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 OFFSET bytes int\n+0003b200: 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 o the selected S\n+0003b210: 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e MBIOS structure.\n+0003b220: 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 It. w\n+0003b230: 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 ill be formatted\n+0003b240: 2061 7320 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 7365 2068 as lower-case h\n+0003b250: 7970 6865 6e61 7465 6420 6865 7861 6465 yphenated hexade\n+0003b260: 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 2c0a 2020 cimal digits,. \n+0003b270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 with the\n+0003b280: 2066 6972 7374 2074 6872 6565 2066 6965 first three fie\n+0003b290: 6c64 7320 6173 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e lds as little-en\n+0003b2a0: 6469 616e 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 dian, and the re\n+0003b2b0: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7269 st. pri\n+0003b2c0: 6e74 6564 2062 7974 652d 6279 2d62 7974 nted byte-by-byt\n+0003b2d0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 e... The def\n+0003b2e0: 6175 6c74 2061 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 ault action is t\n+0003b2f0: 6f20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 o print the valu\n+0003b300: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6571 7565 7374 e of the request\n+0003b310: 6564 2066 6965 6c64 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 ed field to. \n+0003b320: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 6275 the console, bu\n+0003b330: 7420 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d t a variable nam\n+0003b340: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 e can be specifi\n+0003b350: 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d73 6574 ed with ...--set\n+0003b360: e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6f72 ... to. stor\n+0003b370: 6520 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 696e 7374 e the value inst\n+0003b380: 6561 6420 6f66 2070 7269 6e74 696e 6720 ead of printing \n+0003b390: 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 it... For ex\n+0003b3a0: 616d 706c 652c 2074 6869 7320 7769 6c6c ample, this will\n+0003b3b0: 2073 746f 7265 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 store and then \n+0003b3c0: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7379 7374 display the syst\n+0003b3d0: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 em. manufact\n+0003b3e0: 7572 6572 2773 206e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 urer's name... \n+0003b3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 736d 6269 6f73 202d smbios -\n+0003b400: 2d74 7970 6520 3120 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 -type 1 --get-st\n+0003b410: 7269 6e67 2034 202d 2d73 6574 2073 7973 ring 4 --set sys\n+0003b420: 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 tem_manufacturer\n+0003b430: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 6f20 . echo \n+0003b440: 2473 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 $system_manufact\n+0003b450: 7572 6572 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 urer....File: gr\n+0003b460: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003b470: 736f 7572 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 source, Next: t\n+0003b480: 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736d 6269 est, Prev: smbi\n+0003b490: 6f73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 os, Up: Command\n+0003b4a0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0003b4b0: 3137 2e34 2e37 3320 736f 7572 6365 0a2d 17.4.73 source.-\n+0003b4c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003b4d0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736f 7572 -- Command: sour\n+0003b4e0: 6365 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2052 6561 ce file. Rea\n+0003b4f0: 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e66 d FILE as a conf\n+0003b500: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 iguration file, \n+0003b510: 6173 2069 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 656e as if its conten\n+0003b520: 7473 2068 6164 2062 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 ts had been. \n+0003b530: 2069 6e63 6f72 706f 7261 7465 6420 6469 incorporated di\n+0003b540: 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 rectly into the \n+0003b550: 736f 7572 6369 6e67 2066 696c 652e 2020 sourcing file. \n+0003b560: 556e 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 Unlike ...config\n+0003b570: 6669 6c65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e file.... (*n\n+0003b580: 6f74 6520 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a ote configfile::\n+0003b590: 292c 2074 6869 7320 6578 6563 7574 6573 ), this executes\n+0003b5a0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n+0003b5b0: 2046 494c 4520 7769 7468 6f75 740a 2020 FILE without. \n+0003b5c0: 2020 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 636f 6e74 changing cont\n+0003b5d0: 6578 743a 2061 6e79 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e ext: any environ\n+0003b5e0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 ment variable ch\n+0003b5f0: 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 2062 7920 7468 anges made by th\n+0003b600: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 e. commands \n+0003b610: 696e 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 in FILE will be \n+0003b620: 7072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 preserved after \n+0003b630: e280 9873 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 2072 6574 ...source... ret\n+0003b640: 7572 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 urns, and the. \n+0003b650: 2020 206d 656e 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 menu will not\n+0003b660: 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e20 696d 6d65 6469 be shown immedi\n+0003b670: 6174 656c 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ately.....File: \n+0003b680: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003b690: 3a20 7465 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 : test, Next: t\n+0003b6a0: 7275 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736f 7572 rue, Prev: sour\n+0003b6b0: 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ce, Up: Command\n+0003b6c0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0003b6d0: 3137 2e34 2e37 3420 7465 7374 0a2d 2d2d 17.4.74 test.---\n+0003b6e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003b6f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 7374 2065 7870 ommand: test exp\n+0003b700: 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2045 7661 ression. Eva\n+0003b710: 6c75 6174 6520 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e luate EXPRESSION\n+0003b720: 2061 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7a65 726f and return zero\n+0003b730: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 6620 exit status if \n+0003b740: 7265 7375 6c74 2069 7320 7472 7565 2c0a result is true,.\n+0003b750: 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 7374 non zero st\n+0003b760: 6174 7573 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2e0a atus otherwise..\n+0003b770: 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e . EXPRESSION\n+0003b780: 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 3a0a 0a20 2020 is one of:.. \n+0003b790: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983d 3de2 STRING1 ...==.\n+0003b7a0: 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 .. STRING2. \n+0003b7b0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 the strings\n+0003b7c0: 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 2020 are equal. \n+0003b7d0: 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 9821 3de2 8099 STRING1 ...!=...\n+0003b7e0: 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 STRING2. \n+0003b7f0: 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 the strings a\n+0003b800: 7265 206e 6f74 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 re not equal. \n+0003b810: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983c e280 STRING1 ...<..\n+0003b820: 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 . STRING2. \n+0003b830: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c STRING1 is l\n+0003b840: 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 exicographically\n+0003b850: 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e less than STRIN\n+0003b860: 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 G2. STRING1 \n+0003b870: e280 983c 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 ...<=... STRING2\n+0003b880: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e . STRIN\n+0003b890: 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 G1 is lexicograp\n+0003b8a0: 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6c65 7373 206f 7220 hically less or \n+0003b8b0: 6571 7561 6c20 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e equal than STRIN\n+0003b8c0: 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 G2. STRING1 \n+0003b8d0: e280 983e e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a ...>... STRING2.\n+0003b8e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 STRING\n+0003b8f0: 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 1 is lexicograph\n+0003b900: 6963 616c 6c79 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ically greater t\n+0003b910: 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 han STRING2. \n+0003b920: 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 3e3d e280 STRING1 ...>=..\n+0003b930: 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 . STRING2. \n+0003b940: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c STRING1 is l\n+0003b950: 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 exicographically\n+0003b960: 2067 7265 6174 6572 206f 7220 6571 7561 greater or equa\n+0003b970: 6c20 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 l than STRING2. \n+0003b980: 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 INTEGER1 ...\n+0003b990: 2d65 71e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a -eq... INTEGER2.\n+0003b9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 INTEGE\n+0003b9b0: 5231 2069 7320 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 R1 is equal to I\n+0003b9c0: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 NTEGER2. INT\n+0003b9d0: 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6765 e280 9920 EGER1 ...-ge... \n+0003b9e0: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n+0003b9f0: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 2067 INTEGER1 is g\n+0003ba00: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 reater than or e\n+0003ba10: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 qual to INTEGER2\n+0003ba20: 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 . INTEGER1 .\n+0003ba30: 8098 2d67 74e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ..-gt... INTEGER\n+0003ba40: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 2. INTE\n+0003ba50: 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 GER1 is greater \n+0003ba60: 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 than INTEGER2. \n+0003ba70: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d INTEGER1 ...-\n+0003ba80: 6c65 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 le... INTEGER2. \n+0003ba90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n+0003baa0: 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 1 is less than o\n+0003bab0: 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 r equal to INTEG\n+0003bac0: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ER2. INTEGER\n+0003bad0: 3120 e280 982d 6c74 e280 9920 494e 5445 1 ...-lt... INTE\n+0003bae0: 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 GER2. I\n+0003baf0: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 NTEGER1 is less \n+0003bb00: 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 than INTEGER2. \n+0003bb10: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d INTEGER1 ...-\n+0003bb20: 6e65 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 ne... INTEGER2. \n+0003bb30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n+0003bb40: 3120 6973 206e 6f74 2065 7175 616c 2074 1 is not equal t\n+0003bb50: 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 o INTEGER2. \n+0003bb60: 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 PREFIXINTEGER1 .\n+0003bb70: 8098 2d70 6774 e280 9920 5052 4546 4958 ..-pgt... PREFIX\n+0003bb80: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n+0003bb90: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 2067 INTEGER1 is g\n+0003bba0: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 reater than INTE\n+0003bbb0: 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 7472 6970 GER2 after strip\n+0003bbc0: 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a ping off common.\n+0003bbd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 non-nu\n+0003bbe0: 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 2e0a 2020 meric PREFIX.. \n+0003bbf0: 2020 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 PREFIXINTEGER\n+0003bc00: 3120 e280 982d 706c 74e2 8099 2050 5245 1 ...-plt... PRE\n+0003bc10: 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 FIXINTEGER2. \n+0003bc20: 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 INTEGER1 i\n+0003bc30: 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 s less than INTE\n+0003bc40: 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 7472 6970 GER2 after strip\n+0003bc50: 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a ping off common.\n+0003bc60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 non-nu\n+0003bc70: 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 2e0a 2020 meric PREFIX.. \n+0003bc80: 2020 2046 494c 4531 20e2 8098 2d6e 74e2 FILE1 ...-nt.\n+0003bc90: 8099 2046 494c 4532 0a20 2020 2020 2020 .. FILE2. \n+0003bca0: 2020 2046 494c 4531 2069 7320 6e65 7765 FILE1 is newe\n+0003bcb0: 7220 7468 616e 2046 494c 4532 2028 6d6f r than FILE2 (mo\n+0003bcc0: 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 dification time)\n+0003bcd0: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 . Optionally. \n+0003bce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 numeric \n+0003bcf0: 4249 4153 206d 6179 2062 6520 6469 7265 BIAS may be dire\n+0003bd00: 6374 6c79 2061 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f ctly appended to\n+0003bd10: 20e2 8098 2d6e 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 7768 ...-nt... in wh\n+0003bd20: 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ich case. \n+0003bd30: 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 it is added t\n+0003bd40: 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6669 6c65 o the first file\n+0003bd50: 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7469 modification ti\n+0003bd60: 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 20e2 me.. FILE1 .\n+0003bd70: 8098 2d6f 74e2 8099 2046 494c 4532 0a20 ..-ot... FILE2. \n+0003bd80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 2069 FILE1 i\n+0003bd90: 7320 6f6c 6465 7220 7468 616e 2046 494c s older than FIL\n+0003bda0: 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e E2 (modification\n+0003bdb0: 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e61 time). Optiona\n+0003bdc0: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e75 lly. nu\n+0003bdd0: 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d 6179 2062 meric BIAS may b\n+0003bde0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7070 656e e directly appen\n+0003bdf0: 6465 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2d6f 74e2 8099 ded to ...-ot...\n+0003be00: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 in which case. \n+0003be10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 it is a\n+0003be20: 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 dded to the firs\n+0003be30: 7420 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 t file modificat\n+0003be40: 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 ion time.. .\n+0003be50: 8098 2d64 e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 ..-d... FILE. \n+0003be60: 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 FILE exis\n+0003be70: 7473 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6120 6469 7265 ts and is a dire\n+0003be80: 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d65 ctory. ...-e\n+0003be90: e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ... FILE. \n+0003bea0: 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 0a20 FILE exists. \n+0003beb0: 2020 2020 e280 982d 66e2 8099 2046 494c ...-f... FIL\n+0003bec0: 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 E. FILE\n+0003bed0: 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6973 206e exists and is n\n+0003bee0: 6f74 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 ot a directory. \n+0003bef0: 2020 2020 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2046 494c ...-s... FIL\n+0003bf00: 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 E. FILE\n+0003bf10: 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6861 7320 exists and has \n+0003bf20: 6120 7369 7a65 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 a size greater t\n+0003bf30: 6861 6e20 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 han zero. ..\n+0003bf40: 982d 6ee2 8099 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 .-n... STRING. \n+0003bf50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 the leng\n+0003bf60: 7468 206f 6620 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 th of STRING is \n+0003bf70: 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 nonzero. STR\n+0003bf80: 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 ING. ST\n+0003bf90: 5249 4e47 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 RING is equivale\n+0003bfa0: 6e74 2074 6f20 e280 982d 6e20 5354 5249 nt to ...-n STRI\n+0003bfb0: 4e47 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d7a NG.... ...-z\n+0003bfc0: e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 2020 ... STRING. \n+0003bfd0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 6820 the length \n+0003bfe0: 6f66 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 207a 6572 of STRING is zer\n+0003bff0: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 2045 o. ...(... E\n+0003c000: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 e280 9829 e280 XPRESSION ...)..\n+0003c010: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4558 5052 .. EXPR\n+0003c020: 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a20 ESSION is true. \n+0003c030: 2020 2020 e280 9821 e280 9920 4558 5052 ...!... EXPR\n+0003c040: 4553 5349 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ESSION. \n+0003c050: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 6973 2066 EXPRESSION is f\n+0003c060: 616c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 alse. EXPRES\n+0003c070: 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2045 SION1 ...-a... E\n+0003c080: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 XPRESSION2. \n+0003c090: 2020 2020 2062 6f74 6820 4558 5052 4553 both EXPRES\n+0003c0a0: 5349 4f4e 3120 616e 6420 4558 5052 4553 SION1 and EXPRES\n+0003c0b0: 5349 4f4e 3220 6172 6520 7472 7565 0a20 SION2 are true. \n+0003c0c0: 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 EXPRESSION1 \n+0003c0d0: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 EXPRESSION2. \n+0003c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 626f 7468 2045 5850 5245 both EXPRE\n+0003c0f0: 5353 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 2045 5850 5245 SSION1 and EXPRE\n+0003c100: 5353 494f 4e32 2061 7265 2074 7275 652e SSION2 are true.\n+0003c110: 2020 5468 6973 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 This syntax is\n+0003c120: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 not. P\n+0003c130: 4f53 4958 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2061 OSIX-compliant a\n+0003c140: 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 636f 6d6d nd is not recomm\n+0003c150: 656e 6465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 ended.. EXPR\n+0003c160: 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 982d 6fe2 8099 ESSION1 ...-o...\n+0003c170: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 EXPRESSION2. \n+0003c180: 2020 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 4558 either EX\n+0003c190: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 6f72 2045 5850 PRESSION1 or EXP\n+0003c1a0: 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2069 7320 7472 7565 RESSION2 is true\n+0003c1b0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003c1c0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7565 nfo, Node: true\n+0003c1d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 , Next: trust, \n+0003c1e0: 2050 7265 763a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5570 Prev: test, Up\n+0003c1f0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0003c200: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3735 ommands..17.4.75\n+0003c210: 2074 7275 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d true.----------\n+0003c220: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003c230: 2074 7275 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f true. Do no\n+0003c240: 7468 696e 672c 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 thing, successfu\n+0003c250: 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 lly. This is ma\n+0003c260: 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 inly useful in c\n+0003c270: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 ontrol. cons\n+0003c280: 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 tructs such as .\n+0003c290: 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 ..if... and ...w\n+0003c2a0: 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 hile... (*note S\n+0003c2b0: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 hell-like script\n+0003c2c0: 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ing::).....File:\n+0003c2d0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003c2e0: 653a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: trust, Next:\n+0003c2f0: 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 unset, Prev: t\n+0003c300: 7275 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e rue, Up: Comman\n+0003c310: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0003c320: 0a31 372e 342e 3736 2074 7275 7374 0a2d .17.4.76 trust.-\n+0003c330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003c340: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 7374 - Command: trust\n+0003c350: 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 7075 [--skip-sig] pu\n+0003c360: 626b 6579 5f66 696c 650a 2020 2020 2052 bkey_file. R\n+0003c370: 6561 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2066 ead public key f\n+0003c380: 726f 6d20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 rom PUBKEY_FILE \n+0003c390: 616e 6420 6164 6420 6974 2074 6f20 4752 and add it to GR\n+0003c3a0: 5542 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c20 6c69 UB's internal li\n+0003c3b0: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 7275 7374 st. of trust\n+0003c3c0: 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2e20 ed public keys. \n+0003c3d0: 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 These keys are \n+0003c3e0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 used to validate\n+0003c3f0: 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 digital. si\n+0003c400: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2077 6865 6e20 656e gnatures when en\n+0003c410: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+0003c420: 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e le ...check_sign\n+0003c430: 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 atures... is set\n+0003c440: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656e 666f to. ...enfo\n+0003c450: 7263 65e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 rce.... Note th\n+0003c460: 6174 2069 6620 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 at if ...check_s\n+0003c470: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 ignatures... is \n+0003c480: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 set to ...enforc\n+0003c490: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e 20e2 e.... when .\n+0003c4a0: 8098 7472 7573 74e2 8099 2065 7865 6375 ..trust... execu\n+0003c4b0: 7465 732c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 tes, then PUBKEY\n+0003c4c0: 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c _FILE must itsel\n+0003c4d0: 6620 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c 790a 2020 f be properly. \n+0003c4e0: 2020 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6520 signed. The \n+0003c4f0: e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 ...--skip-sig...\n+0003c500: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 option can be u\n+0003c510: 7365 6420 746f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 0a20 sed to disable. \n+0003c520: 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 652d 6368 signature-ch\n+0003c530: 6563 6b69 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 7265 6164 ecking when read\n+0003c540: 696e 6720 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 ing PUBKEY_FILE \n+0003c550: 6974 7365 6c66 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2065 itself. It is e\n+0003c560: 7870 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6861 xpected. tha\n+0003c570: 7420 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 t ...--skip-sig.\n+0003c580: 8099 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 .. is useful for\n+0003c590: 2074 6573 7469 6e67 2061 6e64 206d 616e testing and man\n+0003c5a0: 7561 6c20 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 2a4e ual booting. *N\n+0003c5b0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2055 7369 6e67 2064 ote. Using d\n+0003c5c0: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n+0003c5d0: 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e s::, for more in\n+0003c5e0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 formation.....Fi\n+0003c5f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003c600: 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 4e65 Node: unset, Ne\n+0003c610: 7874 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 xt: verify_detac\n+0003c620: 6865 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7573 hed, Prev: trus\n+0003c630: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n+0003c640: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0003c650: 372e 342e 3737 2075 6e73 6574 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.77 unset.---\n+0003c660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003c670: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2075 6e73 6574 2065 Command: unset e\n+0003c680: 6e76 7661 720a 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 nvvar. Unset\n+0003c690: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n+0003c6a0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 variable ENVVAR\n+0003c6b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003c6c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 info, Node: ver\n+0003c6d0: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 204e ify_detached, N\n+0003c6e0: 6578 743a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 ext: videoinfo, \n+0003c6f0: 2050 7265 763a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2055 Prev: unset, U\n+0003c700: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0003c710: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n+0003c720: 3820 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 8 verify_detache\n+0003c730: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n+0003c740: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003c750: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 ommand: verify_d\n+0003c760: 6574 6163 6865 6420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d etached [--skip-\n+0003c770: 7369 675d 2066 696c 6520 7369 676e 6174 sig] file signat\n+0003c780: 7572 655f 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ure_file. \n+0003c790: 2020 205b 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 655d [pubkey_file]\n+0003c7a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7269 6669 6573 2061 . Verifies a\n+0003c7b0: 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 6574 6163 GPG-style detac\n+0003c7c0: 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 7572 652c 2077 hed signature, w\n+0003c7d0: 6865 7265 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e65 6420 here the signed \n+0003c7e0: 6669 6c65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2046 494c file is. FIL\n+0003c7f0: 452c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 E, and the signa\n+0003c800: 7475 7265 2069 7473 656c 6620 6973 2069 ture itself is i\n+0003c810: 6e20 6669 6c65 2053 4947 4e41 5455 5245 n file SIGNATURE\n+0003c820: 5f46 494c 452e 0a20 2020 2020 4f70 7469 _FILE.. Opti\n+0003c830: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 6120 7370 6563 6966 onally, a specif\n+0003c840: 6963 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 746f ic public key to\n+0003c850: 2075 7365 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 use can be spec\n+0003c860: 6966 6965 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 ified using. \n+0003c870: 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2e20 2057 PUBKEY_FILE. W\n+0003c880: 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 hen environment \n+0003c890: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 variable ...chec\n+0003c8a0: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 k_signatures... \n+0003c8b0: 6973 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 is set. to .\n+0003c8c0: 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 ..enforce..., th\n+0003c8d0: 656e 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d en PUBKEY_FILE m\n+0003c8e0: 7573 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 ust itself be pr\n+0003c8f0: 6f70 6572 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6279 operly signed by\n+0003c900: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c72 6561 6479 an. already\n+0003c910: 2d74 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 2e20 2041 -trusted key. A\n+0003c920: 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2050 5542 4b45 n unsigned PUBKE\n+0003c930: 595f 4649 4c45 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f Y_FILE can be lo\n+0003c940: 6164 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7065 aded by. spe\n+0003c950: 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 cifying ...--ski\n+0003c960: 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5055 p-sig.... If PU\n+0003c970: 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6973 206f 6d69 BKEY_FILE is omi\n+0003c980: 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7562 6c69 tted, then publi\n+0003c990: 630a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 6672 6f6d c. keys from\n+0003c9a0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 7472 7573 7465 6420 GRUB's trusted \n+0003c9b0: 6b65 7973 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 keys (*note list\n+0003c9c0: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 _trusted::, *not\n+0003c9d0: 6520 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 0a20 2020 2020 e trust::,. \n+0003c9e0: 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 and *note distru\n+0003c9f0: 7374 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 7472 6965 642e st::) are tried.\n+0003ca00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 636f 6465 .. Exit code\n+0003ca10: 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 ...$?... is set\n+0003ca20: 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 6865 2073 6967 to 0 if the sig\n+0003ca30: 6e61 7475 7265 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 nature validates\n+0003ca40: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 0a20 successfully.. \n+0003ca50: 2020 2020 4966 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f If validatio\n+0003ca60: 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2069 7420 6973 2073 n fails, it is s\n+0003ca70: 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f et to a non-zero\n+0003ca80: 2076 616c 7565 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 value. *Note U\n+0003ca90: 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6769 7461 sing. digita\n+0003caa0: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 l signatures::, \n+0003cab0: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 for more informa\n+0003cac0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+0003cad0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003cae0: 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6578 videoinfo, Nex\n+0003caf0: 743a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: wrmsr, Prev:\n+0003cb00: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n+0003cb10: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0003cb20: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0003cb30: 2e34 2e37 3920 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f0a .4.79 videoinfo.\n+0003cb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003cb50: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003cb60: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f20 5b5b 5778 485d videoinfo [[WxH]\n+0003cb70: 7844 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 xD]. List av\n+0003cb80: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f ailable video mo\n+0003cb90: 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 des. If resolut\n+0003cba0: 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7368 ion is given, sh\n+0003cbb0: 6f77 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 206d 6174 ow only. mat\n+0003cbc0: 6368 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 732e 0a0a 1f0a ching modes.....\n+0003cbd0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003cbe0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 722c 2020 Node: wrmsr, \n+0003cbf0: 5072 6576 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c Prev: videoinfo,\n+0003cc00: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0003cc10: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0003cc20: 342e 3830 2077 726d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.80 wrmsr.-----\n+0003cc30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003cc40: 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 7772 6d73 7220 3078 mmand:: wrmsr 0x\n+0003cc50: 4144 4452 2030 7856 414c 5545 0a20 2020 ADDR 0xVALUE. \n+0003cc60: 2020 5772 6974 6520 6120 3078 5641 4c55 Write a 0xVALU\n+0003cc70: 4520 746f 2061 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 E to a model-spe\n+0003cc80: 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 2061 cific register a\n+0003cc90: 7420 6164 6472 6573 7320 3078 4144 4452 t address 0xADDR\n+0003cca0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6561 7365 206e ... Please n\n+0003ccb0: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e20 534d 5020 ote that on SMP \n+0003ccc0: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2077 7269 7469 6e67 systems, writing\n+0003ccd0: 2074 6f20 6120 4d53 5220 7468 6174 2068 to a MSR that h\n+0003cce0: 6173 2061 2073 636f 7065 0a20 2020 2020 as a scope. \n+0003ccf0: 7065 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2074 6872 per hardware thr\n+0003cd00: 6561 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 6861 ead, implies tha\n+0003cd10: 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 t the value that\n+0003cd20: 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6f6e 6c79 is written only\n+0003cd30: 0a20 2020 2020 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f . applies to\n+0003cd40: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 the particular \n+0003cd50: 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 cpu/core/thread \n+0003cd60: 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7468 6520 636f that runs the co\n+0003cd70: 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 mmand... Als\n+0003cd80: 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 o, if you specif\n+0003cd90: 7920 6120 7265 7365 7276 6564 206f 7220 y a reserved or \n+0003cda0: 756e 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 4d53 unimplemented MS\n+0003cdb0: 5220 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 740a 2020 R address, it. \n+0003cdc0: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6361 7573 6520 6120 will cause a \n+0003cdd0: 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 6f74 6563 7469 general protecti\n+0003cde0: 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2028 7768 on exception (wh\n+0003cdf0: 6963 6820 6973 206e 6f74 2063 7572 7265 ich is not curre\n+0003ce00: 6e74 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e 6720 ntly. being \n+0003ce10: 6861 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 6e64 2074 6865 handled) and the\n+0003ce20: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7769 6c6c 2072 6562 system will reb\n+0003ce30: 6f6f 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a oot... Note:\n+0003ce40: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 The command is \n+0003ce50: 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e not allowed when\n+0003ce60: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 lockdown is enf\n+0003ce70: 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 orced (*note. \n+0003ce80: 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 Lockdown::). \n+0003ce90: 5468 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 This is done to \n+0003cea0: 7072 6576 656e 7420 7375 6276 6572 7469 prevent subverti\n+0003ceb0: 6e67 2076 6172 696f 7573 2073 6563 7572 ng various secur\n+0003cec0: 6974 790a 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 ity. mechani\n+0003ced0: 736d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 sms.....File: gr\n+0003cee0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003cef0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003cf00: 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 556e 646f nds, Next: Undo\n+0003cf10: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 cumented command\n+0003cf20: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e s, Prev: Comman\n+0003cf30: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c d-line commands,\n+0003cf40: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a Up: Commands..\n+0003cf50: 3137 2e35 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 17.5 Networking \n+0003cf60: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.=======\n+0003cf70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0003cf80: 3d0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6e65 =..* Menu:..* ne\n+0003cf90: 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 t_add_addr:: \n+0003cfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 Add \n+0003cfb0: 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6164 6472 6573 a network addres\n+0003cfc0: 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 733a s.* net_add_dns:\n+0003cfd0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0003cfe0: 2020 4164 6420 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 Add a DNS serv\n+0003cff0: 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 er.* net_add_rou\n+0003d000: 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te:: \n+0003d010: 2020 2041 6464 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 Add routing e\n+0003d020: 6e74 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 ntry.* net_bootp\n+0003d030: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0003d040: 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2062 Perform a b\n+0003d050: 6f6f 7470 2f44 4843 5020 6175 746f 636f ootp/DHCP autoco\n+0003d060: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 nfiguration.* ne\n+0003d070: 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 t_del_addr:: \n+0003d080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f Remo\n+0003d090: 7665 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6672 ve IP address fr\n+0003d0a0: 6f6d 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 206e om interface.* n\n+0003d0b0: 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 et_del_dns:: \n+0003d0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d Rem\n+0003d0d0: 6f76 6520 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 ove a DNS server\n+0003d0e0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 .* net_del_route\n+0003d0f0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0003d100: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 726f 7574 6520 Remove a route \n+0003d110: 656e 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 entry.* net_dhcp\n+0003d120: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0003d130: 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 Perform a \n+0003d140: 4448 4350 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 DHCP autoconfigu\n+0003d150: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 ration.* net_get\n+0003d160: 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 _dhcp_option:: \n+0003d170: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 Retrieve \n+0003d180: 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a2a 206e DHCP options.* n\n+0003d190: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n+0003d1a0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 :: Per\n+0003d1b0: 666f 726d 2049 5076 3620 6175 746f 636f form IPv6 autoco\n+0003d1c0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 nfiguration.* ne\n+0003d1d0: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 t_ls_addr:: \n+0003d1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n+0003d1f0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 730a 2a20 6e65 interfaces.* ne\n+0003d200: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 3a3a 2020 2020 t_ls_cards:: \n+0003d210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n+0003d220: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 6172 6473 0a2a network cards.*\n+0003d230: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 net_ls_dns:: \n+0003d240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+0003d250: 6973 7420 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 730a ist DNS servers.\n+0003d260: 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 733a * net_ls_routes:\n+0003d270: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0003d280: 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 List routing ent\n+0003d290: 7269 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f ries.* net_nsloo\n+0003d2a0: 6b75 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 kup:: \n+0003d2b0: 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 Perform a D\n+0003d2c0: 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2a20 6e65 745f NS lookup.* net_\n+0003d2d0: 7365 745f 766c 616e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 set_vlan:: \n+0003d2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 766c Set vl\n+0003d2f0: 616e 2069 6420 6f6e 2061 6e20 696e 7465 an id on an inte\n+0003d300: 7266 6163 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rface....File: g\n+0003d310: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003d320: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 net_add_addr, \n+0003d330: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e Next: net_add_dn\n+0003d340: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 s, Up: Networki\n+0003d350: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n+0003d360: 352e 3120 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 5.1 net_add_addr\n+0003d370: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0003d380: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003d390: 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 7220 d: net_add_addr \n+0003d3a0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 4341 5244 2041 INTERFACE CARD A\n+0003d3b0: 4444 5245 5353 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6e66 DDRESS. Conf\n+0003d3c0: 6967 7572 6520 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c igure additional\n+0003d3d0: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2049 4e54 4552 4641 network INTERFA\n+0003d3e0: 4345 2077 6974 6820 4144 4452 4553 5320 CE with ADDRESS \n+0003d3f0: 6f6e 2061 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 on a network. \n+0003d400: 2020 4341 5244 2e20 2041 4444 5245 5353 CARD. ADDRESS\n+0003d410: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2049 can be either I\n+0003d420: 5020 696e 2064 6f74 7465 6420 6465 6369 P in dotted deci\n+0003d430: 6d61 6c20 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 mal notation, or\n+0003d440: 0a20 2020 2020 7379 6d62 6f6c 6963 206e . symbolic n\n+0003d450: 616d 6520 7768 6963 6820 6973 2072 6573 ame which is res\n+0003d460: 6f6c 7665 6420 7573 696e 6720 444e 5320 olved using DNS \n+0003d470: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e20 2049 6620 7375 6363 lookup. If succ\n+0003d480: 6573 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6869 essful,. thi\n+0003d490: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 s command also a\n+0003d4a0: 6464 7320 6c6f 6361 6c20 6c69 6e6b 2072 dds local link r\n+0003d4b0: 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6f20 outing entry to \n+0003d4c0: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 the default. \n+0003d4d0: 2073 7562 6e65 7420 6f66 2041 4444 5245 subnet of ADDRE\n+0003d4e0: 5353 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2049 4e54 SS with name INT\n+0003d4f0: 4552 4641 4345 e280 983a 6c6f 6361 6ce2 ERFACE...:local.\n+0003d500: 8099 2076 6961 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 .. via INTERFACE\n+0003d510: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003d520: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+0003d530: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a _add_dns, Next:\n+0003d540: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 net_add_route, \n+0003d550: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 Prev: net_add_a\n+0003d560: 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 ddr, Up: Networ\n+0003d570: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n+0003d580: 372e 352e 3220 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 7.5.2 net_add_dn\n+0003d590: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+0003d5a0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003d5b0: 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2053 d: net_add_dns S\n+0003d5c0: 4552 5645 520a 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c ERVER. Resol\n+0003d5d0: 7665 2053 4552 5645 5220 4950 2061 6464 ve SERVER IP add\n+0003d5e0: 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2061 6464 2074 6f20 ress and add to \n+0003d5f0: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 444e 5320 the list of DNS \n+0003d600: 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 servers used. \n+0003d610: 2020 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f during name lo\n+0003d620: 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 okup.....File: g\n+0003d630: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003d640: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 net_add_route, \n+0003d650: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 Next: net_bootp\n+0003d660: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 , Prev: net_add\n+0003d670: 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f _dns, Up: Netwo\n+0003d680: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n+0003d690: 3137 2e35 2e33 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 17.5.3 net_add_r\n+0003d6a0: 6f75 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oute.-----------\n+0003d6b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003d6c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f ommand: net_add_\n+0003d6d0: 726f 7574 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d 4520 route SHORTNAME \n+0003d6e0: 4950 5b2f 5052 4546 4958 5d20 5b49 4e54 IP[/PREFIX] [INT\n+0003d6f0: 4552 4641 4345 207c 2067 770a 2020 2020 ERFACE | gw. \n+0003d700: 2020 2020 2020 4741 5445 5741 595d 0a20 GATEWAY]. \n+0003d710: 2020 2020 4164 6420 726f 7574 6520 746f Add route to\n+0003d720: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2077 6974 6820 6164 network with ad\n+0003d730: 6472 6573 7320 4950 2061 7320 6d6f 6469 dress IP as modi\n+0003d740: 6669 6564 2062 7920 5052 4546 4958 2076 fied by PREFIX v\n+0003d750: 6961 0a20 2020 2020 6569 7468 6572 206c ia. either l\n+0003d760: 6f63 616c 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 206f ocal INTERFACE o\n+0003d770: 7220 4741 5445 5741 592e 2020 5052 4546 r GATEWAY. PREF\n+0003d780: 4958 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 IX is optional a\n+0003d790: 6e64 2064 6566 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 nd defaults. \n+0003d7a0: 2074 6f20 3332 2066 6f72 2049 5076 3420 to 32 for IPv4 \n+0003d7b0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 3132 3820 address and 128 \n+0003d7c0: 666f 7220 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 for IPv6 address\n+0003d7d0: 2e20 2052 6f75 7465 2069 730a 2020 2020 . Route is. \n+0003d7e0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 identified by S\n+0003d7f0: 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2077 6869 6368 2063 HORTNAME which c\n+0003d800: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 an be used to re\n+0003d810: 6d6f 7665 2069 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 move it (*note. \n+0003d820: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 net_del_rout\n+0003d830: 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 e::).....File: g\n+0003d840: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003d850: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 204e 6578 net_bootp, Nex\n+0003d860: 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c t: net_del_addr,\n+0003d870: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f Prev: net_add_\n+0003d880: 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 route, Up: Netw\n+0003d890: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n+0003d8a0: 0a31 372e 352e 3420 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 .17.5.4 net_boot\n+0003d8b0: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n+0003d8c0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003d8d0: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 205b 4341 5244 net_bootp [CARD\n+0003d8e0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 ]. Alias for\n+0003d8f0: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2066 6f72 2063 net_dhcp, for c\n+0003d900: 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 ompatibility wit\n+0003d910: 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 4772 7562 2076 6572 h older Grub ver\n+0003d920: 7369 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5769 6c6c sions.. Will\n+0003d930: 2070 6572 666f 726d 2074 6865 2073 616d perform the sam\n+0003d940: 6520 4448 4350 2068 616e 6473 6861 6b65 e DHCP handshake\n+0003d950: 2077 6974 6820 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 with potential \n+0003d960: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 fallback to. \n+0003d970: 2042 4f4f 5450 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e65 BOOTP as the ne\n+0003d980: 745f 6468 6370 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 t_dhcp command (\n+0003d990: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a *note net_dhcp::\n+0003d9a0: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+0003d9b0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+0003d9c0: 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 t_del_addr, Nex\n+0003d9d0: 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 t: net_del_dns, \n+0003d9e0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 Prev: net_bootp\n+0003d9f0: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n+0003da00: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n+0003da10: 2e35 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 720a .5 net_del_addr.\n+0003da20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003da30: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003da40: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2049 : net_del_addr I\n+0003da50: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 0a20 2020 2020 5265 NTERFACE. Re\n+0003da60: 6d6f 7665 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 move configured \n+0003da70: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 7769 7468 2061 INTERFACE with a\n+0003da80: 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 6164 6472 6573 ssociated addres\n+0003da90: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0003daa0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+0003dab0: 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 t_del_dns, Next\n+0003dac0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c : net_del_route,\n+0003dad0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f Prev: net_del_\n+0003dae0: 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f addr, Up: Netwo\n+0003daf0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n+0003db00: 3137 2e35 2e36 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 17.5.6 net_del_d\n+0003db10: 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ns.-------------\n+0003db20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003db30: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 7320 nd: net_del_dns \n+0003db40: 4144 4452 4553 530a 2020 2020 2052 656d ADDRESS. Rem\n+0003db50: 6f76 6520 4144 4452 4553 5320 6672 6f6d ove ADDRESS from\n+0003db60: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 list of servers\n+0003db70: 2075 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d used during nam\n+0003db80: 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e lookup.....Fil\n+0003db90: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003dba0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 ode: net_del_rou\n+0003dbb0: 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 te, Next: net_d\n+0003dbc0: 6863 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f hcp, Prev: net_\n+0003dbd0: 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 del_dns, Up: Ne\n+0003dbe0: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+0003dbf0: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3720 6e65 745f 6465 s..17.5.7 net_de\n+0003dc00: 6c5f 726f 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l_route.--------\n+0003dc10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003dc20: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 - Command: net_d\n+0003dc30: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 484f 5254 4e41 el_route SHORTNA\n+0003dc40: 4d45 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2072 ME. Remove r\n+0003dc50: 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6465 6e74 oute entry ident\n+0003dc60: 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 ified by SHORTNA\n+0003dc70: 4d45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ME.....File: gru\n+0003dc80: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+0003dc90: 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 et_dhcp, Next: \n+0003dca0: 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 net_get_dhcp_opt\n+0003dcb0: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ion, Prev: net_\n+0003dcc0: 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 del_route, Up: \n+0003dcd0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003dce0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3820 6e65 745f nds..17.5.8 net_\n+0003dcf0: 6468 6370 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dhcp.-----------\n+0003dd00: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003dd10: 643a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 7020 5b43 4152 d: net_dhcp [CAR\n+0003dd20: 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 D]. Perform \n+0003dd30: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 configuration of\n+0003dd40: 2043 4152 4420 7573 696e 6720 4448 4350 CARD using DHCP\n+0003dd50: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4966 206e protocol. If n\n+0003dd60: 6f20 6361 7264 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 o card name. \n+0003dd70: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 is specified, t\n+0003dd80: 7279 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 ry to configure \n+0003dd90: 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 all existing car\n+0003dda0: 6473 2e20 2046 616c 6c73 2062 6163 6b20 ds. Falls back \n+0003ddb0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 424f 4f54 to. the BOOT\n+0003ddc0: 5020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 6966 206e P protocol, if n\n+0003ddd0: 6565 6465 642e 2020 4966 2063 6f6e 6669 eeded. If confi\n+0003dde0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 7563 guration was suc\n+0003ddf0: 6365 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 696e cessful,. in\n+0003de00: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 206e 616d terface with nam\n+0003de10: 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 e CARD...:dhcp..\n+0003de20: 9920 616e 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 . and configured\n+0003de30: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2069 7320 6164 6465 address is adde\n+0003de40: 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 4341 5244 2e20 d to. CARD. \n+0003de50: 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7468 Additionally th\n+0003de60: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 4448 4350 e following DHCP\n+0003de70: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2072 6563 options are rec\n+0003de80: 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 ognized and. \n+0003de90: 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 processed:.. \n+0003dea0: 2020 e280 9831 2028 5375 626e 6574 204d ...1 (Subnet M\n+0003deb0: 6173 6b29 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ask).... \n+0003dec0: 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 6361 6c63 756c Used to calcul\n+0003ded0: 6174 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 ate network loca\n+0003dee0: 6c20 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 7920 l routing entry \n+0003def0: 666f 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2020 for interface. \n+0003df00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4341 5244 e280 983a CARD...:\n+0003df10: 6468 6370 e280 992e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 dhcp..... ..\n+0003df20: 9833 2028 526f 7574 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 .3 (Router).... \n+0003df30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 7320 6465 Adds de\n+0003df40: 6661 756c 7420 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 fault route entr\n+0003df50: 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 y with the name \n+0003df60: 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 3a64 6566 CARD...:dhcp:def\n+0003df70: 6175 6c74 e280 9920 7669 610a 2020 2020 ault... via. \n+0003df80: 2020 2020 2020 6761 7465 7761 7920 6672 gateway fr\n+0003df90: 6f6d 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 om DHCP option. \n+0003dfa0: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 Note that only \n+0003dfb0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7369 6e67 option with sing\n+0003dfc0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6f75 le. rou\n+0003dfd0: 7465 2069 7320 6163 6365 7074 6564 2e0a te is accepted..\n+0003dfe0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3620 2844 6f6d 6169 ...6 (Domai\n+0003dff0: 6e20 4e61 6d65 2053 6572 7665 7229 e280 n Name Server)..\n+0003e000: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6473 .. Adds\n+0003e010: 2061 6c6c 2073 6572 7665 7273 2066 726f all servers fro\n+0003e020: 6d20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2076 616c 7565 2074 m option value t\n+0003e030: 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 o the list of se\n+0003e040: 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 rvers used. \n+0003e050: 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 during name\n+0003e060: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 resolution.. \n+0003e070: 2020 e280 9831 3220 2848 6f73 7420 4e61 ...12 (Host Na\n+0003e080: 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 me).... \n+0003e090: 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Sets environmen\n+0003e0a0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 t variable ...ne\n+0003e0b0: 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 t_......_d\n+0003e0c0: 6863 705f 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 e280 9920 hcp_hostname... \n+0003e0d0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 (*note. \n+0003e0e0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+0003e0f0: 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 _hostname::) to \n+0003e100: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 the value of opt\n+0003e110: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3520 ion.. ...15 \n+0003e120: 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 (Domain Name)...\n+0003e130: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 . Sets \n+0003e140: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0003e150: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c able ...net_...<\n+0003e160: 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f 646f CARD>..._dhcp_do\n+0003e170: 6d61 696e e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 main... (*note. \n+0003e180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e net__domain:\n+0003e1a0: 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 :) to the value \n+0003e1b0: 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 of option.. \n+0003e1c0: e280 9831 3720 2852 6f6f 7420 5061 7468 ...17 (Root Path\n+0003e1d0: 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 ).... S\n+0003e1e0: 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ets environment \n+0003e1f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f variable ...net_\n+0003e200: e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 ......_dhc\n+0003e210: 705f 726f 6f74 7061 7468 e280 9920 282a p_rootpath... (*\n+0003e220: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e note. n\n+0003e230: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 et__r\n+0003e240: 6f6f 7470 6174 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 ootpath::) to th\n+0003e250: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f e value of optio\n+0003e260: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3820 2845 n.. ...18 (E\n+0003e270: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 5061 7468 29e2 xtensions Path).\n+0003e280: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 ... Set\n+0003e290: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s environment va\n+0003e2a0: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 riable ...net_..\n+0003e2b0: 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f ...._dhcp_\n+0003e2c0: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 e280 extensionspath..\n+0003e2d0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f .. (*no\n+0003e2e0: 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 te net__extensionspat\n+0003e300: 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 h::) to the valu\n+0003e310: 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f e of. o\n+0003e320: 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 ption.. ...6\n+0003e330: 3620 2854 4654 5020 5365 7276 6572 204e 6 (TFTP Server N\n+0003e340: 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame).... \n+0003e350: 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Sets environme\n+0003e360: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e nt variable ...n\n+0003e370: 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f et_......_\n+0003e380: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n+0003e390: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a .... (*\n+0003e3a0: 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 note net__dhcp_server\n+0003e3c0: 5f6e 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 _name::) to the \n+0003e3d0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 value of. \n+0003e3e0: 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 option.. \n+0003e3f0: e280 9836 3720 2846 696c 656e 616d 6529 ...67 (Filename)\n+0003e400: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 .... Se\n+0003e410: 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 ts environment v\n+0003e420: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 ariable ...net_.\n+0003e430: 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 626f 6f74 ....._boot\n+0003e440: 5f66 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a _file... (*note.\n+0003e450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 net__boot_f\n+0003e470: 696c 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 ile::) to the va\n+0003e480: 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a lue of option...\n+0003e490: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003e4a0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 o, Node: net_ge\n+0003e4b0: 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 t_dhcp_option, \n+0003e4c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 Next: net_ipv6_a\n+0003e4d0: 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 utoconf, Prev: \n+0003e4e0: 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 2055 703a 204e net_dhcp, Up: N\n+0003e4f0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+0003e500: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e39 206e 6574 5f67 ds..17.5.9 net_g\n+0003e510: 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a2d et_dhcp_option.-\n 0003e520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e530: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003e540: 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f : net_get_dhcp_o\n-0003e550: 7074 696f 6e20 5641 5220 494e 5445 5246 ption VAR INTERF\n-0003e560: 4143 4520 4e55 4d42 4552 2054 5950 450a ACE NUMBER TYPE.\n-0003e570: 2020 2020 2052 6571 7565 7374 2044 4843 Request DHC\n-0003e580: 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 204e 554d 4245 5220 P option NUMBER \n-0003e590: 6f66 2054 5950 4520 7669 6120 494e 5445 of TYPE via INTE\n-0003e5a0: 5246 4143 452e 2020 5459 5045 2063 616e RFACE. TYPE can\n-0003e5b0: 2062 6520 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 be one. of \n-0003e5c0: e280 9873 7472 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 e280 ...string..., ..\n-0003e5d0: 986e 756d 6265 72e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 .number... or ..\n-0003e5e0: 9868 6578 e280 992e 2020 4966 206f 7074 .hex.... If opt\n-0003e5f0: 696f 6e20 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6173 ion is found, as\n-0003e600: 7369 676e 2069 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7661 sign its. va\n-0003e610: 6c75 6520 746f 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 lue to variable \n-0003e620: 5641 522e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 206f 6620 VAR. Values of \n-0003e630: 7479 7065 7320 e280 986e 756d 6265 72e2 types ...number.\n-0003e640: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6865 78e2 8099 .. and ...hex...\n-0003e650: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 6572 are. conver\n-0003e660: 7465 6420 746f 2073 7472 696e 6720 7265 ted to string re\n-0003e670: 7072 6573 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f presentation....\n-0003e680: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003e690: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 , Node: net_ipv\n-0003e6a0: 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 204e 6578 6_autoconf, Nex\n-0003e6b0: 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 t: net_ls_addr, \n-0003e6c0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 Prev: net_get_d\n-0003e6d0: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a hcp_option, Up:\n-0003e6e0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-0003e6f0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3020 6e65 ands..17.5.10 ne\n-0003e700: 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 660a t_ipv6_autoconf.\n-0003e710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003e730: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 ommand: net_ipv6\n-0003e740: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 6620 5b43 4152 445d _autoconf [CARD]\n-0003e750: 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 4950 . Perform IP\n-0003e760: 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 v6 autoconfigura\n-0003e770: 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 6164 6469 6e67 2074 tion by adding t\n-0003e780: 6f20 7468 6520 4341 5244 2069 6e74 6572 o the CARD inter\n-0003e790: 6661 6365 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 206e face with. n\n-0003e7a0: 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a 6c69 6e6b ame CARD...:link\n-0003e7b0: e280 9920 616e 6420 6c69 6e6b 206c 6f63 ... and link loc\n-0003e7c0: 616c 204d 4143 2d62 6173 6564 2061 6464 al MAC-based add\n-0003e7d0: 7265 7373 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6172 ress. If no car\n-0003e7e0: 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 d is. specif\n-0003e7f0: 6965 642c 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 7574 ied, perform aut\n-0003e800: 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 oconfiguration f\n-0003e810: 6f72 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 or all existing \n-0003e820: 6361 7264 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 cards.....File: \n-0003e830: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003e840: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 : net_ls_addr, \n-0003e850: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 Next: net_ls_car\n-0003e860: 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f69 ds, Prev: net_i\n-0003e870: 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 2055 pv6_autoconf, U\n-0003e880: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n-0003e890: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3120 mmands..17.5.11 \n-0003e8a0: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d net_ls_addr.----\n-0003e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0003e8c0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n-0003e8d0: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a 2020 2020 204c t_ls_addr. L\n-0003e8e0: 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ist all configur\n-0003e8f0: 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7320 7769 ed interfaces wi\n-0003e900: 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 2061 6e64 th their MAC and\n-0003e910: 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7365 732e 0a0a IP addresses...\n-0003e920: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003e930: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 o, Node: net_ls\n-0003e940: 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e _cards, Next: n\n-0003e950: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 5072 6576 et_ls_dns, Prev\n-0003e960: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 : net_ls_addr, \n-0003e970: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n-0003e980: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3132 ommands..17.5.12\n-0003e990: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 730a 2d2d net_ls_cards.--\n-0003e9a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e9b0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003e9c0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 730a 2020 net_ls_cards. \n-0003e9d0: 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 6465 7465 List all dete\n-0003e9e0: 6374 6564 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 6172 cted network car\n-0003e9f0: 6473 2077 6974 6820 7468 6569 7220 4d41 ds with their MA\n-0003ea00: 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 C address.....Fi\n-0003ea10: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003ea20: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 Node: net_ls_dns\n-0003ea30: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f , Next: net_ls_\n-0003ea40: 726f 7574 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e routes, Prev: n\n-0003ea50: 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c 2020 5570 et_ls_cards, Up\n-0003ea60: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-0003ea70: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3133 206e mands..17.5.13 n\n-0003ea80: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d et_ls_dns.------\n-0003ea90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003eaa0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c - Command: net_l\n-0003eab0: 735f 646e 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 s_dns. List \n-0003eac0: 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 6f66 2044 4e53 addresses of DNS\n-0003ead0: 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 6420 6475 servers used du\n-0003eae0: 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 ring name lookup\n-0003eaf0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003eb00: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-0003eb10: 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 204e 6578 _ls_routes, Nex\n-0003eb20: 743a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c t: net_nslookup,\n-0003eb30: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 Prev: net_ls_d\n-0003eb40: 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b ns, Up: Network\n-0003eb50: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n-0003eb60: 2e35 2e31 3420 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 .5.14 net_ls_rou\n-0003eb70: 7465 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tes.------------\n-0003eb80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003eb90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 ommand: net_ls_r\n-0003eba0: 6f75 7465 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 outes. List \n-0003ebb0: 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 6965 732e routing entries.\n-0003ebc0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003ebd0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-0003ebe0: 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 204e 6578 743a nslookup, Next:\n-0003ebf0: 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 net_set_vlan, \n-0003ec00: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 Prev: net_ls_rou\n-0003ec10: 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 tes, Up: Networ\n-0003ec20: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n-0003ec30: 372e 352e 3135 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 7.5.15 net_nsloo\n-0003ec40: 6b75 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d kup.------------\n-0003ec50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003ec60: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f mmand: net_nsloo\n-0003ec70: 6b75 7020 4e41 4d45 205b 5345 5256 4552 kup NAME [SERVER\n-0003ec80: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 2061 ]. Resolve a\n-0003ec90: 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 4e41 4d45 2075 ddress of NAME u\n-0003eca0: 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7220 sing DNS server \n-0003ecb0: 5345 5256 4552 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2073 SERVER. If no s\n-0003ecc0: 6572 7665 7220 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6769 erver is. gi\n-0003ecd0: 7665 6e2c 2075 7365 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ven, use default\n-0003ece0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 list of servers\n-0003ecf0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003ed00: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-0003ed10: 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 _set_vlan, Prev\n-0003ed20: 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 : net_nslookup, \n-0003ed30: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n-0003ed40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 commands..17.5.1\n-0003ed50: 3620 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 0a2d 6 net_set_vlan.-\n-0003ed60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003ed70: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003ed80: 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2049 : net_set_vlan I\n-0003ed90: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2056 4c41 4e49 440a NTERFACE VLANID.\n-0003eda0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2038 3032 Set the 802\n-0003edb0: 2e31 5120 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 .1Q VLAN identif\n-0003edc0: 6965 7220 6f6e 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ier on INTERFACE\n-0003edd0: 2074 6f20 564c 414e 4944 2e20 2046 6f72 to VLANID. For\n-0003ede0: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 . example, t\n-0003edf0: 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 564c 414e 2069 o set the VLAN i\n-0003ee00: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e 2069 6e74 dentifier on int\n-0003ee10: 6572 6661 6365 20e2 8098 6566 696e 6574 erface ...efinet\n-0003ee20: 31e2 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 1... to. ...\n-0003ee30: 3130 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 100...:.. \n-0003ee40: 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 net_set_vlan \n-0003ee50: 6566 696e 6574 3120 3130 300a 0a20 2020 efinet1 100.. \n-0003ee60: 2020 5468 6520 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 The VLAN ident\n-0003ee70: 6966 6965 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2072 656d ifier can be rem\n-0003ee80: 6f76 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 6720 oved by setting \n-0003ee90: 6974 2074 6f20 e280 9830 e280 993a 0a0a it to ...0...:..\n-0003eea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 7365 net_se\n-0003eeb0: 745f 766c 616e 2065 6669 6e65 7431 2030 t_vlan efinet1 0\n-0003eec0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003eed0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 556e 646f nfo, Node: Undo\n-0003eee0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 cumented command\n-0003eef0: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 s, Prev: Networ\n-0003ef00: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 king commands, \n-0003ef10: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 Up: Commands..17\n-0003ef20: 2e36 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6375 7272 .6 Commands curr\n-0003ef30: 656e 746c 7920 756e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 ently undocument\n-0003ef40: 6564 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ed.=============\n+0003e530: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003e540: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f ommand: net_get_\n+0003e550: 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e20 5641 5220 dhcp_option VAR \n+0003e560: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 4e55 4d42 4552 INTERFACE NUMBER\n+0003e570: 2054 5950 450a 2020 2020 2052 6571 7565 TYPE. Reque\n+0003e580: 7374 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 204e st DHCP option N\n+0003e590: 554d 4245 5220 6f66 2054 5950 4520 7669 UMBER of TYPE vi\n+0003e5a0: 6120 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e 2020 5459 a INTERFACE. TY\n+0003e5b0: 5045 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f6e 650a 2020 PE can be one. \n+0003e5c0: 2020 206f 6620 e280 9873 7472 696e 67e2 of ...string.\n+0003e5d0: 8099 2c20 e280 986e 756d 6265 72e2 8099 .., ...number...\n+0003e5e0: 206f 7220 e280 9868 6578 e280 992e 2020 or ...hex.... \n+0003e5f0: 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2066 6f75 If option is fou\n+0003e600: 6e64 2c20 6173 7369 676e 2069 7473 0a20 nd, assign its. \n+0003e610: 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6520 746f 2076 6172 value to var\n+0003e620: 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5661 6c75 iable VAR. Valu\n+0003e630: 6573 206f 6620 7479 7065 7320 e280 986e es of types ...n\n+0003e640: 756d 6265 72e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 umber... and ...\n+0003e650: 6865 78e2 8099 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 hex... are. \n+0003e660: 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2073 7472 converted to str\n+0003e670: 696e 6720 7265 7072 6573 656e 7461 7469 ing representati\n+0003e680: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+0003e690: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+0003e6a0: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n+0003e6b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f , Next: net_ls_\n+0003e6c0: 6164 6472 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 addr, Prev: net\n+0003e6d0: 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e _get_dhcp_option\n+0003e6e0: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n+0003e6f0: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n+0003e700: 2e31 3020 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 .10 net_ipv6_aut\n+0003e710: 6f63 6f6e 660a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oconf.----------\n+0003e720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003e730: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003e740: 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 6620 t_ipv6_autoconf \n+0003e750: 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 [CARD]. Perf\n+0003e760: 6f72 6d20 4950 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e orm IPv6 autocon\n+0003e770: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 6164 figuration by ad\n+0003e780: 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4341 5244 ding to the CARD\n+0003e790: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2077 6974 680a interface with.\n+0003e7a0: 2020 2020 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 name CARD..\n+0003e7b0: 983a 6c69 6e6b e280 9920 616e 6420 6c69 .:link... and li\n+0003e7c0: 6e6b 206c 6f63 616c 204d 4143 2d62 6173 nk local MAC-bas\n+0003e7d0: 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2049 6620 ed address. If \n+0003e7e0: 6e6f 2063 6172 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 no card is. \n+0003e7f0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2070 6572 666f specified, perfo\n+0003e800: 726d 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 rm autoconfigura\n+0003e810: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 tion for all exi\n+0003e820: 7374 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e 0a0a 1f0a sting cards.....\n+0003e830: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003e840: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 Node: net_ls_a\n+0003e850: 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ddr, Next: net_\n+0003e860: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a ls_cards, Prev:\n+0003e870: 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f net_ipv6_autoco\n+0003e880: 6e66 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b nf, Up: Network\n+0003e890: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n+0003e8a0: 2e35 2e31 3120 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 .5.11 net_ls_add\n+0003e8b0: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r.--------------\n+0003e8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003e8d0: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a nd: net_ls_addr.\n+0003e8e0: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f List all co\n+0003e8f0: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6661 nfigured interfa\n+0003e900: 6365 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d ces with their M\n+0003e910: 4143 2061 6e64 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 AC and IP addres\n+0003e920: 7365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ses.....File: gr\n+0003e930: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003e940: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 204e net_ls_cards, N\n+0003e950: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c ext: net_ls_dns,\n+0003e960: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 Prev: net_ls_a\n+0003e970: 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 ddr, Up: Networ\n+0003e980: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n+0003e990: 372e 352e 3132 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7.5.12 net_ls_ca\n+0003e9a0: 7264 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rds.------------\n+0003e9b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003e9c0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 mmand: net_ls_ca\n+0003e9d0: 7264 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c rds. List al\n+0003e9e0: 6c20 6465 7465 6374 6564 206e 6574 776f l detected netwo\n+0003e9f0: 726b 2063 6172 6473 2077 6974 6820 7468 rk cards with th\n+0003ea00: 6569 7220 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e eir MAC address.\n+0003ea10: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003ea20: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+0003ea30: 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e ls_dns, Next: n\n+0003ea40: 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 2050 et_ls_routes, P\n+0003ea50: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 rev: net_ls_card\n+0003ea60: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 s, Up: Networki\n+0003ea70: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n+0003ea80: 352e 3133 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 5.13 net_ls_dns.\n+0003ea90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003eaa0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003eab0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2020 2020 net_ls_dns. \n+0003eac0: 204c 6973 7420 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 List addresses \n+0003ead0: 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 of DNS servers u\n+0003eae0: 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 sed during name \n+0003eaf0: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a lookup.....File:\n+0003eb00: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003eb10: 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 e: net_ls_routes\n+0003eb20: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c , Next: net_nsl\n+0003eb30: 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 ookup, Prev: ne\n+0003eb40: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e t_ls_dns, Up: N\n+0003eb50: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+0003eb60: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3420 6e65 745f ds..17.5.14 net_\n+0003eb70: 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ls_routes.------\n+0003eb80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003eb90: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003eba0: 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2020 2020 t_ls_routes. \n+0003ebb0: 204c 6973 7420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e List routing en\n+0003ebc0: 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 tries.....File: \n+0003ebd0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003ebe0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 : net_nslookup, \n+0003ebf0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 Next: net_set_v\n+0003ec00: 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f lan, Prev: net_\n+0003ec10: 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 ls_routes, Up: \n+0003ec20: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003ec30: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3135 206e 6574 nds..17.5.15 net\n+0003ec40: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _nslookup.------\n+0003ec50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0003ec60: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n+0003ec70: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 7020 4e41 4d45 205b _nslookup NAME [\n+0003ec80: 5345 5256 4552 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 SERVER]. Res\n+0003ec90: 6f6c 7665 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 olve address of \n+0003eca0: 4e41 4d45 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 2073 NAME using DNS s\n+0003ecb0: 6572 7665 7220 5345 5256 4552 2e20 2049 erver SERVER. I\n+0003ecc0: 6620 6e6f 2073 6572 7665 7220 6973 0a20 f no server is. \n+0003ecd0: 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 2075 7365 2064 given, use d\n+0003ece0: 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 efault list of s\n+0003ecf0: 6572 7665 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ervers.....File:\n+0003ed00: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003ed10: 653a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c e: net_set_vlan,\n+0003ed20: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f Prev: net_nslo\n+0003ed30: 6f6b 7570 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f okup, Up: Netwo\n+0003ed40: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n+0003ed50: 3137 2e35 2e31 3620 6e65 745f 7365 745f 17.5.16 net_set_\n+0003ed60: 766c 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d vlan.-----------\n+0003ed70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003ed80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f ommand: net_set_\n+0003ed90: 766c 616e 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2056 vlan INTERFACE V\n+0003eda0: 4c41 4e49 440a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 LANID. Set t\n+0003edb0: 6865 2038 3032 2e31 5120 564c 414e 2069 he 802.1Q VLAN i\n+0003edc0: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e 2049 4e54 dentifier on INT\n+0003edd0: 4552 4641 4345 2074 6f20 564c 414e 4944 ERFACE to VLANID\n+0003ede0: 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6578 616d . For. exam\n+0003edf0: 706c 652c 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 ple, to set the \n+0003ee00: 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 VLAN identifier \n+0003ee10: 6f6e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 20e2 8098 on interface ...\n+0003ee20: 6566 696e 6574 31e2 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 efinet1... to. \n+0003ee30: 2020 20e2 8098 3130 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 ...100...:.. \n+0003ee40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 net_set\n+0003ee50: 5f76 6c61 6e20 6566 696e 6574 3120 3130 _vlan efinet1 10\n+0003ee60: 300a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 564c 414e 0.. The VLAN\n+0003ee70: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6361 6e20 identifier can \n+0003ee80: 6265 2072 656d 6f76 6564 2062 7920 7365 be removed by se\n+0003ee90: 7474 696e 6720 6974 2074 6f20 e280 9830 tting it to ...0\n+0003eea0: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ...:.. \n+0003eeb0: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2065 6669 net_set_vlan efi\n+0003eec0: 6e65 7431 2030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 net1 0....File: \n+0003eed0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003eee0: 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 : Undocumented c\n+0003eef0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ommands, Prev: \n+0003ef00: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003ef10: 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e nds, Up: Comman\n+0003ef20: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e36 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ds..17.6 Command\n+0003ef30: 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e 646f s currently undo\n+0003ef40: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d cumented.=======\n 0003ef50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003ef60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a55 6e66 6f72 7475 =======..Unfortu\n-0003ef70: 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 nately, not all \n-0003ef80: 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 GRUB commands ar\n-0003ef90: 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 e documented at \n-0003efa0: 7468 6973 2074 696d 6520 6475 6520 746f this time due to\n-0003efb0: 0a64 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2072 6573 6f75 .developer resou\n-0003efc0: 7263 6520 636f 6e73 7472 6169 6e74 732e rce constraints.