{"diffoscope-json-version": 1, "source1": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.ZQBvSvbo/b1/grub2_2.12-7_amd64.changes", "source2": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.ZQBvSvbo/b2/grub2_2.12-7_amd64.changes", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "Files", "source2": "Files", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,38 +1,38 @@\n \n 8e322c01e2849c9c8649ce5c1fb3241a 11830696 debug optional grub-common-dbgsym_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n 7db31371aa655a3eea93412a3f60adca 2898652 admin optional grub-common_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n- da10b7f56c0a8cbe8f3ebf4aff6a69fa 648652 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n+ 07a020c33ac40a2267af2ed052d5fd9a 648556 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n e1e27a1a552fad6f5e7f8899d72825a7 2975764 debug optional grub-coreboot-dbg_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n 0a9e399a6731188463a0e88304ff4a67 46652 admin optional grub-coreboot_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n- a01c1cdaa057ad2629ee46040901b3ca 1053120 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n+ d112168732849a6856ec3418c177ed8b 1053008 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n b26aada3b470f16ccbd5a07b74553841 3700500 debug optional grub-efi-amd64-dbg_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n 619262ed6a3dae574b6c352473c7791a 317200 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-signed-template_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n- f3764cd30c2db3b8ffc4f0108532f70b 1361400 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n+ c7b0266938a522a30f06e30e25dc4de6 1361440 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n 76415d60f681d748296a4985c19c3425 46668 admin optional grub-efi-amd64_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n- 5b1a40f34ca8bee26b2f29bb8c2f1820 691276 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n+ f9338ccdeb1f9f0f83d1c06a783139bb 691544 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n 767c371c40ad7199492a2fb1bd050119 3351632 debug optional grub-efi-ia32-dbg_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n- db38241104de49e9218905c96c4de6ed 1323488 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n+ 41fc65d05ea32a5ee757a376b7c04fd2 1323336 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n 69678c6853b88c2c644bca62b4d1aa55 46676 admin optional grub-efi-ia32_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n 48fb4d0f7655c0df511d614d06a76194 2372 admin optional grub-efi_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n f39dbf72a294b67c2897c153e8b3967b 2818312 debug optional grub-emu-dbg_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n 80810b4abd06355ec8f32fa3d2b4e07e 34588 debug optional grub-emu-dbgsym_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n- 8277afb2c11e6bab016b3b9faf17b860 3071468 admin optional grub-emu_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n- cfa58ff5c327fc1cf129942500bcacb0 927064 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n- 94b2d9689509924c60dcae5cf9135db6 635996 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n+ bf58a8ab7e6396301f999998fa462d14 3071084 admin optional grub-emu_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n+ 7fc9826559d6d722fd0bbaf897d95684 927060 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n+ d3e95127a69fdb078125d543c41baabf 636004 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n e621b1dc275a6be57a90e40fe6082605 2940540 debug optional grub-ieee1275-dbg_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n 3ebf77e17843fea9f7e57d6ce5829107 46656 admin optional grub-ieee1275_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n dbed224ea5b11a341c5d3a62eb43211f 2360 oldlibs optional grub-linuxbios_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n a497f5f7b7ce10eff6f1eb245a5eea9e 438304 debian-installer optional grub-mount-udeb_2.12-7_amd64.udeb\n 1b194a1b87cc9f95fac6a32cfd656474 1232320 debug optional grub-pc-bin-dbgsym_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n- 290dafb24ca083ac1be1ff084ef240a4 1021040 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n+ ec45309dcc921be9835ee961a5341785 1021040 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n 247ccf2fb9133640212f363c341c5c16 3200752 debug optional grub-pc-dbg_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n 4d7d0682ca28e0ac75f49a54c92cf777 128436 admin optional grub-pc_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n- b8c042a8cebd163e608d68fce15b230a 2647452 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n+ db5a64697f03edbcfbc7888986372df9 2647904 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n d6b00c18608fd21c21cad873f980be49 2155308 admin optional grub-theme-starfield_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n- 2d604f215deb743022a72f8d67dfe090 1040332 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n+ 93f5bfd871682e488510e5698257bff9 1040592 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n 0a81a561255c5a367728e7d5c9fdae8e 7576960 debug optional grub-xen-dbg_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n- bba32f7594fd14d86c8efa8a7832832b 1336524 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n+ ed7dcb9ba0d037680e85be31e3f49f2c 1336500 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n 6aa310d15263bbfe0b234d88cb7582df 46596 admin optional grub-xen_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n fc6baded75b8d9305cd392e22a8b7d63 1596780 debug optional grub2-common-dbgsym_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n- aa639bace462c3e3bd52cf120cc4ddd3 641256 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n+ 13d4b3197a08d582b350a2272f43f8af 641276 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n b9a28f7652253d5e83d4a5ef740e8807 2360 oldlibs optional grub2_2.12-7_amd64.deb\n"}, {"source1": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7412 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 641048 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 640952 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -146,15 +146,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3724 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3648 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3816 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5804 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4910 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2637 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2635 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2316 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27464 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13872 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 15088 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4152 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=coreboot\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8144 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1044784 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1044672 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -158,15 +158,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5848 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5944 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5920 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6000 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5824 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 9120 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5318 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2561 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2559 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3128 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44032 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2360 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 22000 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 24944 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6624 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1232 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1359976 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1360016 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -766765,16 +766765,16 @@\n 2349f0:\tlods %ds:(%rsi),%al\n 2349f1:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2349f3:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2349f5:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2349f7:\tadd %dh,0xcd3(%rsi)\n 2349fd:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2349ff:\tadd %al,(%rax,%rax,4)\n- 234a02:\tpush %rdi\n- 234a03:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 234a02:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 234a03:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 234a05:\tadd %ah,%al\n 234a07:\trorl %cl,(%rax,%rax,1)\n \t...\n 23561e:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 235620:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 235622:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 235624:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -772189,16 +772189,16 @@\n 23904f:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239051:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239053:\tadd %ch,-0x2d(%rdx)\n 239056:\tor $0x0,%al\n 239058:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23905a:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23905c:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 23905e:\tpush %rdi\n- 23905f:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 23905e:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 23905f:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 239061:\tadd %dl,0xc(%rbx,%rdx,8)\n \t...\n 239cc8:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 239cca:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239ccc:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n 239cce:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239cd0:\toutsb %ds:(%rsi),(%dx)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -772189,16 +772189,16 @@\n 23904f:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239051:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239053:\tadd %ch,-0x2d(%rdx)\n 239056:\tor $0x0,%al\n 239058:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23905a:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23905c:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 23905e:\tpush %rdi\n- 23905f:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 23905e:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 23905f:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 239061:\tadd %dl,0xc(%rbx,%rdx,8)\n \t...\n 239cc8:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 239cca:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239ccc:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n 239cce:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239cd0:\toutsb %ds:(%rsi),(%dx)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -878306,16 +878306,16 @@\n 28b59a:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28b59c:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28b59e:\txchg %eax,%esp\n 28b59f:\trorb %cl,(%rax,%rax,1)\n 28b5a2:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28b5a4:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28b5a6:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 28b5a8:\tpush %rdi\n- 28b5a9:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 28b5a8:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 28b5a9:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 28b5ab:\tadd %dh,0xcd2(%rsi)\n \t...\n 28c2ed:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28c2ef:\tadd %al,(%rbx)\n 28c2f1:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28c2f3:\tadd %bl,(%rax)\n 28c2f5:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7864 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 683220 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 683488 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -159,15 +159,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3836 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3996 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3796 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3932 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6800 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5340 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2604 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2602 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2320 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 28648 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2404 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1996 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14404 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 16100 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4292 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1236 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1322060 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1321908 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": 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0000 0000 0000 b6d3 0c00 ................\n-001c4990: 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 e0d3 0c00 0000 ......W.........\n+001c4990: 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 e0d3 0c00 0000 ................\n 001c49a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c49b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c49c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c49d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c49e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c49f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c4a00: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -135545,15 +135545,15 @@\n 00211780: ed01 0000 0000 d186 d567 0300 0000 0000 .........g......\n 00211790: 0000 0300 0000 1c00 1f00 0400 0000 3880 ..............8.\n 002117a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0200 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002117b0: 0200 0a00 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 3200 ....unicode.pf2.\n 002117c0: 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c 0000 0001 ...........l....\n 002117d0: 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 1880 6c00 0000 0000 ...fonts..l.....\n 002117e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 0000 ................\n-002117f0: 0000 94d2 0c00 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 ............W...\n+002117f0: 0000 94d2 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 ................\n 00211800: b6d2 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211810: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211820: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211830: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211840: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211850: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211860: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -116581,15 +116581,15 @@\n 001c7640: 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 3201 0000 0000 unicode.pf2.....\n 001c7650: 0000 0001 0000 006c 0000 0001 0004 0066 .......l.......f\n 001c7660: 6f6e 7473 8c00 0200 0200 0700 6772 7562 onts........grub\n 001c7670: 2e63 6667 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 0000 9c00 .cfg............\n 001c7680: 0000 0000 0000 4cd3 0c00 0000 0000 2080 ......L....... .\n 001c7690: 6c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 l...............\n 001c76a0: 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ac00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n-001c76b0: 66d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 90d3 f.........W.....\n+001c76b0: 66d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 90d3 f...............\n 001c76c0: 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c76d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c76e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c76f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7700: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7710: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7720: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -116581,15 +116581,15 @@\n 001c7640: 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 3201 0000 0000 unicode.pf2.....\n 001c7650: 0000 0001 0000 006c 0000 0001 0004 0066 .......l.......f\n 001c7660: 6f6e 7473 8c00 0200 0200 0700 6772 7562 onts........grub\n 001c7670: 2e63 6667 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 0000 9c00 .cfg............\n 001c7680: 0000 0000 0000 4cd3 0c00 0000 0000 2080 ......L....... .\n 001c7690: 6c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 l...............\n 001c76a0: 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ac00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n-001c76b0: 66d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 90d3 f.........W.....\n+001c76b0: 66d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 90d3 f...............\n 001c76c0: 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c76d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c76e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c76f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7700: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7710: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7720: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-emu_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-emu_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 6228 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 3065048 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 3064664 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -126,15 +126,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 39688 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 40272 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 45352 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 40120 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44664 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44584 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3750 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2375 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2373 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 329864 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 23248 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 11752 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 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6c64 6572 3200 0000 0000 0000 pbuilder2.......\n 001b6010: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6020: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6030: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6040: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6050: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6060: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6070: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n@@ -112142,27 +112142,27 @@\n 001b60d0: 0000 0000 0000 0062 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 .......boot/grub\n 001b60e0: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 6700 0000 0000 0000 /grub.cfg.......\n 001b60f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6100: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6110: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6120: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6130: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0030 3030 3036 ...........00006\n-001b6140: 3434 0030 3030 3231 3237 0030 3030 3231 44.0002127.00021\n-001b6150: 3237 0030 3030 3030 3030 3132 3432 0031 27.00000001242.1\n-001b6160: 3532 3034 3230 3234 3133 0030 3134 3732 5204202413.01472\n-001b6170: 3600 2030 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 6. 0............\n+001b6140: 3434 0030 3030 3432 3536 0030 3030 3432 44.0004256.00042\n+001b6150: 3536 0030 3030 3030 3030 3132 3432 0031 56.00000001242.1\n+001b6160: 3530 3030 3736 3536 3332 0030 3134 3735 5000765632.01475\n+001b6170: 3500 2030 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 5. 0............\n 001b6180: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6190: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b61a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b61b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b61c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b61d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 7573 7461 7220 2000 ........ustar .\n-001b61e0: 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 0000 0000 pbuilder1.......\n+001b61e0: 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 0000 0000 pbuilder2.......\n 001b61f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n-001b6200: 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 0000 0000 pbuilder1.......\n+001b6200: 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 0000 0000 pbuilder2.......\n 001b6210: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6220: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6230: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6240: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6250: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6260: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6270: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7392 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 628412 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 628420 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -145,15 +145,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3724 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3648 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3816 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5788 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4708 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2637 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2635 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2316 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27464 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13704 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14692 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2696 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/nand.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=ieee1275\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-pc-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-pc-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -171,15 +171,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3724 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3648 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3816 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 8480 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5791 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2623 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2621 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2316 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27464 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14892 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 15924 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4148 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-rescue-pc_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-rescue-pc_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1020 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 2646240 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 2646692 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-cdrom.iso", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-cdrom.iso", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,325 +1,325 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 May 23 2026 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 May 23 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 Apr 19 2025 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Apr 19 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 2411806 May 23 2026 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 2411806 Apr 19 2025 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 May 23 2026 [ 24 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 7820 May 23 2026 [ 1228 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10576 May 23 2026 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1200 May 23 2026 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5644 May 23 2026 [ 1239 00] affs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6048 May 23 2026 [ 1242 00] afs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1508 May 23 2026 [ 1245 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15608 May 23 2026 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 492 May 23 2026 [ 1254 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 May 23 2026 [ 1255 00] aout.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3024 May 23 2026 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4116 May 23 2026 [ 1258 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5544 May 23 2026 [ 1261 00] ata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1576 May 23 2026 [ 1264 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6764 May 23 2026 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4616 May 23 2026 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2188 May 23 2026 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3596 May 23 2026 [ 1274 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2004 May 23 2026 [ 1276 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2628 May 23 2026 [ 1277 00] boot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 31272 May 23 2026 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2280 May 23 2026 [ 1295 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 20048 May 23 2026 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2092 May 23 2026 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2816 May 23 2026 [ 1309 00] cat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3872 May 23 2026 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3336 May 23 2026 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2440 May 23 2026 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1048 May 23 2026 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2752 May 23 2026 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3396 May 23 2026 [ 1320 00] chain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2944 May 23 2026 [ 1322 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1164 May 23 2026 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1824 May 23 2026 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2208 May 23 2026 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4580 May 23 2026 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3931 May 23 2026 [ 1331 00] command.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2204 May 23 2026 [ 1333 00] configfi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2744 May 23 2026 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2980 May 23 2026 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1652 May 23 2026 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1552 May 23 2026 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 936 May 23 2026 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4896 May 23 2026 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14720 May 23 2026 [ 1345 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3584 May 23 2026 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1684 May 23 2026 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2096 May 23 2026 [ 1356 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1720 May 23 2026 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2148 May 23 2026 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2364 May 23 2026 [ 1361 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9816 May 23 2026 [ 1363 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 May 23 2026 [ 1368 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5504 May 23 2026 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1768 May 23 2026 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5296 May 23 2026 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1896 May 23 2026 [ 1376 00] echo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 23624 May 23 2026 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7644 May 23 2026 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11048 May 23 2026 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 16128 May 23 2026 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5824 May 23 2026 [ 1407 00] elf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 31318 May 23 2026 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1368 May 23 2026 [ 1426 00] eval.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5988 May 23 2026 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1380 May 23 2026 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6120 May 23 2026 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4620 May 23 2026 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6628 May 23 2026 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6132 May 23 2026 [ 1441 00] fat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17100 May 23 2026 [ 1444 00] file.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13840 May 23 2026 [ 1453 00] font.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2612 May 23 2026 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 219 May 23 2026 [ 1462 00] fs.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2924 May 23 2026 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 34144 May 23 2026 [ 1465 00] function.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1580 May 23 2026 [ 1482 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7976 May 23 2026 [ 1483 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 33532 May 23 2026 [ 1487 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 16304 May 23 2026 [ 1504 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10516 May 23 2026 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19084 May 23 2026 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2180 May 23 2026 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2872 May 23 2026 [ 1530 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3024 May 23 2026 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3632 May 23 2026 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2260 May 23 2026 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19300 May 23 2026 [ 1538 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8200 May 23 2026 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1960 May 23 2026 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14772 May 23 2026 [ 1554 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17740 May 23 2026 [ 1562 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8536 May 23 2026 [ 1571 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4324 May 23 2026 [ 1576 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7724 May 23 2026 [ 1579 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13472 May 23 2026 [ 1583 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 36800 May 23 2026 [ 1590 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 24504 May 23 2026 [ 1608 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 25096 May 23 2026 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5600 May 23 2026 [ 1633 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4892 May 23 2026 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 39012 May 23 2026 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9872 May 23 2026 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2796 May 23 2026 [ 1664 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4888 May 23 2026 [ 1666 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3740 May 23 2026 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8744 May 23 2026 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4616 May 23 2026 [ 1676 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5164 May 23 2026 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6504 May 23 2026 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1140 May 23 2026 [ 1686 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2584 May 23 2026 [ 1687 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3052 May 23 2026 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6856 May 23 2026 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8116 May 23 2026 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2972 May 23 2026 [ 1699 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5820 May 23 2026 [ 1701 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2452 May 23 2026 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2780 May 23 2026 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9252 May 23 2026 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6404 May 23 2026 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7804 May 23 2026 [ 1717 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4268 May 23 2026 [ 1721 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4968 May 23 2026 [ 1724 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1832 May 23 2026 [ 1727 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6260 May 23 2026 [ 1728 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14396 May 23 2026 [ 1732 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 30056 May 23 2026 [ 1740 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13504 May 23 2026 [ 1755 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5516 May 23 2026 [ 1762 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5744 May 23 2026 [ 1765 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3312 May 23 2026 [ 1768 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3868 May 23 2026 [ 1770 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4740 May 23 2026 [ 1772 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2236 May 23 2026 [ 1775 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1792 May 23 2026 [ 1777 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4768 May 23 2026 [ 1778 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3924 May 23 2026 [ 1781 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14300 May 23 2026 [ 1783 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8512 May 23 2026 [ 1790 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4816 May 23 2026 [ 1795 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3212 May 23 2026 [ 1798 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7376 May 23 2026 [ 1800 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2020 May 23 2026 [ 1804 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2104 May 23 2026 [ 1805 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1964 May 23 2026 [ 1807 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1880 May 23 2026 [ 1808 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2096 May 23 2026 [ 1809 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2796 May 23 2026 [ 1811 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3568 May 23 2026 [ 1813 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3592 May 23 2026 [ 1815 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3724 May 23 2026 [ 1817 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3864 May 23 2026 [ 1819 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3648 May 23 2026 [ 1821 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3816 May 23 2026 [ 1823 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3732 May 23 2026 [ 1825 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8480 May 23 2026 [ 1827 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5791 May 23 2026 [ 1832 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2623 May 23 2026 [ 1835 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2316 May 23 2026 [ 1837 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27464 May 23 2026 [ 1839 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2392 May 23 2026 [ 1853 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1972 May 23 2026 [ 1855 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14892 May 23 2026 [ 1856 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15924 May 23 2026 [ 1864 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4148 May 23 2026 [ 1872 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 59412 May 23 2026 [ 1875 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3152 May 23 2026 [ 1905 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6732 May 23 2026 [ 1907 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 115084 May 23 2026 [ 1911 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10632 May 23 2026 [ 1968 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4308 May 23 2026 [ 1974 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2504 May 23 2026 [ 1977 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2964 May 23 2026 [ 1979 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1444 May 23 2026 [ 1981 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10288 May 23 2026 [ 1982 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 May 23 2026 [ 1988 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1812 May 23 2026 [ 1989 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2052 May 23 2026 [ 1990 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2680 May 23 2026 [ 1992 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1712 May 23 2026 [ 1994 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1424 May 23 2026 [ 1995 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2300 May 23 2026 [ 1996 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2284 May 23 2026 [ 1998 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1732 May 23 2026 [ 2000 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1436 May 23 2026 [ 2001 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 May 23 2026 [ 2002 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 111 May 23 2026 [ 2003 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17 May 23 2026 [ 2004 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4632 May 23 2026 [ 2005 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 May 23 2026 [ 2008 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2732 May 23 2026 [ 2009 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4808 May 23 2026 [ 2011 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1312 May 23 2026 [ 2014 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2088 May 23 2026 [ 2015 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1316 May 23 2026 [ 2017 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2364 May 23 2026 [ 2018 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11388 May 23 2026 [ 2020 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7260 May 23 2026 [ 2026 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6268 May 23 2026 [ 2030 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2448 May 23 2026 [ 2034 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7984 May 23 2026 [ 2036 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1512 May 23 2026 [ 2040 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3500 May 23 2026 [ 2041 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2272 May 23 2026 [ 2043 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2144 May 23 2026 [ 2045 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3672 May 23 2026 [ 2047 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2608 May 23 2026 [ 2049 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1288 May 23 2026 [ 2051 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2188 May 23 2026 [ 2052 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3668 May 23 2026 [ 2054 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1832 May 23 2026 [ 2056 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1764 May 23 2026 [ 2057 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1628 May 23 2026 [ 2058 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 50888 May 23 2026 [ 2059 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8664 May 23 2026 [ 2084 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15036 May 23 2026 [ 2089 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4080 May 23 2026 [ 2097 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4612 May 23 2026 [ 2099 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3688 May 23 2026 [ 2102 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3128 May 23 2026 [ 2104 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3192 May 23 2026 [ 2106 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3124 May 23 2026 [ 2108 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6996 May 23 2026 [ 2110 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9948 May 23 2026 [ 2114 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 628 May 23 2026 [ 2119 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1624 May 23 2026 [ 2120 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5208 May 23 2026 [ 2121 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5100 May 23 2026 [ 2124 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2424 May 23 2026 [ 2127 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6360 May 23 2026 [ 2129 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2116 May 23 2026 [ 2133 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2312 May 23 2026 [ 2135 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5504 May 23 2026 [ 2137 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2008 May 23 2026 [ 2140 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7200 May 23 2026 [ 2141 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2112 May 23 2026 [ 2145 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17344 May 23 2026 [ 2147 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3504 May 23 2026 [ 2156 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 202 May 23 2026 [ 2158 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4432 May 23 2026 [ 2159 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12212 May 23 2026 [ 2162 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5208 May 23 2026 [ 2168 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1272 May 23 2026 [ 2171 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2712 May 23 2026 [ 2172 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2244 May 23 2026 [ 2174 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5360 May 23 2026 [ 2176 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4592 May 23 2026 [ 2179 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1456 May 23 2026 [ 2182 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2320 May 23 2026 [ 2183 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1656 May 23 2026 [ 2185 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 May 23 2026 [ 2186 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3556 May 23 2026 [ 2187 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8784 May 23 2026 [ 2189 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5236 May 23 2026 [ 2194 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5652 May 23 2026 [ 2197 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5348 May 23 2026 [ 2200 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6492 May 23 2026 [ 2203 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10368 May 23 2026 [ 2207 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3740 May 23 2026 [ 2213 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6936 May 23 2026 [ 2215 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 May 23 2026 [ 2219 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2272 May 23 2026 [ 2220 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2632 May 23 2026 [ 2222 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1460 May 23 2026 [ 2224 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3560 May 23 2026 [ 2225 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9684 May 23 2026 [ 2227 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2608 May 23 2026 [ 2232 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4940 May 23 2026 [ 2234 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 May 23 2026 [ 2237 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 33 May 23 2026 [ 2239 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5928 May 23 2026 [ 2240 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5548 May 23 2026 [ 2243 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6020 May 23 2026 [ 2246 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5612 May 23 2026 [ 2249 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 21312 May 23 2026 [ 2252 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3976 May 23 2026 [ 2263 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4216 May 23 2026 [ 2265 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2280 May 23 2026 [ 2268 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1448 May 23 2026 [ 2270 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8196 May 23 2026 [ 2271 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27288 May 23 2026 [ 2276 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2084 May 23 2026 [ 2290 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 May 23 2026 [ 2292 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14940 May 23 2026 [ 2293 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 40876 May 23 2026 [ 2301 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5468 May 23 2026 [ 2321 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6484 May 23 2026 [ 2324 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 45736 May 23 2026 [ 2328 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Apr 19 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 7820 Apr 19 2025 [ 1228 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10576 Apr 19 2025 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1200 Apr 19 2025 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5644 Apr 19 2025 [ 1239 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6048 Apr 19 2025 [ 1242 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1508 Apr 19 2025 [ 1245 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15608 Apr 19 2025 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 492 Apr 19 2025 [ 1254 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Apr 19 2025 [ 1255 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3024 Apr 19 2025 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4116 Apr 19 2025 [ 1258 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5544 Apr 19 2025 [ 1261 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1576 Apr 19 2025 [ 1264 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6764 Apr 19 2025 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4616 Apr 19 2025 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2188 Apr 19 2025 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3596 Apr 19 2025 [ 1274 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2004 Apr 19 2025 [ 1276 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2628 Apr 19 2025 [ 1277 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 31272 Apr 19 2025 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 Apr 19 2025 [ 1295 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 20048 Apr 19 2025 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2092 Apr 19 2025 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2816 Apr 19 2025 [ 1309 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3872 Apr 19 2025 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3336 Apr 19 2025 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2440 Apr 19 2025 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1048 Apr 19 2025 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2752 Apr 19 2025 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3396 Apr 19 2025 [ 1320 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2944 Apr 19 2025 [ 1322 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 Apr 19 2025 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1824 Apr 19 2025 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2208 Apr 19 2025 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4580 Apr 19 2025 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3931 Apr 19 2025 [ 1331 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2204 Apr 19 2025 [ 1333 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2744 Apr 19 2025 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2980 Apr 19 2025 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1652 Apr 19 2025 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1552 Apr 19 2025 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 936 Apr 19 2025 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4896 Apr 19 2025 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14720 Apr 19 2025 [ 1345 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3584 Apr 19 2025 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1684 Apr 19 2025 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2096 Apr 19 2025 [ 1356 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1720 Apr 19 2025 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2148 Apr 19 2025 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2364 Apr 19 2025 [ 1361 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9816 Apr 19 2025 [ 1363 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Apr 19 2025 [ 1368 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5504 Apr 19 2025 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1768 Apr 19 2025 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5296 Apr 19 2025 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1896 Apr 19 2025 [ 1376 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 23624 Apr 19 2025 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7644 Apr 19 2025 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11048 Apr 19 2025 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16128 Apr 19 2025 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5824 Apr 19 2025 [ 1407 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 31318 Apr 19 2025 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1368 Apr 19 2025 [ 1426 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5988 Apr 19 2025 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1380 Apr 19 2025 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6120 Apr 19 2025 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4620 Apr 19 2025 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6628 Apr 19 2025 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6132 Apr 19 2025 [ 1441 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17100 Apr 19 2025 [ 1444 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13840 Apr 19 2025 [ 1453 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2612 Apr 19 2025 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 219 Apr 19 2025 [ 1462 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2924 Apr 19 2025 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 34144 Apr 19 2025 [ 1465 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1580 Apr 19 2025 [ 1482 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7976 Apr 19 2025 [ 1483 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33532 Apr 19 2025 [ 1487 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16304 Apr 19 2025 [ 1504 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10516 Apr 19 2025 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19084 Apr 19 2025 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2180 Apr 19 2025 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2872 Apr 19 2025 [ 1530 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3024 Apr 19 2025 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3632 Apr 19 2025 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2260 Apr 19 2025 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19300 Apr 19 2025 [ 1538 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8200 Apr 19 2025 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1960 Apr 19 2025 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14772 Apr 19 2025 [ 1554 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17740 Apr 19 2025 [ 1562 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8536 Apr 19 2025 [ 1571 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4324 Apr 19 2025 [ 1576 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7724 Apr 19 2025 [ 1579 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13472 Apr 19 2025 [ 1583 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 36800 Apr 19 2025 [ 1590 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 24504 Apr 19 2025 [ 1608 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25096 Apr 19 2025 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5600 Apr 19 2025 [ 1633 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4892 Apr 19 2025 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 39012 Apr 19 2025 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9872 Apr 19 2025 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2796 Apr 19 2025 [ 1664 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4888 Apr 19 2025 [ 1666 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3740 Apr 19 2025 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8744 Apr 19 2025 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4616 Apr 19 2025 [ 1676 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5164 Apr 19 2025 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6504 Apr 19 2025 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1140 Apr 19 2025 [ 1686 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2584 Apr 19 2025 [ 1687 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3052 Apr 19 2025 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6856 Apr 19 2025 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8116 Apr 19 2025 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2972 Apr 19 2025 [ 1699 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5820 Apr 19 2025 [ 1701 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2452 Apr 19 2025 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2780 Apr 19 2025 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9252 Apr 19 2025 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6404 Apr 19 2025 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7804 Apr 19 2025 [ 1717 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4268 Apr 19 2025 [ 1721 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4968 Apr 19 2025 [ 1724 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1832 Apr 19 2025 [ 1727 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6260 Apr 19 2025 [ 1728 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14396 Apr 19 2025 [ 1732 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 30056 Apr 19 2025 [ 1740 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13504 Apr 19 2025 [ 1755 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5516 Apr 19 2025 [ 1762 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5744 Apr 19 2025 [ 1765 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3312 Apr 19 2025 [ 1768 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3868 Apr 19 2025 [ 1770 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4740 Apr 19 2025 [ 1772 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2236 Apr 19 2025 [ 1775 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1792 Apr 19 2025 [ 1777 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4768 Apr 19 2025 [ 1778 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3924 Apr 19 2025 [ 1781 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14300 Apr 19 2025 [ 1783 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8512 Apr 19 2025 [ 1790 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4816 Apr 19 2025 [ 1795 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3212 Apr 19 2025 [ 1798 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7376 Apr 19 2025 [ 1800 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2020 Apr 19 2025 [ 1804 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2104 Apr 19 2025 [ 1805 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1964 Apr 19 2025 [ 1807 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1880 Apr 19 2025 [ 1808 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2096 Apr 19 2025 [ 1809 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2796 Apr 19 2025 [ 1811 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3568 Apr 19 2025 [ 1813 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3592 Apr 19 2025 [ 1815 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3724 Apr 19 2025 [ 1817 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3864 Apr 19 2025 [ 1819 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3648 Apr 19 2025 [ 1821 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3816 Apr 19 2025 [ 1823 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3732 Apr 19 2025 [ 1825 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8480 Apr 19 2025 [ 1827 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5791 Apr 19 2025 [ 1832 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2621 Apr 19 2025 [ 1835 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2316 Apr 19 2025 [ 1837 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27464 Apr 19 2025 [ 1839 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2392 Apr 19 2025 [ 1853 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1972 Apr 19 2025 [ 1855 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14892 Apr 19 2025 [ 1856 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15924 Apr 19 2025 [ 1864 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4148 Apr 19 2025 [ 1872 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 59412 Apr 19 2025 [ 1875 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3152 Apr 19 2025 [ 1905 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6732 Apr 19 2025 [ 1907 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 115084 Apr 19 2025 [ 1911 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10632 Apr 19 2025 [ 1968 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4308 Apr 19 2025 [ 1974 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2504 Apr 19 2025 [ 1977 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2964 Apr 19 2025 [ 1979 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1444 Apr 19 2025 [ 1981 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10288 Apr 19 2025 [ 1982 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 Apr 19 2025 [ 1988 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1812 Apr 19 2025 [ 1989 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2052 Apr 19 2025 [ 1990 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2680 Apr 19 2025 [ 1992 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1712 Apr 19 2025 [ 1994 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1424 Apr 19 2025 [ 1995 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2300 Apr 19 2025 [ 1996 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2284 Apr 19 2025 [ 1998 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1732 Apr 19 2025 [ 2000 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1436 Apr 19 2025 [ 2001 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 Apr 19 2025 [ 2002 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 111 Apr 19 2025 [ 2003 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17 Apr 19 2025 [ 2004 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4632 Apr 19 2025 [ 2005 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Apr 19 2025 [ 2008 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2732 Apr 19 2025 [ 2009 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4808 Apr 19 2025 [ 2011 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1312 Apr 19 2025 [ 2014 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2088 Apr 19 2025 [ 2015 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1316 Apr 19 2025 [ 2017 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2364 Apr 19 2025 [ 2018 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11388 Apr 19 2025 [ 2020 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7260 Apr 19 2025 [ 2026 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6268 Apr 19 2025 [ 2030 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2448 Apr 19 2025 [ 2034 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7984 Apr 19 2025 [ 2036 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1512 Apr 19 2025 [ 2040 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3500 Apr 19 2025 [ 2041 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2272 Apr 19 2025 [ 2043 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2144 Apr 19 2025 [ 2045 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3672 Apr 19 2025 [ 2047 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2608 Apr 19 2025 [ 2049 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1288 Apr 19 2025 [ 2051 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2188 Apr 19 2025 [ 2052 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3668 Apr 19 2025 [ 2054 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1832 Apr 19 2025 [ 2056 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1764 Apr 19 2025 [ 2057 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1628 Apr 19 2025 [ 2058 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 50888 Apr 19 2025 [ 2059 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8664 Apr 19 2025 [ 2084 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15036 Apr 19 2025 [ 2089 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4080 Apr 19 2025 [ 2097 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4612 Apr 19 2025 [ 2099 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3688 Apr 19 2025 [ 2102 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3128 Apr 19 2025 [ 2104 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3192 Apr 19 2025 [ 2106 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3124 Apr 19 2025 [ 2108 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6996 Apr 19 2025 [ 2110 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9948 Apr 19 2025 [ 2114 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 628 Apr 19 2025 [ 2119 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1624 Apr 19 2025 [ 2120 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5208 Apr 19 2025 [ 2121 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5100 Apr 19 2025 [ 2124 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2424 Apr 19 2025 [ 2127 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6360 Apr 19 2025 [ 2129 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2116 Apr 19 2025 [ 2133 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2312 Apr 19 2025 [ 2135 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5504 Apr 19 2025 [ 2137 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2008 Apr 19 2025 [ 2140 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7200 Apr 19 2025 [ 2141 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2112 Apr 19 2025 [ 2145 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17344 Apr 19 2025 [ 2147 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3504 Apr 19 2025 [ 2156 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 202 Apr 19 2025 [ 2158 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4432 Apr 19 2025 [ 2159 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12212 Apr 19 2025 [ 2162 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5208 Apr 19 2025 [ 2168 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1272 Apr 19 2025 [ 2171 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2712 Apr 19 2025 [ 2172 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2244 Apr 19 2025 [ 2174 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5360 Apr 19 2025 [ 2176 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4592 Apr 19 2025 [ 2179 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1456 Apr 19 2025 [ 2182 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2320 Apr 19 2025 [ 2183 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1656 Apr 19 2025 [ 2185 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Apr 19 2025 [ 2186 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3556 Apr 19 2025 [ 2187 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8784 Apr 19 2025 [ 2189 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5236 Apr 19 2025 [ 2194 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5652 Apr 19 2025 [ 2197 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5348 Apr 19 2025 [ 2200 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6492 Apr 19 2025 [ 2203 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10368 Apr 19 2025 [ 2207 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3740 Apr 19 2025 [ 2213 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6936 Apr 19 2025 [ 2215 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Apr 19 2025 [ 2219 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2272 Apr 19 2025 [ 2220 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2632 Apr 19 2025 [ 2222 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1460 Apr 19 2025 [ 2224 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3560 Apr 19 2025 [ 2225 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9684 Apr 19 2025 [ 2227 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2608 Apr 19 2025 [ 2232 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4940 Apr 19 2025 [ 2234 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Apr 19 2025 [ 2237 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33 Apr 19 2025 [ 2239 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5928 Apr 19 2025 [ 2240 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5548 Apr 19 2025 [ 2243 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6020 Apr 19 2025 [ 2246 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5612 Apr 19 2025 [ 2249 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 21312 Apr 19 2025 [ 2252 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3976 Apr 19 2025 [ 2263 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4216 Apr 19 2025 [ 2265 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 Apr 19 2025 [ 2268 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1448 Apr 19 2025 [ 2270 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8196 Apr 19 2025 [ 2271 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27288 Apr 19 2025 [ 2276 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2084 Apr 19 2025 [ 2290 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Apr 19 2025 [ 2292 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14940 Apr 19 2025 [ 2293 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 40876 Apr 19 2025 [ 2301 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5468 Apr 19 2025 [ 2321 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6484 Apr 19 2025 [ 2324 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 45736 Apr 19 2025 [ 2328 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,325 +1,325 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 May 23 2026 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 May 23 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Apr 19 2025 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Apr 19 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 May 23 2026 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 Apr 19 2025 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 May 23 2026 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7820 May 23 2026 [ 1228 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10576 May 23 2026 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1200 May 23 2026 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5644 May 23 2026 [ 1239 00] affs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6048 May 23 2026 [ 1242 00] afs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1508 May 23 2026 [ 1245 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15608 May 23 2026 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 May 23 2026 [ 1254 00] all_video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 May 23 2026 [ 1255 00] aout.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3024 May 23 2026 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4116 May 23 2026 [ 1258 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5544 May 23 2026 [ 1261 00] ata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 May 23 2026 [ 1264 00] backtrace.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6764 May 23 2026 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4616 May 23 2026 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 May 23 2026 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3596 May 23 2026 [ 1274 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2004 May 23 2026 [ 1276 00] blocklist.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2628 May 23 2026 [ 1277 00] boot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31272 May 23 2026 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 May 23 2026 [ 1295 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 20048 May 23 2026 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2092 May 23 2026 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2816 May 23 2026 [ 1309 00] cat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3872 May 23 2026 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3336 May 23 2026 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2440 May 23 2026 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 May 23 2026 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2752 May 23 2026 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3396 May 23 2026 [ 1320 00] chain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2944 May 23 2026 [ 1322 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1164 May 23 2026 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1824 May 23 2026 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2208 May 23 2026 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4580 May 23 2026 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3931 May 23 2026 [ 1331 00] command.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 May 23 2026 [ 1333 00] configfile.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2744 May 23 2026 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2980 May 23 2026 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1652 May 23 2026 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1552 May 23 2026 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 May 23 2026 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4896 May 23 2026 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14720 May 23 2026 [ 1345 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3584 May 23 2026 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1684 May 23 2026 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 May 23 2026 [ 1356 00] date.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1720 May 23 2026 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2148 May 23 2026 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 May 23 2026 [ 1361 00] disk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9816 May 23 2026 [ 1363 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 May 23 2026 [ 1368 00] div.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 May 23 2026 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1768 May 23 2026 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5296 May 23 2026 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 May 23 2026 [ 1376 00] echo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23624 May 23 2026 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7644 May 23 2026 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11048 May 23 2026 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16128 May 23 2026 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5824 May 23 2026 [ 1407 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31318 May 23 2026 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 May 23 2026 [ 1426 00] eval.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5988 May 23 2026 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 May 23 2026 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6120 May 23 2026 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4620 May 23 2026 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6628 May 23 2026 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6132 May 23 2026 [ 1441 00] fat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17100 May 23 2026 [ 1444 00] file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13840 May 23 2026 [ 1453 00] font.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 May 23 2026 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 May 23 2026 [ 1462 00] fs.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2924 May 23 2026 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34144 May 23 2026 [ 1465 00] functional_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 May 23 2026 [ 1482 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7976 May 23 2026 [ 1483 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33532 May 23 2026 [ 1487 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16304 May 23 2026 [ 1504 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10516 May 23 2026 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19084 May 23 2026 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2180 May 23 2026 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2872 May 23 2026 [ 1530 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3024 May 23 2026 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3632 May 23 2026 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2260 May 23 2026 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19300 May 23 2026 [ 1538 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8200 May 23 2026 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1960 May 23 2026 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14772 May 23 2026 [ 1554 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17740 May 23 2026 [ 1562 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8536 May 23 2026 [ 1571 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4324 May 23 2026 [ 1576 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7724 May 23 2026 [ 1579 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13472 May 23 2026 [ 1583 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36800 May 23 2026 [ 1590 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24504 May 23 2026 [ 1608 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25096 May 23 2026 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5600 May 23 2026 [ 1633 00] geli.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4892 May 23 2026 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 39012 May 23 2026 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9872 May 23 2026 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 May 23 2026 [ 1664 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4888 May 23 2026 [ 1666 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 May 23 2026 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8744 May 23 2026 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4616 May 23 2026 [ 1676 00] halt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5164 May 23 2026 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6504 May 23 2026 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1140 May 23 2026 [ 1686 00] hello.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2584 May 23 2026 [ 1687 00] help.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 May 23 2026 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6856 May 23 2026 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8116 May 23 2026 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2972 May 23 2026 [ 1699 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5820 May 23 2026 [ 1701 00] http.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 May 23 2026 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2780 May 23 2026 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9252 May 23 2026 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6404 May 23 2026 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7804 May 23 2026 [ 1717 00] jpeg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4268 May 23 2026 [ 1721 00] json.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4968 May 23 2026 [ 1724 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 May 23 2026 [ 1727 00] keystatus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6260 May 23 2026 [ 1728 00] ldm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14396 May 23 2026 [ 1732 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30056 May 23 2026 [ 1740 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13504 May 23 2026 [ 1755 00] linux.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5516 May 23 2026 [ 1762 00] linux16.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5744 May 23 2026 [ 1765 00] loadenv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3312 May 23 2026 [ 1768 00] loopback.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3868 May 23 2026 [ 1770 00] ls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4740 May 23 2026 [ 1772 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2236 May 23 2026 [ 1775 00] lsapm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1792 May 23 2026 [ 1777 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4768 May 23 2026 [ 1778 00] lspci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3924 May 23 2026 [ 1781 00] luks.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14300 May 23 2026 [ 1783 00] luks2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8512 May 23 2026 [ 1790 00] lvm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4816 May 23 2026 [ 1795 00] lzopio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3212 May 23 2026 [ 1798 00] macbless.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7376 May 23 2026 [ 1800 00] macho.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2020 May 23 2026 [ 1804 00] mda_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2104 May 23 2026 [ 1805 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1964 May 23 2026 [ 1807 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1880 May 23 2026 [ 1808 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 May 23 2026 [ 1809 00] memdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 May 23 2026 [ 1811 00] memrw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3568 May 23 2026 [ 1813 00] minicmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3592 May 23 2026 [ 1815 00] minix.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3724 May 23 2026 [ 1817 00] minix2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3864 May 23 2026 [ 1819 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3648 May 23 2026 [ 1821 00] minix3.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3816 May 23 2026 [ 1823 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3732 May 23 2026 [ 1825 00] minix_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8480 May 23 2026 [ 1827 00] mmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5791 May 23 2026 [ 1832 00] moddep.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2623 May 23 2026 [ 1835 00] modinfo.sh \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2316 May 23 2026 [ 1837 00] morse.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27464 May 23 2026 [ 1839 00] mpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2392 May 23 2026 [ 1853 00] msdospart.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1972 May 23 2026 [ 1855 00] mul_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14892 May 23 2026 [ 1856 00] multiboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15924 May 23 2026 [ 1864 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4148 May 23 2026 [ 1872 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 59412 May 23 2026 [ 1875 00] net.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3152 May 23 2026 [ 1905 00] newc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6732 May 23 2026 [ 1907 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 115084 May 23 2026 [ 1911 00] normal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10632 May 23 2026 [ 1968 00] ntfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4308 May 23 2026 [ 1974 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2504 May 23 2026 [ 1977 00] ntldr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2964 May 23 2026 [ 1979 00] odc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1444 May 23 2026 [ 1981 00] offsetio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10288 May 23 2026 [ 1982 00] ohci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 May 23 2026 [ 1988 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 May 23 2026 [ 1989 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 May 23 2026 [ 1990 00] part_apple.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 May 23 2026 [ 1992 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1712 May 23 2026 [ 1994 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 May 23 2026 [ 1995 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 May 23 2026 [ 1996 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 May 23 2026 [ 1998 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 May 23 2026 [ 2000 00] part_plan.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1436 May 23 2026 [ 2001 00] part_sun.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 May 23 2026 [ 2002 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 May 23 2026 [ 2003 00] partmap.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 May 23 2026 [ 2004 00] parttool.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4632 May 23 2026 [ 2005 00] parttool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 May 23 2026 [ 2008 00] password.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2732 May 23 2026 [ 2009 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4808 May 23 2026 [ 2011 00] pata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1312 May 23 2026 [ 2014 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 May 23 2026 [ 2015 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 May 23 2026 [ 2017 00] pci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 May 23 2026 [ 2018 00] pcidump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11388 May 23 2026 [ 2020 00] pgp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7260 May 23 2026 [ 2026 00] plainmount.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6268 May 23 2026 [ 2030 00] plan9.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 May 23 2026 [ 2034 00] play.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7984 May 23 2026 [ 2036 00] png.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1512 May 23 2026 [ 2040 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3500 May 23 2026 [ 2041 00] probe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 May 23 2026 [ 2043 00] procfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 May 23 2026 [ 2045 00] progress.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3672 May 23 2026 [ 2047 00] pxe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 May 23 2026 [ 2049 00] pxechain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1288 May 23 2026 [ 2051 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 May 23 2026 [ 2052 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 May 23 2026 [ 2054 00] random.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 May 23 2026 [ 2056 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1764 May 23 2026 [ 2057 00] read.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1628 May 23 2026 [ 2058 00] reboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50888 May 23 2026 [ 2059 00] regexp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8664 May 23 2026 [ 2084 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15036 May 23 2026 [ 2089 00] relocator.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4080 May 23 2026 [ 2097 00] romfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 May 23 2026 [ 2099 00] scsi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3688 May 23 2026 [ 2102 00] search.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3128 May 23 2026 [ 2104 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 May 23 2026 [ 2106 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 May 23 2026 [ 2108 00] search_label.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6996 May 23 2026 [ 2110 00] sendkey.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9948 May 23 2026 [ 2114 00] serial.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 May 23 2026 [ 2119 00] setjmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 May 23 2026 [ 2120 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 May 23 2026 [ 2121 00] setpci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5100 May 23 2026 [ 2124 00] sfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2424 May 23 2026 [ 2127 00] shift_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6360 May 23 2026 [ 2129 00] signature_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 May 23 2026 [ 2133 00] sleep.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2312 May 23 2026 [ 2135 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 May 23 2026 [ 2137 00] smbios.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2008 May 23 2026 [ 2140 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7200 May 23 2026 [ 2141 00] squash4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 May 23 2026 [ 2145 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17344 May 23 2026 [ 2147 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 May 23 2026 [ 2156 00] tar.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 May 23 2026 [ 2158 00] terminal.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 May 23 2026 [ 2159 00] terminal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12212 May 23 2026 [ 2162 00] terminfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 May 23 2026 [ 2168 00] test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 May 23 2026 [ 2171 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2712 May 23 2026 [ 2172 00] testload.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2244 May 23 2026 [ 2174 00] testspeed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5360 May 23 2026 [ 2176 00] tftp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 May 23 2026 [ 2179 00] tga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 May 23 2026 [ 2182 00] time.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2320 May 23 2026 [ 2183 00] tr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1656 May 23 2026 [ 2185 00] trig.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 May 23 2026 [ 2186 00] true.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3556 May 23 2026 [ 2187 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8784 May 23 2026 [ 2189 00] udf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5236 May 23 2026 [ 2194 00] ufs1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5652 May 23 2026 [ 2197 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5348 May 23 2026 [ 2200 00] ufs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6492 May 23 2026 [ 2203 00] uhci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10368 May 23 2026 [ 2207 00] usb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 May 23 2026 [ 2213 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6936 May 23 2026 [ 2215 00] usbms.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 May 23 2026 [ 2219 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 May 23 2026 [ 2220 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 May 23 2026 [ 2222 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 May 23 2026 [ 2224 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3560 May 23 2026 [ 2225 00] usbtest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9684 May 23 2026 [ 2227 00] vbe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 May 23 2026 [ 2232 00] verifiers.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4940 May 23 2026 [ 2234 00] vga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2128 May 23 2026 [ 2237 00] vga_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 May 23 2026 [ 2239 00] video.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5928 May 23 2026 [ 2240 00] video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5548 May 23 2026 [ 2243 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6020 May 23 2026 [ 2246 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5612 May 23 2026 [ 2249 00] video_colors.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21312 May 23 2026 [ 2252 00] video_fb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3976 May 23 2026 [ 2263 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 May 23 2026 [ 2265 00] videotest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 May 23 2026 [ 2268 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 May 23 2026 [ 2270 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8196 May 23 2026 [ 2271 00] xfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27288 May 23 2026 [ 2276 00] xnu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 May 23 2026 [ 2290 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 May 23 2026 [ 2292 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14940 May 23 2026 [ 2293 00] xzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40876 May 23 2026 [ 2301 00] zfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5468 May 23 2026 [ 2321 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 May 23 2026 [ 2324 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45736 May 23 2026 [ 2328 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Apr 19 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7820 Apr 19 2025 [ 1228 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10576 Apr 19 2025 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1200 Apr 19 2025 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5644 Apr 19 2025 [ 1239 00] affs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6048 Apr 19 2025 [ 1242 00] afs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1508 Apr 19 2025 [ 1245 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15608 Apr 19 2025 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 Apr 19 2025 [ 1254 00] all_video.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Apr 19 2025 [ 1255 00] aout.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3024 Apr 19 2025 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4116 Apr 19 2025 [ 1258 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5544 Apr 19 2025 [ 1261 00] ata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 Apr 19 2025 [ 1264 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6764 Apr 19 2025 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4616 Apr 19 2025 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Apr 19 2025 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3596 Apr 19 2025 [ 1274 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2004 Apr 19 2025 [ 1276 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2628 Apr 19 2025 [ 1277 00] boot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31272 Apr 19 2025 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Apr 19 2025 [ 1295 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 20048 Apr 19 2025 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2092 Apr 19 2025 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2816 Apr 19 2025 [ 1309 00] cat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3872 Apr 19 2025 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3336 Apr 19 2025 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2440 Apr 19 2025 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 Apr 19 2025 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2752 Apr 19 2025 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3396 Apr 19 2025 [ 1320 00] chain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2944 Apr 19 2025 [ 1322 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1164 Apr 19 2025 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1824 Apr 19 2025 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2208 Apr 19 2025 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4580 Apr 19 2025 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3931 Apr 19 2025 [ 1331 00] command.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 Apr 19 2025 [ 1333 00] configfile.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2744 Apr 19 2025 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2980 Apr 19 2025 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1652 Apr 19 2025 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1552 Apr 19 2025 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 Apr 19 2025 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4896 Apr 19 2025 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14720 Apr 19 2025 [ 1345 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3584 Apr 19 2025 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1684 Apr 19 2025 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Apr 19 2025 [ 1356 00] date.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1720 Apr 19 2025 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2148 Apr 19 2025 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 Apr 19 2025 [ 1361 00] disk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9816 Apr 19 2025 [ 1363 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Apr 19 2025 [ 1368 00] div.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 Apr 19 2025 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1768 Apr 19 2025 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5296 Apr 19 2025 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 Apr 19 2025 [ 1376 00] echo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23624 Apr 19 2025 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7644 Apr 19 2025 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11048 Apr 19 2025 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16128 Apr 19 2025 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5824 Apr 19 2025 [ 1407 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31318 Apr 19 2025 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 Apr 19 2025 [ 1426 00] eval.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5988 Apr 19 2025 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 Apr 19 2025 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6120 Apr 19 2025 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4620 Apr 19 2025 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6628 Apr 19 2025 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6132 Apr 19 2025 [ 1441 00] fat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17100 Apr 19 2025 [ 1444 00] file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13840 Apr 19 2025 [ 1453 00] font.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Apr 19 2025 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 Apr 19 2025 [ 1462 00] fs.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2924 Apr 19 2025 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34144 Apr 19 2025 [ 1465 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 Apr 19 2025 [ 1482 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7976 Apr 19 2025 [ 1483 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33532 Apr 19 2025 [ 1487 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16304 Apr 19 2025 [ 1504 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10516 Apr 19 2025 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19084 Apr 19 2025 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2180 Apr 19 2025 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2872 Apr 19 2025 [ 1530 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3024 Apr 19 2025 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3632 Apr 19 2025 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2260 Apr 19 2025 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19300 Apr 19 2025 [ 1538 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8200 Apr 19 2025 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1960 Apr 19 2025 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14772 Apr 19 2025 [ 1554 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17740 Apr 19 2025 [ 1562 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8536 Apr 19 2025 [ 1571 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4324 Apr 19 2025 [ 1576 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7724 Apr 19 2025 [ 1579 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13472 Apr 19 2025 [ 1583 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36800 Apr 19 2025 [ 1590 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24504 Apr 19 2025 [ 1608 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25096 Apr 19 2025 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5600 Apr 19 2025 [ 1633 00] geli.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4892 Apr 19 2025 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 39012 Apr 19 2025 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9872 Apr 19 2025 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Apr 19 2025 [ 1664 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4888 Apr 19 2025 [ 1666 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Apr 19 2025 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8744 Apr 19 2025 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4616 Apr 19 2025 [ 1676 00] halt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5164 Apr 19 2025 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6504 Apr 19 2025 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1140 Apr 19 2025 [ 1686 00] hello.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2584 Apr 19 2025 [ 1687 00] help.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 Apr 19 2025 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6856 Apr 19 2025 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8116 Apr 19 2025 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2972 Apr 19 2025 [ 1699 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5820 Apr 19 2025 [ 1701 00] http.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 Apr 19 2025 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2780 Apr 19 2025 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9252 Apr 19 2025 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6404 Apr 19 2025 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7804 Apr 19 2025 [ 1717 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4268 Apr 19 2025 [ 1721 00] json.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4968 Apr 19 2025 [ 1724 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 Apr 19 2025 [ 1727 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6260 Apr 19 2025 [ 1728 00] ldm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14396 Apr 19 2025 [ 1732 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30056 Apr 19 2025 [ 1740 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13504 Apr 19 2025 [ 1755 00] linux.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5516 Apr 19 2025 [ 1762 00] linux16.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5744 Apr 19 2025 [ 1765 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3312 Apr 19 2025 [ 1768 00] loopback.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3868 Apr 19 2025 [ 1770 00] ls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4740 Apr 19 2025 [ 1772 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2236 Apr 19 2025 [ 1775 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1792 Apr 19 2025 [ 1777 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4768 Apr 19 2025 [ 1778 00] lspci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3924 Apr 19 2025 [ 1781 00] luks.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14300 Apr 19 2025 [ 1783 00] luks2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8512 Apr 19 2025 [ 1790 00] lvm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4816 Apr 19 2025 [ 1795 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3212 Apr 19 2025 [ 1798 00] macbless.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7376 Apr 19 2025 [ 1800 00] macho.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2020 Apr 19 2025 [ 1804 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2104 Apr 19 2025 [ 1805 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1964 Apr 19 2025 [ 1807 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1880 Apr 19 2025 [ 1808 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Apr 19 2025 [ 1809 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Apr 19 2025 [ 1811 00] memrw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3568 Apr 19 2025 [ 1813 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3592 Apr 19 2025 [ 1815 00] minix.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3724 Apr 19 2025 [ 1817 00] minix2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3864 Apr 19 2025 [ 1819 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3648 Apr 19 2025 [ 1821 00] minix3.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3816 Apr 19 2025 [ 1823 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3732 Apr 19 2025 [ 1825 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8480 Apr 19 2025 [ 1827 00] mmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5791 Apr 19 2025 [ 1832 00] moddep.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2621 Apr 19 2025 [ 1835 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2316 Apr 19 2025 [ 1837 00] morse.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27464 Apr 19 2025 [ 1839 00] mpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2392 Apr 19 2025 [ 1853 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1972 Apr 19 2025 [ 1855 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14892 Apr 19 2025 [ 1856 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15924 Apr 19 2025 [ 1864 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4148 Apr 19 2025 [ 1872 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 59412 Apr 19 2025 [ 1875 00] net.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3152 Apr 19 2025 [ 1905 00] newc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6732 Apr 19 2025 [ 1907 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 115084 Apr 19 2025 [ 1911 00] normal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10632 Apr 19 2025 [ 1968 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4308 Apr 19 2025 [ 1974 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2504 Apr 19 2025 [ 1977 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2964 Apr 19 2025 [ 1979 00] odc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1444 Apr 19 2025 [ 1981 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10288 Apr 19 2025 [ 1982 00] ohci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Apr 19 2025 [ 1988 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 Apr 19 2025 [ 1989 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 Apr 19 2025 [ 1990 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Apr 19 2025 [ 1992 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1712 Apr 19 2025 [ 1994 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 Apr 19 2025 [ 1995 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 Apr 19 2025 [ 1996 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 Apr 19 2025 [ 1998 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 Apr 19 2025 [ 2000 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1436 Apr 19 2025 [ 2001 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Apr 19 2025 [ 2002 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 Apr 19 2025 [ 2003 00] partmap.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 Apr 19 2025 [ 2004 00] parttool.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4632 Apr 19 2025 [ 2005 00] parttool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Apr 19 2025 [ 2008 00] password.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2732 Apr 19 2025 [ 2009 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4808 Apr 19 2025 [ 2011 00] pata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1312 Apr 19 2025 [ 2014 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 Apr 19 2025 [ 2015 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 Apr 19 2025 [ 2017 00] pci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 Apr 19 2025 [ 2018 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11388 Apr 19 2025 [ 2020 00] pgp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7260 Apr 19 2025 [ 2026 00] plainmount.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6268 Apr 19 2025 [ 2030 00] plan9.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 Apr 19 2025 [ 2034 00] play.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7984 Apr 19 2025 [ 2036 00] png.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1512 Apr 19 2025 [ 2040 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3500 Apr 19 2025 [ 2041 00] probe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 Apr 19 2025 [ 2043 00] procfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 Apr 19 2025 [ 2045 00] progress.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3672 Apr 19 2025 [ 2047 00] pxe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 Apr 19 2025 [ 2049 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1288 Apr 19 2025 [ 2051 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Apr 19 2025 [ 2052 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 Apr 19 2025 [ 2054 00] random.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 Apr 19 2025 [ 2056 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1764 Apr 19 2025 [ 2057 00] read.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1628 Apr 19 2025 [ 2058 00] reboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50888 Apr 19 2025 [ 2059 00] regexp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8664 Apr 19 2025 [ 2084 00] reiserfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15036 Apr 19 2025 [ 2089 00] relocator.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4080 Apr 19 2025 [ 2097 00] romfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 Apr 19 2025 [ 2099 00] scsi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3688 Apr 19 2025 [ 2102 00] search.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3128 Apr 19 2025 [ 2104 00] search_fs_file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 Apr 19 2025 [ 2106 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 Apr 19 2025 [ 2108 00] search_label.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6996 Apr 19 2025 [ 2110 00] sendkey.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9948 Apr 19 2025 [ 2114 00] serial.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 Apr 19 2025 [ 2119 00] setjmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 Apr 19 2025 [ 2120 00] setjmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 Apr 19 2025 [ 2121 00] setpci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5100 Apr 19 2025 [ 2124 00] sfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2424 Apr 19 2025 [ 2127 00] shift_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6360 Apr 19 2025 [ 2129 00] signature_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 Apr 19 2025 [ 2133 00] sleep.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2312 Apr 19 2025 [ 2135 00] sleep_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 Apr 19 2025 [ 2137 00] smbios.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2008 Apr 19 2025 [ 2140 00] spkmodem.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7200 Apr 19 2025 [ 2141 00] squash4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 Apr 19 2025 [ 2145 00] strtoull_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17344 Apr 19 2025 [ 2147 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 Apr 19 2025 [ 2156 00] tar.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 Apr 19 2025 [ 2158 00] terminal.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 Apr 19 2025 [ 2159 00] terminal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12212 Apr 19 2025 [ 2162 00] terminfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 Apr 19 2025 [ 2168 00] test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 Apr 19 2025 [ 2171 00] test_blockarg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2712 Apr 19 2025 [ 2172 00] testload.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2244 Apr 19 2025 [ 2174 00] testspeed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5360 Apr 19 2025 [ 2176 00] tftp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 Apr 19 2025 [ 2179 00] tga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Apr 19 2025 [ 2182 00] time.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2320 Apr 19 2025 [ 2183 00] tr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1656 Apr 19 2025 [ 2185 00] trig.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 Apr 19 2025 [ 2186 00] true.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3556 Apr 19 2025 [ 2187 00] truecrypt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8784 Apr 19 2025 [ 2189 00] udf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5236 Apr 19 2025 [ 2194 00] ufs1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5652 Apr 19 2025 [ 2197 00] ufs1_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5348 Apr 19 2025 [ 2200 00] ufs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6492 Apr 19 2025 [ 2203 00] uhci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10368 Apr 19 2025 [ 2207 00] usb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Apr 19 2025 [ 2213 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6936 Apr 19 2025 [ 2215 00] usbms.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 Apr 19 2025 [ 2219 00] usbserial_common.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 Apr 19 2025 [ 2220 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 Apr 19 2025 [ 2222 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 Apr 19 2025 [ 2224 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3560 Apr 19 2025 [ 2225 00] usbtest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9684 Apr 19 2025 [ 2227 00] vbe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 Apr 19 2025 [ 2232 00] verifiers.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4940 Apr 19 2025 [ 2234 00] vga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2128 Apr 19 2025 [ 2237 00] vga_text.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 Apr 19 2025 [ 2239 00] video.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5928 Apr 19 2025 [ 2240 00] video.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5548 Apr 19 2025 [ 2243 00] video_bochs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6020 Apr 19 2025 [ 2246 00] video_cirrus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5612 Apr 19 2025 [ 2249 00] video_colors.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21312 Apr 19 2025 [ 2252 00] video_fb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3976 Apr 19 2025 [ 2263 00] videoinfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 Apr 19 2025 [ 2265 00] videotest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Apr 19 2025 [ 2268 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 Apr 19 2025 [ 2270 00] wrmsr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8196 Apr 19 2025 [ 2271 00] xfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27288 Apr 19 2025 [ 2276 00] xnu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 Apr 19 2025 [ 2290 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 Apr 19 2025 [ 2292 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14940 Apr 19 2025 [ 2293 00] xzio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40876 Apr 19 2025 [ 2301 00] zfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5468 Apr 19 2025 [ 2321 00] zfscrypt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 Apr 19 2025 [ 2324 00] zfsinfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45736 Apr 19 2025 [ 2328 00] zstd.mod \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 43 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 43 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 44 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 44 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,298 +1,298 @@\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2026-05-23 01:35:47.000000 .\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2026-05-23 01:35:47.000000 boot\n-dr-xr-xr-x 6 0 0 2048 2026-05-23 01:35:47.000000 boot/grub\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2026-05-23 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boot/grub/i386-pc/pxe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pxechain.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1288 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/raid5rec.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/raid6rec.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/random.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/rdmsr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1764 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/read.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1628 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/reboot.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50888 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/regexp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8664 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/reiserfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15036 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/relocator.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4080 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/romfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/scsi.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3688 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3128 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_fs_file.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_fs_uuid.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_label.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6996 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sendkey.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9948 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/serial.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setjmp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setjmp_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setpci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5100 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2424 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/shift_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6360 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/signature_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2312 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/smbios.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2008 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/spkmodem.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7200 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/squash4.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/strtoull_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17344 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/syslinuxcfg.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tar.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12212 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test_blockarg.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2712 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testload.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2244 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testspeed.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5360 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tftp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/time.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2320 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1656 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/trig.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/true.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3556 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/truecrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8784 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/udf.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5236 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5652 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1_be.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5348 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs2.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6492 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/uhci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10368 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb_keyboard.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6936 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbms.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_common.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_ftdi.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_pl2303.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_usbdebug.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3560 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbtest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9684 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vbe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/verifiers.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4940 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2128 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga_text.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5928 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5548 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_bochs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6020 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_cirrus.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5612 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_colors.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21312 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3976 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8196 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27288 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14940 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40876 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5468 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45736 2025-04-19 18:28:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 May 23 2026 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 May 23 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 Apr 19 2025 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Apr 19 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 May 23 2026 [ 24 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 3588 May 23 2026 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4328 May 23 2026 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 552 May 23 2026 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2672 May 23 2026 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3200 May 23 2026 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 836 May 23 2026 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5056 May 23 2026 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 240 May 23 2026 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 500 May 23 2026 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1664 May 23 2026 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2024 May 23 2026 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2708 May 23 2026 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 756 May 23 2026 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3620 May 23 2026 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2532 May 23 2026 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1156 May 23 2026 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2024 May 23 2026 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1084 May 23 2026 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1188 May 23 2026 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12580 May 23 2026 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1064 May 23 2026 [ 86 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9264 May 23 2026 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1108 May 23 2026 [ 92 00] bufio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1364 May 23 2026 [ 93 00] cat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1860 May 23 2026 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1184 May 23 2026 [ 95 00] cbls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 May 23 2026 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 544 May 23 2026 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1116 May 23 2026 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1576 May 23 2026 [ 99 00] chain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1164 May 23 2026 [ 100 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 568 May 23 2026 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 860 May 23 2026 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1016 May 23 2026 [ 103 00] cmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1788 May 23 2026 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1476 May 23 2026 [ 105 00] command.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 852 May 23 2026 [ 106 00] configfi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1332 May 23 2026 [ 107 00] cpio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1488 May 23 2026 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 724 May 23 2026 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 784 May 23 2026 [ 110 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 420 May 23 2026 [ 111 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2320 May 23 2026 [ 112 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6784 May 23 2026 [ 114 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1480 May 23 2026 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 816 May 23 2026 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1028 May 23 2026 [ 120 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 716 May 23 2026 [ 121 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1100 May 23 2026 [ 122 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1308 May 23 2026 [ 123 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5284 May 23 2026 [ 124 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 508 May 23 2026 [ 127 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2236 May 23 2026 [ 128 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 844 May 23 2026 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2416 May 23 2026 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 892 May 23 2026 [ 133 00] echo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9388 May 23 2026 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3196 May 23 2026 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3740 May 23 2026 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6056 May 23 2026 [ 143 00] ehci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2472 May 23 2026 [ 146 00] elf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 48364 May 23 2026 [ 148 00] eltorito.img;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 656 May 23 2026 [ 172 00] eval.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3380 May 23 2026 [ 173 00] exfat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 560 May 23 2026 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3248 May 23 2026 [ 176 00] ext2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2436 May 23 2026 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3496 May 23 2026 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3584 May 23 2026 [ 182 00] fat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5856 May 23 2026 [ 184 00] file.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6588 May 23 2026 [ 187 00] font.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1164 May 23 2026 [ 191 00] freedos.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 208 May 23 2026 [ 192 00] fs.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 May 23 2026 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8520 May 23 2026 [ 194 00] function.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 792 May 23 2026 [ 199 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5516 May 23 2026 [ 200 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8428 May 23 2026 [ 203 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10644 May 23 2026 [ 208 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8612 May 23 2026 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4080 May 23 2026 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 944 May 23 2026 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1512 May 23 2026 [ 222 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1440 May 23 2026 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 May 23 2026 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1308 May 23 2026 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7600 May 23 2026 [ 226 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2732 May 23 2026 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 892 May 23 2026 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4508 May 23 2026 [ 233 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5336 May 23 2026 [ 236 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3156 May 23 2026 [ 239 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2088 May 23 2026 [ 241 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2956 May 23 2026 [ 243 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10688 May 23 2026 [ 245 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9848 May 23 2026 [ 251 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6056 May 23 2026 [ 256 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3780 May 23 2026 [ 259 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2552 May 23 2026 [ 261 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2132 May 23 2026 [ 263 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15588 May 23 2026 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3880 May 23 2026 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 May 23 2026 [ 275 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1852 May 23 2026 [ 276 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1816 May 23 2026 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4504 May 23 2026 [ 278 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2196 May 23 2026 [ 281 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2132 May 23 2026 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2888 May 23 2026 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 496 May 23 2026 [ 287 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1264 May 23 2026 [ 288 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1452 May 23 2026 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3744 May 23 2026 [ 290 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4160 May 23 2026 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1536 May 23 2026 [ 295 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2728 May 23 2026 [ 296 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1168 May 23 2026 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 May 23 2026 [ 299 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4744 May 23 2026 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3464 May 23 2026 [ 303 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4004 May 23 2026 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2532 May 23 2026 [ 307 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1404 May 23 2026 [ 309 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 772 May 23 2026 [ 310 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2908 May 23 2026 [ 311 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 908 May 23 2026 [ 313 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11064 May 23 2026 [ 314 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6148 May 23 2026 [ 320 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2616 May 23 2026 [ 324 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2828 May 23 2026 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1516 May 23 2026 [ 328 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1688 May 23 2026 [ 329 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2072 May 23 2026 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 May 23 2026 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 812 May 23 2026 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 May 23 2026 [ 334 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1828 May 23 2026 [ 335 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6016 May 23 2026 [ 336 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3964 May 23 2026 [ 339 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2716 May 23 2026 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1600 May 23 2026 [ 343 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3240 May 23 2026 [ 344 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 976 May 23 2026 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 940 May 23 2026 [ 347 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 964 May 23 2026 [ 348 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 916 May 23 2026 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 May 23 2026 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 May 23 2026 [ 351 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1568 May 23 2026 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2012 May 23 2026 [ 353 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2108 May 23 2026 [ 354 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2172 May 23 2026 [ 356 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2056 May 23 2026 [ 358 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2132 May 23 2026 [ 360 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2080 May 23 2026 [ 362 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4136 May 23 2026 [ 364 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 May 23 2026 [ 367 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1288 May 23 2026 [ 369 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 716 May 23 2026 [ 370 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12576 May 23 2026 [ 371 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1080 May 23 2026 [ 378 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 948 May 23 2026 [ 379 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6708 May 23 2026 [ 380 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7072 May 23 2026 [ 384 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 May 23 2026 [ 388 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 25584 May 23 2026 [ 389 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1548 May 23 2026 [ 402 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3360 May 23 2026 [ 403 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 44812 May 23 2026 [ 405 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5776 May 23 2026 [ 427 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2480 May 23 2026 [ 430 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1076 May 23 2026 [ 432 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1460 May 23 2026 [ 433 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 692 May 23 2026 [ 434 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4448 May 23 2026 [ 435 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 816 May 23 2026 [ 438 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 900 May 23 2026 [ 439 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 May 23 2026 [ 440 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1276 May 23 2026 [ 441 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 860 May 23 2026 [ 442 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 708 May 23 2026 [ 443 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 May 23 2026 [ 444 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1204 May 23 2026 [ 445 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 852 May 23 2026 [ 446 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 732 May 23 2026 [ 447 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 776 May 23 2026 [ 448 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 120 May 23 2026 [ 449 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 72 May 23 2026 [ 450 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2096 May 23 2026 [ 451 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 836 May 23 2026 [ 453 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1304 May 23 2026 [ 454 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2340 May 23 2026 [ 455 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 688 May 23 2026 [ 457 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 928 May 23 2026 [ 458 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 724 May 23 2026 [ 459 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 May 23 2026 [ 460 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4752 May 23 2026 [ 461 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3132 May 23 2026 [ 464 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3028 May 23 2026 [ 466 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1224 May 23 2026 [ 468 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4096 May 23 2026 [ 469 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 800 May 23 2026 [ 471 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1472 May 23 2026 [ 472 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 964 May 23 2026 [ 473 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 May 23 2026 [ 474 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1552 May 23 2026 [ 475 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1136 May 23 2026 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 700 May 23 2026 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1228 May 23 2026 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1752 May 23 2026 [ 479 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 852 May 23 2026 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 780 May 23 2026 [ 481 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 740 May 23 2026 [ 482 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27008 May 23 2026 [ 483 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4280 May 23 2026 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6712 May 23 2026 [ 500 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2160 May 23 2026 [ 504 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2280 May 23 2026 [ 506 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1424 May 23 2026 [ 508 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1520 May 23 2026 [ 509 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1616 May 23 2026 [ 510 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1524 May 23 2026 [ 511 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2584 May 23 2026 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4248 May 23 2026 [ 514 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 304 May 23 2026 [ 517 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 680 May 23 2026 [ 518 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2212 May 23 2026 [ 519 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2612 May 23 2026 [ 521 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 May 23 2026 [ 523 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4272 May 23 2026 [ 524 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 916 May 23 2026 [ 527 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 May 23 2026 [ 528 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2340 May 23 2026 [ 529 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 808 May 23 2026 [ 531 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3796 May 23 2026 [ 532 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 920 May 23 2026 [ 534 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7216 May 23 2026 [ 535 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1724 May 23 2026 [ 539 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 168 May 23 2026 [ 540 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1784 May 23 2026 [ 541 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5148 May 23 2026 [ 542 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2320 May 23 2026 [ 545 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 580 May 23 2026 [ 547 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1252 May 23 2026 [ 548 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1024 May 23 2026 [ 549 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2324 May 23 2026 [ 550 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1804 May 23 2026 [ 552 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 688 May 23 2026 [ 553 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1084 May 23 2026 [ 554 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 788 May 23 2026 [ 555 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 504 May 23 2026 [ 556 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1556 May 23 2026 [ 557 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4532 May 23 2026 [ 558 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2656 May 23 2026 [ 561 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2880 May 23 2026 [ 563 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2756 May 23 2026 [ 565 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2976 May 23 2026 [ 567 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5164 May 23 2026 [ 569 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1812 May 23 2026 [ 572 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2808 May 23 2026 [ 573 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 964 May 23 2026 [ 575 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1008 May 23 2026 [ 576 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1064 May 23 2026 [ 577 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 620 May 23 2026 [ 578 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1788 May 23 2026 [ 579 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4100 May 23 2026 [ 580 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1288 May 23 2026 [ 583 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1892 May 23 2026 [ 584 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1016 May 23 2026 [ 585 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 88 May 23 2026 [ 586 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2312 May 23 2026 [ 587 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 May 23 2026 [ 589 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2328 May 23 2026 [ 591 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2276 May 23 2026 [ 593 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9336 May 23 2026 [ 595 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1708 May 23 2026 [ 600 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1656 May 23 2026 [ 601 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 888 May 23 2026 [ 602 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 728 May 23 2026 [ 603 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4088 May 23 2026 [ 604 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11332 May 23 2026 [ 606 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 972 May 23 2026 [ 612 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 812 May 23 2026 [ 613 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8084 May 23 2026 [ 614 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19132 May 23 2026 [ 618 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2728 May 23 2026 [ 628 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2540 May 23 2026 [ 630 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19312 May 23 2026 [ 632 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Apr 19 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 3588 Apr 19 2025 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4328 Apr 19 2025 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 552 Apr 19 2025 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2672 Apr 19 2025 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3200 Apr 19 2025 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 836 Apr 19 2025 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5056 Apr 19 2025 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 240 Apr 19 2025 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 500 Apr 19 2025 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1664 Apr 19 2025 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2024 Apr 19 2025 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2708 Apr 19 2025 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 756 Apr 19 2025 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3620 Apr 19 2025 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2532 Apr 19 2025 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1156 Apr 19 2025 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2024 Apr 19 2025 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1084 Apr 19 2025 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1188 Apr 19 2025 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12580 Apr 19 2025 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1064 Apr 19 2025 [ 86 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9264 Apr 19 2025 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1108 Apr 19 2025 [ 92 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1364 Apr 19 2025 [ 93 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1860 Apr 19 2025 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1184 Apr 19 2025 [ 95 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Apr 19 2025 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 544 Apr 19 2025 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1116 Apr 19 2025 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1576 Apr 19 2025 [ 99 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 Apr 19 2025 [ 100 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 568 Apr 19 2025 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 860 Apr 19 2025 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1016 Apr 19 2025 [ 103 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1788 Apr 19 2025 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1476 Apr 19 2025 [ 105 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 852 Apr 19 2025 [ 106 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1332 Apr 19 2025 [ 107 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1488 Apr 19 2025 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 724 Apr 19 2025 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 784 Apr 19 2025 [ 110 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 420 Apr 19 2025 [ 111 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2320 Apr 19 2025 [ 112 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6784 Apr 19 2025 [ 114 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1480 Apr 19 2025 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 816 Apr 19 2025 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1028 Apr 19 2025 [ 120 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 716 Apr 19 2025 [ 121 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1100 Apr 19 2025 [ 122 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1308 Apr 19 2025 [ 123 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5284 Apr 19 2025 [ 124 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 508 Apr 19 2025 [ 127 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2236 Apr 19 2025 [ 128 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 844 Apr 19 2025 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2416 Apr 19 2025 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 892 Apr 19 2025 [ 133 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9388 Apr 19 2025 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3196 Apr 19 2025 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3740 Apr 19 2025 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6056 Apr 19 2025 [ 143 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2472 Apr 19 2025 [ 146 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 48364 Apr 19 2025 [ 148 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 656 Apr 19 2025 [ 172 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3380 Apr 19 2025 [ 173 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 560 Apr 19 2025 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3248 Apr 19 2025 [ 176 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2436 Apr 19 2025 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3496 Apr 19 2025 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3584 Apr 19 2025 [ 182 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5856 Apr 19 2025 [ 184 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6588 Apr 19 2025 [ 187 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 Apr 19 2025 [ 191 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 208 Apr 19 2025 [ 192 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 Apr 19 2025 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8520 Apr 19 2025 [ 194 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 792 Apr 19 2025 [ 199 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5516 Apr 19 2025 [ 200 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8428 Apr 19 2025 [ 203 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10644 Apr 19 2025 [ 208 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8612 Apr 19 2025 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4080 Apr 19 2025 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 944 Apr 19 2025 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1512 Apr 19 2025 [ 222 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1440 Apr 19 2025 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Apr 19 2025 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1308 Apr 19 2025 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7600 Apr 19 2025 [ 226 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2732 Apr 19 2025 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 892 Apr 19 2025 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4508 Apr 19 2025 [ 233 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5336 Apr 19 2025 [ 236 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3156 Apr 19 2025 [ 239 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2088 Apr 19 2025 [ 241 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2956 Apr 19 2025 [ 243 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10688 Apr 19 2025 [ 245 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9848 Apr 19 2025 [ 251 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6056 Apr 19 2025 [ 256 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3780 Apr 19 2025 [ 259 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2552 Apr 19 2025 [ 261 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2132 Apr 19 2025 [ 263 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15588 Apr 19 2025 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3880 Apr 19 2025 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Apr 19 2025 [ 275 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1852 Apr 19 2025 [ 276 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1816 Apr 19 2025 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4504 Apr 19 2025 [ 278 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2196 Apr 19 2025 [ 281 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2132 Apr 19 2025 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2888 Apr 19 2025 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 496 Apr 19 2025 [ 287 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1264 Apr 19 2025 [ 288 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1452 Apr 19 2025 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3744 Apr 19 2025 [ 290 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4160 Apr 19 2025 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1536 Apr 19 2025 [ 295 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2728 Apr 19 2025 [ 296 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1168 Apr 19 2025 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Apr 19 2025 [ 299 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4744 Apr 19 2025 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3464 Apr 19 2025 [ 303 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4004 Apr 19 2025 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2532 Apr 19 2025 [ 307 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1404 Apr 19 2025 [ 309 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 772 Apr 19 2025 [ 310 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2908 Apr 19 2025 [ 311 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 908 Apr 19 2025 [ 313 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11064 Apr 19 2025 [ 314 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6148 Apr 19 2025 [ 320 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2616 Apr 19 2025 [ 324 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2828 Apr 19 2025 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1516 Apr 19 2025 [ 328 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1688 Apr 19 2025 [ 329 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2072 Apr 19 2025 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Apr 19 2025 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 812 Apr 19 2025 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 Apr 19 2025 [ 334 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1828 Apr 19 2025 [ 335 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6016 Apr 19 2025 [ 336 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3964 Apr 19 2025 [ 339 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2716 Apr 19 2025 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1600 Apr 19 2025 [ 343 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3240 Apr 19 2025 [ 344 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 976 Apr 19 2025 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 940 Apr 19 2025 [ 347 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 964 Apr 19 2025 [ 348 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 916 Apr 19 2025 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Apr 19 2025 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Apr 19 2025 [ 351 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1568 Apr 19 2025 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2012 Apr 19 2025 [ 353 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2108 Apr 19 2025 [ 354 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2172 Apr 19 2025 [ 356 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2056 Apr 19 2025 [ 358 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2132 Apr 19 2025 [ 360 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2080 Apr 19 2025 [ 362 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4136 Apr 19 2025 [ 364 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Apr 19 2025 [ 367 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1288 Apr 19 2025 [ 369 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 716 Apr 19 2025 [ 370 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12576 Apr 19 2025 [ 371 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1080 Apr 19 2025 [ 378 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 948 Apr 19 2025 [ 379 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6708 Apr 19 2025 [ 380 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7072 Apr 19 2025 [ 384 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Apr 19 2025 [ 388 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25584 Apr 19 2025 [ 389 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1548 Apr 19 2025 [ 402 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3360 Apr 19 2025 [ 403 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 44812 Apr 19 2025 [ 405 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5776 Apr 19 2025 [ 427 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2480 Apr 19 2025 [ 430 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1076 Apr 19 2025 [ 432 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1460 Apr 19 2025 [ 433 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 692 Apr 19 2025 [ 434 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4448 Apr 19 2025 [ 435 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 816 Apr 19 2025 [ 438 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 900 Apr 19 2025 [ 439 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Apr 19 2025 [ 440 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1276 Apr 19 2025 [ 441 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 860 Apr 19 2025 [ 442 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 708 Apr 19 2025 [ 443 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Apr 19 2025 [ 444 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1204 Apr 19 2025 [ 445 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 852 Apr 19 2025 [ 446 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 732 Apr 19 2025 [ 447 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 776 Apr 19 2025 [ 448 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 120 Apr 19 2025 [ 449 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 72 Apr 19 2025 [ 450 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2096 Apr 19 2025 [ 451 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 836 Apr 19 2025 [ 453 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1304 Apr 19 2025 [ 454 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2340 Apr 19 2025 [ 455 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 688 Apr 19 2025 [ 457 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 928 Apr 19 2025 [ 458 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 724 Apr 19 2025 [ 459 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Apr 19 2025 [ 460 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4752 Apr 19 2025 [ 461 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3132 Apr 19 2025 [ 464 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3028 Apr 19 2025 [ 466 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1224 Apr 19 2025 [ 468 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4096 Apr 19 2025 [ 469 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 800 Apr 19 2025 [ 471 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1472 Apr 19 2025 [ 472 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 964 Apr 19 2025 [ 473 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Apr 19 2025 [ 474 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1552 Apr 19 2025 [ 475 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1136 Apr 19 2025 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 700 Apr 19 2025 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1228 Apr 19 2025 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1752 Apr 19 2025 [ 479 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 852 Apr 19 2025 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 780 Apr 19 2025 [ 481 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 740 Apr 19 2025 [ 482 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27008 Apr 19 2025 [ 483 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4280 Apr 19 2025 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6712 Apr 19 2025 [ 500 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2160 Apr 19 2025 [ 504 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 Apr 19 2025 [ 506 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1424 Apr 19 2025 [ 508 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1520 Apr 19 2025 [ 509 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1616 Apr 19 2025 [ 510 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1524 Apr 19 2025 [ 511 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2584 Apr 19 2025 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4248 Apr 19 2025 [ 514 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 304 Apr 19 2025 [ 517 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 680 Apr 19 2025 [ 518 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2212 Apr 19 2025 [ 519 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2612 Apr 19 2025 [ 521 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Apr 19 2025 [ 523 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4272 Apr 19 2025 [ 524 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 916 Apr 19 2025 [ 527 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Apr 19 2025 [ 528 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2340 Apr 19 2025 [ 529 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 808 Apr 19 2025 [ 531 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3796 Apr 19 2025 [ 532 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 920 Apr 19 2025 [ 534 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7216 Apr 19 2025 [ 535 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1724 Apr 19 2025 [ 539 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 168 Apr 19 2025 [ 540 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1784 Apr 19 2025 [ 541 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5148 Apr 19 2025 [ 542 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2320 Apr 19 2025 [ 545 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 580 Apr 19 2025 [ 547 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1252 Apr 19 2025 [ 548 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1024 Apr 19 2025 [ 549 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2324 Apr 19 2025 [ 550 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1804 Apr 19 2025 [ 552 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 688 Apr 19 2025 [ 553 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1084 Apr 19 2025 [ 554 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 788 Apr 19 2025 [ 555 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 504 Apr 19 2025 [ 556 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1556 Apr 19 2025 [ 557 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4532 Apr 19 2025 [ 558 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2656 Apr 19 2025 [ 561 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2880 Apr 19 2025 [ 563 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2756 Apr 19 2025 [ 565 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2976 Apr 19 2025 [ 567 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5164 Apr 19 2025 [ 569 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1812 Apr 19 2025 [ 572 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2808 Apr 19 2025 [ 573 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 964 Apr 19 2025 [ 575 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1008 Apr 19 2025 [ 576 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1064 Apr 19 2025 [ 577 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 620 Apr 19 2025 [ 578 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1788 Apr 19 2025 [ 579 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4100 Apr 19 2025 [ 580 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1288 Apr 19 2025 [ 583 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1892 Apr 19 2025 [ 584 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1016 Apr 19 2025 [ 585 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 88 Apr 19 2025 [ 586 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2312 Apr 19 2025 [ 587 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Apr 19 2025 [ 589 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2328 Apr 19 2025 [ 591 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2276 Apr 19 2025 [ 593 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9336 Apr 19 2025 [ 595 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1708 Apr 19 2025 [ 600 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1656 Apr 19 2025 [ 601 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 888 Apr 19 2025 [ 602 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 728 Apr 19 2025 [ 603 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4088 Apr 19 2025 [ 604 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11332 Apr 19 2025 [ 606 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 972 Apr 19 2025 [ 612 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 812 Apr 19 2025 [ 613 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8084 Apr 19 2025 [ 614 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19132 Apr 19 2025 [ 618 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2728 Apr 19 2025 [ 628 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2540 Apr 19 2025 [ 630 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19312 Apr 19 2025 [ 632 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 May 23 2026 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 May 23 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Apr 19 2025 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Apr 19 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 May 23 2026 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 23 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3588 May 23 2026 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4328 May 23 2026 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 552 May 23 2026 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2672 May 23 2026 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3200 May 23 2026 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 May 23 2026 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5056 May 23 2026 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 240 May 23 2026 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 May 23 2026 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1664 May 23 2026 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2024 May 23 2026 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2708 May 23 2026 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 756 May 23 2026 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3620 May 23 2026 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 May 23 2026 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1156 May 23 2026 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2024 May 23 2026 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1084 May 23 2026 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1188 May 23 2026 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12580 May 23 2026 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1064 May 23 2026 [ 86 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9264 May 23 2026 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 May 23 2026 [ 92 00] bufio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1364 May 23 2026 [ 93 00] cat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1860 May 23 2026 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1184 May 23 2026 [ 95 00] cbls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 May 23 2026 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 544 May 23 2026 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1116 May 23 2026 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1576 May 23 2026 [ 99 00] chain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 May 23 2026 [ 100 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 568 May 23 2026 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 May 23 2026 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 May 23 2026 [ 103 00] cmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 May 23 2026 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1476 May 23 2026 [ 105 00] command.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 May 23 2026 [ 106 00] configfile.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1332 May 23 2026 [ 107 00] cpio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1488 May 23 2026 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 May 23 2026 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 784 May 23 2026 [ 110 00] crc64.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 420 May 23 2026 [ 111 00] crypto.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2320 May 23 2026 [ 112 00] crypto.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6784 May 23 2026 [ 114 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1480 May 23 2026 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 May 23 2026 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1028 May 23 2026 [ 120 00] date.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 May 23 2026 [ 121 00] datehook.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1100 May 23 2026 [ 122 00] datetime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1308 May 23 2026 [ 123 00] disk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5284 May 23 2026 [ 124 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 508 May 23 2026 [ 127 00] div.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2236 May 23 2026 [ 128 00] div_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 May 23 2026 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2416 May 23 2026 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 May 23 2026 [ 133 00] echo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9388 May 23 2026 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3196 May 23 2026 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3740 May 23 2026 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 May 23 2026 [ 143 00] ehci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2472 May 23 2026 [ 146 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 48364 May 23 2026 [ 148 00] eltorito.img \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 656 May 23 2026 [ 172 00] eval.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 May 23 2026 [ 173 00] exfat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 560 May 23 2026 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3248 May 23 2026 [ 176 00] ext2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2436 May 23 2026 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3496 May 23 2026 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3584 May 23 2026 [ 182 00] fat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5856 May 23 2026 [ 184 00] file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6588 May 23 2026 [ 187 00] font.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 May 23 2026 [ 191 00] freedos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 208 May 23 2026 [ 192 00] fs.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 May 23 2026 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8520 May 23 2026 [ 194 00] functional_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 792 May 23 2026 [ 199 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5516 May 23 2026 [ 200 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8428 May 23 2026 [ 203 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10644 May 23 2026 [ 208 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8612 May 23 2026 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4080 May 23 2026 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 944 May 23 2026 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1512 May 23 2026 [ 222 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1440 May 23 2026 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1820 May 23 2026 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1308 May 23 2026 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7600 May 23 2026 [ 226 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 May 23 2026 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 May 23 2026 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4508 May 23 2026 [ 233 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5336 May 23 2026 [ 236 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3156 May 23 2026 [ 239 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2088 May 23 2026 [ 241 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2956 May 23 2026 [ 243 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10688 May 23 2026 [ 245 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9848 May 23 2026 [ 251 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 May 23 2026 [ 256 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3780 May 23 2026 [ 259 00] gdb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2552 May 23 2026 [ 261 00] geli.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 May 23 2026 [ 263 00] gettext.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15588 May 23 2026 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3880 May 23 2026 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 May 23 2026 [ 275 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1852 May 23 2026 [ 276 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1816 May 23 2026 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4504 May 23 2026 [ 278 00] gzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2196 May 23 2026 [ 281 00] halt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 May 23 2026 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2888 May 23 2026 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 496 May 23 2026 [ 287 00] hello.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1264 May 23 2026 [ 288 00] help.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1452 May 23 2026 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3744 May 23 2026 [ 290 00] hfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4160 May 23 2026 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 May 23 2026 [ 295 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 May 23 2026 [ 296 00] http.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1168 May 23 2026 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 May 23 2026 [ 299 00] iorw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4744 May 23 2026 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3464 May 23 2026 [ 303 00] jfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4004 May 23 2026 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 May 23 2026 [ 307 00] json.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1404 May 23 2026 [ 309 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 772 May 23 2026 [ 310 00] keystatus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2908 May 23 2026 [ 311 00] ldm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 May 23 2026 [ 313 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11064 May 23 2026 [ 314 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6148 May 23 2026 [ 320 00] linux.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2616 May 23 2026 [ 324 00] linux16.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2828 May 23 2026 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1516 May 23 2026 [ 328 00] loopback.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1688 May 23 2026 [ 329 00] ls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2072 May 23 2026 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 May 23 2026 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 May 23 2026 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 May 23 2026 [ 334 00] lspci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1828 May 23 2026 [ 335 00] luks.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6016 May 23 2026 [ 336 00] luks2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3964 May 23 2026 [ 339 00] lvm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2716 May 23 2026 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1600 May 23 2026 [ 343 00] macbless.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3240 May 23 2026 [ 344 00] macho.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 May 23 2026 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 940 May 23 2026 [ 347 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 May 23 2026 [ 348 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 May 23 2026 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 May 23 2026 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 May 23 2026 [ 351 00] memrw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1568 May 23 2026 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2012 May 23 2026 [ 353 00] minix.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2108 May 23 2026 [ 354 00] minix2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2172 May 23 2026 [ 356 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2056 May 23 2026 [ 358 00] minix3.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 May 23 2026 [ 360 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2080 May 23 2026 [ 362 00] minix_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4136 May 23 2026 [ 364 00] mmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 May 23 2026 [ 367 00] moddep.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 May 23 2026 [ 369 00] modinfo.sh \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 May 23 2026 [ 370 00] morse.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12576 May 23 2026 [ 371 00] mpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 May 23 2026 [ 378 00] msdospart.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 948 May 23 2026 [ 379 00] mul_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6708 May 23 2026 [ 380 00] multiboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7072 May 23 2026 [ 384 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1924 May 23 2026 [ 388 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 25584 May 23 2026 [ 389 00] net.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1548 May 23 2026 [ 402 00] newc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3360 May 23 2026 [ 403 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44812 May 23 2026 [ 405 00] normal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5776 May 23 2026 [ 427 00] ntfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2480 May 23 2026 [ 430 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1076 May 23 2026 [ 432 00] ntldr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1460 May 23 2026 [ 433 00] odc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 692 May 23 2026 [ 434 00] offsetio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4448 May 23 2026 [ 435 00] ohci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 May 23 2026 [ 438 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 900 May 23 2026 [ 439 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 May 23 2026 [ 440 00] part_apple.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1276 May 23 2026 [ 441 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 May 23 2026 [ 442 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 May 23 2026 [ 443 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 May 23 2026 [ 444 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1204 May 23 2026 [ 445 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 May 23 2026 [ 446 00] part_plan.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 732 May 23 2026 [ 447 00] part_sun.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 776 May 23 2026 [ 448 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 120 May 23 2026 [ 449 00] partmap.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 72 May 23 2026 [ 450 00] parttool.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2096 May 23 2026 [ 451 00] parttool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 May 23 2026 [ 453 00] password.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1304 May 23 2026 [ 454 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2340 May 23 2026 [ 455 00] pata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 688 May 23 2026 [ 457 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 May 23 2026 [ 458 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 May 23 2026 [ 459 00] pci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 May 23 2026 [ 460 00] pcidump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4752 May 23 2026 [ 461 00] pgp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3132 May 23 2026 [ 464 00] plainmount.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3028 May 23 2026 [ 466 00] plan9.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1224 May 23 2026 [ 468 00] play.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4096 May 23 2026 [ 469 00] png.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 May 23 2026 [ 471 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1472 May 23 2026 [ 472 00] probe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 May 23 2026 [ 473 00] procfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 May 23 2026 [ 474 00] progress.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1552 May 23 2026 [ 475 00] pxe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 May 23 2026 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 May 23 2026 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1228 May 23 2026 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1752 May 23 2026 [ 479 00] random.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 May 23 2026 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 780 May 23 2026 [ 481 00] read.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 740 May 23 2026 [ 482 00] reboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 27008 May 23 2026 [ 483 00] regexp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4280 May 23 2026 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6712 May 23 2026 [ 500 00] relocator.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2160 May 23 2026 [ 504 00] romfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2280 May 23 2026 [ 506 00] scsi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1424 May 23 2026 [ 508 00] search.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1520 May 23 2026 [ 509 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1616 May 23 2026 [ 510 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1524 May 23 2026 [ 511 00] search_label.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2584 May 23 2026 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4248 May 23 2026 [ 514 00] serial.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 304 May 23 2026 [ 517 00] setjmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 680 May 23 2026 [ 518 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2212 May 23 2026 [ 519 00] setpci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2612 May 23 2026 [ 521 00] sfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 May 23 2026 [ 523 00] shift_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4272 May 23 2026 [ 524 00] signature_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 May 23 2026 [ 527 00] sleep.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 May 23 2026 [ 528 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2340 May 23 2026 [ 529 00] smbios.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 May 23 2026 [ 531 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3796 May 23 2026 [ 532 00] squash4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 920 May 23 2026 [ 534 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7216 May 23 2026 [ 535 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1724 May 23 2026 [ 539 00] tar.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 168 May 23 2026 [ 540 00] terminal.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1784 May 23 2026 [ 541 00] terminal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5148 May 23 2026 [ 542 00] terminfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2320 May 23 2026 [ 545 00] test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 580 May 23 2026 [ 547 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1252 May 23 2026 [ 548 00] testload.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 May 23 2026 [ 549 00] testspeed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2324 May 23 2026 [ 550 00] tftp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1804 May 23 2026 [ 552 00] tga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 688 May 23 2026 [ 553 00] time.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1084 May 23 2026 [ 554 00] tr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 May 23 2026 [ 555 00] trig.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 504 May 23 2026 [ 556 00] true.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1556 May 23 2026 [ 557 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4532 May 23 2026 [ 558 00] udf.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2656 May 23 2026 [ 561 00] ufs1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2880 May 23 2026 [ 563 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2756 May 23 2026 [ 565 00] ufs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2976 May 23 2026 [ 567 00] uhci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5164 May 23 2026 [ 569 00] usb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1812 May 23 2026 [ 572 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2808 May 23 2026 [ 573 00] usbms.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 May 23 2026 [ 575 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1008 May 23 2026 [ 576 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1064 May 23 2026 [ 577 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 620 May 23 2026 [ 578 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 May 23 2026 [ 579 00] usbtest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4100 May 23 2026 [ 580 00] vbe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 May 23 2026 [ 583 00] verifiers.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 May 23 2026 [ 584 00] vga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 May 23 2026 [ 585 00] vga_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 88 May 23 2026 [ 586 00] video.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2312 May 23 2026 [ 587 00] video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 May 23 2026 [ 589 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 May 23 2026 [ 591 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2276 May 23 2026 [ 593 00] video_colors.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9336 May 23 2026 [ 595 00] video_fb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1708 May 23 2026 [ 600 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1656 May 23 2026 [ 601 00] videotest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 May 23 2026 [ 602 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 May 23 2026 [ 603 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4088 May 23 2026 [ 604 00] xfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11332 May 23 2026 [ 606 00] xnu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 May 23 2026 [ 612 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 May 23 2026 [ 613 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8084 May 23 2026 [ 614 00] xzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19132 May 23 2026 [ 618 00] zfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 May 23 2026 [ 628 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2540 May 23 2026 [ 630 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19312 May 23 2026 [ 632 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Apr 19 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3588 Apr 19 2025 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4328 Apr 19 2025 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 552 Apr 19 2025 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2672 Apr 19 2025 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3200 Apr 19 2025 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 Apr 19 2025 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5056 Apr 19 2025 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 240 Apr 19 2025 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 Apr 19 2025 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1664 Apr 19 2025 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2024 Apr 19 2025 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2708 Apr 19 2025 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 756 Apr 19 2025 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3620 Apr 19 2025 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Apr 19 2025 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1156 Apr 19 2025 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2024 Apr 19 2025 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1084 Apr 19 2025 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1188 Apr 19 2025 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12580 Apr 19 2025 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1064 Apr 19 2025 [ 86 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9264 Apr 19 2025 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 Apr 19 2025 [ 92 00] bufio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1364 Apr 19 2025 [ 93 00] cat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1860 Apr 19 2025 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1184 Apr 19 2025 [ 95 00] cbls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Apr 19 2025 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 544 Apr 19 2025 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1116 Apr 19 2025 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1576 Apr 19 2025 [ 99 00] chain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Apr 19 2025 [ 100 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 568 Apr 19 2025 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Apr 19 2025 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 Apr 19 2025 [ 103 00] cmp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 Apr 19 2025 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1476 Apr 19 2025 [ 105 00] command.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Apr 19 2025 [ 106 00] configfile.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1332 Apr 19 2025 [ 107 00] cpio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1488 Apr 19 2025 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Apr 19 2025 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 784 Apr 19 2025 [ 110 00] crc64.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 420 Apr 19 2025 [ 111 00] crypto.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2320 Apr 19 2025 [ 112 00] crypto.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6784 Apr 19 2025 [ 114 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1480 Apr 19 2025 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Apr 19 2025 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1028 Apr 19 2025 [ 120 00] date.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 Apr 19 2025 [ 121 00] datehook.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1100 Apr 19 2025 [ 122 00] datetime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1308 Apr 19 2025 [ 123 00] disk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5284 Apr 19 2025 [ 124 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 508 Apr 19 2025 [ 127 00] div.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2236 Apr 19 2025 [ 128 00] div_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 Apr 19 2025 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2416 Apr 19 2025 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Apr 19 2025 [ 133 00] echo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9388 Apr 19 2025 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3196 Apr 19 2025 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3740 Apr 19 2025 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 Apr 19 2025 [ 143 00] ehci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2472 Apr 19 2025 [ 146 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 48364 Apr 19 2025 [ 148 00] eltorito.img \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 656 Apr 19 2025 [ 172 00] eval.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 Apr 19 2025 [ 173 00] exfat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 560 Apr 19 2025 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3248 Apr 19 2025 [ 176 00] ext2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2436 Apr 19 2025 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3496 Apr 19 2025 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3584 Apr 19 2025 [ 182 00] fat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5856 Apr 19 2025 [ 184 00] file.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6588 Apr 19 2025 [ 187 00] font.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Apr 19 2025 [ 191 00] freedos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 208 Apr 19 2025 [ 192 00] fs.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Apr 19 2025 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8520 Apr 19 2025 [ 194 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 792 Apr 19 2025 [ 199 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5516 Apr 19 2025 [ 200 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8428 Apr 19 2025 [ 203 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10644 Apr 19 2025 [ 208 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8612 Apr 19 2025 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4080 Apr 19 2025 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 944 Apr 19 2025 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1512 Apr 19 2025 [ 222 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1440 Apr 19 2025 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1820 Apr 19 2025 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1308 Apr 19 2025 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7600 Apr 19 2025 [ 226 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 Apr 19 2025 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Apr 19 2025 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4508 Apr 19 2025 [ 233 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5336 Apr 19 2025 [ 236 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3156 Apr 19 2025 [ 239 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2088 Apr 19 2025 [ 241 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2956 Apr 19 2025 [ 243 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10688 Apr 19 2025 [ 245 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9848 Apr 19 2025 [ 251 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 Apr 19 2025 [ 256 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3780 Apr 19 2025 [ 259 00] gdb.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2552 Apr 19 2025 [ 261 00] geli.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Apr 19 2025 [ 263 00] gettext.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15588 Apr 19 2025 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3880 Apr 19 2025 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Apr 19 2025 [ 275 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1852 Apr 19 2025 [ 276 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1816 Apr 19 2025 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4504 Apr 19 2025 [ 278 00] gzio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2196 Apr 19 2025 [ 281 00] halt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Apr 19 2025 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2888 Apr 19 2025 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 496 Apr 19 2025 [ 287 00] hello.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1264 Apr 19 2025 [ 288 00] help.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1452 Apr 19 2025 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3744 Apr 19 2025 [ 290 00] hfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4160 Apr 19 2025 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 Apr 19 2025 [ 295 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 Apr 19 2025 [ 296 00] http.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1168 Apr 19 2025 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Apr 19 2025 [ 299 00] iorw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4744 Apr 19 2025 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3464 Apr 19 2025 [ 303 00] jfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4004 Apr 19 2025 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Apr 19 2025 [ 307 00] json.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1404 Apr 19 2025 [ 309 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 772 Apr 19 2025 [ 310 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2908 Apr 19 2025 [ 311 00] ldm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 Apr 19 2025 [ 313 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11064 Apr 19 2025 [ 314 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6148 Apr 19 2025 [ 320 00] linux.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2616 Apr 19 2025 [ 324 00] linux16.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2828 Apr 19 2025 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1516 Apr 19 2025 [ 328 00] loopback.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1688 Apr 19 2025 [ 329 00] ls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2072 Apr 19 2025 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Apr 19 2025 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Apr 19 2025 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Apr 19 2025 [ 334 00] lspci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1828 Apr 19 2025 [ 335 00] luks.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6016 Apr 19 2025 [ 336 00] luks2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3964 Apr 19 2025 [ 339 00] lvm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2716 Apr 19 2025 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1600 Apr 19 2025 [ 343 00] macbless.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3240 Apr 19 2025 [ 344 00] macho.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Apr 19 2025 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 940 Apr 19 2025 [ 347 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 Apr 19 2025 [ 348 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Apr 19 2025 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Apr 19 2025 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Apr 19 2025 [ 351 00] memrw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1568 Apr 19 2025 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2012 Apr 19 2025 [ 353 00] minix.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2108 Apr 19 2025 [ 354 00] minix2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2172 Apr 19 2025 [ 356 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2056 Apr 19 2025 [ 358 00] minix3.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Apr 19 2025 [ 360 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2080 Apr 19 2025 [ 362 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4136 Apr 19 2025 [ 364 00] mmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Apr 19 2025 [ 367 00] moddep.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 Apr 19 2025 [ 369 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 Apr 19 2025 [ 370 00] morse.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12576 Apr 19 2025 [ 371 00] mpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Apr 19 2025 [ 378 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 948 Apr 19 2025 [ 379 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6708 Apr 19 2025 [ 380 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7072 Apr 19 2025 [ 384 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1924 Apr 19 2025 [ 388 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 25584 Apr 19 2025 [ 389 00] net.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1548 Apr 19 2025 [ 402 00] newc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3360 Apr 19 2025 [ 403 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44812 Apr 19 2025 [ 405 00] normal.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5776 Apr 19 2025 [ 427 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2480 Apr 19 2025 [ 430 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1076 Apr 19 2025 [ 432 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1460 Apr 19 2025 [ 433 00] odc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 692 Apr 19 2025 [ 434 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4448 Apr 19 2025 [ 435 00] ohci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Apr 19 2025 [ 438 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 900 Apr 19 2025 [ 439 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Apr 19 2025 [ 440 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1276 Apr 19 2025 [ 441 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Apr 19 2025 [ 442 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 Apr 19 2025 [ 443 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Apr 19 2025 [ 444 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1204 Apr 19 2025 [ 445 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Apr 19 2025 [ 446 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 732 Apr 19 2025 [ 447 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 776 Apr 19 2025 [ 448 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 120 Apr 19 2025 [ 449 00] partmap.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 72 Apr 19 2025 [ 450 00] parttool.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2096 Apr 19 2025 [ 451 00] parttool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 Apr 19 2025 [ 453 00] password.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1304 Apr 19 2025 [ 454 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2340 Apr 19 2025 [ 455 00] pata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 688 Apr 19 2025 [ 457 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 Apr 19 2025 [ 458 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Apr 19 2025 [ 459 00] pci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Apr 19 2025 [ 460 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4752 Apr 19 2025 [ 461 00] pgp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3132 Apr 19 2025 [ 464 00] plainmount.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3028 Apr 19 2025 [ 466 00] plan9.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1224 Apr 19 2025 [ 468 00] play.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4096 Apr 19 2025 [ 469 00] png.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Apr 19 2025 [ 471 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1472 Apr 19 2025 [ 472 00] probe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 Apr 19 2025 [ 473 00] procfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Apr 19 2025 [ 474 00] progress.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1552 Apr 19 2025 [ 475 00] pxe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 Apr 19 2025 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 Apr 19 2025 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1228 Apr 19 2025 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1752 Apr 19 2025 [ 479 00] random.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Apr 19 2025 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 780 Apr 19 2025 [ 481 00] read.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 740 Apr 19 2025 [ 482 00] reboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 27008 Apr 19 2025 [ 483 00] regexp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4280 Apr 19 2025 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6712 Apr 19 2025 [ 500 00] relocator.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2160 Apr 19 2025 [ 504 00] romfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2280 Apr 19 2025 [ 506 00] scsi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1424 Apr 19 2025 [ 508 00] search.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1520 Apr 19 2025 [ 509 00] search_fs_file.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1616 Apr 19 2025 [ 510 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1524 Apr 19 2025 [ 511 00] search_label.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2584 Apr 19 2025 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4248 Apr 19 2025 [ 514 00] serial.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 304 Apr 19 2025 [ 517 00] setjmp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 680 Apr 19 2025 [ 518 00] setjmp_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2212 Apr 19 2025 [ 519 00] setpci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2612 Apr 19 2025 [ 521 00] sfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Apr 19 2025 [ 523 00] shift_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4272 Apr 19 2025 [ 524 00] signature_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Apr 19 2025 [ 527 00] sleep.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 Apr 19 2025 [ 528 00] sleep_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2340 Apr 19 2025 [ 529 00] smbios.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 Apr 19 2025 [ 531 00] spkmodem.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3796 Apr 19 2025 [ 532 00] squash4.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 920 Apr 19 2025 [ 534 00] strtoull_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7216 Apr 19 2025 [ 535 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1724 Apr 19 2025 [ 539 00] tar.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 168 Apr 19 2025 [ 540 00] terminal.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1784 Apr 19 2025 [ 541 00] terminal.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5148 Apr 19 2025 [ 542 00] terminfo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2320 Apr 19 2025 [ 545 00] test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 580 Apr 19 2025 [ 547 00] test_blockarg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1252 Apr 19 2025 [ 548 00] testload.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 Apr 19 2025 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02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 19 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,297 +1,297 @@\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2026-05-23 01:35:47.000000 .\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2026-05-23 01:35:47.000000 boot\n-dr-xr-xr-x 6 0 0 2048 2026-05-23 01:35:51.000000 boot/grub\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2026-05-23 01:35:51.000000 boot/grub/fonts\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 38912 2026-05-23 01:35:51.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2026-05-23 01:35:47.000000 boot/grub/locale\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2026-05-23 01:35:47.000000 boot/grub/roms\n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 2026-05-23 01:35:51.000000 boot.catalog\n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 2026-05-23 01:35:47.000000 boot/grub/grub.cfg\n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3588 2026-05-23 01:35:48.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/915resolution.mod\n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4328 2026-05-23 01:35:47.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/acpi.mod\n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 552 2026-05-23 01:35:48.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/adler32.mod\n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2672 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boot/grub/i386-pc/verifiers.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 2025-04-19 18:28:14.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga_text.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 88 2025-04-19 18:28:14.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.lst\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2312 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_bochs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 2025-04-19 18:28:14.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_cirrus.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2276 2025-04-19 18:28:14.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_colors.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9336 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1708 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1656 2025-04-19 18:28:14.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4088 2025-04-19 18:28:14.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11332 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8084 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19132 2025-04-19 18:28:14.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 2025-04-19 18:28:14.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2540 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19312 2025-04-19 18:28:13.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "modinfo.sh-content", "source2": "modinfo.sh-content", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-bin_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 11672 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1028468 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 11680 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1028720 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -124,15 +124,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3724 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3648 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3816 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3766 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2622 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2620 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27464 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 59408 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3152 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6732 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 115068 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/normal.mod\n@@ -342,15 +342,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3724 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3648 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3816 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5788 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3871 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2634 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2632 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27464 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13700 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14688 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 59408 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3152 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/newc.mod\n@@ -562,15 +562,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5560 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5672 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5768 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5744 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5824 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5648 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3766 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2547 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2545 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44032 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2360 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 96896 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4728 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 10024 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 177328 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen_pvh\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-host_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-host_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1300 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1335032 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1335008 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9311,17 +9311,17 @@\n .rel.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001140\n-15204202507\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+15000765721\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -92921,27 +92921,27 @@\n 0x00177763 00000000 01000000 08280000 67727562 .........(..grub\n 0x00177773 2e636667 00000000 00000000 00000000 .cfg............\n 0x00177783 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177793 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001777a3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001777b3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001777c3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x001777d3 30303030 36343400 30303032 31323700 0000644.0002127.\n- 0x001777e3 30303032 31323700 30303030 30303031 0002127.00000001\n- 0x001777f3 31343000 31353230 34323032 35303700 140.15204202507.\n- 0x00177803 30313330 32350020 30000000 00000000 013025. 0.......\n+ 0x001777d3 30303030 36343400 30303034 32353600 0000644.0004256.\n+ 0x001777e3 30303034 32353600 30303030 30303031 0004256.00000001\n+ 0x001777f3 31343000 31353030 30373635 37323100 140.15000765721.\n+ 0x00177803 30313330 34370020 30000000 00000000 013047. 0.......\n 0x00177813 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177823 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177833 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177843 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177853 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177863 00000000 00000000 00000000 00757374 .............ust\n- 0x00177873 61722020 00706275 696c6465 72310000 ar .pbuilder1..\n+ 0x00177873 61722020 00706275 696c6465 72320000 ar .pbuilder2..\n 0x00177883 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x00177893 00000000 00706275 696c6465 72310000 .....pbuilder1..\n+ 0x00177893 00000000 00706275 696c6465 72320000 .....pbuilder2..\n 0x001778a3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001778b3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001778c3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001778d3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001778e3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001778f3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177903 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9616,16 +9616,16 @@\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000000350\n 14765303321\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n if search -s -f /boot/grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/boot/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n if search -s -f /grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /grub/grub.cfg\n normal (memdisk)/grub.cfg\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -94907,28 +94907,28 @@\n 0x0027f23b 00000000 01000000 00000000 01000000 ................\n 0x0027f24b 08280000 67727562 2e636667 00000000 .(..grub.cfg....\n 0x0027f25b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f26b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f27b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f28b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f29b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x0027f2ab 00000000 00000000 30303030 36343400 ........0000644.\n- 0x0027f2bb 30303032 31323700 30303032 31323700 0002127.0002127.\n+ 0x0027f2ab 00000000 00000000 30303030 36363400 ........0000664.\n+ 0x0027f2bb 30303034 32353600 30303034 32353600 0004256.0004256.\n 0x0027f2cb 30303030 30303030 33353000 31343736 00000000350.1476\n- 0x0027f2db 35333033 33323100 30313330 33360020 5303321.013036. \n+ 0x0027f2db 35333033 33323100 30313330 35340020 5303321.013054. \n 0x0027f2eb 30000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0...............\n 0x0027f2fb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f30b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f31b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f32b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f33b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f34b 00000000 00757374 61722020 00706275 .....ustar .pbu\n- 0x0027f35b 696c6465 72310000 00000000 00000000 ilder1..........\n+ 0x0027f35b 696c6465 72320000 00000000 00000000 ilder2..........\n 0x0027f36b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00706275 .............pbu\n- 0x0027f37b 696c6465 72310000 00000000 00000000 ilder1..........\n+ 0x0027f37b 696c6465 72320000 00000000 00000000 ilder2..........\n 0x0027f38b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f39b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f3ab 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f3bb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f3cb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f3db 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f3eb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -10869,17 +10869,17 @@\n .rela.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001154\n-15204202507\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+15000765721\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -131302,27 +131302,27 @@\n 0x00210b5f 01000000 08280000 67727562 2e636667 .....(..grub.cfg\n 0x00210b6f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210b7f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210b8f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210b9f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210baf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210bbf 00000000 00000000 00000000 30303030 ............0000\n- 0x00210bcf 36343400 30303032 31323700 30303032 644.0002127.0002\n- 0x00210bdf 31323700 30303030 30303031 31353400 127.00000001154.\n- 0x00210bef 31353230 34323032 35303700 30313330 15204202507.0130\n- 0x00210bff 33320020 30000000 00000000 00000000 32. 0...........\n+ 0x00210bcf 36343400 30303034 32353600 30303034 644.0004256.0004\n+ 0x00210bdf 32353600 30303030 30303031 31353400 256.00000001154.\n+ 0x00210bef 31353030 30373635 37323100 30313330 15000765721.0130\n+ 0x00210bff 35340020 30000000 00000000 00000000 54. 0...........\n 0x00210c0f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210c1f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210c2f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210c3f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210c4f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210c5f 00000000 00000000 00757374 61722020 .........ustar \n- 0x00210c6f 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x00210c6f 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x00210c7f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x00210c8f 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x00210c8f 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x00210c9f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210caf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210cbf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210ccf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210cdf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210cef 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210cff 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub2-common_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub2-common_2.12-7_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1368 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 639696 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 639716 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -21,17 +21,17 @@\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/doc/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/grub/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1565 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 186 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub.md5sum\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/info/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 37889 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub-dev.info.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87404 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14849 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3570 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87406 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14851 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3578 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/man/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1958 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-install.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 922 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-reboot.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 656 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-set-default.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 248 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/update-grub.8.gz\n lrwxrwxrwx 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-03-15 13:55:29.000000 ./usr/sbin/update-grub2 -> update-grub\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-1", "source2": "grub.info-1", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,18915 +1,18915 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 312e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7.1.1 from grub.\n 00000040: 7465 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 texi...This manu\n 00000050: 616c 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 al is for GNU GR\n 00000060: 5542 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 UB (version 2.12\n-00000070: 2c20 3233 204d 6179 2032 3032 3629 2e0a , 23 May 2026)..\n-00000080: 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 . Copyright ..\n-00000090: 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c .1999,2000,2001,\n-000000a0: 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 2002,2004,2006,2\n-000000b0: 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 008,2009,2010,20\n-000000c0: 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 11,2012,2013 Fre\n-000000d0: 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 e.Software Found\n-000000e0: 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 ation, Inc... \n-000000f0: 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 Permission is \n-00000100: 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c granted to copy,\n-00000110: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f distribute and/\n-00000120: 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 or modify this. \n-00000130: 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 document und\n-00000140: 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 er the terms of \n-00000150: 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 the GNU Free Doc\n-00000160: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n-00000170: 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e se,. Version\n-00000180: 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 1.2 or any late\n-00000190: 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c 6973 r version publis\n-000001a0: 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 hed by the Free \n-000001b0: 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 466f Software. Fo\n-000001c0: 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e undation; with n\n-000001d0: 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 o Invariant Sect\n-000001e0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d53 ions..INFO-DIR-S\n-000001f0: 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a 5354 ECTION Kernel.ST\n-00000200: 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 ART-INFO-DIR-ENT\n-00000210: 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 7562 RY.* GRUB: (grub\n-00000220: 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ). \n-00000230: 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 The GRand Uni\n-00000240: 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 720a fied Bootloader.\n-00000250: 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a20 * grub-install: \n-00000260: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n-00000270: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 2020 rub-install. \n-00000280: 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 Install GRUB on \n-00000290: 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 7275 your drive.* gru\n-000002a0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 7275 b-mkconfig: (gru\n-000002b0: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-000002c0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e 6572 mkconfig. Gener\n-000002d0: 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ate GRUB configu\n-000002e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b ration.* grub-mk\n-000002f0: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 2028 passwd-pbkdf2: (\n-00000300: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n-00000310: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-00000320: 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c f2..* grub-mkrel\n-00000330: 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f path: (grub)Invo\n-00000340: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n-00000350: 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 ath..* grub-mkre\n-00000360: 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f scue: (grub)Invo\n-00000370: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n-00000380: 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 ue. Make a GRUB\n-00000390: 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 rescue image.* \n-000003a0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 7275 grub-mount: (gru\n-000003b0: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-000003c0: 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f mount. Mo\n-000003d0: 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 unt a file syste\n-000003e0: 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2067 m using GRUB.* g\n-000003f0: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 7562 rub-probe: (grub\n-00000400: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 )Invoking grub-p\n-00000410: 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f robe. Pro\n-00000420: 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d be device inform\n-00000430: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 6372 ation.* grub-scr\n-00000440: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 7562 ipt-check: (grub\n-00000450: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 )Invoking grub-s\n-00000460: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 4e44 cript-check..END\n-00000470: 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 590a -INFO-DIR-ENTRY.\n-00000480: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00000490: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 6f70 2c20 fo, Node: Top, \n-000004a0: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 Next: Introduct\n-000004b0: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 2864 6972 290a ion, Up: (dir).\n-000004c0: 0a47 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6e75 616c .GNU GRUB manual\n-000004d0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-000004e0: 0a0a 5468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 646f ..This is the do\n-000004f0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2047 cumentation of G\n-00000500: 4e55 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 2047 5261 NU GRUB, the GRa\n-00000510: 6e64 2055 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c nd Unified Bootl\n-00000520: 6f61 6465 722c 2061 0a66 6c65 7869 626c oader, a.flexibl\n-00000530: 6520 616e 6420 706f 7765 7266 756c 2062 e and powerful b\n-00000540: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2070 726f 6772 oot loader progr\n-00000550: 616d 2066 6f72 2061 2077 6964 6520 7261 am for a wide ra\n-00000560: 6e67 6520 6f66 0a61 7263 6869 7465 6374 nge of.architect\n-00000570: 7572 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2065 ures... This e\n-00000580: 6469 7469 6f6e 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7473 dition documents\n-00000590: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2032 2e31 322e 0a0a version 2.12...\n-000005a0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2069 This manual i\n-000005b0: 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 2028 s for GNU GRUB (\n-000005c0: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 3233 version 2.12, 23\n-000005d0: 204d 6179 2032 3032 3629 2e0a 0a20 2020 May 2026)... \n-000005e0: 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 0a31 3939 Copyright ...199\n-000005f0: 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c 3230 3032 9,2000,2001,2002\n-00000600: 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 3030 382c ,2004,2006,2008,\n-00000610: 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 3131 2c32 2009,2010,2011,2\n-00000620: 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 650a 536f 012,2013 Free.So\n-00000630: 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f ftware Foundatio\n-00000640: 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5065 n, Inc... Pe\n-00000650: 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 6772 616e rmission is gran\n-00000660: 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c 2064 6973 ted to copy, dis\n-00000670: 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f 6f72 206d tribute and/or m\n-00000680: 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 odify this. \n-00000690: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 6572 2074 document under t\n-000006a0: 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 6520 he terms of the \n-000006b0: 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e GNU Free Documen\n-000006c0: 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c0a tation License,.\n-000006d0: 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 2e32 Version 1.2\n-000006e0: 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 7220 7665 or any later ve\n-000006f0: 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 rsion published \n-00000700: 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 536f 6674 by the Free Soft\n-00000710: 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 466f 756e 6461 ware. Founda\n-00000720: 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 496e tion; with no In\n-00000730: 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 variant Sections\n-00000740: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e ...* Menu:..* In\n-00000750: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 troduction:: \n-00000760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4361 7074 Capt\n-00000770: 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 7370 6972 6974 uring the spirit\n-00000780: 206f 6620 4752 5542 0a2a 204e 616d 696e of GRUB.* Namin\n-00000790: 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 g convention:: \n-000007a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 616d 6573 206f Names o\n-000007b0: 6620 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 7320 696e f your drives in\n-000007c0: 2047 5255 420a 2a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 GRUB.* OS-speci\n-000007d0: 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 fic notes about \n-000007e0: 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 3a3a 0a20 2020 grub tools::. \n-000007f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6f6d Som\n-00000810: 6520 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 4f53 e notes about OS\n-00000820: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6265 6861 7669 -specific behavi\n-00000830: 6f75 7220 6f66 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 our of GRUB. \n+00000070: 2c20 3139 2041 7072 696c 2032 3032 3529 , 19 April 2025)\n+00000080: 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 ... 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It is respo\n-00001110: 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 nsible for loadi\n-00001120: 6e67 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 6665 7272 ng and transferr\n-00001130: 696e 6720 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 746f 2061 ing control.to a\n-00001140: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 n operating syst\n-00001150: 656d 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c e280 9d20 em ...kernel... \n-00001160: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2028 7375 6368 2061 software (such a\n-00001170: 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 6f72 2047 4e55 204d s Linux or GNU M\n-00001180: 6163 6829 2e0a 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c ach)..The kernel\n-00001190: 2c20 696e 2074 7572 6e2c 2069 6e69 7469 , in turn, initi\n-000011a0: 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 alizes the rest \n-000011b0: 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 of the operating\n-000011c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2865 2e67 2e0a 6120 system (e.g..a \n-000011d0: 474e 5520 7379 7374 656d 292e 0a0a 2020 GNU system)... \n-000011e0: 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2076 GNU GRUB is a v\n-000011f0: 6572 7920 706f 7765 7266 756c 2062 6f6f ery powerful boo\n-00001200: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 t loader, which \n-00001210: 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 2061 2077 6964 650a can load a wide.\n-00001220: 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2066 7265 6520 variety of free \n-00001230: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00001240: 732c 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7072 s, as well as pr\n-00001250: 6f70 7269 6574 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 oprietary operat\n-00001260: 696e 670a 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 ing.systems with\n-00001270: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2831 chain-loading(1\n-00001280: 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 7665 7276 6965 ) (*note Overvie\n-00001290: 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e w-Footnote-1::).\n-000012a0: 2020 4752 5542 2069 730a 6465 7369 676e GRUB is.design\n-000012b0: 6564 2074 6f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 ed to address th\n-000012c0: 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7869 7479 206f 6620 e complexity of \n-000012d0: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6120 7065 7273 6f6e booting a person\n-000012e0: 616c 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 723b 2062 6f74 al computer; bot\n-000012f0: 680a 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 616e h.the program an\n-00001300: 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6172 d this manual ar\n-00001310: 6520 7469 6768 746c 7920 626f 756e 6420 e tightly bound \n-00001320: 746f 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d70 7574 6572 to that computer\n-00001330: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 0a61 6c74 686f platform,.altho\n-00001340: 7567 6820 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 206f ugh porting to o\n-00001350: 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 206d ther platforms m\n-00001360: 6179 2062 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 ay be addressed \n-00001370: 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a in the future...\n-00001380: 2020 204f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d One of the im\n-00001390: 706f 7274 616e 7420 6665 6174 7572 6573 portant features\n-000013a0: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 in GRUB is flex\n-000013b0: 6962 696c 6974 793b 2047 5255 420a 756e ibility; GRUB.un\n-000013c0: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 6669 6c65 7379 derstands filesy\n-000013d0: 7374 656d 7320 616e 6420 6b65 726e 656c stems and kernel\n-000013e0: 2065 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d executable form\n-000013f0: 6174 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ats, so you can \n-00001400: 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 load.an arbitrar\n-00001410: 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 y operating syst\n-00001420: 656d 2074 6865 2077 6179 2079 6f75 206c em the way you l\n-00001430: 696b 652c 2077 6974 686f 7574 2072 6563 ike, without rec\n-00001440: 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a70 6879 7369 ording the.physi\n-00001450: 6361 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 cal position of \n-00001460: 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2074 your kernel on t\n-00001470: 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 7573 2079 he disk. 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In the \n-00001720: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6170 7465 following chapte\n-00001730: 7273 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 rs, you will lea\n-00001740: 726e 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 rn how to specif\n-00001750: 7920 6120 6472 6976 652c 2061 0a70 6172 y a drive, a.par\n-00001760: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6669 tition, and a fi\n-00001770: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e le name (*note N\n-00001780: 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e aming convention\n-00001790: 3a3a 2920 746f 2047 5255 422c 2068 6f77 ::) to GRUB, how\n-000017a0: 2074 6f0a 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 to.install GRUB\n-000017b0: 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 2028 on your drive (\n-000017c0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 *note Installati\n-000017d0: 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 on::), and how t\n-000017e0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 o boot your.OSes\n-000017f0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426f 6f74 696e 673a (*note Booting:\n-00001800: 3a29 2c20 7374 6570 2062 7920 7374 6570 :), step by step\n-00001810: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00001820: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 info, Node: Ove\n-00001830: 7276 6965 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c rview-Footnotes,\n-00001840: 2020 5570 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a0a Up: Overview..\n-00001850: 2020 2028 3129 20e2 809c 6368 6169 6e2d (1) ...chain-\n-00001860: 6c6f 6164 e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 206d load... is the m\n-00001870: 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 echanism for loa\n-00001880: 6469 6e67 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 ding unsupported\n-00001890: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 operating.syste\n-000018a0: 6d73 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e ms by loading an\n-000018b0: 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 other boot loade\n-000018c0: 722e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 r. 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Eric\n-00001a20: 6820 616e 6420 4272 6961 6e20 466f 7264 h and Brian Ford\n-00001a30: 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 7468 6520 4d75 designed the Mu\n-00001a40: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n-00001a50: 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d 756c ation (*note.Mul\n-00001a60: 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 tiboot Specifica\n-00001a70: 7469 6f6e 3a20 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 tion: (multiboot\n-00001a80: 2954 6f70 2e29 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 )Top.), because \n-00001a90: 7468 6579 2077 6572 6520 6465 7465 726d they were determ\n-00001aa0: 696e 6564 0a6e 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 ined.not to add \n-00001ab0: 746f 2074 6865 206c 6172 6765 206e 756d to the large num\n-00001ac0: 6265 7220 6f66 206d 7574 7561 6c6c 792d ber of mutually-\n-00001ad0: 696e 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2050 4320 incompatible PC \n-00001ae0: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2e0a 0a20 boot methods... \n-00001af0: 2020 4572 6963 6820 7468 656e 2062 6567 Erich then beg\n-00001b00: 616e 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 an modifying the\n-00001b10: 2046 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f FreeBSD boot lo\n-00001b20: 6164 6572 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 ader so that it \n-00001b30: 776f 756c 640a 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 would.understand\n-00001b40: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2e20 2048 6520 Multiboot. He \n-00001b50: 736f 6f6e 2072 6561 6c69 7a65 6420 7468 soon realized th\n-00001b60: 6174 2069 7420 776f 756c 6420 6265 2061 at it would be a\n-00001b70: 206c 6f74 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a77 lot easier to.w\n-00001b80: 7269 7465 2068 6973 206f 776e 2062 6f6f rite his own boo\n-00001b90: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7363 t loader from sc\n-00001ba0: 7261 7463 6820 7468 616e 2074 6f20 6b65 ratch than to ke\n-00001bb0: 6570 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 ep working on th\n-00001bc0: 650a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c e.FreeBSD boot l\n-00001bd0: 6f61 6465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 4752 oader, and so GR\n-00001be0: 5542 2077 6173 2062 6f72 6e2e 0a0a 2020 UB was born... \n-00001bf0: 2045 7269 6368 2061 6464 6564 206d 616e Erich added man\n-00001c00: 7920 6665 6174 7572 6573 2074 6f20 4752 y features to GR\n-00001c10: 5542 2c20 6275 7420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 UB, but other pr\n-00001c20: 696f 7269 7469 6573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 iorities prevent\n-00001c30: 6564 2068 696d 0a66 726f 6d20 6b65 6570 ed him.from keep\n-00001c40: 696e 6720 7570 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 ing up with the \n-00001c50: 6465 6d61 6e64 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2071 demands of its q\n-00001c60: 7569 636b 6c79 2d65 7870 616e 6469 6e67 uickly-expanding\n-00001c70: 2075 7365 7220 6261 7365 2e20 2049 6e0a user base. 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Around 200\n-00001e90: 322c 2059 6f73 6869 6e6f 7269 204b 2e20 2, Yoshinori K. \n-00001ea0: 4f6b 756a 6920 7374 6172 7465 6420 776f Okuji started wo\n-00001eb0: 726b 206f 6e20 5055 5041 0a28 5072 656c rk on PUPA.(Prel\n-00001ec0: 696d 696e 6172 7920 556e 6976 6572 7361 iminary Universa\n-00001ed0: 6c20 5072 6f67 7261 6d6d 696e 6720 4172 l Programming Ar\n-00001ee0: 6368 6974 6563 7475 7265 2066 6f72 2047 chitecture for G\n-00001ef0: 4e55 2047 5255 4229 2c20 6169 6d69 6e67 NU GRUB), aiming\n-00001f00: 2074 6f0a 7265 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 to.rewrite the \n-00001f10: 636f 7265 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 core of GRUB to \n-00001f20: 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 636c 6561 6e65 722c make it cleaner,\n-00001f30: 2073 6166 6572 2c20 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 safer, more rob\n-00001f40: 7573 742c 2061 6e64 0a6d 6f72 6520 706f ust, and.more po\n-00001f50: 7765 7266 756c 2e20 2050 5550 4120 7761 werful. 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By aro\n-00002080: 756e 6420 3230 3037 2c20 474e 552f 4c69 und 2007, GNU/Li\n-00002090: 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e nux distribution\n-000020a0: 7320 7374 6172 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 s started to use\n-000020b0: 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a6c 696d 6974 GRUB 2 to.limit\n-000020c0: 6564 2065 7874 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 ed extents, and \n-000020d0: 6279 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 3230 by the end of 20\n-000020e0: 3039 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6d61 6a6f 09 multiple majo\n-000020f0: 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 730a r distributions.\n-00002100: 7765 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 were installing \n-00002110: 6974 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a it by default...\n-00002120: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00002130: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4368 616e 6765 o, Node: Change\n-00002140: 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 s from GRUB Lega\n-00002150: 6379 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 6561 7475 cy, Next: Featu\n-00002160: 7265 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4869 7374 res, Prev: Hist\n-00002170: 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 ory, Up: Introd\n-00002180: 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3320 4469 6666 uction..1.3 Diff\n-00002190: 6572 656e 6365 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 erences from pre\n-000021a0: 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e73 0a3d vious versions.=\n-000021b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00000f80: 2020 2020 4672 6f6d 206d 6167 676f 7420 From maggot \n+00000f90: 746f 2068 6f75 7365 2066 6c79 0a2a 2043 to house fly.* C\n+00000fa0: 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 hanges from GRUB\n+00000fb0: 204c 6567 6163 793a 3a20 2020 2044 6966 Legacy:: Dif\n+00000fc0: 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7072 ferences from pr\n+00000fd0: 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 730a evious versions.\n+00000fe0: 2a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 * Features:: \n+00000ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00001000: 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 2a20 GRUB features.* \n+00001010: 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c Role of a boot l\n+00001020: 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 5468 oader:: Th\n+00001030: 6520 726f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 e role of a boot\n+00001040: 206c 6f61 6465 720a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a loader....File:\n+00001050: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00001060: 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772c 2020 4e65 e: Overview, Ne\n+00001070: 7874 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 xt: History, Up\n+00001080: 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a : Introduction..\n+00001090: 312e 3120 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a3d 3d3d 1.1 Overview.===\n+000010a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 7269 6566 =========..Brief\n+000010b0: 6c79 2c20 6120 e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 6c6f ly, a ...boot lo\n+000010c0: 6164 6572 e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 2066 ader... is the f\n+000010d0: 6972 7374 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7072 irst software pr\n+000010e0: 6f67 7261 6d20 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 ogram that runs \n+000010f0: 7768 656e 2061 0a63 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 when a.computer \n+00001100: 7374 6172 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 starts. 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One of th\n+00001390: 6520 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 6665 6174 e important feat\n+000013a0: 7572 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 ures in GRUB is \n+000013b0: 666c 6578 6962 696c 6974 793b 2047 5255 flexibility; GRU\n+000013c0: 420a 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 6669 B.understands fi\n+000013d0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 616e 6420 6b65 lesystems and ke\n+000013e0: 726e 656c 2065 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 rnel executable \n+000013f0: 666f 726d 6174 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 formats, so you \n+00001400: 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e20 6172 6269 can load.an arbi\n+00001410: 7472 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 trary operating \n+00001420: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6865 2077 6179 2079 system the way y\n+00001430: 6f75 206c 696b 652c 2077 6974 686f 7574 ou like, without\n+00001440: 2072 6563 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a70 recording the.p\n+00001450: 6879 7369 6361 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e hysical position\n+00001460: 206f 6620 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 of your kernel \n+00001470: 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 on the disk. Th\n+00001480: 7573 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 us you can load \n+00001490: 7468 650a 6b65 726e 656c 206a 7573 7420 the.kernel just \n+000014a0: 6279 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6974 by specifying it\n+000014b0: 7320 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 616e 6420 s file name and \n+000014c0: 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 616e 6420 7061 the drive and pa\n+000014d0: 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 7768 6572 6520 7468 rtition.where th\n+000014e0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2072 6573 6964 6573 e kernel resides\n+000014f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 ... When booti\n+00001500: 6e67 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 796f ng with GRUB, yo\n+00001510: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 u can use either\n+00001520: 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 a command-line \n+00001530: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 interface.(*note\n+00001540: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e Command-line in\n+00001550: 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 2c20 6f72 2061 terface::), or a\n+00001560: 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 menu interface \n+00001570: 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 656e 750a 696e 7465 (*note Menu.inte\n+00001580: 7266 6163 653a 3a29 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 rface::). Using\n+00001590: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n+000015a0: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2079 6f75 e interface, you\n+000015b0: 2074 7970 6520 7468 6520 6472 6976 650a type the drive.