\n-0003efd0: 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 746f 2063 6f6e One way to con\n-0003efe0: 7472 6962 7574 6520 6261 636b 2074 6f20 tribute back to \n-0003eff0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a70 726f 6a65 6374 the GRUB.project\n-0003f000: 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 746f 2068 656c would be to hel\n-0003f010: 7020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 7365 p document these\n-0003f020: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2061 6e64 2073 commands, and s\n-0003f030: 7562 6d69 7420 7061 7463 6865 7320 6f72 ubmit patches or\n-0003f040: 0a69 6465 6173 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 .ideas to the ma\n-0003f050: 696c 696e 6720 6c69 7374 2e20 2054 6865 iling list. The\n-0003f060: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 following is a \n-0003f070: 286d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 2069 6e63 (most likely inc\n-0003f080: 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 0a6c 6973 7420 6f66 omplete).list of\n-0003f090: 2075 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 6f72 undocumented or\n-0003f0a0: 2070 6f6f 726c 7920 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 poorly document\n-0003f0b0: 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 616e 6420 ed commands and \n-0003f0c0: 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 6d0a not all of them.\n-0003f0d0: 6172 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 666f 7220 are allowed for \n-0003f0e0: 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 all platforms. \n-0003f0f0: 5275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6d6d Running the comm\n-0003f100: 616e 6420 6865 6c70 2066 726f 6d20 7769 and help from wi\n-0003f110: 7468 696e 2074 6865 0a47 5255 4220 7368 thin the.GRUB sh\n-0003f120: 656c 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 ell may provide \n-0003f130: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n-0003f140: 206f 6e20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2061 on parameters a\n-0003f150: 6e64 2075 7361 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 nd usage... ..\n-0003f160: a220 e280 9861 6c6c 5f66 756e 6374 696f . ...all_functio\n-0003f170: 6e61 6c5f 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5275 nal_test... - Ru\n-0003f180: 6e20 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c n all functional\n-0003f190: 2074 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 tests.. ... .\n-0003f1a0: 8098 6261 636b 7472 6163 65e2 8099 202d ..backtrace... -\n-0003f1b0: 2050 7269 6e74 2062 6163 6b74 7261 6365 Print backtrace\n-0003f1c0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 .. ... ...boot\n-0003f1d0: 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2062 time... - Show b\n-0003f1e0: 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2073 7461 7469 7374 oot time statist\n-0003f1f0: 6963 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 ics.. ... ...c\n-0003f200: 6163 6865 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 4765 acheinfo... - Ge\n-0003f210: 7420 6469 736b 2063 6163 6865 2069 6e66 t disk cache inf\n-0003f220: 6f2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 626d o.. ... ...cbm\n-0003f230: 656d 63e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 4342 emc... - Show CB\n-0003f240: 4d45 4d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 636f 6e74 MEM console cont\n-0003f250: 656e 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 ent.. ... ...c\n-0003f260: 6d6f 7373 6574 e280 9920 2d20 5365 7420 mosset... - Set \n-0003f270: 6269 7420 6174 2042 5954 453a 4249 5420 bit at BYTE:BIT \n-0003f280: 696e 2043 4d4f 532e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 in CMOS.. ... \n-0003f290: e280 9863 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f 626f 6f74 ...coreboot_boot\n-0003f2a0: 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2063 time... - Show c\n-0003f2b0: 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 626f 6f74 2074 696d oreboot boot tim\n-0003f2c0: 6520 7374 6174 6973 7469 6373 2e0a 2020 e statistics.. \n-0003f2d0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6475 6d70 e280 9920 ... ...dump... \n-0003f2e0: 2d20 5368 6f77 206d 656d 6f72 7920 636f - Show memory co\n-0003f2f0: 6e74 656e 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ntents.. ... .\n-0003f300: 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f6c 6f61 6463 6f72 ..efiemu_loadcor\n-0003f310: 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6420 e... - Load and \n-0003f320: 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2045 4649 2065 initialize EFI e\n-0003f330: 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 mulator.. ... \n-0003f340: e280 9865 6669 656d 755f 7072 6570 6172 ...efiemu_prepar\n-0003f350: 65e2 8099 202d 2046 696e 616c 697a 6520 e... - Finalize \n-0003f360: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2045 4649 2065 loading of EFI e\n-0003f370: 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 mulator.. ... \n-0003f380: e280 9865 6669 656d 755f 756e 6c6f 6164 ...efiemu_unload\n-0003f390: e280 9920 2d20 556e 6c6f 6164 2045 4649 ... - Unload EFI\n-0003f3a0: 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 emulator.. ..\n-0003f3b0: a220 e280 9865 7869 74e2 8099 202d 2045 . ...exit... - E\n-0003f3c0: 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 0a20 xit from GRUB.. \n-0003f3d0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 ... ...extract\n-0003f3e0: 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 _entries_configf\n-0003f3f0: 696c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e ile... - Load an\n-0003f400: 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c other config fil\n-0003f410: 6520 6275 7420 7461 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 e but take. \n-0003f420: 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 only menu entrie\n-0003f430: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 s.. ... ...ext\n-0003f440: 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 ract_entries_sou\n-0003f450: 7263 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e rce... - Load an\n-0003f460: 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c other config fil\n-0003f470: 6520 7769 7468 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2063 e without. c\n-0003f480: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6578 7420 hanging context \n-0003f490: 6275 7420 7461 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 but take only me\n-0003f4a0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 nu entries.. .\n-0003f4b0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 6c65 .. ...extract_le\n-0003f4c0: 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e gacy_entries_con\n-0003f4d0: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 figfile... - Par\n-0003f4e0: 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 se legacy config\n-0003f4f0: 2069 6e20 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e in new. con\n-0003f500: 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 text taking only\n-0003f510: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 menu entries. \n-0003f520: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f ... ...extract_\n-0003f530: 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 legacy_entries_s\n-0003f540: 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 ource... - Parse\n-0003f550: 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 legacy config i\n-0003f560: 6e20 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 n same. cont\n-0003f570: 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 ext taking only \n-0003f580: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 menu entries. \n-0003f590: e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f73 ... ...extract_s\n-0003f5a0: 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 656e 7472 6965 735f yslinux_entries_\n-0003f5b0: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 configfile... - \n-0003f5c0: 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 Execute syslinux\n-0003f5d0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 config in. \n-0003f5e0: 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 new context taki\n-0003f5f0: 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ng only menu ent\n-0003f600: 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 ries. ... ...e\n-0003f610: 7874 7261 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 785f xtract_syslinux_\n-0003f620: 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 6365 e280 entries_source..\n-0003f630: 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c . - Execute sysl\n-0003f640: 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 inux config in s\n-0003f650: 616d 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 ame. context\n-0003f660: 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e taking only men\n-0003f670: 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 u entries. ...\n-0003f680: 20e2 8098 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 e280 9920 ...fakebios... \n-0003f690: 2d20 4372 6561 7465 2042 494f 532d 6c69 - Create BIOS-li\n-0003f6a0: 6b65 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 666f ke structures fo\n-0003f6b0: 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 2063 6f6d 7061 r backward compa\n-0003f6c0: 7469 6269 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 2020 7769 tibility. wi\n-0003f6d0: 7468 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 4f53 2e0a th existing OS..\n-0003f6e0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 6c65 e280 ... ...file..\n-0003f6f0: 9920 2d20 4368 6563 6b20 6966 2046 494c . - Check if FIL\n-0003f700: 4520 6973 206f 6620 7370 6563 6966 6965 E is of specifie\n-0003f710: 6420 7479 7065 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 d type.. ... .\n-0003f720: 8098 6669 785f 7669 6465 6fe2 8099 202d ..fix_video... -\n-0003f730: 2046 6978 2076 6964 656f 2070 726f 626c Fix video probl\n-0003f740: 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6670 em.. ... ...fp\n-0003f750: 7377 61e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 swa... - Display\n-0003f760: 2046 5053 5741 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a FPSWA version..\n-0003f770: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6675 6e63 7469 ... ...functi\n-0003f780: 6f6e 616c 5f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2052 onal_test... - R\n-0003f790: 756e 2061 6c6c 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6675 un all loaded fu\n-0003f7a0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 7473 2e0a nctional tests..\n-0003f7b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 ... ...gdbstu\n-0003f7c0: 625f 6272 6561 6be2 8099 202d 2042 7265 b_break... - Bre\n-0003f7d0: 616b 2069 6e74 6f20 4744 420a 2020 20e2 ak into GDB. .\n-0003f7e0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 62e2 8099 .. ...gdbstub...\n-0003f7f0: 202d 2053 7461 7274 2047 4442 2073 7475 - Start GDB stu\n-0003f800: 6220 6f6e 2067 6976 656e 2070 6f72 740a b on given port.\n-0003f810: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 ... ...gdbstu\n-0003f820: 625f 7374 6f70 e280 9920 2d20 5374 6f70 b_stop... - Stop\n-0003f830: 2047 4442 2073 7475 620a 2020 20e2 80a2 GDB stub. ...\n-0003f840: 20e2 8098 6864 7061 726d e280 9920 2d20 ...hdparm... - \n-0003f850: 4765 742f 7365 7420 4154 4120 6469 736b Get/set ATA disk\n-0003f860: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 732e 0a20 2020 parameters.. \n-0003f870: e280 a220 e280 9868 6578 6475 6d70 5f72 ... ...hexdump_r\n-0003f880: 616e 646f 6de2 8099 202d 2048 6578 6475 andom... - Hexdu\n-0003f890: 6d70 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6461 7461 2e0a mp random data..\n-0003f8a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 62e2 8099 ... ...inb...\n-0003f8b0: 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 - Read 8-bit va\n-0003f8c0: 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 lue from PORT.. \n-0003f8d0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e6c e280 9920 ... ...inl... \n-0003f8e0: 2d20 5265 6164 2033 322d 6269 7420 7661 - Read 32-bit va\n-0003f8f0: 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 lue from PORT.. \n-0003f900: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e77 e280 9920 ... ...inw... \n-0003f910: 2d20 5265 6164 2031 362d 6269 7420 7661 - Read 16-bit va\n-0003f920: 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 lue from PORT.. \n-0003f930: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986a 7065 6774 6573 ... ...jpegtes\n-0003f940: 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 t... - Tests loa\n-0003f950: 6469 6e67 206f 6620 4a50 4547 2062 6974 ding of JPEG bit\n-0003f960: 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b map.. ... ...k\n-0003f970: 6579 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 eymap... - Load \n-0003f980: 6120 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 206c 6179 6f75 a keyboard layou\n-0003f990: 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 t.. ... ...leg\n-0003f9a0: 6163 795f 6368 6563 6b5f 7061 7373 776f acy_check_passwo\n-0003f9b0: 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 rd... - Simulate\n-0003f9c0: 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 7061 grub-legacy 'pa\n-0003f9d0: 7373 776f 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a ssword' command.\n-0003f9e0: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 in menu ent\n-0003f9f0: 7279 206d 6f64 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ry mode. ... .\n-0003fa00: 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 ..legacy_configf\n-0003fa10: 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c ile... - Parse l\n-0003fa20: 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 egacy config in \n-0003fa30: 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 new context. .\n-0003fa40: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f70 6173 .. ...legacy_pas\n-0003fa50: 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c sword... - Simul\n-0003fa60: 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 ate grub-legacy \n-0003fa70: 2770 6173 7377 6f72 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 'password' comma\n-0003fa80: 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 nd. ... ...leg\n-0003fa90: 6163 795f 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 acy_source... - \n-0003faa0: 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e Parse legacy con\n-0003fab0: 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f 6e74 fig in same cont\n-0003fac0: 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c6f ext. ... ...lo\n-0003fad0: 6164 6269 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 adbios... - Load\n-0003fae0: 2042 494f 5320 6475 6d70 2e0a 2020 20e2 BIOS dump.. .\n-0003faf0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6163 7069 e280 9920 .. ...lsacpi... \n-0003fb00: 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 4350 4920 696e 666f - Show ACPI info\n-0003fb10: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 rmation.. ... \n-0003fb20: e280 986c 7361 706d e280 9920 2d20 5368 ...lsapm... - Sh\n-0003fb30: 6f77 2041 504d 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 ow APM informati\n-0003fb40: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 on.. ... ...ls\n-0003fb50: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 coreboot... - Li\n-0003fb60: 7374 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 7461 626c st coreboot tabl\n-0003fb70: 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 es.. ... ...ls\n-0003fb80: 6465 76e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 6465 dev... - List de\n-0003fb90: 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 vices.. ... ..\n-0003fba0: 986c 7365 6669 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 .lsefi... - Disp\n-0003fbb0: 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6861 6e64 6c65 732e lay EFI handles.\n-0003fbc0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 . ... ...lsefi\n-0003fbd0: 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 mmap... - Displa\n-0003fbe0: 7920 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 y EFI memory map\n-0003fbf0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 .. ... ...lsef\n-0003fc00: 6973 7973 7461 62e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 isystab... - Dis\n-0003fc10: 706c 6179 2045 4649 2073 7973 7465 6d20 play EFI system \n-0003fc20: 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 tables.. ... .\n-0003fc30: 8098 6c73 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 ..lsmmap... - Li\n-0003fc40: 7374 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 7072 st memory map pr\n-0003fc50: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 6669 726d 7761 ovided by firmwa\n-0003fc60: 7265 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 re.. ... ...ls\n-0003fc70: 7063 69e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 5043 pci... - List PC\n-0003fc80: 4920 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 I devices.. ..\n-0003fc90: a220 e280 986c 7373 616c e280 9920 2d20 . ...lssal... - \n-0003fca0: 4469 7370 6c61 7920 5341 4c20 7379 7374 Display SAL syst\n-0003fcb0: 656d 2074 6162 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 em table.. ...\n-0003fcc0: 20e2 8098 6c73 7370 64e2 8099 202d 2050 ...lsspd... - P\n-0003fcd0: 7269 6e74 204d 656d 6f72 7920 696e 666f rint Memory info\n-0003fce0: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 rmation.. ... \n-0003fcf0: e280 986d 6163 7070 6362 6c65 7373 e280 ...macppcbless..\n-0003fd00: 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4449 5220 6f66 . - Bless DIR of\n-0003fd10: 2048 4653 206f 7220 4846 532b 2070 6172 HFS or HFS+ par\n-0003fd20: 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2050 5043 206d tition for PPC m\n-0003fd30: 6163 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d acs.. ... ...m\n-0003fd40: 6163 7465 6c62 6c65 7373 e280 9920 2d20 actelbless... - \n-0003fd50: 426c 6573 7320 4649 4c45 206f 6620 4846 Bless FILE of HF\n-0003fd60: 5320 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 7061 7274 6974 S or HFS+ partit\n-0003fd70: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 696e 7465 6c20 6d61 ion for intel ma\n-0003fd80: 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6e65 cs.. ... ...ne\n-0003fd90: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e e280 9920 2d20 t_set_vlan... - \n-0003fda0: 5365 7420 616e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 Set an interface\n-0003fdb0: 2773 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 2e0a 2020 20e2 's vlan id.. .\n-0003fdc0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 7462 e280 9920 2d20 .. ...outb... - \n-0003fdd0: 5772 6974 6520 382d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 Write 8-bit VALU\n-0003fde0: 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 E to PORT.. ..\n-0003fdf0: a220 e280 986f 7574 6ce2 8099 202d 2057 . ...outl... - W\n-0003fe00: 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 rite 32-bit VALU\n-0003fe10: 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 E to PORT.. ..\n-0003fe20: a220 e280 986f 7574 77e2 8099 202d 2057 . ...outw... - W\n-0003fe30: 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 rite 16-bit VALU\n-0003fe40: 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 E to PORT.. ..\n-0003fe50: a220 e280 9870 6369 6475 6d70 e280 9920 . ...pcidump... \n-0003fe60: 2d20 5368 6f77 2072 6177 2064 756d 7020 - Show raw dump \n-0003fe70: 6f66 2074 6865 2050 4349 2063 6f6e 6669 of the PCI confi\n-0003fe80: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 7061 6365 2e0a guration space..\n-0003fe90: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 706e 6774 6573 ... ...pngtes\n-0003fea0: 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 t... - Tests loa\n-0003feb0: 6469 6e67 206f 6620 504e 4720 6269 746d ding of PNG bitm\n-0003fec0: 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 ap.. ... ...re\n-0003fed0: 6164 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 ad_byte... - Rea\n-0003fee0: 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 d 8-bit value fr\n-0003fef0: 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 om ADDR.. ... \n-0003ff00: e280 9872 6561 645f 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 ...read_dword...\n-0003ff10: 202d 2052 6561 6420 3332 2d62 6974 2076 - Read 32-bit v\n-0003ff20: 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a alue from ADDR..\n-0003ff30: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f77 ... ...read_w\n-0003ff40: 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 3136 ord... - Read 16\n-0003ff50: 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 -bit value from \n-0003ff60: 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ADDR.. ... ...\n-0003ff70: 7365 7470 6369 e280 9920 2d20 4d61 6e69 setpci... - Mani\n-0003ff80: 7075 6c61 7465 2050 4349 2064 6576 6963 pulate PCI devic\n-0003ff90: 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7375 es.. ... ...su\n-0003ffa0: 7370 656e 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6574 7572 spend... - Retur\n-0003ffb0: 6e20 746f 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 7072 n to IEEE1275 pr\n-0003ffc0: 6f6d 7074 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ompt.. ... ...\n-0003ffd0: 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 syslinux_configf\n-0003ffe0: 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 ile... - Execute\n-0003fff0: 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 syslinux config\n-00040000: 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 740a in new context.\n-00040010: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 736c 696e ... ...syslin\n-00040020: 7578 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2045 ux_source... - E\n-00040030: 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 xecute syslinux \n-00040040: 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 config in same c\n-00040050: 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ontext. ... ..\n-00040060: 9874 6573 745f 626c 6f63 6b61 7267 e280 .test_blockarg..\n-00040070: 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 616e 6420 6578 . - Print and ex\n-00040080: 6563 7574 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 6172 6775 ecute block argu\n-00040090: 6d65 6e74 2e2c 2030 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ment., 0. ... \n-000400a0: e280 9874 6573 746c 6f61 64e2 8099 202d ...testload... -\n-000400b0: 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 Load the same f\n-000400c0: 696c 6520 696e 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 ile in multiple \n-000400d0: 7761 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ways.. ... ...\n-000400e0: 7465 7374 7370 6565 64e2 8099 202d 2054 testspeed... - T\n-000400f0: 6573 7420 6669 6c65 2072 6561 6420 7370 est file read sp\n-00040100: 6565 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 eed.. ... ...t\n-00040110: 6761 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 gatest... - Test\n-00040120: 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2054 4741 s loading of TGA\n-00040130: 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 bitmap.. ... \n-00040140: e280 9874 696d 65e2 8099 202d 204d 6561 ...time... - Mea\n-00040150: 7375 7265 2074 696d 6520 7573 6564 2062 sure time used b\n-00040160: 7920 434f 4d4d 414e 440a 2020 20e2 80a2 y COMMAND. ...\n-00040170: 20e2 8098 7472 e280 9920 2d20 5472 616e ...tr... - Tran\n-00040180: 736c 6174 6520 5345 5431 2063 6861 7261 slate SET1 chara\n-00040190: 6374 6572 7320 746f 2053 4554 3220 696e cters to SET2 in\n-000401a0: 2053 5452 494e 472e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 STRING.. ... \n-000401b0: e280 9875 7362 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 ...usb... - Test\n-000401c0: 2055 5342 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e0a 2020 USB support.. \n-000401d0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7662 6569 6e66 6fe2 ... ...vbeinfo.\n-000401e0: 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 .. - List availa\n-000401f0: 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e ble video modes.\n-00040200: 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 If resolution \n-00040210: 6973 2067 6976 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7368 is given. sh\n-00040220: 6f77 206f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 6d61 ow only modes ma\n-00040230: 7463 6869 6e67 2069 742e 0a20 2020 e280 tching it.. ..\n-00040240: a220 e280 9876 6265 7465 7374 e280 9920 . ...vbetest... \n-00040250: 2d20 5465 7374 2076 6964 656f 2073 7562 - Test video sub\n-00040260: 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 system.. ... .\n-00040270: 8098 7669 6465 6f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d ..videotest... -\n-00040280: 2054 6573 7420 7669 6465 6f20 7375 6273 Test video subs\n-00040290: 7973 7465 6d20 696e 206d 6f64 6520 5778 ystem in mode Wx\n-000402a0: 482e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 H.. ... ...wri\n-000402b0: 7465 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 te_byte... - Wri\n-000402c0: 7465 2038 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 te 8-bit VALUE t\n-000402d0: 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 o ADDR.. ... .\n-000402e0: 8098 7772 6974 655f 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 ..write_dword...\n-000402f0: 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 7420 - Write 32-bit \n-00040300: 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 VALUE to ADDR.. \n-00040310: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 7465 5f77 ... ...write_w\n-00040320: 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2031 ord... - Write 1\n-00040330: 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 6-bit VALUE to A\n-00040340: 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 DDR.. ... ...x\n-00040350: 656e 5f63 6174 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 en_cat... - List\n-00040360: 2058 656e 2073 746f 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 Xen storage.. \n-00040370: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 6e5f 6c73 e280 ... ...xen_ls..\n-00040380: 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 656e 2073 746f . - List Xen sto\n-00040390: 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 rage.. ... ...\n-000403a0: 786e 755f 6465 7670 726f 705f 6c6f 6164 xnu_devprop_load\n-000403b0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2027 6465 7669 ... - Load 'devi\n-000403c0: 6365 2d70 726f 7065 7274 6965 7327 2064 ce-properties' d\n-000403d0: 756d 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 ump.. ... ...x\n-000403e0: 6e75 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 202d 2054 7261 nu_uuid... - Tra\n-000403f0: 6e73 666f 726d 2036 342d 6269 7420 5555 nsform 64-bit UU\n-00040400: 4944 2074 6f20 666f 726d 6174 2073 7569 ID to format sui\n-00040410: 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 584e 552e 2049 table for XNU. 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G\n-00041640: 5255 4220 616c 736f 2064 6f65 736e 2774 RUB also doesn't\n-00041650: 2068 616e 646c 650a 736f 2063 616c 6c65 handle.so calle\n-00041660: 6420 2261 6e6e 6f74 6174 696f 6e20 6368 d \"annotation ch\n-00041670: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2220 4966 2079 6f75 aracters\" If you\n-00041680: 2063 616e 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6520 6569 can complete ei\n-00041690: 7468 6572 206f 6620 7477 6f0a 6c69 7374 ther of two.list\n-000416a0: 7320 6f72 2c20 6265 7474 6572 2c20 7072 s or, better, pr\n-000416b0: 6f70 6f73 6520 6120 7061 7463 6820 746f opose a patch to\n-000416c0: 2069 6d70 726f 7665 2072 656e 6465 7269 improve renderi\n-000416d0: 6e67 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2063 6f6e 7461 ng, please conta\n-000416e0: 6374 0a64 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2074 6561 ct.developer tea\n-000416f0: 6d2e 0a0a 3138 2e34 2049 6e70 7574 2074 m...18.4 Input t\n-00041700: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d erminal.========\n-00041710: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a46 6972 ===========..Fir\n-00041720: 6d77 6172 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e mware console on\n-00041730: 2042 494f 532c 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 BIOS, IEEE1275 \n-00041740: 616e 6420 4152 4320 646f 6573 6e27 7420 and ARC doesn't \n-00041750: 616c 6c6f 7720 796f 7520 746f 2065 6e74 allow you to ent\n-00041760: 6572 0a6e 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 2063 6861 er.non-ASCII cha\n-00041770: 7261 6374 6572 732e 2020 4546 4920 7370 racters. 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Own keyboa\n-00041820: 7264 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f rd implementatio\n-00041830: 6e73 0a28 6174 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 6420 ns.(at_keyboard \n-00041840: 616e 6420 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 and usb_keyboard\n-00041850: 2920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2061 6e79 206b ) supports any k\n-00041860: 6579 2062 7574 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 0a6f ey but work on.o\n-00041870: 6e65 2d63 6861 722d 7065 722d 6b65 7973 ne-char-per-keys\n-00041880: 7472 6f6b 652e 2020 536f 206e 6f20 6465 troke. So no de\n-00041890: 6164 206b 6579 7320 6f72 2061 6476 616e ad keys or advan\n-000418a0: 6365 6420 696e 7075 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 ced input method\n-000418b0: 2e20 2041 6c73 6f0a 7468 6572 6520 6973 . Also.there is\n-000418c0: 206e 6f20 6b65 796d 6170 2063 6861 6e67 no keymap chang\n-000418d0: 6520 686f 746b 6579 2e20 2049 6e20 7072 e hotkey. In pr\n-000418e0: 6163 7469 6365 2069 7420 6d61 6b65 7320 actice it makes \n-000418f0: 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 746f 0a65 6e74 difficult to.ent\n-00041900: 6572 2061 6e79 2074 6578 7420 7573 696e er any text usin\n-00041910: 6720 6e6f 6e2d 4c61 7469 6e20 616c 7068 g non-Latin alph\n-00041920: 6162 6574 2e20 204d 6f72 656f 7665 7220 abet. Moreover \n-00041930: 616c 6c20 6375 7272 656e 7420 696e 7075 all current inpu\n-00041940: 740a 636f 6e73 756d 6572 7320 6172 6520 t.consumers are \n-00041950: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2041 5343 4949 limited to ASCII\n-00041960: 2e0a 0a31 382e 3520 4765 7474 6578 740a ...18.5 Gettext.\n-00041970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n-00041980: 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6265 696e UB supports bein\n-00041990: 6720 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2e20 2046 g translated. F\n-000419a0: 6f72 2074 6869 7320 796f 7520 6e65 6564 or this you need\n-000419b0: 2074 6f20 6861 7665 206c 616e 6775 6167 to have languag\n-000419c0: 6520 2a2e 6d6f 0a66 696c 6573 2069 6e20 e *.mo.files in \n-000419d0: 2470 7265 6669 782f 6c6f 6361 6c65 2c20 $prefix/locale, \n-000419e0: 6c6f 6164 2067 6574 7465 7874 206d 6f64 load gettext mod\n-000419f0: 756c 6520 616e 6420 7365 7420 226c 616e ule and set \"lan\n-00041a00: 6722 2076 6172 6961 626c 652e 0a0a 3138 g\" variable...18\n-00041a10: 2e36 2052 6567 6578 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .6 Regexp.======\n-00041a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 6567 6578 7073 2077 =====..Regexps w\n-00041a30: 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2075 6e69 636f 6465 2063 ork on unicode c\n-00041a40: 6861 7261 6374 6572 732c 2068 6f77 6576 haracters, howev\n-00041a50: 6572 206e 6f20 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6174 er no attempt at\n-00041a60: 2063 6865 636b 696e 670a 6361 6e6e 6f6e checking.cannon\n-00041a70: 6963 616c 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 6365 ical equivalence\n-00041a80: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6d61 6465 2e20 has been made. \n-00041a90: 204d 6f72 656f 7665 7220 7468 6520 636c Moreover the cl\n-00041aa0: 6173 7365 7320 6c69 6b65 0a5b 3a61 6c70 asses like.[:alp\n-00041ab0: 6861 3a5d 206d 6174 6368 206f 6e6c 7920 ha:] match only \n-00041ac0: 4153 4349 4920 7375 6273 6574 2e0a 0a31 ASCII subset...1\n-00041ad0: 382e 3720 4f74 6865 720a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 8.7 Other.======\n-00041ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 ====..Currently \n-00041af0: 4752 5542 2061 6c77 6179 7320 7573 6573 GRUB always uses\n-00041b00: 2059 4541 522d 4d4f 4e54 482d 4441 5920 YEAR-MONTH-DAY \n-00041b10: 484f 5552 3a4d 494e 5554 453a 5345 434f HOUR:MINUTE:SECO\n-00041b20: 4e44 205b 5745 454b 4441 595d 0a32 342d ND [WEEKDAY].24-\n-00041b30: 686f 7572 2064 6174 6574 696d 6520 666f hour datetime fo\n-00041b40: 726d 6174 2062 7574 2077 6565 6b64 6179 rmat but weekday\n-00041b50: 7320 6172 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 s are translated\n-00041b60: 2e20 2047 5255 4220 616c 7761 7973 2075 . 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GRUB-defined i\n-00041db0: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2075 7365 206f dentifiers use o\n-00041dc0: 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 4920 616e 6420 736f nly ASCII and so\n-00041dd0: 2073 686f 756c 640a 7573 6572 2d64 6566 should.user-def\n-00041de0: 696e 6564 206f 6e65 732e 2020 4964 656e ined ones. Iden\n-00041df0: 7469 6669 6572 7320 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 tifiers containi\n-00041e00: 6e67 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 206d 6179 ng non-ASCII may\n-00041e10: 2077 6f72 6b20 6275 7420 6172 656e 2774 work but aren't\n-00041e20: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e20 204f 6e6c .supported. Onl\n-00041e30: 7920 7468 6520 4153 4349 4920 7370 6163 y the ASCII spac\n-00041e40: 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2028 7370 e characters (sp\n-00041e50: 6163 6520 552b 3030 3230 2c20 7461 6220 ace U+0020, tab \n-00041e60: 552b 3030 3062 2c0a 4352 2055 2b30 3030 U+000b,.CR U+000\n-00041e70: 6420 616e 6420 4c46 2055 2b30 3030 6129 d and LF U+000a)\n-00041e80: 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 642e are recognised.\n-00041e90: 2020 4f74 6865 7220 756e 6963 6f64 6520 Other unicode \n-00041ea0: 7370 6163 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 space characters\n-00041eb0: 0a61 7265 6e27 7420 6120 7661 6c69 6420 .aren't a valid \n-00041ec0: 6669 656c 6420 7365 7061 7261 746f 722e field separator.\n-00041ed0: 2020 e280 9874 6573 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e ...test... (*n\n-00041ee0: 6f74 6520 7465 7374 3a3a 2920 7465 7374 ote test::) test\n-00041ef0: 7320 3c2c 203e 2c20 3c3d 2c0a 3e3d 2c20 s <, >, <=,.>=, \n-00041f00: 2d70 6774 2061 6e64 202d 706c 7420 636f -pgt and -plt co\n-00041f10: 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 mpare the string\n-00041f20: 7320 696e 2074 6865 206c 6578 6963 6f67 s in the lexicog\n-00041f30: 7261 7068 6963 616c 206f 7264 6572 206f raphical order o\n-00041f40: 660a 756e 6963 6f64 6520 636f 6465 706f f.unicode codepo\n-00041f50: 696e 7473 2c20 7265 706c 6963 6174 696e ints, replicatin\n-00041f60: 6720 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 g the behaviour \n-00041f70: 6f66 2074 6573 7420 6672 6f6d 2063 6f72 of test from cor\n-00041f80: 6575 7469 6c73 2e0a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d eutils..environm\n-00041f90: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 616e ent variables an\n-00041fa0: 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 206c d commands are l\n-00041fb0: 6973 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d isted in the sam\n-00041fc0: 6520 6f72 6465 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 e order.....File\n-00041fd0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00041fe0: 6465 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 2c20 204e de: Security, N\n-00041ff0: 6578 743a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 ext: Platform li\n-00042000: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5072 6576 mitations, Prev\n-00042010: 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 : Internationali\n-00042020: 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 sation, Up: Top\n-00042030: 0a0a 3139 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 2a2a ..19 Security.**\n-00042040: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e *********..* Men\n-00042050: 753a 0a0a 2a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 u:..* Authentica\n-00042060: 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 tion and authori\n-00042070: 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2055 7365 7273 2061 sation:: Users a\n-00042080: 6e64 2061 6363 6573 7320 636f 6e74 726f nd access contro\n-00042090: 6c0a 2a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 l.* Using digita\n-000420a0: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 l signatures:: \n-000420b0: 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 Booting d\n-000420c0: 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 igitally signed \n-000420d0: 636f 6465 0a2a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 code.* UEFI secu\n-000420e0: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d re boot and shim\n-000420f0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 426f 6f74 696e :: Bootin\n-00042100: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e g digitally sign\n-00042110: 6564 2050 4520 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 5365 ed PE files.* Se\n-00042120: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n-00042130: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 ed Targeting:: \n-00042140: 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 666f 726d Embedded inform\n-00042150: 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6765 6e65 7261 ation for genera\n-00042160: 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6261 7365 tion number base\n-00042170: 6420 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 0a2a 204d d revocation.* M\n-00042180: 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 3a3a 2020 easured Boot:: \n-00042190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000421a0: 2020 4d65 6173 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 Measuring boot\n-000421b0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 730a 2a20 4c6f components.* Lo\n-000421c0: 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ckdown:: \n+0003ef60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a55 =============..U\n+0003ef70: 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f nfortunately, no\n+0003ef80: 7420 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 t all GRUB comma\n+0003ef90: 6e64 7320 6172 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 nds are document\n+0003efa0: 6564 2061 7420 7468 6973 2074 696d 6520 ed at this time \n+0003efb0: 6475 6520 746f 0a64 6576 656c 6f70 6572 due to.developer\n+0003efc0: 2072 6573 6f75 7263 6520 636f 6e73 7472 resource constr\n+0003efd0: 6169 6e74 732e 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 aints. One way \n+0003efe0: 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 6520 6261 to contribute ba\n+0003eff0: 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a70 ck to the GRUB.p\n+0003f000: 726f 6a65 6374 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 roject would be \n+0003f010: 746f 2068 656c 7020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 to help document\n+0003f020: 2074 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c these commands,\n+0003f030: 2061 6e64 2073 7562 6d69 7420 7061 7463 and submit patc\n+0003f040: 6865 7320 6f72 0a69 6465 6173 2074 6f20 hes or.ideas to \n+0003f050: 7468 6520 6d61 696c 696e 6720 6c69 7374 the mailing list\n+0003f060: 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 . The following\n+0003f070: 2069 7320 6120 286d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 is a (most like\n+0003f080: 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 0a6c ly incomplete).l\n+0003f090: 6973 7420 6f66 2075 6e64 6f63 756d 656e ist of undocumen\n+0003f0a0: 7465 6420 6f72 2070 6f6f 726c 7920 646f ted or poorly do\n+0003f0b0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 cumented command\n+0003f0c0: 7320 616e 6420 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 s and not all of\n+0003f0d0: 2074 6865 6d0a 6172 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 them.are allowe\n+0003f0e0: 6420 666f 7220 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f d for all platfo\n+0003f0f0: 726d 732e 2020 5275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 rms. Running th\n+0003f100: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6865 6c70 2066 e command help f\n+0003f110: 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 0a47 rom within the.G\n+0003f120: 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 RUB shell may pr\n+0003f130: 6f76 6964 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 ovide more infor\n+0003f140: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7061 7261 6d65 mation on parame\n+0003f150: 7465 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7361 6765 2e0a ters and usage..\n+0003f160: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 6c6c 5f66 . ... ...all_f\n+0003f170: 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c5f 7465 7374 e280 unctional_test..\n+0003f180: 9920 2d20 5275 6e20 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 . - Run all func\n+0003f190: 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 tional tests.. \n+0003f1a0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6261 636b 7472 6163 ... ...backtrac\n+0003f1b0: 65e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 2062 6163 e... - Print bac\n+0003f1c0: 6b74 7261 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ktrace.. ... .\n+0003f1d0: 8098 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 ..boottime... - \n+0003f1e0: 5368 6f77 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2073 Show boot time s\n+0003f1f0: 7461 7469 7374 6963 732e 0a20 2020 e280 tatistics.. ..\n+0003f200: a220 e280 9863 6163 6865 696e 666f e280 . ...cacheinfo..\n+0003f210: 9920 2d20 4765 7420 6469 736b 2063 6163 . - Get disk cac\n+0003f220: 6865 2069 6e66 6f2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 he info.. ... \n+0003f230: e280 9863 626d 656d 63e2 8099 202d 2053 ...cbmemc... - S\n+0003f240: 686f 7720 4342 4d45 4d20 636f 6e73 6f6c how CBMEM consol\n+0003f250: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 742e 0a20 2020 e280 e content.. ..\n+0003f260: a220 e280 9863 6d6f 7373 6574 e280 9920 . ...cmosset... \n+0003f270: 2d20 5365 7420 6269 7420 6174 2042 5954 - Set bit at BYT\n+0003f280: 453a 4249 5420 696e 2043 4d4f 532e 0a20 E:BIT in CMOS.. \n+0003f290: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 6f72 6562 6f6f ... ...coreboo\n+0003f2a0: 745f 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 t_boottime... - \n+0003f2b0: 5368 6f77 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 626f Show coreboot bo\n+0003f2c0: 6f74 2074 696d 6520 7374 6174 6973 7469 ot time statisti\n+0003f2d0: 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6475 cs.. ... ...du\n+0003f2e0: 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 206d 656d mp... - Show mem\n+0003f2f0: 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2e0a 2020 ory contents.. \n+0003f300: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f6c ... ...efiemu_l\n+0003f310: 6f61 6463 6f72 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 oadcore... - Loa\n+0003f320: 6420 616e 6420 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 d and initialize\n+0003f330: 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 EFI emulator.. \n+0003f340: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f ... ...efiemu_\n+0003f350: 7072 6570 6172 65e2 8099 202d 2046 696e prepare... - Fin\n+0003f360: 616c 697a 6520 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 alize loading of\n+0003f370: 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 EFI emulator.. \n+0003f380: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f ... ...efiemu_\n+0003f390: 756e 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 556e 6c6f unload... - Unlo\n+0003f3a0: 6164 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e ad EFI emulator.\n+0003f3b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7869 74e2 . ... ...exit.\n+0003f3c0: 8099 202d 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 .. - Exit from G\n+0003f3d0: 5255 422e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 RUB.. ... ...e\n+0003f3e0: 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 xtract_entries_c\n+0003f3f0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 204c onfigfile... - L\n+0003f400: 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 oad another conf\n+0003f410: 6967 2066 696c 6520 6275 7420 7461 6b65 ig file but take\n+0003f420: 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 . only menu \n+0003f430: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 entries.. ... \n+0003f440: e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 ...extract_entri\n+0003f450: 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 204c es_source... - L\n+0003f460: 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 oad another conf\n+0003f470: 6967 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 6f75 740a ig file without.\n+0003f480: 2020 2020 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 636f changing co\n+0003f490: 6e74 6578 7420 6275 7420 7461 6b65 206f ntext but take o\n+0003f4a0: 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 nly menu entries\n+0003f4b0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 .. ... ...extr\n+0003f4c0: 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 act_legacy_entri\n+0003f4d0: 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 es_configfile...\n+0003f4e0: 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 - Parse legacy \n+0003f4f0: 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 770a 2020 config in new. \n+0003f500: 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e context takin\n+0003f510: 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 g only menu entr\n+0003f520: 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 ies. ... ...ex\n+0003f530: 7472 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 tract_legacy_ent\n+0003f540: 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d ries_source... -\n+0003f550: 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f Parse legacy co\n+0003f560: 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 nfig in same. \n+0003f570: 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 context taking\n+0003f580: 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 only menu entri\n+0003f590: 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 es. ... ...ext\n+0003f5a0: 7261 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 656e ract_syslinux_en\n+0003f5b0: 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 tries_configfile\n+0003f5c0: e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 ... - Execute sy\n+0003f5d0: 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e slinux config in\n+0003f5e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 . new contex\n+0003f5f0: 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 t taking only me\n+0003f600: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 nu entries. ..\n+0003f610: a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f73 7973 . ...extract_sys\n+0003f620: 6c69 6e75 785f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f linux_entries_so\n+0003f630: 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 urce... - Execut\n+0003f640: 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 e syslinux confi\n+0003f650: 6720 696e 2073 616d 650a 2020 2020 2063 g in same. c\n+0003f660: 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e ontext taking on\n+0003f670: 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a ly menu entries.\n+0003f680: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6661 6b65 6269 ... ...fakebi\n+0003f690: 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4372 6561 7465 2042 os... - Create B\n+0003f6a0: 494f 532d 6c69 6b65 2073 7472 7563 7475 IOS-like structu\n+0003f6b0: 7265 7320 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 res for backward\n+0003f6c0: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 0a20 compatibility. \n+0003f6d0: 2020 2020 7769 7468 2065 7869 7374 696e with existin\n+0003f6e0: 6720 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 g OS.. ... ...\n+0003f6f0: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4368 6563 6b20 file... - Check \n+0003f700: 6966 2046 494c 4520 6973 206f 6620 7370 if FILE is of sp\n+0003f710: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7479 7065 2e0a 2020 ecified type.. \n+0003f720: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 785f 7669 6465 ... ...fix_vide\n+0003f730: 6fe2 8099 202d 2046 6978 2076 6964 656f o... - Fix video\n+0003f740: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 problem.. ...\n+0003f750: 20e2 8098 6670 7377 61e2 8099 202d 2044 ...fpswa... - D\n+0003f760: 6973 706c 6179 2046 5053 5741 2076 6572 isplay FPSWA ver\n+0003f770: 7369 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 sion.. ... ...\n+0003f780: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 5f74 6573 74e2 functional_test.\n+0003f790: 8099 202d 2052 756e 2061 6c6c 206c 6f61 .. - Run all loa\n+0003f7a0: 6465 6420 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 ded functional t\n+0003f7b0: 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ests.. ... ...\n+0003f7c0: 6764 6273 7475 625f 6272 6561 6be2 8099 gdbstub_break...\n+0003f7d0: 202d 2042 7265 616b 2069 6e74 6f20 4744 - Break into GD\n+0003f7e0: 420a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 B. ... ...gdbs\n+0003f7f0: 7475 62e2 8099 202d 2053 7461 7274 2047 tub... - Start G\n+0003f800: 4442 2073 7475 6220 6f6e 2067 6976 656e DB stub on given\n+0003f810: 2070 6f72 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 port. ... ...\n+0003f820: 6764 6273 7475 625f 7374 6f70 e280 9920 gdbstub_stop... \n+0003f830: 2d20 5374 6f70 2047 4442 2073 7475 620a - Stop GDB stub.\n+0003f840: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6864 7061 726d ... ...hdparm\n+0003f850: e280 9920 2d20 4765 742f 7365 7420 4154 ... - Get/set AT\n+0003f860: 4120 6469 736b 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 A disk parameter\n+0003f870: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9868 6578 s.. ... ...hex\n+0003f880: 6475 6d70 5f72 616e 646f 6de2 8099 202d dump_random... -\n+0003f890: 2048 6578 6475 6d70 2072 616e 646f 6d20 Hexdump random \n+0003f8a0: 6461 7461 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 data.. ... ...\n+0003f8b0: 696e 62e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d inb... - Read 8-\n+0003f8c0: 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 bit value from P\n+0003f8d0: 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 ORT.. ... ...i\n+0003f8e0: 6e6c e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2033 322d nl... - Read 32-\n+0003f8f0: 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 bit value from P\n+0003f900: 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 ORT.. ... ...i\n+0003f910: 6e77 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2031 362d nw... - Read 16-\n+0003f920: 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 bit value from P\n+0003f930: 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986a ORT.. ... ...j\n+0003f940: 7065 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 pegtest... - Tes\n+0003f950: 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 4a50 ts loading of JP\n+0003f960: 4547 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 EG bitmap.. ..\n+0003f970: a220 e280 986b 6579 6d61 70e2 8099 202d . ...keymap... -\n+0003f980: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 Load a keyboard\n+0003f990: 206c 6179 6f75 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 layout.. ... \n+0003f9a0: e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 6368 6563 6b5f ...legacy_check_\n+0003f9b0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 password... - Si\n+0003f9c0: 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 mulate grub-lega\n+0003f9d0: 6379 2027 7061 7373 776f 7264 2720 636f cy 'password' co\n+0003f9e0: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6d65 mmand. in me\n+0003f9f0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206d 6f64 650a 2020 nu entry mode. \n+0003fa00: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 ... ...legacy_c\n+0003fa10: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 onfigfile... - P\n+0003fa20: 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 arse legacy conf\n+0003fa30: 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 ig in new contex\n+0003fa40: 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 t. ... ...lega\n+0003fa50: 6379 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 202d cy_password... -\n+0003fa60: 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c Simulate grub-l\n+0003fa70: 6567 6163 7920 2770 6173 7377 6f72 6427 egacy 'password'\n+0003fa80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 command. ... \n+0003fa90: e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 736f 7572 6365 ...legacy_source\n+0003faa0: e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 ... - Parse lega\n+0003fab0: 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d cy config in sam\n+0003fac0: 6520 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 e context. ...\n+0003fad0: 20e2 8098 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 e280 9920 ...loadbios... \n+0003fae0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2042 494f 5320 6475 6d70 - Load BIOS dump\n+0003faf0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6163 .. ... ...lsac\n+0003fb00: 7069 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 4350 pi... - Show ACP\n+0003fb10: 4920 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 I information.. \n+0003fb20: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7361 706d e280 ... ...lsapm..\n+0003fb30: 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 504d 2069 6e66 . - Show APM inf\n+0003fb40: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ormation.. ...\n+0003fb50: 20e2 8098 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 e280 ...lscoreboot..\n+0003fb60: 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f . - List coreboo\n+0003fb70: 7420 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 t tables.. ...\n+0003fb80: 20e2 8098 6c73 6465 76e2 8099 202d 204c ...lsdev... - L\n+0003fb90: 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 ist devices.. \n+0003fba0: e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 e280 9920 ... ...lsefi... \n+0003fbb0: 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6861 - Display EFI ha\n+0003fbc0: 6e64 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ndles.. ... ..\n+0003fbd0: 986c 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 .lsefimmap... - \n+0003fbe0: 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f Display EFI memo\n+0003fbf0: 7279 206d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ry map.. ... .\n+0003fc00: 8098 6c73 6566 6973 7973 7461 62e2 8099 ..lsefisystab...\n+0003fc10: 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2045 4649 2073 - Display EFI s\n+0003fc20: 7973 7465 6d20 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 ystem tables.. \n+0003fc30: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6d6d 6170 e280 ... ...lsmmap..\n+0003fc40: 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 206d 656d 6f72 7920 . - List memory \n+0003fc50: 6d61 7020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 map provided by \n+0003fc60: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 firmware.. ...\n+0003fc70: 20e2 8098 6c73 7063 69e2 8099 202d 204c ...lspci... - L\n+0003fc80: 6973 7420 5043 4920 6465 7669 6365 732e ist PCI devices.\n+0003fc90: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7373 616c . ... ...lssal\n+0003fca0: e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 5341 ... - Display SA\n+0003fcb0: 4c20 7379 7374 656d 2074 6162 6c65 2e0a L system table..\n+0003fcc0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7370 64e2 ... ...lsspd.\n+0003fcd0: 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 204d 656d 6f72 .. - Print Memor\n+0003fce0: 7920 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 y information.. \n+0003fcf0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6163 7070 6362 ... ...macppcb\n+0003fd00: 6c65 7373 e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 less... - Bless \n+0003fd10: 4449 5220 6f66 2048 4653 206f 7220 4846 DIR of HFS or HF\n+0003fd20: 532b 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 S+ partition for\n+0003fd30: 2050 5043 206d 6163 732e 0a20 2020 e280 PPC macs.. ..\n+0003fd40: a220 e280 986d 6163 7465 6c62 6c65 7373 . ...mactelbless\n+0003fd50: e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4649 4c45 ... - Bless FILE\n+0003fd60: 206f 6620 4846 5320 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 of HFS or HFS+ \n+0003fd70: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 696e partition for in\n+0003fd80: 7465 6c20 6d61 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 tel macs.. ...\n+0003fd90: 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e ...net_set_vlan\n+0003fda0: e280 9920 2d20 5365 7420 616e 2069 6e74 ... - Set an int\n+0003fdb0: 6572 6661 6365 2773 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 erface's vlan id\n+0003fdc0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 7462 .. ... ...outb\n+0003fdd0: e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 382d 6269 ... - Write 8-bi\n+0003fde0: 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e t VALUE to PORT.\n+0003fdf0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 6ce2 . ... ...outl.\n+0003fe00: 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 .. - Write 32-bi\n+0003fe10: 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e t VALUE to PORT.\n+0003fe20: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 77e2 . ... ...outw.\n+0003fe30: 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 .. - Write 16-bi\n+0003fe40: 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e t VALUE to PORT.\n+0003fe50: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 6369 6475 . ... ...pcidu\n+0003fe60: 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2072 6177 mp... - Show raw\n+0003fe70: 2064 756d 7020 6f66 2074 6865 2050 4349 dump of the PCI\n+0003fe80: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 configuration s\n+0003fe90: 7061 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 pace.. ... ...\n+0003fea0: 706e 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 pngtest... - Tes\n+0003feb0: 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 504e ts loading of PN\n+0003fec0: 4720 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 G bitmap.. ...\n+0003fed0: 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 ...read_byte...\n+0003fee0: 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 - Read 8-bit va\n+0003fef0: 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 lue from ADDR.. \n+0003ff00: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 645f 6477 ... ...read_dw\n+0003ff10: 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 3332 ord... - Read 32\n+0003ff20: 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 -bit value from \n+0003ff30: 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ADDR.. ... ...\n+0003ff40: 7265 6164 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 read_word... - R\n+0003ff50: 6561 6420 3136 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 ead 16-bit value\n+0003ff60: 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 from ADDR.. .\n+0003ff70: 80a2 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6369 e280 9920 .. ...setpci... \n+0003ff80: 2d20 4d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 2050 4349 - Manipulate PCI\n+0003ff90: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 devices.. ...\n+0003ffa0: 20e2 8098 7375 7370 656e 64e2 8099 202d ...suspend... -\n+0003ffb0: 2052 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2049 4545 4531 Return to IEEE1\n+0003ffc0: 3237 3520 7072 6f6d 7074 2e0a 2020 20e2 275 prompt.. .\n+0003ffd0: 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f63 .. ...syslinux_c\n+0003ffe0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2045 onfigfile... - E\n+0003fff0: 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 xecute syslinux \n+00040000: 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f config in new co\n+00040010: 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ntext. ... ...\n+00040020: 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 syslinux_source.\n+00040030: 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 .. - Execute sys\n+00040040: 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 linux config in \n+00040050: 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 same context. \n+00040060: e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 745f 626c 6f63 ... ...test_bloc\n+00040070: 6b61 7267 e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 karg... - Print \n+00040080: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6520 626c 6f63 and execute bloc\n+00040090: 6b20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2e2c 2030 0a20 k argument., 0. \n+000400a0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 746c 6f61 ... ...testloa\n+000400b0: 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 d... - Load the \n+000400c0: 7361 6d65 2066 696c 6520 696e 206d 756c same file in mul\n+000400d0: 7469 706c 6520 7761 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 tiple ways.. .\n+000400e0: 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 7374 7370 6565 64e2 .. ...testspeed.\n+000400f0: 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 6669 6c65 2072 .. - Test file r\n+00040100: 6561 6420 7370 6565 642e 0a20 2020 e280 ead speed.. ..\n+00040110: a220 e280 9874 6761 7465 7374 e280 9920 . ...tgatest... \n+00040120: 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 - Tests loading \n+00040130: 6f66 2054 4741 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 of TGA bitmap.. \n+00040140: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 696d 65e2 8099 ... ...time...\n+00040150: 202d 204d 6561 7375 7265 2074 696d 6520 - Measure time \n+00040160: 7573 6564 2062 7920 434f 4d4d 414e 440a used by COMMAND.\n+00040170: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 e280 9920 ... ...tr... \n+00040180: 2d20 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 5345 5431 - Translate SET1\n+00040190: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 746f 2053 characters to S\n+000401a0: 4554 3220 696e 2053 5452 494e 472e 0a20 ET2 in STRING.. \n+000401b0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9875 7362 e280 9920 ... ...usb... \n+000401c0: 2d20 5465 7374 2055 5342 2073 7570 706f - Test USB suppo\n+000401d0: 7274 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7662 rt.. ... ...vb\n+000401e0: 6569 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 einfo... - List \n+000401f0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 available video \n+00040200: 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c modes. If resol\n+00040210: 7574 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 0a20 ution is given. \n+00040220: 2020 2020 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c 7920 6d6f show only mo\n+00040230: 6465 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2069 742e des matching it.\n+00040240: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9876 6265 7465 . ... ...vbete\n+00040250: 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2076 6964 st... - Test vid\n+00040260: 656f 2073 7562 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 eo subsystem.. \n+00040270: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7669 6465 6f74 6573 ... ...videotes\n+00040280: 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 7669 6465 t... - Test vide\n+00040290: 6f20 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 206d o subsystem in m\n+000402a0: 6f64 6520 5778 482e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ode WxH.. ... \n+000402b0: e280 9877 7269 7465 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 ...write_byte...\n+000402c0: 202d 2057 7269 7465 2038 2d62 6974 2056 - Write 8-bit V\n+000402d0: 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 ALUE to ADDR.. \n+000402e0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f 6477 ... ...write_dw\n+000402f0: 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 ord... - Write 3\n+00040300: 322d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 2-bit VALUE to A\n+00040310: 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 DDR.. ... ...w\n+00040320: 7269 7465 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 rite_word... - W\n+00040330: 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 rite 16-bit VALU\n+00040340: 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 E to ADDR.. ..\n+00040350: a220 e280 9878 656e 5f63 6174 e280 9920 . ...xen_cat... \n+00040360: 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 656e 2073 746f 7261 - List Xen stora\n+00040370: 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 ge.. ... ...xe\n+00040380: 6e5f 6c73 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 n_ls... - List X\n+00040390: 656e 2073 746f 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 en storage.. .\n+000403a0: 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6465 7670 726f .. ...xnu_devpro\n+000403b0: 705f 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 p_load... - Load\n+000403c0: 2027 6465 7669 6365 2d70 726f 7065 7274 'device-propert\n+000403d0: 6965 7327 2064 756d 702e 0a20 2020 e280 ies' dump.. ..\n+000403e0: a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 . ...xnu_uuid...\n+000403f0: 202d 2054 7261 6e73 666f 726d 2036 342d - Transform 64-\n+00040400: 6269 7420 5555 4944 2074 6f20 666f 726d bit UUID to form\n+00040410: 6174 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 at suitable for \n+00040420: 584e 552e 2049 660a 2020 2020 202d 6c20 XNU. If. -l \n+00040430: 6973 2067 6976 656e 206b 6565 7020 6974 is given keep it\n+00040440: 206c 6f77 6572 6361 7365 2061 7320 646f lowercase as do\n+00040450: 6e65 2062 7920 626c 6b69 642e 0a20 2020 ne by blkid.. \n+00040460: e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 2d62 6f6f 7466 ... ...zfs-bootf\n+00040470: 73e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 205a 4653 s... - Print ZFS\n+00040480: 2d42 4f4f 5446 534f 424a 206f 7220 7374 -BOOTFSOBJ or st\n+00040490: 6f72 6520 6974 2069 6e74 6f20 5641 5249 ore it into VARI\n+000404a0: 4142 4c45 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a ABLE. ... ...z\n+000404b0: 6673 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e fsinfo... - Prin\n+000404c0: 7420 5a46 5320 696e 666f 2061 626f 7574 t ZFS info about\n+000404d0: 2044 4556 4943 452e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 DEVICE.. ... \n+000404e0: e280 987a 6673 6b65 79e2 8099 202d 2049 ...zfskey... - I\n+000404f0: 6d70 6f72 7420 5a46 5320 7772 6170 7069 mport ZFS wrappi\n+00040500: 6e67 206b 6579 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e ng key stored in\n+00040510: 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 FILE.....File: \n+00040520: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00040530: 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 : Internationali\n+00040540: 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 sation, Next: S\n+00040550: 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ecurity, Prev: \n+00040560: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2054 Commands, Up: T\n+00040570: 6f70 0a0a 3138 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 op..18 Internati\n+00040580: 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a onalisation.****\n+00040590: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000405a0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a31 382e 3120 4368 6172 7365 ***..18.1 Charse\n+000405b0: 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a t.============..\n+000405c0: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 5554 462d 3820 GRUB uses UTF-8 \n+000405d0: 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 206f 7468 6572 internally other\n+000405e0: 2074 6861 6e20 696e 2072 656e 6465 7269 than in renderi\n+000405f0: 6e67 2077 6865 7265 2073 6f6d 650a 4752 ng where some.GR\n+00040600: 5542 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6170 7072 UB-specific appr\n+00040610: 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7265 7072 6573 656e opriate represen\n+00040620: 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2e20 tation is used. \n+00040630: 2041 6c6c 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 730a All text files.\n+00040640: 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 (including confi\n+00040650: 6729 2061 7265 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 g) are assumed t\n+00040660: 6f20 6265 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 2069 6e20 o be encoded in \n+00040670: 5554 462d 382e 0a0a 3138 2e32 2046 696c UTF-8...18.2 Fil\n+00040680: 6573 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d esystems.=======\n+00040690: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4e 5446 532c =========..NTFS,\n+000406a0: 204a 4653 2c20 5544 462c 2048 4653 2b2c JFS, UDF, HFS+,\n+000406b0: 2065 7846 4154 2c20 6c6f 6e67 2066 696c exFAT, long fil\n+000406c0: 656e 616d 6573 2069 6e20 4641 542c 204a enames in FAT, J\n+000406d0: 6f6c 6965 7420 7061 7274 206f 660a 4953 oliet part of.IS\n+000406e0: 4f39 3636 3020 6172 6520 7472 6561 7465 O9660 are treate\n+000406f0: 6420 6173 2055 5446 2d31 3620 6173 2070 d as UTF-16 as p\n+00040700: 6572 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e er specification\n+00040710: 2e20 2041 4653 2061 6e64 2042 4653 2061 . AFS and BFS a\n+00040720: 7265 0a72 6561 6420 6173 2055 5446 2d38 re.read as UTF-8\n+00040730: 2c20 6167 6169 6e20 6163 636f 7264 696e , again accordin\n+00040740: 6720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 g to specificati\n+00040750: 6f6e 2e20 2042 7472 4653 2c20 6370 696f on. BtrFS, cpio\n+00040760: 2c20 7461 722c 0a73 7175 6173 6834 2c20 , tar,.squash4, \n+00040770: 6d69 6e69 782c 206d 696e 6978 322c 206d minix, minix2, m\n+00040780: 696e 6978 332c 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 5265 inix3, ROMFS, Re\n+00040790: 6973 6572 4653 2c20 5846 532c 2065 7874 iserFS, XFS, ext\n+000407a0: 322c 2065 7874 332c 2065 7874 342c 0a46 2, ext3, ext4,.F\n+000407b0: 4154 2028 7368 6f72 7420 6e61 6d65 7329 AT (short names)\n+000407c0: 2c20 4632 4653 2c20 526f 636b 5269 6467 , F2FS, RockRidg\n+000407d0: 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 4953 4f39 3636 e part of ISO966\n+000407e0: 302c 206e 696c 6673 322c 2055 4653 312c 0, nilfs2, UFS1,\n+000407f0: 2055 4653 320a 616e 6420 5a46 5320 6172 UFS2.and ZFS ar\n+00040800: 6520 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 e assumed to be \n+00040810: 5554 462d 382e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6967 UTF-8. This mig\n+00040820: 6874 2062 6520 6661 6c73 6520 6f6e 2073 ht be false on s\n+00040830: 7973 7465 6d73 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 ystems.configure\n+00040840: 6420 7769 7468 206c 6567 6163 7920 6368 d with legacy ch\n+00040850: 6172 7365 7420 6275 7420 6173 206c 6f6e arset but as lon\n+00040860: 6720 6173 2074 6865 2063 6861 7273 6574 g as the charset\n+00040870: 2075 7365 6420 6973 0a73 7570 6572 7365 used is.superse\n+00040880: 7420 6f66 2041 5343 4949 2079 6f75 2073 t of ASCII you s\n+00040890: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f hould be able to\n+000408a0: 2061 6363 6573 7320 4153 4349 492d 6e61 access ASCII-na\n+000408b0: 6d65 6420 6669 6c65 732e 2020 416e 640a med files. 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Serial i\n+000417e0: 6e70 7574 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c nput is currentl\n+000417f0: 790a 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 666f 7220 6c61 y.limited for la\n+00041800: 7469 6e31 2028 756e 6c69 6b65 6c79 2074 tin1 (unlikely t\n+00041810: 6f20 6368 616e 6765 292e 2020 4f77 6e20 o change). Own \n+00041820: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 keyboard impleme\n+00041830: 6e74 6174 696f 6e73 0a28 6174 5f6b 6579 ntations.(at_key\n+00041840: 626f 6172 6420 616e 6420 7573 625f 6b65 board and usb_ke\n+00041850: 7962 6f61 7264 2920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 yboard) supports\n+00041860: 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2062 7574 2077 6f72 any key but wor\n+00041870: 6b20 6f6e 0a6f 6e65 2d63 6861 722d 7065 k on.one-char-pe\n+00041880: 722d 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 652e 2020 536f r-keystroke. So\n+00041890: 206e 6f20 6465 6164 206b 6579 7320 6f72 no dead keys or\n+000418a0: 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 696e 7075 7420 advanced input \n+000418b0: 6d65 7468 6f64 2e20 2041 6c73 6f0a 7468 method. Also.th\n+000418c0: 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6b65 796d 6170 ere is no keymap\n+000418d0: 2063 6861 6e67 6520 686f 746b 6579 2e20 change hotkey. \n+000418e0: 2049 6e20 7072 6163 7469 6365 2069 7420 In practice it \n+000418f0: 6d61 6b65 7320 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 makes difficult \n+00041900: 746f 0a65 6e74 6572 2061 6e79 2074 6578 to.enter any tex\n+00041910: 7420 7573 696e 6720 6e6f 6e2d 4c61 7469 t using non-Lati\n+00041920: 6e20 616c 7068 6162 6574 2e20 204d 6f72 n alphabet. 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Moreover \n+00041aa0: 7468 6520 636c 6173 7365 7320 6c69 6b65 the classes like\n+00041ab0: 0a5b 3a61 6c70 6861 3a5d 206d 6174 6368 .[:alpha:] match\n+00041ac0: 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 4920 7375 6273 only ASCII subs\n+00041ad0: 6574 2e0a 0a31 382e 3720 4f74 6865 720a et...18.7 Other.\n+00041ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4375 7272 ==========..Curr\n+00041af0: 656e 746c 7920 4752 5542 2061 6c77 6179 ently GRUB alway\n+00041b00: 7320 7573 6573 2059 4541 522d 4d4f 4e54 s uses YEAR-MONT\n+00041b10: 482d 4441 5920 484f 5552 3a4d 494e 5554 H-DAY HOUR:MINUT\n+00041b20: 453a 5345 434f 4e44 205b 5745 454b 4441 E:SECOND [WEEKDA\n+00041b30: 595d 0a32 342d 686f 7572 2064 6174 6574 Y].24-hour datet\n+00041b40: 696d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2062 7574 2077 ime format but w\n+00041b50: 6565 6b64 6179 7320 6172 6520 7472 616e eekdays are tran\n+00041b60: 736c 6174 6564 2e20 2047 5255 4220 616c slated. GRUB al\n+00041b70: 7761 7973 2075 7365 730a 7468 6520 6465 ways uses.the de\n+00041b80: 6369 6d61 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 2066 6f72 cimal number for\n+00041b90: 6d61 7420 7769 7468 205b 302d 395d 2061 mat with [0-9] a\n+00041ba0: 7320 6469 6769 7473 2061 6e64 202e 2020 s digits and . \n+00041bb0: 6173 2064 6573 6369 6d61 6c0a 7365 7061 as descimal.sepa\n+00041bc0: 7261 746f 7220 616e 6420 6e6f 2067 726f rator and no gro\n+00041bd0: 7570 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2e20 2049 up separator. I\n+00041be0: 4545 4531 3237 3520 616c 6961 7365 7320 EEE1275 aliases \n+00041bf0: 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 640a 6361 7365 are matched.case\n+00041c00: 2d69 6e73 656e 7369 7469 7665 6c79 2065 -insensitively e\n+00041c10: 7863 6570 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 xcept non-ASCII \n+00041c20: 7768 6963 6820 6973 206d 6174 6368 6564 which is matched\n+00041c30: 2061 7320 6269 6e61 7279 2e20 2053 696d as binary. Sim\n+00041c40: 696c 6172 0a62 6568 6176 696f 7572 2069 ilar.behaviour i\n+00041c50: 7320 666f 7220 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 204f s for matching O\n+00041c60: 5342 756e 646c 6552 6571 7569 7265 642e SBundleRequired.\n+00041c70: 2020 5369 6e63 6520 4945 4545 3132 3735 Since IEEE1275\n+00041c80: 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2061 6e64 0a4f 5342 aliases and.OSB\n+00041c90: 756e 646c 6552 6571 7569 7265 6420 646f undleRequired do\n+00041ca0: 6e27 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616e 7920 n't contain any \n+00041cb0: 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 6974 2073 686f non-ASCII it sho\n+00041cc0: 756c 6420 6e65 7665 7220 6265 2061 0a70 uld never be a.p\n+00041cd0: 726f 626c 656d 2069 6e20 7072 6163 7469 roblem in practi\n+00041ce0: 6365 2e20 2043 6173 652d 7365 6e73 6974 ce. Case-sensit\n+00041cf0: 6976 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 ive identifiers \n+00041d00: 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 6420 6173 2072 are matched as r\n+00041d10: 6177 0a73 7472 696e 6773 2c20 6e6f 2063 aw.strings, no c\n+00041d20: 616e 6f6e 6963 616c 2065 7175 6976 616c anonical equival\n+00041d30: 656e 6365 2063 6865 636b 2069 7320 7065 ence check is pe\n+00041d40: 7266 6f72 6d65 642e 2020 4361 7365 2d69 rformed. Case-i\n+00041d50: 6e73 656e 7374 6976 650a 6964 656e 7469 nsenstive.identi\n+00041d60: 6669 6572 7320 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 fiers are matche\n+00041d70: 6420 6173 2052 4157 2062 7574 2061 6464 d as RAW but add\n+00041d80: 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 5b61 2d7a 5d20 itionally [a-z] \n+00041d90: 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f is equivalent to\n+00041da0: 0a5b 412d 5a5d 2e20 4752 5542 2d64 6566 .[A-Z]. GRUB-def\n+00041db0: 696e 6564 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 ined identifiers\n+00041dc0: 2075 7365 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 4920 use only ASCII \n+00041dd0: 616e 6420 736f 2073 686f 756c 640a 7573 and so should.us\n+00041de0: 6572 2d64 6566 696e 6564 206f 6e65 732e er-defined ones.\n+00041df0: 2020 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 636f Identifiers co\n+00041e00: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 ntaining non-ASC\n+00041e10: 4949 206d 6179 2077 6f72 6b20 6275 7420 II may work but \n+00041e20: 6172 656e 2774 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 aren't.supported\n+00041e30: 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 4153 4349 . Only the ASCI\n+00041e40: 4920 7370 6163 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 I space characte\n+00041e50: 7273 2028 7370 6163 6520 552b 3030 3230 rs (space U+0020\n+00041e60: 2c20 7461 6220 552b 3030 3062 2c0a 4352 , tab U+000b,.CR\n+00041e70: 2055 2b30 3030 6420 616e 6420 4c46 2055 U+000d and LF U\n+00041e80: 2b30 3030 6129 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 +000a) are recog\n+00041e90: 6e69 7365 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 756e nised. Other un\n+00041ea0: 6963 6f64 6520 7370 6163 6520 6368 6172 icode space char\n+00041eb0: 6163 7465 7273 0a61 7265 6e27 7420 6120 acters.aren't a \n+00041ec0: 7661 6c69 6420 6669 656c 6420 7365 7061 valid field sepa\n+00041ed0: 7261 746f 722e 2020 e280 9874 6573 74e2 rator. ...test.\n+00041ee0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 7374 3a3a .. (*note test::\n+00041ef0: 2920 7465 7374 7320 3c2c 203e 2c20 3c3d ) tests <, >, <=\n+00041f00: 2c0a 3e3d 2c20 2d70 6774 2061 6e64 202d ,.>=, -pgt and -\n+00041f10: 706c 7420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6520 plt compare the \n+00041f20: 7374 7269 6e67 7320 696e 2074 6865 206c strings in the l\n+00041f30: 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 206f exicographical o\n+00041f40: 7264 6572 206f 660a 756e 6963 6f64 6520 rder of.unicode \n+00041f50: 636f 6465 706f 696e 7473 2c20 7265 706c codepoints, repl\n+00041f60: 6963 6174 696e 6720 7468 6520 6265 6861 icating the beha\n+00041f70: 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6573 7420 6672 viour of test fr\n+00041f80: 6f6d 2063 6f72 6575 7469 6c73 2e0a 656e om coreutils..en\n+00041f90: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00041fa0: 6c65 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 les and commands\n+00041fb0: 2061 7265 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 2074 are listed in t\n+00041fc0: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6f72 6465 722e 0a0a he same order...\n+00041fd0: 1f0a 4669 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Boo\n+000420c0: 7469 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 ting digitally s\n+000420d0: 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 0a2a 2055 4546 igned code.* UEF\n+000420e0: 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e I secure boot an\n+000420f0: 6420 7368 696d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d shim:: \n+00042100: 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c6c Booting digitall\n+00042110: 7920 7369 676e 6564 2050 4520 6669 6c65 y signed PE file\n+00042120: 730a 2a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 s.* Secure Boot \n+00042130: 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 Advanced Targeti\n+00042140: 6e67 3a3a 2020 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 ng:: Embedded \n+00042150: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 information for \n+00042160: 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 generation numbe\n+00042170: 7220 6261 7365 6420 7265 766f 6361 7469 r based revocati\n+00042180: 6f6e 0a2a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f on.* Measured Bo\n+00042190: 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot:: \n+000421a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d65 6173 7572 696e Measurin\n+000421b0: 6720 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 g boot component\n+000421c0: 730a 2a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 2020 s.* Lockdown:: \n 000421d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000421e0: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 7768 656e 2062 Lockdown when b\n-000421f0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 206f 6e20 6120 7365 6375 ooting on a secu\n-00042200: 7265 2073 6574 7570 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 re setup....File\n-00042210: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00042220: 6465 3a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 de: Authenticati\n-00042230: 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 on and authorisa\n-00042240: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2055 7369 tion, Next: Usi\n-00042250: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ng digital signa\n-00042260: 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 tures, Up: Secu\n-00042270: 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e31 2041 7574 6865 rity..19.1 Authe\n-00042280: 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 ntication and au\n-00042290: 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2047 thorisation in G\n-000422a0: 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d RUB.============\n+000421e0: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 Lockdown \n+000421f0: 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 206f 6e20 when booting on \n+00042200: 6120 7365 6375 7265 2073 6574 7570 0a0a a secure setup..\n+00042210: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00042220: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4175 7468 656e o, Node: Authen\n+00042230: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 tication and aut\n+00042240: 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 horisation, Nex\n+00042250: 743a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c t: Using digital\n+00042260: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 signatures, Up\n+00042270: 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e31 : Security..19.1\n+00042280: 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 Authentication \n+00042290: 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f and authorisatio\n+000422a0: 6e20 696e 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d n in GRUB.======\n 000422b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000422c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000422d0: 3d0a 0a42 7920 6465 6661 756c 742c 2074 =..By default, t\n-000422e0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2069 he boot loader i\n-000422f0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 7320 6163 6365 nterface is acce\n-00042300: 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 616e 796f 6e65 ssible to anyone\n-00042310: 2077 6974 680a 7068 7973 6963 616c 2061 with.physical a\n-00042320: 6363 6573 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e ccess to the con\n-00042330: 736f 6c65 3a20 616e 796f 6e65 2063 616e sole: anyone can\n-00042340: 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 6420 6564 6974 select and edit\n-00042350: 2061 6e79 206d 656e 750a 656e 7472 792c any menu.entry,\n-00042360: 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 and anyone can \n-00042370: 6765 7420 6469 7265 6374 2061 6363 6573 get direct acces\n-00042380: 7320 746f 2061 2047 5255 4220 7368 656c s to a GRUB shel\n-00042390: 6c20 7072 6f6d 7074 2e20 2046 6f72 0a6d l prompt. For.m\n-000423a0: 6f73 7420 7379 7374 656d 732c 2074 6869 ost systems, thi\n-000423b0: 7320 6973 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 s is reasonable \n-000423c0: 7369 6e63 6520 616e 796f 6e65 2077 6974 since anyone wit\n-000423d0: 6820 6469 7265 6374 2070 6879 7369 6361 h direct physica\n-000423e0: 6c0a 6163 6365 7373 2068 6173 2061 2076 l.access has a v\n-000423f0: 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 6f74 6865 7220 ariety of other \n-00042400: 7761 7973 2074 6f20 6761 696e 2066 756c ways to gain ful\n-00042410: 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2c20 616e 6420 7265 l access, and re\n-00042420: 7175 6972 696e 670a 6175 7468 656e 7469 quiring.authenti\n-00042430: 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 7420 7468 6520 626f cation at the bo\n-00042440: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 ot loader level \n-00042450: 776f 756c 6420 6f6e 6c79 2073 6572 7665 would only serve\n-00042460: 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 740a 6469 6666 to make it.diff\n-00042470: 6963 756c 7420 746f 2072 6563 6f76 6572 icult to recover\n-00042480: 2062 726f 6b65 6e20 7379 7374 656d 732e broken systems.\n-00042490: 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 696e .. However, in\n-000424a0: 2073 6f6d 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e some environmen\n-000424b0: 7473 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 6b69 6f73 ts, such as kios\n-000424c0: 6b73 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 6170 ks, it may be ap\n-000424d0: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 650a 746f 206c 6f63 propriate.to loc\n-000424e0: 6b20 646f 776e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 k down the boot \n-000424f0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6f20 7265 7175 6972 loader to requir\n-00042500: 6520 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e e authentication\n-00042510: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d69 before performi\n-00042520: 6e67 0a63 6572 7461 696e 206f 7065 7261 ng.certain opera\n-00042530: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 tions... The .\n-00042540: 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 282a ..password... (*\n-00042550: 6e6f 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 3a29 note password::)\n-00042560: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 and ...password\n-00042570: 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 _pbkdf2... (*not\n-00042580: 650a 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 e.password_pbkdf\n-00042590: 323a 3a29 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6361 2::) commands ca\n-000425a0: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2064 6566 n be used to def\n-000425b0: 696e 6520 7573 6572 732c 2065 6163 6820 ine users, each \n-000425c0: 6f66 2077 6869 6368 0a68 6173 2061 6e20 of which.has an \n-000425d0: 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 2070 6173 7377 associated passw\n-000425e0: 6f72 642e 2020 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 ord. ...passwor\n-000425f0: 64e2 8099 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 7061 d... sets the pa\n-00042600: 7373 776f 7264 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 ssword in plain \n-00042610: 7465 7874 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 696e 6720 text,.requiring \n-00042620: e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2074 ...grub.cfg... t\n-00042630: 6f20 6265 2073 6563 7572 653b 20e2 8098 o be secure; ...\n-00042640: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 password_pbkdf2.\n-00042650: 8099 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 7061 7373 .. sets the pass\n-00042660: 776f 7264 0a68 6173 6865 6420 7573 696e word.hashed usin\n-00042670: 6720 7468 6520 5061 7373 776f 7264 2d42 g the Password-B\n-00042680: 6173 6564 204b 6579 2044 6572 6976 6174 ased Key Derivat\n-00042690: 696f 6e20 4675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2028 5246 ion Function (RF\n-000426a0: 4320 3238 3938 292c 0a72 6571 7569 7269 C 2898),.requiri\n-000426b0: 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7365 206f 6620 e280 ng the use of ..\n-000426c0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 .grub-mkpasswd-p\n-000426d0: 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 bkdf2... (*note \n-000426e0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking.grub-mk\n-000426f0: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a29 passwd-pbkdf2::)\n-00042700: 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 to generate pas\n-00042710: 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2e0a 0a20 sword hashes... \n-00042720: 2020 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 656e In order to en\n-00042730: 6162 6c65 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 able authenticat\n-00042740: 696f 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 742c 2074 6865 ion support, the\n-00042750: 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 ...superusers..\n-00042760: 990a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 ..environment va\n-00042770: 7269 6162 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 riable must be s\n-00042780: 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 et to a list of \n-00042790: 7573 6572 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 6570 6172 usernames, separ\n-000427a0: 6174 6564 2062 790a 616e 7920 6f66 2073 ated by.any of s\n-000427b0: 7061 6365 732c 2063 6f6d 6d61 732c 2073 paces, commas, s\n-000427c0: 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 732c 2070 6970 6573 emicolons, pipes\n-000427d0: 2c20 6f72 2061 6d70 6572 7361 6e64 732e , or ampersands.\n-000427e0: 2020 5375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2061 7265 Superusers are\n-000427f0: 0a70 6572 6d69 7474 6564 2074 6f20 7573 .permitted to us\n-00042800: 6520 7468 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 e the GRUB comma\n-00042810: 6e64 206c 696e 652c 2065 6469 7420 6d65 nd line, edit me\n-00042820: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 nu entries, and \n-00042830: 6578 6563 7574 650a 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 execute.any menu\n-00042840: 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 6620 e280 9873 entry. If ...s\n-00042850: 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2069 7320 uperusers... is \n-00042860: 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 7573 6520 6f66 set, then use of\n-00042870: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e the command lin\n-00042880: 650a 616e 6420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 e.and editing of\n-00042890: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6172 menu entries ar\n-000428a0: 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 e automatically \n-000428b0: 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 2074 6f20 7375 restricted to su\n-000428c0: 7065 7275 7365 7273 2e0a 5365 7474 696e perusers..Settin\n-000428d0: 6720 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 g ...superusers.