\n+000015c0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e specification an\n+000015d0: 6420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 d file name of t\n+000015e0: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 6e75 616c he kernel manual\n+000015f0: 6c79 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 ly. In the menu\n+00001600: 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 796f 7520 .interface, you \n+00001610: 6a75 7374 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 204f just select an O\n+00001620: 5320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6172 726f S using the arro\n+00001630: 7720 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 6865 206d 656e w keys. The men\n+00001640: 7520 6973 0a62 6173 6564 206f 6e20 6120 u is.based on a \n+00001650: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00001660: 6c65 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 2070 7265 le which you pre\n+00001670: 7061 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6568 616e 6420 pare beforehand \n+00001680: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a43 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 (*note.Configura\n+00001690: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 696c 6520 tion::). While \n+000016a0: 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2079 6f75 in the menu, you\n+000016b0: 2063 616e 2073 7769 7463 6820 746f 2074 can switch to t\n+000016c0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a he command-line.\n+000016d0: 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 mode, and vice-v\n+000016e0: 6572 7361 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2065 ersa. You can e\n+000016f0: 7665 6e20 6564 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e ven edit menu en\n+00001700: 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 2075 7369 tries before usi\n+00001710: 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 ng them... In \n+00001720: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 the following ch\n+00001730: 6170 7465 7273 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c apters, you will\n+00001740: 206c 6561 726e 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 learn how to sp\n+00001750: 6563 6966 7920 6120 6472 6976 652c 2061 ecify a drive, a\n+00001760: 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 .partition, and \n+00001770: 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f a file name (*no\n+00001780: 7465 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e te Naming conven\n+00001790: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 746f 2047 5255 422c tion::) to GRUB,\n+000017a0: 2068 6f77 2074 6f0a 696e 7374 616c 6c20 how to.install \n+000017b0: 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 GRUB on your dri\n+000017c0: 7665 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c ve (*note Instal\n+000017d0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2068 lation::), and h\n+000017e0: 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 720a ow to boot your.\n+000017f0: 4f53 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426f 6f74 OSes (*note Boot\n+00001800: 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 7374 6570 2062 7920 ing::), step by \n+00001810: 7374 6570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 step.....File: g\n+00001820: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00001830: 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f Overview-Footno\n+00001840: 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 tes, Up: Overvi\n+00001850: 6577 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 20e2 809c 6368 ew.. (1) ...ch\n+00001860: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 e280 9d20 6973 2074 ain-load... is t\n+00001870: 6865 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2066 6f72 he mechanism for\n+00001880: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2075 6e73 7570 706f loading unsuppo\n+00001890: 7274 6564 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 0a73 rted operating.s\n+000018a0: 7973 7465 6d73 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 696e ystems by loadin\n+000018b0: 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c g another boot l\n+000018c0: 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7479 oader. It is ty\n+000018d0: 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 2066 6f72 pically used for\n+000018e0: 0a6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2044 4f53 206f 7220 .loading DOS or \n+000018f0: 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 Windows.....File\n+00001900: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00001910: 6465 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 4e65 de: History, Ne\n+00001920: 7874 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d xt: Changes from\n+00001930: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 2050 GRUB Legacy, P\n+00001940: 7265 763a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772c 2020 rev: Overview, \n+00001950: 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e Up: Introduction\n+00001960: 0a0a 312e 3220 4869 7374 6f72 7920 6f66 ..1.2 History of\n+00001970: 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d GRUB.==========\n+00001980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 =========..GRUB \n+00001990: 6f72 6967 696e 6174 6564 2069 6e20 3139 originated in 19\n+000019a0: 3935 2077 6865 6e20 4572 6963 6820 426f 95 when Erich Bo\n+000019b0: 6c65 796e 2077 6173 2074 7279 696e 6720 leyn was trying \n+000019c0: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 474e 550a to boot the GNU.\n+000019d0: 4875 7264 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 556e Hurd with the Un\n+000019e0: 6976 6572 7369 7479 206f 6620 5574 6168 iversity of Utah\n+000019f0: 2773 204d 6163 6820 3420 6d69 6372 6f6b 's Mach 4 microk\n+00001a00: 6572 6e65 6c20 286e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e ernel (now known\n+00001a10: 2061 7320 474e 550a 4d61 6368 292e 2020 as GNU.Mach). \n+00001a20: 4572 6963 6820 616e 6420 4272 6961 6e20 Erich and Brian \n+00001a30: 466f 7264 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 7468 Ford designed th\n+00001a40: 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 e Multiboot Spec\n+00001a50: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 ification (*note\n+00001a60: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 .Multiboot Speci\n+00001a70: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 3a20 286d 756c 7469 fication: (multi\n+00001a80: 626f 6f74 2954 6f70 2e29 2c20 6265 6361 boot)Top.), beca\n+00001a90: 7573 6520 7468 6579 2077 6572 6520 6465 use they were de\n+00001aa0: 7465 726d 696e 6564 0a6e 6f74 2074 6f20 termined.not to \n+00001ab0: 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 206c 6172 6765 add to the large\n+00001ac0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 206d 7574 7561 number of mutua\n+00001ad0: 6c6c 792d 696e 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 lly-incompatible\n+00001ae0: 2050 4320 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 PC boot methods\n+00001af0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4572 6963 6820 7468 656e ... Erich then\n+00001b00: 2062 6567 616e 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 began modifying\n+00001b10: 2074 6865 2046 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f the FreeBSD boo\n+00001b20: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2073 6f20 7468 6174 t loader so that\n+00001b30: 2069 7420 776f 756c 640a 756e 6465 7273 it would.unders\n+00001b40: 7461 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2e20 tand Multiboot. \n+00001b50: 2048 6520 736f 6f6e 2072 6561 6c69 7a65 He soon realize\n+00001b60: 6420 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f 756c 6420 d that it would \n+00001b70: 6265 2061 206c 6f74 2065 6173 6965 7220 be a lot easier \n+00001b80: 746f 0a77 7269 7465 2068 6973 206f 776e to.write his own\n+00001b90: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2066 726f boot loader fro\n+00001ba0: 6d20 7363 7261 7463 6820 7468 616e 2074 m scratch than t\n+00001bb0: 6f20 6b65 6570 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 206f o keep working o\n+00001bc0: 6e20 7468 650a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f n the.FreeBSD bo\n+00001bd0: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 ot loader, and s\n+00001be0: 6f20 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 6f72 6e2e o GRUB was born.\n+00001bf0: 0a0a 2020 2045 7269 6368 2061 6464 6564 .. Erich added\n+00001c00: 206d 616e 7920 6665 6174 7572 6573 2074 many features t\n+00001c10: 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 6f74 6865 o GRUB, but othe\n+00001c20: 7220 7072 696f 7269 7469 6573 2070 7265 r priorities pre\n+00001c30: 7665 6e74 6564 2068 696d 0a66 726f 6d20 vented him.from \n+00001c40: 6b65 6570 696e 6720 7570 2077 6974 6820 keeping up with \n+00001c50: 7468 6520 6465 6d61 6e64 7320 6f66 2069 the demands of i\n+00001c60: 7473 2071 7569 636b 6c79 2d65 7870 616e ts quickly-expan\n+00001c70: 6469 6e67 2075 7365 7220 6261 7365 2e20 ding user base. \n+00001c80: 2049 6e0a 3139 3939 2c20 476f 7264 6f6e In.1999, Gordon\n+00001c90: 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 7420 616e 6420 Matzigkeit and \n+00001ca0: 596f 7368 696e 6f72 6920 4b2e 204f 6b75 Yoshinori K. Oku\n+00001cb0: 6a69 2061 646f 7074 6564 2047 5255 4220 ji adopted GRUB \n+00001cc0: 6173 2061 6e0a 6f66 6669 6369 616c 2047 as an.official G\n+00001cd0: 4e55 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 NU package, and \n+00001ce0: 6f70 656e 6564 2069 7473 2064 6576 656c opened its devel\n+00001cf0: 6f70 6d65 6e74 2062 7920 6d61 6b69 6e67 opment by making\n+00001d00: 2074 6865 206c 6174 6573 740a 736f 7572 the latest.sour\n+00001d10: 6365 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 ces available vi\n+00001d20: 6120 616e 6f6e 796d 6f75 7320 4356 532e a anonymous CVS.\n+00001d30: 202a 4e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 *Note Obtaining\n+00001d40: 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 670a 4752 and Building.GR\n+00001d50: 5542 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 UB::, for more i\n+00001d60: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 nformation... \n+00001d70: 4f76 6572 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6665 Over the next fe\n+00001d80: 7720 7965 6172 732c 2047 5255 4220 7761 w years, GRUB wa\n+00001d90: 7320 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 6d65 s extended to me\n+00001da0: 6574 206d 616e 7920 6e65 6564 732c 2062 et many needs, b\n+00001db0: 7574 2069 740a 7175 6963 6b6c 7920 6265 ut it.quickly be\n+00001dc0: 6361 6d65 2063 6c65 6172 2074 6861 7420 came clear that \n+00001dd0: 6974 7320 6465 7369 676e 2077 6173 206e its design was n\n+00001de0: 6f74 206b 6565 7069 6e67 2075 7020 7769 ot keeping up wi\n+00001df0: 7468 2074 6865 0a65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e th the.extension\n+00001e00: 7320 6265 696e 6720 6d61 6465 2074 6f20 s being made to \n+00001e10: 6974 2c20 616e 6420 7765 2072 6561 6368 it, and we reach\n+00001e20: 6564 2074 6865 2070 6f69 6e74 2077 6865 ed the point whe\n+00001e30: 7265 2069 7420 7761 7320 7665 7279 0a64 re it was very.d\n+00001e40: 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 ifficult to make\n+00001e50: 2061 6e79 2066 7572 7468 6572 2063 6861 any further cha\n+00001e60: 6e67 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2062 7265 nges without bre\n+00001e70: 616b 696e 6720 6578 6973 7469 6e67 0a66 aking existing.f\n+00001e80: 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 eatures. Around\n+00001e90: 2032 3030 322c 2059 6f73 6869 6e6f 7269 2002, Yoshinori\n+00001ea0: 204b 2e20 4f6b 756a 6920 7374 6172 7465 K. Okuji starte\n+00001eb0: 6420 776f 726b 206f 6e20 5055 5041 0a28 d work on PUPA.(\n+00001ec0: 5072 656c 696d 696e 6172 7920 556e 6976 Preliminary Univ\n+00001ed0: 6572 7361 6c20 5072 6f67 7261 6d6d 696e ersal Programmin\n+00001ee0: 6720 4172 6368 6974 6563 7475 7265 2066 g Architecture f\n+00001ef0: 6f72 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4229 2c20 6169 or GNU GRUB), ai\n+00001f00: 6d69 6e67 2074 6f0a 7265 7772 6974 6520 ming to.rewrite \n+00001f10: 7468 6520 636f 7265 206f 6620 4752 5542 the core of GRUB\n+00001f20: 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 636c 6561 to make it clea\n+00001f30: 6e65 722c 2073 6166 6572 2c20 6d6f 7265 ner, safer, more\n+00001f40: 2072 6f62 7573 742c 2061 6e64 0a6d 6f72 robust, and.mor\n+00001f50: 6520 706f 7765 7266 756c 2e20 2050 5550 e powerful. PUP\n+00001f60: 4120 7761 7320 6576 656e 7475 616c 6c79 A was eventually\n+00001f70: 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 renamed to GRUB\n+00001f80: 2032 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6f72 6967 2, and the orig\n+00001f90: 696e 616c 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 inal.version of \n+00001fa0: 4752 5542 2077 6173 2072 656e 616d 6564 GRUB was renamed\n+00001fb0: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e to GRUB Legacy.\n+00001fc0: 2020 536d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 7320 Small amounts \n+00001fd0: 6f66 0a6d 6169 6e74 656e 616e 6365 2063 of.maintenance c\n+00001fe0: 6f6e 7469 6e75 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2064 ontinued to be d\n+00001ff0: 6f6e 6520 6f6e 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 one on GRUB Lega\n+00002000: 6379 2c20 6275 7420 7468 6520 6c61 7374 cy, but the last\n+00002010: 2072 656c 6561 7365 0a28 302e 3937 2920 release.(0.97) \n+00002020: 7761 7320 6d61 6465 2069 6e20 3230 3035 was made in 2005\n+00002030: 2061 6e64 2061 7420 7468 6520 7469 6d65 and at the time\n+00002040: 206f 6620 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2073 of writing it s\n+00002050: 6565 6d73 2075 6e6c 696b 656c 790a 7468 eems unlikely.th\n+00002060: 6174 2074 6865 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6265 at there will be\n+00002070: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 4279 another... By\n+00002080: 2061 726f 756e 6420 3230 3037 2c20 474e around 2007, GN\n+00002090: 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 U/Linux distribu\n+000020a0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6172 7465 6420 746f tions started to\n+000020b0: 2075 7365 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a6c use GRUB 2 to.l\n+000020c0: 696d 6974 6564 2065 7874 656e 7473 2c20 imited extents, \n+000020d0: 616e 6420 6279 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f and by the end o\n+000020e0: 6620 3230 3039 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 f 2009 multiple \n+000020f0: 6d61 6a6f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 major distributi\n+00002100: 6f6e 730a 7765 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ons.were install\n+00002110: 696e 6720 6974 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c ing it by defaul\n+00002120: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n+00002130: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4368 .info, Node: Ch\n+00002140: 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 anges from GRUB \n+00002150: 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 Legacy, Next: F\n+00002160: 6561 7475 7265 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 eatures, Prev: \n+00002170: 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e History, Up: In\n+00002180: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3320 troduction..1.3 \n+00002190: 4469 6666 6572 656e 6365 7320 6672 6f6d Differences from\n+000021a0: 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f previous versio\n+000021b0: 6e73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ns.=============\n 000021c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 =====..GRUB 2 is\n-000021e0: 2061 2072 6577 7269 7465 206f 6620 4752 a rewrite of GR\n-000021f0: 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4869 7374 6f72 UB (*note Histor\n-00002200: 793a 3a29 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2069 y::), although i\n-00002210: 7420 7368 6172 6573 206d 616e 790a 6368 t shares many.ch\n-00002220: 6172 6163 7465 7269 7374 6963 7320 7769 aracteristics wi\n-00002230: 7468 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 th the previous \n-00002240: 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f version, now kno\n-00002250: 776e 2061 7320 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 wn as GRUB Legac\n-00002260: 792e 0a55 7365 7273 206f 6620 4752 5542 y..Users of GRUB\n-00002270: 204c 6567 6163 7920 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 Legacy may need\n-00002280: 2073 6f6d 6520 6775 6964 616e 6365 2074 some guidance t\n-00002290: 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6972 2077 6179 o find their way\n-000022a0: 2061 726f 756e 640a 7468 6973 206e 6577 around.this new\n-000022b0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 version... ..\n-000022c0: a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . The configurat\n-000022d0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2068 6173 2061 206e ion file has a n\n-000022e0: 6577 206e 616d 6520 28e2 8098 6772 7562 ew name (...grub\n-000022f0: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 7261 7468 6572 2074 .cfg... rather t\n-00002300: 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 han. ...menu\n-00002310: 2e6c 7374 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 .lst... or ...gr\n-00002320: 7562 2e63 6f6e 66e2 8099 292c 206e 6577 ub.conf...), new\n-00002330: 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 syntax (*note C\n-00002340: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 onfiguration::) \n-00002350: 616e 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e 7920 6e65 and. many ne\n-00002360: 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 w commands (*not\n-00002370: 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 e Commands::). \n-00002380: 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6361 Configuration ca\n-00002390: 6e6e 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 nnot be. cop\n-000023a0: 6965 6420 6f76 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c ied over directl\n-000023b0: 792c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 y, although most\n-000023c0: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 GRUB Legacy use\n-000023d0: 7273 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 rs should not. \n-000023e0: 2020 2066 696e 6420 7468 6520 7379 6e74 find the synt\n-000023f0: 6178 2074 6f6f 2073 7572 7072 6973 696e ax too surprisin\n-00002400: 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6772 g... ... ...gr\n-00002410: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6973 2074 7970 ub.cfg... is typ\n-00002420: 6963 616c 6c79 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 ically automatic\n-00002430: 616c 6c79 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2062 ally generated b\n-00002440: 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 y ...grub-mkconf\n-00002450: 6967 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 ig.... (*not\n-00002460: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple configu\n-00002470: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 ration::). This\n-00002480: 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 makes it easier\n-00002490: 2074 6f20 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 to handle. \n-000024a0: 7665 7273 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 726e 656c versioned kernel\n-000024b0: 2075 7067 7261 6465 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 upgrades... .\n-000024c0: 80a2 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d .. Partition num\n-000024d0: 6265 7273 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2064 6576 bers in GRUB dev\n-000024e0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 7374 ice names now st\n-000024f0: 6172 7420 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 3020 art at 1, not 0 \n-00002500: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d69 (*note. Nami\n-00002510: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 ng convention::)\n-00002520: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 636f ... ... 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A small am\n-000025d0: 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7065 7273 6973 7465 ount of persiste\n-000025e0: 6e74 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 6176 nt storage is av\n-000025f0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6163 726f 7373 2072 ailable across r\n-00002600: 6562 6f6f 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 7369 eboots,. usi\n-00002610: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 5f65 ng the ...save_e\n-00002620: 6e76 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986c 6f61 nv... and ...loa\n-00002630: 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 d_env... command\n-00002640: 7320 696e 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 7468 s in GRUB and th\n-00002650: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d65 e. ...grub-e\n-00002660: 6469 7465 6e76 e280 9920 7574 696c 6974 ditenv... utilit\n-00002670: 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 y. This is not \n-00002680: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2061 6c6c available in all\n-00002690: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . configurat\n-000026a0: 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 ions (*note Envi\n-000026b0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 ronment block::)\n-000026c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 ... ... 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Uni\n-000027a0: 7175 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 que Identifiers \n-000027b0: 2855 5549 4473 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 (UUIDs)... ...\n-000027c0: 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 7661 696c GRUB 2 is avail\n-000027d0: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c able for several\n-000027e0: 206f 7468 6572 2074 7970 6573 206f 6620 other types of \n-000027f0: 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e20 6164 6469 7469 system in additi\n-00002800: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 2050 on. to the P\n-00002810: 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2073 C BIOS systems s\n-00002820: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 upported by GRUB\n-00002830: 204c 6567 6163 793a 2050 4320 4546 492c Legacy: PC EFI,\n-00002840: 2050 430a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f PC. coreboo\n-00002850: 742c 2050 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 5350 4152 t, PowerPC, SPAR\n-00002860: 432c 2061 6e64 204d 4950 5320 4c65 6d6f C, and MIPS Lemo\n-00002870: 7465 2059 6565 6c6f 6f6e 6720 6172 6520 te Yeeloong are \n-00002880: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 all. support\n-00002890: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4d61 6e79 ed... ... Many\n-000028a0: 206d 6f72 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 more file syste\n-000028b0: 6d73 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 ms are supported\n-000028c0: 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6275 7420 , including but \n-000028d0: 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 not limited to. \n-000028e0: 2020 2020 6578 7434 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 ext4, HFS+, \n-000028f0: 616e 6420 4e54 4653 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 and NTFS... ..\n-00002900: a220 4752 5542 2032 2063 616e 2072 6561 . GRUB 2 can rea\n-00002910: 6420 6669 6c65 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 d files directly\n-00002920: 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 616e 6420 5241 from LVM and RA\n-00002930: 4944 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 ID devices... \n-00002940: e280 a220 4120 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 ... A graphical \n-00002950: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2061 6e64 2061 2067 terminal and a g\n-00002960: 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7379 raphical menu sy\n-00002970: 7374 656d 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 stem are availab\n-00002980: 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 le... ... GRUB\n-00002990: 2032 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2063 2's interface c\n-000029a0: 616e 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 an be translated\n-000029b0: 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 , including menu\n-000029c0: 2065 6e74 7279 206e 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 entry names... \n-000029d0: 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 ... The image \n-000029e0: 6669 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6d61 files (*note Ima\n-000029f0: 6765 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 ges::) that make\n-00002a00: 2075 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 6520 6265 up GRUB have be\n-00002a10: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 6761 6e69 en. reorgani\n-00002a20: 7365 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 2c20 5374 sed; Stage 1, St\n-00002a30: 6167 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 2053 7461 age 1.5, and Sta\n-00002a40: 6765 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 6d6f 7265 ge 2 are no more\n-00002a50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 ... ... GRUB 2\n-00002a60: 2070 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 696c puts many facil\n-00002a70: 6974 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 ities in dynamic\n-00002a80: 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 ally loaded modu\n-00002a90: 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 2020 les, allowing. \n-00002aa0: 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 the core imag\n-00002ab0: 6520 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c 6c65 722c e to be smaller,\n-00002ac0: 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 and allowing th\n-00002ad0: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 e core image to \n-00002ae0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c 7420 696e be. built in\n-00002af0: 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 more flexible w\n-00002b00: 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ays.....File: gr\n-00002b10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00002b20: 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a Features, Next:\n-00002b30: 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 Role of a boot \n-00002b40: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 loader, Prev: C\n-00002b50: 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 hanges from GRUB\n-00002b60: 204c 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e Legacy, Up: In\n-00002b70: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3420 troduction..1.4 \n-00002b80: 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 3d3d GRUB features.==\n-00002b90: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00002ba0: 0a54 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2072 6571 .The primary req\n-00002bb0: 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 5255 uirement for GRU\n-00002bc0: 4220 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 2062 6520 B is that it be \n-00002bd0: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 7468 2074 compliant with t\n-00002be0: 6865 0ae2 809c 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 he....Multiboot \n-00002bf0: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6ee2 809d Specification...\n-00002c00: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2064 6573 6372 , which is descr\n-00002c10: 6962 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 ibed in *note Mu\n-00002c20: 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot.Specific\n-00002c30: 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ation: (multiboo\n-00002c40: 7429 546f 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206f t)Top... The o\n-00002c50: 7468 6572 2067 6f61 6c73 2c20 6c69 7374 ther goals, list\n-00002c60: 6564 2069 6e20 6170 7072 6f78 696d 6174 ed in approximat\n-00002c70: 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2069 6d70 6f72 e order of impor\n-00002c80: 7461 6e63 652c 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 tance, are:.. \n-00002c90: e280 a220 4261 7369 6320 6675 6e63 7469 ... Basic functi\n-00002ca0: 6f6e 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7374 7261 ons must be stra\n-00002cb0: 6967 6874 666f 7277 6172 6420 666f 7220 ightforward for \n-00002cc0: 656e 642d 7573 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 end-users... .\n-00002cd0: 80a2 2052 6963 6820 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e .. Rich function\n-00002ce0: 616c 6974 7920 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 ality to support\n-00002cf0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6578 7065 7274 7320 kernel experts \n-00002d00: 616e 6420 6465 7369 676e 6572 732e 0a0a and designers...\n-00002d10: 2020 20e2 80a2 2042 6163 6b77 6172 6420 ... 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Supp\n-00003020: 6f72 7420 6d61 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 ort many of the \n-00003030: e280 9c61 2e6f 7574 e280 9d20 7661 7269 ...a.out... vari\n-00003040: 616e 7473 2070 6c75 7320 e280 9c45 4c46 ants plus ...ELF\n-00003050: e280 9d2e 2053 796d 626f 6c20 7461 626c .... Symbol tabl\n-00003060: 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 616c 736f es are. also\n-00003070: 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 loaded...Suppor\n-00003080: 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 t non-Multiboot \n-00003090: 6b65 726e 656c 730a 2020 2020 2053 7570 kernels. Sup\n-000030a0: 706f 7274 206d 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 port many of the\n-000030b0: 2076 6172 696f 7573 2066 7265 6520 3332 various free 32\n-000030c0: 2d62 6974 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 -bit kernels tha\n-000030d0: 7420 6c61 636b 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 t lack Multiboot\n-000030e0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 6365 . compliance\n-000030f0: 2028 7072 696d 6172 696c 7920 4672 6565 (primarily Free\n-00003100: 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 4428 3129 2028 BSD, NetBSD(1) (\n-00003110: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2046 6561 7475 *note. Featu\n-00003120: 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a res-Footnote-1::\n-00003130: 292c 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 6420 ), OpenBSD, and \n-00003140: 4c69 6e75 7829 2e20 2043 6861 696e 2d6c Linux). 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G\n-00003580: 5255 4220 6472 6f70 7320 746f 2074 6865 RUB drops to the\n-00003590: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a command-line...\n-000035a0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 The list of\n-000035b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 commands (*note\n-000035c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 Commands::) are\n-000035d0: 2061 2073 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f a subset of tho\n-000035e0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 se. supporte\n-000035f0: 6420 666f 7220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 d for configurat\n-00003600: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 2020 4564 6974 ion files. 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(i\n-00003a30: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206c 7a6a 622c 2067 ncluding lzjb, g\n-00003a40: 7a69 702c 207a 6c65 2c20 6d69 7272 6f72 zip, zle, mirror\n-00003a50: 2c20 7374 7269 7065 2c20 7261 6964 7a31 , stripe, raidz1\n-00003a60: 2f32 2f33 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 656e /2/3. and en\n-00003a70: 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 4145 532d cryption in AES-\n-00003a80: 4343 4d20 616e 6420 4145 532d 4743 4d29 CCM and AES-GCM)\n-00003a90: 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 7379 7374 . *Note Filesyst\n-00003aa0: 656d 3a3a 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 206d em::, for. m\n-00003ab0: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore information.\n-00003ac0: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6175 746f 6d61 ..Support automa\n-00003ad0: 7469 6320 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f tic decompressio\n-00003ae0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2043 616e 2064 6563 6f6d n. Can decom\n-00003af0: 7072 6573 7320 6669 6c65 7320 7768 6963 press files whic\n-00003b00: 6820 7765 7265 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 h were compresse\n-00003b10: 6420 6279 20e2 8098 677a 6970 e280 9920 d by ...gzip... \n-00003b20: 6f72 20e2 8098 787a e280 9928 3229 0a20 or ...xz...(2). \n-00003b30: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 (*note Featu\n-00003b40: 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d32 3a3a res-Footnote-2::\n-00003b50: 292e 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f ). This functio\n-00003b60: 6e20 6973 2062 6f74 6820 6175 746f 6d61 n is both automa\n-00003b70: 7469 6320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 7261 tic and. tra\n-00003b80: 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 nsparent to the \n-00003b90: 7573 6572 2028 692e 652e 2020 616c 6c20 user (i.e. all \n-00003ba0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f70 6572 6174 functions operat\n-00003bb0: 6520 7570 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e upon the. \n-00003bc0: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2063 6f6e uncompressed con\n-00003bd0: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7065 tents of the spe\n-00003be0: 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c 6573 292e 2020 cified files). \n-00003bf0: 5468 6973 2067 7265 6174 6c79 0a20 2020 This greatly. \n-00003c00: 2020 7265 6475 6365 7320 6120 6669 6c65 reduces a file\n-00003c10: 2073 697a 6520 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 696e size and loadin\n-00003c20: 6720 7469 6d65 2c20 6120 7061 7274 6963 g time, a partic\n-00003c30: 756c 6172 6c79 2067 7265 6174 2062 656e ularly great ben\n-00003c40: 6566 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 666c efit. for fl\n-00003c50: 6f70 7069 6573 2e28 3329 2020 282a 6e6f oppies.(3) (*no\n-00003c60: 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 te Features-Foot\n-00003c70: 6e6f 7465 2d33 3a3a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 note-3::).. \n-00003c80: 4974 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6569 7661 626c It is conceivabl\n-00003c90: 6520 7468 6174 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e e that some kern\n-00003ca0: 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c el modules shoul\n-00003cb0: 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2061 d be loaded in a\n-00003cc0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 . compressed\n-00003cd0: 2073 7461 7465 2c20 736f 2061 2064 6966 state, so a dif\n-00003ce0: 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f ferent module-lo\n-00003cf0: 6164 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 ading command ca\n-00003d00: 6e20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 n be. specif\n-00003d10: 6965 6420 746f 2061 766f 6964 2075 6e63 ied to avoid unc\n-00003d20: 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206d ompressing the m\n-00003d30: 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a41 6363 6573 7320 odules...Access \n-00003d40: 6461 7461 206f 6e20 616e 7920 696e 7374 data on any inst\n-00003d50: 616c 6c65 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 alled device. \n-00003d60: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e Support readin\n-00003d70: 6720 6461 7461 2066 726f 6d20 616e 7920 g data from any \n-00003d80: 6f72 2061 6c6c 2066 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 or all floppies \n-00003d90: 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2873 290a or hard disk(s).\n-00003da0: 2020 2020 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 recognized \n-00003db0: 6279 2074 6865 2042 494f 532c 2069 6e64 by the BIOS, ind\n-00003dc0: 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 ependent of the \n-00003dd0: 7365 7474 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2072 setting of the r\n-00003de0: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e oot. device.\n-00003df0: 0a0a 4265 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 ..Be independent\n-00003e00: 206f 6620 6472 6976 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 of drive geomet\n-00003e10: 7279 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a ry translations.\n-00003e20: 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 Unlike many\n-00003e30: 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 other boot load\n-00003e40: 6572 732c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 ers, GRUB makes \n-00003e50: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2064 the particular d\n-00003e60: 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c rive. transl\n-00003e70: 6174 696f 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 ation irrelevant\n-00003e80: 2e20 2041 2064 7269 7665 2069 6e73 7461 . A drive insta\n-00003e90: 6c6c 6564 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 lled and running\n-00003ea0: 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2074 with one. t\n-00003eb0: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 ranslation may b\n-00003ec0: 6520 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2061 e converted to a\n-00003ed0: 6e6f 7468 6572 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 nother translati\n-00003ee0: 6f6e 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 on without any. \n-00003ef0: 2020 2020 6164 7665 7273 6520 6566 6665 adverse effe\n-00003f00: 6374 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2069 cts or changes i\n-00003f10: 6e20 4752 5542 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 n GRUB's configu\n-00003f20: 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 7420 ration...Detect \n-00003f30: 616c 6c20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 5241 all installed RA\n-00003f40: 4d0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 M. GRUB can \n-00003f50: 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 2061 generally find a\n-00003f60: 6c6c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 ll the installed\n-00003f70: 2052 414d 206f 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d RAM on a PC-com\n-00003f80: 7061 7469 626c 650a 2020 2020 206d 6163 patible. mac\n-00003f90: 6869 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 7573 6573 2061 hine. It uses a\n-00003fa0: 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2042 494f 5320 n advanced BIOS \n-00003fb0: 7175 6572 7920 7465 6368 6e69 7175 6520 query technique \n-00003fc0: 666f 7220 6669 6e64 696e 6720 616c 6c0a for finding all.\n-00003fd0: 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 memory regi\n-00003fe0: 6f6e 732e 2020 4173 2064 6573 6372 6962 ons. As describ\n-00003ff0: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 ed on the Multib\n-00004000: 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot Specificatio\n-00004010: 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 n (*note. Mu\n-00004020: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n-00004030: 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ation: (multiboo\n-00004040: 7429 546f 702e 292c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c t)Top.), not all\n-00004050: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206d 616b 6520 7573 kernels make us\n-00004060: 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6973 2069 e. of this i\n-00004070: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 nformation, but \n-00004080: 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6974 GRUB provides it\n-00004090: 2066 6f72 2074 686f 7365 2077 686f 2064 for those who d\n-000040a0: 6f2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 4c6f 6769 o...Support Logi\n-000040b0: 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 6472 6573 cal Block Addres\n-000040c0: 7320 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2074 s mode. In t\n-000040d0: 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 6973 6b20 raditional disk \n-000040e0: 6361 6c6c 7320 2863 616c 6c65 6420 e280 calls (called ..\n-000040f0: 9c43 4853 206d 6f64 65e2 809d 292c 2074 .CHS mode...), t\n-00004100: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6765 6f6d 6574 here is a geomet\n-00004110: 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 ry. translat\n-00004120: 696f 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2074 6861 ion problem, tha\n-00004130: 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2063 t is, the BIOS c\n-00004140: 616e 6e6f 7420 6163 6365 7373 206f 7665 annot access ove\n-00004150: 7220 3130 3234 0a20 2020 2020 6379 6c69 r 1024. cyli\n-00004160: 6e64 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6163 nders, so the ac\n-00004170: 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 cessible space i\n-00004180: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2061 7420 s limited to at \n-00004190: 6c65 6173 7420 3530 3820 4d42 0a20 2020 least 508 MB. \n-000041a0: 2020 616e 6420 746f 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 and to at most\n-000041b0: 2038 4742 2e20 4752 5542 2063 616e 2774 8GB. GRUB can't\n-000041c0: 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2073 6f6c universally sol\n-000041d0: 7665 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c ve this problem,\n-000041e0: 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7265 2069 as. there i\n-000041f0: 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e s no standard in\n-00004200: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 terface used in \n-00004210: 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e20 2048 all machines. H\n-00004220: 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6576 owever,. sev\n-00004230: 6572 616c 206e 6577 6572 206d 6163 6869 eral newer machi\n-00004240: 6e65 7320 6861 7665 2074 6865 206e 6577 nes have the new\n-00004250: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 interface, Logi\n-00004260: 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 cal Block. A\n-00004270: 6464 7265 7373 2028 e280 9c4c 4241 e280 ddress (...LBA..\n-00004280: 9d29 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4752 5542 2061 .) mode. GRUB a\n-00004290: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 utomatically det\n-000042a0: 6563 7473 2069 6620 4c42 4120 6d6f 6465 ects if LBA mode\n-000042b0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 is. availab\n-000042c0: 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 6974 2069 le and uses it i\n-000042d0: 6620 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 496e f available. In\n-000042e0: 204c 4241 206d 6f64 652c 2047 5255 4220 LBA mode, GRUB \n-000042f0: 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 can access. \n-00004300: 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b2e the entire disk.\n-00004310: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 ..Support networ\n-00004320: 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a 2020 2020 2047 k booting. G\n-00004330: 5255 4220 6973 2062 6173 6963 616c 6c79 RUB is basically\n-00004340: 2061 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 7365 6420 626f a disk-based bo\n-00004350: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6275 7420 616c ot loader but al\n-00004360: 736f 2068 6173 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 so has network. \n-00004370: 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 742e 2020 596f support. Yo\n-00004380: 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204f 5320 696d u can load OS im\n-00004390: 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 ages from a netw\n-000043a0: 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 ork by using the\n-000043b0: 20e2 809c 5446 5450 e280 9d0a 2020 2020 ...TFTP.... \n-000043c0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 7070 protocol...Supp\n-000043d0: 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 ort remote termi\n-000043e0: 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f 2073 7570 nals. To sup\n-000043f0: 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 port computers w\n-00004400: 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 ith no console, \n-00004410: 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 7265 GRUB provides re\n-00004420: 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 mote terminal. \n-00004430: 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 736f 2074 support, so t\n-00004440: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 hat you can cont\n-00004450: 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 rol GRUB from a \n-00004460: 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e 2020 4f6e remote host. On\n-00004470: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 2074 ly. serial t\n-00004480: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 erminal support \n-00004490: 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 is implemented a\n-000044a0: 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a1f t the moment....\n-000044b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000044c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 7475 7265 , Node: Feature\n-000044d0: 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 s-Footnotes, Up\n-000044e0: 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 2028 : Features.. (\n-000044f0: 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 442f 6933 1) The NetBSD/i3\n-00004500: 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 204d 756c 86 kernel is Mul\n-00004510: 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 tiboot-compliant\n-00004520: 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 7375 7070 , but lacks supp\n-00004530: 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ort.for Multiboo\n-00004540: 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2028 t modules... (\n-00004550: 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 3220 6461 2) Only CRC32 da\n-00004560: 7461 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2063 6865 ta integrity che\n-00004570: 636b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 ck is supported \n-00004580: 2878 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2043 (xz default is C\n-00004590: 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 6f75 RC64.so one shou\n-000045a0: 6c64 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 6b3d 6372 ld use -check=cr\n-000045b0: 6333 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 4c5a c32 option). LZ\n-000045c0: 4d41 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 7273 2061 MA BCJ filters a\n-000045d0: 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 re supported... \n-000045e0: 2020 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 (3) There are \n-000045f0: 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 6963 a few pathologic\n-00004600: 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 206c al cases where l\n-00004610: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 7920 6261 oading a very ba\n-00004620: 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 454c dly.organized EL\n-00004630: 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 6874 2074 F kernel might t\n-00004640: 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 7420 ake longer, but \n-00004650: 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 7468 6973 in practice this\n-00004660: 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e 0a0a never.happen...\n-00004670: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00004680: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 206f o, Node: Role o\n-00004690: 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c f a boot loader,\n-000046a0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 Prev: Features\n-000046b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 , Up: Introduct\n-000046c0: 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 2072 6f6c ion..1.5 The rol\n-000046d0: 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 e of a boot load\n-000046e0: 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d er.=============\n+000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 =========..GRUB \n+000021e0: 3220 6973 2061 2072 6577 7269 7465 206f 2 is a rewrite o\n+000021f0: 6620 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4869 f GRUB (*note Hi\n+00002200: 7374 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 story::), althou\n+00002210: 6768 2069 7420 7368 6172 6573 206d 616e gh it shares man\n+00002220: 790a 6368 6172 6163 7465 7269 7374 6963 y.characteristic\n+00002230: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 s with the previ\n+00002240: 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 206e 6f77 ous version, now\n+00002250: 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4752 5542 204c known as GRUB L\n+00002260: 6567 6163 792e 0a55 7365 7273 206f 6620 egacy..Users of \n+00002270: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 6d61 7920 GRUB Legacy may \n+00002280: 6e65 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 6775 6964 616e need some guidan\n+00002290: 6365 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6972 ce to find their\n+000022a0: 2077 6179 2061 726f 756e 640a 7468 6973 way around.this\n+000022b0: 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 new version... \n+000022c0: 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 ... The config\n+000022d0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2068 6173 uration file has\n+000022e0: 2061 206e 6577 206e 616d 6520 28e2 8098 a new name (...\n+000022f0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 7261 7468 grub.cfg... rath\n+00002300: 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 er than. ...\n+00002310: 6d65 6e75 2e6c 7374 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 menu.lst... or .\n+00002320: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6f6e 66e2 8099 292c ..grub.conf...),\n+00002330: 206e 6577 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f new syntax (*no\n+00002340: 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e te Configuration\n+00002350: 3a3a 2920 616e 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e ::) and. man\n+00002360: 7920 6e65 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 y new commands (\n+00002370: 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a *note Commands::\n+00002380: 292e 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ). 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This is \n+00002680: 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e not available in\n+00002690: 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 all. config\n+000026a0: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 urations (*note \n+000026b0: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 Environment bloc\n+000026c0: 6b3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 k::)... ... 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GRUB 2 can\n+00002910: 2072 6561 6420 6669 6c65 7320 6469 7265 read files dire\n+00002920: 6374 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 616e ctly from LVM an\n+00002930: 6420 5241 4944 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a d RAID devices..\n+00002940: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4120 6772 6170 6869 . ... A graphi\n+00002950: 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2061 6e64 cal terminal and\n+00002960: 2061 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e a graphical men\n+00002970: 7520 7379 7374 656d 2061 7265 2061 7661 u system are ava\n+00002980: 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ilable... ... \n+00002990: 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6661 GRUB 2's interfa\n+000029a0: 6365 2063 616e 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c ce can be transl\n+000029b0: 6174 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 ated, including \n+000029c0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206e 616d 6573 menu entry names\n+000029d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 696d ... ... The im\n+000029e0: 6167 6520 6669 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 age files (*note\n+000029f0: 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 Images::) that \n+00002a00: 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 make up GRUB hav\n+00002a10: 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 e been. reor\n+00002a20: 6761 6e69 7365 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 ganised; Stage 1\n+00002a30: 2c20 5374 6167 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 , Stage 1.5, and\n+00002a40: 2053 7461 6765 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 Stage 2 are no \n+00002a50: 6d6f 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 more... ... GR\n+00002a60: 5542 2032 2070 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 UB 2 puts many f\n+00002a70: 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e acilities in dyn\n+00002a80: 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 amically loaded \n+00002a90: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e modules, allowin\n+00002aa0: 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 g. the core \n+00002ab0: 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c image to be smal\n+00002ac0: 6c65 722c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e ler, and allowin\n+00002ad0: 6720 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 g the core image\n+00002ae0: 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c to be. buil\n+00002af0: 7420 696e 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 t in more flexib\n+00002b00: 6c65 2077 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 le ways.....File\n+00002b10: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00002b20: 6465 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e de: Features, N\n+00002b30: 6578 743a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 ext: Role of a b\n+00002b40: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 oot loader, Pre\n+00002b50: 763a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 v: Changes from \n+00002b60: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 GRUB Legacy, Up\n+00002b70: 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a : Introduction..\n+00002b80: 312e 3420 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 1.4 GRUB feature\n+00002b90: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+00002ba0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 ===..The primary\n+00002bb0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 requirement for\n+00002bc0: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 GRUB is that it\n+00002bd0: 2062 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 be compliant wi\n+00002be0: 7468 2074 6865 0ae2 809c 4d75 6c74 6962 th the....Multib\n+00002bf0: 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot Specificatio\n+00002c00: 6ee2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2064 n..., which is d\n+00002c10: 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 escribed in *not\n+00002c20: 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 e Multiboot.Spec\n+00002c30: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 ification: (mult\n+00002c40: 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 iboot)Top... T\n+00002c50: 6865 206f 7468 6572 2067 6f61 6c73 2c20 he other goals, \n+00002c60: 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 6170 7072 6f78 listed in approx\n+00002c70: 696d 6174 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2069 imate order of i\n+00002c80: 6d70 6f72 7461 6e63 652c 2061 7265 3a0a mportance, are:.\n+00002c90: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4261 7369 6320 6675 . ... Basic fu\n+00002ca0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 nctions must be \n+00002cb0: 7374 7261 6967 6874 666f 7277 6172 6420 straightforward \n+00002cc0: 666f 7220 656e 642d 7573 6572 732e 0a0a for end-users...\n+00002cd0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2052 6963 6820 6675 6e63 ... Rich func\n+00002ce0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 746f 2073 7570 tionality to sup\n+00002cf0: 706f 7274 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6578 7065 port kernel expe\n+00002d00: 7274 7320 616e 6420 6465 7369 676e 6572 rts and designer\n+00002d10: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2042 6163 6b77 s... ... 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There is n\n+00003410: 6f20 6669 7865 6420 6c69 6d69 7420 6f6e o fixed limit on\n+00003420: 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 0a20 the number of. \n+00003430: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 boot entries\n+00003440: 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e , and the curren\n+00003450: 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e t implementation\n+00003460: 2068 6173 2073 7061 6365 2066 6f72 2073 has space for s\n+00003470: 6576 6572 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6875 6e64 everal. hund\n+00003480: 7265 642e 0a0a 4861 7665 2061 2066 6c65 red...Have a fle\n+00003490: 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 xible command-li\n+000034a0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 ne interface. \n+000034b0: 2020 4120 6661 6972 6c79 2066 6c65 7869 A fairly flexi\n+000034c0: 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ble command-line\n+000034d0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 6163 6365 interface, acce\n+000034e0: 7373 6962 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 ssible from the \n+000034f0: 6d65 6e75 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6176 menu,. is av\n+00003500: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2065 6469 7420 ailable to edit \n+00003510: 616e 7920 7072 6573 6574 2063 6f6d 6d61 any preset comma\n+00003520: 6e64 732c 206f 7220 7772 6974 6520 6120 nds, or write a \n+00003530: 6e65 7720 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f new boot. co\n+00003540: 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7420 6672 6f6d 2073 mmand set from s\n+00003550: 6372 6174 6368 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 cratch. If no c\n+00003560: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00003570: 6520 6973 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2c0a 2020 e is present,. \n+00003580: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6472 6f70 7320 746f GRUB drops to\n+00003590: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n+000035a0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 e... The lis\n+000035b0: 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a t of commands (*\n+000035c0: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 note Commands::)\n+000035d0: 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 7420 6f66 are a subset of\n+000035e0: 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 those. supp\n+000035f0: 6f72 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f 6e66 6967 orted for config\n+00003600: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 2020 uration files. \n+00003610: 4564 6974 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Editing commands\n+00003620: 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 closely. re\n+00003630: 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 6520 4261 7368 sembles the Bash\n+00003640: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 282a command-line (*\n+00003650: 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a 2028 6665 6174 note Bash: (feat\n+00003660: 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 6e64 204c 696e ures)Command Lin\n+00003670: 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 7469 6e67 2e29 e. 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(inc\n+00003800: 6c75 6469 6e67 2072 6169 6430 2c20 7261 luding raid0, ra\n+00003810: 6964 312c 2072 6169 6431 302c 2067 7a69 id1, raid10, gzi\n+00003820: 7020 616e 6420 6c7a 6f29 2c20 e280 9c63 p and lzo), ...c\n+00003830: 7069 6fe2 809d 0a20 2020 2020 286c 6974 pio.... 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(including Jol\n+00003900: 6965 742c 2052 6f63 6b2d 7269 6467 6520 iet, Rock-ridge \n+00003910: 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 692d 6368 756e 6b0a and multi-chunk.\n+00003920: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 292c 20e2 809c files), ...\n+00003930: 4a46 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c4d 696e 6978 JFS..., ...Minix\n+00003940: 2066 73e2 809d 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e73 fs... (versions\n+00003950: 2031 2c20 3220 616e 6420 3329 2c20 e280 1, 2 and 3), ..\n+00003960: 9c6e 696c 6673 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c4e .nilfs2..., ...N\n+00003970: 5446 53e2 809d 0a20 2020 2020 2869 6e63 TFS.... (inc\n+00003980: 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 luding compressi\n+00003990: 6f6e 292c 20e2 809c 5265 6973 6572 4653 on), ...ReiserFS\n+000039a0: e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 524f 4d46 53e2 809d ..., ...ROMFS...\n+000039b0: 2c20 e280 9c41 6d69 6761 2053 6d61 7274 , ...Amiga Smart\n+000039c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c65 5379 7374 656d . 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(including lzj\n+00003a40: 622c 2067 7a69 702c 207a 6c65 2c20 6d69 b, gzip, zle, mi\n+00003a50: 7272 6f72 2c20 7374 7269 7065 2c20 7261 rror, stripe, ra\n+00003a60: 6964 7a31 2f32 2f33 0a20 2020 2020 616e idz1/2/3. an\n+00003a70: 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 d encryption in \n+00003a80: 4145 532d 4343 4d20 616e 6420 4145 532d AES-CCM and AES-\n+00003a90: 4743 4d29 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 GCM). *Note File\n+00003aa0: 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2c20 666f 720a 2020 system::, for. \n+00003ab0: 2020 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 more informat\n+00003ac0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6175 ion...Support au\n+00003ad0: 746f 6d61 7469 6320 6465 636f 6d70 7265 tomatic decompre\n+00003ae0: 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2043 616e 2064 ssion. Can d\n+00003af0: 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 6669 6c65 7320 ecompress files \n+00003b00: 7768 6963 6820 7765 7265 2063 6f6d 7072 which were compr\n+00003b10: 6573 7365 6420 6279 20e2 8098 677a 6970 essed by ...gzip\n+00003b20: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 787a e280 9928 ... or ...xz...(\n+00003b30: 3229 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 2). (*note F\n+00003b40: 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 eatures-Footnote\n+00003b50: 2d32 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e -2::). This fun\n+00003b60: 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2062 6f74 6820 6175 ction is both au\n+00003b70: 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e 640a 2020 2020 tomatic and. \n+00003b80: 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2074 6f20 transparent to \n+00003b90: 7468 6520 7573 6572 2028 692e 652e 2020 the user (i.e. \n+00003ba0: 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f70 all functions op\n+00003bb0: 6572 6174 6520 7570 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 erate upon the. \n+00003bc0: 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 uncompressed\n+00003bd0: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 contents of the\n+00003be0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c 6573 specified files\n+00003bf0: 292e 2020 5468 6973 2067 7265 6174 6c79 ). This greatly\n+00003c00: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6475 6365 7320 6120 . reduces a \n+00003c10: 6669 6c65 2073 697a 6520 616e 6420 6c6f file size and lo\n+00003c20: 6164 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2c20 6120 7061 ading time, a pa\n+00003c30: 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2067 7265 6174 rticularly great\n+00003c40: 2062 656e 6566 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f benefit. fo\n+00003c50: 7220 666c 6f70 7069 6573 2e28 3329 2020 r floppies.(3) \n+00003c60: 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d (*note Features-\n+00003c70: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d33 3a3a 290a 0a20 Footnote-3::).. \n+00003c80: 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6569 It is concei\n+00003c90: 7661 626c 6520 7468 6174 2073 6f6d 6520 vable that some \n+00003ca0: 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 kernel modules s\n+00003cb0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 hould be loaded \n+00003cc0: 696e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 7265 in a. compre\n+00003cd0: 7373 6564 2073 7461 7465 2c20 736f 2061 ssed state, so a\n+00003ce0: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 756c different modul\n+00003cf0: 652d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e e-loading comman\n+00003d00: 6420 6361 6e20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7370 d can be. sp\n+00003d10: 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 2061 766f 6964 ecified to avoid\n+00003d20: 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 uncompressing t\n+00003d30: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a41 6363 he modules...Acc\n+00003d40: 6573 7320 6461 7461 206f 6e20 616e 7920 ess data on any \n+00003d50: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6465 7669 6365 installed device\n+00003d60: 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 . Support re\n+00003d70: 6164 696e 6720 6461 7461 2066 726f 6d20 ading data from \n+00003d80: 616e 7920 6f72 2061 6c6c 2066 6c6f 7070 any or all flopp\n+00003d90: 6965 7320 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b ies or hard disk\n+00003da0: 2873 290a 2020 2020 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 (s). recogni\n+00003db0: 7a65 6420 6279 2074 6865 2042 494f 532c zed by the BIOS,\n+00003dc0: 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 independent of \n+00003dd0: 7468 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 6f66 2074 the setting of t\n+00003de0: 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 he root. dev\n+00003df0: 6963 652e 0a0a 4265 2069 6e64 6570 656e ice...Be indepen\n+00003e00: 6465 6e74 206f 6620 6472 6976 6520 6765 dent of drive ge\n+00003e10: 6f6d 6574 7279 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 ometry translati\n+00003e20: 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 ons. Unlike \n+00003e30: 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 many other boot \n+00003e40: 6c6f 6164 6572 732c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 loaders, GRUB ma\n+00003e50: 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c kes the particul\n+00003e60: 6172 2064 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 7472 ar drive. tr\n+00003e70: 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 anslation irrele\n+00003e80: 7661 6e74 2e20 2041 2064 7269 7665 2069 vant. A drive i\n+00003e90: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 6e64 2072 756e nstalled and run\n+00003ea0: 6e69 6e67 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 ning with one. \n+00003eb0: 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d translation m\n+00003ec0: 6179 2062 6520 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 ay be converted \n+00003ed0: 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2074 7261 6e73 to another trans\n+00003ee0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 lation without a\n+00003ef0: 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7665 7273 6520 ny. adverse \n+00003f00: 6566 6665 6374 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 effects or chang\n+00003f10: 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2773 2063 6f6e es in GRUB's con\n+00003f20: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 figuration...Det\n+00003f30: 6563 7420 616c 6c20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 ect all installe\n+00003f40: 6420 5241 4d0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 d RAM. GRUB \n+00003f50: 6361 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 can generally fi\n+00003f60: 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 nd all the insta\n+00003f70: 6c6c 6564 2052 414d 206f 6e20 6120 5043 lled RAM on a PC\n+00003f80: 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 650a 2020 2020 -compatible. \n+00003f90: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 7573 machine. It us\n+00003fa0: 6573 2061 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2042 es an advanced B\n+00003fb0: 494f 5320 7175 6572 7920 7465 6368 6e69 IOS query techni\n+00003fc0: 7175 6520 666f 7220 6669 6e64 696e 6720 que for finding \n+00003fd0: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 all. memory \n+00003fe0: 7265 6769 6f6e 732e 2020 4173 2064 6573 regions. As des\n+00003ff0: 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 cribed on the Mu\n+00004000: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n+00004010: 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 ation (*note. \n+00004020: 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 Multiboot Spec\n+00004030: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 ification: (mult\n+00004040: 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 292c 206e 6f74 iboot)Top.), not\n+00004050: 2061 6c6c 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206d 616b all kernels mak\n+00004060: 6520 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 e use. of th\n+00004070: 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 is information, \n+00004080: 6275 7420 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 but GRUB provide\n+00004090: 7320 6974 2066 6f72 2074 686f 7365 2077 s it for those w\n+000040a0: 686f 2064 6f2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 ho do...Support \n+000040b0: 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 Logical Block Ad\n+000040c0: 6472 6573 7320 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 dress mode. \n+000040d0: 496e 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 In traditional d\n+000040e0: 6973 6b20 6361 6c6c 7320 2863 616c 6c65 isk calls (calle\n+000040f0: 6420 e280 9c43 4853 206d 6f64 65e2 809d d ...CHS mode...\n+00004100: 292c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6765 ), there is a ge\n+00004110: 6f6d 6574 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e ometry. tran\n+00004120: 736c 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c slation problem,\n+00004130: 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 4249 that is, the BI\n+00004140: 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6163 6365 7373 OS cannot access\n+00004150: 206f 7665 7220 3130 3234 0a20 2020 2020 over 1024. \n+00004160: 6379 6c69 6e64 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 cylinders, so th\n+00004170: 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 7061 e accessible spa\n+00004180: 6365 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f ce is limited to\n+00004190: 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3530 3820 4d42 at least 508 MB\n+000041a0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 746f 2061 7420 . and to at \n+000041b0: 6d6f 7374 2038 4742 2e20 4752 5542 2063 most 8GB. GRUB c\n+000041c0: 616e 2774 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 an't universally\n+000041d0: 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 solve this prob\n+000041e0: 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 lem, as. the\n+000041f0: 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 re is no standar\n+00004200: 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7573 6564 d interface used\n+00004210: 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 6573 in all machines\n+00004220: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 2020 . However,. \n+00004230: 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e 6577 6572 206d several newer m\n+00004240: 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 7665 2074 6865 achines have the\n+00004250: 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 new interface, \n+00004260: 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 Logical Block. \n+00004270: 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2028 e280 9c4c Address (...L\n+00004280: 4241 e280 9d29 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4752 BA...) mode. GR\n+00004290: 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 UB automatically\n+000042a0: 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 4c42 4120 detects if LBA \n+000042b0: 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 mode is. ava\n+000042c0: 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 ilable and uses \n+000042d0: 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e it if available.\n+000042e0: 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 652c 2047 In LBA mode, G\n+000042f0: 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 RUB can access. \n+00004300: 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 the entire d\n+00004310: 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e65 isk...Support ne\n+00004320: 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a 2020 twork booting. \n+00004330: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2062 6173 6963 GRUB is basic\n+00004340: 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 7365 ally a disk-base\n+00004350: 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6275 d boot loader bu\n+00004360: 7420 616c 736f 2068 6173 206e 6574 776f t also has netwo\n+00004370: 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 742e rk. support.\n+00004380: 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204f You can load O\n+00004390: 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 S images from a \n+000043a0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 7369 6e67 network by using\n+000043b0: 2074 6865 20e2 809c 5446 5450 e280 9d0a the ...TFTP....\n+000043c0: 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a protocol...\n+000043d0: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 Support remote t\n+000043e0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f erminals. To\n+000043f0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 support compute\n+00004400: 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f rs with no conso\n+00004410: 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 le, GRUB provide\n+00004420: 7320 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 s remote termina\n+00004430: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 l. support, \n+00004440: 736f 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 so that you can \n+00004450: 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f control GRUB fro\n+00004460: 6d20 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e m a remote host.\n+00004470: 2020 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 Only. seri\n+00004480: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 al terminal supp\n+00004490: 6f72 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 ort is implement\n+000044a0: 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 ed at the moment\n+000044b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000044c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 info, Node: Fea\n+000044d0: 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c tures-Footnotes,\n+000044e0: 2020 5570 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a Up: Features..\n+000044f0: 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 (1) The NetBS\n+00004500: 442f 6933 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 D/i386 kernel is\n+00004510: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c Multiboot-compl\n+00004520: 6961 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 iant, but lacks \n+00004530: 7375 7070 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 support.for Mult\n+00004540: 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a iboot modules...\n+00004550: 2020 2028 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 (2) Only CRC3\n+00004560: 3220 6461 7461 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2 data integrity\n+00004570: 2063 6865 636b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 check is suppor\n+00004580: 7465 6420 2878 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 ted (xz default \n+00004590: 6973 2043 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 is CRC64.so one \n+000045a0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 should use -chec\n+000045b0: 6b3d 6372 6333 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e k=crc32 option).\n+000045c0: 2020 4c5a 4d41 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 LZMA BCJ filte\n+000045d0: 7273 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 rs are supported\n+000045e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 ... (3) There \n+000045f0: 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c are a few pathol\n+00004600: 6f67 6963 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 ogical cases whe\n+00004610: 7265 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 re loading a ver\n+00004620: 7920 6261 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 y badly.organize\n+00004630: 6420 454c 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 d ELF kernel mig\n+00004640: 6874 2074 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 ht take longer, \n+00004650: 6275 7420 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 but in practice \n+00004660: 7468 6973 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 this never.happe\n+00004670: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+00004680: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f .info, Node: Ro\n+00004690: 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 le of a boot loa\n+000046a0: 6465 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 der, Prev: Feat\n+000046b0: 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f ures, Up: Intro\n+000046c0: 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 duction..1.5 The\n+000046d0: 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 role of a boot \n+000046e0: 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d loader.=========\n 000046f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004700: 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 ..The following \n-00004710: 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 is a quotation f\n-00004720: 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 rom Gordon Matzi\n-00004730: 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 4220 6661 gkeit, a GRUB fa\n-00004740: 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d natic:.. Som\n-00004750: 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b 6520 746f e people like to\n-00004760: 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 2062 6f74 acknowledge bot\n-00004770: 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 h the operating \n-00004780: 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 system and. \n-00004790: 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6579 kernel when they\n-000047a0: 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6569 talk about thei\n-000047b0: 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c 2073 6f20 r computers, so \n-000047c0: 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 6179 2074 they might say t\n-000047d0: 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 2022 474e hey. use \"GN\n-000047e0: 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 2247 4e55 U/Linux\" or \"GNU\n-000047f0: 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2070 /Hurd\". Other p\n-00004800: 656f 706c 6520 7365 656d 2074 6f20 7468 eople seem to th\n-00004810: 696e 6b20 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ink that the. \n-00004820: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 7468 6520 kernel is the \n-00004830: 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2070 most important p\n-00004840: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 art of the syste\n-00004850: 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206c 696b 6520 m, so they like \n-00004860: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 6865 to. call the\n-00004870: 6972 2047 4e55 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 ir GNU operating\n-00004880: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 7820 systems \"Linux \n-00004890: 7379 7374 656d 732e 220a 0a20 2020 2020 systems.\".. \n-000048a0: 492c 2070 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 I, personally, b\n-000048b0: 656c 6965 7665 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 elieve that this\n-000048c0: 2069 7320 6120 6772 6176 6520 696e 6a75 is a grave inju\n-000048d0: 7374 6963 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 stice, because t\n-000048e0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 6c6f he. _boot lo\n-000048f0: 6164 6572 5f20 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 ader_ is the mos\n-00004900: 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 736f 6674 t important soft\n-00004910: 7761 7265 206f 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 4920 ware of all. I \n-00004920: 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6566 used to. ref\n-00004930: 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 er to the above \n-00004940: 7379 7374 656d 7320 6173 2065 6974 6865 systems as eithe\n-00004950: 7220 224c 494c 4f22 2831 2920 282a 6e6f r \"LILO\"(1) (*no\n-00004960: 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 te Role of a. \n-00004970: 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722d 466f boot loader-Fo\n-00004980: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 2022 otnote-1::) or \"\n-00004990: 4752 5542 2220 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a GRUB\" systems...\n-000049a0: 2020 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 Unfortunate\n-000049b0: 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 7665 7220 ly, nobody ever \n-000049c0: 756e 6465 7273 746f 6f64 2077 6861 7420 understood what \n-000049d0: 4920 7761 7320 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 6162 I was talking ab\n-000049e0: 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 4920 out; now. I \n-000049f0: 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 6f72 just use the wor\n-00004a00: 6420 2247 4e55 2220 6173 2061 2070 7365 d \"GNU\" as a pse\n-00004a10: 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422e udonym for GRUB.\n-00004a20: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 796f .. So, if yo\n-00004a30: 7520 6576 6572 2068 6561 7220 7065 6f70 u ever hear peop\n-00004a40: 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 626f 7574 le talking about\n-00004a50: 2074 6865 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 2022 their alleged \"\n-00004a60: 474e 5522 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d GNU\". system\n-00004a70: 732c 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 s, remember that\n-00004a80: 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6163 7475 616c they are actual\n-00004a90: 6c79 2070 6179 696e 6720 686f 6d61 6765 ly paying homage\n-00004aa0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 7374 0a20 2020 to the best. \n-00004ab0: 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6172 boot loader ar\n-00004ac0: 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 210a 0a20 ound... GRUB!.. \n-00004ad0: 2020 5765 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d We, the GRUB m\n-00004ae0: 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 646f 206e aintainers, do n\n-00004af0: 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 6e63 ot (usually) enc\n-00004b00: 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 7320 ourage Gordon's \n-00004b10: 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e 6174 6963 level.of fanatic\n-00004b20: 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6865 6c70 ism, but it help\n-00004b30: 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 s to remember th\n-00004b40: 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 at boot loaders \n-00004b50: 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f 676e 6974 deserve.recognit\n-00004b60: 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 6520 7468 ion. We hope th\n-00004b70: 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 7369 at you enjoy usi\n-00004b80: 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6173 206d ng GNU GRUB as m\n-00004b90: 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 640a 7772 uch as we did.wr\n-00004ba0: 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c iting it.....Fil\n-00004bb0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00004bc0: 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 ode: Role of a b\n-00004bd0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f 746e oot loader-Footn\n-00004be0: 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 6f6c 6520 otes, Up: Role \n-00004bf0: 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 of a boot loader\n-00004c00: 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204c 496e .. (1) The LIn\n-00004c10: 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 2062 6f6f ux LOader, a boo\n-00004c20: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 6576 t loader that ev\n-00004c30: 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 2c20 6275 erybody uses, bu\n-00004c40: 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 2e0a t nobody.likes..\n-00004c50: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00004c60: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 616d 696e fo, Node: Namin\n-00004c70: 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e g convention, N\n-00004c80: 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 ext: OS-specific\n-00004c90: 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 notes about gru\n-00004ca0: 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 b tools, Prev: \n-00004cb0: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 Introduction, U\n-00004cc0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 6e67 p: Top..2 Naming\n-00004cd0: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a convention.****\n-00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-00004cf0: 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 .The device synt\n-00004d00: 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 4220 ax used in GRUB \n-00004d10: 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 2064 6966 is a wee bit dif\n-00004d20: 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6174 ferent from what\n-00004d30: 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 6520 7365 you may.have se\n-00004d40: 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e 2079 6f75 en before in you\n-00004d50: 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 r operating syst\n-00004d60: 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206e em(s), and you n\n-00004d70: 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 2073 eed to know it s\n-00004d80: 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 o.that you can s\n-00004d90: 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 7665 2f70 pecify a drive/p\n-00004da0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f artition... Lo\n-00004db0: 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ok at the follow\n-00004dc0: 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 6e64 ing examples and\n-00004dd0: 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a explanations:..\n-00004de0: 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 2046 (fd0).. F\n-00004df0: 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 5255 irst of all, GRU\n-00004e00: 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 6861 7420 B requires that \n-00004e10: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 the device name \n-00004e20: 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 7468 be enclosed with\n-00004e30: 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 ...(....and ...\n-00004e40: 29e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6664 ).... The ...fd\n-00004e50: e280 9920 7061 7274 206d 6561 6e73 2074 ... part means t\n-00004e60: 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6120 666c 6f70 hat it is a flop\n-00004e70: 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 6520 6e75 py disk. The nu\n-00004e80: 6d62 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 7320 mber ...0....is \n-00004e90: 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 the drive number\n-00004ea0: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 6f75 6e74 , which is count\n-00004eb0: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f 2e20 ed from _zero_. \n-00004ec0: 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e This expression\n-00004ed0: 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 .means that GRUB\n-00004ee0: 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7768 will use the wh\n-00004ef0: 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e ole floppy disk.\n-00004f00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f .. (hd0,msdo\n-00004f10: 7332 290a 0a20 2020 4865 7265 2c20 e280 s2).. Here, ..\n-00004f20: 9868 64e2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 .hd... means it \n-00004f30: 6973 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 is a hard disk d\n-00004f40: 7269 7665 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 rive. The first\n-00004f50: 2069 6e74 6567 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 integer ...0...\n-00004f60: 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 2064 .indicates the d\n-00004f70: 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6861 rive number, tha\n-00004f80: 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 t is, the first \n-00004f90: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 hard disk, the s\n-00004fa0: 7472 696e 670a e280 986d 7364 6f73 e280 tring....msdos..\n-00004fb0: 9920 696e 6469 6361 7465 7320 7468 6520 . indicates the \n-00004fc0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 partition scheme\n-00004fd0: 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 7365 636f , while the seco\n-00004fe0: 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2c20 e280 9832 nd integer, ...2\n-00004ff0: e280 992c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 ...,.indicates t\n-00005000: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d he partition num\n-00005010: 6265 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 5043 2073 ber (or the PC s\n-00005020: 6c69 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 lice number in t\n-00005030: 6865 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f 6c6f he BSD.terminolo\n-00005040: 6779 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 gy). The partit\n-00005050: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6172 6520 ion numbers are \n-00005060: 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 205f 6f6e counted from _on\n-00005070: 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d 0a7a 6572 e_, not from.zer\n-00005080: 6f20 2861 7320 7761 7320 7468 6520 6361 o (as was the ca\n-00005090: 7365 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 se in previous v\n-000050a0: 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4229 ersions of GRUB)\n-000050b0: 2e20 5468 6973 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f . This expressio\n-000050c0: 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7365 636f n.means the seco\n-000050d0: 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 nd partition of \n-000050e0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n-000050f0: 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 496e 2074 isk drive. In t\n-00005100: 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 5542 2075 his case,.GRUB u\n-00005110: 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f ses one partitio\n-00005120: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2c 2069 n of the disk, i\n-00005130: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 7768 nstead of the wh\n-00005140: 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ole disk... \n-00005150: 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a0a 2020 (hd0,msdos5).. \n-00005160: 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 This specifies \n-00005170: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 e280 9c65 7874 the first ...ext\n-00005180: 656e 6465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6ee2 ended partition.\n-00005190: 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 .. of the first \n-000051a0: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 652e hard disk.drive.\n-000051b0: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 Note that the \n-000051c0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 partition number\n-000051d0: 7320 666f 7220 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2070 s for extended p\n-000051e0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 636f artitions are.co\n-000051f0: 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 35e2 unted from ...5.\n-00005200: 8099 2c20 7265 6761 7264 6c65 7373 206f .., regardless o\n-00005210: 6620 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 206e 756d f the actual num\n-00005220: 6265 7220 6f66 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 ber of primary p\n-00005230: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2079 6f75 artitions.on you\n-00005240: 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 r hard disk... \n-00005250: 2020 2028 6864 312c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 (hd1,msdos1,b\n-00005260: 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d65 sd1).. This me\n-00005270: 616e 7320 7468 6520 4253 4420 e280 9861 ans the BSD ...a\n-00005280: e280 9920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e ... partition on\n-00005290: 2066 6972 7374 2050 4320 736c 6963 6520 first PC slice \n-000052a0: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7468 650a 7365 number of the.se\n-000052b0: 636f 6e64 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e0a cond hard disk..\n-000052c0: 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 7273 652c 2074 . Of course, t\n-000052d0: 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2061 6363 6573 o actually acces\n-000052e0: 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b 7320 6f72 2070 s the disks or p\n-000052f0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 2047 artitions with G\n-00005300: 5255 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e 6565 6420 746f RUB, you.need to\n-00005310: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 use the device \n-00005320: 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 696e specification in\n-00005330: 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 6c69 6b65 a command, like\n-00005340: 20e2 8098 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6664 ...set root=(fd\n-00005350: 3029 e280 990a 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 7274 0)....or ...part\n-00005360: 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7333 tool (hd0,msdos3\n-00005370: 2920 6869 6464 656e 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 ) hidden-.... T\n-00005380: 6f20 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 696e 6420 o help you find \n-00005390: 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 out which number\n-000053a0: 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 2070 6172 .specifies a par\n-000053b0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 742c tition you want,\n-000053c0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e the GRUB comman\n-000053d0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f d-line (*note.Co\n-000053e0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n-000053f0: 6661 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 face::) options \n-00005400: 6861 7665 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 636f have argument co\n-00005410: 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 7320 mpletion. This \n-00005420: 6d65 616e 730a 7468 6174 2c20 666f 7220 means.that, for \n-00005430: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c example, you onl\n-00005440: 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a y need to type..\n-00005450: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 280a set root=(.\n-00005460: 0a20 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 . followed by \n-00005470: 6120 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 6e64 2047 5255 a , and GRU\n-00005480: 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 B will display t\n-00005490: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 he list of drive\n-000054a0: 732c 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 206f s,.partitions, o\n-000054b0: 7220 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2053 r file names. S\n-000054c0: 6f20 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2071 o it should be q\n-000054d0: 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f 2064 6574 uite easy to det\n-000054e0: 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 ermine the.name \n-000054f0: 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7461 7267 6574 2070 of your target p\n-00005500: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e 2077 artition, even w\n-00005510: 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 ith minimal know\n-00005520: 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 796e ledge of the.syn\n-00005530: 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 tax... Note th\n-00005540: 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 205f 6e6f at GRUB does _no\n-00005550: 745f 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 2049 t_ distinguish I\n-00005560: 4445 2066 726f 6d20 5343 5349 202d 2069 DE from SCSI - i\n-00005570: 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 t simply.counts \n-00005580: 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 the drive number\n-00005590: 7320 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 s from zero, reg\n-000055a0: 6172 646c 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 6972 ardless of their\n-000055b0: 2074 7970 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 type. Normally\n-000055c0: 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 4520 6472 6976 6520 ,.any IDE drive \n-000055d0: 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 number is less t\n-000055e0: 6861 6e20 616e 7920 5343 5349 2064 7269 han any SCSI dri\n-000055f0: 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2061 6c74 686f ve number, altho\n-00005600: 7567 6820 7468 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 ugh that.is not \n-00005610: 7472 7565 2069 6620 796f 7520 6368 616e true if you chan\n-00005620: 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 ge the boot sequ\n-00005630: 656e 6365 2062 7920 7377 6170 7069 6e67 ence by swapping\n-00005640: 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 490a 6472 IDE and SCSI.dr\n-00005650: 6976 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2042 494f ives in your BIO\n-00005660: 532e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 2074 6865 2071 S... Now the q\n-00005670: 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 686f 7720 uestion is, how \n-00005680: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2066 696c to specify a fil\n-00005690: 653f 2020 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 e? Again, consi\n-000056a0: 6465 7220 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a der an.example:.\n-000056b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 . (hd0,msdos\n-000056c0: 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 1)/vmlinuz.. T\n-000056d0: 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 his specifies th\n-000056e0: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 e file named ...\n-000056f0: 766d 6c69 6e75 7ae2 8099 2c20 666f 756e vmlinuz..., foun\n-00005700: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 d on the first p\n-00005710: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 artition.of the \n-00005720: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 first hard disk \n-00005730: 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 drive. Note tha\n-00005740: 7420 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 t the argument c\n-00005750: 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 776f 726b 730a ompletion works.\n-00005760: 7769 7468 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 732c with file names,\n-00005770: 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6174 2077 too... That w\n-00005780: 6173 2065 6173 792c 2061 646d 6974 2069 as easy, admit i\n-00005790: 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 7265 6164 2074 6865 t. Now read the\n-000057a0: 206e 6578 7420 6368 6170 7465 722c 2074 next chapter, t\n-000057b0: 6f20 6669 6e64 206f 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 o find out how.t\n-000057c0: 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 o actually insta\n-000057d0: 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 ll GRUB on your \n-000057e0: 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 drive.....File: \n-000057f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00005800: 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f : OS-specific no\n-00005810: 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 tes about grub t\n-00005820: 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e73 ools, Next: Ins\n-00005830: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 tallation, Prev\n-00005840: 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 : Naming convent\n-00005850: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 ion, Up: Top..3\n-00005860: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n-00005870: 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f es about grub to\n-00005880: 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ols.************\n+00004700: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ====..The follow\n+00004710: 696e 6720 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 ing is a quotati\n+00004720: 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d on from Gordon M\n+00004730: 6174 7a69 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 atzigkeit, a GRU\n+00004740: 4220 6661 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 B fanatic:.. \n+00004750: 2053 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b Some people lik\n+00004760: 6520 746f 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 e to acknowledge\n+00004770: 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 both the operat\n+00004780: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 ing system and. \n+00004790: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 kernel when \n+000047a0: 7468 6579 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 they talk about \n+000047b0: 7468 6569 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c their computers,\n+000047c0: 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 so they might s\n+000047d0: 6179 2074 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 ay they. use\n+000047e0: 2022 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 \"GNU/Linux\" or \n+000047f0: 2247 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 \"GNU/Hurd\". Oth\n+00004800: 6572 2070 656f 706c 6520 7365 656d 2074 er people seem t\n+00004810: 6f20 7468 696e 6b20 7468 6174 2074 6865 o think that the\n+00004820: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 . kernel is \n+00004830: 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 the most importa\n+00004840: 6e74 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 nt part of the s\n+00004850: 7973 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206c ystem, so they l\n+00004860: 696b 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6c6c ike to. call\n+00004870: 2074 6865 6972 2047 4e55 206f 7065 7261 their GNU opera\n+00004880: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 ting systems \"Li\n+00004890: 6e75 7820 7379 7374 656d 732e 220a 0a20 nux systems.\".. \n+000048a0: 2020 2020 492c 2070 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c I, personall\n+000048b0: 792c 2062 656c 6965 7665 2074 6861 7420 y, believe that \n+000048c0: 7468 6973 2069 7320 6120 6772 6176 6520 this is a grave \n+000048d0: 696e 6a75 7374 6963 652c 2062 6563 6175 injustice, becau\n+000048e0: 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f se the. _boo\n+000048f0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 6973 2074 6865 t loader_ is the\n+00004900: 206d 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 most important \n+00004910: 736f 6674 7761 7265 206f 6620 616c 6c2e software of all.\n+00004920: 2020 4920 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 I used to. \n+00004930: 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 refer to the ab\n+00004940: 6f76 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6173 2065 ove systems as e\n+00004950: 6974 6865 7220 224c 494c 4f22 2831 2920 ither \"LILO\"(1) \n+00004960: 282a 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 (*note Role of a\n+00004970: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 . boot loade\n+00004980: 722d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 r-Footnote-1::) \n+00004990: 6f72 2022 4752 5542 2220 7379 7374 656d or \"GRUB\" system\n+000049a0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 s... Unfortu\n+000049b0: 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 nately, nobody e\n+000049c0: 7665 7220 756e 6465 7273 746f 6f64 2077 ver understood w\n+000049d0: 6861 7420 4920 7761 7320 7461 6c6b 696e hat I was talkin\n+000049e0: 6720 6162 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 g about; now. \n+000049f0: 2020 4920 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2074 6865 I just use the\n+00004a00: 2077 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 2220 6173 2061 word \"GNU\" as a\n+00004a10: 2070 7365 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 2047 pseudonym for G\n+00004a20: 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 RUB... So, i\n+00004a30: 6620 796f 7520 6576 6572 2068 6561 7220 f you ever hear \n+00004a40: 7065 6f70 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 people talking a\n+00004a50: 626f 7574 2074 6865 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 bout their alleg\n+00004a60: 6564 2022 474e 5522 0a20 2020 2020 7379 ed \"GNU\". sy\n+00004a70: 7374 656d 732c 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 stems, remember \n+00004a80: 7468 6174 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6163 that they are ac\n+00004a90: 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6179 696e 6720 686f tually paying ho\n+00004aa0: 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 7374 mage to the best\n+00004ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 . boot loade\n+00004ac0: 7220 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 r around... GRUB\n+00004ad0: 210a 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 7468 6520 4752 !.. We, the GR\n+00004ae0: 5542 206d 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 UB maintainers, \n+00004af0: 646f 206e 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 do not (usually)\n+00004b00: 2065 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f encourage Gordo\n+00004b10: 6e27 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e n's level.of fan\n+00004b20: 6174 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 aticism, but it \n+00004b30: 6865 6c70 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 helps to remembe\n+00004b40: 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 r that boot load\n+00004b50: 6572 7320 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f ers deserve.reco\n+00004b60: 676e 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 gnition. We hop\n+00004b70: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 e that you enjoy\n+00004b80: 2075 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 using GNU GRUB \n+00004b90: 6173 206d 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 as much as we di\n+00004ba0: 640a 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f d.writing it....\n+00004bb0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00004bc0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 , Node: Role of\n+00004bd0: 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 a boot loader-F\n+00004be0: 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 ootnotes, Up: R\n+00004bf0: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n+00004c00: 6164 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 ader.. (1) The\n+00004c10: 204c 496e 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 LInux LOader, a\n+00004c20: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 boot loader tha\n+00004c30: 7420 6576 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 t everybody uses\n+00004c40: 2c20 6275 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b , but nobody.lik\n+00004c50: 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 es.....File: gru\n+00004c60: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e b.info, Node: N\n+00004c70: 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e aming convention\n+00004c80: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 , Next: OS-spec\n+00004c90: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 ific notes about\n+00004ca0: 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 grub tools, Pr\n+00004cb0: 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e ev: Introduction\n+00004cc0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 , Up: Top..2 Na\n+00004cd0: 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a ming convention.\n+00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 ***..The device \n+00004d00: 7379 6e74 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 syntax used in G\n+00004d10: 5255 4220 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 RUB is a wee bit\n+00004d20: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 different from \n+00004d30: 7768 6174 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 what you may.hav\n+00004d40: 6520 7365 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e e seen before in\n+00004d50: 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 your operating \n+00004d60: 7379 7374 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 system(s), and y\n+00004d70: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 ou need to know \n+00004d80: 6974 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 it so.that you c\n+00004d90: 616e 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 an specify a dri\n+00004da0: 7665 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 ve/partition... \n+00004db0: 2020 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f Look at the fo\n+00004dc0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 llowing examples\n+00004dd0: 2061 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e and explanation\n+00004de0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a s:.. (fd0)..\n+00004df0: 2020 2046 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c First of all,\n+00004e00: 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 GRUB requires t\n+00004e10: 6861 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e hat the device n\n+00004e20: 616d 6520 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 ame be enclosed \n+00004e30: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 0a61 6e64 with ...(....and\n+00004e40: 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 ...).... The .\n+00004e50: 8098 6664 e280 9920 7061 7274 206d 6561 ..fd... part mea\n+00004e60: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6120 ns that it is a \n+00004e70: 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 floppy disk. Th\n+00004e80: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 e number ...0...\n+00004e90: 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 .is the drive nu\n+00004ea0: 6d62 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 mber, which is c\n+00004eb0: 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 ounted from _zer\n+00004ec0: 6f5f 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 o_. This expres\n+00004ed0: 7369 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 sion.means that \n+00004ee0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7468 GRUB will use th\n+00004ef0: 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2064 e whole floppy d\n+00004f00: 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c isk... (hd0,\n+00004f10: 6d73 646f 7332 290a 0a20 2020 4865 7265 msdos2).. Here\n+00004f20: 2c20 e280 9868 64e2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 , ...hd... means\n+00004f30: 2069 7420 6973 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 it is a hard di\n+00004f40: 736b 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2054 6865 2066 sk drive. The f\n+00004f50: 6972 7374 2069 6e74 6567 6572 20e2 8098 irst integer ...\n+00004f60: 30e2 8099 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 0....indicates t\n+00004f70: 6865 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c he drive number,\n+00004f80: 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 6669 that is, the fi\n+00004f90: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 rst hard disk, t\n+00004fa0: 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a e280 986d 7364 he string....msd\n+00004fb0: 6f73 e280 9920 696e 6469 6361 7465 7320 os... indicates \n+00004fc0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7363 the partition sc\n+00004fd0: 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 heme, while the \n+00004fe0: 7365 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2c20 second integer, \n+00004ff0: e280 9832 e280 992c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 ...2...,.indicat\n+00005000: 6573 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e es the partition\n+00005010: 206e 756d 6265 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 number (or the \n+00005020: 5043 2073 6c69 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 PC slice number \n+00005030: 696e 2074 6865 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 in the BSD.termi\n+00005040: 6e6f 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 nology). The pa\n+00005050: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 rtition numbers \n+00005060: 6172 6520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d are counted from\n+00005070: 205f 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d _one_, not from\n+00005080: 0a7a 6572 6f20 2861 7320 7761 7320 7468 .zero (as was th\n+00005090: 6520 6361 7365 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f e case in previo\n+000050a0: 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 us versions of G\n+000050b0: 5255 4229 2e20 5468 6973 2065 7870 7265 RUB). This expre\n+000050c0: 7373 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 ssion.means the \n+000050d0: 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e second partition\n+000050e0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the first ha\n+000050f0: 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 rd disk drive. \n+00005100: 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 In this case,.GR\n+00005110: 5542 2075 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 UB uses one part\n+00005120: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 ition of the dis\n+00005130: 6b2c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 k, instead of th\n+00005140: 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 e whole disk... \n+00005150: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 (hd0,msdos5)\n+00005160: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 .. This specif\n+00005170: 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 e280 ies the first ..\n+00005180: 9c65 7874 656e 6465 6420 7061 7274 6974 .extended partit\n+00005190: 696f 6ee2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 ion... of the fi\n+000051a0: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 rst hard disk.dr\n+000051b0: 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ive. Note that \n+000051c0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 the partition nu\n+000051d0: 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 6578 7465 6e64 mbers for extend\n+000051e0: 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 ed partitions ar\n+000051f0: 650a 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 e.counted from .\n+00005200: 8098 35e2 8099 2c20 7265 6761 7264 6c65 ..5..., regardle\n+00005210: 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c ss of the actual\n+00005220: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2070 7269 6d61 number of prima\n+00005230: 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e ry partitions.on\n+00005240: 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e your hard disk.\n+00005250: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 312c 6d73 646f .. (hd1,msdo\n+00005260: 7331 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 s1,bsd1).. Thi\n+00005270: 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 4253 4420 s means the BSD \n+00005280: e280 9861 e280 9920 7061 7274 6974 696f ...a... partitio\n+00005290: 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 2050 4320 736c n on first PC sl\n+000052a0: 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7468 ice number of th\n+000052b0: 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 6420 6469 e.second hard di\n+000052c0: 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 7273 sk... Of cours\n+000052d0: 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2061 e, to actually a\n+000052e0: 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b 7320 ccess the disks \n+000052f0: 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 or partitions wi\n+00005300: 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e 6565 th GRUB, you.nee\n+00005310: 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6576 d to use the dev\n+00005320: 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f ice specificatio\n+00005330: 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 n in a command, \n+00005340: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 7420 726f 6f74 like ...set root\n+00005350: 3d28 6664 3029 e280 990a 6f72 20e2 8098 =(fd0)....or ...\n+00005360: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 6d73 parttool (hd0,ms\n+00005370: 646f 7333 2920 6869 6464 656e 2de2 8099 dos3) hidden-...\n+00005380: 2e20 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 . To help you f\n+00005390: 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 6e75 ind out which nu\n+000053a0: 6d62 6572 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 mber.specifies a\n+000053b0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 partition you w\n+000053c0: 616e 742c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f ant, the GRUB co\n+000053d0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 mmand-line (*not\n+000053e0: 650a 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 e.Command-line i\n+000053f0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 nterface::) opti\n+00005400: 6f6e 7320 6861 7665 2061 7267 756d 656e ons have argumen\n+00005410: 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 t completion. T\n+00005420: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 730a 7468 6174 2c20 his means.that, \n+00005430: 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 for example, you\n+00005440: 206f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7479 only need to ty\n+00005450: 7065 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f pe.. set roo\n+00005460: 743d 280a 0a20 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 t=(.. followed\n+00005470: 2062 7920 6120 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 6e64 by a , and\n+00005480: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c GRUB will displ\n+00005490: 6179 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 ay the list of d\n+000054a0: 7269 7665 732c 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e rives,.partition\n+000054b0: 732c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 s, or file names\n+000054c0: 2e20 2053 6f20 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 . So it should \n+000054d0: 6265 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f be quite easy to\n+000054e0: 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e determine the.n\n+000054f0: 616d 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7461 7267 ame of your targ\n+00005500: 6574 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 et partition, ev\n+00005510: 656e 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 en with minimal \n+00005520: 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 2074 6865 knowledge of the\n+00005530: 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 .syntax... Not\n+00005540: 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 e that GRUB does\n+00005550: 205f 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 _not_ distingui\n+00005560: 7368 2049 4445 2066 726f 6d20 5343 5349 sh IDE from SCSI\n+00005570: 202d 2069 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 - it simply.cou\n+00005580: 6e74 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 nts the drive nu\n+00005590: 6d62 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c mbers from zero,\n+000055a0: 2072 6567 6172 646c 6573 7320 6f66 2074 regardless of t\n+000055b0: 6865 6972 2074 7970 652e 2020 4e6f 726d heir type. Norm\n+000055c0: 616c 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 4520 6472 ally,.any IDE dr\n+000055d0: 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 6c65 ive number is le\n+000055e0: 7373 2074 6861 6e20 616e 7920 5343 5349 ss than any SCSI\n+000055f0: 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2061 drive number, a\n+00005600: 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7468 6174 0a69 7320 lthough that.is \n+00005610: 6e6f 7420 7472 7565 2069 6620 796f 7520 not true if you \n+00005620: 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 change the boot \n+00005630: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 7920 7377 6170 sequence by swap\n+00005640: 7069 6e67 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 ping IDE and SCS\n+00005650: 490a 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 I.drives in your\n+00005660: 2042 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 2074 BIOS... Now t\n+00005670: 6865 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 he question is, \n+00005680: 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 how to specify a\n+00005690: 2066 696c 653f 2020 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 file? Again, c\n+000056a0: 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 onsider an.examp\n+000056b0: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d le:.. (hd0,m\n+000056c0: 7364 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a sdos1)/vmlinuz..\n+000056d0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 This specifie\n+000056e0: 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6564 s the file named\n+000056f0: 20e2 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 7ae2 8099 2c20 ...vmlinuz..., \n+00005700: 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 found on the fir\n+00005710: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 st partition.of \n+00005720: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n+00005730: 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 isk drive. Note\n+00005740: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 that the argume\n+00005750: 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 776f nt completion wo\n+00005760: 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 696c 6520 6e61 rks.with file na\n+00005770: 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 mes, too... Th\n+00005780: 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 792c 2061 646d at was easy, adm\n+00005790: 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 7265 6164 it it. Now read\n+000057a0: 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 6170 7465 the next chapte\n+000057b0: 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 206f 7574 2068 r, to find out h\n+000057c0: 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2069 ow.to actually i\n+000057d0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 nstall GRUB on y\n+000057e0: 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 our drive.....Fi\n+000057f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00005800: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Node: OS-specifi\n+00005810: 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 c notes about gr\n+00005820: 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a ub tools, Next:\n+00005830: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 Installation, \n+00005840: 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e Prev: Naming con\n+00005850: 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f vention, Up: To\n+00005860: 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 p..3 OS-specific\n+00005870: 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 notes about gru\n+00005880: 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a b tools.********\n 00005890: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 ********..On OS \n-000058b0: 7768 6963 6820 6861 7665 2064 6576 6963 which have devic\n-000058c0: 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 e nodes similar \n-000058d0: 746f 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 to Unix-like OS \n-000058e0: 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 2074 GRUB tools use t\n-000058f0: 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 he.OS name. E.g\n-00005900: 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 . for GNU/Linux\n-00005910: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 :.. # grub-i\n-00005920: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a nstall /dev/sda.\n-00005930: 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 524f 5320 7765 2075 . On AROS we u\n-00005940: 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2073 796e 7461 se another synta\n-00005950: 782e 2020 466f 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 733a x. For volumes:\n-00005960: 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d .. //:.. E.g.\n-00005980: 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 .. //:DH0.. \n-00005990: 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 7765 2075 For disks we u\n-000059a0: 7365 2073 796e 7461 783a 0a20 2020 2020 se syntax:. \n-000059b0: 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 653e //:\n-000059c0: 2f75 6e69 742f 666c 6167 730a 0a20 2020 /unit/flags.. \n-000059d0: 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 E.g... # gru\n-000059e0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 b-install //:ata\n-000059f0: 2e64 6576 6963 652f 302f 300a 0a20 2020 .device/0/0.. \n-00005a00: 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 7773 2077 6520 7573 On Windows we us\n-00005a10: 6520 554e 4320 7061 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 e UNC path. For\n-00005a20: 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2069 7427 7320 7479 volumes it's ty\n-00005a30: 7069 6361 6c6c 790a 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c pically.. \\\\\n-00005a40: 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d ?\\Volume{}\n-00005a50: 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 . \\\\?\\:.. E.\n-00005a70: 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c g... \\\\?\\Vol\n-00005a80: 756d 657b 3137 6633 3464 3530 2d63 6636 ume{17f34d50-cf6\n-00005a90: 342d 3462 3032 2d38 3030 652d 3531 6437 4-4b02-800e-51d7\n-00005aa0: 3963 3361 6132 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 9c3aa2ff}. \\\n-00005ab0: 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 \\?\\C:.. For di\n-00005ac0: 736b 7320 6974 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 205c sks it's.. \\\n-00005ad0: 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 \\?\\PhysicalDrive\n-00005ae0: 3c6e 756d 6265 723e 0a0a 2020 2045 2e67 .. E.g\n-00005af0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 ... # grub-i\n-00005b00: 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 nstall \\\\?\\Physi\n-00005b10: 6361 6c44 7269 7665 300a 0a20 2020 4265 calDrive0.. Be\n-00005b20: 7761 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 ware that you ma\n-00005b30: 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6675 7274 6865 y need to furthe\n-00005b40: 7220 6573 6361 7065 2074 6865 2062 6163 r escape the bac\n-00005b50: 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 kslashes dependi\n-00005b60: 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c ng.on your shell\n-00005b70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 ... When compi\n-00005b80: 6c65 6420 7769 7468 2063 7967 7769 6e20 led with cygwin \n-00005b90: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656e 2063 7967 support then cyg\n-00005ba0: 7769 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 win drive names \n-00005bb0: 6172 650a 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c are.automaticall\n-00005bc0: 7920 7768 656e 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 y when needed. \n-00005bd0: 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 E.g... # gru\n-00005be0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 b-install /dev/s\n-00005bf0: 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 da....File: grub\n-00005c00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n-00005c10: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 stallation, Nex\n-00005c20: 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 t: Booting, Pre\n-00005c30: 763a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e v: OS-specific n\n-00005c40: 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 otes about grub \n-00005c50: 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a tools, Up: Top.\n-00005c60: 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a .4 Installation.\n-00005c70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n-00005c80: 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 696e 7374 In order to inst\n-00005c90: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2061 7320 796f 7572 all GRUB as your\n-00005ca0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 796f boot loader, yo\n-00005cb0: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 u need to first \n-00005cc0: 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 5542 install.the GRUB\n-00005cd0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7574 696c system and util\n-00005ce0: 6974 6965 7320 756e 6465 7220 796f 7572 ities under your\n-00005cf0: 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 7261 UNIX-like opera\n-00005d00: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f ting system.(*no\n-00005d10: 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 te Obtaining and\n-00005d20: 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a Building GRUB::\n-00005d30: 292e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2074 ). You can do t\n-00005d40: 6869 7320 6569 7468 6572 2066 726f 6d20 his either from \n-00005d50: 7468 650a 736f 7572 6365 2074 6172 6261 the.source tarba\n-00005d60: 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 6120 7061 636b ll, or as a pack\n-00005d70: 6167 6520 666f 7220 796f 7572 204f 532e age for your OS.\n-00005d80: 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 2079 6f75 2068 .. After you h\n-00005d90: 6176 6520 646f 6e65 2074 6861 742c 2079 ave done that, y\n-00005da0: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 ou need to insta\n-00005db0: 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 ll the boot load\n-00005dc0: 6572 206f 6e20 610a 6472 6976 6520 2866 er on a.drive (f\n-00005dd0: 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 loppy or hard di\n-00005de0: 736b 2920 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 sk) by using the\n-00005df0: 2075 7469 6c69 7479 20e2 8098 6772 7562 utility ...grub\n-00005e00: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f -install... (*no\n-00005e10: 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te.Invoking grub\n-00005e20: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6f6e 2061 -install::) on a\n-00005e30: 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 204f 532e 0a0a UNIX-like OS...\n-00005e40: 2020 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d65 7320 7769 GRUB comes wi\n-00005e50: 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 6573 2c20 th boot images, \n-00005e60: 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 6e6f 726d 616c which are normal\n-00005e70: 6c79 2070 7574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6469 ly put in the di\n-00005e80: 7265 6374 6f72 790a e280 982f 7573 722f rectory..../usr/\n-00005e90: 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 753e 2d3c lib/grub/-<\n-00005ea0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 3ee2 8099 2028 666f platform>... (fo\n-00005eb0: 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 206d 6163 r BIOS-based mac\n-00005ec0: 6869 6e65 730a e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 hines..../usr/li\n-00005ed0: 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 e280 b/grub/i386-pc..\n-00005ee0: 9929 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6674 6572 2c20 .). Hereafter, \n-00005ef0: 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 the directory wh\n-00005f00: 6572 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 730a ere GRUB images.\n-00005f10: 6172 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 706c are initially pl\n-00005f20: 6163 6564 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 20e2 aced (normally .\n-00005f30: 8098 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f ../usr/lib/grub/\n-00005f40: 3c63 7075 3e2d 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e -\n-00005f50: e280 9929 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a63 616c ...) will be.cal\n-00005f60: 6c65 6420 7468 6520 e280 9c69 6d61 6765 led the ...image\n-00005f70: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2c 2061 directory..., a\n-00005f80: 6e64 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 nd the directory\n-00005f90: 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 where the boot \n-00005fa0: 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 loader.needs to \n-00005fb0: 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 2875 7375 616c find them (usual\n-00005fc0: 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2920 ly .../boot...) \n-00005fd0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 will be called t\n-00005fe0: 6865 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 he ...boot.direc\n-00005ff0: 746f 7279 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 tory......* Menu\n-00006000: 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 :..* Installing \n-00006010: 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d GRUB using grub-\n-00006020: 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 install::.* Maki\n-00006030: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n-00006040: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 le CD-ROM::.* De\n-00006050: 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f vice map::.* BIO\n-00006060: 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a S installation::\n-00006070: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00006080: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 nfo, Node: Inst\n-00006090: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e alling GRUB usin\n-000060a0: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 g grub-install, \n-000060b0: 204e 6578 743a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 Next: Making a \n-000060c0: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n-000060d0: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 -ROM, Up: Insta\n-000060e0: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 llation..4.1 Ins\n-000060f0: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 talling GRUB usi\n-00006100: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a ng grub-install.\n-00006110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e ************..On\n+000058b0: 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 6861 7665 2064 OS which have d\n+000058c0: 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 7369 6d69 evice nodes simi\n+000058d0: 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 lar to Unix-like\n+000058e0: 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 OS GRUB tools u\n+000058f0: 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 6d65 2e20 se the.OS name. \n+00005900: 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2f4c E.g. for GNU/L\n+00005910: 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 inux:.. # gr\n+00005920: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f ub-install /dev/\n+00005930: 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 524f 5320 sda.. On AROS \n+00005940: 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2073 we use another s\n+00005950: 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f 7220 766f 6c75 yntax. For volu\n+00005960: 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 3c76 mes:.. //:.. \n+00005980: 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 4448 E.g... //:DH\n+00005990: 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 0.. For disks \n+000059a0: 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e 7461 783a 0a20 we use syntax:. \n+000059b0: 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 6572 206e //:/unit/flags.\n+000059d0: 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 . E.g... #\n+000059e0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f2f grub-install //\n+000059f0: 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 652f 302f 300a :ata.device/0/0.\n+00005a00: 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 7773 2077 . On Windows w\n+00005a10: 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 7061 7468 2e20 e use UNC path. \n+00005a20: 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2069 7427 For volumes it'\n+00005a30: 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 790a 0a20 2020 s typically.. \n+00005a40: 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 7b3c 4755 \\\\?\\Volume{}. \\\\?\\:.. \n+00005a70: 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f E.g... \\\\?\n+00005a80: 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 6633 3464 3530 \\Volume{17f34d50\n+00005a90: 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 2d38 3030 652d -cf64-4b02-800e-\n+00005aa0: 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 6666 7d0a 2020 51d79c3aa2ff}. \n+00005ab0: 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 2020 466f \\\\?\\C:.. Fo\n+00005ac0: 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 2773 0a0a 2020 r disks it's.. \n+00005ad0: 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 \\\\?\\PhysicalD\n+00005ae0: 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 723e 0a0a 2020 rive.. \n+00005af0: 2045 2e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 E.g... # gr\n+00005b00: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c 5c3f 5c50 ub-install \\\\?\\P\n+00005b10: 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 300a 0a20 hysicalDrive0.. \n+00005b20: 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f Beware that yo\n+00005b30: 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6675 u may need to fu\n+00005b40: 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 7065 2074 6865 rther escape the\n+00005b50: 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 2064 6570 backslashes dep\n+00005b60: 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 ending.on your s\n+00005b70: 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 hell... When c\n+00005b80: 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 7468 2063 7967 ompiled with cyg\n+00005b90: 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656e win support then\n+00005ba0: 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6e61 cygwin drive na\n+00005bb0: 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 746f 6d61 7469 mes are.automati\n+00005bc0: 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e 206e 6565 6465 cally when neede\n+00005bd0: 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 d. E.g... #\n+00005be0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 grub-install /d\n+00005bf0: 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ev/sda....File: \n+00005c00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00005c10: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 : Installation, \n+00005c20: 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 Next: Booting, \n+00005c30: 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Prev: OS-specif\n+00005c40: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 ic notes about g\n+00005c50: 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 rub tools, Up: \n+00005c60: 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 Top..4 Installat\n+00005c70: 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ion.************\n+00005c80: 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 **..In order to \n+00005c90: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2061 7320 install GRUB as \n+00005ca0: 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 your boot loader\n+00005cb0: 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6669 , you need to fi\n+00005cc0: 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 7468 6520 rst install.the \n+00005cd0: 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 GRUB system and \n+00005ce0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 756e 6465 7220 utilities under \n+00005cf0: 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 206f your UNIX-like o\n+00005d00: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a perating system.\n+00005d10: 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 (*note Obtaining\n+00005d20: 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 and Building GR\n+00005d30: 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 UB::). You can \n+00005d40: 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 7468 6572 2066 do this either f\n+00005d50: 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f 7572 6365 2074 rom the.source t\n+00005d60: 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 6120 arball, or as a \n+00005d70: 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f 7220 796f 7572 package for your\n+00005d80: 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 2079 OS... After y\n+00005d90: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f 6e65 2074 6861 ou have done tha\n+00005da0: 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 t, you need to i\n+00005db0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 nstall the boot \n+00005dc0: 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 610a 6472 6976 loader on a.driv\n+00005dd0: 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 2068 6172 e (floppy or har\n+00005de0: 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 2075 7369 6e67 d disk) by using\n+00005df0: 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 7479 20e2 8098 the utility ...\n+00005e00: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n+00005e10: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note.Invoking \n+00005e20: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 grub-install::) \n+00005e30: 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 204f on a UNIX-like O\n+00005e40: 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d65 S... GRUB come\n+00005e50: 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 s with boot imag\n+00005e60: 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 6e6f es, which are no\n+00005e70: 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 6e20 7468 rmally put in th\n+00005e80: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a e280 982f e directory..../\n+00005e90: 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 usr/lib/grub/-...\n+00005eb0: 2028 666f 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 (for BIOS-based\n+00005ec0: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 730a e280 982f 7573 machines..../us\n+00005ed0: 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d r/lib/grub/i386-\n+00005ee0: 7063 e280 9929 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6674 pc...). Hereaft\n+00005ef0: 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 er, the director\n+00005f00: 7920 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 y where GRUB ima\n+00005f10: 6765 730a 6172 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c6c ges.are initiall\n+00005f20: 7920 706c 6163 6564 2028 6e6f 726d 616c y placed (normal\n+00005f30: 6c79 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 ly .../usr/lib/g\n+00005f40: 7275 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d 3c70 6c61 7466 rub/-...) will be\n+00005f60: 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 e280 9c69 .called the ...i\n+00005f70: 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 mage directory..\n+00005f80: 9d2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 ., and the direc\n+00005f90: 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2062 tory where the b\n+00005fa0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 6473 oot loader.needs\n+00005fb0: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 2875 to find them (u\n+00005fc0: 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 sually .../boot.\n+00005fd0: 8099 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c ..) will be call\n+00005fe0: 6564 2074 6865 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 0a64 ed the ...boot.d\n+00005ff0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 irectory......* \n+00006000: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c Menu:..* Install\n+00006010: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 ing GRUB using g\n+00006020: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 rub-install::.* \n+00006030: 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f Making a GRUB bo\n+00006040: 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a otable CD-ROM::.\n+00006050: 2a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a * Device map::.*\n+00006060: 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 BIOS installati\n+00006070: 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 on::....File: gr\n+00006080: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00006090: 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 Installing GRUB \n+000060a0: 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 using grub-insta\n+000060b0: 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 616b 696e ll, Next: Makin\n+000060c0: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n+000060d0: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 e CD-ROM, Up: I\n+000060e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 nstallation..4.1\n+000060f0: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 Installing GRUB\n+00006100: 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 using grub-inst\n+00006110: 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d all.============\n 00006120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 696e 666f ======..For info\n-00006140: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 rmation on where\n-00006150: 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 GRUB should be \n-00006160: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 installed on PC \n-00006170: 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a BIOS platforms,.\n-00006180: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 *note BIOS insta\n-00006190: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 llation::... I\n-000061a0: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2069 6e73 7461 n order to insta\n-000061b0: 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7220 6120 ll GRUB under a \n-000061c0: 554e 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 2028 7375 UNIX-like OS (su\n-000061d0: 6368 2061 7320 474e 5529 2c20 696e 766f ch as GNU), invo\n-000061e0: 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 ke.the program .\n-000061f0: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n-00006200: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note Invokin\n-00006210: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a g grub-install::\n-00006220: 2920 6173 2074 6865 0a73 7570 6572 7573 ) as the.superus\n-00006230: 6572 2028 e280 9c72 6f6f 74e2 809d 292e er (...root...).\n-00006240: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2075 7361 6765 2069 .. The usage i\n-00006250: 7320 6261 7369 6361 6c6c 7920 7665 7279 s basically very\n-00006260: 2073 696d 706c 652e 2020 596f 7520 6f6e simple. You on\n-00006270: 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 ly need to speci\n-00006280: 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 fy one.argument \n-00006290: 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 to the program, \n-000062a0: 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 6572 6520 746f namely, where to\n-000062b0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f install the boo\n-000062c0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 0a61 t loader. The.a\n-000062d0: 7267 756d 656e 7420 6861 7320 746f 2062 rgument has to b\n-000062e0: 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2064 6576 6963 e either a devic\n-000062f0: 6520 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 e file (like ...\n-00006300: 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 e280 9929 2e20 2046 /dev/hda...). F\n-00006310: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e 6465 or example,.unde\n-00006320: 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 666f 6c6c r Linux the foll\n-00006330: 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 7461 owing will insta\n-00006340: 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2074 6865 ll GRUB into the\n-00006350: 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 MBR of the firs\n-00006360: 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 2020 t.IDE disk:.. \n-00006370: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n-00006380: 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4c69 /dev/sda.. Li\n-00006390: 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 7220 474e kewise, under GN\n-000063a0: 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6173 U/Hurd, this has\n-000063b0: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 6665 6374 the same effect\n-000063c0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 :.. # grub-i\n-000063d0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 6864 300a nstall /dev/hd0.\n-000063e0: 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 . But all the \n-000063f0: 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 above examples a\n-00006400: 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 ssume that GRUB \n-00006410: 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 6d61 6765 should put image\n-00006420: 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 e280 982f s under.the .../\n-00006430: 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 boot... director\n-00006440: 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 y. If you want \n-00006450: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7075 7420 696d 6167 GRUB to put imag\n-00006460: 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2064 6972 6563 es under a direc\n-00006470: 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 tory.other than \n-00006480: e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2079 6f75 .../boot..., you\n-00006490: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 need to specify\n-000064a0: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d the option ...-\n-000064b0: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 79e2 -boot-directory.\n-000064c0: 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 7069 6361 6c20 ....The typical \n-000064d0: 7573 6167 6520 6973 2074 6861 7420 796f usage is that yo\n-000064e0: 7520 6372 6561 7465 2061 2047 5255 4220 u create a GRUB \n-000064f0: 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 7769 7468 boot floppy with\n-00006500: 2061 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 a.filesystem. \n-00006510: 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 Here is an examp\n-00006520: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6532 le:.. # mke2\n-00006530: 6673 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 fs /dev/fd0. \n-00006540: 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 7420 6578 7432 # mount -t ext2\n-00006550: 202f 6465 762f 6664 3020 2f6d 6e74 0a20 /dev/fd0 /mnt. \n-00006560: 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 7220 2f6d 6e74 # mkdir /mnt\n-00006570: 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 /boot. # gru\n-00006580: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 b-install --boot\n-00006590: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f -directory=/mnt/\n-000065a0: 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 boot /dev/fd0. \n-000065b0: 2020 2023 2075 6d6f 756e 7420 2f6d 6e74 # umount /mnt\n-000065c0: 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 6573 .. Some BIOSes\n-000065d0: 2068 6176 6520 6120 6275 6720 6f66 2065 have a bug of e\n-000065e0: 7870 6f73 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 xposing the firs\n-000065f0: 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 t partition of a\n-00006600: 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 0a61 7320 6120 USB drive.as a \n-00006610: 666c 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f floppy instead o\n-00006620: 6620 6578 706f 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2055 f exposing the U\n-00006630: 5342 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 6120 6861 SB drive as a ha\n-00006640: 7264 2064 6973 6b20 2874 6865 7920 6361 rd disk (they ca\n-00006650: 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 5342 2d46 4444 2220 ll.it \"USB-FDD\" \n-00006660: 626f 6f74 292e 2020 496e 2073 7563 6820 boot). In such \n-00006670: 6361 7365 732c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 cases, you need \n-00006680: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206c 696b 6520 to install like \n-00006690: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6c6f this:.. # lo\n-000066a0: 7365 7475 7020 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 setup /dev/loop0\n-000066b0: 202f 6465 762f 7364 6231 0a20 2020 2020 /dev/sdb1. \n-000066c0: 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f # mount /dev/loo\n-000066d0: 7030 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 620a 2020 2020 p0 /mnt/usb. \n-000066e0: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n-000066f0: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n-00006700: 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 622f 6275 6762 696f =/mnt/usb/bugbio\n-00006710: 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 2d2d 616c 6c6f s --force --allo\n-00006720: 772d 666c 6f70 7079 202f 6465 762f 6c6f w-floppy /dev/lo\n-00006730: 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e73 op0.. This ins\n-00006740: 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2063 6f6e tall doesn't con\n-00006750: 666c 6963 7420 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 flict with stand\n-00006760: 6172 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6173 206c ard install as l\n-00006770: 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 790a 6172 6520 ong as they.are \n-00006780: 696e 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6469 7265 in separate dire\n-00006790: 6374 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 ctories... On \n-000067a0: 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 EFI systems for \n-000067b0: 6669 7865 6420 6469 736b 2069 6e73 7461 fixed disk insta\n-000067c0: 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 206d ll you have to m\n-000067d0: 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d0a ount EFI System.\n-000067e0: 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 Partition. If y\n-000067f0: 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7420 6174 20e2 ou mount it at .\n-00006800: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 69e2 8099 2074 ../boot/efi... t\n-00006810: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 hen you don't ne\n-00006820: 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2061 ed any.special a\n-00006830: 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 rguments:.. \n-00006840: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a # grub-install..\n-00006850: 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2079 6f75 Otherwise you\n-00006860: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 need to specify\n-00006870: 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 4546 4920 where your EFI \n-00006880: 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e System partition\n-00006890: 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a 0a0a 2020 is.mounted:.. \n-000068a0: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n-000068b0: 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 l --efi-director\n-000068c0: 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 2046 y=/mnt/efi.. F\n-000068d0: 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 or removable ins\n-000068e0: 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 talls you have t\n-000068f0: 6f20 7573 6520 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 o use ...--remov\n-00006900: 6162 6c65 e280 9920 616e 6420 7370 6563 able... and spec\n-00006910: 6966 7920 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 2d2d 626f ify both....--bo\n-00006920: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9920 ot-directory... \n-00006930: 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 and ...--efi-dir\n-00006940: 6563 746f 7279 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 ectory...:.. \n-00006950: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n-00006960: 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d --efi-directory=\n-00006970: 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d /mnt/usb --boot-\n-00006980: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 directory=/mnt/u\n-00006990: 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7661 sb/boot --remova\n-000069a0: 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ble....File: gru\n-000069b0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d b.info, Node: M\n-000069c0: 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a GRUB boo\n-000069d0: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 204e table CD-ROM, N\n-000069e0: 6578 743a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c ext: Device map,\n-000069f0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 Prev: Installi\n-00006a00: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 ng GRUB using gr\n-00006a10: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a ub-install, Up:\n-00006a20: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 Installation..4\n-00006a30: 2e32 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 .2 Making a GRUB\n-00006a40: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n-00006a50: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 ==========..For \n+00006140: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 information on w\n+00006150: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 here GRUB should\n+00006160: 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e be installed on\n+00006170: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 PC BIOS platfor\n+00006180: 6d73 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 ms,.*note BIOS i\n+00006190: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a nstallation::...\n+000061a0: 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2069 In order to i\n+000061b0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 nstall GRUB unde\n+000061c0: 7220 6120 554e 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 r a UNIX-like OS\n+000061d0: 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 474e 5529 2c20 (such as GNU), \n+000061e0: 696e 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 6772 invoke.the progr\n+000061f0: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 am ...grub-insta\n+00006200: 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 ll... (*note Inv\n+00006210: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking grub-insta\n+00006220: 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 6865 0a73 7570 ll::) as the.sup\n+00006230: 6572 7573 6572 2028 e280 9c72 6f6f 74e2 eruser (...root.\n+00006240: 809d 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2075 7361 ..)... The usa\n+00006250: 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 6c6c 7920 ge is basically \n+00006260: 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e 2020 596f very simple. Yo\n+00006270: 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 u only need to s\n+00006280: 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 756d pecify one.argum\n+00006290: 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 ent to the progr\n+000062a0: 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 6572 am, namely, wher\n+000062b0: 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 e to install the\n+000062c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 boot loader. T\n+000062d0: 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 6861 7320 he.argument has \n+000062e0: 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2064 to be either a d\n+000062f0: 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 6b65 evice file (like\n+00006300: 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 e280 9929 .../dev/hda...)\n+00006310: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a . For example,.\n+00006320: 756e 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 under Linux the \n+00006330: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 following will i\n+00006340: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f nstall GRUB into\n+00006350: 2074 6865 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 the MBR of the \n+00006360: 6669 7273 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a first.IDE disk:.\n+00006370: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n+00006380: 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 tall /dev/sda.. \n+00006390: 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 Likewise, unde\n+000063a0: 7220 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 r GNU/Hurd, this\n+000063b0: 2068 6173 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 has the same ef\n+000063c0: 6665 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 fect:.. # gr\n+000063d0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f ub-install /dev/\n+000063e0: 6864 300a 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 hd0.. But all \n+000063f0: 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c the above exampl\n+00006400: 6573 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 es assume that G\n+00006410: 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 RUB should put i\n+00006420: 6d61 6765 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 mages under.the \n+00006430: e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6469 7265 .../boot... dire\n+00006440: 6374 6f72 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2077 ctory. If you w\n+00006450: 616e 7420 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7075 7420 ant GRUB to put \n+00006460: 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2064 images under a d\n+00006470: 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 irectory.other t\n+00006480: 6861 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992c han .../boot...,\n+00006490: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 you need to spe\n+000064a0: 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 cify the option \n+000064b0: e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 ...--boot-direct\n+000064c0: 6f72 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 7069 ory.....The typi\n+000064d0: 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 2074 6861 cal usage is tha\n+000064e0: 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 2061 2047 t you create a G\n+000064f0: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 RUB boot floppy \n+00006500: 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 with a.filesyste\n+00006510: 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 m. Here is an e\n+00006520: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 xample:.. # \n+00006530: 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a mke2fs /dev/fd0.\n+00006540: 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 7420 # mount -t \n+00006550: 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 3020 2f6d ext2 /dev/fd0 /m\n+00006560: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 7220 nt. # mkdir \n+00006570: 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2023 /mnt/boot. #\n+00006580: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n+00006590: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f boot-directory=/\n+000065a0: 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 6664 mnt/boot /dev/fd\n+000065b0: 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f 756e 7420 0. # umount \n+000065c0: 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 /mnt.. Some BI\n+000065d0: 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 6275 6720 OSes have a bug \n+000065e0: 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 7468 6520 of exposing the \n+000065f0: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 first partition \n+00006600: 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 0a61 of a USB drive.a\n+00006610: 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 7465 s a floppy inste\n+00006620: 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 6e67 2074 ad of exposing t\n+00006630: 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 he USB drive as \n+00006640: 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 2874 6865 a hard disk (the\n+00006650: 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 5342 2d46 y call.it \"USB-F\n+00006660: 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 496e 2073 DD\" boot). In s\n+00006670: 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 6f75 206e uch cases, you n\n+00006680: 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206c eed to install l\n+00006690: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n+000066a0: 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 6576 2f6c # losetup /dev/l\n+000066b0: 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 6231 0a20 oop0 /dev/sdb1. \n+000066c0: 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 # mount /dev\n+000066d0: 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 620a /loop0 /mnt/usb.\n+000066e0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+000066f0: 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 all --boot-direc\n+00006700: 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 622f 6275 tory=/mnt/usb/bu\n+00006710: 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 2d2d gbios --force --\n+00006720: 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 202f 6465 allow-floppy /de\n+00006730: 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 v/loop0.. This\n+00006740: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e 2774 install doesn't\n+00006750: 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 7468 2073 conflict with s\n+00006760: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 tandard install \n+00006770: 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 790a as long as they.\n+00006780: 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 are in separate \n+00006790: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 directories... \n+000067a0: 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d 7320 On EFI systems \n+000067b0: 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 736b 2069 for fixed disk i\n+000067c0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 nstall you have \n+000067d0: 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 2053 7973 to mount EFI Sys\n+000067e0: 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 tem.Partition. \n+000067f0: 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7420 If you mount it \n+00006800: 6174 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 69e2 at .../boot/efi.\n+00006810: 8099 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 .. then you don'\n+00006820: 7420 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 t need any.speci\n+00006830: 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 al arguments:.. \n+00006840: 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 # grub-insta\n+00006850: 6c6c 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 ll.. Otherwise\n+00006860: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 you need to spe\n+00006870: 6369 6679 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 cify where your \n+00006880: 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 EFI System parti\n+00006890: 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a tion is.mounted:\n+000068a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e .. # grub-in\n+000068b0: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 stall --efi-dire\n+000068c0: 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a ctory=/mnt/efi..\n+000068d0: 2020 2046 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 For removable\n+000068e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 installs you ha\n+000068f0: 7665 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 982d 2d72 ve to use ...--r\n+00006900: 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 9920 616e 6420 emovable... and \n+00006910: 7370 6563 6966 7920 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 specify both....\n+00006920: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n+00006930: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d65 6669 ... and ...--efi\n+00006940: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 993a 0a0a -directory...:..\n+00006950: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+00006960: 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 all --efi-direct\n+00006970: 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 202d 2d62 ory=/mnt/usb --b\n+00006980: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d oot-directory=/m\n+00006990: 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d 7265 nt/usb/boot --re\n+000069a0: 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a movable....File:\n+000069b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000069c0: 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 e: Making a GRUB\n+000069d0: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n+000069e0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 6963 6520 , Next: Device \n+000069f0: 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7374 map, Prev: Inst\n+00006a00: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e alling GRUB usin\n+00006a10: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 g grub-install, \n+00006a20: 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f Up: Installatio\n+00006a30: 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 n..4.2 Making a \n+00006a40: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n+00006a50: 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d -ROM.===========\n 00006a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006a70: 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 ==..GRUB support\n-00006a80: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6e 6f20 656d 756c s the ...no emul\n-00006a90: 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 e280 9d20 696e ation mode... in\n-00006aa0: 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 746f 2073 the El Torito s\n-00006ab0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 290a pecification(1).\n-00006ac0: 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 (*note Making a \n-00006ad0: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n-00006ae0: 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a -ROM-Footnote-1:\n-00006af0: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 :). This means \n-00006b00: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 7365 that you.can use\n-00006b10: 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 442d 524f the whole CD-RO\n-00006b20: 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 M from GRUB and \n-00006b30: 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2074 you don't have t\n-00006b40: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 790a o make a floppy.\n-00006b50: 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2069 6d61 or hard disk ima\n-00006b60: 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2063 ge file, which c\n-00006b70: 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 an cause compati\n-00006b80: 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e bility problems.\n-00006b90: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 .. For booting\n-00006ba0: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 from a CD-ROM, \n-00006bb0: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 GRUB uses a spec\n-00006bc0: 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 ial image called\n-00006bd0: 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ....cdboot.img..\n-00006be0: 992c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 636f 6e63 ., which is conc\n-00006bf0: 6174 656e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 atenated with ..\n-00006c00: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 .core.img.... T\n-00006c10: 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 he ...core.img..\n-00006c20: 990a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 ..used for this \n-00006c30: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 should be built \n-00006c40: 7769 7468 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7468 with at least th\n-00006c50: 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 e ...iso9660... \n-00006c60: 616e 6420 e280 9862 696f 7364 6973 6be2 and ...biosdisk.\n-00006c70: 8099 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 ...modules. You\n-00006c80: 7220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f r bootable CD-RO\n-00006c90: 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 M will usually a\n-00006ca0: 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 696e 636c lso need to incl\n-00006cb0: 7564 6520 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ude a.configurat\n-00006cc0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ion file ...grub\n-00006cd0: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 616e 6420 736f 6d65 .cfg... and some\n-00006ce0: 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 other GRUB modu\n-00006cf0: 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 les... To make\n-00006d00: 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6765 6e65 7269 a simple generi\n-00006d10: 6320 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 4344 c GRUB rescue CD\n-00006d20: 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 , you can use th\n-00006d30: 650a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 e....grub-mkresc\n-00006d40: 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 282a ue... program (*\n-00006d50: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 note Invoking gr\n-00006d60: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a29 3a0a ub-mkrescue::):.\n-00006d70: 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 . $ grub-mkr\n-00006d80: 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 escue -o grub.is\n-00006d90: 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 206f o.. You will o\n-00006da0: 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e63 ften need to inc\n-00006db0: 6c75 6465 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6573 lude other files\n-00006dc0: 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 in your image. \n-00006dd0: 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6972 To do.this, fir\n-00006de0: 7374 206d 616b 6520 6120 746f 7020 6469 st make a top di\n-00006df0: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 666f 7220 7468 6520 rectory for the \n-00006e00: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 bootable image, \n-00006e10: 7361 792c 20e2 8098 6973 6fe2 8099 3a0a say, ...iso...:.\n-00006e20: 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 6973 . $ mkdir is\n-00006e30: 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 6972 o.. Make a dir\n-00006e40: 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 5255 423a ectory for GRUB:\n-00006e50: 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 6972 202d .. $ mkdir -\n-00006e60: 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a p iso/boot/grub.\n-00006e70: 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 6564 2c20 . If desired, \n-00006e80: 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 make the config \n-00006e90: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 file ...grub.cfg\n-00006ea0: e280 9920 756e 6465 7220 e280 9869 736f ... under ...iso\n-00006eb0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 990a 282a /boot/grub....(*\n-00006ec0: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 note Configurati\n-00006ed0: 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 on::), and copy \n-00006ee0: 616e 7920 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6469 any files and di\n-00006ef0: 7265 6374 6f72 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 rectories for th\n-00006f00: 6520 6469 7363 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 6469 e disc.to the di\n-00006f10: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9869 736f 2fe2 rectory ...iso/.\n-00006f20: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c ..... Finally,\n-00006f30: 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a make the image:\n-00006f40: 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 622d 6d6b .. $ grub-mk\n-00006f50: 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 rescue -o grub.i\n-00006f60: 736f 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 so iso.. This \n-00006f70: 7072 6f64 7563 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 produces a file \n-00006f80: 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e 6973 named ...grub.is\n-00006f90: 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7468 656e o..., which then\n-00006fa0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e 6564 2069 can be burned i\n-00006fb0: 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 2061 2044 nto.a CD (or a D\n-00006fc0: 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 7465 6e20 VD), or written \n-00006fd0: 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 7320 7374 to a USB mass st\n-00006fe0: 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 orage device... \n-00006ff0: 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 The root devic\n-00007000: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 7570 e will be set up\n-00007010: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 6c79 206f appropriately o\n-00007020: 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 720a n entering your.\n-00007030: e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2063 ...grub.cfg... c\n-00007040: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00007050: 652c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 e, so you can re\n-00007060: 6665 7220 746f 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 fer to file name\n-00007070: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 440a 7769 7468 s on the CD.with\n-00007080: 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 2075 out needing to u\n-00007090: 7365 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 se an explicit d\n-000070a0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 evice name. Thi\n-000070b0: 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 6965 s makes it easie\n-000070c0: 7220 746f 0a70 726f 6475 6365 2072 6573 r to.produce res\n-000070d0: 6375 6520 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 cue images that \n-000070e0: 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 will work on bot\n-000070f0: 6820 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 6472 6976 6573 h optical drives\n-00007100: 2061 6e64 2055 5342 206d 6173 730a 7374 and USB mass.st\n-00007110: 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a orage devices...\n-00007120: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00007130: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 o, Node: Making\n-00007140: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n-00007150: 2043 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 CD-ROM-Footnote\n-00007160: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 s, Up: Making a\n-00007170: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 GRUB bootable C\n-00007180: 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 456c D-ROM.. (1) El\n-00007190: 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 2061 2073 7065 Torito is a spe\n-000071a0: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 cification for b\n-000071b0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2075 7369 6e67 ootable CD using\n-000071c0: 2042 494f 530a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e BIOS.functions.\n-000071d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000071e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 nfo, Node: Devi\n-000071f0: 6365 206d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 ce map, Next: B\n-00007200: 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e IOS installation\n-00007210: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 616b 696e 6720 , Prev: Making \n-00007220: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n-00007230: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 CD-ROM, Up: Ins\n-00007240: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 tallation..4.3 T\n-00007250: 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 he map between B\n-00007260: 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f IOS drives and O\n-00007270: 5320 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d S devices.======\n+00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 ======..GRUB sup\n+00006a80: 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6e 6f20 ports the ...no \n+00006a90: 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 e280 emulation mode..\n+00006aa0: 9d20 696e 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 . in the El Tori\n+00006ab0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e to specification\n+00006ac0: 2831 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e (1).(*note Makin\n+00006ad0: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n+00006ae0: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 e CD-ROM-Footnot\n+00006af0: 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 e-1::). This me\n+00006b00: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e ans that you.can\n+00006b10: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 use the whole C\n+00006b20: 442d 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 D-ROM from GRUB \n+00006b30: 616e 6420 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 and you don't ha\n+00006b40: 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f ve to make a flo\n+00006b50: 7070 790a 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b ppy.or hard disk\n+00006b60: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 image file, whi\n+00006b70: 6368 2063 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d ch can cause com\n+00006b80: 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c patibility probl\n+00006b90: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f ems... For boo\n+00006ba0: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 ting from a CD-R\n+00006bb0: 4f4d 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 OM, GRUB uses a \n+00006bc0: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 special image ca\n+00006bd0: 6c6c 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 lled....cdboot.i\n+00006be0: 6d67 e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 mg..., which is \n+00006bf0: 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6564 2077 6974 concatenated wit\n+00006c00: 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 h ...core.img...\n+00006c10: 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 . The ...core.i\n+00006c20: 6d67 e280 990a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 mg....used for t\n+00006c30: 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6275 his should be bu\n+00006c40: 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 6c65 6173 ilt with at leas\n+00006c50: 7420 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 t the ...iso9660\n+00006c60: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9862 696f 7364 ... and ...biosd\n+00006c70: 6973 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 isk....modules. \n+00006c80: 2059 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 Your bootable C\n+00006c90: 442d 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 616c D-ROM will usual\n+00006ca0: 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ly also need to \n+00006cb0: 696e 636c 7564 6520 610a 636f 6e66 6967 include a.config\n+00006cc0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 uration file ...\n+00006cd0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 616e 6420 grub.cfg... and \n+00006ce0: 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 some other GRUB \n+00006cf0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 modules... To \n+00006d00: 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6765 make a simple ge\n+00006d10: 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 neric GRUB rescu\n+00006d20: 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 e CD, you can us\n+00006d30: 6520 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b e the....grub-mk\n+00006d40: 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 rescue... progra\n+00006d50: 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e m (*note Invokin\n+00006d60: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a g grub-mkrescue:\n+00006d70: 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 :):.. $ grub\n+00006d80: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 -mkrescue -o gru\n+00006d90: 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 7769 b.iso.. You wi\n+00006da0: 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f ll often need to\n+00006db0: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 6572 2066 include other f\n+00006dc0: 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2069 6d61 iles in your ima\n+00006dd0: 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 732c ge. To do.this,\n+00006de0: 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 6120 746f first make a to\n+00006df0: 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 666f 7220 p directory for \n+00006e00: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 6d61 the bootable ima\n+00006e10: 6765 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 6973 6fe2 ge, say, ...iso.\n+00006e20: 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 ..:.. $ mkdi\n+00006e30: 7220 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 r iso.. Make a\n+00006e40: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 directory for G\n+00006e50: 5255 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 RUB:.. $ mkd\n+00006e60: 6972 202d 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 ir -p iso/boot/g\n+00006e70: 7275 620a 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 rub.. If desir\n+00006e80: 6564 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e ed, make the con\n+00006e90: 6669 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 fig file ...grub\n+00006ea0: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 756e 6465 7220 e280 .cfg... under ..\n+00006eb0: 9869 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 .iso/boot/grub..\n+00006ec0: 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 ..(*note Configu\n+00006ed0: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2063 ration::), and c\n+00006ee0: 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 6c65 7320 616e opy any files an\n+00006ef0: 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 7320 666f d directories fo\n+00006f00: 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 0a74 6f20 7468 r the disc.to th\n+00006f10: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9869 e directory ...i\n+00006f20: 736f 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 6e61 so/...... Fina\n+00006f30: 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 696d lly, make the im\n+00006f40: 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 age:.. $ gru\n+00006f50: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 b-mkrescue -o gr\n+00006f60: 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 2054 ub.iso iso.. T\n+00006f70: 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 2061 2066 his produces a f\n+00006f80: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9867 7275 ile named ...gru\n+00006f90: 622e 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 b.iso..., which \n+00006fa0: 7468 656e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e then can be burn\n+00006fb0: 6564 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 ed into.a CD (or\n+00006fc0: 2061 2044 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 a DVD), or writ\n+00006fd0: 7465 6e20 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 ten to a USB mas\n+00006fe0: 7320 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 s storage device\n+00006ff0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 ... The root d\n+00007000: 6576 6963 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 evice will be se\n+00007010: 7420 7570 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 t up appropriate\n+00007020: 6c79 206f 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 ly on entering y\n+00007030: 6f75 720a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 our....grub.cfg.\n+00007040: 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e .. configuration\n+00007050: 2066 696c 652c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 file, so you ca\n+00007060: 6e20 7265 6665 7220 746f 2066 696c 6520 n refer to file \n+00007070: 6e61 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 440a names on the CD.\n+00007080: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 without needing \n+00007090: 746f 2075 7365 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 to use an explic\n+000070a0: 6974 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 it device name. \n+000070b0: 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 This makes it e\n+000070c0: 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a70 726f 6475 6365 asier to.produce\n+000070d0: 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 6573 2074 rescue images t\n+000070e0: 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e hat will work on\n+000070f0: 2062 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 6472 both optical dr\n+00007100: 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2055 5342 206d 6173 ives and USB mas\n+00007110: 730a 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 s.storage device\n+00007120: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00007130: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 .info, Node: Ma\n+00007140: 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 king a GRUB boot\n+00007150: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 able CD-ROM-Foot\n+00007160: 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 notes, Up: Maki\n+00007170: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n+00007180: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 le CD-ROM.. (1\n+00007190: 2920 456c 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 2061 ) El Torito is a\n+000071a0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 specification f\n+000071b0: 6f72 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2075 or bootable CD u\n+000071c0: 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6675 6e63 7469 sing BIOS.functi\n+000071d0: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ons.....File: gr\n+000071e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000071f0: 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 Device map, Nex\n+00007200: 743a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 t: BIOS installa\n+00007210: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 616b tion, Prev: Mak\n+00007220: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n+00007230: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a ble CD-ROM, Up:\n+00007240: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 Installation..4\n+00007250: 2e33 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 .3 The map betwe\n+00007260: 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 en BIOS drives a\n+00007270: 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d nd OS devices.==\n 00007280: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00007290: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 ========..If the\n-000072b0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 device map file\n-000072c0: 2065 7869 7374 732c 2074 6865 2047 5255 exists, the GRU\n-000072d0: 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 28e2 8098 B utilities (...\n-000072e0: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 992c 2065 grub-probe..., e\n-000072f0: 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 6420 6974 2074 6f20 tc.).read it to \n-00007300: 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 7320 map BIOS drives \n-00007310: 746f 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 732e 2020 to OS devices. \n-00007320: 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 636f 6e73 6973 This file consis\n-00007330: 7473 206f 6620 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 ts of lines.like\n-00007340: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 this:.. (DE\n-00007350: 5649 4345 2920 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 VICE) FILE.. D\n-00007360: 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 2064 7269 7665 EVICE is a drive\n-00007370: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 specified in th\n-00007380: 6520 4752 5542 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a e GRUB syntax (*\n-00007390: 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 650a 7379 6e74 note Device.synt\n-000073a0: 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2046 494c 4520 ax::), and FILE \n-000073b0: 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2066 696c 652c 2077 is an OS file, w\n-000073c0: 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 hich is normally\n-000073d0: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a a device file..\n-000073e0: 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 . Historically\n-000073f0: 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 , the device map\n-00007400: 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 7573 6564 2062 file was used b\n-00007410: 6563 6175 7365 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 ecause GRUB devi\n-00007420: 6365 206e 616d 6573 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 ce names.had to \n-00007430: 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 be used in the c\n-00007440: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00007450: 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7920 7765 7265 e, and they were\n-00007460: 2064 6572 6976 6564 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 derived from.BI\n-00007470: 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 OS drive numbers\n-00007480: 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 . The map betwe\n-00007490: 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 en BIOS drives a\n-000074a0: 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 7320 6361 nd OS devices ca\n-000074b0: 6e6e 6f74 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 6265 2067 nnot.always be g\n-000074c0: 7565 7373 6564 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 uessed correctly\n-000074d0: 3a20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 : for example, G\n-000074e0: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 6574 2074 6865 RUB will get the\n-000074f0: 206f 7264 6572 2077 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 order wrong.if \n-00007500: 796f 7520 6578 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 you exchange the\n-00007510: 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 boot sequence b\n-00007520: 6574 7765 656e 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 etween IDE and S\n-00007530: 4353 4920 696e 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 CSI in your BIOS\n-00007540: 2e0a 0a20 2020 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 ... Unfortunat\n-00007550: 656c 792c 2065 7665 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 ely, even OS dev\n-00007560: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f ice names are no\n-00007570: 7420 616c 7761 7973 2073 7461 626c 652e t always stable.\n-00007580: 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e Modern.version\n-00007590: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b s of the Linux k\n-000075a0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 6f62 6520 ernel may probe \n-000075b0: 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6469 6666 drives in a diff\n-000075c0: 6572 656e 7420 6f72 6465 7220 6672 6f6d erent order from\n-000075d0: 0a62 6f6f 7420 746f 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 .boot to boot, a\n-000075e0: 6e64 2074 6865 2070 7265 6669 7820 28e2 nd the prefix (.\n-000075f0: 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 642a e280 9920 7665 ../dev/hd*... ve\n-00007600: 7273 7573 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 642a rsus .../dev/sd*\n-00007610: e280 9929 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 650a ...) may change.\n-00007620: 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 depending on the\n-00007630: 2064 7269 7665 7220 7375 6273 7973 7465 driver subsyste\n-00007640: 6d20 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2041 7320 6120 m in use. As a \n-00007650: 7265 7375 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 result, the devi\n-00007660: 6365 206d 6170 0a66 696c 6520 7265 7175 ce map.file requ\n-00007670: 6972 6564 2066 7265 7175 656e 7420 6564 ired frequent ed\n-00007680: 6974 696e 6720 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 iting on some sy\n-00007690: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 stems... GRUB \n-000076a0: 6176 6f69 6473 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 avoids this prob\n-000076b0: 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2062 7920 lem nowadays by \n-000076c0: 7573 696e 6720 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 using UUIDs or f\n-000076d0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6c 6162 656c ile system.label\n-000076e0: 7320 7768 656e 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e s when generatin\n-000076f0: 6720 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 g ...grub.cfg...\n-00007700: 2c20 616e 6420 7765 2061 6476 6973 6520 , and we advise \n-00007710: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 6520 that you do the \n-00007720: 7361 6d65 0a66 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 7573 same.for any cus\n-00007730: 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 tom menu entries\n-00007740: 2079 6f75 2077 7269 7465 2e20 2049 6620 you write. If \n-00007750: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 the device map f\n-00007760: 696c 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 ile does not.exi\n-00007770: 7374 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 st, then the GRU\n-00007780: 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 7769 6c6c B utilities will\n-00007790: 2061 7373 756d 6520 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 assume a tempor\n-000077a0: 6172 7920 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 206f ary device map o\n-000077b0: 6e20 7468 650a 666c 792e 2020 5468 6973 n the.fly. This\n-000077c0: 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 is often good e\n-000077d0: 6e6f 7567 682c 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 nough, particula\n-000077e0: 726c 7920 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f rly in the commo\n-000077f0: 6e20 6361 7365 206f 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 n case of.single\n-00007800: 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a -disk systems...\n-00007810: 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6520 However, the \n-00007820: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 device map file \n-00007830: 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e74 6972 656c 7920 is not entirely \n-00007840: 6f62 736f 6c65 7465 2079 6574 2c20 616e obsolete yet, an\n-00007850: 6420 6974 2069 730a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 d it is.used for\n-00007860: 206f 7665 7272 6964 696e 6720 7768 656e overriding when\n-00007870: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e current environ\n-00007880: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6469 6666 6572 656e ment is differen\n-00007890: 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f t from the one.o\n-000078a0: 6e20 626f 6f74 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 636f n boot. Most co\n-000078b0: 6d6d 6f6e 2063 6173 6520 6973 2069 6620 mmon case is if \n-000078c0: 796f 7520 7573 6520 6120 7061 7274 6974 you use a partit\n-000078d0: 696f 6e20 6f72 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 ion or logical v\n-000078e0: 6f6c 756d 650a 6173 2061 2064 6973 6b20 olume.as a disk \n-000078f0: 666f 7220 7669 7274 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 for virtual mach\n-00007900: 696e 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7075 ine. You can pu\n-00007910: 7420 616e 7920 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 t any comments i\n-00007920: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 n the file if.ne\n-00007930: 6564 6564 2c20 6173 2074 6865 2047 5255 eded, as the GRU\n-00007940: 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 6173 7375 B utilities assu\n-00007950: 6d65 2074 6861 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 me that a line i\n-00007960: 7320 6a75 7374 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 s just a comment\n-00007970: 2069 660a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6368 if.the first ch\n-00007980: 6172 6163 7465 7220 6973 20e2 8098 23e2 aracter is ...#.\n-00007990: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n-000079a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 b.info, Node: B\n-000079b0: 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e IOS installation\n-000079c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 , Prev: Device \n-000079d0: 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7374 616c map, Up: Instal\n-000079e0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 0a0a 342e 3420 4249 4f53 lation..4.4 BIOS\n-000079f0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d installation.==\n-00007a00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00007a10: 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ===..MBR.===..Th\n-00007a20: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c e partition tabl\n-00007a30: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 7261 6469 7469 e format traditi\n-00007a40: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 onally used on P\n-00007a50: 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 C BIOS platforms\n-00007a60: 2069 730a 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 204d is.called the M\n-00007a70: 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 aster Boot Recor\n-00007a80: 6420 284d 4252 2920 666f 726d 6174 3b20 d (MBR) format; \n-00007a90: 7468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 666f 726d this is the form\n-00007aa0: 6174 2074 6861 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 at that.allows u\n-00007ab0: 7020 746f 2066 6f75 7220 7072 696d 6172 p to four primar\n-00007ac0: 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 y partitions and\n-00007ad0: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 additional logi\n-00007ae0: 6361 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a cal partitions..\n-00007af0: 5769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7061 7274 6974 With this partit\n-00007b00: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 ion table format\n-00007b10: 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 , there are two \n-00007b20: 7761 7973 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 ways to install \n-00007b30: 4752 5542 3a20 6974 0a63 616e 2062 6520 GRUB: it.can be \n-00007b40: 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 embedded in the \n-00007b50: 6172 6561 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 area between the\n-00007b60: 204d 4252 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 6972 MBR and the fir\n-00007b70: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 st partition.(ca\n-00007b80: 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6f75 7320 lled by various \n-00007b90: 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 names, such as t\n-00007ba0: 6865 2022 626f 6f74 2074 7261 636b 222c he \"boot track\",\n-00007bb0: 2022 4d42 5220 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 \"MBR gap\", or.\"\n-00007bc0: 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 222c embedding area\",\n-00007bd0: 2061 6e64 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 7573 and which is us\n-00007be0: 7561 6c6c 7920 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 ually at least 1\n-00007bf0: 3030 3020 4b69 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 000 KiB), or the\n-00007c00: 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 core.image can \n-00007c10: 6265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 be installed in \n-00007c20: 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e a file system an\n-00007c30: 6420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 d a list of the \n-00007c40: 626c 6f63 6b73 2074 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 blocks that.make\n-00007c50: 2069 7420 7570 2063 616e 2062 6520 7374 it up can be st\n-00007c60: 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 ored in the firs\n-00007c70: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6174 t sector of that\n-00007c80: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 partition... \n-00007c90: 4d6f 6465 726e 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 Modern tools usu\n-00007ca0: 616c 6c79 206c 6561 7665 204d 4252 2067 ally leave MBR g\n-00007cb0: 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 ap of at least 1\n-00007cc0: 3032 3320 4b69 422e 2054 6869 7320 616d 023 KiB. This am\n-00007cd0: 6f75 6e74 0a69 7320 7375 6666 6963 6965 ount.is sufficie\n-00007ce0: 6e74 2074 6f20 636f 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 nt to cover most\n-00007cf0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732e configurations.\n-00007d00: 2020 4865 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2076 616c Hence this val\n-00007d10: 7565 2069 730a 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 ue is.recommende\n-00007d20: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 d by the GRUB te\n-00007d30: 616d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 am... Historic\n-00007d40: 616c 6c79 206d 616e 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 ally many tools \n-00007d50: 6c65 6674 206f 6e6c 7920 3331 204b 6942 left only 31 KiB\n-00007d60: 206f 6620 7370 6163 652e 2020 5468 6973 of space. This\n-00007d70: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 is not.enough t\n-00007d80: 6f20 7061 7273 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 o parse reliably\n-00007d90: 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2073 7472 7563 difficult struc\n-00007da0: 7475 7265 7320 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 6673 tures like Btrfs\n-00007db0: 2c20 5a46 532c 2052 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c , ZFS, RAID or.L\n-00007dc0: 564d 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6469 VM, or to use di\n-00007dd0: 6666 6963 756c 7420 6469 736b 2061 6363 fficult disk acc\n-00007de0: 6573 7320 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 ess methods like\n-00007df0: 2061 6863 692e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 4752 ahci. Hence GR\n-00007e00: 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 7761 726e 2069 6620 UB will.warn if \n-00007e10: 6174 7465 6d70 7465 6420 746f 2069 6e73 attempted to ins\n-00007e20: 7461 6c6c 2069 6e74 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 tall into small \n-00007e30: 4d42 5220 6761 7020 6578 6365 7074 2069 MBR gap except i\n-00007e40: 6e20 6120 736d 616c 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 n a small number\n-00007e50: 0a6f 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f .of configuratio\n-00007e60: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7765 7265 2067 7261 ns that were gra\n-00007e70: 6e64 6661 7468 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6865 ndfathered. The\n-00007e80: 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 6572 6564 2063 grandfathered c\n-00007e90: 6f6e 6669 670a 6d75 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 onfig.must:.. \n-00007ea0: e280 a220 7573 6520 6269 6f73 6469 736b ... use biosdisk\n-00007eb0: 2061 7320 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 as disk access \n-00007ec0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 2f62 module for .../b\n-00007ed0: 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206e oot..... ... n\n-00007ee0: 6f74 2075 7365 2061 6e79 2061 6464 6974 ot use any addit\n-00007ef0: 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 ional partition \n-00007f00: 6d61 7073 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 20e2 maps to access .\n-00007f10: 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 ../boot..... .\n-00007f20: 80a2 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d .. .../boot... m\n-00007f30: 7573 7420 6265 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 ust be on one of\n-00007f40: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2066 696c 6573 following files\n-00007f50: 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 4146 4653 2c20 4146 ystems: AFFS, AF\n-00007f60: 532c 2042 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 2063 7069 S, BFS,. cpi\n-00007f70: 6f2c 206e 6577 632c 206f 6463 2c20 6578 o, newc, odc, ex\n-00007f80: 7432 2f33 2f34 2c20 4641 542c 2065 7846 t2/3/4, FAT, exF\n-00007f90: 4154 2c20 4632 4653 2c20 4846 532c 2075 AT, F2FS, HFS, u\n-00007fa0: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 640a 2020 2020 ncompressed. \n-00007fb0: 2048 4653 2b2c 2049 534f 3936 3630 2c20 HFS+, ISO9660, \n-00007fc0: 4a46 532c 204d 696e 6978 2c20 4d69 6e69 JFS, Minix, Mini\n-00007fd0: 7832 2c20 4d69 6e69 7833 2c20 4e49 4c46 x2, Minix3, NILF\n-00007fe0: 5332 2c20 4e54 4653 2c20 5265 6973 6572 S2, NTFS, Reiser\n-00007ff0: 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 FS,. ROMFS, \n-00008000: 5346 532c 2074 6172 2c20 5544 462c 2055 SFS, tar, UDF, U\n-00008010: 4653 312c 2055 4653 322c 2058 4653 0a0a FS1, UFS2, XFS..\n-00008020: 2020 204d 4252 2067 6170 2068 6173 2066 MBR gap has f\n-00008030: 6577 2074 6563 686e 6963 616c 2070 726f ew technical pro\n-00008040: 626c 656d 732e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 blems. 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GRU\n-00008110: 4220 776f 726b 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 B works around i\n-00008120: 7420 6279 2064 6574 6563 7469 6e67 0a73 t by detecting.s\n-00008130: 6563 746f 7273 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 ectors by other \n-00008140: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2061 6e64 2061 766f software and avo\n-00008150: 6964 696e 6720 7468 656d 2061 6e64 2070 iding them and p\n-00008160: 726f 7465 6374 696e 6720 6974 7320 6f77 rotecting its ow\n-00008170: 6e0a 7365 6374 6f72 7320 7573 696e 6720 n.sectors using \n-00008180: 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 2065 6e63 Reed-Solomon enc\n-00008190: 6f64 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 oding... GRUB \n-000081a0: 7465 616d 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 7320 team recommends \n-000081b0: 6861 7669 6e67 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f having MBR gap o\n-000081c0: 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 f at least 1000 \n-000081d0: 4b69 422e 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 KiB... Should \n-000081e0: 6974 206e 6f74 2062 6520 706f 7373 6962 it not be possib\n-000081f0: 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2068 6173 2073 7570 le, GRUB has sup\n-00008200: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2061 2066 616c 6c62 port for a fallb\n-00008210: 6163 6b20 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 0a77 6869 ack solution.whi\n-00008220: 6368 2069 7320 6865 6176 696c 7920 7265 ch is heavily re\n-00008230: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6167 6169 6e73 commended agains\n-00008240: 742e 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 t. Installing t\n-00008250: 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d o a filesystem m\n-00008260: 6561 6e73 0a74 6861 7420 4752 5542 2069 eans.that GRUB i\n-00008270: 7320 7675 6c6e 6572 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 s vulnerable to \n-00008280: 6974 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 2062 6569 6e67 its blocks being\n-00008290: 206d 6f76 6564 2061 726f 756e 6420 6279 moved around by\n-000082a0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 6665 6174 filesystem.feat\n-000082b0: 7572 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6169 ures such as tai\n-000082c0: 6c20 7061 636b 696e 672c 206f 7220 6576 l packing, or ev\n-000082d0: 656e 2062 7920 6167 6772 6573 7369 7665 en by aggressive\n-000082e0: 2066 7363 6b0a 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 fsck.implementa\n-000082f0: 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6973 2061 tions, so this a\n-00008300: 7070 726f 6163 6820 6973 2071 7569 7465 pproach is quite\n-00008310: 2066 7261 6769 6c65 3b20 616e 6420 7468 fragile; and th\n-00008320: 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 680a 6361 6e20 is approach.can \n-00008330: 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6620 only be used if \n-00008340: 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 the .../boot... \n-00008350: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 7320 6f6e filesystem is on\n-00008360: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 736b 2074 the same disk t\n-00008370: 6861 7420 7468 650a 4249 4f53 2062 6f6f hat the.BIOS boo\n-00008380: 7473 2066 726f 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 ts from, so that\n-00008390: 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2068 GRUB does not h\n-000083a0: 6176 6520 746f 2072 656c 7920 6f6e 2067 ave to rely on g\n-000083b0: 7565 7373 696e 6720 4249 4f53 0a64 7269 uessing BIOS.dri\n-000083c0: 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 ve numbers... \n-000083d0: 5468 6520 4752 5542 2064 6576 656c 6f70 The GRUB develop\n-000083e0: 6d65 6e74 2074 6561 6d20 6765 6e65 7261 ment team genera\n-000083f0: 6c6c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6473 2065 lly recommends e\n-00008400: 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6265 mbedding GRUB be\n-00008410: 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 fore.the first p\n-00008420: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 artition, unless\n-00008430: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6961 you have specia\n-00008440: 6c20 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e 7473 2e20 l requirements. \n-00008450: 2059 6f75 206d 7573 740a 656e 7375 7265 You must.ensure\n-00008460: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 that the first \n-00008470: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 6172 7473 partition starts\n-00008480: 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3130 3030 204b at least 1000 K\n-00008490: 6942 2028 3230 3030 2073 6563 746f 7273 iB (2000 sectors\n-000084a0: 290a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 ).from the start\n-000084b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b 3b20 6f6e of the disk; on\n-000084c0: 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 6469 736b 732c 2069 modern disks, i\n-000084d0: 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2061 2070 6572 t is often a per\n-000084e0: 666f 726d 616e 6365 0a61 6476 616e 7461 formance.advanta\n-000084f0: 6765 2074 6f20 616c 6967 6e20 7061 7274 ge to align part\n-00008500: 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 6c61 7267 6572 itions on larger\n-00008510: 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 6965 7320 616e 7977 boundaries anyw\n-00008520: 6179 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ay, so the first\n-00008530: 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d 6967 6874 .partition might\n-00008540: 2073 7461 7274 2031 204d 6942 2066 726f start 1 MiB fro\n-00008550: 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 m the start of t\n-00008560: 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 4750 540a 3d3d he disk...GPT.==\n-00008570: 3d0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 6e65 7765 7220 7379 =..Some newer sy\n-00008580: 7374 656d 7320 7573 6520 7468 6520 4755 stems use the GU\n-00008590: 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 ID Partition Tab\n-000085a0: 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2066 6f72 6d61 742e le (GPT) format.\n-000085b0: 2020 5468 6973 2077 6173 0a73 7065 6369 This was.speci\n-000085c0: 6669 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 fied as part of \n-000085d0: 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e73 6962 6c65 2046 the Extensible F\n-000085e0: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 496e 7465 7266 6163 irmware Interfac\n-000085f0: 6520 2845 4649 292c 2062 7574 2069 7420 e (EFI), but it \n-00008600: 6361 6e0a 616c 736f 2062 6520 7573 6564 can.also be used\n-00008610: 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 on BIOS platfor\n-00008620: 6d73 2069 6620 7379 7374 656d 2073 6f66 ms if system sof\n-00008630: 7477 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2069 tware supports i\n-00008640: 743b 2066 6f72 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 t; for.example, \n-00008650: 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e GRUB and GNU/Lin\n-00008660: 7578 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 ux can be used i\n-00008670: 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 n this configura\n-00008680: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7468 6973 tion. With.this\n-00008690: 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2069 7420 6973 2070 format, it is p\n-000086a0: 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 6573 6572 ossible to reser\n-000086b0: 7665 2061 2077 686f 6c65 2070 6172 7469 ve a whole parti\n-000086c0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422c 0a63 tion for GRUB,.c\n-000086d0: 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 alled the BIOS B\n-000086e0: 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 oot Partition. \n-000086f0: 4752 5542 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 GRUB can then be\n-00008700: 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 embedded into t\n-00008710: 6861 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 hat.partition wi\n-00008720: 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 7269 736b 206f thout the risk o\n-00008730: 6620 6265 696e 6720 6f76 6572 7772 6974 f being overwrit\n-00008740: 7465 6e20 6279 206f 7468 6572 2073 6f66 ten by other sof\n-00008750: 7477 6172 6520 616e 640a 7769 7468 6f75 tware and.withou\n-00008760: 7420 6265 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 t being containe\n-00008770: 6420 696e 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 d in a filesyste\n-00008780: 6d20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6d6f m which might mo\n-00008790: 7665 2069 7473 2062 6c6f 636b 730a 6172 ve its blocks.ar\n-000087a0: 6f75 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 ound... When c\n-000087b0: 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 4249 4f53 2042 reating a BIOS B\n-000087c0: 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e oot Partition on\n-000087d0: 2061 2047 5054 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2079 a GPT system, y\n-000087e0: 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6d61 6b65 0a73 ou should make.s\n-000087f0: 7572 6520 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 2061 ure that it is a\n-00008800: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3331 204b 6942 2069 t least 31 KiB i\n-00008810: 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 2028 4750 542d 666f n size. (GPT-fo\n-00008820: 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 6172 rmatted disks ar\n-00008830: 6520 6e6f 740a 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 7061 e not.usually pa\n-00008840: 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2073 6d61 6c6c rticularly small\n-00008850: 2c20 736f 2077 6520 7265 636f 6d6d 656e , so we recommen\n-00008860: 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 d that you make \n-00008870: 6974 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 616e 0a74 it larger than.t\n-00008880: 6865 2062 6172 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c he bare minimum,\n-00008890: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2031 204d 6942 2c20 such as 1 MiB, \n-000088a0: 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 6c65 6e74 7920 to allow plenty \n-000088b0: 6f66 2072 6f6f 6d20 666f 7220 6772 6f77 of room for grow\n-000088c0: 7468 2e29 0a59 6f75 206d 7573 7420 616c th.).You must al\n-000088d0: 736f 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2074 6861 so make sure tha\n-000088e0: 7420 6974 2068 6173 2074 6865 2070 726f t it has the pro\n-000088f0: 7065 7220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 per partition ty\n-00008900: 7065 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 0a47 4e55 2050 pe. Using.GNU P\n-00008910: 6172 7465 642c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 arted, you can s\n-00008920: 6574 2074 6869 7320 7573 696e 6720 6120 et this using a \n-00008930: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7375 6368 2061 7320 command such as \n-00008940: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a the following:..\n-00008950: 2020 2020 2023 2070 6172 7465 6420 2f64 # parted /d\n-00008960: 6576 2f44 4953 4b20 7365 7420 5041 5254 ev/DISK set PART\n-00008970: 4954 494f 4e2d 4e55 4d42 4552 2062 696f ITION-NUMBER bio\n-00008980: 735f 6772 7562 206f 6e0a 0a20 2020 4966 s_grub on.. If\n-00008990: 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2067 you are using g\n-000089a0: 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 7061 disk, set the pa\n-000089b0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2074 6f20 rtition type to \n-000089c0: e280 9830 7845 4630 32e2 8099 2e20 2057 ...0xEF02.... W\n-000089d0: 6974 680a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e69 6e67 ith.partitioning\n-000089e0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 2072 programs that r\n-000089f0: 6571 7569 7265 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 equire setting t\n-00008a00: 6865 2047 5549 4420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 he GUID directly\n-00008a10: 2c20 6974 2073 686f 756c 640a 6265 20e2 , it should.be .\n-00008a20: 8098 3231 3638 3631 3438 2d36 3434 392d ..21686148-6449-\n-00008a30: 3665 3666 2d37 3434 6536 3536 3536 3434 6e6f-744e6565644\n-00008a40: 3534 3634 39e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 54649...... *C\n-00008a50: 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2042 6520 7665 7279 aution:* Be very\n-00008a60: 2063 6172 6566 756c 2077 6869 6368 2070 careful which p\n-00008a70: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2073 656c artition you sel\n-00008a80: 6563 7421 2020 5768 656e 2047 5255 420a ect! When GRUB.\n-00008a90: 6669 6e64 7320 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f finds a BIOS Boo\n-00008aa0: 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6475 7269 t Partition duri\n-00008ab0: 6e67 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c ng installation,\n-00008ac0: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 it will automat\n-00008ad0: 6963 616c 6c79 0a6f 7665 7277 7269 7465 ically.overwrite\n-00008ae0: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2069 742e 2020 4d61 part of it. Ma\n-00008af0: 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 ke sure that the\n-00008b00: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 partition does \n-00008b10: 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616e 790a not contain any.\n-00008b20: 6f74 6865 7220 6461 7461 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 other data.....F\n-00008b30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00008b40: 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 Node: Booting, \n-00008b50: 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Next: Configura\n-00008b60: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e73 tion, Prev: Ins\n-00008b70: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 tallation, Up: \n-00008b80: 546f 700a 0a35 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a2a Top..5 Booting.*\n-00008b90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 ********..GRUB c\n-00008ba0: 616e 206c 6f61 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f an load Multiboo\n-00008bb0: 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 726e t-compliant kern\n-00008bc0: 656c 7320 696e 2061 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 els in a consist\n-00008bd0: 656e 7420 7761 792c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 ent way, but for\n-00008be0: 0a73 6f6d 6520 6672 6565 206f 7065 7261 .some free opera\n-00008bf0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2079 6f75 ting systems you\n-00008c00: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2073 6f6d need to use som\n-00008c10: 6520 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d61 e OS-specific ma\n-00008c20: 6769 632e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a gic...* Menu:..*\n-00008c30: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 General boot me\n-00008c40: 7468 6f64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2048 thods:: H\n-00008c50: 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 204f 5365 7320 ow to boot OSes \n-00008c60: 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 6765 6e65 7261 with GRUB genera\n-00008c70: 6c6c 790a 2a20 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 lly.* Loopback b\n-00008c80: 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ooting:: \n-00008c90: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f Notes on boo\n-00008ca0: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6c6f 6f70 6261 ting from loopba\n-00008cb0: 636b 730a 2a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 cks.* LVM cache \n-00008cc0: 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 booting:: \n-00008cd0: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f Notes on boo\n-00008ce0: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 ting from LVM ca\n-00008cf0: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n-00008d00: 6d65 0a2a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 me.* OS-specific\n-00008d10: 206e 6f74 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 notes:: \n-00008d20: 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 Notes on some\n-00008d30: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00008d40: 6d73 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ms....File: grub\n-00008d50: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 .info, Node: Ge\n-00008d60: 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f neral boot metho\n-00008d70: 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f6f 7062 ds, Next: Loopb\n-00008d80: 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 ack booting, Up\n-00008d90: 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e31 2048 : Booting..5.1 H\n-00008da0: 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f 7065 7261 ow to boot opera\n-00008db0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d ting systems.===\n-00008dc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00008de0: 4752 5542 2068 6173 2074 6872 6565 2064 GRUB has three d\n-00008df0: 6973 7469 6e63 7420 626f 6f74 206d 6574 istinct boot met\n-00008e00: 686f 6473 3a20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e hods: loading an\n-00008e10: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00008e20: 6d0a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 7573 696e m.directly, usin\n-00008e30: 6720 6b65 7865 6320 6672 6f6d 2075 7365 g kexec from use\n-00008e40: 7273 7061 6365 2c20 616e 6420 6368 6169 rspace, and chai\n-00008e50: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 nloading another\n-00008e60: 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4765 .bootloader. Ge\n-00008e70: 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7370 6561 6b69 6e67 nerally speaking\n-00008e80: 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7477 6f20 , the first two \n-00008e90: 6172 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6573 6972 6162 are more desirab\n-00008ea0: 6c65 0a62 6563 6175 7365 2079 6f75 2064 le.because you d\n-00008eb0: 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 on't need to ins\n-00008ec0: 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 696e 7461 696e tall or maintain\n-00008ed0: 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 other boot load\n-00008ee0: 6572 7320 616e 640a 4752 5542 2069 7320 ers and.GRUB is \n-00008ef0: 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 flexible enough \n-00008f00: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f 7065 7261 to load an opera\n-00008f10: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d ting system from\n-00008f20: 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a 6469 an arbitrary.di\n-00008f30: 736b 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 sk/partition. H\n-00008f40: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 owever, chainloa\n-00008f50: 6469 6e67 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 ding is sometime\n-00008f60: 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6173 2047 s required, as G\n-00008f70: 5255 420a 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7375 7070 RUB.doesn't supp\n-00008f80: 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 ort all existing\n-00008f90: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00008fa0: 6d73 206e 6174 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2a20 ms natively...* \n-00008fb0: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 Menu:..* Loading\n-00008fc0: 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 an operating sy\n-00008fd0: 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a0a stem directly::.\n-00008fe0: 2a20 4b65 7865 633a 3a0a 2a20 4368 6169 * Kexec::.* Chai\n-00008ff0: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 n-loading::....F\n-00009000: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00009010: 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 Node: Loading a\n-00009020: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 n operating syst\n-00009030: 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2020 4e65 em directly, Ne\n-00009040: 7874 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 5570 3a20 xt: Kexec, Up: \n-00009050: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 General boot met\n-00009060: 686f 6473 0a0a 352e 312e 3120 486f 7720 hods..5.1.1 How \n-00009070: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 204f 5320 6469 to boot an OS di\n-00009080: 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 rectly with GRUB\n-00009090: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 ============..If\n+000072b0: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 the device map \n+000072c0: 6669 6c65 2065 7869 7374 732c 2074 6865 file exists, the\n+000072d0: 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 GRUB utilities \n+000072e0: 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 (...grub-probe..\n+000072f0: 992c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 6420 6974 ., etc.).read it\n+00007300: 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 2064 7269 to map BIOS dri\n+00007310: 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 ves to OS device\n+00007320: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 636f s. This file co\n+00007330: 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 6c69 6e65 730a nsists of lines.\n+00007340: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like this:.. \n+00007350: 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 4649 4c45 0a0a (DEVICE) FILE..\n+00007360: 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 2064 DEVICE is a d\n+00007370: 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 rive specified i\n+00007380: 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 796e 7461 n the GRUB synta\n+00007390: 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 650a x (*note Device.\n+000073a0: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2046 syntax::), and F\n+000073b0: 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2066 696c ILE is an OS fil\n+000073c0: 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 726d e, which is norm\n+000073d0: 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 ally a device fi\n+000073e0: 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 le... Historic\n+000073f0: 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 ally, the device\n+00007400: 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 7573 map file was us\n+00007410: 6564 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 5255 4220 ed because GRUB \n+00007420: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 0a68 6164 device names.had\n+00007430: 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 to be used in t\n+00007440: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he configuration\n+00007450: 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7920 file, and they \n+00007460: 7765 7265 2064 6572 6976 6564 2066 726f were derived fro\n+00007470: 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d m.BIOS drive num\n+00007480: 6265 7273 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 bers. 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Unfort\n+00007550: 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 7665 6e20 4f53 unately, even OS\n+00007560: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 device names ar\n+00007570: 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 7973 2073 7461 e not always sta\n+00007580: 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 0a76 6572 ble. 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ROM\n+00008000: 4653 2c20 5346 532c 2074 6172 2c20 5544 FS, SFS, tar, UD\n+00008010: 462c 2055 4653 312c 2055 4653 322c 2058 F, UFS1, UFS2, X\n+00008020: 4653 0a0a 2020 204d 4252 2067 6170 2068 FS.. MBR gap h\n+00008030: 6173 2066 6577 2074 6563 686e 6963 616c as few technical\n+00008040: 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 2020 5468 6572 problems. Ther\n+00008050: 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7761 7920 746f 2072 e is no way to r\n+00008060: 6573 6572 7665 2073 7061 6365 0a69 6e20 eserve space.in \n+00008070: 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 the embedding ar\n+00008080: 6561 2077 6974 6820 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 ea with complete\n+00008090: 2073 6166 6574 792c 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d safety, and som\n+000080a0: 6520 7072 6f70 7269 6574 6172 790a 736f e proprietary.so\n+000080b0: 6674 7761 7265 2069 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 ftware is known \n+000080c0: 746f 2075 7365 2069 7420 746f 206d 616b to use it to mak\n+000080d0: 6520 6974 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2066 e it difficult f\n+000080e0: 6f72 2075 7365 7273 2074 6f20 776f 726b or users to work\n+000080f0: 0a61 726f 756e 6420 6c69 6365 6e73 696e .around licensin\n+00008100: 6720 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 g restrictions. \n+00008110: 2047 5255 4220 776f 726b 7320 6172 6f75 GRUB works arou\n+00008120: 6e64 2069 7420 6279 2064 6574 6563 7469 nd it by detecti\n+00008130: 6e67 0a73 6563 746f 7273 2062 7920 6f74 ng.sectors by ot\n+00008140: 6865 7220 736f 6674 7761 7265 2061 6e64 her software and\n+00008150: 2061 766f 6964 696e 6720 7468 656d 2061 avoiding them a\n+00008160: 6e64 2070 726f 7465 6374 696e 6720 6974 nd protecting it\n+00008170: 7320 6f77 6e0a 7365 6374 6f72 7320 7573 s own.sectors us\n+00008180: 696e 6720 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e ing Reed-Solomon\n+00008190: 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 2047 encoding... G\n+000081a0: 5255 4220 7465 616d 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 RUB team recomme\n+000081b0: 6e64 7320 6861 7669 6e67 204d 4252 2067 nds having MBR g\n+000081c0: 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 ap of at least 1\n+000081d0: 3030 3020 4b69 422e 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 000 KiB... Sho\n+000081e0: 756c 6420 6974 206e 6f74 2062 6520 706f uld it not be po\n+000081f0: 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2068 6173 ssible, GRUB has\n+00008200: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2061 2066 support for a f\n+00008210: 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e allback solution\n+00008220: 0a77 6869 6368 2069 7320 6865 6176 696c .which is heavil\n+00008230: 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6167 y recommended ag\n+00008240: 6169 6e73 742e 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 ainst. Installi\n+00008250: 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 ng to a filesyst\n+00008260: 656d 206d 6561 6e73 0a74 6861 7420 4752 em means.that GR\n+00008270: 5542 2069 7320 7675 6c6e 6572 6162 6c65 UB is vulnerable\n+00008280: 2074 6f20 6974 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 2062 to its blocks b\n+00008290: 6569 6e67 206d 6f76 6564 2061 726f 756e eing moved aroun\n+000082a0: 6420 6279 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a d by filesystem.\n+000082b0: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 features such as\n+000082c0: 2074 6169 6c20 7061 636b 696e 672c 206f tail packing, o\n+000082d0: 7220 6576 656e 2062 7920 6167 6772 6573 r even by aggres\n+000082e0: 7369 7665 2066 7363 6b0a 696d 706c 656d sive fsck.implem\n+000082f0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 7468 entations, so th\n+00008300: 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 6973 2071 is approach is q\n+00008310: 7569 7465 2066 7261 6769 6c65 3b20 616e uite fragile; an\n+00008320: 6420 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 680a d this approach.\n+00008330: 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 can only be used\n+00008340: 2069 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 if the .../boot\n+00008350: e280 9920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 ... filesystem i\n+00008360: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 s on the same di\n+00008370: 736b 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 4249 4f53 sk that the.BIOS\n+00008380: 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2c 2073 6f20 boots from, so \n+00008390: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e that GRUB does n\n+000083a0: 6f74 2068 6176 6520 746f 2072 656c 7920 ot have to rely \n+000083b0: 6f6e 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 4249 4f53 on guessing BIOS\n+000083c0: 0a64 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e0a .drive numbers..\n+000083d0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4752 5542 2064 6576 . The GRUB dev\n+000083e0: 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 6561 6d20 6765 elopment team ge\n+000083f0: 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e nerally recommen\n+00008400: 6473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2047 5255 ds embedding GRU\n+00008410: 4220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 6972 B before.the fir\n+00008420: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 756e st partition, un\n+00008430: 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7370 less you have sp\n+00008440: 6563 6961 6c20 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e ecial requiremen\n+00008450: 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 740a 656e ts. You must.en\n+00008460: 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6669 sure that the fi\n+00008470: 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 rst partition st\n+00008480: 6172 7473 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3130 arts at least 10\n+00008490: 3030 204b 6942 2028 3230 3030 2073 6563 00 KiB (2000 sec\n+000084a0: 746f 7273 290a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 tors).from the s\n+000084b0: 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b tart of the disk\n+000084c0: 3b20 6f6e 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 6469 736b ; on modern disk\n+000084d0: 732c 2069 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2061 s, it is often a\n+000084e0: 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 0a61 6476 performance.adv\n+000084f0: 616e 7461 6765 2074 6f20 616c 6967 6e20 antage to align \n+00008500: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 6c61 partitions on la\n+00008510: 7267 6572 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 6965 7320 rger boundaries \n+00008520: 616e 7977 6179 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 anyway, so the f\n+00008530: 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d irst.partition m\n+00008540: 6967 6874 2073 7461 7274 2031 204d 6942 ight start 1 MiB\n+00008550: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 from the start \n+00008560: 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 4750 of the disk...GP\n+00008570: 540a 3d3d 3d0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 6e65 7765 T.===..Some newe\n+00008580: 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 7573 6520 7468 r systems use th\n+00008590: 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e e GUID Partition\n+000085a0: 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2066 6f72 Table (GPT) for\n+000085b0: 6d61 742e 2020 5468 6973 2077 6173 0a73 mat. This was.s\n+000085c0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 pecified as part\n+000085d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e73 6962 of the Extensib\n+000085e0: 6c65 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 496e 7465 le Firmware Inte\n+000085f0: 7266 6163 6520 2845 4649 292c 2062 7574 rface (EFI), but\n+00008600: 2069 7420 6361 6e0a 616c 736f 2062 6520 it can.also be \n+00008610: 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 used on BIOS pla\n+00008620: 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 7379 7374 656d tforms if system\n+00008630: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 software suppor\n+00008640: 7473 2069 743b 2066 6f72 0a65 7861 6d70 ts it; for.examp\n+00008650: 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2047 4e55 le, GRUB and GNU\n+00008660: 2f4c 696e 7578 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 /Linux can be us\n+00008670: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 ed in this confi\n+00008680: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2057 6974 680a guration. With.