\n-000428e0: 8099 2074 6f20 656d 7074 7920 7374 7269 .. to empty stri\n-000428f0: 6e67 2065 6666 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2064 ng effectively d\n-00042900: 6973 6162 6c65 7320 626f 7468 2061 6363 isables both acc\n-00042910: 6573 7320 746f 0a43 4c49 2061 6e64 2065 ess to.CLI and e\n-00042920: 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2065 diting of menu e\n-00042930: 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 2054 ntries. Note: T\n-00042940: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 he environment v\n-00042950: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e65 6564 730a 746f ariable needs.to\n-00042960: 2062 6520 6578 706f 7274 6564 2074 6f20 be exported to \n-00042970: 616c 736f 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 also affect the \n-00042980: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e65 6420 section defined \n-00042990: 6279 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7375 626d 656e by the ...submen\n-000429a0: 75e2 8099 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e u....command (*n\n-000429b0: 6f74 6520 7375 626d 656e 753a 3a29 2e0a ote submenu::)..\n-000429c0: 0a20 2020 4f74 6865 7220 7573 6572 7320 . Other users \n-000429d0: 6d61 7920 6265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2074 may be allowed t\n-000429e0: 6f20 6578 6563 7574 6520 7370 6563 6966 o execute specif\n-000429f0: 6963 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 ic menu entries \n-00042a00: 6279 2067 6976 696e 670a 6120 6c69 7374 by giving.a list\n-00042a10: 206f 6620 7573 6572 6e61 6d65 7320 2861 of usernames (a\n-00042a20: 7320 6162 6f76 6529 2075 7369 6e67 2074 s above) using t\n-00042a30: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 8099 he ...--users...\n-00042a40: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 0ae2 option to the..\n-00042a50: 8098 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 79e2 8099 2063 ..menuentry... c\n-00042a60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6d65 ommand (*note me\n-00042a70: 6e75 656e 7472 793a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 nuentry::). If \n-00042a80: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 the ...--unrestr\n-00042a90: 6963 7465 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e0a icted... option.\n-00042aa0: 6973 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 6d65 is used for a me\n-00042ab0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7468 656e 2074 nu entry, then t\n-00042ac0: 6861 7420 656e 7472 7920 6973 2075 6e72 hat entry is unr\n-00042ad0: 6573 7472 6963 7465 642e 2020 4966 2074 estricted. If t\n-00042ae0: 6865 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 8099 he....--users...\n-00042af0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 2075 option is not u\n-00042b00: 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 sed for a menu e\n-00042b10: 6e74 7279 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6861 7420 ntry, then that \n-00042b20: 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a only superusers.\n-00042b30: 6172 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7573 6520 are able to use \n-00042b40: 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 it... Putting \n-00042b50: 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2061 this together, a\n-00042b60: 2074 7970 6963 616c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 typical ...grub\n-00042b70: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6672 6167 6d65 6e74 .cfg... fragment\n-00042b80: 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 might look like\n-00042b90: 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 .this:.. set\n-00042ba0: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 733d 2272 6f6f superusers=\"roo\n-00042bb0: 7422 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 t\". password\n-00042bc0: 5f70 626b 6466 3220 726f 6f74 2067 7275 _pbkdf2 root gru\n-00042bd0: 622e 7062 6b64 6632 2e73 6861 3531 322e b.pbkdf2.sha512.\n-00042be0: 3130 3030 302e 6269 676c 6f6e 6773 7472 10000.biglongstr\n-00042bf0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ing. passwor\n-00042c00: 6420 7573 6572 3120 696e 7365 6375 7265 d user1 insecure\n-00042c10: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-00042c20: 2022 4d61 7920 6265 2072 756e 2062 7920 \"May be run by \n-00042c30: 616e 7920 7573 6572 2220 2d2d 756e 7265 any user\" --unre\n-00042c40: 7374 7269 6374 6564 207b 0a20 2020 2020 stricted {. \n-00042c50: 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 .set root=(hd0,1\n-00042c60: 290a 2020 2020 2009 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 ). .linux /v\n-00042c70: 6d6c 696e 757a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 mlinuz. }.. \n-00042c80: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2253 menuentry \"S\n-00042c90: 7570 6572 7573 6572 7320 6f6e 6c79 2220 uperusers only\" \n-00042ca0: 2d2d 7573 6572 7320 2222 207b 0a20 2020 --users \"\" {. \n-00042cb0: 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 .set root=(hd0\n-00042cc0: 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2009 6c69 6e75 7820 ,1). .linux \n-00042cd0: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2073 696e 676c 650a /vmlinuz single.\n-00042ce0: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n-00042cf0: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4d61 7920 6265 2072 uentry \"May be r\n-00042d00: 756e 2062 7920 7573 6572 3120 6f72 2061 un by user1 or a\n-00042d10: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 2220 2d2d 7573 superuser\" --us\n-00042d20: 6572 7320 7573 6572 3120 7b0a 2020 2020 ers user1 {. \n-00042d30: 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c .set root=(hd0,\n-00042d40: 3229 0a20 2020 2020 0963 6861 696e 6c6f 2). .chainlo\n-00042d50: 6164 6572 202b 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a ader +1. }..\n-00042d60: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d The ...grub-m\n-00042d70: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2070 726f 6772 kconfig... progr\n-00042d80: 616d 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 am does not yet \n-00042d90: 6861 7665 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 7375 have built-in su\n-00042da0: 7070 6f72 7420 666f 720a 6765 6e65 7261 pport for.genera\n-00042db0: 7469 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ting configurati\n-00042dc0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2077 6974 6820 6175 on files with au\n-00042dd0: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2059 thentication. Y\n-00042de0: 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0ae2 8098 2f65 ou can use..../e\n-00042df0: 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 tc/grub.d/40_cus\n-00042e00: 746f 6de2 8099 2074 6f20 6164 6420 7369 tom... to add si\n-00042e10: 6d70 6c65 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 2061 mple superuser a\n-00042e20: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e2c 2062 uthentication, b\n-00042e30: 790a 6164 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 7365 7420 y.adding ...set \n-00042e40: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3de2 8099 2061 superusers=... a\n-00042e50: 6e64 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 nd ...password..\n-00042e60: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 . or ...password\n-00042e70: 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 _pbkdf2... comma\n-00042e80: 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 nds.....File: gr\n-00042e90: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00042ea0: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n-00042eb0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a gnatures, Next:\n-00042ec0: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI secure boo\n-00042ed0: 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 2050 7265 t and shim, Pre\n-00042ee0: 763a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f v: Authenticatio\n-00042ef0: 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 n and authorisat\n-00042f00: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 ion, Up: Securi\n-00042f10: 7479 0a0a 3139 2e32 2055 7369 6e67 2064 ty..19.2 Using d\n-00042f20: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n-00042f30: 7320 696e 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s in GRUB.======\n+000422d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 7920 6465 6661 =======..By defa\n+000422e0: 756c 742c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ult, the boot lo\n+000422f0: 6164 6572 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 ader interface i\n+00042300: 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 s accessible to \n+00042310: 616e 796f 6e65 2077 6974 680a 7068 7973 anyone with.phys\n+00042320: 6963 616c 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2074 ical access to t\n+00042330: 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 3a20 616e 796f he console: anyo\n+00042340: 6e65 2063 616e 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e ne can select an\n+00042350: 6420 6564 6974 2061 6e79 206d 656e 750a d edit any menu.\n+00042360: 656e 7472 792c 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 6f6e entry, and anyon\n+00042370: 6520 6361 6e20 6765 7420 6469 7265 6374 e can get direct\n+00042380: 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2061 2047 5255 access to a GRU\n+00042390: 4220 7368 656c 6c20 7072 6f6d 7074 2e20 B shell prompt. \n+000423a0: 2046 6f72 0a6d 6f73 7420 7379 7374 656d For.most system\n+000423b0: 732c 2074 6869 7320 6973 2072 6561 736f s, this is reaso\n+000423c0: 6e61 626c 6520 7369 6e63 6520 616e 796f nable since anyo\n+000423d0: 6e65 2077 6974 6820 6469 7265 6374 2070 ne with direct p\n+000423e0: 6879 7369 6361 6c0a 6163 6365 7373 2068 hysical.access h\n+000423f0: 6173 2061 2076 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 as a variety of \n+00042400: 6f74 6865 7220 7761 7973 2074 6f20 6761 other ways to ga\n+00042410: 696e 2066 756c 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2c20 in full access, \n+00042420: 616e 6420 7265 7175 6972 696e 670a 6175 and requiring.au\n+00042430: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 7420 thentication at \n+00042440: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 the boot loader \n+00042450: 6c65 7665 6c20 776f 756c 6420 6f6e 6c79 level would only\n+00042460: 2073 6572 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 serve to make i\n+00042470: 740a 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 746f 2072 t.difficult to r\n+00042480: 6563 6f76 6572 2062 726f 6b65 6e20 7379 ecover broken sy\n+00042490: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 stems... Howev\n+000424a0: 6572 2c20 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 656e 7669 er, in some envi\n+000424b0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 7375 6368 2061 ronments, such a\n+000424c0: 7320 6b69 6f73 6b73 2c20 6974 206d 6179 s kiosks, it may\n+000424d0: 2062 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 650a be appropriate.\n+000424e0: 746f 206c 6f63 6b20 646f 776e 2074 6865 to lock down the\n+000424f0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6f20 boot loader to \n+00042500: 7265 7175 6972 6520 6175 7468 656e 7469 require authenti\n+00042510: 6361 7469 6f6e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7065 cation before pe\n+00042520: 7266 6f72 6d69 6e67 0a63 6572 7461 696e rforming.certain\n+00042530: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 operations... \n+00042540: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 The ...password\n+00042550: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 6173 7377 ... 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(\n+000426e0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 *note Invoking.g\n+000426f0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n+00042700: 6466 323a 3a29 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 df2::) to genera\n+00042710: 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 te password hash\n+00042720: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 206f 7264 6572 es... 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I\n+00042850: 6620 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 f ...superusers.\n+00042860: 8099 2069 7320 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 .. is set, then \n+00042870: 7573 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 use of the comma\n+00042880: 6e64 206c 696e 650a 616e 6420 6564 6974 nd line.and edit\n+00042890: 696e 6720 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ing of menu entr\n+000428a0: 6965 7320 6172 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 ies are automati\n+000428b0: 6361 6c6c 7920 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 cally restricted\n+000428c0: 2074 6f20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2e0a to superusers..\n+000428d0: 5365 7474 696e 6720 e280 9873 7570 6572 Setting ...super\n+000428e0: 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2074 6f20 656d 7074 users... to empt\n+000428f0: 7920 7374 7269 6e67 2065 6666 6563 7469 y string effecti\n+00042900: 7665 6c79 2064 6973 6162 6c65 7320 626f vely disables bo\n+00042910: 7468 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 0a43 4c49 th access to.CLI\n+00042920: 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 and editing of \n+00042930: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 204e menu entries. N\n+00042940: 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e ote: The environ\n+00042950: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e65 ment variable ne\n+00042960: 6564 730a 746f 2062 6520 6578 706f 7274 eds.to be export\n+00042970: 6564 2074 6f20 616c 736f 2061 6666 6563 ed to also affec\n+00042980: 7420 7468 6520 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6465 t the section de\n+00042990: 6669 6e65 6420 6279 2074 6865 20e2 8098 fined by the ...\n+000429a0: 7375 626d 656e 75e2 8099 0a63 6f6d 6d61 submenu....comma\n+000429b0: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 626d 656e nd (*note submen\n+000429c0: 753a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f74 6865 7220 u::)... 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If the ...--u\n+00042a90: 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 206f nrestricted... o\n+00042aa0: 7074 696f 6e0a 6973 2075 7365 6420 666f ption.is used fo\n+00042ab0: 7220 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 r a menu entry, \n+00042ac0: 7468 656e 2074 6861 7420 656e 7472 7920 then that entry \n+00042ad0: 6973 2075 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 642e is unrestricted.\n+00042ae0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7573 If the....--us\n+00042af0: 6572 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 ers... option is\n+00042b00: 206e 6f74 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 not used for a \n+00042b10: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7468 656e menu entry, then\n+00042b20: 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 6572 that only super\n+00042b30: 7573 6572 730a 6172 6520 6162 6c65 2074 users.are able t\n+00042b40: 6f20 7573 6520 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 5075 o use it... Pu\n+00042b50: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 tting this toget\n+00042b60: 6865 722c 2061 2074 7970 6963 616c 20e2 her, a typical .\n+00042b70: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6672 ..grub.cfg... fr\n+00042b80: 6167 6d65 6e74 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f agment might loo\n+00042b90: 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 k like.this:.. \n+00042ba0: 2020 2073 6574 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 set superuser\n+00042bb0: 733d 2272 6f6f 7422 0a20 2020 2020 7061 s=\"root\". pa\n+00042bc0: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 3220 726f ssword_pbkdf2 ro\n+00042bd0: 6f74 2067 7275 622e 7062 6b64 6632 2e73 ot grub.pbkdf2.s\n+00042be0: 6861 3531 322e 3130 3030 302e 6269 676c ha512.10000.bigl\n+00042bf0: 6f6e 6773 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2070 ongstring. p\n+00042c00: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 7573 6572 3120 696e assword user1 in\n+00042c10: 7365 6375 7265 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e secure.. men\n+00042c20: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4d61 7920 6265 2072 uentry \"May be r\n+00042c30: 756e 2062 7920 616e 7920 7573 6572 2220 un by any user\" \n+00042c40: 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 207b --unrestricted {\n+00042c50: 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d . .set root=\n+00042c60: 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2009 6c69 (hd0,1). .li\n+00042c70: 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a20 2020 nux /vmlinuz. \n+00042c80: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e }.. menuen\n+00042c90: 7472 7920 2253 7570 6572 7573 6572 7320 try \"Superusers \n+00042ca0: 6f6e 6c79 2220 2d2d 7573 6572 7320 2222 only\" --users \"\"\n+00042cb0: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f {. .set roo\n+00042cc0: 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2009 t=(hd0,1). .\n+00042cd0: 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2073 linux /vmlinuz s\n+00042ce0: 696e 676c 650a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 ingle. }.. \n+00042cf0: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4d61 menuentry \"Ma\n+00042d00: 7920 6265 2072 756e 2062 7920 7573 6572 y be run by user\n+00042d10: 3120 6f72 2061 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 1 or a superuser\n+00042d20: 2220 2d2d 7573 6572 7320 7573 6572 3120 \" --users user1 \n+00042d30: 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 {. .set root\n+00042d40: 3d28 6864 302c 3229 0a20 2020 2020 0963 =(hd0,2). .c\n+00042d50: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 202b 310a 2020 hainloader +1. \n+00042d60: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 }.. The ...\n+00042d70: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+00042d80: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f program does no\n+00042d90: 7420 7965 7420 6861 7665 2062 7569 6c74 t yet have built\n+00042da0: 2d69 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 720a -in support for.\n+00042db0: 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 generating confi\n+00042dc0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2077 guration files w\n+00042dd0: 6974 6820 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 ith authenticati\n+00042de0: 6f6e 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 on. You can use\n+00042df0: 0ae2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f ..../etc/grub.d/\n+00042e00: 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 8099 2074 6f20 40_custom... to \n+00042e10: 6164 6420 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 7570 6572 add simple super\n+00042e20: 7573 6572 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 user authenticat\n+00042e30: 696f 6e2c 2062 790a 6164 6469 6e67 20e2 ion, by.adding .\n+00042e40: 8098 7365 7420 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 ..set superusers\n+00042e50: 3de2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7061 7373 =... and ...pass\n+00042e60: 776f 7264 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 word... or ...pa\n+00042e70: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 ssword_pbkdf2...\n+00042e80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 commands.....Fi\n+00042e90: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00042ea0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 Node: Using digi\n+00042eb0: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 tal signatures, \n+00042ec0: 204e 6578 743a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 Next: UEFI secu\n+00042ed0: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d re boot and shim\n+00042ee0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 , Prev: Authent\n+00042ef0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 ication and auth\n+00042f00: 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 orisation, Up: \n+00042f10: 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e32 2055 Security..19.2 U\n+00042f20: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n+00042f30: 6e61 7475 7265 7320 696e 2047 5255 420a natures in GRUB.\n 00042f40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00042f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00042f60: 0a47 5255 4227 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e .GRUB's ...core.\n-00042f70: 696d 67e2 8099 2063 616e 206f 7074 696f img... can optio\n-00042f80: 6e61 6c6c 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 656e nally provide en\n-00042f90: 666f 7263 656d 656e 7420 7468 6174 2061 forcement that a\n-00042fa0: 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 0a73 7562 7365 7175 ll files.subsequ\n-00042fb0: 656e 746c 7920 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 ently read from \n-00042fc0: 6469 736b 2061 7265 2063 6f76 6572 6564 disk are covered\n-00042fd0: 2062 7920 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6469 6769 by a valid digi\n-00042fe0: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 652e 0a54 tal signature..T\n-00042ff0: 6869 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 his document doe\n-00043000: 7320 2a6e 6f74 2a20 636f 7665 7220 686f s *not* cover ho\n-00043010: 7720 746f 2065 6e73 7572 6520 7468 6174 w to ensure that\n-00043020: 2079 6f75 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 2773 your platform's\n-00043030: 0a66 6972 6d77 6172 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c .firmware (e.g.,\n-00043040: 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7429 2076 616c 6964 Coreboot) valid\n-00043050: 6174 6573 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 ates ...core.img\n-00043060: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 656e 7669 ...... If envi\n-00043070: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00043080: 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ...check_signat\n-00043090: 7572 6573 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 ures... (*note c\n-000430a0: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a heck_signatures:\n-000430b0: 3a29 0a69 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 :).is set to ...\n-000430c0: 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e enforce..., then\n-000430d0: 2065 7665 7279 2061 7474 656d 7074 2062 every attempt b\n-000430e0: 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 20e2 8098 636f y the GRUB ...co\n-000430f0: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 746f 206c 6f61 re.img... to loa\n-00043100: 640a 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6669 6c65 20e2 d.another file .\n-00043110: 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 ..foo... implici\n-00043120: 746c 7920 696e 766f 6b65 7320 e280 9876 tly invokes ...v\n-00043130: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2066 erify_detached f\n-00043140: 6f6f 2066 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 990a 282a oo foo.sig....(*\n-00043150: 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 note verify_deta\n-00043160: 6368 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 e280 9866 6f6f ched::). ...foo\n-00043170: 2e73 6967 e280 9920 6d75 7374 2063 6f6e .sig... must con\n-00043180: 7461 696e 2061 2076 616c 6964 2064 6967 tain a valid dig\n-00043190: 6974 616c 0a73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 206f ital.signature o\n-000431a0: 7665 7220 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 ver the contents\n-000431b0: 206f 6620 e280 9866 6f6f e280 992c 2077 of ...foo..., w\n-000431c0: 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 7665 7269 hich can be veri\n-000431d0: 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 610a 7075 626c fied with a.publ\n-000431e0: 6963 206b 6579 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 ic key currently\n-000431f0: 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 trusted by GRUB\n-00043200: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 (*note list_tru\n-00043210: 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7472 sted::, *note.tr\n-00043220: 7573 743a 3a2c 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f 7465 ust::, and *note\n-00043230: 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2e20 2049 distrust::). I\n-00043240: 6620 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 2066 6169 f validation fai\n-00043250: 6c73 2c20 7468 656e 2066 696c 6520 e280 ls, then file ..\n-00043260: 9866 6f6f e280 990a 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 .foo....cannot b\n-00043270: 6520 6f70 656e 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 e opened. This \n-00043280: 6661 696c 7572 6520 6d61 7920 6861 6c74 failure may halt\n-00043290: 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 696d or otherwise im\n-000432a0: 7061 6374 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 740a 7072 pact the boot.pr\n-000432b0: 6f63 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 696e ocess... An in\n-000432c0: 6974 6961 6c20 7472 7573 7465 6420 7075 itial trusted pu\n-000432d0: 626c 6963 206b 6579 2063 616e 2062 6520 blic key can be \n-000432e0: 656d 6265 6464 6564 2077 6974 6869 6e20 embedded within \n-000432f0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 0ae2 8098 636f 7265 the GRUB....core\n-00043300: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7573 696e 6720 7468 .img... using th\n-00043310: 6520 e280 982d 2d70 7562 6b65 79e2 8099 e ...--pubkey...\n-00043320: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 option to ...gr\n-00043330: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a ub-install... (*\n-00043340: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 note Invoking.gr\n-00043350: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a ub-install::)...\n-00043360: 2020 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 5047 GRUB uses GPG\n-00043370: 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 -style detached \n-00043380: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2028 6d65 616e signatures (mean\n-00043390: 696e 6720 7468 6174 2061 2066 696c 650a ing that a file.\n-000433a0: e280 9866 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 9920 7769 ...foo.sig... wi\n-000433b0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2077 ll be produced w\n-000433c0: 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 hen file ...foo.\n-000433d0: 8099 2069 7320 7369 676e 6564 292c 2061 .. is signed), a\n-000433e0: 6e64 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a73 7570 nd currently.sup\n-000433f0: 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 4453 4120 616e ports the DSA an\n-00043400: 6420 5253 4120 7369 676e 696e 6720 616c d RSA signing al\n-00043410: 676f 7269 7468 6d73 2e20 2041 2073 6967 gorithms. A sig\n-00043420: 6e69 6e67 206b 6579 2063 616e 2062 650a ning key can be.\n-00043430: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6173 2066 6f6c generated as fol\n-00043440: 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6770 6720 lows:.. gpg \n-00043450: 2d2d 6765 6e2d 6b65 790a 0a20 2020 416e --gen-key.. An\n-00043460: 2069 6e64 6976 6964 7561 6c20 6669 6c65 individual file\n-00043470: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 2061 can be signed a\n-00043480: 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 s follows:.. \n-00043490: 2067 7067 202d 2d64 6574 6163 682d 7369 gpg --detach-si\n-000434a0: 676e 202f 7061 7468 2f74 6f2f 6669 6c65 gn /path/to/file\n-000434b0: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2073 7563 6365 7373 .. For success\n-000434c0: 6675 6c20 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 206f ful validation o\n-000434d0: 6620 616c 6c20 6f66 2047 5255 4227 7320 f all of GRUB's \n-000434e0: 7375 6263 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 616e subcomponents an\n-000434f0: 6420 7468 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 204f 5320 d the.loaded OS \n-00043500: 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7468 6579 206d 7573 kernel, they mus\n-00043510: 7420 616c 6c20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 642e t all be signed.\n-00043520: 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 746f 2061 6363 One way to acc\n-00043530: 6f6d 706c 6973 6820 7468 6973 0a69 7320 omplish this.is \n-00043540: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 2861 the following (a\n-00043550: 6674 6572 2068 6176 696e 6720 616c 7265 fter having alre\n-00043560: 6164 7920 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2074 6865 ady produced the\n-00043570: 2064 6573 6972 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 desired ...grub\n-00043580: 2e63 6667 e280 990a 6669 6c65 2c20 652e .cfg....file, e.\n-00043590: 672e 2c20 6279 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 20e2 g., by running .\n-000435a0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n-000435b0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 .. (*note Invoki\n-000435c0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n-000435d0: 3a3a 293a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2045 6469 ::):.. # Edi\n-000435e0: 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 t /dev/shm/passp\n-000435f0: 6872 6173 652e 7478 7420 746f 2063 6f6e hrase.txt to con\n-00043600: 7461 696e 2079 6f75 7220 7369 676e 696e tain your signin\n-00043610: 6720 6b65 7927 7320 7061 7373 7068 7261 g key's passphra\n-00043620: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 6920 696e se. for i in\n-00043630: 2060 6669 6e64 202f 626f 6f74 202d 6e61 `find /boot -na\n-00043640: 6d65 2022 2a2e 6366 6722 202d 6f72 202d me \"*.cfg\" -or -\n-00043650: 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6c73 7422 202d 6f72 name \"*.lst\" -or\n-00043660: 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2d6e 616d 6520 \\. -name \n-00043670: 222a 2e6d 6f64 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d \"*.mod\" -or -nam\n-00043680: 6520 2276 6d6c 696e 757a 2a22 202d 6f72 e \"vmlinuz*\" -or\n-00043690: 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 696e 6974 7264 2a22 -name \"initrd*\"\n-000436a0: 202d 6f72 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2d6e -or \\. -n\n-000436b0: 616d 6520 2267 7275 6265 6e76 2260 3b0a ame \"grubenv\"`;.\n-000436c0: 2020 2020 2064 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2067 do. g\n-000436d0: 7067 202d 2d62 6174 6368 202d 2d64 6574 pg --batch --det\n-000436e0: 6163 682d 7369 676e 202d 2d70 6173 7370 ach-sign --passp\n-000436f0: 6872 6173 652d 6664 2030 2024 6920 3c20 hrase-fd 0 $i < \n-00043700: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 6465 762f \\. /dev/\n-00043710: 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 shm/passphrase.t\n-00043720: 7874 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 xt. done. \n-00043730: 2020 7368 7265 6420 2f64 6576 2f73 686d shred /dev/shm\n-00043740: 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 740a /passphrase.txt.\n-00043750: 0a20 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 3a20 2a6e . See also: *n\n-00043760: 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ote check_signat\n-00043770: 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 ures::, *note ve\n-00043780: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a2c rify_detached::,\n-00043790: 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 *note.trust::, \n-000437a0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 *note list_trust\n-000437b0: 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 ed::, *note dist\n-000437c0: 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f rust::, *note lo\n-000437d0: 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a ad_env::, *note.\n-000437e0: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 save_env::... \n-000437f0: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 696e 7465 726e Note that intern\n-00043800: 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2065 ally signature e\n-00043810: 6e66 6f72 6365 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 636f nforcement is co\n-00043820: 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 ntrolled by sett\n-00043830: 696e 670a 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d ing.the environm\n-00043840: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n-00043850: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n-00043860: e280 9920 6571 7561 6c20 746f 20e2 8098 ... equal to ...\n-00043870: 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2e20 2050 6173 enforce.... Pas\n-00043880: 7369 6e67 0a6f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 sing.one or more\n-00043890: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 e280 9920 ...--pubkey... \n-000438a0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 20e2 8098 6772 options to ...gr\n-000438b0: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 696d ub-mkimage... im\n-000438c0: 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2064 6566 696e 6573 plicitly defines\n-000438d0: 0ae2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ....check_signat\n-000438e0: 7572 6573 e280 9920 6571 7561 6c20 746f ures... equal to\n-000438f0: 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2069 ...enforce... i\n-00043900: 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 n ...core.img...\n-00043910: 2070 7269 6f72 2074 6f20 7072 6f63 6573 prior to proces\n-00043920: 7369 6e67 0a61 6e79 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 sing.any configu\n-00043930: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 ration files... \n-00043940: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7369 676e Note that sign\n-00043950: 6174 7572 6520 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2064 ature checking d\n-00043960: 6f65 7320 2a6e 6f74 2a20 7072 6576 656e oes *not* preven\n-00043970: 7420 616e 2061 7474 6163 6b65 7220 7769 t an attacker wi\n-00043980: 7468 0a28 7365 7269 616c 2c20 7068 7973 th.(serial, phys\n-00043990: 6963 616c 2c20 2e2e 2e29 2020 636f 6e73 ical, ...) cons\n-000439a0: 6f6c 6520 6163 6365 7373 2066 726f 6d20 ole access from \n-000439b0: 6472 6f70 7069 6e67 206d 616e 7561 6c6c dropping manuall\n-000439c0: 7920 746f 2074 6865 0a47 5255 4220 636f y to the.GRUB co\n-000439d0: 6e73 6f6c 6520 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 nsole and execut\n-000439e0: 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2063 ing:.. set c\n-000439f0: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733d heck_signatures=\n-00043a00: 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7072 6576 656e no.. To preven\n-00043a10: 7420 7468 6973 2c20 7061 7373 776f 7264 t this, password\n-00043a20: 2d70 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f -protection (*no\n-00043a30: 7465 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f te Authenticatio\n-00043a40: 6e20 616e 640a 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 n and.authorisat\n-00043a50: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2069 7320 6573 7365 6e74 ion::) is essent\n-00043a60: 6961 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ial. Note that \n-00043a70: 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2070 even with GRUB p\n-00043a80: 6173 7377 6f72 640a 7072 6f74 6563 7469 assword.protecti\n-00043a90: 6f6e 2c20 4752 5542 2069 7473 656c 6620 on, GRUB itself \n-00043aa0: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 cannot prevent s\n-00043ab0: 6f6d 656f 6e65 2077 6974 6820 7068 7973 omeone with phys\n-00043ac0: 6963 616c 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 0a74 ical access to.t\n-00043ad0: 6865 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2066 726f 6d20 he machine from \n-00043ae0: 616c 7465 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 6d61 altering that ma\n-00043af0: 6368 696e 6527 7320 6669 726d 7761 7265 chine's firmware\n-00043b00: 2028 652e 672e 2c20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 (e.g., Coreboot\n-00043b10: 206f 720a 4249 4f53 2920 636f 6e66 6967 or.BIOS) config\n-00043b20: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2063 6175 7365 uration to cause\n-00043b30: 2074 6865 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2074 6f20 the machine to \n-00043b40: 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6469 6666 boot from a diff\n-00043b50: 6572 656e 740a 2861 7474 6163 6b65 722d erent.(attacker-\n-00043b60: 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2920 6465 7669 controlled) devi\n-00043b70: 6365 2e20 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 7420 ce. GRUB is at \n-00043b80: 6265 7374 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 6c69 best only one li\n-00043b90: 6e6b 2069 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 0a62 nk in a secure.b\n-00043ba0: 6f6f 7420 6368 6169 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 oot chain.....Fi\n-00043bb0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00043bc0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 Node: UEFI secur\n-00043bd0: 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c e boot and shim,\n-00043be0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 Next: Secure B\n-00043bf0: 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 oot Advanced Tar\n-00043c00: 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 geting, Prev: U\n-00043c10: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n-00043c20: 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 natures, Up: Se\n-00043c30: 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e33 2055 4546 curity..19.3 UEF\n-00043c40: 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e I secure boot an\n-00043c50: 6420 7368 696d 2073 7570 706f 7274 0a3d d shim support.=\n-00043c60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00042f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00042f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4227 7320 e280 =====..GRUB's ..\n+00042f70: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2063 616e .core.img... can\n+00042f80: 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7072 6f76 optionally prov\n+00042f90: 6964 6520 656e 666f 7263 656d 656e 7420 ide enforcement \n+00042fa0: 7468 6174 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 0a73 that all files.s\n+00042fb0: 7562 7365 7175 656e 746c 7920 7265 6164 ubsequently read\n+00042fc0: 2066 726f 6d20 6469 736b 2061 7265 2063 from disk are c\n+00042fd0: 6f76 6572 6564 2062 7920 6120 7661 6c69 overed by a vali\n+00042fe0: 6420 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 d digital signat\n+00042ff0: 7572 652e 0a54 6869 7320 646f 6375 6d65 ure..This docume\n+00043000: 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e 6f74 2a20 636f nt does *not* co\n+00043010: 7665 7220 686f 7720 746f 2065 6e73 7572 ver how to ensur\n+00043020: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 706c 6174 e that your plat\n+00043030: 666f 726d 2773 0a66 6972 6d77 6172 6520 form's.firmware \n+00043040: 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7429 (e.g., Coreboot)\n+00043050: 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 20e2 8098 636f validates ...co\n+00043060: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2049 re.img...... I\n+00043070: 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 f environment va\n+00043080: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f riable ...check_\n+00043090: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 282a signatures... (*\n+000430a0: 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 note check_signa\n+000430b0: 7475 7265 733a 3a29 0a69 7320 7365 7420 tures::).is set \n+000430c0: 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 to ...enforce...\n+000430d0: 2c20 7468 656e 2065 7665 7279 2061 7474 , then every att\n+000430e0: 656d 7074 2062 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 empt by the GRUB\n+000430f0: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...core.img... \n+00043100: 746f 206c 6f61 640a 616e 6f74 6865 7220 to load.another \n+00043110: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2069 file ...foo... i\n+00043120: 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 7920 696e 766f 6b65 mplicitly invoke\n+00043130: 7320 e280 9876 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 s ...verify_deta\n+00043140: 6368 6564 2066 6f6f 2066 6f6f 2e73 6967 ched foo foo.sig\n+00043150: e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 ....(*note verif\n+00043160: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 y_detached::). \n+00043170: e280 9866 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 9920 6d75 ...foo.sig... mu\n+00043180: 7374 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 2076 616c st contain a val\n+00043190: 6964 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a73 6967 6e61 id digital.signa\n+000431a0: 7475 7265 206f 7665 7220 7468 6520 636f ture over the co\n+000431b0: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 e280 9866 6f6f ntents of ...foo\n+000431c0: e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 ..., which can b\n+000431d0: 6520 7665 7269 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 e verified with \n+000431e0: 610a 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2063 7572 a.public key cur\n+000431f0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 rently trusted b\n+00043200: 7920 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 y GRUB (*note li\n+00043210: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e st_trusted::, *n\n+00043220: 6f74 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 2061 6e64 ote.trust::, and\n+00043230: 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a *note distrust:\n+00043240: 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7661 6c69 6461 7469 :). If validati\n+00043250: 6f6e 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 7468 656e 2066 on fails, then f\n+00043260: 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 990a 6361 ile ...foo....ca\n+00043270: 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6f70 656e 6564 2e20 nnot be opened. \n+00043280: 2054 6869 7320 6661 696c 7572 6520 6d61 This failure ma\n+00043290: 7920 6861 6c74 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7277 y halt or otherw\n+000432a0: 6973 6520 696d 7061 6374 2074 6865 2062 ise impact the b\n+000432b0: 6f6f 740a 7072 6f63 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 oot.process... \n+000432c0: 2041 6e20 696e 6974 6961 6c20 7472 7573 An initial trus\n+000432d0: 7465 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2063 ted public key c\n+000432e0: 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2077 an be embedded w\n+000432f0: 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 0ae2 ithin the GRUB..\n+00043300: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7573 ..core.img... us\n+00043310: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d70 7562 ing the ...--pub\n+00043320: 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f key... option to\n+00043330: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n+00043340: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n+00043350: 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing.grub-install\n+00043360: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7573 ::)... GRUB us\n+00043370: 6573 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 6574 es GPG-style det\n+00043380: 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 ached signatures\n+00043390: 2028 6d65 616e 696e 6720 7468 6174 2061 (meaning that a\n+000433a0: 2066 696c 650a e280 9866 6f6f 2e73 6967 file....foo.sig\n+000433b0: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7072 6f64 ... will be prod\n+000433c0: 7563 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 uced when file .\n+000433d0: 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2069 7320 7369 676e ..foo... is sign\n+000433e0: 6564 292c 2061 6e64 2063 7572 7265 6e74 ed), and current\n+000433f0: 6c79 0a73 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 ly.supports the \n+00043400: 4453 4120 616e 6420 5253 4120 7369 676e DSA and RSA sign\n+00043410: 696e 6720 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d73 2e20 ing algorithms. \n+00043420: 2041 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 206b 6579 2063 A signing key c\n+00043430: 616e 2062 650a 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 an be.generated \n+00043440: 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 as follows:.. \n+00043450: 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6765 6e2d 6b65 790a gpg --gen-key.\n+00043460: 0a20 2020 416e 2069 6e64 6976 6964 7561 . An individua\n+00043470: 6c20 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 7369 l file can be si\n+00043480: 676e 6564 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a gned as follows:\n+00043490: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d64 6574 .. gpg --det\n+000434a0: 6163 682d 7369 676e 202f 7061 7468 2f74 ach-sign /path/t\n+000434b0: 6f2f 6669 6c65 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2073 o/file.. For s\n+000434c0: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c20 7661 6c69 6461 uccessful valida\n+000434d0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6f66 2047 tion of all of G\n+000434e0: 5255 4227 7320 7375 6263 6f6d 706f 6e65 RUB's subcompone\n+000434f0: 6e74 7320 616e 6420 7468 650a 6c6f 6164 nts and the.load\n+00043500: 6564 204f 5320 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7468 ed OS kernel, th\n+00043510: 6579 206d 7573 7420 616c 6c20 6265 2073 ey must all be s\n+00043520: 6967 6e65 642e 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 igned. One way \n+00043530: 746f 2061 6363 6f6d 706c 6973 6820 7468 to accomplish th\n+00043540: 6973 0a69 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 is.is the follow\n+00043550: 696e 6720 2861 6674 6572 2068 6176 696e ing (after havin\n+00043560: 6720 616c 7265 6164 7920 7072 6f64 7563 g already produc\n+00043570: 6564 2074 6865 2064 6573 6972 6564 20e2 ed the desired .\n+00043580: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 990a 6669 ..grub.cfg....fi\n+00043590: 6c65 2c20 652e 672e 2c20 6279 2072 756e le, e.g., by run\n+000435a0: 6e69 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 ning ...grub-mkc\n+000435b0: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 onfig... (*note \n+000435c0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+000435d0: 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 293a 0a0a 2020 2020 config::):.. \n+000435e0: 2023 2045 6469 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 686d # Edit /dev/shm\n+000435f0: 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 7420 /passphrase.txt \n+00043600: 746f 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2079 6f75 7220 to contain your \n+00043610: 7369 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7927 7320 7061 signing key's pa\n+00043620: 7373 7068 7261 7365 0a20 2020 2020 666f ssphrase. fo\n+00043630: 7220 6920 696e 2060 6669 6e64 202f 626f r i in `find /bo\n+00043640: 6f74 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6366 6722 ot -name \"*.cfg\"\n+00043650: 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6c73 -or -name \"*.ls\n+00043660: 7422 202d 6f72 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t\" -or \\. \n+00043670: 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e6d 6f64 2220 2d6f -name \"*.mod\" -o\n+00043680: 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 2276 6d6c 696e 757a r -name \"vmlinuz\n+00043690: 2a22 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 696e *\" -or -name \"in\n+000436a0: 6974 7264 2a22 202d 6f72 205c 0a20 2020 itrd*\" -or \\. \n+000436b0: 2020 2020 2d6e 616d 6520 2267 7275 6265 -name \"grube\n+000436c0: 6e76 2260 3b0a 2020 2020 2064 6f0a 2020 nv\"`;. do. \n+000436d0: 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d62 6174 6368 gpg --batch\n+000436e0: 202d 2d64 6574 6163 682d 7369 676e 202d --detach-sign -\n+000436f0: 2d70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652d 6664 2030 -passphrase-fd 0\n+00043700: 2024 6920 3c20 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 $i < \\. \n+00043710: 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 /dev/shm/passph\n+00043720: 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 2020 646f rase.txt. do\n+00043730: 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7368 7265 6420 2f64 ne. shred /d\n+00043740: 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 ev/shm/passphras\n+00043750: 652e 7478 740a 0a20 2020 5365 6520 616c e.txt.. See al\n+00043760: 736f 3a20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f so: *note check_\n+00043770: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 2a6e signatures::, *n\n+00043780: 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 ote verify_detac\n+00043790: 6865 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 hed::, *note.tru\n+000437a0: 7374 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 st::, *note list\n+000437b0: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 _trusted::, *not\n+000437c0: 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 2a6e e distrust::, *n\n+000437d0: 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2c20 ote load_env::, \n+000437e0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a *note.save_env::\n+000437f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ... Note that \n+00043800: 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e61 internally signa\n+00043810: 7475 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6d65 6e74 ture enforcement\n+00043820: 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 is controlled b\n+00043830: 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 656e y setting.the en\n+00043840: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00043850: 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e le ...check_sign\n+00043860: 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6571 7561 6c20 atures... equal \n+00043870: 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 to ...enforce...\n+00043880: 2e20 2050 6173 7369 6e67 0a6f 6e65 206f . Passing.one o\n+00043890: 7220 6d6f 7265 20e2 8098 2d2d 7075 626b r more ...--pubk\n+000438a0: 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 746f ey... options to\n+000438b0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 ...grub-mkimage\n+000438c0: e280 9920 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2064 ... implicitly d\n+000438d0: 6566 696e 6573 0ae2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f efines....check_\n+000438e0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6571 signatures... eq\n+000438f0: 7561 6c20 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 ual to ...enforc\n+00043900: 65e2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 652e e... in ...core.\n+00043910: 696d 67e2 8099 2070 7269 6f72 2074 6f20 img... prior to \n+00043920: 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 0a61 6e79 2063 processing.any c\n+00043930: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00043940: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 es... Note tha\n+00043950: 7420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6368 6563 t signature chec\n+00043960: 6b69 6e67 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e 6f74 2a20 king does *not* \n+00043970: 7072 6576 656e 7420 616e 2061 7474 6163 prevent an attac\n+00043980: 6b65 7220 7769 7468 0a28 7365 7269 616c ker with.(serial\n+00043990: 2c20 7068 7973 6963 616c 2c20 2e2e 2e29 , physical, ...)\n+000439a0: 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6163 6365 7373 console access\n+000439b0: 2066 726f 6d20 6472 6f70 7069 6e67 206d from dropping m\n+000439c0: 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 746f 2074 6865 0a47 anually to the.G\n+000439d0: 5255 4220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 616e 6420 RUB console and \n+000439e0: 6578 6563 7574 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 executing:.. \n+000439f0: 2073 6574 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 set check_signa\n+00043a00: 7475 7265 733d 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 tures=no.. To \n+00043a10: 7072 6576 656e 7420 7468 6973 2c20 7061 prevent this, pa\n+00043a20: 7373 776f 7264 2d70 726f 7465 6374 696f ssword-protectio\n+00043a30: 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2041 7574 6865 6e74 n (*note Authent\n+00043a40: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 640a 6175 7468 ication and.auth\n+00043a50: 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2069 7320 orisation::) is \n+00043a60: 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 essential. Note\n+00043a70: 2074 6861 7420 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 that even with \n+00043a80: 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 7072 GRUB password.pr\n+00043a90: 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2c20 4752 5542 2069 otection, GRUB i\n+00043aa0: 7473 656c 6620 6361 6e6e 6f74 2070 7265 tself cannot pre\n+00043ab0: 7665 6e74 2073 6f6d 656f 6e65 2077 6974 vent someone wit\n+00043ac0: 6820 7068 7973 6963 616c 2061 6363 6573 h physical acces\n+00043ad0: 7320 746f 0a74 6865 206d 6163 6869 6e65 s to.the machine\n+00043ae0: 2066 726f 6d20 616c 7465 7269 6e67 2074 from altering t\n+00043af0: 6861 7420 6d61 6368 696e 6527 7320 6669 hat machine's fi\n+00043b00: 726d 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e 2c20 436f rmware (e.g., Co\n+00043b10: 7265 626f 6f74 206f 720a 4249 4f53 2920 reboot or.BIOS) \n+00043b20: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 746f configuration to\n+00043b30: 2063 6175 7365 2074 6865 206d 6163 6869 cause the machi\n+00043b40: 6e65 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 ne to boot from \n+00043b50: 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 740a 2861 7474 a different.(att\n+00043b60: 6163 6b65 722d 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 acker-controlled\n+00043b70: 2920 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2047 5255 4220 ) device. GRUB \n+00043b80: 6973 2061 7420 6265 7374 206f 6e6c 7920 is at best only \n+00043b90: 6f6e 6520 6c69 6e6b 2069 6e20 6120 7365 one link in a se\n+00043ba0: 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 6368 6169 6e2e cure.boot chain.\n+00043bb0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00043bc0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5545 4649 nfo, Node: UEFI\n+00043bd0: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 secure boot and\n+00043be0: 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 shim, Next: Se\n+00043bf0: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n+00043c00: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 ed Targeting, P\n+00043c10: 7265 763a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 rev: Using digit\n+00043c20: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 al signatures, \n+00043c30: 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 Up: Security..19\n+00043c40: 2e33 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 .3 UEFI secure b\n+00043c50: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2073 7570 oot and shim sup\n+00043c60: 706f 7274 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d port.===========\n 00043c70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00043c80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2047 5255 422c =====..The GRUB,\n-00043c90: 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6520 e280 9863 except the ...c\n-00043ca0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 636f hainloader... co\n-00043cb0: 6d6d 616e 642c 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 6974 mmand, works wit\n-00043cc0: 6820 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 h the UEFI secur\n-00043cd0: 650a 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 e.boot and the s\n-00043ce0: 6869 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 him. This funct\n-00043cf0: 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 2069 7320 7072 6f76 ionality is prov\n-00043d00: 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7368 696d ided by the shim\n-00043d10: 5f6c 6f63 6b0a 7665 7269 6669 6572 2e20 _lock.verifier. \n-00043d20: 2049 7420 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 It is built int\n-00043d30: 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d o the ...core.im\n-00043d40: 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 7320 7265 6769 g... and is regi\n-00043d50: 7374 6572 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 5545 stered if the UE\n-00043d60: 4649 0a73 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 FI.secure boot i\n-00043d70: 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 5468 6520 s enabled. The \n-00043d80: e280 9873 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b e280 9920 ...shim_lock... \n-00043d90: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 variable is set \n-00043da0: 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2077 6865 6e0a to ...y... when.\n-00043db0: 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 6669 shim_lock verifi\n-00043dc0: 6572 2069 7320 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 er is registered\n-00043dd0: 2e20 2049 6620 6974 2069 7320 6465 7369 . If it is desi\n-00043de0: 7265 6420 746f 2075 7365 2055 4546 4920 red to use UEFI \n-00043df0: 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 secure.boot with\n-00043e00: 6f75 7420 7368 696d 2c20 6f6e 6520 6361 out shim, one ca\n-00043e10: 6e20 6469 7361 626c 6520 7368 696d 5f6c n disable shim_l\n-00043e20: 6f63 6b20 6279 2064 6973 6162 6c69 6e67 ock by disabling\n-00043e30: 2073 6869 6d0a 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 shim.verificati\n-00043e40: 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 4d6f 6b53 6253 7461 on with MokSbSta\n-00043e50: 7465 2055 4546 4920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 te UEFI variable\n-00043e60: 206f 7220 6279 2062 7569 6c64 696e 6720 or by building \n-00043e70: 6772 7562 2069 6d61 6765 0a77 6974 6820 grub image.with \n-00043e80: e280 982d 2d64 6973 6162 6c65 2d73 6869 ...--disable-shi\n-00043e90: 6d2d 6c6f 636b e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e m-lock... option\n-00043ea0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 416c 6c20 4752 5542 206d ... All GRUB m\n-00043eb0: 6f64 756c 6573 206e 6f74 2073 746f 7265 odules not store\n-00043ec0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 d in the ...core\n-00043ed0: 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 204f 5320 6b65 726e .img..., OS kern\n-00043ee0: 656c 732c 2041 4350 490a 7461 626c 6573 els, ACPI.tables\n-00043ef0: 2c20 4465 7669 6365 2054 7265 6573 2c20 , Device Trees, \n-00043f00: 6574 632e 2020 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6265 etc. have to be\n-00043f10: 2073 6967 6e65 642c 2065 2e67 2c20 7573 signed, e.g, us\n-00043f20: 696e 6720 5047 502e 0a41 6464 6974 696f ing PGP..Additio\n-00043f30: 6e61 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 nally, the comma\n-00043f40: 6e64 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e 2062 6520 nds that can be \n-00043f50: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 6276 6572 7420 used to subvert \n-00043f60: 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a the UEFI secure.\n-00043f70: 626f 6f74 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2c20 boot mechanism, \n-00043f80: 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9869 6f72 77e2 such as ...iorw.\n-00043f90: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6d65 6d72 77e2 .. and ...memrw.\n-00043fa0: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 .. will not be a\n-00043fb0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2077 6865 6e0a 7468 vailable when.th\n-00043fc0: 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f e UEFI secure bo\n-00043fd0: 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 ot is enabled. \n-00043fe0: 5468 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2066 6f72 This is done for\n-00043ff0: 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 7265 6173 6f6e security reason\n-00044000: 7320 616e 640a 6172 6520 656e 666f 7263 s and.are enforc\n-00044010: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 204c ed by the GRUB L\n-00044020: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6d65 6368 616e 6973 ockdown mechanis\n-00044030: 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 m (*note Lockdow\n-00044040: 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 n::).....File: g\n-00044050: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00044060: 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 Secure Boot Adv\n-00044070: 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c anced Targeting,\n-00044080: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 Next: Measured\n-00044090: 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5545 Boot, Prev: UE\n-000440a0: 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 FI secure boot a\n-000440b0: 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 nd shim, Up: Se\n-000440c0: 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e34 2045 6d62 curity..19.4 Emb\n-000440d0: 6564 6465 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f edded informatio\n-000440e0: 6e20 666f 7220 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e n for generation\n-000440f0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6261 7365 6420 7265 number based re\n-00044100: 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d vocation.=======\n+00043c80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n+00043c90: 2047 5255 422c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 GRUB, except th\n+00043ca0: 6520 e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e ...chainloader\n+00043cb0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2077 6f72 ... command, wor\n+00043cc0: 6b73 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 5545 4649 ks with the UEFI\n+00043cd0: 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 secure.boot and\n+00043ce0: 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 the shim. This\n+00043cf0: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 2069 functionality i\n+00043d00: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 s provided by th\n+00043d10: 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b0a 7665 7269 e shim_lock.veri\n+00043d20: 6669 6572 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2062 7569 fier. It is bui\n+00043d30: 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9863 lt into the ...c\n+00043d40: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 ore.img... and i\n+00043d50: 7320 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2069 6620 s registered if \n+00043d60: 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a73 6563 7572 6520 the UEFI.secure \n+00043d70: 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e boot is enabled.\n+00043d80: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6869 6d5f 6c6f The ...shim_lo\n+00043d90: 636b e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 ck... variable i\n+00043da0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 s set to ...y...\n+00043db0: 2077 6865 6e0a 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 when.shim_lock \n+00043dc0: 7665 7269 6669 6572 2069 7320 7265 6769 verifier is regi\n+00043dd0: 7374 6572 6564 2e20 2049 6620 6974 2069 stered. If it i\n+00043de0: 7320 6465 7369 7265 6420 746f 2075 7365 s desired to use\n+00043df0: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f UEFI secure.boo\n+00043e00: 7420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7368 696d 2c20 t without shim, \n+00043e10: 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 6469 7361 626c 6520 one can disable \n+00043e20: 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 6279 2064 6973 shim_lock by dis\n+00043e30: 6162 6c69 6e67 2073 6869 6d0a 7665 7269 abling shim.veri\n+00043e40: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 4d6f fication with Mo\n+00043e50: 6b53 6253 7461 7465 2055 4546 4920 7661 kSbState UEFI va\n+00043e60: 7269 6162 6c65 206f 7220 6279 2062 7569 riable or by bui\n+00043e70: 6c64 696e 6720 6772 7562 2069 6d61 6765 lding grub image\n+00043e80: 0a77 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d64 6973 6162 .with ...--disab\n+00043e90: 6c65 2d73 6869 6d2d 6c6f 636b e280 9920 le-shim-lock... \n+00043ea0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 416c 6c20 option... All \n+00043eb0: 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206e 6f74 GRUB modules not\n+00043ec0: 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 20e2 stored in the .\n+00043ed0: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 204f ..core.img..., O\n+00043ee0: 5320 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2041 4350 490a S kernels, ACPI.\n+00043ef0: 7461 626c 6573 2c20 4465 7669 6365 2054 tables, Device T\n+00043f00: 7265 6573 2c20 6574 632e 2020 6861 7665 rees, etc. have\n+00043f10: 2074 6f20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 642c 2065 to be signed, e\n+00043f20: 2e67 2c20 7573 696e 6720 5047 502e 0a41 .g, using PGP..A\n+00043f30: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 dditionally, the\n+00043f40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 6174 2063 commands that c\n+00043f50: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 an be used to su\n+00043f60: 6276 6572 7420 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 bvert the UEFI s\n+00043f70: 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 206d 6563 6861 ecure.boot mecha\n+00043f80: 6e69 736d 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 nism, such as ..\n+00043f90: 9869 6f72 77e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 .iorw... and ...\n+00043fa0: 6d65 6d72 77e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f memrw... will no\n+00043fb0: 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2077 t be available w\n+00043fc0: 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 hen.the UEFI sec\n+00043fd0: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 ure boot is enab\n+00043fe0: 6c65 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 646f led. This is do\n+00043ff0: 6e65 2066 6f72 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 ne for security \n+00044000: 7265 6173 6f6e 7320 616e 640a 6172 6520 reasons and.are \n+00044010: 656e 666f 7263 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 enforced by the \n+00044020: 4752 5542 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6d65 GRUB Lockdown me\n+00044030: 6368 616e 6973 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 204c chanism (*note L\n+00044040: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ockdown::).....F\n+00044050: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00044060: 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f Node: Secure Bo\n+00044070: 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 ot Advanced Targ\n+00044080: 6574 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 eting, Next: Me\n+00044090: 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 asured Boot, Pr\n+000440a0: 6576 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 ev: UEFI secure \n+000440b0: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 boot and shim, \n+000440c0: 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 Up: Security..19\n+000440d0: 2e34 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 666f .4 Embedded info\n+000440e0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6765 6e65 rmation for gene\n+000440f0: 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6261 ration number ba\n+00044100: 7365 6420 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 0a3d sed revocation.=\n 00044110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2053 =========..The S\n-00044150: 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e ecure Boot Advan\n-00044160: 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 6720 2853 ced Targeting (S\n-00044170: 4241 5429 2069 7320 6120 6d65 6368 616e BAT) is a mechan\n-00044180: 6973 6d20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 ism to allow the\n-00044190: 0a72 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 .revocation of c\n-000441a0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 omponents in the\n-000441b0: 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 7468 2062 7920 7573 boot path by us\n-000441c0: 696e 6720 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e ing generation n\n-000441d0: 756d 6265 7273 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 6420 umbers.embedded \n-000441e0: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2045 4649 2062 696e into the EFI bin\n-000441f0: 6172 6965 732e 2020 5468 6520 5342 4154 aries. The SBAT\n-00044200: 206d 6574 6164 6174 6120 6973 206c 6f63 metadata is loc\n-00044210: 6174 6564 2069 6e20 616e 0a2e 7362 6174 ated in an..sbat\n-00044220: 2064 6174 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 7468 data section th\n-00044230: 6174 2068 6173 2073 6574 206f 6620 5554 at has set of UT\n-00044240: 462d 3820 7374 7269 6e67 7320 6173 2063 F-8 strings as c\n-00044250: 6f6d 6d61 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 0a76 omma-separated.v\n-00044260: 616c 7565 7320 2843 5356 292e 2053 6565 alues (CSV). See\n-00044270: 203c 6874 7470 733a 2f2f 6769 7468 7562 for.more det\n-000442b0: 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 546f 2061 6464 ails... To add\n-000442c0: 2061 2064 6174 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 a data section \n-000442d0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2053 containing the S\n-000442e0: 4241 5420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 BAT information \n-000442f0: 696e 746f 2074 6865 0a62 696e 6172 792c into the.binary,\n-00044300: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7362 6174 e280 the ...--sbat..\n-00044310: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9867 . option of ...g\n-00044320: 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2063 rub-mkimage... c\n-00044330: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 ommand should be\n-00044340: 2075 7365 642e 0a54 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 used..The conte\n-00044350: 6e74 206f 6620 6120 4353 5620 6669 6c65 nt of a CSV file\n-00044360: 2c20 656e 636f 6465 6420 7769 7468 2055 , encoded with U\n-00044370: 5446 2d38 2c20 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 TF-8, is copied \n-00044380: 6173 2069 7320 746f 2074 6865 0a2e 7362 as is to the..sb\n-00044390: 6174 2064 6174 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 at data section \n-000443a0: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 into the generat\n-000443b0: 6564 2045 4649 2062 696e 6172 792e 2020 ed EFI binary. \n-000443c0: 5468 6520 4353 5620 6669 6c65 2063 616e The CSV file can\n-000443d0: 2062 650a 7374 6f72 6564 2061 6e79 7768 be.stored anywh\n-000443e0: 6572 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 ere on the file \n-000443f0: 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 system... gr\n-00044400: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 202d 4f20 7838 ub-mkimage -O x8\n-00044410: 365f 3634 2d65 6669 202d 6f20 6772 7562 6_64-efi -o grub\n-00044420: 7836 342e 6566 6920 2d70 2027 2874 6674 x64.efi -p '(tft\n-00044430: 7029 2f67 7275 6227 202d 2d73 6261 7420 p)/grub' --sbat \n-00044440: 7362 6174 2e63 7376 2065 6669 6e65 7420 sbat.csv efinet \n-00044450: 7466 7470 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 tftp....File: gr\n-00044460: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00044470: 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 Measured Boot, \n-00044480: 4e65 7874 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 Next: Lockdown, \n-00044490: 2050 7265 763a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f Prev: Secure Bo\n-000444a0: 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 ot Advanced Targ\n-000444b0: 6574 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 eting, Up: Secu\n-000444c0: 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e35 204d 6561 7375 rity..19.5 Measu\n-000444d0: 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6f6e ring boot compon\n-000444e0: 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ents.===========\n+00044140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00044150: 0a54 6865 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 .The Secure Boot\n+00044160: 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 Advanced Target\n+00044170: 696e 6720 2853 4241 5429 2069 7320 6120 ing (SBAT) is a \n+00044180: 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d20 746f 2061 6c6c mechanism to all\n+00044190: 6f77 2074 6865 0a72 6576 6f63 6174 696f ow the.revocatio\n+000441a0: 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 n of components \n+000441b0: 696e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 7468 in the boot path\n+000441c0: 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 6765 6e65 7261 by using genera\n+000441d0: 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 0a65 6d62 tion numbers.emb\n+000441e0: 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2045 edded into the E\n+000441f0: 4649 2062 696e 6172 6965 732e 2020 5468 FI binaries. Th\n+00044200: 6520 5342 4154 206d 6574 6164 6174 6120 e SBAT metadata \n+00044210: 6973 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2069 6e20 616e is located in an\n+00044220: 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 6174 6120 7365 6374 ..sbat data sect\n+00044230: 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2068 6173 2073 6574 ion that has set\n+00044240: 206f 6620 5554 462d 3820 7374 7269 6e67 of UTF-8 string\n+00044250: 7320 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 2d73 6570 6172 s as comma-separ\n+00044260: 6174 6564 0a76 616c 7565 7320 2843 5356 ated.values (CSV\n+00044270: 292e 2053 6565 203c 6874 7470 733a 2f2f ). See for.mo\n+000442b0: 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 re details... \n+000442c0: 546f 2061 6464 2061 2064 6174 6120 7365 To add a data se\n+000442d0: 6374 696f 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 ction containing\n+000442e0: 2074 6865 2053 4241 5420 696e 666f 726d the SBAT inform\n+000442f0: 6174 696f 6e20 696e 746f 2074 6865 0a62 ation into the.b\n+00044300: 696e 6172 792c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d inary, the ...--\n+00044310: 7362 6174 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f sbat... option o\n+00044320: 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 f ...grub-mkimag\n+00044330: 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 686f e... command sho\n+00044340: 756c 6420 6265 2075 7365 642e 0a54 6865 uld be used..The\n+00044350: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 206f 6620 6120 4353 content of a CS\n+00044360: 5620 6669 6c65 2c20 656e 636f 6465 6420 V file, encoded \n+00044370: 7769 7468 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6973 2063 with UTF-8, is c\n+00044380: 6f70 6965 6420 6173 2069 7320 746f 2074 opied as is to t\n+00044390: 6865 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 6174 6120 7365 he..sbat data se\n+000443a0: 6374 696f 6e20 696e 746f 2074 6865 2067 ction into the g\n+000443b0: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2045 4649 2062 696e enerated EFI bin\n+000443c0: 6172 792e 2020 5468 6520 4353 5620 6669 ary. The CSV fi\n+000443d0: 6c65 2063 616e 2062 650a 7374 6f72 6564 le can be.stored\n+000443e0: 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 anywhere on the\n+000443f0: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 file system... \n+00044400: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 grub-mkimage\n+00044410: 202d 4f20 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 202d -O x86_64-efi -\n+00044420: 6f20 6772 7562 7836 342e 6566 6920 2d70 o grubx64.efi -p\n+00044430: 2027 2874 6674 7029 2f67 7275 6227 202d '(tftp)/grub' -\n+00044440: 2d73 6261 7420 7362 6174 2e63 7376 2065 -sbat sbat.csv e\n+00044450: 6669 6e65 7420 7466 7470 0a0a 1f0a 4669 finet tftp....Fi\n+00044460: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00044470: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 Node: Measured B\n+00044480: 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c6f 636b oot, Next: Lock\n+00044490: 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 6563 down, Prev: Sec\n+000444a0: 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 ure Boot Advance\n+000444b0: 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 5570 d Targeting, Up\n+000444c0: 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e35 : Security..19.5\n+000444d0: 204d 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 Measuring boot \n+000444e0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d components.=====\n 000444f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044500: 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6520 7470 6d20 ===..If the tpm \n-00044510: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 module is loaded\n-00044520: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 and the platfor\n-00044530: 6d20 6861 7320 6120 5472 7573 7465 6420 m has a Trusted \n-00044540: 506c 6174 666f 726d 0a4d 6f64 756c 6520 Platform.Module \n-00044550: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 642c 2047 5255 4220 installed, GRUB \n-00044560: 7769 6c6c 206c 6f67 2065 6163 6820 636f will log each co\n-00044570: 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 mmand executed a\n-00044580: 6e64 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 0a6c 6f61 nd each file.loa\n-00044590: 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2054 504d ded into the TPM\n-000445a0: 2065 7665 6e74 206c 6f67 2061 6e64 2065 event log and e\n-000445b0: 7874 656e 6420 7468 6520 5043 5220 7661 xtend the PCR va\n-000445c0: 6c75 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 5450 4d0a lues in the TPM.\n-000445d0: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 676c 792e correspondingly.\n-000445e0: 2020 416c 6c20 6576 656e 7473 2077 696c All events wil\n-000445f0: 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 696e 746f l be logged into\n-00044600: 2074 6865 2050 4352 2064 6573 6372 6962 the PCR describ\n-00044610: 6564 2062 656c 6f77 0a77 6974 6820 6120 ed below.with a \n-00044620: 7479 7065 206f 6620 4556 5f49 504c 2061 type of EV_IPL a\n-00044630: 6e64 2061 6e20 6576 656e 7420 6465 7363 nd an event desc\n-00044640: 7269 7074 696f 6e20 6173 2064 6573 6372 ription as descr\n-00044650: 6962 6564 2062 656c 6f77 2e0a 0a45 7665 ibed below...Eve\n-00044660: 6e74 2074 7970 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 nt type \n-00044670: 2020 2020 5043 5220 2020 2020 4465 7363 PCR Desc\n-00044680: 7269 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ription.--------\n+00044500: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 6620 7468 =========..If th\n+00044510: 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 e tpm module is \n+00044520: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 loaded and the p\n+00044530: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6861 7320 6120 5472 latform has a Tr\n+00044540: 7573 7465 6420 506c 6174 666f 726d 0a4d usted Platform.M\n+00044550: 6f64 756c 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 642c odule installed,\n+00044560: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 206c 6f67 2065 GRUB will log e\n+00044570: 6163 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 ach command exec\n+00044580: 7574 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6163 6820 6669 uted and each fi\n+00044590: 6c65 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 le.loaded into t\n+000445a0: 6865 2054 504d 2065 7665 6e74 206c 6f67 he TPM event log\n+000445b0: 2061 6e64 2065 7874 656e 6420 7468 6520 and extend the \n+000445c0: 5043 5220 7661 6c75 6573 2069 6e20 7468 PCR values in th\n+000445d0: 6520 5450 4d0a 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 e TPM.correspond\n+000445e0: 696e 676c 792e 2020 416c 6c20 6576 656e ingly. All even\n+000445f0: 7473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 ts will be logge\n+00044600: 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2050 4352 2064 d into the PCR d\n+00044610: 6573 6372 6962 6564 2062 656c 6f77 0a77 escribed below.w\n+00044620: 6974 6820 6120 7479 7065 206f 6620 4556 ith a type of EV\n+00044630: 5f49 504c 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 6576 656e _IPL and an even\n+00044640: 7420 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e20 6173 t description as\n+00044650: 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2062 656c 6f77 described below\n+00044660: 2e0a 0a45 7665 6e74 2074 7970 6520 2020 ...Event type \n+00044670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5043 5220 2020 PCR \n+00044680: 2020 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d Description.--\n 00044690: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000446a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000446b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000446c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000446d0: 2d2d 2d0a 436f 6d6d 616e 6420 2020 2020 ---.Command \n-000446e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 2020 2020 8 \n-000446f0: 2020 2041 6c6c 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 All executed \n-00044700: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 696e 636c 7564 commands (includ\n-00044710: 696e 6720 7468 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2020 ing those. \n+000446d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 436f 6d6d 616e ---------.Comman\n+000446e0: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d \n+000446f0: 2038 2020 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 2065 7865 8 All exe\n+00044700: 6375 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 cuted commands (\n+00044710: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 6f73 650a including those.\n 00044720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d20 636f from co\n-00044740: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-00044750: 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 s) will be logge\n-00044760: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+00044730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 f\n+00044740: 726f 6d20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f rom configuratio\n+00044750: 6e20 6669 6c65 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6265 n files) will be\n+00044760: 206c 6f67 6765 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 logged. \n 00044770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044780: 2061 6e64 206d 6561 7375 7265 6420 6173 and measured as\n-00044790: 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 entered with a \n-000447a0: 7072 6566 6978 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 prefix of. \n+00044780: 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206d 6561 7375 and measu\n+00044790: 7265 6420 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2077 red as entered w\n+000447a0: 6974 6820 6120 7072 6566 6978 206f 660a ith a prefix of.\n 000447b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000447c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6772 7562 5f63 \"grub_c\n-000447d0: 6d64 3a20 220a 4b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d md: \".Kernel com\n-000447e0: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 2020 2038 2020 mand line 8 \n-000447f0: 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 Any command\n-00044800: 206c 696e 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 line passed to \n-00044810: 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 a kernel will. \n-00044820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6520 be \n-00044840: 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 206d 6561 7375 logged and measu\n-00044850: 7265 6420 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2077 red as entered w\n-00044860: 6974 6820 610a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ith a. \n+000447c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+000447d0: 6772 7562 5f63 6d64 3a20 220a 4b65 726e grub_cmd: \".Kern\n+000447e0: 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 el command line \n+000447f0: 2020 2038 2020 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2063 8 Any c\n+00044800: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 7061 7373 ommand line pass\n+00044810: 6564 2074 6f20 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2077 ed to a kernel w\n+00044820: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill. \n+00044830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044840: 2020 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 be logged and\n+00044850: 206d 6561 7375 7265 6420 6173 2065 6e74 measured as ent\n+00044860: 6572 6564 2077 6974 6820 610a 2020 2020 ered with a. \n 00044870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044880: 2020 2020 2070 7265 6669 7820 6f66 2022 prefix of \"\n-00044890: 6b65 726e 656c 5f63 6d64 6c69 6e65 3a20 kernel_cmdline: \n-000448a0: 220a 4d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 \".Module command\n-000448b0: 206c 696e 6520 2020 2038 2020 2020 2020 line 8 \n-000448c0: 2041 6e79 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e Any command lin\n-000448d0: 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 6120 6b65 e passed to a ke\n-000448e0: 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rnel. \n+00044880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7265 6669 prefi\n+00044890: 7820 6f66 2022 6b65 726e 656c 5f63 6d64 x of \"kernel_cmd\n+000448a0: 6c69 6e65 3a20 220a 4d6f 6475 6c65 2063 line: \".Module c\n+000448b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 2020 2038 ommand line 8\n+000448c0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2063 6f6d 6d61 Any comma\n+000448d0: 6e64 206c 696e 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 nd line passed t\n+000448e0: 6f20 6120 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 o a kernel. \n 000448f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044900: 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 module will \n-00044910: 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 616e 6420 6d65 be logged and me\n-00044920: 6173 7572 6564 2061 730a 2020 2020 2020 asured as. \n+00044900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 module\n+00044910: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 will be logged \n+00044920: 616e 6420 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 730a and measured as.\n 00044930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6572 6564 entered\n-00044950: 2077 6974 6820 6120 7072 6566 6978 206f with a prefix o\n-00044960: 6620 226d 6f64 756c 655f 636d 646c 696e f \"module_cmdlin\n-00044970: 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:. \n+00044940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 e\n+00044950: 6e74 6572 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7072 ntered with a pr\n+00044960: 6566 6978 206f 6620 226d 6f64 756c 655f efix of \"module_\n+00044970: 636d 646c 696e 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 cmdline:. \n 00044980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044990: 2020 220a 4669 6c65 7320 2020 2020 2020 \".Files \n-000449a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2039 2020 2020 9 \n-000449b0: 2020 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7265 6164 Any file read\n-000449c0: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6265 by GRUB will be\n-000449d0: 206c 6f67 6765 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 logged and. \n-000449e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000449f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6561 7375 measu\n-00044a00: 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 2064 6573 6372 red with a descr\n-00044a10: 6970 7469 7665 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 iptive text. \n-00044a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 corre\n-00044a40: 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 sponding to the \n-00044a50: 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 filename... GR\n-00044a60: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6d65 6173 UB will not meas\n-00044a70: 7572 6520 6974 7320 6f77 6e20 e280 9863 ure its own ...c\n-00044a80: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 202d 2069 7420 ore.img... - it \n-00044a90: 6973 2065 7870 6563 7465 6420 7468 6174 is expected that\n-00044aa0: 0a66 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7769 6c6c 2063 .firmware will c\n-00044ab0: 6172 7279 2074 6869 7320 6f75 742e 2020 arry this out. \n-00044ac0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f 206e GRUB will also n\n-00044ad0: 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 6e79 0a6d ot perform any.m\n-00044ae0: 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 756e 7469 easurements unti\n-00044af0: 6c20 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 l the tpm module\n-00044b00: 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2041 7320 is loaded. As \n-00044b10: 7375 6368 2069 7420 6973 2072 6563 6f6d such it is recom\n-00044b20: 6d65 6e64 6564 0a74 6861 7420 7468 6520 mended.that the \n-00044b30: 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 6520 6275 tpm module be bu\n-00044b40: 696c 7420 696e 746f 20e2 8098 636f 7265 ilt into ...core\n-00044b50: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 696e 206f 7264 6572 .img... in order\n-00044b60: 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 610a 706f 7465 to avoid a.pote\n-00044b70: 6e74 6961 6c20 6761 7020 696e 206d 6561 ntial gap in mea\n-00044b80: 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 2062 6574 7765 656e surement between\n-00044b90: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...core.img... \n-00044ba0: 6265 696e 6720 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6e64 being loaded and\n-00044bb0: 2074 6865 2074 706d 0a6d 6f64 756c 6520 the tpm.module \n-00044bc0: 6265 696e 6720 6c6f 6164 6564 2e0a 0a20 being loaded... \n-00044bd0: 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 Measured boot \n-00044be0: 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c is currently onl\n-00044bf0: 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2045 y supported on E\n-00044c00: 4649 2061 6e64 2049 424d 2049 4545 4531 FI and IBM IEEE1\n-00044c10: 3237 350a 506f 7765 7250 4320 706c 6174 275.PowerPC plat\n-00044c20: 666f 726d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 forms.....File: \n-00044c30: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00044c40: 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 : Lockdown, Pre\n-00044c50: 763a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 v: Measured Boot\n-00044c60: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a , Up: Security.\n-00044c70: 0a31 392e 3620 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2077 .19.6 Lockdown w\n-00044c80: 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 hen booting on a\n-00044c90: 2073 6563 7572 6520 7365 7475 700a 3d3d secure setup.==\n-00044ca0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00044990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 220a 4669 6c65 7320 \".Files \n+000449a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000449b0: 2039 2020 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2066 696c 9 Any fil\n+000449c0: 6520 7265 6164 2062 7920 4752 5542 2077 e read by GRUB w\n+000449d0: 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 616e ill be logged an\n+000449e0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+000449f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044a00: 206d 6561 7375 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 measured with a\n+00044a10: 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 7665 2074 6578 descriptive tex\n+00044a20: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n+00044a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044a40: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2074 corresponding t\n+00044a50: 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 2e0a o the filename..\n+00044a60: 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f . GRUB will no\n+00044a70: 7420 6d65 6173 7572 6520 6974 7320 6f77 t measure its ow\n+00044a80: 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 n ...core.img...\n+00044a90: 202d 2069 7420 6973 2065 7870 6563 7465 - it is expecte\n+00044aa0: 6420 7468 6174 0a66 6972 6d77 6172 6520 d that.firmware \n+00044ab0: 7769 6c6c 2063 6172 7279 2074 6869 7320 will carry this \n+00044ac0: 6f75 742e 2020 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 out. GRUB will \n+00044ad0: 616c 736f 206e 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d also not perform\n+00044ae0: 2061 6e79 0a6d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 any.measurement\n+00044af0: 7320 756e 7469 6c20 7468 6520 7470 6d20 s until the tpm \n+00044b00: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 module is loaded\n+00044b10: 2e20 2041 7320 7375 6368 2069 7420 6973 . As such it is\n+00044b20: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 0a74 6861 recommended.tha\n+00044b30: 7420 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 t the tpm module\n+00044b40: 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 20e2 be built into .\n+00044b50: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 696e ..core.img... in\n+00044b60: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 order to avoid \n+00044b70: 610a 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6761 7020 a.potential gap \n+00044b80: 696e 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 2062 in measurement b\n+00044b90: 6574 7765 656e 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 etween ...core.i\n+00044ba0: 6d67 e280 9920 6265 696e 6720 6c6f 6164 mg... being load\n+00044bb0: 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2074 706d 0a6d ed and the tpm.m\n+00044bc0: 6f64 756c 6520 6265 696e 6720 6c6f 6164 odule being load\n+00044bd0: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 ed... Measured\n+00044be0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 boot is current\n+00044bf0: 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 ly only supporte\n+00044c00: 6420 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 6e64 2049 424d d on EFI and IBM\n+00044c10: 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a 506f 7765 7250 IEEE1275.PowerP\n+00044c20: 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a0a 1f0a C platforms.....\n+00044c30: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00044c40: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e Node: Lockdown\n+00044c50: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 6561 7375 7265 , Prev: Measure\n+00044c60: 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 d Boot, Up: Sec\n+00044c70: 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3620 4c6f 636b urity..19.6 Lock\n+00044c80: 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e down when bootin\n+00044c90: 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 7365 g on a secure se\n+00044ca0: 7475 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tup.============\n 00044cb0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044cc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-00044cd0: 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 636b GRUB can be lock\n-00044ce0: 6564 2064 6f77 6e20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f ed down when boo\n-00044cf0: 7465 6420 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 ted on a secure \n-00044d00: 626f 6f74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 boot environment\n-00044d10: 2c0a 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 6966 ,.for example if\n-00044d20: 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 the UEFI secure\n-00044d30: 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 boot is enabled\n-00044d40: 2e20 204f 6e20 6120 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 . On a locked d\n-00044d50: 6f77 6e0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f own.configuratio\n-00044d60: 6e2c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c n, the GRUB will\n-00044d70: 2062 6520 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 2061 be restricted a\n-00044d80: 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f nd some operatio\n-00044d90: 6e73 2f63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 6361 6e6e ns/commands.cann\n-00044da0: 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a ot be executed..\n-00044db0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 986c 6f63 6b64 . The ...lockd\n-00044dc0: 6f77 6ee2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 own... variable \n-00044dd0: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 is set to ...y..\n-00044de0: 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 . when the GRUB \n-00044df0: 6973 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2e0a is locked down..\n-00044e00: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6974 2064 6f65 Otherwise it doe\n-00044e10: 7320 6e6f 7420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 s not exit.....F\n-00044e20: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00044e30: 204e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 Node: Platform \n-00044e40: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 limitations, Ne\n-00044e50: 7874 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 xt: Platform-spe\n-00044e60: 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 cific operations\n-00044e70: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 6563 7572 6974 , Prev: Securit\n-00044e80: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3020 y, Up: Top..20 \n-00044e90: 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 Platform limitat\n-00044ea0: 696f 6e73 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ions.***********\n-00044eb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 ************..GR\n-00044ec0: 5542 3220 6973 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 UB2 is designed \n-00044ed0: 746f 2062 6520 706f 7274 6162 6c65 2061 to be portable a\n-00044ee0: 6e64 2069 7320 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 nd is actually p\n-00044ef0: 6f72 7465 6420 6163 726f 7373 0a70 6c61 orted across.pla\n-00044f00: 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2057 6520 7472 7920 tforms. We try \n-00044f10: 746f 206b 6565 7020 616c 6c20 706c 6174 to keep all plat\n-00044f20: 666f 726d 7320 6174 2074 6865 206c 6576 forms at the lev\n-00044f30: 656c 2e20 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 el. Unfortunate\n-00044f40: 6c79 0a73 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d ly.some platform\n-00044f50: 7320 6172 6520 6265 7474 6572 2073 7570 s are better sup\n-00044f60: 706f 7274 6564 2074 6861 6e20 6f74 6865 ported than othe\n-00044f70: 7273 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6574 rs. This is det\n-00044f80: 6169 6c65 6420 696e 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 ailed in.current\n-00044f90: 2061 6e64 2032 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 and 2 following\n-00044fa0: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 sections... A\n-00044fb0: 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 ll platforms hav\n-00044fc0: 6520 616e 2061 7274 6966 6963 6961 6c6c e an artificiall\n-00044fd0: 7920 4752 5542 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 2064 y GRUB imposed d\n-00044fe0: 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 2072 6573 7472 6963 isk size restric\n-00044ff0: 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 3120 4569 422e 2049 tion.of 1 EiB. I\n-00045000: 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6c61 n some cases, la\n-00045010: 7267 6572 2064 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 7320 rger disk sizes \n-00045020: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 642c 2062 7574 can be used, but\n-00045030: 2061 6363 6573 7320 7769 6c6c 0a6e 6f74 access will.not\n-00045040: 2062 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 6265 796f be allowed beyo\n-00045050: 6e64 2031 2045 6942 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c55 nd 1 EiB... LU\n-00045060: 4b53 3220 6465 7669 6365 7320 7769 7468 KS2 devices with\n-00045070: 2073 697a 6520 6c61 7267 6572 2074 6861 size larger tha\n-00045080: 6e20 3136 2045 6942 2061 7265 2063 7572 n 16 EiB are cur\n-00045090: 7265 6e74 6c79 206e 6f74 0a73 7570 706f rently not.suppo\n-000450a0: 7274 6564 2e20 2054 6865 7920 6361 6e20 rted. They can \n-000450b0: 6e6f 7420 6265 2063 7265 6174 6564 2061 not be created a\n-000450c0: 7320 6372 7970 746f 2064 6576 6963 6573 s crypto devices\n-000450d0: 2062 7920 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c by cryptomount,\n-000450e0: 2073 6f0a 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6576 656e so.can not even\n-000450f0: 2062 6520 7061 7274 6961 6c6c 7920 7265 be partially re\n-00045100: 6164 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 4c55 4b53 2068 ad from. LUKS h\n-00045110: 6176 6520 6e6f 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f ave no limitatio\n-00045120: 6e73 206f 7468 6572 0a74 6861 6e20 7468 ns other.than th\n-00045130: 6f73 6520 696d 706f 7365 6420 6279 2074 ose imposed by t\n-00045140: 6865 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 he format... A\n-00045150: 5243 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6973 2075 RC platform is u\n-00045160: 6e61 626c 6520 746f 2063 6861 6e67 6520 nable to change \n-00045170: 6461 7465 7469 6d65 2028 6669 726d 7761 datetime (firmwa\n-00045180: 7265 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2073 6565 6d20 re doesn't seem \n-00045190: 746f 0a70 726f 7669 6465 2061 2066 756e to.provide a fun\n-000451a0: 6374 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6974 292e 2020 ction for it). \n-000451b0: 454d 5520 6861 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 EMU has similar \n-000451c0: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 limitation... \n-000451d0: 4f6e 2045 4d55 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 On EMU platform \n-000451e0: 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 no serial port i\n-000451f0: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 0a0a 2020 s available... \n-00045200: 2043 6f6e 736f 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 Console charset\n-00045210: 2072 6566 6572 7320 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 refers only to \n-00045220: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2d61 7373 6973 7465 firmware-assiste\n-00045230: 6420 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 6766 7874 d console. gfxt\n-00045240: 6572 6d20 6973 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 556e erm is.always Un\n-00045250: 6963 6f64 6520 2873 6565 2049 6e74 6572 icode (see Inter\n-00045260: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e20 nationalisation \n-00045270: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6974 7320 section for its \n-00045280: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7329 2e0a 5365 limitations)..Se\n-00045290: 7269 616c 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 rial is configur\n-000452a0: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 5554 462d 3820 6f72 able to UTF-8 or\n-000452b0: 2041 5343 4949 2028 7365 6520 496e 7465 ASCII (see Inte\n-000452c0: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e rnationalisation\n-000452d0: 292e 2020 496e 0a63 6173 6520 6f66 2071 ). In.case of q\n-000452e0: 656d 7520 616e 6420 636f 7265 626f 6f74 emu and coreboot\n-000452f0: 2070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 2072 6566 6572 ports the refer\n-00045300: 6564 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2069 7320 7667 ed console is vg\n-00045310: 615f 7465 7874 2e0a 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e a_text..Loongson\n-00045320: 2061 6c77 6179 7320 7573 6573 2067 6678 always uses gfx\n-00045330: 7465 726d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 7374 206c term... Most l\n-00045340: 696d 6974 6564 206f 6e65 2069 7320 4153 imited one is AS\n-00045350: 4349 492e 2043 5034 3337 2070 726f 7669 CII. CP437 provi\n-00045360: 6465 7320 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 des additionally\n-00045370: 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e .pseudographics.\n-00045380: 2020 4752 5542 3220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 GRUB2 doesn't \n-00045390: 7573 6520 616e 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 use any language\n-000453a0: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6672 6f6d characters from\n-000453b0: 2043 5034 3337 2061 730a 6f66 7465 6e20 CP437 as.often \n-000453c0: 4350 3433 3720 6973 2072 6570 6c61 6365 CP437 is replace\n-000453d0: 6420 6279 206e 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 656e d by national en\n-000453e0: 636f 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c coding compatibl\n-000453f0: 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 6e0a 7073 6575 646f e only in.pseudo\n-00045400: 6772 6170 6869 6373 2e20 2055 6e69 636f graphics. Unico\n-00045410: 6465 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2076 de is the most v\n-00045420: 6572 7361 7469 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 ersatile charset\n-00045430: 2077 6869 6368 2073 7570 706f 7274 730a which supports.\n-00045440: 6d61 6e79 206c 616e 6775 6167 6573 2e20 many languages. \n-00045450: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6865 2061 6374 However the act\n-00045460: 7561 6c20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6d61 7920 ual console may \n-00045470: 6265 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 206c 696d be much more lim\n-00045480: 6974 6564 0a64 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f ited.depending o\n-00045490: 6e20 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a0a 2020 204f n firmware.. O\n-000454a0: 6e20 4249 4f53 2c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 n BIOS, network \n-000454b0: 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e6c is supported onl\n-000454c0: 7920 6966 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2069 y if the image i\n-000454d0: 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 s loaded through\n-000454e0: 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2e20 204f 6e20 7370 .network. On sp\n-000454f0: 6172 6336 342c 2047 5255 4220 6973 2075 arc64, GRUB is u\n-00045500: 6e61 626c 6520 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 nable to determi\n-00045510: 6e65 2077 6869 6368 2073 6572 7665 7220 ne which server \n-00045520: 6974 2077 6173 0a62 6f6f 7465 6420 6672 it was.booted fr\n-00045530: 6f6d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4469 7265 6374 2041 om... Direct A\n-00045540: 5441 2f41 4843 4920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 TA/AHCI support \n-00045550: 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6f20 6369 7263 756d allows to circum\n-00045560: 7665 6e74 2076 6172 696f 7573 2066 6972 vent various fir\n-00045570: 6d77 6172 650a 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e mware.limitation\n-00045580: 7320 6275 7420 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 s but isn't need\n-00045590: 6564 2066 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 ed for normal op\n-000455a0: 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 206f eration except o\n-000455b0: 6e20 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c0a 706f 7274 n baremetal.port\n-000455c0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 s... AT keyboa\n-000455d0: 7264 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 rd support allow\n-000455e0: 7320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 206c 6179 6f75 s keyboard layou\n-000455f0: 7420 7265 6d61 7070 696e 6720 616e 6420 t remapping and \n-00045600: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 720a 6b65 7973 support for.keys\n-00045610: 206e 6f74 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 not available t\n-00045620: 6872 6f75 6768 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e hrough firmware.\n-00045630: 2020 4974 2069 736e 2774 206e 6565 6465 It isn't neede\n-00045640: 6420 666f 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 0a6f 7065 d for normal.ope\n-00045650: 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7420 6261 ration except ba\n-00045660: 7265 6d65 7461 6c20 706f 7274 732e 0a0a remetal ports...\n-00045670: 2020 2053 7065 616b 6572 2061 6c6c 6f77 Speaker allow\n-00045680: 7320 6d6f 7273 6520 616e 6420 7370 6b6d s morse and spkm\n-00045690: 6f64 656d 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 odem communicati\n-000456a0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5553 4220 7375 7070 on... USB supp\n-000456b0: 6f72 7420 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2062 656e ort provides ben\n-000456c0: 6566 6974 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f efits similar to\n-000456d0: 2041 5441 2028 666f 7220 5553 4220 6469 ATA (for USB di\n-000456e0: 736b 7329 206f 7220 4154 0a28 666f 7220 sks) or AT.(for \n-000456f0: 5553 4220 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 7329 2e20 USB keyboards). \n-00045700: 2049 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 2069 7420 In addition it \n-00045710: 616c 6c6f 7773 2055 5342 7365 7269 616c allows USBserial\n-00045720: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 ... Chainloadi\n-00045730: 6e67 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f 2074 6865 ng refers to the\n-00045740: 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 ability to load\n-00045750: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 another bootloa\n-00045760: 6465 7220 7468 726f 7567 680a 7468 6520 der through.the \n-00045770: 7361 6d65 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c0a 0a20 same protocol.. \n-00045780: 2020 4869 6e74 7320 616c 6c6f 7720 6661 Hints allow fa\n-00045790: 7374 6572 2064 6973 6b20 6469 7363 6f76 ster disk discov\n-000457a0: 6572 7920 6279 2061 6c72 6561 6479 206b ery by already k\n-000457b0: 6e6f 7769 6e67 2069 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 nowing in advanc\n-000457c0: 6520 7768 6963 680a 6973 2074 6865 2064 e which.is the d\n-000457d0: 6973 6b20 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e2e isk in question.\n-000457e0: 2020 4f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f On some platfo\n-000457f0: 726d 7320 6869 6e74 7320 6172 6520 636f rms hints are co\n-00045800: 7272 6563 7420 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 rrect unless you\n-00045810: 0a6d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 6469 736b 2062 .move the disk b\n-00045820: 6574 7765 656e 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 204f etween boots. O\n-00045830: 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d n other platform\n-00045840: 7320 6974 2773 206a 7573 7420 616e 2065 s it's just an e\n-00045850: 6475 6361 7465 640a 6775 6573 732e 2020 ducated.guess. \n-00045860: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6869 6e74 2066 Note that hint f\n-00045870: 6169 6c75 7265 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 ailure results i\n-00045880: 6e20 6a75 7374 2072 6564 7563 6564 2070 n just reduced p\n-00045890: 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 6e6f 740a erformance, not.\n-000458a0: 6120 6661 696c 7572 650a 0a20 2020 4261 a failure.. Ba\n-000458b0: 6452 414d 2069 7320 7468 6520 6162 696c dRAM is the abil\n-000458c0: 6974 7920 746f 206d 6172 6b20 736f 6d65 ity to mark some\n-000458d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 5241 4d20 6173 2022 of the RAM as \"\n-000458e0: 6261 6422 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 2064 7565 bad\". Note: due\n-000458f0: 2074 6f0a 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 206c 696d to.protocol lim\n-00045900: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206d 6970 732d 6c6f itations mips-lo\n-00045910: 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 7769 7468 204c 696e ongson (with Lin\n-00045920: 7578 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2061 6e64 ux protocol) and\n-00045930: 0a6d 6970 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 .mips-qemu_mips \n-00045940: 6361 6e20 7573 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d 656d can use only mem\n-00045950: 6f72 7920 7570 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 ory up to first \n-00045960: 686f 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 426f 6f74 6c6f hole... Bootlo\n-00045970: 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6162 696c 6974 cation is abilit\n-00045980: 7920 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 7574 y of GRUB to aut\n-00045990: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 omatically detec\n-000459a0: 7420 7768 6572 6520 6974 0a62 6f6f 7473 t where it.boots\n-000459b0: 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 2264 6973 6b22 206d from. \"disk\" m\n-000459c0: 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2064 6574 6563 7469 eans the detecti\n-000459d0: 6f6e 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f on is limited to\n-000459e0: 2064 6574 6563 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 detecting the d\n-000459f0: 6973 6b0a 7769 7468 2070 6172 7469 7469 isk.with partiti\n-00045a00: 6f6e 2062 6569 6e67 2064 6973 636f 7665 on being discove\n-00045a10: 7265 6420 6f6e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 red on install t\n-00045a20: 696d 652e 2020 2270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ime. \"partition\n-00045a30: 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a64 6973 \" means that.dis\n-00045a40: 6b20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 6f6e 2063 k and partiton c\n-00045a50: 616e 2062 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 an be automatica\n-00045a60: 6c6c 7920 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 2e20 lly discovered. \n-00045a70: 2022 6669 6c65 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 \"file\" means th\n-00045a80: 6174 0a62 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 6520 6669 at.boot image fi\n-00045a90: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6173 2077 656c 6c20 le name as well \n-00045aa0: 6173 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 7061 7274 as disk and part\n-00045ab0: 6974 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 ition can be dis\n-00045ac0: 636f 7665 7265 642e 0a46 6f72 2063 6f6e covered..For con\n-00045ad0: 7369 7374 656e 6379 2c20 6465 6661 756c sistency, defaul\n-00045ae0: 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6967 6e6f 7265 t install ignore\n-00045af0: 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 616e 6420 s partition and \n-00045b00: 7265 6c69 6573 2073 6f6c 656c 7920 6f6e relies solely on\n-00045b10: 0a64 6973 6b20 6465 7465 6374 696f 6e2e .disk detection.\n-00045b20: 2020 4966 206e 6f20 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 If no bootloca\n-00045b30: 7469 6f6e 2064 6973 636f 7665 7279 2069 tion discovery i\n-00045b40: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f72 2062 s available or b\n-00045b50: 6f6f 7420 616e 640a 6772 7562 2d72 6f6f oot and.grub-roo\n-00045b60: 7420 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6469 6666 t disks are diff\n-00045b70: 6572 656e 742c 2055 5549 4420 6973 2075 erent, UUID is u\n-00045b80: 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 642e 2020 4f6e sed instead. On\n-00045b90: 2041 5243 2069 6620 6e6f 0a64 6576 6963 ARC if no.devic\n-00045ba0: 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6f20 e to install to \n-00045bb0: 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 5555 is specified, UU\n-00045bc0: 4944 2069 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 ID is used inste\n-00045bd0: 6164 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 ad as well... \n-00045be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4249 4f53 BIOS\n-00045bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f72 6562 Coreb\n-00045c00: 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 oot Multib\n-00045c10: 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2051 656d 750a 7669 oot Qemu.vi\n-00045c20: 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 deo yes\n-00045c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00045c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00045c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f yes.co\n-00045c60: 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 nsole CP4\n-00045c70: 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 37 CP43\n-00045c80: 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 7 CP437\n-00045c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 370a CP437.\n-00045ca0: 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 charset.network \n-00045cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 yes (*) \n-00045cc0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00045cd0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00045ce0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 no.ATA/AHCI \n-00045cf0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d00: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d10: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d20: 2020 2079 6573 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 yes.AT keyboa\n-00045d30: 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 rd yes \n-00045d40: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d50: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d60: 2020 2079 6573 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 yes.Speaker \n-00045d70: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d80: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d90: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045da0: 2020 2079 6573 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 yes.USB \n-00045db0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045dc0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045dd0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045de0: 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 yes.chainload\n-00045df0: 6572 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 er local \n-00045e00: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045e10: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045e20: 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 no.cpuid \n-00045e30: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n-00045e40: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n-00045e50: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00045e60: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 7264 6d73 7220 partial.rdmsr \n-00045e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c partial\n-00045e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n-00045e90: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n-00045ea0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 7772 partial.wr\n-00045eb0: 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 msr par\n-00045ec0: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n-00045ed0: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n-00045ee0: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n-00045ef0: 6c0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 l.hints \n-00045f00: 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-00045f10: 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 guess g\n-00045f20: 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 uess gu\n-00045f30: 6573 730a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 ess.PCI \n-00045f40: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f50: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f60: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f70: 7965 730a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 yes.badram \n-00045f80: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f90: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045fa0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045fb0: 7965 730a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 yes.compression \n-00045fc0: 2020 2061 6c77 6179 7320 2020 2020 2020 always \n-00045fd0: 2020 706f 696e 746c 6573 7320 2020 2020 pointless \n-00045fe0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00045ff0: 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n-00046000: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046010: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046020: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046030: 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 o.bootlocation \n-00046040: 2064 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 disk \n-00046050: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046060: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046070: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n-00046080: 2069 6133 3220 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 ia32 EFI \n-00046090: 616d 6436 3420 4546 4920 2020 2020 2069 amd64 EFI i\n-000460a0: 6133 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4974 a32 It\n-000460b0: 616e 6975 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 anium. \n+00044cc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00044cd0: 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 ..The GRUB can b\n+00044ce0: 6520 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e20 7768 e locked down wh\n+00044cf0: 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 6f6e 2061 2073 en booted on a s\n+00044d00: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2065 6e76 6972 ecure boot envir\n+00044d10: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c0a 666f 7220 6578 616d onment,.for exam\n+00044d20: 706c 6520 6966 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 ple if the UEFI \n+00044d30: 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 secure boot is e\n+00044d40: 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 204f 6e20 6120 6c6f nabled. On a lo\n+00044d50: 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e0a 636f 6e66 6967 cked down.config\n+00044d60: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2074 6865 2047 5255 uration, the GRU\n+00044d70: 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7374 7269 B will be restri\n+00044d80: 6374 6564 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 cted and some op\n+00044d90: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2f63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 erations/command\n+00044da0: 730a 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6563 s.cannot be exec\n+00044db0: 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 uted... The ..\n+00044dc0: 986c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6ee2 8099 2076 6172 .lockdown... var\n+00044dd0: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 iable is set to \n+00044de0: e280 9879 e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 ...y... when the\n+00044df0: 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 GRUB is locked \n+00044e00: 646f 776e 2e0a 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 down..Otherwise \n+00044e10: 6974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6578 6974 it does not exit\n+00044e20: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00044e30: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 info, Node: Pla\n+00044e40: 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e tform limitation\n+00044e50: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 506c 6174 666f s, Next: Platfo\n+00044e60: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 rm-specific oper\n+00044e70: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 ations, Prev: S\n+00044e80: 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ecurity, Up: To\n+00044e90: 700a 0a32 3020 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c p..20 Platform l\n+00044ea0: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a imitations.*****\n+00044eb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00044ec0: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 3220 6973 2064 6573 **..GRUB2 is des\n+00044ed0: 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2062 6520 706f 7274 igned to be port\n+00044ee0: 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6163 7475 able and is actu\n+00044ef0: 616c 6c79 2070 6f72 7465 6420 6163 726f ally ported acro\n+00044f00: 7373 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2057 ss.platforms. W\n+00044f10: 6520 7472 7920 746f 206b 6565 7020 616c e try to keep al\n+00044f20: 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6174 2074 l platforms at t\n+00044f30: 6865 206c 6576 656c 2e20 2055 6e66 6f72 he level. Unfor\n+00044f40: 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 0a73 6f6d 6520 706c tunately.some pl\n+00044f50: 6174 666f 726d 7320 6172 6520 6265 7474 atforms are bett\n+00044f60: 6572 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2074 6861 er supported tha\n+00044f70: 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2054 6869 7320 n others. This \n+00044f80: 6973 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e 0a63 is detailed in.c\n+00044f90: 7572 7265 6e74 2061 6e64 2032 2066 6f6c urrent and 2 fol\n+00044fa0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 732e lowing sections.\n+00044fb0: 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 .. All platfor\n+00044fc0: 6d73 2068 6176 6520 616e 2061 7274 6966 ms have an artif\n+00044fd0: 6963 6961 6c6c 7920 4752 5542 2069 6d70 icially GRUB imp\n+00044fe0: 6f73 6564 2064 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 2072 osed disk size r\n+00044ff0: 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 3120 estriction.of 1 \n+00045000: 4569 422e 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 EiB. In some cas\n+00045010: 6573 2c20 6c61 7267 6572 2064 6973 6b20 es, larger disk \n+00045020: 7369 7a65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 sizes can be use\n+00045030: 642c 2062 7574 2061 6363 6573 7320 7769 d, but access wi\n+00045040: 6c6c 0a6e 6f74 2062 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 ll.not be allowe\n+00045050: 6420 6265 796f 6e64 2031 2045 6942 2e0a d beyond 1 EiB..\n+00045060: 0a20 2020 4c55 4b53 3220 6465 7669 6365 . LUKS2 device\n+00045070: 7320 7769 7468 2073 697a 6520 6c61 7267 s with size larg\n+00045080: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 3136 2045 6942 2061 er than 16 EiB a\n+00045090: 7265 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206e 6f74 re currently not\n+000450a0: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e20 2054 6865 .supported. The\n+000450b0: 7920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 2063 7265 y can not be cre\n+000450c0: 6174 6564 2061 7320 6372 7970 746f 2064 ated as crypto d\n+000450d0: 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 6372 7970 746f evices by crypto\n+000450e0: 6d6f 756e 742c 2073 6f0a 6361 6e20 6e6f mount, so.can no\n+000450f0: 7420 6576 656e 2062 6520 7061 7274 6961 t even be partia\n+00045100: 6c6c 7920 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 lly read from. \n+00045110: 4c55 4b53 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 206c 696d LUKS have no lim\n+00045120: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206f 7468 6572 0a74 itations other.t\n+00045130: 6861 6e20 7468 6f73 6520 696d 706f 7365 han those impose\n+00045140: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d61 742e d by the format.\n+00045150: 0a0a 2020 2041 5243 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 .. ARC platfor\n+00045160: 6d20 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 2063 m is unable to c\n+00045170: 6861 6e67 6520 6461 7465 7469 6d65 2028 hange datetime (\n+00045180: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 736e 2774 firmware doesn't\n+00045190: 2073 6565 6d20 746f 0a70 726f 7669 6465 seem to.provide\n+000451a0: 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 666f 7220 a function for \n+000451b0: 6974 292e 2020 454d 5520 6861 7320 7369 it). EMU has si\n+000451c0: 6d69 6c61 7220 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e milar limitation\n+000451d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2045 4d55 2070 6c61 ... On EMU pla\n+000451e0: 7466 6f72 6d20 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 6c20 tform no serial \n+000451f0: 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c port is availabl\n+00045200: 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6e 736f 6c65 2063 e... Console c\n+00045210: 6861 7273 6574 2072 6566 6572 7320 6f6e harset refers on\n+00045220: 6c79 2074 6f20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2d61 ly to firmware-a\n+00045230: 7373 6973 7465 6420 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e ssisted console.\n+00045240: 2020 6766 7874 6572 6d20 6973 0a61 6c77 gfxterm is.alw\n+00045250: 6179 7320 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2873 6565 ays Unicode (see\n+00045260: 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 Internationalis\n+00045270: 6174 696f 6e20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 666f ation section fo\n+00045280: 7220 6974 7320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e r its limitation\n+00045290: 7329 2e0a 5365 7269 616c 2069 7320 636f s)..Serial is co\n+000452a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 5554 nfigurable to UT\n+000452b0: 462d 3820 6f72 2041 5343 4949 2028 7365 F-8 or ASCII (se\n+000452c0: 6520 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 e Internationali\n+000452d0: 7361 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 496e 0a63 6173 sation). In.cas\n+000452e0: 6520 6f66 2071 656d 7520 616e 6420 636f e of qemu and co\n+000452f0: 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 reboot ports the\n+00045300: 2072 6566 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 refered console\n+00045310: 2069 7320 7667 615f 7465 7874 2e0a 4c6f is vga_text..Lo\n+00045320: 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2061 6c77 6179 7320 7573 ongson always us\n+00045330: 6573 2067 6678 7465 726d 2e0a 0a20 2020 es gfxterm... \n+00045340: 4d6f 7374 206c 696d 6974 6564 206f 6e65 Most limited one\n+00045350: 2069 7320 4153 4349 492e 2043 5034 3337 is ASCII. CP437\n+00045360: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6164 6469 7469 provides additi\n+00045370: 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 7261 onally.pseudogra\n+00045380: 7068 6963 732e 2020 4752 5542 3220 646f phics. GRUB2 do\n+00045390: 6573 6e27 7420 7573 6520 616e 7920 6c61 esn't use any la\n+000453a0: 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 nguage character\n+000453b0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2043 5034 3337 2061 730a s from CP437 as.\n+000453c0: 6f66 7465 6e20 4350 3433 3720 6973 2072 often CP437 is r\n+000453d0: 6570 6c61 6365 6420 6279 206e 6174 696f eplaced by natio\n+000453e0: 6e61 6c20 656e 636f 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d nal encoding com\n+000453f0: 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 6e0a patible only in.\n+00045400: 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 2e20 pseudographics. \n+00045410: 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2069 7320 7468 6520 Unicode is the \n+00045420: 6d6f 7374 2076 6572 7361 7469 6c65 2063 most versatile c\n+00045430: 6861 7273 6574 2077 6869 6368 2073 7570 harset which sup\n+00045440: 706f 7274 730a 6d61 6e79 206c 616e 6775 ports.many langu\n+00045450: 6167 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2074 ages. However t\n+00045460: 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 636f 6e73 6f6c he actual consol\n+00045470: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 206d 7563 6820 6d6f e may be much mo\n+00045480: 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 0a64 6570 656e re limited.depen\n+00045490: 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6669 726d 7761 7265 ding on firmware\n+000454a0: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4249 4f53 2c20 6e65 .. On BIOS, ne\n+000454b0: 7477 6f72 6b20 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 twork is support\n+000454c0: 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2074 6865 2069 ed only if the i\n+000454d0: 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2074 mage is loaded t\n+000454e0: 6872 6f75 6768 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2e20 hrough.network. \n+000454f0: 204f 6e20 7370 6172 6336 342c 2047 5255 On sparc64, GRU\n+00045500: 4220 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 2064 B is unable to d\n+00045510: 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 6368 2073 etermine which s\n+00045520: 6572 7665 7220 6974 2077 6173 0a62 6f6f erver it was.boo\n+00045530: 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4469 ted from... Di\n+00045540: 7265 6374 2041 5441 2f41 4843 4920 7375 rect ATA/AHCI su\n+00045550: 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6f20 pport allows to \n+00045560: 6369 7263 756d 7665 6e74 2076 6172 696f circumvent vario\n+00045570: 7573 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 6c69 6d69 us firmware.limi\n+00045580: 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6973 6e27 tations but isn'\n+00045590: 7420 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206e 6f72 t needed for nor\n+000455a0: 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6578 mal operation ex\n+000455b0: 6365 7074 206f 6e20 6261 7265 6d65 7461 cept on baremeta\n+000455c0: 6c0a 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 5420 l.ports... AT \n+000455d0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 7570 706f 7274 keyboard support\n+000455e0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 allows keyboard\n+000455f0: 206c 6179 6f75 7420 7265 6d61 7070 696e layout remappin\n+00045600: 6720 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f g and support fo\n+00045610: 720a 6b65 7973 206e 6f74 2061 7661 696c r.keys not avail\n+00045620: 6162 6c65 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2066 6972 able through fir\n+00045630: 6d77 6172 652e 2020 4974 2069 736e 2774 mware. It isn't\n+00045640: 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 6e6f 726d needed for norm\n+00045650: 616c 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 al.operation exc\n+00045660: 6570 7420 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c20 706f ept baremetal po\n+00045670: 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2053 7065 616b 6572 rts... Speaker\n+00045680: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d6f 7273 6520 616e allows morse an\n+00045690: 6420 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2063 6f6d 6d75 d spkmodem commu\n+000456a0: 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5553 nication... US\n+000456b0: 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7072 6f76 6964 B support provid\n+000456c0: 6573 2062 656e 6566 6974 7320 7369 6d69 es benefits simi\n+000456d0: 6c61 7220 746f 2041 5441 2028 666f 7220 lar to ATA (for \n+000456e0: 5553 4220 6469 736b 7329 206f 7220 4154 USB disks) or AT\n+000456f0: 0a28 666f 7220 5553 4220 6b65 7962 6f61 .(for USB keyboa\n+00045700: 7264 7329 2e20 2049 6e20 6164 6469 7469 rds). In additi\n+00045710: 6f6e 2069 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2055 5342 on it allows USB\n+00045720: 7365 7269 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 serial... Chai\n+00045730: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2072 6566 6572 7320 nloading refers \n+00045740: 746f 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 to the ability t\n+00045750: 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 o load another b\n+00045760: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 726f 7567 ootloader throug\n+00045770: 680a 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2070 726f 746f h.the same proto\n+00045780: 636f 6c0a 0a20 2020 4869 6e74 7320 616c col.. Hints al\n+00045790: 6c6f 7720 6661 7374 6572 2064 6973 6b20 low faster disk \n+000457a0: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 6279 2061 6c72 discovery by alr\n+000457b0: 6561 6479 206b 6e6f 7769 6e67 2069 6e20 eady knowing in \n+000457c0: 6164 7661 6e63 6520 7768 6963 680a 6973 advance which.is\n+000457d0: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 696e 2071 7565 the disk in que\n+000457e0: 7374 696f 6e2e 2020 4f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 stion. On some \n+000457f0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6869 6e74 7320 platforms hints \n+00045800: 6172 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 756e 6c65 are correct unle\n+00045810: 7373 2079 6f75 0a6d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 ss you.move the \n+00045820: 6469 736b 2062 6574 7765 656e 2062 6f6f disk between boo\n+00045830: 7473 2e20 204f 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 706c ts. On other pl\n+00045840: 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 206a 7573 atforms it's jus\n+00045850: 7420 616e 2065 6475 6361 7465 640a 6775 t an educated.gu\n+00045860: 6573 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ess. Note that \n+00045870: 6869 6e74 2066 6169 6c75 7265 2072 6573 hint failure res\n+00045880: 756c 7473 2069 6e20 6a75 7374 2072 6564 ults in just red\n+00045890: 7563 6564 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 uced performance\n+000458a0: 2c20 6e6f 740a 6120 6661 696c 7572 650a , not.a failure.\n+000458b0: 0a20 2020 4261 6452 414d 2069 7320 7468 . BadRAM is th\n+000458c0: 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 206d 6172 e ability to mar\n+000458d0: 6b20 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 5241 k some of the RA\n+000458e0: 4d20 6173 2022 6261 6422 2e20 204e 6f74 M as \"bad\". Not\n+000458f0: 653a 2064 7565 2074 6f0a 7072 6f74 6f63 e: due to.protoc\n+00045900: 6f6c 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206d ol limitations m\n+00045910: 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 7769 ips-loongson (wi\n+00045920: 7468 204c 696e 7578 2070 726f 746f 636f th Linux protoco\n+00045930: 6c29 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 732d 7165 6d75 l) and.mips-qemu\n+00045940: 5f6d 6970 7320 6361 6e20 7573 6520 6f6e _mips can use on\n+00045950: 6c79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7570 2074 6f20 ly memory up to \n+00045960: 6669 7273 7420 686f 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 first hole... \n+00045970: 426f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 Bootlocation is \n+00045980: 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2047 5255 4220 ability of GRUB \n+00045990: 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 to automatically\n+000459a0: 2064 6574 6563 7420 7768 6572 6520 6974 detect where it\n+000459b0: 0a62 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 2264 .boots from. \"d\n+000459c0: 6973 6b22 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2064 isk\" means the d\n+000459d0: 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 etection is limi\n+000459e0: 7465 6420 746f 2064 6574 6563 7469 6e67 ted to detecting\n+000459f0: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a 7769 7468 2070 the disk.with p\n+00045a00: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6569 6e67 2064 artition being d\n+00045a10: 6973 636f 7665 7265 6420 6f6e 2069 6e73 iscovered on ins\n+00045a20: 7461 6c6c 2074 696d 652e 2020 2270 6172 tall time. \"par\n+00045a30: 7469 7469 6f6e 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 tition\" means th\n+00045a40: 6174 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 7061 7274 at.disk and part\n+00045a50: 6974 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6175 746f iton can be auto\n+00045a60: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6469 7363 6f76 matically discov\n+00045a70: 6572 6564 2e20 2022 6669 6c65 2220 6d65 ered. \"file\" me\n+00045a80: 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a62 6f6f 7420 696d ans that.boot im\n+00045a90: 6167 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6173 age file name as\n+00045aa0: 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2064 6973 6b20 616e well as disk an\n+00045ab0: 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 d partition can \n+00045ac0: 6265 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 0a46 be discovered..F\n+00045ad0: 6f72 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 6379 2c20 or consistency, \n+00045ae0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 default install \n+00045af0: 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f ignores partitio\n+00045b00: 6e20 616e 6420 7265 6c69 6573 2073 6f6c n and relies sol\n+00045b10: 656c 7920 6f6e 0a64 6973 6b20 6465 7465 ely on.disk dete\n+00045b20: 6374 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 626f ction. If no bo\n+00045b30: 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2064 6973 636f otlocation disco\n+00045b40: 7665 7279 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c very is availabl\n+00045b50: 6520 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 640a 6772 e or boot and.gr\n+00045b60: 7562 2d72 6f6f 7420 6469 736b 7320 6172 ub-root disks ar\n+00045b70: 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e 742c 2055 5549 e different, UUI\n+00045b80: 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 D is used instea\n+00045b90: 642e 2020 4f6e 2041 5243 2069 6620 6e6f d. On ARC if no\n+00045ba0: 0a64 6576 6963 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 .device to insta\n+00045bb0: 6c6c 2074 6f20 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 ll to is specifi\n+00045bc0: 6564 2c20 5555 4944 2069 7320 7573 6564 ed, UUID is used\n+00045bd0: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2061 7320 7765 6c6c instead as well\n+00045be0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ... \n+00045bf0: 2020 4249 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n+00045c00: 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 Coreboot \n+00045c10: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2051 Multiboot Q\n+00045c20: 656d 750a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 emu.video \n+00045c30: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045c40: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045c50: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045c60: 7965 730a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 yes.console \n+00045c70: 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00045c80: 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00045c90: 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00045ca0: 4350 3433 370a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 CP437.charset.ne\n+00045cb0: 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 twork yes\n+00045cc0: 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 (*) no \n+00045cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00045ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 no.ATA\n+00045cf0: 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 /AHCI yes \n+00045d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00045d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 5420 yes.AT \n+00045d30: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 keyboard yes \n+00045d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00045d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a53 7065 yes.Spe\n+00045d70: 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 aker yes \n+00045d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00045d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a55 5342 yes.USB\n+00045db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00045dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00045dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6861 yes.cha\n+00045df0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 inloader loca\n+00045e00: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 l yes \n+00045e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 7569 no.cpui\n+00045e30: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 d parti\n+00045e40: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n+00045e50: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n+00045e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a partial.\n+00045e70: 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 rdmsr p\n+00045e80: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n+00045e90: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n+00045ea0: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n+00045eb0: 6961 6c0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 ial.wrmsr \n+00045ec0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00045ed0: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00045ee0: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00045ef0: 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 partial.hints \n+00045f00: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 guess \n+00045f10: 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 guess \n+00045f20: 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+00045f30: 2020 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 4920 2020 guess.PCI \n+00045f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f60: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f70: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6261 6472 616d yes.badram\n+00045f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00045fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045fb0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f 6d70 7265 yes.compre\n+00045fc0: 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2061 6c77 6179 7320 ssion always \n+00045fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f 696e 746c 6573 pointles\n+00045fe0: 7320 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 s no \n+00045ff0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 2020 no.exit \n+00046000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046010: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046020: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046030: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 no.bootloca\n+00046040: 7469 6f6e 2020 2064 6973 6b20 2020 2020 tion disk \n+00046050: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046060: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046070: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.. \n+00046080: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4546 4920 ia32 EFI \n+00046090: 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 3420 4546 4920 amd64 EFI \n+000460a0: 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 2020 2020 2020 ia32 \n+000460b0: 2020 2020 4974 616e 6975 6d0a 2020 2020 Itanium. \n 000460c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 000460d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000460e0: 2020 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a 7669 6465 IEEE1275.vide\n-000460f0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 o yes \n-00046100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00046110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f no.conso\n-00046130: 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 le Unicod\n-00046140: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 e Unicode\n-00046150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 ASCII \n-00046160: 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 0a63 Unicode.c\n-00046170: 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 harset.network \n-00046180: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046190: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000461a0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000461b0: 2020 2079 6573 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 yes.ATA/AHCI \n-000461c0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000461d0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000461e0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000461f0: 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 no.AT keyboar\n-00046200: 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 d yes \n-00046210: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046220: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046230: 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 no.Speaker \n-00046240: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046250: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046260: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046270: 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n-00046280: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046290: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000462a0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000462b0: 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 no.chainloader \n-000462c0: 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 local \n-000462d0: 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 local \n-000462e0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c no l\n-000462f0: 6f63 616c 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 ocal.cpuid \n-00046300: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n-00046310: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00046320: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00046330: 206e 6f0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 no.rdmsr \n-00046340: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00046350: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00046360: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00046370: 6e6f 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.wrmsr \n-00046380: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00046390: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-000463a0: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 206e partial n\n-000463b0: 6f0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.hints \n-000463c0: 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-000463d0: 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 guess g\n-000463e0: 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 ood gu\n-000463f0: 6573 730a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 ess.PCI \n-00046400: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046410: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046420: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046430: 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 no.badram \n-00046440: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046450: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046460: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 no y\n-00046470: 6573 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 es.compression \n-00046480: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046490: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000464a0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-000464b0: 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.exit \n-000464c0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000464d0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-000464e0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-000464f0: 730a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 s.bootlocation \n-00046500: 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n-00046510: 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 file f\n-00046520: 696c 652c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 ile, fi\n-00046530: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le. \n+000460e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4545 4531 3237 IEEE127\n+000460f0: 350a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5.video \n+00046100: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046110: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046120: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046130: 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 .console \n+00046140: 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2020 2020 2020 2055 Unicode U\n+00046150: 6e69 636f 6465 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 nicode AS\n+00046160: 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 CII Uni\n+00046170: 636f 6465 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 code.charset.net\n+00046180: 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 work yes \n+00046190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+000461a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+000461b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 5441 yes.ATA\n+000461c0: 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 /AHCI yes \n+000461d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+000461e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+000461f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b no.AT k\n+00046200: 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 eyboard yes \n+00046210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00046220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b no.Speak\n+00046240: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 er yes \n+00046250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046270: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 no.USB \n+00046280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000462a0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000462b0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f no.chainlo\n+000462c0: 6164 6572 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 ader local \n+000462d0: 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 local \n+000462e0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000462f0: 2020 2020 206c 6f63 616c 0a63 7075 6964 local.cpuid\n+00046300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 partia\n+00046310: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n+00046320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n+00046330: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7264 6d73 7220 no.rdmsr \n+00046340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c partial\n+00046350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n+00046360: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n+00046370: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a77 726d 7372 2020 no.wrmsr \n+00046380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n+00046390: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n+000463a0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n+000463b0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 no.hints \n+000463c0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 guess \n+000463d0: 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 guess \n+000463e0: 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 good \n+000463f0: 2020 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 4920 2020 guess.PCI \n+00046400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046420: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046430: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 no.badram \n+00046440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046450: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046460: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046470: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 yes.compres\n+00046480: 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 sion no \n+00046490: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000464a0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000464b0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 no.exit \n+000464c0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000464d0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000464e0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000464f0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 yes.bootloca\n+00046500: 7469 6f6e 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 tion file \n+00046510: 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 file \n+00046520: 2020 2020 2066 696c 652c 2020 2020 2020 file, \n+00046530: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 file. \n 00046540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00046550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00046560: 6967 6e6f 7265 640a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ignored.. \n-00046570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e Loongson\n-00046580: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 7263 3634 2020 sparc64 \n-00046590: 2020 2020 2020 506f 7765 7270 6320 2020 Powerpc \n-000465a0: 2020 2020 2041 5243 0a76 6964 656f 2020 ARC.video \n-000465b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-000465c0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000465d0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000465e0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 no.console \n-000465f0: 2020 2020 2020 204e 2f41 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n-00046600: 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 ASCII \n-00046610: 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n-00046620: 2020 2020 4153 4349 490a 6368 6172 7365 ASCII.charse\n-00046630: 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 t.network \n-00046640: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046650: 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes (*) y\n-00046660: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-00046670: 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 .ATA/AHCI \n-00046680: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-00046690: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-000466a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-000466b0: 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 AT keyboard y\n-000466c0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-000466d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-000466e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 no.S\n-000466f0: 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f peaker no\n-00046700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00046710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 no.US\n-00046730: 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 B yes\n-00046740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 no.cha\n-00046770: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 inloader yes \n-00046780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-000467a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 7569 no.cpui\n-000467b0: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 d no \n-000467c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-000467d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-000467e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 no.rdmsr\n-000467f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046820: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 no.wrmsr \n-00046830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046850: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046860: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a68 696e 7473 2020 no.hints \n-00046870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 good \n-00046880: 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 good \n-00046890: 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 good \n-000468a0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 2020 no.PCI \n-000468b0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000468c0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000468d0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000468e0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 no.badram \n-000468f0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 yes (*) \n-00046900: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046910: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046920: 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f no.compressio\n-00046930: 6e20 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c n configurabl\n-00046940: 6520 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e no \n-00046950: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046960: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 0a65 configurable.e\n-00046970: 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f xit no\n-00046980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00046990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-000469a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a62 yes.b\n-000469b0: 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f ootlocation no\n-000469c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 par\n-000469d0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 tition file\n-000469e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 file \n-000469f0: 282a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (*).. \n-00046a00: 2020 2020 4d49 5053 2071 656d 7520 2020 MIPS qemu \n-00046a10: 2020 2065 6d75 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 emu \n-00046a20: 2020 7865 6e0a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 xen.video \n-00046a30: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046a40: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046a50: 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 no.console \n-00046a60: 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00046a70: 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 282a 2920 Unicode (*) \n-00046a80: 2020 2041 5343 4949 0a63 6861 7273 6574 ASCII.charset\n-00046a90: 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 .network \n-00046aa0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 no y\n-00046ab0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-00046ac0: 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 .ATA/AHCI \n-00046ad0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-00046ae0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046af0: 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 .AT keyboard \n-00046b00: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-00046b10: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046b20: 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Speaker \n-00046b30: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046b40: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046b50: 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .USB \n-00046b60: 4e2f 4120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 N/A y\n-00046b70: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-00046b80: 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 .chainloader \n-00046b90: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-00046ba0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n-00046bb0: 730a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 s.cpuid \n-00046bc0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046bd0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 no y\n-00046be0: 6573 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 es.rdmsr \n-00046bf0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c00: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c10: 7965 730a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 yes.wrmsr \n-00046c20: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c30: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c40: 2079 6573 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 yes.hints \n-00046c50: 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-00046c60: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c70: 2020 6e6f 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.PCI \n-00046c80: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c90: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ca0: 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 no.badram \n-00046cb0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 yes (*) \n-00046cc0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046cd0: 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e no.compression\n-00046ce0: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 configurable\n-00046cf0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046d00: 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n-00046d10: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046d20: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046d30: 2020 6e6f 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f no.bootlocatio\n-00046d40: 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n no \n-00046d50: 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n-00046d60: 2020 6e6f 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 no....File: gr\n-00046d70: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00046d80: 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Platform-specifi\n-00046d90: 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 204e c operations, N\n-00046da0: 6578 743a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b ext: Supported k\n-00046db0: 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 ernels, Prev: P\n-00046dc0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 latform limitati\n-00046dd0: 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 ons, Up: Top..2\n-00046de0: 3120 4f75 746c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 1 Outline.******\n-00046df0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 ****..Some platf\n-00046e00: 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 6665 6174 7572 orms have featur\n-00046e10: 6573 2077 6869 6368 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 es which allows \n-00046e20: 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6f6d to implement som\n-00046e30: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a75 7365 6c65 e commands.usele\n-00046e40: 7373 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 696d 706c 656d ss or not implem\n-00046e50: 656e 7461 626c 6520 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 entable on other\n-00046e60: 732e 0a0a 2020 2051 7569 636b 2073 756d s... Quick sum\n-00046e70: 6d61 7279 3a0a 0a20 2020 496e 666f 726d mary:.. Inform\n-00046e80: 6174 696f 6e20 7265 7472 6965 7661 6c3a ation retrieval:\n-00046e90: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 7365 6c2d .. ... mipsel-\n-00046ea0: 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 3a20 6c73 7370 640a loongson: lsspd.\n-00046eb0: 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 732d 6172 633a ... mips-arc:\n-00046ec0: 206c 7364 6576 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6566 lsdev. ... ef\n-00046ed0: 693a 206c 7365 6669 7379 7374 6162 2c20 i: lsefisystab, \n-00046ee0: 6c73 7361 6c2c 206c 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 lssal, lsefimmap\n-00046ef0: 2c20 6c73 6566 690a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 , lsefi. ... i\n-00046f00: 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6c73 6170 6d0a 2020 386-pc: lsapm. \n-00046f10: 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f ... i386-corebo\n-00046f20: 6f74 3a20 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 ot: lscoreboot, \n-00046f30: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 696d coreboot_boottim\n-00046f40: 652c 2063 626d 656d 630a 2020 20e2 80a2 e, cbmemc. ...\n-00046f50: 2061 6370 692d 656e 6162 6c65 6420 2869 acpi-enabled (i\n-00046f60: 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 386-pc, i386-cor\n-00046f70: 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 eboot, i386-mult\n-00046f80: 6962 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6669 293a 0a20 iboot, *-efi):. \n-00046f90: 2020 2020 6c73 6163 7069 0a0a 2020 2057 lsacpi.. W\n-00046fa0: 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6473 2066 6f72 2070 orkarounds for p\n-00046fb0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 latform-specific\n-00046fc0: 2069 7373 7565 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 issues:. ... \n-00046fd0: 6933 3836 2d65 6669 2f78 3836 5f36 342d i386-efi/x86_64-\n-00046fe0: 6566 693a 206c 6f61 6462 696f 732c 2066 efi: loadbios, f\n-00046ff0: 616b 6562 696f 732c 2066 6978 5f76 6964 akebios, fix_vid\n-00047000: 656f 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6163 7069 2d65 eo. ... acpi-e\n-00047010: 6e61 626c 6564 2028 6933 3836 2d70 632c nabled (i386-pc,\n-00047020: 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 i386-coreboot, \n-00047030: 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 i386-multiboot, \n-00047040: 2a2d 6566 6929 3a20 6163 7069 0a20 2020 *-efi): acpi. \n-00047050: 2020 286f 7665 7272 6964 6520 4143 5049 (override ACPI\n-00047060: 2074 6162 6c65 7329 0a20 2020 e280 a220 tables). ... \n-00047070: 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 i386-pc: drivema\n-00047080: 700a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 p. ... i386-pc\n-00047090: 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 0a20 2020 4164 : sendkey.. Ad\n-000470a0: 7661 6e63 6564 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e vanced operation\n-000470b0: 7320 666f 7220 706f 7765 7220 7573 6572 s for power user\n-000470c0: 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7838 363a 2069 s:. ... x86: i\n-000470d0: 6f72 7720 2864 6972 6563 7420 6163 6365 orw (direct acce\n-000470e0: 7373 2074 6f20 492f 4f20 706f 7274 7329 ss to I/O ports)\n-000470f0: 0a0a 2020 204d 6973 6365 6c61 6e65 6f75 .. Miscelaneou\n-00047100: 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 636d 6f73 2028 s:. ... cmos (\n-00047110: 7838 362d 2a2c 2069 6565 6531 3237 352c x86-*, ieee1275,\n-00047120: 206d 6970 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 732c mips-qemu_mips,\n-00047130: 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 293a mips-loongson):\n-00047140: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2020 2020 2028 cmostest. (\n-00047150: 7573 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206c 6170 used on some lap\n-00047160: 746f 7073 2074 6f20 6368 6563 6b20 666f tops to check fo\n-00047170: 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 706f 7765 722d r special power-\n-00047180: 6f6e 206b 6579 292c 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 on key), cmoscle\n-00047190: 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 an. ... i386-p\n-000471a0: 633a 2070 6c61 790a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a c: play....File:\n-000471b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000471c0: 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 e: Supported ker\n-000471d0: 6e65 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2054 726f nels, Next: Tro\n-000471e0: 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 ubleshooting, P\n-000471f0: 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 rev: Platform-sp\n-00047200: 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e ecific operation\n-00047210: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3220 s, Up: Top..22 \n-00047220: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 626f 6f74 2074 Supported boot t\n-00047230: 6172 6765 7473 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a argets.*********\n+00046560: 2020 2020 2020 6967 6e6f 7265 640a 0a20 ignored.. \n+00046570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n+00046580: 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 ongson spa\n+00046590: 7263 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 506f 7765 rc64 Powe\n+000465a0: 7270 6320 2020 2020 2020 2041 5243 0a76 rpc ARC.v\n+000465b0: 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ideo ye\n+000465c0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n+000465d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+000465e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f no.co\n+000465f0: 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 204e 2f41 nsole N/A\n+00046600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 ASCI\n+00046610: 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 I ASCII\n+00046620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 490a ASCII.\n+00046630: 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 charset.network \n+00046640: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046650: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 yes (*) \n+00046660: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046670: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 no.ATA/AHCI \n+00046680: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046690: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000466a0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000466b0: 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 no.AT keyboar\n+000466c0: 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 d yes \n+000466d0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000466e0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000466f0: 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 no.Speaker \n+00046700: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046710: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046720: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046730: 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n+00046740: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046750: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046760: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046770: 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 no.chainloader \n+00046780: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046790: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467a0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+000467b0: 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.cpuid \n+000467c0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467d0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+000467e0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+000467f0: 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .rdmsr \n+00046800: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046810: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+00046830: 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e wrmsr n\n+00046840: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00046860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a68 no.h\n+00046870: 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f ints 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2020 2020 no \n+00046990: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000469a0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000469b0: 2079 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f yes.bootlocatio\n+000469c0: 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n no \n+000469d0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2020 2020 partition \n+000469e0: 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+000469f0: 2066 696c 6520 282a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 file (*).. \n+00046a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d49 5053 2071 MIPS q\n+00046a10: 656d 7520 2020 2020 2065 6d75 2020 2020 emu emu \n+00046a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e0a 7669 6465 xen.vide\n+00046a30: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 o no \n+00046a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00046a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 no.cons\n+00046a60: 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 ole CP437\n+00046a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 Unicod\n+00046a80: 6520 282a 2920 2020 2041 5343 4949 0a63 e (*) ASCII.c\n+00046a90: 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 harset.network \n+00046aa0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ab0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046ac0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 no.ATA/AHCI \n+00046ad0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046ae0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046af0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 no.AT keyboa\n+00046b00: 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 rd yes \n+00046b10: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b20: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 no.Speaker \n+00046b30: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b40: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b50: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n+00046b60: 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n+00046b70: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046b80: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 no.chainload\n+00046b90: 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 er yes \n+00046ba0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046bb0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 6370 7569 6420 2020 yes.cpuid \n+00046bc0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046bd0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046be0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a72 646d 7372 2020 yes.rdmsr \n+00046bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c00: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c10: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 7772 6d73 7220 yes.wrmsr \n+00046c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c40: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a68 696e 7473 yes.hints\n+00046c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 guess \n+00046c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 4349 2020 no.PCI \n+00046c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 no.badra\n+00046cb0: 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a m yes (*\n+00046cc0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 ) no \n+00046cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7072 no.compr\n+00046ce0: 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 ession config\n+00046cf0: 7572 6162 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 urable no \n+00046d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 no.exit \n+00046d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6f6f 746c no.bootl\n+00046d40: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 ocation no \n+00046d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 file \n+00046d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 1f0a 4669 no....Fi\n+00046d70: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00046d80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 Node: Platform-s\n+00046d90: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f pecific operatio\n+00046da0: 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 7570 706f ns, Next: Suppo\n+00046db0: 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 2050 rted kernels, P\n+00046dc0: 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 rev: Platform li\n+00046dd0: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 mitations, Up: \n+00046de0: 546f 700a 0a32 3120 4f75 746c 696e 650a Top..21 Outline.\n+00046df0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f 6d65 **********..Some\n+00046e00: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 platforms have \n+00046e10: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2077 6869 6368 2061 features which a\n+00046e20: 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 llows to impleme\n+00046e30: 6e74 2073 6f6d 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nt some commands\n+00046e40: 0a75 7365 6c65 7373 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 .useless or not \n+00046e50: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 626c 6520 6f6e implementable on\n+00046e60: 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2051 7569 others... Qui\n+00046e70: 636b 2073 756d 6d61 7279 3a0a 0a20 2020 ck summary:.. \n+00046e80: 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7265 7472 Information retr\n+00046e90: 6965 7661 6c3a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d ieval:.. ... m\n+00046ea0: 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 3a20 ipsel-loongson: \n+00046eb0: 6c73 7370 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 lsspd. ... mip\n+00046ec0: 732d 6172 633a 206c 7364 6576 0a20 2020 s-arc: lsdev. \n+00046ed0: e280 a220 6566 693a 206c 7365 6669 7379 ... efi: lsefisy\n+00046ee0: 7374 6162 2c20 6c73 7361 6c2c 206c 7365 stab, lssal, lse\n+00046ef0: 6669 6d6d 6170 2c20 6c73 6566 690a 2020 fimmap, lsefi. \n+00046f00: 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6c73 ... i386-pc: ls\n+00046f10: 6170 6d0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d apm. ... i386-\n+00046f20: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 3a20 6c73 636f 7265 coreboot: lscore\n+00046f30: 626f 6f74 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 boot, coreboot_b\n+00046f40: 6f6f 7474 696d 652c 2063 626d 656d 630a oottime, cbmemc.\n+00046f50: 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 692d 656e 6162 ... acpi-enab\n+00046f60: 6c65 6420 2869 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 led (i386-pc, i3\n+00046f70: 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 86-coreboot, i38\n+00046f80: 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6-multiboot, *-e\n+00046f90: 6669 293a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 6163 7069 fi):. lsacpi\n+00046fa0: 0a0a 2020 2057 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6473 .. Workarounds\n+00046fb0: 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 for platform-sp\n+00046fc0: 6563 6966 6963 2069 7373 7565 733a 0a20 ecific issues:. \n+00046fd0: 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d65 6669 2f78 ... i386-efi/x\n+00046fe0: 3836 5f36 342d 6566 693a 206c 6f61 6462 86_64-efi: loadb\n+00046ff0: 696f 732c 2066 616b 6562 696f 732c 2066 ios, fakebios, f\n+00047000: 6978 5f76 6964 656f 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ix_video. ... \n+00047010: 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 2028 6933 acpi-enabled (i3\n+00047020: 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 86-pc, i386-core\n+00047030: 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 boot, i386-multi\n+00047040: 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 3a20 6163 boot, *-efi): ac\n+00047050: 7069 0a20 2020 2020 286f 7665 7272 6964 pi. (overrid\n+00047060: 6520 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 7329 0a20 e ACPI tables). \n+00047070: 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2064 ... i386-pc: d\n+00047080: 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 rivemap. ... i\n+00047090: 3338 362d 7063 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 386-pc: sendkey.\n+000470a0: 0a20 2020 4164 7661 6e63 6564 206f 7065 . Advanced ope\n+000470b0: 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 706f 7765 rations for powe\n+000470c0: 7220 7573 6572 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 r users:. ... \n+000470d0: 7838 363a 2069 6f72 7720 2864 6972 6563 x86: iorw (direc\n+000470e0: 7420 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 492f 4f20 t access to I/O \n+000470f0: 706f 7274 7329 0a0a 2020 204d 6973 6365 ports).. Misce\n+00047100: 6c61 6e65 6f75 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 laneous:. ... \n+00047110: 636d 6f73 2028 7838 362d 2a2c 2069 6565 cmos (x86-*, iee\n+00047120: 6531 3237 352c 206d 6970 732d 7165 6d75 e1275, mips-qemu\n+00047130: 5f6d 6970 732c 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e _mips, mips-loon\n+00047140: 6773 6f6e 293a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a gson): cmostest.\n+00047150: 2020 2020 2028 7573 6564 206f 6e20 736f (used on so\n+00047160: 6d65 206c 6170 746f 7073 2074 6f20 6368 me laptops to ch\n+00047170: 6563 6b20 666f 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 eck for special \n+00047180: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 292c 2063 power-on key), c\n+00047190: 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 mosclean. ... \n+000471a0: 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2070 6c61 790a 0a1f i386-pc: play...