\n+00008690: 7468 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2069 7420 this format, it \n+000086a0: 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 is possible to r\n+000086b0: 6573 6572 7665 2061 2077 686f 6c65 2070 eserve a whole p\n+000086c0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 artition for GRU\n+000086d0: 422c 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 4249 B,.called the BI\n+000086e0: 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f OS Boot Partitio\n+000086f0: 6e2e 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2074 6865 n. GRUB can the\n+00008700: 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e n be embedded in\n+00008710: 746f 2074 6861 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f to that.partitio\n+00008720: 6e20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 7269 n without the ri\n+00008730: 736b 206f 6620 6265 696e 6720 6f76 6572 sk of being over\n+00008740: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6279 206f 7468 6572 written by other\n+00008750: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e 640a 7769 software and.wi\n+00008760: 7468 6f75 7420 6265 696e 6720 636f 6e74 thout being cont\n+00008770: 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2061 2066 696c 6573 ained in a files\n+00008780: 7973 7465 6d20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 ystem which migh\n+00008790: 7420 6d6f 7665 2069 7473 2062 6c6f 636b t move its block\n+000087a0: 730a 6172 6f75 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 s.around... Wh\n+000087b0: 656e 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 4249 en creating a BI\n+000087c0: 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f OS Boot Partitio\n+000087d0: 6e20 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 2073 7973 7465 n on a GPT syste\n+000087e0: 6d2c 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6d61 m, you should ma\n+000087f0: 6b65 0a73 7572 6520 7468 6174 2069 7420 ke.sure that it \n+00008800: 6973 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3331 204b is at least 31 K\n+00008810: 6942 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 2028 4750 iB in size. (GP\n+00008820: 542d 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b T-formatted disk\n+00008830: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 7573 7561 6c6c s are not.usuall\n+00008840: 7920 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2073 y particularly s\n+00008850: 6d61 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 6520 7265 636f mall, so we reco\n+00008860: 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206d mmend that you m\n+00008870: 616b 6520 6974 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 ake it larger th\n+00008880: 616e 0a74 6865 2062 6172 6520 6d69 6e69 an.the bare mini\n+00008890: 6d75 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2031 204d mum, such as 1 M\n+000088a0: 6942 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 6c65 iB, to allow ple\n+000088b0: 6e74 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f 6d20 666f 7220 nty of room for \n+000088c0: 6772 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 6f75 206d 7573 growth.).You mus\n+000088d0: 7420 616c 736f 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 t also make sure\n+000088e0: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2068 6173 2074 6865 that it has the\n+000088f0: 2070 726f 7065 7220 7061 7274 6974 696f proper partitio\n+00008900: 6e20 7479 7065 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 0a47 n type. Using.G\n+00008910: 4e55 2050 6172 7465 642c 2079 6f75 2063 NU Parted, you c\n+00008920: 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 7573 696e an set this usin\n+00008930: 6720 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7375 6368 g a command such\n+00008940: 2061 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e as the followin\n+00008950: 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2070 6172 7465 g:.. # parte\n+00008960: 6420 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 4b20 7365 7420 d /dev/DISK set \n+00008970: 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e2d 4e55 4d42 4552 PARTITION-NUMBER\n+00008980: 2062 696f 735f 6772 7562 206f 6e0a 0a20 bios_grub on.. \n+00008990: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2075 7369 If you are usi\n+000089a0: 6e67 2067 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 7468 ng gdisk, set th\n+000089b0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 e partition type\n+000089c0: 2074 6f20 e280 9830 7845 4630 32e2 8099 to ...0xEF02...\n+000089d0: 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7061 7274 6974 696f . With.partitio\n+000089e0: 6e69 6e67 2070 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 ning programs th\n+000089f0: 6174 2072 6571 7569 7265 2073 6574 7469 at require setti\n+00008a00: 6e67 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 6469 7265 ng the GUID dire\n+00008a10: 6374 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 686f 756c 640a ctly, it should.\n+00008a20: 6265 20e2 8098 3231 3638 3631 3438 2d36 be ...21686148-6\n+00008a30: 3434 392d 3665 3666 2d37 3434 6536 3536 449-6e6f-744e656\n+00008a40: 3536 3434 3534 3634 39e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 564454649...... \n+00008a50: 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2042 6520 *Caution:* Be \n+00008a60: 7665 7279 2063 6172 6566 756c 2077 6869 very careful whi\n+00008a70: 6368 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 ch partition you\n+00008a80: 2073 656c 6563 7421 2020 5768 656e 2047 select! When G\n+00008a90: 5255 420a 6669 6e64 7320 6120 4249 4f53 RUB.finds a BIOS\n+00008aa0: 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 Boot Partition \n+00008ab0: 6475 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 during installat\n+00008ac0: 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 ion, it will aut\n+00008ad0: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 0a6f 7665 7277 omatically.overw\n+00008ae0: 7269 7465 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2069 742e rite part of it.\n+00008af0: 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 Make sure that\n+00008b00: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2064 the partition d\n+00008b10: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 oes not contain \n+00008b20: 616e 790a 6f74 6865 7220 6461 7461 2e0a any.other data..\n+00008b30: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00008b40: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f 7469 fo, Node: Booti\n+00008b50: 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6e 6669 ng, Next: Confi\n+00008b60: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a guration, Prev:\n+00008b70: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 Installation, \n+00008b80: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 2042 6f6f 7469 Up: Top..5 Booti\n+00008b90: 6e67 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 ng.*********..GR\n+00008ba0: 5542 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 4d75 6c74 UB can load Mult\n+00008bb0: 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 iboot-compliant \n+00008bc0: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2061 2063 6f6e kernels in a con\n+00008bd0: 7369 7374 656e 7420 7761 792c 2062 7574 sistent way, but\n+00008be0: 2066 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 6672 6565 206f for.some free o\n+00008bf0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n+00008c00: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 you need to use\n+00008c10: 2073 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 some OS-specifi\n+00008c20: 6320 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 c magic...* Menu\n+00008c30: 3a0a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f :..* General boo\n+00008c40: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 t methods:: \n+00008c50: 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 204f How to boot O\n+00008c60: 5365 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 6765 Ses with GRUB ge\n+00008c70: 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 4c6f 6f70 6261 nerally.* Loopba\n+00008c80: 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 ck booting:: \n+00008c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e Notes on\n+00008ca0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6c6f booting from lo\n+00008cb0: 6f70 6261 636b 730a 2a20 4c56 4d20 6361 opbacks.* LVM ca\n+00008cc0: 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 che booting:: \n+00008cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e Notes on\n+00008ce0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 booting from LV\n+00008cf0: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n+00008d00: 766f 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f 532d 7370 6563 volume.* OS-spec\n+00008d10: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 ific notes:: \n+00008d20: 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f 6e20 Notes on \n+00008d30: 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 some operating s\n+00008d40: 7973 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ystems....File: \n+00008d50: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00008d60: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d : General boot m\n+00008d70: 6574 686f 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c ethods, Next: L\n+00008d80: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c oopback booting,\n+00008d90: 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 Up: Booting..5\n+00008da0: 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f .1 How to boot o\n+00008db0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n+00008dc0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00008de0: 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 6173 2074 6872 ==..GRUB has thr\n+00008df0: 6565 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 626f 6f74 ee distinct boot\n+00008e00: 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a20 6c6f 6164 696e methods: loadin\n+00008e10: 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 g an operating s\n+00008e20: 7973 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 ystem.directly, \n+00008e30: 7573 696e 6720 6b65 7865 6320 6672 6f6d using kexec from\n+00008e40: 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2c20 616e 6420 userspace, and \n+00008e50: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f chainloading ano\n+00008e60: 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 722e ther.bootloader.\n+00008e70: 2020 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7370 6561 Generally spea\n+00008e80: 6b69 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 king, the first \n+00008e90: 7477 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6573 two are more des\n+00008ea0: 6972 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 6175 7365 2079 irable.because y\n+00008eb0: 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 6420 746f ou don't need to\n+00008ec0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 696e install or main\n+00008ed0: 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 tain other boot \n+00008ee0: 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e 640a 4752 5542 loaders and.GRUB\n+00008ef0: 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2065 6e6f is flexible eno\n+00008f00: 7567 6820 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f ugh to load an o\n+00008f10: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n+00008f20: 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 from an arbitrar\n+00008f30: 790a 6469 736b 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e y.disk/partition\n+00008f40: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6368 6169 . However, chai\n+00008f50: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 7320 736f 6d65 nloading is some\n+00008f60: 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 times required, \n+00008f70: 6173 2047 5255 420a 646f 6573 6e27 7420 as GRUB.doesn't \n+00008f80: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 6578 6973 support all exis\n+00008f90: 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 ting operating s\n+00008fa0: 7973 7465 6d73 206e 6174 6976 656c 792e ystems natively.\n+00008fb0: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204c 6f61 ..* Menu:..* Loa\n+00008fc0: 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e ding an operatin\n+00008fd0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c g system directl\n+00008fe0: 793a 3a0a 2a20 4b65 7865 633a 3a0a 2a20 y::.* Kexec::.* \n+00008ff0: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a0a Chain-loading::.\n+00009000: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00009010: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6469 fo, Node: Loadi\n+00009020: 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 ng an operating \n+00009030: 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c system directly,\n+00009040: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 Next: Kexec, \n+00009050: 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 Up: General boot\n+00009060: 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a 352e 312e 3120 methods..5.1.1 \n+00009070: 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 204f How to boot an O\n+00009080: 5320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6820 S directly with \n+00009090: 4752 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d GRUB.-----------\n 000090a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d 756c -----------..Mul\n-000090c0: 7469 626f 6f74 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 tiboot (*note Mu\n-000090d0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n-000090e0: 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ation: (multiboo\n-000090f0: 7429 546f 702e 2920 6973 2074 6865 206e t)Top.) is the n\n-00009100: 6174 6976 650a 666f 726d 6174 2073 7570 ative.format sup\n-00009110: 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2e20 ported by GRUB. \n-00009120: 466f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 206f 6620 For the sake of \n-00009130: 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2074 6865 convenience, the\n-00009140: 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 0a73 7570 706f re is also.suppo\n-00009150: 7274 2066 6f72 204c 696e 7578 2c20 4672 rt for Linux, Fr\n-00009160: 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 4420 616e eeBSD, NetBSD an\n-00009170: 6420 4f70 656e 4253 442e 2049 6620 796f d OpenBSD. If yo\n-00009180: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 0a6f u want to boot.o\n-00009190: 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 ther operating s\n-000091a0: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c ystems, you will\n-000091b0: 2068 6176 6520 746f 2063 6861 696e 2d6c have to chain-l\n-000091c0: 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a oad them (*note.\n-000091d0: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 Chain-loading::)\n-000091e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4649 584d 453a 2074 6869 ... FIXME: thi\n-000091f0: 7320 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2069 6e63 s section is inc\n-00009200: 6f6d 706c 6574 652e 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 omplete... 1. R\n-00009210: 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 un the command .\n-00009220: 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 ..boot... (*note\n-00009230: 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f boot::)... Ho\n-00009240: 7765 7665 722c 2044 4f53 2061 6e64 2057 wever, DOS and W\n-00009250: 696e 646f 7773 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 indows have some\n-00009260: 2064 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 732c 2073 deficiencies, s\n-00009270: 6f20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 6861 7665 o you might have\n-00009280: 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d to.use more com\n-00009290: 706c 6963 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7472 7563 plicated instruc\n-000092a0: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 444f tions. *Note DO\n-000092b0: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 S/Windows::, for\n-000092c0: 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more.informatio\n-000092d0: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-000092e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4b65 .info, Node: Ke\n-000092f0: 7865 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 6169 xec, Next: Chai\n-00009300: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 n-loading, Prev\n-00009310: 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 : Loading an ope\n-00009320: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6469 rating system di\n-00009330: 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e rectly, Up: Gen\n-00009340: 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 eral boot method\n-00009350: 730a 0a35 2e31 2e32 204b 6578 6563 2077 s..5.1.2 Kexec w\n-00009360: 6974 6820 6772 7562 322d 656d 750a 2d2d ith grub2-emu.--\n-00009370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 --------..GRUB c\n-00009390: 616e 2062 6520 7275 6e20 696e 2075 7365 an be run in use\n-000093a0: 7273 7061 6365 2062 7920 696e 766f 6b69 rspace by invoki\n-000093b0: 6e67 2074 6865 2067 7275 6232 2d65 6d75 ng the grub2-emu\n-000093c0: 2074 6f6f 6c2e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c0a tool. It will.\n-000093d0: 7265 6164 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 read all configu\n-000093e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 6372 6970 7473 2061 ration scripts a\n-000093f0: 7320 6966 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6972 s if booting dir\n-00009400: 6563 746c 7920 2873 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 ectly (see *note\n-00009410: 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 0a61 6e20 6f70 6572 Loading.an oper\n-00009420: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 ating system dir\n-00009430: 6563 746c 793a 3a29 2e20 2057 6974 6820 ectly::). With \n-00009440: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 the ...--kexec..\n-00009450: 9920 666c 6167 2c20 616e 6420 6b65 7865 . flag, and kexe\n-00009460: 6328 3829 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 726f c(8).support fro\n-00009470: 6d20 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 m the operating \n-00009480: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c system, the ...l\n-00009490: 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 inux... command \n-000094a0: 7769 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 626f will directly.bo\n-000094b0: 6f74 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 7420 696d ot the target im\n-000094c0: 6167 652e 2020 466f 7220 7379 7374 656d age. For system\n-000094d0: 7320 7468 6174 206c 6163 6b20 776f 726b s that lack work\n-000094e0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 6374 6c28 3129 ing systemctl(1)\n-000094f0: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 206b 6578 .support for kex\n-00009500: 6563 2c20 7061 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 ec, passing the \n-00009510: e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c ...--kexec... fl\n-00009520: 6167 2074 7769 6365 2077 696c 6c20 6661 ag twice will fa\n-00009530: 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 696e 766f 6b69 llback to.invoki\n-00009540: 6e67 206b 6578 6563 2838 2920 6469 7265 ng kexec(8) dire\n-00009550: 6374 6c79 3b20 6e6f 7465 2068 6f77 6576 ctly; note howev\n-00009560: 6572 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2066 616c er that this fal\n-00009570: 6c62 6163 6b20 6d61 7920 6265 0a75 6e73 lback may be.uns\n-00009580: 6166 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 7265 6164 afe outside read\n-00009590: 2d6f 6e6c 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e -only environmen\n-000095a0: 7473 2c20 6173 2069 7420 646f 6573 206e ts, as it does n\n-000095b0: 6f74 2069 6e76 6f6b 6520 7368 7574 646f ot invoke shutdo\n-000095c0: 776e 0a6d 6163 6869 6e65 7279 2e0a 0a1f wn.machinery....\n-000095d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000095e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c , Node: Chain-l\n-000095f0: 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204b oading, Prev: K\n-00009600: 6578 6563 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 exec, Up: Gener\n-00009610: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a al boot methods.\n-00009620: 0a35 2e31 2e33 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 .5.1.3 Chain-loa\n-00009630: 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 4f53 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ding an OS.-----\n+000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000090c0: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2028 2a6e 6f74 .Multiboot (*not\n+000090d0: 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 e Multiboot Spec\n+000090e0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 ification: (mult\n+000090f0: 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 2920 6973 2074 iboot)Top.) is t\n+00009100: 6865 206e 6174 6976 650a 666f 726d 6174 he native.format\n+00009110: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 supported by GR\n+00009120: 5542 2e20 466f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 UB. For the sake\n+00009130: 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c of convenience,\n+00009140: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 0a73 there is also.s\n+00009150: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 204c 696e 7578 upport for Linux\n+00009160: 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 , FreeBSD, NetBS\n+00009170: 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 442e 2049 D and OpenBSD. I\n+00009180: 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f f you want to bo\n+00009190: 6f74 0a6f 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 ot.other operati\n+000091a0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 796f 7520 ng systems, you \n+000091b0: 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 746f 2063 6861 will have to cha\n+000091c0: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2028 2a6e in-load them (*n\n+000091d0: 6f74 650a 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e ote.Chain-loadin\n+000091e0: 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4649 584d 453a g::)... FIXME:\n+000091f0: 2074 6869 7320 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6973 this section is\n+00009200: 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 652e 0a0a 2020 incomplete... \n+00009210: 312e 2052 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 1. Run the comma\n+00009220: 6e64 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 282a nd ...boot... (*\n+00009230: 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 note boot::)... \n+00009240: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2044 4f53 2061 However, DOS a\n+00009250: 6e64 2057 696e 646f 7773 2068 6176 6520 nd Windows have \n+00009260: 736f 6d65 2064 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 some deficiencie\n+00009270: 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 s, so you might \n+00009280: 6861 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 have to.use more\n+00009290: 2063 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 6564 2069 6e73 complicated ins\n+000092a0: 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 tructions. *Not\n+000092b0: 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2c e DOS/Windows::,\n+000092c0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d for more.inform\n+000092d0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ation.....File: \n+000092e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000092f0: 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : Kexec, Next: \n+00009300: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 672c 2020 Chain-loading, \n+00009310: 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e Prev: Loading an\n+00009320: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00009330: 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 2055 703a m directly, Up:\n+00009340: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 General boot me\n+00009350: 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e32 204b 6578 thods..5.1.2 Kex\n+00009360: 6563 2077 6974 6820 6772 7562 322d 656d ec with grub2-em\n+00009370: 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d u.--------------\n+00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4752 ------------..GR\n+00009390: 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 7275 6e20 696e UB can be run in\n+000093a0: 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2062 7920 696e userspace by in\n+000093b0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 2067 7275 6232 voking the grub2\n+000093c0: 2d65 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e 2020 4974 2077 -emu tool. It w\n+000093d0: 696c 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e ill.read all con\n+000093e0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 6372 6970 figuration scrip\n+000093f0: 7473 2061 7320 6966 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 ts as if booting\n+00009400: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 2873 6565 202a directly (see *\n+00009410: 6e6f 7465 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 0a61 6e20 note Loading.an \n+00009420: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00009430: 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a29 2e20 2057 directly::). W\n+00009440: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 ith the ...--kex\n+00009450: 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2c20 616e 6420 ec... flag, and \n+00009460: 6b65 7865 6328 3829 0a73 7570 706f 7274 kexec(8).support\n+00009470: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 from the operat\n+00009480: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 6520 ing system, the \n+00009490: e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ...linux... comm\n+000094a0: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c and will directl\n+000094b0: 790a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 y.boot the targe\n+000094c0: 7420 696d 6167 652e 2020 466f 7220 7379 t image. For sy\n+000094d0: 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 206c 6163 6b20 stems that lack \n+000094e0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 6374 working systemct\n+000094f0: 6c28 3129 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 l(1).support for\n+00009500: 206b 6578 6563 2c20 7061 7373 696e 6720 kexec, passing \n+00009510: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 the ...--kexec..\n+00009520: 9920 666c 6167 2074 7769 6365 2077 696c . flag twice wil\n+00009530: 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 696e l fallback to.in\n+00009540: 766f 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 6563 2838 2920 voking kexec(8) \n+00009550: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 6e6f 7465 2068 directly; note h\n+00009560: 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 owever that this\n+00009570: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6d61 7920 6265 fallback may be\n+00009580: 0a75 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 .unsafe outside \n+00009590: 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 656e 7669 726f read-only enviro\n+000095a0: 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 6173 2069 7420 646f nments, as it do\n+000095b0: 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 6f6b 6520 7368 es not invoke sh\n+000095c0: 7574 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 6869 6e65 7279 utdown.machinery\n+000095d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000095e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6861 info, Node: Cha\n+000095f0: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 in-loading, Pre\n+00009600: 763a 204b 6578 6563 2c20 2055 703a 2047 v: Kexec, Up: G\n+00009610: 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 eneral boot meth\n+00009620: 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 2043 6861 696e ods..5.1.3 Chain\n+00009630: 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 4f53 0a2d -loading an OS.-\n 00009640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 ----..Operating \n-00009660: 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f20 systems that do \n-00009670: 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 4d75 6c74 not support Mult\n-00009680: 6962 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 646f 206e 6f74 iboot and do not\n-00009690: 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a73 have specific.s\n-000096a0: 7570 706f 7274 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 upport in GRUB (\n-000096b0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 specific support\n-000096c0: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f is available fo\n-000096d0: 7220 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 6542 5344 r Linux, FreeBSD\n-000096e0: 2c0a 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 204f 7065 ,.NetBSD and Ope\n-000096f0: 6e42 5344 2920 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6368 nBSD) must be ch\n-00009700: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 7768 6963 ain-loaded, whic\n-00009710: 6820 696e 766f 6c76 6573 206c 6f61 6469 h involves loadi\n-00009720: 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 7420 ng another.boot \n-00009730: 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7069 loader and jumpi\n-00009740: 6e67 2074 6f20 6974 2069 6e20 7265 616c ng to it in real\n-00009750: 206d 6f64 6520 6f72 2076 6961 2074 6865 mode or via the\n-00009760: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 firmware... T\n-00009770: 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 he ...chainloade\n-00009780: 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e r... command (*n\n-00009790: 6f74 6520 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a ote chainloader:\n-000097a0: 3a29 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7365 :) is used to se\n-000097b0: 7420 7468 6973 0a75 702e 2020 4974 2069 t this.up. It i\n-000097c0: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 s normally also \n-000097d0: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 206c 6f61 necessary to loa\n-000097e0: 6420 736f 6d65 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 d some GRUB modu\n-000097f0: 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a les and set the.\n-00009800: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 726f 6f74 appropriate root\n-00009810: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5075 7474 696e device. Puttin\n-00009820: 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 6865 722c g this together,\n-00009830: 2077 6520 6765 7420 736f 6d65 7468 696e we get somethin\n-00009840: 6720 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6f72 g like.this, for\n-00009850: 2061 2057 696e 646f 7773 2073 7973 7465 a Windows syste\n-00009860: 6d20 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 m on the first p\n-00009870: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 artition of the \n-00009880: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 0a64 6973 6b3a first hard.disk:\n-00009890: 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2257 696e ..menuentry \"Win\n-000098a0: 646f 7773 2220 7b0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 dows\" {..insmod \n-000098b0: 6368 6169 6e0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 chain..insmod nt\n-000098c0: 6673 0a09 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 fs..set root=(hd\n-000098d0: 302c 3129 0a09 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 0,1)..chainloade\n-000098e0: 7220 2b31 0a7d 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 7379 r +1.}.. On sy\n-000098f0: 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 206d 756c 7469 stems with multi\n-00009900: 706c 6520 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 ple hard disks, \n-00009910: 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 776f an additional wo\n-00009920: 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 206d 6179 2062 650a rkaround may be.\n-00009930: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 required. *Note\n-00009940: 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a DOS/Windows::..\n-00009950: 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e . Chain-loadin\n-00009960: 6720 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 g is only suppor\n-00009970: 7465 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2061 ted on PC BIOS a\n-00009980: 6e64 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 nd EFI platforms\n-00009990: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000099a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f6f info, Node: Loo\n-000099b0: 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 pback booting, \n-000099c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 Next: LVM cache \n-000099d0: 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 booting, Prev: \n-000099e0: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 General boot met\n-000099f0: 686f 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 hods, Up: Booti\n-00009a00: 6e67 0a0a 352e 3220 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b ng..5.2 Loopback\n-00009a10: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d booting.=======\n-00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 =============..G\n-00009a30: 5255 4220 6973 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 RUB is able to r\n-00009a40: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 696d 6167 ead from an imag\n-00009a50: 6520 2862 6520 6974 206f 6e65 206f 6620 e (be it one of \n-00009a60: 4344 206f 7220 4844 4429 2073 746f 7265 CD or HDD) store\n-00009a70: 6420 6f6e 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 6974 7320 d on.any of its \n-00009a80: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 746f 7261 accessible stora\n-00009a90: 6765 7320 2872 6566 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e ges (refer to *n\n-00009aa0: 6f74 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a3a 2063 ote loopback:: c\n-00009ab0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 292e 0a48 6f77 6576 6572 ommand)..However\n-00009ac0: 2074 6865 204f 5320 6974 7365 6c66 2073 the OS itself s\n-00009ad0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f hould be able to\n-00009ae0: 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 726f 6f74 2e20 find its root. \n-00009af0: 2054 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 696e This usually.in\n-00009b00: 766f 6c76 6573 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2061 volves running a\n-00009b10: 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2070 726f 6772 userspace progr\n-00009b20: 616d 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2062 6566 6f72 am running befor\n-00009b30: 6520 7468 6520 7265 616c 2072 6f6f 7420 e the real root \n-00009b40: 6973 0a64 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 is.discovered. \n-00009b50: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 This is achieved\n-00009b60: 2062 7920 4752 5542 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 by GRUB loading\n-00009b70: 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 6c79 206d 6164 a specially mad\n-00009b80: 6520 736d 616c 6c0a 696d 6167 6520 616e e small.image an\n-00009b90: 6420 7061 7373 696e 6720 6974 2061 7320 d passing it as \n-00009ba0: 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 746f 2074 6865 206b ramdisk to the k\n-00009bb0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 ernel. This is \n-00009bc0: 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 790a 636f 6d6d achieved by.comm\n-00009bd0: 616e 6473 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 ands ...kfreebsd\n-00009be0: 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b _module..., ...k\n-00009bf0: 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c netbsd_module_el\n-00009c00: 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 f..., ...kopenbs\n-00009c10: 645f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2c0a e280 d_ramdisk...,...\n-00009c20: 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 .initrd... (*not\n-00009c30: 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 e initrd::), ...\n-00009c40: 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 9920 282a 6e6f initrd16... (*no\n-00009c50: 7465 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2c0a te initrd16::),.\n-00009c60: e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 5f6d 6f64 ...multiboot_mod\n-00009c70: 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 756c 7469 ule..., ...multi\n-00009c80: 626f 6f74 325f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 boot2_module... \n-00009c90: 6f72 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 or ...xnu_ramdis\n-00009ca0: 6be2 8099 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f k... depending o\n-00009cb0: 6e0a 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204e n.the loader. N\n-00009cc0: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2066 6f72 206b 6e65 ote that for kne\n-00009cd0: 7462 7364 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 206d tbsd the image m\n-00009ce0: 7573 7420 6265 2070 7574 2069 6e73 6964 ust be put insid\n-00009cf0: 650a 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 e.miniroot.kmod \n-00009d00: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6d69 and the whole mi\n-00009d10: 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 6861 7320 niroot.kmod has \n-00009d20: 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2049 to be loaded. I\n-00009d30: 6e20 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 0a70 6179 6c6f n kopenbsd.paylo\n-00009d40: 6164 2074 6869 7320 6973 2064 6973 6162 ad this is disab\n-00009d50: 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 led by default. \n-00009d60: 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 Additionally, b\n-00009d70: 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 696e 6974 ehaviour of init\n-00009d80: 6961 6c0a 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6465 7065 ial.ramdisk depe\n-00009d90: 6e64 7320 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c nds on command l\n-00009da0: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 ine options. Se\n-00009db0: 7665 7261 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 746f veral distributo\n-00009dc0: 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 0a74 6865 2069 rs provide.the i\n-00009dd0: 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7075 mage for this pu\n-00009de0: 7270 6f73 6520 6f72 2069 7427 7320 696e rpose or it's in\n-00009df0: 7465 6772 6174 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6569 tegrated in thei\n-00009e00: 7220 7374 616e 6461 7264 2072 616d 6469 r standard ramdi\n-00009e10: 736b 0a61 6e64 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 sk.and activated\n-00009e20: 2062 7920 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6f70 7469 by special opti\n-00009e30: 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2079 6f75 on. Consult you\n-00009e40: 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2064 6973 r kernel and dis\n-00009e50: 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e0a 6d61 6e75 616c tribution.manual\n-00009e60: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c for more detail\n-00009e70: 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6c6f 6164 6572 s. Other loader\n-00009e80: 7320 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6170 706c 656c s like ...applel\n-00009e90: 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2c0a e280 9863 6861 oader...,....cha\n-00009ea0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2842 494f inloader... (BIO\n-00009eb0: 532c 2045 4649 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 S, EFI, coreboot\n-00009ec0: 292c 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 ), ...freedos...\n-00009ed0: 2c20 e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 992c 20e2 , ...ntldr..., .\n-00009ee0: 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 2061 6e64 0ae2 ..plan9... and..\n-00009ef0: 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 2070 ..truecrypt... p\n-00009f00: 726f 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f 7373 6962 rovide no possib\n-00009f10: 696c 6974 7920 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 ility of loading\n-00009f20: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b initial ramdisk\n-00009f30: 2061 6e64 2061 7320 6661 720a 6173 2061 and as far.as a\n-00009f40: 7574 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 7265 2074 uthor is aware t\n-00009f50: 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 696e 2071 he payloads in q\n-00009f60: 7565 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 7375 uestion don't su\n-00009f70: 7070 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 2069 6e69 pport either ini\n-00009f80: 7469 616c 0a72 616d 6469 736b 206f 7220 tial.ramdisk or \n-00009f90: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 discovering loop\n-00009fa0: 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206f 7468 back boot in oth\n-00009fb0: 6572 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 7320 7375 er way and as su\n-00009fc0: 6368 206e 6f74 0a62 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 ch not.bootable \n-00009fd0: 7468 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 this way. Pleas\n-00009fe0: 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 2061 6c74 6572 e consider alter\n-00009ff0: 6e61 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 native boot meth\n-0000a000: 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 0a63 6f70 7969 6e67 ods like.copying\n-0000a010: 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 all files from \n-0000a020: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2061 6374 the image to act\n-0000a030: 7561 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 ual partition. \n-0000a040: 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 204f 530a Consult your OS.\n-0000a050: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f documentation fo\n-0000a060: 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a r more details..\n-0000a070: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0000a080: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 564d 2063 fo, Node: LVM c\n-0000a090: 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e ache booting, N\n-0000a0a0: 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 ext: OS-specific\n-0000a0b0: 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c notes, Prev: L\n-0000a0c0: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c oopback booting,\n-0000a0d0: 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 Up: Booting..5\n-0000a0e0: 2e33 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 .3 Booting from \n-0000a0f0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 LVM cache logica\n-0000a100: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d l volume.=======\n+00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 6572 6174 --------..Operat\n+00009660: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 ing systems that\n+00009670: 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 do not support \n+00009680: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 646f Multiboot and do\n+00009690: 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6966 not have specif\n+000096a0: 6963 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2069 6e20 4752 ic.support in GR\n+000096b0: 5542 2028 7370 6563 6966 6963 2073 7570 UB (specific sup\n+000096c0: 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c port is availabl\n+000096d0: 6520 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 e for Linux, Fre\n+000096e0: 6542 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 eBSD,.NetBSD and\n+000096f0: 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2920 6d75 7374 2062 OpenBSD) must b\n+00009700: 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 e chain-loaded, \n+00009710: 7768 6963 6820 696e 766f 6c76 6573 206c which involves l\n+00009720: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 oading another.b\n+00009730: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 206a oot loader and j\n+00009740: 756d 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 6974 2069 6e20 umping to it in \n+00009750: 7265 616c 206d 6f64 6520 6f72 2076 6961 real mode or via\n+00009760: 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a0a the firmware...\n+00009770: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c The ...chainl\n+00009780: 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 oader... command\n+00009790: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 (*note chainloa\n+000097a0: 6465 723a 3a29 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 der::) is used t\n+000097b0: 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6973 0a75 702e 2020 o set this.up. \n+000097c0: 4974 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 It is normally a\n+000097d0: 6c73 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f lso necessary to\n+000097e0: 206c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 2047 5255 4220 load some GRUB \n+000097f0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7365 7420 modules and set \n+00009800: 7468 650a 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 the.appropriate \n+00009810: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5075 root device. Pu\n+00009820: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 tting this toget\n+00009830: 6865 722c 2077 6520 6765 7420 736f 6d65 her, we get some\n+00009840: 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 732c thing like.this,\n+00009850: 2066 6f72 2061 2057 696e 646f 7773 2073 for a Windows s\n+00009860: 7973 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 ystem on the fir\n+00009870: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 st partition of \n+00009880: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 0a64 the first hard.d\n+00009890: 6973 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 isk:..menuentry \n+000098a0: 2257 696e 646f 7773 2220 7b0a 0969 6e73 \"Windows\" {..ins\n+000098b0: 6d6f 6420 6368 6169 6e0a 0969 6e73 6d6f mod chain..insmo\n+000098c0: 6420 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 7420 726f 6f74 d ntfs..set root\n+000098d0: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a09 6368 6169 6e6c =(hd0,1)..chainl\n+000098e0: 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d 0a0a 2020 204f oader +1.}.. O\n+000098f0: 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 206d n systems with m\n+00009900: 756c 7469 706c 6520 6861 7264 2064 6973 ultiple hard dis\n+00009910: 6b73 2c20 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 ks, an additiona\n+00009920: 6c20 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 206d 6179 l workaround may\n+00009930: 2062 650a 7265 7175 6972 6564 2e20 202a be.required. *\n+00009940: 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 Note DOS/Windows\n+00009950: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f ::... Chain-lo\n+00009960: 6164 696e 6720 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 ading is only su\n+00009970: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 pported on PC BI\n+00009980: 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 OS and EFI platf\n+00009990: 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 orms.....File: g\n+000099a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000099b0: 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e Loopback bootin\n+000099c0: 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 g, Next: LVM ca\n+000099d0: 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 che booting, Pr\n+000099e0: 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 ev: General boot\n+000099f0: 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2042 methods, Up: B\n+00009a00: 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3220 4c6f 6f70 ooting..5.2 Loop\n+00009a10: 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a3d 3d3d back booting.===\n+00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00009a30: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6973 2061 626c 6520 =..GRUB is able \n+00009a40: 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 to read from an \n+00009a50: 696d 6167 6520 2862 6520 6974 206f 6e65 image (be it one\n+00009a60: 206f 6620 4344 206f 7220 4844 4429 2073 of CD or HDD) s\n+00009a70: 746f 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 tored on.any of \n+00009a80: 6974 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 its accessible s\n+00009a90: 746f 7261 6765 7320 2872 6566 6572 2074 torages (refer t\n+00009aa0: 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b o *note loopback\n+00009ab0: 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 292e 0a48 6f77 :: command)..How\n+00009ac0: 6576 6572 2074 6865 204f 5320 6974 7365 ever the OS itse\n+00009ad0: 6c66 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c lf should be abl\n+00009ae0: 6520 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 726f e to find its ro\n+00009af0: 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c ot. This usuall\n+00009b00: 790a 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2072 756e 6e69 y.involves runni\n+00009b10: 6e67 2061 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2070 ng a userspace p\n+00009b20: 726f 6772 616d 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2062 rogram running b\n+00009b30: 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7265 616c 2072 efore the real r\n+00009b40: 6f6f 7420 6973 0a64 6973 636f 7665 7265 oot is.discovere\n+00009b50: 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 d. This is achi\n+00009b60: 6576 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 206c 6f61 eved by GRUB loa\n+00009b70: 6469 6e67 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 6c79 ding a specially\n+00009b80: 206d 6164 6520 736d 616c 6c0a 696d 6167 made small.imag\n+00009b90: 6520 616e 6420 7061 7373 696e 6720 6974 e and passing it\n+00009ba0: 2061 7320 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 746f 2074 as ramdisk to t\n+00009bb0: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5468 6973 he kernel. This\n+00009bc0: 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 790a is achieved by.\n+00009bd0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 commands ...kfre\n+00009be0: 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 ebsd_module..., \n+00009bf0: e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c ...knetbsd_modul\n+00009c00: 655f 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6f70 e_elf..., ...kop\n+00009c10: 656e 6273 645f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 enbsd_ramdisk...\n+00009c20: 2c0a e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2028 ,....initrd... (\n+00009c30: 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c *note initrd::),\n+00009c40: 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 9920 ...initrd16... \n+00009c50: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a (*note initrd16:\n+00009c60: 3a29 2c0a e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 :),....multiboot\n+00009c70: 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d _module..., ...m\n+00009c80: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 325f 6d6f 6475 6c65 ultiboot2_module\n+00009c90: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 ... or ...xnu_ra\n+00009ca0: 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2064 6570 656e 6469 mdisk... dependi\n+00009cb0: 6e67 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 ng on.the loader\n+00009cc0: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2066 6f72 . Note that for\n+00009cd0: 206b 6e65 7462 7364 2074 6865 2069 6d61 knetbsd the ima\n+00009ce0: 6765 206d 7573 7420 6265 2070 7574 2069 ge must be put i\n+00009cf0: 6e73 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b nside.miniroot.k\n+00009d00: 6d6f 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 6f6c mod and the whol\n+00009d10: 6520 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 e miniroot.kmod \n+00009d20: 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 has to be loaded\n+00009d30: 2e20 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 0a70 . In kopenbsd.p\n+00009d40: 6179 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 7320 6973 2064 ayload this is d\n+00009d50: 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 isabled by defau\n+00009d60: 6c74 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c lt. Additionall\n+00009d70: 792c 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 y, behaviour of \n+00009d80: 696e 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 initial.ramdisk \n+00009d90: 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 depends on comma\n+00009da0: 6e64 206c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e nd line options.\n+00009db0: 2020 5365 7665 7261 6c20 6469 7374 7269 Several distri\n+00009dc0: 6275 746f 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 0a74 butors provide.t\n+00009dd0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2074 6869 he image for thi\n+00009de0: 7320 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6f72 2069 7427 s purpose or it'\n+00009df0: 7320 696e 7465 6772 6174 6564 2069 6e20 s integrated in \n+00009e00: 7468 6569 7220 7374 616e 6461 7264 2072 their standard r\n+00009e10: 616d 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 2061 6374 6976 amdisk.and activ\n+00009e20: 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6563 6961 6c20 ated by special \n+00009e30: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 option. Consult\n+00009e40: 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 your kernel and\n+00009e50: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e0a 6d61 distribution.ma\n+00009e60: 6e75 616c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 nual for more de\n+00009e70: 7461 696c 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6c6f tails. Other lo\n+00009e80: 6164 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6170 aders like ...ap\n+00009e90: 706c 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2c0a e280 pleloader...,...\n+00009ea0: 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 .chainloader... \n+00009eb0: 2842 494f 532c 2045 4649 2c20 636f 7265 (BIOS, EFI, core\n+00009ec0: 626f 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f boot), ...freedo\n+00009ed0: 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 s..., ...ntldr..\n+00009ee0: 992c 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 2061 ., ...plan9... a\n+00009ef0: 6e64 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 nd....truecrypt.\n+00009f00: 8099 2070 726f 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f .. provide no po\n+00009f10: 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 206c 6f61 ssibility of loa\n+00009f20: 6469 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d ding initial ram\n+00009f30: 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2061 7320 6661 720a disk and as far.\n+00009f40: 6173 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 as author is awa\n+00009f50: 7265 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 re the payloads \n+00009f60: 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 in question don'\n+00009f70: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 t support either\n+00009f80: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 616d 6469 736b initial.ramdisk\n+00009f90: 206f 7220 6469 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 or discovering \n+00009fa0: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7420 696e loopback boot in\n+00009fb0: 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 other way and a\n+00009fc0: 7320 7375 6368 206e 6f74 0a62 6f6f 7461 s such not.boota\n+00009fd0: 626c 6520 7468 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 ble this way. P\n+00009fe0: 6c65 6173 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 2061 lease consider a\n+00009ff0: 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 lternative boot \n+0000a000: 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 0a63 6f70 methods like.cop\n+0000a010: 7969 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 ying all files f\n+0000a020: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f rom the image to\n+0000a030: 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f actual partitio\n+0000a040: 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 n. Consult your\n+0000a050: 204f 530a 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f OS.documentatio\n+0000a060: 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 n for more detai\n+0000a070: 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ls.....File: gru\n+0000a080: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c b.info, Node: L\n+0000a090: 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 VM cache booting\n+0000a0a0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 , Next: OS-spec\n+0000a0b0: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 ific notes, Pre\n+0000a0c0: 763a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 v: Loopback boot\n+0000a0d0: 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e ing, Up: Bootin\n+0000a0e0: 670a 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 g..5.3 Booting f\n+0000a0f0: 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f rom LVM cache lo\n+0000a100: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a3d 3d3d gical volume.===\n 0000a110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0000a120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a130: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 ==..The LVM cach\n-0000a140: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n-0000a150: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 is the logical \n-0000a160: 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 696e volume consistin\n-0000a170: 6720 6f66 2074 6865 0a6f 7269 6769 6e61 g of the.origina\n-0000a180: 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 l and the cache \n-0000a190: 706f 6f6c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c pool logical vol\n-0000a1a0: 756d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6f72 6967 696e ume. The origin\n-0000a1b0: 616c 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6f6e al is usually on\n-0000a1c0: 0a61 206c 6172 6765 7220 616e 6420 736c .a larger and sl\n-0000a1d0: 6f77 6572 2073 746f 7261 6765 2064 6576 ower storage dev\n-0000a1e0: 6963 6520 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 6361 ice while the ca\n-0000a1f0: 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2069 7320 6f6e 2061 che pool is on a\n-0000a200: 2073 6d61 6c6c 6572 0a61 6e64 2066 6173 smaller.and fas\n-0000a210: 7465 7220 6f6e 652e 2020 5468 6520 7065 ter one. The pe\n-0000a220: 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 rformance of the\n-0000a230: 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 original volume\n-0000a240: 2063 616e 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 can be improved\n-0000a250: 0a62 7920 7374 6f72 696e 6720 7468 6520 .by storing the \n-0000a260: 6672 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 frequently used \n-0000a270: 6461 7461 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 data on the cach\n-0000a280: 6520 706f 6f6c 2074 6f20 7574 696c 697a e pool to utiliz\n-0000a290: 6520 7468 650a 6772 6561 7465 7220 7065 e the.greater pe\n-0000a2a0: 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2066 6173 rformance of fas\n-0000a2b0: 7465 7220 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 ter device... \n-0000a2c0: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d20 GRUB boots from \n-0000a2d0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 LVM cache logica\n-0000a2e0: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 206d 6572 656c 7920 l volume merely \n-0000a2f0: 6279 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 7427 730a by reading it's.\n-0000a300: 6f72 6967 696e 616c 206c 6f67 6963 616c original logical\n-0000a310: 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 736f 2074 6861 7420 volume so that \n-0000a320: 6469 7274 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 6361 dirty data in ca\n-0000a330: 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 che pool volume \n-0000a340: 6973 0a64 6973 7265 6761 7264 6564 2e20 is.disregarded. \n-0000a350: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2070 This is not a p\n-0000a360: 726f 626c 656d 2066 6f72 2022 7772 6974 roblem for \"writ\n-0000a370: 6574 6872 6f75 6768 2220 6361 6368 6520 ethrough\" cache \n-0000a380: 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 6974 0a65 6e73 7572 mode as it.ensur\n-0000a390: 6573 2074 6861 7420 616e 7920 6461 7461 es that any data\n-0000a3a0: 2077 7269 7474 656e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 written will be\n-0000a3b0: 2073 746f 7265 6420 626f 7468 206f 6e20 stored both on \n-0000a3c0: 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 616e 6420 7468 the cache and th\n-0000a3d0: 650a 6f72 6967 696e 204c 562e 2046 6f72 e.origin LV. For\n-0000a3e0: 2074 6865 206f 7468 6572 2063 6163 6865 the other cache\n-0000a3f0: 206d 6f64 6520 2277 7269 7465 6261 636b mode \"writeback\n-0000a400: 222c 2077 6869 6368 2064 656c 6179 7320 \", which delays \n-0000a410: 7772 6974 696e 670a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 writing.from the\n-0000a420: 2063 6163 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 6261 636b cache pool back\n-0000a430: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 204c to the origin L\n-0000a440: 5620 746f 2062 6f6f 7374 2070 6572 666f V to boost perfo\n-0000a450: 726d 616e 6365 2c20 4752 5542 206d 6179 rmance, GRUB may\n-0000a460: 0a66 6169 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e .fail to boot in\n-0000a470: 2074 6865 2077 616b 6520 6f66 2061 6363 the wake of acc\n-0000a480: 6964 656e 7461 6c20 706f 7765 7220 6f75 idental power ou\n-0000a490: 7461 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6974 2773 tage due to it's\n-0000a4a0: 0a69 6e61 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6173 .inability to as\n-0000a4b0: 7365 6d62 6c65 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 semble the cache\n-0000a4c0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 666f 7220 7265 6164 device for read\n-0000a4d0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 ing the required\n-0000a4e0: 2064 6972 7479 0a64 6174 6120 6c65 6674 dirty.data left\n-0000a4f0: 2062 6568 696e 642e 2020 5468 6520 7369 behind. The si\n-0000a500: 7475 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 tuation will be \n-0000a510: 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2061 6674 6572 2061 improved after a\n-0000a520: 6464 696e 6720 6675 6c6c 0a73 7570 706f dding full.suppo\n-0000a530: 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 rt to the LVM ca\n-0000a540: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n-0000a550: 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 me in the future\n-0000a560: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0000a570: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 532d info, Node: OS-\n-0000a580: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 specific notes, \n-0000a590: 2050 7265 763a 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 Prev: LVM cache\n-0000a5a0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2042 booting, Up: B\n-0000a5b0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3420 536f 6d65 ooting..5.4 Some\n-0000a5c0: 2063 6176 6561 7473 206f 6e20 4f53 2d73 caveats on OS-s\n-0000a5d0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 6573 0a3d pecific issues.=\n-0000a5e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4c56 4d20 ======..The LVM \n+0000a140: 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f cache logical vo\n+0000a150: 6c75 6d65 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 lume is the logi\n+0000a160: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 6f6e 7369 cal volume consi\n+0000a170: 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 0a6f 7269 sting of the.ori\n+0000a180: 6769 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6361 ginal and the ca\n+0000a190: 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 206c 6f67 6963 616c che pool logical\n+0000a1a0: 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6f72 volume. The or\n+0000a1b0: 6967 696e 616c 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c iginal is usuall\n+0000a1c0: 7920 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 6765 7220 616e y on.a larger an\n+0000a1d0: 6420 736c 6f77 6572 2073 746f 7261 6765 d slower storage\n+0000a1e0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7768 696c 6520 7468 device while th\n+0000a1f0: 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2069 7320 e cache pool is \n+0000a200: 6f6e 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 6572 0a61 6e64 on a smaller.and\n+0000a210: 2066 6173 7465 7220 6f6e 652e 2020 5468 faster one. Th\n+0000a220: 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 e performance of\n+0000a230: 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 766f the original vo\n+0000a240: 6c75 6d65 2063 616e 2062 6520 696d 7072 lume can be impr\n+0000a250: 6f76 6564 0a62 7920 7374 6f72 696e 6720 oved.by storing \n+0000a260: 7468 6520 6672 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2075 the frequently u\n+0000a270: 7365 6420 6461 7461 206f 6e20 7468 6520 sed data on the \n+0000a280: 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2074 6f20 7574 cache pool to ut\n+0000a290: 696c 697a 6520 7468 650a 6772 6561 7465 ilize the.greate\n+0000a2a0: 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 r performance of\n+0000a2b0: 2066 6173 7465 7220 6465 7669 6365 2e0a faster device..\n+0000a2c0: 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 . GRUB boots f\n+0000a2d0: 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f rom LVM cache lo\n+0000a2e0: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 206d 6572 gical volume mer\n+0000a2f0: 656c 7920 6279 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 ely by reading i\n+0000a300: 7427 730a 6f72 6967 696e 616c 206c 6f67 t's.original log\n+0000a310: 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 736f 2074 ical volume so t\n+0000a320: 6861 7420 6469 7274 7920 6461 7461 2069 hat dirty data i\n+0000a330: 6e20 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2076 6f6c n cache pool vol\n+0000a340: 756d 6520 6973 0a64 6973 7265 6761 7264 ume is.disregard\n+0000a350: 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 ed. This is not\n+0000a360: 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d 2066 6f72 2022 a problem for \"\n+0000a370: 7772 6974 6574 6872 6f75 6768 2220 6361 writethrough\" ca\n+0000a380: 6368 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 6974 0a65 che mode as it.e\n+0000a390: 6e73 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 616e 7920 nsures that any \n+0000a3a0: 6461 7461 2077 7269 7474 656e 2077 696c data written wil\n+0000a3b0: 6c20 6265 2073 746f 7265 6420 626f 7468 l be stored both\n+0000a3c0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 616e on the cache an\n+0000a3d0: 6420 7468 650a 6f72 6967 696e 204c 562e d the.origin LV.\n+0000a3e0: 2046 6f72 2074 6865 206f 7468 6572 2063 For the other c\n+0000a3f0: 6163 6865 206d 6f64 6520 2277 7269 7465 ache mode \"write\n+0000a400: 6261 636b 222c 2077 6869 6368 2064 656c back\", which del\n+0000a410: 6179 7320 7772 6974 696e 670a 6672 6f6d ays writing.from\n+0000a420: 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 the cache pool \n+0000a430: 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6f72 6967 back to the orig\n+0000a440: 696e 204c 5620 746f 2062 6f6f 7374 2070 in LV to boost p\n+0000a450: 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 4752 5542 erformance, GRUB\n+0000a460: 206d 6179 0a66 6169 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f may.fail to boo\n+0000a470: 7420 696e 2074 6865 2077 616b 6520 6f66 t in the wake of\n+0000a480: 2061 6363 6964 656e 7461 6c20 706f 7765 accidental powe\n+0000a490: 7220 6f75 7461 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 r outage due to \n+0000a4a0: 6974 2773 0a69 6e61 6269 6c69 7479 2074 it's.inability t\n+0000a4b0: 6f20 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 2074 6865 2063 o assemble the c\n+0000a4c0: 6163 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 666f 7220 ache device for \n+0000a4d0: 7265 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 reading the requ\n+0000a4e0: 6972 6564 2064 6972 7479 0a64 6174 6120 ired dirty.data \n+0000a4f0: 6c65 6674 2062 6568 696e 642e 2020 5468 left behind. Th\n+0000a500: 6520 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c e situation will\n+0000a510: 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2061 6674 be improved aft\n+0000a520: 6572 2061 6464 696e 6720 6675 6c6c 0a73 er adding full.s\n+0000a530: 7570 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c56 upport to the LV\n+0000a540: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n+0000a550: 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 volume in the fu\n+0000a560: 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ture.....File: g\n+0000a570: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0000a580: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n+0000a590: 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 564d 2063 es, Prev: LVM c\n+0000a5a0: 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 ache booting, U\n+0000a5b0: 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3420 p: Booting..5.4 \n+0000a5c0: 536f 6d65 2063 6176 6561 7473 206f 6e20 Some caveats on \n+0000a5d0: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 OS-specific issu\n+0000a5e0: 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d es.=============\n 0000a5f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 6572 652c 2077 6520 =====..Here, we \n-0000a610: 6465 7363 7269 6265 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 describe some ca\n-0000a620: 7665 6174 7320 6f6e 2073 6576 6572 616c veats on several\n-0000a630: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-0000a640: 6d73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 ms...* Menu:..* \n-0000a650: 474e 552f 4875 7264 3a3a 0a2a 2047 4e55 GNU/Hurd::.* GNU\n-0000a660: 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 4253 /Linux::.* NetBS\n-0000a670: 443a 3a0a 2a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 D::.* DOS/Window\n-0000a680: 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 s::....File: gru\n-0000a690: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 b.info, Node: G\n-0000a6a0: 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 NU/Hurd, Next: \n-0000a6b0: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 GNU/Linux, Up: \n-0000a6c0: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 OS-specific note\n-0000a6d0: 730a 0a35 2e34 2e31 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 s..5.4.1 GNU/Hur\n-0000a6e0: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n-0000a6f0: 0a0a 5369 6e63 6520 474e 552f 4875 7264 ..Since GNU/Hurd\n-0000a700: 2069 7320 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f is Multiboot-co\n-0000a710: 6d70 6c69 616e 742c 2069 7420 6973 2065 mpliant, it is e\n-0000a720: 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6974 3b20 asy to boot it; \n-0000a730: 7468 6572 6520 6973 0a6e 6f74 6869 6e67 there is.nothing\n-0000a740: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2061 626f 7574 2069 special about i\n-0000a750: 742e 2020 4275 7420 646f 206e 6f74 2066 t. But do not f\n-0000a760: 6f72 6765 7420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2068 orget that you h\n-0000a770: 6176 6520 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 ave to specify a\n-0000a780: 0a72 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 .root partition \n-0000a790: 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a0a to the kernel...\n-0000a7a0: 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 1. Set GRUB's \n-0000a7b0: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 root device to t\n-0000a7c0: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 he same drive as\n-0000a7d0: 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6427 732e 2020 5468 GNU/Hurd's. Th\n-0000a7e0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 e. command .\n-0000a7f0: 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 ..search --set=r\n-0000a800: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 oot --file /boot\n-0000a810: 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7ae2 8099 206f /gnumach.gz... o\n-0000a820: 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 790a 2020 r similar may. \n-0000a830: 2020 2068 656c 7020 796f 7520 282a 6e6f help you (*no\n-0000a840: 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 te search::)... \n-0000a850: 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 2. Load the ker\n-0000a860: 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 nel and the modu\n-0000a870: 6c65 732c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a les, like this:.\n-0000a880: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n-0000a890: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 202f 626f 6f74 multiboot /boot\n-0000a8a0: 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7a20 726f 6f74 /gnumach.gz root\n-0000a8b0: 3d64 6576 6963 653a 6864 3073 310a 2020 =device:hd0s1. \n-0000a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f grub> mo\n-0000a8d0: 6475 6c65 2020 2f68 7572 642f 6578 7432 dule /hurd/ext2\n-0000a8e0: 6673 2e73 7461 7469 6320 6578 7432 6673 fs.static ext2fs\n-0000a8f0: 202d 2d72 6561 646f 6e6c 7920 5c0a 2020 --readonly \\. \n-0000a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d6d 756c --mul\n-0000a920: 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c tiboot-command-l\n-0000a930: 696e 653d 2724 7b6b 6572 6e65 6c2d 636f ine='${kernel-co\n-0000a940: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 7d27 205c 0a20 mmand-line}' \\. \n-0000a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 686f --ho\n-0000a970: 7374 2d70 7269 762d 706f 7274 3d27 247b st-priv-port='${\n-0000a980: 686f 7374 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 host-port}' \\. \n-0000a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d64 6576 --dev\n-0000a9b0: 6963 652d 6d61 7374 6572 2d70 6f72 743d ice-master-port=\n-0000a9c0: 2724 7b64 6576 6963 652d 706f 7274 7d27 '${device-port}'\n-0000a9d0: 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n+0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 6572 652c =========..Here,\n+0000a610: 2077 6520 6465 7363 7269 6265 2073 6f6d we describe som\n+0000a620: 6520 6361 7665 6174 7320 6f6e 2073 6576 e caveats on sev\n+0000a630: 6572 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 eral operating s\n+0000a640: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a ystems...* Menu:\n+0000a650: 0a0a 2a20 474e 552f 4875 7264 3a3a 0a2a ..* GNU/Hurd::.*\n+0000a660: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a2a 204e GNU/Linux::.* N\n+0000a670: 6574 4253 443a 3a0a 2a20 444f 532f 5769 etBSD::.* DOS/Wi\n+0000a680: 6e64 6f77 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ndows::....File:\n+0000a690: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0000a6a0: 653a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 4e65 e: GNU/Hurd, Ne\n+0000a6b0: 7874 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 xt: GNU/Linux, \n+0000a6c0: 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 Up: OS-specific \n+0000a6d0: 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e31 2047 4e55 notes..5.4.1 GNU\n+0000a6e0: 2f48 7572 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d /Hurd.----------\n+0000a6f0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5369 6e63 6520 474e 552f ----..Since GNU/\n+0000a700: 4875 7264 2069 7320 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Hurd is Multiboo\n+0000a710: 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 742c 2069 7420 t-compliant, it \n+0000a720: 6973 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 is easy to boot \n+0000a730: 6974 3b20 7468 6572 6520 6973 0a6e 6f74 it; there is.not\n+0000a740: 6869 6e67 2073 7065 6369 616c 2061 626f hing special abo\n+0000a750: 7574 2069 742e 2020 4275 7420 646f 206e ut it. But do n\n+0000a760: 6f74 2066 6f72 6765 7420 7468 6174 2079 ot forget that y\n+0000a770: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 2073 7065 6369 ou have to speci\n+0000a780: 6679 2061 0a72 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 fy a.root partit\n+0000a790: 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 ion to the kerne\n+0000a7a0: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 l... 1. Set GRU\n+0000a7b0: 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 B's root device \n+0000a7c0: 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 to the same driv\n+0000a7d0: 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6427 732e e as GNU/Hurd's.\n+0000a7e0: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 The. comma\n+0000a7f0: 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 nd ...search --s\n+0000a800: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 202f et=root --file /\n+0000a810: 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7ae2 boot/gnumach.gz.\n+0000a820: 8099 206f 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 .. or similar ma\n+0000a830: 790a 2020 2020 2068 656c 7020 796f 7520 y. help you \n+0000a840: 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 (*note search::)\n+0000a850: 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 ... 2. Load the\n+0000a860: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 kernel and the \n+0000a870: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 206c 696b 6520 7468 modules, like th\n+0000a880: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 is:.. g\n+0000a890: 7275 623e 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 202f rub> multiboot /\n+0000a8a0: 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7a20 boot/gnumach.gz \n+0000a8b0: 726f 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 653a 6864 3073 root=device:hd0s\n+0000a8c0: 310a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 1. grub\n+0000a8d0: 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 2f68 7572 642f > module /hurd/\n+0000a8e0: 6578 7432 6673 2e73 7461 7469 6320 6578 ext2fs.static ex\n+0000a8f0: 7432 6673 202d 2d72 6561 646f 6e6c 7920 t2fs --readonly \n+0000a900: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n+0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d -\n+0000a920: 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 6d61 -multiboot-comma\n+0000a930: 6e64 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 7b6b 6572 6e65 nd-line='${kerne\n+0000a940: 6c2d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 7d27 l-command-line}'\n+0000a950: 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n+0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a970: 2d2d 686f 7374 2d70 7269 762d 706f 7274 --host-priv-port\n+0000a980: 3d27 247b 686f 7374 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 ='${host-port}' \n+0000a990: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n+0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d -\n+0000a9b0: 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 7374 6572 2d70 -device-master-p\n+0000a9c0: 6f72 743d 2724 7b64 6576 6963 652d 706f ort='${device-po\n+0000a9d0: 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt}' \\. \n 0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9f0: 2d2d 6578 6563 2d73 6572 7665 722d 7461 --exec-server-ta\n-0000aa00: 736b 3d27 247b 6578 6563 2d74 6173 6b7d sk='${exec-task}\n-0000aa10: 2720 2d54 2074 7970 6564 2027 247b 726f ' -T typed '${ro\n-0000aa20: 6f74 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot}' \\. \n+0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 2d73 6572 7665 --exec-serve\n+0000aa00: 722d 7461 736b 3d27 247b 6578 6563 2d74 r-task='${exec-t\n+0000aa10: 6173 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 7970 6564 2027 ask}' -T typed '\n+0000aa20: 247b 726f 6f74 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 ${root}' \\. \n 0000aa30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa40: 2020 2020 2724 2874 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 '$(task-crea\n-0000aa50: 7465 2927 2027 2428 7461 736b 2d72 6573 te)' '$(task-res\n-0000aa60: 756d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ume)'. \n-0000aa70: 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6c69 grub> module /li\n-0000aa80: 622f 6c64 2e73 6f2e 3120 6578 6563 202f b/ld.so.1 exec /\n-0000aa90: 6875 7264 2f65 7865 6320 2724 2865 7865 hurd/exec '$(exe\n-0000aaa0: 632d 7461 736b 3d74 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 c-task=task-crea\n-0000aab0: 7465 2927 0a0a 2020 332e 2046 696e 616c te)'.. 3. Final\n-0000aac0: 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d ly, run the comm\n-0000aad0: 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 and ...boot... (\n-0000aae0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a *note boot::)...\n-0000aaf0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0000ab00: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 o, Node: GNU/Li\n-0000ab10: 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7442 nux, Next: NetB\n-0000ab20: 5344 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f48 SD, Prev: GNU/H\n-0000ab30: 7572 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 urd, Up: OS-spe\n-0000ab40: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 cific notes..5.4\n-0000ab50: 2e32 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d .2 GNU/Linux.---\n-0000ab60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4974 ------------..It\n-0000ab70: 2069 7320 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2065 is relatively e\n-0000ab80: 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 474e 552f asy to boot GNU/\n-0000ab90: 4c69 6e75 7820 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422c Linux from GRUB,\n-0000aba0: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 736f 6d65 because it some\n-0000abb0: 7768 6174 0a72 6573 656d 626c 6573 2074 what.resembles t\n-0000abc0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2061 204d 756c 7469 626f o boot a Multibo\n-0000abd0: 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 204f 532e ot-compliant OS.\n-0000abe0: 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 .. 1. Set GRUB'\n-0000abf0: 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f s root device to\n-0000ac00: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 the same drive \n-0000ac10: 6173 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2773 2e20 as GNU/Linux's. \n-0000ac20: 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e The. comman\n-0000ac30: 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 d ...search --se\n-0000ac40: 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d66 696c 6520 2f76 t=root --file /v\n-0000ac50: 6d6c 696e 757a e280 9920 6f72 2073 696d mlinuz... or sim\n-0000ac60: 696c 6172 206d 6179 2068 656c 7020 796f ilar may help yo\n-0000ac70: 750a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 u. (*note se\n-0000ac80: 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 204c arch::)... 2. L\n-0000ac90: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 oad the kernel u\n-0000aca0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 sing the command\n-0000acb0: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e ...linux... (*n\n-0000acc0: 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 ote linux::):.. \n-0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206c grub> l\n-0000ace0: 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f inux /vmlinuz ro\n-0000acf0: 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 ot=/dev/sda1.. \n-0000ad00: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 If you need t\n-0000ad10: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 736f 6d65 206b o specify some k\n-0000ad20: 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 ernel parameters\n-0000ad30: 2c20 6a75 7374 2061 7070 656e 6420 7468 , just append th\n-0000ad40: 656d 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 em to. the c\n-0000ad50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 ommand. For exa\n-0000ad60: 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 6574 20e2 8098 mple, to set ...\n-0000ad70: 6163 7069 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6f66 acpi... to ...of\n-0000ad80: 66e2 8099 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a f..., do this:..\n-0000ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n-0000ada0: 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 linux /vmlinuz r\n-0000adb0: 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 oot=/dev/sda1 ac\n-0000adc0: 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 pi=off.. See\n-0000add0: 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 the documentati\n-0000ade0: 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 on in the Linux \n-0000adf0: 736f 7572 6365 2074 7265 6520 666f 7220 source tree for \n-0000ae00: 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e complete. in\n-0000ae10: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 formation on the\n-0000ae20: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7074 696f available optio\n-0000ae30: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 ns... With .\n-0000ae40: 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2047 5255 4220 ..linux... GRUB \n-0000ae50: 7573 6573 2033 322d 6269 7420 7072 6f74 uses 32-bit prot\n-0000ae60: 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 ocol. Some BIOS\n-0000ae70: 2073 6572 7669 6365 7320 6c69 6b65 0a20 services like. \n-0000ae80: 2020 2020 4150 4d20 6f72 2045 4444 2061 APM or EDD a\n-0000ae90: 7265 6e27 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 ren't available \n-0000aea0: 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f74 6f63 with this protoc\n-0000aeb0: 6f6c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 ol. In this cas\n-0000aec0: 6520 796f 750a 2020 2020 206e 6565 6420 e you. need \n-0000aed0: 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 to use ...linux1\n-0000aee0: 36e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6..... \n-0000aef0: 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 2f76 grub> linux16 /v\n-0000af00: 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 mlinuz root=/dev\n-0000af10: 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a /sda1 acpi=off..\n-0000af20: 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 3. If you use \n-0000af30: 616e 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2065 7865 6375 an initrd, execu\n-0000af40: 7465 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 te the command .\n-0000af50: 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ..initrd... (*no\n-0000af60: 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 0a20 2020 te initrd::). \n-0000af70: 2020 6166 7465 7220 e280 986c 696e 7578 after ...linux\n-0000af80: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ...:.. \n-0000af90: 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 202f 696e grub> initrd /in\n-0000afa0: 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f itrd.. If yo\n-0000afb0: 7520 7573 6564 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 u used ...linux1\n-0000afc0: 36e2 8099 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 6... you need to\n-0000afd0: 2075 7365 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 use ...initrd16\n-0000afe0: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ...:.. \n-0000aff0: 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 3136 202f grub> initrd16 /\n-0000b000: 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e initrd.. 4. Fin\n-0000b010: 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f ally, run the co\n-0000b020: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 mmand ...boot...\n-0000b030: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e (*note boot::).\n-0000b040: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0000b050: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7442 nfo, Node: NetB\n-0000b060: 5344 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 4f53 2f57 SD, Next: DOS/W\n-0000b070: 696e 646f 7773 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 indows, Prev: G\n-0000b080: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204f NU/Linux, Up: O\n-0000b090: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n-0000b0a0: 0a0a 352e 342e 3320 4e65 7442 5344 0a2d ..5.4.3 NetBSD.-\n-0000b0b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 6f6f -----------..Boo\n-0000b0c0: 7469 6e67 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 ting a NetBSD ke\n-0000b0d0: 726e 656c 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2069 rnel from GRUB i\n-0000b0e0: 7320 616c 736f 2072 656c 6174 6976 656c s also relativel\n-0000b0f0: 7920 6561 7379 3a20 6669 7273 7420 7365 y easy: first se\n-0000b100: 740a 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 t.GRUB's root de\n-0000b110: 7669 6365 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 vice, then load \n-0000b120: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2074 the kernel and t\n-0000b130: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 he modules, and \n-0000b140: 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a 7275 6e20 e280 9862 finally.run ...b\n-0000b150: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 oot...... 1. Se\n-0000b160: 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 t GRUB's root de\n-0000b170: 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 vice to the part\n-0000b180: 6974 696f 6e20 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 ition holding th\n-0000b190: 6520 4e65 7442 5344 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 e NetBSD root. \n-0000b1a0: 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 file system. \n-0000b1b0: 2046 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 7769 7468 For a disk with\n-0000b1c0: 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6469 736b 206c a NetBSD disk l\n-0000b1d0: 6162 656c 2c20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7573 abel, this is us\n-0000b1e0: 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 ually. the f\n-0000b1f0: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 irst partition (\n-0000b200: 613a 292e 2020 496e 2074 6861 7420 6361 a:). In that ca\n-0000b210: 7365 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 se, and assuming\n-0000b220: 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 that the. p\n-0000b230: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 artition is on t\n-0000b240: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 he first hard di\n-0000b250: 736b 2c20 7365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 sk, set GRUB's r\n-0000b260: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2061 730a 2020 oot device as. \n-0000b270: 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 follows:.. \n-0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 grub> ins\n-0000b290: 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f62 7364 0a20 2020 mod part_bsd. \n-0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 grub> set\n-0000b2b0: 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 root=(hd0,netbs\n-0000b2c0: 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6120 d1).. For a \n-0000b2d0: 6469 736b 2077 6974 6820 6120 4755 4944 disk with a GUID\n-0000b2e0: 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 Partition Table\n-0000b2f0: 2028 4750 5429 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 (GPT), and assu\n-0000b300: 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 ming that the. \n-0000b310: 2020 204e 6574 4253 4420 726f 6f74 2070 NetBSD root p\n-0000b320: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7468 6520 artition is the \n-0000b330: 7468 6972 6420 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 third GPT partit\n-0000b340: 696f 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 ion, do this:.. \n-0000b350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 grub> i\n-0000b360: 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f67 7074 0a20 nsmod part_gpt. \n-0000b370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 grub> s\n-0000b380: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c67 7074 et root=(hd0,gpt\n-0000b390: 3329 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 3).. 2. Load th\n-0000b3a0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 e kernel using t\n-0000b3b0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6b6e he command ...kn\n-0000b3c0: 6574 6273 64e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 etbsd...:.. \n-0000b3d0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b 6e65 7462 grub> knetb\n-0000b3e0: 7364 202f 6e65 7462 7364 0a0a 2020 2020 sd /netbsd.. \n-0000b3f0: 2056 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 Various options\n-0000b400: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 746f may be given to\n-0000b410: 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 2e20 ...knetbsd.... \n-0000b420: 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 These options a\n-0000b430: 7265 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 re, for. the\n-0000b440: 206d 6f73 7420 7061 7274 2c20 7468 6520 most part, the \n-0000b450: 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 6865 204e same as in the N\n-0000b460: 6574 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 etBSD boot loade\n-0000b470: 722e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 r. For. ins\n-0000b480: 7461 6e63 652c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 tance, to boot t\n-0000b490: 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2073 696e he system in sin\n-0000b4a0: 676c 652d 7573 6572 206d 6f64 6520 616e gle-user mode an\n-0000b4b0: 6420 7769 7468 2076 6572 626f 7365 0a20 d with verbose. \n-0000b4c0: 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 646f messages, do\n-0000b4d0: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n-0000b4e0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 6420 grub> knetbsd \n-0000b4f0: 2f6e 6574 6273 6420 2d73 202d 760a 0a20 /netbsd -s -v.. \n-0000b500: 2033 2e20 4966 206e 6565 6465 642c 206c 3. If needed, l\n-0000b510: 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c oad kernel modul\n-0000b520: 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 636f 6d6d es with the comm\n-0000b530: 616e 640a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 and. ...knet\n-0000b540: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 bsd_module_elf..\n-0000b550: 992e 2020 4120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 6578 .. A typical ex\n-0000b560: 616d 706c 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f64 ample is the mod\n-0000b570: 756c 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 726f 6f74 ule for the root\n-0000b580: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 . file syste\n-0000b590: 6d3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 m:.. gr\n-0000b5a0: 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 ub> knetbsd_modu\n-0000b5b0: 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 7374 616e 642f 616d le_elf /stand/am\n-0000b5c0: 6436 342f 362e 302f 6d6f 6475 6c65 732f d64/6.0/modules/\n-0000b5d0: 6666 732f 6666 732e 6b6d 6f64 0a0a 2020 ffs/ffs.kmod.. \n-0000b5e0: 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 4. Finally, run \n-0000b5f0: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 the command ...b\n-0000b600: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f oot... (*note bo\n-0000b610: 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ot::).....File: \n-0000b620: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0000b630: 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732c 2020 : DOS/Windows, \n-0000b640: 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2055 Prev: NetBSD, U\n-0000b650: 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e p: OS-specific n\n-0000b660: 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3420 444f 532f otes..5.4.4 DOS/\n-0000b670: 5769 6e64 6f77 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Windows.--------\n-0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 5255 4220 ---------..GRUB \n-0000b690: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 444f 5320 cannot boot DOS \n-0000b6a0: 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2064 6972 6563 or Windows direc\n-0000b6b0: 746c 792c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 tly, so you must\n-0000b6c0: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d chain-load them\n-0000b6d0: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f .(*note Chain-lo\n-0000b6e0: 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 ading::). Howev\n-0000b6f0: 6572 2c20 7468 6569 7220 626f 6f74 206c er, their boot l\n-0000b700: 6f61 6465 7273 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 oaders have some\n-0000b710: 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 6465 6669 6369 critical.defici\n-0000b720: 656e 6369 6573 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d61 encies, so it ma\n-0000b730: 7920 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 2074 6f20 6a75 y not work to ju\n-0000b740: 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 st chain-load th\n-0000b750: 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 6f76 6572 636f 6d65 em. To overcome\n-0000b760: 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2047 .the problems, G\n-0000b770: 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 RUB provides you\n-0000b780: 2077 6974 6820 7477 6f20 6865 6c70 6572 with two helper\n-0000b790: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 functions... \n-0000b7a0: 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 696e 7374 If you have inst\n-0000b7b0: 616c 6c65 6420 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 alled DOS (or Wi\n-0000b7c0: 6e64 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 6120 6e6f 6e2d ndows) on a non-\n-0000b7d0: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c first hard disk,\n-0000b7e0: 2079 6f75 0a68 6176 6520 746f 2075 7365 you.have to use\n-0000b7f0: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 7377 6170 7069 the disk swappi\n-0000b800: 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2c20 6265 ng technique, be\n-0000b810: 6361 7573 6520 7468 6174 204f 5320 6361 cause that OS ca\n-0000b820: 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 740a 6672 6f6d 2061 nnot boot.from a\n-0000b830: 6e79 2064 6973 6b73 2062 7574 2074 6865 ny disks but the\n-0000b840: 2066 6972 7374 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 first one. The\n-0000b850: 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 7573 6564 workaround used\n-0000b860: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 7468 650a in GRUB is the.\n-0000b870: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9864 7269 7665 command ...drive\n-0000b880: 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 map... (*note dr\n-0000b890: 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 292c 206c 696b 6520 ivemap::), like \n-0000b8a0: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 this:.. driv\n-0000b8b0: 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 emap -s (hd0) (h\n-0000b8c0: 6431 290a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 6572 d1).. This per\n-0000b8d0: 666f 726d 7320 6120 e280 9c76 6972 7475 forms a ...virtu\n-0000b8e0: 616c e280 9d20 7377 6170 2062 6574 7765 al... swap betwe\n-0000b8f0: 656e 2079 6f75 7220 6669 7273 7420 616e en your first an\n-0000b900: 6420 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 640a 6472 d second hard.dr\n-0000b910: 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f ive... *Cautio\n-0000b920: 6e3a 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 6566 6665 n:* This is effe\n-0000b930: 6374 6976 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 444f ctive only if DO\n-0000b940: 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2075 S (or Windows) u\n-0000b950: 7365 7320 4249 4f53 2074 6f0a 6163 6365 ses BIOS to.acce\n-0000b960: 7373 2074 6865 2073 7761 7070 6564 2064 ss the swapped d\n-0000b970: 6973 6b73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6174 204f isks. If that O\n-0000b980: 5320 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c S uses a special\n-0000b990: 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 7220 7468 650a driver for the.\n-0000b9a0: 6469 736b 732c 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 disks, this prob\n-0000b9b0: 6162 6c79 2077 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 6b2e ably won't work.\n-0000b9c0: 0a0a 2020 2041 6e6f 7468 6572 2070 726f .. Another pro\n-0000b9d0: 626c 656d 2061 7269 7365 7320 6966 2079 blem arises if y\n-0000b9e0: 6f75 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206d 6f72 ou installed mor\n-0000b9f0: 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 6574 206f e than one set o\n-0000ba00: 660a 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 6f6e f.DOS/Windows on\n-0000ba10: 746f 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2c 2062 6563 to one disk, bec\n-0000ba20: 6175 7365 2074 6865 7920 636f 756c 6420 ause they could \n-0000ba30: 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 6966 2074 be confused if t\n-0000ba40: 6865 7265 2061 7265 0a6d 6f72 6520 7468 here are.more th\n-0000ba50: 616e 206f 6e65 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 an one primary p\n-0000ba60: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 444f artitions for DO\n-0000ba70: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 2020 4365 7274 S/Windows. Cert\n-0000ba80: 6169 6e6c 7920 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 ainly you should\n-0000ba90: 0a61 766f 6964 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 .avoid doing thi\n-0000baa0: 732c 2062 7574 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 s, but there is \n-0000bab0: 6120 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 6620 796f a solution if yo\n-0000bac0: 7520 646f 2077 616e 7420 746f 2064 6f20 u do want to do \n-0000bad0: 736f 2e20 2055 7365 0a74 6865 2070 6172 so. Use.the par\n-0000bae0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 6964 696e 672f 756e tition hiding/un\n-0000baf0: 6869 6469 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 hiding technique\n-0000bb00: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 ... If GRUB ..\n-0000bb10: 9c68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 .hides... a DOS \n-0000bb20: 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 (or Windows) par\n-0000bb30: 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 tition (*note pa\n-0000bb40: 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 292c 2044 4f53 0a28 rttool::), DOS.(\n-0000bb50: 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 7769 6c6c or Windows) will\n-0000bb60: 2069 676e 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 ignore the part\n-0000bb70: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 ition. If GRUB \n-0000bb80: e280 9c75 6e68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 ...unhides... a \n-0000bb90: 444f 5320 286f 720a 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or.Windows)\n-0000bba0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 444f 5320 partition, DOS \n-0000bbb0: 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 696c (or Windows) wil\n-0000bbc0: 6c20 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2070 6172 l detect the par\n-0000bbd0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6875 732c 0a69 tition. Thus,.i\n-0000bbe0: 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2069 6e73 7461 f you have insta\n-0000bbf0: 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e lled DOS (or Win\n-0000bc00: 646f 7773 2920 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 dows) on the fir\n-0000bc10: 7374 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e st and the secon\n-0000bc20: 640a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 d.partition of t\n-0000bc30: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 he first hard di\n-0000bc40: 736b 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 sk, and you want\n-0000bc50: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f70 to boot the cop\n-0000bc60: 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2070 y on the.first p\n-0000bc70: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 6865 artition, do the\n-0000bc80: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 following:.. \n-0000bc90: 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c parttool (hd0,\n-0000bca0: 3129 2068 6964 6465 6e2d 0a20 2020 2020 1) hidden-. \n-0000bcb0: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3229 parttool (hd0,2)\n-0000bcc0: 2068 6964 6465 6e2b 0a20 2020 2020 7365 hidden+. se\n-0000bcd0: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 t root=(hd0,1). \n-0000bce0: 2020 2020 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 chainloader \n-0000bcf0: 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c +1. parttool\n-0000bd00: 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2062 6f6f 742b 0a20 ${root} boot+. \n-0000bd10: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 boot....File\n-0000bd20: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0000bd30: 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f de: Configuratio\n-0000bd40: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5468 656d 6520 n, Next: Theme \n-0000bd50: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 5072 file format, Pr\n-0000bd60: 6576 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 ev: Booting, Up\n-0000bd70: 3a20 546f 700a 0a36 2057 7269 7469 6e67 : Top..6 Writing\n-0000bd80: 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 your own config\n-0000bd90: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2a2a uration file.***\n-0000bda0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2724 2874 6173 6b2d '$(task-\n+0000aa50: 6372 6561 7465 2927 2027 2428 7461 736b create)' '$(task\n+0000aa60: 2d72 6573 756d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 -resume)'. \n+0000aa70: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 grub> module\n+0000aa80: 202f 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 6f2e 3120 6578 /lib/ld.so.1 ex\n+0000aa90: 6563 202f 6875 7264 2f65 7865 6320 2724 ec /hurd/exec '$\n+0000aaa0: 2865 7865 632d 7461 736b 3d74 6173 6b2d (exec-task=task-\n+0000aab0: 6372 6561 7465 2927 0a0a 2020 332e 2046 create)'.. 3. F\n+0000aac0: 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 inally, run the \n+0000aad0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 command ...boot.\n+0000aae0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a .. (*note boot::\n+0000aaf0: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+0000ab00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e .info, Node: GN\n+0000ab10: 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 U/Linux, Next: \n+0000ab20: 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 NetBSD, Prev: G\n+0000ab30: 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 NU/Hurd, Up: OS\n+0000ab40: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a -specific notes.\n+0000ab50: 0a35 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 .5.4.2 GNU/Linux\n+0000ab60: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0000ab70: 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 7265 6c61 7469 7665 ..It is relative\n+0000ab80: 6c79 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 ly easy to boot \n+0000ab90: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6672 6f6d 2047 GNU/Linux from G\n+0000aba0: 5255 422c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 RUB, because it \n+0000abb0: 736f 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 6573 656d 626c somewhat.resembl\n+0000abc0: 6573 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2061 204d 756c es to boot a Mul\n+0000abd0: 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 tiboot-compliant\n+0000abe0: 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 OS... 1. Set G\n+0000abf0: 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 RUB's root devic\n+0000ac00: 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 e to the same dr\n+0000ac10: 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 ive as GNU/Linux\n+0000ac20: 2773 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 's. The. co\n+0000ac30: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 mmand ...search \n+0000ac40: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d66 696c --set=root --fil\n+0000ac50: 6520 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a e280 9920 6f72 e /vmlinuz... or\n+0000ac60: 2073 696d 696c 6172 206d 6179 2068 656c similar may hel\n+0000ac70: 7020 796f 750a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 p you. (*not\n+0000ac80: 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 e search::)... \n+0000ac90: 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 2. Load the kern\n+0000aca0: 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d el using the com\n+0000acb0: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 mand ...linux...\n+0000acc0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 (*note linux::)\n+0000acd0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n+0000ace0: 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 b> linux /vmlinu\n+0000acf0: 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 6131 z root=/dev/sda1\n+0000ad00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 .. If you ne\n+0000ad10: 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 736f ed to specify so\n+0000ad20: 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 me kernel parame\n+0000ad30: 7465 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 2061 7070 656e ters, just appen\n+0000ad40: 6420 7468 656d 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 d them to. t\n+0000ad50: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 6f72 he command. For\n+0000ad60: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 6574 example, to set\n+0000ad70: 20e2 8098 6163 7069 e280 9920 746f 20e2 ...acpi... to .\n+0000ad80: 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 646f 2074 6869 ..off..., do thi\n+0000ad90: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 s:.. gr\n+0000ada0: 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e ub> linux /vmlin\n+0000adb0: 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 uz root=/dev/sda\n+0000adc0: 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 2020 1 acpi=off.. \n+0000add0: 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e See the documen\n+0000ade0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 tation in the Li\n+0000adf0: 6e75 7820 736f 7572 6365 2074 7265 6520 nux source tree \n+0000ae00: 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 for complete. \n+0000ae10: 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e information on\n+0000ae20: 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f the available o\n+0000ae30: 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 ptions... Wi\n+0000ae40: 7468 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2047 th ...linux... G\n+0000ae50: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2033 322d 6269 7420 RUB uses 32-bit \n+0000ae60: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2053 6f6d 6520 protocol. Some \n+0000ae70: 4249 4f53 2073 6572 7669 6365 7320 6c69 BIOS services li\n+0000ae80: 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 4150 4d20 6f72 2045 ke. APM or E\n+0000ae90: 4444 2061 7265 6e27 7420 6176 6169 6c61 DD aren't availa\n+0000aea0: 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7072 ble with this pr\n+0000aeb0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 otocol. In this\n+0000aec0: 2063 6173 6520 796f 750a 2020 2020 206e case you. n\n+0000aed0: 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 6c69 eed to use ...li\n+0000aee0: 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 nux16..... \n+0000aef0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7831 grub> linux1\n+0000af00: 3620 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 6 /vmlinuz root=\n+0000af10: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f /dev/sda1 acpi=o\n+0000af20: 6666 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 ff.. 3. If you \n+0000af30: 7573 6520 616e 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2065 use an initrd, e\n+0000af40: 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 xecute the comma\n+0000af50: 6e64 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 nd ...initrd... \n+0000af60: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 (*note initrd::)\n+0000af70: 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 e280 986c . after ...l\n+0000af80: 696e 7578 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 inux...:.. \n+0000af90: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 grub> initrd\n+0000afa0: 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 /initrd.. I\n+0000afb0: 6620 796f 7520 7573 6564 20e2 8098 6c69 f you used ...li\n+0000afc0: 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 2079 6f75 206e 6565 nux16... you nee\n+0000afd0: 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 696e 6974 d to use ...init\n+0000afe0: 7264 3136 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 rd16...:.. \n+0000aff0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 grub> initrd\n+0000b000: 3136 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 342e 16 /initrd.. 4.\n+0000b010: 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 Finally, run th\n+0000b020: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f e command ...boo\n+0000b030: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 t... (*note boot\n+0000b040: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n+0000b050: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0000b060: 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 NetBSD, Next: D\n+0000b070: 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 2c20 2050 7265 OS/Windows, Pre\n+0000b080: 763a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 v: GNU/Linux, U\n+0000b090: 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e p: OS-specific n\n+0000b0a0: 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3320 4e65 7442 otes..5.4.3 NetB\n+0000b0b0: 5344 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a SD.------------.\n+0000b0c0: 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 204e 6574 4253 .Booting a NetBS\n+0000b0d0: 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2066 726f 6d20 4752 D kernel from GR\n+0000b0e0: 5542 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 656c 6174 UB is also relat\n+0000b0f0: 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 3a20 6669 7273 ively easy: firs\n+0000b100: 7420 7365 740a 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f t set.GRUB's roo\n+0000b110: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2c20 7468 656e 206c t device, then l\n+0000b120: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2061 oad the kernel a\n+0000b130: 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 nd the modules, \n+0000b140: 616e 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a 7275 6e20 and finally.run \n+0000b150: e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2031 ...boot...... 1\n+0000b160: 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f . Set GRUB's roo\n+0000b170: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 t device to the \n+0000b180: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 686f 6c64 696e partition holdin\n+0000b190: 6720 7468 6520 4e65 7442 5344 2072 6f6f g the NetBSD roo\n+0000b1a0: 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 t. file syst\n+0000b1b0: 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 em. For a disk \n+0000b1c0: 7769 7468 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6469 with a NetBSD di\n+0000b1d0: 736b 206c 6162 656c 2c20 7468 6973 2069 sk label, this i\n+0000b1e0: 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2074 s usually. t\n+0000b1f0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+0000b200: 6f6e 2028 613a 292e 2020 496e 2074 6861 on (a:). In tha\n+0000b210: 7420 6361 7365 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 t case, and assu\n+0000b220: 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 ming that the. \n+0000b230: 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 partition is \n+0000b240: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 on the first har\n+0000b250: 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 4752 5542 d disk, set GRUB\n+0000b260: 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2061 's root device a\n+0000b270: 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a s. follows:.\n+0000b280: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n+0000b290: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f62 7364 insmod part_bsd\n+0000b2a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n+0000b2b0: 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c6e set root=(hd0,n\n+0000b2c0: 6574 6273 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 466f etbsd1).. Fo\n+0000b2d0: 7220 6120 6469 736b 2077 6974 6820 6120 r a disk with a \n+0000b2e0: 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 GUID Partition T\n+0000b2f0: 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2c20 616e 6420 able (GPT), and \n+0000b300: 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 assuming that th\n+0000b310: 650a 2020 2020 204e 6574 4253 4420 726f e. NetBSD ro\n+0000b320: 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 ot partition is \n+0000b330: 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 4750 5420 7061 the third GPT pa\n+0000b340: 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 6973 rtition, do this\n+0000b350: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n+0000b360: 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f67 b> insmod part_g\n+0000b370: 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 pt. gru\n+0000b380: 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 b> set root=(hd0\n+0000b390: 2c67 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 ,gpt3).. 2. Loa\n+0000b3a0: 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 d the kernel usi\n+0000b3b0: 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 ng the command .\n+0000b3c0: 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 ..knetbsd...:.. \n+0000b3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b grub> k\n+0000b3e0: 6e65 7462 7364 202f 6e65 7462 7364 0a0a netbsd /netbsd..\n+0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2056 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 Various opt\n+0000b400: 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 ions may be give\n+0000b410: 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 n to ...knetbsd.\n+0000b420: 8099 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f ... These optio\n+0000b430: 6e73 2061 7265 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 ns are, for. \n+0000b440: 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7061 7274 2c20 the most part, \n+0000b450: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 the same as in t\n+0000b460: 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c he NetBSD boot l\n+0000b470: 6f61 6465 722e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 oader. For. \n+0000b480: 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2074 6f20 626f instance, to bo\n+0000b490: 6f74 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e ot the system in\n+0000b4a0: 2073 696e 676c 652d 7573 6572 206d 6f64 single-user mod\n+0000b4b0: 6520 616e 6420 7769 7468 2076 6572 626f e and with verbo\n+0000b4c0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 6573 se. messages\n+0000b4d0: 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 , do this:.. \n+0000b4e0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 grub> knet\n+0000b4f0: 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 6420 2d73 202d bsd /netbsd -s -\n+0000b500: 760a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 206e 6565 6465 v.. 3. If neede\n+0000b510: 642c 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206d d, load kernel m\n+0000b520: 6f64 756c 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 odules with the \n+0000b530: 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 command. ...\n+0000b540: 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 knetbsd_module_e\n+0000b550: 6c66 e280 992e 2020 4120 7479 7069 6361 lf.... A typica\n+0000b560: 6c20 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 2074 6865 l example is the\n+0000b570: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 module for the \n+0000b580: 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 root. file s\n+0000b590: 7973 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ystem:.. \n+0000b5a0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 645f grub> knetbsd_\n+0000b5b0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 7374 616e module_elf /stan\n+0000b5c0: 642f 616d 6436 342f 362e 302f 6d6f 6475 d/amd64/6.0/modu\n+0000b5d0: 6c65 732f 6666 732f 6666 732e 6b6d 6f64 les/ffs/ffs.kmod\n+0000b5e0: 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 .. 4. Finally, \n+0000b5f0: 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 run the command \n+0000b600: e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ...boot... (*not\n+0000b610: 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e boot::).....Fi\n+0000b620: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0000b630: 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 Node: DOS/Window\n+0000b640: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 s, Prev: NetBSD\n+0000b650: 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 , Up: OS-specif\n+0000b660: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3420 ic notes..5.4.4 \n+0000b670: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 730a 2d2d 2d2d DOS/Windows.----\n+0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 -------------..G\n+0000b690: 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 RUB cannot boot \n+0000b6a0: 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2064 DOS or Windows d\n+0000b6b0: 6972 6563 746c 792c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 irectly, so you \n+0000b6c0: 6d75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 must chain-load \n+0000b6d0: 7468 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 them.(*note Chai\n+0000b6e0: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e20 2048 n-loading::). H\n+0000b6f0: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6569 7220 626f owever, their bo\n+0000b700: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2068 6176 6520 ot loaders have \n+0000b710: 736f 6d65 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 6465 some critical.de\n+0000b720: 6669 6369 656e 6369 6573 2c20 736f 2069 ficiencies, so i\n+0000b730: 7420 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 2074 t may not work t\n+0000b740: 6f20 6a75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 o just chain-loa\n+0000b750: 6420 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 6f76 6572 d them. To over\n+0000b760: 636f 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d come.the problem\n+0000b770: 732c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 s, GRUB provides\n+0000b780: 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 7477 6f20 6865 you with two he\n+0000b790: 6c70 6572 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a lper functions..\n+0000b7a0: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 . If you have \n+0000b7b0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f 5320 286f installed DOS (o\n+0000b7c0: 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 6120 r Windows) on a \n+0000b7d0: 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 non-first hard d\n+0000b7e0: 6973 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 6176 6520 746f isk, you.have to\n+0000b7f0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 7377 use the disk sw\n+0000b800: 6170 7069 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 apping technique\n+0000b810: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6174 204f , because that O\n+0000b820: 5320 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 740a 6672 S cannot boot.fr\n+0000b830: 6f6d 2061 6e79 2064 6973 6b73 2062 7574 om any disks but\n+0000b840: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206f 6e65 2e20 the first one. \n+0000b850: 2054 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 The workaround \n+0000b860: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 used in GRUB is \n+0000b870: 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9864 the.command ...d\n+0000b880: 7269 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 rivemap... (*not\n+0000b890: 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 292c 206c e drivemap::), l\n+0000b8a0: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n+0000b8b0: 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 drivemap -s (hd0\n+0000b8c0: 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 ) (hd1).. This\n+0000b8d0: 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 e280 9c76 performs a ...v\n+0000b8e0: 6972 7475 616c e280 9d20 7377 6170 2062 irtual... swap b\n+0000b8f0: 6574 7765 656e 2079 6f75 7220 6669 7273 etween your firs\n+0000b900: 7420 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 t and second har\n+0000b910: 640a 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 4361 d.drive... *Ca\n+0000b920: 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 ution:* This is \n+0000b930: 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 effective only i\n+0000b940: 6620 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 f DOS (or Window\n+0000b950: 7329 2075 7365 7320 4249 4f53 2074 6f0a s) uses BIOS to.\n+0000b960: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 2073 7761 7070 access the swapp\n+0000b970: 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ed disks. If th\n+0000b980: 6174 204f 5320 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 at OS uses a spe\n+0000b990: 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 7220 cial driver for \n+0000b9a0: 7468 650a 6469 736b 732c 2074 6869 7320 the.disks, this \n+0000b9b0: 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 6f6e 2774 2077 probably won't w\n+0000b9c0: 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e6f 7468 6572 ork... Another\n+0000b9d0: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2061 7269 7365 7320 problem arises \n+0000b9e0: 6966 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 if you installed\n+0000b9f0: 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 more than one s\n+0000ba00: 6574 206f 660a 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 et of.DOS/Window\n+0000ba10: 7320 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2c s onto one disk,\n+0000ba20: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7920 636f because they co\n+0000ba30: 756c 6420 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 uld be confused \n+0000ba40: 6966 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 0a6d 6f72 if there are.mor\n+0000ba50: 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2070 7269 6d61 e than one prima\n+0000ba60: 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 666f ry partitions fo\n+0000ba70: 7220 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 2020 r DOS/Windows. \n+0000ba80: 4365 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 796f 7520 7368 Certainly you sh\n+0000ba90: 6f75 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 2064 6f69 6e67 ould.avoid doing\n+0000baa0: 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2074 6865 7265 this, but there\n+0000bab0: 2069 7320 6120 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 is a solution i\n+0000bac0: 6620 796f 7520 646f 2077 616e 7420 746f f you do want to\n+0000bad0: 2064 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 7365 0a74 6865 do so. Use.the\n+0000bae0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 6964 696e partition hidin\n+0000baf0: 672f 756e 6869 6469 6e67 2074 6563 686e g/unhiding techn\n+0000bb00: 6971 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2047 5255 ique... If GRU\n+0000bb10: 4220 e280 9c68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 B ...hides... a \n+0000bb20: 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or Windows)\n+0000bb30: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 partition (*not\n+0000bb40: 6520 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 292c 2044 e parttool::), D\n+0000bb50: 4f53 0a28 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 OS.(or Windows) \n+0000bb60: 7769 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6520 7468 6520 will ignore the \n+0000bb70: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2047 partition. If G\n+0000bb80: 5255 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 6964 6573 e280 RUB ...unhides..\n+0000bb90: 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 720a 5769 6e64 . a DOS (or.Wind\n+0000bba0: 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 ows) partition, \n+0000bbb0: 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or Windows)\n+0000bbc0: 2077 696c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 will detect the\n+0000bbd0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6875 partition. Thu\n+0000bbe0: 732c 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2069 s,.if you have i\n+0000bbf0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 nstalled DOS (or\n+0000bc00: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 6f6e 2074 6865 Windows) on the\n+0000bc10: 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 first and the s\n+0000bc20: 6563 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 econd.partition \n+0000bc30: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 of the first har\n+0000bc40: 6420 6469 736b 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 d disk, and you \n+0000bc50: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 want to boot the\n+0000bc60: 2063 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 6972 copy on the.fir\n+0000bc70: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f st partition, do\n+0000bc80: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a the following:.\n+0000bc90: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 . parttool (\n+0000bca0: 6864 302c 3129 2068 6964 6465 6e2d 0a20 hd0,1) hidden-. \n+0000bcb0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 parttool (hd\n+0000bcc0: 302c 3229 2068 6964 6465 6e2b 0a20 2020 0,2) hidden+. \n+0000bcd0: 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c set root=(hd0,\n+0000bce0: 3129 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 1). chainloa\n+0000bcf0: 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 der +1. part\n+0000bd00: 746f 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2062 6f6f tool ${root} boo\n+0000bd10: 742b 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 0a0a 1f0a t+. boot....\n+0000bd20: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0000bd30: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 Node: Configur\n+0000bd40: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5468 ation, Next: Th\n+0000bd50: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c eme file format,\n+0000bd60: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 672c Prev: Booting,\n+0000bd70: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a36 2057 7269 Up: Top..6 Wri\n+0000bd80: 7469 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 636f ting your own co\n+0000bd90: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+0000bda0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n 0000bdb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0000bdc0: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 7320 636f 6e66 **..GRUB is conf\n-0000bdd0: 6967 7572 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 igured using ...\n-0000bde0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2075 7375 grub.cfg..., usu\n-0000bdf0: 616c 6c79 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2075 6e64 ally located und\n-0000be00: 6572 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 er .../boot/grub\n-0000be10: e280 992e 0a54 6869 7320 6669 6c65 2069 .....This file i\n-0000be20: 7320 7175 6974 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 s quite flexible\n-0000be30: 2c20 6275 7420 6d6f 7374 2075 7365 7273 , but most users\n-0000be40: 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 2074 will not need t\n-0000be50: 6f20 7772 6974 6520 7468 650a 7768 6f6c o write the.whol\n-0000be60: 6520 7468 696e 6720 6279 2068 616e 642e e thing by hand.\n-0000be70: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 696d ..* Menu:..* Sim\n-0000be80: 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple configuratio\n-0000be90: 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 n:: R\n-0000bea0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2066 6f72 206d ecommended for m\n-0000beb0: 6f73 7420 7573 6572 730a 2a20 526f 6f74 ost users.* Root\n-0000bec0: 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 Identifcation H\n-0000bed0: 6575 7269 7374 6963 733a 3a20 2020 5375 euristics:: Su\n-0000bee0: 6d6d 6172 7920 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 6865 mmary on how the\n-0000bef0: 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 root file syste\n-0000bf00: 6d20 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 642e m is identified.\n-0000bf10: 0a2a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 .* Shell-like sc\n-0000bf20: 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ripting:: \n-0000bf30: 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 For power u\n-0000bf40: 7365 7273 2061 6e64 2064 6576 656c 6f70 sers and develop\n-0000bf50: 6572 730a 2a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 ers.* Multi-boot\n-0000bf60: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a manual config::\n-0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f 7220 6e6f 6e2d For non-\n-0000bf80: 7374 616e 6461 7264 206d 756c 7469 2d4f standard multi-O\n-0000bf90: 5320 7363 656e 6172 696f 730a 2a20 456d S scenarios.* Em\n-0000bfa0: 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 bedded configura\n-0000bfb0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tion:: \n-0000bfc0: 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 Embedding a conf\n-0000bfd0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n-0000bfe0: 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nto GRUB....File\n-0000bff0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0000c000: 6465 3a20 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 de: Simple confi\n-0000c010: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a guration, Next:\n-0000c020: 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 Root Identifcat\n-0000c030: 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 2c20 ion Heuristics, \n-0000c040: 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 Up: Configurati\n-0000c050: 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3120 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 on..6.1 Simple c\n-0000c060: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2068 616e onfiguration han\n-0000c070: 646c 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d dling.==========\n+0000bdc0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 7320 ******..GRUB is \n+0000bdd0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2075 7369 6e67 configured using\n+0000bde0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c ...grub.cfg...,\n+0000bdf0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6f63 6174 6564 usually located\n+0000be00: 2075 6e64 6572 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f under .../boot/\n+0000be10: 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a54 6869 7320 6669 grub.....This fi\n+0000be20: 6c65 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 666c 6578 le is quite flex\n+0000be30: 6962 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6d6f 7374 2075 ible, but most u\n+0000be40: 7365 7273 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6e65 sers will not ne\n+0000be50: 6564 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 7468 650a ed to write the.\n+0000be60: 7768 6f6c 6520 7468 696e 6720 6279 2068 whole thing by h\n+0000be70: 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a and...* Menu:..*\n+0000be80: 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple configur\n+0000be90: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ation:: \n+0000bea0: 2020 2052 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2066 Recommended f\n+0000beb0: 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7573 6572 730a 2a20 or most users.* \n+0000bec0: 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 Root Identifcati\n+0000bed0: 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 733a 3a20 on Heuristics:: \n+0000bee0: 2020 5375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f6e 2068 6f77 Summary on how\n+0000bef0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 the root file s\n+0000bf00: 7973 7465 6d20 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6966 ystem is identif\n+0000bf10: 6965 642e 0a2a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b ied..* Shell-lik\n+0000bf20: 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a20 2020 e scripting:: \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2070 6f77 For pow\n+0000bf40: 6572 2075 7365 7273 2061 6e64 2064 6576 er users and dev\n+0000bf50: 656c 6f70 6572 730a 2a20 4d75 6c74 692d elopers.* Multi-\n+0000bf60: 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 boot manual conf\n+0000bf70: 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f 7220 ig:: For \n+0000bf80: 6e6f 6e2d 7374 616e 6461 7264 206d 756c non-standard mul\n+0000bf90: 7469 2d4f 5320 7363 656e 6172 696f 730a ti-OS scenarios.\n+0000bfa0: 2a20 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 * Embedded confi\n+0000bfb0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 guration:: \n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 Embedding a \n+0000bfd0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+0000bfe0: 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a0a 1f0a le into GRUB....\n+0000bff0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0000c000: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 Node: Simple c\n+0000c010: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e onfiguration, N\n+0000c020: 6578 743a 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 ext: Root Identi\n+0000c030: 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 fcation Heuristi\n+0000c040: 6373 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 cs, Up: Configu\n+0000c050: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3120 5369 6d70 ration..6.1 Simp\n+0000c060: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n+0000c070: 2068 616e 646c 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d handling.======\n 0000c080: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n-0000c0a0: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 gram ...grub-mkc\n-0000c0b0: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 onfig... (*note \n-0000c0c0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-0000c0d0: 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2920 6765 6e65 7261 config::) genera\n-0000c0e0: 7465 730a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 tes....grub.cfg.\n-0000c0f0: 8099 2066 696c 6573 2073 7569 7461 626c .. files suitabl\n-0000c100: 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 e for most cases\n-0000c110: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 7569 7461 626c . It is suitabl\n-0000c120: 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7768 656e 0a75 e for use when.u\n-0000c130: 7067 7261 6469 6e67 2061 2064 6973 7472 pgrading a distr\n-0000c140: 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2077 696c ibution, and wil\n-0000c150: 6c20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 2061 7661 696c l discover avail\n-0000c160: 6162 6c65 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2061 6e64 able kernels and\n-0000c170: 0a61 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 .attempt to gene\n-0000c180: 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 rate menu entrie\n-0000c190: 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 s for them... \n-0000c1a0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n-0000c1b0: e280 9920 646f 6573 2068 6176 6520 736f ... does have so\n-0000c1c0: 6d65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 me limitations. \n-0000c1d0: 2057 6869 6c65 2061 6464 696e 6720 6578 While adding ex\n-0000c1e0: 7472 610a 6375 7374 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 tra.custom menu \n-0000c1f0: 656e 7472 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 entries to the e\n-0000c200: 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 7374 2063 nd of the list c\n-0000c210: 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2062 7920 6564 an be done by ed\n-0000c220: 6974 696e 670a e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 iting..../etc/gr\n-0000c230: 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d e280 ub.d/40_custom..\n-0000c240: 9920 6f72 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 e280 . or creating ..\n-0000c250: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6375 7374 ./boot/grub/cust\n-0000c260: 6f6d 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2063 6861 6e67 om.cfg..., chang\n-0000c270: 696e 670a 7468 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 ing.the order of\n-0000c280: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f72 menu entries or\n-0000c290: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6569 7220 changing their \n-0000c2a0: 7469 746c 6573 206d 6179 2072 6571 7569 titles may requi\n-0000c2b0: 7265 206d 616b 696e 670a 636f 6d70 6c65 re making.comple\n-0000c2c0: 7820 6368 616e 6765 7320 746f 2073 6865 x changes to she\n-0000c2d0: 6c6c 2073 6372 6970 7473 2073 746f 7265 ll scripts store\n-0000c2e0: 6420 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 d in .../etc/gru\n-0000c2f0: 622e 642f e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d b.d/.... This m\n-0000c300: 6179 2062 650a 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2069 ay be.improved i\n-0000c310: 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e20 2049 n the future. I\n-0000c320: 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 616e 7469 6d65 2c20 n the meantime, \n-0000c330: 7468 6f73 6520 7768 6f20 6665 656c 2074 those who feel t\n-0000c340: 6861 7420 6974 2077 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 hat it would.be \n-0000c350: 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 easier to write \n-0000c360: e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2064 ...grub.cfg... d\n-0000c370: 6972 6563 746c 7920 6172 6520 656e 636f irectly are enco\n-0000c380: 7572 6167 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2073 6f20 uraged to do so \n-0000c390: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a (*note.Booting::\n-0000c3a0: 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c , and *note Shel\n-0000c3b0: 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l-like scripting\n-0000c3c0: 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 6469 7361 ::), and to disa\n-0000c3d0: 626c 6520 616e 7920 7379 7374 656d 0a70 ble any system.p\n-0000c3e0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 6972 rovided by their\n-0000c3f0: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 746f distribution to\n-0000c400: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 automatically r\n-0000c410: 756e 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e un ...grub-mkcon\n-0000c420: 6669 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 fig...... The \n-0000c430: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 file .../etc/def\n-0000c440: 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e ault/grub... con\n-0000c450: 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 trols the operat\n-0000c460: 696f 6e20 6f66 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ion of....grub-m\n-0000c470: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 kconfig.... It \n-0000c480: 6973 2073 6f75 7263 6564 2062 7920 6120 is sourced by a \n-0000c490: 7368 656c 6c20 7363 7269 7074 2c20 616e shell script, an\n-0000c4a0: 6420 736f 206d 7573 7420 6265 2076 616c d so must be val\n-0000c4b0: 6964 0a50 4f53 4958 2073 6865 6c6c 2069 id.POSIX shell i\n-0000c4c0: 6e70 7574 3b20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 nput; normally, \n-0000c4d0: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6a75 7374 2062 6520 it will just be \n-0000c4e0: 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 e280 a sequence of ..\n-0000c4f0: 984b 4559 3d76 616c 7565 e280 990a 6c69 .KEY=value....li\n-0000c500: 6e65 732c 2062 7574 2069 6620 7468 6520 nes, but if the \n-0000c510: 7661 6c75 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2073 value contains s\n-0000c520: 7061 6365 7320 6f72 206f 7468 6572 2073 paces or other s\n-0000c530: 7065 6369 616c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 pecial character\n-0000c540: 7320 7468 656e 0a69 7420 6d75 7374 2062 s then.it must b\n-0000c550: 6520 7175 6f74 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 e quoted. For e\n-0000c560: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 xample:.. GR\n-0000c570: 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 UB_TERMINAL_INPU\n-0000c580: 543d 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 6572 6961 T=\"console seria\n-0000c590: 6c22 0a0a 2020 2056 616c 6964 206b 6579 l\".. Valid key\n-0000c5a0: 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 s in .../etc/def\n-0000c5b0: 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2061 7265 ault/grub... are\n-0000c5c0: 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a e280 as follows:....\n-0000c5d0: 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 .GRUB_DEFAULT...\n-0000c5e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c . The defaul\n-0000c5f0: 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2054 t menu entry. T\n-0000c600: 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 206e 756d his may be a num\n-0000c610: 6265 722c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 ber, in which ca\n-0000c620: 7365 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 se it. ident\n-0000c630: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 4e74 6820 656e ifies the Nth en\n-0000c640: 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 try in the gener\n-0000c650: 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 636f 756e 7465 ated menu counte\n-0000c660: 6420 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 0a20 2020 d from zero,. \n-0000c670: 2020 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f or the title o\n-0000c680: 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 f a menu entry, \n-0000c690: 6f72 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2073 or the special s\n-0000c6a0: 7472 696e 6720 e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 tring ...saved..\n-0000c6b0: 992e 2020 5573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 .. Using. t\n-0000c6c0: 6865 2069 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 he id may be use\n-0000c6d0: 6675 6c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 ful if you want \n-0000c6e0: 746f 2073 6574 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e to set a menu en\n-0000c6f0: 7472 7920 6173 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 try as the defau\n-0000c700: 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 6576 656e 2074 686f lt. even tho\n-0000c710: 7567 6820 7468 6572 6520 6d61 7920 6265 ugh there may be\n-0000c720: 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e75 6d62 a variable numb\n-0000c730: 6572 206f 6620 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 er of entries be\n-0000c740: 666f 7265 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 fore it... F\n-0000c750: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 or example, if y\n-0000c760: 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 206d ou have:.. m\n-0000c770: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c enuentry 'Exampl\n-0000c780: 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 e GNU/Linux dist\n-0000c790: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 ribution' --clas\n-0000c7a0: 7320 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 s gnu-linux --id\n-0000c7b0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e example-gnu-lin\n-0000c7c0: 7578 207b 0a20 2020 2020 092e 2e2e 0a20 ux {. ..... \n-0000c7d0: 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e }.. then\n-0000c7e0: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 7468 you can make th\n-0000c7f0: 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2075 is the default u\n-0000c800: 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sing:.. \n-0000c810: 2047 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d 6578 GRUB_DEFAULT=ex\n-0000c820: 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 780a ample-gnu-linux.\n-0000c830: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6576 696f 7573 6c79 . Previously\n-0000c840: 2069 7420 7761 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 it was document\n-0000c850: 6564 2074 6865 2077 6179 2074 6f20 7573 ed the way to us\n-0000c860: 6520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 652e 2020 e entry title. \n-0000c870: 5768 696c 650a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 While. this \n-0000c880: 7374 696c 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6974 2773 still works it's\n-0000c890: 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 not recommended\n-0000c8a0: 2073 696e 6365 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 since titles of\n-0000c8b0: 7465 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e0a 2020 2020 ten contain. \n-0000c8c0: 2075 6e73 7461 626c 6520 6465 7669 6365 unstable device\n-0000c8d0: 206e 616d 6573 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 names and may b\n-0000c8e0: 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 0a0a 2020 e translated.. \n-0000c8f0: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 If you set th\n-0000c900: 6973 2074 6f20 e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 is to ...saved..\n-0000c910: 992c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6465 6661 ., then the defa\n-0000c920: 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2077 ult menu entry w\n-0000c930: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 ill be. that\n-0000c940: 2073 6176 6564 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 saved by ...GRU\n-0000c950: 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 B_SAVEDEFAULT...\n-0000c960: 206f 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d or ...grub-set-\n-0000c970: 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 default.... Thi\n-0000c980: 730a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e s. relies on\n-0000c990: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n-0000c9a0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 block, which ma\n-0000c9b0: 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 y not be availab\n-0000c9c0: 6c65 2069 6e20 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 le in all. s\n-0000c9d0: 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 ituations (*note\n-0000c9e0: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f Environment blo\n-0000c9f0: 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ck::)... The\n-0000ca00: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9830 default is ...0\n-0000ca10: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 .........GRUB_SA\n-0000ca20: 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 VEDEFAULT.... \n-0000ca30: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e If this option\n-0000ca40: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 is set to ...tr\n-0000ca50: 7565 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e2c 2077 6865 ue..., then, whe\n-0000ca60: 6e20 616e 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7365 n an entry is se\n-0000ca70: 6c65 6374 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6176 lected,. sav\n-0000ca80: 6520 6974 2061 7320 6120 6e65 7720 6465 e it as a new de\n-0000ca90: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 fault entry for \n-0000caa0: 7573 6520 6279 2066 7574 7572 6520 7275 use by future ru\n-0000cab0: 6e73 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6973 ns of GRUB. This\n-0000cac0: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 . is only us\n-0000cad0: 6566 756c 2069 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f eful if ...GRUB_\n-0000cae0: 4445 4641 554c 543d 7361 7665 64e2 8099 DEFAULT=saved...\n-0000caf0: 3b20 6974 2069 7320 6120 7365 7061 7261 ; it is a separa\n-0000cb00: 7465 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 te option. b\n-0000cb10: 6563 6175 7365 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 ecause ...GRUB_D\n-0000cb20: 4546 4155 4c54 3d73 6176 6564 e280 9920 EFAULT=saved... \n-0000cb30: 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7769 7468 6f75 is useful withou\n-0000cb40: 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 t this option, i\n-0000cb50: 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 n. conjuncti\n-0000cb60: 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d on with ...grub-\n-0000cb70: 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 set-default.... \n-0000cb80: 2055 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c Unset by defaul\n-0000cb90: 742e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 t. This. op\n-0000cba0: 7469 6f6e 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 tion relies on t\n-0000cbb0: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n-0000cbc0: 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 lock, which may \n-0000cbd0: 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 not be available\n-0000cbe0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 6c6c 2073 6974 . in all sit\n-0000cbf0: 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 uations (*note E\n-0000cc00: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n-0000cc10: 3a3a 292e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 ::)......GRUB_TI\n-0000cc20: 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 426f MEOUT.... Bo\n-0000cc30: 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 ot the default e\n-0000cc40: 6e74 7279 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 ntry this many s\n-0000cc50: 6563 6f6e 6473 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 econds after the\n-0000cc60: 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 menu is. di\n-0000cc70: 7370 6c61 7965 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 splayed, unless \n-0000cc80: 6120 6b65 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 a key is pressed\n-0000cc90: 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 . The default i\n-0000cca0: 7320 e280 9835 e280 992e 2020 5365 7420 s ...5.... Set \n-0000ccb0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9830 e280 9920 to. ...0... \n-0000ccc0: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6d65 6469 6174 to boot immediat\n-0000ccd0: 656c 7920 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 ely without disp\n-0000cce0: 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c laying the menu,\n-0000ccf0: 206f 7220 746f 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 or to ...-1... \n-0000cd00: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7761 6974 2069 6e64 to. wait ind\n-0000cd10: 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 efinitely... \n-0000cd20: 2049 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 If ...GRUB_TIME\n-0000cd30: 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2069 7320 OUT_STYLE... is \n-0000cd40: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 set to ...countd\n-0000cd50: 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 own... or ...hid\n-0000cd60: 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 den..., the. \n-0000cd70: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 timeout is inst\n-0000cd80: 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f ead counted befo\n-0000cd90: 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 re the menu is d\n-0000cda0: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 isplayed......GR\n-0000cdb0: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 UB_TIMEOUT_STYLE\n-0000cdc0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 .... If this\n-0000cdd0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 option is unset\n-0000cde0: 206f 7220 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 or set to ...me\n-0000cdf0: 6e75 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 nu..., then GRUB\n-0000ce00: 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 790a 2020 will display. \n-0000ce10: 2020 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 the menu and \n-0000ce20: 7468 656e 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 then wait for th\n-0000ce30: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 e timeout set by\n-0000ce40: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n-0000ce50: e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 ... to. expi\n-0000ce60: 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e re before bootin\n-0000ce70: 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e g the default en\n-0000ce80: 7472 792e 2020 5072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 try. Pressing a\n-0000ce90: 206b 6579 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 730a key interrupts.\n-0000cea0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 the timeout\n-0000ceb0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 ... If this \n-0000cec0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f option is set to\n-0000ced0: 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 ...countdown...\n-0000cee0: 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 or ...hidden...\n-0000cef0: 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 6265 666f 7265 0a20 , then, before. \n-0000cf00: 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 displaying t\n-0000cf10: 6865 206d 656e 752c 2047 5255 4220 7769 he menu, GRUB wi\n-0000cf20: 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 ll wait for the \n-0000cf30: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 0a20 timeout set by. \n-0000cf40: 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 ...GRUB_TIME\n-0000cf50: 4f55 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 6578 7069 7265 OUT... to expire\n-0000cf60: 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 5343 3e20 6f72 203c . If or <\n-0000cf70: 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 6573 7365 642c F4> are pressed,\n-0000cf80: 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e0a 2020 2020 or . \n-0000cf90: 2069 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e20 6475 is held down du\n-0000cfa0: 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 ring that time, \n-0000cfb0: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 it will display \n-0000cfc0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 the menu and wai\n-0000cfd0: 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 t. for input\n-0000cfe0: 2e20 2049 6620 6120 686f 746b 6579 2061 . If a hotkey a\n-0000cff0: 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 ssociated with a\n-0000d000: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 menu entry is p\n-0000d010: 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 ressed, it. \n-0000d020: 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6173 will boot the as\n-0000d030: 736f 6369 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e sociated menu en\n-0000d040: 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e try immediately.\n-0000d050: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 If the timeout\n-0000d060: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 7320 6265 . expires be\n-0000d070: 666f 7265 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 fore either of t\n-0000d080: 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6974 hese happens, it\n-0000d090: 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 will boot the d\n-0000d0a0: 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 efault. entr\n-0000d0b0: 792e 2020 496e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f y. In the ...co\n-0000d0c0: 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2063 6173 652c untdown... case,\n-0000d0d0: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2073 686f 7720 6120 it will show a \n-0000d0e0: 6f6e 652d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e64 6963 6174 one-line indicat\n-0000d0f0: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 ion. of the \n-0000d100: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2e0a remaining time..\n-0000d110: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 ....GRUB_DEFAULT\n-0000d120: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 _BUTTON.......GR\n-0000d130: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f UB_TIMEOUT_BUTTO\n-0000d140: 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d N.......GRUB_TIM\n-0000d150: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f EOUT_STYLE_BUTTO\n-0000d160: 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 N.......GRUB_BUT\n-0000d170: 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 TON_CMOS_ADDRESS\n-0000d180: e280 990a 2020 2020 2056 6172 6961 6e74 .... Variant\n-0000d190: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 s of the corresp\n-0000d1a0: 6f6e 6469 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onding variables\n-0000d1b0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 without the ...\n-0000d1c0: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _BUTTON.... \n-0000d1d0: 7375 6666 6978 2c20 7573 6564 2074 6f20 suffix, used to \n-0000d1e0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 support vendor-s\n-0000d1f0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 706f 7765 7220 6275 pecific power bu\n-0000d200: 7474 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 ttons. *Note. \n-0000d210: 2020 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d Vendor power-\n-0000d220: 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 on keys::......G\n-0000d230: 5255 425f 4449 5354 5249 4255 544f 52e2 RUB_DISTRIBUTOR.\n-0000d240: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6279 2064 ... Set by d\n-0000d250: 6973 7472 6962 7574 6f72 7320 6f66 2047 istributors of G\n-0000d260: 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 6972 2069 6465 RUB to their ide\n-0000d270: 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 206e 616d 652e 2020 ntifying name. \n-0000d280: 5468 6973 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 This is. use\n-0000d290: 6420 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d6f d to generate mo\n-0000d2a0: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d re informative m\n-0000d2b0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 6573 enu entry titles\n-0000d2c0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 ......GRUB_TERMI\n-0000d2d0: 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 NAL_INPUT.... \n-0000d2e0: 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 Select the ter\n-0000d2f0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6465 7669 minal input devi\n-0000d300: 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2073 656c ce. You may sel\n-0000d310: 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2064 6576 ect multiple dev\n-0000d320: 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6865 7265 2c20 ices. here, \n-0000d330: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 separated by spa\n-0000d340: 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 616c 6964 ces... Valid\n-0000d350: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 terminal input \n-0000d360: 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 names depend on \n-0000d370: 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 the platform, bu\n-0000d380: 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 t may include. \n-0000d390: 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 ...console...\n-0000d3a0: 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 (native platfor\n-0000d3b0: 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 m console), ...s\n-0000d3c0: 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c erial... (serial\n-0000d3d0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 terminal),. \n-0000d3e0: 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 ...serial_... (serial ter\n-0000d400: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 minal with expli\n-0000d410: 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 cit port selecti\n-0000d420: 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 745f on),. ...at_\n-0000d430: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2850 4320 keyboard... (PC \n-0000d440: 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6429 2c20 6f72 AT keyboard), or\n-0000d450: 20e2 8098 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 ...usb_keyboard\n-0000d460: e280 9920 2855 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 ... (USB keyboar\n-0000d470: 640a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 d. using the\n-0000d480: 2048 4944 2042 6f6f 7420 5072 6f74 6f63 HID Boot Protoc\n-0000d490: 6f6c 2c20 666f 7220 6361 7365 7320 7768 ol, for cases wh\n-0000d4a0: 6572 6520 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 ere the firmware\n-0000d4b0: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2068 does not. h\n-0000d4c0: 616e 646c 6520 7468 6973 292e 0a0a 2020 andle this)... \n-0000d4d0: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n-0000d4e0: 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 s to use the pla\n-0000d4f0: 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 tform's native t\n-0000d500: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 742e 0a0a erminal input...\n-0000d510: e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c ...GRUB_TERMINAL\n-0000d520: 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _OUTPUT.... \n-0000d530: 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 Select the termi\n-0000d540: 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2064 6576 6963 nal output devic\n-0000d550: 652e 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 e. You may sele\n-0000d560: 6374 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6465 7669 ct multiple devi\n-0000d570: 6365 730a 2020 2020 2068 6572 652c 2073 ces. here, s\n-0000d580: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 eparated by spac\n-0000d590: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5661 6c69 6420 es... Valid \n-0000d5a0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 7420 terminal output \n-0000d5b0: 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 names depend on \n-0000d5c0: 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 the platform, bu\n-0000d5d0: 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 t may include. \n-0000d5e0: 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 ...console...\n-0000d5f0: 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 (native platfor\n-0000d600: 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 m console), ...s\n-0000d610: 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c erial... (serial\n-0000d620: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 terminal),. \n-0000d630: 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 ...serial_... (serial ter\n-0000d650: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 minal with expli\n-0000d660: 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 cit port selecti\n-0000d670: 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 on),. ...gfx\n-0000d680: 7465 726d e280 9920 2867 7261 7068 6963 term... (graphic\n-0000d690: 732d 6d6f 6465 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c20 s-mode output), \n-0000d6a0: e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2028 ...vga_text... (\n-0000d6b0: 5647 4120 7465 7874 206f 7574 7075 7429 VGA text output)\n-0000d6c0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 ,. ...mda_te\n-0000d6d0: 7874 e280 9920 284d 4441 2074 6578 7420 xt... (MDA text \n-0000d6e0: 6f75 7470 7574 292c 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 output), ...mors\n-0000d6f0: 65e2 8099 2028 4d6f 7273 652d 636f 6469 e... (Morse-codi\n-0000d700: 6e67 2075 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a ng using system.\n-0000d710: 2020 2020 2062 6565 7065 7229 206f 7220 beeper) or \n-0000d720: e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2028 ...spkmodem... (\n-0000d730: 7369 6d70 6c65 2064 6174 6120 7072 6f74 simple data prot\n-0000d740: 6f63 6f6c 2075 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 ocol using syste\n-0000d750: 6d20 7370 6561 6b65 7229 2e0a 0a20 2020 m speaker)... \n-0000d760: 2020 e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 ...spkmodem...\n-0000d770: 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 is useful when \n-0000d780: 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 no serial port i\n-0000d790: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 436f s available. Co\n-0000d7a0: 6e6e 6563 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f nnect the. o\n-0000d7b0: 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2073 656e 6469 6e67 utput of sending\n-0000d7c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2877 6865 7265 2047 system (where G\n-0000d7d0: 5255 4220 6973 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2920 RUB is running) \n-0000d7e0: 746f 206c 696e 652d 696e 206f 660a 2020 to line-in of. \n-0000d7f0: 2020 2072 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 receiving sys\n-0000d800: 7465 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2064 6576 tem (usually dev\n-0000d810: 656c 6f70 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 292e eloper machine).\n-0000d820: 2020 4f6e 2072 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 On receiving s\n-0000d830: 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 ystem. compi\n-0000d840: 6c65 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 le ...spkmodem-r\n-0000d850: 6563 76e2 8099 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9875 ecv... from ...u\n-0000d860: 7469 6c2f 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 til/spkmodem-rec\n-0000d870: 762e 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 756e 3a0a v.c... and run:.\n-0000d880: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 6563 . parec\n-0000d890: 6f72 6420 2d2d 6368 616e 6e65 6c73 3d31 ord --channels=1\n-0000d8a0: 202d 2d72 6174 653d 3438 3030 3020 2d2d --rate=48000 --\n-0000d8b0: 666f 726d 6174 3d73 3136 6c65 207c 202e format=s16le | .\n-0000d8c0: 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 0a0a /spkmodem-recv..\n-0000d8d0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 The default\n-0000d8e0: 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 is to use the p\n-0000d8f0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 latform's native\n-0000d900: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 terminal output\n-0000d910: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 ......GRUB_TERMI\n-0000d920: 4e41 4ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 NAL.... 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Comm\n-0000da60: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e and-line argumen\n-0000da70: 7473 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 206d 656e ts to add to men\n-0000da80: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 u entries for th\n-0000da90: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a e Linux kernel..\n-0000daa0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 ....GRUB_CMDLINE\n-0000dab0: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 _LINUX_DEFAULT..\n-0000dac0: 990a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 .. 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As. \n-0000e150: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c ...GRUB_TOP_L\n-0000e160: 4556 454c e280 992c 2069 6620 7072 6f76 EVEL..., if prov\n-0000e170: 6964 6564 2c20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 ided, the image \n-0000e180: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 specified will b\n-0000e190: 6520 6d61 6465 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e made the. \n-0000e1a0: 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6c20 656e 7472 7920 top-level entry \n-0000e1b0: 6966 2069 7420 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 if it is found i\n-0000e1c0: 6e20 7468 6520 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 n the scan......\n-0000e1d0: 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 GRUB_EARLY_INITR\n-0000e1e0: 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 5354 4f4d e280 D_LINUX_CUSTOM..\n-0000e1f0: 990a e280 9847 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f .....GRUB_EARLY_\n-0000e200: 494e 4954 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 5f53 544f INITRD_LINUX_STO\n-0000e210: 434b e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 CK.... List \n-0000e220: 6f66 2073 7061 6365 2d73 6570 6172 6174 of space-separat\n-0000e230: 6564 2065 6172 6c79 2069 6e69 7472 6420 ed early initrd \n-0000e240: 696d 6167 6573 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 images to be loa\n-0000e250: 6465 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ded from. ..\n-0000e260: 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 ./boot.... This\n-0000e270: 2069 7320 666f 7220 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 is for loading \n-0000e280: 7468 696e 6773 206c 696b 6520 4350 5520 things like CPU \n-0000e290: 6d69 6372 6f63 6f64 652c 2066 6972 6d77 microcode, firmw\n-0000e2a0: 6172 652c 0a20 2020 2020 4143 5049 2074 are,. ACPI t\n-0000e2b0: 6162 6c65 732c 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6b65 ables, crypto ke\n-0000e2c0: 7973 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 ys, and so on. \n-0000e2d0: 5468 6573 6520 6561 726c 7920 696d 6167 These early imag\n-0000e2e0: 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 es will be. \n-0000e2f0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f72 loaded in the or\n-0000e300: 6465 7220 6465 636c 6172 6564 2c20 616e der declared, an\n-0000e310: 6420 616c 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f d all will be lo\n-0000e320: 6164 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a aded before the.\n-0000e330: 2020 2020 2061 6374 7561 6c20 6675 6e63 actual func\n-0000e340: 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d tional initrd im\n-0000e350: 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 age... ...GR\n-0000e360: 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f UB_EARLY_INITRD_\n-0000e370: 4c49 4e55 585f 5354 4f43 4be2 8099 2069 LINUX_STOCK... i\n-0000e380: 7320 666f 7220 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 s for your distr\n-0000e390: 6962 7574 696f 6e20 746f 2064 6563 6c61 ibution to decla\n-0000e3a0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6573 2074 re. images t\n-0000e3b0: 6861 7420 6172 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 hat are provided\n-0000e3c0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 6469 7374 7269 6275 by the distribu\n-0000e3d0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 tion. 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If you \n-0000f480: 6861 7665 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 0a20 have problems,. \n-0000f490: 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 set this opt\n-0000f4a0: 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 ion to ...text..\n-0000f4b0: 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 . and GRUB will \n-0000f4c0: 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 626f tell Linux to bo\n-0000f4d0: 6f74 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 ot in. norma\n-0000f4e0: 6c20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a e280 l text mode.....\n-0000f4f0: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4f53 .GRUB_DISABLE_OS\n-0000f500: 5f50 524f 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _PROBER.... \n-0000f510: 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f The ...grub-mkco\n-0000f520: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6861 7320 6120 6665 nfig... has a fe\n-0000f530: 6174 7572 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 ature to use the\n-0000f540: 2065 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 e280 986f 732d external ...os-\n-0000f550: 7072 6f62 6572 e280 990a 2020 2020 2070 prober.... p\n-0000f560: 726f 6772 616d 2074 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 rogram to discov\n-0000f570: 6572 206f 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 er other operati\n-0000f580: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2069 6e73 7461 ng systems insta\n-0000f590: 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 lled on the same\n-0000f5a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e 6520 616e . machine an\n-0000f5b0: 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 7070 726f d generate appro\n-0000f5c0: 7072 6961 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 priate menu entr\n-0000f5d0: 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d 2e20 2049 ies for them. I\n-0000f5e0: 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c t is. disabl\n-0000f5f0: 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 7369 ed by default si\n-0000f600: 6e63 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e nce automatic an\n-0000f610: 6420 7369 6c65 6e74 2065 7865 6375 7469 d silent executi\n-0000f620: 6f6e 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6f73 on of. ...os\n-0000f630: 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 -prober..., and \n-0000f640: 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 656e creating boot en\n-0000f650: 7472 6965 7320 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 tries based on t\n-0000f660: 6861 7420 6461 7461 2c20 6973 2061 0a20 hat data, is a. \n-0000f670: 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6174 potential at\n-0000f680: 7461 636b 2076 6563 746f 722e 2020 5365 tack vector. Se\n-0000f690: 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f t this option to\n-0000f6a0: 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 ...false... to \n-0000f6b0: 656e 6162 6c65 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 enable this. \n-0000f6c0: 2066 6561 7475 7265 2069 6e20 7468 6520 feature in the \n-0000f6d0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n-0000f6e0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a e280 ... command.....\n-0000f6f0: 9847 5255 425f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 525f .GRUB_OS_PROBER_\n-0000f700: 534b 4950 5f4c 4953 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 SKIP_LIST.... \n-0000f710: 2020 4c69 7374 206f 6620 7370 6163 652d List of space-\n-0000f720: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 4653 2055 5549 separated FS UUI\n-0000f730: 4473 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Ds of filesystem\n-0000f740: 7320 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 s to be ignored \n-0000f750: 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 6f73 2d70 726f from. os-pro\n-0000f760: 6265 7220 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2046 6f72 ber output. For\n-0000f770: 2065 6669 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 efi chainloader\n-0000f780: 7320 6974 2773 203c 5555 4944 3e40 3c45 s it's @.....GRU\n-0000f7a0: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5355 424d 454e B_DISABLE_SUBMEN\n-0000f7b0: 55e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 726d 616c U.... Normal\n-0000f7c0: 6c79 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f ly, ...grub-mkco\n-0000f7d0: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2067 656e nfig... will gen\n-0000f7e0: 6572 6174 6520 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 erate top level \n-0000f7f0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 0a20 menu entry for. \n-0000f800: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 the kernel w\n-0000f810: 6974 6820 6869 6768 6573 7420 7665 7273 ith highest vers\n-0000f820: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 2070 ion number and p\n-0000f830: 7574 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2066 6f75 ut all other fou\n-0000f840: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 nd. kernels \n-0000f850: 6f72 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 206d or alternative m\n-0000f860: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 enu entries for \n-0000f870: 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 6520 696e recovery mode in\n-0000f880: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 submenu.. F\n-0000f890: 6f72 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2072 6574 7572 or entries retur\n-0000f8a0: 6e65 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f ned by ...os-pro\n-0000f8b0: 6265 72e2 8099 2066 6972 7374 2065 6e74 ber... first ent\n-0000f8c0: 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 7574 206f ry will be put o\n-0000f8d0: 6e20 746f 700a 2020 2020 206c 6576 656c n top. level\n-0000f8e0: 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 7320 and all others \n-0000f8f0: 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 in submenu. If \n-0000f900: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 this option is s\n-0000f910: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 et to ...true...\n-0000f920: 2c0a 2020 2020 2066 6c61 7420 6d65 6e75 ,. flat menu\n-0000f930: 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 656e 7472 6965 with all entrie\n-0000f940: 7320 6f6e 2074 6f70 206c 6576 656c 2077 s on top level w\n-0000f950: 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 ill be generated\n-0000f960: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 instead.. C\n-0000f970: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 hanging this opt\n-0000f980: 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 7265 ion will require\n-0000f990: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 6578 6973 7469 changing existi\n-0000f9a0: 6e67 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 ng values of. \n-0000f9b0: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c ...GRUB_DEFAUL\n-0000f9c0: 54e2 8099 2c20 e280 9866 616c 6c62 6163 T..., ...fallbac\n-0000f9d0: 6be2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6661 6c6c k... (*note fall\n-0000f9e0: 6261 636b 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 e280 9864 back::) and ...d\n-0000f9f0: 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 efault... (*note\n-0000fa00: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 743a 3a29 . default::)\n-0000fa10: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0000fa20: 6961 626c 6573 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 iables as well a\n-0000fa30: 7320 7361 7665 6420 6465 6661 756c 7420 s saved default \n-0000fa40: 656e 7472 790a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 entry. using\n-0000fa50: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 ...grub-set-def\n-0000fa60: 6175 6c74 e280 9920 616e 6420 7661 6c75 ault... and valu\n-0000fa70: 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 e used with ...g\n-0000fa80: 7275 622d 7265 626f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a rub-reboot......\n-0000fa90: e280 9847 5255 425f 454e 4142 4c45 5f43 ...GRUB_ENABLE_C\n-0000faa0: 5259 5054 4f44 4953 4be2 8099 0a20 2020 RYPTODISK.... \n-0000fab0: 2020 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 If set to ...y\n-0000fac0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 ..., ...grub-mkc\n-0000fad0: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 onfig... and ...\n-0000fae0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n-0000faf0: 7769 6c6c 2063 6865 636b 2066 6f72 0a20 will check for. \n-0000fb00: 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 encrypted di\n-0000fb10: 736b 7320 616e 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 sks and generate\n-0000fb20: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 636f 6d6d additional comm\n-0000fb30: 616e 6473 206e 6565 6465 6420 746f 2061 ands needed to a\n-0000fb40: 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 ccess. them \n-0000fb50: 6475 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 4e6f during boot. No\n-0000fb60: 7465 2074 6861 7420 696e 2074 6869 7320 te that in this \n-0000fb70: 6361 7365 2075 6e61 7474 656e 6465 6420 case unattended \n-0000fb80: 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 boot is not. \n-0000fb90: 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 6265 6361 7573 possible becaus\n-0000fba0: 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7761 6974 e GRUB will wait\n-0000fbb0: 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 for passphrase \n-0000fbc0: 746f 2075 6e6c 6f63 6b20 656e 6372 7970 to unlock encryp\n-0000fbd0: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e ted. contain\n-0000fbe0: 6572 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f49 4e49 er......GRUB_INI\n-0000fbf0: 545f 5455 4e45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 T_TUNE.... P\n-0000fc00: 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 206f 6e20 7468 lay a tune on th\n-0000fc10: 6520 7370 6561 6b65 7220 7768 656e 2047 e speaker when G\n-0000fc20: 5255 4220 7374 6172 7473 2e20 2054 6869 RUB starts. 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Each\n-0000fdb0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 module will be \n-0000fdc0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7320 6561 726c 7920 loaded as early \n-0000fdd0: 6173 2070 6f73 7369 626c 652c 2061 7420 as possible, at \n-0000fde0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7274 206f the. start o\n-0000fdf0: 6620 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 f ...grub.cfg...\n-0000fe00: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f52 4543 4f52 ......GRUB_RECOR\n-0000fe10: 4446 4149 4c5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 DFAIL_TIMEOUT...\n-0000fe20: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 . If this op\n-0000fe30: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 tion is set, it \n-0000fe40: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 overrides the de\n-0000fe50: 6661 756c 7420 7265 636f 7264 6661 696c fault recordfail\n-0000fe60: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 setting.. A\n-0000fe70: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 206f 6620 2d31 2063 setting of -1 c\n-0000fe80: 6175 7365 7320 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7761 auses GRUB to wa\n-0000fe90: 6974 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 it for user inpu\n-0000fea0: 7420 696e 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a t indefinitely..\n-0000feb0: 2020 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6120 However, a \n-0000fec0: 6661 6c73 6520 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 false positive i\n-0000fed0: 6e20 7468 6520 7265 636f 7264 6661 696c n the recordfail\n-0000fee0: 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 206d 6179 206f mechanism may o\n-0000fef0: 6363 7572 2069 660a 2020 2020 2070 6f77 ccur if. pow\n-0000ff00: 6572 2069 7320 6c6f 7374 2064 7572 696e er is lost durin\n-0000ff10: 6720 626f 6f74 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f g boot before bo\n-0000ff20: 6f74 2073 7563 6365 7373 2069 7320 7265 ot success is re\n-0000ff30: 636f 7264 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 corded in. u\n-0000ff40: 7365 7273 7061 6365 2e20 2054 6865 2064 serspace. 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It is sui\n+0000c120: 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7768 table for use wh\n+0000c130: 656e 0a75 7067 7261 6469 6e67 2061 2064 en.upgrading a d\n+0000c140: 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 istribution, and\n+0000c150: 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 2061 will discover a\n+0000c160: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 vailable kernels\n+0000c170: 2061 6e64 0a61 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 and.attempt to \n+0000c180: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e generate menu en\n+0000c190: 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d 2e0a tries for them..\n+0000c1a0: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f . ...grub-mkco\n+0000c1b0: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 646f 6573 2068 6176 nfig... does hav\n+0000c1c0: 6520 736f 6d65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f e some limitatio\n+0000c1d0: 6e73 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 2061 6464 696e ns. While addin\n+0000c1e0: 6720 6578 7472 610a 6375 7374 6f6d 206d g extra.custom m\n+0000c1f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 746f 2074 enu entries to t\n+0000c200: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 he end of the li\n+0000c210: 7374 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2062 st can be done b\n+0000c220: 7920 6564 6974 696e 670a e280 982f 6574 y editing..../et\n+0000c230: 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 c/grub.d/40_cust\n+0000c240: 6f6d e280 9920 6f72 2063 7265 6174 696e om... or creatin\n+0000c250: 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f g .../boot/grub/\n+0000c260: 6375 7374 6f6d 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2063 custom.cfg..., c\n+0000c270: 6861 6e67 696e 670a 7468 6520 6f72 6465 hanging.the orde\n+0000c280: 7220 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 r of menu entrie\n+0000c290: 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 s or changing th\n+0000c2a0: 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 206d 6179 2072 eir titles may r\n+0000c2b0: 6571 7569 7265 206d 616b 696e 670a 636f equire making.co\n+0000c2c0: 6d70 6c65 7820 6368 616e 6765 7320 746f mplex changes to\n+0000c2d0: 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 6970 7473 2073 shell scripts s\n+0000c2e0: 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 tored in .../etc\n+0000c2f0: 2f67 7275 622e 642f e280 992e 2020 5468 /grub.d/.... 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F\n+0000c560: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 or example:.. \n+0000c570: 2020 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f GRUB_TERMINAL_\n+0000c580: 494e 5055 543d 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 INPUT=\"console s\n+0000c590: 6572 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 2056 616c 6964 erial\".. Valid\n+0000c5a0: 206b 6579 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 keys in .../etc\n+0000c5b0: 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 /default/grub...\n+0000c5c0: 2061 7265 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a are as follows:\n+0000c5d0: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c .....GRUB_DEFAUL\n+0000c5e0: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 T.... The de\n+0000c5f0: 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 fault menu entry\n+0000c600: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 . This may be a\n+0000c610: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 number, in whic\n+0000c620: 6820 6361 7365 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 h case it. i\n+0000c630: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 4e74 dentifies the Nt\n+0000c640: 6820 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 2067 h entry in the g\n+0000c650: 656e 6572 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 636f enerated menu co\n+0000c660: 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c unted from zero,\n+0000c670: 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 . or the tit\n+0000c680: 6c65 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 le of a menu ent\n+0000c690: 7279 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 ry, or the speci\n+0000c6a0: 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 e280 9873 6176 al string ...sav\n+0000c6b0: 6564 e280 992e 2020 5573 696e 670a 2020 ed.... Using. \n+0000c6c0: 2020 2074 6865 2069 6420 6d61 7920 6265 the id may be\n+0000c6d0: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 useful if you w\n+0000c6e0: 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2061 206d 656e ant to set a men\n+0000c6f0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6173 2074 6865 2064 u entry as the d\n+0000c700: 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 6576 656e efault. even\n+0000c710: 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 6572 6520 6d61 though there ma\n+0000c720: 7920 6265 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 y be a variable \n+0000c730: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 7472 6965 number of entrie\n+0000c740: 7320 6265 666f 7265 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 s before it... \n+0000c750: 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 For example, \n+0000c760: 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 2020 if you have:.. \n+0000c770: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 menuentry 'Ex\n+0000c780: 616d 706c 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 ample GNU/Linux \n+0000c790: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d distribution' --\n+0000c7a0: 636c 6173 7320 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 class gnu-linux \n+0000c7b0: 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 --id example-gnu\n+0000c7c0: 2d6c 696e 7578 207b 0a20 2020 2020 092e -linux {. ..\n+0000c7d0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 ... }.. \n+0000c7e0: 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b then you can mak\n+0000c7f0: 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 e this the defau\n+0000c800: 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 lt using:.. \n+0000c810: 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c GRUB_DEFAUL\n+0000c820: 543d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 T=example-gnu-li\n+0000c830: 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6576 696f nux.. 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This. \n+0000cba0: 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2072 656c 6965 7320 option relies \n+0000cbb0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 on the environme\n+0000cbc0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 nt block, which \n+0000cbd0: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c may not be avail\n+0000cbe0: 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 6c6c able. in all\n+0000cbf0: 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f situations (*no\n+0000cc00: 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 te Environment b\n+0000cc10: 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 lock::)......GRU\n+0000cc20: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 B_TIMEOUT.... \n+0000cc30: 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 Boot the defau\n+0000cc40: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6869 7320 6d61 lt entry this ma\n+0000cc50: 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2061 6674 6572 ny seconds after\n+0000cc60: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a20 2020 the menu is. \n+0000cc70: 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642c 2075 6e6c displayed, unl\n+0000cc80: 6573 7320 6120 6b65 7920 6973 2070 7265 ess a key is pre\n+0000cc90: 7373 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 ssed. 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Pressi\n+0000ce90: 6e67 2061 206b 6579 2069 6e74 6572 7275 ng a key interru\n+0000cea0: 7074 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 696d pts. the tim\n+0000ceb0: 656f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 eout... If t\n+0000cec0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n+0000ced0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 t to ...countdow\n+0000cee0: 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 n... or ...hidde\n+0000cef0: 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 6265 666f n..., then, befo\n+0000cf00: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7969 re. displayi\n+0000cf10: 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2047 5255 ng the menu, GRU\n+0000cf20: 4220 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 B will wait for \n+0000cf30: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 the timeout set \n+0000cf40: 6279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f by. ...GRUB_\n+0000cf50: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 6578 TIMEOUT... to ex\n+0000cf60: 7069 7265 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 5343 3e20 pire. 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In the .\n+0000d0c0: 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2063 ..countdown... c\n+0000d0d0: 6173 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2073 686f ase, it will sho\n+0000d0e0: 7720 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e64 w a one-line ind\n+0000d0f0: 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 ication. of \n+0000d100: 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 the remaining ti\n+0000d110: 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 me......GRUB_DEF\n+0000d120: 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 AULT_BUTTON.....\n+0000d130: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_B\n+0000d140: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 UTTON.......GRUB\n+0000d150: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 _TIMEOUT_STYLE_B\n+0000d160: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 UTTON.......GRUB\n+0000d170: 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 _BUTTON_CMOS_ADD\n+0000d180: 5245 5353 e280 990a 2020 2020 2056 6172 RESS.... 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You may\n+0000d310: 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 select multiple\n+0000d320: 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6865 devices. he\n+0000d330: 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 re, separated by\n+0000d340: 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 spaces... V\n+0000d350: 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e alid terminal in\n+0000d360: 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 put names depend\n+0000d370: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d on the platform\n+0000d380: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 , but may includ\n+0000d390: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c e. ...consol\n+0000d3a0: 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 e... (native pla\n+0000d3b0: 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 tform console), \n+0000d3c0: e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 ...serial... 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To di\n+0000e6b0: 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 sable the use of\n+0000e6c0: 2055 5549 4473 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 UUIDs, set this\n+0000e6d0: 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 option. to \n+0000e6e0: e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ...true.........\n+0000e6f0: 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e GRUB_DISABLE_LIN\n+0000e700: 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 0a20 UX_PARTUUID.... \n+0000e710: 2020 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d If ...grub-m\n+0000e720: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e 6e6f kconfig... canno\n+0000e730: 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 t identify the r\n+0000e740: 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2076 oot filesystem v\n+0000e750: 6961 2069 7473 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 ia its. univ\n+0000e760: 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 ersally-unique i\n+0000e770: 6e64 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 5555 4944 ndentifier (UUID\n+0000e780: 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e ), ...grub-mkcon\n+0000e790: 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 fig... can use t\n+0000e7a0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 206f 6620 he. 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D\n+0000f380: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 796f 7572 epending on your\n+0000f390: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 6469 kernel, your di\n+0000f3a0: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 stribution, your\n+0000f3b0: 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2c0a graphics card,.\n+0000f3c0: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6861 and the pha\n+0000f3d0: 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 se of the moon, \n+0000f3e0: 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7573 696e 6720 note that using \n+0000f3f0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 this option may \n+0000f400: 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2f4c cause. GNU/L\n+0000f410: 696e 7578 2074 6f20 7375 6666 6572 2066 inux to suffer f\n+0000f420: 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6469 7370 rom various disp\n+0000f430: 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 lay problems, pa\n+0000f440: 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 rticularly. \n+0000f450: 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6172 6c79 during the early\n+0000f460: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f part of the boo\n+0000f470: 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 2049 6620 t sequence. If \n+0000f480: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 726f 626c 656d you have problem\n+0000f490: 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 s,. set this\n+0000f4a0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 7465 option to ...te\n+0000f4b0: 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 xt... and GRUB w\n+0000f4c0: 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 ill tell Linux t\n+0000f4d0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 206e o boot in. n\n+0000f4e0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e ormal text mode.\n+0000f4f0: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c .....GRUB_DISABL\n+0000f500: 455f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 E_OS_PROBER.... \n+0000f510: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d The ...grub-\n+0000f520: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6861 7320 mkconfig... has \n+0000f530: 6120 6665 6174 7572 6520 746f 2075 7365 a feature to use\n+0000f540: 2074 6865 2065 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 e280 the external ..\n+0000f550: 986f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 e280 990a 2020 .os-prober.... \n+0000f560: 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d 2074 6f20 6469 program to di\n+0000f570: 7363 6f76 6572 206f 7468 6572 206f 7065 scover other ope\n+0000f580: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2069 rating systems i\n+0000f590: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 nstalled on the \n+0000f5a0: 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e same. machin\n+0000f5b0: 6520 616e 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 e and generate a\n+0000f5c0: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 206d 656e 7520 ppropriate menu \n+0000f5d0: 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d entries for them\n+0000f5e0: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 . It is. di\n+0000f5f0: 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c sabled by defaul\n+0000f600: 7420 7369 6e63 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 t since automati\n+0000f610: 6320 616e 6420 7369 6c65 6e74 2065 7865 c and silent exe\n+0000f620: 6375 7469 6f6e 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 cution of. .\n+0000f630: 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2c20 ..os-prober..., \n+0000f640: 616e 6420 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2062 6f6f and creating boo\n+0000f650: 7420 656e 7472 6965 7320 6261 7365 6420 t entries based \n+0000f660: 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6461 7461 2c20 6973 on that data, is\n+0000f670: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 6961 a. potentia\n+0000f680: 6c20 6174 7461 636b 2076 6563 746f 722e l attack vector.\n+0000f690: 2020 5365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f Set this optio\n+0000f6a0: 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 n to ...false...\n+0000f6b0: 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2074 6869 730a to enable this.\n+0000f6c0: 2020 2020 2066 6561 7475 7265 2069 6e20 feature in \n+0000f6d0: 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f the ...grub-mkco\n+0000f6e0: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e nfig... command.\n+0000f6f0: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4f53 5f50 524f .....GRUB_OS_PRO\n+0000f700: 4245 525f 534b 4950 5f4c 4953 54e2 8099 BER_SKIP_LIST...\n+0000f710: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 6620 7370 . List of sp\n+0000f720: 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 4653 ace-separated FS\n+0000f730: 2055 5549 4473 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7379 UUIDs of filesy\n+0000f740: 7374 656d 7320 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f stems to be igno\n+0000f750: 7265 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 6f73 red from. os\n+0000f760: 2d70 726f 6265 7220 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 -prober output. \n+0000f770: 2046 6f72 2065 6669 2063 6861 696e 6c6f For efi chainlo\n+0000f780: 6164 6572 7320 6974 2773 203c 5555 4944 aders it's @....\n+0000f7a0: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5355 .GRUB_DISABLE_SU\n+0000f7b0: 424d 454e 55e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f BMENU.... No\n+0000f7c0: 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d rmally, ...grub-\n+0000f7d0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c mkconfig... will\n+0000f7e0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 746f 7020 6c65 generate top le\n+0000f7f0: 7665 6c20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2066 vel menu entry f\n+0000f800: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 726e or. the kern\n+0000f810: 656c 2077 6974 6820 6869 6768 6573 7420 el with highest \n+0000f820: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 version number a\n+0000f830: 6e64 2070 7574 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 nd put all other\n+0000f840: 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e found. kern\n+0000f850: 656c 7320 6f72 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 els or alternati\n+0000f860: 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 ve menu entries \n+0000f870: 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 for recovery mod\n+0000f880: 6520 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e0a 2020 e in submenu.. \n+0000f890: 2020 2046 6f72 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2072 For entries r\n+0000f8a0: 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6f73 eturned by ...os\n+0000f8b0: 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2066 6972 7374 -prober... first\n+0000f8c0: 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 entry will be p\n+0000f8d0: 7574 206f 6e20 746f 700a 2020 2020 206c ut on top. l\n+0000f8e0: 6576 656c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 evel and all oth\n+0000f8f0: 6572 7320 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 ers in submenu. \n+0000f900: 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If this option \n+0000f910: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 is set to ...tru\n+0000f920: 65e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 2066 6c61 7420 e...,. flat \n+0000f930: 6d65 6e75 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 656e menu with all en\n+0000f940: 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6f70 206c 6576 tries on top lev\n+0000f950: 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 el will be gener\n+0000f960: 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 ated instead.. \n+0000f970: 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6973 Changing this\n+0000f980: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2072 6571 option will req\n+0000f990: 7569 7265 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 6578 uire changing ex\n+0000f9a0: 6973 7469 6e67 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 isting values of\n+0000f9b0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 . ...GRUB_DE\n+0000f9c0: 4641 554c 54e2 8099 2c20 e280 9866 616c FAULT..., ...fal\n+0000f9d0: 6c62 6163 6be2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 lback... (*note \n+0000f9e0: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 fallback::) and \n+0000f9f0: e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 282a ...default... (*\n+0000fa00: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c note. defaul\n+0000fa10: 743a 3a29 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 t::) environment\n+0000fa20: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7320 7765 variables as we\n+0000fa30: 6c6c 2061 7320 7361 7665 6420 6465 6661 ll as saved defa\n+0000fa40: 756c 7420 656e 7472 790a 2020 2020 2075 ult entry. u\n+0000fa50: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6574 sing ...grub-set\n+0000fa60: 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 616e 6420 -default... and \n+0000fa70: 7661 6c75 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 value used with \n+0000fa80: e280 9867 7275 622d 7265 626f 6f74 e280 ...grub-reboot..\n+0000fa90: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 454e 4142 .......GRUB_ENAB\n+0000faa0: 4c45 5f43 5259 5054 4f44 4953 4be2 8099 LE_CRYPTODISK...\n+0000fab0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 . If set to \n+0000fac0: e280 9879 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ...y..., ...grub\n+0000fad0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 -mkconfig... and\n+0000fae0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n+0000faf0: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2063 6865 636b 2066 ... will check f\n+0000fb00: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 or. encrypte\n+0000fb10: 6420 6469 736b 7320 616e 6420 6765 6e65 d disks and gene\n+0000fb20: 7261 7465 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 rate additional \n+0000fb30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206e 6565 6465 6420 commands needed \n+0000fb40: 746f 2061 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 2074 to access. t\n+0000fb50: 6865 6d20 6475 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 742e hem during boot.\n+0000fb60: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 696e 2074 Note that in t\n+0000fb70: 6869 7320 6361 7365 2075 6e61 7474 656e his case unatten\n+0000fb80: 6465 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6e6f 740a ded boot is not.\n+0000fb90: 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 6265 possible be\n+0000fba0: 6361 7573 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 cause GRUB will \n+0000fbb0: 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7370 6872 wait for passphr\n+0000fbc0: 6173 6520 746f 2075 6e6c 6f63 6b20 656e ase to unlock en\n+0000fbd0: 6372 7970 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e crypted. con\n+0000fbe0: 7461 696e 6572 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 tainer......GRUB\n+0000fbf0: 5f49 4e49 545f 5455 4e45 e280 990a 2020 _INIT_TUNE.... \n+0000fc00: 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 206f Play a tune o\n+0000fc10: 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6561 6b65 7220 7768 n the speaker wh\n+0000fc20: 656e 2047 5255 4220 7374 6172 7473 2e20 en GRUB starts. \n+0000fc30: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2070 6172 7469 6375 This is particu\n+0000fc40: 6c61 726c 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 larly. usefu\n+0000fc50: 6c20 666f 7220 7573 6572 7320 756e 6162 l for users unab\n+0000fc60: 6c65 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7468 6520 7363 le to see the sc\n+0000fc70: 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 reen. 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T\n+0000fd60: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 his option may b\n+0000fd70: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 e set to a list \n+0000fd80: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 206e of GRUB module n\n+0000fd90: 616d 6573 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ames separated b\n+0000fda0: 790a 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 732e 2020 y. spaces. \n+0000fdb0: 4561 6368 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7769 6c6c Each module will\n+0000fdc0: 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7320 6561 be loaded as ea\n+0000fdd0: 726c 7920 6173 2070 6f73 7369 626c 652c rly as possible,\n+0000fde0: 2061 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 7461 at the. sta\n+0000fdf0: 7274 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 rt of ...grub.cf\n+0000fe00: 67e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f52 g.........GRUB_R\n+0000fe10: 4543 4f52 4446 4149 4c5f 5449 4d45 4f55 ECORDFAIL_TIMEOU\n+0000fe20: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 T.... If thi\n+0000fe30: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c s option is set,\n+0000fe40: 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 it overrides th\n+0000fe50: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7265 636f 7264 e default record\n+0000fe60: 6661 696c 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2e0a 2020 fail setting.. \n+0000fe70: 2020 2041 2073 6574 7469 6e67 206f 6620 A setting of \n+0000fe80: 2d31 2063 6175 7365 7320 4752 5542 2074 -1 causes GRUB t\n+0000fe90: 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7220 o wait for user \n+0000fea0: 696e 7075 7420 696e 6465 6669 6e69 7465 input indefinite\n+0000feb0: 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 ly.. However\n+0000fec0: 2c20 6120 6661 6c73 6520 706f 7369 7469 , a false positi\n+0000fed0: 7665 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7265 636f 7264 ve in the record\n+0000fee0: 6661 696c 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 206d fail mechanism m\n+0000fef0: 6179 206f 6363 7572 2069 660a 2020 2020 ay occur if. \n+0000ff00: 2070 6f77 6572 2069 7320 6c6f 7374 2064 power is lost d\n+0000ff10: 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2062 6566 6f72 uring boot befor\n+0000ff20: 6520 626f 6f74 2073 7563 6365 7373 2069 e boot success i\n+0000ff30: 7320 7265 636f 7264 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 s recorded in. \n+0000ff40: 2020 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2e20 2054 userspace. T\n+0000ff50: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6574 7469 he default setti\n+0000ff60: 6e67 2069 7320 3330 2c20 7768 6963 6820 ng is 30, which \n+0000ff70: 6361 7573 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 causes GRUB to w\n+0000ff80: 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2075 7365 ait. for use\n+0000ff90: 7220 696e 7075 7420 666f 7220 7468 6972 r input for thir\n+0000ffa0: 7479 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 ty seconds befor\n+0000ffb0: 6520 636f 6e74 696e 7569 6e67 2e20 2054 e continuing. 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The fol\n+00010240: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 lowing options a\n+00010250: 7265 2073 7469 6c6c 2061 6363 6570 7465 re still accepte\n+00010260: 6420 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c d for compatibil\n+00010270: 6974 7920 7769 7468 0a65 7869 7374 696e ity with.existin\n+00010280: 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 g configurations\n+00010290: 2c20 6275 7420 6861 7665 2062 6574 7465 , but have bette\n+000102a0: 7220 7265 706c 6163 656d 656e 7473 3a0a r replacements:.\n+000102b0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f ....GRUB_HIDDEN_\n+000102c0: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 TIMEOUT.... \n+000102d0: 5761 6974 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 Wait this many s\n+000102e0: 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6469 econds before di\n+000102f0: 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e splaying the men\n+00010300: 752e 2020 4966 203c 4553 433e 206f 720a u. If or.\n+00010310: 2020 2020 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 are pr\n+00010320: 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 essed, or is held down d\n+00010340: 7572 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 696d 652c uring that time,\n+00010350: 2064 6973 706c 6179 0a20 2020 2020 7468 display. th\n+00010360: 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 7420 e menu and wait \n+00010370: 666f 7220 696e 7075 7420 6163 636f 7264 for input accord\n+00010380: 696e 6720 746f 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 ing to ...GRUB_T\n+00010390: 494d 454f 5554 e280 992e 2020 4966 2061 IMEOUT.... If a\n+000103a0: 0a20 2020 2020 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 . hotkey ass\n+000103b0: 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d ociated with a m\n+000103c0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 enu entry is pre\n+000103d0: 7373 6564 2c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2061 ssed, boot the a\n+000103e0: 7373 6f63 6961 7465 640a 2020 2020 206d ssociated. m\n+000103f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 enu entry immedi\n+00010400: 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 ately. If the t\n+00010410: 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 6573 2062 imeout expires b\n+00010420: 6566 6f72 6520 6569 7468 6572 206f 660a efore either of.\n+00010430: 2020 2020 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 these happe\n+00010440: 6e73 2c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 ns, display the \n+00010450: 6d65 6e75 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206e 756d menu for the num\n+00010460: 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2073 ber of seconds s\n+00010470: 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e pecified. in\n+00010480: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+00010490: e280 9920 6265 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 ... before booti\n+000104a0: 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 ng the default e\n+000104b0: 6e74 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 ntry... If y\n+000104c0: 6f75 2073 6574 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 ou set ...GRUB_H\n+000104d0: 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 IDDEN_TIMEOUT...\n+000104e0: 2c20 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 6c73 , you should als\n+000104f0: 6f20 7365 740a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 o set. ...GR\n+00010500: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 3d30 e280 9920 UB_TIMEOUT=0... \n+00010510: 736f 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 so that the menu\n+00010520: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7965 is not displaye\n+00010530: 6420 6174 2061 6c6c 2075 6e6c 6573 730a d at all unless.\n+00010540: 2020 2020 203c 4553 433e 206f 7220 3c46 or are pressed, \n+00010560: 6f72 203c 5348 4946 543e 2069 7320 6865 or is he\n+00010570: 6c64 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 ld down... T\n+00010580: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e his option is un\n+00010590: 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 set by default, \n+000105a0: 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 and is deprecate\n+000105b0: 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 d in favour of t\n+000105c0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e he. less con\n+000105d0: 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 fusing ...GRUB_T\n+000105e0: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 IMEOUT_STYLE=cou\n+000105f0: 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 0a20 2020 ntdown... or. \n+00010600: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n+00010610: 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 6464 656e e280 T_STYLE=hidden..\n+00010620: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4849 4444 .......GRUB_HIDD\n+00010630: 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f51 5549 4554 EN_TIMEOUT_QUIET\n+00010640: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 636f 6e6a .... In conj\n+00010650: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7769 7468 20e2 8098 unction with ...\n+00010660: 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIME\n+00010670: 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 OUT..., set this\n+00010680: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2074 to ...true... t\n+00010690: 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 7072 6573 7320 o. suppress \n+000106a0: 7468 6520 7665 7262 6f73 6520 636f 756e the verbose coun\n+000106b0: 7464 6f77 6e20 7768 696c 6520 7761 6974 tdown while wait\n+000106c0: 696e 6720 666f 7220 6120 6b65 7920 746f ing for a key to\n+000106d0: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7373 6564 be. pressed\n+000106e0: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7969 before displayi\n+000106f0: 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 ng the menu... \n+00010700: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 This option i\n+00010710: 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 s unset by defau\n+00010720: 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 lt, and is depre\n+00010730: 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 cated in favour \n+00010740: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 of the. less\n+00010750: 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 confusing ...GR\n+00010760: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 UB_TIMEOUT_STYLE\n+00010770: 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 992e 0a0a =countdown......\n+00010780: e280 9847 5255 425f 4849 4444 454e 5f54 ...GRUB_HIDDEN_T\n+00010790: 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 IMEOUT_BUTTON...\n+000107a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5661 7269 616e 7420 6f66 . Variant of\n+000107b0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f ...GRUB_HIDDEN_\n+000107c0: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 7573 6564 TIMEOUT..., used\n+000107d0: 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 to support vend\n+000107e0: 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 2020 or-specific. \n+000107f0: 2070 6f77 6572 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2e20 power buttons. \n+00010800: 202a 4e6f 7465 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f *Note Vendor po\n+00010810: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a wer-on keys::...\n+00010820: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n+00010830: 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 is unset by def\n+00010840: 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 ault, and is dep\n+00010850: 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 recated in favou\n+00010860: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 r of the. le\n+00010870: 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 ss confusing ...\n+00010880: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n+00010890: 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 LE=countdown... \n+000108a0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f or. ...GRUB_\n+000108b0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 TIMEOUT_STYLE=hi\n+000108c0: 6464 656e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 dden...... For\n+000108d0: 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 6564 2063 more detailed c\n+000108e0: 7573 746f 6d69 7361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 ustomisation of \n+000108f0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+00010900: e280 9927 7320 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 796f ...'s output, yo\n+00010910: 7520 6d61 790a 6564 6974 2074 6865 2073 u may.edit the s\n+00010920: 6372 6970 7473 2069 6e20 e280 982f 6574 cripts in .../et\n+00010930: 632f 6772 7562 2e64 e280 9920 6469 7265 c/grub.d... dire\n+00010940: 6374 6c79 2e20 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 ctly. .../etc/g\n+00010950: 7275 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 rub.d/40_custom.\n+00010960: 8099 2069 730a 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 .. is.particular\n+00010970: 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6164 ly useful for ad\n+00010980: 6469 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6375 7374 ding entire cust\n+00010990: 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 733b om menu entries;\n+000109a0: 2073 696d 706c 7920 7479 7065 0a74 6865 simply type.the\n+000109b0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 796f menu entries yo\n+000109c0: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6174 u want to add at\n+000109d0: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6174 the end of that\n+000109e0: 2066 696c 652c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 file, making su\n+000109f0: 7265 2074 6f0a 6c65 6176 6520 6174 206c re to.leave at l\n+00010a00: 6561 7374 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 east the first t\n+00010a10: 776f 206c 696e 6573 2069 6e74 6163 742e wo lines intact.\n+00010a20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00010a30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6f74 nfo, Node: Root\n+00010a40: 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 Identifcation H\n+00010a50: 6575 7269 7374 6963 732c 2020 4e65 7874 euristics, Next\n+00010a60: 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 : Shell-like scr\n+00010a70: 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 ipting, Prev: S\n+00010a80: 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple configurat\n+00010a90: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 ion, Up: Config\n+00010aa0: 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e32 2052 6f6f uration..6.2 Roo\n+00010ab0: 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 t Identifcation \n+00010ac0: 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d Heuristics.=====\n 00010ad0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00010ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 ========..If the\n-00010af0: 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e target operatin\n-00010b00: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2075 7365 7320 7468 g system uses th\n-00010b10: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 e Linux kernel, \n-00010b20: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n-00010b30: e280 990a 6174 7465 6d70 7473 2074 6f20 ....attempts to \n-00010b40: 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f identify the roo\n-00010b50: 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7669 t file system vi\n-00010b60: 6120 6120 6865 7572 6973 7469 6320 616c a a heuristic al\n-00010b70: 676f 6972 7468 6d2e 0a54 6869 7320 616c goirthm..This al\n-00010b80: 676f 7269 7468 6d20 7365 6c65 6374 7320 gorithm selects \n-00010b90: 7468 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6361 7469 the identificati\n-00010ba0: 6f6e 206d 6574 686f 6420 6f66 2074 6865 on method of the\n-00010bb0: 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 root file syste\n-00010bc0: 6d0a 6279 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7269 6e67 m.by considering\n-00010bd0: 2074 6872 6565 2066 6163 746f 7273 2e20 three factors. \n-00010be0: 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 7320 6966 The first is if\n-00010bf0: 2061 6e20 696e 6974 7264 2066 6f72 2074 an initrd for t\n-00010c00: 6865 2074 6172 6765 740a 6f70 6572 6174 he target.operat\n-00010c10: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2069 7320 616c ing system is al\n-00010c20: 736f 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 so present. 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Most init\n-00010ea0: 7264 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6465 7465 726d rd images determ\n-00010eb0: 696e 6520 7468 6520 726f 6f74 0a66 696c ine the root.fil\n-00010ec0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 6368 6563 e system by chec\n-00010ed0: 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b king the Linux k\n-00010ee0: 6572 6e65 6c27 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642d ernel's command-\n-00010ef0: 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 2074 6865 20e2 8098 line for the ...\n-00010f00: 726f 6f74 e280 990a 6b65 7920 616e 6420 root....key and \n-00010f10: 7573 6520 6974 7320 7661 6c75 6520 6173 use its value as\n-00010f20: 2074 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6963 6174 the identificat\n-00010f30: 696f 6e20 6d65 7468 6f64 206f 6620 7468 ion method of th\n-00010f40: 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 650a 7379 7374 e root file.syst\n-00010f50: 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 696d 7072 6f76 6520 em. To improve \n-00010f60: 7468 6520 7265 6c69 6162 696c 6974 7920 the reliability \n-00010f70: 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 6d6f 7374 of booting, most\n-00010f80: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 6573 2061 initrd images a\n-00010f90: 6c73 6f0a 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 726f lso.allow the ro\n-00010fa0: 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 ot file system t\n-00010fb0: 6f20 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 o be identified \n-00010fc0: 6279 2069 7473 2055 5549 442e 2042 6563 by its UUID. Bec\n-00010fd0: 6175 7365 206f 6620 7468 6973 0a62 6568 ause of this.beh\n-00010fe0: 6176 696f 722c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 avior, the ...gr\n-00010ff0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 ub-mkconfig... c\n-00011000: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 ommand will set \n-00011010: e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 ...root... to ..\n-00011020: 9872 6f6f 743d 5555 4944 3d2e 2e2e e280 .root=UUID=.....\n-00011030: 990a 746f 2070 726f 7669 6465 2074 6865 ..to provide the\n-00011040: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 initrd with the\n-00011050: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 5555 4944 filesystem UUID\n-00011060: 206f 6620 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c of the root fil\n-00011070: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 e system... If\n-00011080: 206e 6f20 696e 6974 7264 2069 7320 6465 no initrd is de\n-00011090: 7465 6374 6564 206f 7220 e280 9847 5255 tected or ...GRU\n-000110a0: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_DISABLE_LINUX_\n-000110b0: 5555 4944 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 UUID... is set t\n-000110c0: 6f0a e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2074 6865 o....true... the\n-000110d0: 6e20 e280 9867 7275 622d 636f 6d6d 616e n ...grub-comman\n-000110e0: 64e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6964 656e 7469 d... will identi\n-000110f0: 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 fy the root file\n-00011100: 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e system by settin\n-00011110: 670a 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d g.the kernel com\n-00011120: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 7661 7269 6162 mand-line variab\n-00011130: 6c65 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 746f le ...root... to\n-00011140: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d50 4152 5455 5549 ...root=PARTUUI\n-00011150: 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2075 6e6c 6573 730a D=...... unless.\n-00011160: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n-00011170: 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 LINUX_PARTUUID..\n-00011180: 9920 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 7420 746f . is also set to\n-00011190: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992e 2020 4966 ...true.... If\n-000111a0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 ....GRUB_DISABLE\n-000111b0: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 _LINUX_PARTUUID.\n-000111c0: 8099 2069 7320 616c 736f 2073 6574 2074 .. is also set t\n-000111d0: 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 o ...true..., ..\n-000111e0: 9867 7275 622d 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 8099 .grub-command...\n-000111f0: 2077 696c 6c0a 6964 656e 7469 6679 2062 will.identify b\n-00011200: 7920 6974 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 6465 7669 y its Linux devi\n-00011210: 6365 206e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 ce name... The\n-00011220: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 following table\n-00011230: 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7a65 7320 7468 6520 summarizes the \n-00011240: 6265 6861 7669 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 behavior of the \n-00011250: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n-00011260: e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 496e ....command...In\n-00011270: 6974 7264 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 4449 itrd GRUB_DI\n-00011280: 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 SABLE_LINUX_PART\n-00011290: 5555 4944 2020 2047 5255 425f 4449 5341 UUID GRUB_DISA\n-000112a0: 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 2020 BLE_LINUX_UUID \n-000112b0: 204c 696e 7578 2052 6f6f 740a 6465 7465 Linux Root.dete\n-000112c0: 6374 6564 2020 2053 6574 2054 6f20 2020 cted Set To \n-000112d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000112e0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2054 6f20 2020 2020 Set To \n-000112f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 I\n-00011300: 4420 4d65 7468 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d D Method.-------\n+00010ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 ============..If\n+00010af0: 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f70 6572 the target oper\n+00010b00: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2075 7365 ating system use\n+00010b10: 7320 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e s the Linux kern\n+00010b20: 656c 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f el, ...grub-mkco\n+00010b30: 6e66 6967 e280 990a 6174 7465 6d70 7473 nfig....attempts\n+00010b40: 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 to identify the\n+00010b50: 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 root file syste\n+00010b60: 6d20 7669 6120 6120 6865 7572 6973 7469 m via a heuristi\n+00010b70: 6320 616c 676f 6972 7468 6d2e 0a54 6869 c algoirthm..Thi\n+00010b80: 7320 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d20 7365 6c65 s algorithm sele\n+00010b90: 6374 7320 7468 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 cts the identifi\n+00010ba0: 6361 7469 6f6e 206d 6574 686f 6420 6f66 cation method of\n+00010bb0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 the root file s\n+00010bc0: 7973 7465 6d0a 6279 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 ystem.by conside\n+00010bd0: 7269 6e67 2074 6872 6565 2066 6163 746f ring three facto\n+00010be0: 7273 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 rs. The first i\n+00010bf0: 7320 6966 2061 6e20 696e 6974 7264 2066 s if an initrd f\n+00010c00: 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 740a 6f70 or the target.op\n+00010c10: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2069 erating system i\n+00010c20: 7320 616c 736f 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 s also present. \n+00010c30: 2054 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 6973 0ae2 The second is..\n+00010c40: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c ..GRUB_DISABLE_L\n+00010c50: 494e 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 8099 2061 6e64 INUX_UUID... and\n+00010c60: 2069 6620 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 if set to ...tr\n+00010c70: 7565 e280 992c 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 ue..., prevents \n+00010c80: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+00010c90: e280 990a 6672 6f6d 2069 6465 6e74 6966 ....from identif\n+00010ca0: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 ying the root fi\n+00010cb0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6279 2069 7473 le system by its\n+00010cc0: 2055 5549 442e 2054 6865 2074 6869 7264 UUID. The third\n+00010cd0: 2069 730a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 is....GRUB_DISA\n+00010ce0: 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 BLE_LINUX_PARTUU\n+00010cf0: 4944 e280 9920 616e 6420 6966 2073 6574 ID... and if set\n+00010d00: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 to ...true..., \n+00010d10: 7072 6576 656e 7473 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 prevents....grub\n+00010d20: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2066 726f -mkconfig... fro\n+00010d30: 6d20 6964 656e 7469 6679 696e 6720 7468 m identifying th\n+00010d40: 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 e root file syst\n+00010d50: 656d 2076 6961 2074 6865 2055 5549 4420 em via the UUID \n+00010d60: 6f66 0a69 7473 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 of.its enclosing\n+00010d70: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 partition. If \n+00010d80: 7468 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 the variables ar\n+00010d90: 6520 6173 7369 676e 6564 2061 6e79 206f e assigned any o\n+00010da0: 7468 6572 2076 616c 7565 2c0a 7468 6174 ther value,.that\n+00010db0: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 636f 6e73 6964 value is consid\n+00010dc0: 6572 6564 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 ered equivalent \n+00010dd0: 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2e20 to ...false.... \n+00010de0: 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 The variables a\n+00010df0: 7265 2061 6c73 6f0a 636f 6e73 6964 6572 re also.consider\n+00010e00: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ed to be set to \n+00010e10: e280 9866 616c 7365 e280 9920 6966 2074 ...false... if t\n+00010e20: 6865 7920 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 7365 742e hey are not set.\n+00010e30: 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e .. When bootin\n+00010e40: 672c 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 g, the Linux ker\n+00010e50: 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 2064 656c 6567 6174 nel will delegat\n+00010e60: 6520 7468 6520 7461 736b 206f 6620 6d6f e the task of mo\n+00010e70: 756e 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a72 6f6f 7420 unting the.root \n+00010e80: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 7468 filesystem to th\n+00010e90: 6520 696e 6974 7264 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 e initrd. Most \n+00010ea0: 696e 6974 7264 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6465 initrd images de\n+00010eb0: 7465 726d 696e 6520 7468 6520 726f 6f74 termine the root\n+00010ec0: 0a66 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 .file system by \n+00010ed0: 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 204c 696e checking the Lin\n+00010ee0: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c27 7320 636f 6d6d ux kernel's comm\n+00010ef0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 2074 6865 and-line for the\n+00010f00: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a 6b65 7920 ...root....key \n+00010f10: 616e 6420 7573 6520 6974 7320 7661 6c75 and use its valu\n+00010f20: 6520 6173 2074 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 e as the identif\n+00010f30: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6d65 7468 6f64 206f ication method o\n+00010f40: 6620 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 650a f the root file.\n+00010f50: 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 696d 7072 system. To impr\n+00010f60: 6f76 6520 7468 6520 7265 6c69 6162 696c ove the reliabil\n+00010f70: 6974 7920 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 ity of booting, \n+00010f80: 6d6f 7374 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 most initrd imag\n+00010f90: 6573 2061 6c73 6f0a 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 es also.allow th\n+00010fa0: 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 e root file syst\n+00010fb0: 656d 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 em to be identif\n+00010fc0: 6965 6420 6279 2069 7473 2055 5549 442e ied by its UUID.\n+00010fd0: 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 7468 6973 Because of this\n+00010fe0: 0a62 6568 6176 696f 722c 2074 6865 20e2 .behavior, the .\n+00010ff0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n+00011000: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 .. command will \n+00011010: 7365 7420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2074 set ...root... t\n+00011020: 6f20 e280 9872 6f6f 743d 5555 4944 3d2e o ...root=UUID=.\n+00011030: 2e2e e280 990a 746f 2070 726f 7669 6465 ......to provide\n+00011040: 2074 6865 2069 6e69 7472 6420 7769 7468 the initrd with\n+00011050: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 the filesystem \n+00011060: 5555 4944 206f 6620 7468 6520 726f 6f74 UUID of the root\n+00011070: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 file system... \n+00011080: 2020 4966 206e 6f20 696e 6974 7264 2069 If no initrd i\n+00011090: 7320 6465 7465 6374 6564 206f 7220 e280 s detected or ..\n+000110a0: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 .GRUB_DISABLE_LI\n+000110b0: 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 9920 6973 2073 NUX_UUID... is s\n+000110c0: 6574 2074 6f0a e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 et to....true...\n+000110d0: 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9867 7275 622d 636f then ...grub-co\n+000110e0: 6d6d 616e 64e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6964 mmand... will id\n+000110f0: 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 entify the root \n+00011100: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 7365 filesystem by se\n+00011110: 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c tting.the kernel\n+00011120: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 7661 command-line va\n+00011130: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 riable ...root..\n+00011140: 9920 746f 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d50 4152 . to ...root=PAR\n+00011150: 5455 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2075 6e6c TUUID=...... unl\n+00011160: 6573 730a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 ess....GRUB_DISA\n+00011170: 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 BLE_LINUX_PARTUU\n+00011180: 4944 e280 9920 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 ID... is also se\n+00011190: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992e t to ...true....\n+000111a0: 2020 4966 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 If....GRUB_DIS\n+000111b0: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 ABLE_LINUX_PARTU\n+000111c0: 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 616c 736f 2073 UID... is also s\n+000111d0: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 et to ...true...\n+000111e0: 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 636f 6d6d 616e , ...grub-comman\n+000111f0: 64e2 8099 2077 696c 6c0a 6964 656e 7469 d... will.identi\n+00011200: 6679 2062 7920 6974 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 fy by its Linux \n+00011210: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 device name... \n+00011220: 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 The following t\n+00011230: 6162 6c65 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7a65 7320 able summarizes \n+00011240: 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f72 206f 6620 the behavior of \n+00011250: 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f the ...grub-mkco\n+00011260: 6e66 6967 e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 642e nfig....command.\n+00011270: 0a0a 496e 6974 7264 2020 2020 2047 5255 ..Initrd GRU\n+00011280: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_DISABLE_LINUX_\n+00011290: 5041 5254 5555 4944 2020 2047 5255 425f PARTUUID GRUB_\n+000112a0: 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 DISABLE_LINUX_UU\n+000112b0: 4944 2020 204c 696e 7578 2052 6f6f 740a ID Linux Root.\n+000112c0: 6465 7465 6374 6564 2020 2053 6574 2054 detected Set T\n+000112d0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o \n+000112e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2054 6f20 Set To \n+000112f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00011300: 2020 2049 4420 4d65 7468 6f64 0a2d 2d2d ID Method.---\n 00011310: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00011320: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00011330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00011340: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00011350: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 6661 6c73 6520 ---------.false \n-00011360: 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 false \n+00011350: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 6661 -------------.fa\n+00011360: 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 lse false \n 00011370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011380: 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n-00011390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 par\n-000113a0: 7420 5555 4944 0a66 616c 7365 2020 2020 t UUID.false \n-000113b0: 2020 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n+00011380: 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 false \n+00011390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000113a0: 2070 6172 7420 5555 4944 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Wor\n-00011850: 6473 2061 7265 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 ds are separated\n-00011860: 2062 7920 e280 9c6d 6574 6163 6861 7261 by ...metachara\n-00011870: 6374 6572 73e2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 cters..., which \n-00011880: 6172 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e are the followin\n-00011890: 670a 706c 7573 2073 7061 6365 2c20 7461 g.plus space, ta\n-000118a0: 622c 2061 6e64 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 3a0a b, and newline:.