\n+000471b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000471c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 , Node: Support\n+000471d0: 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 ed kernels, Nex\n+000471e0: 743a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 t: Troubleshooti\n+000471f0: 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 ng, Prev: Platf\n+00047200: 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 orm-specific ope\n+00047210: 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f rations, Up: To\n+00047220: 700a 0a32 3220 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 p..22 Supported \n+00047230: 626f 6f74 2074 6172 6765 7473 0a2a 2a2a boot targets.***\n 00047240: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00047250: 0a0a 5838 3620 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 ..X86 support is\n-00047260: 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7365 6420 696e 2074 summarised in t\n-00047270: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 he following tab\n-00047280: 6c65 2e20 2022 5965 7322 206d 6561 6e73 le. \"Yes\" means\n-00047290: 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 6b65 726e 656c that the.kernel\n-000472a0: 2077 6f72 6b73 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6769 works on the gi\n-000472b0: 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2263 ven platform, \"c\n-000472c0: 7261 7368 6573 2220 6d65 616e 7320 616e rashes\" means an\n-000472d0: 2065 6172 6c79 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 6372 early kernel.cr\n-000472e0: 6173 6820 7768 6963 6820 7765 2068 6f70 ash which we hop\n-000472f0: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6669 7865 6420 e will be fixed \n-00047300: 6279 2063 6f6e 6365 726e 6564 206b 6572 by concerned ker\n-00047310: 6e65 6c20 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7273 2e20 nel developers. \n-00047320: 2022 6e6f 220a 6d65 616e 7320 4752 5542 \"no\".means GRUB\n-00047330: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 206c 6f61 6420 7468 doesn't load th\n-00047340: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 726e 656c 206f e given kernel o\n-00047350: 6e20 6120 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f n a given platfo\n-00047360: 726d 2e0a 2268 6561 646c 6573 7322 206d rm..\"headless\" m\n-00047370: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6b65 eans that the ke\n-00047380: 726e 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 2062 7574 206c rnel works but l\n-00047390: 6163 6b73 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2064 7269 acks console dri\n-000473a0: 7665 7273 2028 796f 750a 6361 6e20 7374 vers (you.can st\n-000473b0: 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7365 7269 616c 206f ill use serial o\n-000473c0: 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 636f 6e73 6f6c r network consol\n-000473d0: 6529 2e20 2049 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 e). In case of \n-000473e0: 226e 6f22 2061 6e64 2022 6372 6173 6865 \"no\" and \"crashe\n-000473f0: 7322 0a74 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e20 6973 s\".the reason is\n-00047400: 2067 6976 656e 2069 6e20 666f 6f74 6e6f given in footno\n-00047410: 7465 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te.. \n+00047250: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5838 3620 7375 7070 ******..X86 supp\n+00047260: 6f72 7420 6973 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7365 ort is summarise\n+00047270: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 d in the followi\n+00047280: 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 2022 5965 7322 ng table. \"Yes\"\n+00047290: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a means that the.\n+000472a0: 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 206f 6e20 kernel works on \n+000472b0: 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f the given platfo\n+000472c0: 726d 2c20 2263 7261 7368 6573 2220 6d65 rm, \"crashes\" me\n+000472d0: 616e 7320 616e 2065 6172 6c79 206b 6572 ans an early ker\n+000472e0: 6e65 6c0a 6372 6173 6820 7768 6963 6820 nel.crash which \n+000472f0: 7765 2068 6f70 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 we hope will be \n+00047300: 6669 7865 6420 6279 2063 6f6e 6365 726e fixed by concern\n+00047310: 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6465 7665 6c6f ed kernel develo\n+00047320: 7065 7273 2e20 2022 6e6f 220a 6d65 616e pers. \"no\".mean\n+00047330: 7320 4752 5542 2064 6f65 736e 2774 206c s GRUB doesn't l\n+00047340: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 oad the given ke\n+00047350: 726e 656c 206f 6e20 6120 6769 7665 6e20 rnel on a given \n+00047360: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2268 6561 646c platform..\"headl\n+00047370: 6573 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 ess\" means that \n+00047380: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 the kernel works\n+00047390: 2062 7574 206c 6163 6b73 2063 6f6e 736f but lacks conso\n+000473a0: 6c65 2064 7269 7665 7273 2028 796f 750a le drivers (you.\n+000473b0: 6361 6e20 7374 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7365 can still use se\n+000473c0: 7269 616c 206f 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 rial or network \n+000473d0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2e20 2049 6e20 6361 console). In ca\n+000473e0: 7365 206f 6620 226e 6f22 2061 6e64 2022 se of \"no\" and \"\n+000473f0: 6372 6173 6865 7322 0a74 6865 2072 6561 crashes\".the rea\n+00047400: 736f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2069 6e20 son is given in \n+00047410: 666f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 footnote.. \n 00047420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 2020 BIOS \n-00047440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7265 626f Corebo\n-00047450: 6f74 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 ot.BIOS chainloa\n-00047460: 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding \n-00047470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00047480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n-00047490: 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTLDR \n+00047430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 B\n+00047440: 494f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 IOS \n+00047450: 436f 7265 626f 6f74 0a42 494f 5320 6368 Coreboot.BIOS ch\n+00047460: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 ainloading \n+00047470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047480: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e s n\n+00047490: 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 o (1).NTLDR \n 000474a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000474b0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000474c0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 no (1).Pla\n-000474d0: 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n9 \n+000474b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+000474c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+000474d0: 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 1).Plan9 \n 000474e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000474f0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047500: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 646f no (1).Freedo\n-00047510: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s \n-00047520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047530: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00047540: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 no (1).FreeBSD b\n-00047550: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ootloader \n-00047560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00047570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-00047580: 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 shes (1).32-bit \n-00047590: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n-000475a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-000475b0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 s c\n-000475c0: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 rashes (5).64-bi\n-000475d0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kFreeBSD \n+000474f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00047500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00047510: 4672 6565 646f 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 Freedos \n+00047520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047530: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047540: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 no (1).Fre\n+00047550: 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 eBSD bootloader \n+00047560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047570: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047580: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 crashes (1).3\n+00047590: 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2-bit kFreeBSD \n+000475a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000475b0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000475c0: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 crashes (5)\n+000475d0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 .64-bit kFreeBSD\n 000475e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000475f0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047600: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d crashes (5).32-\n-00047610: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 bit kNetBSD \n-00047620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047630: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047640: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 crashes (1).6\n-00047650: 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 4-bit kNetBSD \n-00047660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047670: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047680: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 0a33 322d crashes.32-\n-00047690: 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 bit kOpenBSD \n-000476a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000476b0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000476c0: 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f yes.64-bit kO\n-000476d0: 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 penBSD \n-000476e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-000476f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047700: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 .Multiboot \n+000475f0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047600: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n+00047610: 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 5).32-bit kNetBS\n+00047620: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00047630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00047640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n+00047650: 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 (1).64-bit kNet\n+00047660: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00047670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00047680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n+00047690: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 es.32-bit kOpenB\n+000476a0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+000476b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000476c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d yes.64-\n+000476d0: 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 bit kOpenBSD \n+000476e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000476f0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047700: 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 yes.Multiboot\n 00047710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047720: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047730: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 yes.Multi\n-00047740: 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot2 \n+00047720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00047730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047740: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 .Multiboot2 \n 00047750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047760: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047770: 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 yes.32-bit Linu\n-00047780: 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 x (legacy protoc\n-00047790: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 ol) yes \n-000477a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-000477b0: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ).64-bit Linux (\n-000477c0: 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 legacy protocol)\n-000477d0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000477e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 no (1).3\n-000477f0: 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 2-bit Linux (mod\n-00047800: 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 ern protocol) \n-00047810: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047820: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 yes.64-bit \n-00047830: 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 Linux (modern pr\n-00047840: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 otocol) ye\n-00047850: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-00047860: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 es.32-bit XNU \n-00047870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00047890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 ?.64-bi\n-000478a0: 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t XNU \n+00047760: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047770: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 yes.32-bi\n+00047780: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 t Linux (legacy \n+00047790: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+000477a0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000477b0: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c no (1).64-bit L\n+000477c0: 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f inux (legacy pro\n+000477d0: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 tocol) yes\n+000477e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+000477f0: 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 (1).32-bit Linu\n+00047800: 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 x (modern protoc\n+00047810: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 ol) yes \n+00047820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 yes.6\n+00047830: 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 4-bit Linux (mod\n+00047840: 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 ern protocol) \n+00047850: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047860: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 yes.32-bit \n+00047870: 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n+00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047890: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f s ?\n+000478a0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 .64-bit XNU \n 000478b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000478c0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000478d0: 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 ?.32-bit EFI ch\n-000478e0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ainloader \n-000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 no (2) \n-00047900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n-00047910: 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 64-bit EFI chain\n-00047920: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n-00047930: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047940: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 no (2).App\n-00047950: 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 leloader \n+000478c0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000478d0: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 ?.32-bit \n+000478e0: 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 EFI chainloader \n+000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00047900: 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (2) n\n+00047910: 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 o (2).64-bit EFI\n+00047920: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 chainloader \n+00047930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n+00047940: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+00047950: 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2).Appleloader \n 00047960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047970: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047980: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 no (2).. \n-00047990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 no (2) \n+00047980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n+00047990: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 000479a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000479b0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot \n-000479c0: 2051 656d 750a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e Qemu.BIOS chain\n-000479d0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 loading \n-000479e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-000479f0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n-00047a00: 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 1).NTLDR \n+000479b0: 2020 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 Multiboot \n+000479c0: 2020 2020 2020 2051 656d 750a 4249 4f53 Qemu.BIOS\n+000479d0: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 chainloading \n+000479e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000479f0: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047a00: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n 00047a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 no (1) \n-00047a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n-00047a40: 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Plan9 \n+00047a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00047a30: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n+00047a40: 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 o (1).Plan9 \n 00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a60: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047a70: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 no (1).Fre\n-00047a80: 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eDOS \n+00047a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00047a70: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+00047a80: 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 1).FreeDOS \n 00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047aa0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047ab0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 no (1).FreeBS\n-00047ac0: 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 D bootloader \n-00047ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n-00047ae0: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 rashes (1) \n-00047af0: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 crashes (1).32-b\n-00047b00: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kFreeBSD \n-00047b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047b20: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 2020 crashes (5) \n-00047b30: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 crashes (5).64\n-00047b40: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 -bit kFreeBSD \n-00047b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047b60: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 crashes (5) \n-00047b70: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a crashes (5).\n-00047b80: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 32-bit kNetBSD \n-00047b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047ba0: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n-00047bb0: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n-00047bc0: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 ).64-bit kNetBSD\n-00047bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047be0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n-00047c00: 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kOpenBSD \n-00047c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c20: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047c30: 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 yes.64-bit kOp\n-00047c40: 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enBSD \n-00047c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00047c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-00047c70: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot \n+00047aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 no (1) \n+00047ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00047ac0: 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 FreeBSD bootload\n+00047ad0: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n+00047ae0: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n+00047af0: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n+00047b00: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 ).32-bit kFreeBS\n+00047b10: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00047b20: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n+00047b30: 3529 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 5) crashes \n+00047b40: 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 (5).64-bit kFree\n+00047b50: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00047b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n+00047b70: 2028 3529 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 (5) crashe\n+00047b80: 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 s (5).32-bit kNe\n+00047b90: 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tBSD \n+00047ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n+00047bb0: 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 es (1) cras\n+00047bc0: 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b hes (1).64-bit k\n+00047bd0: 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NetBSD \n+00047be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047c00: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 s.32-bit kOpenBS\n+00047c10: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00047c20: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 yes.64-b\n+00047c40: 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kOpenBSD \n+00047c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047c60: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047c70: 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 yes.Multiboot \n 00047c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c90: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047ca0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 yes.Multib\n-00047cb0: 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot2 \n-00047cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047cd0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00047ce0: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 yes.32-bit Linux\n-00047cf0: 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f (legacy protoco\n-00047d00: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 l) no (1) \n-00047d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00047d20: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c .64-bit Linux (l\n-00047d30: 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 egacy protocol) \n-00047d40: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047d50: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 no (1).32\n-00047d60: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 -bit Linux (mode\n-00047d70: 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 rn protocol) \n-00047d80: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047d90: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c yes.64-bit L\n-00047da0: 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f inux (modern pro\n-00047db0: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 tocol) yes\n-00047dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00047dd0: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 s.32-bit XNU \n-00047de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00047e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 ?.64-bit\n-00047e10: 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n-00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n-00047e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e40: 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 ?.32-bit EFI cha\n-00047e50: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 inloader \n-00047e60: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 no (2) \n-00047e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 no (2).6\n-00047e80: 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 4-bit EFI chainl\n-00047e90: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n-00047ea0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047eb0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c no (2).Appl\n-00047ec0: 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 eloader \n+00047c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00047ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00047cb0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot2 \n+00047cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047cd0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047ce0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n+00047cf0: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 Linux (legacy p\n+00047d00: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e rotocol) n\n+00047d10: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n+00047d20: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 no (1).64-bit Li\n+00047d30: 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 nux (legacy prot\n+00047d40: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ocol) no (\n+00047d50: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n+00047d60: 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 (1).32-bit Linux\n+00047d70: 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f (modern protoco\n+00047d80: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 l) yes \n+00047d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 yes.64\n+00047da0: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 -bit Linux (mode\n+00047db0: 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 rn protocol) \n+00047dc0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047dd0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 yes.32-bit X\n+00047de0: 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NU \n+00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 ? \n+00047e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n+00047e10: 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 64-bit XNU \n+00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047e30: 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00047e40: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 ?.32-bit E\n+00047e50: 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 FI chainloader \n+00047e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00047e70: 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (2) no\n+00047e80: 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 (2).64-bit EFI \n+00047e90: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 chainloader \n+00047ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n+00047eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n+00047ec0: 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 ).Appleloader \n 00047ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047ee0: 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047ef0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 no (2).. \n+00047ee0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 no (2) \n+00047ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a no (2)..\n 00047f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n-00047f20: 6133 3220 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 a32 EFI \n-00047f30: 616d 6436 3420 4546 490a 4249 4f53 2063 amd64 EFI.BIOS c\n-00047f40: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 hainloading \n-00047f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00047f60: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n-00047f70: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n-00047f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00047fa0: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n-00047fb0: 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 (1).Plan9 \n+00047f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047f20: 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4546 4920 2020 ia32 EFI \n+00047f30: 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 3420 4546 490a amd64 EFI.\n+00047f40: 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e BIOS chainloadin\n+00047f50: 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g \n+00047f60: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047f70: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c no (1).NTL\n+00047f80: 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 DR \n+00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047fa0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047fb0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 no (1).Plan9 \n 00047fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 no (1) \n-00047fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00047ff0: 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 .FreeDOS \n+00047fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+00047fe0: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n+00047ff0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 no (1).FreeDOS \n 00048000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048010: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048020: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 no (1).Fr\n-00048030: 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 eeBSD bootloader\n-00048040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048050: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 crashes (1) \n-00048060: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a crashes (1).\n-00048070: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 32-bit kFreeBSD \n-00048080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048090: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 headless \n-000480a0: 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 headless.6\n-000480b0: 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 4-bit kFreeBSD \n-000480c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000480d0: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 headless \n-000480e0: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3332 headless.32\n-000480f0: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 -bit kNetBSD \n-00048100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048110: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 crashes (1) \n-00048120: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a crashes (1).\n-00048130: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 64-bit kNetBSD \n-00048140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048150: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048160: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n-00048170: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n-00048180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 h\n-00048190: 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 eadless \n-000481a0: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 342d 6269 7420 headless.64-bit \n-000481b0: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n-000481c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 he\n-000481d0: 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 adless h\n-000481e0: 6561 646c 6573 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f eadless.Multiboo\n-000481f0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n-00048200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00048210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00048220: 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 s.Multiboot2 \n-00048230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048240: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n-00048260: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 it Linux (legacy\n-00048270: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00048280: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048290: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 no (1).64-bit \n-000482a0: 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 Linux (legacy pr\n-000482b0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f otocol) no\n-000482c0: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n-000482d0: 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e o (1).32-bit Lin\n-000482e0: 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f ux (modern proto\n-000482f0: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 col) yes \n-00048300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-00048310: 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 64-bit Linux (mo\n-00048320: 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 dern protocol) \n-00048330: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048340: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n-00048350: 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n-00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00048370: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00048380: 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 yes.64-bit XNU \n-00048390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 3429 yes (4)\n-000483b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n-000483c0: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f -bit EFI chainlo\n-000483d0: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-000483e0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000483f0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 0a36 342d 6269 no (3).64-bi\n-00048400: 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 t EFI chainloade\n-00048410: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n-00048420: 6e6f 2028 3329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (3) \n-00048430: 2079 6573 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 yes.Appleloader\n-00048440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00048460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a0a yes..\n-00048470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00048020: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n+00048030: 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 (1).FreeBSD boot\n+00048040: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+00048050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n+00048060: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 (1) crashe\n+00048070: 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 s (1).32-bit kFr\n+00048080: 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeBSD \n+00048090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c headl\n+000480a0: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 ess head\n+000480b0: 6c65 7373 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 less.64-bit kFre\n+000480c0: 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eBSD \n+000480d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 headle\n+000480e0: 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c ss headl\n+000480f0: 6573 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 ess.32-bit kNetB\n+00048100: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+00048110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n+00048120: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 (1) crashe\n+00048130: 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 s (1).64-bit kNe\n+00048140: 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tBSD \n+00048150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00048160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00048170: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 32-bit kOpenBSD \n+00048180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048190: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 headless \n+000481a0: 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 headless.6\n+000481b0: 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 4-bit kOpenBSD \n+000481c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000481d0: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 headless \n+000481e0: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 4d75 headless.Mu\n+000481f0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 ltiboot \n+00048200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048210: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048220: 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f yes.Multiboo\n+00048230: 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t2 \n+00048240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00048250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00048260: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 s.32-bit Linux (\n+00048270: 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 legacy protocol)\n+00048280: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n+00048290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 no (1).6\n+000482a0: 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 4-bit Linux (leg\n+000482b0: 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 acy protocol) \n+000482c0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+000482d0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 no (1).32-b\n+000482e0: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e it Linux (modern\n+000482f0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+00048300: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048310: 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e yes.64-bit Lin\n+00048320: 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f ux (modern proto\n+00048330: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 col) yes \n+00048340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00048350: 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 32-bit XNU \n+00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048370: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048380: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 yes.64-bit\n+00048390: 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n+000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+000483b0: 6573 2028 3429 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es (4) \n+000483c0: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 yes.32-bit EFI c\n+000483d0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 hainloader \n+000483e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+000483f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 no (3)\n+00048400: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 .64-bit EFI chai\n+00048410: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloader \n+00048420: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 2020 2020 no (3) \n+00048430: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 7070 6c65 yes.Apple\n+00048440: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+00048450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048460: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048470: 2079 6573 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes.. \n 00048480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048490: 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4945 4545 3132 ia32 IEEE12\n-000484a0: 3735 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 75.BIOS chainloa\n-000484b0: 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding \n-000484c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e no (1).N\n-000484d0: 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 TLDR \n+00048490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 ia32 \n+000484a0: 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a42 494f 5320 6368 IEEE1275.BIOS ch\n+000484b0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 ainloading \n+000484c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+000484d0: 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 (1).NTLDR \n 000484e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000484f0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 no (1).Plan9\n-00048500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000484f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00048500: 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Plan9 \n 00048510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048520: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 no (1).FreeDOS \n-00048530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00048550: 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 1).FreeBSD bootl\n-00048560: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n-00048570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n-00048580: 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 (1).32-bit kFree\n-00048590: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-000485a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n-000485b0: 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 (5).64-bit kFre\n-000485c0: 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eBSD \n-000485d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n-000485e0: 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 s (5).32-bit kNe\n-000485f0: 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tBSD \n-00048600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n-00048610: 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e es (1).64-bit kN\n-00048620: 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etBSD \n-00048630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 ?.32\n-00048640: 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 -bit kOpenBSD \n-00048650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048660: 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 ?.64-bit kOpe\n-00048670: 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nBSD \n-00048680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 4d75 6c74 ?.Mult\n-00048690: 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot \n+00048520: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 no (1).Fre\n+00048530: 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eDOS \n+00048540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048550: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 no (1).FreeBSD\n+00048560: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 bootloader \n+00048570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n+00048580: 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 ashes (1).32-bit\n+00048590: 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n+000485a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+000485b0: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 rashes (5).64-bi\n+000485c0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kFreeBSD \n+000485d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000485e0: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 crashes (5).32-b\n+000485f0: 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 it kNetBSD \n+00048600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048610: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d crashes (1).64-\n+00048620: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 bit kNetBSD \n+00048630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048640: 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e ?.32-bit kOpen\n+00048650: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00048660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 ?.64-bi\n+00048670: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kOpenBSD \n+00048680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048690: 3f0a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 ?.Multiboot \n 000486a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486b0: 203f 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 ?.Multiboot2 \n-000486c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 ?.32-bit\n-000486e0: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 Linux (legacy p\n-000486f0: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e rotocol) n\n-00048700: 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e o (1).64-bit Lin\n-00048710: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n-00048720: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 col) no (1\n-00048730: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ).32-bit Linux (\n-00048740: 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 modern protocol)\n-00048750: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 ?.64-bit \n-00048760: 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 Linux (modern pr\n-00048770: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 3f0a otocol) ?.\n-00048780: 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 32-bit XNU \n+000486b0: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a4d 756c 7469 626f ?.Multibo\n+000486c0: 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot2 \n+000486d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n+000486e0: 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 32-bit Linux (le\n+000486f0: 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 gacy protocol) \n+00048700: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 no (1).64-b\n+00048710: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 it Linux (legacy\n+00048720: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+00048730: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c no (1).32-bit L\n+00048740: 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f inux (modern pro\n+00048750: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 tocol) ?.6\n+00048760: 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 4-bit Linux (mod\n+00048770: 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 ern protocol) \n+00048780: 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 ?.32-bit XNU\n 00048790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000487a0: 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e ?.64-bit XN\n-000487b0: 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 U \n-000487c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 ?.32\n-000487d0: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f -bit EFI chainlo\n-000487e0: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-000487f0: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 no (2).64-bit\n-00048800: 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 EFI chainloader\n-00048810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00048820: 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 o (2).Appleloade\n-00048830: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n-00048840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n-00048850: 290a 0a20 2031 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 ).. 1. Requires\n-00048860: 2042 494f 530a 2020 322e 2045 4649 206f BIOS. 2. EFI o\n-00048870: 6e6c 790a 2020 332e 2033 322d 6269 7420 nly. 3. 32-bit \n-00048880: 616e 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2068 and 64-bit EFI h\n-00048890: 6176 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 7374 ave different st\n-000488a0: 7275 6374 7572 6573 2061 6e64 2077 6f72 ructures and wor\n-000488b0: 6b20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6666 6572 k in. differ\n-000488c0: 656e 7420 4350 5520 6d6f 6465 7320 736f ent CPU modes so\n-000488d0: 2069 7427 7320 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 it's not possib\n-000488e0: 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6420 le to chainload \n-000488f0: 3332 2d62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 32-bit. boot\n-00048900: 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 3634 2d62 6974 loader on 64-bit\n-00048910: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 616e 6420 7669 platform and vi\n-00048920: 6365 2d76 6572 7361 0a20 2034 2e20 536f ce-versa. 4. So\n-00048930: 6d65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 206e me modules may n\n-00048940: 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c eed to be disabl\n-00048950: 6564 0a20 2035 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 ed. 5. Requires\n-00048960: 2041 4350 490a 0a20 2020 506f 7765 7250 ACPI.. PowerP\n-00048970: 432c 2049 4136 3420 616e 6420 5370 6172 C, IA64 and Spar\n-00048980: 6336 3420 706f 7274 7320 7375 7070 6f72 c64 ports suppor\n-00048990: 7420 6f6e 6c79 204c 696e 7578 2e20 204d t only Linux. M\n-000489a0: 4950 5320 706f 7274 0a73 7570 706f 7274 IPS port.support\n-000489b0: 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 s Linux and mult\n-000489c0: 6962 6f6f 7432 2e0a 0a32 322e 3120 426f iboot2...22.1 Bo\n-000489d0: 6f74 2074 6573 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ot tests.=======\n-000489e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4173 2079 6f75 ========..As you\n-000489f0: 2068 6176 6520 7365 656e 2069 6e20 7072 have seen in pr\n-00048a00: 6576 696f 7573 2063 6861 7074 6572 2074 evious chapter t\n-00048a10: 6865 2073 7570 706f 7274 206d 6174 7269 he support matri\n-00048a20: 7820 6973 2070 7265 7474 7920 6269 670a x is pretty big.\n-00048a30: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 and some of the \n-00048a40: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2061 configurations a\n-00048a50: 7265 206f 6e6c 7920 7261 7265 6c79 2075 re only rarely u\n-00048a60: 7365 642e 2020 546f 2065 6e73 7572 6520 sed. To ensure \n-00048a70: 7468 650a 7175 616c 6974 7920 626f 6f74 the.quality boot\n-00048a80: 6368 6563 6b73 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c checks are avail\n-00048a90: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2078 3836 able for all x86\n-00048aa0: 2074 6172 6765 7473 2065 7863 6570 7420 targets except \n-00048ab0: 4546 490a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c EFI.chainloader,\n-00048ac0: 2041 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 Appleloader and\n-00048ad0: 2058 4e55 2e20 416c 6c20 7838 3620 706c XNU. All x86 pl\n-00048ae0: 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 2062 6f6f atforms have boo\n-00048af0: 7463 6865 636b 0a66 6163 696c 6974 7920 tcheck.facility \n-00048b00: 6578 6365 7074 2069 6565 6531 3237 352e except ieee1275.\n-00048b10: 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 206d 756c Multiboot, mul\n-00048b20: 7469 626f 6f74 322c 2042 494f 5320 6368 tiboot2, BIOS ch\n-00048b30: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 0a6e 746c 6472 ainloader,.ntldr\n-00048b40: 2061 6e64 2066 7265 6562 7364 2d62 6f6f and freebsd-boo\n-00048b50: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 626f 6f74 2074 6172 tloader boot tar\n-00048b60: 6765 7473 2061 7265 2074 6573 7465 6420 gets are tested \n-00048b70: 6f6e 6c79 2077 6974 6820 6120 6661 6b65 only with a fake\n-00048b80: 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6573 2e20 .kernel images. \n-00048b90: 204f 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 7820 6973 2074 Only Linux is t\n-00048ba0: 6573 7465 6420 616d 6f6e 6720 7468 6520 ested among the \n-00048bb0: 7061 796c 6f61 6473 2075 7369 6e67 204c payloads using L\n-00048bc0: 696e 7578 0a70 726f 746f 636f 6c73 2e0a inux.protocols..\n-00048bd0: 0a20 2020 466f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7661 . Following va\n-00048be0: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 riables must be \n-00048bf0: 6465 6669 6e65 643a 0a0a 4752 5542 5f50 defined:..GRUB_P\n-00048c00: 4159 4c4f 4144 535f 4449 5220 2020 2020 AYLOADS_DIR \n-00048c10: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 directory conta\n-00048c20: 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 ining the requir\n-00048c30: 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 0a47 5255 425f ed kernels.GRUB_\n-00048c40: 4342 4653 544f 4f4c 2020 2020 2020 2020 CBFSTOOL \n-00048c50: 2020 6362 6673 746f 6f6c 2066 726f 6d20 cbfstool from \n-00048c60: 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6163 6b61 6765 Coreboot package\n-00048c70: 2028 666f 7220 636f 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 (for coreboot. \n-00048c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048c90: 2020 2020 2020 706c 6174 666f 726d 206f platform o\n-00048ca0: 6e6c 7929 0a47 5255 425f 434f 5245 424f nly).GRUB_COREBO\n-00048cb0: 4f54 5f52 4f4d 2020 2020 2020 656d 7074 OT_ROM empt\n-00048cc0: 7920 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2052 4f4d 0a47 y Coreboot ROM.G\n-00048cd0: 5255 425f 5145 4d55 5f4f 5054 5320 2020 RUB_QEMU_OPTS \n-00048ce0: 2020 2020 2020 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c additional\n-00048cf0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6265 2073 options to be s\n-00048d00: 7570 706c 6965 6420 746f 2051 454d 550a upplied to QEMU.\n-00048d10: 0a20 2020 5265 7175 6972 6564 2066 696c . Required fil\n-00048d20: 6573 2061 7265 3a0a 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 es are:..kfreebs\n-00048d30: 645f 656e 762e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 d_env.i386 \n-00048d40: 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 6b46 32-bit kF\n-00048d50: 7265 6542 5344 2064 6576 6963 6520 6869 reeBSD device hi\n-00048d60: 6e74 730a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 2e69 3338 nts.kfreebsd.i38\n-00048d70: 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6 \n-00048d80: 2020 3332 2d62 6974 2046 7265 6542 5344 32-bit FreeBSD\n-00048d90: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 650a 6b66 kernel image.kf\n-00048da0: 7265 6562 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 342c 2020 reebsd.x86_64, \n-00048db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 6d65 same\n-00048dc0: 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 from 64-bit kFr\n-00048dd0: 6565 4253 440a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f65 eeBSD.kfreebsd_e\n-00048de0: 6e76 2e78 3836 5f36 340a 6b6e 6574 6273 nv.x86_64.knetbs\n-00048df0: 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d.i386 \n-00048e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 204e 32-bit N\n-00048e10: 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 etBSD kernel ima\n-00048e20: 6765 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e6d 696e 6972 ge.knetbsd.minir\n-00048e30: 6f6f 742e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot.i386 \n-00048e40: 2033 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 32-bit kNetBSD \n-00048e50: 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 642e 0a6b miniroot.kmod..k\n-00048e60: 6e65 7462 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 342c 2020 netbsd.x86_64, \n-00048e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d sam\n-00048e80: 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b4e e from 64-bit kN\n-00048e90: 6574 4253 440a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 6d69 etBSD.knetbsd.mi\n-00048ea0: 6e69 726f 6f74 2e78 3836 5f36 340a 6b6f niroot.x86_64.ko\n-00048eb0: 7065 6e62 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 penbsd.i386 \n-00048ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 32-b\n-00048ed0: 6974 204f 7065 6e42 5344 206b 6572 6e65 it OpenBSD kerne\n-00048ee0: 6c20 6273 642e 7264 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b l bsd.rd image.k\n-00048ef0: 6f70 656e 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 2020 openbsd.x86_64 \n-00048f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d sam\n-00048f10: 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b4f e from 64-bit kO\n-00048f20: 7065 6e42 5344 0a6c 696e 7578 2e69 3338 penBSD.linux.i38\n-00048f30: 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6 \n-00048f40: 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 32-bit Linu\n-00048f50: 780a 6c69 6e75 782e 7838 365f 3634 2020 x.linux.x86_64 \n-00048f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048f70: 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 0a0a 1f0a 64-bit Linux....\n-00048f80: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00048f90: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 Node: Troubles\n-00048fa0: 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 hooting, Next: \n-00048fb0: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n-00048fc0: 7469 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 7570 ties, Prev: Sup\n-00048fd0: 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 ported kernels, \n-00048fe0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3233 2045 7272 Up: Top..23 Err\n-00048ff0: 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 7320 7072 6f64 or messages prod\n-00049000: 7563 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a2a 2a2a uced by GRUB.***\n-00049010: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00049020: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-00049030: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4752 5542 .* Menu:..* GRUB\n-00049040: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 only offers a r\n-00049050: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 escue shell::.* \n-00049060: 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 Firmware stalls \n-00049070: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 instead of booti\n-00049080: 6e67 2047 5255 423a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ng GRUB::....Fil\n-00049090: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000490a0: 6f64 653a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f ode: GRUB only o\n-000490b0: 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 ffers a rescue s\n-000490c0: 6865 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 6972 hell, Next: Fir\n-000490d0: 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 mware stalls ins\n-000490e0: 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 tead of booting \n-000490f0: 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a 2054 726f 7562 GRUB, Up: Troub\n-00049100: 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 3233 2e31 leshooting..23.1\n-00049110: 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 GRUB only offer\n-00049120: 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c s a rescue shell\n-00049130: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+000487a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d ?.64-\n+000487b0: 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 bit XNU \n+000487c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000487d0: 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 ?.32-bit EFI c\n+000487e0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 hainloader \n+000487f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n+00048800: 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 64-bit EFI chain\n+00048810: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+00048820: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c no (2).Appl\n+00048830: 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 eloader \n+00048840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048850: 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2031 2e20 5265 no (2).. 1. Re\n+00048860: 7175 6972 6573 2042 494f 530a 2020 322e quires BIOS. 2.\n+00048870: 2045 4649 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 332e 2033 EFI only. 3. 3\n+00048880: 322d 6269 7420 616e 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2-bit and 64-bit\n+00048890: 2045 4649 2068 6176 6520 6469 6666 6572 EFI have differ\n+000488a0: 656e 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2061 ent structures a\n+000488b0: 6e64 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 nd work in. \n+000488c0: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 4350 5520 6d6f different CPU mo\n+000488d0: 6465 7320 736f 2069 7427 7320 6e6f 7420 des so it's not \n+000488e0: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 6169 possible to chai\n+000488f0: 6e6c 6f61 6420 3332 2d62 6974 0a20 2020 nload 32-bit. \n+00048900: 2020 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 bootloader on \n+00048910: 3634 2d62 6974 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 64-bit platform \n+00048920: 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 0a20 and vice-versa. \n+00048930: 2034 2e20 536f 6d65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 4. Some modules\n+00048940: 206d 6179 206e 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 may need to be \n+00048950: 6469 7361 626c 6564 0a20 2035 2e20 5265 disabled. 5. Re\n+00048960: 7175 6972 6573 2041 4350 490a 0a20 2020 quires ACPI.. \n+00048970: 506f 7765 7250 432c 2049 4136 3420 616e PowerPC, IA64 an\n+00048980: 6420 5370 6172 6336 3420 706f 7274 7320 d Sparc64 ports \n+00048990: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6f6e 6c79 204c 696e support only Lin\n+000489a0: 7578 2e20 204d 4950 5320 706f 7274 0a73 ux. MIPS port.s\n+000489b0: 7570 706f 7274 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 616e upports Linux an\n+000489c0: 6420 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2e0a 0a32 d multiboot2...2\n+000489d0: 322e 3120 426f 6f74 2074 6573 7473 0a3d 2.1 Boot tests.=\n+000489e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+000489f0: 4173 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7365 656e As you have seen\n+00048a00: 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2063 6861 in previous cha\n+00048a10: 7074 6572 2074 6865 2073 7570 706f 7274 pter the support\n+00048a20: 206d 6174 7269 7820 6973 2070 7265 7474 matrix is prett\n+00048a30: 7920 6269 670a 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f y big.and some o\n+00048a40: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 f the configurat\n+00048a50: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206f 6e6c 7920 7261 ions are only ra\n+00048a60: 7265 6c79 2075 7365 642e 2020 546f 2065 rely used. To e\n+00048a70: 6e73 7572 6520 7468 650a 7175 616c 6974 nsure the.qualit\n+00048a80: 7920 626f 6f74 6368 6563 6b73 2061 7265 y bootchecks are\n+00048a90: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2061 available for a\n+00048aa0: 6c6c 2078 3836 2074 6172 6765 7473 2065 ll x86 targets e\n+00048ab0: 7863 6570 7420 4546 490a 6368 6169 6e6c xcept EFI.chainl\n+00048ac0: 6f61 6465 722c 2041 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 oader, Appleload\n+00048ad0: 6572 2061 6e64 2058 4e55 2e20 416c 6c20 er and XNU. All \n+00048ae0: 7838 3620 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 x86 platforms ha\n+00048af0: 7665 2062 6f6f 7463 6865 636b 0a66 6163 ve bootcheck.fac\n+00048b00: 696c 6974 7920 6578 6365 7074 2069 6565 ility except iee\n+00048b10: 6531 3237 352e 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f e1275. Multiboo\n+00048b20: 742c 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 322c 2042 t, multiboot2, B\n+00048b30: 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c IOS chainloader,\n+00048b40: 0a6e 746c 6472 2061 6e64 2066 7265 6562 .ntldr and freeb\n+00048b50: 7364 2d62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 626f sd-bootloader bo\n+00048b60: 6f74 2074 6172 6765 7473 2061 7265 2074 ot targets are t\n+00048b70: 6573 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6974 6820 ested only with \n+00048b80: 6120 6661 6b65 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d a fake.kernel im\n+00048b90: 6167 6573 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 ages. Only Linu\n+00048ba0: 7820 6973 2074 6573 7465 6420 616d 6f6e x is tested amon\n+00048bb0: 6720 7468 6520 7061 796c 6f61 6473 2075 g the payloads u\n+00048bc0: 7369 6e67 204c 696e 7578 0a70 726f 746f sing Linux.proto\n+00048bd0: 636f 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 6c6c 6f77 cols... Follow\n+00048be0: 696e 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6d75 ing variables mu\n+00048bf0: 7374 2062 6520 6465 6669 6e65 643a 0a0a st be defined:..\n+00048c00: 4752 5542 5f50 4159 4c4f 4144 535f 4449 GRUB_PAYLOADS_DI\n+00048c10: 5220 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 R directory\n+00048c20: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 containing the \n+00048c30: 7265 7175 6972 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 required kernels\n+00048c40: 0a47 5255 425f 4342 4653 544f 4f4c 2020 .GRUB_CBFSTOOL \n+00048c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6362 6673 746f 6f6c cbfstool\n+00048c60: 2066 726f 6d20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 from Coreboot p\n+00048c70: 6163 6b61 6765 2028 666f 7220 636f 7265 ackage (for core\n+00048c80: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot. \n+00048c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6174 plat\n+00048ca0: 666f 726d 206f 6e6c 7929 0a47 5255 425f form only).GRUB_\n+00048cb0: 434f 5245 424f 4f54 5f52 4f4d 2020 2020 COREBOOT_ROM \n+00048cc0: 2020 656d 7074 7920 436f 7265 626f 6f74 empty Coreboot\n+00048cd0: 2052 4f4d 0a47 5255 425f 5145 4d55 5f4f ROM.GRUB_QEMU_O\n+00048ce0: 5054 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6164 6469 PTS addi\n+00048cf0: 7469 6f6e 616c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 tional options t\n+00048d00: 6f20 6265 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 746f o be supplied to\n+00048d10: 2051 454d 550a 0a20 2020 5265 7175 6972 QEMU.. Requir\n+00048d20: 6564 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 3a0a 0a6b ed files are:..k\n+00048d30: 6672 6565 6273 645f 656e 762e 6933 3836 freebsd_env.i386\n+00048d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 32-\n+00048d50: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2064 6576 bit kFreeBSD dev\n+00048d60: 6963 6520 6869 6e74 730a 6b66 7265 6562 ice hints.kfreeb\n+00048d70: 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 sd.i386 \n+00048d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 2046 32-bit F\n+00048d90: 7265 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d reeBSD kernel im\n+00048da0: 6167 650a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 2e78 3836 age.kfreebsd.x86\n+00048db0: 5f36 342c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _64, \n+00048dc0: 2020 7361 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 same from 64-b\n+00048dd0: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 440a 6b66 7265 it kFreeBSD.kfre\n+00048de0: 6562 7364 5f65 6e76 2e78 3836 5f36 340a ebsd_env.x86_64.\n+00048df0: 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 knetbsd.i386 \n+00048e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 32\n+00048e10: 2d62 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2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6_64 \n+00048f10: 2020 2073 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d same from 64-\n+00048f20: 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 0a6c 696e bit kOpenBSD.lin\n+00048f30: 7578 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 ux.i386 \n+00048f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 32-bi\n+00048f50: 7420 4c69 6e75 780a 6c69 6e75 782e 7838 t Linux.linux.x8\n+00048f60: 365f 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6_64 \n+00048f70: 2020 2020 2020 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 64-bit Lin\n+00048f80: 7578 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ux....File: grub\n+00048f90: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 .info, Node: Tr\n+00048fa0: 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 oubleshooting, \n+00048fb0: 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 Next: User-space\n+00048fc0: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 2050 7265 utilities, Pre\n+00048fd0: 763a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 v: Supported ker\n+00048fe0: 6e65 6c73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a nels, Up: Top..\n+00048ff0: 3233 2045 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 23 Error message\n+00049000: 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2062 7920 4752 s produced by GR\n+00049010: 5542 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a UB.*************\n+00049020: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00049030: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a *****..* Menu:..\n+00049040: 2a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 * GRUB only offe\n+00049050: 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c rs a rescue shel\n+00049060: 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 l::.* Firmware s\n+00049070: 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 talls instead of\n+00049080: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 423a 3a0a booting GRUB::.\n+00049090: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000490a0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 5255 4220 fo, Node: GRUB \n+000490b0: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 only offers a re\n+000490c0: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 scue shell, Nex\n+000490d0: 743a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c t: Firmware stal\n+000490e0: 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f ls instead of bo\n+000490f0: 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a oting GRUB, Up:\n+00049100: 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 Troubleshooting\n+00049110: 0a0a 3233 2e31 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 ..23.1 GRUB only\n+00049120: 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 offers a rescue\n+00049130: 2073 6865 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d shell.=========\n 00049140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00049150: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4227 7320 6e6f =====..GRUB's no\n-00049160: 726d 616c 2073 7461 7274 2d75 7020 7072 rmal start-up pr\n-00049170: 6f63 6564 7572 6520 696e 766f 6c76 6573 ocedure involves\n-00049180: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 setting the ...\n-00049190: 7072 6566 6978 e280 990a 656e 7669 726f prefix....enviro\n-000491a0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 nment variable t\n-000491b0: 6f20 6120 7661 6c75 6520 7365 7420 696e o a value set in\n-000491c0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 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This.c\n-00049280: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7265 7370 6f6e ommand is respon\n-00049290: 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 7265 6164 696e sible for readin\n-000492a0: 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f g .../boot/grub/\n-000492b0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2072 756e grub.cfg..., run\n-000492c0: 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 0a6d 656e 752c 2061 ning the.menu, a\n-000492d0: 6e64 2064 6f69 6e67 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 nd doing all the\n-000492e0: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7468 696e 6773 2047 useful things G\n-000492f0: 5255 4220 6973 2073 7570 706f 7365 6420 RUB is supposed \n-00049300: 746f 2064 6f2e 0a0a 2020 2049 662c 2069 to do... If, i\n-00049310: 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 796f 7520 6f6e 6c79 nstead, you only\n-00049320: 2067 6574 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 get a rescue sh\n-00049330: 656c 6c2c 2074 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c ell, this usuall\n-00049340: 7920 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a47 5255 y means that.GRU\n-00049350: 4220 6661 696c 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 B failed to load\n-00049360: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 the ...normal..\n-00049370: 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 6f6d . module for som\n-00049380: 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 e reason. It ma\n-00049390: 7920 6265 0a70 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f y be.possible to\n-000493a0: 2077 6f72 6b20 6172 6f75 6e64 2074 6869 work around thi\n-000493b0: 7320 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 696c 793a 2066 s temporarily: f\n-000493c0: 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2069 6620 or instance, if \n-000493d0: 7468 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 0a66 6f72 2074 the reason.for t\n-000493e0: 6865 2066 6169 6c75 7265 2069 7320 7468 he failure is th\n-000493f0: 6174 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 at ...prefix... \n-00049400: 6973 2077 726f 6e67 2028 7065 7268 6170 is wrong (perhap\n-00049410: 7320 6974 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f 2074 s it refers to t\n-00049420: 6865 0a77 726f 6e67 2064 6576 6963 652c he.wrong device,\n-00049430: 206f 7220 7065 7268 6170 7320 7468 6520 or perhaps the \n-00049440: 7061 7468 2074 6f20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 path to .../boot\n-00049450: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2077 6173 206e 6f74 /grub... was not\n-00049460: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 206d 6164 650a correctly made.\n-00049470: 7265 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 7468 6520 relative to the \n-00049480: 6465 7669 6365 292c 2074 6865 6e20 796f device), then yo\n-00049490: 7520 6361 6e20 636f 7272 6563 7420 7468 u can correct th\n-000494a0: 6973 2061 6e64 2065 6e74 6572 206e 6f72 is and enter nor\n-000494b0: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a6d 616e 7561 6c6c mal mode.manuall\n-000494c0: 793a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2049 6e73 7065 y:.. # Inspe\n-000494d0: 6374 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2070 ct the current p\n-000494e0: 7265 6669 7820 2861 6e64 206f 7468 6572 refix (and other\n-000494f0: 2070 7265 7365 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 preset variable\n-00049500: 7329 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 0a20 2020 s):. set. \n-00049510: 2020 2320 4669 6e64 206f 7574 2077 6869 # Find out whi\n-00049520: 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 2061 7265 2061 ch devices are a\n-00049530: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 206c vailable:. l\n-00049540: 730a 2020 2020 2023 2053 6574 2074 6f20 s. # Set to \n-00049550: 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 7661 6c75 the correct valu\n-00049560: 652c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6967 6874 2062 e, which might b\n-00049570: 6520 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 e something like\n-00049580: 2074 6869 733a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 this:. set \n-00049590: 7072 6566 6978 3d28 6864 302c 3129 2f67 prefix=(hd0,1)/g\n-000495a0: 7275 620a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f rub. set roo\n-000495b0: 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2069 t=(hd0,1). i\n-000495c0: 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e6f 726d 616c 0a20 2020 nsmod normal. \n-000495d0: 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 normal.. How\n-000495e0: 6576 6572 2c20 616e 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 ever, any proble\n-000495f0: 6d20 7468 6174 206c 6561 7665 7320 796f m that leaves yo\n-00049600: 7520 696e 2074 6865 2072 6573 6375 6520 u in the rescue \n-00049610: 7368 656c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a6d shell probably.m\n-00049620: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2077 eans that GRUB w\n-00049630: 6173 206e 6f74 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 as not correctly\n-00049640: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2e20 2049 7420 installed. It \n-00049650: 6d61 7920 6265 206d 6f72 6520 7573 6566 may be more usef\n-00049660: 756c 2074 6f0a 7472 7920 746f 2072 6569 ul to.try to rei\n-00049670: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 7420 7072 6f70 6572 nstall it proper\n-00049680: 6c79 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ly using ...grub\n-00049690: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2044 4556 4943 45e2 -install DEVICE.\n-000496a0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 .. (*note Invoki\n-000496b0: 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a ng.grub-install:\n-000496c0: 3a29 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 646f 696e 6720 :). When doing \n-000496d0: 7468 6973 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 this, there are \n-000496e0: 6120 6665 7720 7468 696e 6773 2074 6f20 a few things to \n-000496f0: 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 remember:.. ..\n-00049700: a220 4472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 . Drive ordering\n-00049710: 2069 6e20 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 in your operati\n-00049720: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6d61 7920 6e6f ng system may no\n-00049730: 7420 6265 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 t be the same as\n-00049740: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2064 the. boot d\n-00049750: 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 7573 rive ordering us\n-00049760: 6564 2062 7920 796f 7572 2066 6972 6d77 ed by your firmw\n-00049770: 6172 652e 2020 446f 206e 6f74 2061 7373 are. Do not ass\n-00049780: 756d 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 720a 2020 ume that your. \n-00049790: 2020 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6472 first hard dr\n-000497a0: 6976 6520 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 2f64 ive (e.g. .../d\n-000497b0: 6576 2f73 6461 e280 9929 2069 7320 7468 ev/sda...) is th\n-000497c0: 6520 6f6e 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 e one that your \n-000497d0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7769 firmware. wi\n-000497e0: 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2e20 20e2 ll boot from. .\n-000497f0: 8098 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 9920 ..device.map... \n-00049800: 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 (*note Device ma\n-00049810: 703a 3a29 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 p::) can be used\n-00049820: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206f 7665 7272 6964 to. overrid\n-00049830: 6520 7468 6973 2c20 6275 7420 6974 2069 e this, but it i\n-00049840: 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 7474 6572 s usually better\n-00049850: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5555 4944 7320 6f72 to use UUIDs or\n-00049860: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 file system. \n-00049870: 2020 6c61 6265 6c73 2061 6e64 2061 766f labels and avo\n-00049880: 6964 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 id depending on \n-00049890: 6472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2065 drive ordering e\n-000498a0: 6e74 6972 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ntirely... ...\n-000498b0: 2041 7420 6c65 6173 7420 6f6e 2042 494f At least on BIO\n-000498c0: 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 6620 796f S systems, if yo\n-000498d0: 7520 7465 6c6c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 u tell ...grub-i\n-000498e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 746f 2069 6e73 nstall... to ins\n-000498f0: 7461 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2074 tall. GRUB t\n-00049900: 6f20 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6275 o a partition bu\n-00049910: 7420 4752 5542 2068 6173 2061 6c72 6561 t GRUB has alrea\n-00049920: 6479 2062 6565 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 dy been installe\n-00049930: 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 d in the. ma\n-00049940: 7374 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 7265 636f 7264 ster boot record\n-00049950: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 , then the GRUB \n-00049960: 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 installation in \n-00049970: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 the partition. \n-00049980: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 676e 6f72 will be ignor\n-00049990: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4966 2070 ed... ... If p\n-000499a0: 6f73 7369 626c 652c 2069 7420 6973 2067 ossible, it is g\n-000499b0: 656e 6572 616c 6c79 2062 6573 7420 746f enerally best to\n-000499c0: 2061 766f 6964 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e avoid installin\n-000499d0: 6720 4752 5542 2074 6f20 610a 2020 2020 g GRUB to a. \n-000499e0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 756e 6c65 partition (unle\n-000499f0: 7373 2069 7420 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 ss it is a speci\n-00049a00: 616c 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 al partition for\n-00049a10: 2074 6865 2075 7365 206f 6620 4752 5542 the use of GRUB\n-00049a20: 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6f6e 652c 2073 7563 . alone, suc\n-00049a30: 6820 6173 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 426f h as the BIOS Bo\n-00049a40: 6f74 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 ot Partition use\n-00049a50: 6420 6f6e 2047 5054 292e 2044 6f69 6e67 d on GPT). Doing\n-00049a60: 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 206d 6561 6e73 this. means\n-00049a70: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 206d 6179 2073 that GRUB may s\n-00049a80: 746f 7020 6265 696e 6720 6162 6c65 2074 top being able t\n-00049a90: 6f20 7265 6164 2069 7473 2063 6f72 6520 o read its core \n-00049aa0: 696d 6167 6520 6475 6520 746f 2061 0a20 image due to a. \n-00049ab0: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 file system \n-00049ac0: 6d6f 7669 6e67 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 moving blocks ar\n-00049ad0: 6f75 6e64 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7768 ound, such as wh\n-00049ae0: 696c 6520 6465 6672 6167 6d65 6e74 696e ile defragmentin\n-00049af0: 672c 0a20 2020 2020 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 g,. running \n-00049b00: 6368 6563 6b73 2c20 6f72 2065 7665 6e20 checks, or even \n-00049b10: 6475 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 during normal op\n-00049b20: 6572 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 496e 7374 616c eration. Instal\n-00049b30: 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ling to the. \n-00049b40: 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 6b20 6465 7669 whole disk devi\n-00049b50: 6365 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206d ce is normally m\n-00049b60: 6f72 6520 726f 6275 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 ore robust... \n-00049b70: e280 a220 4368 6563 6b20 7468 6174 2047 ... Check that G\n-00049b80: 5255 4220 6163 7475 616c 6c79 206b 6e6f RUB actually kno\n-00049b90: 7773 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2066 ws how to read f\n-00049ba0: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2061 rom the device a\n-00049bb0: 6e64 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2073 7973 nd file. sys\n-00049bc0: 7465 6d20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 20e2 tem containing .\n-00049bd0: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e ../boot/grub....\n-00049be0: 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 It will not be\n-00049bf0: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 able to read fr\n-00049c00: 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 om. encrypte\n-00049c10: 6420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7769 7468 2075 d devices with u\n-00049c20: 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2065 6e63 7279 nsupported encry\n-00049c30: 7074 696f 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 6e6f ption scheme, no\n-00049c40: 7220 6672 6f6d 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 r from file. \n-00049c50: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2066 6f72 2077 6869 systems for whi\n-00049c60: 6368 2073 7570 706f 7274 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7463 682c 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 match, loading t\n+00049220: 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 he ...normal... \n+00049230: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 726f 6d0a 7468 6520 module from.the \n+00049240: 7072 6566 6978 2c20 616e 6420 7275 6e6e prefix, and runn\n+00049250: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 ing the ...norma\n+00049260: 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e l... command (*n\n+00049270: 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 ote normal::). \n+00049280: 5468 6973 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This.command is \n+00049290: 7265 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 responsible for \n+000492a0: 7265 6164 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 reading .../boot\n+000492b0: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 /grub/grub.cfg..\n+000492c0: 992c 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 0a6d ., running the.m\n+000492d0: 656e 752c 2061 6e64 2064 6f69 6e67 2061 enu, and doing a\n+000492e0: 6c6c 2074 6865 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7468 ll the useful th\n+000492f0: 696e 6773 2047 5255 4220 6973 2073 7570 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6f72 2074 6865 2066 6169 6c75 7265 .for the failure\n+000493f0: 2069 7320 7468 6174 20e2 8098 7072 6566 is that ...pref\n+00049400: 6978 e280 9920 6973 2077 726f 6e67 2028 ix... is wrong (\n+00049410: 7065 7268 6170 7320 6974 2072 6566 6572 perhaps it refer\n+00049420: 7320 746f 2074 6865 0a77 726f 6e67 2064 s to the.wrong d\n+00049430: 6576 6963 652c 206f 7220 7065 7268 6170 evice, or perhap\n+00049440: 7320 7468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 e280 s the path to ..\n+00049450: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2077 ./boot/grub... w\n+00049460: 6173 206e 6f74 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 as not correctly\n+00049470: 206d 6164 650a 7265 6c61 7469 7665 2074 made.relative t\n+00049480: 6f20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 292c 2074 o the device), t\n+00049490: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f 7272 hen you can corr\n+000494a0: 6563 7420 7468 6973 2061 6e64 2065 6e74 ect this and ent\n+000494b0: 6572 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a6d er normal mode.m\n+000494c0: 616e 7561 6c6c 793a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 anually:.. #\n+000494d0: 2049 6e73 7065 6374 2074 6865 2063 7572 Inspect the cur\n+000494e0: 7265 6e74 2070 7265 6669 7820 2861 6e64 rent prefix (and\n+000494f0: 206f 7468 6572 2070 7265 7365 7420 7661 other preset va\n+00049500: 7269 6162 6c65 7329 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 riables):. s\n+00049510: 6574 0a20 2020 2020 2320 4669 6e64 206f et. # Find o\n+00049520: 7574 2077 6869 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 ut which devices\n+00049530: 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a are available:.\n+00049540: 2020 2020 206c 730a 2020 2020 2023 2053 ls. # S\n+00049550: 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 et to the correc\n+00049560: 7420 7661 6c75 652c 2077 6869 6368 206d t value, which m\n+00049570: 6967 6874 2062 6520 736f 6d65 7468 696e ight be somethin\n+00049580: 6720 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a20 2020 g like this:. \n+00049590: 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 6864 set prefix=(hd\n+000495a0: 302c 3129 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2073 0,1)/grub. s\n+000495b0: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a et root=(hd0,1).\n+000495c0: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e6f 726d insmod norm\n+000495d0: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 0a0a al. normal..\n+000495e0: 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 616e 7920 However, any \n+000495f0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 7468 6174 206c 6561 problem that lea\n+00049600: 7665 7320 796f 7520 696e 2074 6865 2072 ves you in the r\n+00049610: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c20 7072 6f62 escue shell prob\n+00049620: 6162 6c79 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 ably.means that \n+00049630: 4752 5542 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2063 6f72 GRUB was not cor\n+00049640: 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 rectly installed\n+00049650: 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206d 6f72 . It may be mor\n+00049660: 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f0a 7472 7920 e useful to.try \n+00049670: 746f 2072 6569 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 7420 to reinstall it \n+00049680: 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 properly using .\n+00049690: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2044 ..grub-install D\n+000496a0: 4556 4943 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 EVICE... (*note \n+000496b0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 696e Invoking.grub-in\n+000496c0: 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 stall::). When \n+000496d0: 646f 696e 6720 7468 6973 2c20 7468 6572 doing this, ther\n+000496e0: 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 7468 696e e are a few thin\n+000496f0: 6773 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 3a0a gs to remember:.\n+00049700: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4472 6976 6520 6f72 . ... Drive or\n+00049710: 6465 7269 6e67 2069 6e20 796f 7572 206f dering in your o\n+00049720: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n+00049730: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2074 6865 2073 may not be the s\n+00049740: 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ame as the. \n+00049750: 626f 6f74 2064 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 boot drive order\n+00049760: 696e 6720 7573 6564 2062 7920 796f 7572 ing used by your\n+00049770: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 446f 206e firmware. Do n\n+00049780: 6f74 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2079 ot assume that y\n+00049790: 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2066 6972 7374 2068 our. first h\n+000497a0: 6172 6420 6472 6976 6520 2865 2e67 2e20 ard drive (e.g. \n+000497b0: 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 9929 .../dev/sda...)\n+000497c0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 7468 6174 is the one that\n+000497d0: 2079 6f75 7220 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a20 your firmware. \n+000497e0: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 will boot fr\n+000497f0: 6f6d 2e20 20e2 8098 6465 7669 6365 2e6d om. ...device.m\n+00049800: 6170 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 ap... (*note Dev\n+00049810: 6963 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2063 616e 2062 ice map::) can b\n+00049820: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206f e used to. o\n+00049830: 7665 7272 6964 6520 7468 6973 2c20 6275 verride this, bu\n+00049840: 7420 6974 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 t it is usually \n+00049850: 6265 7474 6572 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5555 better to use UU\n+00049860: 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 IDs or file syst\n+00049870: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 6265 6c73 2061 em. labels a\n+00049880: 6e64 2061 766f 6964 2064 6570 656e 6469 nd avoid dependi\n+00049890: 6e67 206f 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 ng on drive orde\n+000498a0: 7269 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 656c 792e 0a0a ring entirely...\n+000498b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7420 6c65 6173 7420 ... At least \n+000498c0: 6f6e 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c on BIOS systems,\n+000498d0: 2069 6620 796f 7520 7465 6c6c 20e2 8098 if you tell ...\n+000498e0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n+000498f0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 to install. \n+00049900: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6120 7061 7274 6974 GRUB to a partit\n+00049910: 696f 6e20 6275 7420 4752 5542 2068 6173 ion but GRUB has\n+00049920: 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2062 6565 6e20 696e already been in\n+00049930: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 stalled in the. \n+00049940: 2020 2020 6d61 7374 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 master boot \n+00049950: 7265 636f 7264 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 record, then the\n+00049960: 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 GRUB installati\n+00049970: 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 on in the partit\n+00049980: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ion. will be\n+00049990: 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 ignored... ..\n+000499a0: a220 4966 2070 6f73 7369 626c 652c 2069 . If possible, i\n+000499b0: 7420 6973 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 2062 t is generally b\n+000499c0: 6573 7420 746f 2061 766f 6964 2069 6e73 est to avoid ins\n+000499d0: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2074 6f20 talling GRUB to \n+000499e0: 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e a. partition\n+000499f0: 2028 756e 6c65 7373 2069 7420 6973 2061 (unless it is a\n+00049a00: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2070 6172 7469 7469 special partiti\n+00049a10: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2075 7365 206f on for the use o\n+00049a20: 6620 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6f6e f GRUB. alon\n+00049a30: 652c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2042 e, such as the B\n+00049a40: 494f 5320 426f 6f74 2050 6172 7469 7469 IOS Boot Partiti\n+00049a50: 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2047 5054 292e on used on GPT).\n+00049a60: 2044 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 Doing this. \n+00049a70: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 means that GRUB\n+00049a80: 206d 6179 2073 746f 7020 6265 696e 6720 may stop being \n+00049a90: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2069 7473 able to read its\n+00049aa0: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6475 6520 core image due \n+00049ab0: 746f 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 to a. file s\n+00049ac0: 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 7669 6e67 2062 6c6f ystem moving blo\n+00049ad0: 636b 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 2c20 7375 6368 cks around, such\n+00049ae0: 2061 7320 7768 696c 6520 6465 6672 6167 as while defrag\n+00049af0: 6d65 6e74 696e 672c 0a20 2020 2020 7275 menting,. ru\n+00049b00: 6e6e 696e 6720 6368 6563 6b73 2c20 6f72 nning checks, or\n+00049b10: 2065 7665 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 even during nor\n+00049b20: 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 mal operation. \n+00049b30: 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 Installing to th\n+00049b40: 650a 2020 2020 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 e. whole dis\n+00049b50: 6b20 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 6e6f 726d k device is norm\n+00049b60: 616c 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 726f 6275 7374 ally more robust\n+00049b70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4368 6563 6b20 ... ... 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Copyright \n-00000090: c2a9 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 ...1999,2000,200\n-000000a0: 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 1,2002,2004,2006\n-000000b0: 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c ,2008,2009,2010,\n-000000c0: 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 2011,2012,2013 F\n-000000d0: 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 ree.Software Fou\n-000000e0: 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 ndation, Inc... \n-000000f0: 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 Permission i\n-00000100: 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 s granted to cop\n-00000110: 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e y, distribute an\n-00000120: 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 d/or modify this\n-00000130: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 . document u\n-00000140: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n-00000150: 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 f the GNU Free D\n-00000160: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n-00000170: 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 ense,. Versi\n-00000180: 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 on 1.2 or any la\n-00000190: 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c ter version publ\n-000001a0: 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 ished by the Fre\n-000001b0: 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 e Software. \n-000001c0: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 Foundation; with\n-000001d0: 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 no Invariant Se\n-000001e0: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 ctions..INFO-DIR\n-000001f0: 2d53 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a -SECTION Kernel.\n-00000200: 5354 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 START-INFO-DIR-E\n-00000210: 4e54 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 NTRY.* GRUB: (gr\n-00000220: 7562 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ub). \n-00000230: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 The GRand U\n-00000240: 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 nified Bootloade\n-00000250: 720a 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c r.* grub-install\n-00000260: 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 : (grub)Invoking\n-00000270: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 grub-install. \n-00000280: 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f Install GRUB o\n-00000290: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 n your drive.* g\n-000002a0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 rub-mkconfig: (g\n-000002b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-000002c0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e b-mkconfig. Gen\n-000002d0: 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 erate GRUB confi\n-000002e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d guration.* grub-\n-000002f0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a mkpasswd-pbkdf2:\n-00000300: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n-00000310: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-00000320: 6b64 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 kdf2..* grub-mkr\n-00000330: 656c 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e elpath: (grub)In\n-00000340: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000350: 6c70 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b lpath..* grub-mk\n-00000360: 7265 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e rescue: (grub)In\n-00000370: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000380: 7363 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 scue. Make a GR\n-00000390: 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a UB rescue image.\n-000003a0: 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 * grub-mount: (g\n-000003b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-000003c0: 622d 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 b-mount. \n-000003d0: 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 Mount a file sys\n-000003e0: 7465 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a tem using GRUB.*\n-000003f0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 grub-probe: (gr\n-00000400: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000410: 2d70 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 -probe. P\n-00000420: 726f 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f robe device info\n-00000430: 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 rmation.* grub-s\n-00000440: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 cript-check: (gr\n-00000450: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000460: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 -script-check..E\n-00000470: 4e44 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 ND-INFO-DIR-ENTR\n-00000480: 590a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e Y....File: grub.\n-00000490: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 info, Node: Fir\n-000004a0: 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 mware stalls ins\n-000004b0: 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 tead of booting \n-000004c0: 4752 5542 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 5255 GRUB, Prev: GRU\n-000004d0: 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 B only offers a \n-000004e0: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 2055 rescue shell, U\n-000004f0: 703a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 p: Troubleshooti\n-00000500: 6e67 0a0a 3233 2e32 2046 6972 6d77 6172 ng..23.2 Firmwar\n-00000510: 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 e stalls instead\n-00000520: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 of booting GRUB\n-00000530: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00000070: 2c20 3138 2046 6562 7275 6172 7920 3230 , 18 February 20\n+00000080: 3235 292e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 25)... Copyrig\n+00000090: 6874 20c2 a90a 3139 3939 2c32 3030 302c ht ...1999,2000,\n+000000a0: 3230 3031 2c32 3030 322c 3230 3034 2c32 2001,2002,2004,2\n+000000b0: 3030 362c 3230 3038 2c32 3030 392c 3230 006,2008,2009,20\n+000000c0: 3130 2c32 3031 312c 3230 3132 2c32 3031 10,2011,2012,201\n+000000d0: 3320 4672 6565 0a53 6f66 7477 6172 6520 3 Free.Software \n+000000e0: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e Foundation, Inc.\n+000000f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6572 6d69 7373 696f .. Permissio\n+00000100: 6e20 6973 2067 7261 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 n is granted to \n+00000110: 636f 7079 2c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 copy, distribute\n+00000120: 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 and/or modify t\n+00000130: 6869 730a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e his. documen\n+00000140: 7420 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 7465 726d t under the term\n+00000150: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2046 7265 s of the GNU Fre\n+00000160: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 e Documentation \n+00000170: 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 0a20 2020 2020 5665 License,. Ve\n+00000180: 7273 696f 6e20 312e 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 rsion 1.2 or any\n+00000190: 206c 6174 6572 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 later version p\n+000001a0: 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 ublished by the \n+000001b0: 4672 6565 2053 6f66 7477 6172 650a 2020 Free Software. \n+000001c0: 2020 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 Foundation; w\n+000001d0: 6974 6820 6e6f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 ith no Invariant\n+000001e0: 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d Sections..INFO-\n+000001f0: 4449 522d 5345 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e DIR-SECTION Kern\n+00000200: 656c 0a53 5441 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 el.START-INFO-DI\n+00000210: 522d 454e 5452 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 R-ENTRY.* GRUB: \n+00000220: 2867 7275 6229 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 (grub). \n+00000230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e The GRan\n+00000240: 6420 556e 6966 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f d Unified Bootlo\n+00000250: 6164 6572 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 ader.* grub-inst\n+00000260: 616c 6c3a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b all: (grub)Invok\n+00000270: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n+00000280: 2e20 2020 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 . Install GRU\n+00000290: 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a B on your drive.\n+000002a0: 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a * grub-mkconfig:\n+000002b0: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n+000002c0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 grub-mkconfig. \n+000002d0: 4765 6e65 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 636f Generate GRUB co\n+000002e0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 nfiguration.* gr\n+000002f0: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n+00000300: 6632 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 f2: (grub)Invoki\n+00000310: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ng grub-mkpasswd\n+00000320: 2d70 626b 6466 322e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d -pbkdf2..* grub-\n+00000330: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 683a 2028 6772 7562 mkrelpath: (grub\n+00000340: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+00000350: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 krelpath..* grub\n+00000360: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 2028 6772 7562 -mkrescue: (grub\n+00000370: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+00000380: 6b72 6573 6375 652e 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 krescue. Make a\n+00000390: 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 GRUB rescue ima\n+000003a0: 6765 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a ge.* grub-mount:\n+000003b0: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n+000003c0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 grub-mount. \n+000003d0: 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 Mount a file \n+000003e0: 7379 7374 656d 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 system using GRU\n+000003f0: 420a 2a20 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 B.* grub-probe: \n+00000400: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n+00000410: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 rub-probe. \n+00000420: 2020 5072 6f62 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 Probe device i\n+00000430: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 nformation.* gru\n+00000440: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 b-script-check: \n+00000450: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n+00000460: 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b rub-script-check\n+00000470: 2e0a 454e 442d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 ..END-INFO-DIR-E\n+00000480: 4e54 5259 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 NTRY....File: gr\n+00000490: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000004a0: 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 Firmware stalls \n+000004b0: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 instead of booti\n+000004c0: 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ng GRUB, Prev: \n+000004d0: 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 GRUB only offers\n+000004e0: 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c a rescue shell,\n+000004f0: 2020 5570 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f Up: Troublesho\n+00000500: 6f74 696e 670a 0a32 332e 3220 4669 726d oting..23.2 Firm\n+00000510: 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 ware stalls inst\n+00000520: 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 ead of booting G\n+00000530: 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d RUB.============\n 00000540: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-00000560: 6865 2045 4649 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 he EFI implement\n-00000570: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 6f6c ation of some ol\n-00000580: 6465 7220 4d61 6342 6f6f 6b20 6c61 7074 der MacBook lapt\n-00000590: 6f70 7320 7374 616c 6c73 2077 6865 6e20 ops stalls when \n-000005a0: 6974 2067 6574 730a 7072 6573 656e 7465 it gets.presente\n-000005b0: 6420 6120 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 d a grub-mkrescu\n-000005c0: 6520 4953 4f20 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 e ISO image for \n-000005d0: 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 2074 6172 6765 x86_64-efi targe\n-000005e0: 7420 6f6e 2061 6e20 5553 420a 7374 6963 t on an USB.stic\n-000005f0: 6b2e 2020 4166 6665 6374 6564 2061 7265 k. Affected are\n-00000600: 206d 6f64 656c 7320 6f66 2079 6561 7220 models of year \n-00000610: 3230 3130 206f 7220 6561 726c 6965 722e 2010 or earlier.\n-00000620: 2020 576f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7320 Workaround is \n-00000630: 746f 0a7a 6572 6f69 7a65 2074 6865 2062 to.zeroize the b\n-00000640: 7974 6573 2034 3436 2074 6f20 3436 3120 ytes 446 to 461 \n-00000650: 6f66 2074 6865 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 of the EFI parti\n-00000660: 7469 6f6e 2c20 7768 6572 6520 6d66 6f72 tion, where mfor\n-00000670: 6d61 7420 6861 7320 7075 740a 6120 7061 mat has put.a pa\n-00000680: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e rtition table en\n-00000690: 7472 7920 7768 6963 6820 636c 6169 6d73 try which claims\n-000006a0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 partition start\n-000006b0: 2061 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 302e 2020 5468 at block 0. Th\n-000006c0: 6973 0a63 6861 6e67 6520 7769 6c6c 206e is.change will n\n-000006d0: 6f74 2068 616d 7065 7220 626f 6f74 6162 ot hamper bootab\n-000006e0: 696c 6974 7920 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 206d ility on other m\n-000006f0: 6163 6869 6e65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 achines.....File\n-00000700: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00000710: 6465 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 de: User-space u\n-00000720: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a tilities, Next:\n-00000730: 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 Obtaining and B\n-00000740: 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2050 uilding GRUB, P\n-00000750: 7265 763a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f rev: Troubleshoo\n-00000760: 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ting, Up: Top..\n-00000770: 3234 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 24 User-space ut\n-00000780: 696c 6974 6965 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ilities.********\n-00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-000007a0: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e 766f .* Menu:..* Invo\n-000007b0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c king grub-instal\n-000007c0: 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f l:: How to\n-000007d0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 696e use the GRUB in\n-000007e0: 7374 616c 6c65 720a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 staller.* Invoki\n-000007f0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n-00000800: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 7465 :: Generate\n-00000810: 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 a GRUB configur\n-00000820: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2049 6e76 ation file.* Inv\n-00000830: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 oking grub-mkpas\n-00000840: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 0a20 2020 swd-pbkdf2::. \n+00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00000560: 0a0a 5468 6520 4546 4920 696d 706c 656d ..The EFI implem\n+00000570: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 736f 6d65 entation of some\n+00000580: 206f 6c64 6572 204d 6163 426f 6f6b 206c older MacBook l\n+00000590: 6170 746f 7073 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 7768 aptops stalls wh\n+000005a0: 656e 2069 7420 6765 7473 0a70 7265 7365 en it gets.prese\n+000005b0: 6e74 6564 2061 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 nted a grub-mkre\n+000005c0: 7363 7565 2049 534f 2069 6d61 6765 2066 scue ISO image f\n+000005d0: 6f72 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 7461 or x86_64-efi ta\n+000005e0: 7267 6574 206f 6e20 616e 2055 5342 0a73 rget on an USB.s\n+000005f0: 7469 636b 2e20 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 tick. Affected \n+00000600: 6172 6520 6d6f 6465 6c73 206f 6620 7965 are models of ye\n+00000610: 6172 2032 3031 3020 6f72 2065 6172 6c69 ar 2010 or earli\n+00000620: 6572 2e20 2057 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 er. Workaround \n+00000630: 6973 2074 6f0a 7a65 726f 697a 6520 7468 is to.zeroize th\n+00000640: 6520 6279 7465 7320 3434 3620 746f 2034 e bytes 446 to 4\n+00000650: 3631 206f 6620 7468 6520 4546 4920 7061 61 of the EFI pa\n+00000660: 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2077 6865 7265 206d rtition, where m\n+00000670: 666f 726d 6174 2068 6173 2070 7574 0a61 format has put.a\n+00000680: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 partition table\n+00000690: 2065 6e74 7279 2077 6869 6368 2063 6c61 entry which cla\n+000006a0: 696d 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 ims partition st\n+000006b0: 6172 7420 6174 2062 6c6f 636b 2030 2e20 art at block 0. \n+000006c0: 2054 6869 730a 6368 616e 6765 2077 696c This.change wil\n+000006d0: 6c20 6e6f 7420 6861 6d70 6572 2062 6f6f l not hamper boo\n+000006e0: 7461 6269 6c69 7479 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 tability on othe\n+000006f0: 7220 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 r machines.....F\n+00000700: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00000710: 204e 6f64 653a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 Node: User-spac\n+00000720: 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 4e65 e utilities, Ne\n+00000730: 7874 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e xt: Obtaining an\n+00000740: 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c d Building GRUB,\n+00000750: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 Prev: Troubles\n+00000760: 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f hooting, Up: To\n+00000770: 700a 0a32 3420 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 p..24 User-space\n+00000780: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a utilities.*****\n+00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000007a0: 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 **..* Menu:..* I\n+000007b0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking grub-ins\n+000007c0: 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 tall:: How\n+000007d0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 4752 5542 to use the GRUB\n+000007e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 0a2a 2049 6e76 installer.* Inv\n+000007f0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n+00000800: 6669 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2047 656e 6572 fig:: Gener\n+00000810: 6174 6520 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 ate a GRUB confi\n+00000820: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 guration file.* \n+00000830: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+00000840: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a0a passwd-pbkdf2::.\n 00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 656e Gen\n-00000870: 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 erate GRUB passw\n-00000880: 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 0a2a 2049 6e76 ord hashes.* Inv\n-00000890: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c oking grub-mkrel\n-000008a0: 7061 7468 3a3a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 path:: Make \n-000008b0: 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 6c61 system path rela\n-000008c0: 7469 7665 2074 6f20 6974 7320 726f 6f74 tive to its root\n-000008d0: 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 .* Invoking grub\n-000008e0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a20 2020 2020 -mkrescue:: \n-000008f0: 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 6573 Make a GRUB res\n-00000900: 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 496e 766f cue image.* Invo\n-00000910: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a king grub-mount:\n-00000920: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 : Mount \n-00000930: 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7573 a file system us\n-00000940: 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b ing GRUB.* Invok\n-00000950: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a3a ing grub-probe::\n-00000960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 2064 Probe d\n-00000970: 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f evice informatio\n-00000980: 6e20 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 n for GRUB.* Inv\n-00000990: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 oking grub-scrip\n-000009a0: 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 3a20 2043 6865 636b t-check:: Check\n-000009b0: 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 696c GRUB script fil\n-000009c0: 6520 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 7272 e for syntax err\n-000009d0: 6f72 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ors....File: gru\n-000009e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 b.info, Node: I\n-000009f0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking grub-ins\n-00000a00: 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 tall, Next: Inv\n-00000a10: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n-00000a20: 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 fig, Up: User-s\n-00000a30: 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a pace utilities..\n-00000a40: 3234 2e31 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 24.1 Invoking gr\n-00000a50: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ub-install.=====\n+00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000870: 4765 6e65 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 7061 Generate GRUB pa\n+00000880: 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 730a 2a20 ssword hashes.* \n+00000890: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+000008a0: 7265 6c70 6174 683a 3a20 2020 2020 4d61 relpath:: Ma\n+000008b0: 6b65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 ke system path r\n+000008c0: 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f 2069 7473 2072 elative to its r\n+000008d0: 6f6f 740a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 oot.* Invoking g\n+000008e0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 3a3a 2020 rub-mkrescue:: \n+000008f0: 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 Make a GRUB \n+00000900: 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2049 rescue image.* I\n+00000910: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 nvoking grub-mou\n+00000920: 6e74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 nt:: Mou\n+00000930: 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d nt a file system\n+00000940: 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e using GRUB.* In\n+00000950: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 voking grub-prob\n+00000960: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 e:: Prob\n+00000970: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 e device informa\n+00000980: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 420a 2a20 tion for GRUB.* \n+00000990: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 Invoking grub-sc\n+000009a0: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a3a 2020 4368 ript-check:: Ch\n+000009b0: 6563 6b20 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 eck GRUB script \n+000009c0: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 file for syntax \n+000009d0: 6572 726f 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 errors....File: \n+000009e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000009f0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00000a00: 696e 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 install, Next: \n+00000a10: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+00000a20: 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 config, Up: Use\n+00000a30: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n+00000a40: 730a 0a32 342e 3120 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.1 Invoking\n+00000a50: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d grub-install.==\n 00000a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n-00000a80: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 am ...grub-insta\n-00000a90: 6c6c e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 ll... generates \n-00000aa0: 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 a GRUB core imag\n-00000ab0: 6520 7573 696e 670a e280 9867 7275 622d e using....grub-\n-00000ac0: 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 mkimage... and i\n-00000ad0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 6974 206f 6e20 796f nstalls it on yo\n-00000ae0: 7572 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 596f 7520 ur system. You \n-00000af0: 6d75 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 must specify the\n-00000b00: 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6e20 .device name on \n-00000b10: 7768 6963 6820 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 which you want t\n-00000b20: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 o install GRUB, \n-00000b30: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like this:.. \n-00000b40: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 494e grub-install IN\n-00000b50: 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 0a0a 2020 STALL_DEVICE.. \n-00000b60: 2054 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 The device name\n-00000b70: 2049 4e53 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 4520 INSTALL_DEVICE \n-00000b80: 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 is an OS device \n-00000b90: 6e61 6d65 206f 7220 6120 4752 5542 2064 name or a GRUB d\n-00000ba0: 6576 6963 650a 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 evice.name... \n-00000bb0: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n-00000bc0: 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 .. accepts the f\n-00000bd0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n-00000be0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a :.....--help....\n-00000bf0: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d Print a sum\n-00000c00: 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d mary of the comm\n-00000c10: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 and-line options\n-00000c20: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n-00000c30: 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 -version.... \n-00000c40: 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 Print the versi\n-00000c50: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 on number of GRU\n-00000c60: 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 B and exit......\n-00000c70: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n-00000c80: 3d44 4952 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 =DIR.... Ins\n-00000c90: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6573 tall GRUB images\n-00000ca0: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 under the direc\n-00000cb0: 746f 7279 20e2 8098 4449 522f 6772 7562 tory ...DIR/grub\n-00000cc0: 2fe2 8099 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e /... This option\n-00000cd0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 is. useful \n-00000ce0: 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f when you want to\n-00000cf0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e install GRUB in\n-00000d00: 746f 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 7061 to a separate pa\n-00000d10: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 2061 0a20 2020 rtition or a. \n-00000d20: 2020 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 6520 6469 736b removable disk\n-00000d30: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f . If this optio\n-00000d40: 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7065 6369 6669 n is not specifi\n-00000d50: 6564 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2064 6566 6175 ed then it defau\n-00000d60: 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 982f lts. to .../\n-00000d70: 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2073 6f0a 0a20 2020 boot..., so.. \n-00000d80: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 grub-inst\n-00000d90: 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 all /dev/sda.. \n-00000da0: 2020 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 is equivalent\n-00000db0: 2074 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 to.. g\n-00000dc0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f rub-install --bo\n-00000dd0: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 626f ot-directory=/bo\n-00000de0: 6f74 2f20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 ot/ /dev/sda.. \n-00000df0: 2020 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 Here is an ex\n-00000e00: 616d 706c 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 2079 ample in which y\n-00000e10: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 7365 7061 7261 ou have a separa\n-00000e20: 7465 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 e280 9d20 7061 te ...boot... pa\n-00000e30: 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6869 rtition. whi\n-00000e40: 6368 2069 7320 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 6f6e ch is mounted on\n-00000e50: 20e2 8098 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 .../mnt/boot...\n-00000e60: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-00000e70: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 b-install --boot\n-00000e80: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f -directory=/mnt/\n-00000e90: 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 7364 620a 0ae2 boot /dev/sdb...\n-00000ea0: 8098 2d2d 7265 6368 6563 6be2 8099 0a20 ..--recheck.... \n-00000eb0: 2020 2020 5265 6368 6563 6b20 7468 6520 Recheck the \n-00000ec0: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 6576 656e device map, even\n-00000ed0: 2069 6620 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 if .../boot/gru\n-00000ee0: 622f 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 9920 b/device.map... \n-00000ef0: 616c 7265 6164 790a 2020 2020 2065 7869 already. exi\n-00000f00: 7374 732e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 sts. You should\n-00000f10: 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e use this option\n-00000f20: 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 796f 7520 6164 whenever you ad\n-00000f30: 642f 7265 6d6f 7665 2061 2064 6973 6b0a d/remove a disk.\n-00000f40: 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6f2f 6672 6f6d 2079 into/from y\n-00000f50: 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a 0ae2 our computer....\n-00000f60: 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d72 732d 636f 6465 73e2 ..--no-rs-codes.\n-00000f70: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 ... By defau\n-00000f80: 6c74 206f 6e20 7838 3620 4249 4f53 2073 lt on x86 BIOS s\n-00000f90: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d ystems, ...grub-\n-00000fa0: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 install... will \n-00000fb0: 7573 6520 736f 6d65 2065 7874 7261 0a20 use some extra. \n-00000fc0: 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 space in the\n-00000fd0: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 bootloader embe\n-00000fe0: 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 2066 6f72 2052 dding area for R\n-00000ff0: 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 eed-Solomon. \n-00001000: 2065 7272 6f72 2d63 6f72 7265 6374 696e error-correctin\n-00001010: 6720 636f 6465 732e 2020 5468 6973 2065 g codes. This e\n-00001020: 6e61 626c 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 2073 nables GRUB to s\n-00001030: 7469 6c6c 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 till boot. s\n-00001040: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 uccessfully if s\n-00001050: 6f6d 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 7265 2063 ome blocks are c\n-00001060: 6f72 7275 7074 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2065 orrupted. The e\n-00001070: 7861 6374 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 0a20 xact amount of. \n-00001080: 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 206f protection o\n-00001090: 6666 6572 6564 2069 7320 6465 7065 6e64 ffered is depend\n-000010a0: 656e 7420 6f6e 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ent on available\n-000010b0: 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656d space in the em\n-000010c0: 6265 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 bedding. are\n-000010d0: 612e 2020 5220 7365 6374 6f72 7320 6f66 a. R sectors of\n-000010e0: 2072 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6361 6e20 redundancy can \n-000010f0: 746f 6c65 7261 7465 2075 7020 746f 2052 tolerate up to R\n-00001100: 2f32 2063 6f72 7275 7074 6564 0a20 2020 /2 corrupted. \n-00001110: 2020 7365 6374 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6973 sectors. This\n-00001120: 2072 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6d61 7920 redundancy may \n-00001130: 6265 2063 756d 6265 7273 6f6d 6520 6966 be cumbersome if\n-00001140: 2061 7474 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 attempting to. \n-00001150: 2020 2020 6372 7970 746f 6772 6170 6869 cryptographi\n-00001160: 6361 6c6c 7920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2074 cally validate t\n-00001170: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 he contents of t\n-00001180: 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d he bootloader em\n-00001190: 6265 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 bedding. are\n-000011a0: 612c 206f 7220 696e 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f a, or in more mo\n-000011b0: 6465 726e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 dern systems wit\n-000011c0: 6820 4750 542d 7374 796c 6520 7061 7274 h GPT-style part\n-000011d0: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 0a20 2020 ition tables. \n-000011e0: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e (*note BIOS in\n-000011f0: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7768 stallation::) wh\n-00001200: 6572 6520 4752 5542 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f ere GRUB does no\n-00001210: 7420 7265 7369 6465 2069 6e20 616e 790a t reside in any.\n-00001220: 2020 2020 2075 6e70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e unpartition\n-00001230: 6564 2073 7061 6365 206f 7574 7369 6465 ed space outside\n-00001240: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4d42 522e 2044 6973 of the MBR. Dis\n-00001250: 6162 6c65 2074 6865 2052 6565 642d 536f able the Reed-So\n-00001260: 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6573 lomon. codes\n-00001270: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f with this optio\n-00001280: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-00001290: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n-000012a0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n-000012b0: 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 nfig, Next: Inv\n-000012c0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 oking grub-mkpas\n-000012d0: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 swd-pbkdf2, Pre\n-000012e0: 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 v: Invoking grub\n-000012f0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2055 -install, Up: U\n-00001300: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-00001310: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3220 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.2 Invoki\n-00001320: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n-00001330: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00001350: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 e program ...gru\n-00001360: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6765 b-mkconfig... ge\n-00001370: 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 nerates a config\n-00001380: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 uration file for\n-00001390: 2047 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d GRUB.(*note Sim\n-000013a0: 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple configuratio\n-000013b0: 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 n::)... grub\n-000013c0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6720 2d6f 202f 626f -mkconfig -o /bo\n-000013d0: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n-000013e0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 .. ...grub-mkc\n-000013f0: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 onfig... accepts\n-00001400: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f the following o\n-00001410: 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 ptions:.....--he\n-00001420: 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 lp.... Print\n-00001430: 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 a summary of th\n-00001440: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f e command-line o\n-00001450: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e ptions and exit.\n-00001460: 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 .....--version..\n-00001470: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 .. Print the\n-00001480: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 version number \n-00001490: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 of GRUB and exit\n-000014a0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 ......-o FILE...\n-000014b0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c ....--output=FIL\n-000014c0: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6e64 2074 E.... Send t\n-000014d0: 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2063 6f6e he generated con\n-000014e0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-000014f0: 746f 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 6465 to FILE. The de\n-00001500: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 fault is to. \n-00001510: 2073 656e 6420 6974 2074 6f20 7374 616e send it to stan\n-00001520: 6461 7264 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a dard output.....\n-00001530: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00001540: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n-00001550: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 grub-mkpasswd-p\n-00001560: 626b 6466 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e bkdf2, Next: In\n-00001570: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00001580: 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e lpath, Prev: In\n-00001590: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n-000015a0: 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d nfig, Up: User-\n-000015b0: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n-000015c0: 0a32 342e 3320 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 .24.3 Invoking g\n-000015d0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n-000015e0: 6466 320a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d df2.============\n+00000a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n+00000a80: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e ogram ...grub-in\n+00000a90: 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2067 656e 6572 6174 stall... generat\n+00000aa0: 6573 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f 7265 2069 es a GRUB core i\n+00000ab0: 6d61 6765 2075 7369 6e67 0ae2 8098 6772 mage using....gr\n+00000ac0: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 616e ub-mkimage... an\n+00000ad0: 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c73 2069 7420 6f6e d installs it on\n+00000ae0: 2079 6f75 7220 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2059 your system. Y\n+00000af0: 6f75 206d 7573 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 ou must specify \n+00000b00: 7468 650a 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 the.device name \n+00000b10: 6f6e 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 2077 616e on which you wan\n+00000b20: 7420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 t to install GRU\n+00000b30: 422c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 B, like this:.. \n+00000b40: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c grub-install\n+00000b50: 2049 4e53 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 450a INSTALL_DEVICE.\n+00000b60: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e . The device n\n+00000b70: 616d 6520 494e 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 ame INSTALL_DEVI\n+00000b80: 4345 2069 7320 616e 204f 5320 6465 7669 CE is an OS devi\n+00000b90: 6365 206e 616d 6520 6f72 2061 2047 5255 ce name or a GRU\n+00000ba0: 4220 6465 7669 6365 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a B device.name...\n+00000bb0: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 ...grub-insta\n+00000bc0: 6c6c e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 ll... accepts th\n+00000bd0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 e following opti\n+00000be0: 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 ons:.....--help.\n+00000bf0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 ... Print a \n+00000c00: 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 summary of the c\n+00000c10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 ommand-line opti\n+00000c20: 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 ons and exit....\n+00000c30: 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 ..--version.... \n+00000c40: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 Print the ve\n+00000c50: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 rsion number of \n+00000c60: 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a GRUB and exit...\n+00000c70: e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 ...--boot-direct\n+00000c80: 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ory=DIR.... \n+00000c90: 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6d61 Install GRUB ima\n+00000ca0: 6765 7320 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 6469 ges under the di\n+00000cb0: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9844 4952 2f67 rectory ...DIR/g\n+00000cc0: 7275 622f e280 9920 5468 6973 206f 7074 rub/... This opt\n+00000cd0: 696f 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6566 ion is. usef\n+00000ce0: 756c 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 ul when you want\n+00000cf0: 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 to install GRUB\n+00000d00: 2069 6e74 6f20 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 into a separate\n+00000d10: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 610a partition or a.\n+00000d20: 2020 2020 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2064 removable d\n+00000d30: 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 isk. If this op\n+00000d40: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 tion is not spec\n+00000d50: 6966 6965 6420 7468 656e 2069 7420 6465 ified then it de\n+00000d60: 6661 756c 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 faults. to .\n+00000d70: 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2c20 736f 0a0a ../boot..., so..\n+00000d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 grub-i\n+00000d90: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a nstall /dev/sda.\n+00000da0: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c . is equival\n+00000db0: 656e 7420 746f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ent to.. \n+00000dc0: 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d grub-install -\n+00000dd0: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d -boot-directory=\n+00000de0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a /boot/ /dev/sda.\n+00000df0: 0a20 2020 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e . Here is an\n+00000e00: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 6e20 7768 6963 example in whic\n+00000e10: 6820 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 2073 6570 h you have a sep\n+00000e20: 6172 6174 6520 e280 9c62 6f6f 74e2 809d arate ...boot...\n+00000e30: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 partition. \n+00000e40: 7768 6963 6820 6973 206d 6f75 6e74 6564 which is mounted\n+00000e50: 206f 6e20 e280 982f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 on .../mnt/boot\n+00000e60: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ...:.. \n+00000e70: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 grub-install --b\n+00000e80: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d oot-directory=/m\n+00000e90: 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6462 nt/boot /dev/sdb\n+00000ea0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d72 6563 6865 636b e280 .....--recheck..\n+00000eb0: 990a 2020 2020 2052 6563 6865 636b 2074 .. Recheck t\n+00000ec0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2065 he device map, e\n+00000ed0: 7665 6e20 6966 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f ven if .../boot/\n+00000ee0: 6772 7562 2f64 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 grub/device.map.\n+00000ef0: 8099 2061 6c72 6561 6479 0a20 2020 2020 .. already. \n+00000f00: 6578 6973 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 2073 686f exists. You sho\n+00000f10: 756c 6420 7573 6520 7468 6973 206f 7074 uld use this opt\n+00000f20: 696f 6e20 7768 656e 6576 6572 2079 6f75 ion whenever you\n+00000f30: 2061 6464 2f72 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6469 add/remove a di\n+00000f40: 736b 0a20 2020 2020 696e 746f 2f66 726f sk. into/fro\n+00000f50: 6d20 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e m your computer.\n+00000f60: 0a0a e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 7273 2d63 6f64 .....--no-rs-cod\n+00000f70: 6573 e280 990a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 es.... By de\n+00000f80: 6661 756c 7420 6f6e 2078 3836 2042 494f fault on x86 BIO\n+00000f90: 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c 20e2 8098 6772 S systems, ...gr\n+00000fa0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7769 ub-install... wi\n+00000fb0: 6c6c 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 6578 7472 ll use some extr\n+00000fc0: 610a 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 a. space in \n+00000fd0: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 the bootloader e\n+00000fe0: 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 7265 6120 666f mbedding area fo\n+00000ff0: 7220 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 r Reed-Solomon. \n+00001000: 2020 2020 6572 726f 722d 636f 7272 6563 error-correc\n+00001010: 7469 6e67 2063 6f64 6573 2e20 2054 6869 ting codes. Thi\n+00001020: 7320 656e 6162 6c65 7320 4752 5542 2074 s enables GRUB t\n+00001030: 6f20 7374 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 o still boot. \n+00001040: 2020 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2069 successfully i\n+00001050: 6620 736f 6d65 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 f some blocks ar\n+00001060: 6520 636f 7272 7570 7465 642e 2020 5468 e corrupted. Th\n+00001070: 6520 6578 6163 7420 616d 6f75 6e74 206f e exact amount o\n+00001080: 660a 2020 2020 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f f. protectio\n+00001090: 6e20 6f66 6665 7265 6420 6973 2064 6570 n offered is dep\n+000010a0: 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6e20 6176 6169 6c61 endent on availa\n+000010b0: 626c 6520 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 ble space in the\n+000010c0: 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 embedding. \n+000010d0: 6172 6561 2e20 2052 2073 6563 746f 7273 area. R sectors\n+000010e0: 206f 6620 7265 6475 6e64 616e 6379 2063 of redundancy c\n+000010f0: 616e 2074 6f6c 6572 6174 6520 7570 2074 an tolerate up t\n+00001100: 6f20 522f 3220 636f 7272 7570 7465 640a o R/2 corrupted.\n+00001110: 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f 7273 2e20 2054 sectors. T\n+00001120: 6869 7320 7265 6475 6e64 616e 6379 206d his redundancy m\n+00001130: 6179 2062 6520 6375 6d62 6572 736f 6d65 ay be cumbersome\n+00001140: 2069 6620 6174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 if attempting t\n+00001150: 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 o. cryptogra\n+00001160: 7068 6963 616c 6c79 2076 616c 6964 6174 phically validat\n+00001170: 6520 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f e the contents o\n+00001180: 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 f the bootloader\n+00001190: 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 embedding. \n+000011a0: 6172 6561 2c20 6f72 2069 6e20 6d6f 7265 area, or in more\n+000011b0: 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 modern systems \n+000011c0: 7769 7468 2047 5054 2d73 7479 6c65 2070 with GPT-style p\n+000011d0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 730a artition tables.\n+000011e0: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 (*note BIOS\n+000011f0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 installation::)\n+00001200: 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 where GRUB does\n+00001210: 206e 6f74 2072 6573 6964 6520 696e 2061 not reside in a\n+00001220: 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7061 7274 6974 ny. unpartit\n+00001230: 696f 6e65 6420 7370 6163 6520 6f75 7473 ioned space outs\n+00001240: 6964 6520 6f66 2074 6865 204d 4252 2e20 ide of the MBR. \n+00001250: 4469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 5265 6564 Disable the Reed\n+00001260: 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 636f -Solomon. co\n+00001270: 6465 7320 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 6f70 des with this op\n+00001280: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+00001290: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000012a0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+000012b0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 kconfig, Next: \n+000012c0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+000012d0: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 passwd-pbkdf2, \n+000012e0: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Prev: Invoking g\n+000012f0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 5570 rub-install, Up\n+00001300: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n+00001310: 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e32 2049 6e76 lities..24.2 Inv\n+00001320: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n+00001330: 6669 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d fig.============\n+00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00001350: 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 .The program ...\n+00001360: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+00001370: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2063 6f6e generates a con\n+00001380: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n+00001390: 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 for GRUB.(*note \n+000013a0: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n+000013b0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 tion::)... g\n+000013c0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 202d 6f20 rub-mkconfig -o \n+000013d0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e /boot/grub/grub.\n+000013e0: 6366 670a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d cfg.. ...grub-\n+000013f0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6163 6365 mkconfig... acce\n+00001400: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n+00001410: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n+00001420: 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 -help.... Pr\n+00001430: 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 int a summary of\n+00001440: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n+00001450: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 e options and ex\n+00001460: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f it......--versio\n+00001470: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 n.... Print \n+00001480: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n+00001490: 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 er of GRUB and e\n+000014a0: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 xit......-o FILE\n+000014b0: e280 990a e280 982d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d .......--output=\n+000014c0: 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 656e FILE.... Sen\n+000014d0: 6420 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 d the generated \n+000014e0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+000014f0: 6c65 2074 6f20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 le to FILE. The\n+00001500: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 0a20 default is to. \n+00001510: 2020 2020 7365 6e64 2069 7420 746f 2073 send it to s\n+00001520: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a tandard output..\n+00001530: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00001540: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n+00001550: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing grub-mkpassw\n+00001560: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a d-pbkdf2, Next:\n+00001570: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+00001580: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a krelpath, Prev:\n+00001590: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+000015a0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 kconfig, Up: Us\n+000015b0: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n+000015c0: 6573 0a0a 3234 2e33 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e es..24.3 Invokin\n+000015d0: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n+000015e0: 7062 6b64 6632 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d pbkdf2.=========\n 000015f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n-00001610: 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 ram ...grub-mkpa\n-00001620: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2067 sswd-pbkdf2... g\n-00001630: 656e 6572 6174 6573 2070 6173 7377 6f72 enerates passwor\n-00001640: 6420 6861 7368 6573 2066 6f72 2047 5255 d hashes for GRU\n-00001650: 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 B.(*note Securit\n-00001660: 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 y::)... grub\n-00001670: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n-00001680: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 .. ...grub-mkp\n-00001690: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 asswd-pbkdf2... \n-000016a0: 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c accepts the foll\n-000016b0: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a owing options:..\n-000016c0: e280 982d 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a ...-c NUMBER....\n-000016d0: e280 982d 2d69 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 2d63 ...--iteration-c\n-000016e0: 6f75 6e74 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 ount=NUMBER.... \n-000016f0: 2020 2020 4e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6974 Number of it\n-00001700: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6520 erations of the \n-00001710: 756e 6465 726c 7969 6e67 2070 7365 7564 underlying pseud\n-00001720: 6f2d 7261 6e64 6f6d 2066 756e 6374 696f o-random functio\n-00001730: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 n.. Defaults\n-00001740: 2074 6f20 3130 3030 302e 0a0a e280 982d to 10000......-\n-00001750: 6c20 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d l NUMBER.......-\n-00001760: 2d62 7566 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 -buflen=NUMBER..\n-00001770: 990a 2020 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 .. Length of\n-00001780: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2068 the generated h\n-00001790: 6173 682e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 ash. Defaults t\n-000017a0: 6f20 3634 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d73 204e 554d o 64......-s NUM\n-000017b0: 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7361 6c74 BER.......--salt\n-000017c0: 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 =NUMBER.... \n-000017d0: 4c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 7361 Length of the sa\n-000017e0: 6c74 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f lt. Defaults to\n-000017f0: 2036 342e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 64.....File: gr\n-00001800: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00001810: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00001820: 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 relpath, Next: \n-00001830: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00001840: 7265 7363 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 rescue, Prev: I\n-00001850: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 nvoking grub-mkp\n-00001860: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 asswd-pbkdf2, U\n-00001870: 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 p: User-space ut\n-00001880: 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3420 496e ilities..24.4 In\n-00001890: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-000018a0: 6c70 6174 680a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d lpath.==========\n+00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 =========..The p\n+00001610: 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d rogram ...grub-m\n+00001620: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 kpasswd-pbkdf2..\n+00001630: 9920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 7061 7373 . generates pass\n+00001640: 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 7320 666f 7220 word hashes for \n+00001650: 4752 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 GRUB.(*note Secu\n+00001660: 7269 7479 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 rity::)... g\n+00001670: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n+00001680: 6466 320a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d df2.. ...grub-\n+00001690: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 mkpasswd-pbkdf2.\n+000016a0: 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 .. accepts the f\n+000016b0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n+000016c0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d63 204e 554d 4245 52e2 :.....-c NUMBER.\n+000016d0: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6974 6572 6174 696f ......--iteratio\n+000016e0: 6e2d 636f 756e 743d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 n-count=NUMBER..\n+000016f0: 990a 2020 2020 204e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 .. Number of\n+00001700: 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 iterations of t\n+00001710: 6865 2075 6e64 6572 6c79 696e 6720 7073 he underlying ps\n+00001720: 6575 646f 2d72 616e 646f 6d20 6675 6e63 eudo-random func\n+00001730: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2044 6566 6175 tion.. Defau\n+00001740: 6c74 7320 746f 2031 3030 3030 2e0a 0ae2 lts to 10000....\n+00001750: 8098 2d6c 204e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 ..-l NUMBER.....\n+00001760: 8098 2d2d 6275 666c 656e 3d4e 554d 4245 ..--buflen=NUMBE\n+00001770: 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 R.... Length\n+00001780: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 of the generate\n+00001790: 6420 6861 7368 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 d hash. Default\n+000017a0: 7320 746f 2036 342e 0a0a e280 982d 7320 s to 64......-s \n+000017b0: 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d 2d73 NUMBER.......--s\n+000017c0: 616c 743d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 alt=NUMBER.... \n+000017d0: 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 Length of the\n+000017e0: 2073 616c 742e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 salt. Defaults\n+000017f0: 2074 6f20 3634 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a to 64.....File:\n+00001800: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00001810: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n+00001820: 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 -mkrelpath, Nex\n+00001830: 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 t: Invoking grub\n+00001840: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 5072 6576 -mkrescue, Prev\n+00001850: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00001860: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c mkpasswd-pbkdf2,\n+00001870: 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 Up: User-space\n+00001880: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e34 utilities..24.4\n+00001890: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+000018a0: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d krelpath.=======\n 000018b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000018c0: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 ==..The program \n-000018d0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ...grub-mkrelpat\n-000018e0: 68e2 8099 206d 616b 6573 2061 2066 696c h... makes a fil\n-000018f0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 e system path re\n-00001900: 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 7468 650a 726f lative to the.ro\n-00001910: 6f74 206f 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 6169 ot of its contai\n-00001920: 6e69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d ning file system\n-00001930: 2e20 2046 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c . For instance,\n-00001940: 2069 6620 e280 982f 7573 72e2 8099 2069 if .../usr... i\n-00001950: 7320 6120 6d6f 756e 740a 706f 696e 742c s a mount.point,\n-00001960: 2074 6865 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 then:.. $ g\n-00001970: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 6820 2f75 rub-mkrelpath /u\n-00001980: 7372 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e sr/share/grub/un\n-00001990: 6963 6f64 652e 7066 320a 2020 2020 20e2 icode.pf2. .\n-000019a0: 8098 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e ../share/grub/un\n-000019b0: 6963 6f64 652e 7066 32e2 8099 0a0a 2020 icode.pf2..... \n-000019c0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 This is mainly \n-000019d0: 7573 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 used internally \n-000019e0: 6279 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 7574 by other GRUB ut\n-000019f0: 696c 6974 6965 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a ilities such as.\n-00001a00: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n-00001a10: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n-00001a20: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n-00001a30: 673a 3a29 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f63 g::), but may oc\n-00001a40: 6361 7369 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a61 6c73 6f20 casionally.also \n-00001a50: 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6465 be useful for de\n-00001a60: 6275 6767 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 bugging... ...\n-00001a70: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 e280 grub-mkrelpath..\n-00001a80: 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f . accepts the fo\n-00001a90: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a llowing options:\n-00001aa0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 .....--help.... \n-00001ab0: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d Print a summ\n-00001ac0: 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ary of the comma\n-00001ad0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 nd-line options \n-00001ae0: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d and exit......--\n-00001af0: 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 version.... \n-00001b00: 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f Print the versio\n-00001b10: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 n number of GRUB\n-00001b20: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 and exit.....Fi\n-00001b30: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00001b40: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n-00001b50: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 204e rub-mkrescue, N\n-00001b60: 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ext: Invoking gr\n-00001b70: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a ub-mount, Prev:\n-00001b80: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00001b90: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2055 krelpath, Up: U\n-00001ba0: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-00001bb0: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3520 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.5 Invoki\n-00001bc0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ng grub-mkrescue\n-00001bd0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00001bf0: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 e program ...gru\n-00001c00: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6765 b-mkrescue... ge\n-00001c10: 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 6162 nerates a bootab\n-00001c20: 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 le GRUB rescue i\n-00001c30: 6d61 6765 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 mage.(*note Maki\n-00001c40: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n-00001c50: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 le CD-ROM::)... \n-00001c60: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 grub-mkrescu\n-00001c70: 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 e -o grub.iso.. \n-00001c80: 2020 416c 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 All arguments \n-00001c90: 6e6f 7420 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c not explicitly l\n-00001ca0: 6973 7465 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6772 7562 isted as ...grub\n-00001cb0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 206f 7074 -mkrescue... opt\n-00001cc0: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 0a70 6173 7365 6420 ions are.passed \n-00001cd0: 6f6e 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f 20e2 on directly to .\n-00001ce0: 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2069 6e20 ..xorriso... in \n-00001cf0: e280 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 656d ...mkisofs... em\n-00001d00: 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 204f ulation mode. O\n-00001d10: 7074 696f 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 6420 746f ptions.passed to\n-00001d20: 20e2 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2077 ...xorriso... w\n-00001d30: 696c 6c20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 6520 ill normally be \n-00001d40: 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 20e2 interpreted as .\n-00001d50: 8098 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 206f 7074 ..mkisofs... opt\n-00001d60: 696f 6e73 3b0a 6966 2074 6865 206f 7074 ions;.if the opt\n-00001d70: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2de2 8099 2069 7320 ion ...--... is \n-00001d80: 7573 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2061 6e79 7468 used, then anyth\n-00001d90: 696e 6720 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2077 ing after that w\n-00001da0: 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 ill be interpret\n-00001db0: 6564 0a61 7320 6e61 7469 7665 20e2 8098 ed.as native ...\n-00001dc0: 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 206f 7074 696f xorriso... optio\n-00001dd0: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 ns... Non-opti\n-00001de0: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 7065 on arguments spe\n-00001df0: 6369 6679 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 cify additional \n-00001e00: 736f 7572 6365 2064 6972 6563 746f 7269 source directori\n-00001e10: 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a63 6f6d es. This is.com\n-00001e20: 6d6f 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6164 monly used to ad\n-00001e30: 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f d extra files to\n-00001e40: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 2020 the image:.. \n-00001e50: 2020 6d6b 6469 7220 2d70 2064 6973 6b2f mkdir -p disk/\n-00001e60: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2028 boot/grub. (\n-00001e70: 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 add extra files \n-00001e80: 746f 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f to ...disk/boot/\n-00001e90: 6772 7562 e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 6772 grub...). gr\n-00001ea0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 ub-mkrescue -o g\n-00001eb0: 7275 622e 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a 2020 rub.iso disk.. \n-00001ec0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ...grub-mkrescu\n-00001ed0: 65e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 e... accepts the\n-00001ee0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n-00001ef0: 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 ns:.....--help..\n-00001f00: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 .. Print a s\n-00001f10: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f ummary of the co\n-00001f20: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f mmand-line optio\n-00001f30: 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 ns and exit.....\n-00001f40: 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 .--version.... \n-00001f50: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 Print the ver\n-00001f60: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 sion number of G\n-00001f70: 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 RUB and exit....\n-00001f80: 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 ..-o FILE.......\n-00001f90: 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 --output=FILE...\n-00001fa0: 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7665 206f 7574 7075 . Save outpu\n-00001fb0: 7420 696e 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6973 t in FILE. This\n-00001fc0: 2022 6f70 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2072 6571 \"option\" is req\n-00001fd0: 7569 7265 642e 0a0a e280 982d 2d6d 6f64 uired......--mod\n-00001fe0: 756c 6573 3d4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a ules=MODULES....\n-00001ff0: 2020 2020 2050 7265 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 Pre-load th\n-00002000: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4752 5542 206d 6f64 e named GRUB mod\n-00002010: 756c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 ules in the imag\n-00002020: 652e 2020 4d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2065 6e74 e. Multiple ent\n-00002030: 7269 6573 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 204d 4f44 ries in. MOD\n-00002040: 554c 4553 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2073 ULES should be s\n-00002050: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7768 6974 eparated by whit\n-00002060: 6573 7061 6365 2028 736f 2079 6f75 2077 espace (so you w\n-00002070: 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a20 2020 ill probably. \n-00002080: 2020 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7175 6f74 6520 need to quote \n-00002090: 7468 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 7368 this for your sh\n-000020a0: 656c 6c29 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6d2d ell)......--rom-\n-000020b0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 8099 directory=DIR...\n-000020c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 656e 6572 6174 . If generat\n-000020d0: 696e 6720 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2074 ing images for t\n-000020e0: 6865 2051 454d 5520 6f72 2043 6f72 6562 he QEMU or Coreb\n-000020f0: 6f6f 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c 2063 oot platforms, c\n-00002100: 6f70 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 opy the. res\n-00002110: 756c 7469 6e67 20e2 8098 7165 6d75 2e69 ulting ...qemu.i\n-00002120: 6d67 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 636f 7265 mg... or ...core\n-00002130: 626f 6f74 2e65 6c66 e280 9920 6669 6c65 boot.elf... file\n-00002140: 7320 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2074 s respectively t\n-00002150: 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 4952 2064 o the. DIR d\n-00002160: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 7765 6c6c irectory as well\n-00002170: 2061 7320 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 as including th\n-00002180: 656d 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e em in the image.\n-00002190: 0a0a e280 982d 2d78 6f72 7269 736f 3d46 .....--xorriso=F\n-000021a0: 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 ILE.... Use \n-000021b0: 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9878 FILE as the ...x\n-000021c0: 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 orriso... progra\n-000021d0: 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 m, rather than t\n-000021e0: 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 2020 he built-in. \n-000021f0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d default......--\n-00002200: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 494c grub-mkimage=FIL\n-00002210: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 E.... Use FI\n-00002220: 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 LE as the ...gru\n-00002230: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2070 726f b-mkimage... pro\n-00002240: 6772 616d 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 gram, rather tha\n-00002250: 6e20 7468 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 n the built-in. \n-00002260: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a default.....\n-00002270: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00002280: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n-00002290: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 grub-mount, Ne\n-000022a0: 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 xt: Invoking gru\n-000022b0: 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 b-probe, Prev: \n-000022c0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000022d0: 7265 7363 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 rescue, Up: Use\n-000022e0: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n-000022f0: 730a 0a32 342e 3620 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.6 Invoking\n-00002300: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 740a 3d3d 3d3d grub-mount.====\n+000018c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n+000018d0: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c am ...grub-mkrel\n+000018e0: 7061 7468 e280 9920 6d61 6b65 7320 6120 path... makes a \n+000018f0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 file system path\n+00001900: 2072 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 relative to the\n+00001910: 0a72 6f6f 7420 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6f6e .root of its con\n+00001920: 7461 696e 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 taining file sys\n+00001930: 7465 6d2e 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e tem. For instan\n+00001940: 6365 2c20 6966 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 e280 ce, if .../usr..\n+00001950: 9920 6973 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 0a70 6f69 . is a mount.poi\n+00001960: 6e74 2c20 7468 656e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 nt, then:.. \n+00001970: 2420 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 $ grub-mkrelpath\n+00001980: 202f 7573 722f 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 /usr/share/grub\n+00001990: 2f75 6e69 636f 6465 2e70 6632 0a20 2020 /unicode.pf2. \n+000019a0: 2020 e280 982f 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 .../share/grub\n+000019b0: 2f75 6e69 636f 6465 2e70 6632 e280 990a /unicode.pf2....\n+000019c0: 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e . This is main\n+000019d0: 6c79 2075 7365 6420 696e 7465 726e 616c ly used internal\n+000019e0: 6c79 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 4752 5542 ly by other GRUB\n+000019f0: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2073 7563 6820 utilities such \n+00001a00: 6173 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e as....grub-mkcon\n+00001a10: 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e fig... (*note In\n+00001a20: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n+00001a30: 6e66 6967 3a3a 292c 2062 7574 206d 6179 nfig::), but may\n+00001a40: 206f 6363 6173 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 616c occasionally.al\n+00001a50: 736f 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 so be useful for\n+00001a60: 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 debugging... \n+00001a70: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ...grub-mkrelpat\n+00001a80: 68e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 h... accepts the\n+00001a90: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n+00001aa0: 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 ns:.....--help..\n+00001ab0: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 .. Print a s\n+00001ac0: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f ummary of the co\n+00001ad0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f mmand-line optio\n+00001ae0: 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 ns and exit.....\n+00001af0: 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 .--version.... \n+00001b00: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 Print the ver\n+00001b10: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 sion number of G\n+00001b20: 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f RUB and exit....\n+00001b30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00001b40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Node: Invokin\n+00001b50: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652c g grub-mkrescue,\n+00001b60: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Next: Invoking\n+00001b70: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 grub-mount, Pr\n+00001b80: 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ev: Invoking gru\n+00001b90: 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5570 b-mkrelpath, Up\n+00001ba0: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n+00001bb0: 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e35 2049 6e76 lities..24.5 Inv\n+00001bc0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 oking grub-mkres\n+00001bd0: 6375 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d cue.============\n+00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00001bf0: 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 .The program ...\n+00001c00: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 grub-mkrescue...\n+00001c10: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2062 6f6f generates a boo\n+00001c20: 7461 626c 6520 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 table GRUB rescu\n+00001c30: 6520 696d 6167 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d e image.(*note M\n+00001c40: 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a GRUB boo\n+00001c50: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 292e table CD-ROM::).\n+00001c60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 .. grub-mkre\n+00001c70: 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f scue -o grub.iso\n+00001c80: 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2061 7267 756d 656e .. All argumen\n+00001c90: 7473 206e 6f74 2065 7870 6c69 6369 746c ts not explicitl\n+00001ca0: 7920 6c69 7374 6564 2061 7320 e280 9867 y listed as ...g\n+00001cb0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 rub-mkrescue... \n+00001cc0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 7061 7373 options are.pass\n+00001cd0: 6564 206f 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2074 ed on directly t\n+00001ce0: 6f20 e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 o ...xorriso... \n+00001cf0: 696e 20e2 8098 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 in ...mkisofs...\n+00001d00: 2065 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 652e emulation mode.\n+00001d10: 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 730a 7061 7373 6564 Options.passed\n+00001d20: 2074 6f20 e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 to ...xorriso..\n+00001d30: 9920 7769 6c6c 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 . will normally \n+00001d40: 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 be interpreted a\n+00001d50: 7320 e280 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 s ...mkisofs... \n+00001d60: 6f70 7469 6f6e 733b 0a69 6620 7468 6520 options;.if the \n+00001d70: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d e280 9920 option ...--... \n+00001d80: 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 616e is used, then an\n+00001d90: 7974 6869 6e67 2061 6674 6572 2074 6861 ything after tha\n+00001da0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 7465 7270 t will be interp\n+00001db0: 7265 7465 640a 6173 206e 6174 6976 6520 reted.as native \n+00001dc0: e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 6f70 ...xorriso... op\n+00001dd0: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f6e 2d6f tions... Non-o\n+00001de0: 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 ption arguments \n+00001df0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e specify addition\n+00001e00: 616c 2073 6f75 7263 6520 6469 7265 6374 al source direct\n+00001e10: 6f72 6965 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a ories. This is.\n+00001e20: 636f 6d6d 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6420 746f commonly used to\n+00001e30: 2061 6464 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 add extra files\n+00001e40: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a to the image:..\n+00001e50: 2020 2020 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6469 mkdir -p di\n+00001e60: 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 sk/boot/grub. \n+00001e70: 2020 2861 6464 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c (add extra fil\n+00001e80: 6573 2074 6f20 e280 9864 6973 6b2f 626f es to ...disk/bo\n+00001e90: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 290a 2020 2020 ot/grub...). \n+00001ea0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d grub-mkrescue -\n+00001eb0: 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2064 6973 6b0a o grub.iso disk.\n+00001ec0: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 . ...grub-mkre\n+00001ed0: 7363 7565 e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 scue... accepts \n+00001ee0: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 the following op\n+00001ef0: 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c tions:.....--hel\n+00001f00: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 p.... Print \n+00001f10: 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 a summary of the\n+00001f20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 command-line op\n+00001f30: 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a tions and exit..\n+00001f40: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 ....--version...\n+00001f50: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 . Print the \n+00001f60: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f version number o\n+00001f70: 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e f GRUB and exit.\n+00001f80: 0a0a e280 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 990a .....-o FILE....\n+00001f90: e280 982d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 ...--output=FILE\n+00001fa0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 6f75 .... Save ou\n+00001fb0: 7470 7574 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 tput in FILE. T\n+00001fc0: 6869 7320 226f 7074 696f 6e22 2069 7320 his \"option\" is \n+00001fd0: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d required......--\n+00001fe0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 733d 4d4f 4455 4c45 53e2 modules=MODULES.\n+00001ff0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 652d 6c6f 6164 ... Pre-load\n+00002000: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2047 5255 4220 the named GRUB \n+00002010: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2069 modules in the i\n+00002020: 6d61 6765 2e20 204d 756c 7469 706c 6520 mage. Multiple \n+00002030: 656e 7472 6965 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 entries in. \n+00002040: 4d4f 4455 4c45 5320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 MODULES should b\n+00002050: 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 e separated by w\n+00002060: 6869 7465 7370 6163 6520 2873 6f20 796f hitespace (so yo\n+00002070: 7520 7769 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a u will probably.\n+00002080: 2020 2020 206e 6565 6420 746f 2071 756f need to quo\n+00002090: 7465 2074 6869 7320 666f 7220 796f 7572 te this for your\n+000020a0: 2073 6865 6c6c 292e 0a0a e280 982d 2d72 shell)......--r\n+000020b0: 6f6d 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d44 4952 om-directory=DIR\n+000020c0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6765 6e65 .... If gene\n+000020d0: 7261 7469 6e67 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f rating images fo\n+000020e0: 7220 7468 6520 5145 4d55 206f 7220 436f r the QEMU or Co\n+000020f0: 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 reboot platforms\n+00002100: 2c20 636f 7079 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 , copy the. \n+00002110: 7265 7375 6c74 696e 6720 e280 9871 656d resulting ...qem\n+00002120: 752e 696d 67e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9863 u.img... or ...c\n+00002130: 6f72 6562 6f6f 742e 656c 66e2 8099 2066 oreboot.elf... f\n+00002140: 696c 6573 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c iles respectivel\n+00002150: 7920 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4449 y to the. DI\n+00002160: 5220 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2077 R directory as w\n+00002170: 656c 6c20 6173 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 ell as including\n+00002180: 2074 6865 6d20 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 them in the ima\n+00002190: 6765 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 786f 7272 6973 ge......--xorris\n+000021a0: 6f3d 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 o=FILE.... U\n+000021b0: 7365 2046 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 se FILE as the .\n+000021c0: 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2070 726f ..xorriso... pro\n+000021d0: 6772 616d 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 gram, rather tha\n+000021e0: 6e20 7468 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 n the built-in. \n+000021f0: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a e280 default.....\n+00002200: 982d 2d67 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 653d .--grub-mkimage=\n+00002210: 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 FILE.... Use\n+00002220: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 FILE as the ...\n+00002230: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 grub-mkimage... \n+00002240: 7072 6f67 7261 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 program, rather \n+00002250: 7468 616e 2074 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 than the built-i\n+00002260: 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a n. default..\n+00002270: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00002280: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n+00002290: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 ing grub-mount, \n+000022a0: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Next: Invoking \n+000022b0: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 grub-probe, Pre\n+000022c0: 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 v: Invoking grub\n+000022d0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 5570 3a20 -mkrescue, Up: \n+000022e0: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+000022f0: 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e36 2049 6e76 6f6b ties..24.6 Invok\n+00002300: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 0a3d ing grub-mount.