\n-000118b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7b20 7d20 7c20 2620 2420 . { } | & $ \n-000118c0: 3b20 3c20 3e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6f74 696e ; < >.. Quotin\n-000118d0: 6720 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f g may be used to\n-000118e0: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206d 6574 6163 6861 include metacha\n-000118f0: 7261 6374 6572 7320 696e 2077 6f72 6473 racters in words\n-00011900: 3b20 7365 6520 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 5265 ; see below...Re\n-00011910: 7365 7276 6564 2077 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d served words.===\n-00011920: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 6573 ===========..Res\n-00011930: 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 6861 7665 erved words have\n-00011940: 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 a special meani\n-00011950: 6e67 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 ng to GRUB. 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There ar\n-00011bd0: 6520 7468 7265 6520 7175 6f74 696e 6720 e three quoting \n-00011be0: 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 3a20 7468 6520 mechanisms: the \n-00011bf0: 6573 6361 7065 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 escape character\n-00011c00: 2c20 7369 6e67 6c65 0a71 756f 7465 732c , single.quotes,\n-00011c10: 2061 6e64 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 and double quot\n-00011c20: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 6e6f 6e2d 7175 es... A non-qu\n-00011c30: 6f74 6564 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2028 oted backslash (\n-00011c40: 5c29 2069 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c65 7363 \\) is the ...esc\n-00011c50: 6170 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 72e2 809d ape character...\n-00011c60: 2e20 2049 7420 7072 6573 6572 7665 730a . 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Enclosi\n-00011cd0: 6e67 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 696e ng characters in\n-00011ce0: 2073 696e 676c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2070 single quotes p\n-00011cf0: 7265 7365 7276 6573 2074 6865 206c 6974 reserves the lit\n-00011d00: 6572 616c 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 6561 eral value of.ea\n-00011d10: 6368 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2077 6974 ch character wit\n-00011d20: 6869 6e20 7468 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e20 hin the quotes. \n-00011d30: 2041 2073 696e 676c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 A single quote \n-00011d40: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6f63 6375 7220 6265 may not occur be\n-00011d50: 7477 6565 6e0a 7369 6e67 6c65 2071 756f tween.single quo\n-00011d60: 7465 732c 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2070 tes, even when p\n-00011d70: 7265 6365 6465 6420 6279 2061 2062 6163 receded by a bac\n-00011d80: 6b73 6c61 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 456e 636c kslash... 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The.backs\n-00011e70: 6c61 7368 2072 6574 6169 6e73 2069 7473 lash retains its\n-00011e80: 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 special meaning\n-00011e90: 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2066 6f6c 6c6f only when follo\n-00011ea0: 7765 6420 6279 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 wed by one of th\n-00011eb0: 650a 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6172 e.following char\n-00011ec0: 6163 7465 7273 3a20 e280 9824 e280 992c acters: ...$...,\n-00011ed0: 20e2 8098 22e2 8099 2c20 e280 985c e280 ...\"..., ...\\..\n-00011ee0: 992c 206f 7220 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 ., or newline. \n-00011ef0: 4120 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c A backslash-newl\n-00011f00: 696e 650a 7061 6972 2069 7320 7472 6561 ine.pair is trea\n-00011f10: 7465 6420 6173 2061 206c 696e 6520 636f ted as a line co\n-00011f20: 6e74 696e 7561 7469 6f6e 2028 7468 6174 ntinuation (that\n-00011f30: 2069 732c 2069 7420 6973 2072 656d 6f76 is, it is remov\n-00011f40: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 696e 7075 ed from the.inpu\n-00011f50: 7420 7374 7265 616d 2061 6e64 2065 6666 t stream and eff\n-00011f60: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2069 676e 6f72 6564 ectively ignored\n-00011f70: 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c (1) (*note Shell\n-00011f80: 2d6c 696b 650a 7363 7269 7074 696e 672d -like.scripting-\n-00011f90: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2929 2e20 Footnote-1::)). \n-00011fa0: 2041 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 A double quote \n-00011fb0: 6d61 7920 6265 2071 756f 7465 6420 7769 may be quoted wi\n-00011fc0: 7468 696e 2064 6f75 626c 650a 7175 6f74 thin double.quot\n-00011fd0: 6573 2062 7920 7072 6563 6564 696e 6720 es by preceding \n-00011fe0: 6974 2077 6974 6820 6120 6261 636b 736c it with a backsl\n-00011ff0: 6173 682e 0a0a 5661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 ash...Variable e\n-00012000: 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d xpansion.=======\n-00012010: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n-00012020: 20e2 8098 24e2 8099 2063 6861 7261 6374 ...$... charact\n-00012030: 6572 2069 6e74 726f 6475 6365 7320 7661 er introduces va\n-00012040: 7269 6162 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e riable expansion\n-00012050: 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 . The variable \n-00012060: 6e61 6d65 2074 6f0a 6265 2065 7870 616e name to.be expan\n-00012070: 6465 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f ded may be enclo\n-00012080: 7365 6420 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2077 sed in braces, w\n-00012090: 6869 6368 2061 7265 206f 7074 696f 6e61 hich are optiona\n-000120a0: 6c20 6275 7420 7365 7276 6520 746f 0a70 l but serve to.p\n-000120b0: 726f 7465 6374 2074 6865 2076 6172 6961 rotect the varia\n-000120c0: 626c 6520 746f 2062 6520 6578 7061 6e64 ble to be expand\n-000120d0: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6368 6172 6163 7465 ed from characte\n-000120e0: 7273 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 0a66 rs immediately.f\n-000120f0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7420 7768 6963 ollowing it whic\n-00012100: 6820 636f 756c 6420 6265 2069 6e74 6572 h could be inter\n-00012110: 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f preted as part o\n-00012120: 6620 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 f the name... \n-00012130: 4e6f 726d 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 Normal variable \n-00012140: 6e61 6d65 7320 6265 6769 6e20 7769 7468 names begin with\n-00012150: 2061 6e20 616c 7068 6162 6574 6963 2063 an alphabetic c\n-00012160: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 haracter, follow\n-00012170: 6564 2062 790a 7a65 726f 206f 7220 6d6f ed by.zero or mo\n-00012180: 7265 2061 6c70 6861 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 re alphanumeric \n-00012190: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2e20 2054 6865 characters. The\n-000121a0: 7365 206e 616d 6573 2072 6566 6572 2074 se names refer t\n-000121b0: 6f20 656e 7472 6965 7320 696e 0a74 6865 o entries in.the\n-000121c0: 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e GRUB environmen\n-000121d0: 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e t (*note Environ\n-000121e0: 6d65 6e74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2050 6f73 ment::)... Pos\n-000121f0: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 itional variable\n-00012200: 206e 616d 6573 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 206f names consist o\n-00012210: 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6469 f one or more di\n-00012220: 6769 7473 2e20 2054 6865 790a 7265 7072 gits. They.repr\n-00012230: 6573 656e 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 esent parameters\n-00012240: 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f 2066 756e 6374 passed to funct\n-00012250: 696f 6e20 6361 6c6c 732c 2077 6974 6820 ion calls, with \n-00012260: e280 9824 31e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 7365 ...$1... represe\n-00012270: 6e74 696e 670a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 nting.the first \n-00012280: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 parameter, and s\n-00012290: 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7370 o on... The sp\n-000122a0: 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e ecial variable n\n-000122b0: 616d 6520 e280 983f e280 9920 6578 7061 ame ...?... expa\n-000122c0: 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 nds to the exit \n-000122d0: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f status of the mo\n-000122e0: 7374 0a72 6563 656e 746c 7920 6578 6563 st.recently exec\n-000122f0: 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2057 uted command. W\n-00012300: 6865 6e20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2076 hen positional v\n-00012310: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 ariable names ar\n-00012320: 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 6865 7220 e active,.other \n-00012330: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 special variable\n-00012340: 206e 616d 6573 20e2 8098 40e2 8099 2c20 names ...@..., \n-00012350: e280 982a e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9823 ...*... and ...#\n-00012360: e280 9920 6172 6520 6465 6669 6e65 6420 ... are defined \n-00012370: 616e 6420 7468 6579 0a65 7870 616e 6420 and they.expand \n-00012380: 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 to all positiona\n-00012390: 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 6974 l parameters wit\n-000123a0: 6820 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 7175 6f74 h necessary quot\n-000123b0: 696e 672c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a ing, positional.\n-000123c0: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 6974 686f parameters witho\n-000123d0: 7574 2061 6e79 2071 756f 7469 6e67 2c20 ut any quoting, \n-000123e0: 616e 6420 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 and positional p\n-000123f0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2063 6f75 6e74 0a72 arameter count.r\n-00012400: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 436f espectively...Co\n-00012410: 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a mments.========.\n-00012420: 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e .A word beginnin\n-00012430: 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2063 g with ...#... c\n-00012440: 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 2077 6f72 6420 auses that word \n-00012450: 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 696e 696e and all remainin\n-00012460: 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a6f 6e20 g characters.on \n-00012470: 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 746f 2062 6520 that line to be \n-00012480: 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 6d70 6c65 ignored...Simple\n-00012490: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.======\n-000124a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c =========..A ...\n-000124b0: 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 simple command..\n-000124c0: 9d20 6973 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 . is a sequence \n-000124d0: 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2073 6570 6172 6174 of words separat\n-000124e0: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 206f 7220 ed by spaces or \n-000124f0: 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 tabs.and termina\n-00012500: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 656d 6963 6f6c ted by a semicol\n-00012510: 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 6e65 776c 696e 652e on or a newline.\n-00012520: 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 The first word\n-00012530: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 0a74 6865 2063 specifies.the c\n-00012540: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7865 ommand to be exe\n-00012550: 6375 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 cuted. The rema\n-00012560: 696e 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 6520 ining words are \n-00012570: 7061 7373 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 passed as argume\n-00012580: 6e74 730a 746f 2074 6865 2069 6e76 6f6b nts.to the invok\n-00012590: 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 ed command... \n-000125a0: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 The return value\n-000125b0: 206f 6620 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d of a simple com\n-000125c0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6974 7320 6578 6974 mand is its exit\n-000125d0: 2073 7461 7475 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 status. If the\n-000125e0: 0a72 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 20e2 .reserved word .\n-000125f0: 8098 21e2 8099 2070 7265 6365 6465 7320 ..!... precedes \n-00012600: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2074 6865 the command, the\n-00012610: 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c n the return val\n-00012620: 7565 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 640a 7468 ue is instead.th\n-00012630: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 e logical negati\n-00012640: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e on of the comman\n-00012650: 6427 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e d's exit status.\n-00012660: 0a0a 436f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..Compound comma\n-00012670: 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nds.============\n-00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c 636f 6d70 =====..A ...comp\n-00012690: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 ound command... \n-000126a0: 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f is one of the fo\n-000126b0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 666f 7220 4e41 llowing:..for NA\n-000126c0: 4d45 2069 6e20 574f 5244 202e 2e2e 3b20 ME in WORD ...; \n-000126d0: 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 do LIST; done. \n-000126e0: 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2077 The list of w\n-000126f0: 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 20e2 ords following .\n-00012700: 8098 696e e280 9920 6973 2065 7870 616e ..in... is expan\n-00012710: 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 ded, generating \n-00012720: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2069 a list of. i\n-00012730: 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 tems. The varia\n-00012740: 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7365 7420 ble NAME is set \n-00012750: 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 to each element \n-00012760: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 2069 6e0a of this list in.\n-00012770: 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 6e64 204c turn, and L\n-00012780: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 IST is executed \n-00012790: 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 each time. The \n-000127a0: 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 return value is \n-000127b0: 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 the exit. st\n-000127c0: 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 atus of the last\n-000127d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 7420 6578 command that ex\n-000127e0: 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 ecutes. If the \n-000127f0: 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 expansion of the\n-00012800: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 666f 6c6c . items foll\n-00012810: 6f77 696e 6720 e280 9869 6ee2 8099 2072 owing ...in... r\n-00012820: 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 esults in an emp\n-00012830: 7479 206c 6973 742c 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d ty list, no comm\n-00012840: 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 ands are. ex\n-00012850: 6563 7574 6564 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 ecuted, and the \n-00012860: 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 return status is\n-00012870: 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 0...if LIST; th\n-00012880: 656e 204c 4953 543b 205b 656c 6966 204c en LIST; [elif L\n-00012890: 4953 543b 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d IST; then LIST;]\n-000128a0: 202e 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 204c 4953 543b ... [else LIST;\n-000128b0: 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 ] fi. The ..\n-000128c0: 9869 66e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 .if... LIST is e\n-000128d0: 7865 6375 7465 642c 2077 6865 7265 204c xecuted, where L\n-000128e0: 4953 5420 6973 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 IST is a series \n-000128f0: 6f66 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 0a20 2020 of ...simple. \n-00012900: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 command...s se\n-00012910: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 parated by a \";\"\n-00012920: 2e20 2049 6620 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 . If its exit s\n-00012930: 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 tatus of the las\n-00012940: 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 t. command i\n-00012950: 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9874 s zero, the ...t\n-00012960: 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 hen... LIST is e\n-00012970: 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 xecuted. Otherw\n-00012980: 6973 652c 2065 6163 680a 2020 2020 20e2 ise, each. .\n-00012990: 8098 656c 6966 e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 ..elif... LIST i\n-000129a0: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7475 s executed in tu\n-000129b0: 726e 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2069 7473 206c rn, and if its l\n-000129c0: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 ast command's ex\n-000129d0: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 2069 it. status i\n-000129e0: 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 636f 7272 s zero, the corr\n-000129f0: 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e280 9874 6865 esponding ...the\n-00012a00: 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 n... LIST is exe\n-00012a10: 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 cuted and the. \n-00012a20: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c command compl\n-00012a30: 6574 6573 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 etes. Otherwise\n-00012a40: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9865 6c73 65e2 8099 , the ...else...\n-00012a50: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n-00012a60: 642c 2069 660a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7365 d, if. prese\n-00012a70: 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 nt. The exit st\n-00012a80: 6174 7573 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 atus is the exit\n-00012a90: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c status of the l\n-00012aa0: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 ast command. \n-00012ab0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 206f 7220 7a65 executed, or ze\n-00012ac0: 726f 2069 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 ro if no conditi\n-00012ad0: 6f6e 2074 6573 7465 6420 7472 7565 2e0a on tested true..\n-00012ae0: 0a77 6869 6c65 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 .while COND; do \n-00012af0: 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a75 6e74 696c LIST; done.until\n-00012b00: 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 COND; do LIST; \n-00012b10: 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 done. The ..\n-00012b20: 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e .while... comman\n-00012b30: 6420 636f 6e74 696e 756f 7573 6c79 2065 d continuously e\n-00012b40: 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 e280 9864 xecutes the ...d\n-00012b50: 6fe2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6173 206c 6f6e o... LIST as lon\n-00012b60: 6720 6173 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c61 g as. the la\n-00012b70: 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 434f st command in CO\n-00012b80: 4e44 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2061 6e20 6578 ND returns an ex\n-00012b90: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 207a 6572 it status of zer\n-00012ba0: 6f2c 2077 6865 7265 2043 4f4e 440a 2020 o, where COND. \n-00012bb0: 2020 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 is a list of \n-00012bc0: e280 9c73 696d 706c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ...simple comman\n-00012bd0: 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 d...s separated \n-00012be0: 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 by a \";\". The .\n-00012bf0: 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ..until.... \n-00012c00: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2069 6465 6e74 command is ident\n-00012c10: 6963 616c 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9877 ical to the ...w\n-00012c20: 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c hile... command,\n-00012c30: 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 2074 6865 except that the\n-00012c40: 2074 6573 740a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6e65 test. is ne\n-00012c50: 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 20e2 8098 646f gated; the ...do\n-00012c60: e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 ... LIST is exec\n-00012c70: 7574 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 uted as long as \n-00012c80: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the last command\n-00012c90: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 . in COND re\n-00012ca0: 7475 726e 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f turns a non-zero\n-00012cb0: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2054 exit status. T\n-00012cc0: 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f he exit status o\n-00012cd0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7768 f the. ...wh\n-00012ce0: 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 756e ile... and ...un\n-00012cf0: 7469 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 til... commands \n-00012d00: 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 is the exit stat\n-00012d10: 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 20e2 us of the last .\n-00012d20: 8098 646f e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 4953 ..do.... LIS\n-00012d30: 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 T command execut\n-00012d40: 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 206e ed, or zero if n\n-00012d50: 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 one was executed\n-00012d60: 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 4d45 ...function NAME\n-00012d70: 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 { COMMAND; ... \n-00012d80: 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 }. This defi\n-00012d90: 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206e nes a function n\n-00012da0: 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 5468 6520 amed NAME. The \n-00012db0: e280 9c62 6f64 79e2 809d 206f 6620 7468 ...body... of th\n-00012dc0: 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 e function is. \n-00012dd0: 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 the list of c\n-00012de0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 7468 696e 2062 ommands within b\n-00012df0: 7261 6365 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 races, each of w\n-00012e00: 6869 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 hich must be. \n-00012e10: 2020 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 2077 6974 terminated wit\n-00012e20: 6820 6120 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 h a semicolon or\n-00012e30: 2061 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 a newline. Thi\n-00012e40: 7320 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e s list of comman\n-00012e50: 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ds. will be \n-00012e60: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2077 6865 6e65 7665 executed wheneve\n-00012e70: 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 r NAME is specif\n-00012e80: 6965 6420 6173 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 ied as the name \n-00012e90: 6f66 2061 2073 696d 706c 650a 2020 2020 of a simple. \n-00012ea0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 756e 6374 command. Funct\n-00012eb0: 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 ion definitions \n-00012ec0: 646f 206e 6f74 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 do not affect th\n-00012ed0: 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 696e e exit status in\n-00012ee0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2e20 . ...$?.... \n-00012ef0: 2057 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 When executed, \n-00012f00: 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 the exit status \n-00012f10: 6f66 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 of a function is\n-00012f20: 2074 6865 2065 7869 740a 2020 2020 2073 the exit. s\n-00012f30: 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 tatus of the las\n-00012f40: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 t command execut\n-00012f50: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6479 2e0a ed in the body..\n-00012f60: 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 .menuentry TITLE\n-00012f70: 205b e280 982d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 [...--class=cla\n-00012f80: 7373 e280 9920 2e2e 2e5d 205b e280 982d ss... ...] [...-\n-00012f90: 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 e280 995d -users=users...]\n-00012fa0: 205b e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 [...--unrestric\n-00012fb0: 7465 64e2 8099 5d20 5be2 8098 2d2d 686f ted...] [...--ho\n-00012fc0: 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 e280 995d 205b e280 tkey=key...] [..\n-00012fd0: 982d 2d69 643d 6964 e280 995d 207b 2043 .--id=id...] { C\n-00012fe0: 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 OMMAND; ... }. \n-00012ff0: 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 206d 656e 7565 6e74 *Note menuent\n-00013000: 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 ry::...Built-in \n-00013010: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Commands.=======\n-00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 536f 6d65 ==========..Some\n-00013030: 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e built-in comman\n-00013040: 6473 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7072 6f76 ds are also prov\n-00013050: 6964 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2073 6372 ided by GRUB scr\n-00013060: 6970 7420 746f 2068 656c 7020 7363 7269 ipt to help scri\n-00013070: 7074 0a77 7269 7465 7273 2070 6572 666f pt.writers perfo\n-00013080: 726d 2061 6374 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 rm actions that \n-00013090: 6172 6520 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6e6f are otherwise no\n-000130a0: 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 2046 6f72 t possible. For\n-000130b0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 7468 6573 6520 example,.these \n-000130c0: 696e 636c 7564 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 include commands\n-000130d0: 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f 7574 206f 6620 to jump out of \n-000130e0: 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 686f 7574 2066 a loop without f\n-000130f0: 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696e 670a ully completing.\n-00013100: 6974 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 6272 6561 6b20 it, etc...break \n-00013110: 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 [...n...]. E\n-00013120: 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 xit from within \n-00013130: 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 a ...for..., ...\n-00013140: 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 while..., or ...\n-00013150: 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 until... loop. \n-00013160: 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 If ...n... is. \n-00013170: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6272 specified, br\n-00013180: 6561 6b20 e280 986e e280 9920 6c65 7665 eak ...n... leve\n-00013190: 6c73 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 ls. ...n... mus\n-000131a0: 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 t be greater tha\n-000131b0: 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 n or equal to. \n-000131c0: 2020 2031 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 1. If ...n..\n-000131d0: 9920 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 . is greater tha\n-000131e0: 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 n the number of \n-000131f0: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c enclosing loops,\n-00013200: 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636c 6f73 all. enclos\n-00013210: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 6520 6578 ing loops are ex\n-00013220: 6974 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6574 7572 ited. The retur\n-00013230: 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2030 2075 6e6c n value is 0 unl\n-00013240: 6573 7320 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 0a20 ess ...n... is. \n-00013250: 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 7465 7220 not greater \n-00013260: 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f than or equal to\n-00013270: 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 5be2 1...continue [.\n-00013280: 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 ..n...]. Res\n-00013290: 756d 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2069 7465 ume the next ite\n-000132a0: 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 656e ration of the en\n-000132b0: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 e280 9866 6f72 e280 closing ...for..\n-000132c0: 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 206f ., ...while... o\n-000132d0: 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 r. ...until.\n-000132e0: 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 .. loop. If ...\n-000132f0: 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 n... is specifie\n-00013300: 642c 2072 6573 756d 6520 6174 2074 6865 d, resume at the\n-00013310: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f ...n...th enclo\n-00013320: 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 sing. loop. \n-00013330: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 ...n... must be\n-00013340: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 greater than or\n-00013350: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 2020 4966 equal to 1. If\n-00013360: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 ...n... is grea\n-00013370: 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 7468 ter. than th\n-00013380: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c e number of encl\n-00013390: 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 6865 osing loops, the\n-000133a0: 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 last enclosing \n-000133b0: 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 loop (the. .\n-000133c0: 809c 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6ce2 809d 206c ..top-level... l\n-000133d0: 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 7265 7375 6d65 642e oop) is resumed.\n-000133e0: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c The return val\n-000133f0: 7565 2069 7320 3020 756e 6c65 7373 20e2 ue is 0 unless .\n-00013400: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 206e ..n... is. n\n-00013410: 6f74 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 ot greater than \n-00013420: 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a or equal to 1...\n-00013430: 7265 7475 726e 205b e280 986e e280 995d return [...n...]\n-00013440: 0a20 2020 2020 4361 7573 6573 2061 2066 . Causes a f\n-00013450: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2065 7869 7420 unction to exit \n-00013460: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 with the return \n-00013470: 7661 6c75 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 value specified \n-00013480: 6279 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 by ...n..... \n-00013490: 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 206f If ...n... is o\n-000134a0: 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7475 mitted, the retu\n-000134b0: 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2074 6861 rn status is tha\n-000134c0: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f t of the last co\n-000134d0: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 mmand. execu\n-000134e0: 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 ted in the funct\n-000134f0: 696f 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 2049 6620 7573 ion body. If us\n-00013500: 6564 206f 7574 7369 6465 2061 2066 756e ed outside a fun\n-00013510: 6374 696f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 ction the. r\n-00013520: 6574 7572 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 eturn status is \n-00013530: 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 616d false...setparam\n-00013540: 7320 5be2 8098 6172 67e2 8099 5d20 2e2e s [...arg...] ..\n-00013550: 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6570 6c61 6365 2070 .. Replace p\n-00013560: 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 ositional parame\n-00013570: 7465 7273 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 7769 ters starting wi\n-00013580: 7468 20e2 8098 2431 e280 9920 7769 7468 th ...$1... with\n-00013590: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f0a 2020 arguments to. \n-000135a0: 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6172 616d 73e2 ...setparams.\n-000135b0: 8099 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b e280 986e .....shift [...n\n-000135c0: e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f ...]. The po\n-000135d0: 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 sitional paramet\n-000135e0: 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 ers from ...n...\n-000135f0: 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 7265 2072 656e 616d +1 ... are renam\n-00013600: 6564 2074 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 8099 2e2e ed to ...$1.....\n-00013610: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5061 7261 6d65 7465 ... Paramete\n-00013620: 7273 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6564 2062 rs represented b\n-00013630: 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 e280 y the numbers ..\n-00013640: 9824 23e2 8099 2064 6f77 6e20 746f 20e2 .$#... down to .\n-00013650: 8098 2423 e280 992d e280 986e e280 992b ..$#...-...n...+\n-00013660: 3120 6172 650a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 1 are. unset\n-00013670: 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 . ...n... must \n-00013680: 6265 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e 6567 6174 6976 be a non-negativ\n-00013690: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206c 6573 7320 7468 e number less th\n-000136a0: 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 an or equal to. \n-000136b0: 2020 2020 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2e20 2049 ...$#.... I\n-000136c0: 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2030 2c20 f ...n... is 0, \n-000136d0: 6e6f 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 no parameters ar\n-000136e0: 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 4966 20e2 e changed. If .\n-000136f0: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 ..n... is not. \n-00013700: 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2069 7320 given, it is \n-00013710: 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 312e assumed to be 1.\n-00013720: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 If ...n... is \n-00013730: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 greater than ...\n-00013740: 2423 e280 992c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 $#..., the. \n-00013750: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d positional param\n-00013760: 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 6368 eters are not ch\n-00013770: 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 anged. The retu\n-00013780: 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 rn status is. \n-00013790: 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 207a greater than z\n-000137a0: 6572 6f20 6966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 ero if ...n... i\n-000137b0: 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 s greater than .\n-000137c0: 8098 2423 e280 9920 6f72 206c 6573 7320 ..$#... or less \n-000137d0: 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 than zero;. \n-000137e0: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a otherwise 0.....\n-000137f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00013800: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 Node: Shell-li\n-00013810: 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f ke scripting-Foo\n-00013820: 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6865 tnotes, Up: She\n-00013830: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n-00013840: 670a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e g.. (1) Curren\n-00013850: 746c 7920 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d tly a backslash-\n-00013860: 6e65 776c 696e 6520 7061 6972 2077 6974 newline pair wit\n-00013870: 6869 6e20 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e hin a variable n\n-00013880: 616d 6520 6973 206e 6f74 0a68 616e 646c ame is not.handl\n-00013890: 6564 2070 726f 7065 726c 792c 2073 6f20 ed properly, so \n-000138a0: 7573 6520 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 use this feature\n-000138b0: 2077 6974 6820 736f 6d65 2063 6172 652e with some care.\n-000138c0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000138d0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 nfo, Node: Mult\n-000138e0: 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f i-boot manual co\n-000138f0: 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2045 6d62 nfig, Next: Emb\n-00013900: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n-00013910: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5368 656c ion, Prev: Shel\n-00013920: 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l-like scripting\n-00013930: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 , Up: Configura\n-00013940: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 692d tion..6.4 Multi-\n-00013950: 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 boot manual conf\n-00013960: 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ig.=============\n-00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00013980: 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 .Currently autog\n-00013990: 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 enerating config\n-000139a0: 2066 696c 6573 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 files for multi\n-000139b0: 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e -boot environmen\n-000139c0: 7473 0a64 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 ts.depends on os\n-000139d0: 2d70 726f 6265 7220 616e 6420 6861 7320 -prober and has \n-000139e0: 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d several shortcom\n-000139f0: 696e 6773 2e20 2044 7565 2074 6f20 7468 ings. Due to th\n-00013a00: 6174 2069 7420 6973 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 at it is.disable\n-00013a10: 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 d by default. I\n-00013a20: 7420 6973 2061 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 t is advised to \n-00013a30: 7573 6520 7468 6520 706f 7765 7220 6f66 use the power of\n-00013a40: 2047 5255 4220 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 GRUB syntax and\n-00013a50: 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662e .do it yourself.\n-00013a60: 2020 4120 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e A possible con\n-00013a70: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 figuration is de\n-00013a80: 7461 696c 6564 2068 6572 652c 2066 6565 tailed here, fee\n-00013a90: 6c20 6672 6565 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 l free to.adjust\n-00013aa0: 2074 6f20 796f 7572 206e 6565 6473 2e0a to your needs..\n-00013ab0: 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 6372 6561 7465 . First create\n-00013ac0: 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 4752 5542 a separate GRUB\n-00013ad0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 partition, big \n-00013ae0: 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 enough to hold G\n-00013af0: 5255 422e 2053 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 6865 RUB. Some.of the\n-00013b00: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 following entri\n-00013b10: 6573 2073 686f 7720 686f 7720 746f 206c es show how to l\n-00013b20: 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 oad OS installer\n-00013b30: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 images from thi\n-00013b40: 730a 7361 6d65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e s.same partition\n-00013b50: 2c20 666f 7220 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f , for that you o\n-00013b60: 6276 696f 7573 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f bviously need to\n-00013b70: 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 make the partit\n-00013b80: 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 650a 656e 6f75 6768 ion large.enough\n-00013b90: 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2074 686f 7365 2069 to hold those i\n-00013ba0: 6d61 6765 7320 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 mages as well. \n-00013bb0: 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 6973 2070 6172 7469 Mount this parti\n-00013bc0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 tion on/mnt/boot\n-00013bd0: 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2047 5255 .and disable GRU\n-00013be0: 4220 696e 2061 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 616e B in all OSes an\n-00013bf0: 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 d manually insta\n-00013c00: 6c6c 2073 656c 662d 636f 6d70 696c 6564 ll self-compiled\n-00013c10: 206c 6174 6573 740a 4752 5542 2077 6974 latest.GRUB wit\n-00013c20: 683a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 h:.. ...grub-i\n-00013c30: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 nstall --boot-di\n-00013c40: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f rectory=/mnt/boo\n-00013c50: 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 990a 0a20 t /dev/sda..... \n-00013c60: 2020 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 204f 5365 In all the OSe\n-00013c70: 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2074 s install GRUB t\n-00013c80: 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 2064 6973 6162 6c65 ools but disable\n-00013c90: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 installing GRUB\n-00013ca0: 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 6374 6f72 2c20 in.bootsector, \n-00013cb0: 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6861 7665 206d so you'll have m\n-00013cc0: 656e 752e 6c73 7420 616e 6420 6772 7562 enu.lst and grub\n-00013cd0: 2e63 6667 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 .cfg available f\n-00013ce0: 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a 416c 736f 2064 6973 or use..Also dis\n-00013cf0: 6162 6c65 206f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 2075 able os-prober u\n-00013d00: 7365 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 673a 0a0a se by setting:..\n-00013d10: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 ...GRUB_DISAB\n-00013d20: 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 3d74 7275 LE_OS_PROBER=tru\n-00013d30: 65e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 7463 e..... in /etc\n-00013d40: 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 /default/grub.. \n-00013d50: 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 2061 2067 Then write a g\n-00013d60: 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e 742f 626f rub.cfg (/mnt/bo\n-00013d70: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n-00013d80: 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e ):... menuen\n-00013d90: 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 try \"OS using gr\n-00013da0: 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 ub2\" {. i\n-00013db0: 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 2020 2020 nsmod xfs. \n-00013dc0: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n-00013dd0: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3120 oot --label OS1 \n-00013de0: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 --hint hd0,msdos\n-00013df0: 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 8. config\n-00013e00: 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f file /boot/grub/\n-00013e10: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a grub.cfg. }.\n-00013e20: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 . menuentry \n-00013e30: 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 322d \"OS using grub2-\n-00013e40: 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 legacy\" {. \n-00013e50: 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 320a 2020 insmod ext2. \n-00013e60: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n-00013e70: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n-00013e80: 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d OS2 --hint hd0,m\n-00013e90: 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 sdos6. le\n-00013ea0: 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 gacy_configfile \n-00013eb0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d 656e 752e /boot/grub/menu.\n-00013ec0: 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 lst. }.. \n-00013ed0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 menuentry \"Wind\n-00013ee0: 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 ows XP\" {. \n-00013ef0: 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 730a 2020 insmod ntfs. \n-00013f00: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n-00013f10: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n-00013f20: 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d 2d68 696e WINDOWS_XP --hin\n-00013f30: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos1. \n-00013f40: 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 6e74 6c64 ntldr /ntld\n-00013f50: 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d r. }.. m\n-00013f60: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 enuentry \"Window\n-00013f70: 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 s 7\" {. i\n-00013f80: 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 2020 nsmod ntfs. \n-00013f90: 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d search --set=\n-00013fa0: 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 494e root --label WIN\n-00013fb0: 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 DOWS_7 --hint hd\n-00013fc0: 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 2020 2020 0,msdos2. \n-00013fd0: 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 720a ntldr /bootmgr.\n-00013fe0: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n-00013ff0: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 4253 4422 uentry \"FreeBSD\"\n-00014000: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-00014010: 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 2020 insmod zfs. \n-00014020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 sear\n-00014030: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n-00014040: 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 202d label freepool -\n-00014050: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7337 -hint hd0,msdos7\n-00014060: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00014070: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f 6672 6565 6273 kfreebsd /freebs\n-00014080: 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6b 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2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f initrd /\n-00014370: 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d fedora/initrd.im\n-00014380: 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d g. }.. m\n-00014390: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 enuentry \"Fedora\n-000143a0: 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c rawhide install\n-000143b0: 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er\" {. \n-000143c0: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 search --se\n-000143d0: 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 t=root --label G\n-000143e0: 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d RUB --hint hd0,m\n-000143f0: 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sdos5. \n-00014400: 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f 6665 646f linux /fedo\n-00014410: 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6570 6f3d ra/vmlinuz repo=\n-00014420: 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 6f72 2e73 7769 ftp://mirror.swi\n-00014430: 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 726f 722f 6665 tch.ch/mirror/fe\n-00014440: 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 6576 656c dora/linux/devel\n-00014450: 6f70 6d65 6e74 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N\n-000145f0: 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7267 otes:. ... Arg\n-00014600: 756d 656e 7420 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 ument to search \n-00014610: 6166 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 7320 after -label is \n-00014620: 4653 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 6361 FS LABEL. You ca\n-00014630: 6e20 616c 736f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 n also use UUIDs\n-00014640: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 202d 6673 2d75 . with -fs-u\n-00014650: 7569 6420 5555 4944 2069 6e73 7465 6164 uid UUID instead\n-00014660: 206f 6620 2d6c 6162 656c 204c 4142 454c of -label LABEL\n-00014670: 2e20 596f 7520 636f 756c 6420 616c 736f . You could also\n-00014680: 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 use. direct\n-00014690: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d68 6430 2c6d 7364 ...root=hd0,msd\n-000146a0: 6f73 58e2 8099 2062 7574 2074 6869 7320 osX... but this \n-000146b0: 6973 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 is not recommend\n-000146c0: 6564 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 ed due to device\n-000146d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 2069 6e73 7461 . name insta\n-000146e0: 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a bility.....File:\n-000146f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00014700: 653a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 e: Embedded conf\n-00014710: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 iguration, Prev\n-00014720: 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e : Multi-boot man\n-00014730: 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a ual config, Up:\n-00014740: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a Configuration..\n-00014750: 362e 3520 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 6.5 Embedding a \n-00014760: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00014770: 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d le into GRUB.===\n-00014780: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00011750: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a e280 9867 7275 ========.....gru\n+00011760: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 7320 7772 6974 b.cfg... is writ\n+00011770: 7465 6e20 696e 2047 5255 4227 7320 6275 ten in GRUB's bu\n+00011780: 696c 742d 696e 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 ilt-in scripting\n+00011790: 206c 616e 6775 6167 652c 2077 6869 6368 language, which\n+000117a0: 2068 6173 2061 0a73 796e 7461 7820 7175 has a.syntax qu\n+000117b0: 6974 6520 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2074 ite similar to t\n+000117c0: 6861 7420 6f66 2047 4e55 2042 6173 6820 hat of GNU Bash \n+000117d0: 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 426f 7572 6e65 and other Bourne\n+000117e0: 2073 6865 6c6c 0a64 6572 6976 6174 6976 shell.derivativ\n+000117f0: 6573 2e0a 0a57 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d es...Words.=====\n+00011800: 0a0a 4120 e280 9c77 6f72 64e2 809d 2069 ..A ...word... i\n+00011810: 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 s a sequence of \n+00011820: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2063 6f6e 7369 characters consi\n+00011830: 6465 7265 6420 6173 2061 2073 696e 676c dered as a singl\n+00011840: 6520 756e 6974 2062 790a 4752 5542 2e20 e unit by.GRUB. \n+00011850: 2057 6f72 6473 2061 7265 2073 6570 6172 Words are separ\n+00011860: 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 9c6d 6574 6163 ated by ...metac\n+00011870: 6861 7261 6374 6572 73e2 809d 2c20 7768 haracters..., wh\n+00011880: 6963 6820 6172 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c ich are the foll\n+00011890: 6f77 696e 670a 706c 7573 2073 7061 6365 owing.plus space\n+000118a0: 2c20 7461 622c 2061 6e64 206e 6577 6c69 , tab, and newli\n+000118b0: 6e65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7b20 7d20 7c20 ne:.. { } | \n+000118c0: 2620 2420 3b20 3c20 3e0a 0a20 2020 5175 & $ ; < >.. Qu\n+000118d0: 6f74 696e 6720 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 oting may be use\n+000118e0: 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206d 6574 d to include met\n+000118f0: 6163 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 696e 2077 acharacters in w\n+00011900: 6f72 6473 3b20 7365 6520 6265 6c6f 772e ords; see below.\n+00011910: 0a0a 5265 7365 7276 6564 2077 6f72 6473 ..Reserved words\n+00011920: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a .==============.\n+00011930: 0a52 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 .Reserved words \n+00011940: 6861 7665 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d have a special m\n+00011950: 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e20 eaning to GRUB. \n+00011960: 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 776f The following wo\n+00011970: 7264 7320 6172 650a 7265 636f 676e 6973 rds are.recognis\n+00011980: 6564 2061 7320 7265 7365 7276 6564 2077 ed as reserved w\n+00011990: 6865 6e20 756e 7175 6f74 6564 2061 6e64 hen unquoted and\n+000119a0: 2065 6974 6865 7220 7468 6520 6669 7273 either the firs\n+000119b0: 7420 776f 7264 206f 6620 610a 7369 6d70 t word of a.simp\n+000119c0: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206f 7220 7468 le command or th\n+000119d0: 6520 7468 6972 6420 776f 7264 206f 6620 e third word of \n+000119e0: 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 9920 636f 6d6d a ...for... comm\n+000119f0: 616e 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2021 205b 5b20 and:.. ! 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It preser\n+00011c70: 7665 730a 7468 6520 6c69 7465 7261 6c20 ves.the literal \n+00011c80: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206e 6578 value of the nex\n+00011c90: 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 7468 6174 t character that\n+00011ca0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 2c20 7769 7468 2074 follows, with t\n+00011cb0: 6865 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 he exception.of \n+00011cc0: 6e65 776c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2045 6e63 newline... Enc\n+00011cd0: 6c6f 7369 6e67 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 losing character\n+00011ce0: 7320 696e 2073 696e 676c 6520 7175 6f74 s in single quot\n+00011cf0: 6573 2070 7265 7365 7276 6573 2074 6865 es preserves the\n+00011d00: 206c 6974 6572 616c 2076 616c 7565 206f literal value o\n+00011d10: 660a 6561 6368 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 f.each character\n+00011d20: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 7175 6f74 within the quot\n+00011d30: 6573 2e20 2041 2073 696e 676c 6520 7175 es. A single qu\n+00011d40: 6f74 6520 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6f63 6375 ote may not occu\n+00011d50: 7220 6265 7477 6565 6e0a 7369 6e67 6c65 r between.single\n+00011d60: 2071 756f 7465 732c 2065 7665 6e20 7768 quotes, even wh\n+00011d70: 656e 2070 7265 6365 6465 6420 6279 2061 en preceded by a\n+00011d80: 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 backslash... \n+00011d90: 456e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 Enclosing charac\n+00011da0: 7465 7273 2069 6e20 646f 7562 6c65 2071 ters in double q\n+00011db0: 756f 7465 7320 7072 6573 6572 7665 7320 uotes preserves \n+00011dc0: 7468 6520 6c69 7465 7261 6c20 7661 6c75 the literal valu\n+00011dd0: 6520 6f66 0a61 6c6c 2063 6861 7261 6374 e of.all charact\n+00011de0: 6572 7320 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2071 ers within the q\n+00011df0: 756f 7465 732c 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 uotes, with the \n+00011e00: 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 exception of ...\n+00011e10: 24e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 5ce2 8099 $... and ...\\...\n+00011e20: 2e0a 5468 6520 e280 9824 e280 9920 6368 ..The ...$... ch\n+00011e30: 6172 6163 7465 7220 7265 7461 696e 7320 aracter retains \n+00011e40: 6974 7320 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 616e its special mean\n+00011e50: 696e 6720 7769 7468 696e 2064 6f75 626c ing within doubl\n+00011e60: 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e20 2054 6865 0a62 e quotes. The.b\n+00011e70: 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2072 6574 6169 6e73 ackslash retains\n+00011e80: 2069 7473 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 its special mea\n+00011e90: 6e69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2066 ning only when f\n+00011ea0: 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 206f 6e65 206f ollowed by one o\n+00011eb0: 6620 7468 650a 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 f the.following \n+00011ec0: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 3a20 e280 9824 characters: ...$\n+00011ed0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 22e2 8099 2c20 e280 ..., ...\"..., ..\n+00011ee0: 985c e280 992c 206f 7220 6e65 776c 696e .\\..., or newlin\n+00011ef0: 652e 2020 4120 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d e. A backslash-\n+00011f00: 6e65 776c 696e 650a 7061 6972 2069 7320 newline.pair is \n+00011f10: 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2061 206c 696e treated as a lin\n+00011f20: 6520 636f 6e74 696e 7561 7469 6f6e 2028 e continuation (\n+00011f30: 7468 6174 2069 732c 2069 7420 6973 2072 that is, it is r\n+00011f40: 656d 6f76 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a emoved from the.\n+00011f50: 696e 7075 7420 7374 7265 616d 2061 6e64 input stream and\n+00011f60: 2065 6666 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2069 676e effectively ign\n+00011f70: 6f72 6564 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 ored(1) (*note S\n+00011f80: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 650a 7363 7269 7074 hell-like.script\n+00011f90: 696e 672d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a ing-Footnote-1::\n+00011fa0: 2929 2e20 2041 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 )). A double qu\n+00011fb0: 6f74 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2071 756f 7465 ote may be quote\n+00011fc0: 6420 7769 7468 696e 2064 6f75 626c 650a d within double.\n+00011fd0: 7175 6f74 6573 2062 7920 7072 6563 6564 quotes by preced\n+00011fe0: 696e 6720 6974 2077 6974 6820 6120 6261 ing it with a ba\n+00011ff0: 636b 736c 6173 682e 0a0a 5661 7269 6162 ckslash...Variab\n+00012000: 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d le expansion.===\n+00012010: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00012020: 0a54 6865 20e2 8098 24e2 8099 2063 6861 .The ...$... cha\n+00012030: 7261 6374 6572 2069 6e74 726f 6475 6365 racter introduce\n+00012040: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 7870 616e s variable expan\n+00012050: 7369 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 sion. The varia\n+00012060: 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 6f0a 6265 2065 ble name to.be e\n+00012070: 7870 616e 6465 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2065 xpanded may be e\n+00012080: 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 696e 2062 7261 6365 nclosed in brace\n+00012090: 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 7265 206f 7074 s, which are opt\n+000120a0: 696f 6e61 6c20 6275 7420 7365 7276 6520 ional but serve \n+000120b0: 746f 0a70 726f 7465 6374 2074 6865 2076 to.protect the v\n+000120c0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2062 6520 6578 ariable to be ex\n+000120d0: 7061 6e64 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6368 6172 panded from char\n+000120e0: 6163 7465 7273 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 acters immediate\n+000120f0: 6c79 0a66 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7420 ly.following it \n+00012100: 7768 6963 6820 636f 756c 6420 6265 2069 which could be i\n+00012110: 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 7061 nterpreted as pa\n+00012120: 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a rt of the name..\n+00012130: 0a20 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 2076 6172 6961 . Normal varia\n+00012140: 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6265 6769 6e20 ble names begin \n+00012150: 7769 7468 2061 6e20 616c 7068 6162 6574 with an alphabet\n+00012160: 6963 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2c20 666f ic character, fo\n+00012170: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 790a 7a65 726f 206f llowed by.zero o\n+00012180: 7220 6d6f 7265 2061 6c70 6861 6e75 6d65 r more alphanume\n+00012190: 7269 6320 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2e20 ric characters. \n+000121a0: 2054 6865 7365 206e 616d 6573 2072 6566 These names ref\n+000121b0: 6572 2074 6f20 656e 7472 6965 7320 696e er to entries in\n+000121c0: 0a74 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f .the GRUB enviro\n+000121d0: 6e6d 656e 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 nment (*note Env\n+000121e0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 ironment::)... \n+000121f0: 2050 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7661 7269 Positional vari\n+00012200: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2063 6f6e 7369 able names consi\n+00012210: 7374 206f 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 st of one or mor\n+00012220: 6520 6469 6769 7473 2e20 2054 6865 790a e digits. They.\n+00012230: 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 7261 6d65 represent parame\n+00012240: 7465 7273 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f 2066 ters passed to f\n+00012250: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6361 6c6c 732c 2077 unction calls, w\n+00012260: 6974 6820 e280 9824 31e2 8099 2072 6570 ith ...$1... rep\n+00012270: 7265 7365 6e74 696e 670a 7468 6520 6669 resenting.the fi\n+00012280: 7273 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2061 rst parameter, a\n+00012290: 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 nd so on... Th\n+000122a0: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 e special variab\n+000122b0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 e280 983f e280 9920 le name ...?... \n+000122c0: 6578 7061 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 expands to the e\n+000122d0: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 xit status of th\n+000122e0: 6520 6d6f 7374 0a72 6563 656e 746c 7920 e most.recently \n+000122f0: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 executed command\n+00012300: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e . When position\n+00012310: 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 al variable name\n+00012320: 7320 6172 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 s are active,.ot\n+00012330: 6865 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 her special vari\n+00012340: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 20e2 8098 40e2 able names ...@.\n+00012350: 8099 2c20 e280 982a e280 9920 616e 6420 .., ...*... and \n+00012360: e280 9823 e280 9920 6172 6520 6465 6669 ...#... are defi\n+00012370: 6e65 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 0a65 7870 ned and they.exp\n+00012380: 616e 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 6974 and to all posit\n+00012390: 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 ional parameters\n+000123a0: 2077 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 with necessary \n+000123b0: 7175 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 6974 696f quoting, positio\n+000123c0: 6e61 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 nal.parameters w\n+000123d0: 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 756f 7469 ithout any quoti\n+000123e0: 6e67 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 7469 6f6e ng, and position\n+000123f0: 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2063 6f75 al parameter cou\n+00012400: 6e74 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e nt.respectively.\n+00012410: 0a0a 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ..Comments.=====\n+00012420: 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 6265 6769 ===..A word begi\n+00012430: 6e6e 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 23e2 nning with ...#.\n+00012440: 8099 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 2077 .. causes that w\n+00012450: 6f72 6420 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 ord and all rema\n+00012460: 696e 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 ining characters\n+00012470: 0a6f 6e20 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 746f .on that line to\n+00012480: 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 be ignored...Si\n+00012490: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d mple commands.==\n+000124a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 =============..A\n+000124b0: 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 ...simple comma\n+000124c0: 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 2061 2073 6571 7565 nd... is a seque\n+000124d0: 6e63 6520 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2073 6570 nce of words sep\n+000124e0: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 arated by spaces\n+000124f0: 206f 7220 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 or tabs.and ter\n+00012500: 6d69 6e61 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 656d minated by a sem\n+00012510: 6963 6f6c 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 6e65 776c icolon or a newl\n+00012520: 696e 652e 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ine. The first \n+00012530: 776f 7264 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 0a74 word specifies.t\n+00012540: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 he command to be\n+00012550: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 executed. The \n+00012560: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 remaining words \n+00012570: 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2061 7320 6172 are passed as ar\n+00012580: 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 746f 2074 6865 2069 guments.to the i\n+00012590: 6e76 6f6b 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a nvoked command..\n+000125a0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 . The return v\n+000125b0: 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 alue of a simple\n+000125c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6974 7320 command is its \n+000125d0: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 2020 4966 exit status. If\n+000125e0: 2074 6865 0a72 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f the.reserved wo\n+000125f0: 7264 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 2070 7265 6365 rd ...!... prece\n+00012600: 6465 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c des the command,\n+00012610: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e then the return\n+00012620: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 value is instea\n+00012630: 640a 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 6e65 d.the logical ne\n+00012640: 6761 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f gation of the co\n+00012650: 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 mmand's exit sta\n+00012660: 7475 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 tus...Compound c\n+00012670: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ommands.========\n+00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c =========..A ...\n+00012690: 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 compound command\n+000126a0: e280 9d20 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 ... is one of th\n+000126b0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 666f e following:..fo\n+000126c0: 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 574f 5244 202e r NAME in WORD .\n+000126d0: 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e ..; do LIST; don\n+000126e0: 650a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 e. The list \n+000126f0: 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 of words followi\n+00012700: 6e67 20e2 8098 696e e280 9920 6973 2065 ng ...in... is e\n+00012710: 7870 616e 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 xpanded, generat\n+00012720: 696e 6720 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 ing a list of. \n+00012730: 2020 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 items. The v\n+00012740: 6172 6961 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 ariable NAME is \n+00012750: 7365 7420 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d set to each elem\n+00012760: 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 ent of this list\n+00012770: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 in. turn, a\n+00012780: 6e64 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 nd LIST is execu\n+00012790: 7465 6420 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 ted each time. \n+000127a0: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 The return value\n+000127b0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 is the exit. \n+000127c0: 2020 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 status of the \n+000127d0: 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 last command tha\n+000127e0: 7420 6578 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 t executes. If \n+000127f0: 7468 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 the expansion of\n+00012800: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 the. items \n+00012810: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 e280 9869 6ee2 following ...in.\n+00012820: 8099 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 616e .. results in an\n+00012830: 2065 6d70 7479 206c 6973 742c 206e 6f20 empty list, no \n+00012840: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a20 2020 commands are. \n+00012850: 2020 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 616e 6420 executed, and \n+00012860: 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 the return statu\n+00012870: 7320 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 s is 0...if LIST\n+00012880: 3b20 7468 656e 204c 4953 543b 205b 656c ; then LIST; [el\n+00012890: 6966 204c 4953 543b 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 if LIST; then LI\n+000128a0: 5354 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 204c ST;] ... [else L\n+000128b0: 4953 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 2020 5468 IST;] fi. Th\n+000128c0: 6520 e280 9869 66e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 e ...if... LIST \n+000128d0: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2077 6865 is executed, whe\n+000128e0: 7265 204c 4953 5420 6973 2061 2073 6572 re LIST is a ser\n+000128f0: 6965 7320 6f66 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 ies of ...simple\n+00012900: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d . command...\n+00012910: 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 s separated by a\n+00012920: 2022 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 6974 7320 6578 \";\". If its ex\n+00012930: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 it status of the\n+00012940: 206c 6173 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 last. comma\n+00012950: 6e64 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 nd is zero, the \n+00012960: e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 ...then... LIST \n+00012970: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 4f74 is executed. Ot\n+00012980: 6865 7277 6973 652c 2065 6163 680a 2020 herwise, each. \n+00012990: 2020 20e2 8098 656c 6966 e280 9920 4c49 ...elif... LI\n+000129a0: 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 ST is executed i\n+000129b0: 6e20 7475 726e 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2069 n turn, and if i\n+000129c0: 7473 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 ts last command'\n+000129d0: 7320 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 s exit. stat\n+000129e0: 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 us is zero, the \n+000129f0: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e280 corresponding ..\n+00012a00: 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 .then... LIST is\n+00012a10: 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 executed and th\n+00012a20: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 e. command c\n+00012a30: 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e20 204f 7468 6572 ompletes. Other\n+00012a40: 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9865 6c73 wise, the ...els\n+00012a50: 65e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 e... LIST is exe\n+00012a60: 6375 7465 642c 2069 660a 2020 2020 2070 cuted, if. p\n+00012a70: 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 resent. The exi\n+00012a80: 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7468 6520 t status is the \n+00012a90: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 exit status of t\n+00012aa0: 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a he last command.\n+00012ab0: 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 206f executed, o\n+00012ac0: 7220 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e r zero if no con\n+00012ad0: 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 7465 6420 7472 dition tested tr\n+00012ae0: 7565 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 2043 4f4e 443b ue...while COND;\n+00012af0: 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a75 do LIST; done.u\n+00012b00: 6e74 696c 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 ntil COND; do LI\n+00012b10: 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ST; done. Th\n+00012b20: 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f e ...while... co\n+00012b30: 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6e74 696e 756f 7573 mmand continuous\n+00012b40: 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 ly executes the \n+00012b50: e280 9864 6fe2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6173 ...do... LIST as\n+00012b60: 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 2020 2020 7468 long as. th\n+00012b70: 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 e last command i\n+00012b80: 6e20 434f 4e44 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2061 n COND returns a\n+00012b90: 6e20 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 n exit status of\n+00012ba0: 207a 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 7265 2043 4f4e zero, where CON\n+00012bb0: 440a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 D. is a list\n+00012bc0: 206f 6620 e280 9c73 696d 706c 6520 636f of ...simple co\n+00012bd0: 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 mmand...s separa\n+00012be0: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2054 ted by a \";\". T\n+00012bf0: 6865 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 0a20 he ...until.... \n+00012c00: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2069 command is i\n+00012c10: 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 7468 6520 dentical to the \n+00012c20: e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ...while... comm\n+00012c30: 616e 642c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 and, except that\n+00012c40: 2074 6865 2074 6573 740a 2020 2020 2069 the test. i\n+00012c50: 7320 6e65 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 20e2 s negated; the .\n+00012c60: 8098 646f e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 ..do... LIST is \n+00012c70: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 executed as long\n+00012c80: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d as the last com\n+00012c90: 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2043 4f4e mand. in CON\n+00012ca0: 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d D returns a non-\n+00012cb0: 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 zero exit status\n+00012cc0: 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 . The exit stat\n+00012cd0: 7573 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 us of the. .\n+00012ce0: 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 ..while... and .\n+00012cf0: 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..until... comma\n+00012d00: 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 nds is the exit \n+00012d10: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 status of the la\n+00012d20: 7374 20e2 8098 646f e280 990a 2020 2020 st ...do.... \n+00012d30: 204c 4953 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 LIST command ex\n+00012d40: 6563 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 ecuted, or zero \n+00012d50: 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 if none was exec\n+00012d60: 7574 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 uted...function \n+00012d70: 4e41 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 NAME { COMMAND; \n+00012d80: 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ... }. This \n+00012d90: 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 defines a functi\n+00012da0: 6f6e 206e 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 on named NAME. \n+00012db0: 5468 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 79e2 809d 206f The ...body... o\n+00012dc0: 6620 7468 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 f the function i\n+00012dd0: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 s. the list \n+00012de0: 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 7468 of commands with\n+00012df0: 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2065 6163 6820 in braces, each \n+00012e00: 6f66 2077 6869 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 of which must be\n+00012e10: 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 . terminated\n+00012e20: 2077 6974 6820 6120 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f with a semicolo\n+00012e30: 6e20 6f72 2061 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 n or a newline. \n+00012e40: 2054 6869 7320 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f This list of co\n+00012e50: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c mmands. will\n+00012e60: 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2077 6865 be executed whe\n+00012e70: 6e65 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7370 never NAME is sp\n+00012e80: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2074 6865 206e ecified as the n\n+00012e90: 616d 6520 6f66 2061 2073 696d 706c 650a ame of a simple.\n+00012ea0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 command. F\n+00012eb0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 7469 unction definiti\n+00012ec0: 6f6e 7320 646f 206e 6f74 2061 6666 6563 ons do not affec\n+00012ed0: 7420 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 t the exit statu\n+00012ee0: 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 3fe2 s in. ...$?.\n+00012ef0: 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 ... When execut\n+00012f00: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 ed, the exit sta\n+00012f10: 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f tus of a functio\n+00012f20: 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 740a 2020 n is the exit. \n+00012f30: 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 status of the\n+00012f40: 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 last command ex\n+00012f50: 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f ecuted in the bo\n+00012f60: 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 dy...menuentry T\n+00012f70: 4954 4c45 205b e280 982d 2d63 6c61 7373 ITLE [...--class\n+00012f80: 3d63 6c61 7373 e280 9920 2e2e 2e5d 205b =class... ...] [\n+00012f90: e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 ...--users=users\n+00012fa0: e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 ...] [...--unres\n+00012fb0: 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 5d20 5be2 8098 tricted...] [...\n+00012fc0: 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 e280 995d --hotkey=key...]\n+00012fd0: 205b e280 982d 2d69 643d 6964 e280 995d [...--id=id...]\n+00012fe0: 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 { COMMAND; ... \n+00012ff0: 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 206d 656e }. *Note men\n+00013000: 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 6c74 uentry::...Built\n+00013010: 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d -in Commands.===\n+00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00013030: 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 636f Some built-in co\n+00013040: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 mmands are also \n+00013050: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 provided by GRUB\n+00013060: 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 656c 7020 script to help \n+00013070: 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 7273 2070 script.writers p\n+00013080: 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f 6e73 2074 erform actions t\n+00013090: 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 7277 6973 hat are otherwis\n+000130a0: 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 e not possible. \n+000130b0: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 7468 For example,.th\n+000130c0: 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 636f 6d6d ese include comm\n+000130d0: 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f 7574 ands to jump out\n+000130e0: 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 686f of a loop witho\n+000130f0: 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 ut fully complet\n+00013100: 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 6272 ing.it, etc...br\n+00013110: 6561 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 eak [...n...]. \n+00013120: 2020 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 Exit from wit\n+00013130: 6869 6e20 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c hin a ...for...,\n+00013140: 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 ...while..., or\n+00013150: 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f ...until... loo\n+00013160: 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 p. If ...n... i\n+00013170: 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 s. specified\n+00013180: 2c20 6272 6561 6b20 e280 986e e280 9920 , break ...n... \n+00013190: 6c65 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 levels. ...n...\n+000131a0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 must be greater\n+000131b0: 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 than or equal t\n+000131c0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 2049 6620 e280 o. 1. If ..\n+000131d0: 986e e280 9920 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 .n... is greater\n+000131e0: 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 than the number\n+000131f0: 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f of enclosing lo\n+00013200: 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 656e ops, all. en\n+00013210: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 closing loops ar\n+00013220: 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2072 e exited. The r\n+00013230: 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2030 eturn value is 0\n+00013240: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 986e e280 9920 unless ...n... \n+00013250: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 is. not grea\n+00013260: 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 ter than or equa\n+00013270: 6c20 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 l to 1...continu\n+00013280: 6520 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 e [...n...]. \n+00013290: 2052 6573 756d 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7874 Resume the next\n+000132a0: 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 iteration of th\n+000132b0: 6520 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 e280 9866 e enclosing ...f\n+000132c0: 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 or..., ...while.\n+000132d0: 8099 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 756e .. or. ...un\n+000132e0: 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 til... loop. If\n+000132f0: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 7370 6563 ...n... is spec\n+00013300: 6966 6965 642c 2072 6573 756d 6520 6174 ified, resume at\n+00013310: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 7468 2065 the ...n...th e\n+00013320: 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f nclosing. lo\n+00013330: 6f70 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 op. ...n... mus\n+00013340: 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 t be greater tha\n+00013350: 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e n or equal to 1.\n+00013360: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 If ...n... is \n+00013370: 6772 6561 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 greater. tha\n+00013380: 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 n the number of \n+00013390: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c enclosing loops,\n+000133a0: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 the last enclos\n+000133b0: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 ing loop (the. \n+000133c0: 2020 20e2 809c 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6ce2 ...top-level.\n+000133d0: 809d 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 7265 7375 .. loop) is resu\n+000133e0: 6d65 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e med. The return\n+000133f0: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 3020 756e 6c65 value is 0 unle\n+00013400: 7373 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 ss ...n... is. \n+00013410: 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 not greater t\n+00013420: 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 han or equal to \n+00013430: 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e 205b e280 986e 1...return [...n\n+00013440: e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 7573 6573 ...]. Causes\n+00013450: 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2065 a function to e\n+00013460: 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 6574 xit with the ret\n+00013470: 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 6563 6966 urn value specif\n+00013480: 6965 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2e0a ied by ...n.....\n+00013490: 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 If ...n... \n+000134a0: 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 6520 is omitted, the \n+000134b0: 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 return status is\n+000134c0: 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 that of the las\n+000134d0: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 t command. e\n+000134e0: 7865 6375 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 xecuted in the f\n+000134f0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 2049 unction body. I\n+00013500: 6620 7573 6564 206f 7574 7369 6465 2061 f used outside a\n+00013510: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 function the. \n+00013520: 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7374 6174 7573 return status\n+00013530: 2069 7320 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 is false...setp\n+00013540: 6172 616d 7320 5be2 8098 6172 67e2 8099 arams [...arg...\n+00013550: 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6570 6c61 ] .... Repla\n+00013560: 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 ce positional pa\n+00013570: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 7461 7274 696e rameters startin\n+00013580: 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2431 e280 9920 g with ...$1... \n+00013590: 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 with arguments t\n+000135a0: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6172 o. ...setpar\n+000135b0: 616d 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b ams......shift [\n+000135c0: e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ...n...]. Th\n+000135d0: 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 e positional par\n+000135e0: 616d 6574 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 ameters from ...\n+000135f0: 6ee2 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 7265 2072 n...+1 ... are r\n+00013600: 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 enamed to ...$1.\n+00013610: 8099 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5061 7261 ....... Para\n+00013620: 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 meters represent\n+00013630: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 ed by the number\n+00013640: 7320 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2064 6f77 6e20 s ...$#... down \n+00013650: 746f 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992d e280 986e to ...$#...-...n\n+00013660: e280 992b 3120 6172 650a 2020 2020 2075 ...+1 are. u\n+00013670: 6e73 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d nset. ...n... m\n+00013680: 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e 6567 ust be a non-neg\n+00013690: 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206c 6573 ative number les\n+000136a0: 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 s than or equal \n+000136b0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 23e2 8099 to. ...$#...\n+000136c0: 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 . If ...n... is\n+000136d0: 2030 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 0, no parameter\n+000136e0: 7320 6172 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 s are changed. \n+000136f0: 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6e6f If ...n... is no\n+00013700: 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 t. given, it\n+00013710: 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 is assumed to b\n+00013720: 6520 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 e 1. If ...n...\n+00013730: 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e is greater than\n+00013740: 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992c 2074 6865 0a20 ...$#..., the. \n+00013750: 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 positional p\n+00013760: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f arameters are no\n+00013770: 7420 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 t changed. The \n+00013780: 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 return status is\n+00013790: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 . greater th\n+000137a0: 616e 207a 6572 6f20 6966 20e2 8098 6ee2 an zero if ...n.\n+000137b0: 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 .. is greater th\n+000137c0: 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 9920 6f72 206c an ...$#... or l\n+000137d0: 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f3b 0a20 ess than zero;. \n+000137e0: 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 302e otherwise 0.\n+000137f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00013800: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c nfo, Node: Shel\n+00013810: 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l-like scripting\n+00013820: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a -Footnotes, Up:\n+00013830: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 Shell-like scri\n+00013840: 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 pting.. (1) Cu\n+00013850: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 6261 636b 736c rrently a backsl\n+00013860: 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e 6520 7061 6972 ash-newline pair\n+00013870: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 7661 7269 6162 within a variab\n+00013880: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 206e 6f74 0a68 le name is not.h\n+00013890: 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f 7065 726c 792c andled properly,\n+000138a0: 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6973 2066 6561 so use this fea\n+000138b0: 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 736f 6d65 2063 ture with some c\n+000138c0: 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 are.....File: gr\n+000138d0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000138e0: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n+000138f0: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a l config, Next:\n+00013900: 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 Embedded config\n+00013910: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 uration, Prev: \n+00013920: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n+00013930: 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 ting, Up: Confi\n+00013940: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3420 4d75 guration..6.4 Mu\n+00013950: 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 lti-boot manual \n+00013960: 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d config.=========\n+00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00013980: 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 ===..Currently a\n+00013990: 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f utogenerating co\n+000139a0: 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 2066 6f72 206d nfig files for m\n+000139b0: 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f ulti-boot enviro\n+000139c0: 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 656e 6473 206f nments.depends o\n+000139d0: 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 616e 6420 n os-prober and \n+000139e0: 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7368 6f72 has several shor\n+000139f0: 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 2044 7565 2074 tcomings. Due t\n+00013a00: 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 0a64 6973 o that it is.dis\n+00013a10: 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 abled by default\n+00013a20: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 6476 6973 6564 . It is advised\n+00013a30: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 706f 7765 to use the powe\n+00013a40: 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 7379 6e74 6178 r of GRUB syntax\n+00013a50: 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 6f75 7273 and.do it yours\n+00013a60: 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f 7373 6962 6c65 elf. A possible\n+00013a70: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 configuration i\n+00013a80: 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 2068 6572 652c s detailed here,\n+00013a90: 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 2074 6f0a 6164 feel free to.ad\n+00013aa0: 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f 7572 206e 6565 just to your nee\n+00013ab0: 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 6372 ds... First cr\n+00013ac0: 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 eate a separate \n+00013ad0: 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 GRUB partition, \n+00013ae0: 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f big enough to ho\n+00013af0: 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 6f6d 650a 6f66 ld GRUB. Some.of\n+00013b00: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 the following e\n+00013b10: 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f 7720 686f 7720 ntries show how \n+00013b20: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 to load OS insta\n+00013b30: 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6672 6f6d ller images from\n+00013b40: 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 2070 6172 7469 this.same parti\n+00013b50: 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 7468 6174 2079 tion, for that y\n+00013b60: 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 6c79 206e 6565 ou obviously nee\n+00013b70: 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 d to make the pa\n+00013b80: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 650a 656e rtition large.en\n+00013b90: 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2074 686f ough to hold tho\n+00013ba0: 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6173 2077 656c se images as wel\n+00013bb0: 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 6973 2070 l. Mount this p\n+00013bc0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f 6d6e 742f artition on/mnt/\n+00013bd0: 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 6162 6c65 boot.and disable\n+00013be0: 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 6c6c 204f 5365 GRUB in all OSe\n+00013bf0: 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 s and manually i\n+00013c00: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c 662d 636f 6d70 nstall self-comp\n+00013c10: 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 740a 4752 5542 iled latest.GRUB\n+00013c20: 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 with:.. ...gr\n+00013c30: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f ub-install --boo\n+00013c40: 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 t-directory=/mnt\n+00013c50: 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 /boot /dev/sda..\n+00013c60: 990a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 ... In all the\n+00013c70: 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 OSes install GR\n+00013c80: 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 2064 6973 UB tools but dis\n+00013c90: 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 able installing \n+00013ca0: 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 6374 GRUB in.bootsect\n+00013cb0: 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6861 or, so you'll ha\n+00013cc0: 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 616e 6420 ve menu.lst and \n+00013cd0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 696c 6162 grub.cfg availab\n+00013ce0: 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a 416c 736f le for use..Also\n+00013cf0: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d 7072 6f62 disable os-prob\n+00013d00: 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e er use by settin\n+00013d10: 673a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 g:.. ...GRUB_D\n+00013d20: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 ISABLE_OS_PROBER\n+00013d30: 3d74 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 =true..... in \n+00013d40: 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 /etc/default/gru\n+00013d50: 620a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 b.. Then write\n+00013d60: 2061 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e a grub.cfg (/mn\n+00013d70: 742f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 t/boot/grub/grub\n+00013d80: 2e63 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 .cfg):... me\n+00013d90: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e nuentry \"OS usin\n+00013da0: 6720 6772 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 g grub2\" {. \n+00013db0: 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 insmod xfs. \n+00013dc0: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n+00013dd0: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n+00013de0: 4f53 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d OS1 --hint hd0,m\n+00013df0: 7364 6f73 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f sdos8. co\n+00013e00: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 nfigfile /boot/g\n+00013e10: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 rub/grub.cfg. \n+00013e20: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e }.. menuen\n+00013e30: 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 try \"OS using gr\n+00013e40: 7562 322d 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 ub2-legacy\" {. \n+00013e50: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 insmod ext\n+00013e60: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 2. search\n+00013e70: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n+00013e80: 6265 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 bel OS2 --hint h\n+00013e90: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos6. \n+00013ea0: 2020 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 legacy_configf\n+00013eb0: 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d ile /boot/grub/m\n+00013ec0: 656e 752e 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a enu.lst. }..\n+00013ed0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n+00013ee0: 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 Windows XP\" {. \n+00013ef0: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 insmod ntf\n+00013f00: 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 s. search\n+00013f10: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n+00013f20: 6265 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d bel WINDOWS_XP -\n+00013f30: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 -hint hd0,msdos1\n+00013f40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f . ntldr /\n+00013f50: 6e74 6c64 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 ntldr. }.. \n+00013f60: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 menuentry \"Wi\n+00013f70: 6e64 6f77 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 ndows 7\" {. \n+00013f80: 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 insmod ntfs. \n+00013f90: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d search --\n+00013fa0: 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c set=root --label\n+00013fb0: 2057 494e 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e WINDOWS_7 --hin\n+00013fc0: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos2. \n+00013fd0: 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 ntldr /boot\n+00013fe0: 6d67 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 mgr. }.. \n+00013ff0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 menuentry \"Free\n+00014000: 4253 4422 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD\" {. \n+00014010: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 insmod zfs\n+00014020: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00014030: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n+00014040: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f t --label freepo\n+00014050: 6f6c 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 ol --hint hd0,ms\n+00014060: 646f 7337 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dos7. \n+00014070: 2020 2020 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f 6672 kfreebsd /fr\n+00014080: 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e eebsd@/boot/kern\n+00014090: 656c 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 el/kernel. \n+000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 kfreebs\n+000140b0: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 d_module_elf /fr\n+000140c0: 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e eebsd@/boot/kern\n+000140d0: 656c 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 2e6b el/opensolaris.k\n+000140e0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n+000140f0: 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 kfreebsd_module\n+00014100: 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 _elf /freebsd@/b\n+00014110: 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 2e6b oot/kernel/zfs.k\n+00014120: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n+00014130: 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 kfreebsd_module\n+00014140: 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f /freebsd@/boot/\n+00014150: 7a66 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 6520 zfs/zpool.cache \n+00014160: 7479 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 2f7a type=/boot/zfs/z\n+00014170: 706f 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 2020 2020 pool.cache. \n+00014180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 set kF\n+00014190: 7265 6542 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f 742e reeBSD.vfs.root.\n+000141a0: 6d6f 756e 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a 6672 mountfrom=zfs:fr\n+000141b0: 6565 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 7364 0a20 eepool/freebsd. \n+000141c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n+000141d0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e68 772e 7073 t kFreeBSD.hw.ps\n+000141e0: 6d2e 7379 6e61 7074 6963 735f 7375 7070 m.synaptics_supp\n+000141f0: 6f72 743d 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 ort=1. }.. \n+00014200: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 6578 menuentry \"ex\n+00014210: 7065 7269 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 5255 4222 perimental GRUB\"\n+00014220: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+00014230: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n+00014240: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 oot --label GRUB\n+00014250: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n+00014260: 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s5. \n+00014270: 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 7870 multiboot /exp\n+00014280: 6572 696d 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 2f69 erimental/grub/i\n+00014290: 3338 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 652e 696d 670a 386-pc/core.img.\n+000142a0: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n+000142b0: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2031 uentry \"Fedora 1\n+000142c0: 3620 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7222 207b 0a20 6 installer\" {. \n+000142d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n+000142e0: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n+000142f0: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 --label GRUB --h\n+00014300: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 int hd0,msdos5. \n+00014310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 li\n+00014320: 6e75 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 612f 766d 6c69 nux /fedora/vmli\n+00014330: 6e75 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b nuz lang=en_US k\n+00014340: 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 eymap=sg resolut\n+00014350: 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 ion=1280x800. \n+00014360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 init\n+00014370: 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 rd /fedora/initr\n+00014380: 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 d.img. }.. \n+00014390: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 menuentry \"Fe\n+000143a0: 646f 7261 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 6e73 dora rawhide ins\n+000143b0: 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 taller\" {. \n+000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 search \n+000143d0: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 --set=root --lab\n+000143e0: 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 el GRUB --hint h\n+000143f0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos5. \n+00014400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f linux /\n+00014410: 6665 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 fedora/vmlinuz r\n+00014420: 6570 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 6f72 epo=ftp://mirror\n+00014430: 2e73 7769 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 726f .switch.ch/mirro\n+00014440: 722f 6665 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 r/fedora/linux/d\n+00014450: 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 6869 evelopment/rawhi\n+00014460: 6465 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 3d65 de/x86_64 lang=e\n+00014470: 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 n_US keymap=sg r\n+00014480: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 esolution=1280x8\n+00014490: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 00. \n+000144a0: 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 initrd /fedora\n+000144b0: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 /initrd.img. \n+000144c0: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+000144d0: 7279 2022 4465 6269 616e 2073 6964 2069 ry \"Debian sid i\n+000144e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 nstaller\" {. \n+000144f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 searc\n+00014500: 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c h --set=root --l\n+00014510: 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 abel GRUB --hint\n+00014520: 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 hd0,msdos5. \n+00014530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 linux\n+00014540: 202f 6465 6269 616e 2f64 6973 7473 2f73 /debian/dists/s\n+00014550: 6964 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 616c 6c65 id/main/installe\n+00014560: 722d 616d 6436 342f 6375 7272 656e 742f r-amd64/current/\n+00014570: 696d 6167 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 612f images/hd-media/\n+00014580: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 vmlinuz. \n+00014590: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2f64 initrd /d\n+000145a0: 6562 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 732f 7369 642f ebian/dists/sid/\n+000145b0: 6d61 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2d61 main/installer-a\n+000145c0: 6d64 3634 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 6d61 md64/current/ima\n+000145d0: 6765 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 6e69 ges/hd-media/ini\n+000145e0: 7472 642e 677a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a0a trd.gz. }...\n+000145f0: 2020 204e 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 Notes:. ...\n+00014600: 2041 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2073 6561 Argument to sea\n+00014610: 7263 6820 6166 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 656c rch after -label\n+00014620: 2069 7320 4653 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f is FS LABEL. Yo\n+00014630: 7520 6361 6e20 616c 736f 2075 7365 2055 u can also use U\n+00014640: 5549 4473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 202d UIDs. with -\n+00014650: 6673 2d75 7569 6420 5555 4944 2069 6e73 fs-uuid UUID ins\n+00014660: 7465 6164 206f 6620 2d6c 6162 656c 204c tead of -label L\n+00014670: 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 636f 756c 6420 ABEL. You could \n+00014680: 616c 736f 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6469 also use. di\n+00014690: 7265 6374 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d68 6430 rect ...root=hd0\n+000146a0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 58e2 8099 2062 7574 2074 ,msdosX... but t\n+000146b0: 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d his is not recom\n+000146c0: 6d65 6e64 6564 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6465 mended due to de\n+000146d0: 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 2069 vice. name i\n+000146e0: 6e73 7461 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nstability.....F\n+000146f0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00014700: 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 Node: Embedded \n+00014710: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 configuration, \n+00014720: 5072 6576 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 Prev: Multi-boot\n+00014730: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 manual config, \n+00014740: 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 Up: Configurati\n+00014750: 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3520 456d 6265 6464 696e on..6.5 Embeddin\n+00014760: 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f g a configuratio\n+00014770: 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 n file into GRUB\n+00014780: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 00014790: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 =========..GRUB \n-000147b0: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 supports embeddi\n-000147c0: 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ng a configurati\n-000147d0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 on file directly\n-000147e0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 into the core.i\n-000147f0: 6d61 6765 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 mage, so that it\n-00014800: 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6566 6f72 is loaded befor\n-00014810: 6520 656e 7465 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 e entering norma\n-00014820: 6c20 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 l mode. This is\n-00014830: 0a75 7365 6675 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 .useful, for exa\n-00014840: 6d70 6c65 2c20 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 mple, when it is\n-00014850: 206e 6f74 2073 7472 6169 6768 7466 6f72 not straightfor\n-00014860: 7761 7264 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 ward to find the\n-00014870: 2072 6561 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 real.configurat\n-00014880: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 ion file, or whe\n-00014890: 6e20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 n you need to de\n-000148a0: 6275 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 bug problems wit\n-000148b0: 6820 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 6174 0a66 h loading that.f\n-000148c0: 696c 652e 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e ile. ...grub-in\n-000148d0: 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 stall... uses th\n-000148e0: 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6865 6e20 is feature when \n-000148f0: 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 it is not using \n-00014900: 4249 4f53 2064 6973 6b0a 6675 6e63 7469 BIOS disk.functi\n-00014910: 6f6e 7320 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 ons or when inst\n-00014920: 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6469 6666 alling to a diff\n-00014930: 6572 656e 7420 6469 736b 2066 726f 6d20 erent disk from \n-00014940: 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 the one containi\n-00014950: 6e67 0ae2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ng..../boot/grub\n-00014960: e280 992c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 ..., in which ca\n-00014970: 7365 2069 7420 6e65 6564 7320 746f 2075 se it needs to u\n-00014980: 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 se the ...search\n-00014990: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ... command (*no\n-000149a0: 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 te.search::) to \n-000149b0: 6669 6e64 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 find .../boot/gr\n-000149c0: 7562 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 656d ub...... To em\n-000149d0: 6265 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 bed a configurat\n-000149e0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 7468 ion file, use th\n-000149f0: 6520 e280 982d 63e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-c... optio\n-00014a00: 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 n to ...grub-mki\n-00014a10: 6d61 6765 e280 992e 0a54 6865 2066 696c mage.....The fil\n-00014a20: 6520 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 696e 746f e is copied into\n-00014a30: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 652c the core image,\n-00014a40: 2073 6f20 6974 206d 6179 2072 6573 6964 so it may resid\n-00014a50: 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 e anywhere on th\n-00014a60: 650a 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2061 e.file system, a\n-00014a70: 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 nd may be remove\n-00014a80: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 d after running \n-00014a90: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 ...grub-mkimage.\n-00014aa0: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 7468 ..... After th\n-00014ab0: 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 e embedded confi\n-00014ac0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 2869 guration file (i\n-00014ad0: 6620 616e 7929 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 f any) is execut\n-00014ae0: 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 6c6f ed, GRUB will.lo\n-00014af0: 6164 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c ad the ...normal\n-00014b00: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 ... module (*not\n-00014b10: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 6869 e normal::), whi\n-00014b20: 6368 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2072 6561 ch will then rea\n-00014b30: 6420 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 d the real.confi\n-00014b40: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6672 guration file fr\n-00014b50: 6f6d 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 om ...$prefix/gr\n-00014b60: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 4279 2074 ub.cfg.... By t\n-00014b70: 6869 7320 706f 696e 742c 2074 6865 20e2 his point, the .\n-00014b80: 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a 7661 7269 6162 ..root....variab\n-00014b90: 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f 2068 6176 le will also hav\n-00014ba0: 6520 6265 656e 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 e been set to th\n-00014bb0: 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 e root device na\n-00014bc0: 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 me. For example\n-00014bd0: 2c0a e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d ,....prefix... m\n-00014be0: 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 ight be set to .\n-00014bf0: 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 ..(hd0,1)/boot/g\n-00014c00: 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9872 rub..., and ...r\n-00014c10: 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 oot... might be \n-00014c20: 7365 7420 746f 0ae2 8098 6864 302c 31e2 set to....hd0,1.\n-00014c30: 8099 2e20 2054 6875 732c 2069 6e20 6d6f ... Thus, in mo\n-00014c40: 7374 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 656d st cases, the em\n-00014c50: 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 bedded configura\n-00014c60: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 6c79 0a6e tion file only.n\n-00014c70: 6565 6473 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 eeds to set the \n-00014c80: e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2061 6e64 ...prefix... and\n-00014c90: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 7661 7269 ...root... vari\n-00014ca0: 6162 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 ables, and then \n-00014cb0: 6472 6f70 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6f0a drop through to.\n-00014cc0: 4752 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7072 GRUB's normal pr\n-00014cd0: 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 7970 ocessing. A typ\n-00014ce0: 6963 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 ical example of \n-00014cf0: 7468 6973 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 this might look \n-00014d00: 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like.this:.. \n-00014d10: 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 6420 search.fs_uuid \n-00014d20: 3031 3233 3435 3637 2d38 3961 622d 6364 01234567-89ab-cd\n-00014d30: 6566 2d30 3132 332d 3435 3637 3839 6162 ef-0123-456789ab\n-00014d40: 6364 6566 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 cdef root. s\n-00014d50: 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 et prefix=($root\n-00014d60: 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 )/boot/grub.. \n-00014d70: 2854 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 5f66 (The ...search_f\n-00014d80: 735f 7575 6964 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 s_uuid... module\n-00014d90: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 must be include\n-00014da0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d d in the core im\n-00014db0: 6167 6520 666f 720a 7468 6973 2065 7861 age for.this exa\n-00014dc0: 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2e29 0a0a mple to work.)..\n-00014dd0: 2020 2049 6e20 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c In more compl\n-00014de0: 6578 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6974 206d 6179 ex cases, it may\n-00014df0: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 7265 be useful to re\n-00014e00: 6164 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ad other configu\n-00014e10: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6573 2064 6972 ration.files dir\n-00014e20: 6563 746c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 ectly from the e\n-00014e30: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n-00014e40: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6869 ation file. Thi\n-00014e50: 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 7563 680a 7468 s allows such.th\n-00014e60: 696e 6773 2061 7320 7265 6164 696e 6720 ings as reading \n-00014e70: 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 6361 6c6c 6564 files not called\n-00014e80: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c ...grub.cfg...,\n-00014e90: 206f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 or reading file\n-00014ea0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 6972 6563 746f s from a.directo\n-00014eb0: 7279 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 ry other than th\n-00014ec0: 6174 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4227 7320 at where GRUB's \n-00014ed0: 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 loadable modules\n-00014ee0: 2061 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2e0a are installed..\n-00014ef0: 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 696e 636c To do this, incl\n-00014f00: 7564 6520 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 ude the ...confi\n-00014f10: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 gfile... and ...\n-00014f20: 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 normal... module\n-00014f30: 7320 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d s in the core.im\n-00014f40: 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 age, and embed a\n-00014f50: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-00014f60: 696c 6520 7468 6174 2075 7365 7320 7468 ile that uses th\n-00014f70: 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 e ...configfile.\n-00014f80: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a74 6f20 6c6f .. command.to lo\n-00014f90: 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c 652e ad another file.\n-00014fa0: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 The following \n-00014fb0: 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 example of this \n-00014fc0: 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 7468 also requires th\n-00014fd0: 650a e280 9865 6368 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 e....echo..., ..\n-00014fe0: 9873 6561 7263 685f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 .search_label...\n-00014ff0: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9874 6573 74e2 8099 , and ...test...\n-00015000: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6265 2069 modules to be i\n-00015010: 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 ncluded in the c\n-00015020: 6f72 650a 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 ore.image:.. \n-00015030: 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c search.fs_label\n-00015040: 2067 7275 6220 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 grub root. \n-00015050: 6966 205b 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 if [ -e /boot/gr\n-00015060: 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 ub/example/test1\n-00015070: 2e63 6667 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 .cfg ]; then. \n-00015080: 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 set prefix\n-00015090: 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 =($root)/boot/gr\n-000150a0: 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 ub. conf\n-000150b0: 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 igfile /boot/gru\n-000150c0: 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 312e b/example/test1.\n-000150d0: 6366 670a 2020 2020 2065 6c73 650a 2020 cfg. else. \n-000150e0: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f if [ -e /\n-000150f0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c boot/grub/exampl\n-00015100: 652f 7465 7374 322e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 e/test2.cfg ]; t\n-00015110: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hen. \n-00015120: 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f set prefix=($ro\n-00015130: 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 ot)/boot/grub. \n-00015140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 confi\n-00015150: 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 gfile /boot/grub\n-00015160: 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 /example/test2.c\n-00015170: 6667 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 7365 fg. else\n-00015180: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 . ec\n-00015190: 686f 2022 436f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6669 ho \"Could not fi\n-000151a0: 6e64 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 6520 636f nd an example co\n-000151b0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-000151c0: 2122 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 0a20 !\". fi. \n-000151d0: 2020 2020 6669 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 fi.. The e\n-000151e0: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n-000151f0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206d 6179 206e ation file may n\n-00015200: 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206d 656e 7520 ot contain menu \n-00015210: 656e 7472 6965 730a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 entries.directly\n-00015220: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2072 , but may only r\n-00015230: 6561 6420 7468 656d 2066 726f 6d20 656c ead them from el\n-00015240: 7365 7768 6572 6520 7573 696e 6720 e280 sewhere using ..\n-00015250: 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a .configfile.....\n-00015260: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00015270: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 6865 6d65 fo, Node: Theme\n-00015280: 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 204e file format, N\n-00015290: 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 2050 ext: Network, P\n-000152a0: 7265 763a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 rev: Configurati\n-000152b0: 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3720 on, Up: Top..7 \n-000152c0: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n-000152d0: 740a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a t.**************\n-000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 2e31 2049 6e74 726f *****..7.1 Intro\n-000152f0: 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d duction.========\n-00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 ========..The GR\n-00015310: 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e UB graphical men\n-00015320: 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 6d65 u supports theme\n-00015330: 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e 2063 7573 746f s that can custo\n-00015340: 6d69 7a65 2074 6865 206c 6179 6f75 740a mize the layout.\n-00015350: 616e 6420 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f and appearance o\n-00015360: 6620 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 f the GRUB boot \n-00015370: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2054 6865 2074 6865 6d65 menu. The theme\n-00015380: 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2074 is configured t\n-00015390: 6872 6f75 6768 2061 0a70 6c61 696e 2074 hrough a.plain t\n-000153a0: 6578 7420 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 7370 ext file that sp\n-000153b0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6c61 796f ecifies the layo\n-000153c0: 7574 206f 6620 7468 6520 7661 7269 6f75 ut of the variou\n-000153d0: 7320 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 s GUI components\n-000153e0: 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 6520 .(including the \n-000153f0: 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752c 2074 696d 656f boot menu, timeo\n-00015400: 7574 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722c ut progress bar,\n-00015410: 2061 6e64 2074 6578 7420 6d65 7373 6167 and text messag\n-00015420: 6573 2920 6173 0a77 656c 6c20 6173 2074 es) as.well as t\n-00015430: 6865 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 6520 7573 he appearance us\n-00015440: 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 666f 6e74 ing colors, font\n-00015450: 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 732e 2020 s, and images. \n-00015460: 4578 616d 706c 6520 6973 0a61 7661 696c Example is.avail\n-00015470: 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 646f 6373 2f65 7861 able in docs/exa\n-00015480: 6d70 6c65 5f74 6865 6d65 2e74 7874 0a0a mple_theme.txt..\n-00015490: 372e 3220 5468 656d 6520 456c 656d 656e 7.2 Theme Elemen\n-000154a0: 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ts.=============\n-000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 2e32 2e31 2043 6f6c =====..7.2.1 Col\n-000154c0: 6f72 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ors.------------\n-000154d0: 0a0a 436f 6c6f 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 ..Colors can be \n-000154e0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2073 6576 specified in sev\n-000154f0: 6572 616c 2077 6179 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 eral ways:.. .\n-00015500: 80a2 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 796c 6520 2223 .. HTML-style \"#\n-00015510: 5252 4747 4242 2220 6f72 2022 2352 4742 RRGGBB\" or \"#RGB\n-00015520: 2220 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7768 6572 6520 \" format, where \n-00015530: 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 616e 6420 2a42 *R*, *G*, and *B\n-00015540: 2a20 6172 650a 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 * are. hexad\n-00015550: 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7320 2865 ecimal digits (e\n-00015560: 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 3946 4622 290a .g., \"#8899FF\").\n-00015570: 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 7320 636f 6d6d 612d ... as comma-\n-00015580: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 separated decima\n-00015590: 6c20 5247 4220 7661 6c75 6573 2028 652e l RGB values (e.\n-000155a0: 672e 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 3132 382c 2032 g., \"128, 128, 2\n-000155b0: 3535 2229 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7769 7468 55\"). ... with\n-000155c0: 2022 5356 4720 312e 3020 636f 6c6f 7220 \"SVG 1.0 color \n-000155d0: 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2263 names\" (e.g., \"c\n-000155e0: 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 6522 2920 ornflowerblue\") \n-000155f0: 7768 6963 6820 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 which must be. \n-00015600: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 specified in \n-00015610: 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 652e 0a0a 372e 322e lowercase...7.2.\n-00015620: 3220 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2 Fonts.--------\n-00015630: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e 7473 2047 ---..The fonts G\n-00015640: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2022 5046 4632 2066 RUB uses \"PFF2 f\n-00015650: 6f6e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2220 6269 746d ont format\" bitm\n-00015660: 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 6f6e 7473 ap fonts. Fonts\n-00015670: 2061 7265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 are.specified w\n-00015680: 6974 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e 7420 6e61 ith full font na\n-00015690: 6d65 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 mes. Currently \n-000156a0: 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7072 6f76 there is no prov\n-000156b0: 6973 696f 6e20 666f 7220 610a 7072 6566 ision for a.pref\n-000156c0: 6572 656e 6365 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 erence list of f\n-000156d0: 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 6976 696e onts, or derivin\n-000156e0: 6720 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 g one font from \n-000156f0: 616e 6f74 6865 722e 2020 466f 6e74 7320 another. Fonts \n-00015700: 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 6974 6820 are.loaded with \n-00015710: 7468 6520 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7422 2063 the \"loadfont\" c\n-00015720: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 ommand in GRUB (\n-00015730: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 3a3a *note loadfont::\n-00015740: 292e 2020 546f 2073 6565 0a74 6865 206c ). To see.the l\n-00015750: 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f ist of loaded fo\n-00015760: 6e74 732c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 nts, execute the\n-00015770: 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2063 6f6d 6d61 \"lsfonts\" comma\n-00015780: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 666f 6e74 nd (*note.lsfont\n-00015790: 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 s::). If there \n-000157a0: 6172 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 2066 6f6e are too many fon\n-000157b0: 7473 2074 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e 2073 6372 ts to fit on scr\n-000157c0: 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 6574 0a70 6167 een, do \"set.pag\n-000157d0: 6572 3d31 2220 6265 666f 7265 2065 7865 er=1\" before exe\n-000157e0: 6375 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 cuting \"lsfonts\"\n-000157f0: 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 726f 6772 6573 ...7.2.3 Progres\n-00015800: 7320 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s Bar.----------\n-00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 --------..Figure\n-00015820: 2037 2e31 0a46 6967 7572 6520 372e 320a 7.1.Figure 7.2.\n-00015830: 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6172 Progress bars ar\n-00015840: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 e used to displa\n-00015850: 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 y the remaining \n-00015860: 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 6520 4752 5542 time before GRUB\n-00015870: 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 2064 6566 6175 boots.the defau\n-00015880: 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 lt menu entry. \n-00015890: 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 7072 6f67 To create a prog\n-000158a0: 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 6861 7420 7769 ress bar that wi\n-000158b0: 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a72 ll display the.r\n-000158c0: 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d 6520 6265 emaining time be\n-000158d0: 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 fore automatic b\n-000158e0: 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c 7920 6372 6561 oot, simply crea\n-000158f0: 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 te a \"progress_b\n-00015900: 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 ar\".component wi\n-00015910: 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 225f 5f74 696d th the id \"__tim\n-00015920: 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 6973 2069 eout__\". This i\n-00015930: 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 ndicates to GRUB\n-00015940: 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 7072 6f67 7265 that the.progre\n-00015950: 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 ss bar should be\n-00015960: 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 7320 7469 6d65 updated as time\n-00015970: 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 passes, and it \n-00015980: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 6465 0a69 should be made.i\n-00015990: 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 nvisible if the \n-000159a0: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 746f 2061 7574 countdown to aut\n-000159b0: 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2069 omatic boot is i\n-000159c0: 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2062 7920 7468 nterrupted by th\n-000159d0: 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 6f67 e user... Prog\n-000159e0: 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6d61 7920 6f70 ress bars may op\n-000159f0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 6176 6520 7465 tionally have te\n-00015a00: 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 206f 6e20 xt displayed on \n-00015a10: 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7465 7874 them. This text\n-00015a20: 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 .is controlled b\n-00015a30: 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2022 7465 7874 y variable \"text\n-00015a40: 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 \" which contains\n-00015a50: 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 7465 6d70 6c61 a printf templa\n-00015a60: 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 6f6e 6c79 te with.the only\n-00015a70: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 2564 2069 7320 argument %d is \n-00015a80: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 the number of se\n-00015a90: 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e conds remaining.\n-00015aa0: 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a73 Additionally.s\n-00015ab0: 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c 7565 7320 2240 pecial values \"@\n-00015ac0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 TIMEOUT_NOTIFICA\n-00015ad0: 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c0a 2240 TION_SHORT@\",.\"@\n-00015ae0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 TIMEOUT_NOTIFICA\n-00015af0: 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 222c 2022 TION_MIDDLE@\", \"\n-00015b00: 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 @TIMEOUT_NOTIFIC\n-00015b10: 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 2061 7265 ATION_LONG@\" are\n-00015b20: 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 7468 2073 .replaced with s\n-00015b30: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e 6420 7472 616e tandard and tran\n-00015b40: 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d 706c 6174 6573 slated templates\n-00015b50: 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 6375 6c61 ...7.2.4 Circula\n-00015b60: 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2049 6e64 6963 r Progress Indic\n-00015b70: 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ator.-----------\n+000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 =============..G\n+000147b0: 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2065 6d62 RUB supports emb\n+000147c0: 6564 6469 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 edding a configu\n+000147d0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6469 7265 ration file dire\n+000147e0: 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f ctly into the co\n+000147f0: 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 736f 2074 6861 re.image, so tha\n+00014800: 7420 6974 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 t it is loaded b\n+00014810: 6566 6f72 6520 656e 7465 7269 6e67 206e efore entering n\n+00014820: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 ormal mode. Thi\n+00014830: 7320 6973 0a75 7365 6675 6c2c 2066 6f72 s is.useful, for\n+00014840: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7768 656e 2069 example, when i\n+00014850: 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7472 6169 6768 t is not straigh\n+00014860: 7466 6f72 7761 7264 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 tforward to find\n+00014870: 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 the real.config\n+00014880: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 6f72 uration file, or\n+00014890: 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 when you need t\n+000148a0: 6f20 6465 6275 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 o debug problems\n+000148b0: 2077 6974 6820 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 with loading th\n+000148c0: 6174 0a66 696c 652e 2020 e280 9867 7275 at.file. ...gru\n+000148d0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2075 7365 b-install... use\n+000148e0: 7320 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 s this feature w\n+000148f0: 6865 6e20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 hen it is not us\n+00014900: 696e 6720 4249 4f53 2064 6973 6b0a 6675 ing BIOS disk.fu\n+00014910: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 nctions or when \n+00014920: 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 installing to a \n+00014930: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6469 736b 2066 different disk f\n+00014940: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 636f 6e74 rom the one cont\n+00014950: 6169 6e69 6e67 0ae2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f aining..../boot/\n+00014960: 6772 7562 e280 992c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 grub..., in whic\n+00014970: 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 6e65 6564 7320 h case it needs \n+00014980: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 to use the ...se\n+00014990: 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 arch... command \n+000149a0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 (*note.search::)\n+000149b0: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f to find .../boo\n+000149c0: 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 t/grub...... T\n+000149d0: 6f20 656d 6265 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 o embed a config\n+000149e0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 uration file, us\n+000149f0: 6520 7468 6520 e280 982d 63e2 8099 206f e the ...-c... o\n+00014a00: 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ption to ...grub\n+00014a10: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 992e 0a54 6865 -mkimage.....The\n+00014a20: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 file is copied \n+00014a30: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d into the core im\n+00014a40: 6167 652c 2073 6f20 6974 206d 6179 2072 age, so it may r\n+00014a50: 6573 6964 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f eside anywhere o\n+00014a60: 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 n the.file syste\n+00014a70: 6d2c 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7265 m, and may be re\n+00014a80: 6d6f 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 7275 6e6e moved after runn\n+00014a90: 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d ing ...grub-mkim\n+00014aa0: 6167 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 age...... Afte\n+00014ab0: 7220 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 r the embedded c\n+00014ac0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00014ad0: 6520 2869 6620 616e 7929 2069 7320 6578 e (if any) is ex\n+00014ae0: 6563 7574 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c ecuted, GRUB wil\n+00014af0: 6c0a 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f l.load the ...no\n+00014b00: 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 rmal... module (\n+00014b10: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c *note normal::),\n+00014b20: 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e which will then\n+00014b30: 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 read the real.c\n+00014b40: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00014b50: 6520 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 e from ...$prefi\n+00014b60: 782f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 x/grub.cfg.... \n+00014b70: 4279 2074 6869 7320 706f 696e 742c 2074 By this point, t\n+00014b80: 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a 7661 he ...root....va\n+00014b90: 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f riable will also\n+00014ba0: 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2073 6574 2074 have been set t\n+00014bb0: 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 o the root devic\n+00014bc0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 e name. For exa\n+00014bd0: 6d70 6c65 2c0a e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 mple,....prefix.\n+00014be0: 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 .. might be set \n+00014bf0: 746f 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f to ...(hd0,1)/bo\n+00014c00: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 ot/grub..., and \n+00014c10: e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 ...root... might\n+00014c20: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 0ae2 8098 6864 be set to....hd\n+00014c30: 302c 31e2 8099 2e20 2054 6875 732c 2069 0,1.... Thus, i\n+00014c40: 6e20 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 n most cases, th\n+00014c50: 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 e embedded confi\n+00014c60: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6f6e guration file on\n+00014c70: 6c79 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 7365 7420 ly.needs to set \n+00014c80: 7468 6520 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 the ...prefix...\n+00014c90: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 and ...root... \n+00014ca0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2074 variables, and t\n+00014cb0: 6865 6e20 6472 6f70 2074 6872 6f75 6768 hen drop through\n+00014cc0: 2074 6f0a 4752 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 to.GRUB's norma\n+00014cd0: 6c20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2e20 2041 l processing. A\n+00014ce0: 2074 7970 6963 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 typical example\n+00014cf0: 206f 6620 7468 6973 206d 6967 6874 206c of this might l\n+00014d00: 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a ook like.this:..\n+00014d10: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 search.fs_u\n+00014d20: 7569 6420 3031 3233 3435 3637 2d38 3961 uid 01234567-89a\n+00014d30: 622d 6364 6566 2d30 3132 332d 3435 3637 b-cdef-0123-4567\n+00014d40: 3839 6162 6364 6566 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 89abcdef root. \n+00014d50: 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 set prefix=($\n+00014d60: 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a root)/boot/grub.\n+00014d70: 0a20 2020 2854 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 . (The ...sear\n+00014d80: 6368 5f66 735f 7575 6964 e280 9920 6d6f ch_fs_uuid... mo\n+00014d90: 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e63 dule must be inc\n+00014da0: 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 luded in the cor\n+00014db0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 666f 720a 7468 6973 e image for.this\n+00014dc0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b example to work\n+00014dd0: 2e29 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6d6f 7265 2063 .).. In more c\n+00014de0: 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6974 omplex cases, it\n+00014df0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 may be useful t\n+00014e00: 6f20 7265 6164 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e o read other con\n+00014e10: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6573 figuration.files\n+00014e20: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 directly from t\n+00014e30: 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 he embedded conf\n+00014e40: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 iguration file. \n+00014e50: 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 7563 This allows suc\n+00014e60: 680a 7468 696e 6773 2061 7320 7265 6164 h.things as read\n+00014e70: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 6361 ing files not ca\n+00014e80: 6c6c 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 lled ...grub.cfg\n+00014e90: e280 992c 206f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 ..., or reading \n+00014ea0: 6669 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 6972 files from a.dir\n+00014eb0: 6563 746f 7279 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 ectory other tha\n+00014ec0: 6e20 7468 6174 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 n that where GRU\n+00014ed0: 4227 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 B's loadable mod\n+00014ee0: 756c 6573 2061 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ules are install\n+00014ef0: 6564 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 ed..To do this, \n+00014f00: 696e 636c 7564 6520 7468 6520 e280 9863 include the ...c\n+00014f10: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 onfigfile... and\n+00014f20: 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f ...normal... mo\n+00014f30: 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 dules in the cor\n+00014f40: 650a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 e.image, and emb\n+00014f50: 6564 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ed a configurati\n+00014f60: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 2075 7365 on file that use\n+00014f70: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 s the ...configf\n+00014f80: 696c 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a74 ile... command.t\n+00014f90: 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 o load another f\n+00014fa0: 696c 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ile. The follow\n+00014fb0: 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2074 ing example of t\n+00014fc0: 6869 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 his also require\n+00014fd0: 7320 7468 650a e280 9865 6368 6fe2 8099 s the....echo...\n+00014fe0: 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 685f 6c61 6265 , ...search_labe\n+00014ff0: 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9874 6573 l..., and ...tes\n+00015000: 74e2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 t... modules to \n+00015010: 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 be included in t\n+00015020: 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 653a 0a0a he core.image:..\n+00015030: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c search.fs_l\n+00015040: 6162 656c 2067 7275 6220 726f 6f74 0a20 abel grub root. \n+00015050: 2020 2020 6966 205b 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f if [ -e /boo\n+00015060: 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 t/grub/example/t\n+00015070: 6573 7431 2e63 6667 205d 3b20 7468 656e est1.cfg ]; then\n+00015080: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 . set pr\n+00015090: 6566 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f efix=($root)/boo\n+000150a0: 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t/grub. \n+000150b0: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 configfile /boot\n+000150c0: 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 /grub/example/te\n+000150d0: 7374 312e 6366 670a 2020 2020 2065 6c73 st1.cfg. els\n+000150e0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6620 5b20 e. if [ \n+000150f0: 2d65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 -e /boot/grub/ex\n+00015100: 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 322e 6366 6720 ample/test2.cfg \n+00015110: 5d3b 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ]; then. \n+00015120: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d set prefix=\n+00015130: 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ($root)/boot/gru\n+00015140: 620a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 b. c\n+00015150: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f onfigfile /boot/\n+00015160: 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 grub/example/tes\n+00015170: 7432 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t2.cfg. \n+00015180: 656c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 else. \n+00015190: 2020 6563 686f 2022 436f 756c 6420 6e6f echo \"Could no\n+000151a0: 7420 6669 6e64 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c t find an exampl\n+000151b0: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 e configuration \n+000151c0: 6669 6c65 2122 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 file!\". \n+000151d0: 6669 0a20 2020 2020 6669 0a0a 2020 2054 fi. fi.. T\n+000151e0: 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 he embedded conf\n+000151f0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206d iguration file m\n+00015200: 6179 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206d ay not contain m\n+00015210: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 6469 7265 enu entries.dire\n+00015220: 6374 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f6e ctly, but may on\n+00015230: 6c79 2072 6561 6420 7468 656d 2066 726f ly read them fro\n+00015240: 6d20 656c 7365 7768 6572 6520 7573 696e m elsewhere usin\n+00015250: 6720 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 g ...configfile.\n+00015260: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n+00015270: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 b.info, Node: T\n+00015280: 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 heme file format\n+00015290: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b , Next: Network\n+000152a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 , Prev: Configu\n+000152b0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 ration, Up: Top\n+000152c0: 0a0a 3720 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 ..7 Theme file f\n+000152d0: 6f72 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ormat.**********\n+000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 2e31 2049 *********..7.1 I\n+000152f0: 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d ntroduction.====\n+00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n+00015310: 6520 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c e GRUB graphical\n+00015320: 206d 656e 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 menu supports t\n+00015330: 6865 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e 2063 hemes that can c\n+00015340: 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 6865 206c 6179 ustomize the lay\n+00015350: 6f75 740a 616e 6420 6170 7065 6172 616e out.and appearan\n+00015360: 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 ce of the GRUB b\n+00015370: 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2054 6865 2074 oot menu. The t\n+00015380: 6865 6d65 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 heme is configur\n+00015390: 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 0a70 6c61 ed through a.pla\n+000153a0: 696e 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 2074 6861 in text file tha\n+000153b0: 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 t specifies the \n+000153c0: 6c61 796f 7574 206f 6620 7468 6520 7661 layout of the va\n+000153d0: 7269 6f75 7320 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e rious GUI compon\n+000153e0: 656e 7473 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 ents.(including \n+000153f0: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752c 2074 the boot menu, t\n+00015400: 696d 656f 7574 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 imeout progress \n+00015410: 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2074 6578 7420 6d65 bar, and text me\n+00015420: 7373 6167 6573 2920 6173 0a77 656c 6c20 ssages) as.well \n+00015430: 6173 2074 6865 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 as the appearanc\n+00015440: 6520 7573 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 e using colors, \n+00015450: 666f 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 fonts, and image\n+00015460: 732e 2020 4578 616d 706c 6520 6973 0a61 s. Example is.a\n+00015470: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 646f 6373 vailable in docs\n+00015480: 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 6865 6d65 2e74 /example_theme.t\n+00015490: 7874 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 656d 6520 456c xt..7.2 Theme El\n+000154a0: 656d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ements.=========\n+000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 2e32 2e31 =========..7.2.1\n+000154c0: 2043 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Colors.--------\n+000154d0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f 7273 2063 616e ----..Colors can\n+000154e0: 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e be specified in\n+000154f0: 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 733a 0a0a several ways:..\n+00015500: 2020 20e2 80a2 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 796c ... HTML-styl\n+00015510: 6520 2223 5252 4747 4242 2220 6f72 2022 e \"#RRGGBB\" or \"\n+00015520: 2352 4742 2220 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7768 #RGB\" format, wh\n+00015530: 6572 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 616e ere *R*, *G*, an\n+00015540: 6420 2a42 2a20 6172 650a 2020 2020 2068 d *B* are. h\n+00015550: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 exadecimal digit\n+00015560: 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 3946 s (e.g., \"#8899F\n+00015570: 4622 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 7320 636f F\"). ... as co\n+00015580: 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6465 mma-separated de\n+00015590: 6369 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 7661 6c75 6573 cimal RGB values\n+000155a0: 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 3132 (e.g., \"128, 12\n+000155b0: 382c 2032 3535 2229 0a20 2020 e280 a220 8, 255\"). ... \n+000155c0: 7769 7468 2022 5356 4720 312e 3020 636f with \"SVG 1.0 co\n+000155d0: 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 652e 672e lor names\" (e.g.\n+000155e0: 2c20 2263 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 , \"cornflowerblu\n+000155f0: 6522 2920 7768 6963 6820 6d75 7374 2062 e\") which must b\n+00015600: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 e. specified\n+00015610: 2069 6e20 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 652e 0a0a in lowercase...\n+00015620: 372e 322e 3220 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 7.2.2 Fonts.----\n+00015630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e -------..The fon\n+00015640: 7473 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2022 5046 ts GRUB uses \"PF\n+00015650: 4632 2066 6f6e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2220 F2 font format\" \n+00015660: 6269 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 bitmap fonts. F\n+00015670: 6f6e 7473 2061 7265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 onts are.specifi\n+00015680: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e ed with full fon\n+00015690: 7420 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e t names. Curren\n+000156a0: 746c 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 tly there is no \n+000156b0: 7072 6f76 6973 696f 6e20 666f 7220 610a provision for a.\n+000156c0: 7072 6566 6572 656e 6365 206c 6973 7420 preference list \n+000156d0: 6f66 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 of fonts, or der\n+000156e0: 6976 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 2066 iving one font f\n+000156f0: 726f 6d20 616e 6f74 6865 722e 2020 466f rom another. Fo\n+00015700: 6e74 7320 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 nts are.loaded w\n+00015710: 6974 6820 7468 6520 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e ith the \"loadfon\n+00015720: 7422 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 t\" command in GR\n+00015730: 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 666f UB (*note loadfo\n+00015740: 6e74 3a3a 292e 2020 546f 2073 6565 0a74 nt::). To see.t\n+00015750: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 he list of loade\n+00015760: 6420 666f 6e74 732c 2065 7865 6375 7465 d fonts, execute\n+00015770: 2074 6865 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2063 the \"lsfonts\" c\n+00015780: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 ommand (*note.ls\n+00015790: 666f 6e74 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 fonts::). If th\n+000157a0: 6572 6520 6172 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 ere are too many\n+000157b0: 2066 6f6e 7473 2074 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e fonts to fit on\n+000157c0: 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 6574 screen, do \"set\n+000157d0: 0a70 6167 6572 3d31 2220 6265 666f 7265 .pager=1\" before\n+000157e0: 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 666f executing \"lsfo\n+000157f0: 6e74 7322 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 726f nts\"...7.2.3 Pro\n+00015800: 6772 6573 7320 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gress Bar.------\n+00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 ------------..Fi\n+00015820: 6775 7265 2037 2e31 0a46 6967 7572 6520 gure 7.1.Figure \n+00015830: 372e 320a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7.2.Progress bar\n+00015840: 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 s are used to di\n+00015850: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e splay the remain\n+00015860: 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 6520 ing time before \n+00015870: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 2064 GRUB boots.the d\n+00015880: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 efault menu entr\n+00015890: 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 y. To create a \n+000158a0: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 6861 progress bar tha\n+000158b0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 t will display t\n+000158c0: 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d he.remaining tim\n+000158d0: 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 e before automat\n+000158e0: 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c 7920 ic boot, simply \n+000158f0: 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 7265 create a \"progre\n+00015900: 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ss_bar\".componen\n+00015910: 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 225f t with the id \"_\n+00015920: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 _timeout__\". Th\n+00015930: 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6f20 is indicates to \n+00015940: 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 7072 GRUB that the.pr\n+00015950: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c ogress bar shoul\n+00015960: 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 7320 d be updated as \n+00015970: 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 6e64 time passes, and\n+00015980: 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 it should be ma\n+00015990: 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 6620 de.invisible if \n+000159a0: 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 746f the countdown to\n+000159b0: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 automatic boot \n+000159c0: 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2062 is interrupted b\n+000159d0: 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 y the user... \n+000159e0: 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6d61 Progress bars ma\n+000159f0: 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 6176 y optionally hav\n+00015a00: 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 e text displayed\n+00015a10: 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 on them. This \n+00015a20: 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c text.is controll\n+00015a30: 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2022 ed by variable \"\n+00015a40: 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f 6e74 text\" which cont\n+00015a50: 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 7465 ains a printf te\n+00015a60: 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 mplate with.the \n+00015a70: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 2564 only argument %d\n+00015a80: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f is the number o\n+00015a90: 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 696e f seconds remain\n+00015aa0: 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c ing. Additional\n+00015ab0: 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c 7565 ly.special value\n+00015ac0: 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 s \"@TIMEOUT_NOTI\n+00015ad0: 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 FICATION_SHORT@\"\n+00015ae0: 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 ,.\"@TIMEOUT_NOTI\n+00015af0: 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 FICATION_MIDDLE@\n+00015b00: 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 \", \"@TIMEOUT_NOT\n+00015b10: 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 IFICATION_LONG@\"\n+00015b20: 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 are.replaced wi\n+00015b30: 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e 6420 th standard and \n+00015b40: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d 706c translated templ\n+00015b50: 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 ates...7.2.4 Cir\n+00015b60: 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2049 cular Progress I\n+00015b70: 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ndicator.-------\n 00015b80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6369 7263 ------..The circ\n-00015ba0: 756c 6172 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e ular progress in\n-00015bb0: 6469 6361 746f 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e dicator function\n-00015bc0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 726c 7920 746f 2074 s similarly to t\n-00015bd0: 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e he progress bar.\n-00015be0: 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 616e 2069 .When given an i\n-00015bf0: 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f d of \"__timeout_\n-00015c00: 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7064 6174 6573 _\", GRUB updates\n-00015c10: 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 the circular pr\n-00015c20: 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 ogress.indicator\n-00015c30: 2773 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 696e 6469 's value to indi\n-00015c40: 6361 7465 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 7265 cate the time re\n-00015c50: 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 466f 7220 7468 maining. For th\n-00015c60: 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 0a70 726f 6772 e circular.progr\n-00015c70: 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 722c 2074 ess indicator, t\n-00015c80: 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2069 6d61 here are two ima\n-00015c90: 6765 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 ges used to rend\n-00015ca0: 6572 2069 743a 2074 6865 202a 6365 6e74 er it: the *cent\n-00015cb0: 6572 2a0a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2074 er*.image, and t\n-00015cc0: 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 696d 6167 652e he *tick* image.\n-00015cd0: 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2069 6d61 The center ima\n-00015ce0: 6765 2069 7320 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2069 ge is rendered i\n-00015cf0: 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a6f 6620 n the center.of \n-00015d00: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c 2077 the component, w\n-00015d10: 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 696d hile the tick im\n-00015d20: 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 746f 2072 age is used to r\n-00015d30: 656e 6465 7220 6561 6368 206d 6172 6b20 ender each mark \n-00015d40: 616c 6f6e 670a 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d along.the circum\n-00015d50: 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 ference of the i\n-00015d60: 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e35 ndicator...7.2.5\n-00015d70: 204c 6162 656c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Labels.--------\n-00015d80: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5465 7874 206c 6162 656c ----..Text label\n-00015d90: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 s can be placed \n-00015da0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7363 7265 on the boot scre\n-00015db0: 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 742c 2063 en. The font, c\n-00015dc0: 6f6c 6f72 2c20 616e 640a 686f 7269 7a6f olor, and.horizo\n-00015dd0: 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 2063 ntal alignment c\n-00015de0: 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 an be specified \n-00015df0: 666f 7220 6c61 6265 6c73 2e20 2049 6620 for labels. 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It is a li\n-00015fa0: 7374 206f 6620 6974 656d 732c 2077 6865 st of items, whe\n-00015fb0: 7265 2065 6163 6820 6974 656d 2068 6173 re each item has\n-00015fc0: 2061 2074 6974 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 6e0a a title and an.\n-00015fd0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 636f 6e2e 2020 optional icon. \n-00015fe0: 5468 6520 6963 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 6c65 The icon is sele\n-00015ff0: 6374 6564 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 cted based on th\n-00016000: 6520 2a63 6c61 7373 6573 2a20 7370 6563 e *classes* spec\n-00016010: 6966 6965 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 ified.for the me\n-00016020: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 6620 7468 nu entry. If th\n-00016030: 6572 6520 6973 2061 2050 4e47 2066 696c ere is a PNG fil\n-00016040: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 226d 7963 6c61 7373 e named \"myclass\n-00016050: 2e70 6e67 2220 696e 2074 6865 0a22 6772 .png\" in the.\"gr\n-00016060: 7562 2f74 6865 6d65 732f 6963 6f6e 7322 ub/themes/icons\"\n-00016070: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 6974 2077 directory, it w\n-00016080: 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 ill be displayed\n-00016090: 2066 6f72 2069 7465 6d73 2077 6869 6368 for items which\n-000160a0: 2068 6176 650a 7468 6520 636c 6173 7320 have.the class \n-000160b0: 2a6d 7963 6c61 7373 2a2e 2020 5468 6520 *myclass*. The \n-000160c0: 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 6361 6e20 6265 boot menu can be\n-000160d0: 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 6420 696e 2073 customized in s\n-000160e0: 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 732c 0a73 7563 everal ways,.suc\n-000160f0: 6820 6173 2074 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 616e h as the font an\n-00016100: 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7573 6564 2066 6f72 d color used for\n-00016110: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 the menu entry \n-00016120: 7469 746c 652c 2061 6e64 2062 790a 7370 title, and by.sp\n-00016130: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 ecifying styled \n-00016140: 626f 7865 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 boxes for the me\n-00016150: 6e75 2069 7473 656c 6620 616e 6420 666f nu itself and fo\n-00016160: 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 r the selected i\n-00016170: 7465 6d0a 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742e 0a0a tem.highlight...\n-00016180: 372e 322e 3720 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 7.2.7 Styled Box\n-00016190: 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d es.-------------\n-000161a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 -----..One of th\n-000161b0: 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 e most important\n-000161c0: 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 666f 7220 6375 features for cu\n-000161d0: 7374 6f6d 697a 696e 6720 7468 6520 6c61 stomizing the la\n-000161e0: 796f 7574 2069 7320 7468 6520 7573 650a yout is the use.\n-000161f0: 6f66 202a 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 of *styled boxes\n-00016200: 2a2e 2020 4120 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 *. A styled box\n-00016210: 2069 7320 636f 6d70 6f73 6564 206f 6620 is composed of \n-00016220: 3920 7265 6374 616e 6775 6c61 7220 2861 9 rectangular (a\n-00016230: 6e64 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2065 nd.potentially e\n-00016240: 6d70 7479 2920 7265 6769 6f6e 732c 2077 mpty) regions, w\n-00016250: 6869 6368 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f hich are used to\n-00016260: 2073 6561 6d6c 6573 736c 7920 6472 6177 seamlessly draw\n-00016270: 2074 6865 2073 7479 6c65 640a 626f 7820 the styled.box \n-00016280: 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e3a 0a0a 4e6f 7274 on screen:..Nort\n-00016290: 6877 6573 7420 286e 7729 2020 2020 2020 hwest (nw) \n-000162a0: 2020 204e 6f72 7468 2028 6e29 2020 2020 North (n) \n-000162b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7274 6865 Northe\n-000162c0: 6173 7420 286e 6529 0a57 6573 7420 2877 ast (ne).West (w\n-000162d0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ) \n-000162e0: 4365 6e74 6572 2028 6329 2020 2020 2020 Center (c) \n-000162f0: 2020 2020 2020 2045 6173 7420 2865 290a East (e).\n-00016300: 536f 7574 6877 6573 7420 2873 7729 2020 Southwest (sw) \n-00016310: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6f75 7468 2028 7329 South (s)\n-00016320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f So\n-00016330: 7574 6865 6173 7420 2873 6529 0a0a 2020 utheast (se).. \n-00016340: 2054 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616e 7920 To support any \n-00016350: 7369 7a65 206f 6620 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 size of box on s\n-00016360: 6372 6565 6e2c 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 creen, the cente\n-00016370: 7220 736c 6963 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 r slice and the \n-00016380: 736c 6963 6573 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2074 slices.for the t\n-00016390: 6f70 2c20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c20 616e 6420 op, bottom, and \n-000163a0: 7369 6465 7320 6172 6520 616c 6c20 7363 sides are all sc\n-000163b0: 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 aled to the corr\n-000163c0: 6563 7420 7369 7a65 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 ect size for.the\n-000163d0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206f 6e20 7363 component on sc\n-000163e0: 7265 656e 2c20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 reen, using the \n-000163f0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7275 6c65 733a following rules:\n-00016400: 0a0a 2020 312e 2054 6865 2065 6467 6520 .. 1. The edge \n-00016410: 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 682c 2073 slices (north, s\n-00016420: 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 7374 2c20 616e 6420 outh, east, and \n-00016430: 7765 7374 2920 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 west) are scaled\n-00016440: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6972 in the. dir\n-00016450: 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6564 ection of the ed\n-00016460: 6765 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6164 6a61 ge they are adja\n-00016470: 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 466f 7220 696e cent to. For in\n-00016480: 7374 616e 6365 2c20 7468 6520 7765 7374 stance, the west\n-00016490: 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6963 6520 6973 2073 . slice is s\n-000164a0: 6361 6c65 6420 7665 7274 6963 616c 6c79 caled vertically\n-000164b0: 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 6865 2063 6f72 6e65 .. 2. 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The center s\n-00016520: 6c69 6365 2069 7320 7363 616c 6564 2074 lice is scaled t\n-00016530: 6f20 6669 6c6c 2074 6865 2072 656d 6169 o fill the remai\n-00016540: 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 ning space in th\n-00016550: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6964 646c 652e 0a0a e. middle...\n-00016560: 2020 2041 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 As an example\n-00016570: 206f 6620 686f 7720 616e 2069 6d61 6765 of how an image\n-00016580: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 736c 6963 6564 might be sliced\n-00016590: 2075 702c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 7468 up, consider th\n-000165a0: 6520 7374 796c 6564 0a62 6f78 2075 7365 e styled.box use\n-000165b0: 6420 666f 7220 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c d for a terminal\n-000165c0: 2076 6965 772e 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 view...Figure 7\n-000165d0: 2e33 0a37 2e32 2e38 2043 7265 6174 696e .3.7.2.8 Creatin\n-000165e0: 6720 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 2049 6d61 g Styled Box Ima\n-000165f0: 6765 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ges.------------\n+00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 ----------..The \n+00015ba0: 6369 7263 756c 6172 2070 726f 6772 6573 circular progres\n+00015bb0: 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 7220 6675 6e63 s indicator func\n+00015bc0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 726c 7920 tions similarly \n+00015bd0: 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 to the progress \n+00015be0: 6261 722e 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 bar..When given \n+00015bf0: 616e 2069 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 an id of \"__time\n+00015c00: 6f75 745f 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7064 out__\", GRUB upd\n+00015c10: 6174 6573 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 6c61 ates the circula\n+00015c20: 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 6e64 6963 r progress.indic\n+00015c30: 6174 6f72 2773 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 ator's value to \n+00015c40: 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6865 2074 696d indicate the tim\n+00015c50: 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 466f e remaining. Fo\n+00015c60: 7220 7468 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 0a70 r the circular.p\n+00015c70: 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f rogress indicato\n+00015c80: 722c 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f r, there are two\n+00015c90: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 images used to \n+00015ca0: 7265 6e64 6572 2069 743a 2074 6865 202a render it: the *\n+00015cb0: 6365 6e74 6572 2a0a 696d 6167 652c 2061 center*.image, a\n+00015cc0: 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 696d nd the *tick* im\n+00015cd0: 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 age. 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I\n+00016030: 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 2050 4e47 f there is a PNG\n+00016040: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 226d 7963 file named \"myc\n+00016050: 6c61 7373 2e70 6e67 2220 696e 2074 6865 lass.png\" in the\n+00016060: 0a22 6772 7562 2f74 6865 6d65 732f 6963 .\"grub/themes/ic\n+00016070: 6f6e 7322 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 ons\" directory, \n+00016080: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c it will be displ\n+00016090: 6179 6564 2066 6f72 2069 7465 6d73 2077 ayed for items w\n+000160a0: 6869 6368 2068 6176 650a 7468 6520 636c hich have.the cl\n+000160b0: 6173 7320 2a6d 7963 6c61 7373 2a2e 2020 ass *myclass*. \n+000160c0: 5468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 6361 The boot menu ca\n+000160d0: 6e20 6265 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 6420 n be customized \n+000160e0: 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 732c in several ways,\n+000160f0: 0a73 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2066 6f6e .such as the fon\n+00016100: 7420 616e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7573 6564 t and color used\n+00016110: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e for the menu en\n+00016120: 7472 7920 7469 746c 652c 2061 6e64 2062 try title, and b\n+00016130: 790a 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2073 7479 y.specifying sty\n+00016140: 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 666f 7220 7468 led boxes for th\n+00016150: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7473 656c 6620 616e e menu itself an\n+00016160: 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 d for the select\n+00016170: 6564 2069 7465 6d0a 6869 6768 6c69 6768 ed item.highligh\n+00016180: 742e 0a0a 372e 322e 3720 5374 796c 6564 t...7.2.7 Styled\n+00016190: 2042 6f78 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Boxes.---------\n+000161a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f 6e65 206f ---------..One o\n+000161b0: 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 f the most impor\n+000161c0: 7461 6e74 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 666f tant features fo\n+000161d0: 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 696e 6720 7468 r customizing th\n+000161e0: 6520 6c61 796f 7574 2069 7320 7468 6520 e layout is the \n+000161f0: 7573 650a 6f66 202a 7374 796c 6564 2062 use.of *styled b\n+00016200: 6f78 6573 2a2e 2020 4120 7374 796c 6564 oxes*. A styled\n+00016210: 2062 6f78 2069 7320 636f 6d70 6f73 6564 box is composed\n+00016220: 206f 6620 3920 7265 6374 616e 6775 6c61 of 9 rectangula\n+00016230: 7220 2861 6e64 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 616c r (and.potential\n+00016240: 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2920 7265 6769 6f6e ly empty) region\n+00016250: 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 7265 2075 7365 s, which are use\n+00016260: 6420 746f 2073 6561 6d6c 6573 736c 7920 d to seamlessly \n+00016270: 6472 6177 2074 6865 2073 7479 6c65 640a draw the styled.\n+00016280: 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e3a 0a0a box on screen:..\n+00016290: 4e6f 7274 6877 6573 7420 286e 7729 2020 Northwest (nw) \n+000162a0: 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f72 7468 2028 6e29 North (n)\n+000162b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f No\n+000162c0: 7274 6865 6173 7420 286e 6529 0a57 6573 rtheast (ne).Wes\n+000162d0: 7420 2877 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t (w) \n+000162e0: 2020 2020 4365 6e74 6572 2028 6329 2020 Center (c) \n+000162f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6173 7420 East \n+00016300: 2865 290a 536f 7574 6877 6573 7420 2873 (e).Southwest (s\n+00016310: 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6f75 7468 w) South\n+00016320: 2028 7329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (s) \n+00016330: 2020 536f 7574 6865 6173 7420 2873 6529 Southeast (se)\n+00016340: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 .. To support \n+00016350: 616e 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 626f 7820 any size of box \n+00016360: 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2074 6865 2063 on screen, the c\n+00016370: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 616e 6420 enter slice and \n+00016380: 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 0a66 6f72 2074 the slices.for t\n+00016390: 6865 2074 6f70 2c20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c20 he top, bottom, \n+000163a0: 616e 6420 7369 6465 7320 6172 6520 616c and sides are al\n+000163b0: 6c20 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 l scaled to the \n+000163c0: 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 7a65 2066 6f72 correct size for\n+000163d0: 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206f .the component o\n+000163e0: 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 7573 696e 6720 n screen, using \n+000163f0: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7275 the following ru\n+00016400: 6c65 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2054 6865 2065 les:.. 1. The e\n+00016410: 6467 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 dge slices (nort\n+00016420: 682c 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 7374 2c20 h, south, east, \n+00016430: 616e 6420 7765 7374 2920 6172 6520 7363 and west) are sc\n+00016440: 616c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 aled in the. \n+00016450: 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 direction of th\n+00016460: 6520 6564 6765 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 e edge they are \n+00016470: 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 466f adjacent to. Fo\n+00016480: 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 7468 6520 r instance, the \n+00016490: 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6963 6520 west. slice \n+000164a0: 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 7665 7274 6963 is scaled vertic\n+000164b0: 616c 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 6865 2063 ally.. 2. The c\n+000164c0: 6f72 6e65 7220 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f orner slices (no\n+000164d0: 7274 6877 6573 742c 206e 6f72 7468 6561 rthwest, northea\n+000164e0: 7374 2c20 736f 7574 6865 6173 742c 2061 st, southeast, a\n+000164f0: 6e64 2073 6f75 7468 7765 7374 290a 2020 nd southwest). \n+00016500: 2020 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 6361 6c65 are not scale\n+00016510: 642e 0a20 2033 2e20 5468 6520 6365 6e74 d.. 3. The cent\n+00016520: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2069 7320 7363 616c er slice is scal\n+00016530: 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2074 6865 2072 ed to fill the r\n+00016540: 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2069 emaining space i\n+00016550: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6964 646c n the. middl\n+00016560: 652e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 616e 2065 7861 e... As an exa\n+00016570: 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 686f 7720 616e 2069 mple of how an i\n+00016580: 6d61 6765 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 736c mage might be sl\n+00016590: 6963 6564 2075 702c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 iced up, conside\n+000165a0: 7220 7468 6520 7374 796c 6564 0a62 6f78 r the styled.box\n+000165b0: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 7465 726d used for a term\n+000165c0: 696e 616c 2076 6965 772e 0a0a 4669 6775 inal view...Figu\n+000165d0: 7265 2037 2e33 0a37 2e32 2e38 2043 7265 re 7.3.7.2.8 Cre\n+000165e0: 6174 696e 6720 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 ating Styled Box\n+000165f0: 2049 6d61 6765 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Images.--------\n 00016600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00016610: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 496e 6b73 6361 ----..The Inksca\n-00016620: 7065 5f20 7363 616c 6162 6c65 2076 6563 pe_ scalable vec\n-00016630: 746f 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2065 6469 tor graphics edi\n-00016640: 746f 7220 6973 2061 2076 6572 7920 7573 tor is a very us\n-00016650: 6566 756c 2074 6f6f 6c20 666f 720a 6372 eful tool for.cr\n-00016660: 6561 7469 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f eating styled bo\n-00016670: 7820 696d 6167 6573 2e20 204f 6e65 2070 x images. One p\n-00016680: 726f 6365 7373 2074 6861 7420 776f 726b rocess that work\n-00016690: 7320 7765 6c6c 2066 6f72 2073 6c69 6369 s well for slici\n-000166a0: 6e67 2061 0a64 7261 7769 6e67 2069 6e74 ng a.drawing int\n-000166b0: 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 o the necessary \n-000166c0: 696d 6167 6520 736c 6963 6573 2069 733a image slices is:\n-000166d0: 0a0a 2020 312e 2043 7265 6174 6520 6f72 .. 1. Create or\n-000166e0: 206f 7065 6e20 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e open the drawin\n-000166f0: 6720 796f 7527 6420 6c69 6b65 2075 7365 g you'd like use\n-00016700: 2e0a 2020 322e 2043 7265 6174 6520 6120 .. 2. Create a \n-00016710: 6e65 7720 6c61 7965 7220 6f6e 2074 6865 new layer on the\n-00016720: 2074 6f70 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7965 top of the laye\n-00016730: 7220 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 4d61 6b65 2069 r stack. Make i\n-00016740: 7420 7669 7369 626c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 t visible.. \n-00016750: 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6869 7320 6c61 7965 Select this laye\n-00016760: 7220 6173 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 r as the current\n-00016770: 206c 6179 6572 2e0a 2020 332e 2044 7261 layer.. 3. Dra\n-00016780: 7720 3920 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 206f w 9 rectangles o\n-00016790: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2077 n your drawing w\n-000167a0: 6865 7265 2079 6f75 2764 206c 696b 6520 here you'd like \n-000167b0: 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 the slices to. \n-000167c0: 2020 2062 652e 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 be. Clear th\n-000167d0: 6520 6669 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2061 e fill option, a\n-000167e0: 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 2073 7472 6f6b nd set the strok\n-000167f0: 6520 746f 2031 2070 6978 656c 2077 6964 e to 1 pixel wid\n-00016800: 650a 2020 2020 2073 6f6c 6964 2073 7472 e. solid str\n-00016810: 6f6b 652e 2020 5468 6520 636f 726e 6572 oke. The corner\n-00016820: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 7320 s of the slices \n-00016830: 6d75 7374 206d 6565 7420 7072 6563 6973 must meet precis\n-00016840: 656c 793b 2069 6620 6974 0a20 2020 2020 ely; if it. \n-00016850: 6973 206f 6666 2062 7920 6120 7369 6e67 is off by a sing\n-00016860: 6c65 2070 6978 656c 2c20 6974 2077 696c le pixel, it wil\n-00016870: 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2062 6520 6576 l probably be ev\n-00016880: 6964 656e 7420 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 ident when the. \n-00016890: 2020 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 styled box i\n-000168a0: 7320 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 s rendered in th\n-000168b0: 6520 4752 5542 206d 656e 752e 2020 596f e GRUB menu. Yo\n-000168c0: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 726f 6261 626c u should probabl\n-000168d0: 7920 676f 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2046 696c y go to. Fil\n-000168e0: 6520 7c20 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2050 726f e | Document Pro\n-000168f0: 7065 7274 6965 7320 7c20 4772 6964 7320 perties | Grids \n-00016900: 616e 6420 656e 6162 6c65 2061 2067 7269 and enable a gri\n-00016910: 6420 6f72 2063 7265 6174 6520 610a 2020 d or create a. \n-00016920: 2020 2067 7569 6465 2028 636c 6963 6b20 guide (click \n-00016930: 6f6e 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 7275 on one of the ru\n-00016940: 6c65 7273 206e 6578 7420 746f 2074 6865 lers next to the\n-00016950: 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2061 6e64 2064 7261 drawing and dra\n-00016960: 6720 6f76 6572 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 g over. the \n-00016970: 6472 6177 696e 673b 2072 656c 6561 7365 drawing; release\n-00016980: 2074 6865 206d 6f75 7365 2062 7574 746f the mouse butto\n-00016990: 6e20 746f 2070 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2067 n to place the g\n-000169a0: 7569 6465 2920 746f 2068 656c 700a 2020 uide) to help. \n-000169b0: 2020 2070 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2072 6563 place the rec\n-000169c0: 7461 6e67 6c65 7320 7072 6563 6973 656c tangles precisel\n-000169d0: 792e 0a20 2034 2e20 5269 6768 7420 636c y.. 4. Right cl\n-000169e0: 6963 6b20 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 ick on the cente\n-000169f0: 7220 736c 6963 6520 7265 6374 616e 676c r slice rectangl\n-00016a00: 6520 616e 6420 6368 6f6f 7365 204f 626a e and choose Obj\n-00016a10: 6563 740a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 ect. Propert\n-00016a20: 6965 732e 2020 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 ies. Change the\n-00016a30: 2022 4964 2220 746f 2022 736c 6963 655f \"Id\" to \"slice_\n-00016a40: 6322 2061 6e64 2063 6c69 636b 2053 6574 c\" and click Set\n-00016a50: 2e20 2052 6570 6561 740a 2020 2020 2074 . Repeat. t\n-00016a60: 6869 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 7265 6d61 his for the rema\n-00016a70: 696e 696e 6720 3820 7265 6374 616e 676c ining 8 rectangl\n-00016a80: 6573 2c20 6769 7669 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 es, giving them \n-00016a90: 4964 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 Id values of. \n-00016aa0: 2020 2273 6c69 6365 5f6e 222c 2022 736c \"slice_n\", \"sl\n-00016ab0: 6963 655f 6e65 222c 2022 736c 6963 655f ice_ne\", \"slice_\n-00016ac0: 6522 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e20 6163 e\", and so on ac\n-00016ad0: 636f 7264 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 cording to the. \n-00016ae0: 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 location.. \n-00016af0: 352e 2053 6176 6520 7468 6520 6472 6177 5. Save the draw\n-00016b00: 696e 672e 0a20 2036 2e20 5365 6c65 6374 ing.. 6. Select\n-00016b10: 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 2072 all the slice r\n-00016b20: 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 732e 2020 5769 7468 ectangles. With\n-00016b30: 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 206c 6179 6572 the slice layer\n-00016b40: 2073 656c 6563 7465 642c 0a20 2020 2020 selected,. \n-00016b50: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7369 6d70 6c79 2070 you can simply p\n-00016b60: 7265 7373 2043 7472 6c2b 4120 746f 2073 ress Ctrl+A to s\n-00016b70: 656c 6563 7420 616c 6c20 7265 6374 616e elect all rectan\n-00016b80: 676c 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2073 7461 7475 gles. The statu\n-00016b90: 730a 2020 2020 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c s. bar shoul\n-00016ba0: 6420 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6861 7420 d indicate that \n-00016bb0: 3920 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2061 7265 9 rectangles are\n-00016bc0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 642e 0a20 2037 2e20 selected.. 7. \n-00016bd0: 436c 6963 6b20 7468 6520 6c61 7965 7220 Click the layer \n-00016be0: 6869 6465 2069 636f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 hide icon for th\n-00016bf0: 6520 736c 6963 6520 6c61 7965 7220 696e e slice layer in\n-00016c00: 2074 6865 206c 6179 6572 2070 616c 6574 the layer palet\n-00016c10: 7465 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6563 te.. The rec\n-00016c20: 7461 6e67 6c65 7320 7769 6c6c 2072 656d tangles will rem\n-00016c30: 6169 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 6576 ain selected, ev\n-00016c40: 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 6579 2061 en though they a\n-00016c50: 7265 2068 6964 6465 6e2e 0a20 2038 2e20 re hidden.. 8. \n-00016c60: 4368 6f6f 7365 2046 696c 6520 7c20 4578 Choose File | Ex\n-00016c70: 706f 7274 2042 6974 6d61 7020 616e 6420 port Bitmap and \n-00016c80: 6368 6563 6b20 7468 6520 2a42 6174 6368 check the *Batch\n-00016c90: 2065 7870 6f72 7420 3920 7365 6c65 6374 export 9 select\n-00016ca0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6f62 6a65 6374 732a ed. objects*\n-00016cb0: 2062 6f78 2e20 204d 616b 6520 7375 7265 box. Make sure\n-00016cc0: 2074 6861 7420 2a48 6964 6520 616c 6c20 that *Hide all \n-00016cd0: 6578 6365 7074 2073 656c 6563 7465 642a except selected*\n-00016ce0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6865 636b is. uncheck\n-00016cf0: 6564 2e20 2063 6c69 636b 202a 4578 706f ed. click *Expo\n-00016d00: 7274 2a2e 2020 5468 6973 2077 696c 6c20 rt*. This will \n-00016d10: 6372 6561 7465 2050 4e47 2066 696c 6573 create PNG files\n-00016d20: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 in the same. \n-00016d30: 2020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2074 directory as t\n-00016d40: 6865 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2c20 6e61 6d65 he drawing, name\n-00016d50: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 736c 6963 d after the slic\n-00016d60: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2063 616e 206e es. 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Left \n-00017260: 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 for backward. \n-00017270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017280: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 compatibilit\n-00017290: 792e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 y..desktop-image\n-000172a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 Specif\n-000172b0: 6965 7320 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f ies the image to\n-000172c0: 2075 7365 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 use as the. \n+00017220: 2020 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c compatibil\n+00017230: 6974 792e 0a6d 6573 7361 6765 2d62 672d ity..message-bg-\n+00017240: 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 4375 7272 color Curr\n+00017250: 656e 746c 7920 756e 7573 6564 2e20 204c ently unused. L\n+00017260: 6566 7420 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 eft for backward\n+00017270: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6174 6962 compatib\n+00017290: 696c 6974 792e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 ility..desktop-i\n+000172a0: 6d61 6765 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 mage Sp\n+000172b0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 696d 6167 ecifies the imag\n+000172c0: 6520 746f 2075 7365 2061 7320 7468 650a e to use as the.\n 000172d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000172e0: 2020 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 642e 2020 background. \n-000172f0: 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6361 6c65 It will be scale\n-00017300: 6420 746f 2066 6974 2074 6865 0a20 2020 d to fit the. \n-00017310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017320: 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e 2073 697a 6520 screen size \n-00017330: 6f72 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c or proportionall\n-00017340: 7920 7363 616c 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 y scaled. \n+000172e0: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e backgroun\n+000172f0: 642e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 d. It will be s\n+00017300: 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2066 6974 2074 6865 caled to fit the\n+00017310: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e 2073 screen s\n+00017330: 697a 6520 6f72 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f ize or proportio\n+00017340: 6e61 6c6c 7920 7363 616c 6564 0a20 2020 nally scaled. \n 00017350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017360: 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 depending on the\n-00017370: 2073 6361 6c65 206d 6574 686f 642e 0a64 scale method..d\n-00017380: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d73 6361 esktop-image-sca\n-00017390: 6c65 2d6d 6574 686f 6453 7065 6369 6669 le-methodSpecifi\n-000173a0: 6573 2074 6865 2073 6361 6c69 6e67 206d es the scaling m\n-000173b0: 6574 686f 6420 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 ethod for the. \n-000173c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000173d0: 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d *desktop-im\n-000173e0: 6167 652a 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 age*. Options a\n-000173f0: 7265 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2c0a 2020 re \"stretch\",. \n-00017400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017410: 2020 2020 2022 6372 6f70 222c 2022 7061 \"crop\", \"pa\n-00017420: 6464 696e 6722 2c20 2266 6974 7769 6474 dding\", \"fitwidt\n-00017430: 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h\",. \n-00017440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6669 7468 \"fith\n-00017450: 6569 6768 7422 2e20 2022 7374 7265 7463 eight\". \"stretc\n-00017460: 6822 2066 6f72 2066 6974 7469 6e67 2074 h\" for fitting t\n-00017470: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n-00017480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e screen\n-00017490: 2073 697a 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 size. Otherwis\n-000174a0: 6520 6974 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e it is. \n-000174b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n-000174c0: 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c20 7363 616c roportional scal\n-000174d0: 696e 6720 6f66 2061 2070 6172 7420 6f66 ing of a part of\n-000174e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 *desktop\n-00017500: 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 746f 2074 6865 2070 -image* to the p\n-00017510: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 art of the. \n+00017360: 2020 2020 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e depending on\n+00017370: 2074 6865 2073 6361 6c65 206d 6574 686f the scale metho\n+00017380: 642e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 d..desktop-image\n+00017390: 2d73 6361 6c65 2d6d 6574 686f 6453 7065 -scale-methodSpe\n+000173a0: 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2073 6361 6c69 cifies the scali\n+000173b0: 6e67 206d 6574 686f 6420 666f 7220 7468 ng method for th\n+000173c0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+000173d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f *deskto\n+000173e0: 702d 696d 6167 652a 2e20 204f 7074 696f p-image*. Optio\n+000173f0: 6e73 2061 7265 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 ns are \"stretch\"\n+00017400: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,. \n+00017410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6372 6f70 222c \"crop\",\n+00017420: 2022 7061 6464 696e 6722 2c20 2266 6974 \"padding\", \"fit\n+00017430: 7769 6474 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 width\",. \n+00017440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+00017450: 6669 7468 6569 6768 7422 2e20 2022 7374 fitheight\". \"st\n+00017460: 7265 7463 6822 2066 6f72 2066 6974 7469 retch\" for fitti\n+00017470: 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng the. \n+00017480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n+00017490: 7265 656e 2073 697a 652e 2020 4f74 6865 reen size. Othe\n+000174a0: 7277 6973 6520 6974 2069 730a 2020 2020 rwise it is. \n+000174b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000174c0: 2020 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c20 proportional \n+000174d0: 7363 616c 696e 6720 6f66 2061 2070 6172 scaling of a par\n+000174e0: 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t of. \n+000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 *des\n+00017500: 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 746f 2074 ktop-image* to t\n+00017510: 6865 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 he part of the. \n 00017520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017530: 2020 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2022 6372 6f70 screen. \"crop\n-00017540: 2220 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 \" part of the. \n-00017550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017560: 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d *desktop-im\n-00017570: 6167 652a 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f age* will be pro\n-00017580: 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 portionally. \n+00017530: 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2022 screen. \"\n+00017540: 6372 6f70 2220 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 crop\" part of th\n+00017550: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00017560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f *deskto\n+00017570: 702d 696d 6167 652a 2077 696c 6c20 6265 p-image* will be\n+00017580: 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a proportionally.\n 00017590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000175a0: 2020 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2066 6974 scaled to fit\n-000175b0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 the screen size\n-000175c0: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s.. \n-000175d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 6164 6469 \"paddi\n-000175e0: 6e67 2220 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 202a ng\" the entire *\n-000175f0: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2077 desktop-image* w\n-00017600: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill. \n-00017610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6520 636f be co\n-00017620: 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 ntained on the s\n-00017630: 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 2266 6974 7769 6474 creen. \"fitwidt\n-00017640: 6822 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h\". \n-00017650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 7220 6669 for fi\n-00017660: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 tting the *deskt\n-00017670: 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 7769 6474 op-image*'s widt\n-00017680: 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h. \n-00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7363 with sc\n-000176a0: 7265 656e 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2022 6669 reen width. \"fi\n-000176b0: 7468 6569 6768 7422 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 theight\" for. \n-000176c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000176d0: 2020 2020 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 fitting the \n-000176e0: 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 *desktop-image*'\n-000176f0: 7320 6865 6967 6874 2077 6974 680a 2020 s height with. \n-00017700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017710: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 the screen \n-00017720: 6865 6967 6874 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 height. Default\n-00017730: 2069 7320 2273 7472 6574 6368 222e 0a64 is \"stretch\"..d\n-00017740: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d68 2d61 esktop-image-h-a\n-00017750: 6c69 676e 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 lign Specifies \n-00017760: 7468 6520 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 the horizontal a\n-00017770: 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 650a lignment of the.\n-00017780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017790: 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d *desktop-\n-000177a0: 696d 6167 652a 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 image* if. \n+000175a0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f scaled to\n+000175b0: 2066 6974 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 fit the screen \n+000175c0: 7369 7a65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sizes.. \n+000175d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 \"p\n+000175e0: 6164 6469 6e67 2220 7468 6520 656e 7469 adding\" the enti\n+000175f0: 7265 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 re *desktop-imag\n+00017600: 652a 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e* will. \n+00017610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n+00017620: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 6f6e 2074 e contained on t\n+00017630: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 2266 6974 he screen. \"fit\n+00017640: 7769 6474 6822 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 width\". \n+00017650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f fo\n+00017660: 7220 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2a64 r fitting the *d\n+00017670: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 esktop-image*'s \n+00017680: 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 width. \n+00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 wit\n+000176a0: 6820 7363 7265 656e 2077 6964 7468 2e20 h screen width. \n+000176b0: 2022 6669 7468 6569 6768 7422 2066 6f72 \"fitheight\" for\n+000176c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000176d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 7474 696e 6720 fitting \n+000176e0: 7468 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 the *desktop-ima\n+000176f0: 6765 2a27 7320 6865 6967 6874 2077 6974 ge*'s height wit\n+00017700: 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h. \n+00017710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 the scr\n+00017720: 6565 6e20 6865 6967 6874 2e20 2044 6566 een height. Def\n+00017730: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2273 7472 6574 6368 ault is \"stretch\n+00017740: 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 \"..desktop-image\n+00017750: 2d68 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 5370 6563 6966 -h-align Specif\n+00017760: 6965 7320 7468 6520 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 ies the horizont\n+00017770: 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 al alignment of \n+00017780: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b *desk\n+000177a0: 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 660a 2020 top-image* if. \n 000177b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000177c0: 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d *desktop-image-\n-000177d0: 7363 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 2a20 6973 scale-method* is\n-000177e0: 6e27 7420 6571 7565 616c 0a20 2020 2020 n't equeal. \n+000177c0: 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d *desktop-im\n+000177d0: 6167 652d 7363 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 age-scale-method\n+000177e0: 2a20 6973 6e27 7420 6571 7565 616c 0a20 * isn't equeal. \n 000177f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017800: 2020 746f 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2e20 to \"stretch\". \n-00017810: 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 6c65 Options are \"le\n-00017820: 6674 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ft\",. \n-00017830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e \"cen\n-00017840: 7465 7222 2c20 2272 6967 6874 222e 2020 ter\", \"right\". \n-00017850: 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6365 6e74 Default is \"cent\n-00017860: 6572 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 er\"..desktop-ima\n-00017870: 6765 2d76 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 5370 6563 ge-v-align Spec\n-00017880: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7665 7274 6963 ifies the vertic\n-00017890: 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 al alignment of \n-000178a0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-000178b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b *desk\n-000178c0: 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 660a 2020 top-image* if. \n-000178d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000178e0: 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d *desktop-im\n-000178f0: 6167 652d 7363 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 age-scale-method\n-00017900: 2a20 6973 6e27 7420 6571 7565 616c 0a20 * isn't equeal. \n-00017910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017920: 2020 2020 2020 746f 2022 7374 7265 7463 to \"stretc\n-00017930: 6822 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 h\". Options are\n-00017940: 2022 746f 7022 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 \"top\",. \n-00017950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-00017960: 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 626f 7474 6f6d center\", \"bottom\n-00017970: 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 \". Default is \"\n-00017980: 6365 6e74 6572 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 center\"..desktop\n-00017990: 2d63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 -color \n-000179a0: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 636f Specifies the co\n-000179b0: 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 6261 636b lor for the back\n-000179c0: 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 ground if. \n+00017800: 2020 2020 2020 746f 2022 7374 7265 7463 to \"stretc\n+00017810: 6822 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 h\". Options are\n+00017820: 2022 6c65 6674 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 \"left\",. \n+00017830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017840: 2263 656e 7465 7222 2c20 2272 6967 6874 \"center\", \"right\n+00017850: 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 \". Default is \"\n+00017860: 6365 6e74 6572 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 center\"..desktop\n+00017870: 2d69 6d61 6765 2d76 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 -image-v-align \n+00017880: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7665 Specifies the ve\n+00017890: 7274 6963 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 rtical alignment\n+000178a0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+000178b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a *\n+000178c0: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 desktop-image* i\n+000178d0: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f. \n+000178e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f *deskto\n+000178f0: 702d 696d 6167 652d 7363 616c 652d 6d65 p-image-scale-me\n+00017900: 7468 6f64 2a20 6973 6e27 7420 6571 7565 thod* isn't eque\n+00017910: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al. \n+00017920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f 2022 7374 to \"st\n+00017930: 7265 7463 6822 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 retch\". 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If the. \n 00017c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017c10: 2020 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 616e 7920 image for any \n-00017c20: 736c 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 slice is not fou\n-00017c30: 6e64 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 nd, it will. \n+00017c10: 2020 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 image for \n+00017c20: 616e 7920 736c 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f74 any slice is not\n+00017c30: 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c0a found, it will.\n 00017c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017c50: 2020 2073 696d 706c 7920 6265 206c 6566 simply be lef\n-00017c60: 7420 656d 7074 792e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 t empty..termina\n-00017c70: 6c2d 626f 7264 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 l-border \n-00017c80: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 626f Specifies the bo\n-00017c90: 7264 6572 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 7468 rder width of th\n-00017ca0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 termina\n-00017cc0: 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 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Example:.\n-000188f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018900: 2020 2020 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 6672 \"progress_fr\n-00018910: 616d 655f 2a2e 706e 6722 2049 6620 7468 ame_*.png\" If th\n-00018920: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c e value is equal\n-00018930: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n-00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2268 6967 686c 6967 \"highlig\n-00018950: 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e ht_style\" then n\n-00018960: 6f20 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 o styled boxes w\n-00018970: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill be. \n-00018980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 686f 776e shown\n-00018990: 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 .. highlight\n-000189a0: 5f73 7479 6c65 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 _styleThe styled\n-000189b0: 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 box specificati\n-000189c0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c on for the highl\n-000189d0: 6967 6874 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ighted. \n-000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 696f regio\n-000189f0: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 n of the progres\n-00018a00: 7320 6261 722e 2020 5468 6973 2062 6f78 s bar. This box\n-00018a10: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n-00018a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 use\n-00018a30: 6420 746f 2070 6169 6e74 206a 7573 7420 d to paint just \n-00018a40: 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 the highlighted \n-00018a50: 7265 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 region of the. \n-00018a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018a70: 2020 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 bar, and will \n-00018a80: 6265 2069 6e63 7265 6173 6564 2069 6e20 be increased in \n-00018a90: 7369 7a65 2061 7320 7468 6520 6261 720a size as the bar.\n-00018aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ab0: 2020 2020 6e65 6172 7320 636f 6d70 6c65 nears comple\n-00018ac0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a20 tion. Example: \n-00018ad0: 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 686c 5f2a 2e70 \"progress_hl_*.p\n-00018ae0: 6e67 222e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng\".. \n-00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 If the \n-00018b00: 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 value is equal t\n-00018b10: 6f20 2262 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 o \"bar_style\" th\n-00018b20: 656e 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 en no. \n-00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7374 796c 6564 styled\n-00018b40: 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 boxes will be s\n-00018b50: 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c hown.. highl\n-00018b60: 6967 6874 5f6f 7665 726c 6179 4966 2074 ight_overlayIf t\n-00018b70: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n-00018b80: 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 2220 7468 656e t to \"true\" then\n-00018b90: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 highlig\n-00018bb0: 6874 2062 6f78 2073 6964 6520 736c 6963 ht box side slic\n-00018bc0: 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 es (every slice \n-00018bd0: 6578 6365 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 except. \n-00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 the c\n-00018bf0: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6529 2077 696c enter slice) wil\n-00018c00: 6c20 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6672 l overlay the fr\n-00018c10: 616d 6520 626f 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame box. \n-00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 6465 side\n-00018c30: 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e 6420 7468 slices. And th\n-00018c40: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f e center slice o\n-00018c50: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n-00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 highli\n-00018c70: 6768 7420 626f 7820 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 ght box can move\n-00018c80: 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2077 6179 2028 6672 all the way (fr\n-00018c90: 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 om top to. \n-00018ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f bo\n-00018cb0: 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 2064 7261 ttom), being dra\n-00018cc0: 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 wn on the center\n-00018cd0: 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 slice of the. \n-00018ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018cf0: 2020 6672 616d 6520 626f 782e 2020 5468 frame box. 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If \"id\" is s\n+000182e0: 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et to. \n+000182f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 225f 5f74 696d \"__tim\n+00018300: 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e 6420 6e6f 2022 eout__\" and no \"\n+00018310: 7465 7874 2220 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2069 text\" property i\n+00018320: 7320 7365 7420 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 s set then. \n+00018330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+00018340: 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 6563 he amount of sec\n+00018350: 6f6e 6473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f onds will be sho\n+00018360: 776e 2e20 2049 6620 7365 7420 746f 0a20 wn. 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Options\n+000184e0: 2061 7265 2022 6c65 6674 222c 2022 6365 are \"left\", \"ce\n+000184f0: 6e74 6572 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 nter\" and. \n+00018500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2272 \"r\n+00018510: 6967 6874 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 ight\".. visi\n+00018520: 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 ble Set t\n+00018530: 6f20 2266 616c 7365 2220 746f 2068 6964 o \"false\" to hid\n+00018540: 6520 7468 6520 6c61 6265 6c2e 0a0a 2020 e the label... \n+00018550: 20e2 80a2 2069 6d61 6765 2041 2063 6f6d ... image A com\n+00018560: 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6469 7370 ponent that disp\n+00018570: 6c61 7973 2061 6e20 696d 6167 652e 2020 lays an image. \n+00018580: 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6973 2073 6361 The image is sca\n+00018590: 6c65 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7420 led to. fit \n+000185a0: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 0a0a the component...\n+000185b0: 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a Properties:\n+000185c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 .. file \n+000185d0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6675 6c6c 2070 The full p\n+000185e0: 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 ath to the image\n+000185f0: 2066 696c 6520 746f 206c 6f61 642e 0a0a file to load...\n+00018600: 2020 20e2 80a2 2070 726f 6772 6573 735f ... progress_\n+00018610: 6261 7220 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2068 bar Displays a h\n+00018620: 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c6c 7920 6f72 6965 orizontally orie\n+00018630: 6e74 6564 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 nted progress ba\n+00018640: 722e 2020 4974 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 r. It can. \n+00018650: 6265 2072 656e 6465 7265 6420 7573 696e be rendered usin\n+00018660: 6720 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 6f6c 6964 2066 g simple solid f\n+00018670: 696c 6c65 6420 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 illed rectangles\n+00018680: 2c20 6f72 2075 7369 6e67 2061 2070 6169 , or using a pai\n+00018690: 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7069 786d 6170 r. of pixmap\n+000186a0: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 732e 0a0a styled boxes...\n+000186b0: 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a Properties:\n+000186c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 2020 2020 2020 .. id \n+000186d0: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f Set to \"__\n+000186e0: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 timeout__\" to di\n+000186f0: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 2065 splay the time e\n+00018700: 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lapsed. \n+00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 616e to an\n+00018720: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 2062 6f6f automatical boo\n+00018730: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 t of the default\n+00018740: 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 675f entry.. fg_\n+00018750: 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 color The \n+00018760: 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 foreground color\n+00018770: 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 for plain solid\n+00018780: 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 color. \n+00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 rende\n+000187a0: 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 675f 636f ring.. bg_co\n+000187b0: 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6261 lor The ba\n+000187c0: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 ckground color f\n+000187d0: 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 or plain solid c\n+000187e0: 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 olor. \n+000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 renderi\n+00018800: 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f72 6465 725f ng.. border_\n+00018810: 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 5468 6520 626f 7264 color The bord\n+00018820: 6572 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 er color for pla\n+00018830: 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 in solid color. \n+00018840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018850: 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 rendering.. \n+00018860: 2020 2074 6578 745f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 text_color \n+00018870: 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6c 6f72 The text color\n+00018880: 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 .. bar_style\n+00018890: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 The styled\n+000188a0: 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 box specificati\n+000188b0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 on for the frame\n+000188c0: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 of. \n+000188d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7072 6f67 the prog\n+000188e0: 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 ress bar. Examp\n+000188f0: 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le:. \n+00018900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 726f 6772 6573 \"progres\n+00018910: 735f 6672 616d 655f 2a2e 706e 6722 2049 s_frame_*.png\" I\n+00018920: 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 f the value is e\n+00018930: 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 qual to. \n+00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2268 6967 \"hig\n+00018950: 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 hlight_style\" th\n+00018960: 656e 206e 6f20 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 en no styled box\n+00018970: 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 es will be. \n+00018980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+00018990: 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c hown.. highl\n+000189a0: 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 5468 6520 7374 ight_styleThe st\n+000189b0: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 yled box specifi\n+000189c0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2068 cation for the h\n+000189d0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 0a20 2020 2020 ighlighted. \n+000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 r\n+000189f0: 6567 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 726f egion of the pro\n+00018a00: 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 5468 6973 gress bar. This\n+00018a10: 2062 6f78 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 box will be. \n+00018a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018a30: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2070 6169 6e74 206a used to paint j\n+00018a40: 7573 7420 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 ust the highligh\n+00018a50: 7465 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 ted region of th\n+00018a60: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00018a70: 2020 2020 2020 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2077 bar, and w\n+00018a80: 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e63 7265 6173 6564 ill be increased\n+00018a90: 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2061 7320 7468 6520 in size as the \n+00018aa0: 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bar. \n+00018ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 6172 7320 636f nears co\n+00018ac0: 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 mpletion. Examp\n+00018ad0: 6c65 3a20 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 686c le: \"progress_hl\n+00018ae0: 5f2a 2e70 6e67 222e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 _*.png\".. \n+00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6620 If \n+00018b00: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 the value is equ\n+00018b10: 616c 2074 6f20 2262 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 al to \"bar_style\n+00018b20: 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 \" then no. \n+00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7374 st\n+00018b40: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 yled boxes will \n+00018b50: 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 be shown.. h\n+00018b60: 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f6f 7665 726c 6179 ighlight_overlay\n+00018b70: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n+00018b80: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 2220 s set to \"true\" \n+00018b90: 7468 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 then the. \n+00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6967 hig\n+00018bb0: 686c 6967 6874 2062 6f78 2073 6964 6520 hlight box side \n+00018bc0: 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c slices (every sl\n+00018bd0: 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 0a20 2020 2020 ice except. \n+00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+00018bf0: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6529 he center slice)\n+00018c00: 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 7468 will overlay th\n+00018c10: 6520 6672 616d 6520 626f 780a 2020 2020 e frame box. \n+00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018c30: 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e side slices. An\n+00018c40: 6420 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 d the center sli\n+00018c50: 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 ce of the. \n+00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6869 hi\n+00018c70: 6768 6c69 6768 7420 626f 7820 6361 6e20 ghlight box can \n+00018c80: 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2077 6179 move all the way\n+00018c90: 2028 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 6f0a 2020 (from top to. \n+00018ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018cb0: 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 bottom), being\n+00018cc0: 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 drawn on the ce\n+00018cd0: 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 nter slice of th\n+00018ce0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00018cf0: 2020 2020 2020 6672 616d 6520 626f 782e frame box.\n+00018d00: 2020 5468 6174 2077 6179 2077 6520 6361 That way we ca\n+00018d10: 6e20 6d61 6b65 2061 2070 726f 6772 6573 n make a progres\n+00018d20: 7320 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s bar. \n+00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2072 with r\n+00018d40: 6f75 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 6420 6564 6765 ound-shaped edge\n+00018d50: 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 s so there won't\n+00018d60: 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 be a free. \n+00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+00018d80: 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6869 pace from the hi\n+00018d90: 6768 6c69 6768 7420 746f 2074 6865 2066 ghlight to the f\n+00018da0: 7261 6d65 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e 640a rame in top and.\n 00018db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018dc0: 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 bottom scrollbar\n-00018dd0: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2044 6566 positions. Def\n-00018de0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e ault is \"false\".\n-00018df0: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 . font \n-00018e00: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 746f The font to\n-00018e10: 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2070 726f 6772 6573 use for progres\n-00018e20: 7320 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7465 7874 s bar.. text\n-00018e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 The t\n-00018e40: 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 206f ext to display o\n-00018e50: 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 n the progress b\n-00018e60: 6172 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 ar. If the. \n+00018dc0: 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c bottom scrol\n+00018dd0: 6c62 6172 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 lbar positions. \n+00018de0: 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c Default is \"fal\n+00018df0: 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6e74 2020 se\".. font \n+00018e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e The fon\n+00018e10: 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2070 726f t to use for pro\n+00018e20: 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 gress bar.. \n+00018e30: 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 text T\n+00018e40: 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 706c he text to displ\n+00018e50: 6179 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 ay on the progre\n+00018e60: 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a ss bar. If the.\n 00018e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018e80: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2773 2049 progress bar's I\n-00018e90: 4420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 D is set to \"__t\n-00018ea0: 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e 640a 2020 imeout__\" and. \n-00018eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ec0: 2020 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 the value of t\n-00018ed0: 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2069 7320 his property is \n-00018ee0: 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 set to. \n-00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d \"@TIM\n-00018f00: 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f EOUT_NOTIFICATIO\n-00018f10: 4e5f 5348 4f52 5440 222c 0a20 2020 2020 N_SHORT@\",. \n-00018f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-00018f30: 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 @TIMEOUT_NOTIFIC\n-00018f40: 4154 494f 4e5f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f ATION_MIDDLE@\" o\n-00018f50: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n-00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f \"@TIMEOUT_\n-00018f70: 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4c 4f4e NOTIFICATION_LON\n-00018f80: 4740 222c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 G@\", then GRUB w\n-00018f90: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill. \n-00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7570 6461 7465 2074 update t\n-00018fb0: 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2077 6974 his property wit\n-00018fc0: 6820 616e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 h an informative\n-00018fd0: 206d 6573 7361 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 message. \n-00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7320 as \n-00018ff0: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6170 7072 the timeout appr\n-00019000: 6f61 6368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 oaches... ... \n-00019010: 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 circular_progres\n-00019020: 7320 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2063 6972 s Displays a cir\n-00019030: 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2069 cular progress i\n-00019040: 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 ndicator. The. \n-00019050: 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f appearance o\n-00019060: 6620 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 f this component\n-00019070: 2069 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 2062 is determined b\n-00019080: 7920 7477 6f20 696d 6167 6573 3a20 7468 y two images: th\n-00019090: 650a 2020 2020 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a20 e. *center* \n-000190a0: 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 2a74 image and the *t\n-000190b0: 6963 6b2a 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 ick* image. The\n-000190c0: 2063 656e 7465 7220 696d 6167 6520 6973 center image is\n-000190d0: 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 generally. \n-000190e0: 6c61 7267 6572 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 larger and will \n-000190f0: 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 be drawn in the \n-00019100: 6365 6e74 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f center of the co\n-00019110: 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 mponent. Around\n-00019120: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d . the circum\n-00019130: 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6972 ference of a cir\n-00019140: 636c 6520 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2063 cle within the c\n-00019150: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2c20 7468 6520 7469 omponent, the ti\n-00019160: 636b 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 7769 ck image. wi\n-00019170: 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6120 6365 ll be drawn a ce\n-00019180: 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 rtain number of \n-00019190: 7469 6d65 732c 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 times, depending\n-000191a0: 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 726f on the. pro\n-000191b0: 7065 7274 6965 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 perties of the c\n-000191c0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 omponent... \n-000191d0: 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 Properties:.. \n-000191e0: 2020 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n-000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 Set to \n-00019200: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 746f \"__timeout__\" to\n-00019210: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2074 696d display the tim\n-00019220: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c el\n-00019240: 6170 7365 6420 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f apsed to an auto\n-00019250: 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 626f 6f74 206f 6620 matical boot of \n-00019260: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00018e80: 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 progress bar\n+00018e90: 2773 2049 4420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 's ID is set to \n+00018ea0: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e \"__timeout__\" an\n+00018eb0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 the value \n+00018ed0: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 of this property\n+00018ee0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 is set to. \n+00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+00018f00: 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 @TIMEOUT_NOTIFIC\n+00018f10: 4154 494f 4e5f 5348 4f52 5440 222c 0a20 ATION_SHORT@\",. \n+00018f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018f30: 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 \"@TIMEOUT_NOT\n+00018f40: 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4d49 4444 4c45 IFICATION_MIDDLE\n+00018f50: 4022 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 @\" or. \n+00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 \"@TIME\n+00018f70: 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e OUT_NOTIFICATION\n+00018f80: 5f4c 4f4e 4740 222c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 _LONG@\", then GR\n+00018f90: 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 UB will. \n+00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7570 6461 upda\n+00018fb0: 7465 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 te this property\n+00018fc0: 2077 6974 6820 616e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 with an informa\n+00018fd0: 7469 7665 206d 6573 7361 6765 0a20 2020 tive message. \n+00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018ff0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 as the timeout \n+00019000: 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 approaches... \n+00019010: e280 a220 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f ... circular_pro\n+00019020: 6772 6573 7320 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 gress Displays a\n+00019030: 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 circular progre\n+00019040: 7373 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e20 2054 ss indicator. T\n+00019050: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 616e he. appearan\n+00019060: 6365 206f 6620 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 706f ce of this compo\n+00019070: 6e65 6e74 2069 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e nent is determin\n+00019080: 6564 2062 7920 7477 6f20 696d 6167 6573 ed by two images\n+00019090: 3a20 7468 650a 2020 2020 202a 6365 6e74 : the. *cent\n+000190a0: 6572 2a20 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7468 er* image and th\n+000190b0: 6520 2a74 6963 6b2a 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 e *tick* image. \n+000190c0: 2054 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 696d 6167 The center imag\n+000190d0: 6520 6973 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 0a20 e is generally. \n+000190e0: 2020 2020 6c61 7267 6572 2061 6e64 2077 larger and w\n+000190f0: 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 ill be drawn in \n+00019100: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 206f 6620 7468 the center of th\n+00019110: 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 4172 e component. Ar\n+00019120: 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6369 ound. the ci\n+00019130: 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 rcumference of a\n+00019140: 2063 6972 636c 6520 7769 7468 696e 2074 circle within t\n+00019150: 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2c20 7468 he component, th\n+00019160: 6520 7469 636b 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 e tick image. \n+00019170: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 will be drawn \n+00019180: 6120 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 a certain number\n+00019190: 206f 6620 7469 6d65 732c 2064 6570 656e of times, depen\n+000191a0: 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ding on the. \n+000191b0: 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 6f66 2074 properties of t\n+000191c0: 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 he component... \n+000191d0: 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a Properties:.\n+000191e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 . id \n+000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n+00019200: 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f to \"__timeout__\n+00019210: 2220 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 \" to display the\n+00019220: 2074 696d 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 time. \n+00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019240: 2020 656c 6170 7365 6420 746f 2061 6e20 elapsed to an \n+00019250: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 626f 6f74 automatical boot\n+00019260: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n 00019270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019280: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 default entry.. \n-00019290: 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 5f62 6974 6d61 center_bitma\n-000192a0: 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 p The f\n-000192b0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 ile name of the \n-000192c0: 696d 6167 6520 746f 2064 7261 7720 696e image to draw in\n-000192d0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00019280: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 default entr\n+00019290: 792e 0a20 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 5f62 y.. center_b\n+000192a0: 6974 6d61 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 itmap T\n+000192b0: 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 he file name of \n+000192c0: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2064 7261 the image to dra\n+000192d0: 7720 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 w in the. \n 000192e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000192f0: 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 center of the c\n-00019300: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 omponent.. t\n-00019310: 6963 6b5f 6269 746d 6170 2020 2020 2020 ick_bitmap \n-00019320: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 206e The file n\n-00019330: 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 ame of the image\n-00019340: 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 to draw for. \n-00019350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 6963 the tic\n-00019370: 6b20 6d61 726b 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 k marks.. nu\n-00019380: 6d5f 7469 636b 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 m_ticks \n-00019390: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 The number \n-000193a0: 6f66 2074 6963 6b73 2074 6861 7420 6d61 of ticks that ma\n-000193b0: 6b65 2075 7020 6120 6675 6c6c 0a20 2020 ke up a full. \n-000193c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6972 636c 652e circle.\n-000193e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b 735f 6469 7361 . ticks_disa\n-000193f0: 7070 6561 7220 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f ppear Boo\n-00019400: 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e64 6963 lean value indic\n-00019410: 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 7220 7469 ating whether ti\n-00019420: 636b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ck. \n-00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d m\n-00019440: 6172 6b73 2073 686f 756c 6420 7072 6f67 arks should prog\n-00019450: 7265 7373 6976 656c 7920 6170 7065 6172 ressively appear\n-00019460: 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 , or. \n+000192f0: 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 2074 center of t\n+00019300: 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 2020 he component.. \n+00019310: 2020 2074 6963 6b5f 6269 746d 6170 2020 tick_bitmap \n+00019320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 The fi\n+00019330: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 le name of the i\n+00019340: 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2066 6f72 mage to draw for\n+00019350: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n+00019370: 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 732e 0a20 2020 tick marks.. \n+00019380: 2020 6e75 6d5f 7469 636b 7320 2020 2020 num_ticks \n+00019390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 756d The num\n+000193a0: 6265 7220 6f66 2074 6963 6b73 2074 6861 ber of ticks tha\n+000193b0: 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 6120 6675 6c6c t make up a full\n+000193c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6972 cir\n+000193e0: 636c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b 735f cle.. ticks_\n+000193f0: 6469 7361 7070 6561 7220 2020 2020 2020 disappear \n+00019400: 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 Boolean value i\n+00019410: 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 ndicating whethe\n+00019420: 7220 7469 636b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 r tick. \n+00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019440: 2020 206d 6172 6b73 2073 686f 756c 6420 marks should \n+00019450: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 6976 656c 7920 6170 progressively ap\n+00019460: 7065 6172 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 pear, or. \n 00019470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019480: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7369 7665 6c79 2064 progressively d\n-00019490: 6973 6170 7065 6172 2061 7320 2a76 616c isappear as *val\n-000194a0: 7565 2a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue*. \n+00019480: 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 6573 7369 7665 progressive\n+00019490: 6c79 2064 6973 6170 7065 6172 2061 7320 ly disappear as \n+000194a0: 2a76 616c 7565 2a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 *value*. \n 000194b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000194c0: 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 202a 656e 642a approaches *end*\n-000194d0: 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 2022 7472 7565 . Specify \"true\n-000194e0: 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" or. \n+000194c0: 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 202a approaches *\n+000194d0: 656e 642a 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 2022 end*. Specify \"\n+000194e0: 7472 7565 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 true\" or. \n 000194f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019500: 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e20 2044 6566 6175 \"false\". Defau\n-00019510: 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 lt is \"false\".. \n-00019520: 2020 2020 7374 6172 745f 616e 676c 6520 start_angle \n-00019530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 The p\n-00019540: 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 osition of the f\n-00019550: 6972 7374 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 2074 irst tick mark t\n-00019560: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n-00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 ap\n-00019580: 7065 6172 206f 7220 6469 7361 7070 6561 pear or disappea\n-00019590: 722e 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2069 6e0a r. Measured in.\n-000195a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 6172 \"par\n-000195c0: 726f 7473 222c 2031 2022 7061 7272 6f74 rots\", 1 \"parrot\n-000195d0: 2220 3d20 3120 2f20 3235 3620 6f66 2074 \" = 1 / 256 of t\n-000195e0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n-000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 f\n-00019600: 756c 6c20 6369 7263 6c65 2e20 2055 7365 ull circle. Use\n-00019610: 2076 616c 7565 7320 2278 7878 2064 6567 values \"xxx deg\n-00019620: 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" or. \n+00019500: 2020 2020 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e20 2044 \"false\". D\n+00019510: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 efault is \"false\n+00019520: 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6172 745f 616e \".. start_an\n+00019530: 676c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 gle T\n+00019540: 6865 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 he position of t\n+00019550: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 he first tick ma\n+00019560: 726b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rk to. \n+00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019580: 2020 6170 7065 6172 206f 7220 6469 7361 appear or disa\n+00019590: 7070 6561 722e 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 ppear. Measured\n+000195a0: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n+000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000195c0: 2270 6172 726f 7473 222c 2031 2022 7061 \"parrots\", 1 \"pa\n+000195d0: 7272 6f74 2220 3d20 3120 2f20 3235 3620 rrot\" = 1 / 256 \n+000195e0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019600: 2020 2066 756c 6c20 6369 7263 6c65 2e20 full circle. \n+00019610: 2055 7365 2076 616c 7565 7320 2278 7878 Use values \"xxx\n+00019620: 2064 6567 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 deg\" or. \n 00019630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019640: 2022 7878 7820 5c78 6332 5c78 6230 2220 \"xxx \\xc2\\xb0\" \n-00019650: 746f 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 6e67 6c65 to set the angle\n-00019660: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n+00019640: 2020 2020 2022 7878 7820 5c78 6332 5c78 \"xxx \\xc2\\x\n+00019650: 6230 2220 746f 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 b0\" to set the a\n+00019660: 6e67 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ngle in. \n 00019670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019680: 6465 6772 6565 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 degrees... ...\n-00019690: 2062 6f6f 745f 6d65 6e75 2044 6973 706c boot_menu Displ\n-000196a0: 6179 7320 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f ays the GRUB boo\n-000196b0: 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 7420 616c 6c6f t menu. It allo\n-000196c0: 7773 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 2069 7465 ws selecting ite\n-000196d0: 6d73 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 6563 ms. and exec\n-000196e0: 7574 696e 6720 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 uting them... \n-000196f0: 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 Properties:.. \n-00019700: 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 2020 item_font \n-00019710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019720: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 The font to us\n-00019730: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 e for the menu i\n-00019740: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tem. \n+00019680: 2020 2020 6465 6772 6565 732e 0a0a 2020 degrees... \n+00019690: 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 745f 6d65 6e75 2044 ... boot_menu D\n+000196a0: 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 4752 5542 isplays the GRUB\n+000196b0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 7420 boot menu. It \n+000196c0: 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 allows selecting\n+000196d0: 2069 7465 6d73 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 items. and \n+000196e0: 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 7468 656d 2e0a executing them..\n+000196f0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 . Properties\n+00019700: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e :.. item_fon\n+00019710: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+00019720: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 The font t\n+00019730: 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 o use for the me\n+00019740: 6e75 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 nu item. \n 00019750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 732e 0a20 titles.. \n-00019770: 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 7465 selected_ite\n-00019780: 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m_font \n-00019790: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 The font to us\n-000197a0: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 e for the select\n-000197b0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n+00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 title\n+00019770: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 s.. selected\n+00019780: 5f69 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 _item_font \n+00019790: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 The font t\n+000197a0: 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 o use for the se\n+000197b0: 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lected. \n 000197c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c menu item,\n-000197e0: 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 or \"inherit\" (t\n-000197f0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 menu i\n+000197e0: 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 tem, or \"inherit\n+000197f0: 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" (the. \n 00019800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019810: 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 default) t\n-00019820: 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 o use \"item_font\n-00019830: 2220 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" for. \n+00019810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c defaul\n+00019820: 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 6d5f t) to use \"item_\n+00019830: 666f 6e74 2220 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 font\" for. \n 00019840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 656c the sel\n-00019860: 6563 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 ected menu item \n-00019870: 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 as well.. it\n-00019880: 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 em_color \n-00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-000198a0: 636f 6c6f 7220 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 color to use for\n-000198b0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 0a20 the menu item. \n-000198c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n+00019860: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2069 selected menu i\n+00019870: 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a20 2020 tem as well.. \n+00019880: 2020 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 item_color \n+00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000198a0: 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 746f 2075 7365 The color to use\n+000198b0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6974 for the menu it\n+000198c0: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 em. \n 000198d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198e0: 2020 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 titles.. s\n-000198f0: 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c elected_item_col\n-00019900: 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 or The\n-00019910: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f color to use fo\n-00019920: 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 r the selected. \n-00019930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000198e0: 2020 2020 2020 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 titles.. \n+000198f0: 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d selected_item\n+00019900: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _color \n+00019910: 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 The color to us\n+00019920: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 e for the select\n+00019930: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n 00019940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019950: 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 menu item, or \n-00019960: 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 6865 0a20 \"inherit\" (the. \n-00019970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019950: 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c menu item,\n+00019960: 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 or \"inherit\" (t\n+00019970: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n 00019980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019990: 2020 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 6f20 7573 default) to us\n-000199a0: 6520 2269 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7222 2066 e \"item_color\" f\n-000199b0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n+00019990: 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 default) t\n+000199a0: 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f o use \"item_colo\n+000199b0: 7222 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 r\" for. \n 000199c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000199d0: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 the select\n-000199e0: 6564 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2061 7320 ed menu item as \n-000199f0: 7765 6c6c 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 636f 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on_height \n+00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+00019ad0: 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 height of menu i\n+00019ae0: 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 tem icons.. \n+00019af0: 6974 656d 5f68 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 item_height \n+00019b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n+00019b10: 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6561 6368 e height of each\n+00019b20: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 6e0a 2020 menu item in. \n 00019b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 pix\n-00019b50: 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f70 els.. item_p\n-00019b60: 6164 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 adding \n-00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 The amou\n-00019b80: 6e74 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 696e 2070 nt of space in p\n-00019b90: 6978 656c 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ixels to. \n+00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019b50: 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 pixels.. 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E\n+0001a100: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 xample:. \n 0001a110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \"scrollba\n-0001a130: 725f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 r_*.png\". sc\n-0001a140: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 2020 rollbar_thumb \n-0001a150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-0001a160: 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 image file patte\n-0001a170: 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 rn for the. \n+0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f \"scro\n+0001a130: 6c6c 6261 725f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 llbar_*.png\". \n+0001a140: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d scrollbar_thum\n+0001a150: 6220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 b \n+0001a160: 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 The image file p\n+0001a170: 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 attern for the. \n 0001a180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n-0001a1a0: 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 6875 6d62 2028 roll bar thumb (\n-0001a1b0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a the part of the.\n-0001a1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a1a0: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 6875 scroll bar thu\n+0001a1b0: 6d62 2028 7468 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 mb (the part of \n+0001a1c0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1e0: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7468 scroll bar th\n-0001a1f0: 6174 206d 6f76 6573 2061 7320 7363 726f at moves as scro\n-0001a200: 6c6c 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lling. \n+0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 scroll ba\n+0001a1f0: 7220 7468 6174 206d 6f76 6573 2061 7320 r that moves as \n+0001a200: 7363 726f 6c6c 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 scrolling. \n 0001a210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6363 7572 7329 occurs)\n-0001a230: 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 . Example:. \n+0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6363 occ\n+0001a230: 7572 7329 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a urs). Example:.\n 0001a240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-0001a260: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f scrollbar_thumb_\n-0001a270: 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f *.png\". scro\n-0001a280: 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f 6f76 6572 llbar_thumb_over\n-0001a290: 6c61 7920 2020 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 lay If thi\n-0001a2a0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 s option is set \n-0001a2b0: 746f 2022 7472 7565 220a 2020 2020 2020 to \"true\". \n+0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a260: 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 \"scrollbar_th\n+0001a270: 756d 625f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 umb_*.png\". \n+0001a280: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f scrollbar_thumb_\n+0001a290: 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 2020 2020 2020 4966 overlay If\n+0001a2a0: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n+0001a2b0: 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 220a 2020 set to \"true\". \n 0001a2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n-0001a2e0: 6e20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 n the scrollbar \n-0001a2f0: 7468 756d 6220 7369 6465 0a20 2020 2020 thumb side. \n+0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a2e0: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c then the scroll\n+0001a2f0: 6261 7220 7468 756d 6220 7369 6465 0a20 bar thumb side. \n 0001a300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c sl\n-0001a320: 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 ices (every slic\n-0001a330: 6520 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 0a20 2020 e except the. \n-0001a340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a320: 2020 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 slices (every \n+0001a330: 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 slice except the\n+0001a340: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a360: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2920 7769 center slice) wi\n-0001a370: 6c6c 206f 7665 726c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 ll overlay the. \n-0001a380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a360: 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 center slice\n+0001a370: 2920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 726c 6179 2074 ) will overlay t\n+0001a380: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n 0001a390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3a0: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 6672 616d scrollbar fram\n-0001a3b0: 6520 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 e side slices. \n-0001a3c0: 416e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 And. \n+0001a3a0: 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 scrollbar \n+0001a3b0: 6672 616d 6520 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 frame side slice\n+0001a3c0: 732e 2020 416e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s. And. \n 0001a3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 the cente\n-0001a3f0: 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 r slice of the. \n-0001a400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 the c\n+0001a3f0: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 enter slice of t\n+0001a400: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n 0001a410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a420: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d scrollbar_thum\n-0001a430: 6220 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 b can move all t\n-0001a440: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+0001a420: 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f scrollbar_\n+0001a430: 7468 756d 6220 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 thumb can move a\n+0001a440: 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll the. \n 0001a450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 7761 7920 2866 726f 6d20 way (from \n-0001a470: 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 2c20 top to bottom), \n-0001a480: 6265 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 being. \n+0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7761 7920 2866 way (f\n+0001a470: 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f rom top to botto\n+0001a480: 6d29 2c20 6265 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 m), being. \n 0001a490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 776e 206f drawn o\n-0001a4b0: 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 n the center sli\n-0001a4c0: 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 ce of the. \n+0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 dra\n+0001a4b0: 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 wn on the center\n+0001a4c0: 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 slice of the. \n 0001a4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 scr\n-0001a4f0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2066 7261 6d65 2e20 2054 ollbar frame. T\n-0001a500: 6861 7420 7761 7920 7765 2063 616e 0a20 hat way we can. \n-0001a510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a4f0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2066 7261 6d65 scrollbar frame\n+0001a500: 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7761 7920 7765 2063 . That way we c\n+0001a510: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 an. \n 0001a520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a530: 2020 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 make a scrollb\n-0001a540: 6172 2077 6974 6820 726f 756e 642d 7368 ar with round-sh\n-0001a550: 6170 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 aped. \n+0001a530: 2020 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 6372 make a scr\n+0001a540: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6974 6820 726f 756e ollbar with roun\n+0001a550: 642d 7368 6170 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 d-shaped. \n 0001a560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6564 6765 7320 736f edges so\n-0001a580: 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 there won't be \n-0001a590: 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 a free. \n+0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6564 6765 edge\n+0001a580: 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 s so there won't\n+0001a590: 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 be a free. \n 0001a5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 space \n-0001a5c0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6875 6d62 2074 from the thumb t\n-0001a5d0: 6f20 7468 6520 6672 616d 650a 2020 2020 o the frame. \n+0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 sp\n+0001a5c0: 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6875 ace from the thu\n+0001a5d0: 6d62 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6672 616d 650a mb to the frame.\n 0001a5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n-0001a600: 6e20 746f 7020 616e 6420 626f 7474 6f6d n top and bottom\n-0001a610: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 2020 2020 scrollbar. \n+0001a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a600: 2020 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e 6420 626f in top and bo\n+0001a610: 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 ttom scrollbar. \n 0001a620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f po\n-0001a640: 7369 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 6661 756c sitions. Defaul\n-0001a650: 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 t is \"false\".. \n-0001a660: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 scrollbar_sli\n-0001a670: 6365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce \n-0001a680: 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6672 616d 6520 The menu frame \n-0001a690: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2773 2073 6c69 styled box's sli\n-0001a6a0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce. \n+0001a630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a640: 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 positions. De\n+0001a650: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 fault is \"false\"\n+0001a660: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 .. scrollbar\n+0001a670: 5f73 6c69 6365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _slice \n+0001a680: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6672 The menu fr\n+0001a690: 616d 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2773 ame styled box's\n+0001a6a0: 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 slice. \n 0001a6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 in which t\n-0001a6d0: 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c he scrollbar wil\n-0001a6e0: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l be. \n+0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 2077 6869 in whi\n+0001a6d0: 6368 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 ch the scrollbar\n+0001a6e0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n 0001a6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e2e 2020 drawn. \n-0001a710: 506f 7373 6962 6c65 2076 616c 7565 7320 Possible values \n-0001a720: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 are. \n+0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 draw\n+0001a710: 6e2e 2020 506f 7373 6962 6c65 2076 616c n. Possible val\n+0001a720: 7565 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ues are. \n 0001a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7765 7374 222c 2022 \"west\", \"\n-0001a750: 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 6561 7374 220a center\", \"east\".\n-0001a760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7765 7374 \"west\n+0001a750: 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 6561 \", \"center\", \"ea\n+0001a760: 7374 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 st\". \n 0001a770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a780: 2020 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 2e20 2022 (default). \"\n-0001a790: 7765 7374 2220 2d20 7468 6520 7363 726f west\" - the scro\n-0001a7a0: 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 llbar. \n+0001a780: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 (default)\n+0001a790: 2e20 2022 7765 7374 2220 2d20 7468 6520 . \"west\" - the \n+0001a7a0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 scrollbar. \n 0001a7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 will be\n-0001a7d0: 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7765 drawn in the we\n-0001a7e0: 7374 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 st slice. \n+0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c wil\n+0001a7d0: 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 l be drawn in th\n+0001a7e0: 6520 7765 7374 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 e west slice. \n 0001a7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2872 6967 (rig\n-0001a810: 6874 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 2020 2265 ht-aligned). \"e\n-0001a820: 6173 7422 202d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ast\" - the. \n+0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a810: 2872 6967 6874 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e (right-aligned).\n+0001a820: 2020 2265 6173 7422 202d 2074 6865 0a20 \"east\" - the. \n 0001a830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n-0001a850: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 rollbar will be \n-0001a860: 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 drawn in the. \n-0001a870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a850: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c scrollbar will\n+0001a860: 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 be drawn in the\n+0001a870: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a890: 6561 7374 2073 6c69 6365 2028 6c65 6674 east slice (left\n-0001a8a0: 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 -aligned).. \n+0001a890: 2020 2020 6561 7374 2073 6c69 6365 2028 east slice (\n+0001a8a0: 6c65 6674 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 0a20 left-aligned).. \n 0001a8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 \"c\n-0001a8d0: 656e 7465 7222 202d 2074 6865 2073 6372 enter\" - the scr\n-0001a8e0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 ollbar will be. \n-0001a8f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a8d0: 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 202d 2074 6865 \"center\" - the\n+0001a8e0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 scrollbar will \n+0001a8f0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be. \n 0001a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a910: 2020 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2063 drawn in the c\n-0001a920: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 2020 4e6f enter slice. No\n-0001a930: 7465 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te:. \n+0001a910: 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 drawn in t\n+0001a920: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e he center slice.\n+0001a930: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 Note:. \n 0001a940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6361 7365 206f in case o\n-0001a960: 6620 2263 656e 7465 7222 2073 6c69 6365 f \"center\" slice\n-0001a970: 3a20 6129 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 : a) If. \n+0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6361 in ca\n+0001a960: 7365 206f 6620 2263 656e 7465 7222 2073 se of \"center\" s\n+0001a970: 6c69 6365 3a20 6129 2049 660a 2020 2020 lice: a) If. \n 0001a980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 the s\n-0001a9a0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 crollbar should \n-0001a9b0: 6265 2064 7261 776e 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 be drawn then. \n-0001a9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+0001a9a0: 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2073 686f he scrollbar sho\n+0001a9b0: 756c 6420 6265 2064 7261 776e 2074 6865 uld be drawn the\n+0001a9c0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n 0001a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9e0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 boot menu entry\n-0001a9f0: 2773 2077 6964 7468 2069 730a 2020 2020 's width is. \n+0001a9e0: 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 boot menu e\n+0001a9f0: 6e74 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 2069 730a ntry's width is.\n 0001aa00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n-0001aa20: 6563 7265 6173 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 ecreased by the \n-0001aa30: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7227 7320 7769 6474 scrollbar's widt\n-0001aa40: 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h. \n+0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aa20: 2020 2064 6563 7265 6173 6564 2062 7920 decreased by \n+0001aa30: 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7227 7320 the scrollbar's \n+0001aa40: 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 width. \n 0001aa50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa60: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6372 and the scr\n-0001aa70: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2069 7320 6472 6177 6e20 ollbar is drawn \n-0001aa80: 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 at the. \n+0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 and the\n+0001aa70: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2069 7320 6472 scrollbar is dr\n+0001aa80: 6177 6e20 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 awn at the. \n 0001aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 right \n-0001aab0: 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 6365 6e74 side of the cent\n-0001aac0: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 er slice.. \n+0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7269 ri\n+0001aab0: 6768 7420 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 ght side of the \n+0001aac0: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2e0a 2020 center slice.. \n 0001aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 2920 b) \n-0001aaf0: 4966 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 If the scrollbar\n-0001ab00: 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e0a won't be drawn.\n-0001ab10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aaf0: 2062 2920 4966 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c b) If the scrol\n+0001ab00: 6c62 6172 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6472 lbar won't be dr\n+0001ab10: 6177 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 awn. \n 0001ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab30: 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 then the boot\n-0001ab40: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 menu entry's wi\n-0001ab50: 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth. \n+0001ab30: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 then the \n+0001ab40: 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 boot menu entry'\n+0001ab50: 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s width. \n 0001ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2069 7320 7468 6520 7769 is the wi\n-0001ab80: 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 dth of the cente\n-0001ab90: 7220 736c 6963 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 r slice.. \n+0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7320 7468 is th\n+0001ab80: 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 e width of the c\n+0001ab90: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 0a20 2020 enter slice.. \n 0001aba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6329 2057 c) W\n-0001abc0: 6520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 e don't necessar\n-0001abd0: 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 y need the. \n+0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001abc0: 6329 2057 6520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6365 c) We don't nece\n+0001abd0: 7373 6172 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6865 0a20 ssary need the. \n 0001abe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 me\n-0001ac00: 6e75 2070 6978 6d61 7020 626f 7820 746f nu pixmap box to\n-0001ac10: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 display the. \n-0001ac20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ac00: 2020 6d65 6e75 2070 6978 6d61 7020 626f menu pixmap bo\n+0001ac10: 7820 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 x to display the\n+0001ac20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac40: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 scrollbar.. \n-0001ac50: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 6c65 6674 5f70 scrollbar_left_p\n-0001ac60: 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 ad Th\n-0001ac70: 6520 6c65 6674 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 e left scrollbar\n-0001ac80: 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 padding in. \n+0001ac40: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 722e 0a20 scrollbar.. \n+0001ac50: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 6c65 scrollbar_le\n+0001ac60: 6674 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ft_pad \n+0001ac70: 2020 5468 6520 6c65 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Unus\n+0001acc0: 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed if. \n 0001acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ace0: 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f \"scrollbar_\n-0001acf0: 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 2277 6573 7422 slice\" is \"west\"\n-0001ad00: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 .. scrollbar\n-0001ad10: 5f72 6967 6874 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 _right_pad \n-0001ad20: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6967 6874 2073 The right s\n-0001ad30: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 crollbar padding\n-0001ad40: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n+0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c \"scroll\n+0001acf0: 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 2277 bar_slice\" is \"w\n+0001ad00: 6573 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c est\".. scrol\n+0001ad10: 6c62 6172 5f72 6967 6874 5f70 6164 2020 lbar_right_pad \n+0001ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6967 The rig\n+0001ad30: 6874 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 ht scrollbar pad\n+0001ad40: 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding in. \n 0001ad50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 2020 pixels. \n-0001ad70: 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 Unused if. \n+0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c pixel\n+0001ad70: 732e 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 s. Unused if. \n 0001ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 \"sc\n-0001ada0: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 rollbar_slice\" i\n-0001adb0: 7320 2265 6173 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 s \"east\".. s\n-0001adc0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6f70 5f70 6164 crollbar_top_pad\n-0001add0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n-0001ade0: 2074 6f70 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 top scrollbar p\n-0001adf0: 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 adding in. \n+0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ada0: 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 \"scrollbar_slic\n+0001adb0: 6522 2069 7320 2265 6173 7422 2e0a 2020 e\" is \"east\".. \n+0001adc0: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6f70 scrollbar_top\n+0001add0: 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _pad \n+0001ade0: 2054 6865 2074 6f70 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 The top scrollb\n+0001adf0: 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 ar padding in. \n 0001ae00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 pix\n-0001ae20: 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c els.. scroll\n-0001ae30: 6261 725f 626f 7474 6f6d 5f70 6164 2020 bar_bottom_pad \n-0001ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f 7474 The bott\n-0001ae50: 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 om scrollbar pad\n-0001ae60: 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding in. \n+0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ae20: 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 pixels.. sc\n+0001ae30: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 626f 7474 6f6d 5f70 rollbar_bottom_p\n+0001ae40: 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 ad The \n+0001ae50: 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 bottom scrollbar\n+0001ae60: 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 padding in. \n 0001ae70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c pixel\n-0001ae90: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 s.. visible \n-0001aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 6661 Set to \"fa\n-0001aec0: 6c73 6522 2074 6f20 6869 6465 2074 6865 lse\" to hide the\n-0001aed0: 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot. \n+0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+0001ae90: 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 ixels.. visi\n+0001aea0: 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ble \n+0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f Set to\n+0001aec0: 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2074 6f20 6869 6465 \"false\" to hide\n+0001aed0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 the boot. \n 0001aee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 752e 0a0a menu...\n-0001af00: 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 616e 7661 7320 4361 ... canvas Ca\n-0001af10: 6e76 6173 2069 7320 6120 636f 6e74 6169 nvas is a contai\n-0001af20: 6e65 7220 7468 6174 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 ner that allows \n-0001af30: 6d61 6e75 616c 2070 6c61 6365 6d65 6e74 manual placement\n-0001af40: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 of. compone\n-0001af50: 6e74 7320 7769 7468 696e 2069 742e 2020 nts within it. \n-0001af60: 4974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 It does not alte\n-0001af70: 7220 7468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 7320 r the positions \n-0001af80: 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 0a20 2020 of its child. \n-0001af90: 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 2049 components. I\n-0001afa0: 7420 6173 7369 676e 7320 616c 6c20 6368 t assigns all ch\n-0001afb0: 696c 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 ild components t\n-0001afc0: 6865 6972 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2073 heir preferred s\n-0001afd0: 697a 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6862 izes... ... hb\n-0001afe0: 6f78 2054 6865 202a 6862 6f78 2a20 636f ox The *hbox* co\n-0001aff0: 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 6c61 7973 206f 7574 ntainer lays out\n-0001b000: 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 its children fr\n-0001b010: 6f6d 206c 6566 7420 746f 2072 6967 6874 om left to right\n-0001b020: 2c0a 2020 2020 2067 6976 696e 6720 6561 ,. giving ea\n-0001b030: 6368 206f 6e65 2069 7473 2070 7265 6665 ch one its prefe\n-0001b040: 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2054 6865 rred width. The\n-0001b050: 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 height of each \n-0001b060: 6368 696c 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 child is. se\n-0001b070: 7420 746f 2074 6865 206d 6178 696d 756d t to the maximum\n-0001b080: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7072 6566 6572 7265 of the preferre\n-0001b090: 6420 6865 6967 6874 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c d heights of all\n-0001b0a0: 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 children... .\n-0001b0b0: 80a2 2076 626f 7820 5468 6520 2a76 626f .. vbox The *vbo\n-0001b0c0: 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 206c 6179 x* container lay\n-0001b0d0: 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 696c 6472 s out its childr\n-0001b0e0: 656e 2066 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 en from top to b\n-0001b0f0: 6f74 746f 6d2c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7669 ottom,. givi\n-0001b100: 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 6974 7320 ng each one its \n-0001b110: 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 6865 6967 6874 preferred height\n-0001b120: 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 . The width of \n-0001b130: 6561 6368 2063 6869 6c64 2069 730a 2020 each child is. \n-0001b140: 2020 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 set to the ma\n-0001b150: 7869 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 7265 ximum of the pre\n-0001b160: 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 7320 6f66 ferred widths of\n-0001b170: 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a all children...\n-0001b180: 372e 332e 3620 436f 6d6d 6f6e 2070 726f 7.3.6 Common pro\n-0001b190: 7065 7274 6965 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d perties.--------\n-0001b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0001b1b0: 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2070 .The following p\n-0001b1c0: 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 6172 6520 7375 roperties are su\n-0001b1d0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6279 2061 6c6c 2063 pported by all c\n-0001b1e0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 733a 0ae2 8098 6c65 omponents:....le\n-0001b1f0: 6674 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 ft.... The d\n-0001b200: 6973 7461 6e63 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 istance from the\n-0001b210: 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 6620 left border of \n-0001b220: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 746f 206c 6566 container to lef\n-0001b230: 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 t border of. \n-0001b240: 2074 6865 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2065 the object in e\n-0001b250: 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6872 6565 2066 ither of three f\n-0001b260: 6f72 6d61 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2078 2020 ormats:. x \n-0001b270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5661 6c75 Valu\n-0001b280: 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c 730a 2020 2020 e in pixels. \n-0001b290: 2070 2520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p% \n-0001b2a0: 5065 7263 656e 7461 6765 0a20 2020 2020 Percentage. \n-0001b2b0: 7025 2b78 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d p%+x m\n-0001b2c0: 6978 7475 7265 206f 6620 626f 7468 0ae2 ixture of both..\n-0001b2d0: 8098 746f 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ..top.... Th\n-0001b2e0: 6520 6469 7374 616e 6365 2066 726f 6d20 e distance from \n-0001b2f0: 7468 6520 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 the left border \n-0001b300: 6f66 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 6f20 of container to \n-0001b310: 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 0a20 left border of. \n-0001b320: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 the object i\n-0001b330: 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 n same format...\n-0001b340: 8098 7769 6474 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ..width.... \n-0001b350: 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 206f 626a The width of obj\n-0001b360: 6563 7420 696e 2073 616d 6520 666f 726d ect in same form\n-0001b370: 6174 2e0a e280 9868 6569 6768 74e2 8099 at.....height...\n-0001b380: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 . The height\n-0001b390: 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 of object in sa\n-0001b3a0: 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 6964 me format.....id\n-0001b3b0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6465 .... The ide\n-0001b3c0: 6e74 6966 6965 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 ntifier for the \n-0001b3d0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 5468 6973 component. This\n-0001b3e0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 6172 6269 can be any arbi\n-0001b3f0: 7472 6172 790a 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e trary. strin\n-0001b400: 672e 2020 5468 6520 4944 2063 616e 2062 g. The ID can b\n-0001b410: 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 7363 7269 7074 e used by script\n-0001b420: 7320 746f 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7661 s to refer to va\n-0001b430: 7269 6f75 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f rious. compo\n-0001b440: 6e65 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 2047 5549 nents in the GUI\n-0001b450: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 652e component tree.\n-0001b460: 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c 2074 6865 Currently, the\n-0001b470: 7265 2069 7320 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 re is one. s\n-0001b480: 7065 6369 616c 2049 4420 7661 6c75 6520 pecial ID value \n-0001b490: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7265 636f 676e that GRUB recogn\n-0001b4a0: 697a 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 225f 5f74 izes:.. \"__t\n-0001b4b0: 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 2043 6f6d 706f imeout__\" Compo\n-0001b4c0: 6e65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 2049 nent with this I\n-0001b4d0: 4420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7570 6461 7465 D will be update\n-0001b4e0: 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2020 d by GRUB. \n-0001b4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e an\n-0001b500: 6420 7769 6c6c 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 d will indicate \n-0001b510: 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 2074 6f20 time elapsed to \n-0001b520: 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 0a20 an automatical. \n-0001b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001b540: 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 boot of the d\n-0001b550: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2041 efault entry. A\n-0001b560: 6666 6563 7465 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ffected componen\n-0001b570: 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ts:. \n-0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 226c 6162 656c 222c \"label\",\n-0001b590: 2022 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 \"circular_progr\n-0001b5a0: 6573 7322 2c20 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f ess\", \"progress_\n-0001b5b0: 6261 7222 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 bar\".....File: g\n-0001b5c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0001b5d0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 204e 6578 743a Network, Next:\n-0001b5e0: 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c Serial terminal\n-0001b5f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 , Prev: Theme f\n-0001b600: 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 2055 703a ile format, Up:\n-0001b610: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3820 426f 6f74 696e 6720 Top..8 Booting \n-0001b620: 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6e65 GRUB from the ne\n-0001b630: 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a twork.**********\n+0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e men\n+0001af00: 752e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 616e 7661 u... ... canva\n+0001af10: 7320 4361 6e76 6173 2069 7320 6120 636f s Canvas is a co\n+0001af20: 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 7468 6174 2061 6c6c ntainer that all\n+0001af30: 6f77 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2070 6c61 6365 ows manual place\n+0001af40: 6d65 6e74 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d ment of. com\n+0001af50: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7769 7468 696e 2069 ponents within i\n+0001af60: 742e 2020 4974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 t. It does not \n+0001af70: 616c 7465 7220 7468 6520 706f 7369 7469 alter the positi\n+0001af80: 6f6e 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 ons of its child\n+0001af90: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 . components\n+0001afa0: 2e20 2049 7420 6173 7369 676e 7320 616c . It assigns al\n+0001afb0: 6c20 6368 696c 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e l child componen\n+0001afc0: 7473 2074 6865 6972 2070 7265 6665 7272 ts their preferr\n+0001afd0: 6564 2073 697a 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 ed sizes... ..\n+0001afe0: a220 6862 6f78 2054 6865 202a 6862 6f78 . hbox The *hbox\n+0001aff0: 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 6c61 7973 * container lays\n+0001b000: 206f 7574 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 7265 out its childre\n+0001b010: 6e20 6672 6f6d 206c 6566 7420 746f 2072 n from left to r\n+0001b020: 6967 6874 2c0a 2020 2020 2067 6976 696e ight,. givin\n+0001b030: 6720 6561 6368 206f 6e65 2069 7473 2070 g each one its p\n+0001b040: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 2e20 referred width. \n+0001b050: 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 2065 The height of e\n+0001b060: 6163 6820 6368 696c 6420 6973 0a20 2020 ach child is. \n+0001b070: 2020 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 206d 6178 set to the max\n+0001b080: 696d 756d 206f 6620 7468 6520 7072 6566 imum of the pref\n+0001b090: 6572 7265 6420 6865 6967 6874 7320 6f66 erred heights of\n+0001b0a0: 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a all children...\n+0001b0b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2076 626f 7820 5468 6520 ... vbox The \n+0001b0c0: 2a76 626f 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 *vbox* container\n+0001b0d0: 206c 6179 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 lays out its ch\n+0001b0e0: 696c 6472 656e 2066 726f 6d20 746f 7020 ildren from top \n+0001b0f0: 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d2c 0a20 2020 2020 to bottom,. \n+0001b100: 6769 7669 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 giving each one \n+0001b110: 6974 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 6865 its preferred he\n+0001b120: 6967 6874 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 ight. 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T\n+0001b200: 6865 2064 6973 7461 6e63 6520 6672 6f6d he distance from\n+0001b210: 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 the left border\n+0001b220: 206f 6620 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 746f of container to\n+0001b230: 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 660a left border of.\n+0001b240: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206f 626a 6563 7420 the object \n+0001b250: 696e 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6872 in either of thr\n+0001b260: 6565 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 ee formats:. \n+0001b270: 2078 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x \n+0001b280: 5661 6c75 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c 730a Value in pixels.\n+0001b290: 2020 2020 2070 2520 2020 2020 2020 2020 p% \n+0001b2a0: 2020 2020 5065 7263 656e 7461 6765 0a20 Percentage. \n+0001b2b0: 2020 2020 7025 2b78 2020 2020 2020 2020 p%+x \n+0001b2c0: 2020 206d 6978 7475 7265 206f 6620 626f mixture of bo\n+0001b2d0: 7468 0ae2 8098 746f 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 th....top.... \n+0001b2e0: 2020 5468 6520 6469 7374 616e 6365 2066 The distance f\n+0001b2f0: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 rom the left bor\n+0001b300: 6465 7220 6f66 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 der of container\n+0001b310: 2074 6f20 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 to left border \n+0001b320: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6f62 6a65 of. the obje\n+0001b330: 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 ct in same forma\n+0001b340: 742e 0ae2 8098 7769 6474 68e2 8099 0a20 t.....width.... \n+0001b350: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 The width of\n+0001b360: 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 616d 6520 object in same \n+0001b370: 666f 726d 6174 2e0a e280 9868 6569 6768 format.....heigh\n+0001b380: 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 t.... The he\n+0001b390: 6967 6874 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 ight of object i\n+0001b3a0: 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 n same format...\n+0001b3b0: 8098 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ..id.... The\n+0001b3c0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 666f 7220 identifier for \n+0001b3d0: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 the component. \n+0001b3e0: 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 This can be any \n+0001b3f0: 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a 2020 2020 2073 arbitrary. s\n+0001b400: 7472 696e 672e 2020 5468 6520 4944 2063 tring. The ID c\n+0001b410: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 7363 an be used by sc\n+0001b420: 7269 7074 7320 746f 2072 6566 6572 2074 ripts to refer t\n+0001b430: 6f20 7661 7269 6f75 730a 2020 2020 2063 o various. c\n+0001b440: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 omponents in the\n+0001b450: 2047 5549 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 GUI component t\n+0001b460: 7265 652e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c ree. Currently,\n+0001b470: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6f6e 650a 2020 there is one. \n+0001b480: 2020 2073 7065 6369 616c 2049 4420 7661 special ID va\n+0001b490: 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7265 lue that GRUB re\n+0001b4a0: 636f 676e 697a 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 cognizes:.. \n+0001b4b0: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 2043 \"__timeout__\" C\n+0001b4c0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 7468 omponent with th\n+0001b4d0: 6973 2049 4420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7570 is ID will be up\n+0001b4e0: 6461 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2020 dated by GRUB. \n+0001b4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001b500: 2020 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2069 6e64 6963 and will indic\n+0001b510: 6174 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 ate time elapsed\n+0001b520: 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 to an automatic\n+0001b530: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al. \n+0001b540: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 boot of t\n+0001b550: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 he default entry\n+0001b560: 2e20 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 636f 6d70 . Affected comp\n+0001b570: 6f6e 656e 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 onents:. \n+0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 226c 6162 \"lab\n+0001b590: 656c 222c 2022 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 el\", \"circular_p\n+0001b5a0: 726f 6772 6573 7322 2c20 2270 726f 6772 rogress\", \"progr\n+0001b5b0: 6573 735f 6261 7222 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ess_bar\".....Fil\n+0001b5c0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0001b5d0: 6f64 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 204e ode: Network, N\n+0001b5e0: 6578 743a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d ext: Serial term\n+0001b5f0: 696e 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2054 6865 inal, Prev: The\n+0001b600: 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 me file format, \n+0001b610: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3820 426f 6f74 Up: Top..8 Boot\n+0001b620: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ing GRUB from th\n+0001b630: 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a e network.******\n 0001b640: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f *****..The follo\n-0001b660: 7769 6e67 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e wing instruction\n-0001b670: 7320 646f 6e27 7420 776f 726b 2066 6f72 s don't work for\n-0001b680: 202a 2d65 6d75 2c20 6933 3836 2d71 656d *-emu, i386-qem\n-0001b690: 752c 0a69 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 u,.i386-coreboot\n-0001b6a0: 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 , i386-multiboot\n-0001b6b0: 2c20 6d69 7073 5f6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e2c , mips_loongson,\n-0001b6c0: 206d 6970 732d 6172 6320 616e 640a 6d69 mips-arc and.mi\n-0001b6d0: 7073 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 0a0a 2020 ps_qemu_mips.. \n-0001b6e0: 2054 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 206e To generate a n\n-0001b6f0: 6574 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2064 6972 6563 etbootable direc\n-0001b700: 746f 7279 2c20 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 tory, run:.. \n-0001b710: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 202d grub-mknetdir -\n-0001b720: 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f -net-directory=/\n-0001b730: 7372 762f 7466 7470 202d 2d73 7562 6469 srv/tftp --subdi\n-0001b740: 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 202d 6420 r=/boot/grub -d \n-0001b750: 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c70 /usr/lib/grub/.. E.g\n-0001b770: 2e20 2066 6f72 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a0a . for i386-pc:.\n-0001b780: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 . grub-mknet\n-0001b790: 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 7265 6374 dir --net-direct\n-0001b7a0: 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d ory=/srv/tftp --\n-0001b7b0: 7375 6264 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 subdir=/boot/gru\n-0001b7c0: 6220 2d64 202f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 b -d /usr/lib/gr\n-0001b7d0: 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 0a0a 2020 2054 ub/i386-pc.. T\n-0001b7e0: 6865 6e20 666f 6c6c 6f77 2069 6e73 7472 hen follow instr\n-0001b7f0: 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 7072 696e 7465 6420 uctions printed \n-0001b800: 6f75 7420 6279 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 out by grub-mkne\n-0001b810: 7464 6972 206f 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 tdir on configur\n-0001b820: 696e 670a 796f 7572 2044 4843 5020 7365 ing.your DHCP se\n-0001b830: 7276 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6772 rver... The gr\n-0001b840: 7562 2e63 6667 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 ub.cfg file is p\n-0001b850: 6c61 6365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d laced in the sam\n-0001b860: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2074 e directory as t\n-0001b870: 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f75 7470 7574 0a62 he path output.b\n-0001b880: 7920 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 y grub-mknetdir \n-0001b890: 6865 7265 6166 7465 7220 7265 6665 7272 hereafter referr\n-0001b8a0: 6564 2074 6f20 6173 2046 5750 4154 482e ed to as FWPATH.\n-0001b8b0: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 6561 7263 GRUB will searc\n-0001b8c0: 6820 666f 720a 6974 7320 636f 6e66 6967 h for.its config\n-0001b8d0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 696e uration files in\n-0001b8e0: 206f 7264 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 order using the\n-0001b8f0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2072 756c 6573 following rules\n-0001b900: 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 0a61 7070 656e where the.appen\n-0001b910: 6465 6420 7661 6c75 6520 636f 7272 6573 ded value corres\n-0001b920: 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2061 2076 616c 7565 ponds to a value\n-0001b930: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 206d on the client m\n-0001b940: 6163 6869 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 achine... ..\n-0001b950: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n-0001b960: 622e 6366 672d e280 9828 5555 4944 204f b.cfg-...(UUID O\n-0001b970: 4620 4d41 4348 494e 4529 e280 990a 2020 F MACHINE).... \n-0001b980: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n-0001b990: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 284d ./grub.cfg-...(M\n-0001b9a0: 4143 2041 4444 5245 5353 204f 4620 4e49 AC ADDRESS OF NI\n-0001b9b0: 4329 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 C).... ...(F\n-0001b9c0: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n-0001b9d0: 6667 2de2 8098 2849 5076 3420 4f52 2049 fg-...(IPv4 OR I\n-0001b9e0: 5076 3620 4144 4452 4553 5329 e280 990a Pv6 ADDRESS)....\n-0001b9f0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n-0001ba00: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 .../grub.cfg.. \n-0001ba10: 2054 6865 2055 5549 4420 6973 2074 6865 The UUID is the\n-0001ba20: 2043 6c69 656e 7420 4d61 6368 696e 6520 Client Machine \n-0001ba30: 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 204f 7074 696f Identifier Optio\n-0001ba40: 6e20 4465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 2061 730a n Definition as.\n-0001ba50: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2052 4643 specified in RFC\n-0001ba60: 2034 3537 382e 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 4578. The clie\n-0001ba70: 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 nt will only att\n-0001ba80: 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f75 6b20 7570 empt to loouk up\n-0001ba90: 2061 2055 5549 440a 636f 6e66 6967 2066 a UUID.config f\n-0001baa0: 696c 6520 6966 2069 7420 7761 7320 7072 ile if it was pr\n-0001bab0: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4448 ovided by the DH\n-0001bac0: 4350 2073 6572 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 CP server... T\n-0001bad0: 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c 206f he client will o\n-0001bae0: 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c nly attempt to l\n-0001baf0: 6f6f 6b20 7570 2061 6e20 4950 7636 2061 ook up an IPv6 a\n-0001bb00: 6464 7265 7373 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6f6e ddress config on\n-0001bb10: 6365 2c0a 686f 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 ce,.however, it \n-0001bb20: 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6865 2049 5076 will try the IPv\n-0001bb30: 3420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 4 multiple times\n-0001bb40: 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f6e 6372 6574 6520 . The concrete \n-0001bb50: 6578 616d 706c 650a 6265 6c6f 7720 7368 example.below sh\n-0001bb60: 6f77 7320 7768 6174 2077 6f75 6c64 2068 ows what would h\n-0001bb70: 6170 7065 6e20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 appen under the \n-0001bb80: 4950 7634 2063 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 IPv4 case... \n-0001bb90: 2055 5549 443a 2037 3732 3661 3637 382d UUID: 7726a678-\n-0001bba0: 3766 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6134 6636 2d63 7fc0-4853-a4f6-c\n-0001bbb0: 3835 6163 3336 6131 3230 610a 2020 2020 85ac36a120a. \n-0001bbc0: 204d 4143 3a20 2035 323a 3534 3a30 303a MAC: 52:54:00:\n-0001bbd0: 6563 3a33 333a 3831 0a20 2020 2020 4950 ec:33:81. IP\n-0001bbe0: 5634 3a20 3130 2e30 2e30 2e31 3330 2028 V4: 10.0.0.130 (\n-0001bbf0: 3041 3030 3030 3832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 0A000082).. \n-0001bc00: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n-0001bc10: 7275 622e 6366 672d 3737 3236 6136 3738 rub.cfg-7726a678\n-0001bc20: 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 2d61 3466 362d -7fc0-4853-a4f6-\n-0001bc30: 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 3061 0a20 2020 c85ac36a120a. \n-0001bc40: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n-0001bc50: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3532 2d35 342d /grub.cfg-52-54-\n-0001bc60: 3030 2d65 632d 3333 2d38 310a 2020 2020 00-ec-33-81. \n-0001bc70: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n-0001bc80: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 grub.cfg-0A00008\n-0001bc90: 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 2. ...(FWPAT\n-0001bca0: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 H).../grub.cfg-0\n-0001bcb0: 4130 3030 3038 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 A00008. ...(\n-0001bcc0: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n-0001bcd0: 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 0a20 2020 2020 cfg-0A0000. \n-0001bce0: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n-0001bcf0: 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 300a 2020 rub.cfg-0A000. \n-0001bd00: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n-0001bd10: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 300a ./grub.cfg-0A00.\n-0001bd20: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n-0001bd30: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 .../grub.cfg-0A0\n-0001bd40: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n-0001bd50: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 ).../grub.cfg-0A\n-0001bd60: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n-0001bd70: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 300a ).../grub.cfg-0.\n-0001bd80: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n-0001bd90: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 .../grub.cfg.. \n-0001bda0: 2054 6869 7320 6665 6174 7572 6520 6973 This feature is\n-0001bdb0: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 enabled by defa\n-0001bdc0: 756c 7420 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 ult but it can b\n-0001bdd0: 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 7365 e disabled by se\n-0001bde0: 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 e280 9866 6561 tting.the ...fea\n-0001bdf0: 7475 7265 5f6e 6574 5f73 6561 7263 685f ture_net_search_\n-0001be00: 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 986e e280 cfg... to ...n..\n-0001be10: 992e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2068 .. Since this h\n-0001be20: 6170 7065 6e73 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 appens before th\n-0001be30: 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 e.configuration \n-0001be40: 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7265 6164 2062 7920 file is read by \n-0001be50: 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f GRUB, this optio\n-0001be60: 6e20 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 n has to be disa\n-0001be70: 626c 6564 2069 6e20 616e 0a65 6d62 6564 bled in an.embed\n-0001be80: 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ded configuratio\n-0001be90: 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456d n file (*note Em\n-0001bea0: 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 bedded configura\n-0001beb0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 tion::)... Aft\n-0001bec0: 6572 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7374 6172 er GRUB has star\n-0001bed0: 7465 642c 2066 696c 6573 206f 6e20 7468 ted, files on th\n-0001bee0: 6520 5446 5450 2073 6572 7665 7220 7769 e TFTP server wi\n-0001bef0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 ll be accessible\n-0001bf00: 0a76 6961 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2874 6674 .via the ...(tft\n-0001bf10: 7029 e280 9920 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 p)... device... \n-0001bf20: 2020 5468 6520 7365 7276 6572 2049 5020 The server IP \n-0001bf30: 6164 6472 6573 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2063 address can be c\n-0001bf40: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2063 6861 ontrolled by cha\n-0001bf50: 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9828 7466 nging the ...(tf\n-0001bf60: 7470 29e2 8099 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 tp)....device na\n-0001bf70: 6d65 2074 6f20 e280 9828 7466 7470 2c53 me to ...(tftp,S\n-0001bf80: 4552 5645 522d 4950 29e2 8099 2e20 204e ERVER-IP).... N\n-0001bf90: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 7320 7368 ote that this sh\n-0001bfa0: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 640a ould be changed.\n-0001bfb0: 626f 7468 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6566 both in the pref\n-0001bfc0: 6978 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 616e 7920 7265 ix and in any re\n-0001bfd0: 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ferences to the \n-0001bfe0: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 696e 2074 device name in t\n-0001bff0: 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he.configuration\n-0001c000: 2066 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 file... GRUB \n-0001c010: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c provides several\n-0001c020: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0001c030: 6961 626c 6573 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 iables which may\n-0001c040: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 696e 7370 be used to.insp\n-0001c050: 6563 7420 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6520 7468 ect or change th\n-0001c060: 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 e behaviour of t\n-0001c070: 6865 2050 5845 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 he PXE device. \n-0001c080: 496e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 In the following\n-0001c090: 0a64 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 203c 494e .description is plac\n-0001c0b0: 6568 6f6c 6465 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 eholder for the \n-0001c0c0: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 name of network \n-0001c0d0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2870 6c61 7466 interface.(platf\n-0001c0e0: 6f72 6d20 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7429 3a0a orm dependent):.\n-0001c0f0: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__ip.... T\n-0001c110: 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 he network inter\n-0001c120: 6661 6365 2773 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 face's IP addres\n-0001c130: 732e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a s. Read-only...\n-0001c140: e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 ...net__mac.... T\n-0001c160: 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 he network inter\n-0001c170: 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 face's MAC addre\n-0001c180: 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a ss. Read-only..\n-0001c190: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__clientid....\n-0001c1b0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 The client \n-0001c1c0: 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 id provided by D\n-0001c1d0: 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a HCP. Read-only..\n-0001c1e0: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__clientuuid..\n-0001c200: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e .. The clien\n-0001c210: 7420 7575 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 t uuid provided \n-0001c220: 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e by DHCP. Read-on\n-0001c230: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__hostname\n-0001c250: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 .... The cli\n-0001c260: 656e 7420 686f 7374 206e 616d 6520 7072 ent host name pr\n-0001c270: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 ovided by DHCP. \n-0001c280: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e Read-only......n\n-0001c290: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n-0001c2a0: 6f6d 6169 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 omain.... Th\n-0001c2b0: 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2064 6f6d 6169 6e20 e client domain \n-0001c2c0: 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 name provided by\n-0001c2d0: 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 DHCP. Read-only\n-0001c2e0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__rootpath..\n-0001c300: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6174 6820 .. The path \n-0001c310: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7427 7320 to the client's \n-0001c320: 726f 6f74 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6f76 6964 root disk provid\n-0001c330: 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 ed by DHCP. Read\n-0001c340: 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c -only......net_<\n-0001c350: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 656e INTERFACE>_exten\n-0001c360: 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 sionspath.... \n-0001c370: 2020 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 6164 The path to ad\n-0001c380: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2044 4843 5020 7665 ditional DHCP ve\n-0001c390: 6e64 6f72 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 ndor extensions \n-0001c3a0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 provided by DHCP\n-0001c3b0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 .. Read-only\n-0001c3c0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__boot_file.\n-0001c3e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 ... The boot\n-0001c3f0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 file name provi\n-0001c400: 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 ded by DHCP. Rea\n-0001c410: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n-0001c420: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 6370 _dhcp\n-0001c430: 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a _server_name....\n-0001c440: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 The name of\n-0001c450: 2074 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 the DHCP server\n-0001c460: 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 responsible for\n-0001c470: 2074 6865 7365 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 7261 these boot para\n-0001c480: 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 meters.. Rea\n-0001c490: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n-0001c4a0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 7874 _next\n-0001c4b0: 5f73 6572 7665 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _server.... \n-0001c4c0: 5468 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f The IP address o\n-0001c4d0: 6620 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2028 7573 7561 f the next (usua\n-0001c4e0: 6c6c 792c 2054 4654 5029 2073 6572 7665 lly, TFTP) serve\n-0001c4f0: 7220 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 r provided by DH\n-0001c500: 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e CP.. Read-on\n-0001c510: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 ly......net_defa\n-0001c520: 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 65e2 8099 ult_interface...\n-0001c530: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 . Initially \n-0001c540: 7365 7420 746f 206e 616d 6520 6f66 206e set to name of n\n-0001c550: 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 etwork interface\n-0001c560: 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 2074 that was used t\n-0001c570: 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 o load. grub\n-0001c580: 2e20 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 . Read-write, a\n-0001c590: 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 lthough setting \n-0001c5a0: 6974 2061 6666 6563 7473 206f 6e6c 7920 it affects only \n-0001c5b0: 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 interpretation. \n-0001c5c0: 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 of ...net_de\n-0001c5d0: 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 9920 616e 6420 fault_ip... and \n-0001c5e0: e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d ...net_default_m\n-0001c5f0: 6163 e280 990a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 ac........net_de\n-0001c600: 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 990a 2020 2020 fault_ip.... \n-0001c610: 2054 6865 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 The IP address \n-0001c620: 6f66 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 of default inter\n-0001c630: 6661 6365 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 face. Read-only\n-0001c640: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 . This is alias\n-0001c650: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 for. the ..\n-0001c660: 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 .net_${net_defau\n-0001c670: 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6970 lt_interface}_ip\n-0001c680: e280 992e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 .........net_def\n-0001c690: 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 2020 2020 ault_mac.... \n-0001c6a0: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 The default int\n-0001c6b0: 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 erface's MAC add\n-0001c6c0: 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 ress. Read-only\n-0001c6d0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 . This is alias\n-0001c6e0: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 for. the ..\n-0001c6f0: 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 .net_${net_defau\n-0001c700: 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6d61 lt_interface}_ma\n-0001c710: 63e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 c.........net_de\n-0001c720: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 990a fault_server....\n-0001c730: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 The default\n-0001c740: 2073 6572 7665 7220 7573 6564 2062 7920 server used by \n-0001c750: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2028 network drives (\n-0001c760: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e *note Device syn\n-0001c770: 7461 783a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 tax::).. Rea\n-0001c780: 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 d-write, althoug\n-0001c790: 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2069 h setting this i\n-0001c7a0: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6265 s only useful be\n-0001c7b0: 666f 7265 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2061 0a20 fore opening a. \n-0001c7c0: 2020 2020 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6465 7669 network devi\n-0001c7d0: 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ce.....File: gru\n-0001c7e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 b.info, Node: S\n-0001c7f0: 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 erial terminal, \n-0001c800: 204e 6578 743a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f Next: Vendor po\n-0001c810: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 5072 wer-on keys, Pr\n-0001c820: 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 5570 ev: Network, Up\n-0001c830: 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 2055 7369 6e67 2047 : Top..9 Using G\n-0001c840: 5255 4220 7669 6120 6120 7365 7269 616c RUB via a serial\n-0001c850: 206c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a line.**********\n+0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2066 *********..The f\n+0001b660: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 6e73 7472 7563 ollowing instruc\n+0001b670: 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 6e27 7420 776f 726b tions don't work\n+0001b680: 2066 6f72 202a 2d65 6d75 2c20 6933 3836 for *-emu, i386\n+0001b690: 2d71 656d 752c 0a69 3338 362d 636f 7265 -qemu,.i386-core\n+0001b6a0: 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 boot, i386-multi\n+0001b6b0: 626f 6f74 2c20 6d69 7073 5f6c 6f6f 6e67 boot, mips_loong\n+0001b6c0: 736f 6e2c 206d 6970 732d 6172 6320 616e son, mips-arc an\n+0001b6d0: 640a 6d69 7073 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 d.mips_qemu_mips\n+0001b6e0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 .. To generate\n+0001b6f0: 2061 206e 6574 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2064 a netbootable d\n+0001b700: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 7275 6e3a 0a0a irectory, run:..\n+0001b710: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 grub-mknetd\n+0001b720: 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 6563 746f ir --net-directo\n+0001b730: 7279 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 7470 202d 2d73 ry=/srv/tftp --s\n+0001b740: 7562 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ubdir=/boot/grub\n+0001b750: 202d 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 -d /usr/lib/gru\n+0001b760: 622f 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e 0a0a 2020 b/.. \n+0001b770: 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2069 3338 362d E.g. for i386-\n+0001b780: 7063 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d pc:.. grub-m\n+0001b790: 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 knetdir --net-di\n+0001b7a0: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 rectory=/srv/tft\n+0001b7b0: 7020 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 p --subdir=/boot\n+0001b7c0: 2f67 7275 6220 2d64 202f 7573 722f 6c69 /grub -d /usr/li\n+0001b7d0: 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 0a0a b/grub/i386-pc..\n+0001b7e0: 2020 2054 6865 6e20 666f 6c6c 6f77 2069 Then follow i\n+0001b7f0: 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 7072 696e nstructions prin\n+0001b800: 7465 6420 6f75 7420 6279 2067 7275 622d ted out by grub-\n+0001b810: 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 206f 6e20 636f 6e66 mknetdir on conf\n+0001b820: 6967 7572 696e 670a 796f 7572 2044 4843 iguring.your DHC\n+0001b830: 5020 7365 7276 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 P server... Th\n+0001b840: 6520 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2066 696c 6520 e grub.cfg file \n+0001b850: 6973 2070 6c61 6365 6420 696e 2074 6865 is placed in the\n+0001b860: 2073 616d 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 same directory \n+0001b870: 6173 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f75 7470 as the path outp\n+0001b880: 7574 0a62 7920 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 ut.by grub-mknet\n+0001b890: 6469 7220 6865 7265 6166 7465 7220 7265 dir hereafter re\n+0001b8a0: 6665 7272 6564 2074 6f20 6173 2046 5750 ferred to as FWP\n+0001b8b0: 4154 482e 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 ATH. GRUB will s\n+0001b8c0: 6561 7263 6820 666f 720a 6974 7320 636f earch for.its co\n+0001b8d0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+0001b8e0: 7320 696e 206f 7264 6572 2075 7369 6e67 s in order using\n+0001b8f0: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2072 the following r\n+0001b900: 756c 6573 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 0a61 ules where the.a\n+0001b910: 7070 656e 6465 6420 7661 6c75 6520 636f ppended value co\n+0001b920: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2061 2076 rresponds to a v\n+0001b930: 616c 7565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636c 6965 alue on the clie\n+0001b940: 6e74 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 nt machine... \n+0001b950: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n+0001b960: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d e280 9828 5555 /grub.cfg-...(UU\n+0001b970: 4944 204f 4620 4d41 4348 494e 4529 e280 ID OF MACHINE)..\n+0001b980: 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 .. ...(FWPAT\n+0001b990: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 H).../grub.cfg-.\n+0001b9a0: 8098 284d 4143 2041 4444 5245 5353 204f ..(MAC ADDRESS O\n+0001b9b0: 4620 4e49 4329 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 F NIC).... .\n+0001b9c0: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n+0001b9d0: 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 2849 5076 3420 ub.cfg-...(IPv4 \n+0001b9e0: 4f52 2049 5076 3620 4144 4452 4553 5329 OR IPv6 ADDRESS)\n+0001b9f0: e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 .... ...(FWP\n+0001ba00: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n+0001ba10: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2055 5549 4420 6973 .. The UUID is\n+0001ba20: 2074 6865 2043 6c69 656e 7420 4d61 6368 the Client Mach\n+0001ba30: 696e 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 204f ine Identifier O\n+0001ba40: 7074 696f 6e20 4465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e ption Definition\n+0001ba50: 2061 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e as.specified in\n+0001ba60: 2052 4643 2034 3537 382e 2020 5468 6520 RFC 4578. The \n+0001ba70: 636c 6965 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 client will only\n+0001ba80: 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f75 attempt to loou\n+0001ba90: 6b20 7570 2061 2055 5549 440a 636f 6e66 k up a UUID.conf\n+0001baa0: 6967 2066 696c 6520 6966 2069 7420 7761 ig file if it wa\n+0001bab0: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 s provided by th\n+0001bac0: 6520 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 722e 0a0a e DHCP server...\n+0001bad0: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 The client wi\n+0001bae0: 6c6c 206f 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 ll only attempt \n+0001baf0: 746f 206c 6f6f 6b20 7570 2061 6e20 4950 to look up an IP\n+0001bb00: 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 6f6e 6669 v6 address confi\n+0001bb10: 6720 6f6e 6365 2c0a 686f 7765 7665 722c g once,.however,\n+0001bb20: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6865 it will try the\n+0001bb30: 2049 5076 3420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 IPv4 multiple t\n+0001bb40: 696d 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f6e 6372 imes. The concr\n+0001bb50: 6574 6520 6578 616d 706c 650a 6265 6c6f ete example.belo\n+0001bb60: 7720 7368 6f77 7320 7768 6174 2077 6f75 w shows what wou\n+0001bb70: 6c64 2068 6170 7065 6e20 756e 6465 7220 ld happen under \n+0001bb80: 7468 6520 4950 7634 2063 6173 652e 0a0a the IPv4 case...\n+0001bb90: 2020 2020 2055 5549 443a 2037 3732 3661 UUID: 7726a\n+0001bba0: 3637 382d 3766 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6134 678-7fc0-4853-a4\n+0001bbb0: 6636 2d63 3835 6163 3336 6131 3230 610a f6-c85ac36a120a.\n+0001bbc0: 2020 2020 204d 4143 3a20 2035 323a 3534 MAC: 52:54\n+0001bbd0: 3a30 303a 6563 3a33 333a 3831 0a20 2020 :00:ec:33:81. \n+0001bbe0: 2020 4950 5634 3a20 3130 2e30 2e30 2e31 IPV4: 10.0.0.1\n+0001bbf0: 3330 2028 3041 3030 3030 3832 290a 0a20 30 (0A000082).. \n+0001bc00: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n+0001bc10: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3737 3236 ../grub.cfg-7726\n+0001bc20: 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 2d61 a678-7fc0-4853-a\n+0001bc30: 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 3061 4f6-c85ac36a120a\n+0001bc40: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n+0001bc50: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3532 ).../grub.cfg-52\n+0001bc60: 2d35 342d 3030 2d65 632d 3333 2d38 310a -54-00-ec-33-81.\n+0001bc70: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n+0001bc80: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 .../grub.cfg-0A0\n+0001bc90: 3030 3038 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 00082. ...(F\n+0001bca0: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n+0001bcb0: 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 0a20 2020 2020 fg-0A00008. \n+0001bcc0: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n+0001bcd0: 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 0a20 rub.cfg-0A0000. \n+0001bce0: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n+0001bcf0: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 ../grub.cfg-0A00\n+0001bd00: 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 0. ...(FWPAT\n+0001bd10: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 H).../grub.cfg-0\n+0001bd20: 4130 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 A00. ...(FWP\n+0001bd30: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n+0001bd40: 2d30 4130 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 -0A0. ...(FW\n+0001bd50: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n+0001bd60: 672d 3041 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 g-0A. ...(FW\n+0001bd70: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n+0001bd80: 672d 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 g-0. ...(FWP\n+0001bd90: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n+0001bda0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6665 6174 7572 .. This featur\n+0001bdb0: 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 e is enabled by \n+0001bdc0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6275 7420 6974 2063 default but it c\n+0001bdd0: 616e 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 an be disabled b\n+0001bde0: 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 e280 y setting.the ..\n+0001bdf0: 9866 6561 7475 7265 5f6e 6574 5f73 6561 .feature_net_sea\n+0001be00: 7263 685f 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 rch_cfg... to ..\n+0001be10: 986e e280 992e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 7468 .n.... Since th\n+0001be20: 6973 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2062 6566 6f72 is happens befor\n+0001be30: 6520 7468 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 e the.configurat\n+0001be40: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7265 6164 ion file is read\n+0001be50: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6973 206f by GRUB, this o\n+0001be60: 7074 696f 6e20 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 ption has to be \n+0001be70: 6469 7361 626c 6564 2069 6e20 616e 0a65 disabled in an.e\n+0001be80: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n+0001be90: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 ation file (*not\n+0001bea0: 6520 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 e Embedded confi\n+0001beb0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 guration::)... \n+0001bec0: 2041 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 After GRUB has \n+0001bed0: 7374 6172 7465 642c 2066 696c 6573 206f started, files o\n+0001bee0: 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 2073 6572 7665 n the TFTP serve\n+0001bef0: 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 r will be access\n+0001bf00: 6962 6c65 0a76 6961 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ible.via the ...\n+0001bf10: 2874 6674 7029 e280 9920 6465 7669 6365 (tftp)... device\n+0001bf20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7365 7276 6572 ... The server\n+0001bf30: 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6361 6e20 IP address can \n+0001bf40: 6265 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 be controlled by\n+0001bf50: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 changing the ..\n+0001bf60: 9828 7466 7470 29e2 8099 0a64 6576 6963 .(tftp)....devic\n+0001bf70: 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 e280 9828 7466 e name to ...(tf\n+0001bf80: 7470 2c53 4552 5645 522d 4950 29e2 8099 tp,SERVER-IP)...\n+0001bf90: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 . Note that thi\n+0001bfa0: 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6368 616e s should be chan\n+0001bfb0: 6765 640a 626f 7468 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ged.both in the \n+0001bfc0: 7072 6566 6978 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 616e prefix and in an\n+0001bfd0: 7920 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2074 6f20 y references to \n+0001bfe0: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 the device name \n+0001bff0: 696e 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 in the.configura\n+0001c000: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 tion file... G\n+0001c010: 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2073 6576 RUB provides sev\n+0001c020: 6572 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 eral environment\n+0001c030: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6869 6368 variables which\n+0001c040: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a may be used to.\n+0001c050: 696e 7370 6563 7420 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 inspect or chang\n+0001c060: 6520 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 e the behaviour \n+0001c070: 6f66 2074 6865 2050 5845 2064 6576 6963 of the PXE devic\n+0001c080: 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f e. In the follo\n+0001c090: 7769 6e67 0a64 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e wing.description\n+0001c0a0: 203c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 2069 7320 is \n+0001c0b0: 706c 6163 6568 6f6c 6465 7220 666f 7220 placeholder for \n+0001c0c0: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 the name of netw\n+0001c0d0: 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2870 ork interface.(p\n+0001c0e0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6465 7065 6e64 656e latform dependen\n+0001c0f0: 7429 3a0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 t):.....net__ip.... \n+0001c110: 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 The network i\n+0001c120: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 2049 5020 6164 nterface's IP ad\n+0001c130: 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c dress. Read-onl\n+0001c140: 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 y......net__mac.... \n+0001c160: 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 The network i\n+0001c170: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 nterface's MAC a\n+0001c180: 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e ddress. Read-on\n+0001c190: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__clientid\n+0001c1b0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 .... The cli\n+0001c1c0: 656e 7420 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 ent id provided \n+0001c1d0: 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e by DHCP. Read-on\n+0001c1e0: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__clientuu\n+0001c200: 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 id.... The c\n+0001c210: 6c69 656e 7420 7575 6964 2070 726f 7669 lient uuid provi\n+0001c220: 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 ded by DHCP. Rea\n+0001c230: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n+0001c240: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f 7374 _host\n+0001c250: 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 name.... The\n+0001c260: 2063 6c69 656e 7420 686f 7374 206e 616d client host nam\n+0001c270: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 e provided by DH\n+0001c280: 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a CP. Read-only...\n+0001c290: e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 ...net__domain.... \n+0001c2b0: 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2064 6f6d The client dom\n+0001c2c0: 6169 6e20 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 ain name provide\n+0001c2d0: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d d by DHCP. Read-\n+0001c2e0: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__rootpa\n+0001c300: 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 th.... The p\n+0001c310: 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6c69 656e ath to the clien\n+0001c320: 7427 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6973 6b20 7072 t's root disk pr\n+0001c330: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 ovided by DHCP. \n+0001c340: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e Read-only......n\n+0001c350: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 et__e\n+0001c360: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 8099 xtensionspath...\n+0001c370: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 . The path t\n+0001c380: 6f20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2044 4843 o additional DHC\n+0001c390: 5020 7665 6e64 6f72 2065 7874 656e 7369 P vendor extensi\n+0001c3a0: 6f6e 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 ons provided by \n+0001c3b0: 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d DHCP.. Read-\n+0001c3c0: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__boot_f\n+0001c3e0: 696c 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ile.... The \n+0001c3f0: 626f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2070 boot file name p\n+0001c400: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e rovided by DHCP.\n+0001c410: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n+0001c420: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+0001c430: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n+0001c440: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 616d .... The nam\n+0001c450: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 e of the DHCP se\n+0001c460: 7276 6572 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 rver responsible\n+0001c470: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2062 6f6f 7420 for these boot \n+0001c480: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 2020 parameters.. \n+0001c490: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n+0001c4a0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+0001c4b0: 6e65 7874 5f73 6572 7665 72e2 8099 0a20 next_server.... \n+0001c4c0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 The IP addre\n+0001c4d0: 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2028 ss of the next (\n+0001c4e0: 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2054 4654 5029 2073 usually, TFTP) s\n+0001c4f0: 6572 7665 7220 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 erver provided b\n+0001c500: 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 y DHCP.. Rea\n+0001c510: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n+0001c520: 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 default_interfac\n+0001c530: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 6974 6961 e.... Initia\n+0001c540: 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 746f 206e 616d 6520 lly set to name \n+0001c550: 6f66 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 of network inter\n+0001c560: 6661 6365 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 7573 face that was us\n+0001c570: 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 ed to load. \n+0001c580: 6772 7562 2e20 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 grub. Read-writ\n+0001c590: 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 e, although sett\n+0001c5a0: 696e 6720 6974 2061 6666 6563 7473 206f ing it affects o\n+0001c5b0: 6e6c 7920 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 nly interpretati\n+0001c5c0: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6e65 on. of ...ne\n+0001c5d0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 9920 t_default_ip... \n+0001c5e0: 616e 6420 e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 and ...net_defau\n+0001c5f0: 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 0ae2 8098 6e65 lt_mac........ne\n+0001c600: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 990a t_default_ip....\n+0001c610: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2049 5020 6164 6472 The IP addr\n+0001c620: 6573 7320 6f66 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 ess of default i\n+0001c630: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 2052 6561 642d nterface. Read-\n+0001c640: 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 only. This is a\n+0001c650: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 lias for. th\n+0001c660: 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 e ...net_${net_d\n+0001c670: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 efault_interface\n+0001c680: 7d5f 6970 e280 992e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 }_ip.........net\n+0001c690: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a _default_mac....\n+0001c6a0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 The default\n+0001c6b0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 interface's MAC\n+0001c6c0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d address. Read-\n+0001c6d0: 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 only. This is a\n+0001c6e0: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 lias for. th\n+0001c6f0: 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 e ...net_${net_d\n+0001c700: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 efault_interface\n+0001c710: 7d5f 6d61 63e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 }_mac.........ne\n+0001c720: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 t_default_server\n+0001c730: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 .... The def\n+0001c740: 6175 6c74 2073 6572 7665 7220 7573 6564 ault server used\n+0001c750: 2062 7920 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 by network driv\n+0001c760: 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 es (*note Device\n+0001c770: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 syntax::).. \n+0001c780: 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 Read-write, alt\n+0001c790: 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 hough setting th\n+0001c7a0: 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 is is only usefu\n+0001c7b0: 6c20 6265 666f 7265 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 l before opening\n+0001c7c0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 a. network \n+0001c7d0: 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a device.....File:\n+0001c7e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0001c7f0: 653a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e e: Serial termin\n+0001c800: 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2056 656e 646f al, Next: Vendo\n+0001c810: 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c r power-on keys,\n+0001c820: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c Prev: Network,\n+0001c830: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 2055 7369 Up: Top..9 Usi\n+0001c840: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7669 6120 6120 7365 ng GRUB via a se\n+0001c850: 7269 616c 206c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a rial line.******\n 0001c860: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 2063 6861 7074 ****..This chapt\n-0001c880: 6572 2064 6573 6372 6962 6573 2068 6f77 er describes how\n-0001c890: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7365 7269 to use the seri\n-0001c8a0: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 al terminal supp\n-0001c8b0: 6f72 7420 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 ort in GRUB... \n-0001c8c0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 206d 616e If you have man\n-0001c8d0: 7920 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 6f72 2063 y computers or c\n-0001c8e0: 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f omputers with no\n-0001c8f0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2f6b 6579 626f 6172 display/keyboar\n-0001c900: 642c 2069 740a 636f 756c 6420 6265 2076 d, it.could be v\n-0001c910: 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 636f ery useful to co\n-0001c920: 6e74 726f 6c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 ntrol the comput\n-0001c930: 6572 7320 7468 726f 7567 6820 7365 7269 ers through seri\n-0001c940: 616c 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e al.communication\n-0001c950: 732e 2020 546f 2063 6f6e 6e65 6374 206f s. To connect o\n-0001c960: 6e65 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7769 7468 ne computer with\n-0001c970: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2076 6961 2061 2073 another via a s\n-0001c980: 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 2c0a 796f 7520 erial line,.you \n-0001c990: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6570 6172 6520 need to prepare \n-0001c9a0: 6120 6e75 6c6c 2d6d 6f64 656d 2028 6372 a null-modem (cr\n-0001c9b0: 6f73 7329 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6361 626c oss) serial cabl\n-0001c9c0: 652c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206d 6179 206e e, and you may n\n-0001c9d0: 6565 640a 746f 2068 6176 6520 6d75 6c74 eed.to have mult\n-0001c9e0: 6970 6f72 7420 7365 7269 616c 2062 6f61 iport serial boa\n-0001c9f0: 7264 732c 2069 6620 796f 7572 2063 6f6d rds, if your com\n-0001ca00: 7075 7465 7220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6861 puter doesn't ha\n-0001ca10: 7665 2065 7874 7261 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 ve extra.serial \n-0001ca20: 706f 7274 732e 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 ports. In addit\n-0001ca30: 696f 6e2c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ion, a terminal \n-0001ca40: 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 616c 736f emulator is also\n-0001ca50: 2072 6571 7569 7265 642c 2073 7563 680a required, such.\n-0001ca60: 6173 206d 696e 6963 6f6d 2e20 2052 6566 as minicom. Ref\n-0001ca70: 6572 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 6e75 616c 206f er to a manual o\n-0001ca80: 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 f your operating\n-0001ca90: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 system, for mor\n-0001caa0: 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e.information...\n-0001cab0: 2020 2041 7320 666f 7220 4752 5542 2c20 As for GRUB, \n-0001cac0: 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e20 the instruction \n-0001cad0: 746f 2073 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 to set up a seri\n-0001cae0: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6973 2071 al terminal is q\n-0001caf0: 7569 7465 0a73 696d 706c 652e 2020 4865 uite.simple. He\n-0001cb00: 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 re is an example\n-0001cb10: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7365 :.. grub> se\n-0001cb20: 7269 616c 202d 2d75 6e69 743d 3020 2d2d rial --unit=0 --\n-0001cb30: 7370 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 2020 2020 speed=9600. \n-0001cb40: 6772 7562 3e20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 grub> terminal_i\n-0001cb50: 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c3b 2074 6572 nput serial; ter\n-0001cb60: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2073 6572 minal_output ser\n-0001cb70: 6961 6c0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d ial.. The comm\n-0001cb80: 616e 6420 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 and ...serial...\n-0001cb90: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 initializes the\n-0001cba0: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 2030 2077 serial unit 0 w\n-0001cbb0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 6565 640a 3936 ith the speed.96\n-0001cbc0: 3030 6270 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 00bps. The seri\n-0001cbd0: 616c 2075 6e69 7420 3020 6973 2075 7375 al unit 0 is usu\n-0001cbe0: 616c 6c79 2063 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9843 ally called ...C\n-0001cbf0: 4f4d 31e2 8099 2c20 736f 2c20 6966 2079 OM1..., so, if y\n-0001cc00: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a75 7365 2043 ou want to.use C\n-0001cc10: 4f4d 322c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 7420 7370 OM2, you must sp\n-0001cc20: 6563 6966 7920 e280 982d 2d75 6e69 743d ecify ...--unit=\n-0001cc30: 31e2 8099 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 2054 1... instead. T\n-0001cc40: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6163 6365 his command acce\n-0001cc50: 7074 730a 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206f pts.many other o\n-0001cc60: 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 ptions, *note se\n-0001cc70: 7269 616c 3a3a 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 rial:: for more \n-0001cc80: 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2057 6974 details... Wit\n-0001cc90: 686f 7574 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6f72 hout argument or\n-0001cca0: 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d70 6f72 743d with ...--port=\n-0001ccb0: 6175 746f e280 992c 2047 5255 4220 7769 auto..., GRUB wi\n-0001ccc0: 6c6c 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 7573 ll attempt to us\n-0001ccd0: 6520 4143 5049 0a77 6865 6e20 6176 6169 e ACPI.when avai\n-0001cce0: 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2061 7574 6f2d 6465 lable to auto-de\n-0001ccf0: 7465 6374 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 tect the default\n-0001cd00: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2061 6e64 serial port and\n-0001cd10: 2069 7473 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 its.configurati\n-0001cd20: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d on... The comm\n-0001cd30: 616e 6473 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c ands ...terminal\n-0001cd40: 5f69 6e70 7574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 _input... (*note\n-0001cd50: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a terminal_input:\n-0001cd60: 3a29 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7465 726d 696e :) and....termin\n-0001cd70: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e al_output... (*n\n-0001cd80: 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 ote terminal_out\n-0001cd90: 7075 743a 3a29 2063 686f 6f73 6520 7768 put::) choose wh\n-0001cda0: 6963 6820 7479 7065 206f 660a 7465 726d ich type of.term\n-0001cdb0: 696e 616c 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f inal you want to\n-0001cdc0: 2075 7365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6361 use. In the ca\n-0001cdd0: 7365 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 6520 7465 se above, the te\n-0001cde0: 726d 696e 616c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 rminal will be a\n-0001cdf0: 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c .serial terminal\n-0001ce00: 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 616c , but you can al\n-0001ce10: 736f 2070 6173 7320 e280 9863 6f6e 736f so pass ...conso\n-0001ce20: 6c65 e280 9920 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d le... to the com\n-0001ce30: 6d61 6e64 2c20 6173 0ae2 8098 7465 726d mand, as....term\n-0001ce40: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 inal_input seria\n-0001ce50: 6c20 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2e20 2049 l console.... I\n-0001ce60: 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 652c 2061 2074 n this case, a t\n-0001ce70: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 2077 6869 6368 erminal in which\n-0001ce80: 2079 6f75 0a70 7265 7373 2061 6e79 206b you.press any k\n-0001ce90: 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 656c 6563 ey will be selec\n-0001cea0: 7465 6420 6173 2061 2047 5255 4220 7465 ted as a GRUB te\n-0001ceb0: 726d 696e 616c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 rminal. In the \n-0001cec0: 6578 616d 706c 650a 6162 6f76 652c 206e example.above, n\n-0001ced0: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206e 6565 ote that you nee\n-0001cee0: 6420 746f 2070 7574 2062 6f74 6820 636f d to put both co\n-0001cef0: 6d6d 616e 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7361 mmands on the sa\n-0001cf00: 6d65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652c me command line,\n-0001cf10: 0a61 7320 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6f73 .as you will los\n-0001cf20: 6520 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f e the ability to\n-0001cf30: 2074 7970 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206f type commands o\n-0001cf40: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6166 n the console af\n-0001cf50: 7465 7220 7468 650a 6669 7273 7420 636f ter the.first co\n-0001cf60: 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 mmand... Howev\n-0001cf70: 6572 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 4752 er, note that GR\n-0001cf80: 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 6861 7420 UB assumes that \n-0001cf90: 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d your terminal em\n-0001cfa0: 756c 6174 6f72 2069 730a 636f 6d70 6174 ulator is.compat\n-0001cfb0: 6962 6c65 2077 6974 6820 5654 3130 3020 ible with VT100 \n-0001cfc0: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2054 6869 by default. Thi\n-0001cfd0: 7320 6973 2074 7275 6520 666f 7220 6d6f s is true for mo\n-0001cfe0: 7374 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 656d 756c st terminal.emul\n-0001cff0: 6174 6f72 7320 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2c20 ators nowadays, \n-0001d000: 6275 7420 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 but you should p\n-0001d010: 6173 7320 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 ass the option .\n-0001d020: 8098 2d2d 6475 6d62 e280 9920 746f 2074 ..--dumb... to t\n-0001d030: 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6620 796f he.command if yo\n-0001d040: 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c ur terminal emul\n-0001d050: 6174 6f72 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 5654 3130 ator is not VT10\n-0001d060: 302d 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 206f 7220 0-compatible or \n-0001d070: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7473 0a66 6577 2056 implements.few V\n-0001d080: 5431 3030 2065 7363 6170 6520 7365 7175 T100 escape sequ\n-0001d090: 656e 6365 732e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 ences. If you s\n-0001d0a0: 7065 6369 6679 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 pecify this opti\n-0001d0b0: 6f6e 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 0a70 726f on then GRUB.pro\n-0001d0c0: 7669 6465 7320 796f 7520 7769 7468 2061 vides you with a\n-0001d0d0: 6e20 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 6d65 n alternative me\n-0001d0e0: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 6265 nu interface, be\n-0001d0f0: 6361 7573 6520 7468 6520 6e6f 726d 616c cause the normal\n-0001d100: 206d 656e 750a 7265 7175 6972 6573 2073 menu.requires s\n-0001d110: 6576 6572 616c 2066 616e 6379 2066 6561 everal fancy fea\n-0001d120: 7475 7265 7320 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7465 tures of your te\n-0001d130: 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a rminal.....File:\n-0001d140: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0001d150: 653a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d e: Vendor power-\n-0001d160: 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 on keys, Next: \n-0001d170: 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 Images, Prev: S\n-0001d180: 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 erial terminal, \n-0001d190: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3130 2055 7369 Up: Top..10 Usi\n-0001d1a0: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7769 7468 2076 656e ng GRUB with ven\n-0001d1b0: 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 dor power-on key\n-0001d1c0: 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s.**************\n+0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 2063 ********..This c\n+0001c880: 6861 7074 6572 2064 6573 6372 6962 6573 hapter describes\n+0001c890: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 how to use the \n+0001c8a0: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n+0001c8b0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 696e 2047 5255 422e support in GRUB.\n+0001c8c0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 .. If you have\n+0001c8d0: 206d 616e 7920 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 many computers \n+0001c8e0: 6f72 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 or computers wit\n+0001c8f0: 6820 6e6f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2f6b 6579 h no display/key\n+0001c900: 626f 6172 642c 2069 740a 636f 756c 6420 board, it.could \n+0001c910: 6265 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 be very useful t\n+0001c920: 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 7468 6520 636f o control the co\n+0001c930: 6d70 7574 6572 7320 7468 726f 7567 6820 mputers through \n+0001c940: 7365 7269 616c 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 serial.communica\n+0001c950: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 546f 2063 6f6e 6e65 tions. To conne\n+0001c960: 6374 206f 6e65 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 ct one computer \n+0001c970: 7769 7468 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2076 6961 with another via\n+0001c980: 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 2c0a a serial line,.\n+0001c990: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6570 you need to prep\n+0001c9a0: 6172 6520 6120 6e75 6c6c 2d6d 6f64 656d are a null-modem\n+0001c9b0: 2028 6372 6f73 7329 2073 6572 6961 6c20 (cross) serial \n+0001c9c0: 6361 626c 652c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206d cable, and you m\n+0001c9d0: 6179 206e 6565 640a 746f 2068 6176 6520 ay need.to have \n+0001c9e0: 6d75 6c74 6970 6f72 7420 7365 7269 616c multiport serial\n+0001c9f0: 2062 6f61 7264 732c 2069 6620 796f 7572 boards, if your\n+0001ca00: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 646f 6573 6e27 computer doesn'\n+0001ca10: 7420 6861 7665 2065 7874 7261 0a73 6572 t have extra.ser\n+0001ca20: 6961 6c20 706f 7274 732e 2020 496e 2061 ial ports. In a\n+0001ca30: 6464 6974 696f 6e2c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 ddition, a termi\n+0001ca40: 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 nal emulator is \n+0001ca50: 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 642c 2073 also required, s\n+0001ca60: 7563 680a 6173 206d 696e 6963 6f6d 2e20 uch.as minicom. \n+0001ca70: 2052 6566 6572 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 6e75 Refer to a manu\n+0001ca80: 616c 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 al of your opera\n+0001ca90: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 ting system, for\n+0001caa0: 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more.informatio\n+0001cab0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 666f 7220 4752 n... As for GR\n+0001cac0: 5542 2c20 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 UB, the instruct\n+0001cad0: 696f 6e20 746f 2073 6574 2075 7020 6120 ion to set up a \n+0001cae0: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n+0001caf0: 6973 2071 7569 7465 0a73 696d 706c 652e is quite.simple.\n+0001cb00: 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 Here is an exa\n+0001cb10: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 mple:.. grub\n+0001cb20: 3e20 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d75 6e69 743d > serial --unit=\n+0001cb30: 3020 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 0 --speed=9600. \n+0001cb40: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7465 726d 696e grub> termin\n+0001cb50: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c3b al_input serial;\n+0001cb60: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n+0001cb70: 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 serial.. The \n+0001cb80: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6572 6961 command ...seria\n+0001cb90: 6ce2 8099 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 l... initializes\n+0001cba0: 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 the serial unit\n+0001cbb0: 2030 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 6565 0 with the spee\n+0001cbc0: 640a 3936 3030 6270 732e 2020 5468 6520 d.9600bps. The \n+0001cbd0: 7365 7269 616c 2075 6e69 7420 3020 6973 serial unit 0 is\n+0001cbe0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2063 616c 6c65 6420 usually called \n+0001cbf0: e280 9843 4f4d 31e2 8099 2c20 736f 2c20 ...COM1..., so, \n+0001cc00: 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a75 if you want to.u\n+0001cc10: 7365 2043 4f4d 322c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 se COM2, you mus\n+0001cc20: 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 e280 982d 2d75 t specify ...--u\n+0001cc30: 6e69 743d 31e2 8099 2069 6e73 7465 6164 nit=1... instead\n+0001cc40: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . This command \n+0001cc50: 6163 6365 7074 730a 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 accepts.many oth\n+0001cc60: 6572 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 2a6e 6f74 er options, *not\n+0001cc70: 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2066 6f72 206d e serial:: for m\n+0001cc80: 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 ore details... \n+0001cc90: 2057 6974 686f 7574 2061 7267 756d 656e Without argumen\n+0001cca0: 7420 6f72 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d70 t or with ...--p\n+0001ccb0: 6f72 743d 6175 746f e280 992c 2047 5255 ort=auto..., GRU\n+0001ccc0: 4220 7769 6c6c 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 B will attempt t\n+0001ccd0: 6f20 7573 6520 4143 5049 0a77 6865 6e20 o use ACPI.when \n+0001cce0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2061 7574 available to aut\n+0001ccf0: 6f2d 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2064 6566 o-detect the def\n+0001cd00: 6175 6c74 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 ault serial port\n+0001cd10: 2061 6e64 2069 7473 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 and its.configu\n+0001cd20: 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 ration... The \n+0001cd30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 7465 726d commands ...term\n+0001cd40: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 e280 9920 282a inal_input... (*\n+0001cd50: 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e note terminal_in\n+0001cd60: 7075 743a 3a29 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7465 put::) and....te\n+0001cd70: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 rminal_output...\n+0001cd80: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c (*note terminal\n+0001cd90: 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 3a29 2063 686f 6f73 _output::) choos\n+0001cda0: 6520 7768 6963 6820 7479 7065 206f 660a e which type of.\n+0001cdb0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2079 6f75 2077 616e terminal you wan\n+0001cdc0: 7420 746f 2075 7365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 t to use. In th\n+0001cdd0: 6520 6361 7365 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 e case above, th\n+0001cde0: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696c 6c20 e terminal will \n+0001cdf0: 6265 2061 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d be a.serial term\n+0001ce00: 696e 616c 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 6361 inal, but you ca\n+0001ce10: 6e20 616c 736f 2070 6173 7320 e280 9863 n also pass ...c\n+0001ce20: 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 9920 746f 2074 6865 onsole... to the\n+0001ce30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 6173 0ae2 8098 command, as....\n+0001ce40: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 terminal_input s\n+0001ce50: 6572 6961 6c20 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 erial console...\n+0001ce60: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 652c . In this case,\n+0001ce70: 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 2077 a terminal in w\n+0001ce80: 6869 6368 2079 6f75 0a70 7265 7373 2061 hich you.press a\n+0001ce90: 6e79 206b 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 ny key will be s\n+0001cea0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 6173 2061 2047 5255 elected as a GRU\n+0001ceb0: 4220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 2049 6e20 B terminal. In \n+0001cec0: 7468 6520 6578 616d 706c 650a 6162 6f76 the example.abov\n+0001ced0: 652c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 e, note that you\n+0001cee0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2070 7574 2062 6f74 need to put bot\n+0001cef0: 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206f 6e20 7468 h commands on th\n+0001cf00: 6520 7361 6d65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c e same command l\n+0001cf10: 696e 652c 0a61 7320 796f 7520 7769 6c6c ine,.as you will\n+0001cf20: 206c 6f73 6520 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 lose the abilit\n+0001cf30: 7920 746f 2074 7970 6520 636f 6d6d 616e y to type comman\n+0001cf40: 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c ds on the consol\n+0001cf50: 6520 6166 7465 7220 7468 650a 6669 7273 e after the.firs\n+0001cf60: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2048 t command... H\n+0001cf70: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 owever, note tha\n+0001cf80: 7420 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 t GRUB assumes t\n+0001cf90: 6861 7420 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 hat your termina\n+0001cfa0: 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 730a 636f l emulator is.co\n+0001cfb0: 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2077 6974 6820 5654 mpatible with VT\n+0001cfc0: 3130 3020 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 100 by default. \n+0001cfd0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2074 7275 6520 666f This is true fo\n+0001cfe0: 7220 6d6f 7374 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a r most terminal.\n+0001cff0: 656d 756c 6174 6f72 7320 6e6f 7761 6461 emulators nowada\n+0001d000: 7973 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 7368 6f75 ys, but you shou\n+0001d010: 6c64 2070 6173 7320 7468 6520 6f70 7469 ld pass the opti\n+0001d020: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6475 6d62 e280 9920 on ...--dumb... \n+0001d030: 746f 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 to the.command i\n+0001d040: 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 f your terminal \n+0001d050: 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 emulator is not \n+0001d060: 5654 3130 302d 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 VT100-compatible\n+0001d070: 206f 7220 696d 706c 656d 656e 7473 0a66 or implements.f\n+0001d080: 6577 2056 5431 3030 2065 7363 6170 6520 ew VT100 escape \n+0001d090: 7365 7175 656e 6365 732e 2020 4966 2079 sequences. If y\n+0001d0a0: 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6869 7320 ou specify this \n+0001d0b0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 option then GRUB\n+0001d0c0: 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 796f 7520 7769 .provides you wi\n+0001d0d0: 7468 2061 6e20 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 th an alternativ\n+0001d0e0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu interface\n+0001d0f0: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6520 6e6f , because the no\n+0001d100: 726d 616c 206d 656e 750a 7265 7175 6972 rmal menu.requir\n+0001d110: 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c 2066 616e 6379 es several fancy\n+0001d120: 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 6f66 2079 6f75 features of you\n+0001d130: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 r terminal.....F\n+0001d140: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0001d150: 204e 6f64 653a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f Node: Vendor po\n+0001d160: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 4e65 wer-on keys, Ne\n+0001d170: 7874 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2050 7265 xt: Images, Pre\n+0001d180: 763a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e v: Serial termin\n+0001d190: 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3130 al, Up: Top..10\n+0001d1a0: 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7769 7468 Using GRUB with\n+0001d1b0: 2076 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e vendor power-on\n+0001d1c0: 206b 6579 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a keys.**********\n 0001d1d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001d1e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 *********..Some \n-0001d1f0: 6c61 7074 6f70 2076 656e 646f 7273 2070 laptop vendors p\n-0001d200: 726f 7669 6465 2061 6e20 6164 6469 7469 rovide an additi\n-0001d210: 6f6e 616c 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6275 onal power-on bu\n-0001d220: 7474 6f6e 2077 6869 6368 2062 6f6f 7473 tton which boots\n-0001d230: 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 204f 532e 2047 5255 .another OS. GRU\n-0001d240: 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2073 7563 6820 B supports such \n-0001d250: 6275 7474 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 buttons with the\n-0001d260: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n-0001d270: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c0a e280 9847 _BUTTON...,....G\n-0001d280: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c RUB_TIMEOUT_STYL\n-0001d290: 455f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 20e2 8098 E_BUTTON..., ...\n-0001d2a0: 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 GRUB_DEFAULT_BUT\n-0001d2b0: 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 616e 640a e280 9847 TON..., and....G\n-0001d2c0: 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e 5f43 4d4f 535f RUB_BUTTON_CMOS_\n-0001d2d0: 4144 4452 4553 53e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 ADDRESS... varia\n-0001d2e0: 626c 6573 2069 6e20 6465 6661 756c 742f bles in default/\n-0001d2f0: 6772 7562 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 grub (*note Simp\n-0001d300: 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le.configuration\n-0001d310: 3a3a 292e 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 ::). ...GRUB_TI\n-0001d320: 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c MEOUT_BUTTON...,\n-0001d330: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n-0001d340: 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 _STYLE_BUTTON...\n-0001d350: 2c0a 616e 6420 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 ,.and ...GRUB_DE\n-0001d360: 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 9920 FAULT_BUTTON... \n-0001d370: 6172 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 are used instead\n-0001d380: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f of the correspo\n-0001d390: 6e64 696e 670a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 nding.variables \n-0001d3a0: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 e280 985f without the ..._\n-0001d3b0: 4255 5454 4f4e e280 9920 7375 6666 6978 BUTTON... suffix\n-0001d3c0: 2077 6865 6e20 706f 7765 7265 6420 6f6e when powered on\n-0001d3d0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 using the speci\n-0001d3e0: 616c 0a62 7574 746f 6e2e 2020 e280 9847 al.button. ...G\n-0001d3f0: 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e 5f43 4d4f 535f RUB_BUTTON_CMOS_\n-0001d400: 4144 4452 4553 53e2 8099 2069 7320 7665 ADDRESS... is ve\n-0001d410: 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 616e ndor-specific an\n-0001d420: 6420 7061 7274 6961 6c6c 790a 6d6f 6465 d partially.mode\n-0001d430: 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 2056 616c l-specific. Val\n-0001d440: 7565 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2074 6865 ues known to the\n-0001d450: 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2061 7265 3a0a GRUB team are:.\n-0001d460: 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d 3133 3330 .. 121:3.. \n-0001d490: 2020 2020 3835 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c 204c 85:3.. \n-0001d4b0: 2020 2020 3835 3a33 0a3c 4173 7573 2045 85:3.. \n-0001d4d0: 2020 3834 3a31 2028 756e 636f 6e66 6972 84:1 (unconfir\n-0001d4e0: 6d65 6429 0a3c 4c45 4e4f 564f 2054 6869 med).. 101:\n-0001d510: 330a 0a20 2020 546f 2074 616b 6520 6675 3.. To take fu\n-0001d520: 6c6c 2061 6476 616e 7461 6765 206f 6620 ll advantage of \n-0001d530: 7468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2c 2069 this function, i\n-0001d540: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f nstall GRUB into\n-0001d550: 2074 6865 204d 4252 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 the MBR.(*note \n-0001d560: 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 Installing GRUB \n-0001d570: 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 using grub-insta\n-0001d580: 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f ll::)... If yo\n-0001d590: 7520 6861 7665 2061 206c 6170 746f 7020 u have a laptop \n-0001d5a0: 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6120 7369 6d69 which has a simi\n-0001d5b0: 6c61 7220 6665 6174 7572 6520 616e 6420 lar feature and \n-0001d5c0: 6e6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2061 626f 7665 not in the above\n-0001d5d0: 0a6c 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 796f 7520 .list could you \n-0001d5e0: 6669 6775 7265 2079 6f75 7220 6164 6472 figure your addr\n-0001d5f0: 6573 7320 616e 6420 636f 6e74 7269 6275 ess and contribu\n-0001d600: 7465 3f20 2054 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 te? To discover\n-0001d610: 2074 6865 0a61 6464 7265 7373 2064 6f20 the.address do \n-0001d620: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a20 the following:. \n-0001d630: 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 206e 6f72 6d61 ... boot norma\n-0001d640: 6c6c 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 2020 2020 2020 lly. ... \n-0001d650: 7375 646f 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 6e76 sudo modprobe nv\n-0001d660: 7261 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 ram. su\n-0001d670: 646f 2063 6174 202f 6465 762f 6e76 7261 do cat /dev/nvra\n-0001d680: 6d20 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d 616c m | xxd > normal\n-0001d690: 5f62 7574 746f 6e2e 7478 740a 2020 20e2 _button.txt. .\n-0001d6a0: 80a2 2062 6f6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 7665 .. boot using ve\n-0001d6b0: 6e64 6f72 2062 7574 746f 6e0a 2020 20e2 ndor button. .\n-0001d6c0: 80a2 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f 206d 6f64 .. sudo mod\n-0001d6d0: 7072 6f62 6520 6e76 7261 6d0a 2020 2020 probe nvram. \n-0001d6e0: 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f 2063 6174 202f sudo cat /\n-0001d6f0: 6465 762f 6e76 7261 6d20 7c20 7878 6420 dev/nvram | xxd \n-0001d700: 3e20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f76 656e 646f 722e > normal_vendor.\n-0001d710: 7478 740a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2063 6f6d txt.. Then com\n-0001d720: 7061 7265 2074 6865 7365 2074 6578 7420 pare these text \n-0001d730: 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6669 6e64 2077 files and find w\n-0001d740: 6865 7265 2061 2062 6974 2077 6173 2074 here a bit was t\n-0001d750: 6f67 676c 6564 2e20 2045 2e67 2e0a 696e oggled. E.g..in\n-0001d760: 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2044 656c 6c20 5850 case of Dell XP\n-0001d770: 5320 6974 2077 6173 3a0a 2020 2020 2062 S it was:. b\n-0001d780: 7974 6520 3078 3437 3a20 3230 202d 2d3e yte 0x47: 20 -->\n-0001d790: 2032 380a 2020 2049 7427 7320 6120 6269 28. It's a bi\n-0001d7a0: 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 2033 2061 7320 7365 t number 3 as se\n-0001d7b0: 656e 2066 726f 6d20 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e en from followin\n-0001d7c0: 6720 7461 626c 653a 0a30 2020 2020 2020 g table:.0 \n-0001d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3031 0a31 2020 2020 01.1 \n-0001d7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3032 0a32 2020 02.2 \n-0001d7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3034 0a33 04.3\n-0001d800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3038 08\n-0001d810: 0a34 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .4 \n-0001d820: 3130 0a35 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 10.5 \n-0001d830: 2020 3230 0a36 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 20.6 \n-0001d840: 2020 2020 3430 0a37 2020 2020 2020 2020 40.7 \n-0001d850: 2020 2020 2020 3830 0a0a 2020 2030 7834 80.. 0x4\n-0001d860: 3720 6973 2064 6563 696d 616c 2037 312e 7 is decimal 71.\n-0001d870: 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 6e76 7261 6d20 696d Linux nvram im\n-0001d880: 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2063 7574 plementation cut\n-0001d890: 7320 6669 7273 7420 3134 2062 7974 6573 s first 14 bytes\n-0001d8a0: 0a6f 6620 434d 4f53 2e20 536f 2074 6865 .of CMOS. So the\n-0001d8b0: 2072 6561 6c20 6279 7465 2061 6464 7265 real byte addre\n-0001d8c0: 7373 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 2069 7320 3731 ss in CMOS is 71\n-0001d8d0: 2b31 343d 3835 2053 6f20 636f 6d70 6c65 +14=85 So comple\n-0001d8e0: 7465 0a61 6464 7265 7373 2069 7320 3835 te.address is 85\n-0001d8f0: 3a33 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :3....File: grub\n-0001d900: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496d .info, Node: Im\n-0001d910: 6167 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f72 ages, Next: Cor\n-0001d920: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d e image size lim\n-0001d930: 6974 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 itation, Prev: \n-0001d940: 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 Vendor power-on \n-0001d950: 6b65 7973 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a keys, Up: Top..\n-0001d960: 3131 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6520 6669 11 GRUB image fi\n-0001d970: 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a les.************\n-0001d980: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 636f *******..GRUB co\n-0001d990: 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 7365 7665 7261 nsists of severa\n-0001d9a0: 6c20 696d 6167 6573 3a20 6120 7661 7269 l images: a vari\n-0001d9b0: 6574 7920 6f66 2062 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 ety of bootstrap\n-0001d9c0: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 720a 7374 6172 images for.star\n-0001d9d0: 7469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 696e 2076 6172 ting GRUB in var\n-0001d9e0: 696f 7573 2077 6179 732c 2061 206b 6572 ious ways, a ker\n-0001d9f0: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2061 nel image, and a\n-0001da00: 2073 6574 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 730a set of modules.\n-0001da10: 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 636f 6d62 696e which are combin\n-0001da20: 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6b65 726e ed with the kern\n-0001da30: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 666f 726d el image to form\n-0001da40: 2061 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 652e 2020 a core image. \n-0001da50: 4865 7265 2069 730a 6120 7368 6f72 7420 Here is.a short \n-0001da60: 6f76 6572 7669 6577 206f 6620 7468 656d overview of them\n-0001da70: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ......boot.img..\n-0001da80: 990a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 5043 2042 494f .. On PC BIO\n-0001da90: 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c 2074 6869 7320 S systems, this \n-0001daa0: 696d 6167 6520 6973 2074 6865 2066 6972 image is the fir\n-0001dab0: 7374 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2047 5255 4220 st part of GRUB \n-0001dac0: 746f 2073 7461 7274 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 to start.. I\n-0001dad0: 7420 6973 2077 7269 7474 656e 2074 6f20 t is written to \n-0001dae0: 6120 6d61 7374 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 7265 a master boot re\n-0001daf0: 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 206f 7220 746f cord (MBR) or to\n-0001db00: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 6f72 the boot sector\n-0001db10: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2061 2070 6172 7469 . of a parti\n-0001db20: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 6563 6175 7365 2061 tion. Because a\n-0001db30: 2050 4320 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f 7220 PC boot sector \n-0001db40: 6973 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 2c20 7468 is 512 bytes, th\n-0001db50: 6520 7369 7a65 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 e size of. t\n-0001db60: 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2065 7861 his image is exa\n-0001db70: 6374 6c79 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 2e0a ctly 512 bytes..\n-0001db80: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 736f 6c65 2066 . The sole f\n-0001db90: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 626f unction of ...bo\n-0001dba0: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6973 2074 6f20 ot.img... is to \n-0001dbb0: 7265 6164 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 read the first s\n-0001dbc0: 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ector of the. \n-0001dbd0: 2020 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f core image fro\n-0001dbe0: 6d20 6120 6c6f 6361 6c20 6469 736b 2061 m a local disk a\n-0001dbf0: 6e64 206a 756d 7020 746f 2069 742e 2020 nd jump to it. \n-0001dc00: 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2073 Because of the s\n-0001dc10: 697a 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 7472 6963 ize. restric\n-0001dc20: 7469 6f6e 2c20 e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d tion, ...boot.im\n-0001dc30: 67e2 8099 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 756e 6465 g... cannot unde\n-0001dc40: 7273 7461 6e64 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 rstand any file \n-0001dc50: 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 system. stru\n-0001dc60: 6374 7572 652c 2073 6f20 e280 9867 7275 cture, so ...gru\n-0001dc70: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2068 6172 b-install... har\n-0001dc80: 6463 6f64 6573 2074 6865 206c 6f63 6174 dcodes the locat\n-0001dc90: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ion of the first\n-0001dca0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 . sector of \n-0001dcb0: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 the core image i\n-0001dcc0: 6e74 6f20 e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 nto ...boot.img.\n-0001dcd0: 8099 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c69 .. when installi\n-0001dce0: 6e67 2047 5255 422e 0a0a e280 9864 6973 ng GRUB......dis\n-0001dcf0: 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 kboot.img.... \n-0001dd00: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 This image is \n-0001dd10: 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 used as the firs\n-0001dd20: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 t sector of the \n-0001dd30: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 6e0a core image when.\n-0001dd40: 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f booting fro\n-0001dd50: 6d20 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 m a hard disk. \n-0001dd60: 4974 2072 6561 6473 2074 6865 2072 6573 It reads the res\n-0001dd70: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d t of the core im\n-0001dd80: 6167 6520 696e 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 age into. me\n-0001dd90: 6d6f 7279 2061 6e64 2073 7461 7274 7320 mory and starts \n-0001dda0: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 2053 696e the kernel. Sin\n-0001ddb0: 6365 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2068 ce file system h\n-0001ddc0: 616e 646c 696e 6720 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 andling is not. \n-0001ddd0: 2020 2020 7965 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c yet availabl\n-0001dde0: 652c 2069 7420 656e 636f 6465 7320 7468 e, it encodes th\n-0001ddf0: 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 e location of th\n-0001de00: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2075 7369 e core image usi\n-0001de10: 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 ng a. block \n-0001de20: 6c69 7374 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a e280 list format.....\n-0001de30: 9863 6462 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 .cdboot.img.... \n-0001de40: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 This image i\n-0001de50: 7320 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 6669 s used as the fi\n-0001de60: 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 rst sector of th\n-0001de70: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 e core image whe\n-0001de80: 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 n. booting f\n-0001de90: 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 7269 rom a CD-ROM dri\n-0001dea0: 7665 2e20 2049 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 ve. It performs\n-0001deb0: 2061 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 756e 6374 a similar funct\n-0001dec0: 696f 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 ion to. ...d\n-0001ded0: 6973 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2e0a iskboot.img.....\n-0001dee0: 0ae2 8098 7078 6562 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 ....pxeboot.img.\n-0001def0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 ... This ima\n-0001df00: 6765 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 ge is used as th\n-0001df10: 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 e start of the c\n-0001df20: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e 2062 ore image when b\n-0001df30: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 ooting from. \n-0001df40: 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2075 7369 the network usi\n-0001df50: 6e67 2050 5845 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ng PXE. *Note Ne\n-0001df60: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a e280 986c 6e78 twork::......lnx\n-0001df70: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 boot.img.... \n-0001df80: 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6d61 7920 This image may \n-0001df90: 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6174 2074 6865 be placed at the\n-0001dfa0: 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f start of the co\n-0001dfb0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 re image in orde\n-0001dfc0: 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2047 r to. make G\n-0001dfd0: 5255 4220 6c6f 6f6b 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 RUB look enough \n-0001dfe0: 6c69 6b65 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 like a Linux ker\n-0001dff0: 6e65 6c20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 nel that it can \n-0001e000: 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 be booted by. \n-0001e010: 2020 4c49 4c4f 2075 7369 6e67 2061 6e20 LILO using an \n-0001e020: e280 9869 6d61 6765 3de2 8099 2073 6563 ...image=... sec\n-0001e030: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6b65 726e 656c tion......kernel\n-0001e040: 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 .img.... Thi\n-0001e050: 7320 696d 6167 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 s image contains\n-0001e060: 2047 5255 4227 7320 6261 7369 6320 7275 GRUB's basic ru\n-0001e070: 6e2d 7469 6d65 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 n-time facilitie\n-0001e080: 733a 2066 7261 6d65 776f 726b 730a 2020 s: frameworks. \n-0001e090: 2020 2066 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e for device an\n-0001e0a0: 6420 6669 6c65 2068 616e 646c 696e 672c d file handling,\n-0001e0b0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0001e0c0: 6961 626c 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7363 iables, the resc\n-0001e0d0: 7565 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 2063 6f6d ue. mode com\n-0001e0e0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 7061 7273 6572 mand-line parser\n-0001e0f0: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 4974 , and so on. 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It is bui\n-0001e180: 6c74 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 2066 lt dynamically f\n-0001e190: 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206b 6572 rom the. ker\n-0001e1a0: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 616e nel image and an\n-0001e1b0: 2061 7262 6974 7261 7279 206c 6973 7420 arbitrary list \n-0001e1c0: 6f66 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2062 7920 7468 of modules by th\n-0001e1d0: 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 e ...grub-mkimag\n-0001e1e0: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7261 e.... progra\n-0001e1f0: 6d2e 2020 5573 7561 6c6c 792c 2069 7420 m. 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RAID... \n-0001e940: 2020 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2063 GRUB Legacy c\n-0001e950: 6f75 6c64 2072 756e 2077 6974 6820 6f6e ould run with on\n-0001e960: 6c79 2053 7461 6765 2031 2061 6e64 2053 ly Stage 1 and S\n-0001e970: 7461 6765 2032 2069 6e20 736f 6d65 206c tage 2 in some l\n-0001e980: 696d 6974 6564 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 imited. conf\n-0001e990: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 7768 696c igurations, whil\n-0001e9a0: 6520 4752 5542 2032 2072 6571 7569 7265 e GRUB 2 require\n-0001e9b0: 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 s ...core.img...\n-0001e9c0: 2061 6e64 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 776f 726b and cannot work\n-0001e9d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6974 . without it\n-0001e9e0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7374 6167 6532 e280 990a ......stage2....\n-0001e9f0: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 3220 6861 7320 GRUB 2 has \n-0001ea00: 6e6f 2073 696e 676c 6520 5374 6167 6520 no single Stage \n-0001ea10: 3220 696d 6167 652e 2020 496e 7374 6561 2 image. Instea\n-0001ea20: 642c 2069 7420 6c6f 6164 7320 6d6f 6475 d, it loads modu\n-0001ea30: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 les from. ..\n-0001ea40: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2061 ./boot/grub... a\n-0001ea50: 7420 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 t run-time......\n-0001ea60: 7374 6167 6532 5f65 6c74 6f72 6974 6fe2 stage2_eltorito.\n-0001ea70: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 ... In GRUB \n-0001ea80: 322c 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 626f 2, images for bo\n-0001ea90: 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2043 442d 524f oting from CD-RO\n-0001eaa0: 4d20 6472 6976 6573 2061 7265 206e 6f77 M drives are now\n-0001eab0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 . constructe\n-0001eac0: 6420 7573 696e 6720 e280 9863 6462 6f6f d using ...cdboo\n-0001ead0: 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 t.img... and ...\n-0001eae0: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 206d 616b core.img..., mak\n-0001eaf0: 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 ing sure that th\n-0001eb00: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 e. core imag\n-0001eb10: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 20e2 e contains the .\n-0001eb20: 8098 6973 6f39 3636 30e2 8099 206d 6f64 ..iso9660... mod\n-0001eb30: 756c 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7573 7561 ule. It is usua\n-0001eb40: 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 lly best to. \n-0001eb50: 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 use the ...grub\n-0001eb60: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 2070 726f -mkrescue... pro\n-0001eb70: 6772 616d 2066 6f72 2074 6869 732e 0a0a gram for this...\n-0001eb80: e280 986e 6267 7275 62e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...nbgrub.... \n-0001eb90: 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 2061 7320 7965 There is as ye\n-0001eba0: 7420 6e6f 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 t no equivalent \n-0001ebb0: 666f 7220 e280 986e 6267 7275 62e2 8099 for ...nbgrub...\n-0001ebc0: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 3b20 6974 2077 in GRUB 2; it w\n-0001ebd0: 6173 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2062 7920 as used. by \n-0001ebe0: 4574 6865 7262 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 736f Etherboot and so\n-0001ebf0: 6d65 206f 7468 6572 206e 6574 776f 726b me other network\n-0001ec00: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 732e 0a0a boot loaders...\n-0001ec10: e280 9870 7865 6772 7562 e280 990a 2020 ...pxegrub.... \n-0001ec20: 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 696d In GRUB 2, im\n-0001ec30: 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2050 5845 206e 6574 ages for PXE net\n-0001ec40: 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 7265 work booting are\n-0001ec50: 206e 6f77 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 now constructed\n-0001ec60: 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9870 using. ...p\n-0001ec70: 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e xeboot.img... an\n-0001ec80: 6420 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 d ...core.img...\n-0001ec90: 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 6520 7468 , making sure th\n-0001eca0: 6174 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 at the core imag\n-0001ecb0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 e. contains \n-0001ecc0: 7468 6520 e280 9870 7865 e280 9920 616e the ...pxe... an\n-0001ecd0: 6420 e280 9870 7865 636d 64e2 8099 206d d ...pxecmd... m\n-0001ece0: 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204e odules. *Note N\n-0001ecf0: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-0001ed00: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0001ed10: 6f64 653a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 ode: Core image \n-0001ed20: 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2c size limitation,\n-0001ed30: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 Next: Filesyst\n-0001ed40: 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6d61 6765 em, Prev: Image\n-0001ed50: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3220 s, Up: Top..12 \n-0001ed60: 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 Core image size \n-0001ed70: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a limitation.*****\n+0001d1e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 *************..S\n+0001d1f0: 6f6d 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 2076 656e 646f ome laptop vendo\n+0001d200: 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 2061 6e20 6164 rs provide an ad\n+0001d210: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f ditional power-o\n+0001d220: 6e20 6275 7474 6f6e 2077 6869 6368 2062 n button which b\n+0001d230: 6f6f 7473 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 204f 532e oots.another OS.\n+0001d240: 2047 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2073 GRUB supports s\n+0001d250: 7563 6820 6275 7474 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 uch buttons with\n+0001d260: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d the ...GRUB_TIM\n+0001d270: 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c0a EOUT_BUTTON...,.\n+0001d280: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f ...GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n+0001d290: 5354 594c 455f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c STYLE_BUTTON...,\n+0001d2a0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 ...GRUB_DEFAULT\n+0001d2b0: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 616e 640a _BUTTON..., and.\n+0001d2c0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e 5f43 ...GRUB_BUTTON_C\n+0001d2d0: 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 53e2 8099 2076 MOS_ADDRESS... v\n+0001d2e0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 6465 6661 ariables in defa\n+0001d2f0: 756c 742f 6772 7562 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ult/grub (*note \n+0001d300: 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple.configura\n+0001d310: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 e280 9847 5255 tion::). ...GRU\n+0001d320: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e B_TIMEOUT_BUTTON\n+0001d330: e280 992c 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d ..., ...GRUB_TIM\n+0001d340: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f EOUT_STYLE_BUTTO\n+0001d350: 4ee2 8099 2c0a 616e 6420 e280 9847 5255 N...,.and ...GRU\n+0001d360: 425f 4445 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e B_DEFAULT_BUTTON\n+0001d370: e280 9920 6172 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e73 ... are used ins\n+0001d380: 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7272 tead of the corr\n+0001d390: 6573 706f 6e64 696e 670a 7661 7269 6162 esponding.variab\n+0001d3a0: 6c65 7320 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 les without the \n+0001d3b0: e280 985f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 9920 7375 ..._BUTTON... su\n+0001d3c0: 6666 6978 2077 6865 6e20 706f 7765 7265 ffix when powere\n+0001d3d0: 6420 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2073 d on using the s\n+0001d3e0: 7065 6369 616c 0a62 7574 746f 6e2e 2020 pecial.button. \n+0001d3f0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e 5f43 ...GRUB_BUTTON_C\n+0001d400: 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 53e2 8099 2069 MOS_ADDRESS... i\n+0001d410: 7320 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 s vendor-specifi\n+0001d420: 6320 616e 6420 7061 7274 6961 6c6c 790a c and partially.\n+0001d430: 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 model-specific. \n+0001d440: 2056 616c 7565 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f Values known to\n+0001d450: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2061 the GRUB team a\n+0001d460: 7265 3a0a 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d re:... 121:\n+0001d480: 330a 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 5320 4d31 3533 3.. 85:3.. 85:3.\n+0001d4d0: 0a20 2020 2020 3834 3a31 2028 756e 636f . 84:1 (unco\n+0001d4e0: 6e66 6972 6d65 6429 0a3c 4c45 4e4f 564f nfirmed).. \n+0001d510: 3130 313a 330a 0a20 2020 546f 2074 616b 101:3.. To tak\n+0001d520: 6520 6675 6c6c 2061 6476 616e 7461 6765 e full advantage\n+0001d530: 206f 6620 7468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f of this functio\n+0001d540: 6e2c 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 n, install GRUB \n+0001d550: 696e 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 0a28 2a6e into the MBR.(*n\n+0001d560: 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 ote Installing G\n+0001d570: 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 RUB using grub-i\n+0001d580: 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2049 nstall::)... I\n+0001d590: 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 206c 6170 f you have a lap\n+0001d5a0: 746f 7020 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6120 top which has a \n+0001d5b0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6665 6174 7572 6520 similar feature \n+0001d5c0: 616e 6420 6e6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2061 and not in the a\n+0001d5d0: 626f 7665 0a6c 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 bove.list could \n+0001d5e0: 796f 7520 6669 6775 7265 2079 6f75 7220 you figure your \n+0001d5f0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 636f 6e74 address and cont\n+0001d600: 7269 6275 7465 3f20 2054 6f20 6469 7363 ribute? To disc\n+0001d610: 6f76 6572 2074 6865 0a61 6464 7265 7373 over the.address\n+0001d620: 2064 6f20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e do the followin\n+0001d630: 673a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 206e g:. ... boot n\n+0001d640: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 2020 ormally. ... \n+0001d650: 2020 2020 7375 646f 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 sudo modprob\n+0001d660: 6520 6e76 7261 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e nvram. \n+0001d670: 2020 7375 646f 2063 6174 202f 6465 762f sudo cat /dev/\n+0001d680: 6e76 7261 6d20 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f nvram | xxd > no\n+0001d690: 726d 616c 5f62 7574 746f 6e2e 7478 740a rmal_button.txt.\n+0001d6a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 7420 7573 696e ... boot usin\n+0001d6b0: 6720 7665 6e64 6f72 2062 7574 746f 6e0a g vendor button.\n+0001d6c0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f ... sudo\n+0001d6d0: 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 6e76 7261 6d0a modprobe nvram.\n+0001d6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f 2063 sudo c\n+0001d6f0: 6174 202f 6465 762f 6e76 7261 6d20 7c20 at /dev/nvram | \n+0001d700: 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f76 656e xxd > normal_ven\n+0001d710: 646f 722e 7478 740a 0a20 2020 5468 656e dor.txt.. Then\n+0001d720: 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 6865 7365 2074 compare these t\n+0001d730: 6578 7420 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6669 ext files and fi\n+0001d740: 6e64 2077 6865 7265 2061 2062 6974 2077 nd where a bit w\n+0001d750: 6173 2074 6f67 676c 6564 2e20 2045 2e67 as toggled. E.g\n+0001d760: 2e0a 696e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2044 656c ..in case of Del\n+0001d770: 6c20 5850 5320 6974 2077 6173 3a0a 2020 l XPS it was:. \n+0001d780: 2020 2062 7974 6520 3078 3437 3a20 3230 byte 0x47: 20\n+0001d790: 202d 2d3e 2032 380a 2020 2049 7427 7320 --> 28. It's \n+0001d7a0: 6120 6269 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 2033 2061 a bit number 3 a\n+0001d7b0: 7320 7365 656e 2066 726f 6d20 666f 6c6c s seen from foll\n+0001d7c0: 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c 653a 0a30 2020 owing table:.0 \n+0001d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3031 0a31 01.1\n+0001d7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3032 02\n+0001d7f0: 0a32 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .2 \n+0001d800: 3034 0a33 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 04.3 \n+0001d810: 2020 3038 0a34 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 08.4 \n+0001d820: 2020 2020 3130 0a35 2020 2020 2020 2020 10.5 \n+0001d830: 2020 2020 2020 3230 0a36 2020 2020 2020 20.6 \n+0001d840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3430 0a37 2020 2020 40.7 \n+0001d850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3830 0a0a 2020 80.. \n+0001d860: 2030 7834 3720 6973 2064 6563 696d 616c 0x47 is decimal\n+0001d870: 2037 312e 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 6e76 7261 71. Linux nvra\n+0001d880: 6d20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e m implementation\n+0001d890: 2063 7574 7320 6669 7273 7420 3134 2062 cuts first 14 b\n+0001d8a0: 7974 6573 0a6f 6620 434d 4f53 2e20 536f ytes.of CMOS. So\n+0001d8b0: 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c20 6279 7465 2061 the real byte a\n+0001d8c0: 6464 7265 7373 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 2069 ddress in CMOS i\n+0001d8d0: 7320 3731 2b31 343d 3835 2053 6f20 636f s 71+14=85 So co\n+0001d8e0: 6d70 6c65 7465 0a61 6464 7265 7373 2069 mplete.address i\n+0001d8f0: 7320 3835 3a33 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 s 85:3....File: \n+0001d900: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0001d910: 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a : Images, Next:\n+0001d920: 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 Core image size\n+0001d930: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 limitation, Pr\n+0001d940: 6576 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 ev: Vendor power\n+0001d950: 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 2055 703a 2054 -on keys, Up: T\n+0001d960: 6f70 0a0a 3131 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 op..11 GRUB imag\n+0001d970: 6520 6669 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a e files.********\n+0001d980: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 ***********..GRU\n+0001d990: 4220 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 7365 B consists of se\n+0001d9a0: 7665 7261 6c20 696d 6167 6573 3a20 6120 veral images: a \n+0001d9b0: 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2062 6f6f 7473 variety of boots\n+0001d9c0: 7472 6170 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 720a trap images for.\n+0001d9d0: 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 696e starting GRUB in\n+0001d9e0: 2076 6172 696f 7573 2077 6179 732c 2061 various ways, a\n+0001d9f0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652c 2061 kernel image, a\n+0001da00: 6e64 2061 2073 6574 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 nd a set of modu\n+0001da10: 6c65 730a 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 636f les.which are co\n+0001da20: 6d62 696e 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 mbined with the \n+0001da30: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 kernel image to \n+0001da40: 666f 726d 2061 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 form a core imag\n+0001da50: 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 730a 6120 7368 e. Here is.a sh\n+0001da60: 6f72 7420 6f76 6572 7669 6577 206f 6620 ort overview of \n+0001da70: 7468 656d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 them......boot.i\n+0001da80: 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 5043 mg.... On PC\n+0001da90: 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c 2074 BIOS systems, t\n+0001daa0: 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2074 6865 his image is the\n+0001dab0: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2047 first part of G\n+0001dac0: 5255 4220 746f 2073 7461 7274 2e0a 2020 RUB to start.. \n+0001dad0: 2020 2049 7420 6973 2077 7269 7474 656e It is written\n+0001dae0: 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 7374 6572 2062 6f6f to a master boo\n+0001daf0: 7420 7265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 206f t record (MBR) o\n+0001db00: 7220 746f 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 r to the boot se\n+0001db10: 6374 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2061 2070 ctor. of a p\n+0001db20: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 6563 6175 artition. Becau\n+0001db30: 7365 2061 2050 4320 626f 6f74 2073 6563 se a PC boot sec\n+0001db40: 746f 7220 6973 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 tor is 512 bytes\n+0001db50: 2c20 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f 660a 2020 , the size of. \n+0001db60: 2020 2074 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 this image is\n+0001db70: 2065 7861 6374 6c79 2035 3132 2062 7974 exactly 512 byt\n+0001db80: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 736f es... The so\n+0001db90: 6c65 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 le function of .\n+0001dba0: 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6973 ..boot.img... is\n+0001dbb0: 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2074 6865 2066 6972 to read the fir\n+0001dbc0: 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 st sector of the\n+0001dbd0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 . core image\n+0001dbe0: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6c6f 6361 6c20 6469 from a local di\n+0001dbf0: 736b 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7020 746f 2069 sk and jump to i\n+0001dc00: 742e 2020 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 2074 t. Because of t\n+0001dc10: 6865 2073 697a 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 he size. res\n+0001dc20: 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2c20 e280 9862 6f6f triction, ...boo\n+0001dc30: 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 t.img... cannot \n+0001dc40: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2061 6e79 2066 understand any f\n+0001dc50: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 ile system. \n+0001dc60: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652c 2073 6f20 e280 structure, so ..\n+0001dc70: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 .grub-install...\n+0001dc80: 2068 6172 6463 6f64 6573 2074 6865 206c hardcodes the l\n+0001dc90: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 ocation of the f\n+0001dca0: 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6374 6f72 irst. sector\n+0001dcb0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 of the core ima\n+0001dcc0: 6765 2069 6e74 6f20 e280 9862 6f6f 742e ge into ...boot.\n+0001dcd0: 696d 67e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 img... when inst\n+0001dce0: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 422e 0a0a e280 alling GRUB.....\n+0001dcf0: 9864 6973 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 .diskboot.img...\n+0001dd00: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 . This image\n+0001dd10: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 is used as the \n+0001dd20: 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 first sector of \n+0001dd30: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 the core image w\n+0001dd40: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 hen. booting\n+0001dd50: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 from a hard dis\n+0001dd60: 6b2e 2020 4974 2072 6561 6473 2074 6865 k. It reads the\n+0001dd70: 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 rest of the cor\n+0001dd80: 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e 746f 0a20 2020 e image into. \n+0001dd90: 2020 6d65 6d6f 7279 2061 6e64 2073 7461 memory and sta\n+0001dda0: 7274 7320 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 rts the kernel. \n+0001ddb0: 2053 696e 6365 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 Since file syst\n+0001ddc0: 656d 2068 616e 646c 696e 6720 6973 206e em handling is n\n+0001ddd0: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7965 7420 6176 6169 ot. yet avai\n+0001dde0: 6c61 626c 652c 2069 7420 656e 636f 6465 lable, it encode\n+0001ddf0: 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f s the location o\n+0001de00: 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 f the core image\n+0001de10: 2075 7369 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626c using a. bl\n+0001de20: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2066 6f72 6d61 742e ock list format.\n+0001de30: 0a0a e280 9863 6462 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 .....cdboot.img.\n+0001de40: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 ... This ima\n+0001de50: 6765 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 ge is used as th\n+0001de60: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f e first sector o\n+0001de70: 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 f the core image\n+0001de80: 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 when. booti\n+0001de90: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d ng from a CD-ROM\n+0001dea0: 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2049 7420 7065 7266 drive. It perf\n+0001deb0: 6f72 6d73 2061 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 orms a similar f\n+0001dec0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 unction to. \n+0001ded0: e280 9864 6973 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 ...diskboot.img.\n+0001dee0: 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7078 6562 6f6f 742e ........pxeboot.\n+0001def0: 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 img.... This\n+0001df00: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 image is used a\n+0001df10: 7320 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 s the start of t\n+0001df20: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 he core image wh\n+0001df30: 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d0a en booting from.\n+0001df40: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b the network\n+0001df50: 2075 7369 6e67 2050 5845 2e20 2a4e 6f74 using PXE. *Not\n+0001df60: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a e280 e Network::.....\n+0001df70: 986c 6e78 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a .lnxboot.img....\n+0001df80: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 This image \n+0001df90: 6d61 7920 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6174 may be placed at\n+0001dfa0: 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 the start of th\n+0001dfb0: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 e core image in \n+0001dfc0: 6f72 6465 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 order to. ma\n+0001dfd0: 6b65 2047 5255 4220 6c6f 6f6b 2065 6e6f ke GRUB look eno\n+0001dfe0: 7567 6820 6c69 6b65 2061 204c 696e 7578 ugh like a Linux\n+0001dff0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7468 6174 2069 7420 kernel that it \n+0001e000: 6361 6e20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 6279 can be booted by\n+0001e010: 0a20 2020 2020 4c49 4c4f 2075 7369 6e67 . LILO using\n+0001e020: 2061 6e20 e280 9869 6d61 6765 3de2 8099 an ...image=...\n+0001e030: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6b65 section......ke\n+0001e040: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 rnel.img.... \n+0001e050: 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 636f 6e74 This image cont\n+0001e060: 6169 6e73 2047 5255 4227 7320 6261 7369 ains GRUB's basi\n+0001e070: 6320 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2066 6163 696c c run-time facil\n+0001e080: 6974 6965 733a 2066 7261 6d65 776f 726b ities: framework\n+0001e090: 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2064 6576 6963 s. for devic\n+0001e0a0: 6520 616e 6420 6669 6c65 2068 616e 646c e and file handl\n+0001e0b0: 696e 672c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ing, environment\n+0001e0c0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 7468 6520 variables, the \n+0001e0d0: 7265 7363 7565 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 rescue. mode\n+0001e0e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 7061 command-line pa\n+0001e0f0: 7273 6572 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e rser, and so on.\n+0001e100: 2020 4974 2069 7320 7261 7265 6c79 2075 It is rarely u\n+0001e110: 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c0a 2020 sed directly,. \n+0001e120: 2020 2062 7574 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 but is built \n+0001e130: 696e 746f 2061 6c6c 2063 6f72 6520 696d into all core im\n+0001e140: 6167 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 ages......core.i\n+0001e150: 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 mg.... This \n+0001e160: 6973 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 is the core imag\n+0001e170: 6520 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2049 7420 6973 e of GRUB. It is\n+0001e180: 2062 7569 6c74 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c built dynamical\n+0001e190: 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ly from the. \n+0001e1a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 616e kernel image an\n+0001e1b0: 6420 616e 2061 7262 6974 7261 7279 206c d an arbitrary l\n+0001e1c0: 6973 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2062 ist of modules b\n+0001e1d0: 7920 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b y the ...grub-mk\n+0001e1e0: 696d 6167 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7072 image.... pr\n+0001e1f0: 6f67 7261 6d2e 2020 5573 7561 6c6c 792c ogram. Usually,\n+0001e200: 2069 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2065 6e6f it contains eno\n+0001e210: 7567 6820 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 746f 2061 ugh modules to a\n+0001e220: 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 ccess. .../b\n+0001e230: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992c 2061 6e64 oot/grub..., and\n+0001e240: 206c 6f61 6473 2065 7665 7279 7468 696e loads everythin\n+0001e250: 6720 656c 7365 2028 696e 636c 7564 696e g else (includin\n+0001e260: 6720 6d65 6e75 2068 616e 646c 696e 672c g menu handling,\n+0001e270: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 . the abilit\n+0001e280: 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 7461 7267 6574 y to load target\n+0001e290: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+0001e2a0: 6d73 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e29 2066 ms, and so on) f\n+0001e2b0: 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c rom the. fil\n+0001e2c0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2061 7420 7275 6e2d e system at run-\n+0001e2d0: 7469 6d65 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6f64 756c time. The modul\n+0001e2e0: 6172 2064 6573 6967 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 ar design allows\n+0001e2f0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 650a the core image.\n+0001e300: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6265 206b 6570 7420 to be kept \n+0001e310: 736d 616c 6c2c 2073 696e 6365 2074 6865 small, since the\n+0001e320: 2061 7265 6173 206f 6620 6469 736b 2077 areas of disk w\n+0001e330: 6865 7265 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a here it must be.\n+0001e340: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 installed a\n+0001e350: 7265 206f 6674 656e 2061 7320 736d 616c re often as smal\n+0001e360: 6c20 6173 2033 324b 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 l as 32KB... \n+0001e370: 202a 4e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 *Note BIOS inst\n+0001e380: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 allation::, for \n+0001e390: 6465 7461 696c 7320 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 details on where\n+0001e3a0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n+0001e3b0: 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6520 696e 7374 can. be inst\n+0001e3c0: 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 7379 7374 alled on PC syst\n+0001e3d0: 656d 732e 0a0a e280 982a 2e6d 6f64 e280 ems......*.mod..\n+0001e3e0: 990a 2020 2020 2045 7665 7279 7468 696e .. Everythin\n+0001e3f0: 6720 656c 7365 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2072 g else in GRUB r\n+0001e400: 6573 6964 6573 2069 6e20 6479 6e61 6d69 esides in dynami\n+0001e410: 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d cally loadable m\n+0001e420: 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 odules.. The\n+0001e430: 7365 2061 7265 206f 6674 656e 206c 6f61 se are often loa\n+0001e440: 6465 6420 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c ded automaticall\n+0001e450: 792c 206f 7220 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f y, or built into\n+0001e460: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 650a the core image.\n+0001e470: 2020 2020 2069 6620 7468 6579 2061 7265 if they are\n+0001e480: 2065 7373 656e 7469 616c 2c20 6275 7420 essential, but \n+0001e490: 6d61 7920 616c 736f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 may also be load\n+0001e4a0: 6564 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 7573 696e ed manually usin\n+0001e4b0: 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 696e g the. ...in\n+0001e4c0: 736d 6f64 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 smod... command \n+0001e4d0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 (*note insmod::)\n+0001e4e0: 2e0a 0a46 6f72 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 ...For GRUB Lega\n+0001e4f0: 6379 2075 7365 7273 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d cy users.=======\n+0001e500: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+0001e510: 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 2061 2064 6966 GRUB 2 has a dif\n+0001e520: 6665 7265 6e74 2064 6573 6967 6e20 6672 ferent design fr\n+0001e530: 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 om GRUB Legacy, \n+0001e540: 616e 6420 736f 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e and so correspon\n+0001e550: 6465 6e63 6573 0a77 6974 6820 7468 6520 dences.with the \n+0001e560: 696d 6167 6573 2069 7420 7573 6564 2063 images it used c\n+0001e570: 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 2065 7861 6374 2e20 annot be exact. \n+0001e580: 204e 6576 6572 7468 656c 6573 732c 2047 Nevertheless, G\n+0001e590: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 0a75 7365 7273 RUB Legacy.users\n+0001e5a0: 206f 6674 656e 2061 736b 2071 7565 7374 often ask quest\n+0001e5b0: 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7465 726d ions in the term\n+0001e5c0: 7320 7468 6579 2061 7265 2066 616d 696c s they are famil\n+0001e5d0: 6961 7220 7769 7468 2c20 616e 6420 736f iar with, and so\n+0001e5e0: 0a68 6572 6520 6973 2061 2062 7269 6566 .here is a brief\n+0001e5f0: 2067 7569 6465 2074 6f20 686f 7720 4752 guide to how GR\n+0001e600: 5542 2032 2773 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7265 UB 2's images re\n+0001e610: 6c61 7465 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2e0a 0ae2 late to that....\n+0001e620: 8098 7374 6167 6531 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..stage1.... \n+0001e630: 2053 7461 6765 2031 2066 726f 6d20 4752 Stage 1 from GR\n+0001e640: 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 7761 7320 7665 UB Legacy was ve\n+0001e650: 7279 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 ry similar to ..\n+0001e660: 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 .boot.img... in \n+0001e670: 4752 5542 2032 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 GRUB 2,. and\n+0001e680: 2074 6865 7920 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 they serve the \n+0001e690: 7361 6d65 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a same function...\n+0001e6a0: e280 982a 5f73 7461 6765 315f 35e2 8099 ...*_stage1_5...\n+0001e6b0: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 4c65 . In GRUB Le\n+0001e6c0: 6761 6379 2c20 5374 6167 6520 312e 3527 gacy, Stage 1.5'\n+0001e6d0: 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2074 s function was t\n+0001e6e0: 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 656e 6f75 6768 o include enough\n+0001e6f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d . filesystem\n+0001e700: 2063 6f64 6520 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 code to allow t\n+0001e710: 6865 206d 7563 6820 6c61 7267 6572 2053 he much larger S\n+0001e720: 7461 6765 2032 2074 6f20 6265 2072 6561 tage 2 to be rea\n+0001e730: 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 206f d from an. o\n+0001e740: 7264 696e 6172 7920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 rdinary filesyst\n+0001e750: 656d 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2072 6573 em. In this res\n+0001e760: 7065 6374 2c20 6974 7320 6675 6e63 7469 pect, its functi\n+0001e770: 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 on was similar t\n+0001e780: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 o. ...core.i\n+0001e790: 6d67 e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 4220 322e mg... in GRUB 2.\n+0001e7a0: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 20e2 8098 636f However, ...co\n+0001e7b0: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6973 206d 7563 re.img... is muc\n+0001e7c0: 6820 6d6f 7265 2063 6170 6162 6c65 0a20 h more capable. \n+0001e7d0: 2020 2020 7468 616e 2053 7461 6765 2031 than Stage 1\n+0001e7e0: 2e35 2077 6173 3b20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 .5 was; since it\n+0001e7f0: 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 offers a rescue\n+0001e800: 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 6974 2069 7320 736f shell, it is so\n+0001e810: 6d65 7469 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 metimes. pos\n+0001e820: 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 6563 6f76 6572 sible to recover\n+0001e830: 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 696e 2074 6865 manually in the\n+0001e840: 2065 7665 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 event that it i\n+0001e850: 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 s unable to load\n+0001e860: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 . any other \n+0001e870: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 modules, for exa\n+0001e880: 6d70 6c65 2069 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f mple if partitio\n+0001e890: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6861 7665 2063 n numbers have c\n+0001e8a0: 6861 6e67 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 hanged.. ...\n+0001e8b0: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6973 2062 core.img... is b\n+0001e8c0: 7569 6c74 2069 6e20 6120 6d6f 7265 2066 uilt in a more f\n+0001e8d0: 6c65 7869 626c 6520 7761 792c 2061 6c6c lexible way, all\n+0001e8e0: 6f77 696e 6720 4752 5542 2032 2074 6f0a owing GRUB 2 to.\n+0001e8f0: 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2072 6561 support rea\n+0001e900: 6469 6e67 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 726f ding modules fro\n+0001e910: 6d20 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2064 6973 6b20 m advanced disk \n+0001e920: 7479 7065 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 4c56 types such as LV\n+0001e930: 4d20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2052 4149 442e M and. RAID.\n+0001e940: 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 .. GRUB Lega\n+0001e950: 6379 2063 6f75 6c64 2072 756e 2077 6974 cy could run wit\n+0001e960: 6820 6f6e 6c79 2053 7461 6765 2031 2061 h only Stage 1 a\n+0001e970: 6e64 2053 7461 6765 2032 2069 6e20 736f nd Stage 2 in so\n+0001e980: 6d65 206c 696d 6974 6564 0a20 2020 2020 me limited. \n+0001e990: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 configurations, \n+0001e9a0: 7768 696c 6520 4752 5542 2032 2072 6571 while GRUB 2 req\n+0001e9b0: 7569 7265 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d uires ...core.im\n+0001e9c0: 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 g... and cannot \n+0001e9d0: 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 6f75 work. withou\n+0001e9e0: 7420 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7374 6167 6532 t it......stage2\n+0001e9f0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 3220 .... GRUB 2 \n+0001ea00: 6861 7320 6e6f 2073 696e 676c 6520 5374 has no single St\n+0001ea10: 6167 6520 3220 696d 6167 652e 2020 496e age 2 image. In\n+0001ea20: 7374 6561 642c 2069 7420 6c6f 6164 7320 stead, it loads \n+0001ea30: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 modules from. \n+0001ea40: 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 .../boot/grub.\n+0001ea50: 8099 2061 7420 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2e0a .. at run-time..\n+0001ea60: 0ae2 8098 7374 6167 6532 5f65 6c74 6f72 ....stage2_eltor\n+0001ea70: 6974 6fe2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 ito.... In G\n+0001ea80: 5255 4220 322c 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f RUB 2, images fo\n+0001ea90: 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2043 r booting from C\n+0001eaa0: 442d 524f 4d20 6472 6976 6573 2061 7265 D-ROM drives are\n+0001eab0: 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 now. constr\n+0001eac0: 7563 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 e280 9863 ucted using ...c\n+0001ead0: 6462 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 dboot.img... and\n+0001eae0: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c ...core.img...,\n+0001eaf0: 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 6861 making sure tha\n+0001eb00: 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6520 t the. core \n+0001eb10: 696d 6167 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 image contains t\n+0001eb20: 6865 20e2 8098 6973 6f39 3636 30e2 8099 he ...iso9660...\n+0001eb30: 206d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 module. It is \n+0001eb40: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f0a usually best to.\n+0001eb50: 2020 2020 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 use the ...\n+0001eb60: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 grub-mkrescue...\n+0001eb70: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2066 6f72 2074 6869 program for thi\n+0001eb80: 732e 0a0a e280 986e 6267 7275 62e2 8099 s......nbgrub...\n+0001eb90: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 2061 . There is a\n+0001eba0: 7320 7965 7420 6e6f 2065 7175 6976 616c s yet no equival\n+0001ebb0: 656e 7420 666f 7220 e280 986e 6267 7275 ent for ...nbgru\n+0001ebc0: 62e2 8099 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 3b20 b... in GRUB 2; \n+0001ebd0: 6974 2077 6173 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 it was used. \n+0001ebe0: 2062 7920 4574 6865 7262 6f6f 7420 616e by Etherboot an\n+0001ebf0: 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 206e 6574 d some other net\n+0001ec00: 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 work boot loader\n+0001ec10: 732e 0a0a e280 9870 7865 6772 7562 e280 s......pxegrub..\n+0001ec20: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 .. In GRUB 2\n+0001ec30: 2c20 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2050 5845 , images for PXE\n+0001ec40: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 network booting\n+0001ec50: 2061 7265 206e 6f77 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 are now constru\n+0001ec60: 6374 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 cted using. \n+0001ec70: e280 9870 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ...pxeboot.img..\n+0001ec80: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d . and ...core.im\n+0001ec90: 67e2 8099 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 g..., making sur\n+0001eca0: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 e that the core \n+0001ecb0: 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 image. conta\n+0001ecc0: 696e 7320 7468 6520 e280 9870 7865 e280 ins the ...pxe..\n+0001ecd0: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9870 7865 636d 64e2 . and ...pxecmd.\n+0001ece0: 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f .. modules. *No\n+0001ecf0: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n+0001ed00: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0001ed10: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f72 6520 696d , Node: Core im\n+0001ed20: 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 age size limitat\n+0001ed30: 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 ion, Next: File\n+0001ed40: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 system, Prev: I\n+0001ed50: 6d61 6765 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a mages, Up: Top.\n+0001ed60: 0a31 3220 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 .12 Core image s\n+0001ed70: 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 0a2a ize limitation.*\n 0001ed80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001ed90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4865 6176 696c ********..Heavil\n-0001eda0: 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 706c 6174 666f y limited platfo\n-0001edb0: 726d 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 rms:. ... i386\n-0001edc0: 2d70 6320 286e 6f72 6d61 6c20 616e 6420 -pc (normal and \n-0001edd0: 5058 4529 3a20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 PXE): the core i\n-0001ede0: 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 2863 6f6d 7072 mage size (compr\n-0001edf0: 6573 7365 6429 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c essed) is. l\n-0001ee00: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3435 3832 3430 imited by 458240\n-0001ee10: 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e bytes. kernel.\n-0001ee20: 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 img (.text + .da\n-0001ee30: 7461 202b 202e 6273 732c 0a20 2020 2020 ta + .bss,. \n-0001ee40: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 uncompressed) is\n-0001ee50: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 3237 limited by 3927\n-0001ee60: 3034 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206d 6f64 756c 04 bytes. modul\n-0001ee70: 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 2875 6e63 e size. 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On most \n-0001ef90: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 206a platforms it's j\n-0001efa0: 7573 7420 3320 6f72 2034 4d20 7369 6e63 ust 3 or 4M sinc\n-0001efb0: 6520 6965 6565 3132 3735 206d 6170 7320 e ieee1275 maps \n-0001efc0: 6f6e 6c79 2073 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 7563 only so. muc\n-0001efd0: 682e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d69 h.. ... i386-i\n-0001efe0: 6565 6531 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e eee1275: kernel.\n-0001eff0: 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 img (.text + .da\n-0001f000: 7461 202b 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 ta + .bss) + mod\n-0001f010: 756c 6573 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d ules is. lim\n-0001f020: 6974 6564 2062 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2061 ited by memory a\n-0001f030: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 3078 3130 vailable at 0x10\n-0001f040: 3030 302c 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2035 3936 000, at most 596\n-0001f050: 4b0a 0a20 2020 4c69 6768 746c 7920 6c69 K.. Lightly li\n-0001f060: 6d69 7465 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d 733a mited platforms:\n-0001f070: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 202a 2d78 656e 3a20 .. ... *-xen: \n-0001f080: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2062 7920 limited only by \n-0001f090: 6164 7265 7373 2073 7061 6365 2061 6e64 adress space and\n-0001f0a0: 2052 414d 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 e280 RAM size.. ..\n-0001f0b0: a220 6933 3836 2d71 656d 753a 206b 6572 . i386-qemu: ker\n-0001f0c0: 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b nel.img (.text +\n-0001f0d0: 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 7329 2069 .data + .bss) i\n-0001f0e0: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2033 3932 s limited by 392\n-0001f0f0: 3730 340a 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2e20 704. bytes. \n-0001f100: 2028 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2077 6f75 6c64 (core.img would\n-0001f110: 2062 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2052 be limited by R\n-0001f120: 4f4d 2073 697a 6520 6275 7420 6974 2773 OM size but it's\n-0001f130: 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 6564 0a20 2020 2020 unlimited. \n-0001f140: 6f6e 2071 656d 750a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 on qemu. ... A\n-0001f150: 6c6c 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 ll EFI platforms\n-0001f160: 3a20 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2063 6f6e : limited by con\n-0001f170: 7469 6775 6f75 7320 5241 4d20 7369 7a65 tiguous RAM size\n-0001f180: 2061 6e64 2070 6f73 7369 626c 790a 2020 and possibly. \n-0001f190: 2020 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6275 6773 firmware bugs\n-0001f1a0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 436f 7265 626f 6f74 . ... 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(de\n-0001f650: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 202b 2073 6372 compressor + scr\n-0001f660: 6174 6368 2073 7061 6365 2920 6973 206c atch space) is l\n-0001f670: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 imited by the sp\n-0001f680: 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 3862 ace from. 8b\n-0001f690: 6430 3030 3030 2062 6163 6b77 6172 640a d00000 backward.\n-0001f6a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2070 6f77 6572 7063 2d69 ... powerpc-i\n-0001f6b0: 6565 6531 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e eee1275: kernel.\n-0001f6c0: 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 img (.text + .da\n-0001f6d0: 7461 202b 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 ta + .bss) + mod\n-0001f6e0: 756c 6573 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d ules is. lim\n-0001f6f0: 6974 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6520 6176 ited by space av\n-0001f700: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 7832 3030 ailable at 0x200\n-0001f710: 3030 300a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 000....File: gru\n-0001f720: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 b.info, Node: F\n-0001f730: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 ilesystem, Next\n-0001f740: 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5072 : Interface, Pr\n-0001f750: 6576 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 ev: Core image s\n-0001f760: 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 ize limitation, \n-0001f770: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3133 2046 696c Up: Top..13 Fil\n-0001f780: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7379 6e74 6178 2061 esystem syntax a\n-0001f790: 6e64 2073 656d 616e 7469 6373 0a2a 2a2a nd semantics.***\n-0001f7a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001f7b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-0001f7c0: 0a47 5255 4220 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 .GRUB uses a spe\n-0001f7d0: 6369 616c 2073 796e 7461 7820 666f 7220 cial syntax for \n-0001f7e0: 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2064 6973 6b20 specifying disk \n-0001f7f0: 6472 6976 6573 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e drives which can\n-0001f800: 2062 650a 6163 6365 7373 6564 2062 7920 be.accessed by \n-0001f810: 4249 4f53 2e20 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 BIOS. Because of\n-0001f820: 2042 494f 5320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e BIOS limitation\n-0001f830: 732c 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2064 s, GRUB cannot d\n-0001f840: 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 0a62 6574 7765 istinguish.betwe\n-0001f850: 656e 2049 4445 2c20 4553 4449 2c20 5343 en IDE, ESDI, SC\n-0001f860: 5349 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 732e 2020 SI, or others. \n-0001f870: 596f 7520 6d75 7374 206b 6e6f 7720 796f You must know yo\n-0001f880: 7572 7365 6c66 2077 6869 6368 2042 494f urself which BIO\n-0001f890: 530a 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 6571 7569 S.device is equi\n-0001f8a0: 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 7768 6963 6820 valent to which \n-0001f8b0: 4f53 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4e6f 726d OS device. Norm\n-0001f8c0: 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 ally, that will \n-0001f8d0: 6265 2063 6c65 6172 0a69 6620 796f 7520 be clear.if you \n-0001f8e0: 7365 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 696e see the files in\n-0001f8f0: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6f72 2075 7365 a device or use\n-0001f900: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 the command ...\n-0001f910: 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 search... (*note\n-0001f920: 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a2a 204d .search::)...* M\n-0001f930: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4465 7669 6365 2073 enu:..* Device s\n-0001f940: 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 yntax:: \n-0001f950: 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 How to spe\n-0001f960: 6369 6679 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a2a 2046 cify devices.* F\n-0001f970: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a ile name syntax:\n-0001f980: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 : How\n-0001f990: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6669 6c65 to specify file\n-0001f9a0: 730a 2a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 s.* Block list s\n-0001f9b0: 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 yntax:: \n-0001f9c0: 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 How to specify\n-0001f9d0: 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7473 0a0a 1f0a block lists....\n-0001f9e0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0001f9f0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 2073 Node: Device s\n-0001fa00: 796e 7461 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 yntax, Next: Fi\n-0001fa10: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 le name syntax, \n-0001fa20: 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a Up: Filesystem.\n-0001fa30: 0a31 332e 3120 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 .13.1 How to spe\n-0001fa40: 6369 6679 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a3d 3d3d cify devices.===\n-0001fa50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001fa60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 6465 ========..The de\n-0001fa70: 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 206c vice syntax is l\n-0001fa80: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n-0001fa90: 2844 4556 4943 455b 2c50 4152 544d 4150 (DEVICE[,PARTMAP\n-0001faa0: 2d4e 414d 4531 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 315b -NAME1PART-NUM1[\n-0001fab0: 2c50 4152 544d 4150 2d4e 414d 4532 5041 ,PARTMAP-NAME2PA\n-0001fac0: 5254 2d4e 554d 325b 2c2e 2e2e 5d5d 5d29 RT-NUM2[,...]]])\n-0001fad0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 5b5d e280 9920 6d65 .. ...[]... me\n-0001fae0: 616e 7320 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 ans the paramete\n-0001faf0: 7220 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c2e 2020 r is optional. \n-0001fb00: 4445 5649 4345 2064 6570 656e 6473 206f DEVICE depends o\n-0001fb10: 6e20 7468 6520 6469 736b 0a64 7269 7665 n the disk.drive\n-0001fb20: 7220 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2042 494f 5320 r in use. BIOS \n-0001fb30: 616e 6420 4546 4920 6469 736b 7320 7573 and EFI disks us\n-0001fb40: 6520 6569 7468 6572 20e2 8098 6664 e280 e either ...fd..\n-0001fb50: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6864 e280 9920 666f . or ...hd... fo\n-0001fb60: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 610a 6469 6769 llowed by a.digi\n-0001fb70: 742c 206c 696b 6520 e280 9866 6430 e280 t, like ...fd0..\n-0001fb80: 992c 206f 7220 e280 9863 64e2 8099 2e20 ., or ...cd.... \n-0001fb90: 2041 4843 492c 2050 4154 4120 2861 7461 AHCI, PATA (ata\n-0001fba0: 292c 2063 7279 7074 6f2c 2055 5342 2075 ), crypto, USB u\n-0001fbb0: 7365 2074 6865 206e 616d 650a 6f66 2064 se the name.of d\n-0001fbc0: 7269 7665 7220 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 river followed b\n-0001fbd0: 7920 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2e20 204d 656d y a number. Mem\n-0001fbe0: 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2068 6f73 7420 6172 disk and host ar\n-0001fbf0: 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 206f 6e65 e limited to one\n-0001fc00: 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 736f 2069 7427 .disk and so it'\n-0001fc10: 7320 7265 6665 7265 6420 6a75 7374 2062 s refered just b\n-0001fc20: 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 652e 2020 y driver name. \n-0001fc30: 5241 4944 2028 6d64 292c 206f 6664 6973 RAID (md), ofdis\n-0001fc40: 6b0a 2869 6565 6531 3237 3520 616e 6420 k.(ieee1275 and \n-0001fc50: 6e61 6e64 292c 204c 564d 2028 6c76 6d29 nand), LVM (lvm)\n-0001fc60: 2c20 4c44 4d2c 2076 6972 7469 6f20 2876 , LDM, virtio (v\n-0001fc70: 6473 6b29 2061 6e64 2061 7263 6469 736b dsk) and arcdisk\n-0001fc80: 2028 6172 6329 2075 7365 0a69 6e74 7269 (arc) use.intri\n-0001fc90: 6e73 6963 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2064 6973 nsic name of dis\n-0001fca0: 6b20 7072 6566 6978 6564 2062 7920 6472 k prefixed by dr\n-0001fcb0: 6976 6572 206e 616d 652e 2020 4164 6469 iver name. Addi\n-0001fcc0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 206a 7573 740a 226e tionally just.\"n\n-0001fcd0: 616e 6422 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f 2074 and\" refers to t\n-0001fce0: 6865 2064 6973 6b20 616c 6961 7365 6420 he disk aliased \n-0001fcf0: 6173 2022 6e61 6e64 222e 2020 436f 6e66 as \"nand\". Conf\n-0001fd00: 6c69 6374 7320 6172 6520 736f 6c76 6564 licts are solved\n-0001fd10: 2062 790a 7375 6666 6978 696e 6720 6120 by.suffixing a \n-0001fd20: 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6620 6e65 6365 7373 number if necess\n-0001fd30: 6172 7279 2e20 2043 6f6d 6d61 7320 6e65 arry. Commas ne\n-0001fd40: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7363 6170 6564 ed to be escaped\n-0001fd50: 2e20 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a 7573 6573 . Loopback.uses\n-0001fd60: 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2073 whatever name s\n-0001fd70: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6f20 e280 986c pecified to ...l\n-0001fd80: 6f6f 7062 6163 6be2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 oopback... comma\n-0001fd90: 6e64 2e20 2048 6f73 7464 6973 6b20 7573 nd. Hostdisk us\n-0001fda0: 6573 206e 616d 6573 0a73 7065 6369 6669 es names.specifi\n-0001fdb0: 6564 2069 6e20 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 ed in device.map\n-0001fdc0: 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 6974 2773 as long as it's\n-0001fdd0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d 205b 6668 of the form [fh\n-0001fde0: 635d 645b 302d 395d 2a20 6f72 0a68 6f73 c]d[0-9]* or.hos\n-0001fdf0: 7464 6973 6b2f 3c4f 5320 4445 5649 4345 tdisk/. For crypto a\n-0001fe10: 6e64 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 2061 6464 nd RAID (md) add\n-0001fe20: 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 itionally you ca\n-0001fe30: 6e20 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 n use.the syntax\n-0001fe40: 203c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 653e 7575 uu\n-0001fe50: 6964 2f3c 7575 6964 3e2e 2020 466f 7220 id/. For \n-0001fe60: 4c56 4d20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 LVM additionally\n-0001fe70: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 6865 you can use.the\n-0001fe80: 2073 796e 7461 7820 6c76 6d69 642f 3c76 syntax lvmid//.\n-0001feb0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a20 2020 .. (fd0). \n-0001fec0: 2020 2868 6430 290a 2020 2020 2028 6364 (hd0). (cd\n-0001fed0: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6168 6369 3029 0a20 ). (ahci0). \n-0001fee0: 2020 2020 2861 7461 3029 0a20 2020 2020 (ata0). \n-0001fef0: 2863 7279 7074 6f30 290a 2020 2020 2028 (crypto0). (\n-0001ff00: 7573 6230 290a 2020 2020 2028 6372 7970 usb0). (cryp\n-0001ff10: 746f 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 3637 3839 touuid/123456789\n-0001ff20: 6162 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 abcdef0123456789\n-0001ff30: 6162 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 2020 286d abcdef0). (m\n-0001ff40: 6475 7569 642f 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 duuid/123456789a\n-0001ff50: 6263 6465 6630 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 bcdef0123456789a\n-0001ff60: 6263 6465 6630 290a 2020 2020 2028 6c76 bcdef0). (lv\n-0001ff70: 6d2f 7379 7374 656d 2d72 6f6f 7429 0a20 m/system-root). \n-0001ff80: 2020 2020 286c 766d 6964 2f46 3169 6b67 (lvmid/F1ikg\n-0001ff90: 442d 3252 4553 2d33 3036 472d 696c 394d D-2RES-306G-il9M\n-0001ffa0: 2d37 6977 612d 344e 4b57 2d45 6256 314e -7iwa-4NKW-EbV1N\n-0001ffb0: 562f 654c 4775 4351 2d4c 344b 612d 5855 V/eLGuCQ-L4Ka-XU\n-0001ffc0: 6752 2d73 6a74 4a2d 6666 6368 2d62 616a gR-sjtJ-ffch-baj\n-0001ffd0: 722d 6643 4e66 7a35 290a 2020 2020 2028 r-fCNfz5). (\n-0001ffe0: 6d64 2f6d 7972 6169 6429 0a20 2020 2020 md/myraid). \n-0001fff0: 286d 642f 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2869 6565 (md/0). (iee\n-00020000: 6531 3237 352f 6469 736b 3229 0a20 2020 e1275/disk2). \n-00020010: 2020 2869 6565 6531 3237 352f 2f70 6369 (ieee1275//pci\n-00020020: 4031 665c 2c30 2f69 6465 4064 2f64 6973 @1f\\,0/ide@d/dis\n-00020030: 6b40 3229 0a20 2020 2020 286e 616e 6429 k@2). (nand)\n-00020040: 0a20 2020 2020 286d 656d 6469 736b 290a . (memdisk).\n-00020050: 2020 2020 2028 686f 7374 290a 2020 2020 (host). \n-00020060: 2028 6d79 6c6f 6f70 290a 2020 2020 2028 (myloop). (\n-00020070: 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f2f 6465 762f 7364 hostdisk//dev/sd\n-00020080: 6129 0a0a 2020 2050 4152 542d 4e55 4d20 a).. PART-NUM \n-00020090: 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 6865 2070 represents the p\n-000200a0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 artition number \n-000200b0: 6f66 2044 4556 4943 452c 2073 7461 7274 of DEVICE, start\n-000200c0: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 0a6f 6e65 2e20 2050 ing from.one. P\n-000200d0: 4152 544e 414d 4520 6973 206f 7074 696f ARTNAME is optio\n-000200e0: 6e61 6c20 6275 7420 6973 2072 6563 6f6d nal but is recom\n-000200f0: 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 2064 6973 mended since dis\n-00020100: 6b20 6d61 7920 6861 7665 0a73 6576 6572 k may have.sever\n-00020110: 616c 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2070 6172 al top-level par\n-00020120: 746d 6170 732e 2020 5370 6563 6966 7969 tmaps. Specifyi\n-00020130: 6e67 2074 6869 7264 2061 6e64 206c 6174 ng third and lat\n-00020140: 6572 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2079 6f75 er component you\n-00020150: 0a63 616e 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2073 .can access to s\n-00020160: 7562 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 ubpartitions... \n-00020170: 2020 5468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 20e2 8098 The syntax ...\n-00020180: 2868 6430 29e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 7365 (hd0)... represe\n-00020190: 6e74 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 656e nts using the en\n-000201a0: 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b20 286f 7220 7468 tire disk (or th\n-000201b0: 6520 4d42 5220 7768 656e 0a69 6e73 7461 e MBR when.insta\n-000201c0: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 292c 2077 6869 lling GRUB), whi\n-000201d0: 6c65 2074 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 e280 le the syntax ..\n-000201e0: 9828 6864 302c 3129 e280 9920 7265 7072 .(hd0,1)... repr\n-000201f0: 6573 656e 7473 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 esents using the\n-00020200: 2066 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first.partition\n-00020210: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b 2028 6f72 of the disk (or\n-00020220: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 6f72 the boot sector\n-00020230: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f of the partitio\n-00020240: 6e20 7768 656e 0a69 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e n when.installin\n-00020250: 6720 4752 5542 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 g GRUB)... (\n-00020260: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 290a 2020 2020 hd0,msdos1). \n-00020270: 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 2c6d 7364 (hd0,msdos1,msd\n-00020280: 6f73 3529 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d os5). (hd0,m\n-00020290: 7364 6f73 312c 6273 6433 290a 2020 2020 sdos1,bsd3). \n-000202a0: 2028 6864 302c 6e65 7462 7364 3129 0a20 (hd0,netbsd1). \n-000202b0: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 0a20 (hd0,gpt1). \n-000202c0: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c31 2c33 290a 0a20 (hd0,1,3).. \n-000202d0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 6e61 626c 6564 If you enabled\n-000202e0: 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2073 7570 the network sup\n-000202f0: 706f 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 port, the specia\n-00020300: 6c20 6472 6976 6573 0ae2 8098 2850 524f l drives....(PRO\n-00020310: 544f 434f 4c5b 2c53 4552 5645 525d 29e2 TOCOL[,SERVER]).\n-00020320: 8099 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 6176 6169 .. are also avai\n-00020330: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 lable. Supporte\n-00020340: 6420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 7320 6172 650a d protocols are.\n-00020350: e280 9868 7474 70e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 ...http... and .\n-00020360: 8098 7466 7470 e280 992e 2020 4966 2053 ..tftp.... If S\n-00020370: 4552 5645 5220 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 ERVER is omitted\n-00020380: 2c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 , value of envir\n-00020390: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a onment variable.\n-000203a0: e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 ...net_default_s\n-000203b0: 6572 7665 72e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 erver... is used\n-000203c0: 2e20 2042 6566 6f72 6520 7573 696e 6720 . Before using \n-000203d0: 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 the network driv\n-000203e0: 652c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 740a 696e 6974 e, you must.init\n-000203f0: 6961 6c69 7a65 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f ialize the netwo\n-00020400: 726b 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f rk. *Note Netwo\n-00020410: 726b 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 rk::, for more i\n-00020420: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 nformation... \n-00020430: 5768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6874 When using ...ht\n-00020440: 7470 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7466 7470 tp... or ...tftp\n-00020450: e280 992c 2070 6f72 7473 206f 7468 6572 ..., ports other\n-00020460: 2074 6861 6e20 e280 9838 30e2 8099 2063 than ...80... c\n-00020470: 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a an be specified.\n-00020480: 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f 6c6f 6e20 28e2 using a colon (.\n-00020490: 8098 3ae2 8099 2920 6166 7465 7220 7468 ..:...) after th\n-000204a0: 6520 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 546f 2061 e address. To a\n-000204b0: 766f 6964 2070 6172 7369 6e67 2063 6f6e void parsing con\n-000204c0: 666c 6963 7473 2c20 7768 656e 0a75 7369 flicts, when.usi\n-000204d0: 6e67 2049 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 7365 ng IPv6 addresse\n-000204e0: 7320 7769 7468 2063 7573 746f 6d20 706f s with custom po\n-000204f0: 7274 732c 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 rts, the address\n-00020500: 6573 206d 7573 7420 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f es must be enclo\n-00020510: 7365 640a 7769 7468 2073 7175 6172 6520 sed.with square \n-00020520: 6272 6163 6b65 7473 2028 e280 985b 5de2 brackets (...[].\n-00020530: 8099 292c 2061 7320 6973 2073 7461 6e64 ..), as is stand\n-00020540: 6172 6420 7072 6163 7469 6365 2e0a 0a20 ard practice... \n-00020550: 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 6772 7562 2e65 (http,grub.e\n-00020560: 7861 6d70 6c65 2e63 6f6d 3a33 3133 3337 xample.com:31337\n-00020570: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c31 3932 ). (http,192\n-00020580: 2e30 2e32 2e31 3a33 3339 290a 2020 2020 .0.2.1:339). \n-00020590: 2028 6874 7470 2c5b 3230 3031 3a64 6238 (http,[2001:db8\n-000205a0: 3a3a 315d 3a31 3132 3335 290a 0a20 2020 ::1]:11235).. \n-000205b0: 4966 2079 6f75 2062 6f6f 7420 4752 5542 If you boot GRUB\n-000205c0: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 from a CD-ROM, \n-000205d0: e280 9828 6364 29e2 8099 2069 7320 6176 ...(cd)... is av\n-000205e0: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 ailable. *Note \n-000205f0: 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 0a47 5255 4220 626f Making a.GRUB bo\n-00020600: 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a2c otable CD-ROM::,\n-00020610: 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f for details....\n-00020620: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00020630: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 , Node: File na\n-00020640: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 4e65 7874 me syntax, Next\n-00020650: 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e : Block list syn\n-00020660: 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4465 7669 tax, Prev: Devi\n-00020670: 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5570 3a20 ce syntax, Up: \n-00020680: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 2e32 Filesystem..13.2\n-00020690: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 How to specify \n-000206a0: 6669 6c65 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d files.==========\n-000206b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-000206c0: 0a54 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2077 .There are two w\n-000206d0: 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 ays to specify f\n-000206e0: 696c 6573 2c20 6279 20e2 809c 6162 736f iles, by ...abso\n-000206f0: 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 e280 lute file name..\n-00020700: 9d20 616e 6420 6279 0ae2 809c 626c 6f63 . and by....bloc\n-00020710: 6b20 6c69 7374 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2020 2041 k list...... A\n-00020720: 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 n absolute file \n-00020730: 6e61 6d65 2072 6573 656d 626c 6573 2061 name resembles a\n-00020740: 2055 6e69 7820 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 Unix absolute f\n-00020750: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 7573 696e 6720 ile name, using \n-00020760: e280 982f e280 990a 666f 7220 7468 6520 .../....for the \n-00020770: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7365 7061 7261 directory separa\n-00020780: 746f 7220 286e 6f74 20e2 8098 5ce2 8099 tor (not ...\\...\n-00020790: 2061 7320 696e 2044 4f53 292e 204f 6e65 as in DOS). One\n-000207a0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 730a e280 9828 example is....(\n-000207b0: 6864 302c 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 hd0,1)/boot/grub\n-000207c0: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 /grub.cfg.... T\n-000207d0: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 6669 his means the fi\n-000207e0: 6c65 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 le .../boot/grub\n-000207f0: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 0a69 6e20 /grub.cfg....in \n-00020800: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 the first partit\n-00020810: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ion of the first\n-00020820: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 hard disk. If \n-00020830: 796f 7520 6f6d 6974 2074 6865 2064 6576 you omit the dev\n-00020840: 6963 650a 6e61 6d65 2069 6e20 616e 2061 ice.name in an a\n-00020850: 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d bsolute file nam\n-00020860: 652c 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 5255 e, GRUB uses GRU\n-00020870: 4227 7320 e280 9c72 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 B's ...root devi\n-00020880: 6365 e280 9d0a 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 ce....implicitly\n-00020890: 2e20 2053 6f20 6966 2079 6f75 2073 6574 . So if you set\n-000208a0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 the root device\n-000208b0: 2074 6f2c 2073 6179 2c20 e280 9828 6864 to, say, ...(hd\n-000208c0: 312c 3129 e280 9920 6279 2074 6865 0a63 1,1)... by the.c\n-000208d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 7420 726f ommand ...set ro\n-000208e0: 6f74 3d28 6864 312c 3129 e280 9920 282a ot=(hd1,1)... (*\n-000208f0: 6e6f 7465 2073 6574 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 note set::), the\n-00020900: 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 n .../boot/kerne\n-00020910: 6ce2 8099 2069 7320 7468 650a 7361 6d65 l... is the.same\n-00020920: 2061 7320 e280 9828 6864 312c 3129 2f62 as ...(hd1,1)/b\n-00020930: 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c e280 992e 0a0a oot/kernel......\n-00020940: 2020 204f 6e20 5a46 5320 6669 6c65 7379 On ZFS filesy\n-00020950: 7374 656d 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 stem the first p\n-00020960: 6174 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6d75 ath component mu\n-00020970: 7374 2062 650a 564f 4c55 4d45 e280 9840 st be.VOLUME...@\n-00020980: e280 995b 534e 4150 5348 4f54 5d2e 2020 ...[SNAPSHOT]. \n-00020990: 536f 20e2 8098 2f72 6f6f 7476 6f6c 4073 So .../rootvol@s\n-000209a0: 6e61 702d 3132 392f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 nap-129/boot/gru\n-000209b0: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 7265 b/grub.cfg... re\n-000209c0: 6665 7273 0a74 6f20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 fers.to file ...\n-000209d0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e /boot/grub/grub.\n-000209e0: 6366 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 736e 6170 7368 cfg... in snapsh\n-000209f0: 6f74 206f 6620 766f 6c75 6d65 20e2 8098 ot of volume ...\n-00020a00: 726f 6f74 766f 6ce2 8099 2077 6974 6820 rootvol... with \n-00020a10: 6e61 6d65 0ae2 8098 736e 6170 2d31 3239 name....snap-129\n-00020a20: e280 992e 2020 5472 6169 6c69 6e67 20e2 .... Trailing .\n-00020a30: 8098 40e2 8099 2061 6674 6572 2076 6f6c ..@... after vol\n-00020a40: 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6d61 6e64 ume name is mand\n-00020a50: 6174 6f72 7920 6576 656e 2069 660a 736e atory even if.sn\n-00020a60: 6170 7368 6f74 206e 616d 6520 6973 206f apshot name is o\n-00020a70: 6d69 7474 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mitted.....File:\n-00020a80: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00020a90: 653a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 e: Block list sy\n-00020aa0: 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 696c ntax, Prev: Fil\n-00020ab0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 e name syntax, \n-00020ac0: 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a Up: Filesystem..\n-00020ad0: 3133 2e33 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 13.3 How to spec\n-00020ae0: 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 730a ify block lists.\n-00020af0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020b00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00020b10: 0a41 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 6973 .A block list is\n-00020b20: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7370 6563 6966 used for specif\n-00020b30: 7969 6e67 2061 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 ying a file that\n-00020b40: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2061 7070 6561 7220 doesn't appear \n-00020b50: 696e 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 in the.filesyste\n-00020b60: 6d2c 206c 696b 6520 6120 6368 6169 6e6c m, like a chainl\n-00020b70: 6f61 6465 722e 2020 5468 6520 7379 6e74 oader. The synt\n-00020b80: 6178 2069 730a e280 985b 4f46 4653 4554 ax is....[OFFSET\n-00020b90: 5d2b 5b4c 454e 4754 485d 5b2c 5b4f 4646 ]+[LENGTH][,[OFF\n-00020ba0: 5345 545d 2b5b 4c45 4e47 5448 5d5d 2e2e SET]+[LENGTH]]..\n-00020bb0: 2ee2 8099 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 ..... Here is a\n-00020bc0: 6e20 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 n example:.. \n-00020bd0: 2030 2b31 3030 2c32 3030 2b31 2c33 3030 0+100,200+1,300\n-00020be0: 2b33 3030 2c38 3030 2b0a 0a20 2020 5468 +300,800+.. Th\n-00020bf0: 6973 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7468 is represents th\n-00020c00: 6174 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2072 at GRUB should r\n-00020c10: 6561 6420 626c 6f63 6b73 2030 2074 6872 ead blocks 0 thr\n-00020c20: 6f75 6768 2039 392c 2062 6c6f 636b 2032 ough 99, block 2\n-00020c30: 3030 2c0a 626c 6f63 6b73 2033 3030 2074 00,.blocks 300 t\n-00020c40: 6872 6f75 6768 2035 3939 2c20 616e 6420 hrough 599, and \n-00020c50: 626c 6f63 6b73 2038 3030 2075 6e74 696c blocks 800 until\n-00020c60: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 the end of the \n-00020c70: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2049 660a 796f 7520 device. If.you \n-00020c80: 6f6d 6974 2061 6e20 6f66 6673 6574 2c20 omit an offset, \n-00020c90: 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 then GRUB assume\n-00020ca0: 7320 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 2069 7320 s the offset is \n-00020cb0: 7a65 726f 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6c65 zero. If the le\n-00020cc0: 6e67 7468 0a69 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c ngth.is omitted,\n-00020cd0: 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d then GRUB assum\n-00020ce0: 6573 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 es the block lis\n-00020cf0: 7420 6578 7465 6e64 7320 756e 7469 6c20 t extends until \n-00020d00: 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 0a74 6865 2064 the end of.the d\n-00020d10: 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 204c 696b 6520 evice... Like \n-00020d20: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 the file name sy\n-00020d30: 6e74 6178 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 ntax (*note File\n-00020d40: 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c name syntax::),\n-00020d50: 2069 6620 6120 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 740a if a blocklist.\n-00020d60: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e does not contain\n-00020d70: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 a device name, \n-00020d80: 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 then GRUB uses G\n-00020d90: 5255 4227 7320 e280 9c72 6f6f 7420 6465 RUB's ...root de\n-00020da0: 7669 6365 e280 9d2e 2020 536f 0ae2 8098 vice.... So....\n-00020db0: 2868 6430 2c32 292b 31e2 8099 2069 7320 (hd0,2)+1... is \n-00020dc0: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 e280 982b the same as ...+\n-00020dd0: 31e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 726f 1... when the ro\n-00020de0: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 20e2 8098 ot device is ...\n-00020df0: 2868 6430 2c32 29e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 (hd0,2)........F\n-00020e00: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00020e10: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 Node: Interface\n-00020e20: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e , Next: Environ\n-00020e30: 6d65 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 696c ment, Prev: Fil\n-00020e40: 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f esystem, Up: To\n-00020e50: 700a 0a31 3420 4752 5542 2773 2075 7365 p..14 GRUB's use\n-00020e60: 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a2a 2a2a r interface.****\n+0001ed90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4865 ************..He\n+0001eda0: 6176 696c 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 706c avily limited pl\n+0001edb0: 6174 666f 726d 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 atforms:. ... \n+0001edc0: 6933 3836 2d70 6320 286e 6f72 6d61 6c20 i386-pc (normal \n+0001edd0: 616e 6420 5058 4529 3a20 7468 6520 636f and PXE): the co\n+0001ede0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 2863 re image size (c\n+0001edf0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 730a 2020 ompressed) is. \n+0001ee00: 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3435 limited by 45\n+0001ee10: 3832 3430 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206b 6572 8240 bytes. ker\n+0001ee20: 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b nel.img (.text +\n+0001ee30: 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 732c 0a20 .data + .bss,. \n+0001ee40: 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 uncompressed\n+0001ee50: 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 ) is limited by \n+0001ee60: 3339 3237 3034 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206d 392704 bytes. m\n+0001ee70: 6f64 756c 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 odule size. \n+0001ee80: 2875 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b (uncompressed) +\n+0001ee90: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 kernel.img (.te\n+0001eea0: 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2c20 756e 636f xt + .data, unco\n+0001eeb0: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 0a20 2020 mpressed) is. \n+0001eec0: 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 limited by the\n+0001eed0: 2073 697a 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 size of contigu\n+0001eee0: 6f75 7320 6368 756e 6b20 6174 2031 4d20 ous chunk at 1M \n+0001eef0: 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 address.. ... \n+0001ef00: 7370 6172 6336 342d 6965 6565 3132 3735 sparc64-ieee1275\n+0001ef10: 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 : kernel.img (.t\n+0001ef20: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 ext + .data + .b\n+0001ef30: 7373 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b0a ss) + modules +.\n+0001ef40: 2020 2020 2032 3536 4b20 2873 7461 636b 256K (stack\n+0001ef50: 2920 2b20 324d 2028 6865 6170 2920 6973 ) + 2M (heap) is\n+0001ef60: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 limited by spac\n+0001ef70: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 e available at 0\n+0001ef80: 7834 3430 302e 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 206d x4400.. On m\n+0001ef90: 6f73 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 ost platforms it\n+0001efa0: 2773 206a 7573 7420 3320 6f72 2034 4d20 's just 3 or 4M \n+0001efb0: 7369 6e63 6520 6965 6565 3132 3735 206d since ieee1275 m\n+0001efc0: 6170 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 6f0a 2020 2020 aps only so. \n+0001efd0: 206d 7563 682e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 much.. ... i3\n+0001efe0: 3836 2d69 6565 6531 3237 353a 206b 6572 86-ieee1275: ker\n+0001eff0: 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b nel.img (.text +\n+0001f000: 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 7329 202b .data + .bss) +\n+0001f010: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 730a 2020 2020 modules is. \n+0001f020: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 6d65 6d6f limited by memo\n+0001f030: 7279 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 ry available at \n+0001f040: 3078 3130 3030 302c 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 0x10000, at most\n+0001f050: 2035 3936 4b0a 0a20 2020 4c69 6768 746c 596K.. Lightl\n+0001f060: 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 706c 6174 666f y limited platfo\n+0001f070: 726d 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 202a 2d78 rms:.. ... *-x\n+0001f080: 656e 3a20 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 en: limited only\n+0001f090: 2062 7920 6164 7265 7373 2073 7061 6365 by adress space\n+0001f0a0: 2061 6e64 2052 414d 2073 697a 652e 0a20 and RAM size.. \n+0001f0b0: 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d71 656d 753a ... i386-qemu:\n+0001f0c0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 kernel.img (.te\n+0001f0d0: 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 xt + .data + .bs\n+0001f0e0: 7329 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 s) is limited by\n+0001f0f0: 2033 3932 3730 340a 2020 2020 2062 7974 392704. byt\n+0001f100: 6573 2e20 2028 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2077 es. (core.img w\n+0001f110: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 ould be limited \n+0001f120: 6279 2052 4f4d 2073 697a 6520 6275 7420 by ROM size but \n+0001f130: 6974 2773 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 6564 0a20 it's unlimited. \n+0001f140: 2020 2020 6f6e 2071 656d 750a 2020 20e2 on qemu. .\n+0001f150: 80a2 2041 6c6c 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 .. All EFI platf\n+0001f160: 6f72 6d73 3a20 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 orms: limited by\n+0001f170: 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 7320 5241 4d20 contiguous RAM \n+0001f180: 7369 7a65 2061 6e64 2070 6f73 7369 626c size and possibl\n+0001f190: 790a 2020 2020 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 y. firmware \n+0001f1a0: 6275 6773 0a20 2020 e280 a220 436f 7265 bugs. ... 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Becaus\n+0001f820: 6520 6f66 2042 494f 5320 6c69 6d69 7461 e of BIOS limita\n+0001f830: 7469 6f6e 732c 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e6e tions, GRUB cann\n+0001f840: 6f74 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 0a62 ot distinguish.b\n+0001f850: 6574 7765 656e 2049 4445 2c20 4553 4449 etween IDE, ESDI\n+0001f860: 2c20 5343 5349 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 , SCSI, or other\n+0001f870: 732e 2020 596f 7520 6d75 7374 206b 6e6f s. You must kno\n+0001f880: 7720 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2077 6869 6368 w yourself which\n+0001f890: 2042 494f 530a 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 BIOS.device is \n+0001f8a0: 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 7768 equivalent to wh\n+0001f8b0: 6963 6820 4f53 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 ich OS device. \n+0001f8c0: 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6174 2077 Normally, that w\n+0001f8d0: 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6c65 6172 0a69 6620 ill be clear.if \n+0001f8e0: 796f 7520 7365 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 you see the file\n+0001f8f0: 7320 696e 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6f72 s in a device or\n+0001f900: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 use the command\n+0001f910: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 282a ...search... (*\n+0001f920: 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a note.search::)..\n+0001f930: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4465 7669 .* Menu:..* Devi\n+0001f940: 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 ce syntax:: \n+0001f950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f How to\n+0001f960: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2064 6576 6963 6573 specify devices\n+0001f970: 0a2a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e .* File name syn\n+0001f980: 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tax:: \n+0001f990: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 How to specify \n+0001f9a0: 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 files.* Block li\n+0001f9b0: 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 st syntax:: \n+0001f9c0: 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 How to spe\n+0001f9d0: 6369 6679 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7473 cify block lists\n+0001f9e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0001f9f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 nfo, Node: Devi\n+0001fa00: 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 4e65 7874 ce syntax, Next\n+0001fa10: 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 : File name synt\n+0001fa20: 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 ax, Up: Filesys\n+0001fa30: 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3120 486f 7720 746f tem..13.1 How to\n+0001fa40: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2064 6576 6963 6573 specify devices\n+0001fa50: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+0001fa60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n+0001fa70: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 7820 e device syntax \n+0001fa80: 6973 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 is like this:.. \n+0001fa90: 2020 2020 2844 4556 4943 455b 2c50 4152 (DEVICE[,PAR\n+0001faa0: 544d 4150 2d4e 414d 4531 5041 5254 2d4e TMAP-NAME1PART-N\n+0001fab0: 554d 315b 2c50 4152 544d 4150 2d4e 414d UM1[,PARTMAP-NAM\n+0001fac0: 4532 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 325b 2c2e 2e2e E2PART-NUM2[,...\n+0001fad0: 5d5d 5d29 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 5b5d e280 ]]]).. ...[]..\n+0001fae0: 9920 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7061 7261 . means the para\n+0001faf0: 6d65 7465 7220 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 meter is optiona\n+0001fb00: 6c2e 2020 4445 5649 4345 2064 6570 656e l. DEVICE depen\n+0001fb10: 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6469 736b 0a64 ds on the disk.d\n+0001fb20: 7269 7665 7220 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2042 river in use. B\n+0001fb30: 494f 5320 616e 6420 4546 4920 6469 736b IOS and EFI disk\n+0001fb40: 7320 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 20e2 8098 s use either ...\n+0001fb50: 6664 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6864 e280 fd... or ...hd..\n+0001fb60: 9920 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 610a . followed by a.\n+0001fb70: 6469 6769 742c 206c 696b 6520 e280 9866 digit, like ...f\n+0001fb80: 6430 e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 9863 64e2 d0..., or ...cd.\n+0001fb90: 8099 2e20 2041 4843 492c 2050 4154 4120 ... AHCI, PATA \n+0001fba0: 2861 7461 292c 2063 7279 7074 6f2c 2055 (ata), crypto, U\n+0001fbb0: 5342 2075 7365 2074 6865 206e 616d 650a SB use the name.\n+0001fbc0: 6f66 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 6c6c 6f77 of driver follow\n+0001fbd0: 6564 2062 7920 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2e20 ed by a number. \n+0001fbe0: 204d 656d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2068 6f73 Memdisk and hos\n+0001fbf0: 7420 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f t are limited to\n+0001fc00: 206f 6e65 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 736f one.disk and so\n+0001fc10: 2069 7427 7320 7265 6665 7265 6420 6a75 it's refered ju\n+0001fc20: 7374 2062 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d st by driver nam\n+0001fc30: 652e 2020 5241 4944 2028 6d64 292c 206f e. RAID (md), o\n+0001fc40: 6664 6973 6b0a 2869 6565 6531 3237 3520 fdisk.(ieee1275 \n+0001fc50: 616e 6420 6e61 6e64 292c 204c 564d 2028 and nand), LVM (\n+0001fc60: 6c76 6d29 2c20 4c44 4d2c 2076 6972 7469 lvm), LDM, virti\n+0001fc70: 6f20 2876 6473 6b29 2061 6e64 2061 7263 o (vdsk) and arc\n+0001fc80: 6469 736b 2028 6172 6329 2075 7365 0a69 disk (arc) use.i\n+0001fc90: 6e74 7269 6e73 6963 206e 616d 6520 6f66 ntrinsic name of\n+0001fca0: 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6566 6978 6564 2062 disk prefixed b\n+0001fcb0: 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 652e 2020 y driver name. \n+0001fcc0: 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 206a 7573 Additionally jus\n+0001fcd0: 740a 226e 616e 6422 2072 6566 6572 7320 t.\"nand\" refers \n+0001fce0: 746f 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 616c 6961 to the disk alia\n+0001fcf0: 7365 6420 6173 2022 6e61 6e64 222e 2020 sed as \"nand\". \n+0001fd00: 436f 6e66 6c69 6374 7320 6172 6520 736f Conflicts are so\n+0001fd10: 6c76 6564 2062 790a 7375 6666 6978 696e lved by.suffixin\n+0001fd20: 6720 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6620 6e65 g a number if ne\n+0001fd30: 6365 7373 6172 7279 2e20 2043 6f6d 6d61 cessarry. Comma\n+0001fd40: 7320 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7363 s need to be esc\n+0001fd50: 6170 6564 2e20 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a aped. Loopback.\n+0001fd60: 7573 6573 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 6e61 uses whatever na\n+0001fd70: 6d65 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6f20 me specified to \n+0001fd80: e280 986c 6f6f 7062 6163 6be2 8099 2063 ...loopback... c\n+0001fd90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2048 6f73 7464 6973 ommand. Hostdis\n+0001fda0: 6b20 7573 6573 206e 616d 6573 0a73 7065 k uses names.spe\n+0001fdb0: 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6465 7669 6365 cified in device\n+0001fdc0: 2e6d 6170 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 .map as long as \n+0001fdd0: 6974 2773 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d it's of the form\n+0001fde0: 205b 6668 635d 645b 302d 395d 2a20 6f72 [fhc]d[0-9]* or\n+0001fdf0: 0a68 6f73 7464 6973 6b2f 3c4f 5320 4445 .hostdisk/. For cryp\n+0001fe10: 746f 2061 6e64 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 to and RAID (md)\n+0001fe20: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f additionally yo\n+0001fe30: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 u can use.the sy\n+0001fe40: 6e74 6178 203c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d ntax uuid/. \n+0001fe60: 466f 7220 4c56 4d20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e For LVM addition\n+0001fe70: 616c 6c79 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 ally you can use\n+0001fe80: 0a74 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 6c76 6d69 .the syntax lvmi\n+0001fe90: 642f 3c76 6f6c 756d 652d 6772 6f75 702d d//... (fd0)\n+0001fec0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 290a 2020 2020 . (hd0). \n+0001fed0: 2028 6364 290a 2020 2020 2028 6168 6369 (cd). (ahci\n+0001fee0: 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2861 7461 3029 0a20 0). (ata0). \n+0001fef0: 2020 2020 2863 7279 7074 6f30 290a 2020 (crypto0). \n+0001ff00: 2020 2028 7573 6230 290a 2020 2020 2028 (usb0). 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(host).\n+00020060: 2020 2020 2028 6d79 6c6f 6f70 290a 2020 (myloop). \n+00020070: 2020 2028 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f2f 6465 (hostdisk//de\n+00020080: 762f 7364 6129 0a0a 2020 2050 4152 542d v/sda).. PART-\n+00020090: 4e55 4d20 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 NUM represents t\n+000200a0: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d he partition num\n+000200b0: 6265 7220 6f66 2044 4556 4943 452c 2073 ber of DEVICE, s\n+000200c0: 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 0a6f 6e65 tarting from.one\n+000200d0: 2e20 2050 4152 544e 414d 4520 6973 206f . PARTNAME is o\n+000200e0: 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 6275 7420 6973 2072 ptional but is r\n+000200f0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 ecommended since\n+00020100: 2064 6973 6b20 6d61 7920 6861 7665 0a73 disk may have.s\n+00020110: 6576 6572 616c 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c everal top-level\n+00020120: 2070 6172 746d 6170 732e 2020 5370 6563 partmaps. Spec\n+00020130: 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7264 2061 6e64 ifying third and\n+00020140: 206c 6174 6572 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 later component\n+00020150: 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2061 6363 6573 7320 you.can access \n+00020160: 746f 2073 7562 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 to subpartitions\n+00020170: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 ... The syntax\n+00020180: 20e2 8098 2868 6430 29e2 8099 2072 6570 ...(hd0)... rep\n+00020190: 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 resents using th\n+000201a0: 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b20 286f e entire disk (o\n+000201b0: 7220 7468 6520 4d42 5220 7768 656e 0a69 r the MBR when.i\n+000201c0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 292c nstalling GRUB),\n+000201d0: 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2073 796e 7461 while the synta\n+000201e0: 7820 e280 9828 6864 302c 3129 e280 9920 x ...(hd0,1)... \n+000201f0: 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2075 7369 6e67 represents using\n+00020200: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 the first.parti\n+00020210: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b tion of the disk\n+00020220: 2028 6f72 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 (or the boot se\n+00020230: 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 7274 ctor of the part\n+00020240: 6974 696f 6e20 7768 656e 0a69 6e73 7461 ition when.insta\n+00020250: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 292e 0a0a 2020 lling GRUB)... \n+00020260: 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 290a (hd0,msdos1).\n+00020270: 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 (hd0,msdos1\n+00020280: 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a20 2020 2020 2868 ,msdos5). (h\n+00020290: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c 6273 6433 290a d0,msdos1,bsd3).\n+000202a0: 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6e65 7462 7364 (hd0,netbsd\n+000202b0: 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c67 7074 1). (hd0,gpt\n+000202c0: 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c31 2c33 1). (hd0,1,3\n+000202d0: 290a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 6e61 ).. If you ena\n+000202e0: 626c 6564 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b bled the network\n+000202f0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7370 support, the sp\n+00020300: 6563 6961 6c20 6472 6976 6573 0ae2 8098 ecial drives....\n+00020310: 2850 524f 544f 434f 4c5b 2c53 4552 5645 (PROTOCOL[,SERVE\n+00020320: 525d 29e2 8099 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 R])... are also \n+00020330: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5375 7070 available. Supp\n+00020340: 6f72 7465 6420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 7320 orted protocols \n+00020350: 6172 650a e280 9868 7474 70e2 8099 2061 are....http... a\n+00020360: 6e64 20e2 8098 7466 7470 e280 992e 2020 nd ...tftp.... \n+00020370: 4966 2053 4552 5645 5220 6973 206f 6d69 If SERVER is omi\n+00020380: 7474 6564 2c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 tted, value of e\n+00020390: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000203a0: 626c 650a e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 ble....net_defau\n+000203b0: 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 72e2 8099 2069 7320 lt_server... is \n+000203c0: 7573 6564 2e20 2042 6566 6f72 6520 7573 used. Before us\n+000203d0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 ing the network \n+000203e0: 6472 6976 652c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 740a drive, you must.\n+000203f0: 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2074 6865 206e initialize the n\n+00020400: 6574 776f 726b 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204e etwork. *Note N\n+00020410: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f etwork::, for mo\n+00020420: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a re information..\n+00020430: 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 . When using .\n+00020440: 8098 6874 7470 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 ..http... or ...\n+00020450: 7466 7470 e280 992c 2070 6f72 7473 206f tftp..., ports o\n+00020460: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 e280 9838 30e2 ther than ...80.\n+00020470: 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 .. can be specif\n+00020480: 6965 640a 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f 6c6f ied.using a colo\n+00020490: 6e20 28e2 8098 3ae2 8099 2920 6166 7465 n (...:...) afte\n+000204a0: 7220 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 r the address. \n+000204b0: 546f 2061 766f 6964 2070 6172 7369 6e67 To avoid parsing\n+000204c0: 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7473 2c20 7768 656e conflicts, when\n+000204d0: 0a75 7369 6e67 2049 5076 3620 6164 6472 .using IPv6 addr\n+000204e0: 6573 7365 7320 7769 7468 2063 7573 746f esses with custo\n+000204f0: 6d20 706f 7274 732c 2074 6865 2061 6464 m ports, the add\n+00020500: 7265 7373 6573 206d 7573 7420 6265 2065 resses must be e\n+00020510: 6e63 6c6f 7365 640a 7769 7468 2073 7175 nclosed.with squ\n+00020520: 6172 6520 6272 6163 6b65 7473 2028 e280 are brackets (..\n+00020530: 985b 5de2 8099 292c 2061 7320 6973 2073 .[]...), as is s\n+00020540: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 7072 6163 7469 6365 tandard practice\n+00020550: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 6772 ... (http,gr\n+00020560: 7562 2e65 7861 6d70 6c65 2e63 6f6d 3a33 ub.example.com:3\n+00020570: 3133 3337 290a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 1337). (http\n+00020580: 2c31 3932 2e30 2e32 2e31 3a33 3339 290a ,192.0.2.1:339).\n+00020590: 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c5b 3230 3031 (http,[2001\n+000205a0: 3a64 6238 3a3a 315d 3a31 3132 3335 290a :db8::1]:11235).\n+000205b0: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 6f6f 7420 . If you boot \n+000205c0: 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 GRUB from a CD-R\n+000205d0: 4f4d 2c20 e280 9828 6364 29e2 8099 2069 OM, ...(cd)... i\n+000205e0: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 2a4e s available. *N\n+000205f0: 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 0a47 5255 ote Making a.GRU\n+00020600: 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f B bootable CD-RO\n+00020610: 4d3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 M::, for details\n+00020620: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00020630: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 696c info, Node: Fil\n+00020640: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 e name syntax, \n+00020650: 4e65 7874 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 Next: Block list\n+00020660: 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 syntax, Prev: \n+00020670: 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 Device syntax, \n+00020680: 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a Up: Filesystem..\n+00020690: 3133 2e32 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 13.2 How to spec\n+000206a0: 6966 7920 6669 6c65 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ify files.======\n+000206b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000206c0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 ===..There are t\n+000206d0: 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 wo ways to speci\n+000206e0: 6679 2066 696c 6573 2c20 6279 20e2 809c fy files, by ...\n+000206f0: 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 absolute file na\n+00020700: 6d65 e280 9d20 616e 6420 6279 0ae2 809c me... and by....\n+00020710: 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 e280 9d2e 0a0a block list......\n+00020720: 2020 2041 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 An absolute f\n+00020730: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2072 6573 656d 626c ile name resembl\n+00020740: 6573 2061 2055 6e69 7820 6162 736f 6c75 es a Unix absolu\n+00020750: 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 7573 te file name, us\n+00020760: 696e 6720 e280 982f e280 990a 666f 7220 ing .../....for \n+00020770: 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7365 the directory se\n+00020780: 7061 7261 746f 7220 286e 6f74 20e2 8098 parator (not ...\n+00020790: 5ce2 8099 2061 7320 696e 2044 4f53 292e \\... as in DOS).\n+000207a0: 204f 6e65 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 730a One example is.\n+000207b0: e280 9828 6864 302c 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f ...(hd0,1)/boot/\n+000207c0: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 grub/grub.cfg...\n+000207d0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 . This means th\n+000207e0: 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f e file .../boot/\n+000207f0: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 grub/grub.cfg...\n+00020800: 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 .in the first pa\n+00020810: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 rtition of the f\n+00020820: 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e20 irst hard disk. \n+00020830: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6f6d 6974 2074 6865 If you omit the\n+00020840: 2064 6576 6963 650a 6e61 6d65 2069 6e20 device.name in \n+00020850: 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 an absolute file\n+00020860: 206e 616d 652c 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 name, GRUB uses\n+00020870: 2047 5255 4227 7320 e280 9c72 6f6f 7420 GRUB's ...root \n+00020880: 6465 7669 6365 e280 9d0a 696d 706c 6963 device....implic\n+00020890: 6974 6c79 2e20 2053 6f20 6966 2079 6f75 itly. So if you\n+000208a0: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 set the root de\n+000208b0: 7669 6365 2074 6f2c 2073 6179 2c20 e280 vice to, say, ..\n+000208c0: 9828 6864 312c 3129 e280 9920 6279 2074 .(hd1,1)... by t\n+000208d0: 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 he.command ...se\n+000208e0: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 312c 3129 e280 t root=(hd1,1)..\n+000208f0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6574 3a3a 292c . (*note set::),\n+00020900: 2074 6865 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f6b then .../boot/k\n+00020910: 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 2069 7320 7468 650a ernel... is the.\n+00020920: 7361 6d65 2061 7320 e280 9828 6864 312c same as ...(hd1,\n+00020930: 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c e280 1)/boot/kernel..\n+00020940: 992e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 5a46 5320 6669 .... On ZFS fi\n+00020950: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 6865 2066 6972 lesystem the fir\n+00020960: 7374 2070 6174 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e st path componen\n+00020970: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 564f 4c55 4d45 t must be.VOLUME\n+00020980: e280 9840 e280 995b 534e 4150 5348 4f54 ...@...[SNAPSHOT\n+00020990: 5d2e 2020 536f 20e2 8098 2f72 6f6f 7476 ]. So .../rootv\n+000209a0: 6f6c 4073 6e61 702d 3132 392f 626f 6f74 ol@snap-129/boot\n+000209b0: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 /grub/grub.cfg..\n+000209c0: 9920 7265 6665 7273 0a74 6f20 6669 6c65 . refers.to file\n+000209d0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 .../boot/grub/g\n+000209e0: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 736e rub.cfg... in sn\n+000209f0: 6170 7368 6f74 206f 6620 766f 6c75 6d65 apshot of volume\n+00020a00: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 766f 6ce2 8099 2077 ...rootvol... w\n+00020a10: 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 0ae2 8098 736e 6170 ith name....snap\n+00020a20: 2d31 3239 e280 992e 2020 5472 6169 6c69 -129.... Traili\n+00020a30: 6e67 20e2 8098 40e2 8099 2061 6674 6572 ng ...@... after\n+00020a40: 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 volume name is \n+00020a50: 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 6576 656e 2069 mandatory even i\n+00020a60: 660a 736e 6170 7368 6f74 206e 616d 6520 f.snapshot name \n+00020a70: 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 is omitted.....F\n+00020a80: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00020a90: 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 Node: Block lis\n+00020aa0: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a t syntax, Prev:\n+00020ab0: 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 File name synta\n+00020ac0: 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 x, Up: Filesyst\n+00020ad0: 656d 0a0a 3133 2e33 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 em..13.3 How to \n+00020ae0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 specify block li\n+00020af0: 7374 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d sts.============\n+00020b00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00020b10: 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 ===..A block lis\n+00020b20: 7420 6973 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7370 t is used for sp\n+00020b30: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2061 2066 696c 6520 ecifying a file \n+00020b40: 7468 6174 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2061 7070 that doesn't app\n+00020b50: 6561 7220 696e 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6573 ear in the.files\n+00020b60: 7973 7465 6d2c 206c 696b 6520 6120 6368 ystem, like a ch\n+00020b70: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 5468 6520 ainloader. The \n+00020b80: 7379 6e74 6178 2069 730a e280 985b 4f46 syntax is....[OF\n+00020b90: 4653 4554 5d2b 5b4c 454e 4754 485d 5b2c FSET]+[LENGTH][,\n+00020ba0: 5b4f 4646 5345 545d 2b5b 4c45 4e47 5448 [OFFSET]+[LENGTH\n+00020bb0: 5d5d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2048 6572 6520 ]]....... Here \n+00020bc0: 6973 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a is an example:..\n+00020bd0: 2020 2020 2030 2b31 3030 2c32 3030 2b31 0+100,200+1\n+00020be0: 2c33 3030 2b33 3030 2c38 3030 2b0a 0a20 ,300+300,800+.. \n+00020bf0: 2020 5468 6973 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 This represent\n+00020c00: 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 s that GRUB shou\n+00020c10: 6c64 2072 6561 6420 626c 6f63 6b73 2030 ld read blocks 0\n+00020c20: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2039 392c 2062 6c6f through 99, blo\n+00020c30: 636b 2032 3030 2c0a 626c 6f63 6b73 2033 ck 200,.blocks 3\n+00020c40: 3030 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2035 3939 2c20 00 through 599, \n+00020c50: 616e 6420 626c 6f63 6b73 2038 3030 2075 and blocks 800 u\n+00020c60: 6e74 696c 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 ntil the end of \n+00020c70: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2049 660a the device. If.\n+00020c80: 796f 7520 6f6d 6974 2061 6e20 6f66 6673 you omit an offs\n+00020c90: 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 6173 et, then GRUB as\n+00020ca0: 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 sumes the offset\n+00020cb0: 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2e20 2049 6620 7468 is zero. If th\n+00020cc0: 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 0a69 7320 6f6d 6974 e length.is omit\n+00020cd0: 7465 642c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2061 ted, then GRUB a\n+00020ce0: 7373 756d 6573 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b ssumes the block\n+00020cf0: 206c 6973 7420 6578 7465 6e64 7320 756e list extends un\n+00020d00: 7469 6c20 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 0a74 til the end of.t\n+00020d10: 6865 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 204c he device... L\n+00020d20: 696b 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d ike the file nam\n+00020d30: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 e syntax (*note \n+00020d40: 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 File name syntax\n+00020d50: 3a3a 292c 2069 6620 6120 626c 6f63 6b6c ::), if a blockl\n+00020d60: 6973 740a 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e ist.does not con\n+00020d70: 7461 696e 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 tain a device na\n+00020d80: 6d65 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 7573 me, then GRUB us\n+00020d90: 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 e280 9c72 6f6f es GRUB's ...roo\n+00020da0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 e280 9d2e 2020 536f t device.... So\n+00020db0: 0ae2 8098 2868 6430 2c32 292b 31e2 8099 ....(hd0,2)+1...\n+00020dc0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 is the same as \n+00020dd0: e280 982b 31e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 7468 ...+1... when th\n+00020de0: 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 e root device is\n+00020df0: 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c32 29e2 8099 2e0a ...(hd0,2).....\n+00020e00: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00020e10: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 fo, Node: Inter\n+00020e20: 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2045 6e76 face, Next: Env\n+00020e30: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a ironment, Prev:\n+00020e40: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 5570 Filesystem, Up\n+00020e50: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3420 4752 5542 2773 : Top..14 GRUB's\n+00020e60: 2075 7365 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a user interface.\n 00020e70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00020e80: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 6173 2062 ****..GRUB has b\n-00020e90: 6f74 6820 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e oth a simple men\n-00020ea0: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 666f 7220 u interface for \n-00020eb0: 6368 6f6f 7369 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 choosing preset \n-00020ec0: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a63 entries from a.c\n-00020ed0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00020ee0: 652c 2061 6e64 2061 2068 6967 686c 7920 e, and a highly \n-00020ef0: 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 flexible command\n-00020f00: 2d6c 696e 6520 666f 7220 7065 7266 6f72 -line for perfor\n-00020f10: 6d69 6e67 0a61 6e79 2064 6573 6972 6564 ming.any desired\n-00020f20: 2063 6f6d 6269 6e61 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 combination of \n-00020f30: 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a boot commands...\n-00020f40: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6c6f 6f6b 7320 666f GRUB looks fo\n-00020f50: 7220 6974 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 r its configurat\n-00020f60: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2061 7320 736f 6f6e ion file as soon\n-00020f70: 2061 7320 6974 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 as it is loaded\n-00020f80: 2e20 2049 660a 6f6e 6520 6973 2066 6f75 . If.one is fou\n-00020f90: 6e64 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2066 756c nd, then the ful\n-00020fa0: 6c20 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 l menu interface\n-00020fb0: 2069 7320 6163 7469 7661 7465 6420 7573 is activated us\n-00020fc0: 696e 6720 7768 6174 6576 6572 0a65 6e74 ing whatever.ent\n-00020fd0: 7269 6573 2077 6572 6520 666f 756e 6420 ries were found \n-00020fe0: 696e 2074 6865 2066 696c 652e 2020 4966 in the file. 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This is becau\n-00021880: 7365 2054 4654 5020 646f 6573 6e27 7420 se TFTP doesn't \n-00021890: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6669 6c65 206e 616d support file nam\n-000218a0: 6520 6c69 7374 696e 6720 666f 720a 7468 e listing for.th\n-000218b0: 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 e security.....F\n-000218c0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000218d0: 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c Node: Command-l\n-000218e0: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652d 466f ine interface-Fo\n-000218f0: 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f otnotes, Up: Co\n-00021900: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n-00021910: 6661 6365 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2048 6f77 face.. (1) How\n-00021920: 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6973 2062 6568 6176 ever, this behav\n-00021930: 696f 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6368 616e ior will be chan\n-00021940: 6765 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 ged in the futur\n-00021950: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a 6120 e version, in.a \n-00021960: 7573 6572 2d69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2077 user-invisible w\n-00021970: 6179 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ay.....File: gru\n-00021980: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d b.info, Node: M\n-00021990: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 enu interface, \n-000219a0: 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 Next: Menu entry\n-000219b0: 2065 6469 746f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 editor, Prev: \n-000219c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 Command-line int\n-000219d0: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 erface, Up: Int\n-000219e0: 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 3134 2e32 2054 6865 erface..14.2 The\n-000219f0: 2073 696d 706c 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 simple menu int\n-00021a00: 6572 6661 6365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d erface.=========\n+000211e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2063 6f6d =======..The com\n+000211f0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n+00021200: 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2070 ace provides a p\n+00021210: 726f 6d70 7420 616e 6420 6166 7465 7220 rompt and after \n+00021220: 6974 2061 6e20 6564 6974 6162 6c65 0a74 it an editable.t\n+00021230: 6578 7420 6172 6561 206d 7563 6820 6c69 ext area much li\n+00021240: 6b65 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e ke a command-lin\n+00021250: 6520 696e 2055 6e69 7820 6f72 2044 4f53 e in Unix or DOS\n+00021260: 2e20 4561 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 . Each command i\n+00021270: 730a 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 6578 s.immediately ex\n+00021280: 6563 7574 6564 2061 6674 6572 2069 7420 ecuted after it \n+00021290: 6973 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2831 2920 282a is entered(1) (*\n+000212a0: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e note Command-lin\n+000212b0: 650a 696e 7465 7266 6163 652d 466f 6f74 e.interface-Foot\n+000212c0: 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6520 note-1::). The \n+000212d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 commands (*note \n+000212e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 Commands::) are \n+000212f0: 6120 7375 6273 6574 0a6f 6620 7468 6f73 a subset.of thos\n+00021300: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2074 e available in t\n+00021310: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he configuration\n+00021320: 2066 696c 652c 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 file, used with\n+00021330: 2065 7861 6374 6c79 2074 6865 2073 616d exactly the sam\n+00021340: 650a 7379 6e74 6178 2e0a 0a20 2020 4375 e.syntax... Cu\n+00021350: 7273 6f72 206d 6f76 656d 656e 7420 616e rsor movement an\n+00021360: 6420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 d editing of the\n+00021370: 2074 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206c 696e text on the lin\n+00021380: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 7669 e can be done vi\n+00021390: 6120 610a 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 7468 a a.subset of th\n+000213a0: 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6176 6169 e functions avai\n+000213b0: 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2074 6865 2042 6173 lable in the Bas\n+000213c0: 6820 7368 656c 6c3a 0a0a 3c43 2d66 3e0a h shell:...\n+000213d0: 3c50 4320 7269 6768 7420 6b65 793e 0a20 . \n+000213e0: 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2066 6f72 7761 7264 Move forward\n+000213f0: 206f 6e65 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a one character..\n+00021400: 0a3c 432d 623e 0a3c 5043 206c 6566 7420 ... Move b\n+00021420: 6163 6b20 6f6e 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 ack one characte\n+00021430: 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d61 3e0a 3c48 4f4d 453e r....\n+00021440: 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2074 6f20 7468 . Move to th\n+00021450: 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c e start of the l\n+00021460: 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d65 3e0a 3c45 4e44 ine..... Move the \n+00021480: 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 206c the end of the l\n+00021490: 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d64 3e0a 3c44 454c ine..... Delete th\n+000214b0: 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 756e 6465 e character unde\n+000214c0: 726e 6561 7468 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f rneath the curso\n+000214d0: 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d68 3e0a 3c42 533e 0a20 r..... \n+000214e0: 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 2074 6865 2063 Delete the c\n+000214f0: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 haracter to the \n+00021500: 6c65 6674 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7273 left of the curs\n+00021510: 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6b3e 0a20 2020 2020 or.... \n+00021520: 4b69 6c6c 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 6672 Kill the text fr\n+00021530: 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2063 om the current c\n+00021540: 7572 736f 7220 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 2074 ursor position t\n+00021550: 6f20 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 o the end of the\n+00021560: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d . line.... Kill bac\n+00021580: 6b77 6172 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 kward from the c\n+00021590: 7572 736f 7220 746f 2074 6865 2062 6567 ursor to the beg\n+000215a0: 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 inning of the li\n+000215b0: 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 793e 0a20 2020 2020 ne.... \n+000215c0: 5961 6e6b 2074 6865 206b 696c 6c65 6420 Yank the killed \n+000215d0: 7465 7874 2062 6163 6b20 696e 746f 2074 text back into t\n+000215e0: 6865 2062 7566 6665 7220 6174 2074 6865 he buffer at the\n+000215f0: 2063 7572 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d70 3e0a cursor....\n+00021600: 3c50 4320 7570 206b 6579 3e0a 2020 2020 . \n+00021610: 204d 6f76 6520 7570 2074 6872 6f75 6768 Move up through\n+00021620: 2074 6865 2068 6973 746f 7279 206c 6973 the history lis\n+00021630: 742e 0a0a 3c43 2d6e 3e0a 3c50 4320 646f t..... Mov\n+00021650: 6520 646f 776e 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 e down through t\n+00021660: 6865 2068 6973 746f 7279 206c 6973 742e he history list.\n+00021670: 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7479 7069 6e67 .. When typing\n+00021680: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 7465 7261 commands intera\n+00021690: 6374 6976 656c 792c 2069 6620 7468 6520 ctively, if the \n+000216a0: 6375 7273 6f72 2069 7320 7769 7468 696e cursor is within\n+000216b0: 206f 7220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 or before.the f\n+000216c0: 6972 7374 2077 6f72 6420 696e 2074 6865 irst word in the\n+000216d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652c 2070 command-line, p\n+000216e0: 7265 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 3c54 4142 ressing the key (or )\n+00021700: 0a77 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6120 .will display a \n+00021710: 6c69 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2061 listing of the a\n+00021720: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 vailable command\n+00021730: 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7468 6520 6375 s, and if the cu\n+00021740: 7273 6f72 2069 730a 6166 7465 7220 7468 rsor is.after th\n+00021750: 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2c20 7468 e first word, th\n+00021760: 6520 e280 983c 5441 423e e280 9920 7769 e ...... wi\n+00021770: 6c6c 2070 726f 7669 6465 2061 2063 6f6d ll provide a com\n+00021780: 706c 6574 696f 6e20 6c69 7374 696e 6720 pletion listing \n+00021790: 6f66 0a64 6973 6b73 2c20 7061 7274 6974 of.disks, partit\n+000217a0: 696f 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 206e ions, and file n\n+000217b0: 616d 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f ames depending o\n+000217c0: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6e74 6578 742e 2020 n the context. \n+000217d0: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 740a 746f 206f 6274 Note that.to obt\n+000217e0: 6169 6e20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6472 ain a list of dr\n+000217f0: 6976 6573 2c20 6f6e 6520 6d75 7374 206f ives, one must o\n+00021800: 7065 6e20 6120 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7369 pen a parenthesi\n+00021810: 732c 2061 7320 e280 9872 6f6f 7420 28e2 s, as ...root (.\n+00021820: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 ..... Note tha\n+00021830: 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e6e 6f74 2075 7365 t you cannot use\n+00021840: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 the completion \n+00021850: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 696e functionality in\n+00021860: 2074 6865 2054 4654 500a 6669 6c65 7379 the TFTP.filesy\n+00021870: 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2062 stem. This is b\n+00021880: 6563 6175 7365 2054 4654 5020 646f 6573 ecause TFTP does\n+00021890: 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6669 6c65 n't support file\n+000218a0: 206e 616d 6520 6c69 7374 696e 6720 666f name listing fo\n+000218b0: 720a 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 2e0a r.the security..\n+000218c0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000218d0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 fo, Node: Comma\n+000218e0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n+000218f0: 652d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 e-Footnotes, Up\n+00021900: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 : Command-line i\n+00021910: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 nterface.. (1)\n+00021920: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6973 2062 However, this b\n+00021930: 6568 6176 696f 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ehavior will be \n+00021940: 6368 616e 6765 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 changed in the f\n+00021950: 7574 7572 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 2069 uture version, i\n+00021960: 6e0a 6120 7573 6572 2d69 6e76 6973 6962 n.a user-invisib\n+00021970: 6c65 2077 6179 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a le way.....File:\n+00021980: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00021990: 653a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 e: Menu interfac\n+000219a0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 6e75 2065 e, Next: Menu e\n+000219b0: 6e74 7279 2065 6469 746f 722c 2020 5072 ntry editor, Pr\n+000219c0: 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ev: Command-line\n+000219d0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a interface, Up:\n+000219e0: 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 3134 2e32 Interface..14.2\n+000219f0: 2054 6865 2073 696d 706c 6520 6d65 6e75 The simple menu\n+00021a00: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d interface.=====\n 00021a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 206d 656e 7520 =====..The menu \n-00021a30: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 2071 7569 interface is qui\n-00021a40: 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f 2075 7365 2e20 te easy to use. \n-00021a50: 2049 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 Its commands ar\n-00021a60: 6520 626f 7468 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c e both.reasonabl\n-00021a70: 7920 696e 7475 6974 6976 6520 616e 6420 y intuitive and \n-00021a80: 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6f6e 2073 6372 described on scr\n-00021a90: 6565 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2042 6173 6963 616c een... Basical\n-00021aa0: 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 ly, the menu int\n-00021ab0: 6572 6661 6365 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 erface provides \n-00021ac0: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 e280 9c62 6f6f a list of ...boo\n-00021ad0: 7420 656e 7472 6965 73e2 809d 2074 6f0a t entries... to.\n-00021ae0: 7468 6520 7573 6572 2074 6f20 6368 6f6f the user to choo\n-00021af0: 7365 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 5573 6520 7468 se from. Use th\n-00021b00: 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 2074 6f20 e arrow keys to \n-00021b10: 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2065 6e74 7279 select the entry\n-00021b20: 206f 660a 6368 6f69 6365 2c20 7468 656e of.choice, then\n-00021b30: 2070 7265 7373 203c 5245 543e 2074 6f20 press to \n-00021b40: 7275 6e20 6974 2e20 2041 6e20 6f70 7469 run it. An opti\n-00021b50: 6f6e 616c 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 onal timeout is \n-00021b60: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 0a62 6f6f available to.boo\n-00021b70: 7420 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e t the default en\n-00021b80: 7472 7920 2874 6865 2066 6972 7374 206f try (the first o\n-00021b90: 6e65 2069 6620 6e6f 7420 7365 7429 2c20 ne if not set), \n-00021ba0: 7768 6963 6820 6973 2061 626f 7274 6564 which is aborted\n-00021bb0: 2062 790a 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 6e79 by.pressing any\n-00021bc0: 206b 6579 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 6d6d 616e key... Comman\n-00021bd0: 6473 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ds are available\n-00021be0: 2074 6f20 656e 7465 7220 6120 6261 7265 to enter a bare\n-00021bf0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6279 command-line by\n-00021c00: 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c63 3e0a 2877 pressing .(w\n-00021c10: 6869 6368 206f 7065 7261 7465 7320 6578 hich operates ex\n-00021c20: 6163 746c 7920 6c69 6b65 2074 6865 206e actly like the n\n-00021c30: 6f6e 2d63 6f6e 6669 672d 6669 6c65 2076 on-config-file v\n-00021c40: 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 4752 5542 2c20 ersion of GRUB, \n-00021c50: 6275 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 206f 6e65 2074 but.allows one t\n-00021c60: 6f20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 o return to the \n-00021c70: 6d65 6e75 2069 6620 6465 7369 7265 6420 menu if desired \n-00021c80: 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c45 5343 by pressing ) or to.edit an\n-00021ca0: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 y of the ...boot\n-00021cb0: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 e280 9d20 6279 2070 entries... by p\n-00021cc0: 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c65 3e2e 0a0a 2020 ressing ... \n-00021cd0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7072 6f74 6563 7420 If you protect \n-00021ce0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 the menu interfa\n-00021cf0: 6365 2077 6974 6820 6120 7061 7373 776f ce with a passwo\n-00021d00: 7264 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 rd (*note Securi\n-00021d10: 7479 3a3a 292c 0a61 6c6c 2079 6f75 2063 ty::),.all you c\n-00021d20: 616e 2064 6f20 6973 2063 686f 6f73 6520 an do is choose \n-00021d30: 616e 2065 6e74 7279 2062 7920 7072 6573 an entry by pres\n-00021d40: 7369 6e67 203c 5245 543e 2c20 6f72 2070 sing , or p\n-00021d50: 7265 7373 203c 703e 2074 6f0a 656e 7465 ress