=\n 00002310: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002320: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 ====..The progra\n-00002330: 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 m ...grub-mount.\n-00002340: 8099 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 7265 .. performs a re\n-00002350: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 ad-only mount of\n-00002360: 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d any file system\n-00002370: 0a6f 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 .or file system \n-00002380: 696d 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 image that GRUB \n-00002390: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 732c 2075 7369 understands, usi\n-000023a0: 6e67 2047 5255 4227 7320 6669 6c65 2073 ng GRUB's file s\n-000023b0: 7973 7465 6d0a 6472 6976 6572 7320 7669 ystem.drivers vi\n-000023c0: 6120 4655 5345 2e20 2849 7420 6973 206f a FUSE. (It is o\n-000023d0: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6966 nly available if\n-000023e0: 2046 5553 4520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e FUSE developmen\n-000023f0: 7420 6669 6c65 7320 7765 7265 0a70 7265 t files were.pre\n-00002400: 7365 6e74 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 sent when GRUB w\n-00002410: 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2e29 2020 5468 6973 as built.) This\n-00002420: 2068 6173 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 has a number of\n-00002430: 2075 7365 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 uses:.. ... I\n-00002440: 7420 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2063 6f6e t provides a con\n-00002450: 7665 6e69 656e 7420 7761 7920 746f 2063 venient way to c\n-00002460: 6865 636b 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 7769 heck how GRUB wi\n-00002470: 6c6c 2076 6965 7720 6120 6669 6c65 0a20 ll view a file. \n-00002480: 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 2061 7420 626f system at bo\n-00002490: 6f74 2074 696d 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 ot time. You ca\n-000024a0: 6e20 7573 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 2063 6f6d n use normal com\n-000024b0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 746f 6f6c 7320 mand-line tools \n-000024c0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6172 6520 to. compare \n-000024d0: 7468 6174 2076 6965 7720 7769 7468 2074 that view with t\n-000024e0: 6861 7420 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 hat of your oper\n-000024f0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6d61 ating system, ma\n-00002500: 6b69 6e67 2069 740a 2020 2020 2065 6173 king it. eas\n-00002510: 7920 746f 2066 696e 6420 6275 6773 2e0a y to find bugs..\n-00002520: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 206f 6666 6572 . ... It offer\n-00002530: 7320 7472 7565 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 s true read-only\n-00002540: 206d 6f75 6e74 732e 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 mounts. Linux \n-00002550: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7468 does not have th\n-00002560: 6573 6520 666f 720a 2020 2020 206a 6f75 ese for. jou\n-00002570: 726e 616c 6c69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 rnalling file sy\n-00002580: 7374 656d 732c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 stems, because i\n-00002590: 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6174 t will always at\n-000025a0: 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2072 6570 6c61 790a tempt to replay.\n-000025b0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206a 6f75 726e 616c the journal\n-000025c0: 2061 7420 6d6f 756e 7420 7469 6d65 3b20 at mount time; \n-000025d0: 7768 696c 6520 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7465 while you can te\n-000025e0: 6d70 6f72 6172 696c 7920 6d61 726b 2074 mporarily mark t\n-000025f0: 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6465 he block. de\n-00002600: 7669 6365 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2074 vice read-only t\n-00002610: 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7468 6973 2c20 7468 o avoid this, th\n-00002620: 6174 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6520 6d6f at causes the mo\n-00002630: 756e 7420 746f 2066 6169 6c2e 0a20 2020 unt to fail.. \n-00002640: 2020 5369 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e74 Since GRUB int\n-00002650: 656e 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7461 entionally conta\n-00002660: 696e 7320 6e6f 2063 6f64 6520 666f 7220 ins no code for \n-00002670: 7772 6974 696e 6720 746f 2066 696c 650a writing to file.\n-00002680: 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6974 systems, it\n-00002690: 2063 616e 2065 6173 696c 7920 7072 6f76 can easily prov\n-000026a0: 6964 6520 6120 6775 6172 616e 7465 6564 ide a guaranteed\n-000026b0: 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 read-only mount\n-000026c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2e . mechanism.\n-000026d0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 616c 6c6f .. ... It allo\n-000026e0: 7773 2079 6f75 2074 6f20 6578 616d 696e ws you to examin\n-000026f0: 6520 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 e any file syste\n-00002700: 6d20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 m that GRUB unde\n-00002710: 7273 7461 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2077 6974 rstands. wit\n-00002720: 686f 7574 206e 6565 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 hout needing to \n-00002730: 6c6f 6164 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 load additional \n-00002740: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 746f 2079 6f75 modules into you\n-00002750: 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 670a 2020 2020 206b r running. k\n-00002760: 6572 6e65 6c2c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 ernel, which may\n-00002770: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f be useful in co\n-00002780: 6e73 7472 6169 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f nstrained enviro\n-00002790: 6e6d 656e 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 0a20 nments such as. \n-000027a0: 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7273 2e0a installers..\n-000027b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5369 6e63 6520 6974 . ... 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Using \n-00002910: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 ...grub-mount...\n-00002920: 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 7320 is normally as \n-00002930: 7369 6d70 6c65 2061 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 simple as:.. \n-00002940: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 grub-mount /dev\n-00002950: 2f73 6461 3120 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 20e2 /sda1 /mnt.. .\n-00002960: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 ..grub-mount... \n-00002970: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6f6e must be given on\n-00002980: 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6573 e or more images\n-00002990: 2061 6e64 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 2070 6f69 and a mount poi\n-000029a0: 6e74 2061 730a 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e nt as.non-option\n-000029b0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6966 2069 arguments (if i\n-000029c0: 7420 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d 6f72 6520 t is given more \n-000029d0: 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 than one image, \n-000029e0: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 6561 740a 7468 it will treat.th\n-000029f0: 656d 2061 7320 6120 5241 4944 2073 6574 em as a RAID set\n-00002a00: 292c 2061 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 6365 ), and also acce\n-00002a10: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n-00002a20: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n-00002a30: 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 -help.... Pr\n-00002a40: 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 int a summary of\n-00002a50: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n-00002a60: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 e options and ex\n-00002a70: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f it......--versio\n-00002a80: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 n.... 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Loa\n-00002bb0: 6420 6120 5a46 5320 656e 6372 7970 7469 d a ZFS encrypti\n-00002bc0: 6f6e 206b 6579 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 on key. If you \n-00002bd0: 7573 6520 e280 9870 726f 6d70 74e2 8099 use ...prompt...\n-00002be0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 as the argument\n-00002bf0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ,. ...grub-m\n-00002c00: 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 ount... will rea\n-00002c10: 6420 6120 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2066 d a passphrase f\n-00002c20: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c rom the terminal\n-00002c30: 3b20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 0a20 2020 ; otherwise,. \n-00002c40: 2020 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 206b it will read k\n-00002c50: 6579 206d 6174 6572 6961 6c20 6672 6f6d ey material from\n-00002c60: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 the specified f\n-00002c70: 696c 652e 0a0a e280 982d 7220 4445 5649 ile......-r DEVI\n-00002c80: 4345 e280 990a e280 982d 2d72 6f6f 743d CE.......--root=\n-00002c90: 4445 5649 4345 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 DEVICE.... S\n-00002ca0: 6574 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 726f 6f74 et the GRUB root\n-00002cb0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2044 4556 4943 device to DEVIC\n-00002cc0: 452e 2020 596f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 206e E. You do not n\n-00002cd0: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f0a ormally need to.\n-00002ce0: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6869 733b 20e2 set this; .\n-00002cf0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 ..grub-mount... \n-00002d00: 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c will automatical\n-00002d10: 6c79 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 ly set the root \n-00002d20: 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 device to. t\n-00002d30: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 he root of the s\n-00002d40: 7570 706c 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 upplied file sys\n-00002d50: 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 4445 tem... If DE\n-00002d60: 5649 4345 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 206e VICE is just a n\n-00002d70: 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2077 umber, then it w\n-00002d80: 696c 6c20 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 ill be treated a\n-00002d90: 7320 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 s a partition. \n-00002da0: 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 7769 7468 696e number within\n-00002db0: 2074 6865 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 696d the supplied im\n-00002dc0: 6167 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 age. This means\n-00002dd0: 2074 6861 742c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 that, if you ha\n-00002de0: 7665 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 ve an. image\n-00002df0: 206f 6620 616e 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6469 of an entire di\n-00002e00: 736b 2069 6e20 e280 9864 6973 6b2e 696d sk in ...disk.im\n-00002e10: 67e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 g..., then you c\n-00002e20: 616e 2075 7365 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 an use this. \n-00002e30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6d6f 756e command to moun\n-00002e40: 7420 6974 7320 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 t its second par\n-00002e50: 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tition:.. \n-00002e60: 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2d72 grub-mount -r\n-00002e70: 2032 2064 6973 6b2e 696d 6720 6d6f 756e 2 disk.img moun\n-00002e80: 742d 706f 696e 740a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 t-point.....-v..\n-00002e90: 990a e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 .....--verbose..\n-00002ea0: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 .. Print ver\n-00002eb0: 626f 7365 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a bose messages...\n-00002ec0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00002ed0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 o, Node: Invoki\n-00002ee0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 ng grub-probe, \n-00002ef0: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Next: Invoking g\n-00002f00: 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b rub-script-check\n-00002f10: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Prev: Invokin\n-00002f20: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 g grub-mount, U\n-00002f30: 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 p: User-space ut\n-00002f40: 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3720 496e ilities..24.7 In\n-00002f50: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 voking grub-prob\n-00002f60: 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e.==============\n-00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-00002f80: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d program ...grub-\n-00002f90: 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6265 7320 probe... probes \n-00002fa0: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 device informati\n-00002fb0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 on for a given p\n-00002fc0: 6174 6820 6f72 0a64 6576 6963 652e 0a0a ath or.device...\n-00002fd0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6520 grub-probe \n-00002fe0: 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d66 7320 2f62 6f6f --target=fs /boo\n-00002ff0: 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 t/grub. grub\n-00003000: 2d70 726f 6265 202d 2d74 6172 6765 743d -probe --target=\n-00003010: 6472 6976 6520 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 202f drive --device /\n-00003020: 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 dev/sda1.. ...\n-00003030: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 6d75 grub-probe... mu\n-00003040: 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7061 st be given a pa\n-00003050: 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 th or device as \n-00003060: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 a non-option arg\n-00003070: 756d 656e 742c 0a61 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 ument,.and also \n-00003080: 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c accepts the foll\n-00003090: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a owing options:..\n-000030a0: e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...--help.... \n-000030b0: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 Print a summar\n-000030c0: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 y of the command\n-000030d0: 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e -line options an\n-000030e0: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 d exit......--ve\n-000030f0: 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 rsion.... Pr\n-00003100: 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 int the version \n-00003110: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 number of GRUB a\n-00003120: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 64e2 nd exit......-d.\n-00003130: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 e280 ......--device..\n-00003140: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f .. If this o\n-00003150: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 ption is given, \n-00003160: 7468 656e 2074 6865 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 then the non-opt\n-00003170: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 ion argument is \n-00003180: 6120 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6465 a system. de\n-00003190: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 2873 7563 6820 vice name (such \n-000031a0: 6173 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 31e2 as .../dev/sda1.\n-000031b0: 8099 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ..), and ...grub\n-000031c0: 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 -probe... will p\n-000031d0: 7269 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d rint. inform\n-000031e0: 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6174 ation about that\n-000031f0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 2069 7420 device. If it \n-00003200: 6973 206e 6f74 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 is not given, th\n-00003210: 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d en the. non-\n-00003220: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 option argument \n-00003230: 6973 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 is a filesystem \n-00003240: 7061 7468 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 path (such as ..\n-00003250: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 292c ./boot/grub...),\n-00003260: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 . and ...gru\n-00003270: 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 b-probe... will \n-00003280: 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f print informatio\n-00003290: 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 n about the devi\n-000032a0: 6365 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 670a 2020 ce containing. \n-000032b0: 2020 2074 6861 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 that part of \n-000032c0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e0a the filesystem..\n-000032d0: 0ae2 8098 2d6d 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 ....-m FILE.....\n-000032e0: 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 3d46 ..--device-map=F\n-000032f0: 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 ILE.... Use \n-00003300: 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 6465 7669 FILE as the devi\n-00003310: 6365 206d 6170 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 ce map (*note De\n-00003320: 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 7261 7468 vice map::) rath\n-00003330: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 er than the. \n-00003340: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c default, usuall\n-00003350: 7920 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f y .../boot/grub/\n-00003360: 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 992e 0a0a device.map......\n-00003370: e280 982d 7420 5441 5247 4554 e280 990a ...-t TARGET....\n-00003380: e280 982d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 5441 5247 ...--target=TARG\n-00003390: 4554 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 ET.... Print\n-000033a0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f information abo\n-000033b0: 7574 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 ut the given pat\n-000033c0: 6820 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2064 h or device as d\n-000033d0: 6566 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2054 efined by. T\n-000033e0: 4152 4745 542e 2020 5468 6520 6176 6169 ARGET. The avai\n-000033f0: 6c61 626c 6520 7461 7267 6574 7320 616e lable targets an\n-00003400: 6420 7468 6569 7220 6d65 616e 696e 6773 d their meanings\n-00003410: 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 are:.. ...f\n-00003420: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 s.... G\n-00003430: 5255 4220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d RUB filesystem m\n-00003440: 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 odule.. ...f\n-00003450: 735f 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 s_uuid.... \n-00003460: 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 Filesystem U\n-00003470: 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2055 6e69 7175 niversally Uniqu\n-00003480: 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 5555 e Identifier (UU\n-00003490: 4944 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 735f ID).. ...fs_\n-000034a0: 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 label.... \n-000034b0: 2020 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 Filesystem la\n-000034c0: 6265 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 7269 bel.. ...dri\n-000034d0: 7665 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ve.... \n-000034e0: 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 GRUB device name\n-000034f0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6465 7669 6365 .. ...device\n-00003500: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 .... Sy\n-00003510: 7374 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 stem device name\n-00003520: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7061 7274 6d61 .. ...partma\n-00003530: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 p.... G\n-00003540: 5255 4220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 RUB partition ma\n-00003550: 7020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 p module.. .\n-00003560: 8098 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f 6ee2 8099 ..abstraction...\n-00003570: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 . GRUB \n-00003580: 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f 6e20 6d6f 6475 abstraction modu\n-00003590: 6c65 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 986c 766d le (e.g. ...lvm\n-000035a0: e280 9929 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6372 ...).. ...cr\n-000035b0: 7970 746f 6469 736b 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 yptodisk_uuid...\n-000035c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 7279 7074 . Crypt\n-000035d0: 6f20 6465 7669 6365 2055 5549 442e 0a20 o device UUID.. \n-000035e0: 2020 2020 e280 986d 7364 6f73 5f70 6172 ...msdos_par\n-000035f0: 7474 7970 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ttype.... \n-00003600: 2020 204d 4252 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e MBR partition\n-00003610: 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 2028 7477 6f20 type code (two \n-00003620: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 hexadecimal digi\n-00003630: 7473 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9868 696e ts).. ...hin\n-00003640: 7473 5f73 7472 696e 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 ts_string.... \n-00003650: 2020 2020 2020 2041 2073 7472 696e 6720 A string \n-00003660: 6f66 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7365 6172 of platform sear\n-00003670: 6368 2068 696e 7473 2073 7569 7461 626c ch hints suitabl\n-00003680: 6520 666f 7220 7061 7373 696e 6720 746f e for passing to\n-00003690: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 20e2 the. .\n-000036a0: 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ..search... comm\n-000036b0: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 and (*note searc\n-000036c0: 683a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6269 h::).. ...bi\n-000036d0: 6f73 5f68 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 os_hints.... \n-000036e0: 2020 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e Search hin\n-000036f0: 7473 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 ts for the PC BI\n-00003700: 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 OS platform.. \n-00003710: 2020 e280 9869 6565 6531 3237 355f 6869 ...ieee1275_hi\n-00003720: 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nts.... \n-00003730: 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f Search hints fo\n-00003740: 7220 7468 6520 4945 4545 3132 3735 2070 r the IEEE1275 p\n-00003750: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 latform.. ..\n-00003760: 9862 6172 656d 6574 616c 5f68 696e 7473 .baremetal_hints\n-00003770: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 .... Se\n-00003780: 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2070 arch hints for p\n-00003790: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2064 latforms where d\n-000037a0: 6973 6b73 2061 7265 2061 6464 7265 7373 isks are address\n-000037b0: 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 2020 2020 ed directly. \n-000037c0: 2020 2020 2020 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 rather tha\n-000037d0: 6e20 7669 6120 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a n via firmware..\n-000037e0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6566 695f 6869 6e74 ...efi_hint\n-000037f0: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 s.... S\n-00003800: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 earch hints for \n-00003810: 7468 6520 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d the EFI platform\n-00003820: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6172 635f 6869 .. ...arc_hi\n-00003830: 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nts.... \n-00003840: 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f Search hints fo\n-00003850: 7220 7468 6520 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f r the ARC platfo\n-00003860: 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6d70 rm.. ...comp\n-00003870: 6174 6962 696c 6974 795f 6869 6e74 e280 atibility_hint..\n-00003880: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4120 6775 .. A gu\n-00003890: 6573 7320 6174 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 ess at a reasona\n-000038a0: 626c 6520 4752 5542 2064 7269 7665 206e ble GRUB drive n\n-000038b0: 616d 6520 666f 7220 7468 6973 2064 6576 ame for this dev\n-000038c0: 6963 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 ice, which. \n-000038d0: 2020 2020 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 may be used\n-000038e0: 2061 7320 6120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2069 as a fallback i\n-000038f0: 6620 7468 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 f the ...search.\n-00003900: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 6169 6c73 .. command fails\n-00003910: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b e280 .. ...disk..\n-00003920: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 .. Syst\n-00003930: 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 em device name f\n-00003940: 6f72 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 or the whole dis\n-00003950: 6b2e 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 k......-v.......\n-00003960: 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 --verbose.... \n-00003970: 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 7262 6f73 6520 Print verbose \n-00003980: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c messages.....Fil\n-00003990: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000039a0: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n-000039b0: 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c ub-script-check,\n-000039c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Prev: Invoking\n-000039d0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 grub-probe, Up\n-000039e0: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n-000039f0: 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e38 2049 6e76 lities..24.8 Inv\n-00003a00: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 oking grub-scrip\n-00003a10: 742d 6368 6563 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d t-check.========\n+00002320: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n+00002330: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 gram ...grub-mou\n+00002340: 6e74 e280 9920 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 nt... performs a\n+00002350: 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 read-only mount\n+00002360: 206f 6620 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 of any file sys\n+00002370: 7465 6d0a 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 tem.or file syst\n+00002380: 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 em image that GR\n+00002390: 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2c20 UB understands, \n+000023a0: 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2773 2066 696c using GRUB's fil\n+000023b0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a64 7269 7665 7273 e system.drivers\n+000023c0: 2076 6961 2046 5553 452e 2028 4974 2069 via FUSE. (It i\n+000023d0: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n+000023e0: 2069 6620 4655 5345 2064 6576 656c 6f70 if FUSE develop\n+000023f0: 6d65 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2077 6572 650a ment files were.\n+00002400: 7072 6573 656e 7420 7768 656e 2047 5255 present when GRU\n+00002410: 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 742e 2920 2054 B was built.) T\n+00002420: 6869 7320 6861 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 his has a number\n+00002430: 206f 6620 7573 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 of uses:.. ..\n+00002440: a220 4974 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 . It provides a \n+00002450: 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e74 2077 6179 2074 convenient way t\n+00002460: 6f20 6368 6563 6b20 686f 7720 4752 5542 o check how GRUB\n+00002470: 2077 696c 6c20 7669 6577 2061 2066 696c will view a fil\n+00002480: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 e. system at\n+00002490: 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2e20 2059 6f75 boot time. You\n+000024a0: 2063 616e 2075 7365 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 can use normal \n+000024b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2074 6f6f command-line too\n+000024c0: 6c73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 ls to. compa\n+000024d0: 7265 2074 6861 7420 7669 6577 2077 6974 re that view wit\n+000024e0: 6820 7468 6174 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f h that of your o\n+000024f0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c perating system,\n+00002500: 206d 616b 696e 6720 6974 0a20 2020 2020 making it. \n+00002510: 6561 7379 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2062 7567 easy to find bug\n+00002520: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 6f66 s... ... It of\n+00002530: 6665 7273 2074 7275 6520 7265 6164 2d6f fers true read-o\n+00002540: 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 7473 2e20 204c 696e nly mounts. 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It a\n+000026e0: 6c6c 6f77 7320 796f 7520 746f 2065 7861 llows you to exa\n+000026f0: 6d69 6e65 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 mine any file sy\n+00002700: 7374 656d 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 stem that GRUB u\n+00002710: 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 nderstands. \n+00002720: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 without needing \n+00002730: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e to load addition\n+00002740: 616c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 al modules into \n+00002750: 796f 7572 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 your running. \n+00002760: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7768 6963 6820 kernel, which \n+00002770: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e may be useful in\n+00002780: 2063 6f6e 7374 7261 696e 6564 2065 6e76 constrained env\n+00002790: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 7320 7375 6368 2061 ironments such a\n+000027a0: 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 s. installer\n+000027b0: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 696e 6365 s... ... Since\n+000027c0: 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6578 616d 696e 6520 it can examine \n+000027d0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 file system imag\n+000027e0: 6573 2028 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e es (contained in\n+000027f0: 2072 6567 756c 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6669 regular. fi\n+00002800: 6c65 7329 206a 7573 7420 6173 2065 6173 les) just as eas\n+00002810: 696c 7920 6173 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 ily as file syst\n+00002820: 656d 7320 6f6e 2062 6c6f 636b 2064 6576 ems on block dev\n+00002830: 6963 6573 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 ices, you can us\n+00002840: 650a 2020 2020 2069 7420 746f 2069 6e73 e. it to ins\n+00002850: 7065 6374 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 pect any file sy\n+00002860: 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 stem image that \n+00002870: 4752 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 GRUB understands\n+00002880: 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 with only. \n+00002890: 656e 6f75 6768 2070 7269 7669 6c65 6765 enough privilege\n+000028a0: 7320 746f 2075 7365 2046 5553 452c 2065 s to use FUSE, e\n+000028b0: 7665 6e20 6966 206e 6f62 6f64 7920 6861 ven if nobody ha\n+000028c0: 7320 7965 7420 7772 6974 7465 6e20 610a s yet written a.\n+000028d0: 2020 2020 2046 5553 4520 6d6f 6475 6c65 FUSE module\n+000028e0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 6c6c 7920 666f specifically fo\n+000028f0: 7220 7468 6174 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 r that file syst\n+00002900: 656d 2074 7970 652e 0a0a 2020 2055 7369 em type... Usi\n+00002910: 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 ng ...grub-mount\n+00002920: e280 9920 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 ... is normally \n+00002930: 6173 2073 696d 706c 6520 6173 3a0a 0a20 as simple as:.. \n+00002940: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202f grub-mount /\n+00002950: 6465 762f 7364 6131 202f 6d6e 740a 0a20 dev/sda1 /mnt.. \n+00002960: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 ...grub-mount.\n+00002970: 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e .. must be given\n+00002980: 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6d61 one or more ima\n+00002990: 6765 7320 616e 6420 6120 6d6f 756e 7420 ges and a mount \n+000029a0: 706f 696e 7420 6173 0a6e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 point as.non-opt\n+000029b0: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 2869 ion arguments (i\n+000029c0: 6620 6974 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d6f f it is given mo\n+000029d0: 7265 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 696d 6167 re than one imag\n+000029e0: 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7265 6174 e, it will treat\n+000029f0: 0a74 6865 6d20 6173 2061 2052 4149 4420 .them as a RAID \n+00002a00: 7365 7429 2c20 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 set), and also a\n+00002a10: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n+00002a20: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 wing options:...\n+00002a30: 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..--help.... \n+00002a40: 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 Print a summary\n+00002a50: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d of the command-\n+00002a60: 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 line options and\n+00002a70: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 exit......--ver\n+00002a80: 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 sion.... Pri\n+00002a90: 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e nt the version n\n+00002aa0: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e umber of GRUB an\n+00002ab0: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d43 e280 d exit......-C..\n+00002ac0: 990a e280 982d 2d63 7279 7074 6fe2 8099 .....--crypto...\n+00002ad0: 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 656e 6372 . Mount encr\n+00002ae0: 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 732c 2070 ypted devices, p\n+00002af0: 726f 6d70 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 2070 rompting for a p\n+00002b00: 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 6966 206e 6563 assphrase if nec\n+00002b10: 6573 7361 7279 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 2053 essary......-d S\n+00002b20: 5452 494e 47e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 TRING.......--de\n+00002b30: 6275 673d 5354 5249 4e47 e280 990a 2020 bug=STRING.... \n+00002b40: 2020 2053 686f 7720 6465 6275 6767 696e Show debuggin\n+00002b50: 6720 6f75 7470 7574 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e g output for con\n+00002b60: 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 ditions matching\n+00002b70: 2053 5452 494e 472e 0a0a e280 982d 4b20 STRING......-K \n+00002b80: 7072 6f6d 7074 7c46 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 prompt|FILE.....\n+00002b90: 8098 2d2d 7a66 732d 6b65 793d 7072 6f6d ..--zfs-key=prom\n+00002ba0: 7074 7c46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 pt|FILE.... \n+00002bb0: 4c6f 6164 2061 205a 4653 2065 6e63 7279 Load a ZFS encry\n+00002bc0: 7074 696f 6e20 6b65 792e 2020 4966 2079 ption key. If y\n+00002bd0: 6f75 2075 7365 20e2 8098 7072 6f6d 7074 ou use ...prompt\n+00002be0: e280 9920 6173 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d ... as the argum\n+00002bf0: 656e 742c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 7275 ent,. ...gru\n+00002c00: 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 b-mount... will \n+00002c10: 7265 6164 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 read a passphras\n+00002c20: 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 e from the termi\n+00002c30: 6e61 6c3b 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a nal; otherwise,.\n+00002c40: 2020 2020 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 it will rea\n+00002c50: 6420 6b65 7920 6d61 7465 7269 616c 2066 d key material f\n+00002c60: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 rom the specifie\n+00002c70: 6420 6669 6c65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d72 2044 d file......-r D\n+00002c80: 4556 4943 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f EVICE.......--ro\n+00002c90: 6f74 3d44 4556 4943 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 ot=DEVICE.... \n+00002ca0: 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2072 Set the GRUB r\n+00002cb0: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 4445 oot device to DE\n+00002cc0: 5649 4345 2e20 2059 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f VICE. You do no\n+00002cd0: 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206e 6565 6420 t normally need \n+00002ce0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 to. set this\n+00002cf0: 3b20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 ; ...grub-mount.\n+00002d00: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 .. will automati\n+00002d10: 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f cally set the ro\n+00002d20: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 0a20 2020 ot device to. \n+00002d30: 2020 7468 6520 726f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 the root of th\n+00002d40: 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2066 696c 6520 e supplied file \n+00002d50: 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 system... If\n+00002d60: 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 206a 7573 7420 DEVICE is just \n+00002d70: 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2069 a number, then i\n+00002d80: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 t will be treate\n+00002d90: 6420 6173 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e d as a partition\n+00002da0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2077 6974 . number wit\n+00002db0: 6869 6e20 7468 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 hin the supplied\n+00002dc0: 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 image. This me\n+00002dd0: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 ans that, if you\n+00002de0: 2068 6176 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 696d have an. im\n+00002df0: 6167 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 656e 7469 7265 age of an entire\n+00002e00: 2064 6973 6b20 696e 20e2 8098 6469 736b disk in ...disk\n+00002e10: 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 796f .img..., then yo\n+00002e20: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 6973 0a20 u can use this. \n+00002e30: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 206d command to m\n+00002e40: 6f75 6e74 2069 7473 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 ount its second \n+00002e50: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 partition:.. \n+00002e60: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 grub-mount\n+00002e70: 202d 7220 3220 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 206d -r 2 disk.img m\n+00002e80: 6f75 6e74 2d70 6f69 6e74 0a0a e280 982d ount-point.....-\n+00002e90: 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 v.......--verbos\n+00002ea0: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 e.... 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U\n+00003300: 7365 2046 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 2064 se FILE as the d\n+00003310: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 282a 6e6f 7465 evice map (*note\n+00003320: 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2072 Device map::) r\n+00003330: 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 0a20 ather than the. \n+00003340: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 742c 2075 7375 default, usu\n+00003350: 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 ally .../boot/gr\n+00003360: 7562 2f64 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 ub/device.map...\n+00003370: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d74 2054 4152 4745 54e2 ......-t TARGET.\n+00003380: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d54 ......--target=T\n+00003390: 4152 4745 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 ARGET.... Pr\n+000033a0: 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 int information \n+000033b0: 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 about the given \n+000033c0: 7061 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 path or device a\n+000033d0: 7320 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6279 0a20 2020 s defined by. \n+000033e0: 2020 5441 5247 4554 2e20 2054 6865 2061 TARGET. The a\n+000033f0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6172 6765 7473 vailable targets\n+00003400: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6972 206d 6561 6e69 and their meani\n+00003410: 6e67 7320 6172 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 ngs are:.. .\n+00003420: 8098 6673 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..fs.... \n+00003430: 2020 4752 5542 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 GRUB filesyste\n+00003440: 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 m module.. .\n+00003450: 8098 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 ..fs_uuid.... \n+00003460: 2020 2020 2020 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 Filesyste\n+00003470: 6d20 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 7920 556e m Universally Un\n+00003480: 6971 7565 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 ique Identifier \n+00003490: 2855 5549 4429 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 (UUID).. ...\n+000034a0: 6673 5f6c 6162 656c e280 990a 2020 2020 fs_label.... \n+000034b0: 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Filesystem\n+000034c0: 206c 6162 656c 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 label.. ...\n+000034d0: 6472 6976 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 drive.... \n+000034e0: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e GRUB device n\n+000034f0: 616d 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6576 ame.. ...dev\n+00003500: 6963 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ice.... \n+00003510: 2053 7973 7465 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e System device n\n+00003520: 616d 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9870 6172 ame.. ...par\n+00003530: 746d 6170 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 tmap.... \n+00003540: 2020 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e GRUB partition\n+00003550: 206d 6170 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 map module.. \n+00003560: 2020 e280 9861 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e ...abstraction\n+00003570: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 .... GR\n+00003580: 5542 2061 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 206d UB abstraction m\n+00003590: 6f64 756c 6520 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 odule (e.g. ...\n+000035a0: 6c76 6de2 8099 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 lvm...).. ..\n+000035b0: 9863 7279 7074 6f64 6973 6b5f 7575 6964 .cryptodisk_uuid\n+000035c0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4372 .... Cr\n+000035d0: 7970 746f 2064 6576 6963 6520 5555 4944 ypto device UUID\n+000035e0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d73 646f 735f .. ...msdos_\n+000035f0: 7061 7274 7479 7065 e280 990a 2020 2020 parttype.... \n+00003600: 2020 2020 2020 4d42 5220 7061 7274 6974 MBR partit\n+00003610: 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2063 6f64 6520 2874 ion type code (t\n+00003620: 776f 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 wo hexadecimal d\n+00003630: 6967 6974 7329 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 igits).. ...\n+00003640: 6869 6e74 735f 7374 7269 6e67 e280 990a hints_string....\n+00003650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4120 7374 7269 A stri\n+00003660: 6e67 206f 6620 706c 6174 666f 726d 2073 ng of platform s\n+00003670: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 7375 6974 earch hints suit\n+00003680: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7369 6e67 able for passing\n+00003690: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 to the. \n+000036a0: 2020 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2063 ...search... c\n+000036b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 ommand (*note se\n+000036c0: 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 arch::).. ..\n+000036d0: 9862 696f 735f 6869 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 .bios_hints.... \n+000036e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 Search \n+000036f0: 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 5043 hints for the PC\n+00003700: 2042 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a BIOS platform..\n+00003710: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 ...ieee1275\n+00003720: 5f68 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 _hints.... \n+00003730: 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 Search hints\n+00003740: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2049 4545 4531 3237 for the IEEE127\n+00003750: 3520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 5 platform.. \n+00003760: 20e2 8098 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c5f 6869 ...baremetal_hi\n+00003770: 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nts.... \n+00003780: 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f Search hints fo\n+00003790: 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7768 6572 r platforms wher\n+000037a0: 6520 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6164 6472 e disks are addr\n+000037b0: 6573 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 essed directly. \n+000037c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6174 6865 7220 rather \n+000037d0: 7468 616e 2076 6961 2066 6972 6d77 6172 than via firmwar\n+000037e0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9865 6669 5f68 e.. ...efi_h\n+000037f0: 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ints.... \n+00003800: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 Search hints f\n+00003810: 6f72 2074 6865 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 or the EFI platf\n+00003820: 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 7263 orm.. ...arc\n+00003830: 5f68 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 _hints.... \n+00003840: 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 Search hints\n+00003850: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2041 5243 2070 6c61 for the ARC pla\n+00003860: 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 tform.. ...c\n+00003870: 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 5f68 696e ompatibility_hin\n+00003880: 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 t.... A\n+00003890: 2067 7565 7373 2061 7420 6120 7265 6173 guess at a reas\n+000038a0: 6f6e 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 6472 6976 onable GRUB driv\n+000038b0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 e name for this \n+000038c0: 6465 7669 6365 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 device, which. \n+000038d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6265 2075 may be u\n+000038e0: 7365 6420 6173 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 sed as a fallbac\n+000038f0: 6b20 6966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 k if the ...sear\n+00003900: 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6661 ch... command fa\n+00003910: 696c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6973 ils.. ...dis\n+00003920: 6be2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 k.... S\n+00003930: 7973 7465 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d ystem device nam\n+00003940: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 e for the whole \n+00003950: 6469 736b 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a disk......-v....\n+00003960: e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a ...--verbose....\n+00003970: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 626f Print verbo\n+00003980: 7365 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a se messages.....\n+00003990: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000039a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n+000039b0: 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 grub-script-che\n+000039c0: 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b ck, Prev: Invok\n+000039d0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 ing grub-probe, \n+000039e0: 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 Up: User-space \n+000039f0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3820 utilities..24.8 \n+00003a00: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 Invoking grub-sc\n+00003a10: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ript-check.=====\n 00003a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n-00003a40: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 gram ...grub-scr\n-00003a50: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2074 616b ipt-check... tak\n-00003a60: 6573 2061 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 es a GRUB script\n-00003a70: 2066 696c 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 0a53 6865 file (*note.She\n-00003a80: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n-00003a90: 673a 3a29 2061 6e64 2063 6865 636b 7320 g::) and checks \n-00003aa0: 6974 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 it for syntax er\n-00003ab0: 726f 7273 2c20 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f rors, similar to\n-00003ac0: 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 .commands such a\n-00003ad0: 7320 e280 9873 6820 2d6e e280 992e 2020 s ...sh -n.... \n-00003ae0: 4974 206d 6179 2074 616b 6520 6120 5041 It may take a PA\n-00003af0: 5448 2061 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 TH as a non-opti\n-00003b00: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 743b 0a69 6620 on argument;.if \n-00003b10: 6e6f 6e65 2069 7320 7375 7070 6c69 6564 none is supplied\n-00003b20: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2066 , it will read f\n-00003b30: 726f 6d20 7374 616e 6461 7264 2069 6e70 rom standard inp\n-00003b40: 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d73 ut... grub-s\n-00003b50: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b20 2f62 6f6f cript-check /boo\n-00003b60: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a t/grub/grub.cfg.\n-00003b70: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 7269 . ...grub-scri\n-00003b80: 7074 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 6163 6365 pt-check... acce\n-00003b90: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n-00003ba0: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n-00003bb0: 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 -help.... Pr\n-00003bc0: 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 int a summary of\n-00003bd0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n-00003be0: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 e options and ex\n-00003bf0: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f it......--versio\n-00003c00: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 n.... Print \n-00003c10: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n-00003c20: 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 er of GRUB and e\n-00003c30: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 xit......-v.....\n-00003c40: 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 ..--verbose.... \n-00003c50: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6561 6368 206c Print each l\n-00003c60: 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2061 6674 ine of input aft\n-00003c70: 6572 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 742e 0a0a er reading it...\n-00003c80: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00003c90: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e o, Node: Obtain\n-00003ca0: 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 ing and Building\n-00003cb0: 2047 5255 422c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5265 GRUB, Next: Re\n-00003cc0: 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2050 porting bugs, P\n-00003cd0: 7265 763a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 rev: User-space \n-00003ce0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 5570 3a20 utilities, Up: \n-00003cf0: 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4120 Top..Appendix A \n-00003d00: 486f 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e How to obtain an\n-00003d10: 6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2a2a d build GRUB.***\n+00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00003a40: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d program ...grub-\n+00003a50: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 script-check... \n+00003a60: 7461 6b65 7320 6120 4752 5542 2073 6372 takes a GRUB scr\n+00003a70: 6970 7420 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a ipt file (*note.\n+00003a80: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n+00003a90: 7469 6e67 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 6368 6563 ting::) and chec\n+00003aa0: 6b73 2069 7420 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 ks it for syntax\n+00003ab0: 2065 7272 6f72 732c 2073 696d 696c 6172 errors, similar\n+00003ac0: 2074 6f0a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 7563 to.commands suc\n+00003ad0: 6820 6173 20e2 8098 7368 202d 6ee2 8099 h as ...sh -n...\n+00003ae0: 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 7920 7461 6b65 2061 . It may take a\n+00003af0: 2050 4154 4820 6173 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f PATH as a non-o\n+00003b00: 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 3b0a ption argument;.\n+00003b10: 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 6973 2073 7570 706c if none is suppl\n+00003b20: 6965 642c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 ied, it will rea\n+00003b30: 6420 6672 6f6d 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 d from standard \n+00003b40: 696e 7075 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 input... gru\n+00003b50: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 202f b-script-check /\n+00003b60: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n+00003b70: 6667 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 fg.. ...grub-s\n+00003b80: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2061 cript-check... a\n+00003b90: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n+00003ba0: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 wing options:...\n+00003bb0: 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..--help.... \n+00003bc0: 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 Print a summary\n+00003bd0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d of the command-\n+00003be0: 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 line options and\n+00003bf0: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 exit......--ver\n+00003c00: 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 sion.... Pri\n+00003c10: 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e nt the version n\n+00003c20: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e umber of GRUB an\n+00003c30: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 d exit......-v..\n+00003c40: 990a e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 .....--verbose..\n+00003c50: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2065 6163 .. Print eac\n+00003c60: 6820 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 h line of input \n+00003c70: 6166 7465 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6974 after reading it\n+00003c80: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00003c90: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 6274 info, Node: Obt\n+00003ca0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n+00003cb0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 204e 6578 743a ing GRUB, Next:\n+00003cc0: 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c Reporting bugs,\n+00003cd0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 Prev: User-spa\n+00003ce0: 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 2055 ce utilities, U\n+00003cf0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 p: Top..Appendix\n+00003d00: 2041 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 6f62 7461 696e A How to obtain\n+00003d10: 2061 6e64 2062 7569 6c64 2047 5255 420a and build GRUB.\n 00003d20: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 00003d30: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00003d40: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4361 7574 ****.. *Caut\n-00003d50: 696f 6e3a 2a20 4752 5542 2072 6571 7569 ion:* GRUB requi\n-00003d60: 7265 7320 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 2d32 2e39 res binutils-2.9\n-00003d70: 2e31 2e30 2e32 3320 6f72 206c 6174 6572 .1.0.23 or later\n-00003d80: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 because the. \n-00003d90: 2020 474e 5520 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 7220 GNU assembler \n-00003da0: 6861 7320 6265 656e 2063 6861 6e67 6564 has been changed\n-00003db0: 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 so that it can \n-00003dc0: 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7265 616c 2031 3662 produce real 16b\n-00003dd0: 6974 730a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 its. machine\n-00003de0: 2063 6f64 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 322e code between 2.\n-00003df0: 392e 3120 616e 6420 322e 392e 312e 302e 9.1 and 2.9.1.0.\n-00003e00: 782e 2020 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c 6874 x. See. , to obtain in\n-00003e40: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2068 6f77 formation on how\n-00003e50: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2067 6574 2074 6865 . to get the\n-00003e60: 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e2e latest version.\n-00003e70: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 7661 .. GRUB is ava\n-00003e80: 696c 6162 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 ilable from the \n-00003e90: 474e 5520 616c 7068 6120 6172 6368 6976 GNU alpha archiv\n-00003ea0: 6520 7369 7465 0a3c 6674 703a 2f2f 6674 e site. or any of it\n-00003ed0: 7320 6d69 7272 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6520 s mirrors. The \n-00003ee0: 6669 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a6e 616d file will be.nam\n-00003ef0: 6564 2067 7275 622d 7665 7273 696f 6e2e ed grub-version.\n-00003f00: 7461 722e 677a 2e20 2054 6865 2063 7572 tar.gz. The cur\n-00003f10: 7265 6e74 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 rent version is \n-00003f20: 322e 3132 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 696c 2.12, so the fil\n-00003f30: 6520 796f 750a 7368 6f75 6c64 2067 7261 e you.should gra\n-00003f40: 6220 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 3c66 7470 3a2f b is:.. .. To u\n-00003f80: 6e62 756e 646c 6520 4752 5542 2075 7365 nbundle GRUB use\n-00003f90: 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e the instruction\n-00003fa0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7a63 6174 2067 7275 :.. zcat gru\n-00003fb0: 622d 322e 3132 2e74 6172 2e67 7a20 7c20 b-2.12.tar.gz | \n-00003fc0: 7461 7220 7876 6620 2d0a 0a20 2020 7768 tar xvf -.. wh\n-00003fd0: 6963 6820 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 6520 ich will create \n-00003fe0: 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6361 6c6c a directory call\n-00003ff0: 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 32e2 ed ...grub-2.12.\n-00004000: 8099 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 7468 650a .. with all the.\n-00004010: 736f 7572 6365 732e 2020 596f 7520 6361 sources. You ca\n-00004020: 6e20 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 6669 n look at the fi\n-00004030: 6c65 20e2 8098 494e 5354 414c 4ce2 8099 le ...INSTALL...\n-00004040: 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e for detailed in\n-00004050: 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 0a6f 6e20 686f structions.on ho\n-00004060: 7720 746f 2062 7569 6c64 2061 6e64 2069 w to build and i\n-00004070: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 nstall GRUB, but\n-00004080: 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 you should be a\n-00004090: 626c 6520 746f 206a 7573 7420 646f 3a0a ble to just do:.\n-000040a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6364 2067 7275 622d 322e . cd grub-2.\n-000040b0: 3132 0a20 2020 2020 2e2f 636f 6e66 6967 12. ./config\n-000040c0: 7572 650a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 696e ure. make in\n-000040d0: 7374 616c 6c0a 0a20 2020 416c 736f 2c20 stall.. Also, \n-000040e0: 7468 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 the latest versi\n-000040f0: 6f6e 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 on is available \n-00004100: 7573 696e 6720 4769 742e 2020 5365 650a using Git. See.\n-00004110: 3c68 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e 752e for more.i\n-00004150: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n-00004160: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00004170: 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 Node: Reporting\n-00004180: 2062 7567 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4675 bugs, Next: Fu\n-00004190: 7475 7265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 6274 ture, Prev: Obt\n-000041a0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n-000041b0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ing GRUB, Up: T\n-000041c0: 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2042 2052 op..Appendix B R\n-000041d0: 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 730a 2a2a eporting bugs.**\n-000041e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 7365 2061 *******..These a\n-00004200: 7265 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 re the guideline\n-00004210: 2066 6f72 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 706f for how to repo\n-00004220: 7274 2062 7567 732e 2020 5461 6b65 2061 rt bugs. Take a\n-00004230: 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6869 730a 6c69 look at this.li\n-00004240: 7374 2062 656c 6f77 2062 6566 6f72 6520 st below before \n-00004250: 796f 7520 7375 626d 6974 2062 7567 733a you submit bugs:\n-00004260: 0a0a 2020 312e 2042 6566 6f72 6520 6765 .. 1. Before ge\n-00004270: 7474 696e 6720 756e 7365 7474 6c65 642c tting unsettled,\n-00004280: 2072 6561 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 read this manua\n-00004290: 6c20 7468 726f 7567 6820 616e 6420 7468 l through and th\n-000042a0: 726f 7567 682e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f rough.. Also\n-000042b0: 2c20 7365 6520 7468 6520 474e 5520 4752 , see the GNU GR\n-000042c0: 5542 2046 4151 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 UB FAQ. (htt\n-000042d0: 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f p://www.gnu.org/\n-000042e0: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 software/grub/gr\n-000042f0: 7562 2d66 6171 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a20 ub-faq.html)... \n-00004300: 2032 2e20 416c 7761 7973 206d 656e 7469 2. Always menti\n-00004310: 6f6e 2074 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 on the informati\n-00004320: 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2047 5255 422e on on your GRUB.\n-00004330: 2054 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d The version num\n-00004340: 6265 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 6865 ber and. the\n-00004350: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 configuration a\n-00004360: 7265 2071 7569 7465 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 re quite importa\n-00004370: 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6275 696c nt. If you buil\n-00004380: 6420 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662c 0a20 d it yourself,. \n-00004390: 2020 2020 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 6f70 write the op\n-000043a0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 tions specified \n-000043b0: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 to the configure\n-000043c0: 2073 6372 6970 7420 616e 6420 796f 7572 script and your\n-000043d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 . operating \n-000043e0: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e system, includin\n-000043f0: 6720 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e73 206f g the versions o\n-00004400: 6620 6763 6320 616e 6420 6269 6e75 7469 f gcc and binuti\n-00004410: 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 ls... 3. If you\n-00004420: 2068 6176 6520 7472 6f75 626c 6520 7769 have trouble wi\n-00004430: 7468 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 th the installat\n-00004440: 696f 6e2c 2069 6e66 6f72 6d20 7573 206f ion, inform us o\n-00004450: 6620 686f 7720 796f 750a 2020 2020 2069 f how you. i\n-00004460: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2047 5255 422e 2044 nstalled GRUB. D\n-00004470: 6f6e 2774 206f 6d69 7420 6572 726f 7220 on't omit error \n-00004480: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 6966 2061 6e79 messages, if any\n-00004490: 2e20 204a 7573 7420 e280 9847 5255 420a . Just ...GRUB.\n-000044a0: 2020 2020 2068 616e 6773 2075 7020 7768 hangs up wh\n-000044b0: 656e 2069 7420 626f 6f74 73e2 8099 2069 en it boots... i\n-000044c0: 7320 6e6f 7420 656e 6f75 6768 2e0a 0a20 s not enough... \n-000044d0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 The informat\n-000044e0: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 ion on your hard\n-000044f0: 7761 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 2065 7373 ware is also ess\n-00004500: 656e 7469 616c 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2061 ential. These a\n-00004510: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6573 7065 6369 616c re. especial\n-00004520: 6c79 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 3a20 7468 ly important: th\n-00004530: 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7269 6573 2061 6e64 e geometries and\n-00004540: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 the partition t\n-00004550: 6162 6c65 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 796f ables of. yo\n-00004560: 7572 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 ur hard disk dri\n-00004570: 7665 7320 616e 6420 796f 7572 2042 494f ves and your BIO\n-00004580: 532e 0a0a 2020 342e 2049 6620 4752 5542 S... 4. If GRUB\n-00004590: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 cannot boot you\n-000045a0: 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 r operating syst\n-000045b0: 656d 2c20 7772 6974 6520 646f 776e 205f em, write down _\n-000045c0: 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 5f0a 2020 2020 everything_. \n-000045d0: 2079 6f75 2073 6565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 you see on the \n-000045e0: 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2044 6f6e 2774 2070 screen. Don't p\n-000045f0: 6172 6170 6872 6173 6520 7468 656d 2c20 araphrase them, \n-00004600: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 5468 6520 666f 6f20 like ...The foo \n-00004610: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 OS. crashes \n-00004620: 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2065 7665 6e20 with GRUB, even \n-00004630: 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 6361 6e20 626f though it can bo\n-00004640: 6f74 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 7220 ot with the bar \n-00004650: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 2020 2020 boot loader. \n-00004660: 206a 7573 7420 6669 6e65 e280 992e 2020 just fine.... \n-00004670: 4d65 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d Mention the comm\n-00004680: 616e 6473 2079 6f75 2065 7865 6375 7465 ands you execute\n-00004690: 642c 2074 6865 206d 6573 7361 6765 730a d, the messages.\n-000046a0: 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7920 printed by \n-000046b0: 7468 656d 2c20 616e 6420 696e 666f 726d them, and inform\n-000046c0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 ation on your op\n-000046d0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2069 erating system i\n-000046e0: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ncluding. th\n-000046f0: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 e version number\n-00004700: 2e0a 0a20 2035 2e20 4578 706c 6169 6e20 ... 5. Explain \n-00004710: 7768 6174 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7465 6420 what you wanted \n-00004720: 746f 2064 6f2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7665 to do. It is ve\n-00004730: 7279 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 206b 6e6f ry useful to kno\n-00004740: 7720 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7075 7270 w your. purp\n-00004750: 6f73 6520 616e 6420 796f 7572 2077 6973 ose and your wis\n-00004760: 682c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 h, and how GRUB \n-00004770: 6469 646e 2774 2073 6174 6973 6679 2079 didn't satisfy y\n-00004780: 6f75 2e0a 0a20 2036 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 ou... 6. If you\n-00004790: 2063 616e 2069 6e76 6573 7469 6761 7465 can investigate\n-000047a0: 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 6f75 the problem you\n-000047b0: 7273 656c 662c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 646f rself, please do\n-000047c0: 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 . That will. \n-000047d0: 2020 6769 7665 2079 6f75 2061 6e64 2075 give you and u\n-000047e0: 7320 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f s much more info\n-000047f0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 rmation on the p\n-00004800: 726f 626c 656d 2e20 2041 7474 6163 6869 roblem. Attachi\n-00004810: 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 6820 ng a. patch \n-00004820: 6973 2065 7665 6e20 6265 7474 6572 2e0a is even better..\n-00004830: 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2079 6f75 2061 . When you a\n-00004840: 7474 6163 6820 6120 7061 7463 682c 206d ttach a patch, m\n-00004850: 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7463 6820 696e ake the patch in\n-00004860: 2075 6e69 6669 6564 2064 6966 6620 666f unified diff fo\n-00004870: 726d 6174 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2077 rmat, and. w\n-00004880: 7269 7465 2043 6861 6e67 654c 6f67 2065 rite ChangeLog e\n-00004890: 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2042 7574 2c20 6576 ntries. But, ev\n-000048a0: 656e 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6d61 6b65 en when you make\n-000048b0: 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 646f 6e27 740a a patch, don't.\n-000048c0: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6765 7420 746f 2065 forget to e\n-000048d0: 7870 6c61 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c xplain the probl\n-000048e0: 656d 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 em, so that we c\n-000048f0: 616e 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7768 an understand wh\n-00004900: 6174 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 6174 at your. pat\n-00004910: 6368 2069 7320 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 372e ch is for... 7.\n-00004920: 2057 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 616e 7974 Write down anyt\n-00004930: 6869 6e67 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 7468 hing that you th\n-00004940: 696e 6b20 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2072 656c ink might be rel\n-00004950: 6174 6564 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 650a 2020 ated. Please. \n-00004960: 2020 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7468 understand th\n-00004970: 6174 2077 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6e65 6564 at we often need\n-00004980: 2074 6f20 7265 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7468 to reproduce th\n-00004990: 6520 7361 6d65 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 e same problem y\n-000049a0: 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636f 756e 7465 ou. encounte\n-000049b0: 7265 6420 696e 206f 7572 2065 6e76 6972 red in our envir\n-000049c0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 2053 6f20 796f 7572 onment. So your\n-000049d0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2073 686f information sho\n-000049e0: 756c 6420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 uld be. suff\n-000049f0: 6963 6965 6e74 2066 6f72 2075 7320 746f icient for us to\n-00004a00: 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2074 6869 do the same thi\n-00004a10: 6e67 2d2d 446f 6e27 7420 666f 7267 6574 ng--Don't forget\n-00004a20: 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 616e 6e6f 740a that we cannot.\n-00004a30: 2020 2020 2073 6565 2079 6f75 7220 636f see your co\n-00004a40: 6d70 7574 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e mputer directly.\n-00004a50: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e 6f74 If you are not\n-00004a60: 2073 7572 6520 7768 6574 6865 7220 746f sure whether to\n-00004a70: 2073 7461 7465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6661 state a. fa\n-00004a80: 6374 206f 7220 6c65 6176 6520 6974 206f ct or leave it o\n-00004a90: 7574 2c20 7374 6174 6520 6974 2120 2052 ut, state it! R\n-00004aa0: 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2074 6f6f 206d 616e eporting too man\n-00004ab0: 7920 7468 696e 6773 2069 7320 6d75 6368 y things is much\n-00004ac0: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 7474 6572 2074 6861 . better tha\n-00004ad0: 6e20 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6574 n omitting somet\n-00004ae0: 6869 6e67 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2e0a hing important..\n-00004af0: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2066 6f6c 6c6f . If you follo\n-00004b00: 7720 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 w the guideline \n-00004b10: 6162 6f76 652c 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 above, submit a \n-00004b20: 7265 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4275 report to the Bu\n-00004b30: 670a 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 g.Tracking Syste\n-00004b40: 6d20 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7361 7661 6e6e m (http://savann\n-00004b50: 6168 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f62 7567 732f ah.gnu.org/bugs/\n-00004b60: 3f67 726f 7570 3d67 7275 6229 2e0a 416c ?group=grub)..Al\n-00004b70: 7465 726e 6174 6976 656c 792c 2079 6f75 ternatively, you\n-00004b80: 2063 616e 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 7265 can submit a re\n-00004b90: 706f 7274 2076 6961 2065 6c65 6374 726f port via electro\n-00004ba0: 6e69 6320 6d61 696c 2074 6f0a 3c62 7567 nic mail to., \n-00004bc0: 6275 7420 7765 2073 7472 6f6e 676c 7920 but we strongly \n-00004bd0: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 recommend that y\n-00004be0: 6f75 2075 7365 2074 6865 2042 7567 0a54 ou use the Bug.T\n-00004bf0: 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d 2c20 racking System, \n-00004c00: 6265 6361 7573 6520 652d 6d61 696c 2063 because e-mail c\n-00004c10: 616e 2062 6520 7061 7373 6564 206f 7665 an be passed ove\n-00004c20: 7220 6561 7369 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e r easily... On\n-00004c30: 6365 2077 6520 6765 7420 796f 7572 2072 ce we get your r\n-00004c40: 6570 6f72 742c 2077 6520 7769 6c6c 2074 eport, we will t\n-00004c50: 7279 2074 6f20 6669 7820 7468 6520 6275 ry to fix the bu\n-00004c60: 6773 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 gs.....File: gru\n-00004c70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 b.info, Node: F\n-00004c80: 7574 7572 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f uture, Next: Co\n-00004c90: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n-00004ca0: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5265 706f 7274 l, Prev: Report\n-00004cb0: 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ing bugs, Up: T\n-00004cc0: 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2043 2057 op..Appendix C W\n-00004cd0: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 here GRUB will g\n-00004ce0: 6f0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a o.**************\n-00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-00004d00: 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 206e 6f77 2071 .GRUB 2 is now q\n-00004d10: 7569 7465 2073 7461 626c 6520 616e 6420 uite stable and \n-00004d20: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 6d61 6e79 2070 726f used in many pro\n-00004d30: 6475 6374 696f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 732e duction systems.\n-00004d40: 2020 5765 2061 7265 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 We are.current\n-00004d50: 6c79 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 2074 6f77 6172 ly working towar\n-00004d60: 6473 2061 2032 2e30 2072 656c 6561 7365 ds a 2.0 release\n-00004d70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 ... If you are\n-00004d80: 2069 6e74 6572 6573 7465 6420 696e 2074 interested in t\n-00004d90: 6865 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 206f he development o\n-00004da0: 6620 4752 5542 2032 2c20 7461 6b65 2061 f GRUB 2, take a\n-00004db0: 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 0a74 6865 2068 6f6d look at.the hom\n-00004dc0: 6570 6167 6520 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 epage (http://ww\n-00004dd0: 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 736f 6674 7761 w.gnu.org/softwa\n-00004de0: 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e68 746d re/grub/grub.htm\n-00004df0: 6c29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 l).....File: gru\n-00004e00: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 b.info, Node: C\n-00004e10: 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 opying This Manu\n-00004e20: 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e64 6578 al, Next: Index\n-00004e30: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 7574 7572 652c , Prev: Future,\n-00004e40: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e Up: Top..Appen\n-00004e50: 6469 7820 4420 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 dix D Copying Th\n-00004e60: 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a is Manual.******\n+00003d40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a43 *******.. *C\n+00003d50: 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2047 5255 4220 7265 aution:* GRUB re\n+00003d60: 7175 6972 6573 2062 696e 7574 696c 732d quires binutils-\n+00003d70: 322e 392e 312e 302e 3233 206f 7220 6c61 2.9.1.0.23 or la\n+00003d80: 7465 7220 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a ter because the.\n+00003d90: 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2061 7373 656d 626c GNU assembl\n+00003da0: 6572 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6368 616e er has been chan\n+00003db0: 6765 6420 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 ged so that it c\n+00003dc0: 616e 2070 726f 6475 6365 2072 6561 6c20 an produce real \n+00003dd0: 3136 6269 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 16bits. mach\n+00003de0: 696e 6520 636f 6465 2062 6574 7765 656e ine code between\n+00003df0: 2032 2e39 2e31 2061 6e64 2032 2e39 2e31 2.9.1 and 2.9.1\n+00003e00: 2e30 2e78 2e20 2053 6565 0a20 2020 2020 .0.x. See. \n+00003e10: 3c68 7474 703a 2f2f 736f 7572 6365 732e , to obtain\n+00003e40: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 information on \n+00003e50: 686f 770a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6765 7420 how. to get \n+00003e60: 7468 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 the latest versi\n+00003e70: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 on... GRUB is \n+00003e80: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 available from t\n+00003e90: 6865 2047 4e55 2061 6c70 6861 2061 7263 he GNU alpha arc\n+00003ea0: 6869 7665 2073 6974 650a 3c66 7470 3a2f hive site. or any of\n+00003ed0: 2069 7473 206d 6972 726f 7273 2e20 2054 its mirrors. T\n+00003ee0: 6865 2066 696c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a he file will be.\n+00003ef0: 6e61 6d65 6420 6772 7562 2d76 6572 7369 named grub-versi\n+00003f00: 6f6e 2e74 6172 2e67 7a2e 2020 5468 6520 on.tar.gz. The \n+00003f10: 6375 7272 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 current version \n+00003f20: 6973 2032 2e31 322c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 is 2.12, so the \n+00003f30: 6669 6c65 2079 6f75 0a73 686f 756c 6420 file you.should \n+00003f40: 6772 6162 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 203c 6674 grab is:.. .. T\n+00003f80: 6f20 756e 6275 6e64 6c65 2047 5255 4220 o unbundle GRUB \n+00003f90: 7573 6520 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 use the instruct\n+00003fa0: 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 207a 6361 7420 ion:.. zcat \n+00003fb0: 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 322e 7461 722e 677a grub-2.12.tar.gz\n+00003fc0: 207c 2074 6172 2078 7666 202d 0a0a 2020 | tar xvf -.. \n+00003fd0: 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 which will crea\n+00003fe0: 7465 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 te a directory c\n+00003ff0: 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d 322e alled ...grub-2.\n+00004000: 3132 e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 6c6c 2074 12... with all t\n+00004010: 6865 0a73 6f75 7263 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 he.sources. You\n+00004020: 2063 616e 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6865 can look at the\n+00004030: 2066 696c 6520 e280 9849 4e53 5441 4c4c file ...INSTALL\n+00004040: e280 9920 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 6564 ... for detailed\n+00004050: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e instructions.on\n+00004060: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6275 696c 6420 616e how to build an\n+00004070: 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 d install GRUB, \n+00004080: 6275 7420 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 but you should b\n+00004090: 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2064 e able to just d\n+000040a0: 6f3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2063 6420 6772 7562 o:.. cd grub\n+000040b0: 2d32 2e31 320a 2020 2020 202e 2f63 6f6e -2.12. ./con\n+000040c0: 6669 6775 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 figure. make\n+000040d0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 2041 6c73 install.. Als\n+000040e0: 6f2c 2074 6865 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 o, the latest ve\n+000040f0: 7273 696f 6e20 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 rsion is availab\n+00004100: 6c65 2075 7369 6e67 2047 6974 2e20 2053 le using Git. S\n+00004110: 6565 0a3c 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 ee. for mor\n+00004150: 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e.information...\n+00004160: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00004170: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5265 706f 7274 o, Node: Report\n+00004180: 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 204e 6578 743a ing bugs, Next:\n+00004190: 2046 7574 7572 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 Future, Prev: \n+000041a0: 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 Obtaining and Bu\n+000041b0: 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 ilding GRUB, Up\n+000041c0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 : Top..Appendix \n+000041d0: 4220 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 B Reporting bugs\n+000041e0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6573 **********..Thes\n+00004200: 6520 6172 6520 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c e are the guidel\n+00004210: 696e 6520 666f 7220 686f 7720 746f 2072 ine for how to r\n+00004220: 6570 6f72 7420 6275 6773 2e20 2054 616b eport bugs. Tak\n+00004230: 6520 6120 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6973 e a look at this\n+00004240: 0a6c 6973 7420 6265 6c6f 7720 6265 666f .list below befo\n+00004250: 7265 2079 6f75 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6275 re you submit bu\n+00004260: 6773 3a0a 0a20 2031 2e20 4265 666f 7265 gs:.. 1. Before\n+00004270: 2067 6574 7469 6e67 2075 6e73 6574 746c getting unsettl\n+00004280: 6564 2c20 7265 6164 2074 6869 7320 6d61 ed, read this ma\n+00004290: 6e75 616c 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 6e64 nual through and\n+000042a0: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 through.. A\n+000042b0: 6c73 6f2c 2073 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 lso, see the GNU\n+000042c0: 2047 5255 4220 4641 510a 2020 2020 2028 GRUB FAQ. (\n+000042d0: 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f http://www.gnu.o\n+000042e0: 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 652f 6772 7562 rg/software/grub\n+000042f0: 2f67 7275 622d 6661 712e 6874 6d6c 292e /grub-faq.html).\n+00004300: 0a0a 2020 322e 2041 6c77 6179 7320 6d65 .. 2. Always me\n+00004310: 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 6520 696e 666f 726d ntion the inform\n+00004320: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 4752 ation on your GR\n+00004330: 5542 2e20 5468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 UB. The version \n+00004340: 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 number and. \n+00004350: 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f the configuratio\n+00004360: 6e20 6172 6520 7175 6974 6520 696d 706f n are quite impo\n+00004370: 7274 616e 742e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 rtant. If you b\n+00004380: 7569 6c64 2069 7420 796f 7572 7365 6c66 uild it yourself\n+00004390: 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 7269 7465 2074 6865 ,. write the\n+000043a0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2073 7065 6369 6669 options specifi\n+000043b0: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 ed to the config\n+000043c0: 7572 6520 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2079 ure script and y\n+000043d0: 6f75 720a 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 our. operati\n+000043e0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2069 6e63 6c75 ng system, inclu\n+000043f0: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e ding the version\n+00004400: 7320 6f66 2067 6363 2061 6e64 2062 696e s of gcc and bin\n+00004410: 7574 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 utils... 3. If \n+00004420: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 726f 7562 6c65 you have trouble\n+00004430: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 696e 7374 616c with the instal\n+00004440: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 666f 726d 2075 lation, inform u\n+00004450: 7320 6f66 2068 6f77 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 s of how you. \n+00004460: 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 4752 5542 installed GRUB\n+00004470: 2e20 446f 6e27 7420 6f6d 6974 2065 7272 . Don't omit err\n+00004480: 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 732c 2069 6620 or messages, if \n+00004490: 616e 792e 2020 4a75 7374 20e2 8098 4752 any. Just ...GR\n+000044a0: 5542 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 7320 7570 UB. hangs up\n+000044b0: 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2062 6f6f 7473 e280 when it boots..\n+000044c0: 9920 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e6f 7567 682e . is not enough.\n+000044d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 .. The infor\n+000044e0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2068 mation on your h\n+000044f0: 6172 6477 6172 6520 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 ardware is also \n+00004500: 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 5468 6573 essential. Thes\n+00004510: 6520 6172 650a 2020 2020 2065 7370 6563 e are. espec\n+00004520: 6961 6c6c 7920 696d 706f 7274 616e 743a ially important:\n+00004530: 2074 6865 2067 656f 6d65 7472 6965 7320 the geometries \n+00004540: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f and the partitio\n+00004550: 6e20 7461 626c 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 n tables of. \n+00004560: 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 your hard disk \n+00004570: 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 drives and your \n+00004580: 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2034 2e20 4966 2047 BIOS... 4. If G\n+00004590: 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 RUB cannot boot \n+000045a0: 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 your operating s\n+000045b0: 7973 7465 6d2c 2077 7269 7465 2064 6f77 ystem, write dow\n+000045c0: 6e20 5f65 7665 7279 7468 696e 675f 0a20 n _everything_. \n+000045d0: 2020 2020 796f 7520 7365 6520 6f6e 2074 you see on t\n+000045e0: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 446f 6e27 he screen. Don'\n+000045f0: 7420 7061 7261 7068 7261 7365 2074 6865 t paraphrase the\n+00004600: 6d2c 206c 696b 6520 e280 9854 6865 2066 m, like ...The f\n+00004610: 6f6f 204f 530a 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 oo OS. crash\n+00004620: 6573 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 6576 es with GRUB, ev\n+00004630: 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 6974 2063 616e en though it can\n+00004640: 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 boot with the b\n+00004650: 6172 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a20 ar boot loader. \n+00004660: 2020 2020 6a75 7374 2066 696e 65e2 8099 just fine...