to.ente\n-00021d60: 7220 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e0a r the password..\n-00021d70: 0a20 2020 5072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 4374 . Pressing will refre\n-00021d90: 7368 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2077 6869 sh the menu, whi\n-00021da0: 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c ch can be useful\n-00021db0: 2077 6865 6e0a 636f 6e6e 6563 7469 6e67 when.connecting\n-00021dc0: 2076 6961 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6166 7465 via serial afte\n-00021dd0: 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2068 6173 2062 r the menu has b\n-00021de0: 6565 6e20 6472 6177 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 een drawn.....Fi\n-00021df0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00021e00: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 Node: Menu entry\n-00021e10: 2065 6469 746f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 editor, Prev: \n-00021e20: 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 Menu interface, \n-00021e30: 2055 703a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a Up: Interface..\n-00021e40: 3134 2e33 2045 6469 7469 6e67 2061 206d 14.3 Editing a m\n-00021e50: 656e 7520 656e 7472 790a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d enu entry.======\n+00021a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 206d =========..The m\n+00021a30: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 enu interface is\n+00021a40: 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f 2075 quite easy to u\n+00021a50: 7365 2e20 2049 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 se. Its command\n+00021a60: 7320 6172 6520 626f 7468 0a72 6561 736f s are both.reaso\n+00021a70: 6e61 626c 7920 696e 7475 6974 6976 6520 nably intuitive \n+00021a80: 616e 6420 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6f6e and described on\n+00021a90: 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2042 6173 screen... Bas\n+00021aa0: 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 ically, the menu\n+00021ab0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2070 726f 7669 interface provi\n+00021ac0: 6465 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 e280 des a list of ..\n+00021ad0: 9c62 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 73e2 809d .boot entries...\n+00021ae0: 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 7573 6572 2074 6f20 to.the user to \n+00021af0: 6368 6f6f 7365 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 5573 choose from. Us\n+00021b00: 6520 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 e the arrow keys\n+00021b10: 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2065 to select the e\n+00021b20: 6e74 7279 206f 660a 6368 6f69 6365 2c20 ntry of.choice, \n+00021b30: 7468 656e 2070 7265 7373 203c 5245 543e then press \n+00021b40: 2074 6f20 7275 6e20 6974 2e20 2041 6e20 to run it. An \n+00021b50: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 696d 656f 7574 optional timeout\n+00021b60: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f is available to\n+00021b70: 0a62 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c .boot the defaul\n+00021b80: 7420 656e 7472 7920 2874 6865 2066 6972 t entry (the fir\n+00021b90: 7374 206f 6e65 2069 6620 6e6f 7420 7365 st one if not se\n+00021ba0: 7429 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2061 626f t), which is abo\n+00021bb0: 7274 6564 2062 790a 7072 6573 7369 6e67 rted by.pressing\n+00021bc0: 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f any key... Co\n+00021bd0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c mmands are avail\n+00021be0: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 656e 7465 7220 6120 able to enter a \n+00021bf0: 6261 7265 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e bare command-lin\n+00021c00: 6520 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c63 e by pressing .(which operate\n+00021c20: 7320 6578 6163 746c 7920 6c69 6b65 2074 s exactly like t\n+00021c30: 6865 206e 6f6e 2d63 6f6e 6669 672d 6669 he non-config-fi\n+00021c40: 6c65 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 4752 le version of GR\n+00021c50: 5542 2c20 6275 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 206f UB, but.allows o\n+00021c60: 6e65 2074 6f20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6f20 ne to return to \n+00021c70: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6620 6465 7369 the menu if desi\n+00021c80: 7265 6420 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 red by pressing \n+00021c90: 3c45 5343 3e29 206f 7220 746f 0a65 6469 ) or to.edi\n+00021ca0: 7420 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 20e2 809c t any of the ...\n+00021cb0: 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 e280 9d20 boot entries... \n+00021cc0: 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c65 3e2e by pressing .\n+00021cd0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7072 6f74 .. If you prot\n+00021ce0: 6563 7420 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 ect the menu int\n+00021cf0: 6572 6661 6365 2077 6974 6820 6120 7061 erface with a pa\n+00021d00: 7373 776f 7264 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 ssword (*note Se\n+00021d10: 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 292c 0a61 6c6c 2079 curity::),.all y\n+00021d20: 6f75 2063 616e 2064 6f20 6973 2063 686f ou can do is cho\n+00021d30: 6f73 6520 616e 2065 6e74 7279 2062 7920 ose an entry by \n+00021d40: 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 5245 543e 2c20 pressing , \n+00021d50: 6f72 2070 7265 7373 203c 703e 2074 6f0a or press

to.\n+00021d60: 656e 7465 7220 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f enter the passwo\n+00021d70: 7264 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 6573 7369 6e67 rd... Pressing\n+00021d80: 203c 4374 726c 2d6c 3e20 7769 6c6c 2072 will r\n+00021d90: 6566 7265 7368 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c efresh the menu,\n+00021da0: 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 which can be us\n+00021db0: 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e0a 636f 6e6e 6563 eful when.connec\n+00021dc0: 7469 6e67 2076 6961 2073 6572 6961 6c20 ting via serial \n+00021dd0: 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2068 after the menu h\n+00021de0: 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6472 6177 6e2e 0a0a as been drawn...\n+00021df0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00021e00: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2065 o, Node: Menu e\n+00021e10: 6e74 7279 2065 6469 746f 722c 2020 5072 ntry editor, Pr\n+00021e20: 6576 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ev: Menu interfa\n+00021e30: 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 ce, Up: Interfa\n+00021e40: 6365 0a0a 3134 2e33 2045 6469 7469 6e67 ce..14.3 Editing\n+00021e50: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 790a 3d3d a menu entry.==\n 00021e60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021e70: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e ===..The menu en\n-00021e80: 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 206c 6f6f 6b73 try editor looks\n-00021e90: 206d 7563 6820 6c69 6b65 2074 6865 206d much like the m\n-00021ea0: 6169 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ain menu interfa\n-00021eb0: 6365 2c20 6275 7420 7468 650a 6c69 6e65 ce, but the.line\n-00021ec0: 7320 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6172 s in the menu ar\n-00021ed0: 6520 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c 2063 6f6d e individual com\n-00021ee0: 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2074 6865 2073 656c mands in the sel\n-00021ef0: 6563 7465 6420 656e 7472 7920 696e 7374 ected entry inst\n-00021f00: 6561 640a 6f66 2065 6e74 7279 206e 616d ead.of entry nam\n-00021f10: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2061 6e20 3c45 es... If an is pressed i\n-00021f30: 6e20 7468 6520 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 6974 n the editor, it\n-00021f40: 2061 626f 7274 7320 616c 6c20 7468 6520 aborts all the \n-00021f50: 6368 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 0a74 6f20 changes made.to \n-00021f60: 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f the configuratio\n-00021f70: 6e20 656e 7472 7920 616e 6420 7265 7475 n entry and retu\n-00021f80: 726e 7320 746f 2074 6865 206d 6169 6e20 rns to the main \n-00021f90: 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e0a menu interface..\n-00021fa0: 0a20 2020 4561 6368 206c 696e 6520 696e . Each line in\n-00021fb0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 the menu entry \n-00021fc0: 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6469 7465 6420 6672 can be edited fr\n-00021fd0: 6565 6c79 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 6361 eely, and you ca\n-00021fe0: 6e20 6164 6420 6e65 770a 6c69 6e65 7320 n add new.lines \n-00021ff0: 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c52 4554 by pressing at the end of \n-00022010: 6120 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6f20 626f 6f74 a line. To boot\n-00022020: 2074 6865 2065 6469 7465 6420 656e 7472 the edited entr\n-00022030: 792c 0a70 7265 7373 203c 4374 726c 2d78 y,.press ... Although \n-00022050: 4752 5542 2075 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 GRUB unfortunate\n-00022060: 6c79 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 ly does not supp\n-00022070: 6f72 7420 e280 9c75 6e64 6fe2 809d 2c20 ort ...undo..., \n-00022080: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 646f 0a61 6c6d 6f73 you can do.almos\n-00022090: 7420 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2074 6869 6e67 t the same thing\n-000220a0: 2062 7920 6a75 7374 2072 6574 7572 6e69 by just returni\n-000220b0: 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 696e 206d ng to the main m\n-000220c0: 656e 7520 7573 696e 6720 3c45 5343 3e2e enu using .\n-000220d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000220e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 456e 7669 nfo, Node: Envi\n-000220f0: 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ronment, Next: \n-00022100: 4d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 Modules, Prev: \n-00022110: 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 Interface, Up: \n-00022120: 546f 700a 0a31 3520 4752 5542 2065 6e76 Top..15 GRUB env\n-00022130: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00022140: 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a es.*************\n+00021e70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 206d 656e =======..The men\n+00021e80: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 206c u entry editor l\n+00021e90: 6f6f 6b73 206d 7563 6820 6c69 6b65 2074 ooks much like t\n+00021ea0: 6865 206d 6169 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 he main menu int\n+00021eb0: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 6275 7420 7468 650a erface, but the.\n+00021ec0: 6c69 6e65 7320 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e lines in the men\n+00021ed0: 7520 6172 6520 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c u are individual\n+00021ee0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2074 6865 commands in the\n+00021ef0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 656e 7472 7920 selected entry \n+00021f00: 696e 7374 6561 640a 6f66 2065 6e74 7279 instead.of entry\n+00021f10: 206e 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2061 names... If a\n+00021f20: 6e20 3c45 5343 3e20 6973 2070 7265 7373 n is press\n+00021f30: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6564 6974 6f72 ed in the editor\n+00021f40: 2c20 6974 2061 626f 7274 7320 616c 6c20 , it aborts all \n+00021f50: 7468 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 the changes made\n+00021f60: 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 .to the configur\n+00021f70: 6174 696f 6e20 656e 7472 7920 616e 6420 ation entry and \n+00021f80: 7265 7475 726e 7320 746f 2074 6865 206d returns to the m\n+00021f90: 6169 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ain menu interfa\n+00021fa0: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4561 6368 206c 696e ce... Each lin\n+00021fb0: 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e e in the menu en\n+00021fc0: 7472 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6469 7465 try can be edite\n+00021fd0: 6420 6672 6565 6c79 2c20 616e 6420 796f d freely, and yo\n+00021fe0: 7520 6361 6e20 6164 6420 6e65 770a 6c69 u can add new.li\n+00021ff0: 6e65 7320 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 nes by pressing \n+00022000: 3c52 4554 3e20 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 at the end\n+00022010: 206f 6620 6120 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6f20 of a line. To \n+00022020: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2065 6469 7465 6420 boot the edited \n+00022030: 656e 7472 792c 0a70 7265 7373 203c 4374 entry,.press ... 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\n+00022710: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 net_default_inte\n+00022720: 7266 6163 653a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 rface::.* net_de\n+00022730: 6661 756c 745f 6970 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 fault_ip::.* net\n+00022740: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 3a3a 0a2a _default_mac::.*\n+00022750: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 net_default_ser\n+00022760: 7665 723a 3a0a 2a20 7061 6765 723a 3a0a ver::.* pager::.\n+00022770: 2a20 7072 6566 6978 3a3a 0a2a 2070 7865 * prefix::.* pxe\n+00022780: 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 3a3a 0a2a 2070 7865 _blksize::.* pxe\n+00022790: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 _default_gateway\n+000227a0: 3a3a 0a2a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ::.* pxe_default\n+000227b0: 5f73 6572 7665 723a 3a0a 2a20 726f 6f74 _server::.* root\n+000227c0: 3a3a 0a2a 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 3a3a ::.* shim_lock::\n+000227d0: 0a2a 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 733a 3a0a .* superusers::.\n+000227e0: 2a20 7468 656d 653a 3a0a 2a20 7469 6d65 * theme::.* time\n+000227f0: 6f75 743a 3a0a 2a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f out::.* timeout_\n+00022800: 7374 796c 653a 3a0a 2a20 7470 6d5f 6661 style::.* tpm_fa\n+00022810: 696c 5f66 6174 616c 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 il_fatal::....Fi\n+00022820: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00022830: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6269 6f73 6e75 6d2c 2020 Node: biosnum, \n+00022840: 4e65 7874 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e Next: check_sign\n+00022850: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 atures, Up: Spe\n+00022860: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00022870: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00022880: 2e31 2062 696f 736e 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .1 biosnum.-----\n+00022890: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a57 6865 6e20 ---------..When \n+000228a0: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e chain-loading an\n+000228b0: 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 other boot loade\n+000228c0: 7220 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6861 696e 2d6c r (*note Chain-l\n+000228d0: 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 oading::), GRUB \n+000228e0: 6d61 790a 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6b6e 6f77 may.need to know\n+000228f0: 2077 6861 7420 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 what BIOS drive\n+00022900: 206e 756d 6265 7220 636f 7272 6573 706f number correspo\n+00022910: 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 nds to the root \n+00022920: 6465 7669 6365 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 726f device.(*note ro\n+00022930: 6f74 3a3a 2920 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 ot::) so that it\n+00022940: 2063 616e 2073 6574 2075 7020 7265 6769 can set up regi\n+00022950: 7374 6572 7320 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2e20 sters properly. \n+00022960: 2049 6620 7468 6520 4249 4f53 4e55 4d0a If the BIOSNUM.\n+00022970: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c variable is set,\n+00022980: 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 4752 it overrides GR\n+00022990: 5542 2773 206f 776e 206d 6561 6e73 206f UB's own means o\n+000229a0: 6620 6775 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6869 732e f guessing this.\n+000229b0: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2061 6e20 616c 7465 .. For an alte\n+000229c0: 726e 6174 6976 6520 6170 7072 6f61 6368 rnative approach\n+000229d0: 2077 6869 6368 2061 6c73 6f20 6368 616e which also chan\n+000229e0: 6765 7320 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206d ges BIOS drive m\n+000229f0: 6170 7069 6e67 730a 666f 7220 7468 6520 appings.for the \n+00022a00: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2073 7973 chain-loaded sys\n+00022a10: 7465 6d2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 7269 7665 tem, *note drive\n+00022a20: 6d61 703a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 map::.....File: \n+00022a30: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00022a40: 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 : check_signatur\n+00022a50: 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 686f 7365 es, Next: chose\n+00022a60: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6269 6f73 6e75 n, Prev: biosnu\n+00022a70: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 m, Up: Special \n+00022a80: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00022a90: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3220 6368 ables..15.1.2 ch\n+00022aa0: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 0a2d eck_signatures.-\n 00022ab0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00022ac0: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n-00022ad0: 6520 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 2077 6865 7468 e controls wheth\n-00022ae0: 6572 2047 5255 4220 656e 666f 7263 6573 er GRUB enforces\n-00022af0: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n-00022b00: 7265 0a76 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e re.validation on\n-00022b10: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6669 6c65 732e 2020 loaded files. \n-00022b20: 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 *Note Using digi\n-00022b30: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a tal signatures::\n-00022b40: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00022b50: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 686f info, Node: cho\n-00022b60: 7365 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6470 sen, Next: cmdp\n-00022b70: 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6563 ath, Prev: chec\n-00022b80: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 k_signatures, U\n-00022b90: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00022ba0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00022bb0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 2063 686f 7365 6e0a ..15.1.3 chosen.\n-00022bc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a57 -------------..W\n-00022bd0: 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 6120 hen executing a \n-00022be0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 4752 5542 menu entry, GRUB\n-00022bf0: 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 4348 4f53 454e sets the CHOSEN\n-00022c00: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 variable to the\n-00022c10: 2074 6974 6c65 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 656e title.of the en\n-00022c20: 7472 7920 6265 696e 6720 6578 6563 7574 try being execut\n-00022c30: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2074 6865 206d ed... If the m\n-00022c40: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2069 6e20 enu entry is in \n-00022c50: 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 7375 626d one or more subm\n-00022c60: 656e 7573 2c20 7468 656e 2043 484f 5345 enus, then CHOSE\n-00022c70: 4e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 N is set to.the \n-00022c80: 7469 746c 6573 206f 6620 6561 6368 206f titles of each o\n-00022c90: 6620 7468 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 2073 f the submenus s\n-00022ca0: 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 tarting from the\n-00022cb0: 2074 6f70 206c 6576 656c 2066 6f6c 6c6f top level follo\n-00022cc0: 7765 640a 6279 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 wed.by the title\n-00022cd0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 of the menu ent\n-00022ce0: 7279 2069 7473 656c 662c 2073 6570 6172 ry itself, separ\n-00022cf0: 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 983e e280 992e ated by ...>....\n-00022d00: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00022d10: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6470 nfo, Node: cmdp\n-00022d20: 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6c6f ath, Next: colo\n-00022d30: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5072 r_highlight, Pr\n-00022d40: 6576 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 2055 703a ev: chosen, Up:\n-00022d50: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00022d60: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00022d70: 3135 2e31 2e34 2063 6d64 7061 7468 0a2d 15.1.4 cmdpath.-\n-00022d80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n-00022d90: 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6672 6f6d he location from\n-00022da0: 2077 6869 6368 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 which ...core.i\n-00022db0: 6d67 e280 9920 7761 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 mg... was loaded\n-00022dc0: 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 as an absolute \n-00022dd0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 6e61 6d65 2028 directory.name (\n-00022de0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 *note File name \n-00022df0: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 syntax::). This\n-00022e00: 2069 7320 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 is set by GRUB \n-00022e10: 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 6564 at startup based\n-00022e20: 0a6f 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 .on information \n-00022e30: 7265 7475 726e 6564 2062 7920 706c 6174 returned by plat\n-00022e40: 666f 726d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 form firmware. \n-00022e50: 4e6f 7420 6576 6572 7920 706c 6174 666f Not every platfo\n-00022e60: 726d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 7468 6973 rm.provides this\n-00022e70: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 information and\n-00022e80: 2073 6f6d 6520 6d61 7920 7265 7475 726e some may return\n-00022e90: 206f 6e6c 7920 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 only device wit\n-00022ea0: 686f 7574 2070 6174 680a 6e61 6d65 2e0a hout path.name..\n-00022eb0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00022ec0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c 6f72 fo, Node: color\n-00022ed0: 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 204e 6578 _highlight, Nex\n-00022ee0: 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c t: color_normal,\n-00022ef0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6470 6174 682c Prev: cmdpath,\n-00022f00: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00022f10: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00022f20: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3520 636f 6c6f les..15.1.5 colo\n-00022f30: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 740a 2d2d 2d2d r_highlight.----\n+00022ac0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n+00022ad0: 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 2077 iable controls w\n+00022ae0: 6865 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 656e 666f hether GRUB enfo\n+00022af0: 7263 6573 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 rces digital sig\n+00022b00: 6e61 7475 7265 0a76 616c 6964 6174 696f nature.validatio\n+00022b10: 6e20 6f6e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6669 6c65 n on loaded file\n+00022b20: 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 s. *Note Using \n+00022b30: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n+00022b40: 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 es::.....File: g\n+00022b50: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00022b60: 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 chosen, Next: \n+00022b70: 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 cmdpath, Prev: \n+00022b80: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+00022b90: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00022ba0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00022bb0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 2063 686f bles..15.1.3 cho\n+00022bc0: 7365 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sen.------------\n+00022bd0: 2d0a 0a57 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 696e -..When executin\n+00022be0: 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 g a menu entry, \n+00022bf0: 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 4348 GRUB sets the CH\n+00022c00: 4f53 454e 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f OSEN variable to\n+00022c10: 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 0a6f 6620 7468 the title.of th\n+00022c20: 6520 656e 7472 7920 6265 696e 6720 6578 e entry being ex\n+00022c30: 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2074 ecuted... If t\n+00022c40: 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 he menu entry is\n+00022c50: 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 in one or more \n+00022c60: 7375 626d 656e 7573 2c20 7468 656e 2043 submenus, then C\n+00022c70: 484f 5345 4e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a HOSEN is set to.\n+00022c80: 7468 6520 7469 746c 6573 206f 6620 6561 the titles of ea\n+00022c90: 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 626d 656e ch of the submen\n+00022ca0: 7573 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d us starting from\n+00022cb0: 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206c 6576 656c 2066 the top level f\n+00022cc0: 6f6c 6c6f 7765 640a 6279 2074 6865 2074 ollowed.by the t\n+00022cd0: 6974 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 itle of the menu\n+00022ce0: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7473 656c 662c 2073 entry itself, s\n+00022cf0: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 983e eparated by ...>\n+00022d00: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n+00022d10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00022d20: 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 cmdpath, Next: \n+00022d30: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c color_highlight,\n+00022d40: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 Prev: chosen, \n+00022d50: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00022d60: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00022d70: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 2063 6d64 7061 es..15.1.4 cmdpa\n+00022d80: 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d th.-------------\n+00022d90: 2d0a 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 -..The location \n+00022da0: 6672 6f6d 2077 6869 6368 20e2 8098 636f from which ...co\n+00022db0: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7761 7320 6c6f re.img... was lo\n+00022dc0: 6164 6564 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c aded as an absol\n+00022dd0: 7574 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 6e61 ute directory.na\n+00022de0: 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e me (*note File n\n+00022df0: 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 ame syntax::). \n+00022e00: 5468 6973 2069 7320 7365 7420 6279 2047 This is set by G\n+00022e10: 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 RUB at startup b\n+00022e20: 6173 6564 0a6f 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 ased.on informat\n+00022e30: 696f 6e20 7265 7475 726e 6564 2062 7920 ion returned by \n+00022e40: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 platform firmwar\n+00022e50: 652e 2020 4e6f 7420 6576 6572 7920 706c e. Not every pl\n+00022e60: 6174 666f 726d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 atform.provides \n+00022e70: 7468 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e this information\n+00022e80: 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6d61 7920 7265 and some may re\n+00022e90: 7475 726e 206f 6e6c 7920 6465 7669 6365 turn only device\n+00022ea0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2070 6174 680a 6e61 without path.na\n+00022eb0: 6d65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 me.....File: gru\n+00022ec0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+00022ed0: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 olor_highlight, \n+00022ee0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 Next: color_nor\n+00022ef0: 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6470 mal, Prev: cmdp\n+00022f00: 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ath, Up: Specia\n+00022f10: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00022f20: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3520 riables..15.1.5 \n+00022f30: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 740a color_highlight.\n 00022f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00022f50: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n-00022f60: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2022 e contains the \"\n-00022f70: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7422 2066 6f72 6567 highlight\" foreg\n-00022f80: 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 round and backgr\n-00022f90: 6f75 6e64 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 636f ound.terminal co\n-00022fa0: 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 lors, separated \n-00022fb0: 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f by a slash (.../\n-00022fc0: e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 ...). Setting t\n-00022fd0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a63 6861 his variable.cha\n-00022fe0: 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 nges those color\n-00022ff0: 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 s. For the avai\n-00023000: 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 lable color name\n-00023010: 732c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e s, *note.color_n\n-00023020: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 ormal::... The\n-00023030: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9862 default is ...b\n-00023040: 6c61 636b 2f6c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 79e2 lack/light-gray.\n-00023050: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n-00023060: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-00023070: 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 olor_normal, Ne\n-00023080: 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 xt: config_direc\n-00023090: 746f 7279 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6c tory, Prev: col\n-000230a0: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2055 or_highlight, U\n-000230b0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-000230c0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-000230d0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e36 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e ..15.1.6 color_n\n-000230e0: 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ormal.----------\n-000230f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 ---------..This \n-00023100: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e variable contain\n-00023110: 7320 7468 6520 226e 6f72 6d61 6c22 2066 s the \"normal\" f\n-00023120: 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 oreground and ba\n-00023130: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ckground termina\n-00023140: 6c0a 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 7061 7261 l.colors, separa\n-00023150: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 ted by a slash (\n-00023160: e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 .../...). Setti\n-00023170: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ng this variable\n-00023180: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 0a63 changes those.c\n-00023190: 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 4561 6368 2063 6f6c olors. Each col\n-000231a0: 6f72 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e 616d or must be a nam\n-000231b0: 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f e from the follo\n-000231c0: 7769 6e67 206c 6973 743a 0a0a 2020 20e2 wing list:.. .\n-000231d0: 80a2 2062 6c61 636b 0a20 2020 e280 a220 .. black. ... \n-000231e0: 626c 7565 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6772 6565 blue. ... gree\n-000231f0: 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 7961 6e0a 2020 n. ... cyan. \n-00023200: 20e2 80a2 2072 6564 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ... red. ... \n-00023210: 6d61 6765 6e74 610a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 magenta. ... b\n-00023220: 726f 776e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 rown. ... ligh\n-00023230: 742d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6461 t-gray. ... da\n-00023240: 726b 2d67 7261 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c rk-gray. ... l\n-00023250: 6967 6874 2d62 6c75 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 ight-blue. ...\n-00023260: 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7265 656e 0a20 2020 light-green. \n-00023270: e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6379 616e 0a20 ... light-cyan. \n-00023280: 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 7265 640a ... light-red.\n-00023290: 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d6d 6167 ... light-mag\n-000232a0: 656e 7461 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7965 6c6c enta. ... yell\n-000232b0: 6f77 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7768 6974 650a ow. ... white.\n-000232c0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 . The default \n-000232d0: 6973 20e2 8098 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 is ...light-gray\n-000232e0: 2f62 6c61 636b e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 /black...... T\n-000232f0: 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 he color support\n-00023300: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2076 6172 6965 7320 support varies \n-00023310: 6672 6f6d 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 746f from terminal to\n-00023320: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 terminal... .\n-00023330: 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2068 6173 206e ..morse... has n\n-00023340: 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 o color support \n-00023350: 6174 2061 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 986d at all... ...m\n-00023360: 6461 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2063 6f6c 6f72 da_text... color\n-00023370: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 support is limi\n-00023380: 7465 6420 746f 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 ted to highlight\n-00023390: 696e 6720 6279 2062 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 ing by black/whi\n-000233a0: 7465 0a72 6576 6572 7361 6c2e 0a0a 2020 te.reversal... \n-000233b0: 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 206f ...console... o\n-000233c0: 6e20 4152 432c 2045 4d55 2061 6e64 2049 n ARC, EMU and I\n-000233d0: 4545 4531 3237 352c 20e2 8098 7365 7269 EEE1275, ...seri\n-000233e0: 616c 5f2a e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9873 al_*... and ...s\n-000233f0: 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2061 7265 0a67 pkmodem... are.g\n-00023400: 6f76 6572 6e65 6420 6279 2074 6572 6d69 overned by termi\n-00023410: 6e66 6f20 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 nfo and support \n-00023420: 6f6e 6c79 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6966 only 8 colors if\n-00023430: 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 7320 e280 9876 7431 in modes ...vt1\n-00023440: 3030 2d63 6f6c 6f72 e280 990a 2864 6566 00-color....(def\n-00023450: 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 ault for console\n-00023460: 206f 6e20 656d 7529 2c20 e280 9861 7263 on emu), ...arc\n-00023470: e280 9920 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 ... (default for\n-00023480: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 4152 4329 console on ARC)\n-00023490: 2c0a e280 9869 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 ,....ieee1275...\n-000234a0: 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f (default for co\n-000234b0: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2049 4545 4531 3237 nsole on IEEE127\n-000234c0: 3529 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 696e 206d 6f64 5). When in mod\n-000234d0: 6520 e280 9876 7431 3030 e280 9920 7468 e ...vt100... th\n-000234e0: 656e 0a74 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 en.the color sup\n-000234f0: 706f 7274 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 port is limited \n-00023500: 746f 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 696e 6720 to highlighting \n-00023510: 6279 2062 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 7465 2072 by black/white r\n-00023520: 6576 6572 7361 6c2e 0a57 6865 6e20 696e eversal..When in\n-00023530: 206d 6f64 6520 e280 9864 756d 62e2 8099 mode ...dumb...\n-00023540: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c there is no col\n-00023550: 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e0a 0a20 2020 or support... \n-00023560: 5768 656e 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 7570 When console sup\n-00023570: 706f 7274 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 ports no colors \n-00023580: 7468 6973 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7320 this setting is \n-00023590: 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 2020 5768 656e 0a63 ignored. When.c\n-000235a0: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 onsole supports \n-000235b0: 3820 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7468 656e 2074 8 colors, then t\n-000235c0: 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 he colors from t\n-000235d0: 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 6861 6c66 206f he second half o\n-000235e0: 6620 7468 650a 7072 6576 696f 7573 206c f the.previous l\n-000235f0: 6973 7420 6172 6520 6d61 7070 6564 2074 ist are mapped t\n-00023600: 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2063 o the matching c\n-00023610: 6f6c 6f72 7320 6f66 2066 6972 7374 2068 olors of first h\n-00023620: 616c 662e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 alf... ...cons\n-00023630: 6f6c 65e2 8099 206f 6e20 4546 4920 616e ole... on EFI an\n-00023640: 6420 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7667 d BIOS and ...vg\n-00023650: 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 7375 7070 6f72 a_text... suppor\n-00023660: 7420 616c 6c20 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e t all 16 colors.\n-00023670: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 .. ...gfxterm.\n-00023680: 8099 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 616c 6c20 .. supports all \n-00023690: 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 616e 6420 776f 16 colors and wo\n-000236a0: 756c 6420 6265 2074 6865 6f72 6574 6963 uld be theoretic\n-000236b0: 616c 6c79 0a65 7874 656e 6461 626c 6520 ally.extendable \n-000236c0: 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2077 686f 6c65 to support whole\n-000236d0: 2072 6762 3234 2070 616c 6574 7465 2062 rgb24 palette b\n-000236e0: 7574 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 6865 ut currently the\n-000236f0: 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7065 6c6c re is no.compell\n-00023700: 696e 6720 7265 6173 6f6e 2074 6f20 676f ing reason to go\n-00023710: 2062 6579 6f6e 6420 7468 6520 6375 7272 beyond the curr\n-00023720: 656e 7420 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 0a0a ent 16 colors...\n-00023730: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00023740: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 o, Node: config\n-00023750: 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 204e 6578 _directory, Nex\n-00023760: 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 t: config_file, \n-00023770: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 Prev: color_nor\n-00023780: 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 mal, Up: Specia\n-00023790: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-000237a0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3720 riables..15.1.7 \n-000237b0: 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 config_directory\n-000237c0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-000237d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n-000237e0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 7574 6f6d ariable is autom\n-000237f0: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 atically set by \n-00023800: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 GRUB to the dire\n-00023810: 6374 6f72 7920 7061 7274 206f 660a 6375 ctory part of.cu\n-00023820: 7272 656e 7420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 rrent configurat\n-00023830: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a ion file name (*\n-00023840: 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 note config_file\n-00023850: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-00023860: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00023870: 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 4e65 config_file, Ne\n-00023880: 7874 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 5072 6576 xt: debug, Prev\n-00023890: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f : config_directo\n-000238a0: 7279 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ry, Up: Special\n-000238b0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-000238c0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e38 2063 iables..15.1.8 c\n-000238d0: 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d onfig_file.-----\n-000238e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n-000238f0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n-00023900: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 automatically se\n-00023910: 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 t by GRUB to the\n-00023920: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 name of configu\n-00023930: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6520 7468 6174 ration.file that\n-00023940: 2069 7320 6265 696e 6720 7072 6f63 6573 is being proces\n-00023950: 7365 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 sed by commands \n-00023960: e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ...configfile...\n-00023970: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6e66 6967 6669 (*note.configfi\n-00023980: 6c65 3a3a 2920 6f72 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d le::) or ...norm\n-00023990: 616c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 al... (*note nor\n-000239a0: 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 mal::). It is r\n-000239b0: 6573 746f 7265 6420 746f 2074 6865 0a70 estored to the.p\n-000239c0: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 6520 7768 revious value wh\n-000239d0: 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c en command compl\n-000239e0: 6574 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 etes.....File: g\n-000239f0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00023a00: 2064 6562 7567 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 debug, Next: d\n-00023a10: 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 efault, Prev: c\n-00023a20: 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a onfig_file, Up:\n-00023a30: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00023a40: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00023a50: 3135 2e31 2e39 2064 6562 7567 0a2d 2d2d 15.1.9 debug.---\n-00023a60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 ---------..This \n-00023a70: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 variable may be \n-00023a80: 7365 7420 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6465 set to enable de\n-00023a90: 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 7574 2066 bugging output f\n-00023aa0: 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 730a 636f 6d70 rom various.comp\n-00023ab0: 6f6e 656e 7473 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 onents of GRUB. \n-00023ac0: 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2061 6e20 The value is an \n-00023ad0: 6f72 6465 7265 6420 6c69 7374 206f 6620 ordered list of \n-00023ae0: 6465 6275 6720 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e debug facility n\n-00023af0: 616d 6573 0a73 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ames.separated b\n-00023b00: 7920 7768 6974 6573 7061 6365 206f 7220 y whitespace or \n-00023b10: e280 982c e280 992e 2020 4966 2074 6865 ...,.... If the\n-00023b20: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2066 6163 696c 6974 special facilit\n-00023b30: 7920 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9861 6c6c e280 y named ...all..\n-00023b40: 9920 6973 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 2074 6865 . is.present the\n-00023b50: 6e20 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 n debugging outp\n-00023b60: 7574 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6661 6369 6c69 ut of all facili\n-00023b70: 7479 206e 616d 6573 2069 7320 656e 6162 ty names is enab\n-00023b80: 6c65 6420 6174 2074 6865 0a73 7461 7274 led at the.start\n-00023b90: 206f 6620 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2074 of processing t\n-00023ba0: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6973 he value of this\n-00023bb0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 652e 2020 4120 6661 variable. A fa\n-00023bc0: 6369 6c69 7479 2773 2064 6562 7567 0a6f cility's debug.o\n-00023bd0: 7574 7075 7420 6361 6e20 7468 656e 2062 utput can then b\n-00023be0: 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 7072 e disabled by pr\n-00023bf0: 6566 6978 696e 6720 6974 7320 6e61 6d65 efixing its name\n-00023c00: 2077 6974 6820 6120 e280 982d e280 992e with a ...-....\n-00023c10: 2020 5468 6520 6c61 7374 0a6f 6363 7572 The last.occur\n-00023c20: 656e 6365 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 ence facility na\n-00023c30: 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6f72 2077 6974 686f me with or witho\n-00023c40: 7574 2061 206c 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 ut a leading ...\n-00023c50: 2de2 8099 2074 616b 6573 2070 7265 6365 -... takes prece\n-00023c60: 6e64 656e 740a 6f76 6572 2061 6e79 2070 ndent.over any p\n-00023c70: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6f63 6375 7265 6e63 revious occurenc\n-00023c80: 652e 2020 5468 6973 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 e. This allows \n-00023c90: 7468 6520 6561 7379 2065 6e61 626c 696e the easy enablin\n-00023ca0: 6720 6f72 2064 6973 6162 6c69 6e67 0a6f g or disabling.o\n-00023cb0: 6620 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 2062 7920 f facilities by \n-00023cc0: 6170 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6120 e280 982c appending a ...,\n-00023cd0: e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 656e 2074 6865 ... and then the\n-00023ce0: 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 2077 facility name w\n-00023cf0: 6974 6820 6f72 0a77 6974 686f 7574 2074 ith or.without t\n-00023d00: 6865 206c 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 2de2 he leading ...-.\n-00023d10: 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7769 6c6c 2070 .., which will p\n-00023d20: 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 7374 6174 reserve the stat\n-00023d30: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 e of the rest of\n-00023d40: 0a74 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 732e .the facilities.\n-00023d50: 2020 5468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e The facility n\n-00023d60: 616d 6573 2061 7265 2074 6865 2066 6972 ames are the fir\n-00023d70: 7374 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 0a67 st argument to.g\n-00023d80: 7275 625f 6470 7269 6e74 662e 2020 436f rub_dprintf. Co\n-00023d90: 6e73 756c 7420 7468 6520 736f 7572 6365 nsult the source\n-00023da0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c for more detail\n-00023db0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00023dc0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 .info, Node: de\n-00023dd0: 6661 756c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6661 fault, Next: fa\n-00023de0: 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 llback, Prev: d\n-00023df0: 6562 7567 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 ebug, Up: Speci\n-00023e00: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00023e10: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 ariables..15.1.1\n-00023e20: 3020 6465 6661 756c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0 default.------\n-00023e30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n-00023e40: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n-00023e50: 6574 2c20 6974 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 et, it identifie\n-00023e60: 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2074 s a menu entry t\n-00023e70: 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 7365 hat should be.se\n-00023e80: 6c65 6374 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c lected by defaul\n-00023e90: 742c 2070 6f73 7369 626c 7920 6166 7465 t, possibly afte\n-00023ea0: 7220 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 282a 6e6f r a timeout (*no\n-00023eb0: 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 292e 2020 te timeout::). \n-00023ec0: 5468 650a 656e 7472 7920 6d61 7920 6265 The.entry may be\n-00023ed0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 206e identified by n\n-00023ee0: 756d 6265 7220 2873 7461 7274 696e 6720 umber (starting \n-00023ef0: 6672 6f6d 2030 2061 7420 6561 6368 206c from 0 at each l\n-00023f00: 6576 656c 206f 6620 7468 650a 6869 6572 evel of the.hier\n-00023f10: 6172 6368 7929 2c20 6279 2074 6974 6c65 archy), by title\n-00023f20: 2c20 6f72 2062 7920 6964 2e0a 0a20 2020 , or by id... \n-00023f30: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 For example, if \n-00023f40: 796f 7520 6861 7665 3a0a 0a6d 656e 7565 you have:..menue\n-00023f50: 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 474e ntry 'Example GN\n-00023f60: 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 U/Linux distribu\n-00023f70: 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 676e tion' --class gn\n-00023f80: 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 u-linux --id exa\n-00023f90: 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 207b mple-gnu-linux {\n-00023fa0: 0a09 2e2e 2e0a 7d0a 0a20 2020 7468 656e ......}.. then\n-00023fb0: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 7468 you can make th\n-00023fc0: 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2075 is the default u\n-00023fd0: 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 sing:.. defa\n-00023fe0: 756c 743d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d ult=example-gnu-\n-00023ff0: 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 4966 2074 6865 linux.. If the\n-00024000: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e 2061 2073 entry is in a s\n-00024010: 7562 6d65 6e75 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 ubmenu, then it \n-00024020: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 must be identifi\n-00024030: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a6e 756d ed using the.num\n-00024040: 6265 722c 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2069 ber, title, or i\n-00024050: 6420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 d of each of the\n-00024060: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 6172 7469 submenus starti\n-00024070: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 746f 700a ng from the top.\n-00024080: 6c65 7665 6c2c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 level, followed \n-00024090: 6279 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 by the number, t\n-000240a0: 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2069 6420 6f66 2074 itle, or id of t\n-000240b0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6974 he menu entry it\n-000240c0: 7365 6c66 2c0a 7769 7468 2065 6163 6820 self,.with each \n-000240d0: 656c 656d 656e 7420 7365 7061 7261 7465 element separate\n-000240e0: 6420 6279 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 2e20 2046 d by ...>.... F\n-000240f0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7461 6b65 or example, take\n-00024100: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a6d the following.m\n-00024110: 656e 7520 7374 7275 6374 7572 653a 0a0a enu structure:..\n-00024120: 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6420 2d2d GNU/Hurd --\n-00024130: 6964 2067 6e75 2d68 7572 640a 2020 2020 id gnu-hurd. \n-00024140: 2020 2053 7461 6e64 6172 6420 426f 6f74 Standard Boot\n-00024150: 202d 2d69 643d 676e 752d 6875 7264 2d73 --id=gnu-hurd-s\n-00024160: 7464 0a20 2020 2020 2020 5265 7363 7565 td. Rescue\n-00024170: 2073 6865 6c6c 202d 2d69 643d 676e 752d shell --id=gnu-\n-00024180: 6875 7264 2d72 6573 6375 650a 2020 2020 hurd-rescue. \n-00024190: 204f 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 Other platforms\n-000241a0: 202d 2d69 643d 6f74 6865 720a 2020 2020 --id=other. \n-000241b0: 2020 204d 696e 6978 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 Minix --id=mi\n-000241c0: 6e69 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 nix. Ver\n-000241d0: 7369 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 202d 2d69 643d sion 3.4.0 --id=\n-000241e0: 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 342e 300a 2020 2020 minix-3.4.0. \n-000241f0: 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e33 Version 3.3\n-00024200: 2e30 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 782d 332e .0 --id=minix-3.\n-00024210: 332e 300a 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 3.0. GRUB \n-00024220: 496e 7661 6465 7273 202d 2d69 643d 6772 Invaders --id=gr\n-00024230: 7562 2d69 6e76 6164 6572 730a 0a20 2020 ub-invaders.. \n-00024240: 5468 6520 6d6f 7265 2072 6563 656e 7420 The more recent \n-00024250: 7265 6c65 6173 6520 6f66 204d 696e 6978 release of Minix\n-00024260: 2077 6f75 6c64 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2069 would then be i\n-00024270: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6173 20e2 8098 dentified as ...\n-00024280: 4f74 6865 720a 706c 6174 666f 726d 733e Other.platforms>\n-00024290: 4d69 6e69 783e 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e Minix>Version 3.\n-000242a0: 342e 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 e280 4.0..., or as ..\n-000242b0: 9831 3e30 3e30 e280 992c 206f 7220 6173 .1>0>0..., or as\n-000242c0: 0ae2 8098 6f74 6865 723e 6d69 6e69 783e ....other>minix>\n-000242d0: 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 342e 30e2 8099 2e0a minix-3.4.0.....\n-000242e0: 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c . This variabl\n-000242f0: 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 e is often set b\n-00024300: 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c y ...GRUB_DEFAUL\n-00024310: 54e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 T... (*note Simp\n-00024320: 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le.configuration\n-00024330: 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6574 ::), ...grub-set\n-00024340: 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 992c 206f 7220 -default..., or \n-00024350: e280 9867 7275 622d 7265 626f 6f74 e280 ...grub-reboot..\n-00024360: 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ......File: grub\n-00024370: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 .info, Node: fa\n-00024380: 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 llback, Next: g\n-00024390: 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 fxmode, Prev: d\n-000243a0: 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 efault, Up: Spe\n-000243b0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-000243c0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-000243d0: 2e31 3120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 0a2d 2d2d .11 fallback.---\n-000243e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n-000243f0: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n-00024400: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2069 6465 6e74 is set, it ident\n-00024410: 6966 6965 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ifies a menu ent\n-00024420: 7279 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 ry that should b\n-00024430: 650a 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 6620 7468 e.selected if th\n-00024440: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 e default menu e\n-00024450: 6e74 7279 2066 6169 6c73 2074 6f20 626f ntry fails to bo\n-00024460: 6f74 2e20 2045 6e74 7269 6573 2061 7265 ot. Entries are\n-00024470: 0a69 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 696e 2074 .identified in t\n-00024480: 6865 2073 616d 6520 7761 7920 6173 2066 he same way as f\n-00024490: 6f72 20e2 8098 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 or ...default...\n-000244a0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6465 6661 756c 743a (*note default:\n-000244b0: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n-000244c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 b.info, Node: g\n-000244d0: 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 fxmode, Next: g\n-000244e0: 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 5072 6576 fxpayload, Prev\n-000244f0: 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2055 703a : fallback, Up:\n-00024500: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00024510: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00024520: 3135 2e31 2e31 3220 6766 786d 6f64 650a 15.1.12 gfxmode.\n-00024530: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00024540: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n-00024550: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2073 6574 e is set, it set\n-00024560: 7320 7468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e s the resolution\n-00024570: 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 used on the ...\n-00024580: 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 0a67 7261 7068 gfxterm....graph\n-00024590: 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 ical terminal. \n-000245a0: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 Note that you ca\n-000245b0: 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 206d 6f64 6573 n only use modes\n-000245c0: 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 720a 6772 6170 which your.grap\n-000245d0: 6869 6373 2063 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 hics card suppor\n-000245e0: 7473 2076 6961 2056 4553 4120 4249 4f53 ts via VESA BIOS\n-000245f0: 2045 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 2856 4245 Extensions (VBE\n-00024600: 292c 2073 6f20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c ), so for exampl\n-00024610: 650a 6e61 7469 7665 204c 4344 2070 616e e.native LCD pan\n-00024620: 656c 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e73 206d el resolutions m\n-00024630: 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 ay not be availa\n-00024640: 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c ble. The defaul\n-00024650: 7420 6973 0ae2 8098 6175 746f e280 992c t is....auto...,\n-00024660: 2077 6869 6368 2073 656c 6563 7473 2061 which selects a\n-00024670: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 platform-specif\n-00024680: 6963 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2074 6861 7420 ic default that \n-00024690: 7368 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f 6b0a 7265 6173 should look.reas\n-000246a0: 6f6e 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 onable. Support\n-000246b0: 6564 206d 6f64 6573 2063 616e 2062 6520 ed modes can be \n-000246c0: 6c69 7374 6564 2062 7920 e280 9876 6964 listed by ...vid\n-000246d0: 656f 696e 666f e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e eoinfo... comman\n-000246e0: 6420 696e 0a47 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2054 d in.GRUB... T\n-000246f0: 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6d61 he resolution ma\n-00024700: 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 y be specified a\n-00024710: 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 s a sequence of \n-00024720: 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f 6465 one or more mode\n-00024730: 732c 0a73 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 s,.separated by \n-00024740: 636f 6d6d 6173 2028 e280 982c e280 9929 commas (...,...)\n-00024750: 206f 7220 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2028 or semicolons (\n-00024760: e280 983b e280 9929 3b20 6561 6368 2077 ...;...); each w\n-00024770: 696c 6c20 6265 2074 7269 6564 2069 6e0a ill be tried in.\n-00024780: 7475 726e 2075 6e74 696c 206f 6e65 2069 turn until one i\n-00024790: 7320 666f 756e 642e 2020 4561 6368 206d s found. Each m\n-000247a0: 6f64 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6569 ode should be ei\n-000247b0: 7468 6572 20e2 8098 6175 746f e280 992c ther ...auto...,\n-000247c0: 0ae2 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 ....WIDTHxHEIGHT\n-000247d0: e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 9857 4944 5448 ..., or ...WIDTH\n-000247e0: 7848 4549 4748 5478 4445 5054 48e2 8099 xHEIGHTxDEPTH...\n-000247f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00024800: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 info, Node: gfx\n-00024810: 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 payload, Next: \n-00024820: 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 2050 gfxterm_font, P\n-00024830: 7265 763a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 rev: gfxmode, U\n-00024840: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00024850: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00024860: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3320 6766 7870 6179 ..15.1.13 gfxpay\n-00024870: 6c6f 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d load.-----------\n-00024880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n-00024890: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n-000248a0: 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 , it controls th\n-000248b0: 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2069 6e20 e video mode in \n-000248c0: 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 780a which the Linux.\n-000248d0: 6b65 726e 656c 2073 7461 7274 7320 7570 kernel starts up\n-000248e0: 2c20 7265 706c 6163 696e 6720 7468 6520 , replacing the \n-000248f0: e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2062 6f6f 7420 ...vga=... boot \n-00024900: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 option (*note li\n-00024910: 6e75 783a 3a29 2e20 2049 740a 6d61 7920 nux::). It.may \n-00024920: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 6578 be set to ...tex\n-00024930: 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 666f 7263 6520 7468 t... to force th\n-00024940: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2074 e Linux kernel t\n-00024950: 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c o boot in normal\n-00024960: 2074 6578 740a 6d6f 6465 2c20 e280 986b text.mode, ...k\n-00024970: 6565 70e2 8099 2074 6f20 7072 6573 6572 eep... to preser\n-00024980: 7665 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 ve the graphics \n-00024990: 6d6f 6465 2073 6574 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 mode set using .\n-000249a0: 8098 6766 786d 6f64 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 ..gfxmode..., or\n-000249b0: 2061 6e79 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 7065 726d any.of the perm\n-000249c0: 6974 7465 6420 7661 6c75 6573 2066 6f72 itted values for\n-000249d0: 20e2 8098 6766 786d 6f64 65e2 8099 2074 ...gfxmode... t\n-000249e0: 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c o set a particul\n-000249f0: 6172 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 ar graphics mode\n-00024a00: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 6766 786d 6f64 653a .(*note gfxmode:\n-00024a10: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4465 7065 6e64 696e :)... Dependin\n-00024a20: 6720 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c g on your kernel\n-00024a30: 2c20 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 , your distribut\n-00024a40: 696f 6e2c 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 ion, your graphi\n-00024a50: 6373 2063 6172 642c 2061 6e64 0a74 6865 cs card, and.the\n-00024a60: 2070 6861 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f phase of the mo\n-00024a70: 6f6e 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7573 on, note that us\n-00024a80: 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ing this option \n-00024a90: 6d61 7920 6361 7573 6520 474e 552f 4c69 may cause GNU/Li\n-00024aa0: 6e75 780a 746f 2073 7566 6665 7220 6672 nux.to suffer fr\n-00024ab0: 6f6d 2076 6172 696f 7573 2064 6973 706c om various displ\n-00024ac0: 6179 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2070 6172 ay problems, par\n-00024ad0: 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 6475 7269 6e67 ticularly during\n-00024ae0: 2074 6865 2065 6172 6c79 0a70 6172 7420 the early.part \n-00024af0: 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 of the boot sequ\n-00024b00: 656e 6365 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 ence. If you ha\n-00024b10: 7665 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2073 6574 ve problems, set\n-00024b20: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 this variable t\n-00024b30: 6f0a e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2061 6e64 o....text... and\n-00024b40: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2074 656c 6c20 GRUB will tell \n-00024b50: 4c69 6e75 7820 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e Linux to boot in\n-00024b60: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 normal text mod\n-00024b70: 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 e... The defau\n-00024b80: 6c74 2069 7320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 lt is platform-s\n-00024b90: 7065 6369 6669 632e 2020 4f6e 2070 6c61 pecific. On pla\n-00024ba0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6120 6e61 tforms with a na\n-00024bb0: 7469 7665 2074 6578 740a 6d6f 6465 2028 tive text.mode (\n-00024bc0: 7375 6368 2061 7320 5043 2042 494f 5320 such as PC BIOS \n-00024bd0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7329 2c20 7468 6520 platforms), the \n-00024be0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 7465 default is ...te\n-00024bf0: 7874 e280 992e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 xt.... Otherwis\n-00024c00: 6520 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d61 e the.default ma\n-00024c10: 7920 6265 20e2 8098 6175 746f e280 9920 y be ...auto... \n-00024c20: 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7669 or a specific vi\n-00024c30: 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 deo mode... Th\n-00024c40: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f is variable is o\n-00024c50: 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 ften set by ...G\n-00024c60: 5255 425f 4746 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c RUB_GFXPAYLOAD_L\n-00024c70: 494e 5558 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 INUX... (*note S\n-00024c80: 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple.configurat\n-00024c90: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ion::).....File:\n-00024ca0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00024cb0: 653a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c e: gfxterm_font,\n-00024cc0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 Next: grub_cpu\n-00024cd0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 7061 796c , Prev: gfxpayl\n-00024ce0: 6f61 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 oad, Up: Specia\n-00024cf0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00024d00: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3134 riables..15.1.14\n-00024d10: 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 740a 2d2d gfxterm_font.--\n-00024d20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024d30: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n-00024d40: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 able is set, it \n-00024d50: 6e61 6d65 7320 6120 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 names a font to \n-00024d60: 7573 6520 666f 7220 7465 7874 206f 6e20 use for text on \n-00024d70: 7468 650a e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 the....gfxterm..\n-00024d80: 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d . graphical term\n-00024d90: 696e 616c 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 inal. Otherwise\n-00024da0: 2c20 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 , ...gfxterm... \n-00024db0: 6d61 7920 7573 6520 616e 790a 6176 6169 may use any.avai\n-00024dc0: 6c61 626c 6520 666f 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 lable font.....F\n-00024dd0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00024de0: 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f 6370 752c Node: grub_cpu,\n-00024df0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 Next: grub_pla\n-00024e00: 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 tform, Prev: gf\n-00024e10: 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 2055 703a xterm_font, Up:\n-00024e20: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00024e30: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00024e40: 3135 2e31 2e31 3520 6772 7562 5f63 7075 15.1.15 grub_cpu\n-00024e50: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00024e60: 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 -..In normal mod\n-00024e70: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a e (*note normal:\n-00024e80: 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 :), GRUB sets th\n-00024e90: 6520 e280 9867 7275 625f 6370 75e2 8099 e ...grub_cpu...\n-00024ea0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 0a74 6865 variable to.the\n-00024eb0: 2043 5055 2074 7970 6520 666f 7220 7768 CPU type for wh\n-00024ec0: 6963 6820 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 7569 ich GRUB was bui\n-00024ed0: 6c74 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 9869 3338 lt (e.g. ...i38\n-00024ee0: 36e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9870 6f77 6572 6... or ...power\n-00024ef0: 7063 e280 9929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a pc...).....File:\n-00024f00: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00024f10: 653a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d e: grub_platform\n-00024f20: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 , Next: icondir\n-00024f30: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 7275 625f 6370 , Prev: grub_cp\n-00024f40: 752c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 u, Up: Special \n-00024f50: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00024f60: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3136 2067 ables..15.1.16 g\n-00024f70: 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 0a2d 2d2d rub_platform.---\n-00024f80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024f90: 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f --..In normal mo\n-00024fa0: 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c de (*note normal\n-00024fb0: 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 ::), GRUB sets t\n-00024fc0: 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 he ...grub_platf\n-00024fd0: 6f72 6de2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a orm... variable.\n-00024fe0: 746f 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 to the platform \n-00024ff0: 666f 7220 7768 6963 6820 4752 5542 2077 for which GRUB w\n-00025000: 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2028 652e 672e 2020 as built (e.g. \n-00025010: e280 9870 63e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9865 ...pc... or ...e\n-00025020: 6669 e280 9929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a fi...).....File:\n-00025030: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00025040: 653a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 204e 6578 e: icondir, Nex\n-00025050: 743a 206c 616e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: lang, Prev: \n-00025060: 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 grub_platform, \n-00025070: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00025080: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00025090: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3137 2069 636f 6e64 s..15.1.17 icond\n-000250a0: 6972 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ir.-------------\n-000250b0: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n-000250c0: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 able is set, it \n-000250d0: 6e61 6d65 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 names a director\n-000250e0: 7920 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 2047 y in which the G\n-000250f0: 5255 420a 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 RUB.graphical me\n-00025100: 6e75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b 2066 nu should look f\n-00025110: 6f72 2069 636f 6e73 2061 6674 6572 206c or icons after l\n-00025120: 6f6f 6b69 6e67 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7468 ooking in the th\n-00025130: 656d 6527 730a e280 9869 636f 6e73 e280 eme's....icons..\n-00025140: 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 2020 2a4e . directory. *N\n-00025150: 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 ote Theme file f\n-00025160: 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ormat::.....File\n-00025170: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00025180: 6465 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: lang, Next:\n-00025190: 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 5072 locale_dir, Pr\n-000251a0: 6576 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 5570 ev: icondir, Up\n-000251b0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-000251c0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-000251d0: 0a31 352e 312e 3138 206c 616e 670a 2d2d .15.1.18 lang.--\n-000251e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 ----------..If t\n-000251f0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n-00025200: 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 set, it names th\n-00025210: 6520 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6f64 6520 e language code \n-00025220: 7468 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6765 7474 that the ...gett\n-00025230: 6578 74e2 8099 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 ext....command (\n-00025240: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 7474 6578 743a 3a29 *note gettext::)\n-00025250: 2075 7365 7320 746f 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 uses to transla\n-00025260: 7465 2073 7472 696e 6773 2e20 2046 6f72 te strings. For\n-00025270: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 4672 656e 6368 example,.French\n-00025280: 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 would be named \n-00025290: 6173 20e2 8098 6672 e280 992c 2061 6e64 as ...fr..., and\n-000252a0: 2053 696d 706c 6966 6965 6420 4368 696e Simplified Chin\n-000252b0: 6573 6520 6173 20e2 8098 7a68 5f43 4ee2 ese as ...zh_CN.\n-000252c0: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d ..... ...grub-\n-000252d0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f mkconfig... (*no\n-000252e0: 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple config\n-000252f0: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 696c 6c20 uration::) will \n-00025300: 7472 7920 746f 2073 6574 2061 0a72 6561 try to set a.rea\n-00025310: 736f 6e61 626c 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 sonable default \n-00025320: 666f 7220 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c for this variabl\n-00025330: 6520 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 e based on the s\n-00025340: 7973 7465 6d20 6c6f 6361 6c65 2e0a 0a1f ystem locale....\n-00025350: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00025360: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 616c 655f , Node: locale_\n-00025370: 6469 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 636b dir, Next: lock\n-00025380: 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 616e down, Prev: lan\n-00025390: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 g, Up: Special \n-000253a0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-000253b0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3139 206c ables..15.1.19 l\n-000253c0: 6f63 616c 655f 6469 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ocale_dir.------\n-000253d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n-000253e0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n-000253f0: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 s set, it names \n-00025400: 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 the directory wh\n-00025410: 6572 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 ere translation \n-00025420: 6669 6c65 730a 6d61 7920 6265 2066 6f75 files.may be fou\n-00025430: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 7474 6578 nd (*note gettex\n-00025440: 743a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 e280 t::), usually ..\n-00025450: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6c6f 6361 ./boot/grub/loca\n-00025460: 6c65 e280 992e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 le.... Otherwis\n-00025470: 652c 0a69 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c e,.international\n-00025480: 697a 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2064 6973 6162 ization is disab\n-00025490: 6c65 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 led... ...grub\n-000254a0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e -mkconfig... (*n\n-000254b0: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 ote Simple confi\n-000254c0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 6c6c guration::) will\n-000254d0: 2073 6574 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c set a reasonabl\n-000254e0: 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 7468 e.default for th\n-000254f0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6966 2069 is variable if i\n-00025500: 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 697a 6174 nternationalizat\n-00025510: 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6565 6465 6420 616e ion is needed an\n-00025520: 6420 616e 790a 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f d any.translatio\n-00025530: 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 n files are avai\n-00025540: 6c61 626c 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 lable.....File: \n-00025550: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00025560: 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 204e 6578 : lockdown, Nex\n-00025570: 743a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 t: menu_color_hi\n-00025580: 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ghlight, Prev: \n-00025590: 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 2055 703a locale_dir, Up:\n-000255a0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-000255b0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-000255c0: 3135 2e31 2e32 3020 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 15.1.20 lockdown\n-000255d0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-000255e0: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n-000255f0: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ble is set to ..\n-00025600: 9879 e280 992c 2069 7420 6d65 616e 7320 .y..., it means \n-00025610: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 656e that GRUB has en\n-00025620: 7465 7265 6420 2a6e 6f74 650a 4c6f 636b tered *note.Lock\n-00025630: 646f 776e 3a3a 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a down:: mode.....\n-00025640: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00025650: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c Node: menu_col\n-00025660: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 204e or_highlight, N\n-00025670: 6578 743a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f ext: menu_color_\n-00025680: 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c normal, Prev: l\n-00025690: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ockdown, Up: Sp\n-000256a0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-000256b0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-000256c0: 312e 3231 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 1.21 menu_color_\n-000256d0: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d highlight.------\n+00022f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n+00022f60: 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 iable contains t\n+00022f70: 6865 2022 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7422 2066 he \"highlight\" f\n+00022f80: 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 oreground and ba\n+00022f90: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 ckground.termina\n+00022fa0: 6c20 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 7061 7261 l colors, separa\n+00022fb0: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 ted by a slash (\n+00022fc0: e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 .../...). Setti\n+00022fd0: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ng this variable\n+00022fe0: 0a63 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 .changes those c\n+00022ff0: 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 olors. For the \n+00023000: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 available color \n+00023010: 6e61 6d65 732c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6c names, *note.col\n+00023020: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 or_normal::... \n+00023030: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n+00023040: e280 9862 6c61 636b 2f6c 6967 6874 2d67 ...black/light-g\n+00023050: 7261 79e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ray........File:\n+00023060: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00023070: 653a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c e: color_normal,\n+00023080: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 Next: config_d\n+00023090: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 2050 7265 763a irectory, Prev:\n+000230a0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 color_highlight\n+000230b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+000230c0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000230d0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e36 2063 6f6c bles..15.1.6 col\n+000230e0: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d or_normal.------\n+000230f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n+00023100: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e his variable con\n+00023110: 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 226e 6f72 6d61 tains the \"norma\n+00023120: 6c22 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e l\" foreground an\n+00023130: 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2074 6572 d background ter\n+00023140: 6d69 6e61 6c0a 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 minal.colors, se\n+00023150: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 parated by a sla\n+00023160: 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 sh (.../...). S\n+00023170: 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 etting this vari\n+00023180: 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f able changes tho\n+00023190: 7365 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 4561 6368 se.colors. Each\n+000231a0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 color must be a\n+000231b0: 206e 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 name from the f\n+000231c0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206c 6973 743a 0a0a ollowing list:..\n+000231d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6c61 636b 0a20 2020 ... black. \n+000231e0: e280 a220 626c 7565 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ... blue. ... \n+000231f0: 6772 6565 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 7961 green. ... cya\n+00023200: 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2072 6564 0a20 2020 n. ... red. \n+00023210: e280 a220 6d61 6765 6e74 610a 2020 20e2 ... magenta. .\n+00023220: 80a2 2062 726f 776e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 .. brown. ... \n+00023230: 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 e280 light-gray. ..\n+00023240: a220 6461 726b 2d67 7261 790a 2020 20e2 . dark-gray. .\n+00023250: 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d62 6c75 650a 2020 .. light-blue. \n+00023260: 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7265 656e ... light-green\n+00023270: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6379 . ... light-cy\n+00023280: 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d an. ... light-\n+00023290: 7265 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 red. ... light\n+000232a0: 2d6d 6167 656e 7461 0a20 2020 e280 a220 -magenta. ... \n+000232b0: 7965 6c6c 6f77 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7768 yellow. ... wh\n+000232c0: 6974 650a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ite.. The defa\n+000232d0: 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 6c69 6768 742d ult is ...light-\n+000232e0: 6772 6179 2f62 6c61 636b e280 992e 0a0a gray/black......\n+000232f0: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 The color sup\n+00023300: 706f 7274 2073 7570 706f 7274 2076 6172 port support var\n+00023310: 6965 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ies from termina\n+00023320: 6c20 746f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a l to terminal...\n+00023330: 2020 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2068 ...morse... h\n+00023340: 6173 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 as no color supp\n+00023350: 6f72 7420 6174 2061 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 ort at all... \n+00023360: e280 986d 6461 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2063 ...mda_text... c\n+00023370: 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 olor support is \n+00023380: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2068 6967 686c limited to highl\n+00023390: 6967 6874 696e 6720 6279 2062 6c61 636b ighting by black\n+000233a0: 2f77 6869 7465 0a72 6576 6572 7361 6c2e /white.reversal.\n+000233b0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 .. ...console.\n+000233c0: 8099 206f 6e20 4152 432c 2045 4d55 2061 .. on ARC, EMU a\n+000233d0: 6e64 2049 4545 4531 3237 352c 20e2 8098 nd IEEE1275, ...\n+000233e0: 7365 7269 616c 5f2a e280 9920 616e 6420 serial_*... and \n+000233f0: e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2061 ...spkmodem... a\n+00023400: 7265 0a67 6f76 6572 6e65 6420 6279 2074 re.governed by t\n+00023410: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 616e 6420 7375 7070 erminfo and supp\n+00023420: 6f72 7420 6f6e 6c79 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 ort only 8 color\n+00023430: 7320 6966 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 7320 e280 s if in modes ..\n+00023440: 9876 7431 3030 2d63 6f6c 6f72 e280 990a .vt100-color....\n+00023450: 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e (default for con\n+00023460: 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 656d 7529 2c20 e280 sole on emu), ..\n+00023470: 9861 7263 e280 9920 2864 6566 6175 6c74 .arc... (default\n+00023480: 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 for console on \n+00023490: 4152 4329 2c0a e280 9869 6565 6531 3237 ARC),....ieee127\n+000234a0: 35e2 8099 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 5... (default fo\n+000234b0: 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2049 4545 r console on IEE\n+000234c0: 4531 3237 3529 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 696e E1275). When in\n+000234d0: 206d 6f64 6520 e280 9876 7431 3030 e280 mode ...vt100..\n+000234e0: 9920 7468 656e 0a74 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 . then.the color\n+000234f0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 support is limi\n+00023500: 7465 6420 746f 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 ted to highlight\n+00023510: 696e 6720 6279 2062 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 ing by black/whi\n+00023520: 7465 2072 6576 6572 7361 6c2e 0a57 6865 te reversal..Whe\n+00023530: 6e20 696e 206d 6f64 6520 e280 9864 756d n in mode ...dum\n+00023540: 62e2 8099 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f b... there is no\n+00023550: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e0a color support..\n+00023560: 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 . When console\n+00023570: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c supports no col\n+00023580: 6f72 7320 7468 6973 2073 6574 7469 6e67 ors this setting\n+00023590: 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 2020 5768 is ignored. Wh\n+000235a0: 656e 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 7570 706f en.console suppo\n+000235b0: 7274 7320 3820 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7468 rts 8 colors, th\n+000235c0: 656e 2074 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6672 en the colors fr\n+000235d0: 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 6861 om the second ha\n+000235e0: 6c66 206f 6620 7468 650a 7072 6576 696f lf of the.previo\n+000235f0: 7573 206c 6973 7420 6172 6520 6d61 7070 us list are mapp\n+00023600: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 7463 6869 ed to the matchi\n+00023610: 6e67 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6f66 2066 6972 ng colors of fir\n+00023620: 7374 2068 616c 662e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 st half... ...\n+00023630: 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 206f 6e20 4546 console... on EF\n+00023640: 4920 616e 6420 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 20e2 I and BIOS and .\n+00023650: 8098 7667 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 7375 ..vga_text... su\n+00023660: 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 3136 2063 6f6c pport all 16 col\n+00023670: 6f72 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6766 7874 ors... ...gfxt\n+00023680: 6572 6de2 8099 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 erm... supports \n+00023690: 616c 6c20 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 616e all 16 colors an\n+000236a0: 6420 776f 756c 6420 6265 2074 6865 6f72 d would be theor\n+000236b0: 6574 6963 616c 6c79 0a65 7874 656e 6461 etically.extenda\n+000236c0: 626c 6520 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2077 ble to support w\n+000236d0: 686f 6c65 2072 6762 3234 2070 616c 6574 hole rgb24 palet\n+000236e0: 7465 2062 7574 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 te but currently\n+000236f0: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 0a63 6f6d there is no.com\n+00023700: 7065 6c6c 696e 6720 7265 6173 6f6e 2074 pelling reason t\n+00023710: 6f20 676f 2062 6579 6f6e 6420 7468 6520 o go beyond the \n+00023720: 6375 7272 656e 7420 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 current 16 color\n+00023730: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00023740: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f .info, Node: co\n+00023750: 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 nfig_directory, \n+00023760: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 Next: config_fi\n+00023770: 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 le, Prev: color\n+00023780: 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 _normal, Up: Sp\n+00023790: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+000237a0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+000237b0: 312e 3720 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 1.7 config_direc\n+000237c0: 746f 7279 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tory.-----------\n+000237d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+000237e0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 is variable is a\n+000237f0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 utomatically set\n+00023800: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 by GRUB to the \n+00023810: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7061 7274 206f directory part o\n+00023820: 660a 6375 7272 656e 7420 636f 6e66 6967 f.current config\n+00023830: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206e 616d uration file nam\n+00023840: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6e 6669 675f e (*note config_\n+00023850: 6669 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 file::).....File\n+00023860: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00023870: 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c de: config_file,\n+00023880: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 Next: debug, \n+00023890: 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 Prev: config_dir\n+000238a0: 6563 746f 7279 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 ectory, Up: Spe\n+000238b0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+000238c0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+000238d0: 2e38 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 0a2d .8 config_file.-\n+000238e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000238f0: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n+00023900: 2069 7320 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c is automaticall\n+00023910: 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f y set by GRUB to\n+00023920: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e the name of con\n+00023930: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6520 figuration.file \n+00023940: 7468 6174 2069 7320 6265 696e 6720 7072 that is being pr\n+00023950: 6f63 6573 7365 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 ocessed by comma\n+00023960: 6e64 7320 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c nds ...configfil\n+00023970: 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6e66 e... (*note.conf\n+00023980: 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a 2920 6f72 20e2 8098 igfile::) or ...\n+00023990: 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 normal... (*note\n+000239a0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2049 7420 normal::). It \n+000239b0: 6973 2072 6573 746f 7265 6420 746f 2074 is restored to t\n+000239c0: 6865 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 he.previous valu\n+000239d0: 6520 7768 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 e when command c\n+000239e0: 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ompletes.....Fil\n+000239f0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00023a00: 6f64 653a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 204e 6578 ode: debug, Nex\n+00023a10: 743a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2050 7265 t: default, Pre\n+00023a20: 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 v: config_file, \n+00023a30: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00023a40: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00023a50: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e39 2064 6562 7567 es..15.1.9 debug\n+00023a60: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 .------------..T\n+00023a70: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 his variable may\n+00023a80: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2065 6e61 626c be set to enabl\n+00023a90: 6520 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 e debugging outp\n+00023aa0: 7574 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 730a ut from various.\n+00023ab0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 206f 6620 4752 components of GR\n+00023ac0: 5542 2e20 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 UB. The value is\n+00023ad0: 2061 6e20 6f72 6465 7265 6420 6c69 7374 an ordered list\n+00023ae0: 206f 6620 6465 6275 6720 6661 6369 6c69 of debug facili\n+00023af0: 7479 206e 616d 6573 0a73 6570 6172 6174 ty names.separat\n+00023b00: 6564 2062 7920 7768 6974 6573 7061 6365 ed by whitespace\n+00023b10: 206f 7220 e280 982c e280 992e 2020 4966 or ...,.... If\n+00023b20: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2066 6163 the special fac\n+00023b30: 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9861 ility named ...a\n+00023b40: 6c6c e280 9920 6973 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 ll... is.present\n+00023b50: 2074 6865 6e20 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 then debugging \n+00023b60: 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6661 output of all fa\n+00023b70: 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6573 2069 7320 cility names is \n+00023b80: 656e 6162 6c65 6420 6174 2074 6865 0a73 enabled at the.s\n+00023b90: 7461 7274 206f 6620 7072 6f63 6573 7369 tart of processi\n+00023ba0: 6e67 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 ng the value of \n+00023bb0: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 652e 2020 this variable. \n+00023bc0: 4120 6661 6369 6c69 7479 2773 2064 6562 A facility's deb\n+00023bd0: 7567 0a6f 7574 7075 7420 6361 6e20 7468 ug.output can th\n+00023be0: 656e 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 en be disabled b\n+00023bf0: 7920 7072 6566 6978 696e 6720 6974 7320 y prefixing its \n+00023c00: 6e61 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6120 e280 982d name with a ...-\n+00023c10: e280 992e 2020 5468 6520 6c61 7374 0a6f .... The last.o\n+00023c20: 6363 7572 656e 6365 2066 6163 696c 6974 ccurence facilit\n+00023c30: 7920 6e61 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6f72 2077 y name with or w\n+00023c40: 6974 686f 7574 2061 206c 6561 6469 6e67 ithout a leading\n+00023c50: 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2074 616b 6573 2070 ...-... takes p\n+00023c60: 7265 6365 6e64 656e 740a 6f76 6572 2061 recendent.over a\n+00023c70: 6e79 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6f63 6375 ny previous occu\n+00023c80: 7265 6e63 652e 2020 5468 6973 2061 6c6c rence. This all\n+00023c90: 6f77 7320 7468 6520 6561 7379 2065 6e61 ows the easy ena\n+00023ca0: 626c 696e 6720 6f72 2064 6973 6162 6c69 bling or disabli\n+00023cb0: 6e67 0a6f 6620 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 ng.of facilities\n+00023cc0: 2062 7920 6170 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6120 by appending a \n+00023cd0: e280 982c e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 656e ...,... and then\n+00023ce0: 2074 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 the facility na\n+00023cf0: 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6f72 0a77 6974 686f me with or.witho\n+00023d00: 7574 2074 6865 206c 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 ut the leading .\n+00023d10: 8098 2de2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7769 ..-..., which wi\n+00023d20: 6c6c 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 ll preserve the \n+00023d30: 7374 6174 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6573 state of the res\n+00023d40: 7420 6f66 0a74 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 t of.the facilit\n+00023d50: 6965 732e 2020 5468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 ies. The facili\n+00023d60: 7479 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2074 6865 ty names are the\n+00023d70: 2066 6972 7374 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 first argument \n+00023d80: 746f 0a67 7275 625f 6470 7269 6e74 662e to.grub_dprintf.\n+00023d90: 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 7468 6520 736f Consult the so\n+00023da0: 7572 6365 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 urce for more de\n+00023db0: 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 tails.....File: \n+00023dc0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00023dd0: 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 : default, Next\n+00023de0: 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2050 7265 : fallback, Pre\n+00023df0: 763a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 2055 703a 2053 v: debug, Up: S\n+00023e00: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00023e10: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00023e20: 2e31 2e31 3020 6465 6661 756c 740a 2d2d .1.10 default.--\n+00023e30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n+00023e40: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n+00023e50: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2069 6465 6e74 is set, it ident\n+00023e60: 6966 6965 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ifies a menu ent\n+00023e70: 7279 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 ry that should b\n+00023e80: 650a 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2062 7920 6465 e.selected by de\n+00023e90: 6661 756c 742c 2070 6f73 7369 626c 7920 fault, possibly \n+00023ea0: 6166 7465 7220 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 after a timeout \n+00023eb0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a (*note timeout::\n+00023ec0: 292e 2020 5468 650a 656e 7472 7920 6d61 ). The.entry ma\n+00023ed0: 7920 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 y be identified \n+00023ee0: 6279 206e 756d 6265 7220 2873 7461 7274 by number (start\n+00023ef0: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2030 2061 7420 6561 ing from 0 at ea\n+00023f00: 6368 206c 6576 656c 206f 6620 7468 650a ch level of the.\n+00023f10: 6869 6572 6172 6368 7929 2c20 6279 2074 hierarchy), by t\n+00023f20: 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2062 7920 6964 2e0a itle, or by id..\n+00023f30: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c . For example,\n+00023f40: 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 3a0a 0a6d if you have:..m\n+00023f50: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c enuentry 'Exampl\n+00023f60: 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 e GNU/Linux dist\n+00023f70: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 ribution' --clas\n+00023f80: 7320 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 s gnu-linux --id\n+00023f90: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e example-gnu-lin\n+00023fa0: 7578 207b 0a09 2e2e 2e0a 7d0a 0a20 2020 ux {......}.. \n+00023fb0: 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b then you can mak\n+00023fc0: 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 e this the defau\n+00023fd0: 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 lt using:.. \n+00023fe0: 6465 6661 756c 743d 6578 616d 706c 652d default=example-\n+00023ff0: 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 4966 gnu-linux.. If\n+00024000: 2074 6865 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e the entry is in\n+00024010: 2061 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2c20 7468 656e a submenu, then\n+00024020: 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6964 656e it must be iden\n+00024030: 7469 6669 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 tified using the\n+00024040: 0a6e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 .number, title, \n+00024050: 6f72 2069 6420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 or id of each of\n+00024060: 2074 6865 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 the submenus st\n+00024070: 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 arting from the \n+00024080: 746f 700a 6c65 7665 6c2c 2066 6f6c 6c6f top.level, follo\n+00024090: 7765 6420 6279 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 wed by the numbe\n+000240a0: 722c 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2069 6420 r, title, or id \n+000240b0: 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 of the menu entr\n+000240c0: 7920 6974 7365 6c66 2c0a 7769 7468 2065 y itself,.with e\n+000240d0: 6163 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 7365 7061 ach element sepa\n+000240e0: 7261 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 rated by ...>...\n+000240f0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 . For example, \n+00024100: 7461 6b65 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 take the followi\n+00024110: 6e67 0a6d 656e 7520 7374 7275 6374 7572 ng.menu structur\n+00024120: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 e:.. GNU/Hur\n+00024130: 6420 2d2d 6964 2067 6e75 2d68 7572 640a d --id gnu-hurd.\n+00024140: 2020 2020 2020 2053 7461 6e64 6172 6420 Standard \n+00024150: 426f 6f74 202d 2d69 643d 676e 752d 6875 Boot --id=gnu-hu\n+00024160: 7264 2d73 7464 0a20 2020 2020 2020 5265 rd-std. Re\n+00024170: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 202d 2d69 643d scue shell --id=\n+00024180: 676e 752d 6875 7264 2d72 6573 6375 650a gnu-hurd-rescue.\n+00024190: 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 Other platf\n+000241a0: 6f72 6d73 202d 2d69 643d 6f74 6865 720a orms --id=other.\n+000241b0: 2020 2020 2020 204d 696e 6978 202d 2d69 Minix --i\n+000241c0: 643d 6d69 6e69 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d=minix. \n+000241d0: 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 202d Version 3.4.0 -\n+000241e0: 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 342e 300a -id=minix-3.4.0.\n+000241f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e Version\n+00024200: 2033 2e33 2e30 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 3.3.0 --id=mini\n+00024210: 782d 332e 332e 300a 2020 2020 2020 2047 x-3.3.0. G\n+00024220: 5255 4220 496e 7661 6465 7273 202d 2d69 RUB Invaders --i\n+00024230: 643d 6772 7562 2d69 6e76 6164 6572 730a d=grub-invaders.\n+00024240: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6d6f 7265 2072 6563 . The more rec\n+00024250: 656e 7420 7265 6c65 6173 6520 6f66 204d ent release of M\n+00024260: 696e 6978 2077 6f75 6c64 2074 6865 6e20 inix would then \n+00024270: 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6173 be identified as\n+00024280: 20e2 8098 4f74 6865 720a 706c 6174 666f ...Other.platfo\n+00024290: 726d 733e 4d69 6e69 783e 5665 7273 696f rms>Minix>Versio\n+000242a0: 6e20 332e 342e 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 n 3.4.0..., or a\n+000242b0: 7320 e280 9831 3e30 3e30 e280 992c 206f s ...1>0>0..., o\n+000242c0: 7220 6173 0ae2 8098 6f74 6865 723e 6d69 r as....other>mi\n+000242d0: 6e69 783e 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 342e 30e2 nix>minix-3.4.0.\n+000242e0: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 ..... This var\n+000242f0: 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 iable is often s\n+00024300: 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 et by ...GRUB_DE\n+00024310: 4641 554c 54e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 FAULT... (*note \n+00024320: 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple.configura\n+00024330: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 tion::), ...grub\n+00024340: 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 992c -set-default...,\n+00024350: 206f 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d 7265 626f or ...grub-rebo\n+00024360: 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ot........File: \n+00024370: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00024380: 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 : fallback, Nex\n+00024390: 743a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 t: gfxmode, Pre\n+000243a0: 763a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2055 703a v: default, Up:\n+000243b0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+000243c0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+000243d0: 3135 2e31 2e31 3120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 15.1.11 fallback\n+000243e0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+000243f0: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n+00024400: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2069 ble is set, it i\n+00024410: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 dentifies a menu\n+00024420: 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 entry that shou\n+00024430: 6c64 2062 650a 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 ld be.selected i\n+00024440: 6620 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 f the default me\n+00024450: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6169 6c73 2074 nu entry fails t\n+00024460: 6f20 626f 6f74 2e20 2045 6e74 7269 6573 o boot. Entries\n+00024470: 2061 7265 0a69 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 are.identified \n+00024480: 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7761 7920 in the same way \n+00024490: 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6465 6661 756c as for ...defaul\n+000244a0: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6465 6661 t... (*note defa\n+000244b0: 756c 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ult::).....File:\n+000244c0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000244d0: 653a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 e: gfxmode, Nex\n+000244e0: 743a 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 t: gfxpayload, \n+000244f0: 5072 6576 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 Prev: fallback, \n+00024500: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00024510: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00024520: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3220 6766 786d es..15.1.12 gfxm\n+00024530: 6f64 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ode.------------\n+00024540: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n+00024550: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 iable is set, it\n+00024560: 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 sets the resolu\n+00024570: 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 tion used on the\n+00024580: 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 0a67 ...gfxterm....g\n+00024590: 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 raphical termina\n+000245a0: 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f l. Note that yo\n+000245b0: 7520 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 206d u can only use m\n+000245c0: 6f64 6573 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 720a odes which your.\n+000245d0: 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 6172 6420 7375 graphics card su\n+000245e0: 7070 6f72 7473 2076 6961 2056 4553 4120 pports via VESA \n+000245f0: 4249 4f53 2045 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 BIOS Extensions \n+00024600: 2856 4245 292c 2073 6f20 666f 7220 6578 (VBE), so for ex\n+00024610: 616d 706c 650a 6e61 7469 7665 204c 4344 ample.native LCD\n+00024620: 2070 616e 656c 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f panel resolutio\n+00024630: 6e73 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 ns may not be av\n+00024640: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 6465 ailable. The de\n+00024650: 6661 756c 7420 6973 0ae2 8098 6175 746f fault is....auto\n+00024660: e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2073 656c 6563 ..., which selec\n+00024670: 7473 2061 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 ts a platform-sp\n+00024680: 6563 6966 6963 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2074 ecific default t\n+00024690: 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f 6b0a hat should look.\n+000246a0: 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 7570 reasonable. Sup\n+000246b0: 706f 7274 6564 206d 6f64 6573 2063 616e ported modes can\n+000246c0: 2062 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2062 7920 e280 be listed by ..\n+000246d0: 9876 6964 656f 696e 666f e280 9920 636f .videoinfo... co\n+000246e0: 6d6d 616e 6420 696e 0a47 5255 422e 0a0a mmand in.GRUB...\n+000246f0: 2020 2054 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f The resolutio\n+00024700: 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 n may be specifi\n+00024710: 6564 2061 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 ed as a sequence\n+00024720: 206f 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 of one or more \n+00024730: 6d6f 6465 732c 0a73 6570 6172 6174 6564 modes,.separated\n+00024740: 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 6173 2028 e280 982c by commas (...,\n+00024750: e280 9929 206f 7220 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f ...) or semicolo\n+00024760: 6e73 2028 e280 983b e280 9929 3b20 6561 ns (...;...); ea\n+00024770: 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2074 7269 6564 ch will be tried\n+00024780: 2069 6e0a 7475 726e 2075 6e74 696c 206f in.turn until o\n+00024790: 6e65 2069 7320 666f 756e 642e 2020 4561 ne is found. Ea\n+000247a0: 6368 206d 6f64 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 ch mode should b\n+000247b0: 6520 6569 7468 6572 20e2 8098 6175 746f e either ...auto\n+000247c0: e280 992c 0ae2 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 ...,....WIDTHxHE\n+000247d0: 4947 4854 e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 9857 IGHT..., or ...W\n+000247e0: 4944 5448 7848 4549 4748 5478 4445 5054 IDTHxHEIGHTxDEPT\n+000247f0: 48e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 H........File: g\n+00024800: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00024810: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 4e65 gfxpayload, Ne\n+00024820: 7874 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 xt: gfxterm_font\n+00024830: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 , Prev: gfxmode\n+00024840: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00024850: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00024860: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3320 6766 bles..15.1.13 gf\n+00024870: 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d xpayload.-------\n+00024880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n+00024890: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n+000248a0: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c set, it control\n+000248b0: 7320 7468 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 s the video mode\n+000248c0: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 4c69 in which the Li\n+000248d0: 6e75 780a 6b65 726e 656c 2073 7461 7274 nux.kernel start\n+000248e0: 7320 7570 2c20 7265 706c 6163 696e 6720 s up, replacing \n+000248f0: 7468 6520 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2062 the ...vga=... b\n+00024900: 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 oot option (*not\n+00024910: 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 2e20 2049 740a e linux::). It.\n+00024920: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 may be set to ..\n+00024930: 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 666f 7263 .text... to forc\n+00024940: 6520 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e e the Linux kern\n+00024950: 656c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f el to boot in no\n+00024960: 726d 616c 2074 6578 740a 6d6f 6465 2c20 rmal text.mode, \n+00024970: e280 986b 6565 70e2 8099 2074 6f20 7072 ...keep... to pr\n+00024980: 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 eserve the graph\n+00024990: 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2073 6574 2075 7369 ics mode set usi\n+000249a0: 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 786d 6f64 65e2 8099 ng ...gfxmode...\n+000249b0: 2c20 6f72 2061 6e79 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 , or any.of the \n+000249c0: 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 7661 6c75 6573 permitted values\n+000249d0: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6766 786d 6f64 65e2 for ...gfxmode.\n+000249e0: 8099 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7061 7274 .. to set a part\n+000249f0: 6963 756c 6172 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 icular graphics \n+00024a00: 6d6f 6465 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 6766 786d mode.(*note gfxm\n+00024a10: 6f64 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4465 7065 ode::)... Depe\n+00024a20: 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 nding on your ke\n+00024a30: 726e 656c 2c20 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 rnel, your distr\n+00024a40: 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2079 6f75 7220 6772 ibution, your gr\n+00024a50: 6170 6869 6373 2063 6172 642c 2061 6e64 aphics card, and\n+00024a60: 0a74 6865 2070 6861 7365 206f 6620 7468 .the phase of th\n+00024a70: 6520 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 e moon, note tha\n+00024a80: 7420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 t using this opt\n+00024a90: 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6361 7573 6520 474e ion may cause GN\n+00024aa0: 552f 4c69 6e75 780a 746f 2073 7566 6665 U/Linux.to suffe\n+00024ab0: 7220 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 696f 7573 2064 r from various d\n+00024ac0: 6973 706c 6179 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c isplay problems,\n+00024ad0: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 6475 particularly du\n+00024ae0: 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6172 6c79 0a70 ring the early.p\n+00024af0: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 art of the boot \n+00024b00: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 2049 6620 796f sequence. If yo\n+00024b10: 7520 6861 7665 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c u have problems,\n+00024b20: 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 set this variab\n+00024b30: 6c65 2074 6f0a e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 le to....text...\n+00024b40: 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2074 and GRUB will t\n+00024b50: 656c 6c20 4c69 6e75 7820 746f 2062 6f6f ell Linux to boo\n+00024b60: 7420 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 t in normal text\n+00024b70: 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 mode... The d\n+00024b80: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 706c 6174 666f efault is platfo\n+00024b90: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 632e 2020 4f6e rm-specific. On\n+00024ba0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6974 6820 platforms with \n+00024bb0: 6120 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6578 740a 6d6f a native text.mo\n+00024bc0: 6465 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 5043 2042 de (such as PC B\n+00024bd0: 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d 7329 2c20 IOS platforms), \n+00024be0: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 the default is .\n+00024bf0: 8098 7465 7874 e280 992e 2020 4f74 6865 ..text.... Othe\n+00024c00: 7277 6973 6520 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c rwise the.defaul\n+00024c10: 7420 6d61 7920 6265 20e2 8098 6175 746f t may be ...auto\n+00024c20: e280 9920 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 ... or a specifi\n+00024c30: 6320 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 c video mode... \n+00024c40: 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 This variable \n+00024c50: 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 is often set by \n+00024c60: e280 9847 5255 425f 4746 5850 4159 4c4f ...GRUB_GFXPAYLO\n+00024c70: 4144 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 9920 282a 6e6f AD_LINUX... (*no\n+00024c80: 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple.config\n+00024c90: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 uration::).....F\n+00024ca0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00024cb0: 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 Node: gfxterm_f\n+00024cc0: 6f6e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 7562 ont, Next: grub\n+00024cd0: 5f63 7075 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 _cpu, Prev: gfx\n+00024ce0: 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 payload, Up: Sp\n+00024cf0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00024d00: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00024d10: 312e 3134 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 1.14 gfxterm_fon\n+00024d20: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+00024d30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n+00024d40: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c variable is set,\n+00024d50: 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6120 666f 6e74 it names a font\n+00024d60: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7465 7874 to use for text\n+00024d70: 206f 6e20 7468 650a e280 9867 6678 7465 on the....gfxte\n+00024d80: 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 rm... graphical \n+00024d90: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204f 7468 6572 terminal. Other\n+00024da0: 7769 7365 2c20 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d wise, ...gfxterm\n+00024db0: e280 9920 6d61 7920 7573 6520 616e 790a ... may use any.\n+00024dc0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 6e74 2e0a available font..\n+00024dd0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00024de0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f fo, Node: grub_\n+00024df0: 6370 752c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 7562 cpu, Next: grub\n+00024e00: 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 _platform, Prev\n+00024e10: 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 : gfxterm_font, \n+00024e20: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00024e30: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00024e40: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3520 6772 7562 es..15.1.15 grub\n+00024e50: 5f63 7075 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _cpu.-----------\n+00024e60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c -----..In normal\n+00024e70: 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 mode (*note nor\n+00024e80: 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 mal::), GRUB set\n+00024e90: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 625f 6370 s the ...grub_cp\n+00024ea0: 75e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f u... variable to\n+00024eb0: 0a74 6865 2043 5055 2074 7970 6520 666f .the CPU type fo\n+00024ec0: 7220 7768 6963 6820 4752 5542 2077 6173 r which GRUB was\n+00024ed0: 2062 7569 6c74 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 built (e.g. ..\n+00024ee0: 9869 3338 36e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9870 .i386... or ...p\n+00024ef0: 6f77 6572 7063 e280 9929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 owerpc...).....F\n+00024f00: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00024f10: 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 Node: grub_plat\n+00024f20: 666f 726d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 636f form, Next: ico\n+00024f30: 6e64 6972 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 7275 ndir, Prev: gru\n+00024f40: 625f 6370 752c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 b_cpu, Up: Spec\n+00024f50: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00024f60: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00024f70: 3136 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 16 grub_platform\n+00024f80: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00024f90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 ------..In norma\n+00024fa0: 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f l mode (*note no\n+00024fb0: 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 7365 rmal::), GRUB se\n+00024fc0: 7473 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 5f70 ts the ...grub_p\n+00024fd0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6de2 8099 2076 6172 6961 latform... varia\n+00024fe0: 626c 650a 746f 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 ble.to the platf\n+00024ff0: 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 7768 6963 6820 4752 orm for which GR\n+00025000: 5542 2077 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2028 652e UB was built (e.\n+00025010: 672e 2020 e280 9870 63e2 8099 206f 7220 g. ...pc... or \n+00025020: e280 9865 6669 e280 9929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ...efi...).....F\n+00025030: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00025040: 204e 6f64 653a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 Node: icondir, \n+00025050: 204e 6578 743a 206c 616e 672c 2020 5072 Next: lang, Pr\n+00025060: 6576 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 ev: grub_platfor\n+00025070: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 m, Up: Special \n+00025080: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00025090: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3137 2069 ables..15.1.17 i\n+000250a0: 636f 6e64 6972 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d condir.---------\n+000250b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n+000250c0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c variable is set,\n+000250d0: 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6120 6469 7265 it names a dire\n+000250e0: 6374 6f72 7920 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 ctory in which t\n+000250f0: 6865 2047 5255 420a 6772 6170 6869 6361 he GRUB.graphica\n+00025100: 6c20 6d65 6e75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6c6f l menu should lo\n+00025110: 6f6b 2066 6f72 2069 636f 6e73 2061 6674 ok for icons aft\n+00025120: 6572 206c 6f6f 6b69 6e67 2069 6e20 7468 er looking in th\n+00025130: 6520 7468 656d 6527 730a e280 9869 636f e theme's....ico\n+00025140: 6e73 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e ns... directory.\n+00025150: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 6669 *Note Theme fi\n+00025160: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a le format::.....\n+00025170: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00025180: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 204e Node: lang, N\n+00025190: 6578 743a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c ext: locale_dir,\n+000251a0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c Prev: icondir,\n+000251b0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+000251c0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+000251d0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3138 206c 616e les..15.1.18 lan\n+000251e0: 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a g.------------..\n+000251f0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n+00025200: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 is set, it name\n+00025210: 7320 7468 6520 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 s the language c\n+00025220: 6f64 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ode that the ...\n+00025230: 6765 7474 6578 74e2 8099 0a63 6f6d 6d61 gettext....comma\n+00025240: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 7474 6578 nd (*note gettex\n+00025250: 743a 3a29 2075 7365 7320 746f 2074 7261 t::) uses to tra\n+00025260: 6e73 6c61 7465 2073 7472 696e 6773 2e20 nslate strings. \n+00025270: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 4672 For example,.Fr\n+00025280: 656e 6368 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6e61 ench would be na\n+00025290: 6d65 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6672 e280 992c med as ...fr...,\n+000252a0: 2061 6e64 2053 696d 706c 6966 6965 6420 and Simplified \n+000252b0: 4368 696e 6573 6520 6173 20e2 8098 7a68 Chinese as ...zh\n+000252c0: 5f43 4ee2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 _CN...... ...g\n+000252d0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n+000252e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f (*note Simple co\n+000252f0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 nfiguration::) w\n+00025300: 696c 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2073 6574 2061 ill try to set a\n+00025310: 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 6465 6661 .reasonable defa\n+00025320: 756c 7420 666f 7220 7468 6973 2076 6172 ult for this var\n+00025330: 6961 626c 6520 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 iable based on t\n+00025340: 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6c6f 6361 6c65 he system locale\n+00025350: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00025360: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 info, Node: loc\n+00025370: 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ale_dir, Next: \n+00025380: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a lockdown, Prev:\n+00025390: 206c 616e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 lang, Up: Spec\n+000253a0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+000253b0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+000253c0: 3139 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 720a 2d2d 19 locale_dir.--\n+000253d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000253e0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n+000253f0: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 le is set, it na\n+00025400: 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 mes the director\n+00025410: 7920 7768 6572 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 y where translat\n+00025420: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 730a 6d61 7920 6265 ion files.may be\n+00025430: 2066 6f75 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 found (*note ge\n+00025440: 7474 6578 743a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c ttext::), usuall\n+00025450: 7920 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f y .../boot/grub/\n+00025460: 6c6f 6361 6c65 e280 992e 2020 4f74 6865 locale.... Othe\n+00025470: 7277 6973 652c 0a69 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 rwise,.internati\n+00025480: 6f6e 616c 697a 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2064 onalization is d\n+00025490: 6973 6162 6c65 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 isabled... ...\n+000254a0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+000254b0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 (*note Simple c\n+000254c0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 onfiguration::) \n+000254d0: 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2061 2072 6561 736f will set a reaso\n+000254e0: 6e61 626c 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f nable.default fo\n+000254f0: 7220 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 r this variable \n+00025500: 6966 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c if international\n+00025510: 697a 6174 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6565 6465 ization is neede\n+00025520: 6420 616e 6420 616e 790a 7472 616e 736c d and any.transl\n+00025530: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 ation files are \n+00025540: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 available.....Fi\n+00025550: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00025560: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 Node: lockdown, \n+00025570: 204e 6578 743a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f Next: menu_colo\n+00025580: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5072 r_highlight, Pr\n+00025590: 6576 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 ev: locale_dir, \n+000255a0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+000255b0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+000255c0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3020 6c6f 636b es..15.1.20 lock\n+000255d0: 646f 776e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d down.-----------\n+000255e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n+000255f0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 ariable is set t\n+00025600: 6f20 e280 9879 e280 992c 2069 7420 6d65 o ...y..., it me\n+00025610: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6861 ans that GRUB ha\n+00025620: 7320 656e 7465 7265 6420 2a6e 6f74 650a s entered *note.\n+00025630: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 206d 6f64 652e Lockdown:: mode.\n+00025640: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00025650: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 6e75 nfo, Node: menu\n+00025660: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 _color_highlight\n+00025670: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 656e 755f 636f , Next: menu_co\n+00025680: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 lor_normal, Pre\n+00025690: 763a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5570 v: lockdown, Up\n+000256a0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+000256b0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+000256c0: 0a31 352e 312e 3231 206d 656e 755f 636f .15.1.21 menu_co\n+000256d0: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 740a 2d2d lor_highlight.--\n 000256e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000256f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n-00025700: 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 iable contains t\n-00025710: 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e he foreground an\n-00025720: 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c d background col\n-00025730: 6f72 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 0a66 ors to be used.f\n-00025740: 6f72 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 or the highlight\n-00025750: 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2073 ed menu entry, s\n-00025760: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c eparated by a sl\n-00025770: 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 ash (.../...). \n-00025780: 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6973 2076 6172 Setting.this var\n-00025790: 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 iable changes th\n-000257a0: 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 ose colors. For\n-000257b0: 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 the available c\n-000257c0: 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 olor names,.*not\n-000257d0: 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a e color_normal::\n-000257e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c ... The defaul\n-000257f0: 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f t is the value o\n-00025800: 6620 e280 9863 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c f ...color_highl\n-00025810: 6967 6874 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a63 ight... (*note.c\n-00025820: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 3a3a olor_highlight::\n-00025830: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-00025840: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 .info, Node: me\n-00025850: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c nu_color_normal,\n-00025860: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__boot_fil\n-00025880: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 e, Prev: menu_c\n-00025890: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 olor_highlight, \n-000258a0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-000258b0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000258c0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3220 6d65 6e75 es..15.1.22 menu\n-000258d0: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d _color_normal.--\n-000258e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000258f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n-00025900: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 riable contains \n-00025910: 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 the foreground a\n-00025920: 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f nd background co\n-00025930: 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 640a lors to be used.\n-00025940: 666f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 6869 6768 6c69 6768 for non-highligh\n-00025950: 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 ted menu entries\n-00025960: 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 , separated by a\n-00025970: 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 slash (.../...)\n-00025980: 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 7320 . Setting.this \n-00025990: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 variable changes\n-000259a0: 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 those colors. \n-000259b0: 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c For the availabl\n-000259c0: 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 0a2a e color names,.*\n-000259d0: 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 note color_norma\n-000259e0: 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 l::... The def\n-000259f0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 ault is the valu\n-00025a00: 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f e of ...color_no\n-00025a10: 726d 616c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 rmal... (*note c\n-00025a20: 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e0a olor_normal::)..\n-00025a30: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00025a40: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n-00025a50: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f 745f INTERFACE>_boot_\n-00025a60: 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 file, Next: net\n-00025a70: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 __cli\n-00025a80: 656e 7469 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 entid, Prev: me\n-00025a90: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c nu_color_normal,\n-00025aa0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00025ab0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00025ac0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3233 206e 6574 les..15.1.23 net\n-00025ad0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n-00025ae0: 745f 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_file.---------\n+000256f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 ----------..This\n+00025700: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 variable contai\n+00025710: 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e ns the foregroun\n+00025720: 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 d and background\n+00025730: 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 colors to be us\n+00025740: 6564 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c ed.for the highl\n+00025750: 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ighted menu entr\n+00025760: 792c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 y, separated by \n+00025770: 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 a slash (.../...\n+00025780: 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6973 ). Setting.this\n+00025790: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 variable change\n+000257a0: 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 s those colors. \n+000257b0: 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 For the availab\n+000257c0: 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c0a le color names,.\n+000257d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d *note color_norm\n+000257e0: 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 al::... The de\n+000257f0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 616c fault is the val\n+00025800: 7565 206f 6620 e280 9863 6f6c 6f72 5f68 ue of ...color_h\n+00025810: 6967 686c 6967 6874 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ighlight... (*no\n+00025820: 7465 0a63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 te.color_highlig\n+00025830: 6874 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ht::).....File: \n+00025840: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00025850: 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 : menu_color_nor\n+00025860: 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f mal, Next: net_\n+00025870: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f 6f74 _boot\n+00025880: 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 _file, Prev: me\n+00025890: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 nu_color_highlig\n+000258a0: 6874 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ht, Up: Special\n+000258b0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000258c0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3220 iables..15.1.22 \n+000258d0: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 menu_color_norma\n+000258e0: 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l.--------------\n+000258f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n+00025900: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 s variable conta\n+00025910: 696e 7320 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 ins the foregrou\n+00025920: 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e nd and backgroun\n+00025930: 6420 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 d colors to be u\n+00025940: 7365 640a 666f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 6869 6768 sed.for non-high\n+00025950: 6c69 6768 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 lighted menu ent\n+00025960: 7269 6573 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 ries, separated \n+00025970: 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f by a slash (.../\n+00025980: e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 ...). Setting.t\n+00025990: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 his variable cha\n+000259a0: 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 nges those color\n+000259b0: 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 s. For the avai\n+000259c0: 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 lable color name\n+000259d0: 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e s,.*note color_n\n+000259e0: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 ormal::... The\n+000259f0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 7468 6520 default is the \n+00025a00: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 636f 6c6f value of ...colo\n+00025a10: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 282a 6e6f r_normal... (*no\n+00025a20: 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a te color_normal:\n+00025a30: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+00025a40: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+00025a50: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 et__b\n+00025a60: 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a oot_file, Next:\n+00025a70: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025a80: 5f63 6c69 656e 7469 642c 2020 5072 6576 _clientid, Prev\n+00025a90: 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 : menu_color_nor\n+00025aa0: 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 mal, Up: Specia\n+00025ab0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00025ac0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3233 riables..15.1.23\n+00025ad0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025ae0: 5f62 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d _boot_file.-----\n 00025af0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00025b10: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00025b20: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00025b30: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__clientid, \n-00025b50: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__clientuui\n-00025b70: 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 d, Prev: net__boot_f\n-00025b90: 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ile, Up: Specia\n-00025ba0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00025bb0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3234 riables..15.1.24\n-00025bc0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025bd0: 5f63 6c69 656e 7469 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _clientid.------\n+00025b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n+00025b10: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n+00025b20: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00025b30: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__client\n+00025b50: 6964 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c id, Next: net_<\n+00025b60: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n+00025b70: 7475 7569 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 tuuid, Prev: ne\n+00025b80: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f t__bo\n+00025b90: 6f74 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ot_file, Up: Sp\n+00025ba0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00025bb0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00025bc0: 312e 3234 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.24 net__clientid.--\n 00025be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n-00025c00: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n-00025c10: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00025c20: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__clientuu\n-00025c40: 6964 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c id, Next: net_<\n-00025c50: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 705f INTERFACE>_dhcp_\n-00025c60: 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 5072 server_name, Pr\n-00025c70: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ev: net__clientid, U\n-00025c90: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00025ca0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00025cb0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3520 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.25 net__client\n-00025cd0: 7575 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d uuid.-----------\n+00025bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00025c00: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n+00025c10: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00025c20: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+00025c30: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n+00025c40: 6e74 7575 6964 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e ntuuid, Next: n\n+00025c50: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+00025c60: 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c hcp_server_name,\n+00025c70: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__clientid\n+00025c90: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00025ca0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00025cb0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3520 6e65 bles..15.1.25 ne\n+00025cc0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c t__cl\n+00025cd0: 6965 6e74 7575 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ientuuid.-------\n 00025ce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n-00025d00: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-00025d10: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00025d20: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__dhcp_server\n-00025d40: 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 _name, Next: ne\n-00025d50: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f t__do\n-00025d60: 6d61 696e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 main, Prev: net\n-00025d70: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 __cli\n-00025d80: 656e 7475 7569 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 entuuid, Up: Sp\n-00025d90: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00025da0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00025db0: 312e 3236 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.26 net__dhcp_server\n-00025dd0: 5f6e 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _name.----------\n+00025cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n+00025d00: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n+00025d10: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00025d20: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__dhcp_se\n+00025d40: 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 rver_name, Next\n+00025d50: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__domain, Prev:\n+00025d70: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025d80: 5f63 6c69 656e 7475 7569 642c 2020 5570 _clientuuid, Up\n+00025d90: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00025da0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00025db0: 0a31 352e 312e 3236 206e 6574 5f3c 494e .15.1.26 net__dhcp_se\n+00025dd0: 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rver_name.------\n 00025de0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025df0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00025e00: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-00025e10: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00025e20: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-00025e30: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f 6d61 _doma\n-00025e40: 696e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c in, Next: net_<\n-00025e50: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 656e INTERFACE>_exten\n-00025e60: 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 sionspath, Prev\n-00025e70: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__dhcp_server_na\n-00025e90: 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c me, Up: Special\n-00025ea0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00025eb0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3720 iables..15.1.27 \n-00025ec0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00025ed0: 646f 6d61 696e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d domain.---------\n+00025df0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025e00: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n+00025e10: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n+00025e20: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00025e30: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025e40: 646f 6d61 696e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e domain, Next: n\n+00025e50: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 et__e\n+00025e60: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 xtensionspath, \n+00025e70: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__dhcp_serve\n+00025e90: 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 r_name, Up: Spe\n+00025ea0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00025eb0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00025ec0: 2e32 3720 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .27 net__domain.-----\n 00025ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n-00025f00: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n-00025f10: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00025f20: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__extensionspat\n-00025f40: 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 h, Next: net__hostna\n-00025f60: 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c me, Prev: net_<\n-00025f70: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d 6169 INTERFACE>_domai\n-00025f80: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 n, Up: Special \n-00025f90: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00025fa0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3238 206e ables..15.1.28 n\n-00025fb0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 et__e\n-00025fc0: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 680a 2d2d xtensionspath.--\n-00025fd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+00025f00: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+00025f10: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00025f20: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__extension\n+00025f40: 7370 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 spath, Next: ne\n+00025f50: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f t__ho\n+00025f60: 7374 6e61 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e stname, Prev: n\n+00025f70: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+00025f80: 6f6d 6169 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 omain, Up: Spec\n+00025f90: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00025fa0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00025fb0: 3238 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 28 net__extensionspat\n+00025fd0: 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d h.--------------\n 00025fe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n-00026000: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n-00026010: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00026020: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__hostname, Nex\n-00026040: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__ip, Prev: ne\n-00026060: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 t__ex\n-00026070: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 2055 tensionspath, U\n-00026080: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00026090: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-000260a0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3920 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.29 net__hostna\n-000260c0: 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d me.-------------\n+00025ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n+00026000: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n+00026010: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00026020: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__hostname, \n+00026040: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__ip, Prev\n+00026060: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__extensionspath\n+00026080: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00026090: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000260a0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3920 6e65 bles..15.1.29 ne\n+000260b0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f t__ho\n+000260c0: 7374 6e61 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d stname.---------\n 000260d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000260e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n-000260f0: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n-00026100: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00026110: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00026120: 5f69 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f _ip, Next: net_\n-00026130: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 632c _mac,\n-00026140: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__hostname\n-00026160: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00026170: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00026180: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3020 6e65 bles..15.1.30 ne\n-00026190: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 t__ip\n-000261a0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-000261b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-000261c0: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-000261d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000261e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__mac, N\n-00026200: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__next_server\n-00026220: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__ip, Up\n-00026240: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00026250: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00026260: 0a31 352e 312e 3331 206e 6574 5f3c 494e .15.1.31 net__mac.---\n-00026280: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-000262a0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-000262b0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000262c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__next_serve\n-000262e0: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 r, Next: net__rootpa\n-00026300: 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c th, Prev: net_<\n-00026310: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 2c20 INTERFACE>_mac, \n-00026320: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00026330: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00026340: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3220 6e65 745f es..15.1.32 net_\n-00026350: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 7874 _next\n-00026360: 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _server.--------\n+000260e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n+000260f0: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n+00026100: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00026110: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__ip, Next: \n+00026130: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00026140: 6d61 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f mac, Prev: net_\n+00026150: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f 7374 _host\n+00026160: 6e61 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 name, Up: Speci\n+00026170: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00026180: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n+00026190: 3020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 0 net__ip.-----------\n+000261b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000261c0: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+000261d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000261e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+000261f0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 __mac\n+00026200: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__next_se\n+00026220: 7276 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 rver, Prev: net\n+00026230: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 702c __ip,\n+00026240: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00026250: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00026260: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3331 206e 6574 les..15.1.31 net\n+00026270: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 __mac\n+00026280: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00026290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n+000262a0: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n+000262b0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000262c0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__next_s\n+000262e0: 6572 7665 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 erver, Next: ne\n+000262f0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f t__ro\n+00026300: 6f74 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e otpath, Prev: n\n+00026310: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d et__m\n+00026320: 6163 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ac, Up: Special\n+00026330: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00026340: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3220 iables..15.1.32 \n+00026350: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00026360: 6e65 7874 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d next_server.----\n 00026370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-00026390: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-000263a0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000263b0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__rootpat\n-000263d0: 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 h, Next: net_de\n-000263e0: 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c fault_interface,\n-000263f0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__next_ser\n-00026410: 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ver, Up: Specia\n-00026420: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00026430: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3333 riables..15.1.33\n-00026440: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00026450: 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _rootpath.------\n+00026380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00026390: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+000263a0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000263b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+000263c0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f __roo\n+000263d0: 7470 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 tpath, Next: ne\n+000263e0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 t_default_interf\n+000263f0: 6163 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ace, Prev: net_\n+00026400: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 7874 _next\n+00026410: 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 _server, Up: Sp\n+00026420: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00026430: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00026440: 312e 3333 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.33 net__rootpath.--\n 00026460: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026470: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n-00026480: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n-00026490: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000264a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Node: net_defa\n-000264b0: 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 ult_interface, \n-000264c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Next: net_defaul\n-000264d0: 745f 6970 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 t_ip, Prev: net\n-000264e0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f __roo\n-000264f0: 7470 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 tpath, Up: Spec\n-00026500: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00026510: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00026520: 3334 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 34 net_default_i\n-00026530: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nterface.-------\n+00026470: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00026480: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n+00026490: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000264a0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+000264b0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 default_interfac\n+000264c0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 e, Next: net_de\n+000264d0: 6661 756c 745f 6970 2c20 2050 7265 763a fault_ip, Prev:\n+000264e0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+000264f0: 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 _rootpath, Up: \n+00026500: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00026510: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00026520: 352e 312e 3334 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 5.1.34 net_defau\n+00026530: 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2d 2d2d lt_interface.---\n 00026540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n-00026560: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n-00026570: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00026580: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f de: net_default_\n-00026590: 6970 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 ip, Next: net_d\n-000265a0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 2050 7265 efault_mac, Pre\n-000265b0: 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 v: net_default_i\n-000265c0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2053 nterface, Up: S\n-000265d0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-000265e0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-000265f0: 2e31 2e33 3520 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c .1.35 net_defaul\n-00026600: 745f 6970 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_ip.-----------\n-00026610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-00026620: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-00026630: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00026640: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Node: net_def\n-00026650: 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 204e 6578 743a ault_mac, Next:\n-00026660: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 net_default_ser\n-00026670: 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ver, Prev: net_\n-00026680: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 2c20 2055 703a default_ip, Up:\n-00026690: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-000266a0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-000266b0: 3135 2e31 2e33 3620 6e65 745f 6465 6661 15.1.36 net_defa\n-000266c0: 756c 745f 6d61 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ult_mac.--------\n-000266d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-000266e0: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n-000266f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00026700: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-00026710: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c _default_server,\n-00026720: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 Next: pager, \n-00026730: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Prev: net_defaul\n-00026740: 745f 6d61 632c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 t_mac, Up: Spec\n-00026750: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00026760: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00026770: 3337 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 37 net_default_s\n-00026780: 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erver.----------\n+00026550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00026560: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+00026570: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00026580: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Node: net_defa\n+00026590: 756c 745f 6970 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e ult_ip, Next: n\n+000265a0: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 et_default_mac, \n+000265b0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 Prev: net_defau\n+000265c0: 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 lt_interface, U\n+000265d0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+000265e0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+000265f0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3520 6e65 745f 6465 ..15.1.35 net_de\n+00026600: 6661 756c 745f 6970 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fault_ip.-------\n+00026610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00026620: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00026630: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00026640: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+00026650: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 204e _default_mac, N\n+00026660: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ext: net_default\n+00026670: 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _server, Prev: \n+00026680: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 2c20 net_default_ip, \n+00026690: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+000266a0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+000266b0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3620 6e65 745f es..15.1.36 net_\n+000266c0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 630a 2d2d 2d2d default_mac.----\n+000266d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000266e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+000266f0: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+00026700: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00026710: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 net_default_ser\n+00026720: 7665 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 6765 ver, Next: page\n+00026730: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 r, Prev: net_de\n+00026740: 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 5570 3a20 fault_mac, Up: \n+00026750: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00026760: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00026770: 352e 312e 3337 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 5.1.37 net_defau\n+00026780: 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lt_server.------\n 00026790: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000267a0: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n-000267b0: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-000267c0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 .info, Node: pa\n-000267d0: 6765 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7072 6566 ger, Next: pref\n-000267e0: 6978 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 ix, Prev: net_d\n-000267f0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 efault_server, \n-00026800: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00026810: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00026820: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3338 2070 6167 6572 s..15.1.38 pager\n-00026830: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n-00026840: 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9831 e280 If set to ...1..\n-00026850: 992c 2070 6175 7365 206f 7574 7075 7420 ., pause output \n-00026860: 6166 7465 7220 6561 6368 2073 6372 6565 after each scree\n-00026870: 6e66 756c 2061 6e64 2077 6169 7420 666f nful and wait fo\n-00026880: 7220 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 0a69 6e70 7574 r keyboard.input\n-00026890: 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 . The default i\n-000268a0: 7320 6e6f 7420 746f 2070 6175 7365 206f s not to pause o\n-000268b0: 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 utput.....File: \n-000268c0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000268d0: 3a20 7072 6566 6978 2c20 204e 6578 743a : prefix, Next:\n-000268e0: 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 2050 pxe_blksize, P\n-000268f0: 7265 763a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 2055 703a rev: pager, Up:\n-00026900: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00026910: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00026920: 3135 2e31 2e33 3920 7072 6566 6978 0a2d 15.1.39 prefix.-\n-00026930: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n-00026940: 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 he location of t\n-00026950: 6865 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 he .../boot/grub\n-00026960: e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 ... directory as\n-00026970: 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c an absolute fil\n-00026980: 6520 6e61 6d65 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 e name.(*note Fi\n-00026990: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a le name syntax::\n-000269a0: 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 726d ). This is norm\n-000269b0: 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 ally set by GRUB\n-000269c0: 2061 7420 7374 6172 7475 700a 6261 7365 at startup.base\n-000269d0: 6420 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e d on information\n-000269e0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 provided by ...\n-000269f0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 992e grub-install....\n-00026a00: 2020 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 GRUB modules a\n-00026a10: 7265 0a64 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c re.dynamically l\n-00026a20: 6f61 6465 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 7320 oaded from this \n-00026a30: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2073 6f20 6974 directory, so it\n-00026a40: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 6574 2063 6f72 must be set cor\n-00026a50: 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e0a 6f72 6465 7220 rectly in.order \n-00026a60: 666f 7220 6d61 6e79 2070 6172 7473 206f for many parts o\n-00026a70: 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2e0a f GRUB to work..\n-00026a80: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00026a90: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f62 fo, Node: pxe_b\n-00026aa0: 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 lksize, Next: p\n-00026ab0: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 xe_default_gatew\n-00026ac0: 6179 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 7265 6669 ay, Prev: prefi\n-00026ad0: 782c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 x, Up: Special \n-00026ae0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00026af0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3430 2070 ables..15.1.40 p\n-00026b00: 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d xe_blksize.-----\n-00026b10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00026b20: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-00026b30: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00026b40: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f nfo, Node: pxe_\n-00026b50: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c default_gateway,\n-00026b60: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 Next: pxe_defa\n-00026b70: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2050 7265 ult_server, Pre\n-00026b80: 763a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 v: pxe_blksize, \n-00026b90: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00026ba0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00026bb0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3120 7078 655f es..15.1.41 pxe_\n-00026bc0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 790a default_gateway.\n-00026bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-00026bf0: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-00026c00: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00026c10: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 , Node: pxe_def\n-00026c20: 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 4e65 ault_server, Ne\n-00026c30: 7874 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: root, Prev:\n-00026c40: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 pxe_default_gat\n-00026c50: 6577 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 eway, Up: Speci\n-00026c60: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00026c70: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n-00026c80: 3220 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 2 pxe_default_se\n-00026c90: 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rver.-----------\n-00026ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00026cb0: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n-00026cc0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00026cd0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6f6f info, Node: roo\n-00026ce0: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c t, Next: shim_l\n-00026cf0: 6f63 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f ock, Prev: pxe_\n-00026d00: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 default_server, \n-00026d10: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00026d20: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00026d30: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3320 726f 6f74 es..15.1.43 root\n-00026d40: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 .------------..T\n-00026d50: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 206e he root device n\n-00026d60: 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 ame (*note Devic\n-00026d70: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 416e e syntax::). An\n-00026d80: 7920 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2074 6861 y file names tha\n-00026d90: 7420 646f 0a6e 6f74 2073 7065 6369 6679 t do.not specify\n-00026da0: 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 an explicit dev\n-00026db0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7265 2072 6561 ice name are rea\n-00026dc0: 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 7320 6465 7669 d from this devi\n-00026dd0: 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 ce. The.default\n-00026de0: 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2073 6574 is normally set\n-00026df0: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 by GRUB at star\n-00026e00: 7475 7020 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 tup based on the\n-00026e10: 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a e280 9870 7265 value of....pre\n-00026e20: 6669 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7072 fix... (*note pr\n-00026e30: 6566 6978 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 efix::)... For\n-00026e40: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2047 5255 example, if GRU\n-00026e50: 4220 7761 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 B was installed \n-00026e60: 746f 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 to the first par\n-00026e70: 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 6669 tition of the.fi\n-00026e80: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 rst hard disk, t\n-00026e90: 6865 6e20 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 hen ...prefix...\n-00026ea0: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f might be set to\n-00026eb0: 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 ...(hd0,msdos1)\n-00026ec0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 990a 616e /boot/grub....an\n-00026ed0: 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 d ...root... to \n-00026ee0: e280 9868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 31e2 8099 ...hd0,msdos1...\n-00026ef0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00026f00: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6869 info, Node: shi\n-00026f10: 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 m_lock, Next: s\n-00026f20: 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c 2020 5072 6576 uperusers, Prev\n-00026f30: 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 : root, Up: Spe\n-00026f40: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00026f50: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00026f60: 2e34 3420 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b0a 2d2d .44 shim_lock.--\n-00026f70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00026f80: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n-00026f90: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e is set to ...y\n-00026fa0: e280 992c 2069 7420 6d65 616e 7320 7468 ..., it means th\n-00026fb0: 6174 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b at the shim_lock\n-00026fc0: 2076 6572 6966 6965 7220 6973 0a72 6567 verifier is.reg\n-00026fd0: 6973 7465 7265 6420 2873 6565 202a 6e6f istered (see *no\n-00026fe0: 7465 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 te UEFI secure b\n-00026ff0: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 3a3a 292e oot and shim::).\n-00027000: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00027010: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 7065 nfo, Node: supe\n-00027020: 7275 7365 7273 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 rusers, Next: t\n-00027030: 6865 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6869 heme, Prev: shi\n-00027040: 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 m_lock, Up: Spe\n-00027050: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00027060: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00027070: 2e34 3520 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 0a2d .45 superusers.-\n-00027080: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00027090: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n-000270a0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 may be set to a\n-000270b0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7570 6572 7573 list of superus\n-000270c0: 6572 206e 616d 6573 2074 6f20 656e 6162 er names to enab\n-000270d0: 6c65 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f le.authenticatio\n-000270e0: 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 742e 2020 2a4e 6f74 n support. *Not\n-000270f0: 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f e Security::....\n-00027100: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00027110: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 , Node: theme, \n-00027120: 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 Next: timeout, \n-00027130: 2050 7265 763a 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 Prev: superuser\n-00027140: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 s, Up: Special \n-00027150: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00027160: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3436 2074 ables..15.1.46 t\n-00027170: 6865 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d heme.-----------\n-00027180: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n-00027190: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e may be set to \n-000271a0: 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 a directory cont\n-000271b0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 6772 aining a GRUB gr\n-000271c0: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 0a74 6865 aphical menu.the\n-000271d0: 6d65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 6865 6d65 me. *Note Theme\n-000271e0: 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 3a3a 2e0a file format::..\n-000271f0: 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c . This variabl\n-00027200: 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 e is often set b\n-00027210: 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5448 454d 45e2 y ...GRUB_THEME.\n-00027220: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 .. (*note Simple\n-00027230: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a .configuration::\n-00027240: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-00027250: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 .info, Node: ti\n-00027260: 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7469 meout, Next: ti\n-00027270: 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c 2020 5072 meout_style, Pr\n-00027280: 6576 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: theme, Up: \n-00027290: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-000272a0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-000272b0: 352e 312e 3437 2074 696d 656f 7574 0a2d 5.1.47 timeout.-\n-000272c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-000272d0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n-000272e0: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 7370 6563 is set, it spec\n-000272f0: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7469 6d65 2069 ifies the time i\n-00027300: 6e20 7365 636f 6e64 7320 746f 2077 6169 n seconds to wai\n-00027310: 7420 666f 720a 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2069 t for.keyboard i\n-00027320: 6e70 7574 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 nput before boot\n-00027330: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 ing the default \n-00027340: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2041 2074 menu entry. A t\n-00027350: 696d 656f 7574 206f 6620 e280 9830 e280 imeout of ...0..\n-00027360: 990a 6d65 616e 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 ..means to boot \n-00027370: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 the default entr\n-00027380: 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 7769 y immediately wi\n-00027390: 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 thout displaying\n-000273a0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 753b 0a61 2074 696d the menu;.a tim\n-000273b0: 656f 7574 206f 6620 e280 982d 31e2 8099 eout of ...-1...\n-000273c0: 2028 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 2920 6d65 616e (or unset) mean\n-000273d0: 7320 746f 2077 6169 7420 696e 6465 6669 s to wait indefi\n-000273e0: 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 20e2 nitely... If .\n-000273f0: 8098 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 65e2 ..timeout_style.\n-00027400: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 .. (*note timeou\n-00027410: 745f 7374 796c 653a 3a29 2069 7320 7365 t_style::) is se\n-00027420: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 t to ...countdow\n-00027430: 6ee2 8099 206f 720a e280 9868 6964 6465 n... or....hidde\n-00027440: 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 n..., the timeou\n-00027450: 7420 6973 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2063 6f75 t is instead cou\n-00027460: 6e74 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 nted before the \n-00027470: 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7965 menu is displaye\n-00027480: 642e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 d... This vari\n-00027490: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 able is often se\n-000274a0: 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d t by ...GRUB_TIM\n-000274b0: 454f 5554 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 EOUT... (*note S\n-000274c0: 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple.configurat\n-000274d0: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ion::).....File:\n-000274e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000274f0: 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 e: timeout_style\n-00027500: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 706d 5f66 6169 , Next: tpm_fai\n-00027510: 6c5f 6661 7461 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 l_fatal, Prev: \n-00027520: 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 timeout, Up: Sp\n-00027530: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00027540: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00027550: 312e 3438 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 1.48 timeout_sty\n-00027560: 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d le.-------------\n-00027570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n-00027580: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 ariable may be s\n-00027590: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 986d 656e 75e2 8099 et to ...menu...\n-000275a0: 2c20 e280 9863 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 , ...countdown..\n-000275b0: 992c 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 ., or ...hidden.\n-000275c0: 8099 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 7468 .. to control.th\n-000275d0: 6520 7761 7920 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 e way in which t\n-000275e0: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2028 2a6e 6f74 he timeout (*not\n-000275f0: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 2069 6e74 e timeout::) int\n-00027600: 6572 6163 7473 2077 6974 6820 6469 7370 eracts with disp\n-00027610: 6c61 7969 6e67 0a74 6865 206d 656e 752e laying.the menu.\n-00027620: 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 646f 6375 6d65 See the docume\n-00027630: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 4752 ntation of ...GR\n-00027640: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 UB_TIMEOUT_STYLE\n-00027650: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c ... (*note Simpl\n-00027660: 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e.configuration:\n-00027670: 3a29 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a :) for details..\n-00027680: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00027690: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 706d 5f66 fo, Node: tpm_f\n-000276a0: 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 ail_fatal, Prev\n-000276b0: 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c : timeout_style,\n-000276c0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-000276d0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-000276e0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3439 2074 706d les..15.1.49 tpm\n-000276f0: 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d _fail_fatal.----\n+000267a0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+000267b0: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+000267c0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000267d0: 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : pager, Next: \n+000267e0: 7072 6566 6978 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e prefix, Prev: n\n+000267f0: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 et_default_serve\n+00026800: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 r, Up: Special \n+00026810: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00026820: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3338 2070 ables..15.1.38 p\n+00026830: 6167 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ager.-----------\n+00026840: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 --..If set to ..\n+00026850: 9831 e280 992c 2070 6175 7365 206f 7574 .1..., pause out\n+00026860: 7075 7420 6166 7465 7220 6561 6368 2073 put after each s\n+00026870: 6372 6565 6e66 756c 2061 6e64 2077 6169 creenful and wai\n+00026880: 7420 666f 7220 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 0a69 t for keyboard.i\n+00026890: 6e70 7574 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 nput. The defau\n+000268a0: 6c74 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 746f 2070 6175 lt is not to pau\n+000268b0: 7365 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 se output.....Fi\n+000268c0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000268d0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6566 6978 2c20 204e Node: prefix, N\n+000268e0: 6578 743a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 ext: pxe_blksize\n+000268f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 , Prev: pager, \n+00026900: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00026910: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00026920: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3920 7072 6566 es..15.1.39 pref\n+00026930: 6978 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ix.-------------\n+00026940: 2d0a 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 -..The location \n+00026950: 6f66 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f of the .../boot/\n+00026960: 6772 7562 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 grub... director\n+00026970: 7920 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 y as an absolute\n+00026980: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a28 2a6e 6f74 file name.(*not\n+00026990: 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 e File name synt\n+000269a0: 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 ax::). This is \n+000269b0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 normally set by \n+000269c0: 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 7475 700a GRUB at startup.\n+000269d0: 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 based on informa\n+000269e0: 7469 6f6e 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 tion provided by\n+000269f0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n+00026a00: e280 992e 2020 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c .... GRUB modul\n+00026a10: 6573 2061 7265 0a64 796e 616d 6963 616c es are.dynamical\n+00026a20: 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 ly loaded from t\n+00026a30: 6869 7320 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2073 his directory, s\n+00026a40: 6f20 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 6574 o it must be set\n+00026a50: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e0a 6f72 correctly in.or\n+00026a60: 6465 7220 666f 7220 6d61 6e79 2070 6172 der for many par\n+00026a70: 7473 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 776f ts of GRUB to wo\n+00026a80: 726b 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 rk.....File: gru\n+00026a90: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 b.info, Node: p\n+00026aa0: 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 204e 6578 xe_blksize, Nex\n+00026ab0: 743a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 t: pxe_default_g\n+00026ac0: 6174 6577 6179 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 ateway, Prev: p\n+00026ad0: 7265 6669 782c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 refix, Up: Spec\n+00026ae0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00026af0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00026b00: 3430 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 0a2d 40 pxe_blksize.-\n+00026b10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026b20: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n+00026b30: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n+00026b40: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00026b50: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 pxe_default_gate\n+00026b60: 7761 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f way, Next: pxe_\n+00026b70: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 default_server, \n+00026b80: 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 Prev: pxe_blksi\n+00026b90: 7a65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ze, Up: Special\n+00026ba0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00026bb0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3120 iables..15.1.41 \n+00026bc0: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 pxe_default_gate\n+00026bd0: 7761 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d way.------------\n+00026be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00026bf0: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00026c00: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00026c10: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 info, Node: pxe\n+00026c20: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c _default_server,\n+00026c30: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 2050 Next: root, P\n+00026c40: 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 rev: pxe_default\n+00026c50: 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2053 _gateway, Up: S\n+00026c60: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00026c70: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00026c80: 2e31 2e34 3220 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c .1.42 pxe_defaul\n+00026c90: 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_server.-------\n+00026ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026cb0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+00026cc0: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+00026cd0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00026ce0: 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 root, Next: sh\n+00026cf0: 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 im_lock, Prev: \n+00026d00: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 pxe_default_serv\n+00026d10: 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c er, Up: Special\n+00026d20: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00026d30: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3320 iables..15.1.43 \n+00026d40: 726f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d root.-----------\n+00026d50: 2d0a 0a54 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 -..The root devi\n+00026d60: 6365 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 ce name (*note D\n+00026d70: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e evice syntax::).\n+00026d80: 2020 416e 7920 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 Any file names\n+00026d90: 2074 6861 7420 646f 0a6e 6f74 2073 7065 that do.not spe\n+00026da0: 6369 6679 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 cify an explicit\n+00026db0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7265 device name are\n+00026dc0: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 7320 read from this \n+00026dd0: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a64 6566 device. The.def\n+00026de0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 ault is normally\n+00026df0: 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 set by GRUB at \n+00026e00: 7374 6172 7475 7020 6261 7365 6420 6f6e startup based on\n+00026e10: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a e280 the value of...\n+00026e20: 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 .prefix... (*not\n+00026e30: 6520 7072 6566 6978 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 e prefix::)... \n+00026e40: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 For example, if\n+00026e50: 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 696e 7374 616c GRUB was instal\n+00026e60: 6c65 6420 746f 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 led to the first\n+00026e70: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 partition of th\n+00026e80: 650a 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 e.first hard dis\n+00026e90: 6b2c 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9870 7265 6669 k, then ...prefi\n+00026ea0: 78e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 x... might be se\n+00026eb0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 t to ...(hd0,msd\n+00026ec0: 6f73 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 os1)/boot/grub..\n+00026ed0: 990a 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 ..and ...root...\n+00026ee0: 2074 6f20 e280 9868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 to ...hd0,msdos\n+00026ef0: 31e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 1........File: g\n+00026f00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00026f10: 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 204e 6578 shim_lock, Nex\n+00026f20: 743a 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c 2020 t: superusers, \n+00026f30: 5072 6576 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a Prev: root, Up:\n+00026f40: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00026f50: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00026f60: 3135 2e31 2e34 3420 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 15.1.44 shim_loc\n+00026f70: 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d k.--------------\n+00026f80: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n+00026f90: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 iable is set to \n+00026fa0: e280 9879 e280 992c 2069 7420 6d65 616e ...y..., it mean\n+00026fb0: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d5f s that the shim_\n+00026fc0: 6c6f 636b 2076 6572 6966 6965 7220 6973 lock verifier is\n+00026fd0: 0a72 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 2873 6565 .registered (see\n+00026fe0: 202a 6e6f 7465 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 *note UEFI secu\n+00026ff0: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d re boot and shim\n+00027000: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n+00027010: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00027020: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 204e 6578 superusers, Nex\n+00027030: 743a 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: theme, Prev:\n+00027040: 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 2055 703a shim_lock, Up:\n+00027050: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00027060: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00027070: 3135 2e31 2e34 3520 7375 7065 7275 7365 15.1.45 superuse\n+00027080: 7273 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rs.-------------\n+00027090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n+000270a0: 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 able may be set \n+000270b0: 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7570 to a list of sup\n+000270c0: 6572 7573 6572 206e 616d 6573 2074 6f20 eruser names to \n+000270d0: 656e 6162 6c65 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 6963 enable.authentic\n+000270e0: 6174 696f 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 742e 2020 ation support. \n+000270f0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a *Note Security::\n+00027100: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00027110: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6865 info, Node: the\n+00027120: 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f me, Next: timeo\n+00027130: 7574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 7570 6572 ut, Prev: super\n+00027140: 7573 6572 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 users, Up: Spec\n+00027150: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00027160: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00027170: 3436 2074 6865 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 46 theme.-------\n+00027180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n+00027190: 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 iable may be set\n+000271a0: 2074 6f20 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 to a directory \n+000271b0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 containing a GRU\n+000271c0: 4220 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 B graphical menu\n+000271d0: 0a74 6865 6d65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 .theme. *Note T\n+000271e0: 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 heme file format\n+000271f0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 ::... This var\n+00027200: 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 iable is often s\n+00027210: 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5448 et by ...GRUB_TH\n+00027220: 454d 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 EME... (*note Si\n+00027230: 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple.configurati\n+00027240: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 on::).....File: \n+00027250: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00027260: 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 4e65 7874 : timeout, Next\n+00027270: 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c : timeout_style,\n+00027280: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 Prev: theme, \n+00027290: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+000272a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+000272b0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3437 2074 696d 656f s..15.1.47 timeo\n+000272c0: 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ut.-------------\n+000272d0: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n+000272e0: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 able is set, it \n+000272f0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7469 specifies the ti\n+00027300: 6d65 2069 6e20 7365 636f 6e64 7320 746f me in seconds to\n+00027310: 2077 6169 7420 666f 720a 6b65 7962 6f61 wait for.keyboa\n+00027320: 7264 2069 6e70 7574 2062 6566 6f72 6520 rd input before \n+00027330: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 booting the defa\n+00027340: 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 ult menu entry. \n+00027350: 2041 2074 696d 656f 7574 206f 6620 e280 A timeout of ..\n+00027360: 9830 e280 990a 6d65 616e 7320 746f 2062 .0....means to b\n+00027370: 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 oot the default \n+00027380: 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c entry immediatel\n+00027390: 7920 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 y without displa\n+000273a0: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 753b 0a61 ying the menu;.a\n+000273b0: 2074 696d 656f 7574 206f 6620 e280 982d timeout of ...-\n+000273c0: 31e2 8099 2028 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 2920 1... (or unset) \n+000273d0: 6d65 616e 7320 746f 2077 6169 7420 696e means to wait in\n+000273e0: 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 definitely... \n+000273f0: 4966 20e2 8098 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 If ...timeout_st\n+00027400: 796c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 yle... (*note ti\n+00027410: 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 653a 3a29 2069 meout_style::) i\n+00027420: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e s set to ...coun\n+00027430: 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 720a e280 9868 tdown... or....h\n+00027440: 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 7469 idden..., the ti\n+00027450: 6d65 6f75 7420 6973 2069 6e73 7465 6164 meout is instead\n+00027460: 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 counted before \n+00027470: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6469 7370 the menu is disp\n+00027480: 6c61 7965 642e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 layed... This \n+00027490: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 variable is ofte\n+000274a0: 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 n set by ...GRUB\n+000274b0: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 282a 6e6f _TIMEOUT... (*no\n+000274c0: 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple.config\n+000274d0: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 uration::).....F\n+000274e0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000274f0: 204e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 Node: timeout_s\n+00027500: 7479 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 706d tyle, Next: tpm\n+00027510: 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c2c 2020 5072 _fail_fatal, Pr\n+00027520: 6576 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5570 ev: timeout, Up\n+00027530: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00027540: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00027550: 0a31 352e 312e 3438 2074 696d 656f 7574 .15.1.48 timeout\n+00027560: 5f73 7479 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _style.---------\n+00027570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+00027580: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 is variable may \n+00027590: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 986d 656e be set to ...men\n+000275a0: 75e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 6f75 6e74 646f u..., ...countdo\n+000275b0: 776e e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 wn..., or ...hid\n+000275c0: 6465 6ee2 8099 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f den... to contro\n+000275d0: 6c0a 7468 6520 7761 7920 696e 2077 6869 l.the way in whi\n+000275e0: 6368 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2028 ch the timeout (\n+000275f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 *note timeout::)\n+00027600: 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7473 2077 6974 6820 interacts with \n+00027610: 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 0a74 6865 206d displaying.the m\n+00027620: 656e 752e 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 646f enu. See the do\n+00027630: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 cumentation of .\n+00027640: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n+00027650: 5459 4c45 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 TYLE... (*note S\n+00027660: 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple.configurat\n+00027670: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 ion::) for detai\n+00027680: 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ls.....File: gru\n+00027690: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 b.info, Node: t\n+000276a0: 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c2c 2020 pm_fail_fatal, \n+000276b0: 5072 6576 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 Prev: timeout_st\n+000276c0: 796c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 yle, Up: Specia\n+000276d0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+000276e0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3439 riables..15.1.49\n+000276f0: 2074 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c0a tpm_fail_fatal.\n 00027700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00027710: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n-00027720: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 616e 6420 able is set and \n-00027730: 7472 7565 2028 692e 652e 2c20 6e6f 7420 true (i.e., not \n-00027740: 7365 7420 746f 2022 3022 2c20 2266 616c set to \"0\", \"fal\n-00027750: 7365 222c 0a22 6469 7361 626c 6522 2c20 se\",.\"disable\", \n-00027760: 6f72 2022 6e6f 2229 2c20 5450 4d20 6d65 or \"no\"), TPM me\n-00027770: 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2074 6861 7420 asurements that \n-00027780: 6661 696c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2074 7265 fail will be tre\n-00027790: 6174 6564 2061 730a 6661 7461 6c2e 2020 ated as.fatal. \n-000277a0: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 7920 Otherwise, they \n-000277b0: 7769 6c6c 206d 6572 656c 7920 6265 2064 will merely be d\n-000277c0: 6562 7567 2d6c 6f67 6765 6420 616e 6420 ebug-logged and \n-000277d0: 626f 6f74 2077 696c 6c0a 636f 6e74 696e boot will.contin\n-000277e0: 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4361 6c6c 2074 6f20 ue... Call to \n-000277f0: 4546 4920 6669 726d 7761 7265 2c20 6c69 EFI firmware, li\n-00027800: 6b65 2068 6173 685f 6c6f 675f 6578 7465 ke hash_log_exte\n-00027810: 6e64 5f65 7665 6e74 2829 2c20 6361 6e20 nd_event(), can \n-00027820: 7265 7475 726e 2061 6e0a 756e 6b6e 6f77 return an.unknow\n-00027830: 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2069 2e65 2e20 2064 n error, i.e. d\n-00027840: 7565 2074 6f20 6275 6720 7072 6573 656e ue to bug presen\n-00027850: 7420 696e 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 t in firmware. \n-00027860: 5768 656e 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 When this variab\n-00027870: 6c65 0a69 7320 7365 7420 616e 6420 7472 le.is set and tr\n-00027880: 7565 2028 7361 6d65 2076 616c 7565 7320 ue (same values \n-00027890: 6173 2077 6974 6820 5450 4d20 6d65 6173 as with TPM meas\n-000278a0: 7572 656d 656e 7473 2920 7468 6973 2073 urements) this s\n-000278b0: 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 0a77 696c 6c20 6265 ituation.will be\n-000278c0: 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 746f 2062 considered to b\n-000278d0: 6520 6661 7461 6c20 616e 6420 6572 726f e fatal and erro\n-000278e0: 722d 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 7320 2275 6e6b r-logged as \"unk\n-000278f0: 6e6f 776e 2054 504d 2065 7272 6f72 222e nown TPM error\".\n-00027900: 0a49 6620 6e6f 7420 7365 742c 2062 6f6f .If not set, boo\n-00027910: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 204f 5320 7769 6c6c ting the OS will\n-00027920: 2062 6520 656e 6162 6c65 642e 0a0a 1f0a be enabled.....\n-00027930: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00027940: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d Node: Environm\n-00027950: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 ent block, Prev\n-00027960: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00027970: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c nment variables,\n-00027980: 2020 5570 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Up: Environmen\n-00027990: 740a 0a31 352e 3220 5468 6520 4752 5542 t..15.2 The GRUB\n-000279a0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-000279b0: 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ck.=============\n+00027710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n+00027720: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 variable is set \n+00027730: 616e 6420 7472 7565 2028 692e 652e 2c20 and true (i.e., \n+00027740: 6e6f 7420 7365 7420 746f 2022 3022 2c20 not set to \"0\", \n+00027750: 2266 616c 7365 222c 0a22 6469 7361 626c \"false\",.\"disabl\n+00027760: 6522 2c20 6f72 2022 6e6f 2229 2c20 5450 e\", or \"no\"), TP\n+00027770: 4d20 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2074 M measurements t\n+00027780: 6861 7420 6661 696c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 hat fail will be\n+00027790: 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 730a 6661 7461 treated as.fata\n+000277a0: 6c2e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 l. Otherwise, t\n+000277b0: 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 206d 6572 656c 7920 hey will merely \n+000277c0: 6265 2064 6562 7567 2d6c 6f67 6765 6420 be debug-logged \n+000277d0: 616e 6420 626f 6f74 2077 696c 6c0a 636f and boot will.co\n+000277e0: 6e74 696e 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4361 6c6c ntinue... Call\n+000277f0: 2074 6f20 4546 4920 6669 726d 7761 7265 to EFI firmware\n+00027800: 2c20 6c69 6b65 2068 6173 685f 6c6f 675f , like hash_log_\n+00027810: 6578 7465 6e64 5f65 7665 6e74 2829 2c20 extend_event(), \n+00027820: 6361 6e20 7265 7475 726e 2061 6e0a 756e can return an.un\n+00027830: 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2069 2e65 known error, i.e\n+00027840: 2e20 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6275 6720 7072 . due to bug pr\n+00027850: 6573 656e 7420 696e 2066 6972 6d77 6172 esent in firmwar\n+00027860: 652e 2020 5768 656e 2074 6869 7320 7661 e. When this va\n+00027870: 7269 6162 6c65 0a69 7320 7365 7420 616e riable.is set an\n+00027880: 6420 7472 7565 2028 7361 6d65 2076 616c d true (same val\n+00027890: 7565 7320 6173 2077 6974 6820 5450 4d20 ues as with TPM \n+000278a0: 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2920 7468 measurements) th\n+000278b0: 6973 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 0a77 696c is situation.wil\n+000278c0: 6c20 6265 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 l be considered \n+000278d0: 746f 2062 6520 6661 7461 6c20 616e 6420 to be fatal and \n+000278e0: 6572 726f 722d 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 7320 error-logged as \n+000278f0: 2275 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2054 504d 2065 7272 \"unknown TPM err\n+00027900: 6f72 222e 0a49 6620 6e6f 7420 7365 742c or\"..If not set,\n+00027910: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 204f 5320 booting the OS \n+00027920: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 656e 6162 6c65 642e will be enabled.\n+00027930: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00027940: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 456e 7669 nfo, Node: Envi\n+00027950: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2c 2020 ronment block, \n+00027960: 5072 6576 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Prev: Special en\n+00027970: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00027980: 6c65 732c 2020 5570 3a20 456e 7669 726f les, Up: Enviro\n+00027990: 6e6d 656e 740a 0a31 352e 3220 5468 6520 nment..15.2 The \n+000279a0: 4752 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 GRUB environment\n+000279b0: 2062 6c6f 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d block.=========\n 000279c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000279d0: 3d3d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 ==..It is often \n-000279e0: 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6265 2061 626c useful to be abl\n-000279f0: 6520 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 6120 e to remember a \n-00027a00: 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 small amount of \n-00027a10: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 6672 6f6d information.from\n-00027a20: 206f 6e65 2062 6f6f 7420 746f 2074 6865 one boot to the\n-00027a30: 206e 6578 742e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d next. For exam\n-00027a40: 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206d 6967 6874 2077 ple, you might w\n-00027a50: 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2074 6865 0a64 ant to set the.d\n-00027a60: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 efault menu entr\n-00027a70: 7920 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2077 6861 7420 y based on what \n-00027a80: 7761 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2074 6865 was selected the\n-00027a90: 206c 6173 7420 7469 6d65 2e20 2047 5255 last time. GRU\n-00027aa0: 420a 6465 6c69 6265 7261 7465 6c79 2064 B.deliberately d\n-00027ab0: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e oes not implemen\n-00027ac0: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 7772 t support for wr\n-00027ad0: 6974 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 696e 206f iting files in o\n-00027ae0: 7264 6572 2074 6f0a 6d69 6e69 6d69 7365 rder to.minimise\n-00027af0: 2074 6865 2070 6f73 7369 6269 6c69 7479 the possibility\n-00027b00: 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 of the boot loa\n-00027b10: 6465 7220 6265 696e 6720 7265 7370 6f6e der being respon\n-00027b20: 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 6669 6c65 0a73 sible for file.s\n-00027b30: 7973 7465 6d20 636f 7272 7570 7469 6f6e ystem corruption\n-00027b40: 2c20 736f 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 , so a GRUB conf\n-00027b50: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2063 iguration file c\n-00027b60: 616e 6e6f 7420 6a75 7374 2063 7265 6174 annot just creat\n-00027b70: 6520 610a 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e a.file in the \n-00027b80: 6f72 6469 6e61 7279 2077 6179 2e20 2048 ordinary way. H\n-00027b90: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f owever, GRUB pro\n-00027ba0: 7669 6465 7320 616e 2022 656e 7669 726f vides an \"enviro\n-00027bb0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b22 0a77 6869 nment block\".whi\n-00027bc0: 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 ch can be used t\n-00027bd0: 6f20 7361 7665 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 o save a small a\n-00027be0: 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 7461 7465 2e0a mount of state..\n-00027bf0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d . The environm\n-00027c00: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6973 2061 2070 ent block is a p\n-00027c10: 7265 616c 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 3130 3234 reallocated 1024\n-00027c20: 2d62 7974 6520 6669 6c65 2c20 7768 6963 -byte file, whic\n-00027c30: 680a 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206c 6976 6573 h.normally lives\n-00027c40: 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 in .../boot/gru\n-00027c50: 622f 6772 7562 656e 76e2 8099 2028 616c b/grubenv... (al\n-00027c60: 7468 6f75 6768 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c though you shoul\n-00027c70: 6420 6e6f 7420 6173 7375 6d65 0a74 6869 d not assume.thi\n-00027c80: 7329 2e20 2041 7420 626f 6f74 2074 696d s). At boot tim\n-00027c90: 652c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6c6f 6164 5f65 e, the ...load_e\n-00027ca0: 6e76 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a nv... command (*\n-00027cb0: 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a 3a29 note load_env::)\n-00027cc0: 206c 6f61 6473 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 loads.environme\n-00027cd0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f nt variables fro\n-00027ce0: 6d20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 e280 m it, and the ..\n-00027cf0: 9873 6176 655f 656e 76e2 8099 2028 2a6e .save_env... (*n\n-00027d00: 6f74 6520 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a 290a ote save_env::).\n-00027d10: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7361 7665 7320 656e command saves en\n-00027d20: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00027d30: 6c65 7320 746f 2069 742e 2020 4672 6f6d les to it. From\n-00027d40: 2061 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2073 7973 7465 a running syste\n-00027d50: 6d2c 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d65 m, the....grub-e\n-00027d60: 6469 7465 6e76 e280 9920 7574 696c 6974 ditenv... utilit\n-00027d70: 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f y can be used to\n-00027d80: 2065 6469 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f edit the enviro\n-00027d90: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 nment block... \n-00027da0: 2046 6f72 2073 6166 6574 7920 7265 6173 For safety reas\n-00027db0: 6f6e 732c 2074 6869 7320 7374 6f72 6167 ons, this storag\n-00027dc0: 6520 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 e is only availa\n-00027dd0: 626c 6520 7768 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ble when install\n-00027de0: 6564 206f 6e0a 6120 706c 6169 6e20 6469 ed on.a plain di\n-00027df0: 736b 2028 6e6f 204c 564d 206f 7220 5241 sk (no LVM or RA\n-00027e00: 4944 292c 2075 7369 6e67 2061 206e 6f6e ID), using a non\n-00027e10: 2d63 6865 636b 7375 6d6d 696e 6720 6669 -checksumming fi\n-00027e20: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2028 6e6f 0a5a 4653 lesystem (no.ZFS\n-00027e30: 292c 2061 6e64 2075 7369 6e67 2042 494f ), and using BIO\n-00027e40: 5320 6f72 2045 4649 2066 756e 6374 696f S or EFI functio\n-00027e50: 6e73 2028 6e6f 2041 5441 2c20 5553 4220 ns (no ATA, USB \n-00027e60: 6f72 2049 4545 4531 3237 3529 2e0a 0a20 or IEEE1275)... \n-00027e70: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 ...grub-mkconf\n-00027e80: 6967 e280 9920 7573 6573 2074 6869 7320 ig... uses this \n-00027e90: 6661 6369 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 696d 706c facility to impl\n-00027ea0: 656d 656e 7420 e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 ement ...GRUB_SA\n-00027eb0: 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a28 2a6e VEDEFAULT....(*n\n-00027ec0: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 ote Simple confi\n-00027ed0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a guration::).....\n-00027ee0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00027ef0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 732c Node: Modules,\n-00027f00: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 Next: Commands\n-00027f10: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e , Prev: Environ\n-00027f20: 6d65 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ment, Up: Top..\n-00027f30: 3136 204d 6f64 756c 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 16 Modules.*****\n-00027f40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 6973 2063 *****..In this c\n-00027f50: 6861 7074 6572 2c20 7765 206c 6973 7420 hapter, we list \n-00027f60: 616c 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7468 6174 all modules that\n-00027f70: 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 are available i\n-00027f80: 6e20 4752 5542 0a28 6375 7272 656e 746c n GRUB.(currentl\n-00027f90: 7920 696e 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 292e 0a0a y incomplete)...\n-00027fa0: 2020 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2063 616e 2062 Modules can b\n-00027fb0: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2076 6961 2074 6865 e loaded via the\n-00027fc0: 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a ...insmod... (*\n-00027fd0: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2063 note insmod::) c\n-00027fe0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a ommand...* Menu:\n-00027ff0: 0a0a 2a20 626c 693a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ..* bli::....Fil\n-00028000: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00028010: 6f64 653a 2062 6c69 2c20 2055 703a 204d ode: bli, Up: M\n-00028020: 6f64 756c 6573 0a0a 3136 2e31 2062 6c69 odules..16.1 bli\n-00028030: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6869 7320 .========..This \n-00028040: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 module provides \n-00028050: 6261 7369 6320 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f basic support fo\n-00028060: 7220 7468 6520 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 6465 r the Boot Loade\n-00028070: 7220 496e 7465 7266 6163 652e 2020 5468 r Interface. Th\n-00028080: 650a 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 6465 7220 496e e.Boot Loader In\n-00028090: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 terface specifie\n-000280a0: 7320 6120 7365 7420 6f66 2045 4649 2076 s a set of EFI v\n-000280b0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6861 7420 6172 ariables that ar\n-000280c0: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 636f 6d6d 756e e used to.commun\n-000280d0: 6963 6174 6520 626f 6f74 2d74 696d 6520 icate boot-time \n-000280e0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6265 7477 information betw\n-000280f0: 6565 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 een the bootload\n-00028100: 6572 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a6f 7065 7261 er and the.opera\n-00028110: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 ting system... \n-00028120: 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2076 The following v\n-00028130: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7265 2070 6c61 ariables are pla\n-00028140: 6365 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 7665 ced under the ve\n-00028150: 6e64 6f72 2055 5549 440a e280 9834 6136 ndor UUID....4a6\n-00028160: 3762 3038 322d 3061 3463 2d34 3163 662d 7b082-0a4c-41cf-\n-00028170: 6236 6337 2d34 3430 6232 3962 6238 6334 b6c7-440b29bb8c4\n-00028180: 66e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6d6f f... when the mo\n-00028190: 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 3a0a dule is loaded:.\n-000281a0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4750 5420 7061 7274 . The GPT part\n-000281b0: 6974 696f 6e20 5555 4944 206f 6620 7468 ition UUID of th\n-000281c0: 6520 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d 2050 6172 e EFI System Par\n-000281d0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6475 7269 tition used duri\n-000281e0: 6e67 2062 6f6f 740a 6973 2070 7562 6c69 ng boot.is publi\n-000281f0: 7368 6564 2076 6961 2074 6865 20e2 8098 shed via the ...\n-00028200: 4c6f 6164 6572 4465 7669 6365 5061 7274 LoaderDevicePart\n-00028210: 5555 4944 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 UUID... variable\n-00028220: 2e20 2054 6865 2042 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 . The Boot Load\n-00028230: 6572 0a49 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2073 7065 er.Interface spe\n-00028240: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2072 6571 7569 cification requi\n-00028250: 7265 7320 4750 5420 666f 726d 6174 7465 res GPT formatte\n-00028260: 6420 6472 6976 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2062 d drives. The b\n-00028270: 6c69 206d 6f64 756c 650a 6967 6e6f 7265 li module.ignore\n-00028280: 7320 6472 6976 6573 2f70 6172 7469 7469 s drives/partiti\n-00028290: 6f6e 7320 696e 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 ons in any other\n-000282a0: 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4966 2047 5255 format. If GRU\n-000282b0: 4220 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 6f6d B is loaded from\n-000282c0: 2061 0a6e 6f6e 2d47 5054 2070 6172 7469 a.non-GPT parti\n-000282d0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 652e 672e 2020 6672 6f6d tion, e.g. from\n-000282e0: 2061 6e20 4d53 444f 5320 666f 726d 6174 an MSDOS format\n-000282f0: 7465 6420 6472 6976 6520 6f72 206e 6574 ted drive or net\n-00028300: 776f 726b 2c20 7468 6973 0a76 6172 6961 work, this.varia\n-00028310: 626c 6520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 ble will not be \n-00028320: 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 2073 7472 696e set... A strin\n-00028330: 6720 6964 656e 7469 6679 696e 6720 4752 g identifying GR\n-00028340: 5542 2061 7320 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 UB as the active\n-00028350: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 696e 636c bootloader incl\n-00028360: 7564 696e 6720 7468 650a 7665 7273 696f uding the.versio\n-00028370: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 7374 6f72 n number is stor\n-00028380: 6564 2069 6e20 e280 984c 6f61 6465 7249 ed in ...LoaderI\n-00028390: 6e66 6fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 nfo...... This\n-000283a0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 module is only \n-000283b0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2055 4546 available on UEF\n-000283c0: 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a0a 1f0a I platforms.....\n-000283d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000283e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 Node: Commands\n-000283f0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 , Next: Interna\n-00028400: 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 tionalisation, \n-00028410: 5072 6576 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2020 Prev: Modules, \n-00028420: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3720 4176 6169 Up: Top..17 Avai\n-00028430: 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a2a lable commands.*\n-00028440: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00028450: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 2074 6869 7320 6368 ****..In this ch\n-00028460: 6170 7465 722c 2077 6520 6c69 7374 2061 apter, we list a\n-00028470: 6c6c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 6174 ll commands that\n-00028480: 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 are available i\n-00028490: 6e20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 6d6d n GRUB... Comm\n-000284a0: 616e 6473 2062 656c 6f6e 6720 746f 2064 ands belong to d\n-000284b0: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2067 726f 7570 732e ifferent groups.\n-000284c0: 2020 4120 6665 7720 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 A few can only\n-000284d0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a be used in the.\n-000284e0: 676c 6f62 616c 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 206f global section o\n-000284f0: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 f the configurat\n-00028500: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 6f72 2022 6d65 ion file (or \"me\n-00028510: 6e75 2229 3b20 6d6f 7374 206f 6620 7468 nu\"); most of th\n-00028520: 656d 2063 616e 0a62 6520 656e 7465 7265 em can.be entere\n-00028530: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 d on the command\n-00028540: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 -line and can be\n-00028550: 2075 7365 6420 6569 7468 6572 2061 6e79 used either any\n-00028560: 7768 6572 6520 696e 2074 6865 0a6d 656e where in the.men\n-00028570: 7520 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 6c6c u or specificall\n-00028580: 7920 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e y in the menu en\n-00028590: 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 7265 tries... 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All op\n-00029210: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7468 6520 7361 tions are the sa\n-00029220: 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 me as in the ...\n-00029230: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d menuentry... com\n-00029240: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 mand (*note. \n-00029250: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 292e 0a0a menuentry::)...\n-00029260: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00029270: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 o, Node: Loader\n-00029280: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 commands, Next\n-00029290: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e : General comman\n-000292a0: 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 656e 752d ds, Prev: Menu-\n-000292b0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 specific command\n-000292c0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 s, Up: Commands\n-000292d0: 0a0a 3137 2e32 2056 6172 696f 7573 206c ..17.2 Various l\n-000292e0: 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d oader commands.=\n-000292f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00029300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n-00029310: 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 se commands are \n-00029320: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 206e 6563 used to load nec\n-00029330: 6573 7361 7279 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 essary component\n-00029340: 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6465 7369 7265 s to boot desire\n-00029350: 6420 4f53 2e0a 4d61 6e79 206f 6620 7468 d OS..Many of th\n-00029360: 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e loader command\n-00029370: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 7375 6666 6963 s are not suffic\n-00029380: 6965 6e74 6c79 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7465 iently documente\n-00029390: 642e 2020 5468 650a 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e d. The.followin\n-000293a0: 6720 6973 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 g is a list of c\n-000293b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 6174 2063 6f75 ommands that cou\n-000293c0: 6c64 2075 7365 206d 6f72 6520 646f 6375 ld use more docu\n-000293d0: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 20e2 mentation:.. .\n-000293e0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 .. ...appleloade\n-000293f0: 72e2 8099 202d 2042 6f6f 7420 4249 4f53 r... - Boot BIOS\n-00029400: 2d62 6173 6564 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a20 -based system.. \n-00029410: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 7265 6564 6f73 ... ...freedos\n-00029420: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6544 ... - Load FreeD\n-00029430: 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 7379 732e 0a20 OS kernel.sys.. \n-00029440: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 6565 6273 ... ...kfreebs\n-00029450: 645f 6c6f 6164 656e 76e2 8099 202d 204c d_loadenv... - L\n-00029460: 6f61 6420 4672 6565 4253 4420 656e 762e oad FreeBSD env.\n-00029470: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 6565 . ... ...kfree\n-00029480: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 bsd_module_elf..\n-00029490: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 . - Load FreeBSD\n-000294a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 kernel module (\n-000294b0: 454c 4629 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ELF).. ... ...\n-000294c0: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 kfreebsd_module.\n-000294d0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 4253 .. - Load FreeBS\n-000294e0: 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 652e D kernel module.\n-000294f0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 6565 . ... ...kfree\n-00029500: 6273 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 bsd... - Load ke\n-00029510: 726e 656c 206f 6620 4672 6565 4253 442e rnel of FreeBSD.\n-00029520: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6e65 7462 . ... ...knetb\n-00029530: 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 sd_module_elf...\n-00029540: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e65 7442 5344 206b - Load NetBSD k\n-00029550: 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 454c ernel module (EL\n-00029560: 4629 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e F).. ... ...kn\n-00029570: 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 etbsd_module... \n-00029580: 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 - Load NetBSD ke\n-00029590: 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 rnel module.. \n-000295a0: e280 a220 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 e280 ... ...knetbsd..\n-000295b0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 . - Load kernel \n-000295c0: 6f66 204e 6574 4253 442e 0a20 2020 e280 of NetBSD.. ..\n-000295d0: a220 e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 64e2 8099 . ...kopenbsd...\n-000295e0: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f - Load kernel o\n-000295f0: 6620 4f70 656e 4253 442e 0a20 2020 e280 f OpenBSD.. ..\n-00029600: a220 e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 645f 7261 . ...kopenbsd_ra\n-00029610: 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 mdisk... - Load \n-00029620: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2072 616d 6469 736b kOpenBSD ramdisk\n-00029630: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 .. ... ...lega\n-00029640: 6379 5f69 6e69 7472 645f 6e6f 756e 7a69 cy_initrd_nounzi\n-00029650: 70e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 p... - Simulate \n-00029660: 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 276d 6f64 grub-legacy 'mod\n-00029670: 756c 656e 6f75 6e7a 6970 270a 2020 2020 ulenounzip'. \n-00029680: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 command. ... \n-00029690: e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 696e 6974 7264 ...legacy_initrd\n-000296a0: e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 ... - Simulate g\n-000296b0: 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 696e 6974 rub-legacy 'init\n-000296c0: 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 rd' command. .\n-000296d0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f6b 6572 .. ...legacy_ker\n-000296e0: 6e65 6ce2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 nel... - Simulat\n-000296f0: 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 276b e grub-legacy 'k\n-00029700: 6572 6e65 6c27 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 ernel' command. \n-00029710: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6f64 756c 6532 ... ...module2\n-00029720: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c ... - Load a mul\n-00029730: 7469 626f 6f74 2032 206d 6f64 756c 652e tiboot 2 module.\n-00029740: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6f64 756c . ... ...modul\n-00029750: 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 e... - Load a mu\n-00029760: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a ltiboot module..\n-00029770: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d75 6c74 6962 ... ...multib\n-00029780: 6f6f 7432 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 oot2... - Load a\n-00029790: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2032 206b 6572 multiboot 2 ker\n-000297a0: 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d nel.. ... ...m\n-000297b0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f ultiboot... - Lo\n-000297c0: 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b ad a multiboot k\n-000297d0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ernel.. ... ..\n-000297e0: 986e 746c 6472 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 .ntldr... - Load\n-000297f0: 204e 544c 4452 206f 7220 426f 6f74 4d47 NTLDR or BootMG\n-00029800: 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 6c61 R.. ... ...pla\n-00029810: 6e39 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2050 6c61 n9... - Load Pla\n-00029820: 6e39 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 e280 n9 kernel.. ..\n-00029830: a220 e280 9870 7865 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 . ...pxechainloa\n-00029840: 6465 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 der... - Load a \n-00029850: 5058 4520 696d 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 PXE image.. ..\n-00029860: a220 e280 9874 7275 6563 7279 7074 e280 . ...truecrypt..\n-00029870: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2054 7275 6563 7279 . - Load Truecry\n-00029880: 7074 2049 534f 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 pt ISO.. ... .\n-00029890: 8098 786e 755f 6b65 726e 656c 3634 e280 ..xnu_kernel64..\n-000298a0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2036 342d 6269 7420 . - Load 64-bit \n-000298b0: 584e 5520 696d 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 XNU image.. ..\n-000298c0: a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 . ...xnu_kernel.\n-000298d0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 696d .. - Load XNU im\n-000298e0: 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 age.. ... ...x\n-000298f0: 6e75 5f6b 6578 7464 6972 e280 9920 2d20 nu_kextdir... - \n-00029900: 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2065 7874 656e 7369 Load XNU extensi\n-00029910: 6f6e 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e0a 2020 on directory.. \n-00029920: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 7874 ... ...xnu_kext\n-00029930: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2065 ... - Load XNU e\n-00029940: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 xtension.. ...\n-00029950: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6d6b 6578 74e2 8099 ...xnu_mkext...\n-00029960: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 - Load XNU exte\n-00029970: 6e73 696f 6e20 7061 636b 6167 652e 0a20 nsion package.. \n-00029980: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f72 616d ... ...xnu_ram\n-00029990: 6469 736b e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 disk... - Load X\n-000299a0: 4e55 2072 616d 6469 736b 2e20 2049 7420 NU ramdisk. It \n-000299b0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c will be availabl\n-000299c0: 6520 696e 204f 5320 6173 0a20 2020 2020 e in OS as. \n-000299d0: 6d64 302e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 md0.. ... ...x\n-000299e0: 6e75 5f72 6573 756d 65e2 8099 202d 204c nu_resume... - L\n-000299f0: 6f61 6420 616e 2069 6d61 6765 206f 6620 oad an image of \n-00029a00: 6869 6265 726e 6174 6564 2058 4e55 2e0a hibernated XNU..\n-00029a10: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7370 ... ...xnu_sp\n-00029a20: 6c61 7368 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 lash... - Load a\n-00029a30: 2073 706c 6173 6820 696d 6167 6520 666f splash image fo\n-00029a40: 7220 584e 552e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a r XNU...* Menu:.\n-00029a50: 0a2a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 3a3a .* chainloader::\n-00029a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029a70: 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 Chain-load anot\n-00029a80: 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a her boot loader.\n-00029a90: 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * initrd:: \n+000279d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 6f66 ======..It is of\n+000279e0: 7465 6e20 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6265 ten useful to be\n+000279f0: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 able to remembe\n+00027a00: 7220 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 r a small amount\n+00027a10: 206f 6620 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a of information.\n+00027a20: 6672 6f6d 206f 6e65 2062 6f6f 7420 746f from one boot to\n+00027a30: 2074 6865 206e 6578 742e 2020 466f 7220 the next. For \n+00027a40: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206d 6967 example, you mig\n+00027a50: 6874 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2074 ht want to set t\n+00027a60: 6865 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 he.default menu \n+00027a70: 656e 7472 7920 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2077 entry based on w\n+00027a80: 6861 7420 7761 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 hat was selected\n+00027a90: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 7469 6d65 2e20 the last time. \n+00027aa0: 2047 5255 420a 6465 6c69 6265 7261 7465 GRUB.deliberate\n+00027ab0: 6c79 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 696d 706c ly does not impl\n+00027ac0: 656d 656e 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f ement support fo\n+00027ad0: 7220 7772 6974 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 r writing files \n+00027ae0: 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f0a 6d69 6e69 in order to.mini\n+00027af0: 6d69 7365 2074 6865 2070 6f73 7369 6269 mise the possibi\n+00027b00: 6c69 7479 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 lity of the boot\n+00027b10: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6265 696e 6720 7265 loader being re\n+00027b20: 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 6669 sponsible for fi\n+00027b30: 6c65 0a73 7973 7465 6d20 636f 7272 7570 le.system corrup\n+00027b40: 7469 6f6e 2c20 736f 2061 2047 5255 4220 tion, so a GRUB \n+00027b50: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00027b60: 6c65 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6a75 7374 2063 le cannot just c\n+00027b70: 7265 6174 6520 610a 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 reate a.file in \n+00027b80: 7468 6520 6f72 6469 6e61 7279 2077 6179 the ordinary way\n+00027b90: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 4752 5542 . However, GRUB\n+00027ba0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 616e 2022 656e provides an \"en\n+00027bb0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b22 vironment block\"\n+00027bc0: 0a77 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 .which can be us\n+00027bd0: 6564 2074 6f20 7361 7665 2061 2073 6d61 ed to save a sma\n+00027be0: 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 7461 ll amount of sta\n+00027bf0: 7465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 656e 7669 te... The envi\n+00027c00: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6973 ronment block is\n+00027c10: 2061 2070 7265 616c 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 a preallocated \n+00027c20: 3130 3234 2d62 7974 6520 6669 6c65 2c20 1024-byte file, \n+00027c30: 7768 6963 680a 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206c which.normally l\n+00027c40: 6976 6573 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 ives in .../boot\n+00027c50: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 656e 76e2 8099 /grub/grubenv...\n+00027c60: 2028 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2079 6f75 2073 (although you s\n+00027c70: 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6173 7375 6d65 hould not assume\n+00027c80: 0a74 6869 7329 2e20 2041 7420 626f 6f74 .this). At boot\n+00027c90: 2074 696d 652c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6c6f time, the ...lo\n+00027ca0: 6164 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e ad_env... comman\n+00027cb0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 645f 656e d (*note load_en\n+00027cc0: 763a 3a29 206c 6f61 6473 0a65 6e76 6972 v::) loads.envir\n+00027cd0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00027ce0: 2066 726f 6d20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 7468 from it, and th\n+00027cf0: 6520 e280 9873 6176 655f 656e 76e2 8099 e ...save_env...\n+00027d00: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 (*note save_env\n+00027d10: 3a3a 290a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7361 7665 ::).command save\n+00027d20: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s environment va\n+00027d30: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f 2069 742e 2020 riables to it. \n+00027d40: 4672 6f6d 2061 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2073 From a running s\n+00027d50: 7973 7465 6d2c 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6772 ystem, the....gr\n+00027d60: 7562 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 e280 9920 7574 ub-editenv... ut\n+00027d70: 696c 6974 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 ility can be use\n+00027d80: 6420 746f 2065 6469 7420 7468 6520 656e d to edit the en\n+00027d90: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e vironment block.\n+00027da0: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2073 6166 6574 7920 .. For safety \n+00027db0: 7265 6173 6f6e 732c 2074 6869 7320 7374 reasons, this st\n+00027dc0: 6f72 6167 6520 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 orage is only av\n+00027dd0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7768 656e 2069 6e73 ailable when ins\n+00027de0: 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e0a 6120 706c 6169 talled on.a plai\n+00027df0: 6e20 6469 736b 2028 6e6f 204c 564d 206f n disk (no LVM o\n+00027e00: 7220 5241 4944 292c 2075 7369 6e67 2061 r RAID), using a\n+00027e10: 206e 6f6e 2d63 6865 636b 7375 6d6d 696e non-checksummin\n+00027e20: 6720 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2028 6e6f g filesystem (no\n+00027e30: 0a5a 4653 292c 2061 6e64 2075 7369 6e67 .ZFS), and using\n+00027e40: 2042 494f 5320 6f72 2045 4649 2066 756e BIOS or EFI fun\n+00027e50: 6374 696f 6e73 2028 6e6f 2041 5441 2c20 ctions (no ATA, \n+00027e60: 5553 4220 6f72 2049 4545 4531 3237 3529 USB or IEEE1275)\n+00027e70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ... ...grub-mk\n+00027e80: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7573 6573 2074 config... uses t\n+00027e90: 6869 7320 6661 6369 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 his facility to \n+00027ea0: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 e280 9847 5255 implement ...GRU\n+00027eb0: 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 B_SAVEDEFAULT...\n+00027ec0: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 .(*note Simple c\n+00027ed0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e onfiguration::).\n+00027ee0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00027ef0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d6f 6475 nfo, Node: Modu\n+00027f00: 6c65 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d les, Next: Comm\n+00027f10: 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2045 6e76 ands, Prev: Env\n+00027f20: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ironment, Up: T\n+00027f30: 6f70 0a0a 3136 204d 6f64 756c 6573 0a2a op..16 Modules.*\n+00027f40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 *********..In th\n+00027f50: 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 2c20 7765 206c is chapter, we l\n+00027f60: 6973 7420 616c 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 ist all modules \n+00027f70: 7468 6174 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 that are availab\n+00027f80: 6c65 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a28 6375 7272 le in GRUB.(curr\n+00027f90: 656e 746c 7920 696e 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 ently incomplete\n+00027fa0: 292e 0a0a 2020 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2063 )... Modules c\n+00027fb0: 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2076 6961 an be loaded via\n+00027fc0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 the ...insmod..\n+00027fd0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a . (*note insmod:\n+00027fe0: 3a29 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a2a 204d :) command...* M\n+00027ff0: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 626c 693a 3a0a 0a1f enu:..* bli::...\n+00028000: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00028010: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6c69 2c20 2055 , Node: bli, U\n+00028020: 703a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 0a0a 3136 2e31 p: Modules..16.1\n+00028030: 2062 6c69 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 bli.========..T\n+00028040: 6869 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2070 726f 7669 his module provi\n+00028050: 6465 7320 6261 7369 6320 7375 7070 6f72 des basic suppor\n+00028060: 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 426f 6f74 204c t for the Boot L\n+00028070: 6f61 6465 7220 496e 7465 7266 6163 652e oader Interface.\n+00028080: 2020 5468 650a 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 6465 The.Boot Loade\n+00028090: 7220 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7370 6563 r Interface spec\n+000280a0: 6966 6965 7320 6120 7365 7420 6f66 2045 ifies a set of E\n+000280b0: 4649 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6861 FI variables tha\n+000280c0: 7420 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 636f t are used to.co\n+000280d0: 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 6520 626f 6f74 2d74 mmunicate boot-t\n+000280e0: 696d 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ime information \n+000280f0: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 between the boot\n+00028100: 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a6f loader and the.o\n+00028110: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2e perating system.\n+00028120: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 .. 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T\n+00028270: 6865 2062 6c69 206d 6f64 756c 650a 6967 he bli module.ig\n+00028280: 6e6f 7265 7320 6472 6976 6573 2f70 6172 nores drives/par\n+00028290: 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2061 6e79 206f titions in any o\n+000282a0: 7468 6572 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4966 ther format. If\n+000282b0: 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 GRUB is loaded \n+000282c0: 6672 6f6d 2061 0a6e 6f6e 2d47 5054 2070 from a.non-GPT p\n+000282d0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 652e 672e 2020 artition, e.g. \n+000282e0: 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 4d53 444f 5320 666f from an MSDOS fo\n+000282f0: 726d 6174 7465 6420 6472 6976 6520 6f72 rmatted drive or\n+00028300: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 7468 6973 0a76 network, this.v\n+00028310: 6172 6961 626c 6520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 ariable will not\n+00028320: 2062 6520 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 2073 be set... A s\n+00028330: 7472 696e 6720 6964 656e 7469 6679 696e tring identifyin\n+00028340: 6720 4752 5542 2061 7320 7468 6520 6163 g GRUB as the ac\n+00028350: 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 tive bootloader \n+00028360: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 650a 7665 including the.ve\n+00028370: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 rsion number is \n+00028380: 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 e280 984c 6f61 stored in ...Loa\n+00028390: 6465 7249 6e66 6fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 derInfo...... \n+000283a0: 5468 6973 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206f This module is o\n+000283b0: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e nly available on\n+000283c0: 2055 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e UEFI platforms.\n+000283d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000283e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d nfo, Node: Comm\n+000283f0: 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 ands, Next: Int\n+00028400: 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f ernationalisatio\n+00028410: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 n, Prev: Module\n+00028420: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3720 s, Up: Top..17 \n+00028430: 4176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e Available comman\n+00028440: 6473 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ds.*************\n+00028450: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 2074 6869 ********..In thi\n+00028460: 7320 6368 6170 7465 722c 2077 6520 6c69 s chapter, we li\n+00028470: 7374 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 st all commands \n+00028480: 7468 6174 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 that are availab\n+00028490: 6c65 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 le in GRUB... \n+000284a0: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2062 656c 6f6e 6720 Commands belong \n+000284b0: 746f 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2067 726f to different gro\n+000284c0: 7570 732e 2020 4120 6665 7720 6361 6e20 ups. 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If you \n+00028650: 656e 6420 7570 2069 6e20 7265 7363 7565 end up in rescue\n+00028660: 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 646f 206e 6f74 mode and do not\n+00028670: 206b 6e6f 7720 7768 6174 0a74 6f20 646f know what.to do\n+00028680: 2c20 7468 656e 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 5255 , then *note GRU\n+00028690: 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 B only offers a \n+000286a0: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 3a3a 2e0a rescue shell::..\n+000286b0: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 .* Menu:..* Menu\n+000286c0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e -specific comman\n+000286d0: 6473 3a3a 0a2a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f ds::.* Loader co\n+000286e0: 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 mmands::.* Gener\n+000286f0: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 al commands::.* \n+00028700: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00028710: 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 4e65 7477 6f72 mands::.* Networ\n+00028720: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a king commands::.\n+00028730: 2a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 * Undocumented c\n+00028740: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ommands::....Fil\n+00028750: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00028760: 6f64 653a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 ode: Menu-specif\n+00028770: 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 ic commands, Ne\n+00028780: 7874 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 xt: Loader comma\n+00028790: 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e nds, Up: Comman\n+000287a0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e31 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ds..17.1 Command\n+000287b0: 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 206f s for the menu o\n+000287c0: 6e6c 790a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nly.============\n+000287d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000287e0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2073 656d 616e 7469 ===..The semanti\n+000287f0: 6373 2075 7365 6420 696e 2070 6172 7369 cs used in parsi\n+00028800: 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ng the configura\n+00028810: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6172 6520 7468 tion file are th\n+00028820: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 e following:.. \n+00028830: 20e2 80a2 2054 6865 2066 696c 6573 205f ... 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Thes\n+00028980: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 616e 206f e commands can o\n+00028990: 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 nly be used in t\n+000289a0: 6865 206d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 he menu:..* Menu\n+000289b0: 3a0a 0a2a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a :..* menuentry::\n+000289c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000289d0: 2020 2053 7461 7274 2061 206d 656e 7520 Start a menu \n+000289e0: 656e 7472 790a 2a20 7375 626d 656e 753a entry.* submenu:\n+000289f0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00028a00: 2020 2020 2020 4772 6f75 7020 6d65 6e75 Group menu\n+00028a10: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 entries....File\n+00028a20: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00028a30: 6465 3a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 792c 2020 de: menuentry, \n+00028a40: 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 626d 656e 752c 2020 Next: submenu, \n+00028a50: 5570 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Up: Menu-specifi\n+00028a60: 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e31 c commands..17.1\n+00028a70: 2e31 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 0a2d 2d2d .1 menuentry.---\n+00028a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00028a90: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d65 6e75 -- Command: menu\n+00028aa0: 656e 7472 7920 5449 544c 4520 5b2d 2d63 entry TITLE [--c\n+00028ab0: 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 202e 2e2e 5d20 lass=class ...] \n+00028ac0: 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 5d0a [--users=users].\n+00028ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d75 6e72 [--unr\n+00028ae0: 6573 7472 6963 7465 645d 205b 2d2d 686f estricted] [--ho\n+00028af0: 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 5b2d 2d69 643d tkey=key] [--id=\n+00028b00: 6964 5d20 5b41 5247 202e 2e2e 5d20 7b20 id] [ARG ...] { \n+00028b10: 434f 4d4d 414e 443b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 COMMAND;. \n+00028b20: 2020 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ... }. 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When \n+00028b60: 7468 6973 2065 6e74 7279 2069 730a 2020 this entry is. \n+00028b70: 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6672 6f6d selected from\n+00028b80: 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2047 5255 4220 the menu, GRUB \n+00028b90: 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2074 6865 2043 484f will set the CHO\n+00028ba0: 5345 4e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a SEN environment.\n+00028bb0: 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f variable to\n+00028bc0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 e280 982d 2d69 value of ...--i\n+00028bd0: 64e2 8099 2069 6620 e280 982d 2d69 64e2 d... if ...--id.\n+00028be0: 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2065 7865 .. is given, exe\n+00028bf0: 6375 7465 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 cute the list of\n+00028c00: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2067 . commands g\n+00028c10: 6976 656e 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6272 6163 iven within brac\n+00028c20: 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2074 6865 206c es, and if the l\n+00028c30: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 696e 2074 ast command in t\n+00028c40: 6865 206c 6973 740a 2020 2020 2072 6574 he list. ret\n+00028c50: 7572 6e65 6420 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c urned successful\n+00028c60: 6c79 2061 6e64 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ly and a kernel \n+00028c70: 7761 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 7420 7769 was loaded it wi\n+00028c80: 6c6c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 0a20 ll execute the. \n+00028c90: 2020 2020 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2063 ...boot... c\n+00028ca0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ommand... 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Th\n+00028d60: 6520 e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 e280 9920 e ...--users... \n+00028d70: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2067 7261 6e74 7320 7370 option grants sp\n+00028d80: 6563 6966 6963 2075 7365 7273 2061 6363 ecific users acc\n+00028d90: 6573 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 ess to specific \n+00028da0: 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 6965 menu. entrie\n+00028db0: 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 s. *Note Securi\n+00028dc0: 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ty::... The \n+00028dd0: e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 ...--unrestricte\n+00028de0: 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6772 616e d... option gran\n+00028df0: 7473 2061 6c6c 2075 7365 7273 2061 6363 ts all users acc\n+00028e00: 6573 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 630a ess to specific.\n+00028e10: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 menu entrie\n+00028e20: 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 s. *Note Securi\n+00028e30: 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ty::... The \n+00028e40: e280 982d 2d68 6f74 6b65 79e2 8099 206f ...--hotkey... o\n+00028e50: 7074 696f 6e20 6173 736f 6369 6174 6573 ption associates\n+00028e60: 2061 2068 6f74 6b65 7920 7769 7468 2061 a hotkey with a\n+00028e70: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 4b45 menu entry. KE\n+00028e80: 590a 2020 2020 206d 6179 2062 6520 6120 Y. may be a \n+00028e90: 7369 6e67 6c65 206c 6574 7465 722c 206f single letter, o\n+00028ea0: 7220 6f6e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2061 6c69 r one of the ali\n+00028eb0: 6173 6573 20e2 8098 6261 636b 7370 6163 ases ...backspac\n+00028ec0: 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6162 e280 992c e..., ...tab...,\n+00028ed0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 20e2 8098 6465 6c65 . or ...dele\n+00028ee0: 7465 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 te...... The\n+00028ef0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6964 e280 9920 6d61 7920 ...--id... may \n+00028f00: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2061 7373 6f63 be used to assoc\n+00028f10: 6961 7465 2075 6e69 7175 6520 6964 656e iate unique iden\n+00028f20: 7469 6669 6572 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d65 tifier with a me\n+00028f30: 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 792e 2020 nu. entry. \n+00028f40: 4944 2069 7320 7374 7269 6e67 206f 6620 ID is string of \n+00028f50: 4153 4349 4920 6170 6861 6e75 6d65 7269 ASCII aphanumeri\n+00028f60: 6320 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2c20 756e c characters, un\n+00028f70: 6465 7273 636f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 616e derscore. an\n+00028f80: 6420 6879 7068 656e 2061 6e64 2073 686f d hyphen and sho\n+00028f90: 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 7374 6172 7420 7769 uld not start wi\n+00028fa0: 7468 2061 2064 6967 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 th a digit... \n+00028fb0: 2020 416c 6c20 6f74 6865 7220 6172 6775 All other argu\n+00028fc0: 6d65 6e74 7320 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 ments including \n+00028fd0: 5449 544c 4520 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 TITLE are passed\n+00028fe0: 2061 7320 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 0a20 as positional. \n+00028ff0: 2020 2020 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 parameters w\n+00029000: 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d hen list of comm\n+00029010: 616e 6473 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 ands is executed\n+00029020: 2077 6974 6820 5449 544c 4520 616c 7761 with TITLE alwa\n+00029030: 7973 0a20 2020 2020 6173 7369 676e 6564 ys. assigned\n+00029040: 2074 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f to ...$1.......\n+00029050: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00029060: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 , Node: submenu\n+00029070: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 , Prev: menuent\n+00029080: 7279 2c20 2055 703a 204d 656e 752d 7370 ry, Up: Menu-sp\n+00029090: 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a ecific commands.\n+000290a0: 0a31 372e 312e 3220 7375 626d 656e 750a .17.1.2 submenu.\n+000290b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+000290c0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 7562 -- Command: sub\n+000290d0: 6d65 6e75 2054 4954 4c45 205b 2d2d 636c menu TITLE [--cl\n+000290e0: 6173 733d 636c 6173 7320 2e2e 2e5d 205b ass=class ...] [\n+000290f0: 2d2d 7573 6572 733d 7573 6572 735d 0a20 --users=users]. \n+00029100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 756e 7265 [--unre\n+00029110: 7374 7269 6374 6564 5d20 5b2d 2d68 6f74 stricted] [--hot\n+00029120: 6b65 793d 6b65 795d 205b 2d2d 6964 3d69 key=key] [--id=i\n+00029130: 645d 207b 204d 454e 5520 454e 5452 4945 d] { MENU ENTRIE\n+00029140: 5320 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 S ... }. Thi\n+00029150: 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 7375 626d s defines a subm\n+00029160: 656e 752e 2020 416e 2065 6e74 7279 2063 enu. An entry c\n+00029170: 616c 6c65 6420 5449 544c 4520 7769 6c6c alled TITLE will\n+00029180: 2062 6520 6164 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 be added to the\n+00029190: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 3b20 7768 656e . menu; when\n+000291a0: 2074 6861 7420 656e 7472 7920 6973 2073 that entry is s\n+000291b0: 656c 6563 7465 642c 2061 206e 6577 206d elected, a new m\n+000291c0: 656e 7520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 7370 enu will be disp\n+000291d0: 6c61 7965 640a 2020 2020 2073 686f 7769 layed. showi\n+000291e0: 6e67 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2065 6e74 7269 ng all the entri\n+000291f0: 6573 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6973 2073 es within this s\n+00029200: 7562 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c ubmenu... Al\n+00029210: 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7468 l options are th\n+00029220: 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 6865 e same as in the\n+00029230: 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 79e2 8099 ...menuentry...\n+00029240: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a command (*note.\n+00029250: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a menuentry::\n+00029260: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00029270: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f .info, Node: Lo\n+00029280: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 ader commands, \n+00029290: 4e65 7874 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f Next: General co\n+000292a0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d mmands, Prev: M\n+000292b0: 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d enu-specific com\n+000292c0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d mands, Up: Comm\n+000292d0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2056 6172 696f ands..17.2 Vario\n+000292e0: 7573 206c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e us loader comman\n+000292f0: 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ds.=============\n+00029300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00029310: 0a54 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 .These commands \n+00029320: 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 are used to load\n+00029330: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2063 6f6d 706f necessary compo\n+00029340: 6e65 6e74 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6465 nents to boot de\n+00029350: 7369 7265 6420 4f53 2e0a 4d61 6e79 206f sired OS..Many o\n+00029360: 6620 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d f the loader com\n+00029370: 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 7375 mands are not su\n+00029380: 6666 6963 6965 6e74 6c79 2064 6f63 756d fficiently docum\n+00029390: 656e 7465 642e 2020 5468 650a 666f 6c6c ented. The.foll\n+000293a0: 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 206c 6973 7420 owing is a list \n+000293b0: 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 6174 of commands that\n+000293c0: 2063 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 206d 6f72 6520 could use more \n+000293d0: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e3a 0a0a documentation:..\n+000293e0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6170 706c 656c ... ...applel\n+000293f0: 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 202d 2042 6f6f 7420 oader... - Boot \n+00029400: 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 2073 7973 7465 BIOS-based syste\n+00029410: 6d2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 7265 m.. ... ...fre\n+00029420: 6564 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 edos... - Load F\n+00029430: 7265 6544 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 7379 reeDOS kernel.sy\n+00029440: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 s.. ... ...kfr\n+00029450: 6565 6273 645f 6c6f 6164 656e 76e2 8099 eebsd_loadenv...\n+00029460: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 4253 4420 - Load FreeBSD \n+00029470: 656e 762e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b env.. ... ...k\n+00029480: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 freebsd_module_e\n+00029490: 6c66 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 lf... - Load Fre\n+000294a0: 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 eBSD kernel modu\n+000294b0: 6c65 2028 454c 4629 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 le (ELF).. ...\n+000294c0: 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 ...kfreebsd_mod\n+000294d0: 756c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 ule... - Load Fr\n+000294e0: 6565 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 eeBSD kernel mod\n+000294f0: 756c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b ule.. ... ...k\n+00029500: 6672 6565 6273 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 freebsd... - Loa\n+00029510: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4672 6565 d kernel of Free\n+00029520: 4253 442e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b BSD.. ... ...k\n+00029530: 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c netbsd_module_el\n+00029540: 66e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e65 7442 f... - Load NetB\n+00029550: 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 SD kernel module\n+00029560: 2028 454c 4629 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 (ELF).. ... .\n+00029570: 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 ..knetbsd_module\n+00029580: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e 6574 4253 ... - 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Load a multibo\n+000297d0: 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 e280 ot kernel.. ..\n+000297e0: a220 e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 9920 2d20 . ...ntldr... - \n+000297f0: 4c6f 6164 204e 544c 4452 206f 7220 426f Load NTLDR or Bo\n+00029800: 6f74 4d47 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 otMGR.. ... ..\n+00029810: 9870 6c61 6e39 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 .plan9... - Load\n+00029820: 2050 6c61 6e39 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 Plan9 kernel.. \n+00029830: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 7865 6368 6169 ... ...pxechai\n+00029840: 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 nloader... - Loa\n+00029850: 6420 6120 5058 4520 696d 6167 652e 0a20 d a PXE image.. \n+00029860: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 7275 6563 7279 ... ...truecry\n+00029870: 7074 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2054 7275 pt... - Load Tru\n+00029880: 6563 7279 7074 2049 534f 2e0a 2020 20e2 ecrypt ISO.. .\n+00029890: 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 726e 656c .. ...xnu_kernel\n+000298a0: 3634 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2036 342d 64... - Load 64-\n+000298b0: 6269 7420 584e 5520 696d 6167 652e 0a20 bit XNU image.. \n+000298c0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6572 ... ...xnu_ker\n+000298d0: 6e65 6ce2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e nel... - Load XN\n+000298e0: 5520 696d 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 U image.. ... \n+000298f0: e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6578 7464 6972 e280 ...xnu_kextdir..\n+00029900: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2065 7874 . - Load XNU ext\n+00029910: 656e 7369 6f6e 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 ension directory\n+00029920: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n+00029930: 6b65 7874 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 kext... - Load X\n+00029940: 4e55 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2e0a 2020 NU extension.. \n+00029950: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6d6b 6578 ... ...xnu_mkex\n+00029960: 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 t... - Load XNU \n+00029970: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 7061 636b 6167 extension packag\n+00029980: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 e.. ... ...xnu\n+00029990: 5f72 616d 6469 736b e280 9920 2d20 4c6f _ramdisk... - Lo\n+000299a0: 6164 2058 4e55 2072 616d 6469 736b 2e20 ad XNU ramdisk. \n+000299b0: 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6176 6169 It will be avai\n+000299c0: 6c61 626c 6520 696e 204f 5320 6173 0a20 lable in OS as. \n+000299d0: 2020 2020 6d64 302e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 md0.. ... \n+000299e0: e280 9878 6e75 5f72 6573 756d 65e2 8099 ...xnu_resume...\n+000299f0: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 2069 6d61 6765 - Load an image\n+00029a00: 206f 6620 6869 6265 726e 6174 6564 2058 of hibernated X\n+00029a10: 4e55 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e NU.. ... ...xn\n+00029a20: 755f 7370 6c61 7368 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f u_splash... - Lo\n+00029a30: 6164 2061 2073 706c 6173 6820 696d 6167 ad a splash imag\n+00029a40: 6520 666f 7220 584e 552e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 e for XNU...* Me\n+00029a50: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 nu:..* chainload\n+00029a60: 6572 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er:: \n+00029a70: 2020 2020 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 Chain-load \n+00029a80: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 another boot loa\n+00029a90: 6465 720a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 2020 der.* initrd:: \n 00029aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029ab0: 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 2069 6e69 Load a Linux ini\n-00029ac0: 7472 640a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a3a trd.* initrd16::\n-00029ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029ae0: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 Load a Linux\n-00029af0: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2831 362d 6269 7420 initrd (16-bit \n-00029b00: 6d6f 6465 290a 2a20 6c69 6e75 783a 3a20 mode).* linux:: \n-00029b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029b20: 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e Load a Lin\n-00029b30: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2a20 6c69 6e75 ux kernel.* linu\n-00029b40: 7831 363a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x16:: \n-00029b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 Load a\n-00029b60: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 2831 Linux kernel (1\n-00029b70: 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 290a 2a20 7865 6-bit mode).* xe\n-00029b80: 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 3a3a 2020 n_hypervisor:: \n-00029b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 Load\n-00029ba0: 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 xen hypervisor \n-00029bb0: 6269 6e61 7279 2028 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 binary (only on \n-00029bc0: 4141 7263 6836 3429 0a2a 2078 656e 5f6d AArch64).* xen_m\n-00029bd0: 6f64 756c 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 odule:: \n-00029be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7865 Load xe\n-00029bf0: 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 666f 7220 7865 n modules for xe\n-00029c00: 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2028 6f6e n hypervisor (on\n-00029c10: 6c79 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3429 0a0a ly on AArch64)..\n-00029c20: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00029c30: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c o, Node: chainl\n-00029c40: 6f61 6465 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 696e oader, Next: in\n-00029c50: 6974 7264 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 itrd, Up: Loade\n-00029c60: 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 r commands..17.2\n-00029c70: 2e31 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2d .1 chainloader.-\n-00029c80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00029c90: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00029ca0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 5b2d 2d66 chainloader [--f\n-00029cb0: 6f72 6365 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6773 orce] file [args\n-00029cc0: 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2046 ...]. Load F\n-00029cd0: 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6861 696e 2d6c ILE as a chain-l\n-00029ce0: 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4c69 6b65 2061 6e79 oader. Like any\n-00029cf0: 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 6c6f 6164 other file load\n-00029d00: 6564 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 ed by the. f\n-00029d10: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6465 2c20 ilesystem code, \n-00029d20: 6974 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 2062 it can use the b\n-00029d30: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 206e 6f74 6174 696f locklist notatio\n-00029d40: 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 0a20 n (*note Block. \n-00029d50: 2020 2020 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a list syntax:\n-00029d60: 3a29 2074 6f20 6772 6162 2074 6865 2066 :) to grab the f\n-00029d70: 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 irst sector of t\n-00029d80: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2070 6172 7469 he current parti\n-00029d90: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 20e2 tion. with .\n-00029da0: 8098 2b31 e280 992e 2020 4f6e 2045 4649 ..+1.... On EFI\n-00029db0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c20 616e 7920 platforms, any \n-00029dc0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6166 7465 7220 arguments after \n-00029dd0: 4649 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 656e FILE will be sen\n-00029de0: 740a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c6f t. to the lo\n-00029df0: 6164 6564 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 aded image... \n-00029e00: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 If you specify\n-00029e10: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d the option ...-\n-00029e20: 2d66 6f72 6365 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 -force..., then \n-00029e30: 6c6f 6164 2046 494c 4520 666f 7263 6962 load FILE forcib\n-00029e40: 6c79 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6865 7468 6572 ly,. whether\n-00029e50: 2069 7420 6861 7320 6120 636f 7272 6563 it has a correc\n-00029e60: 7420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f72 206e t signature or n\n-00029e70: 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2072 6571 ot. This is req\n-00029e80: 7569 7265 6420 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 uired when. \n-00029e90: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 you want to load\n-00029ea0: 2061 2064 6566 6563 7469 7665 2062 6f6f a defective boo\n-00029eb0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7375 6368 2061 t loader, such a\n-00029ec0: 7320 5343 4f20 556e 6978 5761 7265 2037 s SCO UnixWare 7\n-00029ed0: 2e31 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .1.....File: gru\n-00029ee0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 b.info, Node: i\n-00029ef0: 6e69 7472 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 696e nitrd, Next: in\n-00029f00: 6974 7264 3136 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 itrd16, Prev: c\n-00029f10: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2055 703a hainloader, Up:\n-00029f20: 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Loader commands\n-00029f30: 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e32 2069 6e69 7472 640a ..17.2.2 initrd.\n-00029f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00029f50: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 6974 -- Command: init\n-00029f60: 7264 2066 696c 6520 5b66 696c 6520 2e2e rd file [file ..\n-00029f70: 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2c20 696e .]. Load, in\n-00029f80: 206f 7264 6572 2c20 616c 6c20 696e 6974 order, all init\n-00029f90: 7264 7320 666f 7220 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 rds for a Linux \n-00029fa0: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 616e kernel image, an\n-00029fb0: 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2061 d set the. a\n-00029fc0: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2070 6172 616d ppropriate param\n-00029fd0: 6574 6572 7320 696e 2074 6865 204c 696e eters in the Lin\n-00029fe0: 7578 2073 6574 7570 2061 7265 6120 696e ux setup area in\n-00029ff0: 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5468 6973 206d memory. This m\n-0002a000: 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 ay. only be \n-0002a010: 7573 6564 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 20e2 used after the .\n-0002a020: 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..linux... comma\n-0002a030: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a nd (*note linux:\n-0002a040: 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 :) has been. \n-0002a050: 2072 756e 2e20 2053 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 run. See *note\n-0002a060: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 2066 6f72 GNU/Linux:: for\n-0002a070: 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 206f 6e20 626f more info on bo\n-0002a080: 6f74 696e 6720 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782e oting GNU/Linux.\n-0002a090: 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 . For more i\n-0002a0a0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 696e nformation on in\n-0002a0b0: 6974 7264 7320 7365 6520 7468 6520 474e itrds see the GN\n-0002a0c0: 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 U/Linux kernel. \n-0002a0d0: 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f documentatio\n-0002a0e0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 733a 2f2f n. (https://\n-0002a0f0: 646f 6373 2e6b 6572 6e65 6c2e 6f72 672f docs.kernel.org/\n-0002a100: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 732f 7261 6d66 filesystems/ramf\n-0002a110: 732d 726f 6f74 6673 2d69 6e69 7472 616d s-rootfs-initram\n-0002a120: 6673 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 fs.html)... \n-0002a130: 4120 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 696e 6974 A new-style init\n-0002a140: 7264 2028 666f 7220 6b65 726e 656c 7320 rd (for kernels \n-0002a150: 6e65 7765 7220 7468 616e 2032 2e36 2920 newer than 2.6) \n-0002a160: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206f 6e65 2066 containing one f\n-0002a170: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 6c65 ile. with le\n-0002a180: 6164 696e 6720 7061 7468 2063 6f6d 706f ading path compo\n-0002a190: 6e65 6e74 7320 6361 6e20 616c 736f 2062 nents can also b\n-0002a1a0: 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6174 2072 e generated at r\n-0002a1b0: 756e 2074 696d 652e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 un time.. Th\n-0002a1c0: 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2062 is can be done b\n-0002a1d0: 7920 7072 6566 6978 696e 6720 616e 2061 y prefixing an a\n-0002a1e0: 7267 756d 656e 7420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 rgument with ...\n-0002a1f0: 6e65 7763 3ae2 8099 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 newc:... followe\n-0002a200: 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7061 d by. the pa\n-0002a210: 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 th of the file i\n-0002a220: 6e20 7468 6520 6e65 7720 696e 6974 7264 n the new initrd\n-0002a230: 2c20 6120 e280 983a e280 992c 2061 6e64 , a ...:..., and\n-0002a240: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a20 then the GRUB. \n-0002a250: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2070 6174 6820 746f file path to\n-0002a260: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6461 7461 2074 the file data t\n-0002a270: 6f20 6265 2062 6520 696e 636c 7564 6564 o be be included\n-0002a280: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d ... For exam\n-0002a290: 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 ple:. i\n-0002a2a0: 6e69 7472 6420 6e65 7763 3a2f 6574 632f nitrd newc:/etc/\n-0002a2b0: 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 3a28 6864 302c ssh/config:(hd0,\n-0002a2c0: 3229 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f2e 7373 2)/home/user/.ss\n-0002a2d0: 682f 636f 6e66 6967 205c 0a20 2020 2020 h/config \\. \n-0002a2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 7763 newc\n-0002a2f0: 3a2f 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f :/etc/ssh/ssh_ho\n-0002a300: 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 3a2f 6574 632f st_rsa_key:/etc/\n-0002a310: 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 ssh/ssh_host_rsa\n-0002a320: 5f6b 6579 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _key \\. \n-0002a330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e /boot/in\n-0002a340: 6974 7264 2e67 7a20 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 itrd.gz \\. \n-0002a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 633a newc:\n-0002a360: 2f69 6e69 743a 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 /init:/home/user\n-0002a370: 2f69 6e69 742e 6669 7865 640a 0a20 2020 /init.fixed.. \n-0002a380: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 This command w\n-0002a390: 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2074 776f ill generate two\n-0002a3a0: 206e 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2069 6e69 7472 new-style initr\n-0002a3b0: 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 666c 792e 2020 ds on the fly. \n-0002a3c0: 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6972 7374 2063 The. first c\n-0002a3d0: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 7061 7468 ontains the path\n-0002a3e0: 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f63 6f6e .../etc/ssh/con\n-0002a3f0: 6669 67e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 fig... with the \n-0002a400: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 660a 2020 2020 contents of. \n-0002a410: 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c32 292f 686f 6d65 ...(hd0,2)/home\n-0002a420: 2f75 7365 722f 2e73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 /user/.ssh/confi\n-0002a430: 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6174 g... and the pat\n-0002a440: 680a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f73 h. .../etc/s\n-0002a450: 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f sh/ssh_host_rsa_\n-0002a460: 6b65 79e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 key... with the \n-0002a470: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 660a 2020 2020 contents of. \n-0002a480: 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 .../etc/ssh/ssh\n-0002a490: 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 79e2 8099 _host_rsa_key...\n-0002a4a0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 524f 4f54 2064 6576 on the ROOT dev\n-0002a4b0: 6963 652e 2020 5061 7265 6e74 2064 6972 ice. Parent dir\n-0002a4c0: 6563 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7468 ectory. path\n-0002a4d0: 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 s will automatic\n-0002a4e0: 616c 6c79 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 ally be generate\n-0002a4f0: 6420 6173 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 5468 d as needed. Th\n-0002a500: 6973 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6765 is first. ge\n-0002a510: 6e65 7261 7465 6420 696e 6974 7264 2077 nerated initrd w\n-0002a520: 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2068 6176 6520 e280 ill then have ..\n-0002a530: 982f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a ./boot/initrd.gz\n-0002a540: e280 9920 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6564 ... concatenated\n-0002a550: 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 6974 2e20 . after it. \n-0002a560: 204e 6578 742c 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206e Next, another n\n-0002a570: 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2061 7263 6869 7665 ew-style archive\n-0002a580: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 will be generat\n-0002a590: 6564 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 2074 6865 ed with. the\n-0002a5a0: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 contents of ...\n-0002a5b0: 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f69 6e69 742e /home/user/init.\n-0002a5c0: 6669 7865 64e2 8099 2069 6e20 7468 6520 fixed... in the \n-0002a5d0: 7061 7468 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 path .../init...\n-0002a5e0: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 and. append\n-0002a5f0: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7072 6576 696f ed to the previo\n-0002a600: 7573 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7469 6f6e us concatenation\n-0002a610: 2e20 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 . Finally, the \n-0002a620: 7265 7375 6c74 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 result will. \n-0002a630: 2062 6520 7365 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 be sent to the \n-0002a640: 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 kernel when boot\n-0002a650: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4b65 6570 2069 ed... Keep i\n-0002a660: 6e20 6d69 6e64 2074 6861 7420 7061 7468 n mind that path\n-0002a670: 7320 7468 6174 2063 6f6d 6520 6c61 7465 s that come late\n-0002a680: 7220 7769 6c6c 2074 616b 6520 7072 6563 r will take prec\n-0002a690: 6564 656e 6365 2e20 2053 6f0a 2020 2020 edence. So. \n-0002a6a0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6578 616d 706c 6520 in the example \n-0002a6b0: 6162 6f76 652c 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 above, the gener\n-0002a6c0: 6174 6564 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f 696e ated path .../in\n-0002a6d0: 6974 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 7277 it... will overw\n-0002a6e0: 7269 7465 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 e280 rite any. ..\n-0002a6f0: 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 696e 20e2 8098 ./init... in ...\n-0002a700: 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 7264 2e67 7ae2 /boot/initrd.gz.\n-0002a710: 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6361 6e20 6265 ... This can be\n-0002a720: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 656e 2063 6861 useful when cha\n-0002a730: 6e67 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d nging the. m\n-0002a740: 6169 6e20 696e 6974 7264 2069 7320 756e ain initrd is un\n-0002a750: 6465 7369 7261 626c 6520 6f72 2064 6966 desirable or dif\n-0002a760: 6669 6375 6c74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ficult.....File:\n-0002a770: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002a780: 653a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 4e65 e: initrd16, Ne\n-0002a790: 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 5072 6576 xt: linux, Prev\n-0002a7a0: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 2055 703a 204c : initrd, Up: L\n-0002a7b0: 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a oader commands..\n-0002a7c0: 3137 2e32 2e33 2069 6e69 7472 6431 360a 17.2.3 initrd16.\n-0002a7d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0002a7e0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e . -- Command: in\n-0002a7f0: 6974 7264 3136 2066 696c 6520 5b66 696c itrd16 file [fil\n-0002a800: 6520 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 e ...]. Load\n-0002a810: 2c20 696e 206f 7264 6572 2c20 616c 6c20 , in order, all \n-0002a820: 696e 6974 7264 7320 666f 7220 6120 4c69 initrds for a Li\n-0002a830: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 nux kernel image\n-0002a840: 2074 6f20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 640a 2020 to be booted. \n-0002a850: 2020 2069 6e20 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 in 16-bit mod\n-0002a860: 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 e, and set the a\n-0002a870: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2070 6172 616d ppropriate param\n-0002a880: 6574 6572 7320 696e 2074 6865 204c 696e eters in the Lin\n-0002a890: 7578 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7475 7020 6172 ux. setup ar\n-0002a8a0: 6561 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2054 ea in memory. T\n-0002a8b0: 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 his may only be \n-0002a8c0: 7573 6564 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 20e2 used after the .\n-0002a8d0: 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a20 2020 ..linux16.... \n-0002a8e0: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 command (*note\n-0002a8f0: 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2920 6861 7320 linux16::) has \n-0002a900: 6265 656e 2072 756e 2e20 2053 6565 2061 been run. See a\n-0002a910: 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e 552f 4c69 lso *note GNU/Li\n-0002a920: 6e75 783a 3a0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 nux::. and t\n-0002a930: 6865 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 he ...initrd... \n-0002a940: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 command (*note i\n-0002a950: 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 nitrd::) for mor\n-0002a960: 6520 6465 7461 696c 7320 6f6e 0a20 2020 e details on. \n-0002a970: 2020 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732e 0a0a 2020 arguments... \n-0002a980: 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 This command \n-0002a990: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c is only availabl\n-0002a9a0: 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 6320 706c 6174 e on the pc plat\n-0002a9b0: 666f 726d 2066 6f72 2078 3836 2073 7973 form for x86 sys\n-0002a9c0: 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tems.....File: g\n-0002a9d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002a9e0: 206c 696e 7578 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c linux, Next: l\n-0002a9f0: 696e 7578 3136 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 inux16, Prev: i\n-0002aa00: 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f nitrd16, Up: Lo\n-0002aa10: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ader commands..1\n-0002aa20: 372e 322e 3420 6c69 6e75 780a 2d2d 2d2d 7.2.4 linux.----\n-0002aa30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002aa40: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 696e 7578 2066 696c mmand: linux fil\n-0002aa50: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 e .... Load \n-0002aa60: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 a Linux kernel i\n-0002aa70: 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 mage from FILE. \n-0002aa80: 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 The rest of the\n-0002aa90: 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 line is. pa\n-0002aaa0: 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 ssed verbatim as\n-0002aab0: 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 the ...kernel c\n-0002aac0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 ommand-line.... \n-0002aad0: 2041 6e79 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6d75 7374 Any initrd must\n-0002aae0: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6f61 6465 be. reloade\n-0002aaf0: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 d after using th\n-0002ab00: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 is command (*not\n-0002ab10: 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 e initrd::)... \n-0002ab20: 2020 204f 6e20 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d On x86 system\n-0002ab30: 732c 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 s, the kernel wi\n-0002ab40: 6c6c 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2075 7369 ll be booted usi\n-0002ab50: 6e67 2074 6865 2033 322d 6269 7420 626f ng the 32-bit bo\n-0002ab60: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c ot. protocol\n-0002ab70: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 . Note that thi\n-0002ab80: 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 s means that the\n-0002ab90: 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 626f 6f74 ...vga=... boot\n-0002aba0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 option will. \n-0002abb0: 2020 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 3b20 6966 2079 not work; if y\n-0002abc0: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2061 ou want to set a\n-0002abd0: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2076 6964 656f 206d special video m\n-0002abe0: 6f64 652c 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 6e65 ode, you will ne\n-0002abf0: 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2075 7365 2047 ed to. use G\n-0002ac00: 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 7563 RUB commands suc\n-0002ac10: 6820 6173 20e2 8098 7365 7420 6766 7870 h as ...set gfxp\n-0002ac20: 6179 6c6f 6164 3d31 3032 3478 3736 38e2 ayload=1024x768.\n-0002ac30: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9873 6574 0a20 2020 .. or ...set. \n-0002ac40: 2020 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 3d6b 6565 gfxpayload=kee\n-0002ac50: 70e2 8099 2028 746f 206b 6565 7020 7468 p... (to keep th\n-0002ac60: 6520 7361 6d65 206d 6f64 6520 6173 2075 e same mode as u\n-0002ac70: 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 4229 2069 6e73 sed in GRUB) ins\n-0002ac80: 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 tead.. GRUB \n-0002ac90: 6361 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c can automaticall\n-0002aca0: 7920 6465 7465 6374 2073 6f6d 6520 7573 y detect some us\n-0002acb0: 6573 206f 6620 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 es of ...vga=...\n-0002acc0: 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 0a20 and translate. \n-0002acd0: 2020 2020 7468 656d 2074 6f20 6170 7072 them to appr\n-0002ace0: 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7365 7474 696e 6773 opriate settings\n-0002acf0: 206f 6620 e280 9867 6678 7061 796c 6f61 of ...gfxpayloa\n-0002ad00: 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6c69 d.... The ...li\n-0002ad10: 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f nux16.... co\n-0002ad20: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e mmand (*note lin\n-0002ad30: 7578 3136 3a3a 2920 6176 6f69 6473 2074 ux16::) avoids t\n-0002ad40: 6869 7320 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e2e his restriction.\n-0002ad50: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002ad60: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 nfo, Node: linu\n-0002ad70: 7831 362c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7865 6e5f x16, Next: xen_\n-0002ad80: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 hypervisor, Pre\n-0002ad90: 763a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204c v: linux, Up: L\n-0002ada0: 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a oader commands..\n-0002adb0: 3137 2e32 2e35 206c 696e 7578 3136 0a2d 17.2.5 linux16.-\n-0002adc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002add0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 -- Command: linu\n-0002ade0: 7831 3620 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 x16 file .... \n-0002adf0: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b Load a Linux k\n-0002ae00: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d ernel image from\n-0002ae10: 2046 494c 4520 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 FILE in 16-bit \n-0002ae20: 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 mode. The rest \n-0002ae30: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 of. the line\n-0002ae40: 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 is passed verba\n-0002ae50: 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 tim as the ...ke\n-0002ae60: 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e rnel command-lin\n-0002ae70: 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 e.... Any. \n-0002ae80: 696e 6974 7264 206d 7573 7420 6265 2072 initrd must be r\n-0002ae90: 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 eloaded after us\n-0002aea0: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ing this command\n-0002aeb0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e69 (*note. ini\n-0002aec0: 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 trd16::)... \n-0002aed0: 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c 6c20 The kernel will \n-0002aee0: 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 be booted using \n-0002aef0: 7468 6520 7472 6164 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 the traditional \n-0002af00: 3136 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 16-bit boot. \n-0002af10: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4173 2077 protocol. As w\n-0002af20: 656c 6c20 6173 2062 7970 6173 7369 6e67 ell as bypassing\n-0002af30: 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 7769 7468 20e2 problems with .\n-0002af40: 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 6465 7363 7269 ..vga=... descri\n-0002af50: 6265 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2a6e 6f74 bed in. *not\n-0002af60: 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a2c 2074 6869 7320 e linux::, this \n-0002af70: 7065 726d 6974 7320 626f 6f74 696e 6720 permits booting \n-0002af80: 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2070 726f 6772 some other progr\n-0002af90: 616d 7320 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 696d ams that. im\n-0002afa0: 706c 656d 656e 7420 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 plement the Linu\n-0002afb0: 7820 626f 6f74 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c20 x boot protocol \n-0002afc0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 206f 6620 for the sake of \n-0002afd0: 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652e 0a0a 2020 convenience... \n-0002afe0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 This command \n-0002aff0: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c is only availabl\n-0002b000: 6520 6f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 e on x86 systems\n-0002b010: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002b020: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2078 656e info, Node: xen\n-0002b030: 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 4e65 _hypervisor, Ne\n-0002b040: 7874 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 xt: xen_module, \n-0002b050: 2050 7265 763a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 Prev: linux16, \n-0002b060: 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d Up: Loader comm\n-0002b070: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e36 2078 656e ands..17.2.6 xen\n-0002b080: 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 720a 2d2d 2d2d _hypervisor.----\n+00029ab0: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 Load a Linux\n+00029ac0: 2069 6e69 7472 640a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 initrd.* initrd\n+00029ad0: 3136 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 16:: \n+00029ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c Load a L\n+00029af0: 696e 7578 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2831 362d inux initrd (16-\n+00029b00: 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 290a 2a20 6c69 6e75 bit mode).* linu\n+00029b10: 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x:: \n+00029b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 Load a\n+00029b30: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2a20 Linux kernel.* \n+00029b40: 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 linux16:: \n+00029b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n+00029b60: 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 ad a Linux kerne\n+00029b70: 6c20 2831 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 290a l (16-bit mode).\n+00029b80: 2a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 * xen_hypervisor\n+00029b90: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00029ba0: 4c6f 6164 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 Load xen hypervi\n+00029bb0: 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2028 6f6e 6c79 sor binary (only\n+00029bc0: 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3429 0a2a 2078 on AArch64).* x\n+00029bd0: 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 653a 3a20 2020 2020 en_module:: \n+00029be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n+00029bf0: 6420 7865 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 666f d xen modules fo\n+00029c00: 7220 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 r xen hypervisor\n+00029c10: 2028 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 (only on AArch6\n+00029c20: 3429 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 4)....File: grub\n+00029c30: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 .info, Node: ch\n+00029c40: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 4e65 7874 ainloader, Next\n+00029c50: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 2055 703a 204c : initrd, Up: L\n+00029c60: 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a oader commands..\n+00029c70: 3137 2e32 2e31 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 17.2.1 chainload\n+00029c80: 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d er.-------------\n+00029c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00029ca0: 6e64 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 nd: chainloader \n+00029cb0: 5b2d 2d66 6f72 6365 5d20 6669 6c65 205b [--force] file [\n+00029cc0: 6172 6773 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f args...]. Lo\n+00029cd0: 6164 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6861 ad FILE as a cha\n+00029ce0: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4c69 6b65 in-loader. Like\n+00029cf0: 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 any other file \n+00029d00: 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 loaded by the. \n+00029d10: 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f filesystem co\n+00029d20: 6465 2c20 6974 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 de, it can use t\n+00029d30: 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 206e 6f74 he blocklist not\n+00029d40: 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f ation (*note Blo\n+00029d50: 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 2073 796e ck. list syn\n+00029d60: 7461 783a 3a29 2074 6f20 6772 6162 2074 tax::) to grab t\n+00029d70: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 he first sector \n+00029d80: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2070 of the current p\n+00029d90: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 artition. wi\n+00029da0: 7468 20e2 8098 2b31 e280 992e 2020 4f6e th ...+1.... On\n+00029db0: 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c20 EFI platforms, \n+00029dc0: 616e 7920 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6166 any arguments af\n+00029dd0: 7465 7220 4649 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ter FILE will be\n+00029de0: 2073 656e 740a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7468 sent. to th\n+00029df0: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a e loaded image..\n+00029e00: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 . If you spe\n+00029e10: 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 cify the option \n+00029e20: e280 982d 2d66 6f72 6365 e280 992c 2074 ...--force..., t\n+00029e30: 6865 6e20 6c6f 6164 2046 494c 4520 666f hen load FILE fo\n+00029e40: 7263 6962 6c79 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6865 rcibly,. whe\n+00029e50: 7468 6572 2069 7420 6861 7320 6120 636f ther it has a co\n+00029e60: 7272 6563 7420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 rrect signature \n+00029e70: 6f72 206e 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 or not. This is\n+00029e80: 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 7768 656e 0a20 required when. \n+00029e90: 2020 2020 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 you want to \n+00029ea0: 6c6f 6164 2061 2064 6566 6563 7469 7665 load a defective\n+00029eb0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7375 boot loader, su\n+00029ec0: 6368 2061 7320 5343 4f20 556e 6978 5761 ch as SCO UnixWa\n+00029ed0: 7265 2037 2e31 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a re 7.1.....File:\n+00029ee0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00029ef0: 653a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 4e65 7874 e: initrd, Next\n+00029f00: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 2050 7265 : initrd16, Pre\n+00029f10: 763a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 v: chainloader, \n+00029f20: 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d Up: Loader comm\n+00029f30: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e32 2069 6e69 ands..17.2.2 ini\n+00029f40: 7472 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d trd.------------\n+00029f50: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00029f60: 696e 6974 7264 2066 696c 6520 5b66 696c initrd file [fil\n+00029f70: 6520 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 e ...]. Load\n+00029f80: 2c20 696e 206f 7264 6572 2c20 616c 6c20 , in order, all \n+00029f90: 696e 6974 7264 7320 666f 7220 6120 4c69 initrds for a Li\n+00029fa0: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 nux kernel image\n+00029fb0: 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a 2020 , and set the. \n+00029fc0: 2020 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2070 appropriate p\n+00029fd0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 696e 2074 6865 arameters in the\n+00029fe0: 204c 696e 7578 2073 6574 7570 2061 7265 Linux setup are\n+00029ff0: 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5468 a in memory. Th\n+0002a000: 6973 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 is may. only\n+0002a010: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 6674 6572 2074 be used after t\n+0002a020: 6865 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2063 he ...linux... c\n+0002a030: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 ommand (*note li\n+0002a040: 6e75 783a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e0a nux::) has been.\n+0002a050: 2020 2020 2072 756e 2e20 2053 6565 202a run. See *\n+0002a060: 6e6f 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a note GNU/Linux::\n+0002a070: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 206f for more info o\n+0002a080: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 474e 552f 4c69 n booting GNU/Li\n+0002a090: 6e75 782e 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6d6f nux.. For mo\n+0002a0a0: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f re information o\n+0002a0b0: 6e20 696e 6974 7264 7320 7365 6520 7468 n initrds see th\n+0002a0c0: 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e e GNU/Linux kern\n+0002a0d0: 656c 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 el. document\n+0002a0e0: 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 ation. (http\n+0002a0f0: 733a 2f2f 646f 6373 2e6b 6572 6e65 6c2e s://docs.kernel.\n+0002a100: 6f72 672f 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 732f org/filesystems/\n+0002a110: 7261 6d66 732d 726f 6f74 6673 2d69 6e69 ramfs-rootfs-ini\n+0002a120: 7472 616d 6673 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a20 tramfs.html)... \n+0002a130: 2020 2020 4120 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 A new-style \n+0002a140: 696e 6974 7264 2028 666f 7220 6b65 726e initrd (for kern\n+0002a150: 656c 7320 6e65 7765 7220 7468 616e 2032 els newer than 2\n+0002a160: 2e36 2920 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206f .6) containing o\n+0002a170: 6e65 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2077 6974 ne file. wit\n+0002a180: 6820 6c65 6164 696e 6720 7061 7468 2063 h leading path c\n+0002a190: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6361 6e20 616c omponents can al\n+0002a1a0: 736f 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 so be generated \n+0002a1b0: 6174 2072 756e 2074 696d 652e 0a20 2020 at run time.. \n+0002a1c0: 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f This can be do\n+0002a1d0: 6e65 2062 7920 7072 6566 6978 696e 6720 ne by prefixing \n+0002a1e0: 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 7769 7468 an argument with\n+0002a1f0: 20e2 8098 6e65 7763 3ae2 8099 2066 6f6c ...newc:... fol\n+0002a200: 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7468 lowed by. th\n+0002a210: 6520 7061 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 e path of the fi\n+0002a220: 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6e65 7720 696e le in the new in\n+0002a230: 6974 7264 2c20 6120 e280 983a e280 992c itrd, a ...:...,\n+0002a240: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 and then the GR\n+0002a250: 5542 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2070 6174 UB. file pat\n+0002a260: 6820 746f 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6461 h to the file da\n+0002a270: 7461 2074 6f20 6265 2062 6520 696e 636c ta to be be incl\n+0002a280: 7564 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 uded... For \n+0002a290: 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 example:. \n+0002a2a0: 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6e65 7763 3a2f initrd newc:/\n+0002a2b0: 6574 632f 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 3a28 etc/ssh/config:(\n+0002a2c0: 6864 302c 3229 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 hd0,2)/home/user\n+0002a2d0: 2f2e 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 205c 0a20 /.ssh/config \\. \n+0002a2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002a2f0: 6e65 7763 3a2f 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 newc:/etc/ssh/ss\n+0002a300: 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 3a2f h_host_rsa_key:/\n+0002a310: 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 etc/ssh/ssh_host\n+0002a320: 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 205c 0a20 2020 2020 _rsa_key \\. \n+0002a330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f62 6f6f /boo\n+0002a340: 742f 696e 6974 7264 2e67 7a20 5c0a 2020 t/initrd.gz \\. \n+0002a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+0002a360: 6577 633a 2f69 6e69 743a 2f68 6f6d 652f ewc:/init:/home/\n+0002a370: 7573 6572 2f69 6e69 742e 6669 7865 640a user/init.fixed.\n+0002a380: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n+0002a390: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 nd will generate\n+0002a3a0: 2074 776f 206e 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2069 two new-style i\n+0002a3b0: 6e69 7472 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 666c nitrds on the fl\n+0002a3c0: 792e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6972 y. The. fir\n+0002a3d0: 7374 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 st contains the \n+0002a3e0: 7061 7468 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 path .../etc/ssh\n+0002a3f0: 2f63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 /config... with \n+0002a400: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 660a the contents of.\n+0002a410: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c32 292f ...(hd0,2)/\n+0002a420: 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 2e73 7368 2f63 home/user/.ssh/c\n+0002a430: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 6865 onfig... and the\n+0002a440: 2070 6174 680a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f65 path. .../e\n+0002a450: 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f tc/ssh/ssh_host_\n+0002a460: 7273 615f 6b65 79e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 rsa_key... with \n+0002a470: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 660a the contents of.\n+0002a480: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 .../etc/ssh\n+0002a490: 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 /ssh_host_rsa_ke\n+0002a4a0: 79e2 8099 206f 6e20 7468 6520 524f 4f54 y... on the ROOT\n+0002a4b0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5061 7265 6e74 device. Parent\n+0002a4c0: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 directory. \n+0002a4d0: 7061 7468 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d paths will autom\n+0002a4e0: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2062 6520 6765 6e65 atically be gene\n+0002a4f0: 7261 7465 6420 6173 206e 6565 6465 642e rated as needed.\n+0002a500: 2020 5468 6973 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 This first. \n+0002a510: 2020 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 696e 6974 generated init\n+0002a520: 7264 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2068 6176 rd will then hav\n+0002a530: 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 e .../boot/initr\n+0002a540: 642e 677a e280 9920 636f 6e63 6174 656e d.gz... concaten\n+0002a550: 6174 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 ated. after \n+0002a560: 6974 2e20 204e 6578 742c 2061 6e6f 7468 it. Next, anoth\n+0002a570: 6572 206e 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2061 7263 er new-style arc\n+0002a580: 6869 7665 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e hive will be gen\n+0002a590: 6572 6174 6564 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 erated with. \n+0002a5a0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n+0002a5b0: 20e2 8098 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f69 .../home/user/i\n+0002a5c0: 6e69 742e 6669 7865 64e2 8099 2069 6e20 nit.fixed... in \n+0002a5d0: 7468 6520 7061 7468 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 the path .../ini\n+0002a5e0: 74e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6170 t... and. ap\n+0002a5f0: 7065 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7072 pended to the pr\n+0002a600: 6576 696f 7573 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 evious concatena\n+0002a610: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 tion. Finally, \n+0002a620: 7468 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2077 696c 6c0a the result will.\n+0002a630: 2020 2020 2062 6520 7365 6e74 2074 6f20 be sent to \n+0002a640: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 the kernel when \n+0002a650: 626f 6f74 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4b65 booted... Ke\n+0002a660: 6570 2069 6e20 6d69 6e64 2074 6861 7420 ep in mind that \n+0002a670: 7061 7468 7320 7468 6174 2063 6f6d 6520 paths that come \n+0002a680: 6c61 7465 7220 7769 6c6c 2074 616b 6520 later will take \n+0002a690: 7072 6563 6564 656e 6365 2e20 2053 6f0a precedence. So.\n+0002a6a0: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6578 616d in the exam\n+0002a6b0: 706c 6520 6162 6f76 652c 2074 6865 2067 ple above, the g\n+0002a6c0: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2070 6174 6820 e280 enerated path ..\n+0002a6d0: 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 206f ./init... will o\n+0002a6e0: 7665 7277 7269 7465 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 verwrite any. \n+0002a6f0: 2020 e280 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 696e .../init... in\n+0002a700: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 7264 .../boot/initrd\n+0002a710: 2e67 7ae2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6361 .gz.... This ca\n+0002a720: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 656e n be useful when\n+0002a730: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 changing the. \n+0002a740: 2020 206d 6169 6e20 696e 6974 7264 2069 main initrd i\n+0002a750: 7320 756e 6465 7369 7261 626c 6520 6f72 s undesirable or\n+0002a760: 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 difficult.....F\n+0002a770: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002a780: 204e 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c Node: initrd16,\n+0002a790: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 Next: linux, \n+0002a7a0: 5072 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 2055 Prev: initrd, U\n+0002a7b0: 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e p: Loader comman\n+0002a7c0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e33 2069 6e69 7472 ds..17.2.3 initr\n+0002a7d0: 6431 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d16.------------\n+0002a7e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002a7f0: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2066 696c 6520 : initrd16 file \n+0002a800: 5b66 696c 6520 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 [file ...]. \n+0002a810: 4c6f 6164 2c20 696e 206f 7264 6572 2c20 Load, in order, \n+0002a820: 616c 6c20 696e 6974 7264 7320 666f 7220 all initrds for \n+0002a830: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 a Linux kernel i\n+0002a840: 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 mage to be boote\n+0002a850: 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 3136 2d62 6974 d. in 16-bit\n+0002a860: 206d 6f64 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 mode, and set t\n+0002a870: 6865 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2070 he appropriate p\n+0002a880: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 696e 2074 6865 arameters in the\n+0002a890: 204c 696e 7578 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7475 Linux. setu\n+0002a8a0: 7020 6172 6561 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f 7279 p area in memory\n+0002a8b0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 . This may only\n+0002a8c0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 6674 6572 2074 be used after t\n+0002a8d0: 6865 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 he ...linux16...\n+0002a8e0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a . command (*\n+0002a8f0: 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2920 note linux16::) \n+0002a900: 6861 7320 6265 656e 2072 756e 2e20 2053 has been run. S\n+0002a910: 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e ee also *note GN\n+0002a920: 552f 4c69 6e75 783a 3a0a 2020 2020 2061 U/Linux::. a\n+0002a930: 6e64 2074 6865 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 nd the ...initrd\n+0002a940: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ... command (*no\n+0002a950: 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2066 6f72 te initrd::) for\n+0002a960: 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 7320 6f6e more details on\n+0002a970: 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732e . arguments.\n+0002a980: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d .. This comm\n+0002a990: 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 and is only avai\n+0002a9a0: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 6320 lable on the pc \n+0002a9b0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 6f72 2078 3836 platform for x86\n+0002a9c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c systems.....Fil\n+0002a9d0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002a9e0: 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 204e 6578 ode: linux, Nex\n+0002a9f0: 743a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 2050 7265 t: linux16, Pre\n+0002aa00: 763a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 5570 v: initrd16, Up\n+0002aa10: 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 : Loader command\n+0002aa20: 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3420 6c69 6e75 780a s..17.2.4 linux.\n+0002aa30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002aa40: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 696e 7578 - Command: linux\n+0002aa50: 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c file .... L\n+0002aa60: 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e oad a Linux kern\n+0002aa70: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 el image from FI\n+0002aa80: 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 LE. The rest of\n+0002aa90: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 the line is. \n+0002aaa0: 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 passed verbati\n+0002aab0: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e m as the ...kern\n+0002aac0: 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 el command-line.\n+0002aad0: 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 2069 6e69 7472 6420 ... Any initrd \n+0002aae0: 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c must be. rel\n+0002aaf0: 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e oaded after usin\n+0002ab00: 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 g this command (\n+0002ab10: 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292e *note initrd::).\n+0002ab20: 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 7838 3620 7379 .. On x86 sy\n+0002ab30: 7374 656d 732c 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 stems, the kerne\n+0002ab40: 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 l will be booted\n+0002ab50: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2033 322d 6269 using the 32-bi\n+0002ab60: 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 t boot. prot\n+0002ab70: 6f63 6f6c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 ocol. Note that\n+0002ab80: 2074 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 this means that\n+0002ab90: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 the ...vga=... \n+0002aba0: 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c boot option will\n+0002abb0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 3b20 . not work; \n+0002abc0: 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 if you want to s\n+0002abd0: 6574 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2076 6964 et a special vid\n+0002abe0: 656f 206d 6f64 652c 2079 6f75 2077 696c eo mode, you wil\n+0002abf0: 6c20 6e65 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2075 l need to. u\n+0002ac00: 7365 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 se GRUB commands\n+0002ac10: 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 7365 7420 such as ...set \n+0002ac20: 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 3d31 3032 3478 gfxpayload=1024x\n+0002ac30: 3736 38e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9873 6574 768... or ...set\n+0002ac40: 0a20 2020 2020 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 . gfxpayload\n+0002ac50: 3d6b 6565 70e2 8099 2028 746f 206b 6565 =keep... (to kee\n+0002ac60: 7020 7468 6520 7361 6d65 206d 6f64 6520 p the same mode \n+0002ac70: 6173 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 4229 as used in GRUB)\n+0002ac80: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2047 instead.. G\n+0002ac90: 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 RUB can automati\n+0002aca0: 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 2073 6f6d cally detect som\n+0002acb0: 6520 7573 6573 206f 6620 e280 9876 6761 e uses of ...vga\n+0002acc0: 3de2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 =... and transla\n+0002acd0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656d 2074 6f20 te. them to \n+0002ace0: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7365 7474 appropriate sett\n+0002acf0: 696e 6773 206f 6620 e280 9867 6678 7061 ings of ...gfxpa\n+0002ad00: 796c 6f61 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 yload.... The .\n+0002ad10: 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a20 2020 ..linux16.... \n+0002ad20: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 command (*note\n+0002ad30: 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2920 6176 6f69 linux16::) avoi\n+0002ad40: 6473 2074 6869 7320 7265 7374 7269 6374 ds this restrict\n+0002ad50: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+0002ad60: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002ad70: 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 linux16, Next: \n+0002ad80: 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 xen_hypervisor, \n+0002ad90: 2050 7265 763a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 Prev: linux, U\n+0002ada0: 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e p: Loader comman\n+0002adb0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e35 206c 696e 7578 ds..17.2.5 linux\n+0002adc0: 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 16.-------------\n+0002add0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002ade0: 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e linux16 file ...\n+0002adf0: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e . Load a Lin\n+0002ae00: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 ux kernel image \n+0002ae10: 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 4520 696e 2031 362d from FILE in 16-\n+0002ae20: 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6865 2072 bit mode. The r\n+0002ae30: 6573 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 est of. the \n+0002ae40: 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2076 line is passed v\n+0002ae50: 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 erbatim as the .\n+0002ae60: 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ..kernel command\n+0002ae70: 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 -line.... Any. \n+0002ae80: 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 206d 7573 7420 initrd must \n+0002ae90: 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 be reloaded afte\n+0002aea0: 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d r using this com\n+0002aeb0: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 mand (*note. \n+0002aec0: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 initrd16::)... \n+0002aed0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 The kernel w\n+0002aee0: 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 7573 ill be booted us\n+0002aef0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7472 6164 6974 696f ing the traditio\n+0002af00: 6e61 6c20 3136 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f 740a nal 16-bit boot.\n+0002af10: 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 protocol. \n+0002af20: 4173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2062 7970 6173 As well as bypas\n+0002af30: 7369 6e67 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 7769 sing problems wi\n+0002af40: 7468 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 6465 th ...vga=... de\n+0002af50: 7363 7269 6265 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 scribed in. \n+0002af60: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a2c 2074 *note linux::, t\n+0002af70: 6869 7320 7065 726d 6974 7320 626f 6f74 his permits boot\n+0002af80: 696e 6720 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2070 ing some other p\n+0002af90: 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 0a20 2020 rograms that. \n+0002afa0: 2020 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 7468 6520 implement the \n+0002afb0: 4c69 6e75 7820 626f 6f74 2070 726f 746f Linux boot proto\n+0002afc0: 636f 6c20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 col for the sake\n+0002afd0: 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652e of convenience.\n+0002afe0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d .. This comm\n+0002aff0: 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 and is only avai\n+0002b000: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 lable on x86 sys\n+0002b010: 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tems.....File: g\n+0002b020: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002b030: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c xen_hypervisor,\n+0002b040: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 Next: xen_modu\n+0002b050: 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 696e 7578 le, Prev: linux\n+0002b060: 3136 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 16, Up: Loader \n+0002b070: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e36 commands..17.2.6\n+0002b080: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 720a xen_hypervisor.\n 0002b090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002b0a0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002b0b0: 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2066 xen_hypervisor f\n-0002b0c0: 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d20 ile [arguments] \n-0002b0d0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 .... Load a \n-0002b0e0: 5865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2062 Xen hypervisor b\n-0002b0f0: 696e 6172 7920 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e inary from FILE.\n-0002b100: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 The rest of th\n-0002b110: 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 e line is. p\n-0002b120: 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 assed verbatim a\n-0002b130: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 s the ...kernel \n-0002b140: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e command-line....\n-0002b150: 2020 416e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6269 6e61 Any other bina\n-0002b160: 7269 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 7374 2062 ries. must b\n-0002b170: 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 e reloaded after\n-0002b180: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d using this comm\n-0002b190: 616e 642e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 and. This comma\n-0002b1a0: 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 nd is only. \n-0002b1b0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2041 4172 available on AAr\n-0002b1c0: 6368 3634 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f ch64 systems....\n-0002b1d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002b1e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 , Node: xen_mod\n-0002b1f0: 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7865 6e5f ule, Prev: xen_\n-0002b200: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 2055 703a hypervisor, Up:\n-0002b210: 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Loader commands\n-0002b220: 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e37 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 ..17.2.7 xen_mod\n-0002b230: 756c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ule.------------\n-0002b240: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002b250: 6e64 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 205b nd: xen_module [\n-0002b260: 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d 2066 696c 6520 --nounzip] file \n-0002b270: 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d0a 2020 2020 [arguments]. \n-0002b280: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 Load a module f\n-0002b290: 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f or xen hyperviso\n-0002b2a0: 7220 6174 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 r at the booting\n-0002b2b0: 2070 726f 6365 7373 206f 6620 7865 6e2e process of xen.\n-0002b2c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f . The rest o\n-0002b2d0: 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 7061 f the line is pa\n-0002b2e0: 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 ssed verbatim as\n-0002b2f0: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 636f 6d6d the module comm\n-0002b300: 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a 2020 2020 204d and line.. M\n-0002b310: 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 odules should be\n-0002b320: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 loaded in the f\n-0002b330: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7264 6572 3a20 ollowing order: \n-0002b340: 2d20 646f 6d30 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 - dom0 kernel. \n-0002b350: 2020 2069 6d61 6765 202d 2064 6f6d 3020 image - dom0 \n-0002b360: 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6966 2070 7265 7365 ramdisk if prese\n-0002b370: 6e74 202d 2058 534d 2070 6f6c 6963 7920 nt - XSM policy \n-0002b380: 6966 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2054 6869 730a if present This.\n-0002b390: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 command is \n-0002b3a0: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f only available o\n-0002b3b0: 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 7379 7374 656d n AArch64 system\n-0002b3c0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-0002b3d0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 .info, Node: Ge\n-0002b3e0: 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 neral commands, \n-0002b3f0: 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c Next: Command-l\n-0002b400: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 ine commands, P\n-0002b410: 7265 763a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d rev: Loader comm\n-0002b420: 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ands, Up: Comma\n-0002b430: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3320 4765 6e65 7261 nds..17.3 Genera\n-0002b440: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d l commands.=====\n+0002b0a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002b0b0: 6e64 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 nd: xen_hypervis\n+0002b0c0: 6f72 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e or file [argumen\n+0002b0d0: 7473 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 ts] .... Loa\n+0002b0e0: 6420 6120 5865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 d a Xen hypervis\n+0002b0f0: 6f72 2062 696e 6172 7920 6672 6f6d 2046 or binary from F\n+0002b100: 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f ILE. The rest o\n+0002b110: 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 f the line is. \n+0002b120: 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 passed verbat\n+0002b130: 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 im as the ...ker\n+0002b140: 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 nel command-line\n+0002b150: e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 .... Any other \n+0002b160: 6269 6e61 7269 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 binaries. mu\n+0002b170: 7374 2062 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 st be reloaded a\n+0002b180: 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 fter using this \n+0002b190: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 5468 6973 2063 command. This c\n+0002b1a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a20 ommand is only. \n+0002b1b0: 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e available on\n+0002b1c0: 2041 4172 6368 3634 2073 7973 7465 6d73 AArch64 systems\n+0002b1d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002b1e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2078 656e info, Node: xen\n+0002b1f0: 5f6d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _module, Prev: \n+0002b200: 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 xen_hypervisor, \n+0002b210: 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d Up: Loader comm\n+0002b220: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e37 2078 656e ands..17.2.7 xen\n+0002b230: 5f6d 6f64 756c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _module.--------\n+0002b240: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0002b250: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 ommand: xen_modu\n+0002b260: 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d 2066 le [--nounzip] f\n+0002b270: 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d0a ile [arguments].\n+0002b280: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f 6475 Load a modu\n+0002b290: 6c65 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 le for xen hyper\n+0002b2a0: 7669 736f 7220 6174 2074 6865 2062 6f6f visor at the boo\n+0002b2b0: 7469 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 206f 6620 ting process of \n+0002b2c0: 7865 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 xen.. The re\n+0002b2d0: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 st of the line i\n+0002b2e0: 7320 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 s passed verbati\n+0002b2f0: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 m as the module \n+0002b300: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a 2020 command line.. \n+0002b310: 2020 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c Modules shoul\n+0002b320: 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2074 d be loaded in t\n+0002b330: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7264 he following ord\n+0002b340: 6572 3a20 2d20 646f 6d30 206b 6572 6e65 er: - dom0 kerne\n+0002b350: 6c0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 202d 2064 l. image - d\n+0002b360: 6f6d 3020 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6966 2070 om0 ramdisk if p\n+0002b370: 7265 7365 6e74 202d 2058 534d 2070 6f6c resent - XSM pol\n+0002b380: 6963 7920 6966 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2054 icy if present T\n+0002b390: 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 his. command\n+0002b3a0: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n+0002b3b0: 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 7379 le on AArch64 sy\n+0002b3c0: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 stems.....File: \n+0002b3d0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002b3e0: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e : General comman\n+0002b3f0: 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ds, Next: Comma\n+0002b400: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0002b410: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 , Prev: Loader \n+0002b420: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 commands, Up: C\n+0002b430: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3320 4765 ommands..17.3 Ge\n+0002b440: 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d neral commands.=\n 0002b450: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0002b460: 0a0a 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2075 7361 626c ..Commands usabl\n-0002b470: 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 2069 6e20 7468 e anywhere in th\n-0002b480: 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 e menu and in th\n-0002b490: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2e0a e command-line..\n-0002b4a0: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 7365 7269 .* Menu:..* seri\n-0002b4b0: 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al:: \n-0002b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 7570 Set up\n-0002b4d0: 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6465 7669 6365 a serial device\n-0002b4e0: 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 .* terminal_inpu\n-0002b4f0: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-0002b500: 204d 616e 6167 6520 696e 7075 7420 7465 Manage input te\n-0002b510: 726d 696e 616c 730a 2a20 7465 726d 696e rminals.* termin\n-0002b520: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 3a20 2020 2020 al_output:: \n-0002b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 206f Manage o\n-0002b540: 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 730a utput terminals.\n-0002b550: 2a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 3a3a 2020 2020 * terminfo:: \n+0002b460: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2075 ====..Commands u\n+0002b470: 7361 626c 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 2069 sable anywhere i\n+0002b480: 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2069 n the menu and i\n+0002b490: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 n the command-li\n+0002b4a0: 6e65 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 ne...* Menu:..* \n+0002b4b0: 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 serial:: \n+0002b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 Se\n+0002b4d0: 7420 7570 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6465 t up a serial de\n+0002b4e0: 7669 6365 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f vice.* terminal_\n+0002b4f0: 696e 7075 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 input:: \n+0002b500: 2020 2020 204d 616e 6167 6520 696e 7075 Manage inpu\n+0002b510: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 730a 2a20 7465 t terminals.* te\n+0002b520: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 3a20 rminal_output:: \n+0002b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 Mana\n+0002b540: 6765 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e ge output termin\n+0002b550: 616c 730a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 3a3a als.* terminfo::\n 0002b560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002b570: 4465 6669 6e65 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 Define terminal \n-0002b580: 7479 7065 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 type....File: gr\n-0002b590: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002b5a0: 7365 7269 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 serial, Next: t\n-0002b5b0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 erminal_input, \n-0002b5c0: 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d Up: General comm\n-0002b5d0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e31 2073 6572 ands..17.3.1 ser\n-0002b5e0: 6961 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ial.------------\n-0002b5f0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002b600: 7365 7269 616c 205b 2d2d 756e 6974 3d75 serial [--unit=u\n-0002b610: 6e69 745d 205b 2d2d 706f 7274 3d70 6f72 nit] [--port=por\n-0002b620: 745d 205b 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 7370 6565 t] [--speed=spee\n-0002b630: 645d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d d]. [--\n-0002b640: 776f 7264 3d77 6f72 645d 205b 2d2d 7061 word=word] [--pa\n-0002b650: 7269 7479 3d70 6172 6974 795d 205b 2d2d rity=parity] [--\n-0002b660: 7374 6f70 3d73 746f 705d 0a20 2020 2020 stop=stop]. \n-0002b670: 496e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2061 2073 6572 Initialize a ser\n-0002b680: 6961 6c20 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2055 4e49 ial device. UNI\n-0002b690: 5420 6973 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e T is a number in\n-0002b6a0: 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 2d33 0a20 the range 0-3. \n-0002b6b0: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2077 specifying w\n-0002b6c0: 6869 6368 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 hich serial port\n-0002b6d0: 2074 6f20 7573 653b 2064 6566 6175 6c74 to use; default\n-0002b6e0: 2069 7320 302c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 is 0, which. \n-0002b6f0: 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f corresponds to\n-0002b700: 2074 6865 2070 6f72 7420 6f66 7465 6e20 the port often \n-0002b710: 6361 6c6c 6564 2043 4f4d 312e 0a0a 2020 called COM1... \n-0002b720: 2020 2050 4f52 5420 6973 2074 6865 2049 PORT is the I\n-0002b730: 2f4f 2070 6f72 7420 7768 6572 6520 7468 /O port where th\n-0002b740: 6520 5541 5254 2069 7320 746f 2062 6520 e UART is to be \n-0002b750: 666f 756e 6420 6f72 2c20 6966 2070 7265 found or, if pre\n-0002b760: 6669 7865 640a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 fixed. with \n-0002b770: e280 986d 6d69 6f2c e280 992c 2074 6865 ...mmio,..., the\n-0002b780: 204d 4d49 4f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 MMIO address of\n-0002b790: 2074 6865 2055 4152 542e 2049 6620 7370 the UART. If sp\n-0002b7a0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6974 2074 616b 6573 ecified it takes\n-0002b7b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6563 6564 656e 6365 . precedence\n-0002b7c0: 206f 7665 7220 554e 4954 2e0a 0a20 2020 over UNIT... \n-0002b7d0: 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 Additionally, \n-0002b7e0: 616e 204d 4d49 4f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 an MMIO address \n-0002b7f0: 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7566 6669 7865 6420 can be suffixed \n-0002b800: 7769 7468 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 with:. ..\n-0002b810: a220 e280 982e 62e2 8099 2066 6f72 2062 . ....b... for b\n-0002b820: 7974 6573 2061 6363 6573 7320 2864 6566 ytes access (def\n-0002b830: 6175 6c74 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 ault). ..\n-0002b840: a220 e280 982e 77e2 8099 2066 6f72 2031 . ....w... for 1\n-0002b850: 362d 6269 7420 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 6-bit word acces\n-0002b860: 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 e280 s. ... ..\n-0002b870: 982e 6ce2 8099 2066 6f72 2033 322d 6269 ..l... for 32-bi\n-0002b880: 7420 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 t long word acce\n-0002b890: 7373 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 ss or. ..\n-0002b8a0: a220 e280 982e 71e2 8099 2066 6f72 2036 . ....q... for 6\n-0002b8b0: 342d 6269 7420 6c6f 6e67 206c 6f6e 6720 4-bit long long \n-0002b8c0: 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 730a 0a20 2020 word access.. \n-0002b8d0: 2020 416c 736f 2c20 504f 5254 2063 616e Also, PORT can\n-0002b8e0: 2062 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d20 be of the form \n-0002b8f0: e280 9870 6369 2c58 583a 5858 2e58 e280 ...pci,XX:XX.X..\n-0002b900: 9920 746f 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 6120 . to indicate a \n-0002b910: 7365 7269 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 serial. devi\n-0002b920: 6365 2065 7870 6f73 6564 206f 6e20 7468 ce exposed on th\n-0002b930: 6520 5043 4920 6275 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 e PCI bus... \n-0002b940: 2053 5045 4544 2069 7320 7468 6520 7472 SPEED is the tr\n-0002b950: 616e 736d 6973 7369 6f6e 2073 7065 6564 ansmission speed\n-0002b960: 3b20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2039 3630 ; default is 960\n-0002b970: 302e 2020 574f 5244 2061 6e64 2053 544f 0. WORD and STO\n-0002b980: 500a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2074 6865 206e P. are the n\n-0002b990: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2064 6174 6120 6269 umber of data bi\n-0002b9a0: 7473 2061 6e64 2073 746f 7020 6269 7473 ts and stop bits\n-0002b9b0: 2e20 2044 6174 6120 6269 7473 206d 7573 . Data bits mus\n-0002b9c0: 7420 6265 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 t be in. the\n-0002b9d0: 2072 616e 6765 2035 2d38 2061 6e64 2073 range 5-8 and s\n-0002b9e0: 746f 7020 6269 7473 206d 7573 7420 6265 top bits must be\n-0002b9f0: 2031 206f 7220 322e 2020 4465 6661 756c 1 or 2. Defaul\n-0002ba00: 7420 6973 2038 2064 6174 6120 6269 7473 t is 8 data bits\n-0002ba10: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6f6e 6520 7374 . and one st\n-0002ba20: 6f70 2062 6974 2e20 2050 4152 4954 5920 op bit. PARITY \n-0002ba30: 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 e280 986e 6fe2 is one of ...no.\n-0002ba40: 8099 2c20 e280 986f 6464 e280 992c 20e2 .., ...odd..., .\n-0002ba50: 8098 6576 656e e280 9920 616e 640a 2020 ..even... and. \n-0002ba60: 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 defaults to .\n-0002ba70: 8098 6e6f e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 ..no...... I\n-0002ba80: 6620 7061 7373 6564 206e 6f20 554e 4954 f passed no UNIT\n-0002ba90: 206e 6f72 2050 4f52 542c 206f 7220 6966 nor PORT, or if\n-0002baa0: 2050 4f52 5420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 PORT is set to \n-0002bab0: e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 ...auto... then \n-0002bac0: 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2061 GRUB. will a\n-0002bad0: 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 7573 6520 4143 ttempt to use AC\n-0002bae0: 5049 2074 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 PI to automatica\n-0002baf0: 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2073 lly detect the s\n-0002bb00: 7973 7465 6d20 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 ystem default. \n-0002bb10: 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2061 serial port a\n-0002bb20: 6e64 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 nd its configura\n-0002bb30: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 2069 tion. If this i\n-0002bb40: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f nformation is no\n-0002bb50: 740a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 t. available\n-0002bb60: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6465 6661 756c , it will defaul\n-0002bb70: 7420 746f 2055 4e49 5420 302e 0a0a 2020 t to UNIT 0... \n-0002bb80: 2020 2054 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f The serial po\n-0002bb90: 7274 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 6564 2061 rt is not used a\n-0002bba0: 7320 6120 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 696f s a communicatio\n-0002bbb0: 6e20 6368 616e 6e65 6c20 756e 6c65 7373 n channel unless\n-0002bbc0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 6572 the. ...ter\n-0002bbd0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 74e2 8099 206f minal_input... o\n-0002bbe0: 7220 e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 r ...terminal_ou\n-0002bbf0: 7470 7574 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 tput... command \n-0002bc00: 6973 2075 7365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 is used (*note. \n-0002bc10: 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 terminal_inp\n-0002bc20: 7574 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d ut::, *note term\n-0002bc30: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 3a29 2e0a inal_output::)..\n-0002bc40: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 2c20 7661 6c69 . Note, vali\n-0002bc50: 6420 504f 5254 2076 616c 7565 732c 2065 d PORT values, e\n-0002bc60: 7863 6c75 6469 6e67 2049 4f20 706f 7274 xcluding IO port\n-0002bc70: 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2c20 6361 6e20 addresses, can \n-0002bc80: 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6279 be found. by\n-0002bc90: 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 listing termina\n-0002bca0: 6c73 2077 6974 6820 e280 9874 6572 6d69 ls with ...termi\n-0002bcb0: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 992c 2073 nal_output..., s\n-0002bcc0: 656c 6563 7469 6e67 2061 6c6c 206e 616d electing all nam\n-0002bcd0: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6566 6978 6564 es. prefixed\n-0002bce0: 2062 7920 e280 9873 6572 6961 6c5f e280 by ...serial_..\n-0002bcf0: 9920 616e 6420 7265 6d6f 7669 6e67 2074 . and removing t\n-0002bd00: 6861 7420 7072 6566 6978 2e0a 0a20 2020 hat prefix... \n-0002bd10: 2020 4578 616d 706c 6573 3a0a 2020 2020 Examples:. \n-0002bd20: 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d70 serial --p\n-0002bd30: 6f72 743d 3078 3366 3820 2d2d 7370 6565 ort=0x3f8 --spee\n-0002bd40: 643d 3936 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d=9600. \n-0002bd50: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d6d serial --port=m\n-0002bd60: 6d69 6f2c 6665 6662 3030 3030 2e6c 202d mio,fefb0000.l -\n-0002bd70: 2d73 7065 6564 3d31 3135 3230 300a 2020 -speed=115200. \n-0002bd80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 202d serial -\n-0002bd90: 2d70 6f72 743d 7063 692c 3030 3a31 362e -port=pci,00:16.\n-0002bda0: 3320 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3131 3532 3030 3 --speed=115200\n-0002bdb0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 .. See also \n-0002bdc0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 *note Serial ter\n-0002bdd0: 6d69 6e61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 minal::.....File\n-0002bde0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002bdf0: 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 de: terminal_inp\n-0002be00: 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 ut, Next: termi\n-0002be10: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2050 7265 nal_output, Pre\n-0002be20: 763a 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 v: serial, Up: \n-0002be30: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 General commands\n-0002be40: 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e32 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ..17.3.2 termina\n-0002be50: 6c5f 696e 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l_input.--------\n-0002be60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002be70: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 726d -- Command: term\n-0002be80: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 inal_input [--ap\n-0002be90: 7065 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 655d 205b pend|--remove] [\n-0002bea0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 315d 205b 7465 726d terminal1] [term\n-0002beb0: 696e 616c 325d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 inal2]. \n-0002bec0: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f .... List o\n-0002bed0: 7220 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 696e 7075 r select an inpu\n-0002bee0: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 t terminal... \n-0002bef0: 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 With no argume\n-0002bf00: 6e74 732c 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 6163 nts, list the ac\n-0002bf10: 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2061 7661 696c 6162 tive and availab\n-0002bf20: 6c65 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 le input termina\n-0002bf30: 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 ls... With .\n-0002bf40: 8098 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 e280 992c 2061 ..--append..., a\n-0002bf50: 6464 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 dd the named ter\n-0002bf60: 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 minals to the li\n-0002bf70: 7374 206f 6620 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 st of active. \n-0002bf80: 2020 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c input terminal\n-0002bf90: 733b 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 s; any of these \n-0002bfa0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2070 may be used to p\n-0002bfb0: 726f 7669 6465 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6f20 rovide input to \n-0002bfc0: 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 GRUB... With\n-0002bfd0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 e280 992c ...--remove...,\n-0002bfe0: 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 remove the name\n-0002bff0: 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 6672 6f6d d terminals from\n-0002c000: 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 6c69 7374 the active list\n-0002c010: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 ... With no \n-0002c020: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6120 6c69 options but a li\n-0002c030: 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e st of terminal n\n-0002c040: 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 ames, make only \n-0002c050: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 the listed. \n-0002c060: 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2061 terminal names a\n-0002c070: 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ctive.....File: \n-0002c080: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002c090: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 : terminal_outpu\n-0002c0a0: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e t, Next: termin\n-0002c0b0: 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6572 6d69 fo, Prev: termi\n-0002c0c0: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 5570 3a20 nal_input, Up: \n-0002c0d0: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 General commands\n-0002c0e0: 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e33 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ..17.3.3 termina\n-0002c0f0: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l_output.-------\n-0002c100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0002c110: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 . -- Command: te\n-0002c120: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 7420 5b2d rminal_output [-\n-0002c130: 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 -append|--remove\n-0002c140: 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 5d20 5b74 ] [terminal1] [t\n-0002c150: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 erminal2]. \n-0002c160: 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 .... Lis\n-0002c170: 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 206f t or select an o\n-0002c180: 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a utput terminal..\n-0002c190: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 . With no ar\n-0002c1a0: 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 206c 6973 7420 7468 guments, list th\n-0002c1b0: 6520 6163 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2061 7661 e active and ava\n-0002c1c0: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 ilable output te\n-0002c1d0: 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 rminals... W\n-0002c1e0: 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d61 7070 656e 64e2 ith ...--append.\n-0002c1f0: 8099 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 .., add the name\n-0002c200: 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 746f 2074 d terminals to t\n-0002c210: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6374 6976 he list of activ\n-0002c220: 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 e. output te\n-0002c230: 726d 696e 616c 733b 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 rminals; all of \n-0002c240: 7468 6573 6520 7769 6c6c 2072 6563 6569 these will recei\n-0002c250: 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 ve output from G\n-0002c260: 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 RUB... With \n-0002c270: e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 65e2 8099 2c20 ...--remove..., \n-0002c280: 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 remove the named\n-0002c290: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 terminals from \n-0002c2a0: 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 206c 6973 742e the active list.\n-0002c2b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 206f .. With no o\n-0002c2c0: 7074 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2061 206c 6973 ptions but a lis\n-0002c2d0: 7420 6f66 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 t of terminal na\n-0002c2e0: 6d65 732c 206d 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 mes, make only t\n-0002c2f0: 6865 206c 6973 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 he listed. t\n-0002c300: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 erminal names ac\n-0002c310: 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tive.....File: g\n-0002c320: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002c330: 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 terminfo, Prev\n-0002c340: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 : terminal_outpu\n-0002c350: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 t, Up: General \n-0002c360: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e34 commands..17.3.4\n-0002c370: 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d terminfo.------\n-0002c380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002c390: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f ommand: terminfo\n-0002c3a0: 205b 2d61 7c2d 757c 2d76 5d20 5b2d 6720 [-a|-u|-v] [-g \n-0002c3b0: 5778 485d 205b 7465 726d 5d20 5b74 7970 WxH] [term] [typ\n-0002c3c0: 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2074 e]. Define t\n-0002c3d0: 6865 2063 6170 6162 696c 6974 6965 7320 he capabilities \n-0002c3e0: 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c of your terminal\n-0002c3f0: 2062 7920 6769 7669 6e67 2074 6865 206e by giving the n\n-0002c400: 616d 6520 6f66 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 ame of an. e\n-0002c410: 6e74 7279 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7465 726d ntry in the term\n-0002c420: 696e 666f 2064 6174 6162 6173 652c 2077 info database, w\n-0002c430: 6869 6368 2073 686f 756c 6420 636f 7272 hich should corr\n-0002c440: 6573 706f 6e64 2072 6f75 6768 6c79 2074 espond roughly t\n-0002c450: 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 20e2 8098 5445 524d o. a ...TERM\n-0002c460: e280 9920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ... environment \n-0002c470: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 556e 6978 variable in Unix\n-0002c480: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 ... The curr\n-0002c490: 656e 746c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 ently available \n-0002c4a0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 6573 2061 terminal types a\n-0002c4b0: 7265 20e2 8098 7674 3130 30e2 8099 2c20 re ...vt100..., \n-0002c4c0: e280 9876 7431 3030 2d63 6f6c 6f72 e280 ...vt100-color..\n-0002c4d0: 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 6565 6531 .,. ...ieee1\n-0002c4e0: 3237 35e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9864 275..., and ...d\n-0002c4f0: 756d 62e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 umb.... If you \n-0002c500: 6e65 6564 206f 7468 6572 2074 6572 6d69 need other termi\n-0002c510: 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 732c 2070 6c65 6173 nal types, pleas\n-0002c520: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 6374 2075 e. contact u\n-0002c530: 7320 746f 2064 6973 6375 7373 2074 6865 s to discuss the\n-0002c540: 2062 6573 7420 7761 7920 746f 2069 6e63 best way to inc\n-0002c550: 6c75 6465 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 lude support for\n-0002c560: 2074 6865 7365 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 these in. G\n-0002c570: 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 RUB... The .\n-0002c580: 8098 2d61 e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 6173 ..-a... (...--as\n-0002c590: 6369 69e2 8099 292c 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 cii...), ...-u..\n-0002c5a0: 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 7574 6638 e280 9929 . (...--utf8...)\n-0002c5b0: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 76e2 8099 2028 , and ...-v... (\n-0002c5c0: e280 982d 2d76 6973 7561 6c2d 7574 6638 ...--visual-utf8\n-0002c5d0: e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e ...). option\n-0002c5e0: 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 686f 7720 6e6f s control how no\n-0002c5f0: 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 7465 7874 2069 7320 n-ASCII text is \n-0002c600: 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642e 2020 e280 982d displayed. ...-\n-0002c610: 61e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 a... specifies a\n-0002c620: 6e0a 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2d6f 6e6c n. ASCII-onl\n-0002c630: 7920 7465 726d 696e 616c 3b20 e280 982d y terminal; ...-\n-0002c640: 75e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 206c u... specifies l\n-0002c650: 6f67 6963 616c 6c79 2d6f 7264 6572 6564 ogically-ordered\n-0002c660: 2055 5446 2d38 3b20 616e 640a 2020 2020 UTF-8; and. \n-0002c670: 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 ...-v... specif\n-0002c680: 6965 7320 2276 6973 7561 6c6c 792d 6f72 ies \"visually-or\n-0002c690: 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d 3822 2028 696e dered UTF-8\" (in\n-0002c6a0: 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6473 2c20 6172 other words, ar\n-0002c6b0: 7261 6e67 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 ranged. such\n-0002c6c0: 2074 6861 7420 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c that a terminal\n-0002c6d0: 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 7769 7468 6f75 emulator withou\n-0002c6e0: 7420 6269 6469 7265 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 t bidirectional \n-0002c6f0: 7465 7874 2073 7570 706f 7274 0a20 2020 text support. \n-0002c700: 2020 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2072 will display r\n-0002c710: 6967 6874 2d74 6f2d 6c65 6674 2074 6578 ight-to-left tex\n-0002c720: 7420 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f 7065 7220 t in the proper \n-0002c730: 6f72 6465 723b 2074 6869 7320 6973 206e order; this is n\n-0002c740: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7265 616c 6c79 2070 ot. really p\n-0002c750: 726f 7065 7220 5554 462d 382c 2062 7574 roper UTF-8, but\n-0002c760: 2061 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6429 2e0a a workaround)..\n-0002c770: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 67e2 . The ...-g.\n-0002c780: 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d67 656f 6d65 7472 .. (...--geometr\n-0002c790: 79e2 8099 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 y...) can be use\n-0002c7a0: 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6572 d to specify ter\n-0002c7b0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2e0a minal geometry..\n-0002c7c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 . If no opti\n-0002c7d0: 6f6e 206f 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 on or terminal t\n-0002c7e0: 7970 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 ype is specified\n-0002c7f0: 2c20 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7465 , the current te\n-0002c800: 726d 696e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7479 7065 rminal. type\n-0002c810: 2069 7320 7072 696e 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a is printed.....\n-0002c820: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002c830: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d Node: Command-\n-0002c840: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 line commands, \n-0002c850: 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Next: Networking\n-0002c860: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 commands, Prev\n-0002c870: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e : General comman\n-0002c880: 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ds, Up: Command\n-0002c890: 730a 0a31 372e 3420 436f 6d6d 616e 642d s..17.4 Command-\n-0002c8a0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d line commands.==\n-0002c8b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0002c8c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 ========..These \n-0002c8d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2075 7361 commands are usa\n-0002c8e0: 626c 6520 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ble in the comma\n-0002c8f0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 696e 206d nd-line and in m\n-0002c900: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 4966 enu entries. If\n-0002c910: 0a79 6f75 2066 6f72 6765 7420 6120 636f .you forget a co\n-0002c920: 6d6d 616e 642c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2072 mmand, you can r\n-0002c930: 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 un the command .\n-0002c940: 8098 6865 6c70 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 ..help... (*note\n-0002c950: 2068 656c 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e help::)...* Men\n-0002c960: 753a 0a0a 2a20 5b3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 u:..* [:: \n+0002b570: 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2074 6572 6d69 Define termi\n+0002b580: 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nal type....File\n+0002b590: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002b5a0: 6465 3a20 7365 7269 616c 2c20 204e 6578 de: serial, Nex\n+0002b5b0: 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 t: terminal_inpu\n+0002b5c0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 t, Up: General \n+0002b5d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e31 commands..17.3.1\n+0002b5e0: 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d serial.--------\n+0002b5f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002b600: 6e64 3a20 7365 7269 616c 205b 2d2d 756e nd: serial [--un\n+0002b610: 6974 3d75 6e69 745d 205b 2d2d 706f 7274 it=unit] [--port\n+0002b620: 3d70 6f72 745d 205b 2d2d 7370 6565 643d =port] [--speed=\n+0002b630: 7370 6565 645d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 speed]. \n+0002b640: 205b 2d2d 776f 7264 3d77 6f72 645d 205b [--word=word] [\n+0002b650: 2d2d 7061 7269 7479 3d70 6172 6974 795d --parity=parity]\n+0002b660: 205b 2d2d 7374 6f70 3d73 746f 705d 0a20 [--stop=stop]. \n+0002b670: 2020 2020 496e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2061 Initialize a\n+0002b680: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6465 7669 6365 2e20 serial device. \n+0002b690: 2055 4e49 5420 6973 2061 206e 756d 6265 UNIT is a numbe\n+0002b6a0: 7220 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 r in the range 0\n+0002b6b0: 2d33 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 -3. specifyi\n+0002b6c0: 6e67 2077 6869 6368 2073 6572 6961 6c20 ng which serial \n+0002b6d0: 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7573 653b 2064 6566 port to use; def\n+0002b6e0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 302c 2077 6869 6368 ault is 0, which\n+0002b6f0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 . correspond\n+0002b700: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6f72 7420 6f66 s to the port of\n+0002b710: 7465 6e20 6361 6c6c 6564 2043 4f4d 312e ten called COM1.\n+0002b720: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 4f52 5420 6973 2074 .. PORT is t\n+0002b730: 6865 2049 2f4f 2070 6f72 7420 7768 6572 he I/O port wher\n+0002b740: 6520 7468 6520 5541 5254 2069 7320 746f e the UART is to\n+0002b750: 2062 6520 666f 756e 6420 6f72 2c20 6966 be found or, if\n+0002b760: 2070 7265 6669 7865 640a 2020 2020 2077 prefixed. w\n+0002b770: 6974 6820 e280 986d 6d69 6f2c e280 992c ith ...mmio,...,\n+0002b780: 2074 6865 204d 4d49 4f20 6164 6472 6573 the MMIO addres\n+0002b790: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2055 4152 542e 2049 s of the UART. I\n+0002b7a0: 6620 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6974 2074 f specified it t\n+0002b7b0: 616b 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6563 6564 akes. preced\n+0002b7c0: 656e 6365 206f 7665 7220 554e 4954 2e0a ence over UNIT..\n+0002b7d0: 0a20 2020 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c . Additional\n+0002b7e0: 6c79 2c20 616e 204d 4d49 4f20 6164 6472 ly, an MMIO addr\n+0002b7f0: 6573 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7566 6669 ess can be suffi\n+0002b800: 7865 6420 7769 7468 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 xed with:. \n+0002b810: 2020 e280 a220 e280 982e 62e2 8099 2066 ... ....b... f\n+0002b820: 6f72 2062 7974 6573 2061 6363 6573 7320 or bytes access \n+0002b830: 2864 6566 6175 6c74 290a 2020 2020 2020 (default). \n+0002b840: 2020 e280 a220 e280 982e 77e2 8099 2066 ... ....w... f\n+0002b850: 6f72 2031 362d 6269 7420 776f 7264 2061 or 16-bit word a\n+0002b860: 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 ccess. ..\n+0002b870: a220 e280 982e 6ce2 8099 2066 6f72 2033 . ....l... for 3\n+0002b880: 322d 6269 7420 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 2-bit long word \n+0002b890: 6163 6365 7373 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 access or. \n+0002b8a0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 982e 71e2 8099 2066 ... ....q... f\n+0002b8b0: 6f72 2036 342d 6269 7420 6c6f 6e67 206c or 64-bit long l\n+0002b8c0: 6f6e 6720 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 730a ong word access.\n+0002b8d0: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 504f 5254 . Also, PORT\n+0002b8e0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2066 can be of the f\n+0002b8f0: 6f72 6d20 e280 9870 6369 2c58 583a 5858 orm ...pci,XX:XX\n+0002b900: 2e58 e280 9920 746f 2069 6e64 6963 6174 .X... to indicat\n+0002b910: 6520 6120 7365 7269 616c 0a20 2020 2020 e a serial. \n+0002b920: 6465 7669 6365 2065 7870 6f73 6564 206f device exposed o\n+0002b930: 6e20 7468 6520 5043 4920 6275 732e 0a0a n the PCI bus...\n+0002b940: 2020 2020 2053 5045 4544 2069 7320 7468 SPEED is th\n+0002b950: 6520 7472 616e 736d 6973 7369 6f6e 2073 e transmission s\n+0002b960: 7065 6564 3b20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 peed; default is\n+0002b970: 2039 3630 302e 2020 574f 5244 2061 6e64 9600. WORD and\n+0002b980: 2053 544f 500a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2074 STOP. are t\n+0002b990: 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2064 6174 he number of dat\n+0002b9a0: 6120 6269 7473 2061 6e64 2073 746f 7020 a bits and stop \n+0002b9b0: 6269 7473 2e20 2044 6174 6120 6269 7473 bits. Data bits\n+0002b9c0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 must be in. \n+0002b9d0: 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2035 2d38 2061 the range 5-8 a\n+0002b9e0: 6e64 2073 746f 7020 6269 7473 206d 7573 nd stop bits mus\n+0002b9f0: 7420 6265 2031 206f 7220 322e 2020 4465 t be 1 or 2. De\n+0002ba00: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2038 2064 6174 6120 fault is 8 data \n+0002ba10: 6269 7473 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6f6e bits. and on\n+0002ba20: 6520 7374 6f70 2062 6974 2e20 2050 4152 e stop bit. PAR\n+0002ba30: 4954 5920 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 e280 ITY is one of ..\n+0002ba40: 986e 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 986f 6464 e280 .no..., ...odd..\n+0002ba50: 992c 20e2 8098 6576 656e e280 9920 616e ., ...even... an\n+0002ba60: 640a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 d. defaults \n+0002ba70: 746f 20e2 8098 6e6f e280 992e 0a0a 2020 to ...no...... \n+0002ba80: 2020 2049 6620 7061 7373 6564 206e 6f20 If passed no \n+0002ba90: 554e 4954 206e 6f72 2050 4f52 542c 206f UNIT nor PORT, o\n+0002baa0: 7220 6966 2050 4f52 5420 6973 2073 6574 r if PORT is set\n+0002bab0: 2074 6f20 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2074 to ...auto... t\n+0002bac0: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 7769 hen GRUB. wi\n+0002bad0: 6c6c 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 7573 ll attempt to us\n+0002bae0: 6520 4143 5049 2074 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 e ACPI to automa\n+0002baf0: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 2074 tically detect t\n+0002bb00: 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6465 6661 756c he system defaul\n+0002bb10: 740a 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f t. serial po\n+0002bb20: 7274 2061 6e64 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 rt and its confi\n+0002bb30: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 7468 guration. If th\n+0002bb40: 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 is information i\n+0002bb50: 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c s not. avail\n+0002bb60: 6162 6c65 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6465 able, it will de\n+0002bb70: 6661 756c 7420 746f 2055 4e49 5420 302e fault to UNIT 0.\n+0002bb80: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 6572 6961 .. The seria\n+0002bb90: 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 l port is not us\n+0002bba0: 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 ed as a communic\n+0002bbb0: 6174 696f 6e20 6368 616e 6e65 6c20 756e ation channel un\n+0002bbc0: 6c65 7373 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 less the. ..\n+0002bbd0: 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 74e2 .terminal_input.\n+0002bbe0: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 .. or ...termina\n+0002bbf0: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 9920 636f 6d6d l_output... comm\n+0002bc00: 616e 6420 6973 2075 7365 6420 282a 6e6f and is used (*no\n+0002bc10: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c te. terminal\n+0002bc20: 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 _input::, *note \n+0002bc30: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a terminal_output:\n+0002bc40: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 2c20 :)... Note, \n+0002bc50: 7661 6c69 6420 504f 5254 2076 616c 7565 valid PORT value\n+0002bc60: 732c 2065 7863 6c75 6469 6e67 2049 4f20 s, excluding IO \n+0002bc70: 706f 7274 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2c20 port addresses, \n+0002bc80: 6361 6e20 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 can be found. \n+0002bc90: 2020 6279 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2074 6572 by listing ter\n+0002bca0: 6d69 6e61 6c73 2077 6974 6820 e280 9874 minals with ...t\n+0002bcb0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 erminal_output..\n+0002bcc0: 992c 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 2061 6c6c ., selecting all\n+0002bcd0: 206e 616d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6566 names. pref\n+0002bce0: 6978 6564 2062 7920 e280 9873 6572 6961 ixed by ...seria\n+0002bcf0: 6c5f e280 9920 616e 6420 7265 6d6f 7669 l_... and removi\n+0002bd00: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7072 6566 6978 2e0a ng that prefix..\n+0002bd10: 0a20 2020 2020 4578 616d 706c 6573 3a0a . Examples:.\n+0002bd20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c serial\n+0002bd30: 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 3078 3366 3820 2d2d --port=0x3f8 --\n+0002bd40: 7370 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 2020 2020 speed=9600. \n+0002bd50: 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f serial --po\n+0002bd60: 7274 3d6d 6d69 6f2c 6665 6662 3030 3030 rt=mmio,fefb0000\n+0002bd70: 2e6c 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d31 3135 3230 .l --speed=11520\n+0002bd80: 300a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 0. seri\n+0002bd90: 616c 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 7063 692c 3030 al --port=pci,00\n+0002bda0: 3a31 362e 3320 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3131 :16.3 --speed=11\n+0002bdb0: 3532 3030 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 2061 5200.. See a\n+0002bdc0: 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 7269 616c lso *note Serial\n+0002bdd0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a terminal::.....\n+0002bde0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002bdf0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c Node: terminal\n+0002be00: 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 _input, Next: t\n+0002be10: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 erminal_output, \n+0002be20: 2050 7265 763a 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 Prev: serial, \n+0002be30: 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d Up: General comm\n+0002be40: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e32 2074 6572 ands..17.3.2 ter\n+0002be50: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d minal_input.----\n+0002be60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002be70: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002be80: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 205b terminal_input [\n+0002be90: 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 --append|--remov\n+0002bea0: 655d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 315d 205b e] [terminal1] [\n+0002beb0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 325d 0a20 2020 2020 terminal2]. \n+0002bec0: 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 .... Li\n+0002bed0: 7374 206f 7220 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 st or select an \n+0002bee0: 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a input terminal..\n+0002bef0: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 . With no ar\n+0002bf00: 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 206c 6973 7420 7468 guments, list th\n+0002bf10: 6520 6163 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2061 7661 e active and ava\n+0002bf20: 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 ilable input ter\n+0002bf30: 6d69 6e61 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 minals... Wi\n+0002bf40: 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 e280 th ...--append..\n+0002bf50: 992c 2061 6464 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 ., add the named\n+0002bf60: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 terminals to th\n+0002bf70: 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 7469 7665 e list of active\n+0002bf80: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d . input term\n+0002bf90: 696e 616c 733b 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 inals; any of th\n+0002bfa0: 6573 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 ese may be used \n+0002bfb0: 746f 2070 726f 7669 6465 2069 6e70 7574 to provide input\n+0002bfc0: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 to GRUB... \n+0002bfd0: 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 With ...--remove\n+0002bfe0: e280 992c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 ..., remove the \n+0002bff0: 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 named terminals \n+0002c000: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 from the active \n+0002c010: 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 list... With\n+0002c020: 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 no options but \n+0002c030: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d 696e a list of termin\n+0002c040: 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f al names, make o\n+0002c050: 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 nly the listed. \n+0002c060: 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d terminal nam\n+0002c070: 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 es active.....Fi\n+0002c080: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002c090: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f Node: terminal_o\n+0002c0a0: 7574 7075 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 utput, Next: te\n+0002c0b0: 726d 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 rminfo, Prev: t\n+0002c0c0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 erminal_input, \n+0002c0d0: 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d Up: General comm\n+0002c0e0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e33 2074 6572 ands..17.3.3 ter\n+0002c0f0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 0a2d 2d2d minal_output.---\n+0002c100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002c110: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002c120: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 : terminal_outpu\n+0002c130: 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 t [--append|--re\n+0002c140: 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 move] [terminal1\n+0002c150: 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 ] [terminal2]. \n+0002c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 .... \n+0002c170: 204c 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 7420 List or select \n+0002c180: 616e 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e an output termin\n+0002c190: 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e al... With n\n+0002c1a0: 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 206c 6973 o arguments, lis\n+0002c1b0: 7420 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2061 6e64 t the active and\n+0002c1c0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7574 7075 available outpu\n+0002c1d0: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 t terminals... \n+0002c1e0: 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d61 7070 With ...--app\n+0002c1f0: 656e 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 end..., add the \n+0002c200: 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 named terminals \n+0002c210: 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 to the list of a\n+0002c220: 6374 6976 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 ctive. outpu\n+0002c230: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 733b 2061 6c6c t terminals; all\n+0002c240: 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 7769 6c6c 2072 of these will r\n+0002c250: 6563 6569 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 eceive output fr\n+0002c260: 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 om GRUB... W\n+0002c270: 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 65e2 ith ...--remove.\n+0002c280: 8099 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 206e .., remove the n\n+0002c290: 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 amed terminals f\n+0002c2a0: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 206c rom the active l\n+0002c2b0: 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 ist... With \n+0002c2c0: 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2061 no options but a\n+0002c2d0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 list of termina\n+0002c2e0: 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c 206d 616b 6520 6f6e l names, make on\n+0002c2f0: 6c79 2074 6865 206c 6973 7465 640a 2020 ly the listed. \n+0002c300: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 terminal name\n+0002c310: 7320 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c s active.....Fil\n+0002c320: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002c330: 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 ode: terminfo, \n+0002c340: 5072 6576 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f Prev: terminal_o\n+0002c350: 7574 7075 742c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 utput, Up: Gene\n+0002c360: 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ral commands..17\n+0002c370: 2e33 2e34 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d .3.4 terminfo.--\n+0002c380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0002c390: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 726d -- Command: term\n+0002c3a0: 696e 666f 205b 2d61 7c2d 757c 2d76 5d20 info [-a|-u|-v] \n+0002c3b0: 5b2d 6720 5778 485d 205b 7465 726d 5d20 [-g WxH] [term] \n+0002c3c0: 5b74 7970 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 [type]. Defi\n+0002c3d0: 6e65 2074 6865 2063 6170 6162 696c 6974 ne the capabilit\n+0002c3e0: 6965 7320 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d ies of your term\n+0002c3f0: 696e 616c 2062 7920 6769 7669 6e67 2074 inal by giving t\n+0002c400: 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 6e0a 2020 he name of an. \n+0002c410: 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6e20 7468 6520 entry in the \n+0002c420: 7465 726d 696e 666f 2064 6174 6162 6173 terminfo databas\n+0002c430: 652c 2077 6869 6368 2073 686f 756c 6420 e, which should \n+0002c440: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 2072 6f75 6768 correspond rough\n+0002c450: 6c79 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 20e2 8098 ly to. a ...\n+0002c460: 5445 524d e280 9920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d TERM... environm\n+0002c470: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 ent variable in \n+0002c480: 556e 6978 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 Unix... The \n+0002c490: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 currently availa\n+0002c4a0: 626c 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 ble terminal typ\n+0002c4b0: 6573 2061 7265 20e2 8098 7674 3130 30e2 es are ...vt100.\n+0002c4c0: 8099 2c20 e280 9876 7431 3030 2d63 6f6c .., ...vt100-col\n+0002c4d0: 6f72 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 or...,. ...i\n+0002c4e0: 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 eee1275..., and \n+0002c4f0: e280 9864 756d 62e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 ...dumb.... If \n+0002c500: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 206f 7468 6572 2074 you need other t\n+0002c510: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 732c 2070 erminal types, p\n+0002c520: 6c65 6173 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 lease. conta\n+0002c530: 6374 2075 7320 746f 2064 6973 6375 7373 ct us to discuss\n+0002c540: 2074 6865 2062 6573 7420 7761 7920 746f the best way to\n+0002c550: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2073 7570 706f 7274 include support\n+0002c560: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2069 6e0a 2020 for these in. \n+0002c570: 2020 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 GRUB... T\n+0002c580: 6865 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 9920 28e2 8098 he ...-a... (...\n+0002c590: 2d2d 6173 6369 69e2 8099 292c 20e2 8098 --ascii...), ...\n+0002c5a0: 2d75 e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 7574 6638 -u... (...--utf8\n+0002c5b0: e280 9929 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 76e2 ...), and ...-v.\n+0002c5c0: 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d76 6973 7561 6c2d .. (...--visual-\n+0002c5d0: 7574 6638 e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 utf8...). op\n+0002c5e0: 7469 6f6e 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 686f tions control ho\n+0002c5f0: 7720 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 7465 7874 w non-ASCII text\n+0002c600: 2069 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642e 2020 is displayed. \n+0002c610: e280 982d 61e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 ...-a... specifi\n+0002c620: 6573 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 es an. ASCII\n+0002c630: 2d6f 6e6c 7920 7465 726d 696e 616c 3b20 -only terminal; \n+0002c640: e280 982d 75e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 ...-u... specifi\n+0002c650: 6573 206c 6f67 6963 616c 6c79 2d6f 7264 es logically-ord\n+0002c660: 6572 6564 2055 5446 2d38 3b20 616e 640a ered UTF-8; and.\n+0002c670: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 7370 ...-v... sp\n+0002c680: 6563 6966 6965 7320 2276 6973 7561 6c6c ecifies \"visuall\n+0002c690: 792d 6f72 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d 3822 y-ordered UTF-8\"\n+0002c6a0: 2028 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6473 (in other words\n+0002c6b0: 2c20 6172 7261 6e67 6564 0a20 2020 2020 , arranged. \n+0002c6c0: 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 6120 7465 726d such that a term\n+0002c6d0: 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 7769 inal emulator wi\n+0002c6e0: 7468 6f75 7420 6269 6469 7265 6374 696f thout bidirectio\n+0002c6f0: 6e61 6c20 7465 7874 2073 7570 706f 7274 nal text support\n+0002c700: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c . will displ\n+0002c710: 6179 2072 6967 6874 2d74 6f2d 6c65 6674 ay right-to-left\n+0002c720: 2074 6578 7420 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f text in the pro\n+0002c730: 7065 7220 6f72 6465 723b 2074 6869 7320 per order; this \n+0002c740: 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7265 616c is not. real\n+0002c750: 6c79 2070 726f 7065 7220 5554 462d 382c ly proper UTF-8,\n+0002c760: 2062 7574 2061 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e but a workaroun\n+0002c770: 6429 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 d)... The ..\n+0002c780: 982d 67e2 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d67 656f .-g... (...--geo\n+0002c790: 6d65 7472 79e2 8099 2920 6361 6e20 6265 metry...) can be\n+0002c7a0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 used to specify\n+0002c7b0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6765 6f6d 6574 terminal geomet\n+0002c7c0: 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206e 6f20 ry... If no \n+0002c7d0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 7465 726d 696e option or termin\n+0002c7e0: 616c 2074 7970 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 al type is speci\n+0002c7f0: 6669 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e fied, the curren\n+0002c800: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 t terminal. \n+0002c810: 7479 7065 2069 7320 7072 696e 7465 642e type is printed.\n+0002c820: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002c830: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d nfo, Node: Comm\n+0002c840: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002c850: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 s, Next: Networ\n+0002c860: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 king commands, \n+0002c870: 5072 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f Prev: General co\n+0002c880: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d mmands, Up: Com\n+0002c890: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3420 436f 6d6d mands..17.4 Comm\n+0002c8a0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002c8b0: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+0002c8c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n+0002c8d0: 6573 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 ese commands are\n+0002c8e0: 2075 7361 626c 6520 696e 2074 6865 2063 usable in the c\n+0002c8f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n+0002c900: 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e in menu entries.\n+0002c910: 2020 4966 0a79 6f75 2066 6f72 6765 7420 If.you forget \n+0002c920: 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2079 6f75 2063 a command, you c\n+0002c930: 616e 2072 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 an run the comma\n+0002c940: 6e64 20e2 8098 6865 6c70 e280 9920 282a nd ...help... (*\n+0002c950: 6e6f 7465 2068 656c 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a2a note help::)...*\n+0002c960: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 5b3a 3a20 2020 Menu:..* [:: \n 0002c970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002c980: 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 2074 Check file t\n-0002c990: 7970 6573 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 ypes and compare\n-0002c9a0: 2076 616c 7565 730a 2a20 6163 7069 3a3a values.* acpi::\n-0002c9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002c9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2041 4350 Load ACP\n-0002c9d0: 4920 7461 626c 6573 0a2a 2061 7574 6865 I tables.* authe\n-0002c9e0: 6e74 6963 6174 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 nticate:: \n-0002c9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2077 Check w\n-0002ca00: 6865 7468 6572 2075 7365 7220 6973 2069 hether user is i\n-0002ca10: 6e20 7573 6572 206c 6973 740a 2a20 6261 n user list.* ba\n-0002ca20: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 3a3a ckground_color::\n-0002ca30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n-0002ca40: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 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2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002cc50: 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 6269 7420 696e Test bit in\n+0002cc60: 2043 4d4f 530a 2a20 636d 703a 3a20 2020 CMOS.* cmp:: \n 0002cc70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cc80: 2020 436f 6d70 6172 6520 7477 6f20 6669 Compare two fi\n-0002cc90: 6c65 730a 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 les.* configfile\n-0002cca0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002ccb0: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 Load a confi\n-0002ccc0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 guration file.* \n-0002ccd0: 6370 7569 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cpuid:: \n-0002cce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 Ch\n-0002ccf0: 6563 6b20 666f 7220 4350 5520 6665 6174 eck for CPU feat\n-0002cd00: 7572 6573 0a2a 2063 7263 3a3a 2020 2020 ures.* crc:: \n+0002cc80: 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 6172 6520 7477 Compare tw\n+0002cc90: 6f20 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 o files.* config\n+0002cca0: 6669 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file:: \n+0002ccb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2063 Load a c\n+0002ccc0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+0002ccd0: 650a 2a20 6370 7569 643a 3a20 2020 2020 e.* cpuid:: \n+0002cce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002ccf0: 2020 4368 6563 6b20 666f 7220 4350 5520 Check for CPU \n+0002cd00: 6665 6174 7572 6573 0a2a 2063 7263 3a3a features.* crc::\n 0002cd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cd20: 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 Compute or \n-0002cd30: 6368 6563 6b20 4352 4333 3220 6368 6563 check CRC32 chec\n-0002cd40: 6b73 756d 730a 2a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f ksums.* cryptomo\n-0002cd50: 756e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 unt:: \n-0002cd60: 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6372 Mount a cr\n-0002cd70: 7970 746f 2064 6576 6963 650a 2a20 6375 ypto device.* cu\n-0002cd80: 746d 656d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tmem:: \n-0002cd90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f Remo\n-0002cda0: 7665 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e ve memory region\n-0002cdb0: 730a 2a20 6461 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 s.* date:: \n+0002cd20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 Compute\n+0002cd30: 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 4352 4333 3220 or check CRC32 \n+0002cd40: 6368 6563 6b73 756d 730a 2a20 6372 7970 checksums.* cryp\n+0002cd50: 746f 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 tomount:: \n+0002cd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 Mount \n+0002cd70: 6120 6372 7970 746f 2064 6576 6963 650a a crypto device.\n+0002cd80: 2a20 6375 746d 656d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * cutmem:: \n+0002cd90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002cda0: 5265 6d6f 7665 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 Remove memory re\n+0002cdb0: 6769 6f6e 730a 2a20 6461 7465 3a3a 2020 gions.* date:: \n 0002cdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cdd0: 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 6f72 2073 6574 Display or set\n-0002cde0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e current date an\n-0002cdf0: 6420 7469 6d65 0a2a 2064 6576 6963 6574 d time.* devicet\n-0002ce00: 7265 653a 3a20 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7269 7665 Map a drive\n+0002cea0: 2074 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 720a 2a20 6563 to another.* ec\n+0002ceb0: 686f 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ho:: \n+0002cec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4469 7370 Disp\n+0002ced0: 6c61 7920 6120 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 7465 lay a line of te\n+0002cee0: 7874 0a2a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 xt.* efitextmode\n+0002cef0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002cf00: 2020 2053 6574 2f47 6574 2074 6578 7420 Set/Get text \n+0002cf10: 6f75 7470 7574 206d 6f64 6520 7265 736f output mode reso\n+0002cf20: 6c75 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2065 7661 6c3a 3a20 lution.* eval:: \n 0002cf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cf40: 2020 2045 7661 6c75 6174 6520 6167 7275 Evaluate agru\n-0002cf50: 6d65 6e74 7320 6173 2047 5255 4220 636f ments as GRUB co\n-0002cf60: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a2a 2065 7870 6f72 743a mmands.* export:\n-0002cf70: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002cf80: 2020 2020 2020 2045 7870 6f72 7420 616e Export an\n-0002cf90: 2065 6e76 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7269 6573 0a2a 2068 GPT entries.* h\n-0002d0e0: 616c 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alt:: \n-0002d0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6875 Shu\n-0002d100: 7420 646f 776e 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 t down your comp\n-0002d110: 7574 6572 0a2a 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a uter.* hashsum::\n-0002d120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d130: 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 Compute or \n-0002d140: 6368 6563 6b20 6861 7368 2063 6865 636b check hash check\n-0002d150: 7375 6d0a 2a20 6865 6c70 3a3a 2020 2020 sum.* help:: \n+0002d000: 2020 2020 2052 6562 6f6f 7420 696e 746f Reboot into\n+0002d010: 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7365 the firmware se\n+0002d020: 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 0a2a 2067 6462 696e tup menu.* gdbin\n+0002d030: 666f 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fo:: \n+0002d040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 7669 6465 Provide\n+0002d050: 2069 6e66 6f20 666f 7220 6465 6275 6767 info for debugg\n+0002d060: 696e 6720 7769 7468 2047 4442 0a2a 2067 ing with GDB.* 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680a 2a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a hash.* module::\n-0002d450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d460: 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 206d 6f64 756c Load modul\n-0002d470: 6520 666f 7220 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 e for multiboot \n-0002d480: 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206d 756c 7469 626f kernel.* multibo\n-0002d490: 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot:: \n-0002d4a0: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6d75 6c74 Load mult\n-0002d4b0: 6962 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 iboot compliant \n-0002d4c0: 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206e 6174 6976 6564 kernel.* natived\n-0002d4d0: 6973 6b3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 isk:: \n-0002d4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 7769 7463 6820 746f Switch to\n-0002d4f0: 206e 6174 6976 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 native disk dri\n-0002d500: 7665 7273 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a20 vers.* normal:: \n-0002d510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d520: 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 206e 6f72 6d61 Enter norma\n-0002d530: 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f l mode.* 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2020 2020 2020 4f70 656e Open\n-0002d640: 2064 6576 6963 6520 656e 6372 7970 7465 device encrypte\n-0002d650: 6420 696e 2070 6c61 696e 206d 6f64 650a d in plain mode.\n-0002d660: 2a20 706c 6179 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * play:: \n+0002d390: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2064 6576 6963 6573 List devices\n+0002d3a0: 206f 7220 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 6c73 666f or files.* lsfo\n+0002d3b0: 6e74 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nts:: \n+0002d3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206c List l\n+0002d3d0: 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 730a 2a20 6c73 oaded fonts.* ls\n+0002d3e0: 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod:: \n+0002d3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5368 6f77 Show\n+0002d400: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 730a loaded modules.\n+0002d410: 2a20 6d64 3573 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * md5sum:: \n+0002d420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d430: 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b Compute or check\n+0002d440: 204d 4435 2068 6173 680a 2a20 6d6f 6475 MD5 hash.* modu\n+0002d450: 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le:: \n+0002d460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 206d Load m\n+0002d470: 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 6d75 6c74 6962 odule for multib\n+0002d480: 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206d 756c oot kernel.* mul\n+0002d490: 7469 626f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot:: \n+0002d4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n+0002d4b0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6c69 multiboot compli\n+0002d4c0: 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206e 6174 ant kernel.* nat\n+0002d4d0: 6976 6564 6973 6b3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ivedisk:: \n+0002d4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7769 7463 Switc\n+0002d4f0: 6820 746f 206e 6174 6976 6520 6469 736b h to native disk\n+0002d500: 2064 7269 7665 7273 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 drivers.* norma\n+0002d510: 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l:: \n+0002d520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 206e Enter n\n+0002d530: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 206e 6f72 ormal mode.* nor\n+0002d540: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 mal_exit:: \n+0002d550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 Exit \n+0002d560: 6672 6f6d 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 from normal mode\n+0002d570: 0a2a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c3a 3a20 2020 .* parttool:: \n+0002d580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d590: 204d 6f64 6966 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f Modify partitio\n+0002d5a0: 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 6965 730a n table entries.\n+0002d5b0: 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a 2020 2020 * password:: \n+0002d5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d5d0: 5365 7420 6120 636c 6561 722d 7465 7874 Set a clear-text\n+0002d5e0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2a20 7061 7373 password.* pass\n+0002d5f0: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a 3a20 2020 word_pbkdf2:: \n+0002d600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 Set a \n+0002d610: 6861 7368 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a hashed password.\n+0002d620: 2a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a3a 2020 * plainmount:: \n+0002d630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d640: 4f70 656e 2064 6576 6963 6520 656e 6372 Open device encr\n+0002d650: 7970 7465 6420 696e 2070 6c61 696e 206d ypted in plain m\n+0002d660: 6f64 650a 2a20 706c 6179 3a3a 2020 2020 ode.* play:: \n 0002d670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d680: 506c 6179 2061 2074 756e 650a 2a20 7072 Play a tune.* pr\n-0002d690: 6f62 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 obe:: \n-0002d6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 7472 Retr\n-0002d6b0: 6965 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f ieve device info\n-0002d6c0: 0a2a 2072 646d 7372 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 .* rdmsr:: \n+0002d680: 2020 2020 506c 6179 2061 2074 756e 650a Play a tune.\n+0002d690: 2a20 7072 6f62 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * probe:: \n+0002d6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d6b0: 5265 7472 6965 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 Retrieve device \n+0002d6c0: 696e 666f 0a2a 2072 646d 7372 3a3a 2020 info.* rdmsr:: \n 0002d6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d6e0: 2052 6561 6420 7661 6c75 6573 2066 726f Read values fro\n-0002d6f0: 6d20 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 m model-specific\n-0002d700: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 0a2a 2072 6561 registers.* rea\n-0002d710: 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d:: \n-0002d720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 Read \n-0002d730: 7573 6572 2069 6e70 7574 0a2a 2072 6562 user input.* reb\n-0002d740: 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot:: \n-0002d750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6562 6f6f Reboo\n-0002d760: 7420 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 720a t your computer.\n-0002d770: 2a20 7265 6765 7870 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * regexp:: \n+0002d6e0: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 7661 6c75 6573 Read values\n+0002d6f0: 2066 726f 6d20 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 from model-spec\n+0002d700: 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 0a2a ific registers.*\n+0002d710: 2072 6561 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 read:: \n+0002d720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n+0002d730: 6561 6420 7573 6572 2069 6e70 7574 0a2a ead user input.*\n+0002d740: 2072 6562 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 reboot:: \n+0002d750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n+0002d760: 6562 6f6f 7420 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 eboot your compu\n+0002d770: 7465 720a 2a20 7265 6765 7870 3a3a 2020 ter.* regexp:: \n 0002d780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d790: 5465 7374 2069 6620 7265 6775 6c61 7220 Test if regular \n-0002d7a0: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 206d 6174 6368 expression match\n-0002d7b0: 6573 2073 7472 696e 670a 2a20 726d 6d6f es string.* rmmo\n-0002d7c0: 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d:: \n-0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 Remove\n-0002d7e0: 2061 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2a20 7361 7665 a module.* save\n-0002d7f0: 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _env:: \n-0002d800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5361 7665 2076 Save v\n-0002d810: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 656e 7669 ariables to envi\n-0002d820: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 2a20 ronment block.* \n-0002d830: 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 search:: \n-0002d840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 Se\n-0002d850: 6172 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 arch devices by \n-0002d860: 6669 6c65 2c20 6c61 6265 6c2c 206f 7220 file, label, or \n-0002d870: 5555 4944 0a2a 2073 656e 646b 6579 3a3a UUID.* sendkey::\n-0002d880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d890: 2020 2020 2045 6d75 6c61 7465 206b 6579 Emulate key\n-0002d8a0: 7374 726f 6b65 730a 2a20 7365 743a 3a20 strokes.* set:: \n-0002d8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 616e 2065 Set an e\n-0002d8d0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-0002d8e0: 626c 650a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a 3a20 ble.* sha1sum:: \n-0002d8f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d900: 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 Compute or c\n-0002d910: 6865 636b 2053 4841 3120 6861 7368 0a2a heck SHA1 hash.*\n-0002d920: 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 sha256sum:: \n-0002d930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n-0002d940: 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 ompute or check \n-0002d950: 5348 4132 3536 2068 6173 680a 2a20 7368 SHA256 hash.* sh\n-0002d960: 6135 3132 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 a512sum:: \n-0002d970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 Comp\n-0002d980: 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 ute or check SHA\n-0002d990: 3531 3220 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6c65 6570 512 hash.* sleep\n-0002d9a0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6169 7420 666f Wait fo\n-0002d9c0: 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6e75 r a specified nu\n-0002d9d0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 730a mber of seconds.\n-0002d9e0: 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * smbios:: \n+0002d790: 2020 2020 5465 7374 2069 6620 7265 6775 Test if regu\n+0002d7a0: 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 206d lar expression m\n+0002d7b0: 6174 6368 6573 2073 7472 696e 670a 2a20 atches string.* \n+0002d7c0: 726d 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmmod:: \n+0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n+0002d7e0: 6d6f 7665 2061 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2a20 move a module.* \n+0002d7f0: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 save_env:: \n+0002d800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5361 Sa\n+0002d810: 7665 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 ve variables to \n+0002d820: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n+0002d830: 6b0a 2a20 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2020 2020 k.* search:: \n+0002d840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d850: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 Search devices\n+0002d860: 2062 7920 6669 6c65 2c20 6c61 6265 6c2c by file, label,\n+0002d870: 206f 7220 5555 4944 0a2a 2073 656e 646b or UUID.* sendk\n+0002d880: 6579 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ey:: \n+0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6d75 6c61 7465 Emulate\n+0002d8a0: 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 730a 2a20 7365 keystrokes.* se\n+0002d8b0: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n+0002d8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n+0002d8d0: 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 an environment v\n+0002d8e0: 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 ariable.* sha1su\n+0002d8f0: 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m:: \n+0002d900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 Compute \n+0002d910: 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3120 6861 or check SHA1 ha\n+0002d920: 7368 0a2a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a3a sh.* sha256sum::\n+0002d930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d940: 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 Compute or ch\n+0002d950: 6563 6b20 5348 4132 3536 2068 6173 680a eck SHA256 hash.\n+0002d960: 2a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 * sha512sum:: \n+0002d970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d980: 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b Compute or check\n+0002d990: 2053 4841 3531 3220 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 SHA512 hash.* s\n+0002d9a0: 6c65 6570 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 leep:: \n+0002d9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6169 Wai\n+0002d9c0: 7420 666f 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 6965 t for a specifie\n+0002d9d0: 6420 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f d number of seco\n+0002d9e0: 6e64 730a 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 3a3a 2020 nds.* smbios:: \n 0002d9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002da00: 5265 7472 6965 7665 2053 4d42 494f 5320 Retrieve SMBIOS \n-0002da10: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 736f information.* so\n-0002da20: 7572 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 urce:: \n-0002da30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 Read\n-0002da40: 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a configuration\n-0002da50: 2066 696c 6520 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f file in same co\n-0002da60: 6e74 6578 740a 2a20 7465 7374 3a3a 2020 ntext.* test:: \n-0002da70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002da80: 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 Check file\n-0002da90: 2074 7970 6573 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d 7061 types and compa\n-0002daa0: 7265 2076 616c 7565 730a 2a20 7472 7565 re values.* true\n-0002dab0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002dac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 Do not\n-0002dad0: 6869 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c hing, successful\n-0002dae0: 6c79 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 3a3a 2020 2020 ly.* trust:: \n+0002da00: 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2053 4d42 Retrieve SMB\n+0002da10: 494f 5320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a IOS information.\n+0002da20: 2a20 736f 7572 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * source:: \n+0002da30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002da40: 5265 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Read a configura\n+0002da50: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 696e 2073 616d tion file in sam\n+0002da60: 6520 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2a20 7465 7374 e context.* test\n+0002da70: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002da80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 Check \n+0002da90: 6669 6c65 2074 7970 6573 2061 6e64 2063 file types and c\n+0002daa0: 6f6d 7061 7265 2076 616c 7565 730a 2a20 ompare values.* \n+0002dab0: 7472 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true:: \n+0002dac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f Do\n+0002dad0: 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 6573 nothing, succes\n+0002dae0: 7366 756c 6c79 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 3a3a sfully.* trust::\n 0002daf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002db00: 2020 2041 6464 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 Add public ke\n-0002db10: 7920 746f 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 7275 y to list of tru\n-0002db20: 7374 6564 206b 6579 730a 2a20 756e 7365 sted keys.* unse\n-0002db30: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-0002db40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 7365 7420 Unset \n-0002db50: 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 an environment v\n-0002db60: 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7665 7269 6679 ariable.* verify\n-0002db70: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a20 2020 2020 _detached:: \n-0002db80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7269 6679 2064 Verify d\n-0002db90: 6574 6163 6865 6420 6469 6769 7461 6c20 etached digital \n-0002dba0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 650a 2a20 7669 6465 signature.* vide\n-0002dbb0: 6f69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 oinfo:: \n-0002dbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 List a\n-0002dbd0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f 206d vailable video m\n-0002dbe0: 6f64 6573 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 3a3a 2020 odes.* wrmsr:: \n-0002dbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002dc00: 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 2076 616c 7565 Write value\n-0002dc10: 7320 746f 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 s to model-speci\n-0002dc20: 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 730a 0a1f fic registers...\n-0002dc30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002dc40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 205b 2c20 204e 6578 , Node: [, Nex\n-0002dc50: 743a 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 436f t: acpi, Up: Co\n-0002dc60: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002dc70: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3120 5b0a 2d2d nds..17.4.1 [.--\n-0002dc80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002dc90: 616e 643a 205b 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f and: [ expressio\n-0002dca0: 6e20 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 n ]. Alias f\n-0002dcb0: 6f72 20e2 8098 7465 7374 2045 5850 5245 or ...test EXPRE\n-0002dcc0: 5353 494f 4ee2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 SSION... (*note \n-0002dcd0: 7465 7374 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 test::).....File\n-0002dce0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002dcf0: 6465 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: acpi, Next:\n-0002dd00: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 authenticate, \n-0002dd10: 5072 6576 3a20 5b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f Prev: [, Up: Co\n-0002dd20: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002dd30: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3220 6163 7069 nds..17.4.2 acpi\n-0002dd40: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d .-----------.. -\n-0002dd50: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 6370 6920 - Command: acpi \n-0002dd60: 5b2d 317c 2d32 5d20 5b2d 2d65 7863 6c75 [-1|-2] [--exclu\n-0002dd70: 6465 3d74 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e 2e7c 2d2d de=table1,...|--\n-0002dd80: 6c6f 6164 2d6f 6e6c 793d 7461 626c 6531 load-only=table1\n-0002dd90: 2c2e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,...]. \n-0002dda0: 5b2d 2d6f 656d 6964 3d69 645d 205b 2d2d [--oemid=id] [--\n-0002ddb0: 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 3d74 6162 6c65 5d20 oemtable=table] \n-0002ddc0: 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 6572 6576 3d72 [--oemtablerev=r\n-0002ddd0: 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ev]. [-\n-0002dde0: 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 6563 7265 6174 6f72 -oemtablecreator\n-0002ddf0: 3d63 7265 6174 6f72 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d =creator] [--oem\n-0002de00: 7461 626c 6563 7265 6174 6f72 7265 763d tablecreatorrev=\n-0002de10: 7265 765d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b rev]. [\n-0002de20: 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 615d 2066 696c 656e --no-ebda] filen\n-0002de30: 616d 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204d 6f64 ame .... Mod\n-0002de40: 6572 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 ern BIOS systems\n-0002de50: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 696d 706c 656d normally implem\n-0002de60: 656e 7420 7468 6520 4164 7661 6e63 6564 ent the Advanced\n-0002de70: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a20 Configuration. \n-0002de80: 2020 2020 616e 6420 506f 7765 7220 496e and Power In\n-0002de90: 7465 7266 6163 6520 2841 4350 4929 2c20 terface (ACPI), \n-0002dea0: 616e 6420 6465 6669 6e65 2076 6172 696f and define vario\n-0002deb0: 7573 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7468 6174 2064 us tables that d\n-0002dec0: 6573 6372 6962 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 escribe. the\n-0002ded0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2062 6574 7765 interface betwe\n-0002dee0: 656e 2061 6e20 4143 5049 2d63 6f6d 706c en an ACPI-compl\n-0002def0: 6961 6e74 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 iant operating s\n-0002df00: 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 ystem and the. \n-0002df10: 2020 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 496e firmware. In\n-0002df20: 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 732c 2074 6865 some cases, the\n-0002df30: 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 tables provided\n-0002df40: 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6f6e 6c79 by default only\n-0002df50: 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2077 656c 6c20 work. well \n-0002df60: 7769 7468 2063 6572 7461 696e 206f 7065 with certain ope\n-0002df70: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 rating systems, \n-0002df80: 616e 6420 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 6e65 and it may be ne\n-0002df90: 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 cessary to. \n-0002dfa0: 7265 706c 6163 6520 736f 6d65 206f 6620 replace some of \n-0002dfb0: 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 726d them... Norm\n-0002dfc0: 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 ally, this comma\n-0002dfd0: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 7265 706c 6163 6520 nd will replace \n-0002dfe0: 7468 6520 526f 6f74 2053 7973 7465 6d20 the Root System \n-0002dff0: 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 Description. \n-0002e000: 2050 6f69 6e74 6572 2028 5253 4450 2920 Pointer (RSDP) \n-0002e010: 696e 2074 6865 2045 7874 656e 6465 6420 in the Extended \n-0002e020: 4249 4f53 2044 6174 6120 4172 6561 2074 BIOS Data Area t\n-0002e030: 6f20 706f 696e 7420 746f 2074 6865 206e o point to the n\n-0002e040: 6577 0a20 2020 2020 7461 626c 6573 2e20 ew. tables. \n-0002e050: 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d If the ...--no-\n-0002e060: 6562 6461 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 ebda... option i\n-0002e070: 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6e65 7720 s used, the new \n-0002e080: 7461 626c 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 tables will be. \n-0002e090: 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2074 known only t\n-0002e0a0: 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 o GRUB, but may \n-0002e0b0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 6279 2047 5255 4227 be used by GRUB'\n-0002e0c0: 7320 4546 4920 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e2e s EFI emulation.\n-0002e0d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 .. Note: The\n-0002e0e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 command is not \n-0002e0f0: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 allowed when loc\n-0002e100: 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 kdown is enforce\n-0002e110: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f d (*note. Lo\n-0002e120: 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 4f74 6865 ckdown::). Othe\n-0002e130: 7277 6973 6520 616e 2061 7474 6163 6b65 rwise an attacke\n-0002e140: 7220 6361 6e20 696e 7374 7275 6374 2074 r can instruct t\n-0002e150: 6865 2047 5255 4220 746f 206c 6f61 640a he GRUB to load.\n-0002e160: 2020 2020 2061 6e20 5353 4454 2074 6162 an SSDT tab\n-0002e170: 6c65 2074 6f20 6f76 6572 7772 6974 6520 le to overwrite \n-0002e180: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206c 6f63 6b64 the kernel lockd\n-0002e190: 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f own configuratio\n-0002e1a0: 6e20 616e 640a 2020 2020 206c 6174 6572 n and. later\n-0002e1b0: 206c 6f61 6420 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 load and execut\n-0002e1c0: 6520 756e 7369 676e 6564 2063 6f64 652e e unsigned code.\n-0002e1d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002e1e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6175 7468 nfo, Node: auth\n-0002e1f0: 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a enticate, Next:\n-0002e200: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f background_colo\n-0002e210: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 r, Prev: acpi, \n-0002e220: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002e230: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0002e240: 2e33 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 650a .3 authenticate.\n-0002e250: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002e260: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002e270: 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 205b : authenticate [\n-0002e280: 7573 6572 6c69 7374 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 userlist]. C\n-0002e290: 6865 636b 2077 6865 7468 6572 2075 7365 heck whether use\n-0002e2a0: 7220 6973 2069 6e20 5553 4552 4c49 5354 r is in USERLIST\n-0002e2b0: 206f 7220 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 or listed in th\n-0002e2c0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e value of. \n-0002e2d0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 7375 7065 variable ...supe\n-0002e2e0: 7275 7365 7273 e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 rusers.... See \n-0002e2f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 *note superusers\n-0002e300: 3a3a 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 2075 7365 :: for valid use\n-0002e310: 7220 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 666f 726d r list. form\n-0002e320: 6174 2e20 2049 6620 e280 9873 7570 6572 at. If ...super\n-0002e330: 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2069 7320 656d 7074 users... is empt\n-0002e340: 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 y, this command \n-0002e350: 7265 7475 726e 7320 7472 7565 2e0a 2020 returns true.. \n-0002e360: 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 *Note Securit\n-0002e370: 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 y::.....File: gr\n-0002e380: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002e390: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 background_color\n-0002e3a0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6163 6b67 726f , Next: backgro\n-0002e3b0: 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 5072 6576 und_image, Prev\n-0002e3c0: 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 : authenticate, \n-0002e3d0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002e3e0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0002e3f0: 2e34 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f .4 background_co\n-0002e400: 6c6f 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lor.------------\n-0002e410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002e420: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 636b 6772 Command: backgr\n-0002e430: 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2063 6f6c 6f72 ound_color color\n-0002e440: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6261 636b 6772 . Set backgr\n-0002e450: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2061 ound color for a\n-0002e460: 6374 6976 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 ctive terminal. \n-0002e470: 2046 6f72 2076 616c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 For valid color\n-0002e480: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 . specificat\n-0002e490: 696f 6e73 2073 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2043 ions see *note C\n-0002e4a0: 6f6c 6f72 733a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c olors: Theme fil\n-0002e4b0: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2042 6163 6b67 e format. Backg\n-0002e4c0: 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 6f72 round. color\n-0002e4d0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 6420 can be changed \n-0002e4e0: 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 only when using \n-0002e4f0: e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 666f ...gfxterm... fo\n-0002e500: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 r terminal outpu\n-0002e510: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f t... This co\n-0002e520: 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7473 2063 6f6c 6f72 mmand sets color\n-0002e530: 206f 6620 656d 7074 7920 6172 6561 7320 of empty areas \n-0002e540: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7465 7874 2e20 2054 without text. T\n-0002e550: 6578 740a 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b67 726f ext. backgro\n-0002e560: 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 6973 2063 6f6e und color is con\n-0002e570: 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2065 6e76 6972 trolled by envir\n-0002e580: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-0002e590: 0a20 2020 2020 434f 4c4f 525f 4e4f 524d . COLOR_NORM\n-0002e5a0: 414c 2c20 434f 4c4f 525f 4849 4748 4c49 AL, COLOR_HIGHLI\n-0002e5b0: 4748 542c 204d 454e 555f 434f 4c4f 525f GHT, MENU_COLOR_\n-0002e5c0: 4e4f 524d 414c 2c0a 2020 2020 204d 454e NORMAL,. MEN\n-0002e5d0: 555f 434f 4c4f 525f 4849 4748 4c49 4748 U_COLOR_HIGHLIGH\n-0002e5e0: 542e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5370 6563 6961 T. *Note Specia\n-0002e5f0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-0002e600: 7269 6162 6c65 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 riables::.....Fi\n-0002e610: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002e620: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 Node: background\n-0002e630: 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 _image, Next: b\n-0002e640: 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6261 adram, Prev: ba\n-0002e650: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 ckground_color, \n-0002e660: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002e670: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0002e680: 2e35 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d .5 background_im\n-0002e690: 6167 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d age.------------\n-0002e6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002e6b0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 636b 6772 Command: backgr\n-0002e6c0: 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 205b 5b2d 2d6d ound_image [[--m\n-0002e6d0: 6f64 6520 7374 7265 7463 687c 6e6f 726d ode stretch|norm\n-0002e6e0: 616c 5d20 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 204c al] file]. L\n-0002e6f0: 6f61 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 oad background i\n-0002e700: 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2061 6374 6976 6520 mage for active \n-0002e710: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2066 726f 6d20 4649 terminal from FI\n-0002e720: 4c45 2e20 2049 6d61 6765 2069 730a 2020 LE. Image is. \n-0002e730: 2020 2073 7472 6574 6368 6564 2074 6f20 stretched to \n-0002e740: 6669 6c6c 2075 7020 656e 7469 7265 2073 fill up entire s\n-0002e750: 6372 6565 6e20 756e 6c65 7373 206f 7074 creen unless opt\n-0002e760: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d6d 6f64 65e2 8099 ion ...--mode...\n-0002e770: 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 990a 2020 ...normal.... \n-0002e780: 2020 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5769 is given. Wi\n-0002e790: 7468 6f75 7420 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 thout arguments \n-0002e7a0: 7265 6d6f 7665 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 remove currently\n-0002e7b0: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 loaded backgrou\n-0002e7c0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 652e 2020 nd. image. \n-0002e7d0: 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 Background image\n-0002e7e0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 6420 can be changed \n-0002e7f0: 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 only when using \n-0002e800: e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 990a 2020 ...gfxterm.... \n-0002e810: 2020 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 for terminal \n-0002e820: 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a output.....File:\n-0002e830: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002e840: 653a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 e: badram, Next\n-0002e850: 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 5072 : blocklist, Pr\n-0002e860: 6576 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 ev: background_i\n-0002e870: 6d61 6765 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 mage, Up: Comma\n-0002e880: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002e890: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 2062 6164 7261 6d0a ..17.4.6 badram.\n-0002e8a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002e8b0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 6472 -- Command: badr\n-0002e8c0: 616d 2061 6464 722c 6d61 736b 5b2c 6164 am addr,mask[,ad\n-0002e8d0: 6472 2c6d 6173 6b2e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 dr,mask...]. \n-0002e8e0: 2046 696c 7465 7220 6f75 7420 6261 6420 Filter out bad \n-0002e8f0: 5241 4d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 RAM... This \n-0002e900: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6e6f 7469 6669 6573 command notifies\n-0002e910: 2074 6865 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 6e61 the memory mana\n-0002e920: 6765 7220 7468 6174 2073 7065 6369 6669 ger that specifi\n-0002e930: 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e73 206f 660a 2020 ed regions of. \n-0002e940: 2020 2052 414d 206f 7567 6874 2074 6f20 RAM ought to \n-0002e950: 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 6420 6f75 7420 be filtered out \n-0002e960: 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 6265 6361 7573 (usually, becaus\n-0002e970: 6520 7468 6579 2772 6520 6461 6d61 6765 e they're damage\n-0002e980: 6429 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 7265 d).. This re\n-0002e990: 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 6666 6563 7420 mains in effect \n-0002e9a0: 6166 7465 7220 6120 7061 796c 6f61 6420 after a payload \n-0002e9b0: 6b65 726e 656c 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 kernel has been \n-0002e9c0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2047 loaded by. G\n-0002e9d0: 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 RUB, as long as \n-0002e9e0: 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 206b 6572 6e65 the loaded kerne\n-0002e9f0: 6c20 6f62 7461 696e 7320 6974 7320 6d65 l obtains its me\n-0002ea00: 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 mory map from. \n-0002ea10: 2020 2047 5255 422e 2020 4b65 726e 656c GRUB. Kernel\n-0002ea20: 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 s that support t\n-0002ea30: 6869 7320 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 his include Linu\n-0002ea40: 782c 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 x, GNU Mach, the\n-0002ea50: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 . kernel of \n-0002ea60: 4672 6565 4253 4420 616e 6420 4d75 6c74 FreeBSD and Mult\n-0002ea70: 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e iboot kernels in\n-0002ea80: 2067 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 general... \n-0002ea90: 5379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 7468 6520 7361 Syntax is the sa\n-0002eaa0: 6d65 2061 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 me as provided b\n-0002eab0: 7920 7468 6520 4d65 6d74 6573 7438 362b y the Memtest86+\n-0002eac0: 2075 7469 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 2020 2868 utility. (h\n-0002ead0: 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 6d65 6d74 6573 ttp://www.memtes\n-0002eae0: 742e 6f72 672f 293a 2061 206c 6973 7420 t.org/): a list \n-0002eaf0: 6f66 2061 6464 7265 7373 2f6d 6173 6b20 of address/mask \n-0002eb00: 7061 6972 732e 2020 4769 7665 6e20 610a pairs. Given a.\n-0002eb10: 2020 2020 2070 6167 652d 616c 6967 6e65 page-aligne\n-0002eb20: 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 6120 d address and a \n-0002eb30: 6261 7365 2061 6464 7265 7373 202f 206d base address / m\n-0002eb40: 6173 6b20 7061 6972 2c20 6966 2061 6c6c ask pair, if all\n-0002eb50: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6269 7473 206f the. bits o\n-0002eb60: 6620 7468 6520 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 676e f the page-align\n-0002eb70: 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2074 6861 7420 ed address that \n-0002eb80: 6172 6520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2074 are enabled by t\n-0002eb90: 6865 206d 6173 6b20 6d61 7463 680a 2020 he mask match. \n-0002eba0: 2020 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 7365 with the base\n-0002ebb0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 206d 6561 address, it mea\n-0002ebc0: 6e73 2074 6869 7320 7061 6765 2069 7320 ns this page is \n-0002ebd0: 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 2e20 to be filtered. \n-0002ebe0: 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2073 796e 7461 This. synta\n-0002ebf0: 7820 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 7920 x makes it easy \n-0002ec00: 746f 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 2070 6174 to represent pat\n-0002ec10: 7465 726e 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 206f terns that are o\n-0002ec20: 6674 656e 2072 6573 756c 7420 6f66 0a20 ften result of. \n-0002ec30: 2020 2020 6d65 6d6f 7279 2064 616d 6167 memory damag\n-0002ec40: 652c 2064 7565 2074 6f20 7068 7973 6963 e, due to physic\n-0002ec50: 616c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 al distribution \n-0002ec60: 6f66 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6365 6c6c 732e of memory cells.\n-0002ec70: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 .. The comma\n-0002ec80: 6e64 2069 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f nd is similar to\n-0002ec90: 20e2 8098 6375 746d 656d e280 9920 636f ...cutmem... co\n-0002eca0: 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 mmand... Not\n-0002ecb0: 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 e: The command i\n-0002ecc0: 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 s not allowed wh\n-0002ecd0: 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 en lockdown is e\n-0002ece0: 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 nforced (*note. \n-0002ecf0: 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e Lockdown::).\n-0002ed00: 2020 5468 6973 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 This prevents \n-0002ed10: 7265 6d6f 7669 6e67 2045 4649 206d 656d removing EFI mem\n-0002ed20: 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 746f 0a20 ory regions to. \n-0002ed30: 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c6c 7920 potentially \n-0002ed40: 7375 6276 6572 7420 7468 6520 7365 6375 subvert the secu\n-0002ed50: 7269 7479 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 7320 rity mechanisms \n-0002ed60: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 provided by the \n-0002ed70: 5545 4649 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6375 7265 UEFI. secure\n-0002ed80: 2062 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 boot.....File: \n-0002ed90: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002eda0: 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 4e65 : blocklist, Ne\n-0002edb0: 7874 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: boot, Prev:\n-0002edc0: 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f badram, Up: Co\n-0002edd0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002ede0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3720 626c 6f63 nds..17.4.7 bloc\n-0002edf0: 6b6c 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d klist.----------\n-0002ee00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002ee10: 616e 643a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2066 and: blocklist f\n-0002ee20: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 ile. Print a\n-0002ee30: 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 282a 6e6f block list (*no\n-0002ee40: 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 te Block list sy\n-0002ee50: 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 4649 4c45 ntax::) for FILE\n-0002ee60: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002ee70: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6f6f info, Node: boo\n-0002ee80: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6361 742c 2020 t, Next: cat, \n-0002ee90: 5072 6576 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c Prev: blocklist,\n-0002eea0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0002eeb0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0002eec0: 342e 3820 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.8 boot.-------\n-0002eed0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002eee0: 643a 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2042 6f6f d: boot. Boo\n-0002eef0: 7420 7468 6520 4f53 206f 7220 6368 6169 t the OS or chai\n-0002ef00: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 2077 6869 6368 2068 n-loader which h\n-0002ef10: 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 as been loaded. \n-0002ef20: 204f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6365 7373 6172 790a Only necessary.\n-0002ef30: 2020 2020 2069 6620 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 if running \n-0002ef40: 7468 6520 6675 6c6c 7920 696e 7465 7261 the fully intera\n-0002ef50: 6374 6976 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 ctive command-li\n-0002ef60: 6e65 2028 6974 2069 7320 696d 706c 6963 ne (it is implic\n-0002ef70: 6974 2061 740a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2065 it at. the e\n-0002ef80: 6e64 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 nd of a menu ent\n-0002ef90: 7279 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ry).....File: gr\n-0002efa0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002efb0: 6361 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636c 6561 cat, Next: clea\n-0002efc0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 r, Prev: boot, \n-0002efd0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002efe0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0002eff0: 2e39 2063 6174 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .9 cat.---------\n-0002f000: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002f010: 6361 7420 5b2d 2d64 6f73 5d20 6669 6c65 cat [--dos] file\n-0002f020: 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 . Display th\n-0002f030: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 e contents of th\n-0002f040: 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 e file FILE. Th\n-0002f050: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206d 6179 2062 is command may b\n-0002f060: 6520 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 746f e useful. to\n-0002f070: 2072 656d 696e 6420 796f 7520 6f66 2079 remind you of y\n-0002f080: 6f75 7220 4f53 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 7061 our OS's root pa\n-0002f090: 7274 6974 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 rtition:.. \n-0002f0a0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6361 7420 2f65 grub> cat /e\n-0002f0b0: 7463 2f66 7374 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 tc/fstab.. I\n-0002f0c0: 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d64 6f73 e280 f the ...--dos..\n-0002f0d0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 . option is used\n-0002f0e0: 2c20 7468 656e 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 , then carriage \n-0002f0f0: 7265 7475 726e 202f 206e 6577 206c 696e return / new lin\n-0002f100: 650a 2020 2020 2070 6169 7273 2077 696c e. pairs wil\n-0002f110: 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2061 l be displayed a\n-0002f120: 7320 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 206e 6577 206c s a simple new l\n-0002f130: 696e 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c ine. Otherwise,\n-0002f140: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6361 7272 6961 the. carria\n-0002f150: 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 ge return will b\n-0002f160: 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6173 2061 e displayed as a\n-0002f170: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2063 6861 7261 6374 control charact\n-0002f180: 6572 2028 e280 983c 643e e280 9929 2074 er (......) t\n-0002f190: 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 6974 2065 o. make it e\n-0002f1a0: 6173 6965 7220 746f 2073 6565 2077 6865 asier to see whe\n-0002f1b0: 6e20 626f 6f74 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 n boot problems \n-0002f1c0: 6172 6520 6361 7573 6564 2062 7920 6120 are caused by a \n-0002f1d0: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 666f 726d 6174 file. format\n-0002f1e0: 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 444f 532d 7374 ted using DOS-st\n-0002f1f0: 796c 6520 6c69 6e65 2065 6e64 696e 6773 yle line endings\n-0002f200: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 e280 ... Note: ..\n-0002f210: 9863 6174 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 .cat... can be u\n-0002f220: 7365 6420 746f 2076 6965 7720 7468 6520 sed to view the \n-0002f230: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6465 7669 contents of devi\n-0002f240: 6365 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 ces using the. \n-0002f250: 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 block list sy\n-0002f260: 6e74 6178 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 ntax (*note Bloc\n-0002f270: 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 k list syntax::)\n-0002f280: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6974 2069 . However, it i\n-0002f290: 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2061 6476 6973 s not. advis\n-0002f2a0: 6564 2074 6f20 7669 6577 2062 696e 6172 ed to view binar\n-0002f2b0: 7920 6461 7461 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 y data because i\n-0002f2c0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6465 t will try to de\n-0002f2d0: 636f 6465 2055 5446 2d38 0a20 2020 2020 code UTF-8. \n-0002f2e0: 7374 7269 6e67 732c 2077 6869 6368 2063 strings, which c\n-0002f2f0: 616e 206c 6561 6420 746f 2073 6f6d 6520 an lead to some \n-0002f300: 6279 7465 7320 6d69 7373 696e 6720 6f72 bytes missing or\n-0002f310: 2061 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 added in the. \n-0002f320: 2020 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 496e 7374 output. Inst\n-0002f330: 6561 642c 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ead, use the ...\n-0002f340: 6865 7864 756d 70e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 hexdump... comma\n-0002f350: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 7864 756d nd (*note hexdum\n-0002f360: 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 p::).....File: g\n-0002f370: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002f380: 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 clear, Next: c\n-0002f390: 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 2050 7265 763a mosclean, Prev:\n-0002f3a0: 2063 6174 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 cat, Up: Comma\n-0002f3b0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002f3c0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3020 636c 6561 720a ..17.4.10 clear.\n-0002f3d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002f3e0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636c 6561 -- Command: clea\n-0002f3f0: 720a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 2074 6865 r. Clear the\n-0002f400: 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 screen.....File\n-0002f410: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002f420: 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 de: cmosclean, \n-0002f430: 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 Next: cmosdump, \n-0002f440: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 2055 Prev: clear, U\n-0002f450: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0002f460: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 commands..17.4.1\n-0002f470: 3120 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 1 cmosclean.----\n-0002f480: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002f490: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d 6f73 -- Command: cmos\n-0002f4a0: 636c 6561 6e20 6279 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 clean byte:bit. \n-0002f4b0: 2020 2020 436c 6561 7220 7661 6c75 6520 Clear value \n-0002f4c0: 6f66 2062 6974 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 2061 of bit in CMOS a\n-0002f4d0: 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2042 5954 453a t location BYTE:\n-0002f4e0: 4249 542e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 BIT. This comma\n-0002f4f0: 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c nd is. avail\n-0002f500: 6162 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 able only on pla\n-0002f510: 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 tforms that supp\n-0002f520: 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ort CMOS.....Fil\n-0002f530: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002f540: 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 ode: cmosdump, \n-0002f550: 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 Next: cmostest, \n-0002f560: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e Prev: cmosclean\n-0002f570: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002f580: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002f590: 2e34 2e31 3220 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 0a2d .4.12 cmosdump.