\n+00004670: 2e20 204d 656e 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 . Mention the c\n+00004680: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 796f 7520 6578 6563 ommands you exec\n+00004690: 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 7373 6167 uted, the messag\n+000046a0: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 es. printed \n+000046b0: 6279 2074 6865 6d2c 2061 6e64 2069 6e66 by them, and inf\n+000046c0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 ormation on your\n+000046d0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+000046e0: 6d20 696e 636c 7564 696e 670a 2020 2020 m including. \n+000046f0: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d the version num\n+00004700: 6265 722e 0a0a 2020 352e 2045 7870 6c61 ber... 5. Expla\n+00004710: 696e 2077 6861 7420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 in what you want\n+00004720: 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2e20 2049 7420 6973 ed to do. It is\n+00004730: 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 very useful to \n+00004740: 6b6e 6f77 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 know your. p\n+00004750: 7572 706f 7365 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 urpose and your \n+00004760: 7769 7368 2c20 616e 6420 686f 7720 4752 wish, and how GR\n+00004770: 5542 2064 6964 6e27 7420 7361 7469 7366 UB didn't satisf\n+00004780: 7920 796f 752e 0a0a 2020 362e 2049 6620 y you... 6. If \n+00004790: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 696e 7665 7374 6967 you can investig\n+000047a0: 6174 6520 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 ate the problem \n+000047b0: 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2c20 706c 6561 7365 yourself, please\n+000047c0: 2064 6f2e 2020 5468 6174 2077 696c 6c0a do. That will.\n+000047d0: 2020 2020 2067 6976 6520 796f 7520 616e give you an\n+000047e0: 6420 7573 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 2069 d us much more i\n+000047f0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 nformation on th\n+00004800: 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2e 2020 4174 7461 e problem. Atta\n+00004810: 6368 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2070 6174 ching a. pat\n+00004820: 6368 2069 7320 6576 656e 2062 6574 7465 ch is even bette\n+00004830: 722e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 796f r... When yo\n+00004840: 7520 6174 7461 6368 2061 2070 6174 6368 u attach a patch\n+00004850: 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6174 6368 , make the patch\n+00004860: 2069 6e20 756e 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 in unified diff\n+00004870: 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 format, and. \n+00004880: 2020 7772 6974 6520 4368 616e 6765 4c6f write ChangeLo\n+00004890: 6720 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 4275 742c g entries. But,\n+000048a0: 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206d even when you m\n+000048b0: 616b 6520 6120 7061 7463 682c 2064 6f6e ake a patch, don\n+000048c0: 2774 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7267 6574 2074 't. forget t\n+000048d0: 6f20 6578 706c 6169 6e20 7468 6520 7072 o explain the pr\n+000048e0: 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2077 oblem, so that w\n+000048f0: 6520 6361 6e20 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 e can understand\n+00004900: 2077 6861 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 what your. \n+00004910: 7061 7463 6820 6973 2066 6f72 2e0a 0a20 patch is for... \n+00004920: 2037 2e20 5772 6974 6520 646f 776e 2061 7. Write down a\n+00004930: 6e79 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 nything that you\n+00004940: 2074 6869 6e6b 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 think might be \n+00004950: 7265 6c61 7465 642e 2020 506c 6561 7365 related. Please\n+00004960: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 . understand\n+00004970: 2074 6861 7420 7765 206f 6674 656e 206e that we often n\n+00004980: 6565 6420 746f 2072 6570 726f 6475 6365 eed to reproduce\n+00004990: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 the same proble\n+000049a0: 6d20 796f 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 6f75 m you. encou\n+000049b0: 6e74 6572 6564 2069 6e20 6f75 7220 656e ntered in our en\n+000049c0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 536f 2079 vironment. So y\n+000049d0: 6f75 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 our information \n+000049e0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 should be. s\n+000049f0: 7566 6669 6369 656e 7420 666f 7220 7573 ufficient for us\n+00004a00: 2074 6f20 646f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 to do the same \n+00004a10: 7468 696e 672d 2d44 6f6e 2774 2066 6f72 thing--Don't for\n+00004a20: 6765 7420 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e6e get that we cann\n+00004a30: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6520 796f 7572 ot. see your\n+00004a40: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6469 7265 6374 computer direct\n+00004a50: 6c79 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 ly. If you are \n+00004a60: 6e6f 7420 7375 7265 2077 6865 7468 6572 not sure whether\n+00004a70: 2074 6f20 7374 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 to state a. \n+00004a80: 2066 6163 7420 6f72 206c 6561 7665 2069 fact or leave i\n+00004a90: 7420 6f75 742c 2073 7461 7465 2069 7421 t out, state it!\n+00004aa0: 2020 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 6f20 Reporting too \n+00004ab0: 6d61 6e79 2074 6869 6e67 7320 6973 206d many things is m\n+00004ac0: 7563 680a 2020 2020 2062 6574 7465 7220 uch. better \n+00004ad0: 7468 616e 206f 6d69 7474 696e 6720 736f than omitting so\n+00004ae0: 6d65 7468 696e 6720 696d 706f 7274 616e mething importan\n+00004af0: 742e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 666f t... If you fo\n+00004b00: 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 llow the guideli\n+00004b10: 6e65 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7375 626d 6974 ne above, submit\n+00004b20: 2061 2072 6570 6f72 7420 746f 2074 6865 a report to the\n+00004b30: 2042 7567 0a54 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 Bug.Tracking Sy\n+00004b40: 7374 656d 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6176 stem (http://sav\n+00004b50: 616e 6e61 682e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 6275 annah.gnu.org/bu\n+00004b60: 6773 2f3f 6772 6f75 703d 6772 7562 292e gs/?group=grub).\n+00004b70: 0a41 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 .Alternatively, \n+00004b80: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2061 you can submit a\n+00004b90: 2072 6570 6f72 7420 7669 6120 656c 6563 report via elec\n+00004ba0: 7472 6f6e 6963 206d 6169 6c20 746f 0a3c tronic mail to.<\n+00004bb0: 6275 672d 6772 7562 4067 6e75 2e6f 7267 bug-grub@gnu.org\n+00004bc0: 3e2c 2062 7574 2077 6520 7374 726f 6e67 >, but we strong\n+00004bd0: 6c79 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6861 ly recommend tha\n+00004be0: 7420 796f 7520 7573 6520 7468 6520 4275 t you use the Bu\n+00004bf0: 670a 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 g.Tracking Syste\n+00004c00: 6d2c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2065 2d6d 6169 m, because e-mai\n+00004c10: 6c20 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6173 7365 6420 l can be passed \n+00004c20: 6f76 6572 2065 6173 696c 792e 0a0a 2020 over easily... \n+00004c30: 204f 6e63 6520 7765 2067 6574 2079 6f75 Once we get you\n+00004c40: 7220 7265 706f 7274 2c20 7765 2077 696c r report, we wil\n+00004c50: 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2066 6978 2074 6865 l try to fix the\n+00004c60: 2062 7567 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 bugs.....File: \n+00004c70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00004c80: 3a20 4675 7475 7265 2c20 204e 6578 743a : Future, Next:\n+00004c90: 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 Copying This Ma\n+00004ca0: 6e75 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2052 6570 nual, Prev: Rep\n+00004cb0: 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5570 orting bugs, Up\n+00004cc0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 : Top..Appendix \n+00004cd0: 4320 5768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c C Where GRUB wil\n+00004ce0: 6c20 676f 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a l go.***********\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00004d00: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2032 2069 7320 6e6f **..GRUB 2 is no\n+00004d10: 7720 7175 6974 6520 7374 6162 6c65 2061 w quite stable a\n+00004d20: 6e64 2075 7365 6420 696e 206d 616e 7920 nd used in many \n+00004d30: 7072 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 production syste\n+00004d40: 6d73 2e20 2057 6520 6172 650a 6375 7272 ms. We are.curr\n+00004d50: 656e 746c 7920 776f 726b 696e 6720 746f ently working to\n+00004d60: 7761 7264 7320 6120 322e 3020 7265 6c65 wards a 2.0 rele\n+00004d70: 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 ase... If you \n+00004d80: 6172 6520 696e 7465 7265 7374 6564 2069 are interested i\n+00004d90: 6e20 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e n the developmen\n+00004da0: 7420 6f66 2047 5255 4220 322c 2074 616b t of GRUB 2, tak\n+00004db0: 6520 6120 6c6f 6f6b 2061 740a 7468 6520 e a look at.the \n+00004dc0: 686f 6d65 7061 6765 2028 6874 7470 3a2f homepage (http:/\n+00004dd0: 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 /www.gnu.org/sof\n+00004de0: 7477 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e tware/grub/grub.\n+00004df0: 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 html).....File: \n+00004e00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00004e10: 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d : Copying This M\n+00004e20: 616e 7561 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e anual, Next: In\n+00004e30: 6465 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4675 7475 dex, Prev: Futu\n+00004e40: 7265 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 re, Up: Top..Ap\n+00004e50: 7065 6e64 6978 2044 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 pendix D Copying\n+00004e60: 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a2a 2a2a This Manual.***\n 00004e70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 ********..* Menu\n-00004e90: 3a0a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f :..* GNU Free Do\n-00004ea0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 cumentation Lice\n-00004eb0: 6e73 653a 3a20 204c 6963 656e 7365 2066 nse:: License f\n-00004ec0: 6f72 2063 6f70 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7320 or copying this \n-00004ed0: 6d61 6e75 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a manual.....File:\n-00004ee0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00004ef0: 653a 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 e: GNU Free Docu\n-00004f00: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n-00004f10: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 e, Up: Copying \n-00004f20: 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 0a44 2e31 This Manual..D.1\n-00004f30: 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 GNU Free Docume\n-00004f40: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 650a ntation License.\n-00004f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d ***********..* M\n+00004e90: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 enu:..* GNU Free\n+00004ea0: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c Documentation L\n+00004eb0: 6963 656e 7365 3a3a 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 icense:: Licens\n+00004ec0: 6520 666f 7220 636f 7079 696e 6720 7468 e for copying th\n+00004ed0: 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 is manual.....Fi\n+00004ee0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00004ef0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 Node: GNU Free D\n+00004f00: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n+00004f10: 656e 7365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f70 7969 ense, Up: Copyi\n+00004f20: 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a0a ng This Manual..\n+00004f30: 442e 3120 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 D.1 GNU Free Doc\n+00004f40: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n+00004f50: 7365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d se.=============\n 00004f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004f70: 3d3d 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ==.. \n-00004f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f Versio\n-00004f90: 6e20 312e 322c 204e 6f76 656d 6265 7220 n 1.2, November \n-00004fa0: 3230 3032 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6f70 7972 2002.. 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Everyo\n-00005030: 6e65 2069 7320 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 ne is permitted \n-00005040: 746f 2063 6f70 7920 616e 6420 6469 7374 to copy and dist\n-00005050: 7269 6275 7465 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 ribute verbatim \n-00005060: 636f 7069 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 copies. of t\n-00005070: 6869 7320 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 646f 6375 his license docu\n-00005080: 6d65 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6368 616e 6769 ment, but changi\n-00005090: 6e67 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c ng it is not all\n-000050a0: 6f77 6564 2e0a 0a20 2030 2e20 5052 4541 owed... 0. PREA\n-000050b0: 4d42 4c45 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 MBLE.. The p\n-000050c0: 7572 706f 7365 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c urpose of this L\n-000050d0: 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 746f 206d 616b icense is to mak\n-000050e0: 6520 6120 6d61 6e75 616c 2c20 7465 7874 e a manual, text\n-000050f0: 626f 6f6b 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 0a20 book, or other. \n-00005100: 2020 2020 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 functional a\n-00005110: 6e64 2075 7365 6675 6c20 646f 6375 6d65 nd useful docume\n-00005120: 6e74 20e2 809c 6672 6565 e280 9d20 696e nt ...free... in\n-00005130: 2074 6865 2073 656e 7365 206f 6620 6672 the sense of fr\n-00005140: 6565 646f 6d3a 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 eedom: to. a\n-00005150: 7373 7572 6520 6576 6572 796f 6e65 2074 ssure everyone t\n-00005160: 6865 2065 6666 6563 7469 7665 2066 7265 he effective fre\n-00005170: 6564 6f6d 2074 6f20 636f 7079 2061 6e64 edom to copy and\n-00005180: 2072 6564 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 6974 redistribute it\n-00005190: 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 6f72 2077 ,. with or w\n-000051a0: 6974 686f 7574 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 ithout modifying\n-000051b0: 2069 742c 2065 6974 6865 7220 636f 6d6d it, either comm\n-000051c0: 6572 6369 616c 6c79 206f 720a 2020 2020 ercially or. \n-000051d0: 206e 6f6e 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 6c79 noncommercially\n-000051e0: 2e20 2053 6563 6f6e 6461 7269 6c79 2c20 . Secondarily, \n-000051f0: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7265 this License pre\n-00005200: 7365 7276 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 serves for the. \n-00005210: 2020 2020 6175 7468 6f72 2061 6e64 2070 author and p\n-00005220: 7562 6c69 7368 6572 2061 2077 6179 2074 ublisher a way t\n-00005230: 6f20 6765 7420 6372 6564 6974 2066 6f72 o get credit for\n-00005240: 2074 6865 6972 2077 6f72 6b2c 2077 6869 their work, whi\n-00005250: 6c65 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e le not. bein\n-00005260: 6720 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2072 6573 g considered res\n-00005270: 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 6f64 ponsible for mod\n-00005280: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 206d 6164 6520 ifications made \n-00005290: 6279 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 by others... \n-000052a0: 2054 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 This License is\n-000052b0: 2061 206b 696e 6420 6f66 2022 636f 7079 a kind of \"copy\n-000052c0: 6c65 6674 222c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6561 left\", which mea\n-000052d0: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6465 7269 7661 7469 ns that derivati\n-000052e0: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 6f66 ve. works of\n-000052f0: 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d75 the document mu\n-00005300: 7374 2074 6865 6d73 656c 7665 7320 6265 st themselves be\n-00005310: 2066 7265 6520 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d free in the sam\n-00005320: 6520 7365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 e sense.. It\n-00005330: 2063 6f6d 706c 656d 656e 7473 2074 6865 complements the\n-00005340: 2047 4e55 2047 656e 6572 616c 2050 7562 GNU General Pub\n-00005350: 6c69 6320 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2077 6869 lic License, whi\n-00005360: 6368 2069 7320 6120 636f 7079 6c65 6674 ch is a copyleft\n-00005370: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6465 . license de\n-00005380: 7369 676e 6564 2066 6f72 2066 7265 6520 signed for free \n-00005390: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 software... \n-000053a0: 5765 2068 6176 6520 6465 7369 676e 6564 We have designed\n-000053b0: 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 696e this License in\n-000053c0: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6974 order to use it\n-000053d0: 2066 6f72 206d 616e 7561 6c73 2066 6f72 for manuals for\n-000053e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6565 2073 6f66 7477 . free softw\n-000053f0: 6172 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2066 7265 are, because fre\n-00005400: 6520 736f 6674 7761 7265 206e 6565 6473 e software needs\n-00005410: 2066 7265 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 free documentat\n-00005420: 696f 6e3a 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6565 ion: a. free\n-00005430: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2073 686f 756c 6420 program should \n-00005440: 636f 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6d61 6e75 616c come with manual\n-00005450: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 696e 6720 7468 6520 s providing the \n-00005460: 7361 6d65 2066 7265 6564 6f6d 730a 2020 same freedoms. \n-00005470: 2020 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 736f 6674 that the soft\n-00005480: 7761 7265 2064 6f65 732e 2020 4275 7420 ware does. But \n-00005490: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 this License is \n-000054a0: 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 not limited to. \n-000054b0: 2020 2020 736f 6674 7761 7265 206d 616e software man\n-000054c0: 7561 6c73 3b20 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 uals; it can be \n-000054d0: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 6e79 2074 6578 used for any tex\n-000054e0: 7475 616c 2077 6f72 6b2c 2072 6567 6172 tual work, regar\n-000054f0: 646c 6573 730a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7375 dless. of su\n-00005500: 626a 6563 7420 6d61 7474 6572 206f 7220 bject matter or \n-00005510: 7768 6574 6865 7220 6974 2069 7320 7075 whether it is pu\n-00005520: 626c 6973 6865 6420 6173 2061 2070 7269 blished as a pri\n-00005530: 6e74 6564 2062 6f6f 6b2e 2020 5765 0a20 nted book. We. \n-00005540: 2020 2020 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 recommend th\n-00005550: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7269 6e63 is License princ\n-00005560: 6970 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2077 6f72 6b73 ipally for works\n-00005570: 2077 686f 7365 2070 7572 706f 7365 2069 whose purpose i\n-00005580: 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 s. instructi\n-00005590: 6f6e 206f 7220 7265 6665 7265 6e63 652e on or reference.\n-000055a0: 0a0a 2020 312e 2041 5050 4c49 4341 4249 .. 1. APPLICABI\n-000055b0: 4c49 5459 2041 4e44 2044 4546 494e 4954 LITY AND DEFINIT\n-000055c0: 494f 4e53 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 IONS.. This \n-000055d0: 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6170 706c 6965 7320 License applies \n-000055e0: 746f 2061 6e79 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f72 to any manual or\n-000055f0: 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6b2c 2069 6e20 other work, in \n-00005600: 616e 7920 6d65 6469 756d 2c0a 2020 2020 any medium,. \n-00005610: 2074 6861 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 that contains a\n-00005620: 206e 6f74 6963 6520 706c 6163 6564 2062 notice placed b\n-00005630: 7920 7468 6520 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 y the copyright \n-00005640: 686f 6c64 6572 2073 6179 696e 6720 6974 holder saying it\n-00005650: 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2064 6973 can. be dis\n-00005660: 7472 6962 7574 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 tributed under t\n-00005670: 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 6973 he terms of this\n-00005680: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e20 2053 7563 6820 License. Such \n-00005690: 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6772 a notice. gr\n-000056a0: 616e 7473 2061 2077 6f72 6c64 2d77 6964 ants a world-wid\n-000056b0: 652c 2072 6f79 616c 7479 2d66 7265 6520 e, royalty-free \n-000056c0: 6c69 6365 6e73 652c 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 license, unlimit\n-000056d0: 6564 2069 6e20 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 2c0a ed in duration,.\n-000056e0: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6174 to use that\n-000056f0: 2077 6f72 6b20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 work under the \n-00005700: 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2073 7461 7465 conditions state\n-00005710: 6420 6865 7265 696e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 d herein. The. \n-00005720: 2020 2020 2244 6f63 756d 656e 7422 2c20 \"Document\", \n-00005730: 6265 6c6f 772c 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f below, refers to\n-00005740: 2061 6e79 2073 7563 6820 6d61 6e75 616c any such manual\n-00005750: 206f 7220 776f 726b 2e20 2041 6e79 206d or work. 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A \"Modi\n-00005830: 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 6f66 fied Version\" of\n-00005840: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d65 the Document me\n-00005850: 616e 7320 616e 7920 776f 726b 2063 6f6e ans any work con\n-00005860: 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 taining the. \n-00005870: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6f72 2061 2070 Document or a p\n-00005880: 6f72 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6974 2c20 6569 ortion of it, ei\n-00005890: 7468 6572 2063 6f70 6965 6420 7665 7262 ther copied verb\n-000058a0: 6174 696d 2c20 6f72 2077 6974 680a 2020 atim, or with. \n-000058b0: 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 modifications\n-000058c0: 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 7472 616e 736c 6174 and/or translat\n-000058d0: 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 ed into another \n-000058e0: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 language... \n-000058f0: 4120 2253 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 A \"Secondary Sec\n-00005900: 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2061 206e 616d 6564 tion\" is a named\n-00005910: 2061 7070 656e 6469 7820 6f72 2061 2066 appendix or a f\n-00005920: 726f 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 7220 7365 6374 ront-matter sect\n-00005930: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 ion. of the \n-00005940: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6465 Document that de\n-00005950: 616c 7320 6578 636c 7573 6976 656c 7920 als exclusively \n-00005960: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 656c 6174 696f with the relatio\n-00005970: 6e73 6869 7020 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 nship of the. \n-00005980: 2020 7075 626c 6973 6865 7273 206f 7220 publishers or \n-00005990: 6175 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 authors of the D\n-000059a0: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2044 ocument to the D\n-000059b0: 6f63 756d 656e 7427 7320 6f76 6572 616c ocument's overal\n-000059c0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7562 6a65 6374 2028 l. subject (\n-000059d0: 6f72 2074 6f20 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 or to related ma\n-000059e0: 7474 6572 7329 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7461 tters) and conta\n-000059f0: 696e 7320 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 ins nothing that\n-00005a00: 2063 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6c6c could. fall\n-00005a10: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 7769 7468 696e directly within\n-00005a20: 2074 6861 7420 6f76 6572 616c 6c20 7375 that overall su\n-00005a30: 626a 6563 742e 2020 2854 6875 732c 2069 bject. 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For\n-00006570: 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 696e 2066 . works in f\n-00006580: 6f72 6d61 7473 2077 6869 6368 2064 6f20 ormats which do \n-00006590: 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2061 6e79 2074 6974 not have any tit\n-000065a0: 6c65 2070 6167 6520 6173 2073 7563 682c le page as such,\n-000065b0: 2022 5469 746c 650a 2020 2020 2050 6167 \"Title. Pag\n-000065c0: 6522 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2074 6578 e\" means the tex\n-000065d0: 7420 6e65 6172 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 t near the most \n-000065e0: 7072 6f6d 696e 656e 7420 6170 7065 6172 prominent appear\n-000065f0: 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 ance of the. \n-00006600: 2077 6f72 6b27 7320 7469 746c 652c 2070 work's title, p\n-00006610: 7265 6365 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6567 receding the beg\n-00006620: 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f inning of the bo\n-00006630: 6479 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 2e0a dy of the text..\n-00006640: 0a20 2020 2020 4120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 . A section \n-00006650: 2245 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 5859 5a22 206d \"Entitled XYZ\" m\n-00006660: 6561 6e73 2061 206e 616d 6564 2073 7562 eans a named sub\n-00006670: 756e 6974 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 unit of the Docu\n-00006680: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f73 6520 ment. whose \n-00006690: 7469 746c 6520 6569 7468 6572 2069 7320 title either is \n-000066a0: 7072 6563 6973 656c 7920 5859 5a20 6f72 precisely XYZ or\n-000066b0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 5859 5a20 696e contains XYZ in\n-000066c0: 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 0a20 2020 parentheses. \n-000066d0: 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7465 7874 following text\n-000066e0: 2074 6861 7420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6573 that translates\n-000066f0: 2058 595a 2069 6e20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 XYZ in another \n-00006700: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e20 2028 4865 7265 language. 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M. \n-00008340: 4465 6c65 7465 2061 6e79 2073 6563 7469 Delete any secti\n-00008350: 6f6e 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 2245 6e64 on Entitled \"End\n-00008360: 6f72 7365 6d65 6e74 7322 2e20 2053 7563 orsements\". Suc\n-00008370: 6820 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 h a section. \n-00008380: 2020 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 may not be\n-00008390: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 included in the\n-000083a0: 204d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f Modified Versio\n-000083b0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 204e 2e20 446f n... N. 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Otherwi\n-000096a0: 7365 2074 6865 7920 6d75 7374 2061 7070 se they must app\n-000096b0: 6561 7220 6f6e 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2063 ear on printed c\n-000096c0: 6f76 6572 7320 7468 6174 2062 7261 636b overs that brack\n-000096d0: 6574 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7768 6f6c et. the whol\n-000096e0: 6520 6167 6772 6567 6174 652e 0a0a 2020 e aggregate... \n-000096f0: 382e 2054 5241 4e53 4c41 5449 4f4e 0a0a 8. TRANSLATION..\n-00009700: 2020 2020 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e Translation\n-00009710: 2069 7320 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2061 is considered a\n-00009720: 206b 696e 6420 6f66 206d 6f64 6966 6963 kind of modific\n-00009730: 6174 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d61 ation, so you ma\n-00009740: 790a 2020 2020 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 y. distribut\n-00009750: 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e73 206f e translations o\n-00009760: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 f the Document u\n-00009770: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n-00009780: 6620 7365 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2034 f section. 4\n-00009790: 2e20 2052 6570 6c61 6369 6e67 2049 6e76 . Replacing Inv\n-000097a0: 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 ariant Sections \n-000097b0: 7769 7468 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e with translation\n-000097c0: 7320 7265 7175 6972 6573 2073 7065 6369 s requires speci\n-000097d0: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7065 726d 6973 7369 al. permissi\n-000097e0: 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6569 7220 636f on from their co\n-000097f0: 7079 7269 6768 7420 686f 6c64 6572 732c pyright holders,\n-00009800: 2062 7574 2079 6f75 206d 6179 2069 6e63 but you may inc\n-00009810: 6c75 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c lude. transl\n-00009820: 6174 696f 6e73 206f 6620 736f 6d65 206f ations of some o\n-00009830: 7220 616c 6c20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 r all Invariant \n-00009840: 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 6164 6469 Sections in addi\n-00009850: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 tion to the. \n-00009860: 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 7665 7273 696f original versio\n-00009870: 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 496e 7661 ns of these Inva\n-00009880: 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 riant Sections. \n-00009890: 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 You may include\n-000098a0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 a. translat\n-000098b0: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 ion of this Lice\n-000098c0: 6e73 652c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 nse, and all the\n-000098d0: 206c 6963 656e 7365 206e 6f74 6963 6573 license notices\n-000098e0: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f63 in the. Doc\n-000098f0: 756d 656e 742c 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 2057 ument, and any W\n-00009900: 6172 7261 6e74 7920 4469 7363 6c61 696d arranty Disclaim\n-00009910: 6572 732c 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 7468 ers, provided th\n-00009920: 6174 2079 6f75 2061 6c73 6f0a 2020 2020 at you also. \n-00009930: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2074 6865 206f 7269 include the ori\n-00009940: 6769 6e61 6c20 456e 676c 6973 6820 7665 ginal English ve\n-00009950: 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 rsion of this Li\n-00009960: 6365 6e73 6520 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 cense and the. \n-00009970: 2020 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 7665 7273 original vers\n-00009980: 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6f73 6520 6e6f ions of those no\n-00009990: 7469 6365 7320 616e 6420 6469 7363 6c61 tices and discla\n-000099a0: 696d 6572 732e 2020 496e 2063 6173 6520 imers. In case \n-000099b0: 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 6772 of a. disagr\n-000099c0: 6565 6d65 6e74 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 eement between t\n-000099d0: 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2061 he translation a\n-000099e0: 6e64 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 nd the original \n-000099f0: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 version of. \n-00009a00: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 206f 7220 this License or \n-00009a10: 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 206f 7220 6469 7363 a notice or disc\n-00009a20: 6c61 696d 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6f72 6967 laimer, the orig\n-00009a30: 696e 616c 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2077 696c inal version wil\n-00009a40: 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7661 696c 2e0a l. prevail..\n-00009a50: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2073 6563 7469 . If a secti\n-00009a60: 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 on in the Docume\n-00009a70: 6e74 2069 7320 456e 7469 746c 6564 2022 nt is Entitled \"\n-00009a80: 4163 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 656d 656e 7473 Acknowledgements\n-00009a90: 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2244 6564 6963 6174 \",. \"Dedicat\n-00009aa0: 696f 6e73 222c 206f 7220 2248 6973 746f ions\", or \"Histo\n-00009ab0: 7279 222c 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 ry\", the require\n-00009ac0: 6d65 6e74 2028 7365 6374 696f 6e20 3429 ment (section 4)\n-00009ad0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2050 7265 7365 7276 to. Preserv\n-00009ae0: 6520 6974 7320 5469 746c 6520 2873 6563 e its Title (sec\n-00009af0: 7469 6f6e 2031 2920 7769 6c6c 2074 7970 tion 1) will typ\n-00009b00: 6963 616c 6c79 2072 6571 7569 7265 2063 ically require c\n-00009b10: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 hanging the. \n-00009b20: 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7469 746c 652e 0a0a actual title...\n-00009b30: 2020 392e 2054 4552 4d49 4e41 5449 4f4e 9. 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Su\n+00005690: 6368 2061 206e 6f74 6963 650a 2020 2020 ch a notice. \n+000056a0: 2067 7261 6e74 7320 6120 776f 726c 642d grants a world-\n+000056b0: 7769 6465 2c20 726f 7961 6c74 792d 6672 wide, royalty-fr\n+000056c0: 6565 206c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 756e 6c69 ee license, unli\n+000056d0: 6d69 7465 6420 696e 2064 7572 6174 696f mited in duratio\n+000056e0: 6e2c 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2075 7365 2074 n,. to use t\n+000056f0: 6861 7420 776f 726b 2075 6e64 6572 2074 hat work under t\n+00005700: 6865 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 he conditions st\n+00005710: 6174 6564 2068 6572 6569 6e2e 2020 5468 ated herein. Th\n+00005720: 650a 2020 2020 2022 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 e. \"Document\n+00005730: 222c 2062 656c 6f77 2c20 7265 6665 7273 \", below, refers\n+00005740: 2074 6f20 616e 7920 7375 6368 206d 616e to any such man\n+00005750: 7561 6c20 6f72 2077 6f72 6b2e 2020 416e ual or work. 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Preserve the\n+00007d50: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 section Entitle\n+00007d60: 6420 2248 6973 746f 7279 222c 2050 7265 d \"History\", Pre\n+00007d70: 7365 7276 6520 6974 7320 5469 746c 652c serve its Title,\n+00007d80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2061 . and a\n+00007d90: 6464 2074 6f20 6974 2061 6e20 6974 656d dd to it an item\n+00007da0: 2073 7461 7469 6e67 2061 7420 6c65 6173 stating at leas\n+00007db0: 7420 7468 6520 7469 746c 652c 2079 6561 t the title, yea\n+00007dc0: 722c 206e 6577 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 r, new. \n+00007dd0: 2061 7574 686f 7273 2c20 616e 6420 7075 authors, and pu\n+00007de0: 626c 6973 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 204d blisher of the M\n+00007df0: 6f64 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e20 odified Version \n+00007e00: 6173 2067 6976 656e 206f 6e20 7468 650a as given on the.\n+00007e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5469 746c 6520 Title \n+00007e20: 5061 6765 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 Page. 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J.\n+00007f50: 2050 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 6e65 Preserve the ne\n+00007f60: 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 twork location, \n+00007f70: 6966 2061 6e79 2c20 6769 7665 6e20 696e if any, given in\n+00007f80: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 740a 2020 the Document. \n+00007f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 7220 7075 626c for publ\n+00007fa0: 6963 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2061 2054 ic access to a T\n+00007fb0: 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2063 6f70 7920 ransparent copy \n+00007fc0: 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 742c of the Document,\n+00007fd0: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c and. l\n+00007fe0: 696b 6577 6973 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7477 ikewise the netw\n+00007ff0: 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 6769 ork locations gi\n+00008000: 7665 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d ven in the Docum\n+00008010: 656e 7420 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ent for. \n+00008020: 2020 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 previous versi\n+00008030: 6f6e 7320 6974 2077 6173 2062 6173 6564 ons it was based\n+00008040: 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6d61 7920 on. These may \n+00008050: 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 696e 2074 6865 be placed in the\n+00008060: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4869 7374 . \"Hist\n+00008070: 6f72 7922 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2e20 2059 ory\" section. Y\n+00008080: 6f75 206d 6179 206f 6d69 7420 6120 6e65 ou may omit a ne\n+00008090: 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 twork location f\n+000080a0: 6f72 2061 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2020 or a work. \n+000080b0: 2020 2020 7468 6174 2077 6173 2070 7562 that was pub\n+000080c0: 6c69 7368 6564 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 lished at least \n+000080d0: 666f 7572 2079 6561 7273 2062 6566 6f72 four years befor\n+000080e0: 6520 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 e the Document. \n+000080f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7473 656c 662c itself,\n+00008100: 206f 7220 6966 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 or if the origi\n+00008110: 6e61 6c20 7075 626c 6973 6865 7220 6f66 nal publisher of\n+00008120: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 7420 the version it \n+00008130: 7265 6665 7273 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 refers. \n+00008140: 2074 6f20 6769 7665 7320 7065 726d 6973 to gives permis\n+00008150: 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4b2e sion... 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L. \n+00008270: 5072 6573 6572 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 Preserve all the\n+00008280: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n+00008290: 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d ons of the Docum\n+000082a0: 656e 742c 2075 6e61 6c74 6572 6564 0a20 ent, unaltered. \n+000082b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6569 in thei\n+000082c0: 7220 7465 7874 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 r text and in th\n+000082d0: 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 2e20 2053 6563 eir titles. Sec\n+000082e0: 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 206f 7220 tion numbers or \n+000082f0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6571 the. eq\n+00008300: 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2061 7265 206e 6f74 uivalent are not\n+00008310: 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 7061 7274 considered part\n+00008320: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 6374 696f 6e20 of the section \n+00008330: 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 titles... \n+00008340: 4d2e 2044 656c 6574 6520 616e 7920 7365 M. Delete any se\n+00008350: 6374 696f 6e20 456e 7469 746c 6564 2022 ction Entitled \"\n+00008360: 456e 646f 7273 656d 656e 7473 222e 2020 Endorsements\". \n+00008370: 5375 6368 2061 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 0a20 Such a section. \n+00008380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6179 206e 6f74 may not\n+00008390: 2062 6520 696e 636c 7564 6564 2069 6e20 be included in \n+000083a0: 7468 6520 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 the Modified Ver\n+000083b0: 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4e2e sion... N.\n+000083c0: 2044 6f20 6e6f 7420 7265 7469 746c 6520 Do not retitle \n+000083d0: 616e 7920 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2073 6563 any existing sec\n+000083e0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6265 2045 6e74 6974 tion to be Entit\n+000083f0: 6c65 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2245 led. \"E\n+00008400: 6e64 6f72 7365 6d65 6e74 7322 206f 7220 ndorsements\" or \n+00008410: 746f 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 696e 2074 to conflict in t\n+00008420: 6974 6c65 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 496e itle with any In\n+00008430: 7661 7269 616e 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 variant. \n+00008440: 2020 5365 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 Section... \n+00008450: 2020 204f 2e20 5072 6573 6572 7665 2061 O. Preserve a\n+00008460: 6e79 2057 6172 7261 6e74 7920 4469 7363 ny Warranty Disc\n+00008470: 6c61 696d 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 laimers... I\n+00008480: 6620 7468 6520 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 f the Modified V\n+00008490: 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 7320 ersion includes \n+000084a0: 6e65 7720 6672 6f6e 742d 6d61 7474 6572 new front-matter\n+000084b0: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 sections or. \n+000084c0: 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6963 6573 2074 6861 appendices tha\n+000084d0: 7420 7175 616c 6966 7920 6173 2053 6563 t qualify as Sec\n+000084e0: 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 ondary Sections \n+000084f0: 616e 6420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6e6f 0a20 and contain no. \n+00008500: 2020 2020 6d61 7465 7269 616c 2063 6f70 material cop\n+00008510: 6965 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2044 6f63 ied from the Doc\n+00008520: 756d 656e 742c 2079 6f75 206d 6179 2061 ument, you may a\n+00008530: 7420 796f 7572 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6465 t your option de\n+00008540: 7369 676e 6174 650a 2020 2020 2073 6f6d signate. som\n+00008550: 6520 6f72 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 6573 e or all of thes\n+00008560: 6520 7365 6374 696f 6e73 2061 7320 696e e sections as in\n+00008570: 7661 7269 616e 742e 2020 546f 2064 6f20 variant. 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(l\n+0000ae20: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 7661 6c3a 2020 ine 6).* eval: \n 0000ae30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 7661 eva\n-0000ae50: 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-0000ae60: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 (line 6).* e\n-0000ae70: 7870 6f72 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xport: \n+0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000ae50: 6576 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eval. \n+0000ae60: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000ae70: 2a20 6578 706f 7274 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * export: \n 0000ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae90: 2020 2020 2020 6578 706f 7274 2e20 2020 export. \n-0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000aeb0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6661 6c73 653a 2020 ne 6).* false: \n-0000aec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 f\n-0000aee0: 616c 7365 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alse. \n-0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000af00: 2046 444c 2c20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 FDL, GNU Free D\n-0000af10: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n-0000af20: 656e 7365 3a20 2020 474e 5520 4672 6565 ense: GNU Free\n-0000af30: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c Documentation L\n-0000af40: 6963 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 icense.. \n+0000ae90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 7870 6f72 742e export.\n+0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000aeb0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2066 616c 7365 (line 6).* false\n+0000aec0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000aee0: 2020 6661 6c73 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 false. \n+0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000af00: 290a 2a20 4644 4c2c 2047 4e55 2046 7265 ).* FDL, GNU Fre\n+0000af10: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 e Documentation \n+0000af20: 4c69 6365 6e73 653a 2020 2047 4e55 2046 License: GNU F\n+0000af30: 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f ree Documentatio\n+0000af40: 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 n License.. \n 0000af50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000af80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000af90: 0a2a 2066 7773 6574 7570 3a20 2020 2020 .* fwsetup: \n+0000af80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000af90: 2036 290a 2a20 6677 7365 7475 703a 2020 6).* fwsetup: \n 0000afa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6677 7365 7475 fwsetu\n-0000afc0: 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p. \n-0000afd0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6764 6269 (line 6).* gdbi\n-0000afe0: 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nfo: \n+0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 7773 fws\n+0000afc0: 6574 7570 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etup. \n+0000afd0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 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6).*\n+0000b070: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 3a20 2020 2020 2020 gptsync: \n 0000b080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b090: 2020 2020 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2e20 2020 gptsync. \n-0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000b0b0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 616c 743a 2020 2020 e 6).* halt: \n+0000b090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6770 7473 796e 632e gptsync.\n+0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000b0b0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6861 6c74 3a20 line 6).* halt: \n 0000b0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6861 ha\n-0000b0e0: 6c74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lt. \n-0000b0f0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b100: 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 hashsum: \n+0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b0e0: 2068 616c 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 halt. \n+0000b0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b100: 0a2a 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a20 2020 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(line\n+0000b420: 2036 290a 2a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a20 6).* load_env: \n 0000b430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 5f65 load_e\n-0000b450: 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nv. \n-0000b460: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c6f 6164 (line 6).* load\n-0000b470: 666f 6e74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 font: \n+0000b440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f61 loa\n+0000b450: 645f 656e 762e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d_env. \n+0000b460: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c (line 6).* l\n+0000b470: 6f61 6466 6f6e 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 oadfont: \n 0000b480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b490: 2020 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742e 2020 2020 loadfont. \n-0000b4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000b4b0: 3629 0a2a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a 2020 6).* loopback: \n-0000b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 loop\n-0000b4e0: 6261 636b 2e20 2020 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2020 2020 2020 2020 reboot: \n+0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000be90: 2072 6561 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 read. \n+0000bea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000beb0: 0a2a 2072 6562 6f6f 743a 2020 2020 2020 .* reboot: \n 0000bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bed0: 2020 2020 2020 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 2020 reboot. \n-0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000bef0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a ine 6).* regexp:\n-0000bf00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 626f 6f74 reboot\n+0000bee0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000bef0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6765 (line 6).* rege\n+0000bf00: 7870 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xp: \n 0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf20: 7265 6765 7870 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 regexp. \n-0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000bf40: 2a20 726d 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * rmmod: \n+0000bf20: 2020 2072 6567 6578 702e 2020 2020 2020 regexp. \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000bf40: 3629 0a2a 2072 6d6d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 6).* rmmod: \n 0000bf50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6d6d 6f64 2e20 rmmod. \n-0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf80: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6176 655f (line 6).* save_\n-0000bf90: 656e 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 env: \n+0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 726d 6d6f rmmo\n+0000bf70: 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+0000bf80: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7361 (line 6).* sa\n+0000bf90: 7665 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ve_env: \n 0000bfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bfb0: 2020 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 save_env. \n-0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000bfd0: 290a 2a20 7365 6172 6368 3a20 2020 2020 ).* search: \n+0000bfb0: 2020 2020 2073 6176 655f 656e 762e 2020 save_env. \n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000bfd0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 683a 2020 e 6).* search: \n 0000bfe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 searc\n-0000c000: 682e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h. \n-0000c010: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 656e (line 6).* sen\n-0000c020: 646b 6579 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dkey: \n+0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n+0000c000: 6172 6368 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 arch. \n+0000c010: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000c020: 7365 6e64 6b65 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 sendkey: \n 0000c030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c040: 2020 2020 7365 6e64 6b65 792e 2020 2020 sendkey. \n-0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000c060: 2036 290a 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a20 2020 6).* serial: \n+0000c040: 2020 2020 2020 2073 656e 646b 6579 2e20 sendkey. \n+0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000c060: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a ine 6).* serial:\n 0000c070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 ser\n-0000c090: 6961 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ial. \n-0000c0a0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n-0000c0b0: 6574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et: \n+0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c090: 7365 7269 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 serial. \n+0000c0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000c0b0: 2a20 7365 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 * set: \n 0000c0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c0d0: 2020 2020 2020 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 set. \n-0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c0f0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a ne 6).* sha1sum:\n-0000c100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-0000c120: 6861 3173 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ha1sum. \n-0000c130: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000c140: 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a20 2020 2020 sha256sum: \n+0000c0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 2e20 2020 set. \n+0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c0f0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 (line 6).* sha1s\n+0000c100: 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um: \n+0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c120: 2020 7368 6131 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 sha1sum. \n+0000c130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000c140: 290a 2a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 2020 ).* sha256sum: \n 0000c150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 6132 3536 7375 sha256su\n-0000c170: 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 m. (\n-0000c180: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6135 3132 line 6).* sha512\n-0000c190: 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum: \n+0000c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 3235 sha25\n+0000c170: 3673 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6sum. \n+0000c180: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 (line 6).* sha\n+0000c190: 3531 3273 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 512sum: \n 0000c1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1b0: 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2e20 2020 2020 sha512sum. \n-0000c1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000c1d0: 0a2a 2073 6c65 6570 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* sleep: \n+0000c1b0: 2020 2020 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2e 2020 sha512sum. \n+0000c1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000c1d0: 2036 290a 2a20 736c 6565 703a 2020 2020 6).* sleep: \n 0000c1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e sleep.\n-0000c200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c210: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 736d 6269 (line 6).* smbi\n-0000c220: 6f73 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 os: \n+0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6c65 sle\n+0000c200: 6570 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ep. \n+0000c210: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n+0000c220: 6d62 696f 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mbios: \n 0000c230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c240: 2020 2073 6d62 696f 732e 2020 2020 2020 smbios. \n-0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000c260: 3629 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 2020 2020 6).* source: \n+0000c240: 2020 2020 2020 736d 6269 6f73 2e20 2020 smbios. \n+0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000c260: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 736f 7572 6365 3a20 ne 6).* source: \n 0000c270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736f 7572 sour\n-0000c290: 6365 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce. \n-0000c2a0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7375 (line 6).* su\n-0000c2b0: 626d 656e 753a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bmenu: \n+0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+0000c290: 6f75 7263 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ource. \n+0000c2a0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000c2b0: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 3a20 2020 2020 2020 submenu: \n 0000c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c2d0: 2020 2020 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2020 submenu. \n-0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000c2f0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f e 6).* terminal_\n-0000c300: 696e 7075 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 input: \n-0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 te\n-0000c320: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2e20 2020 rminal_input. \n-0000c330: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000c340: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a terminal_output:\n-0000c350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c360: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f terminal_\n-0000c370: 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 286c output. (l\n-0000c380: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 ine 6).* terminf\n-0000c390: 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o: \n+0000c2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 626d 656e 752e submenu.\n+0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000c2f0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e line 6).* termin\n+0000c300: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 al_input: \n+0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c320: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742e terminal_input.\n+0000c330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000c340: 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 .* terminal_outp\n+0000c350: 7574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ut: \n+0000c360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e termin\n+0000c370: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742e 2020 2020 2020 al_output. \n+0000c380: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d (line 6).* term\n+0000c390: 696e 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 info: \n 0000c3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c3b0: 7465 726d 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 2020 terminfo. \n-0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000c3d0: 2a20 7465 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 * test: \n+0000c3b0: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 terminfo. \n+0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000c3d0: 3629 0a2a 2074 6573 743a 2020 2020 2020 6).* test: \n 0000c3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6573 742e 2020 test. \n-0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c410: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 7275 653a (line 6).* true:\n-0000c420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 7374 test\n+0000c400: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000c410: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7472 (line 6).* tr\n+0000c420: 7565 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue: \n 0000c430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c440: 2020 7472 7565 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 true. \n-0000c450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000c460: 290a 2a20 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 2020 ).* trust: \n+0000c440: 2020 2020 2074 7275 652e 2020 2020 2020 true. \n+0000c450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000c460: 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 3a20 2020 e 6).* trust: \n 0000c470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 7374 trust\n-0000c490: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000c4a0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2075 6e73 (line 6).* uns\n-0000c4b0: 6574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et: \n+0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 tr\n+0000c490: 7573 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ust. \n+0000c4a0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000c4b0: 756e 7365 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 unset: \n 0000c4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c4d0: 2020 2020 756e 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 unset. \n-0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000c4f0: 2036 290a 2a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6).* verify_det\n-0000c500: 6163 6865 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ached: \n-0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 6572 ver\n-0000c520: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2e20 2020 ify_detached. \n-0000c530: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2076 (line 6).* v\n-0000c540: 6964 656f 696e 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ideoinfo: \n+0000c4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 2020 unset. \n+0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000c4f0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 795f ine 6).* verify_\n+0000c500: 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 detached: \n+0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c520: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642e verify_detached.\n+0000c530: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000c540: 2a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 * videoinfo: \n 0000c550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c560: 2020 2020 2020 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2e videoinfo.\n-0000c570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c580: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7772 6d73 723a 2020 ne 6).* wrmsr: \n-0000c590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 w\n-0000c5b0: 726d 7372 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmsr. \n-0000c5c0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000c5d0: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 723a xen_hypervisor:\n-0000c5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 xen_hype\n-0000c600: 7276 6973 6f72 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2028 rvisor. (\n-0000c610: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f line 6).* xen_mo\n-0000c620: 6475 6c65 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dule: \n+0000c560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 6964 656f 696e videoin\n+0000c570: 666f 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fo. \n+0000c580: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 (line 6).* wrmsr\n+0000c590: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c5b0: 2020 7772 6d73 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 wrmsr. \n+0000c5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000c5d0: 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 ).* xen_hypervis\n+0000c5e0: 6f72 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or: \n+0000c5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2078 656e 5f68 xen_h\n+0000c600: 7970 6572 7669 736f 722e 2020 2020 2020 ypervisor. \n+0000c610: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2078 656e (line 6).* xen\n+0000c620: 5f6d 6f64 756c 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _module: \n 0000c630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c640: 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 2020 xen_module. \n-0000c650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000c660: 0a0a ..\n+0000c640: 2020 2020 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 xen_module. \n+0000c650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000c660: 2036 290a 0a 6)..\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info", "source2": "grub.info", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,541 +1,541 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 312e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7.1.1 from grub.\n 00000040: 7465 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 texi...This manu\n 00000050: 616c 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 al is for GNU GR\n 00000060: 5542 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 UB (version 2.12\n-00000070: 2c20 3233 204d 6172 6368 2032 3032 3629 , 23 March 2026)\n-00000080: 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 ... Copyright \n-00000090: c2a9 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 ...1999,2000,200\n-000000a0: 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 1,2002,2004,2006\n-000000b0: 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c ,2008,2009,2010,\n-000000c0: 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 2011,2012,2013 F\n-000000d0: 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 ree.Software Fou\n-000000e0: 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 ndation, Inc... \n-000000f0: 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 Permission i\n-00000100: 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 s granted to cop\n-00000110: 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e y, distribute an\n-00000120: 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 d/or modify this\n-00000130: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 . document u\n-00000140: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n-00000150: 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 f the GNU Free D\n-00000160: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n-00000170: 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 ense,. Versi\n-00000180: 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 on 1.2 or any la\n-00000190: 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c ter version publ\n-000001a0: 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 ished by the Fre\n-000001b0: 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 e Software. \n-000001c0: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 Foundation; with\n-000001d0: 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 no Invariant Se\n-000001e0: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 ctions..INFO-DIR\n-000001f0: 2d53 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a -SECTION Kernel.\n-00000200: 5354 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 START-INFO-DIR-E\n-00000210: 4e54 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 NTRY.* GRUB: (gr\n-00000220: 7562 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ub). \n-00000230: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 The GRand U\n-00000240: 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 nified Bootloade\n-00000250: 720a 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c r.* grub-install\n-00000260: 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 : (grub)Invoking\n-00000270: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 grub-install. \n-00000280: 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f Install GRUB o\n-00000290: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 n your drive.* g\n-000002a0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 rub-mkconfig: (g\n-000002b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-000002c0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e b-mkconfig. Gen\n-000002d0: 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 erate GRUB confi\n-000002e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d guration.* grub-\n-000002f0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a mkpasswd-pbkdf2:\n-00000300: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n-00000310: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-00000320: 6b64 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 kdf2..* grub-mkr\n-00000330: 656c 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e elpath: (grub)In\n-00000340: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000350: 6c70 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b lpath..* grub-mk\n-00000360: 7265 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e rescue: (grub)In\n-00000370: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000380: 7363 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 scue. 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6164 6572 7f31 3730 3838 390a 4e6f loader.170889.No\n-000013b0: 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 7f31 3731 3538 de: initrd.17158\n-000013c0: 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2.Node: initrd16\n-000013d0: 7f31 3733 3737 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .173778.Node: li\n-000013e0: 6e75 787f 3137 3433 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a nux.174384.Node:\n-000013f0: 206c 696e 7578 3136 7f31 3735 3239 310a linux16.175291.\n-00001400: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 Node: xen_hyperv\n-00001410: 6973 6f72 7f31 3735 3939 360a 4e6f 6465 isor.175996.Node\n-00001420: 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 7f31 3736 : xen_module.176\n-00001430: 3434 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 440.Node: Genera\n-00001440: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 3736 3934 l commands.17694\n-00001450: 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 7269 616c 7f31 1.Node: serial.1\n-00001460: 3737 3339 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 77391.Node: term\n-00001470: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 7f31 3739 3236 inal_input.17926\n-00001480: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 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7f31 3931 3436 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 st.191469.Node: \n-00001580: 626f 6f74 7f31 3931 3638 380a 4e6f 6465 boot.191688.Node\n-00001590: 3a20 6361 747f 3139 3139 3935 0a4e 6f64 : cat.191995.Nod\n-000015a0: 653a 2063 6c65 6172 7f31 3932 3937 320a e: clear.192972.\n-000015b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e7f Node: cmosclean.\n-000015c0: 3139 3331 3335 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 193135.Node: cmo\n-000015d0: 7364 756d 707f 3139 3334 3234 0a4e 6f64 sdump.193424.Nod\n-000015e0: 653a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 747f 3139 3337 e: cmostest.1937\n-000015f0: 3034 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 7f31 3934 04.Node: cmp.194\n-00001600: 3034 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 047.Node: config\n-00001610: 6669 6c65 7f31 3934 3830 320a 4e6f 6465 file.194802.Node\n-00001620: 3a20 6370 7569 647f 3139 3532 3136 0a4e : cpuid.195216.N\n-00001630: 6f64 653a 2063 7263 7f31 3935 3738 340a ode: crc.195784.\n-00001640: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e Node: cryptomoun\n-00001650: 747f 3139 3630 3531 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 t.196051.Node: c\n-00001660: 7574 6d65 6d7f 3139 3833 3231 0a4e 6f64 utmem.198321.Nod\n-00001670: 653a 2064 6174 657f 3139 3931 3839 0a4e e: date.199189.N\n-00001680: 6f64 653a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 657f ode: devicetree.\n-00001690: 3139 3937 3138 0a4e 6f64 653a 2064 6973 199718.Node: dis\n-000016a0: 7472 7573 747f 3230 3032 3435 0a4e 6f64 trust.200245.Nod\n-000016b0: 653a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 707f 3230 3130 e: drivemap.2010\n-000016c0: 3331 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6368 6f7f 3230 31.Node: echo.20\n-000016d0: 3138 3638 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 7465 1868.Node: efite\n-000016e0: 7874 6d6f 6465 7f32 3032 3834 330a 4e6f xtmode.202843.No\n-000016f0: 6465 3a20 6576 616c 7f32 3035 3037 370a de: eval.205077.\n-00001700: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 7f32 3035 Node: export.205\n-00001710: 3335 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 657f 352.Node: false.\n-00001720: 3230 3536 3532 0a4e 6f64 653a 2066 7773 205652.Node: fws\n-00001730: 6574 7570 7f32 3035 3934 310a 4e6f 6465 etup.205941.Node\n-00001740: 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f7f 3230 3632 3930 : gdbinfo.206290\n-00001750: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 6574 7465 7874 7f32 .Node: gettext.2\n-00001760: 3036 3832 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6770 7473 06829.Node: gpts\n-00001770: 796e 637f 3230 3732 3735 0a4e 6f64 653a ync.207275.Node:\n-00001780: 2068 616c 747f 3230 3832 3137 0a4e 6f64 halt.208217.Nod\n-00001790: 653a 2068 6173 6873 756d 7f32 3038 3539 e: hashsum.20859\n-000017a0: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 7f32 3039 7.Node: help.209\n-000017b0: 3839 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 7864 756d 898.Node: hexdum\n-000017c0: 707f 3231 3033 3531 0a4e 6f64 653a 2069 p.210351.Node: i\n-000017d0: 6e73 6d6f 647f 3231 3039 3638 0a4e 6f64 nsmod.210968.Nod\n-000017e0: 653a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 7f32 3131 e: keystatus.211\n-000017f0: 3137 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 174.Node: list_e\n-00001800: 6e76 7f32 3131 3739 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 nv.211799.Node: \n-00001810: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 7f32 3132 list_trusted.212\n-00001820: 3135 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 154.Node: load_e\n-00001830: 6e76 7f32 3132 3733 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 nv.212730.Node: \n-00001840: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 7f32 3134 3431 360a loadfont.214416.\n-00001850: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 7f32 Node: loopback.2\n-00001860: 3134 3738 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 7f32 14780.Node: ls.2\n-00001870: 3135 3337 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 15372.Node: lsfo\n-00001880: 6e74 737f 3231 3538 3939 0a4e 6f64 653a nts.215899.Node:\n-00001890: 206c 736d 6f64 7f32 3136 3036 360a 4e6f lsmod.216066.No\n-000018a0: 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 7f32 3136 3234 de: md5sum.21624\n-000018b0: 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7f32 1.Node: module.2\n-000018c0: 3136 3531 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 16513.Node: mult\n-000018d0: 6962 6f6f 747f 3231 3638 3130 0a4e 6f64 iboot.216810.Nod\n-000018e0: 653a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b7f 3231 e: nativedisk.21\n-000018f0: 3739 3038 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 7908.Node: norma\n-00001900: 6c7f 3231 3832 3932 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e l.218292.Node: n\n-00001910: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 7f32 3139 3036 ormal_exit.21906\n-00001920: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 0.Node: parttool\n-00001930: 7f32 3139 3336 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 .219367.Node: pa\n-00001940: 7373 776f 7264 7f32 3230 3839 340a 4e6f ssword.220894.No\n-00001950: 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b de: password_pbk\n-00001960: 6466 327f 3232 3131 3631 0a4e 6f64 653a df2.221161.Node:\n-00001970: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 747f 3232 3135 plainmount.2215\n-00001980: 3634 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 64.Node: plainmo\n-00001990: 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f 3232 unt-Footnotes.22\n-000019a0: 3533 3236 0a52 6566 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 5326.Ref: plainm\n-000019b0: 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 317f ount-Footnote-1.\n-000019c0: 3232 3533 3931 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 225391.Node: pla\n-000019d0: 797f 3232 3534 3832 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 y.225482.Node: p\n-000019e0: 726f 6265 7f32 3236 3231 300a 4e6f 6465 robe.226210.Node\n-000019f0: 3a20 7264 6d73 727f 3232 3636 3831 0a4e 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653a 2073 6c65 6570 7f32 3339 3139 ode: sleep.23919\n-00001af0: 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 7f32 1.Node: smbios.2\n-00001b00: 3339 3730 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f 7572 39704.Node: sour\n-00001b10: 6365 7f32 3432 3736 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ce.242768.Node: \n-00001b20: 7465 7374 7f32 3433 3331 340a 4e6f 6465 test.243314.Node\n-00001b30: 3a20 7472 7565 7f32 3436 3138 380a 4e6f : true.246188.No\n-00001b40: 6465 3a20 7472 7573 747f 3234 3634 3637 de: trust.246467\n-00001b50: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2075 6e73 6574 7f32 3437 .Node: unset.247\n-00001b60: 3237 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 270.Node: verify\n-00001b70: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 647f 3234 3734 3639 _detached.247469\n-00001b80: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f .Node: videoinfo\n-00001b90: 7f32 3438 3531 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 .248513.Node: wr\n-00001ba0: 6d73 727f 3234 3837 3736 0a4e 6f64 653a msr.248776.Node:\n-00001bb0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-00001bc0: 616e 6473 7f32 3439 3535 320a 4e6f 6465 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3131 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 55114.Node: net_\n-00001cc0: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 667f 3235 ipv6_autoconf.25\n-00001cd0: 3536 3135 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 5615.Node: net_l\n-00001ce0: 735f 6164 6472 7f32 3536 3034 300a 4e6f s_addr.256040.No\n-00001cf0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 de: net_ls_cards\n-00001d00: 7f32 3536 3238 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .256288.Node: ne\n-00001d10: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 7f32 3536 3532 340a t_ls_dns.256524.\n-00001d20: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 Node: net_ls_rou\n-00001d30: 7465 737f 3235 3637 3535 0a4e 6f64 653a tes.256755.Node:\n-00001d40: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 707f 3235 net_nslookup.25\n-00001d50: 3639 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f73 6962.Node: net_s\n-00001d60: 6574 5f76 6c61 6e7f 3235 3732 3637 0a4e et_vlan.257267.N\n-00001d70: 6f64 653a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 ode: Undocumente\n-00001d80: 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f32 3537 3733 d commands.25773\n-00001d90: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 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6f74 7f32 3739 3633 380a 4e6f 6465 Boot.279638.Node\n-00001e90: 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 7f32 3831 3634 : Lockdown.28164\n-00001ea0: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 0.Node: Platform\n-00001eb0: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 7f32 3832 limitations.282\n-00001ec0: 3134 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 141.Node: Platfo\n-00001ed0: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 rm-specific oper\n-00001ee0: 6174 696f 6e73 7f32 3930 3135 300a 4e6f ations.290150.No\n-00001ef0: 6465 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 de: Supported ke\n-00001f00: 726e 656c 737f 3239 3132 3431 0a4e 6f64 rnels.291241.Nod\n-00001f10: 653a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 e: Troubleshooti\n-00001f20: 6e67 7f32 3938 3837 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ng.298878.Node: \n-00001f30: 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 GRUB only offers\n-00001f40: 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c7f a rescue shell.\n-00001f50: 3239 3931 3437 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 299147.Node: Fir\n-00001f60: 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 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206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 747f 3231 3434 e: loadfont.2144\n+00001850: 3232 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 22.Node: loopbac\n+00001860: 6b7f 3231 3437 3836 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c k.214786.Node: l\n+00001870: 737f 3231 3533 3738 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c s.215378.Node: l\n+00001880: 7366 6f6e 7473 7f32 3135 3930 350a 4e6f sfonts.215905.No\n+00001890: 6465 3a20 6c73 6d6f 647f 3231 3630 3732 de: lsmod.216072\n+000018a0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 6435 7375 6d7f 3231 .Node: md5sum.21\n+000018b0: 3632 3437 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c 6247.Node: modul\n+000018c0: 657f 3231 3635 3139 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d e.216519.Node: m\n+000018d0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 7f32 3136 3831 360a ultiboot.216816.\n+000018e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b Node: nativedisk\n+000018f0: 7f32 3137 3931 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f .217914.Node: no\n+00001900: 726d 616c 7f32 3138 3239 380a 4e6f 6465 rmal.218298.Node\n+00001910: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 747f 3231 : normal_exit.21\n+00001920: 3930 3636 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 9066.Node: partt\n+00001930: 6f6f 6c7f 3231 3933 3733 0a4e 6f64 653a ool.219373.Node:\n+00001940: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 647f 3232 3039 3030 password.220900\n+00001950: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f .Node: password_\n+00001960: 7062 6b64 6632 7f32 3231 3136 370a 4e6f pbkdf2.221167.No\n+00001970: 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 7f32 de: plainmount.2\n+00001980: 3231 3537 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 21570.Node: plai\n+00001990: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 nmount-Footnotes\n+000019a0: 7f32 3235 3333 320a 5265 663a 2070 6c61 .225332.Ref: pla\n+000019b0: 696e 6d6f 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 inmount-Footnote\n+000019c0: 2d31 7f32 3235 3339 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 -1.225397.Node: \n+000019d0: 706c 6179 7f32 3235 3438 380a 4e6f 6465 play.225488.Node\n+000019e0: 3a20 7072 6f62 657f 3232 3632 3136 0a4e : probe.226216.N\n+000019f0: 6f64 653a 2072 646d 7372 7f32 3236 3638 ode: rdmsr.22668\n+00001a00: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6164 7f32 3237 7.Node: read.227\n+00001a10: 3435 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 459.Node: reboot\n+00001a20: 7f32 3237 3930 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 .227902.Node: re\n+00001a30: 6765 7870 7f32 3238 3037 300a 4e6f 6465 gexp.228070.Node\n+00001a40: 3a20 726d 6d6f 647f 3232 3836 3032 0a4e : rmmod.228602.N\n+00001a50: 6f64 653a 2073 6176 655f 656e 767f 3232 ode: save_env.22\n+00001a60: 3837 3830 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 8780.Node: searc\n+00001a70: 687f 3232 3937 3937 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 h.229797.Node: s\n+00001a80: 656e 646b 6579 7f32 3331 3431 310a 4e6f endkey.231411.No\n+00001a90: 6465 3a20 7365 747f 3233 3739 3235 0a4e de: set.237925.N\n+00001aa0: 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3173 756d 7f32 3338 ode: sha1sum.238\n+00001ab0: 3333 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 337.Node: sha256\n+00001ac0: 7375 6d7f 3233 3836 3135 0a4e 6f64 653a sum.238615.Node:\n+00001ad0: 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 7f32 3338 3930 sha512sum.23890\n+00001ae0: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736c 6565 707f 3233 7.Node: sleep.23\n+00001af0: 3931 3937 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 696f 9197.Node: smbio\n+00001b00: 737f 3233 3937 3130 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 s.239710.Node: s\n+00001b10: 6f75 7263 657f 3234 3237 3734 0a4e 6f64 ource.242774.Nod\n+00001b20: 653a 2074 6573 747f 3234 3333 3230 0a4e e: test.243320.N\n+00001b30: 6f64 653a 2074 7275 657f 3234 3631 3934 ode: true.246194\n+00001b40: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 7275 7374 7f32 3436 .Node: trust.246\n+00001b50: 3437 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e 7365 747f 473.Node: unset.\n+00001b60: 3234 3732 3736 0a4e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 247276.Node: ver\n+00001b70: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 7f32 3437 ify_detached.247\n+00001b80: 3437 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 475.Node: videoi\n+00001b90: 6e66 6f7f 3234 3835 3139 0a4e 6f64 653a nfo.248519.Node:\n+00001ba0: 2077 726d 7372 7f32 3438 3738 320a 4e6f wrmsr.248782.No\n+00001bb0: 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 de: Networking c\n+00001bc0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3234 3935 3538 0a4e ommands.249558.N\n+00001bd0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 ode: net_add_add\n+00001be0: 727f 3235 3036 3331 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e r.250631.Node: n\n+00001bf0: 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 7f32 3531 3135 et_add_dns.25115\n+00001c00: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 5.Node: net_add_\n+00001c10: 726f 7574 657f 3235 3134 3331 0a4e 6f64 route.251431.Nod\n+00001c20: 653a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 7f32 3531 e: net_bootp.251\n+00001c30: 3935 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 959.Node: net_de\n+00001c40: 6c5f 6164 6472 7f32 3532 3332 340a 4e6f l_addr.252324.No\n+00001c50: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 737f de: net_del_dns.\n+00001c60: 3235 3235 3634 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 252564.Node: net\n+00001c70: 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 7f32 3532 3831 _del_route.25281\n+00001c80: 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 1.Node: net_dhcp\n+00001c90: 7f32 3533 3034 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .253045.Node: ne\n+00001ca0: 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f t_get_dhcp_optio\n+00001cb0: 6e7f 3235 3531 3230 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e n.255120.Node: n\n+00001cc0: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n+00001cd0: 7f32 3535 3632 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .255621.Node: ne\n+00001ce0: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 727f 3235 3630 3436 t_ls_addr.256046\n+00001cf0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 .Node: net_ls_ca\n+00001d00: 7264 737f 3235 3632 3934 0a4e 6f64 653a rds.256294.Node:\n+00001d10: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 737f 3235 3635 net_ls_dns.2565\n+00001d20: 3330 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 30.Node: net_ls_\n+00001d30: 726f 7574 6573 7f32 3536 3736 310a 4e6f routes.256761.No\n+00001d40: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 de: net_nslookup\n+00001d50: 7f32 3536 3936 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .256968.Node: ne\n+00001d60: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 7f32 3537 3237 t_set_vlan.25727\n+00001d70: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 3.Node: Undocume\n+00001d80: 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3235 nted commands.25\n+00001d90: 3737 3336 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 7736.Node: Inter\n+00001da0: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e7f nationalisation.\n+00001db0: 3236 3334 3438 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 263448.Node: Sec\n+00001dc0: 7572 6974 797f 3237 3032 3838 0a4e 6f64 urity.270288.Nod\n+00001dd0: 653a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f e: Authenticatio\n+00001de0: 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 n and authorisat\n+00001df0: 696f 6e7f 3237 3038 3634 0a4e 6f64 653a ion.270864.Node:\n+00001e00: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n+00001e10: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 737f 3237 3430 3630 ignatures.274060\n+00001e20: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 .Node: UEFI secu\n+00001e30: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d re boot and shim\n+00001e40: 7f32 3737 3432 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 .277426.Node: Se\n+00001e50: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n+00001e60: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 7f32 3738 ed Targeting.278\n+00001e70: 3630 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 605.Node: Measur\n+00001e80: 6564 2042 6f6f 747f 3237 3936 3434 0a4e ed Boot.279644.N\n+00001e90: 6f64 653a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e7f 3238 ode: Lockdown.28\n+00001ea0: 3136 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 1646.Node: Platf\n+00001eb0: 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 737f orm limitations.\n+00001ec0: 3238 3231 3437 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 282147.Node: Pla\n+00001ed0: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f tform-specific o\n+00001ee0: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 737f 3239 3031 3536 perations.290156\n+00001ef0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 .Node: Supported\n+00001f00: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 7f32 3931 3234 370a kernels.291247.\n+00001f10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f Node: Troublesho\n+00001f20: 6f74 696e 677f 3239 3838 3834 0a4e 6f64 oting.298884.Nod\n+00001f30: 653a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 e: GRUB only off\n+00001f40: 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 ers a rescue she\n+00001f50: 6c6c 7f32 3939 3135 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ll.299153.Node: \n+00001f60: 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 Firmware stalls \n+00001f70: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 instead of booti\n+00001f80: 6e67 2047 5255 427f 3330 3333 3834 0a4e ng GRUB.303384.N\n+00001f90: 6f64 653a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 ode: User-space \n+00001fa0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 737f 3330 3430 3135 utilities.304015\n+00001fb0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 .Node: Invoking \n+00001fc0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 7f33 3034 grub-install.304\n+00001fd0: 3734 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 746.Node: Invoki\n+00001fe0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n+00001ff0: 7f33 3036 3936 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .306969.Node: In\n+00002000: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 voking grub-mkpa\n+00002010: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 327f 3330 3736 sswd-pbkdf2.3076\n+00002020: 3531 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 51.Node: Invokin\n+00002030: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 g grub-mkrelpath\n+00002040: 7f33 3038 3336 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .308363.Node: In\n+00002050: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+00002060: 7363 7565 7f33 3039 3138 350a 4e6f 6465 scue.309185.Node\n+00002070: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00002080: 6d6f 756e 747f 3331 3130 3433 0a4e 6f64 mount.311043.Nod\n+00002090: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n+000020a0: 2d70 726f 6265 7f33 3134 3139 370a 4e6f -probe.314197.No\n+000020b0: 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 de: Invoking gru\n+000020c0: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 7f33 b-script-check.3\n+000020d0: 3136 3936 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 16960.Node: Obta\n+000020e0: 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 ining and Buildi\n+000020f0: 6e67 2047 5255 427f 3331 3737 3137 0a4e ng GRUB.317717.N\n+00002100: 6f64 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 ode: Reporting b\n+00002110: 7567 737f 3331 3839 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a ugs.318962.Node:\n+00002120: 2046 7574 7572 657f 3332 3137 3836 0a4e Future.321786.N\n+00002130: 6f64 653a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 ode: Copying Thi\n+00002140: 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 7f33 3232 3138 360a s Manual.322186.\n+00002150: 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 Node: GNU Free D\n+00002160: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n+00002170: 656e 7365 7f33 3232 3431 340a 4e6f 6465 ense.322414.Node\n+00002180: 3a20 496e 6465 787f 3334 3438 3036 0a1f : Index.344806..\n+00002190: 0a45 6e64 2054 6167 2054 6162 6c65 0a0a .End Tag Table..\n+000021a0: 1f0a 4c6f 6361 6c20 5661 7269 6162 6c65 ..Local Variable\n+000021b0: 733a 0a63 6f64 696e 673a 2075 7466 2d38 s:.coding: utf-8\n+000021c0: 0a45 6e64 3a0a .End:.\n"}]}]}]}]}]}