-\n-0002f5a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0002f5b0: 0a20 2d2d 2044 756d 703a 2043 4d4f 5320 . -- Dump: CMOS \n-0002f5c0: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 4475 contents. Du\n-0002f5d0: 6d70 2066 756c 6c20 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e mp full CMOS con\n-0002f5e0: 7465 6e74 7320 6173 2068 6578 6164 6563 tents as hexadec\n-0002f5f0: 696d 616c 2076 616c 7565 732e 2020 5468 imal values. Th\n-0002f600: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 730a 2020 is command is. \n-0002f610: 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e6c available onl\n-0002f620: 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 y on platforms t\n-0002f630: 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 hat support CMOS\n-0002f640: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002f650: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f info, Node: cmo\n-0002f660: 7374 6573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d stest, Next: cm\n-0002f670: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 p, Prev: cmosdu\n-0002f680: 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 mp, Up: Command\n-0002f690: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0002f6a0: 3137 2e34 2e31 3320 636d 6f73 7465 7374 17.4.13 cmostest\n-0002f6b0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0002f6c0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002f6d0: 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2062 7974 653a 6269 cmostest byte:bi\n-0002f6e0: 740a 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 7661 6c75 t. Test valu\n-0002f6f0: 6520 6f66 2062 6974 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 e of bit in CMOS\n-0002f700: 2061 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2042 5954 at location BYT\n-0002f710: 453a 4249 542e 2020 4578 6974 2073 7461 E:BIT. Exit sta\n-0002f720: 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7a65 726f tus is. zero\n-0002f730: 2069 6620 6269 7420 6973 2073 6574 2c20 if bit is set, \n-0002f740: 6e6f 6e20 7a65 726f 206f 7468 6572 7769 non zero otherwi\n-0002f750: 7365 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e se. This comman\n-0002f760: 6420 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 d is available. \n-0002f770: 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 only on plat\n-0002f780: 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f forms that suppo\n-0002f790: 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rt CMOS.....File\n-0002f7a0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002f7b0: 6465 3a20 636d 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 de: cmp, Next: \n-0002f7c0: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 configfile, Pre\n-0002f7d0: 763a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 5570 v: cmostest, Up\n-0002f7e0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002f7f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3134 ommands..17.4.14\n-0002f800: 2063 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cmp.-----------\n-0002f810: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n-0002f820: 6d70 205b 2d76 5d20 6669 6c65 3120 6669 mp [-v] file1 fi\n-0002f830: 6c65 320a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7061 7265 le2. Compare\n-0002f840: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 4649 4c45 3120 the file FILE1 \n-0002f850: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 4649 with the file FI\n-0002f860: 4c45 322e 2020 4966 2074 6865 7920 6172 LE2. If they ar\n-0002f870: 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 6c79 0a20 2020 e completely. \n-0002f880: 2020 6964 656e 7469 6361 6c2c 20e2 8098 identical, ...\n-0002f890: 243f e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 $?... will be se\n-0002f8a0: 7420 746f 2030 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 t to 0. Otherwi\n-0002f8b0: 7365 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 se, if the files\n-0002f8c0: 2061 7265 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6964 are not. id\n-0002f8d0: 656e 7469 6361 6c2c 20e2 8098 243f e280 entical, ...$?..\n-0002f8e0: 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f . will be set to\n-0002f8f0: 2061 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 a nonzero value\n-0002f900: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 ... By defau\n-0002f910: 6c74 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2077 696c 6c20 lt nothing will \n-0002f920: 6265 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 4966 2074 be output. If t\n-0002f930: 6865 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 6973 2075 he ...-v... is u\n-0002f940: 7365 642c 2076 6572 626f 7365 0a20 2020 sed, verbose. \n-0002f950: 2020 6d6f 6465 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 mode is enable\n-0002f960: 642e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6d6f 6465 d. In this mode\n-0002f970: 2077 6865 6e20 7768 656e 2074 6865 2066 when when the f\n-0002f980: 696c 6573 2064 6966 6665 7220 696e 2073 iles differ in s\n-0002f990: 697a 652c 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7420 ize,. print \n-0002f9a0: 7468 6520 7369 7a65 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 the sizes like t\n-0002f9b0: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 his:.. \n-0002f9c0: 4469 6666 6572 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 3a20 Differ in size: \n-0002f9d0: 3078 3132 3334 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 0x1234 [foo], 0x\n-0002f9e0: 3433 3231 205b 6261 725d 0a0a 2020 2020 4321 [bar].. \n-0002f9f0: 2049 6620 7468 6520 7369 7a65 7320 6172 If the sizes ar\n-0002fa00: 6520 6571 7561 6c20 6275 7420 7468 6520 e equal but the \n-0002fa10: 6279 7465 7320 6174 2061 6e20 6f66 6673 bytes at an offs\n-0002fa20: 6574 2064 6966 6665 722c 2074 6865 6e0a et differ, then.\n-0002fa30: 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2062 print the b\n-0002fa40: 7974 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a ytes like this:.\n-0002fa50: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6966 6665 . Diffe\n-0002fa60: 7220 6174 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 r at the offset \n-0002fa70: 3737 373a 2030 7862 6520 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 777: 0xbe [foo],\n-0002fa80: 2030 7865 6620 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a1f 0a46 0xef [bar]....F\n-0002fa90: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002faa0: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c Node: configfil\n-0002fab0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6370 7569 642c e, Next: cpuid,\n-0002fac0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 702c 2020 5570 Prev: cmp, Up\n-0002fad0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002fae0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3135 ommands..17.4.15\n-0002faf0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d configfile.----\n-0002fb00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0002fb10: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6f6e -- Command: con\n-0002fb20: 6669 6766 696c 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 figfile file. \n-0002fb30: 2020 4c6f 6164 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 Load FILE as a\n-0002fb40: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-0002fb50: 696c 652e 2020 4966 2046 494c 4520 6465 ile. If FILE de\n-0002fb60: 6669 6e65 7320 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 0a20 fines any menu. \n-0002fb70: 2020 2020 656e 7472 6965 732c 2074 6865 entries, the\n-0002fb80: 6e20 7368 6f77 2061 206d 656e 7520 636f n show a menu co\n-0002fb90: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 696d ntaining them im\n-0002fba0: 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 416e 790a mediately. Any.\n-0002fbb0: 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 environment\n-0002fbc0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 variable change\n-0002fbd0: 7320 6d61 6465 2062 7920 7468 6520 636f s made by the co\n-0002fbe0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2077 mmands in FILE w\n-0002fbf0: 696c 6c20 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2062 6520 ill not. be \n-0002fc00: 7072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 preserved after \n-0002fc10: e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ...configfile...\n-0002fc20: 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c returns.....Fil\n-0002fc30: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002fc40: 6f64 653a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 204e 6578 ode: cpuid, Nex\n-0002fc50: 743a 2063 7263 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 t: crc, Prev: c\n-0002fc60: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 onfigfile, Up: \n-0002fc70: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002fc80: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3136 2063 mands..17.4.16 c\n-0002fc90: 7075 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d puid.-----------\n-0002fca0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002fcb0: 2063 7075 6964 205b 2d6c 5d20 5b2d 705d cpuid [-l] [-p]\n-0002fcc0: 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 666f 7220 . Check for \n-0002fcd0: 4350 5520 6665 6174 7572 6573 2e20 2054 CPU features. T\n-0002fce0: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f his command is o\n-0002fcf0: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e nly available on\n-0002fd00: 2078 3836 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d x86. system\n-0002fd10: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 s... With th\n-0002fd20: 6520 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-l... optio\n-0002fd30: 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 n, return true i\n-0002fd40: 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 7070 6f72 f the CPU suppor\n-0002fd50: 7473 206c 6f6e 6720 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 ts long mode. \n-0002fd60: 2020 2836 342d 6269 7429 2e0a 0a20 2020 (64-bit)... \n-0002fd70: 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d70 With the ...-p\n-0002fd80: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7475 ... option, retu\n-0002fd90: 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 2043 rn true if the C\n-0002fda0: 5055 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 5068 7973 PU supports Phys\n-0002fdb0: 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 4164 6472 6573 ical. Addres\n-0002fdc0: 7320 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 2850 4145 s Extension (PAE\n-0002fdd0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 696e 766f )... If invo\n-0002fde0: 6b65 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 7469 ked without opti\n-0002fdf0: 6f6e 732c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e ons, this comman\n-0002fe00: 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6265 6861 d currently beha\n-0002fe10: 7665 7320 6173 2069 6620 6974 0a20 2020 ves as if it. \n-0002fe20: 2020 6861 6420 6265 656e 2069 6e76 6f6b had been invok\n-0002fe30: 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 ed with ...-l...\n-0002fe40: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6368 616e . This may chan\n-0002fe50: 6765 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 ge in the future\n-0002fe60: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002fe70: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7263 info, Node: crc\n-0002fe80: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d , Next: cryptom\n-0002fe90: 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7075 ount, Prev: cpu\n-0002fea0: 6964 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 id, Up: Command\n-0002feb0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0002fec0: 3137 2e34 2e31 3720 6372 630a 2d2d 2d2d 17.4.17 crc.----\n-0002fed0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0002fee0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6372 6320 6172 6720 2e2e mand: crc arg ..\n-0002fef0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 .. Alias for\n-0002ff00: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 ...hashsum --ha\n-0002ff10: 7368 2063 7263 3332 2061 7267 202e 2e2e sh crc32 arg ...\n-0002ff20: e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d 616e .... See comman\n-0002ff30: 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 990a d ...hashsum....\n-0002ff40: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 (*note hash\n-0002ff50: 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 sum::) for full \n-0002ff60: 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a description.....\n-0002ff70: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002ff80: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f Node: cryptomo\n-0002ff90: 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6375 746d unt, Next: cutm\n-0002ffa0: 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7263 2c20 em, Prev: crc, \n-0002ffb0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002ffc0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0002ffd0: 2e31 3820 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 740a .18 cryptomount.\n-0002ffe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002fff0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00030000: 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 7420 5b20 : cryptomount [ \n-00030010: 5b2d 7020 7061 7373 776f 7264 5d20 7c20 [-p password] | \n-00030020: 5b2d 6b20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 5b2d 4f20 [-k keyfile [-O \n-00030030: 6b65 796f 6666 7365 745d 0a20 2020 2020 keyoffset]. \n-00030040: 2020 2020 205b 2d53 206b 6579 7369 7a65 [-S keysize\n-00030050: 5d20 5d20 5d20 5b2d 4820 6669 6c65 5d20 ] ] ] [-H file] \n-00030060: 6465 7669 6365 7c2d 7520 7575 6964 7c2d device|-u uuid|-\n-00030070: 617c 2d62 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7475 7020 a|-b. Setup \n-00030080: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 656e 6372 7970 access to encryp\n-00030090: 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2041 2070 ted device. A p\n-000300a0: 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 assphrase will b\n-000300b0: 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 640a 2020 2020 e requested. \n-000300c0: 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 interactively, \n-000300d0: 6966 206e 6569 7468 6572 2074 6865 20e2 if neither the .\n-000300e0: 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6e6f 7220 e280 982d ..-p... nor ...-\n-000300f0: 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 k... options are\n-00030100: 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 given. The. \n-00030110: 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 option ...-p..\n-00030120: 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f . can be used to\n-00030130: 2073 7570 706c 7920 6120 7061 7373 7068 supply a passph\n-00030140: 7261 7365 2028 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 rase (useful for\n-00030150: 0a20 2020 2020 7363 7269 7074 7329 2e20 . scripts). \n-00030160: 2041 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2074 Alternatively t\n-00030170: 6865 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 9920 6f70 7469 he ...-k... opti\n-00030180: 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 on can be used t\n-00030190: 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2061 0a20 2020 2020 o supply a. \n-000301a0: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7769 7468 206f 7074 keyfile with opt\n-000301b0: 696f 6e73 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 616e ions ...-O... an\n-000301c0: 6420 e280 982d 53e2 8099 206f 7074 696f d ...-S... optio\n-000301d0: 6e61 6c6c 7920 7375 7070 6c79 696e 6720 nally supplying \n-000301e0: 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 0a20 2020 2020 the offset. \n-000301f0: 616e 6420 7369 7a65 2c20 7265 7370 6563 and size, respec\n-00030200: 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 6f66 2074 6865 206b tively, of the k\n-00030210: 6579 2064 6174 6120 696e 2074 6865 2067 ey data in the g\n-00030220: 6976 656e 206b 6579 2066 696c 652e 2020 iven key file. \n-00030230: 5468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d48 e280 The. ...-H..\n-00030240: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6361 6e20 6265 . options can be\n-00030250: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706c 7920 used to supply \n-00030260: 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 7420 6261 636b cryptomount back\n-00030270: 656e 6473 2077 6974 6820 616e 0a20 2020 ends with an. \n-00030280: 2020 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 6865 alternative he\n-00030290: 6164 6572 2066 696c 6520 2861 6b61 2064 ader file (aka d\n-000302a0: 6574 6163 6865 6420 6865 6164 6572 292e etached header).\n-000302b0: 2020 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6261 636b 656e Not all backen\n-000302c0: 6473 0a20 2020 2020 6861 7665 2068 6561 ds. have hea\n-000302d0: 6465 7273 206e 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 ders nor support\n-000302e0: 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2068 6561 alternative hea\n-000302f0: 6465 7220 6669 6c65 7320 2863 7572 7265 der files (curre\n-00030300: 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 204c ntly only. L\n-00030310: 554b 5331 2061 6e64 204c 554b 5332 2073 UKS1 and LUKS2 s\n-00030320: 7570 706f 7274 2074 6865 6d29 2e20 2041 upport them). A\n-00030330: 7267 756d 656e 7420 4445 5649 4345 2063 rgument DEVICE c\n-00030340: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 7370 6563 6966 onfigures specif\n-00030350: 6963 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2064 6576 ic. grub dev\n-00030360: 6963 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d 696e ice (*note Namin\n-00030370: 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 293b g convention::);\n-00030380: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 75e2 8099 option ...-u...\n-00030390: 2055 5549 440a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 UUID. confi\n-000303a0: 6775 7265 7320 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 gures device wit\n-000303b0: 6820 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 5555 4944 h specified UUID\n-000303c0: 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 ; option ...-a..\n-000303d0: 9920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2061 6c6c . configures all\n-000303e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7465 6374 6564 2065 . detected e\n-000303f0: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 ncrypted devices\n-00030400: 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d62 e280 ; option ...-b..\n-00030410: 9920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2061 6c6c . configures all\n-00030420: 2067 656c 690a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 geli. conta\n-00030430: 696e 6572 7320 7468 6174 2068 6176 6520 iners that have \n-00030440: 626f 6f74 2066 6c61 6720 7365 742e 0a0a boot flag set...\n-00030450: 2020 2020 2044 6576 6963 6573 2061 7265 Devices are\n-00030460: 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2074 6f20 not allowed to \n-00030470: 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 7320 6b65 7920 be given as key \n-00030480: 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7220 6173 2064 6574 files nor as det\n-00030490: 6163 6865 640a 2020 2020 2068 6561 6465 ached. heade\n-000304a0: 7220 6669 6c65 732e 2020 486f 7765 7665 r files. Howeve\n-000304b0: 722c 2074 6869 7320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 r, this limitati\n-000304c0: 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 776f 726b 6564 on can be worked\n-000304d0: 2061 726f 756e 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 around by. \n-000304e0: 7573 696e 6720 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 using blocklist \n-000304f0: 7379 6e74 6178 2e20 2053 6f20 666f 7220 syntax. So for \n-00030500: 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 e280 9828 6864 instance, ...(hd\n-00030510: 312c 6770 7432 29e2 8099 2063 616e 206e 1,gpt2)... can n\n-00030520: 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 2075 7365 642c ot be. used,\n-00030530: 2062 7574 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c67 7074 but ...(hd1,gpt\n-00030540: 3229 302b e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2061 6368 2)0+... will ach\n-00030550: 6965 7665 2074 6865 2064 6573 6972 6564 ieve the desired\n-00030560: 2072 6573 756c 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 result... G\n-00030570: 5255 4220 7375 706f 7274 7320 6465 7669 RUB suports devi\n-00030580: 6365 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 7573 ces encrypted us\n-00030590: 696e 6720 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 3220 ing LUKS, LUKS2 \n-000305a0: 616e 6420 6765 6c69 2e20 204e 6f74 650a and geli. Note.\n-000305b0: 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 6e65 6365 7373 that necess\n-000305c0: 6172 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 284c 554b ary modules (LUK\n-000305d0: 532c 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2047 454c S, LUKS2 and GEL\n-000305e0: 4929 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 6520 6c6f I) have to be lo\n-000305f0: 6164 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 616c aded. manual\n-00030600: 6c79 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6973 2063 ly before this c\n-00030610: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 ommand can be us\n-00030620: 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 204c 554b 5332 206f ed. For LUKS2 o\n-00030630: 6e6c 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2050 424b nly the. PBK\n-00030640: 4446 3220 6b65 7920 6465 7269 7661 7469 DF2 key derivati\n-00030650: 6f6e 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2073 on function is s\n-00030660: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 6173 2041 7267 upported, as Arg\n-00030670: 6f6e 3220 6973 206e 6f74 2079 6574 0a20 on2 is not yet. \n-00030680: 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a supported...\n-00030690: 2020 2020 2053 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c Successfull\n-000306a0: 7920 6465 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b y decrypted disk\n-000306b0: 7320 6172 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 6173 2028 s are named as (\n-000306c0: 6372 7970 746f 5829 2061 6e64 2068 6176 cryptoX) and hav\n-000306d0: 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e63 7265 6173 696e e. increasin\n-000306e0: 6720 6e75 6d65 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 7566 g numeration suf\n-000306f0: 6669 7820 666f 7220 6561 6368 206e 6577 fix for each new\n-00030700: 2064 6563 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b2e decrypted disk.\n-00030710: 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e If the. en\n-00030720: 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 2068 6f73 crypted disk hos\n-00030730: 7473 2073 6f6d 6520 6869 6768 6572 206c ts some higher l\n-00030740: 6576 656c 206f 6620 6162 7374 7261 6374 evel of abstract\n-00030750: 696f 6e20 286c 696b 6520 4c56 4d32 206f ion (like LVM2 o\n-00030760: 720a 2020 2020 204d 4452 4149 4429 2069 r. MDRAID) i\n-00030770: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6372 6561 7465 t will be create\n-00030780: 6420 756e 6465 7220 6120 7365 7061 7261 d under a separa\n-00030790: 7465 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7370 te device namesp\n-000307a0: 6163 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6164 6469 ace in. addi\n-000307b0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6372 7970 tion to the cryp\n-000307c0: 746f 6469 736b 206e 616d 6573 7061 6365 todisk namespace\n-000307d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 ... Support \n-000307e0: 666f 7220 706c 6169 6e20 656e 6372 7970 for plain encryp\n-000307f0: 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 6520 2870 6c61 696e tion mode (plain\n-00030800: 2064 6d2d 6372 7970 7429 2069 7320 7072 dm-crypt) is pr\n-00030810: 6f76 6964 6564 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 ovided via. \n-00030820: 7365 7061 7261 7465 20e2 8098 2a6e 6f74 separate ...*not\n-00030830: 6520 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a3a e280 e plainmount::..\n-00030840: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 . command.....Fi\n-00030850: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00030860: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2c20 204e Node: cutmem, N\n-00030870: 6578 743a 2064 6174 652c 2020 5072 6576 ext: date, Prev\n-00030880: 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 : cryptomount, \n-00030890: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-000308a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-000308b0: 3139 2063 7574 6d65 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 19 cutmem.------\n-000308c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-000308d0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7574 6d65 6d20 6672 mmand: cutmem fr\n-000308e0: 6f6d 5b4b 7c4d 7c47 5d20 746f 5b4b 7c4d om[K|M|G] to[K|M\n-000308f0: 7c47 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 |G]. Remove \n-00030900: 616e 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f any memory regio\n-00030910: 6e73 2069 6e20 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 ns in specified \n-00030920: 7261 6e67 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 range... Thi\n-00030930: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6e6f 7469 6669 s command notifi\n-00030940: 6573 2074 6865 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 es the memory ma\n-00030950: 6e61 6765 7220 7468 6174 2073 7065 6369 nager that speci\n-00030960: 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e73 206f 660a fied regions of.\n-00030970: 2020 2020 2052 414d 206f 7567 6874 2074 RAM ought t\n-00030980: 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 6420 6f75 o be filtered ou\n-00030990: 742e 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d 6169 6e73 t. This remains\n-000309a0: 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 6674 6572 in effect after\n-000309b0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 796c 6f61 6420 a. payload \n-000309c0: 6b65 726e 656c 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 kernel has been \n-000309d0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2c20 loaded by GRUB, \n-000309e0: 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 206c as long as the l\n-000309f0: 6f61 6465 640a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 oaded. kerne\n-00030a00: 6c20 6f62 7461 696e 7320 6974 7320 6d65 l obtains its me\n-00030a10: 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2066 726f 6d20 4752 mory map from GR\n-00030a20: 5542 2e20 4b65 726e 656c 7320 7468 6174 UB. Kernels that\n-00030a30: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 6869 730a 2020 support this. \n-00030a40: 2020 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 204c 696e 7578 include Linux\n-00030a50: 2c20 474e 5520 4d61 6368 2c20 7468 6520 , GNU Mach, the \n-00030a60: 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4672 6565 4253 kernel of FreeBS\n-00030a70: 4420 616e 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a D and Multiboot.\n-00030a80: 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 kernels in \n-00030a90: 6765 6e65 7261 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 general... T\n-00030aa0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7369 he command is si\n-00030ab0: 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 8098 6261 6472 milar to ...badr\n-00030ac0: 616d e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a am... command...\n-00030ad0: 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 Note: The c\n-00030ae0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c ommand is not al\n-00030af0: 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 lowed when lockd\n-00030b00: 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 own is enforced \n-00030b10: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b (*note. Lock\n-00030b20: 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2070 down::). This p\n-00030b30: 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7669 6e67 revents removing\n-00030b40: 2045 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 EFI memory regi\n-00030b50: 6f6e 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 ons to. pote\n-00030b60: 6e74 6961 6c6c 7920 7375 6276 6572 7420 ntially subvert \n-00030b70: 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 206d 6563 the security mec\n-00030b80: 6861 6e69 736d 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 hanisms provided\n-00030b90: 2062 7920 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a20 2020 by the UEFI. \n-00030ba0: 2020 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 742e 0a0a secure boot...\n-00030bb0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00030bc0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 o, Node: date, \n-00030bd0: 204e 6578 743a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 Next: devicetre\n-00030be0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6375 746d 656d e, Prev: cutmem\n-00030bf0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00030c00: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00030c10: 2e34 2e32 3020 6461 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.20 date.-----\n-00030c20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00030c30: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6461 7465 205b 5b79 6561 mand: date [[yea\n-00030c40: 722d 5d6d 6f6e 7468 2d64 6179 5d20 5b68 r-]month-day] [h\n-00030c50: 6f75 723a 6d69 6e75 7465 5b3a 7365 636f our:minute[:seco\n-00030c60: 6e64 5d5d 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e nd]]. With n\n-00030c70: 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 7269 o arguments, pri\n-00030c80: 6e74 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2064 nt the current d\n-00030c90: 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 6d65 2e0a 0a20 ate and time... \n-00030ca0: 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 Otherwise, t\n-00030cb0: 616b 6520 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 ake the current \n-00030cc0: 6461 7465 2061 6e64 2074 696d 652c 2063 date and time, c\n-00030cd0: 6861 6e67 6520 616e 7920 656c 656d 656e hange any elemen\n-00030ce0: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 ts. specifie\n-00030cf0: 6420 6173 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 d as arguments, \n-00030d00: 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 7265 7375 and set the resu\n-00030d10: 6c74 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e65 7720 6461 lt as the new da\n-00030d20: 7465 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7469 6d65 te and. time\n-00030d30: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 . For example, \n-00030d40: 2764 6174 6520 3031 2d30 3127 2077 696c 'date 01-01' wil\n-00030d50: 6c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e l set the curren\n-00030d60: 7420 6d6f 6e74 6820 616e 6420 6461 790a t month and day.\n-00030d70: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 4a61 6e75 6172 7920 to January \n-00030d80: 312c 2062 7574 206c 6561 7665 2074 6865 1, but leave the\n-00030d90: 2079 6561 722c 2068 6f75 722c 206d 696e year, hour, min\n-00030da0: 7574 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6563 6f6e 640a ute, and second.\n-00030db0: 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6861 6e67 6564 2e0a unchanged..\n-00030dc0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00030dd0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6576 6963 fo, Node: devic\n-00030de0: 6574 7265 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6469 etree, Next: di\n-00030df0: 7374 7275 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 strust, Prev: d\n-00030e00: 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ate, Up: Comman\n-00030e10: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00030e20: 0a31 372e 342e 3231 2064 6576 6963 6574 .17.4.21 devicet\n-00030e30: 7265 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ree.------------\n-00030e40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00030e50: 616e 643a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 6520 and: devicetree \n-00030e60: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 file. Load a\n-00030e70: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7472 6565 2062 6c6f device tree blo\n-00030e80: 6220 282e 6474 6229 2066 726f 6d20 6120 b (.dtb) from a \n-00030e90: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 666f 7220 filesystem, for \n-00030ea0: 6c61 7465 7220 7573 6520 6279 0a20 2020 later use by. \n-00030eb0: 2020 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c a Linux kernel\n-00030ec0: 2e20 2044 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7065 7266 . Does not perf\n-00030ed0: 6f72 6d20 6d65 7267 696e 6720 7769 7468 orm merging with\n-00030ee0: 2061 6e79 2064 6576 6963 6520 7472 6565 any device tree\n-00030ef0: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2062 . supplied b\n-00030f00: 7920 6669 726d 7761 7265 2c20 6275 7420 y firmware, but \n-00030f10: 7261 7468 6572 2072 6570 6c61 6365 7320 rather replaces \n-00030f20: 6974 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c 792e 0a0a it completely...\n-00030f30: 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 Note: The c\n-00030f40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c ommand is not al\n-00030f50: 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 lowed when lockd\n-00030f60: 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 own is enforced \n-00030f70: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b (*note. Lock\n-00030f80: 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 down::). This i\n-00030f90: 7320 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 7072 6576 656e s done to preven\n-00030fa0: 7420 7375 6276 6572 7469 6e67 2076 6172 t subverting var\n-00030fb0: 696f 7573 2073 6563 7572 6974 790a 2020 ious security. \n-00030fc0: 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 732e 0a0a mechanisms...\n-00030fd0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00030fe0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6469 7374 7275 o, Node: distru\n-00030ff0: 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 7269 7665 st, Next: drive\n-00031000: 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 7669 map, Prev: devi\n-00031010: 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d cetree, Up: Com\n-00031020: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00031030: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3220 6469 7374 ds..17.4.22 dist\n-00031040: 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rust.-----------\n-00031050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00031060: 6e64 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 2070 7562 nd: distrust pub\n-00031070: 6b65 795f 6964 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f key_id. Remo\n-00031080: 7665 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 5055 ve public key PU\n-00031090: 424b 4559 5f49 4420 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 BKEY_ID from GRU\n-000310a0: 4227 7320 6b65 7972 696e 6720 6f66 2074 B's keyring of t\n-000310b0: 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 732e 0a20 2020 rusted keys.. \n-000310c0: 2020 5055 424b 4559 5f49 4420 6973 2074 PUBKEY_ID is t\n-000310d0: 6865 206c 6173 7420 666f 7572 2062 7974 he last four byt\n-000310e0: 6573 2028 6569 6768 7420 6865 7861 6465 es (eight hexade\n-000310f0: 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 2920 6f66 cimal digits) of\n-00031100: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4750 4720 7634 the. GPG v4\n-00031110: 206b 6579 2069 642c 2077 6869 6368 2069 key id, which i\n-00031120: 7320 616c 736f 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 s also the outpu\n-00031130: 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 t of ...list_tru\n-00031140: 7374 6564 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 sted... (*note. \n-00031150: 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 list_trusted\n-00031160: 3a3a 292e 2020 4f75 7473 6964 6520 6f66 ::). Outside of\n-00031170: 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 206b 6579 2069 GRUB, the key i\n-00031180: 6420 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6274 6169 6e65 d can be obtaine\n-00031190: 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 d using. ...\n-000311a0: 6770 6720 2d2d 6669 6e67 6572 7072 696e gpg --fingerprin\n-000311b0: 74e2 8099 292e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6b65 t...). These ke\n-000311c0: 7973 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2076 ys are used to v\n-000311d0: 616c 6964 6174 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 alidate signatur\n-000311e0: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e 2065 6e76 es. when env\n-000311f0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00031200: 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 e ...check_signa\n-00031210: 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 tures... is set \n-00031220: 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 to ...enforce...\n-00031230: 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 . (*note che\n-00031240: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 ck_signatures::)\n-00031250: 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2073 6f6d 6520 696e , and by some in\n-00031260: 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 vocations of. \n-00031270: 2020 e280 9876 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 ...verify_deta\n-00031280: 6368 6564 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2076 ched... (*note v\n-00031290: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a erify_detached::\n-000312a0: 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 ). *Note Using \n-000312b0: 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6967 digital. sig\n-000312c0: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d natures::, for m\n-000312d0: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore information.\n-000312e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000312f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6472 6976 nfo, Node: driv\n-00031300: 656d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 6368 emap, Next: ech\n-00031310: 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6469 7374 7275 o, Prev: distru\n-00031320: 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 st, Up: Command\n-00031330: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00031340: 3137 2e34 2e32 3320 6472 6976 656d 6170 17.4.23 drivemap\n-00031350: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00031360: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00031370: 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 6c7c 2d72 7c5b drivemap -l|-r|[\n-00031380: 2d73 5d20 6672 6f6d 5f64 7269 7665 2074 -s] from_drive t\n-00031390: 6f5f 6472 6976 650a 2020 2020 2057 6974 o_drive. Wit\n-000313a0: 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 6d61 hout options, ma\n-000313b0: 7020 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 4652 4f4d p the drive FROM\n-000313c0: 5f44 5249 5645 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6472 _DRIVE to the dr\n-000313d0: 6976 6520 544f 5f44 5249 5645 2e0a 2020 ive TO_DRIVE.. \n-000313e0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6563 6573 This is neces\n-000313f0: 7361 7279 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6368 sary when you ch\n-00031400: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 ain-load some op\n-00031410: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c erating systems,\n-00031420: 2073 7563 680a 2020 2020 2061 7320 444f such. as DO\n-00031430: 532c 2069 6620 7375 6368 2061 6e20 4f53 S, if such an OS\n-00031440: 2072 6573 6964 6573 2061 7420 6120 6e6f resides at a no\n-00031450: 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6472 6976 652e 2020 n-first drive. \n-00031460: 466f 720a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 For. conveni\n-00031470: 656e 6365 2c20 616e 7920 7061 7274 6974 ence, any partit\n-00031480: 696f 6e20 7375 6666 6978 206f 6e20 7468 ion suffix on th\n-00031490: 6520 6472 6976 6520 6973 2069 676e 6f72 e drive is ignor\n-000314a0: 6564 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 ed, so you. \n-000314b0: 6361 6e20 7361 6665 6c79 2075 7365 2024 can safely use $\n-000314c0: 7b72 6f6f 747d 2061 7320 6120 6472 6976 {root} as a driv\n-000314d0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e e specification.\n-000314e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 .. With the \n-000314f0: e280 982d 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c ...-s... option,\n-00031500: 2070 6572 666f 726d 2074 6865 2072 6576 perform the rev\n-00031510: 6572 7365 206d 6170 7069 6e67 2061 7320 erse mapping as \n-00031520: 7765 6c6c 2c20 7377 6170 7069 6e67 0a20 well, swapping. \n-00031530: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7477 6f20 6472 6976 the two driv\n-00031540: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 es... With t\n-00031550: 6865 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 9920 6f70 7469 he ...-l... opti\n-00031560: 6f6e 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2063 7572 on, list the cur\n-00031570: 7265 6e74 206d 6170 7069 6e67 732e 0a0a rent mappings...\n-00031580: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 With the ..\n-00031590: 982d 72e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 .-r... option, r\n-000315a0: 6573 6574 2061 6c6c 206d 6170 7069 6e67 eset all mapping\n-000315b0: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 s to the default\n-000315c0: 2076 616c 7565 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 values... F\n-000315d0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 or example:.. \n-000315e0: 2020 2020 2020 2064 7269 7665 6d61 7020 drivemap \n-000315f0: 2d73 2028 6864 3029 2028 6864 3129 0a0a -s (hd0) (hd1)..\n-00031600: 2020 2020 204e 4f54 453a 204f 6e6c 7920 NOTE: Only \n-00031610: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2069 3338 available on i38\n-00031620: 362d 7063 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 6-pc.....File: g\n-00031630: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00031640: 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6566 echo, Next: ef\n-00031650: 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652c 2020 5072 6576 itextmode, Prev\n-00031660: 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 2055 703a : drivemap, Up:\n-00031670: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00031680: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3420 mmands..17.4.24 \n-00031690: 6563 686f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d echo.-----------\n-000316a0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-000316b0: 6563 686f 205b 2d6e 5d20 5b2d 655d 2073 echo [-n] [-e] s\n-000316c0: 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2044 tring .... D\n-000316d0: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2072 6571 7565 isplay the reque\n-000316e0: 7374 6564 2074 6578 7420 616e 642c 2075 sted text and, u\n-000316f0: 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 6520 e280 982d 6ee2 nless the ...-n.\n-00031700: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 .. option is use\n-00031710: 642c 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7472 6169 6c69 d, a. traili\n-00031720: 6e67 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 2020 4966 ng new line. If\n-00031730: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 2074 there is more t\n-00031740: 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 7374 7269 6e67 2c20 han one string, \n-00031750: 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7365 they are. se\n-00031760: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 parated by space\n-00031770: 7320 696e 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 742e s in the output.\n-00031780: 2020 4173 2075 7375 616c 2069 6e20 4752 As usual in GR\n-00031790: 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 0a20 2020 UB commands,. \n-000317a0: 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6d61 7920 variables may \n-000317b0: 6265 2073 7562 7374 6974 7574 6564 2075 be substituted u\n-000317c0: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 247b 7661 727d e280 sing ...${var}..\n-000317d0: 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 .... The ...\n-000317e0: 2d65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2065 6e61 -e... option ena\n-000317f0: 626c 6573 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6174 bles interpretat\n-00031800: 696f 6e20 6f66 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 ion of backslash\n-00031810: 2065 7363 6170 6573 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 escapes. The. \n-00031820: 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7365 following se\n-00031830: 7175 656e 6365 7320 6172 6520 7265 636f quences are reco\n-00031840: 676e 6973 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 gnised:.. ..\n-00031850: 985c 5ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .\\\\.... \n-00031860: 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 0a0a 2020 2020 backslash.. \n-00031870: 20e2 8098 5c61 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ...\\a.... \n-00031880: 2020 2020 616c 6572 7420 2842 454c 290a alert (BEL).\n-00031890: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 63e2 8099 0a20 . ...\\c.... \n-000318a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7570 7072 6573 suppres\n-000318b0: 7320 7472 6169 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 206c s trailing new l\n-000318c0: 696e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 66e2 ine.. ...\\f.\n-000318d0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f72 ... for\n-000318e0: 6d20 6665 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 m feed.. ...\n-000318f0: 5c6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\n.... \n-00031900: 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 new line.. .\n-00031910: 8098 5c72 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..\\r.... \n-00031920: 2020 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 carriage retur\n-00031930: 6e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 74e2 8099 n.. ...\\t...\n-00031940: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6f72 697a . horiz\n-00031950: 6f6e 7461 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 ontal tab.. \n-00031960: e280 985c 76e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ...\\v.... \n-00031970: 2020 2076 6572 7469 6361 6c20 7461 620a vertical tab.\n-00031980: 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2069 6e74 6572 . When inter\n-00031990: 7072 6574 696e 6720 6261 636b 736c 6173 preting backslas\n-000319a0: 6820 6573 6361 7065 732c 2062 6163 6b73 h escapes, backs\n-000319b0: 6c61 7368 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 lash followed by\n-000319c0: 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7220 any. other \n-000319d0: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 7769 6c6c 2070 character will p\n-000319e0: 7269 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6368 6172 6163 rint that charac\n-000319f0: 7465 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ter.....File: gr\n-00031a00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00031a10: 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 efitextmode, Ne\n-00031a20: 7874 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: eval, Prev:\n-00031a30: 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d echo, Up: Comm\n-00031a40: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00031a50: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3235 2065 6669 7465 s..17.4.25 efite\n-00031a60: 7874 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d xtmode.---------\n-00031a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00031a80: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 6669 7465 7874 Command: efitext\n-00031a90: 6d6f 6465 205b 6d69 6e20 7c20 6d61 7820 mode [min | max \n-00031aa0: 7c20 3c6d 6f64 655f 6e75 6d3e 207c 203c | | <\n-00031ab0: 636f 6c73 3e20 3c72 6f77 733e 5d0a 2020 cols> ]. \n-00031ac0: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 6564 2077 6974 When used wit\n-00031ad0: 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2064 h no arguments d\n-00031ae0: 6973 706c 6179 7320 616c 6c20 6176 6169 isplays all avai\n-00031af0: 6c61 626c 6520 7465 7874 206f 7574 7075 lable text outpu\n-00031b00: 740a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2054 t. modes. T\n-00031b10: 6865 2073 6574 206d 6f64 6520 6465 7465 he set mode dete\n-00031b20: 726d 696e 6573 2074 6865 2063 6f6c 756d rmines the colum\n-00031b30: 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2074 ns and rows of t\n-00031b40: 6865 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 2064 6973 he text. dis\n-00031b50: 706c 6179 2077 6865 6e20 696e 2074 6578 play when in tex\n-00031b60: 7420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2041 6e20 6173 7465 t mode. An aste\n-00031b70: 7269 736b 2c20 e280 982a e280 992c 2077 risk, ...*..., w\n-00031b80: 696c 6c20 6265 2061 7420 7468 6520 656e ill be at the en\n-00031b90: 6420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 d of. the li\n-00031ba0: 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e ne of the curren\n-00031bb0: 746c 7920 7365 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 tly set mode... \n-00031bc0: 2020 2020 4966 2067 6976 656e 2061 2073 If given a s\n-00031bd0: 696e 676c 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c ingle parameter,\n-00031be0: 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 e280 986d it must be ...m\n-00031bf0: 696e e280 992c 20e2 8098 6d61 78e2 8099 in..., ...max...\n-00031c00: 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 , or a mode. \n-00031c10: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6769 7665 6e20 6279 number given by\n-00031c20: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2077 6865 the listing whe\n-00031c30: 6e20 7275 6e20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 n run with no ar\n-00031c40: 6775 6d65 6e74 732e 2020 5468 6573 650a guments. These.\n-00031c50: 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 arguments s\n-00031c60: 6574 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 746f 2074 et the mode to t\n-00031c70: 6865 206d 696e 696d 756d 2c20 6d61 7869 he minimum, maxi\n-00031c80: 6d75 6d2c 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 6375 mum, and particu\n-00031c90: 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7265 lar mode. re\n-00031ca0: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 spectively... \n-00031cb0: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 Otherwise, the\n-00031cc0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206d 7573 7420 6265 command must be\n-00031cd0: 2067 6976 656e 2074 776f 206e 756d 6572 given two numer\n-00031ce0: 6963 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 ical arguments. \n-00031cf0: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2074 specifying t\n-00031d00: 6865 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 he columns and r\n-00031d10: 6f77 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6573 6972 ows of the desir\n-00031d20: 6564 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5370 6563 6966 ed mode. Specif\n-00031d30: 7969 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c75 ying a. colu\n-00031d40: 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 2063 6f6d mns and rows com\n-00031d50: 6269 6e61 7469 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 636f bination that co\n-00031d60: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 206e 6f20 rresponds to no \n-00031d70: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 2c0a supported mode,.\n-00031d80: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7265 7475 726e will return\n-00031d90: 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 6275 7420 6f74 6865 error, but othe\n-00031da0: 7277 6973 6520 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 rwise have no ef\n-00031db0: 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 fect... By d\n-00031dc0: 6566 6175 6c74 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c efault GRUB will\n-00031dd0: 2073 7461 7274 2069 6e20 7768 6174 6576 start in whatev\n-00031de0: 6572 206d 6f64 6520 7468 6520 4546 4920 er mode the EFI \n-00031df0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6465 firmware. de\n-00031e00: 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f2e 2020 5468 6572 faults to. Ther\n-00031e10: 6520 6172 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 7320 e are firmwares \n-00031e20: 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2073 6574 2075 7020 known to set up \n-00031e30: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d6f 6465 the default mode\n-00031e40: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 . such that \n-00031e50: 6f75 7470 7574 2062 6568 6176 6573 2073 output behaves s\n-00031e60: 7472 616e 6765 6c79 2c20 666f 7220 6578 trangely, for ex\n-00031e70: 616d 706c 6520 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 ample the cursor\n-00031e80: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2047 5255 in the. GRU\n-00031e90: 4220 7368 656c 6c20 6e65 7665 7220 7265 B shell never re\n-00031ea0: 6163 6865 7320 7468 6520 626f 7474 6f6d aches the bottom\n-00031eb0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 206f of the screen o\n-00031ec0: 722c 2077 6865 6e20 7479 7069 6e67 0a20 r, when typing. \n-00031ed0: 2020 2020 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2061 characters a\n-00031ee0: 7420 7468 6520 7072 6f6d 7074 2c20 6368 t the prompt, ch\n-00031ef0: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2066 726f 6d20 7072 aracters from pr\n-00031f00: 6576 696f 7573 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206f evious command o\n-00031f10: 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 2061 7265 206f utput. are o\n-00031f20: 7665 7277 7269 7474 656e 2e20 2053 6574 verwritten. Set\n-00031f30: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 6d61 ting the mode ma\n-00031f40: 7920 6669 7820 7468 6973 2e0a 0a20 2020 y fix this... \n-00031f50: 2020 5468 6520 4546 4920 7370 6563 6966 The EFI specif\n-00031f60: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7361 7973 2074 6861 ication says tha\n-00031f70: 7420 6d6f 6465 2030 206d 7573 7420 6265 t mode 0 must be\n-00031f80: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2068 available and h\n-00031f90: 6176 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 ave. columns\n-00031fa0: 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2038 3020 and rows of 80 \n-00031fb0: 616e 6420 3235 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 and 25 respectiv\n-00031fc0: 656c 792e 2020 4d6f 6465 2031 206d 6179 ely. Mode 1 may\n-00031fd0: 2062 6520 6465 6669 6e65 640a 2020 2020 be defined. \n-00031fe0: 2061 6e64 2069 6620 736f 206d 7573 7420 and if so must \n-00031ff0: 6861 7665 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 have columns and\n-00032000: 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2038 3020 616e 6420 rows of 80 and \n-00032010: 3530 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 50 respectively.\n-00032020: 0a20 2020 2020 416e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 . Any other \n-00032030: 6d6f 6465 7320 6d61 7920 6861 7665 2063 modes may have c\n-00032040: 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 olumns and rows \n-00032050: 6172 6269 7472 6172 696c 7920 6465 6669 arbitrarily defi\n-00032060: 6e65 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ned by. the \n-00032070: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2054 6869 7320 firmware. This \n-00032080: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2061 206d 6f64 means that a mod\n-00032090: 6520 7769 7468 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 e with columns a\n-000320a0: 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2031 3030 0a20 nd rows of 100. \n-000320b0: 2020 2020 616e 6420 3331 206f 6e20 6f6e and 31 on on\n-000320c0: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 206d 6179 2062 e firmware may b\n-000320d0: 6520 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6d6f e a different mo\n-000320e0: 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f6e 2061 0a20 de number on a. \n-000320f0: 2020 2020 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6669 different fi\n-00032100: 726d 7761 7265 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 6578 rmware or not ex\n-00032110: 6973 7420 6174 2061 6c6c 2e20 204c 696b ist at all. Lik\n-00032120: 6577 6973 652c 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 ewise, mode numb\n-00032130: 6572 2032 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6e65 er 2 on. one\n-00032140: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6d61 7920 6861 firmware may ha\n-00032150: 7665 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206e ve a different n\n-00032160: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 umber of columns\n-00032170: 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 7468 616e 0a20 and rows than. \n-00032180: 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 2032 206f 6e20 6120 mode 2 on a \n-00032190: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6669 726d 7761 different firmwa\n-000321a0: 7265 2e20 2053 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 6f75 re. So one shou\n-000321b0: 6c64 206e 6f74 2072 656c 7920 6f6e 2061 ld not rely on a\n-000321c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 . particular\n-000321d0: 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 7220 mode number or \n-000321e0: 6120 6d6f 6465 206f 6620 6120 6365 7274 a mode of a cert\n-000321f0: 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 636f ain number of co\n-00032200: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2072 lumns and. r\n-00032210: 6f77 7320 6578 6973 7469 6e67 206f 6e20 ows existing on \n-00032220: 616c 6c20 6669 726d 7761 7265 732c 2065 all firmwares, e\n-00032230: 7863 6570 7420 666f 7220 6d6f 6465 2030 xcept for mode 0\n-00032240: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 ... Note: Th\n-00032250: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e is command is on\n-00032260: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 ly available on \n-00032270: 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 616e EFI platforms an\n-00032280: 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7369 6d69 6c61 d is. simila\n-00032290: 7220 746f 2045 4649 2073 6865 6c6c 2022 r to EFI shell \"\n-000322a0: 6d6f 6465 2220 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a mode\" command...\n-000322b0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000322c0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 o, Node: eval, \n-000322d0: 204e 6578 743a 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 Next: export, \n-000322e0: 5072 6576 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 Prev: efitextmod\n-000322f0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n-00032300: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00032310: 372e 342e 3236 2065 7661 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.26 eval.----\n-00032320: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00032330: 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 7661 6c20 7374 7269 mmand: eval stri\n-00032340: 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6e63 ng .... Conc\n-00032350: 6174 656e 6174 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 atenate argument\n-00032360: 7320 746f 6765 7468 6572 2075 7369 6e67 s together using\n-00032370: 2073 696e 676c 6520 7370 6163 6520 6173 single space as\n-00032380: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2061 6e64 0a20 separator and. \n-00032390: 2020 2020 6576 616c 7561 7465 2072 6573 evaluate res\n-000323a0: 756c 7420 6173 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 ult as sequence \n-000323b0: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 of GRUB commands\n-000323c0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000323d0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 7870 info, Node: exp\n-000323e0: 6f72 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6661 6c73 ort, Next: fals\n-000323f0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 e, Prev: eval, \n-00032400: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00032410: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00032420: 2e32 3720 6578 706f 7274 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .27 export.-----\n-00032430: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00032440: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2065 ommand: export e\n-00032450: 6e76 7661 720a 2020 2020 2045 7870 6f72 nvvar. Expor\n-00032460: 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e t the environmen\n-00032470: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 t variable ENVVA\n-00032480: 522e 2020 4578 706f 7274 6564 2076 6172 R. Exported var\n-00032490: 6961 626c 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 iables are. \n-000324a0: 7669 7369 626c 6520 746f 2073 7562 7369 visible to subsi\n-000324b0: 6469 6172 7920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 diary configurat\n-000324c0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 ion files loaded\n-000324d0: 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 using. ...c\n-000324e0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f onfigfile.......\n-000324f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00032500: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 , Node: false, \n-00032510: 204e 6578 743a 2066 7773 6574 7570 2c20 Next: fwsetup, \n-00032520: 2050 7265 763a 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 Prev: export, \n-00032530: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00032540: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00032550: 3238 2066 616c 7365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 28 false.-------\n-00032560: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00032570: 616e 643a 2066 616c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 and: false. \n-00032580: 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 756e 7375 Do nothing, unsu\n-00032590: 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 ccessfully. Thi\n-000325a0: 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 s is mainly usef\n-000325b0: 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 2020 ul in control. \n-000325c0: 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 7320 7375 constructs su\n-000325d0: 6368 2061 7320 e280 9869 66e2 8099 2061 ch as ...if... a\n-000325e0: 6e64 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2028 nd ...while... (\n-000325f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 *note Shell-like\n-00032600: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a scripting::)...\n-00032610: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00032620: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6677 7365 7475 o, Node: fwsetu\n-00032630: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 p, Next: gdbinf\n-00032640: 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6661 6c73 652c o, Prev: false,\n-00032650: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00032660: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00032670: 342e 3239 2066 7773 6574 7570 0a2d 2d2d 4.29 fwsetup.---\n-00032680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00032690: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2066 7773 6574 - Command: fwset\n-000326a0: 7570 205b 2d2d 6973 2d73 7570 706f 7274 up [--is-support\n-000326b0: 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6562 6f6f 7420 ed]. Reboot \n-000326c0: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 into the firmwar\n-000326d0: 6520 7365 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 e setup menu. I\n-000326e0: 6620 e280 982d 2d69 732d 7375 7070 6f72 f ...--is-suppor\n-000326f0: 7465 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 ted... option is\n-00032700: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c . specified,\n-00032710: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2063 6865 636b 2077 instead check w\n-00032720: 6865 7468 6572 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 hether the firmw\n-00032730: 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2061 2073 are supports a s\n-00032740: 6574 7570 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2061 etup menu. a\n-00032750: 6e64 2065 7869 7420 7375 6363 6573 7366 nd exit successf\n-00032760: 756c 6c79 2069 6620 736f 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ully if so.....F\n-00032770: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00032780: 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 Node: gdbinfo, \n-00032790: 204e 6578 743a 2067 6574 7465 7874 2c20 Next: gettext, \n-000327a0: 2050 7265 763a 2066 7773 6574 7570 2c20 Prev: fwsetup, \n-000327b0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-000327c0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-000327d0: 2e33 3020 6764 6269 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d .30 gdbinfo.----\n-000327e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-000327f0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 Command: gdbinf\n-00032800: 6f0a 2020 2020 204f 7574 7075 7420 7465 o. Output te\n-00032810: 7874 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 6173 xt to be used as\n-00032820: 2061 2047 4442 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 a GDB command f\n-00032830: 6f72 2061 2047 4442 2073 6573 7369 6f6e or a GDB session\n-00032840: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 using the. \n-00032850: 6764 625f 6772 7562 2073 6372 6970 7420 gdb_grub script \n-00032860: 616e 6420 6174 7461 6368 6564 2074 6f20 and attached to \n-00032870: 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 a running GRUB i\n-00032880: 6e73 7461 6e63 652e 2020 5468 6520 4744 nstance. The GD\n-00032890: 420a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 B. command t\n-000328a0: 6861 7420 6973 206f 7574 7075 7420 7769 hat is output wi\n-000328b0: 6c6c 2074 656c 6c20 4744 4220 686f 7720 ll tell GDB how \n-000328c0: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6465 6275 6767 696e to load debuggin\n-000328d0: 6720 7379 6d62 6f6c 730a 2020 2020 2074 g symbols. t\n-000328e0: 6f20 7468 6569 7220 7072 6f70 6572 2072 o their proper r\n-000328f0: 756e 7469 6d65 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 untime address. \n-00032900: 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 6869 7320 Currently this \n-00032910: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c is only availabl\n-00032920: 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2045 4649 2070 e. for EFI p\n-00032930: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2053 6565 2074 latforms. See t\n-00032940: 6865 2044 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2069 6e20 he Debugging in \n-00032950: 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 720a 2020 the developer. \n-00032960: 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e documentation\n-00032970: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d for more inform\n-00032980: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ation.....File: \n-00032990: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000329a0: 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 4e65 7874 : gettext, Next\n-000329b0: 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 5072 6576 : gptsync, Prev\n-000329c0: 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 : gdbinfo, Up: \n-000329d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-000329e0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3331 2067 mands..17.4.31 g\n-000329f0: 6574 7465 7874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ettext.---------\n-00032a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00032a10: 616e 643a 2067 6574 7465 7874 2073 7472 and: gettext str\n-00032a20: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 ing. Transla\n-00032a30: 7465 2053 5452 494e 4720 696e 746f 2074 te STRING into t\n-00032a40: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c 616e 6775 he current langu\n-00032a50: 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 age... The c\n-00032a60: 7572 7265 6e74 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 urrent language \n-00032a70: 636f 6465 2069 7320 7374 6f72 6564 2069 code is stored i\n-00032a80: 6e20 7468 6520 e280 986c 616e 67e2 8099 n the ...lang...\n-00032a90: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 696e 0a20 2020 variable in. \n-00032aa0: 2020 4752 5542 2773 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e GRUB's environ\n-00032ab0: 6d65 6e74 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c61 6e67 ment (*note lang\n-00032ac0: 3a3a 292e 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 696f ::). Translatio\n-00032ad0: 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 696e 204d 4f20 666f n files in MO fo\n-00032ae0: 726d 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 7265 rmat. are re\n-00032af0: 6164 2066 726f 6d20 e280 986c 6f63 616c ad from ...local\n-00032b00: 655f 6469 72e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 e_dir... (*note \n-00032b10: 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 3a3a 292c 2075 locale_dir::), u\n-00032b20: 7375 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f sually. .../\n-00032b30: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6c6f 6361 6c65 boot/grub/locale\n-00032b40: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n-00032b50: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00032b60: 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 gptsync, Next: \n-00032b70: 6861 6c74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6574 halt, Prev: get\n-00032b80: 7465 7874 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 text, Up: Comma\n-00032b90: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00032ba0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3220 6770 7473 796e ..17.4.32 gptsyn\n-00032bb0: 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d c.--------------\n-00032bc0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00032bd0: 6770 7473 796e 6320 6465 7669 6365 205b gptsync device [\n-00032be0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e5b 2b2f 2d5b 7479 partition[+/-[ty\n-00032bf0: 7065 5d5d 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2044 pe]]] .... D\n-00032c00: 6973 6b73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2047 isks using the G\n-00032c10: 5549 4420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5461 UID Partition Ta\n-00032c20: 626c 6520 2847 5054 2920 616c 736f 2068 ble (GPT) also h\n-00032c30: 6176 6520 6120 6c65 6761 6379 0a20 2020 ave a legacy. \n-00032c40: 2020 4d61 7374 6572 2042 6f6f 7420 5265 Master Boot Re\n-00032c50: 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 2070 6172 7469 cord (MBR) parti\n-00032c60: 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2063 tion table for c\n-00032c70: 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 ompatibility wit\n-00032c80: 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 h the. BIOS \n-00032c90: 616e 6420 7769 7468 206f 6c64 6572 206f and with older o\n-00032ca0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-00032cb0: 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6567 6163 7920 4d42 . The legacy MB\n-00032cc0: 5220 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 R can only. \n-00032cd0: 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 6120 6c69 6d69 represent a limi\n-00032ce0: 7465 6420 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 4750 ted subset of GP\n-00032cf0: 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 656e 7472 T partition entr\n-00032d00: 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ies... This \n-00032d10: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 706f 7075 6c61 7465 command populate\n-00032d20: 7320 7468 6520 6c65 6761 6379 204d 4252 s the legacy MBR\n-00032d30: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 with the specif\n-00032d40: 6965 6420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e0a 2020 ied PARTITION. \n-00032d50: 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 206f 6e20 4445 entries on DE\n-00032d60: 5649 4345 2e20 2055 7020 746f 2074 6872 VICE. Up to thr\n-00032d70: 6565 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 ee partitions ma\n-00032d80: 7920 6265 2075 7365 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 y be used... \n-00032d90: 2054 5950 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4d42 5220 TYPE is an MBR \n-00032da0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2063 partition type c\n-00032db0: 6f64 653b 2070 7265 6669 7820 7769 7468 ode; prefix with\n-00032dc0: 20e2 8098 3078 e280 9920 6966 2079 6f75 ...0x... if you\n-00032dd0: 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 656e want to. en\n-00032de0: 7465 7220 7468 6973 2069 6e20 6865 7861 ter this in hexa\n-00032df0: 6465 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 7365 decimal. The se\n-00032e00: 7061 7261 746f 7220 6265 7477 6565 6e20 parator between \n-00032e10: 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e20 616e 640a 2020 PARTITION and. \n-00032e20: 2020 2054 5950 4520 6d61 7920 6265 20e2 TYPE may be .\n-00032e30: 8098 2be2 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2074 ..+... to make t\n-00032e40: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2061 6374 he partition act\n-00032e50: 6976 652c 206f 7220 e280 982d e280 9920 ive, or ...-... \n-00032e60: 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a20 2020 2020 to make it. \n-00032e70: 696e 6163 7469 7665 3b20 6f6e 6c79 206f inactive; only o\n-00032e80: 6e65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 ne partition may\n-00032e90: 2062 6520 6163 7469 7665 2e20 2049 6620 be active. If \n-00032ea0: 626f 7468 2074 6865 2073 6570 6172 6174 both the separat\n-00032eb0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7479 7065 or. and type\n-00032ec0: 2061 7265 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 are omitted, th\n-00032ed0: 656e 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e en the partition\n-00032ee0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e61 6374 6976 will be inactiv\n-00032ef0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-00032f00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6861 .info, Node: ha\n-00032f10: 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 6173 6873 lt, Next: hashs\n-00032f20: 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 7074 7379 um, Prev: gptsy\n-00032f30: 6e63 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nc, Up: Command\n-00032f40: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00032f50: 3137 2e34 2e33 3320 6861 6c74 0a2d 2d2d 17.4.33 halt.---\n-00032f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00032f70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6861 6c74 205b 2d2d ommand: halt [--\n-00032f80: 6e6f 2d61 706d 5d0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 no-apm]. The\n-00032f90: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2068 616c 7473 2074 command halts t\n-00032fa0: 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 2020 4f6e he computer. On\n-00032fb0: 2074 6865 2069 3338 362d 7063 2074 6172 the i386-pc tar\n-00032fc0: 6765 742c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 get, the. ..\n-00032fd0: 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6de2 8099 206f 7074 .--no-apm... opt\n-00032fe0: 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 7368 6f72 7420 e280 ion, or short ..\n-00032ff0: 982d 6ee2 8099 2c20 6973 2073 7065 6369 .-n..., is speci\n-00033000: 6669 6564 2c20 6e6f 2041 504d 2042 494f fied, no APM BIO\n-00033010: 5320 6361 6c6c 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 S call is. p\n-00033020: 6572 666f 726d 6564 2e20 204f 7468 6572 erformed. Other\n-00033030: 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 wise, the comput\n-00033040: 6572 2069 7320 7368 7574 2064 6f77 6e20 er is shut down \n-00033050: 7573 696e 6720 4150 4d20 6f6e 2074 6861 using APM on tha\n-00033060: 740a 2020 2020 2074 6172 6765 742e 0a0a t. target...\n-00033070: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00033080: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6861 7368 7375 o, Node: hashsu\n-00033090: 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 m, Next: help, \n-000330a0: 2050 7265 763a 2068 616c 742c 2020 5570 Prev: halt, Up\n-000330b0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-000330c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3334 ommands..17.4.34\n-000330d0: 2068 6173 6873 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d hashsum.-------\n-000330e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-000330f0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 6173 6873 756d 202d mmand: hashsum -\n-00033100: 2d68 6173 6820 6861 7368 202d 2d6b 6565 -hash hash --kee\n-00033110: 702d 676f 696e 6720 2d2d 756e 636f 6d70 p-going --uncomp\n-00033120: 7265 7373 202d 2d63 6865 636b 2066 696c ress --check fil\n-00033130: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d70 e. [--p\n-00033140: 7265 6669 7820 6469 725d 7c66 696c 6520 refix dir]|file \n-00033150: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 .... Compute\n-00033160: 206f 7220 7665 7269 6679 2066 696c 6520 or verify file \n-00033170: 6861 7368 6573 2e20 2048 6173 6820 7479 hashes. Hash ty\n-00033180: 7065 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2077 pe is selected w\n-00033190: 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 ith option. \n-000331a0: e280 982d 2d68 6173 68e2 8099 2e20 2053 ...--hash.... S\n-000331b0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2068 6173 6865 7320 upported hashes \n-000331c0: 6172 653a 20e2 8098 6164 6c65 7233 32e2 are: ...adler32.\n-000331d0: 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3634 e280 992c .., ...crc64...,\n-000331e0: 20e2 8098 6372 6333 32e2 8099 2c0a 2020 ...crc32...,. \n-000331f0: 2020 20e2 8098 6372 6333 3272 6663 3135 ...crc32rfc15\n-00033200: 3130 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 6332 3472 10..., ...crc24r\n-00033210: 6663 3234 3430 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6d64 fc2440..., ...md\n-00033220: 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6435 e280 992c 4..., ...md5...,\n-00033230: 20e2 8098 7269 7065 6d64 3136 30e2 8099 ...ripemd160...\n-00033240: 2c20 e280 9873 6861 31e2 8099 2c0a 2020 , ...sha1...,. \n-00033250: 2020 20e2 8098 7368 6132 3234 e280 992c ...sha224...,\n-00033260: 20e2 8098 7368 6132 3536 e280 992c 20e2 ...sha256..., .\n-00033270: 8098 7368 6135 3132 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ..sha512..., ...\n-00033280: 7368 6133 3834 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7469 sha384..., ...ti\n-00033290: 6765 7231 3932 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7469 ger192..., ...ti\n-000332a0: 6765 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ger...,. ...\n-000332b0: 7469 6765 7232 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 tiger2..., ...wh\n-000332c0: 6972 6c70 6f6f 6ce2 8099 2e20 204f 7074 irlpool.... Opt\n-000332d0: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 ion ...--uncompr\n-000332e0: 6573 73e2 8099 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 ess... uncompres\n-000332f0: 7365 7320 6669 6c65 730a 2020 2020 2062 ses files. b\n-00033300: 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6d70 7574 696e 6720 efore computing \n-00033310: 6861 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e hash... When\n-00033320: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 696c 6573 2069 list of files i\n-00033330: 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2068 6173 6820 6f66 s given, hash of\n-00033340: 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 2069 7320 636f each file is co\n-00033350: 6d70 7574 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 mputed and. \n-00033360: 7072 696e 7465 642c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 printed, followe\n-00033370: 6420 6279 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 d by file name, \n-00033380: 6561 6368 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 2061 206e each file on a n\n-00033390: 6577 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 ew line... W\n-000333a0: 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d hen option ...--\n-000333b0: 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 check... is give\n-000333c0: 6e2c 2069 7420 706f 696e 7473 2074 6f20 n, it points to \n-000333d0: 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 636f 6e74 a file that cont\n-000333e0: 6169 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 206f ains. list o\n-000333f0: 6620 4841 5348 204e 414d 4520 7061 6972 f HASH NAME pair\n-00033400: 7320 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 666f s in the same fo\n-00033410: 726d 6174 2061 7320 7573 6564 2062 7920 rmat as used by \n-00033420: 554e 4958 20e2 8098 6d64 3573 756d e280 UNIX ...md5sum..\n-00033430: 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 .. command. \n-00033440: 204f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d70 7265 Option ...--pre\n-00033450: 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 fix... may be us\n-00033460: 6564 2074 6f20 6769 7665 2064 6972 6563 ed to give direc\n-00033470: 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 0a20 2020 2020 tory where. \n-00033480: 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6c6f 6361 7465 files are locate\n-00033490: 642e 2020 4861 7368 2076 6572 6966 6963 d. Hash verific\n-000334a0: 6174 696f 6e20 7374 6f70 7320 6166 7465 ation stops afte\n-000334b0: 7220 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 r the first. \n-000334c0: 206d 6973 6d61 7463 6820 7761 7320 666f mismatch was fo\n-000334d0: 756e 6420 756e 6c65 7373 206f 7074 696f und unless optio\n-000334e0: 6e20 e280 982d 2d6b 6565 702d 676f 696e n ...--keep-goin\n-000334f0: 67e2 8099 2077 6173 2067 6976 656e 2e20 g... was given. \n-00033500: 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6974 2063 The. exit c\n-00033510: 6f64 6520 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2069 7320 ode ...$?... is \n-00033520: 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 6861 7368 set to 0 if hash\n-00033530: 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6973 verification is\n-00033540: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2e 2020 4966 successful. If\n-00033550: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 . it fails, \n-00033560: e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 ...$?... is set \n-00033570: 746f 2061 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f 2076 616c to a nonzero val\n-00033580: 7565 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ue.....File: gru\n-00033590: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 b.info, Node: h\n-000335a0: 656c 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6865 7864 elp, Next: hexd\n-000335b0: 756d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6861 7368 ump, Prev: hash\n-000335c0: 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e sum, Up: Comman\n-000335d0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-000335e0: 0a31 372e 342e 3335 2068 656c 700a 2d2d .17.4.35 help.--\n-000335f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00033600: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 656c 7020 5b70 Command: help [p\n-00033610: 6174 7465 726e 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 attern ...]. \n-00033620: 2044 6973 706c 6179 2068 656c 7066 756c Display helpful\n-00033630: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f information abo\n-00033640: 7574 2062 7569 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d 6d61 ut builtin comma\n-00033650: 6e64 732e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 nds. If you do \n-00033660: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 not. specify\n-00033670: 2050 4154 5445 524e 2c20 7468 6973 2063 PATTERN, this c\n-00033680: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 686f 7773 2073 686f ommand shows sho\n-00033690: 7274 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 7320 rt descriptions \n-000336a0: 6f66 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 of all. avai\n-000336b0: 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a lable commands..\n-000336c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 . If you spe\n-000336d0: 6369 6679 2061 6e79 2050 4154 5445 524e cify any PATTERN\n-000336e0: 532c 2069 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7973 206c S, it displays l\n-000336f0: 6f6e 6765 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f onger informatio\n-00033700: 6e20 6162 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2065 6163 n about. eac\n-00033710: 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 h of the command\n-00033720: 7320 7768 6f73 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6265 s whose names be\n-00033730: 6769 6e20 7769 7468 2074 686f 7365 2050 gin with those P\n-00033740: 4154 5445 524e 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ATTERNS.....File\n-00033750: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00033760: 6465 3a20 6865 7864 756d 702c 2020 4e65 de: hexdump, Ne\n-00033770: 7874 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 xt: insmod, Pre\n-00033780: 763a 2068 656c 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: help, Up: Co\n-00033790: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-000337a0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3336 2068 6578 nds..17.4.36 hex\n-000337b0: 6475 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dump.-----------\n-000337c0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-000337d0: 643a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 205b 2d2d 736b d: hexdump [--sk\n-000337e0: 6970 206f 6666 7365 745d 205b 2d2d 6c65 ip offset] [--le\n-000337f0: 6e67 7468 206c 656e 5d20 4649 4c45 5f4f ngth len] FILE_O\n-00033800: 525f 4445 5649 4345 0a20 2020 2020 5368 R_DEVICE. Sh\n-00033810: 6f77 2072 6177 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 ow raw contents \n-00033820: 6f66 2061 2066 696c 6520 6f72 206d 656d of a file or mem\n-00033830: 6f72 792e 2020 5768 656e 206f 7074 696f ory. When optio\n-00033840: 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 70e2 8099 2069 n ...--skip... i\n-00033850: 730a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 e280 s. given, ..\n-00033860: 986f 6666 7365 74e2 8099 206e 756d 6265 .offset... numbe\n-00033870: 7220 6f66 2062 7974 6573 2061 7265 2073 r of bytes are s\n-00033880: 6b69 7070 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 kipped from the \n-00033890: 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 start of the. \n-000338a0: 2020 6465 7669 6365 206f 7220 6669 6c65 device or file\n-000338b0: 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2041 6e64 20e2 8098 given. And ...\n-000338c0: 2d2d 6c65 6e67 7468 e280 9920 616c 6c6f --length... allo\n-000338d0: 7773 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6120 ws specifying a \n-000338e0: 6d61 7869 6d75 6d0a 2020 2020 206e 756d maximum. num\n-000338f0: 6265 7220 6f66 2062 7974 6573 2074 6f20 ber of bytes to \n-00033900: 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 be shown... \n-00033910: 4966 2067 6976 656e 2074 6865 2073 7065 If given the spe\n-00033920: 6369 616c 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 cial device name\n-00033930: 6420 e280 9828 6d65 6d29 e280 992c 2074 d ...(mem)..., t\n-00033940: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 e280 986f 6666 7365 hen the ...offse\n-00033950: 74e2 8099 2067 6976 656e 0a20 2020 2020 t... given. \n-00033960: 746f 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 e280 9920 to ...--skip... \n-00033970: 6973 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 7468 is treated as th\n-00033980: 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2061 206d e address of a m\n-00033990: 656d 6f72 7920 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 emory location t\n-000339a0: 6f20 6475 6d70 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6f6d o dump. from\n-000339b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000339c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 6e73 info, Node: ins\n-000339d0: 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6b65 7973 mod, Next: keys\n-000339e0: 7461 7475 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6865 tatus, Prev: he\n-000339f0: 7864 756d 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d xdump, Up: Comm\n-00033a00: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00033a10: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3337 2069 6e73 6d6f s..17.4.37 insmo\n-00033a20: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n-00033a30: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 .. -- Command: i\n-00033a40: 6e73 6d6f 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a20 2020 nsmod module. \n-00033a50: 2020 496e 7365 7274 2074 6865 2064 796e Insert the dyn\n-00033a60: 616d 6963 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 amic GRUB module\n-00033a70: 2063 616c 6c65 6420 4d4f 4455 4c45 2e0a called MODULE..\n-00033a80: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00033a90: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206b 6579 7374 fo, Node: keyst\n-00033aa0: 6174 7573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6973 atus, Next: lis\n-00033ab0: 745f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e t_env, Prev: in\n-00033ac0: 736d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 smod, Up: Comma\n-00033ad0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00033ae0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3820 6b65 7973 7461 ..17.4.38 keysta\n-00033af0: 7475 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tus.------------\n-00033b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00033b10: 6e64 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 7320 5b2d nd: keystatus [-\n-00033b20: 2d73 6869 6674 5d20 5b2d 2d63 7472 6c5d -shift] [--ctrl]\n-00033b30: 205b 2d2d 616c 745d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 [--alt]. Re\n-00033b40: 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 turn true if the\n-00033b50: 2053 6869 6674 2c20 436f 6e74 726f 6c2c Shift, Control,\n-00033b60: 206f 7220 416c 7420 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 or Alt modifier\n-00033b70: 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 6865 6c64 0a20 keys are held. \n-00033b80: 2020 2020 646f 776e 2c20 6173 2072 6571 down, as req\n-00033b90: 7565 7374 6564 2062 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e uested by option\n-00033ba0: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7573 6566 s. This is usef\n-00033bb0: 756c 2069 6e20 7363 7269 7074 696e 672c ul in scripting,\n-00033bc0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 2073 to. allow s\n-00033bd0: 6f6d 6520 7573 6572 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c ome user control\n-00033be0: 206f 7665 7220 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 over behaviour \n-00033bf0: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6861 7669 6e67 2074 without having t\n-00033c00: 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2061 0a20 2020 o wait for a. \n-00033c10: 2020 6b65 7970 7265 7373 2e0a 0a20 2020 keypress... \n-00033c20: 2020 4368 6563 6b69 6e67 206b 6579 206d Checking key m\n-00033c30: 6f64 6966 6965 7220 7374 6174 7573 2069 odifier status i\n-00033c40: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 s only supported\n-00033c50: 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 on some platfor\n-00033c60: 6d73 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 696e 766f ms.. If invo\n-00033c70: 6b65 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 616e 7920 ked without any \n-00033c80: 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 options, the ...\n-00033c90: 6b65 7973 7461 7475 73e2 8099 2063 6f6d keystatus... com\n-00033ca0: 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 0a20 2020 mand returns. \n-00033cb0: 2020 7472 7565 2069 6620 616e 6420 6f6e true if and on\n-00033cc0: 6c79 2069 6620 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 206b ly if checking k\n-00033cd0: 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 7374 6174 ey modifier stat\n-00033ce0: 7573 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e us is supported.\n-00033cf0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00033d00: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 nfo, Node: list\n-00033d10: 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6973 _env, Next: lis\n-00033d20: 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 5072 6576 t_trusted, Prev\n-00033d30: 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 5570 : keystatus, Up\n-00033d40: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00033d50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3339 ommands..17.4.39\n-00033d60: 206c 6973 745f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d list_env.------\n-00033d70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00033d80: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6973 745f 656e Command: list_en\n-00033d90: 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 5d0a v [--file file].\n-00033da0: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 7661 List all va\n-00033db0: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2065 riables in the e\n-00033dc0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n-00033dd0: 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 file. *Note. \n-00033de0: 2020 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 Environment b\n-00033df0: 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 lock::... Th\n-00033e00: 6520 e280 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 206f e ...--file... o\n-00033e10: 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 ption overrides \n-00033e20: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 the default loca\n-00033e30: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 tion of the. \n-00033e40: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-00033e50: 636b 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ck.....File: gru\n-00033e60: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n-00033e70: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 4e65 ist_trusted, Ne\n-00033e80: 7874 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 xt: load_env, P\n-00033e90: 7265 763a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 rev: list_env, \n-00033ea0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00033eb0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00033ec0: 3430 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 640a 40 list_trusted.\n-00033ed0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00033ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00033ef0: 643a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 640a d: list_trusted.\n-00033f00: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 7075 List all pu\n-00033f10: 626c 6963 206b 6579 7320 7472 7573 7465 blic keys truste\n-00033f20: 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 666f 7220 7661 d by GRUB for va\n-00033f30: 6c69 6461 7469 6e67 2073 6967 6e61 7475 lidating signatu\n-00033f40: 7265 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f75 res.. The ou\n-00033f50: 7470 7574 2069 7320 696e 2047 5047 2773 tput is in GPG's\n-00033f60: 2076 3420 6b65 7920 6669 6e67 6572 7072 v4 key fingerpr\n-00033f70: 696e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2028 692e 652e int format (i.e.\n-00033f80: 2c20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 , the output. \n-00033f90: 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6770 6720 2d2d 6669 of ...gpg --fi\n-00033fa0: 6e67 6572 7072 696e 74e2 8099 292e 2020 ngerprint...). \n-00033fb0: 5468 6520 6c65 6173 7420 7369 676e 6966 The least signif\n-00033fc0: 6963 616e 7420 666f 7572 2062 7974 6573 icant four bytes\n-00033fd0: 2028 6c61 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6569 6768 (last. eigh\n-00033fe0: 7420 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 t hexadecimal di\n-00033ff0: 6769 7473 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 gits) can be use\n-00034000: 6420 6173 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 d as an argument\n-00034010: 2074 6f20 e280 9864 6973 7472 7573 74e2 to ...distrust.\n-00034020: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2064 ... (*note d\n-00034030: 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2e20 202a 4e6f istrust::). *No\n-00034040: 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c te Using digital\n-00034050: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 signatures::, f\n-00034060: 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 or more. inf\n-00034070: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2075 ormation about u\n-00034080: 7365 7320 666f 7220 7468 6573 6520 6b65 ses for these ke\n-00034090: 7973 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ys.....File: gru\n-000340a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n-000340b0: 6f61 645f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 oad_env, Next: \n-000340c0: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a loadfont, Prev:\n-000340d0: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 list_trusted, \n-000340e0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-000340f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00034100: 3431 206c 6f61 645f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 41 load_env.----\n-00034110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00034120: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6f61 645f - Command: load_\n-00034130: 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 env [--file file\n-00034140: 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d 0a20 ] [--skip-sig]. \n-00034150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 7768 6974 656c [whitel\n-00034160: 6973 7465 645f 7661 7269 6162 6c65 5f6e isted_variable_n\n-00034170: 616d 655d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f ame] .... Lo\n-00034180: 6164 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 ad all variables\n-00034190: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f from the enviro\n-000341a0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 nment block file\n-000341b0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 into the. e\n-000341c0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 202a 4e6f nvironment. *No\n-000341d0: 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 te Environment b\n-000341e0: 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 lock::... Th\n-000341f0: 6520 e280 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 206f e ...--file... o\n-00034200: 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 ption overrides \n-00034210: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 the default loca\n-00034220: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 tion of the. \n-00034230: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-00034240: 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 ck... The ..\n-00034250: 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f .--skip-sig... o\n-00034260: 7074 696f 6e20 736b 6970 7320 7369 676e ption skips sign\n-00034270: 6174 7572 6520 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2065 ature checking e\n-00034280: 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ven when the. \n-00034290: 2020 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 value of envir\n-000342a0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-000342b0: e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 ...check_signatu\n-000342c0: 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f res... is set to\n-000342d0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 . ...enforce\n-000342e0: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b ... (*note check\n-000342f0: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 2e0a _signatures::)..\n-00034300: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206f 6e65 206f 7220 . If one or \n-00034310: 6d6f 7265 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 more variable na\n-00034320: 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 mes are provided\n-00034330: 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2074 as arguments, t\n-00034340: 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 hey are. int\n-00034350: 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 6120 7768 erpreted as a wh\n-00034360: 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2076 6172 6961 itelist of varia\n-00034370: 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2066 726f bles to load fro\n-00034380: 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 m the. envir\n-00034390: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c onment block fil\n-000343a0: 652e 2020 5661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7365 e. Variables se\n-000343b0: 7420 696e 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6275 t in the file bu\n-000343c0: 7420 6e6f 7420 7072 6573 656e 740a 2020 t not present. \n-000343d0: 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7768 6974 656c in the whitel\n-000343e0: 6973 7420 6172 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e ist are ignored.\n-000343f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d .. The ...--\n-00034400: 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 skip-sig... opti\n-00034410: 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7365 on should be use\n-00034420: 6420 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c 2061 6e64 d with care, and\n-00034430: 2073 686f 756c 6420 616c 7761 7973 0a20 should always. \n-00034440: 2020 2020 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2063 be used in c\n-00034450: 6f6e 6365 7274 2077 6974 6820 6120 7768 oncert with a wh\n-00034460: 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6363 6570 itelist of accep\n-00034470: 7461 626c 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 table variables \n-00034480: 7768 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 whose. value\n-00034490: 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7365 742e s should be set.\n-000344a0: 2020 4661 696c 7572 6520 746f 2065 6d70 Failure to emp\n-000344b0: 6c6f 7920 6120 6361 7265 6675 6c6c 7920 loy a carefully \n-000344c0: 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 640a 2020 2020 constructed. \n-000344d0: 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 6c64 whitelist could\n-000344e0: 2072 6573 756c 7420 696e 2072 6561 6469 result in readi\n-000344f0: 6e67 2061 206d 616c 6963 696f 7573 2076 ng a malicious v\n-00034500: 616c 7565 2069 6e74 6f20 6372 6974 6963 alue into critic\n-00034510: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d al. environm\n-00034520: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 ent variables fr\n-00034530: 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 696c 652c 2073 7563 om the file, suc\n-00034540: 6820 6173 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a20 2020 h as setting. \n-00034550: 2020 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 ...check_signa\n-00034560: 7475 7265 733d 6e6f e280 992c 206d 6f64 tures=no..., mod\n-00034570: 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 ifying ...prefix\n-00034580: e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d ... to boot from\n-00034590: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e65 7870 6563 an. unexpec\n-000345a0: 7465 6420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 ted location or \n-000345b0: 6e6f 7420 6174 2061 6c6c 2c20 6574 632e not at all, etc.\n-000345c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 6564 .. When used\n-000345d0: 2077 6974 6820 6361 7265 2c20 e280 982d with care, ...-\n-000345e0: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 -skip-sig... and\n-000345f0: 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2065 the whitelist e\n-00034600: 6e61 626c 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6164 nable an. ad\n-00034610: 6d69 6e69 7374 7261 746f 7220 746f 2063 ministrator to c\n-00034620: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 2073 7973 7465 onfigure a syste\n-00034630: 6d20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6f6e 6c79 2073 m to boot only s\n-00034640: 6967 6e65 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 igned. confi\n-00034650: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2062 7574 2074 gurations, but t\n-00034660: 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 7573 6572 o allow the user\n-00034670: 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2066 726f 6d20 to select from \n-00034680: 616d 6f6e 6720 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 0a20 among multiple. \n-00034690: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f configuratio\n-000346a0: 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 746f 2065 6e61 626c ns, and to enabl\n-000346b0: 6520 226f 6e65 2d73 686f 7422 2062 6f6f e \"one-shot\" boo\n-000346c0: 7420 6174 7465 6d70 7473 2061 6e64 0a20 t attempts and. \n-000346d0: 2020 2020 2273 6176 6564 6566 6175 6c74 \"savedefault\n-000346e0: 2220 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2e20 202a 4e6f \" behavior. *No\n-000346f0: 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c te Using digital\n-00034700: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 signatures::, f\n-00034710: 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 or more. inf\n-00034720: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormation.....Fil\n-00034730: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00034740: 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 ode: loadfont, \n-00034750: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 Next: loopback, \n-00034760: 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762c Prev: load_env,\n-00034770: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00034780: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00034790: 342e 3432 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 740a 2d2d 4.42 loadfont.--\n-000347a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-000347b0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6f61 -- Command: loa\n-000347c0: 6466 6f6e 7420 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 dfont file .... \n-000347d0: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2073 7065 6369 6669 Load specifi\n-000347e0: 6564 2066 6f6e 7420 6669 6c65 732e 2020 ed font files. \n-000347f0: 556e 6c65 7373 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 Unless absolute \n-00034800: 7061 7468 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6769 7665 pathname is give\n-00034810: 6e2c 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2069 7320 n, FILE. is \n-00034820: 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 696e assumed to be in\n-00034830: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 20e2 8098 2470 directory ...$p\n-00034840: 7265 6669 782f 666f 6e74 73e2 8099 2077 refix/fonts... w\n-00034850: 6974 6820 7375 6666 6978 20e2 8098 2e70 ith suffix ....p\n-00034860: 6632 e280 990a 2020 2020 2061 7070 656e f2.... appen\n-00034870: 6465 642e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 466f 6e74 ded. *Note Font\n-00034880: 733a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f s: Theme file fo\n-00034890: 726d 6174 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rmat.....File: g\n-000348a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000348b0: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 loopback, Next\n-000348c0: 3a20 6c73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f61 : ls, Prev: loa\n-000348d0: 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d dfont, Up: Comm\n-000348e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-000348f0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3433 206c 6f6f 7062 s..17.4.43 loopb\n-00034900: 6163 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ack.------------\n-00034910: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00034920: 643a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 5b2d 645d d: loopback [-d]\n-00034930: 205b 2d44 5d20 6465 7669 6365 2066 696c [-D] device fil\n-00034940: 650a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 7468 6520 e. Make the \n-00034950: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6564 2044 4556 device named DEV\n-00034960: 4943 4520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 2074 ICE correspond t\n-00034970: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f o the contents o\n-00034980: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 f the. files\n-00034990: 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6520 696e 2046 ystem image in F\n-000349a0: 494c 452e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c ILE. For exampl\n-000349b0: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f e:.. lo\n-000349c0: 6f70 6261 636b 206c 6f6f 7030 202f 7061 opback loop0 /pa\n-000349d0: 7468 2f74 6f2f 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 th/to/image. \n-000349e0: 2020 2020 2020 6c73 2028 6c6f 6f70 3029 ls (loop0)\n-000349f0: 2f0a 0a20 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 7969 /.. Specifyi\n-00034a00: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d44 e280 9920 ng the ...-D... \n-00034a10: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7468 option allows th\n-00034a20: 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2066 696c 6520 e loopback file \n-00034a30: 746f 2062 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e70 to be. tranp\n-00034a40: 6172 656e 746c 7920 6465 636f 6d70 7265 arently decompre\n-00034a50: 7373 6564 2069 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 ssed if there is\n-00034a60: 2061 6e20 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 an appropriate \n-00034a70: 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 0a20 2020 decompressor. \n-00034a80: 2020 6c6f 6164 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 loaded... \n-00034a90: 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 With the ...-d..\n-00034aa0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6465 6c65 7465 . option, delete\n-00034ab0: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 7072 6576 696f a device previo\n-00034ac0: 7573 6c79 2063 7265 6174 6564 2075 7369 usly created usi\n-00034ad0: 6e67 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d ng this. com\n-00034ae0: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 mand.....File: g\n-00034af0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00034b00: 206c 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c73 666f ls, Next: lsfo\n-00034b10: 6e74 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6f70 nts, Prev: loop\n-00034b20: 6261 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 back, Up: Comma\n-00034b30: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00034b40: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3420 6c73 0a2d 2d2d ..17.4.44 ls.---\n-00034b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00034b60: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 205b 6172 6720 2e2e mand: ls [arg ..\n-00034b70: 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2064 6576 .]. List dev\n-00034b80: 6963 6573 206f 7220 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a ices or files...\n-00034b90: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 With no arg\n-00034ba0: 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 616c uments, print al\n-00034bb0: 6c20 6465 7669 6365 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 l devices known \n-00034bc0: 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 to GRUB... I\n-00034bd0: 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 f the argument i\n-00034be0: 7320 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 s a device name \n-00034bf0: 656e 636c 6f73 6564 2069 6e20 7061 7265 enclosed in pare\n-00034c00: 6e74 6865 7365 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 ntheses (*note. \n-00034c10: 2020 2020 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 Device synta\n-00034c20: 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7269 6e74 x::), then print\n-00034c30: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the name of the\n-00034c40: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6f66 2074 filesystem of t\n-00034c50: 6861 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e hat. device.\n-00034c60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 .. If the ar\n-00034c70: 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6469 7265 gument is a dire\n-00034c80: 6374 6f72 7920 6769 7665 6e20 6173 2061 ctory given as a\n-00034c90: 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 n absolute file \n-00034ca0: 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 name. (*note\n-00034cb0: 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 File name synta\n-00034cc0: 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6973 7420 x::), then list \n-00034cd0: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 the contents of \n-00034ce0: 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 that. direct\n-00034cf0: 6f72 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ory.....File: gr\n-00034d00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00034d10: 6c73 666f 6e74 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 lsfonts, Next: \n-00034d20: 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 lsmod, Prev: ls\n-00034d30: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00034d40: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00034d50: 2e34 2e34 3520 6c73 666f 6e74 730a 2d2d .4.45 lsfonts.--\n-00034d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00034d70: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 666f -- Command: lsfo\n-00034d80: 6e74 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6c6f nts. List lo\n-00034d90: 6164 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 aded fonts.....F\n-00034da0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00034db0: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 204e Node: lsmod, N\n-00034dc0: 6578 743a 206d 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 ext: md5sum, Pr\n-00034dd0: 6576 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 732c 2020 5570 ev: lsfonts, Up\n-00034de0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00034df0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3436 ommands..17.4.46\n-00034e00: 206c 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lsmod.---------\n-00034e10: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00034e20: 643a 206c 736d 6f64 0a20 2020 2020 5368 d: lsmod. Sh\n-00034e30: 6f77 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 ow list of loade\n-00034e40: 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 d modules.....Fi\n-00034e50: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00034e60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 204e Node: md5sum, N\n-00034e70: 6578 743a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5072 ext: module, Pr\n-00034e80: 6576 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: lsmod, Up: \n-00034e90: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00034ea0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3437 206d mands..17.4.47 m\n-00034eb0: 6435 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d5sum.----------\n-00034ec0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00034ed0: 643a 206d 6435 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e d: md5sum arg ..\n-00034ee0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 .. Alias for\n-00034ef0: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 ...hashsum --ha\n-00034f00: 7368 206d 6435 2061 7267 202e 2e2e e280 sh md5 arg .....\n-00034f10: 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 .. See command \n-00034f20: e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 990a 2020 ...hashsum.... \n-00034f30: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 7375 (*note hashsu\n-00034f40: 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 6465 m::) for full de\n-00034f50: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 scription.....Fi\n-00034f60: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00034f70: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 204e Node: module, N\n-00034f80: 6578 743a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 ext: multiboot, \n-00034f90: 2050 7265 763a 206d 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 Prev: md5sum, \n-00034fa0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00034fb0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00034fc0: 3438 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 48 module.------\n-00034fd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00034fe0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d mmand: module [-\n-00034ff0: 2d6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 205b -nounzip] file [\n-00035000: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 2020 arguments]. \n-00035010: 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f Load a module fo\n-00035020: 7220 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e r multiboot kern\n-00035030: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2072 el image. The r\n-00035040: 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 est of the line \n-00035050: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 is. passed v\n-00035060: 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 206d erbatim as the m\n-00035070: 6f64 756c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 odule command li\n-00035080: 6e65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ne.....File: gru\n-00035090: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d b.info, Node: m\n-000350a0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a ultiboot, Next:\n-000350b0: 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 5072 nativedisk, Pr\n-000350c0: 6576 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2055 703a ev: module, Up:\n-000350d0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-000350e0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3920 mmands..17.4.49 \n-000350f0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d multiboot.------\n-00035100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00035110: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 Command: multib\n-00035120: 6f6f 7420 5b2d 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 6164 oot [--quirk-bad\n-00035130: 2d6b 6c75 6467 655d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 -kludge]. \n-00035140: 2020 205b 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d 6d6f 6475 [--quirk-modu\n-00035150: 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d 6b65 726e 656c les-after-kernel\n-00035160: 5d20 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 ] file .... \n-00035170: 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 Load a multiboot\n-00035180: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 kernel image fr\n-00035190: 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 om FILE. The re\n-000351a0: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 st of the line i\n-000351b0: 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 s. passed ve\n-000351c0: 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 rbatim as the ..\n-000351d0: 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d .kernel command-\n-000351e0: 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 6d6f line.... Any mo\n-000351f0: 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 dule must be. \n-00035200: 2020 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 reloaded after\n-00035210: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d using this comm\n-00035220: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d 6f64 756c and (*note modul\n-00035230: 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 536f 6d65 e::)... Some\n-00035240: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2068 6176 6520 6b6e kernels have kn\n-00035250: 6f77 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2e20 2059 own problems. Y\n-00035260: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 ou need to speci\n-00035270: 6679 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 2a20 666f 720a fy -quirk-* for.\n-00035280: 2020 2020 2074 686f 7365 2e20 202d 7175 those. -qu\n-00035290: 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 6765 2069 irk-bad-kludge i\n-000352a0: 7320 6120 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 7365 656e s a problem seen\n-000352b0: 2069 6e20 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7072 6f64 in several prod\n-000352c0: 7563 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2074 ucts. that t\n-000352d0: 6865 7920 696e 636c 7564 6520 6c6f 6164 hey include load\n-000352e0: 696e 6720 6b6c 7564 6765 2069 6e66 6f72 ing kludge infor\n-000352f0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 696e 7661 mation with inva\n-00035300: 6c69 6420 6461 7461 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 lid data in. \n-00035310: 2045 4c46 2066 696c 652e 2020 4752 5542 ELF file. GRUB\n-00035320: 2070 7269 6f72 2074 6f20 302e 3937 2061 prior to 0.97 a\n-00035330: 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6375 7374 6f6d 2062 nd some custom b\n-00035340: 7569 6c64 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 uilds preferred \n-00035350: 454c 460a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 ELF. informa\n-00035360: 7469 6f6e 2077 6869 6c65 2030 2e39 3720 tion while 0.97 \n-00035370: 616e 6420 4752 5542 2032 2075 7365 206b and GRUB 2 use k\n-00035380: 6c75 6467 652e 2020 5573 6520 7468 6973 ludge. Use this\n-00035390: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 option to. \n-000353a0: 6967 6e6f 7265 206b 6c75 6467 652e 2020 ignore kludge. \n-000353b0: 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6665 6374 6564 2073 Known affected s\n-000353c0: 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 6f6c 6420 536f 6c61 ystems: old Sola\n-000353d0: 7269 732c 2053 6b79 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 ris, SkyOS... \n-000353e0: 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 -quirk-modules\n-000353f0: 2d61 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 -after-kernel is\n-00035400: 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 6b65 726e needed for kern\n-00035410: 656c 7320 7768 6963 6820 6c6f 6164 2061 els which load a\n-00035420: 740a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6174 6976 656c t. relativel\n-00035430: 7920 6869 6768 2061 6464 7265 7373 2065 y high address e\n-00035440: 2e67 2e20 2031 364d 6942 206d 6172 6b20 .g. 16MiB mark \n-00035450: 616e 6420 6361 6e27 7420 636f 7065 2077 and can't cope w\n-00035460: 6974 680a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 756c 6573 ith. modules\n-00035470: 2073 7475 6666 6564 2062 6574 7765 656e stuffed between\n-00035480: 2031 4d69 4220 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2062 1MiB mark and b\n-00035490: 6567 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 eginning of the \n-000354a0: 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 2020 204b 6e6f kernel.. Kno\n-000354b0: 776e 2061 6666 7465 6374 6564 2073 7973 wn afftected sys\n-000354c0: 7465 6d73 3a20 564d 5761 7265 2e0a 0a1f tems: VMWare....\n-000354d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000354e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6174 6976 6564 , Node: natived\n-000354f0: 6973 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e6f 726d isk, Next: norm\n-00035500: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 756c 7469 al, Prev: multi\n-00035510: 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 boot, Up: Comma\n-00035520: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00035530: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3020 6e61 7469 7665 ..17.4.50 native\n-00035540: 6469 736b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d disk.-----------\n-00035550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00035560: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b mand: nativedisk\n-00035570: 0a20 2020 2020 5377 6974 6368 2066 726f . Switch fro\n-00035580: 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6973 6b20 m firmware disk \n-00035590: 6472 6976 6572 7320 746f 206e 6174 6976 drivers to nativ\n-000355a0: 6520 6f6e 6573 2e20 2052 6561 6c6c 7920 e ones. Really \n-000355b0: 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 useful. only\n-000355c0: 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7768 on platforms wh\n-000355d0: 6572 6520 626f 7468 2066 6972 6d77 6172 ere both firmwar\n-000355e0: 6520 616e 6420 6e61 7469 7665 2064 6973 e and native dis\n-000355f0: 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 k drives are. \n-00035600: 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 4375 available. Cu\n-00035610: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6933 3836 2d70 632c rrently i386-pc,\n-00035620: 2069 3338 362d 6566 692c 2069 3338 362d i386-efi, i386-\n-00035630: 6965 6565 3132 3735 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 ieee1275 and. \n-00035640: 2020 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 2e0a 0a1f x86_64-efi....\n-00035650: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00035660: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c , Node: normal,\n-00035670: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 Next: normal_e\n-00035680: 7869 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e61 7469 xit, Prev: nati\n-00035690: 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d vedisk, Up: Com\n-000356a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000356b0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3120 6e6f 726d ds..17.4.51 norm\n-000356c0: 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al.-------------\n-000356d0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-000356e0: 6e6f 726d 616c 205b 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 normal [file]. \n-000356f0: 2020 2045 6e74 6572 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 Enter normal \n-00035700: 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 2064 6973 706c 6179 mode and display\n-00035710: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6d65 6e75 2e0a the GRUB menu..\n-00035720: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 . In normal \n-00035730: 6d6f 6465 2c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 mode, commands, \n-00035740: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f64 756c filesystem modul\n-00035750: 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6372 7970 746f 6772 es, and cryptogr\n-00035760: 6170 6879 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 aphy. module\n-00035770: 7320 6172 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 s are automatica\n-00035780: 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 616e 6420 lly loaded, and \n-00035790: 7468 6520 6675 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 7363 the full GRUB sc\n-000357a0: 7269 7074 2070 6172 7365 720a 2020 2020 ript parser. \n-000357b0: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 is available. \n-000357c0: 4f74 6865 7220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6d61 Other modules ma\n-000357d0: 7920 6265 2065 7870 6c69 6369 746c 7920 y be explicitly \n-000357e0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 loaded using. \n-000357f0: 2020 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2028 ...insmod... (\n-00035800: 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 292e *note insmod::).\n-00035810: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6120 4649 4c45 .. If a FILE\n-00035820: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 6e20 is given, then \n-00035830: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 commands will be\n-00035840: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6861 7420 read from that \n-00035850: 6669 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 file.. Other\n-00035860: 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 wise, they will \n-00035870: 6265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 be read from ...\n-00035880: 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 $prefix/grub.cfg\n-00035890: e280 9920 6966 2069 7420 6578 6973 7473 ... if it exists\n-000358a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 ... ...norma\n-000358b0: 6ce2 8099 206d 6179 2062 6520 6361 6c6c l... may be call\n-000358c0: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e 206e ed from within n\n-000358d0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2c20 6372 6561 ormal mode, crea\n-000358e0: 7469 6e67 2061 206e 6573 7465 640a 2020 ting a nested. \n-000358f0: 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 environment. \n-00035900: 2049 7420 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7573 7561 It is more usua\n-00035910: 6c20 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 l to use ...conf\n-00035920: 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 igfile... (*note\n-00035930: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 . configfile\n-00035940: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 7468 6973 2e0a 0a1f ::) for this....\n-00035950: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00035960: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f , Node: normal_\n-00035970: 6578 6974 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6172 exit, Next: par\n-00035980: 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e6f ttool, Prev: no\n-00035990: 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 rmal, Up: Comma\n-000359a0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-000359b0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3220 6e6f 726d 616c ..17.4.52 normal\n-000359c0: 5f65 7869 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _exit.----------\n-000359d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-000359e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 ommand: normal_e\n-000359f0: 7869 740a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 6e6f xit. Exit no\n-00035a00: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 rmal mode (*note\n-00035a10: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 normal::). If \n-00035a20: 7468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 6520 6f66 this instance of\n-00035a30: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 normal mode. \n-00035a40: 2020 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 6e65 7374 6564 was not nested\n-00035a50: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 within another \n-00035a60: 6f6e 652c 2074 6865 6e20 7265 7475 726e one, then return\n-00035a70: 2074 6f20 7265 7363 7565 206d 6f64 652e to rescue mode.\n-00035a80: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00035a90: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7274 nfo, Node: part\n-00035aa0: 746f 6f6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6173 tool, Next: pas\n-00035ab0: 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e6f sword, Prev: no\n-00035ac0: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 5570 3a20 rmal_exit, Up: \n-00035ad0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00035ae0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3533 2070 mands..17.4.53 p\n-00035af0: 6172 7474 6f6f 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d arttool.--------\n-00035b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00035b10: 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c20 mmand: parttool \n-00035b20: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e partition comman\n-00035b30: 6473 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2076 6172 ds. Make var\n-00035b40: 696f 7573 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f ious modificatio\n-00035b50: 6e73 2074 6f20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 ns to partition \n-00035b60: 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a table entries...\n-00035b70: 2020 2020 2045 6163 6820 434f 4d4d 414e Each COMMAN\n-00035b80: 4420 6973 2065 6974 6865 7220 6120 626f D is either a bo\n-00035b90: 6f6c 6561 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e olean option, in\n-00035ba0: 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 6520 6974 206d which case it m\n-00035bb0: 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c ust be. foll\n-00035bc0: 6f77 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 982b e280 owed with ...+..\n-00035bd0: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2028 7769 . or ...-... (wi\n-00035be0: 7468 206e 6f20 696e 7465 7276 656e 696e th no intervenin\n-00035bf0: 6720 7370 6163 6529 2074 6f20 656e 6162 g space) to enab\n-00035c00: 6c65 206f 720a 2020 2020 2064 6973 6162 le or. disab\n-00035c10: 6c65 2074 6861 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 le that option, \n-00035c20: 6f72 2065 6c73 6520 6974 2074 616b 6573 or else it takes\n-00035c30: 2061 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e20 7468 6520 a value in the \n-00035c40: 666f 726d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9843 4f4d form. ...COM\n-00035c50: 4d41 4e44 3d56 414c 5545 e280 992e 0a0a MAND=VALUE......\n-00035c60: 2020 2020 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2c20 Currently, \n-00035c70: e280 9870 6172 7474 6f6f 6ce2 8099 2069 ...parttool... i\n-00035c80: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e s only useful on\n-00035c90: 2044 4f53 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 DOS partition t\n-00035ca0: 6162 6c65 7320 2861 6c73 6f0a 2020 2020 ables (also. \n-00035cb0: 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4d61 7374 6572 known as Master\n-00035cc0: 2042 6f6f 7420 5265 636f 7264 2c20 6f72 Boot Record, or\n-00035cd0: 204d 4252 292e 204f 6e20 7468 6573 6520 MBR). On these \n-00035ce0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 partition tables\n-00035cf0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ,. the follo\n-00035d00: 7769 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 wing commands ar\n-00035d10: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 653a 0a0a 2020 e available:.. \n-00035d20: 2020 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 2862 ...boot... (b\n-00035d30: 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 oolean). \n-00035d40: 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2c20 When enabled, \n-00035d50: 7468 6973 206d 616b 6573 2074 6865 2073 this makes the s\n-00035d60: 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f elected partitio\n-00035d70: 6e20 6265 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 650a n be the active.\n-00035d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2862 6f6f 7461 (boota\n-00035d90: 626c 6529 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f ble) partition o\n-00035da0: 6e20 6974 7320 6469 736b 2c20 636c 6561 n its disk, clea\n-00035db0: 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 ring the active \n-00035dc0: 666c 6167 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 flag on. \n-00035dd0: 2020 616c 6c20 6f74 6865 7220 7061 7274 all other part\n-00035de0: 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f itions. This co\n-00035df0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 mmand is limited\n-00035e00: 2074 6f20 5f70 7269 6d61 7279 5f0a 2020 to _primary_. \n-00035e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f partitio\n-00035e20: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 7970 ns... ...typ\n-00035e30: 65e2 8099 2028 7661 6c75 6529 0a20 2020 e... (value). \n-00035e40: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 6520 7468 Change th\n-00035e50: 6520 7479 7065 206f 6620 616e 2065 7869 e type of an exi\n-00035e60: 7374 696e 6720 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e sting partition.\n-00035e70: 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6d75 7374 The value must\n-00035e80: 2062 6520 610a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be a. \n-00035e90: 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 number in the ra\n-00035ea0: 6e67 6520 302d 3078 4646 2028 7072 6566 nge 0-0xFF (pref\n-00035eb0: 6978 2077 6974 6820 e280 9830 78e2 8099 ix with ...0x...\n-00035ec0: 2074 6f20 656e 7465 7220 6974 2069 6e0a to enter it in.\n-00035ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 7861 6465 hexade\n-00035ee0: 6369 6d61 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 cimal)... ..\n-00035ef0: 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2028 626f 6f6c .hidden... (bool\n-00035f00: 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 ean). W\n-00035f10: 6865 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6869 hen enabled, thi\n-00035f20: 7320 6869 6465 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 s hides the sele\n-00035f30: 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 cted partition b\n-00035f40: 7920 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 y setting the. \n-00035f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 9c68 6964 6465 ...hidde\n-00035f60: 6ee2 809d 2062 6974 2069 6e20 6974 7320 n... bit in its \n-00035f70: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2063 partition type c\n-00035f80: 6f64 653b 2077 6865 6e20 6469 7361 626c ode; when disabl\n-00035f90: 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e ed,. un\n-00035fa0: 6869 6465 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 hides the select\n-00035fb0: 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 ed partition by \n-00035fc0: 636c 6561 7269 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6269 clearing this bi\n-00035fd0: 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 2020 2020 t. This is. \n-00035fe0: 2020 2020 2020 7573 6566 756c 206f 6e6c useful onl\n-00035ff0: 7920 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2044 y when booting D\n-00036000: 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 616e OS or Windows an\n-00036010: 6420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2070 7269 6d61 d multiple prima\n-00036020: 7279 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 4154 ry. FAT\n-00036030: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6578 6973 partitions exis\n-00036040: 7420 696e 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 t in one disk. \n-00036050: 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 0a20 See also *note. \n-00036060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 4f53 2f57 696e DOS/Win\n-00036070: 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a dows::.....File:\n-00036080: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00036090: 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 4e65 e: password, Ne\n-000360a0: 7874 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b xt: password_pbk\n-000360b0: 6466 322c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7274 df2, Prev: part\n-000360c0: 746f 6f6c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 tool, Up: Comma\n-000360d0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-000360e0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3420 7061 7373 776f ..17.4.54 passwo\n-000360f0: 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rd.-------------\n-00036100: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00036110: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2075 7365 7220 : password user \n-00036120: 636c 6561 722d 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 clear-password. \n-00036130: 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 Define a use\n-00036140: 7220 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 r named USER wit\n-00036150: 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 2043 4c45 4152 h password CLEAR\n-00036160: 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 2a4e 6f74 -PASSWORD. *Not\n-00036170: 650a 2020 2020 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a e. Security:\n-00036180: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00036190: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 .info, Node: pa\n-000361a0: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 ssword_pbkdf2, \n-000361b0: 4e65 7874 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 Next: plainmount\n-000361c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 , Prev: passwor\n-000361d0: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d d, Up: Command-\n-000361e0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-000361f0: 372e 342e 3535 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7.4.55 password_\n-00036200: 7062 6b64 6632 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d pbkdf2.---------\n-00036210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00036220: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6173 -- Command: pas\n-00036230: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2075 7365 sword_pbkdf2 use\n-00036240: 7220 6861 7368 6564 2d70 6173 7377 6f72 r hashed-passwor\n-00036250: 640a 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 6120 d. Define a \n-00036260: 7573 6572 206e 616d 6564 2055 5345 5220 user named USER \n-00036270: 7769 7468 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 with password ha\n-00036280: 7368 2048 4153 4845 442d 5041 5353 574f sh HASHED-PASSWO\n-00036290: 5244 2e20 2055 7365 0a20 2020 2020 e280 RD. Use. ..\n-000362a0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 .grub-mkpasswd-p\n-000362b0: 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 bkdf2... (*note \n-000362c0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000362d0: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a29 passwd-pbkdf2::)\n-000362e0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2067 656e 6572 6174 to. generat\n-000362f0: 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 e password hashe\n-00036300: 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 s. *Note Securi\n-00036310: 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ty::.....File: g\n-00036320: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00036330: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 plainmount, Ne\n-00036340: 7874 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: play, Prev:\n-00036350: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 password_pbkdf2\n-00036360: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00036370: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00036380: 2e34 2e35 3620 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 .4.56 plainmount\n-00036390: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-000363a0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-000363b0: 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2064 6576 : plainmount dev\n-000363c0: 6963 6520 2d63 2063 6970 6865 7220 2d73 ice -c cipher -s\n-000363d0: 206b 6579 2073 697a 6520 5b2d 6820 6861 key size [-h ha\n-000363e0: 7368 5d0a 2020 2020 205b e280 982d 53e2 sh]. [...-S.\n-000363f0: 8099 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 5d20 .. sector size] \n-00036400: 5be2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 7061 7373 776f [...-p... passwo\n-00036410: 7264 5d20 5be2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 7575 rd] [...-u... uu\n-00036420: 6964 5d20 5b5b e280 982d 64e2 8099 206b id] [[...-d... k\n-00036430: 6579 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 205b e280 eyfile]. [..\n-00036440: 982d 4fe2 8099 206b 6579 6669 6c65 206f .-O... keyfile o\n-00036450: 6666 7365 745d 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 5365 ffset]].. Se\n-00036460: 7475 7020 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7468 tup access to th\n-00036470: 6520 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 e encrypted devi\n-00036480: 6365 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 6d6f 6465 ce in plain mode\n-00036490: 2e20 204f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 . Offset of the\n-000364a0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 . encrypted \n-000364b0: 6461 7461 2061 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 data at the devi\n-000364c0: 6365 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 ce is specified \n-000364d0: 696e 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 3531 3220 in terms of 512 \n-000364e0: 6279 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6374 6f72 byte. sector\n-000364f0: 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 626c 6f63 s using the bloc\n-00036500: 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 klist syntax and\n-00036510: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6465 7669 6365 loopback device\n-00036520: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c . The. foll\n-00036530: 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 7368 owing example sh\n-00036540: 6f77 7320 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 ows how to speci\n-00036550: 6679 2031 4d69 4220 6f66 6673 6574 3a0a fy 1MiB offset:.\n-00036560: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 . loopb\n-00036570: 6163 6b20 6e6f 6465 2028 6864 302c 6770 ack node (hd0,gp\n-00036580: 7431 2932 3034 382b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t1)2048+. \n-00036590: 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6e6f plainmount no\n-000365a0: 6465 202e 2e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 de ..... The\n-000365b0: 20e2 8098 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 e280 ...plainmount..\n-000365c0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 . command can be\n-000365d0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 206f 7065 6e20 4c55 used to open LU\n-000365e0: 4b53 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2076 6f6c KS encrypted vol\n-000365f0: 756d 650a 2020 2020 2069 6620 6974 7320 ume. if its \n-00036600: 6d61 7374 6572 206b 6579 2061 6e64 2070 master key and p\n-00036610: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 286b 6579 2073 arameters (key s\n-00036620: 697a 652c 2063 6970 6865 722c 206f 6666 ize, cipher, off\n-00036630: 7365 742c 2065 7463 290a 2020 2020 2061 set, etc). a\n-00036640: 7265 206b 6e6f 776e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 re known... \n-00036650: 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 There are two wa\n-00036660: 7973 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 ys to specify a \n-00036670: 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a20 6120 6b65 7966 password: a keyf\n-00036680: 696c 6520 616e 6420 6120 7365 6372 6574 ile and a secret\n-00036690: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 . passphrase\n-000366a0: 2e20 2054 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2070 . The keyfile p\n-000366b0: 6174 6820 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 6861 ath parameter ha\n-000366c0: 7320 6869 6768 6572 2070 7269 6f72 6974 s higher priorit\n-000366d0: 7920 7468 616e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 y than. the \n-000366e0: 7365 6372 6574 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 secret passphras\n-000366f0: 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 616e 6420 e parameter and \n-00036700: 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 is specified wit\n-00036710: 6820 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 h the option. \n-00036720: 2020 e280 982d 64e2 8099 2e20 2050 6173 ...-d.... Pas\n-00036730: 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 206f 6274 6169 sword data obtai\n-00036740: 6e65 6420 6672 6f6d 206b 6579 6669 6c65 ned from keyfile\n-00036750: 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2068 6173 6865 6420 s is not hashed \n-00036760: 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 and is. used\n-00036770: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6173 2061 2063 directly as a c\n-00036780: 6970 6865 7220 6b65 792e 2020 416e 206f ipher key. An o\n-00036790: 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 6f66 6673 6574 206f ptional offset o\n-000367a0: 6620 7061 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 610a f password data.\n-000367b0: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6b65 7966 in the keyf\n-000367c0: 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 ile can be speci\n-000367d0: 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f70 fied with the op\n-000367e0: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6f72 tion ...-O... or\n-000367f0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 2020 2020 2077 directly. w\n-00036800: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 ith the option .\n-00036810: 8098 2d64 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 ..-d... and GRUB\n-00036820: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 blocklist synta\n-00036830: 782c 2069 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7966 696c x, if the keyfil\n-00036840: 6520 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6e20 e data. can \n-00036850: 6265 2061 6363 6573 7365 6420 6672 6f6d be accessed from\n-00036860: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e 6420 6973 a device and is\n-00036870: 2035 3132 2062 7974 6520 616c 6967 6e65 512 byte aligne\n-00036880: 642e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c d. The. fol\n-00036890: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2073 lowing example s\n-000368a0: 686f 7773 2062 6f74 6820 6d65 7468 6f64 hows both method\n-000368b0: 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2070 6173 s to specify pas\n-000368c0: 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 2069 6e0a 2020 sword data in. \n-000368d0: 2020 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2061 the keyfile a\n-000368e0: 7420 6f66 6673 6574 2031 4d69 423a 0a0a t offset 1MiB:..\n-000368f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d plainm\n-00036900: 6f75 6e74 202d 6420 2868 6430 2c67 7074 ount -d (hd0,gpt\n-00036910: 3129 3230 3438 2b20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 1)2048+ .... \n-00036920: 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 plainmount\n-00036930: 202d 6420 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 2b20 -d (hd0,gpt1)+ \n-00036940: 2d4f 2031 3034 3835 3736 202e 2e2e 0a0a -O 1048576 .....\n-00036950: 2020 2020 2049 6620 6e6f 206b 6579 6669 If no keyfi\n-00036960: 6c65 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 le is specified \n-00036970: 7468 656e 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 then the passwor\n-00036980: 6420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 d is set to the \n-00036990: 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 string. spec\n-000369a0: 6966 6965 6420 6279 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ified by option \n-000369b0: e280 982d 70e2 8099 206f 7220 6973 2072 ...-p... or is r\n-000369c0: 6571 7565 7374 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6163 equested interac\n-000369d0: 7469 7665 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a tively from the.\n-000369e0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 2049 console. I\n-000369f0: 6e20 626f 7468 2063 6173 6573 2074 6865 n both cases the\n-00036a00: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 7061 7373 776f provided passwo\n-00036a10: 7264 2069 7320 6861 7368 6564 2077 6974 rd is hashed wit\n-00036a20: 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 2061 6c67 6f72 h the. algor\n-00036a30: 6974 686d 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2062 ithm specified b\n-00036a40: 7920 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 y the option ...\n-00036a50: 2d68 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 -h.... This opt\n-00036a60: 696f 6e20 6973 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 ion is mandatory\n-00036a70: 0a20 2020 2020 6966 206e 6f20 6b65 7966 . if no keyf\n-00036a80: 696c 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 ile is specified\n-00036a90: 2c20 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 , but it can be \n-00036aa0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 706c 6169 6ee2 set to ...plain.\n-00036ab0: 8099 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 .. which. me\n-00036ac0: 616e 7320 7468 6174 206e 6f20 6861 7368 ans that no hash\n-00036ad0: 696e 6720 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 616e 6420 ing is done and \n-00036ae0: 7375 6368 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6973 such password is\n-00036af0: 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 used directly a\n-00036b00: 730a 2020 2020 2061 206b 6579 2e0a 0a20 s. a key... \n-00036b10: 2020 2020 4369 7068 6572 20e2 8098 2d63 Cipher ...-c\n-00036b20: e280 9920 616e 6420 6b65 7973 697a 6520 ... and keysize \n-00036b30: e280 982d 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ...-s... options\n-00036b40: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 2063 6970 specify the cip\n-00036b50: 6865 7220 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d0a 2020 her algorithm. \n-00036b60: 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206b 6579 2073 and the key s\n-00036b70: 697a 6520 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 ize respectively\n-00036b80: 2061 6e64 2061 7265 206d 616e 6461 746f and are mandato\n-00036b90: 7279 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2043 6970 ry options. Cip\n-00036ba0: 6865 720a 2020 2020 206d 7573 7420 6265 her. must be\n-00036bb0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 specified with \n-00036bc0: 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 2073 6570 6172 6174 the mode separat\n-00036bd0: 6564 2062 7920 6120 6461 7368 2028 666f ed by a dash (fo\n-00036be0: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a20 2020 2020 r example,. \n-00036bf0: e280 9861 6573 2d78 7473 2d70 6c61 696e ...aes-xts-plain\n-00036c00: 3634 e280 9929 2e20 204b 6579 2073 697a 64...). Key siz\n-00036c10: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 e option ...-s..\n-00036c20: 9920 6973 2074 6865 206b 6579 2073 697a . is the key siz\n-00036c30: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6369 e of the. ci\n-00036c40: 7068 6572 2069 6e20 6269 7473 2c20 6e6f pher in bits, no\n-00036c50: 7420 746f 2062 6520 636f 6e66 7573 6564 t to be confused\n-00036c60: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 with the offset\n-00036c70: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6461 7461 of the key data\n-00036c80: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 206b 6579 6669 . in a keyfi\n-00036c90: 6c65 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 le specified wit\n-00036ca0: 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 4fe2 8099 206f h the ...-O... o\n-00036cb0: 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 4974 206d 7573 7420 ption. It must \n-00036cc0: 6e6f 7420 6578 6365 6564 0a20 2020 2020 not exceed. \n-00036cd0: 3130 3234 2062 6974 732c 2073 6f20 6120 1024 bits, so a \n-00036ce0: 3332 2062 7974 6520 6b65 7920 776f 756c 32 byte key woul\n-00036cf0: 6420 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 d be specified a\n-00036d00: 7320 3235 3620 6269 7473 0a0a 2020 2020 s 256 bits.. \n-00036d10: 2054 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 The optional pa\n-00036d20: 7261 6d65 7465 7220 e280 982d 53e2 8099 rameter ...-S...\n-00036d30: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2065 6e63 7279 specifies encry\n-00036d40: 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 7365 6374 pted device sect\n-00036d50: 6f72 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 or size.. It\n-00036d60: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 7420 6c65 6173 must be at leas\n-00036d70: 7420 3531 3220 6279 7465 7320 6c6f 6e67 t 512 bytes long\n-00036d80: 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6529 (default value)\n-00036d90: 2061 6e64 2061 2070 6f77 6572 206f 660a and a power of.\n-00036da0: 2020 2020 2032 2e20 2028 3129 2020 282a 2. (1) (*\n-00036db0: 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742d note plainmount-\n-00036dc0: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 Footnote-1::). \n-00036dd0: 4469 736b 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 Disk sector size\n-00036de0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 is. configu\n-00036df0: 7265 6420 7768 656e 2063 7265 6174 696e red when creatin\n-00036e00: 6720 7468 6520 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 g the encrypted \n-00036e10: 766f 6c75 6d65 2e20 2041 7474 656d 7074 volume. Attempt\n-00036e20: 696e 6720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6372 ing to. decr\n-00036e30: 7970 7420 766f 6c75 6d65 7320 7769 7468 ypt volumes with\n-00036e40: 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2073 6563 a different sec\n-00036e50: 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2074 6861 6e20 6974 tor size than it\n-00036e60: 2077 6173 2063 7265 6174 6564 0a20 2020 was created. \n-00036e70: 2020 7769 7468 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 with will not \n-00036e80: 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 616e 2065 7272 result in an err\n-00036e90: 6f72 2c20 6275 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6563 or, but will dec\n-00036ea0: 7279 7074 2074 6f20 7261 6e64 6f6d 2062 rypt to random b\n-00036eb0: 7974 6573 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 ytes. and th\n-00036ec0: 7573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2061 6363 6573 us prevent acces\n-00036ed0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 sing the volume \n-00036ee0: 2869 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2074 (in some cases t\n-00036ef0: 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 he filesystem. \n-00036f00: 2020 2064 7269 7665 7220 6361 6e20 6465 driver can de\n-00036f10: 7465 6374 2074 6865 2070 7265 7365 6e63 tect the presenc\n-00036f20: 6520 6f66 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 e of a filesyste\n-00036f30: 6d2c 2062 7574 206e 6576 6572 7468 656c m, but neverthel\n-00036f40: 6573 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7265 ess. will re\n-00036f50: 6675 7365 2074 6f20 6d6f 756e 7420 6974 fuse to mount it\n-00036f60: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 )... By defa\n-00036f70: 756c 7420 6e65 7720 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 ult new plainmou\n-00036f80: 6e74 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 696c 6c20 nt devices will \n-00036f90: 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 2055 5549 4420 be given a UUID \n-00036fa0: 7374 6172 7469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7769 starting. wi\n-00036fb0: 7468 2027 3130 3966 6561 3834 2d61 3662 th '109fea84-a6b\n-00036fc0: 372d 3334 6138 2d34 6264 312d 3163 3530 7-34a8-4bd1-1c50\n-00036fd0: 3633 3035 6134 3031 2720 7768 6572 6520 6305a401' where \n-00036fe0: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2064 6967 6974 730a the last digits.\n-00036ff0: 2020 2020 2061 7265 2069 6e63 7265 6d65 are increme\n-00037000: 6e74 6564 2062 7920 6f6e 6520 666f 7220 nted by one for \n-00037010: 6561 6368 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7465 each plainmounte\n-00037020: 6420 6465 7669 6365 2062 6579 6f6e 6420 d device beyond \n-00037030: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6972 7374 2075 the. first u\n-00037040: 7020 746f 2032 5e31 3020 6465 7669 6365 p to 2^10 device\n-00037050: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 2065 6e63 s... All enc\n-00037060: 7279 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 ryption argument\n-00037070: 7320 2863 6970 6865 722c 2068 6173 682c s (cipher, hash,\n-00037080: 206b 6579 2073 697a 652c 2064 6973 6b20 key size, disk \n-00037090: 6f66 6673 6574 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 offset and. \n-000370a0: 6469 736b 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 disk sector size\n-000370b0: 2920 6d75 7374 206d 6174 6368 2074 6865 ) must match the\n-000370c0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 7573 6564 parameters used\n-000370d0: 2074 6f20 6372 6561 7465 2074 6865 0a20 to create the. \n-000370e0: 2020 2020 766f 6c75 6d65 2e20 2049 6620 volume. If \n-000370f0: 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 6d20 646f 6573 any of them does\n-00037100: 206e 6f74 206d 6174 6368 2074 6865 2061 not match the a\n-00037110: 6374 7561 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 ctual arguments \n-00037120: 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 used. during\n-00037130: 2074 6865 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2065 6e63 the initial enc\n-00037140: 7279 7074 696f 6e2c 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f ryption, plainmo\n-00037150: 756e 7420 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 6520 unt will create \n-00037160: 7669 7274 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 virtual. dev\n-00037170: 6963 6520 7769 7468 2074 6865 2067 6172 ice with the gar\n-00037180: 6261 6765 2064 6174 6120 616e 6420 4752 bage data and GR\n-00037190: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7265 706f 7274 2075 UB will report u\n-000371a0: 6e6b 6e6f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 nknown. file\n-000371b0: 7379 7374 656d 2066 6f72 2073 7563 6820 system for such \n-000371c0: 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a device.....File:\n-000371d0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000371e0: 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742d 466f e: plainmount-Fo\n-000371f0: 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 706c otnotes, Up: pl\n-00037200: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 ainmount.. (1)\n-00037210: 2043 7572 7265 6e74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 Current impleme\n-00037220: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 7279 7074 ntation of crypt\n-00037230: 7365 7475 7020 7375 7070 6f72 7473 206f setup supports o\n-00037240: 6e6c 790a 3531 322f 3130 3234 2f32 3034 nly.512/1024/204\n-00037250: 382f 3430 3936 2062 7974 6520 7365 6374 8/4096 byte sect\n-00037260: 6f72 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ors....File: gru\n-00037270: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 b.info, Node: p\n-00037280: 6c61 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7072 6f62 lay, Next: prob\n-00037290: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d e, Prev: plainm\n-000372a0: 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ount, Up: Comma\n-000372b0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-000372c0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3720 706c 6179 0a2d ..17.4.57 play.-\n-000372d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-000372e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 706c 6179 2066 Command: play f\n-000372f0: 696c 6520 7c20 7465 6d70 6f20 5b70 6974 ile | tempo [pit\n-00037300: 6368 3120 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 315d 205b ch1 duration1] [\n-00037310: 7069 7463 6832 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e32 pitch2 duration2\n-00037320: 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7973 ] .... Plays\n-00037330: 2061 2074 756e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 a tune.. If\n-00037340: 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 the argument is\n-00037350: 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e a file name (*n\n-00037360: 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 ote File name sy\n-00037370: 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2070 6c61 7920 7468 ntax::), play th\n-00037380: 650a 2020 2020 2074 756e 6520 7265 636f e. tune reco\n-00037390: 7264 6564 2069 6e20 6974 2e20 2054 6865 rded in it. The\n-000373a0: 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2069 7320 file format is \n-000373b0: 6669 7273 7420 7468 6520 7465 6d70 6f20 first the tempo \n-000373c0: 6173 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 as an. unsig\n-000373d0: 6e65 6420 3332 6269 7420 6c69 7474 6c65 ned 32bit little\n-000373e0: 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 -endian number, \n-000373f0: 7468 656e 2070 6169 7273 206f 6620 756e then pairs of un\n-00037400: 7369 676e 6564 2031 3662 6974 0a20 2020 signed 16bit. \n-00037410: 2020 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 little-endian \n-00037420: 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 7069 7463 numbers for pitc\n-00037430: 6820 616e 6420 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 2070 h and duration p\n-00037440: 6169 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 airs... If t\n-00037450: 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2061 7265 he arguments are\n-00037460: 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 206e 756d a series of num\n-00037470: 6265 7273 2c20 706c 6179 2074 6865 2069 bers, play the i\n-00037480: 6e6c 696e 6520 7475 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 nline tune... \n-00037490: 2020 5468 6520 7465 6d70 6f20 6973 2074 The tempo is t\n-000374a0: 6865 2062 6173 6520 666f 7220 616c 6c20 he base for all \n-000374b0: 6e6f 7465 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 note durations. \n-000374c0: 2036 3020 6769 7665 7320 6120 312d 7365 60 gives a 1-se\n-000374d0: 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6261 7365 2c20 cond. base, \n-000374e0: 3132 3020 6769 7665 7320 6120 6861 6c66 120 gives a half\n-000374f0: 2d73 6563 6f6e 6420 6261 7365 2c20 6574 -second base, et\n-00037500: 632e 2020 5069 7463 6865 7320 6172 6520 c. Pitches are \n-00037510: 487a 2e20 2053 6574 0a20 2020 2020 7069 Hz. Set. pi\n-00037520: 7463 6820 746f 2030 2074 6f20 7072 6f64 tch to 0 to prod\n-00037530: 7563 6520 6120 7265 7374 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 uce a rest.....F\n-00037540: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00037550: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 204e Node: probe, N\n-00037560: 6578 743a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 ext: rdmsr, Pre\n-00037570: 763a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: play, Up: Co\n-00037580: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00037590: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3538 2070 726f nds..17.4.58 pro\n-000375a0: 6265 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d be.-------------\n-000375b0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 .. -- Command: p\n-000375c0: 726f 6265 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 7661 725d robe [--set var]\n-000375d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d64 7269 . --dri\n-000375e0: 7665 727c 2d2d 7061 7274 6d61 707c 2d2d ver|--partmap|--\n-000375f0: 6673 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 7c2d 2d6c fs|--fs-uuid|--l\n-00037600: 6162 656c 7c2d 2d70 6172 742d 7575 6964 abel|--part-uuid\n-00037610: 2064 6576 6963 650a 2020 2020 2052 6574 device. Ret\n-00037620: 7269 6576 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 rieve device inf\n-00037630: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 ormation. If op\n-00037640: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 tion ...--set...\n-00037650: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2061 7373 6967 is given, assig\n-00037660: 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 6573 756c 7420 746f n. result to\n-00037670: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522c 206f variable VAR, o\n-00037680: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2070 7269 6e74 2069 therwise print i\n-00037690: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 nformation on th\n-000376a0: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e screen... \n-000376b0: 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d The option ...--\n-000376c0: 7061 7274 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 2069 7320 part-uuid... is \n-000376d0: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2069 currently only i\n-000376e0: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2066 6f72 204d mplemented for M\n-000376f0: 5344 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 4750 SDOS. and GP\n-00037700: 5420 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b T formatted disk\n-00037710: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00037720: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7264 .info, Node: rd\n-00037730: 6d73 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 6164 msr, Next: read\n-00037740: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 , Prev: probe, \n-00037750: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00037760: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00037770: 2e35 3920 7264 6d73 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .59 rdmsr.------\n-00037780: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00037790: 6d61 6e64 3a3a 2072 646d 7372 2030 7841 mand:: rdmsr 0xA\n-000377a0: 4444 5220 5b2d 7620 5641 524e 414d 455d DDR [-v VARNAME]\n-000377b0: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2061 206d 6f64 . Read a mod\n-000377c0: 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 el-specific regi\n-000377d0: 7374 6572 2061 7420 6164 6472 6573 7320 ster at address \n-000377e0: 3078 4144 4452 2e20 4966 2074 6865 2070 0xADDR. If the p\n-000377f0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 0a20 2020 2020 e280 arameter. ..\n-00037800: 982d 76e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 .-v... is used a\n-00037810: 6e64 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e nd an environmen\n-00037820: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 4e41 t variable VARNA\n-00037830: 4d45 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 6574 ME is given, set\n-00037840: 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 that. envir\n-00037850: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-00037860: 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 to the value tha\n-00037870: 7420 7761 7320 7265 6164 2e0a 0a20 2020 t was read... \n-00037880: 2020 506c 6561 7365 206e 6f74 6520 7468 Please note th\n-00037890: 6174 206f 6e20 534d 5020 7379 7374 656d at on SMP system\n-000378a0: 732c 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 s, reading from \n-000378b0: 6120 4d53 5220 7468 6174 2068 6173 2061 a MSR that has a\n-000378c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7363 6f70 6520 7065 7220 . scope per \n-000378d0: 6861 7264 7761 7265 2074 6872 6561 642c hardware thread,\n-000378e0: 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 implies that th\n-000378f0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2069 7320 e value that is \n-00037900: 7265 7475 726e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e returned. on\n-00037910: 6c79 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 7468 ly applies to th\n-00037920: 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2063 7075 e particular cpu\n-00037930: 2f63 6f72 652f 7468 7265 6164 2074 6861 /core/thread tha\n-00037940: 7420 7275 6e73 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 t runs the. \n-00037950: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 command... A\n-00037960: 6c73 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 lso, if you spec\n-00037970: 6966 7920 6120 7265 7365 7276 6564 206f ify a reserved o\n-00037980: 7220 756e 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 r unimplemented \n-00037990: 4d53 5220 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 740a MSR address, it.\n-000379a0: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6361 7573 6520 will cause \n-000379b0: 6120 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 6f74 6563 a general protec\n-000379c0: 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2028 tion exception (\n-000379d0: 7768 6963 6820 6973 206e 6f74 2063 7572 which is not cur\n-000379e0: 7265 6e74 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e rently. bein\n-000379f0: 6720 6861 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 6e64 2074 g handled) and t\n-00037a00: 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7769 6c6c 2072 he system will r\n-00037a10: 6562 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 eboot.....File: \n-00037a20: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00037a30: 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 : read, Next: r\n-00037a40: 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7264 eboot, Prev: rd\n-00037a50: 6d73 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e msr, Up: Comman\n-00037a60: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00037a70: 0a31 372e 342e 3630 2072 6561 640a 2d2d .17.4.60 read.--\n-00037a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00037a90: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6561 6420 5b2d Command: read [-\n-00037aa0: 735d 205b 7661 725d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 s] [var]. Re\n-00037ab0: 6164 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 ad a line of inp\n-00037ac0: 7574 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7573 6572 ut from the user\n-00037ad0: 2e20 2049 6620 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e . If an environ\n-00037ae0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 ment variable VA\n-00037af0: 520a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c R. is given,\n-00037b00: 2073 6574 2074 6861 7420 656e 7669 726f set that enviro\n-00037b10: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 nment variable t\n-00037b20: 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e o the line of in\n-00037b30: 7075 7420 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7761 put that. wa\n-00037b40: 7320 7265 6164 2c20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 s read, with no \n-00037b50: 7465 726d 696e 6174 696e 6720 6e65 776c terminating newl\n-00037b60: 696e 652e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2070 6172 ine. If the par\n-00037b70: 616d 6574 6572 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 ameter ...-s... \n-00037b80: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 2c20 656e is. used, en\n-00037b90: 6162 6c65 2073 696c 656e 7420 6d6f 6465 able silent mode\n-00037ba0: 2077 6865 7265 2069 6e70 7574 2069 7320 where input is \n-00037bb0: 6e6f 7420 7072 696e 7465 6420 746f 2074 not printed to t\n-00037bc0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c he. terminal\n-00037bd0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00037be0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6562 info, Node: reb\n-00037bf0: 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 6765 oot, Next: rege\n-00037c00: 7870 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6561 642c xp, Prev: read,\n-00037c10: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00037c20: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00037c30: 342e 3631 2072 6562 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 4.61 reboot.----\n-00037c40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00037c50: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6562 6f6f 740a Command: reboot.\n-00037c60: 2020 2020 2052 6562 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 Reboot the \n-00037c70: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c computer.....Fil\n-00037c80: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00037c90: 6f64 653a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 4e65 ode: regexp, Ne\n-00037ca0: 7874 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 xt: rmmod, Prev\n-00037cb0: 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : reboot, Up: C\n-00037cc0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00037cd0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3220 7265 ands..17.4.62 re\n-00037ce0: 6765 7870 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gexp.-----------\n-00037cf0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00037d00: 3a20 7265 6765 7870 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 : regexp [--set \n-00037d10: 5b6e 756d 6265 723a 5d76 6172 5d20 7265 [number:]var] re\n-00037d20: 6765 7870 2073 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 gexp string. \n-00037d30: 2054 6573 7420 6966 2072 6567 756c 6172 Test if regular\n-00037d40: 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 5245 4745 expression REGE\n-00037d50: 5850 206d 6174 6368 6573 2053 5452 494e XP matches STRIN\n-00037d60: 472e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 640a 2020 G. Supported. \n-00037d70: 2020 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 regular expre\n-00037d80: 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2050 4f53 4958 ssions are POSIX\n-00037d90: 2e32 2045 7874 656e 6465 6420 5265 6775 .2 Extended Regu\n-00037da0: 6c61 7220 4578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 732e lar Expressions.\n-00037db0: 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e If. option\n-00037dc0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 2069 7320 ...--set... is \n-00037dd0: 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 746f 7265 204e 554d given, store NUM\n-00037de0: 4245 5274 6820 6d61 7463 6865 6420 7375 BERth matched su\n-00037df0: 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 696e 0a20 bexpression in. \n-00037e00: 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 variable VAR\n-00037e10: 2e20 2053 7562 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e . Subexpression\n-00037e20: 7320 6172 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 6564 2069 s are numbered i\n-00037e30: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 6972 n order of their\n-00037e40: 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 656e 696e 6720 7061 . opening pa\n-00037e50: 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 7374 6172 7469 rentheses starti\n-00037e60: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9831 e280 992e ng from ...1....\n-00037e70: 2020 4e55 4d42 4552 2064 6566 6175 6c74 NUMBER default\n-00037e80: 7320 746f 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f s to ...1.......\n-00037e90: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00037ea0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 , Node: rmmod, \n-00037eb0: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6176 655f 656e 762c Next: save_env,\n-00037ec0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 Prev: regexp, \n-00037ed0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00037ee0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00037ef0: 2e36 3320 726d 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .63 rmmod.------\n-00037f00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00037f10: 6d61 6e64 3a20 726d 6d6f 6420 6d6f 6475 mand: rmmod modu\n-00037f20: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 le. Remove a\n-00037f30: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 4d4f 4455 4c45 2e0a loaded MODULE..\n-00037f40: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00037f50: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6176 655f fo, Node: save_\n-00037f60: 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 6172 env, Next: sear\n-00037f70: 6368 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6d6d 6f64 ch, Prev: rmmod\n-00037f80: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00037f90: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00037fa0: 2e34 2e36 3420 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 0a2d .4.64 save_env.-\n-00037fb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00037fc0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7361 . -- Command: sa\n-00037fd0: 7665 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 ve_env [--file f\n-00037fe0: 696c 655d 2076 6172 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 ile] var .... \n-00037ff0: 2020 5361 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 Save the named\n-00038000: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 variables from \n-00038010: 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 the environment \n-00038020: 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 to the environme\n-00038030: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 nt. block fi\n-00038040: 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 le. *Note Envir\n-00038050: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a onment block::..\n-00038060: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d66 . The ...--f\n-00038070: 696c 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 ile... option ov\n-00038080: 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 errides the defa\n-00038090: 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 ult location of \n-000380a0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e the. environ\n-000380b0: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 ment block... \n-000380c0: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 This command w\n-000380d0: 696c 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 6520 7375 6363 ill operate succ\n-000380e0: 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2065 7665 6e20 7768 essfully even wh\n-000380f0: 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a20 en environment. \n-00038100: 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 variable ...\n-00038110: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n-00038120: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ... is set to ..\n-00038130: 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 9920 282a 6e6f .enforce... (*no\n-00038140: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 te. check_si\n-00038150: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292c 2073 696e gnatures::), sin\n-00038160: 6365 2069 7420 7772 6974 6573 2074 6f20 ce it writes to \n-00038170: 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f disk and does no\n-00038180: 7420 616c 7465 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 t alter the. \n-00038190: 2062 6568 6176 696f 7220 6f66 2047 5255 behavior of GRU\n-000381a0: 4220 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2061 6e79 2063 B based on any c\n-000381b0: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 ontents of disk \n-000381c0: 7468 6174 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2072 that have been r\n-000381d0: 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 ead.. It is \n-000381e0: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 6d6f 6469 possible to modi\n-000381f0: 6679 2061 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 fy a digitally s\n-00038200: 6967 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e igned environmen\n-00038210: 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 t block file. \n-00038220: 2020 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 4752 from within GR\n-00038230: 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f UB using this co\n-00038240: 6d6d 616e 642c 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 mmand, such that\n-00038250: 2069 7473 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2077 its signature w\n-00038260: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f20 6c6f 6e67 ill. no long\n-00038270: 6572 2062 6520 7661 6c69 6420 6f6e 2073 er be valid on s\n-00038280: 7562 7365 7175 656e 7420 626f 6f74 732e ubsequent boots.\n-00038290: 2020 4361 7265 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 Care should be\n-000382a0: 2074 616b 656e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2073 taken in. s\n-000382b0: 7563 6820 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2063 6f6e uch advanced con\n-000382c0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2061 figurations to a\n-000382d0: 766f 6964 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2074 void rendering t\n-000382e0: 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2075 he system. u\n-000382f0: 6e62 6f6f 7461 626c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 nbootable. *Not\n-00038300: 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 e Using digital \n-00038310: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f signatures::, fo\n-00038320: 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f r more. info\n-00038330: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rmation.....File\n-00038340: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00038350: 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 2c20 204e 6578 de: search, Nex\n-00038360: 743a 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 2050 7265 t: sendkey, Pre\n-00038370: 763a 2073 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 5570 v: save_env, Up\n-00038380: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00038390: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3635 ommands..17.4.65\n-000383a0: 2073 6561 7263 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d search.--------\n-000383b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-000383c0: 616e 643a 2073 6561 7263 6820 5b2d 2d66 and: search [--f\n-000383d0: 696c 657c 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c 2d2d 6673 ile|--label|--fs\n-000383e0: 2d75 7569 645d 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 5b76 -uuid] [--set [v\n-000383f0: 6172 5d5d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b ar]]. [\n-00038400: 2d2d 6e6f 2d66 6c6f 7070 797c 2d2d 6566 --no-floppy|--ef\n-00038410: 6964 6973 6b2d 6f6e 6c79 5d20 6e61 6d65 idisk-only] name\n-00038420: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2064 6576 . Search dev\n-00038430: 6963 6573 2062 7920 6669 6c65 2028 e280 ices by file (..\n-00038440: 982d 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d66 696c .-f..., ...--fil\n-00038450: 65e2 8099 292c 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 e...), filesyste\n-00038460: 6d20 6c61 6265 6c20 28e2 8098 2d6c e280 m label (...-l..\n-00038470: 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d6c 6162 .,. ...--lab\n-00038480: 656c e280 9929 2c20 6f72 2066 696c 6573 el...), or files\n-00038490: 7973 7465 6d20 5555 4944 2028 e280 982d ystem UUID (...-\n-000384a0: 75e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d66 732d 7575 u..., ...--fs-uu\n-000384b0: 6964 e280 9929 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 id...)... If\n-000384c0: 2074 6865 2028 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2c20 the (...-s..., \n-000384d0: e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9929 206f 7074 ...--set...) opt\n-000384e0: 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 ion is used, the\n-000384f0: 2066 6972 7374 2064 6576 6963 6520 666f first device fo\n-00038500: 756e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 und is. set \n-00038510: 6173 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 as the value of \n-00038520: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00038530: 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2054 6865 2064 able VAR. The d\n-00038540: 6566 6175 6c74 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a efault variable.\n-00038550: 2020 2020 2069 7320 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 is ...root.\n-00038560: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 28e2 ..... The (.\n-00038570: 8098 2d6e e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f ..-n..., ...--no\n-00038580: 2d66 6c6f 7070 79e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 -floppy...) opti\n-00038590: 6f6e 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7365 6172 on prevents sear\n-000385a0: 6368 696e 6720 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6576 ching floppy dev\n-000385b0: 6963 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6869 6368 ices,. which\n-000385c0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 736c 6f77 2e0a 0a20 can be slow... \n-000385d0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 28e2 8098 2d2d 6566 The (...--ef\n-000385e0: 6964 6973 6b2d 6f6e 6c79 e280 9929 206f idisk-only...) o\n-000385f0: 7074 696f 6e20 7072 6576 656e 7473 2073 ption prevents s\n-00038600: 6561 7263 6869 6e67 2061 6e79 206f 7468 earching any oth\n-00038610: 6572 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 er devices. \n-00038620: 7468 656e 2045 4649 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 then EFI disks. \n-00038630: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2074 7970 6963 616c This is typical\n-00038640: 6c79 2075 7365 6420 7768 656e 2063 6861 ly used when cha\n-00038650: 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 746f 206c 6f63 inloading to loc\n-00038660: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 4546 4920 7061 7274 al. EFI part\n-00038670: 6974 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ition... The\n-00038680: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 696c 65e2 ...search.file.\n-00038690: 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 682e 6673 .., ...search.fs\n-000386a0: 5f6c 6162 656c e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 _label..., and .\n-000386b0: 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f 7575 6964 ..search.fs_uuid\n-000386c0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 ... commands. \n-000386d0: 2020 6172 6520 616c 6961 7365 7320 666f are aliases fo\n-000386e0: 7220 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 6669 r ...search --fi\n-000386f0: 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 le..., ...search\n-00038700: 202d 2d6c 6162 656c e280 992c 2061 6e64 --label..., and\n-00038710: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 0a20 2020 2020 ...search. \n-00038720: 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 2072 6573 --fs-uuid... res\n-00038730: 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 pectively... \n-00038740: 2041 6c73 6f20 6869 6e74 7320 6173 2074 Also hints as t\n-00038750: 6f20 7768 6963 6820 6465 7669 6365 206d o which device m\n-00038760: 6179 2062 6520 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 206c ay be the most l\n-00038770: 696b 656c 7920 746f 2063 6f6e 7461 696e ikely to contain\n-00038780: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 2073 the. item s\n-00038790: 6561 7263 6865 6420 666f 7220 6d61 7920 earched for may \n-000387a0: 6265 2067 6976 656e 2076 6961 2074 6865 be given via the\n-000387b0: 2028 e280 982d 68e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d (...-h..., ...-\n-000387c0: 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e -hint...) option\n-000387d0: 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 2061 2064 6576 with. a dev\n-000387e0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7320 616e 2061 ice name as an a\n-000387f0: 7267 756d 656e 742e 2020 4966 2074 6865 rgument. If the\n-00038800: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 656e 6473 2077 argument ends w\n-00038810: 6974 6820 6120 636f 6d6d 612c 0a20 2020 ith a comma,. \n-00038820: 2020 7468 656e 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e then partition\n-00038830: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 s on the device \n-00038840: 6172 6520 616c 736f 2073 6561 7263 6865 are also searche\n-00038850: 642e 2020 4675 7274 6865 726d 6f72 652c d. Furthermore,\n-00038860: 0a20 2020 2020 706c 6174 666f 726d 2073 . platform s\n-00038870: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6869 6e74 7320 6d61 pecific hints ma\n-00038880: 7920 6265 2067 6976 656e 2076 6961 2074 y be given via t\n-00038890: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 he options. \n-000388a0: e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6965 6565 3132 ...--hint-ieee12\n-000388b0: 3735 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 75..., ...--hint\n-000388c0: 2d62 696f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 -bios..., ...--h\n-000388d0: 696e 742d 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6ce2 8099 int-baremetal...\n-000388e0: 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6566 69e2 , ...--hint-efi.\n-000388f0: 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 ..,. and ...\n-00038900: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d61 7263 e280 992e 2020 --hint-arc.... \n-00038910: 5768 656e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 When specified, \n-00038920: 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7461 these options ta\n-00038930: 6b65 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 0a20 ke an argument. \n-00038940: 2020 2020 616e 6420 6f70 6572 6174 6520 and operate \n-00038950: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 e280 like ...--hint..\n-00038960: 992c 2062 7574 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2074 ., but only on t\n-00038970: 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2070 6c61 he specified pla\n-00038980: 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 tform.....File: \n-00038990: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000389a0: 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 4e65 7874 : sendkey, Next\n-000389b0: 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 : set, Prev: se\n-000389c0: 6172 6368 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 arch, Up: Comma\n-000389d0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-000389e0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3620 7365 6e64 6b65 ..17.4.66 sendke\n-000389f0: 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d y.--------------\n-00038a00: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00038a10: 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 sendkey. \n-00038a20: 2020 5b2d 2d6e 756d 7c2d 2d63 6170 737c [--num|--caps|\n-00038a30: 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 7c2d 2d69 6e73 6572 --scroll|--inser\n-00038a40: 747c 2d2d 7061 7573 657c 2d2d 6c65 6674 t|--pause|--left\n-00038a50: 2d73 6869 6674 7c2d 2d72 6967 6874 2d73 -shift|--right-s\n-00038a60: 6869 6674 7c2d 2d73 7973 7271 7c2d 2d6e hift|--sysrq|--n\n-00038a70: 756d 6b65 797c 2d2d 6361 7073 6b65 797c umkey|--capskey|\n-00038a80: 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 797c 2d2d 696e --scrollkey|--in\n-00038a90: 7365 7274 6b65 797c 2d2d 6c65 6674 2d61 sertkey|--left-a\n-00038aa0: 6c74 7c2d 2d72 6967 6874 2d61 6c74 7c2d lt|--right-alt|-\n-00038ab0: 2d6c 6566 742d 6374 726c 7c2d 2d72 6967 -left-ctrl|--rig\n-00038ac0: 6874 2d63 7472 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ht-ctrl. \n-00038ad0: 2020 6f6e 7c6f 6666 5d2e 2e2e 205b 6e6f on|off]... [no\n-00038ae0: 2d6c 6564 5d20 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 650a -led] keystroke.\n-00038af0: 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 6b65 7973 Insert keys\n-00038b00: 7472 6f6b 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 trokes into the \n-00038b10: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 7220 keyboard buffer \n-00038b20: 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2e20 2053 when booting. S\n-00038b30: 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 616e ometimes. an\n-00038b40: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00038b50: 6d20 6f72 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6564 m or chainloaded\n-00038b60: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2072 6571 boot loader req\n-00038b70: 7569 7265 7320 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 uires particular\n-00038b80: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7973 2074 6f20 6265 . keys to be\n-00038b90: 2070 7265 7373 6564 3a20 666f 7220 6578 pressed: for ex\n-00038ba0: 616d 706c 652c 206f 6e65 206d 6967 6874 ample, one might\n-00038bb0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2070 7265 7373 2061 need to press a\n-00038bc0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 . particular\n-00038bd0: 206b 6579 2074 6f20 656e 7465 7220 2273 key to enter \"s\n-00038be0: 6166 6520 6d6f 6465 222c 206f 7220 7768 afe mode\", or wh\n-00038bf0: 656e 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 en chainloading \n-00038c00: 616e 6f74 6865 720a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f another. boo\n-00038c10: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e65 206d 6967 t loader one mig\n-00038c20: 6874 2073 656e 6420 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b ht send keystrok\n-00038c30: 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2074 6f20 6e61 7669 es to it to navi\n-00038c40: 6761 7465 2069 7473 206d 656e 752e 0a0a gate its menu...\n-00038c50: 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6869 7320 Note: This \n-00038c60: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2063 7572 7265 command is curre\n-00038c70: 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 ntly only availa\n-00038c80: 626c 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2069 3338 362d ble on the i386-\n-00038c90: 7063 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 2e0a pc. target..\n-00038ca0: 0a20 2020 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7072 . You may pr\n-00038cb0: 6f76 6964 6520 7570 2074 6f20 3136 206b ovide up to 16 k\n-00038cc0: 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 2874 6865 206c eystrokes (the l\n-00038cd0: 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2042 494f ength of the BIO\n-00038ce0: 530a 2020 2020 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 S. keyboard \n-00038cf0: 6275 6666 6572 292e 2020 4b65 7973 7472 buffer). Keystr\n-00038d00: 6f6b 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6d61 7920 6265 oke names may be\n-00038d10: 2075 7070 6572 2d63 6173 6520 6f72 206c upper-case or l\n-00038d20: 6f77 6572 2d63 6173 650a 2020 2020 206c ower-case. l\n-00038d30: 6574 7465 7273 2c20 6469 6769 7473 2c20 etters, digits, \n-00038d40: 6f72 2074 616b 656e 2066 726f 6d20 7468 or taken from th\n-00038d50: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c e following tabl\n-00038d60: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 616d 6520 2020 e:.. Name \n-00038d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038d80: 2020 2020 2020 204b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 Key. \n-00038d90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002db00: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2070 7562 6c69 Add publi\n+0002db10: 6320 6b65 7920 746f 206c 6973 7420 6f66 c key to list of\n+0002db20: 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 730a 2a20 trusted keys.* \n+0002db30: 756e 7365 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 unset:: \n+0002db40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e Un\n+0002db50: 7365 7420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 set an environme\n+0002db60: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7665 nt variable.* ve\n+0002db70: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a20 rify_detached:: \n+0002db80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7269 Veri\n+0002db90: 6679 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 6469 6769 fy detached digi\n+0002dba0: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 650a 2a20 tal signature.* \n+0002dbb0: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 videoinfo:: \n+0002dbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 Li\n+0002dbd0: 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 st available vid\n+0002dbe0: 656f 206d 6f64 6573 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 eo modes.* wrmsr\n+0002dbf0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002dc00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 2076 Write v\n+0002dc10: 616c 7565 7320 746f 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 alues to model-s\n+0002dc20: 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 pecific register\n+0002dc30: 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e s....File: grub.\n+0002dc40: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 205b 2c20 info, Node: [, \n+0002dc50: 204e 6578 743a 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 Next: acpi, Up\n+0002dc60: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0002dc70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3120 ommands..17.4.1 \n+0002dc80: 5b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 [.--------.. -- \n+0002dc90: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 205b 2065 7870 7265 Command: [ expre\n+0002dca0: 7373 696f 6e20 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 ssion ]. Ali\n+0002dcb0: 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 7465 7374 2045 as for ...test E\n+0002dcc0: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4ee2 8099 2028 2a6e XPRESSION... (*n\n+0002dcd0: 6f74 6520 7465 7374 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a ote test::).....\n+0002dce0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002dcf0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 204e Node: acpi, N\n+0002dd00: 6578 743a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 ext: authenticat\n+0002dd10: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5b2c 2020 5570 e, Prev: [, Up\n+0002dd20: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0002dd30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3220 ommands..17.4.2 \n+0002dd40: 6163 7069 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d acpi.-----------\n+0002dd50: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 .. -- Command: a\n+0002dd60: 6370 6920 5b2d 317c 2d32 5d20 5b2d 2d65 cpi [-1|-2] [--e\n+0002dd70: 7863 6c75 6465 3d74 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e xclude=table1,..\n+0002dd80: 2e7c 2d2d 6c6f 6164 2d6f 6e6c 793d 7461 .|--load-only=ta\n+0002dd90: 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 ble1,...]. \n+0002dda0: 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6f 656d 6964 3d69 645d [--oemid=id]\n+0002ddb0: 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 3d74 6162 [--oemtable=tab\n+0002ddc0: 6c65 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 6572 le] [--oemtabler\n+0002ddd0: 6576 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ev=rev]. \n+0002dde0: 2020 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 6563 7265 [--oemtablecre\n+0002ddf0: 6174 6f72 3d63 7265 6174 6f72 5d20 5b2d ator=creator] [-\n+0002de00: 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 6563 7265 6174 6f72 -oemtablecreator\n+0002de10: 7265 763d 7265 765d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 rev=rev]. \n+0002de20: 2020 205b 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 615d 2066 [--no-ebda] f\n+0002de30: 696c 656e 616d 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 ilename .... \n+0002de40: 204d 6f64 6572 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 7973 Modern BIOS sys\n+0002de50: 7465 6d73 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 696d tems normally im\n+0002de60: 706c 656d 656e 7420 7468 6520 4164 7661 plement the Adva\n+0002de70: 6e63 6564 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 nced Configurati\n+0002de80: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 506f 7765 on. and Powe\n+0002de90: 7220 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 2841 4350 r Interface (ACP\n+0002dea0: 4929 2c20 616e 6420 6465 6669 6e65 2076 I), and define v\n+0002deb0: 6172 696f 7573 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7468 arious tables th\n+0002dec0: 6174 2064 6573 6372 6962 650a 2020 2020 at describe. \n+0002ded0: 2074 6865 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2062 the interface b\n+0002dee0: 6574 7765 656e 2061 6e20 4143 5049 2d63 etween an ACPI-c\n+0002def0: 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 206f 7065 7261 7469 ompliant operati\n+0002df00: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7468 ng system and th\n+0002df10: 650a 2020 2020 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e e. firmware.\n+0002df20: 2020 496e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 732c In some cases,\n+0002df30: 2074 6865 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7072 6f76 the tables prov\n+0002df40: 6964 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 ided by default \n+0002df50: 6f6e 6c79 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2077 only work. w\n+0002df60: 656c 6c20 7769 7468 2063 6572 7461 696e ell with certain\n+0002df70: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+0002df80: 6d73 2c20 616e 6420 6974 206d 6179 2062 ms, and it may b\n+0002df90: 6520 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 0a20 e necessary to. \n+0002dfa0: 2020 2020 7265 706c 6163 6520 736f 6d65 replace some\n+0002dfb0: 206f 6620 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 of them... \n+0002dfc0: 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6973 2063 Normally, this c\n+0002dfd0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 7265 706c ommand will repl\n+0002dfe0: 6163 6520 7468 6520 526f 6f74 2053 7973 ace the Root Sys\n+0002dff0: 7465 6d20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e0a tem Description.\n+0002e000: 2020 2020 2050 6f69 6e74 6572 2028 5253 Pointer (RS\n+0002e010: 4450 2920 696e 2074 6865 2045 7874 656e DP) in the Exten\n+0002e020: 6465 6420 4249 4f53 2044 6174 6120 4172 ded BIOS Data Ar\n+0002e030: 6561 2074 6f20 706f 696e 7420 746f 2074 ea to point to t\n+0002e040: 6865 206e 6577 0a20 2020 2020 7461 626c he new. tabl\n+0002e050: 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d es. If the ...-\n+0002e060: 2d6e 6f2d 6562 6461 e280 9920 6f70 7469 -no-ebda... opti\n+0002e070: 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 6520 on is used, the \n+0002e080: 6e65 7720 7461 626c 6573 2077 696c 6c20 new tables will \n+0002e090: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6f6e be. known on\n+0002e0a0: 6c79 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 ly to GRUB, but \n+0002e0b0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6279 2047 may be used by G\n+0002e0c0: 5255 4227 7320 4546 4920 656d 756c 6174 RUB's EFI emulat\n+0002e0d0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a ion... Note:\n+0002e0e0: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 The command is \n+0002e0f0: 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e not allowed when\n+0002e100: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 lockdown is enf\n+0002e110: 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 orced (*note. \n+0002e120: 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 Lockdown::). \n+0002e130: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 616e 2061 7474 Otherwise an att\n+0002e140: 6163 6b65 7220 6361 6e20 696e 7374 7275 acker can instru\n+0002e150: 6374 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 746f 206c ct the GRUB to l\n+0002e160: 6f61 640a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 5353 4454 oad. an SSDT\n+0002e170: 2074 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6f76 6572 7772 table to overwr\n+0002e180: 6974 6520 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206c ite the kernel l\n+0002e190: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ockdown configur\n+0002e1a0: 6174 696f 6e20 616e 640a 2020 2020 206c ation and. l\n+0002e1b0: 6174 6572 206c 6f61 6420 616e 6420 6578 ater load and ex\n+0002e1c0: 6563 7574 6520 756e 7369 676e 6564 2063 ecute unsigned c\n+0002e1d0: 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ode.....File: gr\n+0002e1e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002e1f0: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 204e authenticate, N\n+0002e200: 6578 743a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f ext: background_\n+0002e210: 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6163 color, Prev: ac\n+0002e220: 7069 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 pi, Up: Command\n+0002e230: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002e240: 3137 2e34 2e33 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 17.4.3 authentic\n+0002e250: 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ate.------------\n+0002e260: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002e270: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 mand: authentica\n+0002e280: 7465 205b 7573 6572 6c69 7374 5d0a 2020 te [userlist]. \n+0002e290: 2020 2043 6865 636b 2077 6865 7468 6572 Check whether\n+0002e2a0: 2075 7365 7220 6973 2069 6e20 5553 4552 user is in USER\n+0002e2b0: 4c49 5354 206f 7220 6c69 7374 6564 2069 LIST or listed i\n+0002e2c0: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 n the value of. \n+0002e2d0: 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 variable ...\n+0002e2e0: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 992e 2020 superusers.... \n+0002e2f0: 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 7065 7275 See *note superu\n+0002e300: 7365 7273 3a3a 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 sers:: for valid\n+0002e310: 2075 7365 7220 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 user list. \n+0002e320: 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2049 6620 e280 9873 format. If ...s\n+0002e330: 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2069 7320 uperusers... is \n+0002e340: 656d 7074 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d empty, this comm\n+0002e350: 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e 7320 7472 7565 and returns true\n+0002e360: 2e0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 .. *Note Sec\n+0002e370: 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 urity::.....File\n+0002e380: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002e390: 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 de: background_c\n+0002e3a0: 6f6c 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6163 olor, Next: bac\n+0002e3b0: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 kground_image, \n+0002e3c0: 5072 6576 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 Prev: authentica\n+0002e3d0: 7465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 te, Up: Command\n+0002e3e0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002e3f0: 3137 2e34 2e34 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 17.4.4 backgroun\n+0002e400: 645f 636f 6c6f 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d_color.--------\n+0002e410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0002e420: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 . -- Command: ba\n+0002e430: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2063 ckground_color c\n+0002e440: 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6261 olor. Set ba\n+0002e450: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 ckground color f\n+0002e460: 6f72 2061 6374 6976 6520 7465 726d 696e or active termin\n+0002e470: 616c 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 616c 6964 2063 al. For valid c\n+0002e480: 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 olor. specif\n+0002e490: 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2073 6565 202a 6e6f ications see *no\n+0002e4a0: 7465 2043 6f6c 6f72 733a 2054 6865 6d65 te Colors: Theme\n+0002e4b0: 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2042 file format. B\n+0002e4c0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2063 ackground. c\n+0002e4d0: 6f6c 6f72 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 616e olor can be chan\n+0002e4e0: 6765 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 7573 ged only when us\n+0002e4f0: 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 ing ...gfxterm..\n+0002e500: 9920 666f 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f . for terminal o\n+0002e510: 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 utput... Thi\n+0002e520: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7473 2063 s command sets c\n+0002e530: 6f6c 6f72 206f 6620 656d 7074 7920 6172 olor of empty ar\n+0002e540: 6561 7320 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7465 7874 eas without text\n+0002e550: 2e20 2054 6578 740a 2020 2020 2062 6163 . Text. bac\n+0002e560: 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 6973 kground color is\n+0002e570: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2065 controlled by e\n+0002e580: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0002e590: 626c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 434f 4c4f 525f bles. COLOR_\n+0002e5a0: 4e4f 524d 414c 2c20 434f 4c4f 525f 4849 NORMAL, COLOR_HI\n+0002e5b0: 4748 4c49 4748 542c 204d 454e 555f 434f GHLIGHT, MENU_CO\n+0002e5c0: 4c4f 525f 4e4f 524d 414c 2c0a 2020 2020 LOR_NORMAL,. \n+0002e5d0: 204d 454e 555f 434f 4c4f 525f 4849 4748 MENU_COLOR_HIGH\n+0002e5e0: 4c49 4748 542e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5370 LIGHT. *Note Sp\n+0002e5f0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+0002e600: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 733a 3a2e 0a0a t variables::...\n+0002e610: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002e620: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 o, Node: backgr\n+0002e630: 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 204e 6578 ound_image, Nex\n+0002e640: 743a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 t: badram, Prev\n+0002e650: 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c : background_col\n+0002e660: 6f72 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 or, Up: Command\n+0002e670: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002e680: 3137 2e34 2e35 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 17.4.5 backgroun\n+0002e690: 645f 696d 6167 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d_image.--------\n+0002e6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0002e6b0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 . -- Command: ba\n+0002e6c0: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 205b ckground_image [\n+0002e6d0: 5b2d 2d6d 6f64 6520 7374 7265 7463 687c [--mode stretch|\n+0002e6e0: 6e6f 726d 616c 5d20 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 normal] file]. \n+0002e6f0: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 Load backgrou\n+0002e700: 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2061 6374 nd image for act\n+0002e710: 6976 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2066 726f ive terminal fro\n+0002e720: 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2049 6d61 6765 2069 m FILE. Image i\n+0002e730: 730a 2020 2020 2073 7472 6574 6368 6564 s. stretched\n+0002e740: 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2075 7020 656e 7469 to fill up enti\n+0002e750: 7265 2073 6372 6565 6e20 756e 6c65 7373 re screen unless\n+0002e760: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d6d 6f64 option ...--mod\n+0002e770: 65e2 8099 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 e... ...normal..\n+0002e780: 990a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2e .. is given.\n+0002e790: 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6172 6775 6d65 Without argume\n+0002e7a0: 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7665 2063 7572 7265 nts remove curre\n+0002e7b0: 6e74 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6261 636b ntly loaded back\n+0002e7c0: 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 ground. imag\n+0002e7d0: 652e 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 e. Background i\n+0002e7e0: 6d61 6765 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 616e mage can be chan\n+0002e7f0: 6765 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 7573 ged only when us\n+0002e800: 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 ing ...gfxterm..\n+0002e810: 990a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 .. for termi\n+0002e820: 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nal output.....F\n+0002e830: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002e840: 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 Node: badram, \n+0002e850: 4e65 7874 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c Next: blocklist,\n+0002e860: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 Prev: backgrou\n+0002e870: 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 2055 703a 2043 nd_image, Up: C\n+0002e880: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0002e890: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 2062 6164 ands..17.4.6 bad\n+0002e8a0: 7261 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ram.------------\n+0002e8b0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002e8c0: 6261 6472 616d 2061 6464 722c 6d61 736b badram addr,mask\n+0002e8d0: 5b2c 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 6b2e 2e2e 5d0a [,addr,mask...].\n+0002e8e0: 2020 2020 2046 696c 7465 7220 6f75 7420 Filter out \n+0002e8f0: 6261 6420 5241 4d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 bad RAM... T\n+0002e900: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6e6f 7469 his command noti\n+0002e910: 6669 6573 2074 6865 206d 656d 6f72 7920 fies the memory \n+0002e920: 6d61 6e61 6765 7220 7468 6174 2073 7065 manager that spe\n+0002e930: 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e73 206f cified regions o\n+0002e940: 660a 2020 2020 2052 414d 206f 7567 6874 f. RAM ought\n+0002e950: 2074 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 6420 to be filtered \n+0002e960: 6f75 7420 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 6265 out (usually, be\n+0002e970: 6361 7573 6520 7468 6579 2772 6520 6461 cause they're da\n+0002e980: 6d61 6765 6429 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 maged).. Thi\n+0002e990: 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 6666 s remains in eff\n+0002e9a0: 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 6120 7061 796c ect after a payl\n+0002e9b0: 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2068 6173 2062 oad kernel has b\n+0002e9c0: 6565 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 790a 2020 een loaded by. \n+0002e9d0: 2020 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 GRUB, as long\n+0002e9e0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 206b as the loaded k\n+0002e9f0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f62 7461 696e 7320 6974 ernel obtains it\n+0002ea00: 7320 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2066 726f s memory map fro\n+0002ea10: 6d0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 422e 2020 4b65 m. GRUB. Ke\n+0002ea20: 726e 656c 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f rnels that suppo\n+0002ea30: 7274 2074 6869 7320 696e 636c 7564 6520 rt this include \n+0002ea40: 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c Linux, GNU Mach,\n+0002ea50: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c the. kernel\n+0002ea60: 206f 6620 4672 6565 4253 4420 616e 6420 of FreeBSD and \n+0002ea70: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c Multiboot kernel\n+0002ea80: 7320 696e 2067 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 s in general... \n+0002ea90: 2020 2020 5379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 7468 Syntax is th\n+0002eaa0: 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7072 6f76 6964 e same as provid\n+0002eab0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4d65 6d74 6573 ed by the Memtes\n+0002eac0: 7438 362b 2075 7469 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 t86+ utility. \n+0002ead0: 2020 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 6d65 (http://www.me\n+0002eae0: 6d74 6573 742e 6f72 672f 293a 2061 206c mtest.org/): a l\n+0002eaf0: 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6464 7265 7373 2f6d ist of address/m\n+0002eb00: 6173 6b20 7061 6972 732e 2020 4769 7665 ask pairs. Give\n+0002eb10: 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2070 6167 652d 616c n a. page-al\n+0002eb20: 6967 6e65 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e igned address an\n+0002eb30: 6420 6120 6261 7365 2061 6464 7265 7373 d a base address\n+0002eb40: 202f 206d 6173 6b20 7061 6972 2c20 6966 / mask pair, if\n+0002eb50: 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6269 all the. bi\n+0002eb60: 7473 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 6765 2d61 ts of the page-a\n+0002eb70: 6c69 676e 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2074 ligned address t\n+0002eb80: 6861 7420 6172 6520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 hat are enabled \n+0002eb90: 6279 2074 6865 206d 6173 6b20 6d61 7463 by the mask matc\n+0002eba0: 680a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 h. with the \n+0002ebb0: 6261 7365 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 base address, it\n+0002ebc0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6869 7320 7061 6765 means this page\n+0002ebd0: 2069 7320 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 is to be filter\n+0002ebe0: 6564 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2073 ed. This. s\n+0002ebf0: 796e 7461 7820 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 yntax makes it e\n+0002ec00: 6173 7920 746f 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 asy to represent\n+0002ec10: 2070 6174 7465 726e 7320 7468 6174 2061 patterns that a\n+0002ec20: 7265 206f 6674 656e 2072 6573 756c 7420 re often result \n+0002ec30: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6d6f 7279 2064 of. memory d\n+0002ec40: 616d 6167 652c 2064 7565 2074 6f20 7068 amage, due to ph\n+0002ec50: 7973 6963 616c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 ysical distribut\n+0002ec60: 696f 6e20 6f66 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6365 ion of memory ce\n+0002ec70: 6c6c 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 lls... The c\n+0002ec80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 ommand is simila\n+0002ec90: 7220 746f 20e2 8098 6375 746d 656d e280 r to ...cutmem..\n+0002eca0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 . command... \n+0002ecb0: 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 Note: The comma\n+0002ecc0: 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 nd is not allowe\n+0002ecd0: 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 d when lockdown \n+0002ece0: 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f is enforced (*no\n+0002ecf0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e te. Lockdown\n+0002ed00: 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2070 7265 7665 ::). This preve\n+0002ed10: 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7669 6e67 2045 4649 nts removing EFI\n+0002ed20: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 memory regions \n+0002ed30: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 6961 to. potentia\n+0002ed40: 6c6c 7920 7375 6276 6572 7420 7468 6520 lly subvert the \n+0002ed50: 7365 6375 7269 7479 206d 6563 6861 6e69 security mechani\n+0002ed60: 736d 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 sms provided by \n+0002ed70: 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a20 2020 2020 7365 the UEFI. se\n+0002ed80: 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 cure boot.....Fi\n+0002ed90: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002eda0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c Node: blocklist,\n+0002edb0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 Next: boot, P\n+0002edc0: 7265 763a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 5570 rev: badram, Up\n+0002edd0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0002ede0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3720 ommands..17.4.7 \n+0002edf0: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d blocklist.------\n+0002ee00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002ee10: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 Command: blockli\n+0002ee20: 7374 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2050 7269 st file. Pri\n+0002ee30: 6e74 2061 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 nt a block list \n+0002ee40: 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 (*note Block lis\n+0002ee50: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 t syntax::) for \n+0002ee60: 4649 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 FILE.....File: g\n+0002ee70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002ee80: 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6361 boot, Next: ca\n+0002ee90: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c t, Prev: blockl\n+0002eea0: 6973 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ist, Up: Comman\n+0002eeb0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0002eec0: 0a31 372e 342e 3820 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d .17.4.8 boot.---\n+0002eed0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002eee0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 mmand: boot. \n+0002eef0: 2042 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 4f53 206f 7220 Boot the OS or \n+0002ef00: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 2077 6869 chain-loader whi\n+0002ef10: 6368 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6c6f 6164 ch has been load\n+0002ef20: 6564 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6365 7373 ed. Only necess\n+0002ef30: 6172 790a 2020 2020 2069 6620 7275 6e6e ary. if runn\n+0002ef40: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6675 6c6c 7920 696e ing the fully in\n+0002ef50: 7465 7261 6374 6976 6520 636f 6d6d 616e teractive comman\n+0002ef60: 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 6974 2069 7320 696d d-line (it is im\n+0002ef70: 706c 6963 6974 2061 740a 2020 2020 2074 plicit at. t\n+0002ef80: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 he end of a menu\n+0002ef90: 2065 6e74 7279 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 entry).....File\n+0002efa0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002efb0: 6465 3a20 6361 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 de: cat, Next: \n+0002efc0: 636c 6561 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 626f clear, Prev: bo\n+0002efd0: 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ot, Up: Command\n+0002efe0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002eff0: 3137 2e34 2e39 2063 6174 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 17.4.9 cat.-----\n+0002f000: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002f010: 6e64 3a20 6361 7420 5b2d 2d64 6f73 5d20 nd: cat [--dos] \n+0002f020: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 file. Displa\n+0002f030: 7920 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f y the contents o\n+0002f040: 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 452e f the file FILE.\n+0002f050: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206d This command m\n+0002f060: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 ay be useful. \n+0002f070: 2020 746f 2072 656d 696e 6420 796f 7520 to remind you \n+0002f080: 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 4f53 2773 2072 6f6f of your OS's roo\n+0002f090: 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 t partition:.. \n+0002f0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6361 grub> ca\n+0002f0b0: 7420 2f65 7463 2f66 7374 6162 0a0a 2020 t /etc/fstab.. \n+0002f0c0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d64 If the ...--d\n+0002f0d0: 6f73 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 os... option is \n+0002f0e0: 7573 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2063 6172 7269 used, then carri\n+0002f0f0: 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e 202f 206e 6577 age return / new\n+0002f100: 206c 696e 650a 2020 2020 2070 6169 7273 line. pairs\n+0002f110: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 will be display\n+0002f120: 6564 2061 7320 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 206e ed as a simple n\n+0002f130: 6577 206c 696e 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 ew line. Otherw\n+0002f140: 6973 652c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6361 ise, the. ca\n+0002f150: 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7769 rriage return wi\n+0002f160: 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 ll be displayed \n+0002f170: 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2063 6861 as a control cha\n+0002f180: 7261 6374 6572 2028 e280 983c 643e e280 racter (.....\n+0002f190: 9929 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 .) to. make \n+0002f1a0: 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 2073 6565 it easier to see\n+0002f1b0: 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 2070 726f 626c when boot probl\n+0002f1c0: 656d 7320 6172 6520 6361 7573 6564 2062 ems are caused b\n+0002f1d0: 7920 6120 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 666f y a file. fo\n+0002f1e0: 726d 6174 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 444f rmatted using DO\n+0002f1f0: 532d 7374 796c 6520 6c69 6e65 2065 6e64 S-style line end\n+0002f200: 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 ings... Note\n+0002f210: 3a20 e280 9863 6174 e280 9920 6361 6e20 : ...cat... can \n+0002f220: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2076 6965 7720 be used to view \n+0002f230: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 the contents of \n+0002f240: 6465 7669 6365 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 devices using th\n+0002f250: 650a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 e. block lis\n+0002f260: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 t syntax (*note \n+0002f270: 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 Block list synta\n+0002f280: 783a 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 x::). However, \n+0002f290: 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2061 it is not. a\n+0002f2a0: 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7669 6577 2062 dvised to view b\n+0002f2b0: 696e 6172 7920 6461 7461 2062 6563 6175 inary data becau\n+0002f2c0: 7365 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 se it will try t\n+0002f2d0: 6f20 6465 636f 6465 2055 5446 2d38 0a20 o decode UTF-8. \n+0002f2e0: 2020 2020 7374 7269 6e67 732c 2077 6869 strings, whi\n+0002f2f0: 6368 2063 616e 206c 6561 6420 746f 2073 ch can lead to s\n+0002f300: 6f6d 6520 6279 7465 7320 6d69 7373 696e ome bytes missin\n+0002f310: 6720 6f72 2061 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 g or added in th\n+0002f320: 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 e. output. \n+0002f330: 496e 7374 6561 642c 2075 7365 2074 6865 Instead, use the\n+0002f340: 20e2 8098 6865 7864 756d 70e2 8099 2063 ...hexdump... c\n+0002f350: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 ommand (*note he\n+0002f360: 7864 756d 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c xdump::).....Fil\n+0002f370: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002f380: 6f64 653a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 204e 6578 ode: clear, Nex\n+0002f390: 743a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 2050 t: cmosclean, P\n+0002f3a0: 7265 763a 2063 6174 2c20 2055 703a 2043 rev: cat, Up: C\n+0002f3b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0002f3c0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3020 636c ands..17.4.10 cl\n+0002f3d0: 6561 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ear.------------\n+0002f3e0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002f3f0: 636c 6561 720a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 clear. Clear\n+0002f400: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a the screen.....\n+0002f410: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002f420: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 Node: cmosclea\n+0002f430: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 n, Next: cmosdu\n+0002f440: 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6c65 6172 mp, Prev: clear\n+0002f450: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002f460: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0002f470: 2e34 2e31 3120 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e0a .4.11 cmosclean.\n+0002f480: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002f490: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002f4a0: 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e20 6279 7465 3a62 cmosclean byte:b\n+0002f4b0: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 436c 6561 7220 7661 it. Clear va\n+0002f4c0: 6c75 6520 6f66 2062 6974 2069 6e20 434d lue of bit in CM\n+0002f4d0: 4f53 2061 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2042 OS at location B\n+0002f4e0: 5954 453a 4249 542e 2020 5468 6973 2063 YTE:BIT. This c\n+0002f4f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 ommand is. a\n+0002f500: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e vailable only on\n+0002f510: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 platforms that \n+0002f520: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f support CMOS....\n+0002f530: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002f540: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d , Node: cmosdum\n+0002f550: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 p, Next: cmoste\n+0002f560: 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7363 st, Prev: cmosc\n+0002f570: 6c65 616e 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 lean, Up: Comma\n+0002f580: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0002f590: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3220 636d 6f73 6475 ..17.4.12 cmosdu\n+0002f5a0: 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mp.-------------\n+0002f5b0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2044 756d 703a 2043 ---.. -- Dump: C\n+0002f5c0: 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 0a20 2020 MOS contents. \n+0002f5d0: 2020 4475 6d70 2066 756c 6c20 434d 4f53 Dump full CMOS\n+0002f5e0: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6173 2068 6578 contents as hex\n+0002f5f0: 6164 6563 696d 616c 2076 616c 7565 732e adecimal values.\n+0002f600: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 This command i\n+0002f610: 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s. available\n+0002f620: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 only on platfor\n+0002f630: 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 ms that support \n+0002f640: 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 CMOS.....File: g\n+0002f650: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002f660: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 cmostest, Next\n+0002f670: 3a20 636d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d : cmp, Prev: cm\n+0002f680: 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d osdump, Up: Com\n+0002f690: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0002f6a0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3320 636d 6f73 ds..17.4.13 cmos\n+0002f6b0: 7465 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d test.-----------\n+0002f6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002f6d0: 6e64 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2062 7974 nd: cmostest byt\n+0002f6e0: 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 e:bit. Test \n+0002f6f0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2062 6974 2069 6e20 value of bit in \n+0002f700: 434d 4f53 2061 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e CMOS at location\n+0002f710: 2042 5954 453a 4249 542e 2020 4578 6974 BYTE:BIT. Exit\n+0002f720: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 status is. \n+0002f730: 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6269 7420 6973 2073 zero if bit is s\n+0002f740: 6574 2c20 6e6f 6e20 7a65 726f 206f 7468 et, non zero oth\n+0002f750: 6572 7769 7365 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f erwise. This co\n+0002f760: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 mmand is availab\n+0002f770: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 le. only on \n+0002f780: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 platforms that s\n+0002f790: 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a upport CMOS.....\n+0002f7a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002f7b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 702c 2020 4e65 Node: cmp, Ne\n+0002f7c0: 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 xt: configfile, \n+0002f7d0: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c Prev: cmostest,\n+0002f7e0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002f7f0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002f800: 342e 3134 2063 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.14 cmp.-------\n+0002f810: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002f820: 643a 2063 6d70 205b 2d76 5d20 6669 6c65 d: cmp [-v] file\n+0002f830: 3120 6669 6c65 320a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 1 file2. Com\n+0002f840: 7061 7265 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 4649 pare the file FI\n+0002f850: 4c45 3120 7769 7468 2074 6865 2066 696c LE1 with the fil\n+0002f860: 6520 4649 4c45 322e 2020 4966 2074 6865 e FILE2. If the\n+0002f870: 7920 6172 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 6c79 y are completely\n+0002f880: 0a20 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 6361 6c2c . identical,\n+0002f890: 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 ...$?... will b\n+0002f8a0: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2030 2e20 204f 7468 e set to 0. Oth\n+0002f8b0: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2066 erwise, if the f\n+0002f8c0: 696c 6573 2061 7265 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 iles are not. \n+0002f8d0: 2020 6964 656e 7469 6361 6c2c 20e2 8098 identical, ...\n+0002f8e0: 243f e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 $?... will be se\n+0002f8f0: 7420 746f 2061 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f 2076 t to a nonzero v\n+0002f900: 616c 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 alue... By d\n+0002f910: 6566 6175 6c74 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2077 efault nothing w\n+0002f920: 696c 6c20 6265 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 ill be output. \n+0002f930: 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 If the ...-v... \n+0002f940: 6973 2075 7365 642c 2076 6572 626f 7365 is used, verbose\n+0002f950: 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 2069 7320 656e . mode is en\n+0002f960: 6162 6c65 642e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 abled. In this \n+0002f970: 6d6f 6465 2077 6865 6e20 7768 656e 2074 mode when when t\n+0002f980: 6865 2066 696c 6573 2064 6966 6665 7220 he files differ \n+0002f990: 696e 2073 697a 652c 0a20 2020 2020 7072 in size,. pr\n+0002f9a0: 696e 7420 7468 6520 7369 7a65 7320 6c69 int the sizes li\n+0002f9b0: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ke this:.. \n+0002f9c0: 2020 2020 4469 6666 6572 2069 6e20 7369 Differ in si\n+0002f9d0: 7a65 3a20 3078 3132 3334 205b 666f 6f5d ze: 0x1234 [foo]\n+0002f9e0: 2c20 3078 3433 3231 205b 6261 725d 0a0a , 0x4321 [bar]..\n+0002f9f0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 7369 7a65 If the size\n+0002fa00: 7320 6172 6520 6571 7561 6c20 6275 7420 s are equal but \n+0002fa10: 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 6174 2061 6e20 the bytes at an \n+0002fa20: 6f66 6673 6574 2064 6966 6665 722c 2074 offset differ, t\n+0002fa30: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 2074 hen. print t\n+0002fa40: 6865 2062 7974 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 he bytes like th\n+0002fa50: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 is:.. D\n+0002fa60: 6966 6665 7220 6174 2074 6865 206f 6666 iffer at the off\n+0002fa70: 7365 7420 3737 373a 2030 7862 6520 5b66 set 777: 0xbe [f\n+0002fa80: 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7865 6620 5b62 6172 5d0a oo], 0xef [bar].\n+0002fa90: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002faa0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 fo, Node: confi\n+0002fab0: 6766 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6370 gfile, Next: cp\n+0002fac0: 7569 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 702c uid, Prev: cmp,\n+0002fad0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002fae0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002faf0: 342e 3135 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 650a 4.15 configfile.\n+0002fb00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002fb10: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002fb20: 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 6669 6c65 configfile file\n+0002fb30: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2046 494c 4520 . Load FILE \n+0002fb40: 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 as a configurati\n+0002fb50: 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 2020 4966 2046 494c on file. If FIL\n+0002fb60: 4520 6465 6669 6e65 7320 616e 7920 6d65 E defines any me\n+0002fb70: 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 6965 732c nu. entries,\n+0002fb80: 2074 6865 6e20 7368 6f77 2061 206d 656e then show a men\n+0002fb90: 7520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 u containing the\n+0002fba0: 6d20 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 m immediately. \n+0002fbb0: 416e 790a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Any. environ\n+0002fbc0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 ment variable ch\n+0002fbd0: 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 2062 7920 7468 anges made by th\n+0002fbe0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 4649 e commands in FI\n+0002fbf0: 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 LE will not. \n+0002fc00: 2062 6520 7072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6166 be preserved af\n+0002fc10: 7465 7220 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c ter ...configfil\n+0002fc20: 65e2 8099 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2e0a 0a1f e... returns....\n+0002fc30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002fc40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 , Node: cpuid, \n+0002fc50: 204e 6578 743a 2063 7263 2c20 2050 7265 Next: crc, Pre\n+0002fc60: 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c 2020 v: configfile, \n+0002fc70: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002fc80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0002fc90: 3136 2063 7075 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 16 cpuid.-------\n+0002fca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002fcb0: 616e 643a 2063 7075 6964 205b 2d6c 5d20 and: cpuid [-l] \n+0002fcc0: 5b2d 705d 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 [-p]. Check \n+0002fcd0: 666f 7220 4350 5520 6665 6174 7572 6573 for CPU features\n+0002fce0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . This command \n+0002fcf0: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c is only availabl\n+0002fd00: 6520 6f6e 2078 3836 0a20 2020 2020 7379 e on x86. sy\n+0002fd10: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 stems... Wit\n+0002fd20: 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 206f h the ...-l... o\n+0002fd30: 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 ption, return tr\n+0002fd40: 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 ue if the CPU su\n+0002fd50: 7070 6f72 7473 206c 6f6e 6720 6d6f 6465 pports long mode\n+0002fd60: 0a20 2020 2020 2836 342d 6269 7429 2e0a . (64-bit)..\n+0002fd70: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 . With the .\n+0002fd80: 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 ..-p... option, \n+0002fd90: 7265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 return true if t\n+0002fda0: 6865 2043 5055 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 he CPU supports \n+0002fdb0: 5068 7973 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 4164 Physical. Ad\n+0002fdc0: 6472 6573 7320 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 dress Extension \n+0002fdd0: 2850 4145 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 (PAE)... If \n+0002fde0: 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 invoked without \n+0002fdf0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6869 7320 636f options, this co\n+0002fe00: 6d6d 616e 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 mmand currently \n+0002fe10: 6265 6861 7665 7320 6173 2069 6620 6974 behaves as if it\n+0002fe20: 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6420 6265 656e 2069 . had been i\n+0002fe30: 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d nvoked with ...-\n+0002fe40: 6ce2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 l.... This may \n+0002fe50: 6368 616e 6765 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 change in the fu\n+0002fe60: 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ture.....File: g\n+0002fe70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002fe80: 2063 7263 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7279 crc, Next: cry\n+0002fe90: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a ptomount, Prev:\n+0002fea0: 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d cpuid, Up: Com\n+0002feb0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0002fec0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3720 6372 630a ds..17.4.17 crc.\n+0002fed0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002fee0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6372 6320 6172 Command: crc ar\n+0002fef0: 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 g .... Alias\n+0002ff00: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 for ...hashsum \n+0002ff10: 2d2d 6861 7368 2063 7263 3332 2061 7267 --hash crc32 arg\n+0002ff20: 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f ....... See co\n+0002ff30: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d mmand ...hashsum\n+0002ff40: e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .... (*note \n+0002ff50: 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 hashsum::) for f\n+0002ff60: 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e ull description.\n+0002ff70: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002ff80: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 nfo, Node: cryp\n+0002ff90: 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 tomount, Next: \n+0002ffa0: 6375 746d 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 cutmem, Prev: c\n+0002ffb0: 7263 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 rc, Up: Command\n+0002ffc0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002ffd0: 3137 2e34 2e31 3820 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 17.4.18 cryptomo\n+0002ffe0: 756e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d unt.------------\n+0002fff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00030000: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e mand: cryptomoun\n+00030010: 7420 5b20 5b2d 7020 7061 7373 776f 7264 t [ [-p password\n+00030020: 5d20 7c20 5b2d 6b20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 ] | [-k keyfile \n+00030030: 5b2d 4f20 6b65 796f 6666 7365 745d 0a20 [-O keyoffset]. \n+00030040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d53 206b 6579 [-S key\n+00030050: 7369 7a65 5d20 5d20 5d20 5b2d 4820 6669 size] ] ] [-H fi\n+00030060: 6c65 5d20 6465 7669 6365 7c2d 7520 7575 le] device|-u uu\n+00030070: 6964 7c2d 617c 2d62 0a20 2020 2020 5365 id|-a|-b. Se\n+00030080: 7475 7020 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 656e tup access to en\n+00030090: 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 crypted device. \n+000300a0: 2041 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 7769 A passphrase wi\n+000300b0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 640a ll be requested.\n+000300c0: 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 interactive\n+000300d0: 6c79 2c20 6966 206e 6569 7468 6572 2074 ly, if neither t\n+000300e0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6e6f 7220 he ...-p... nor \n+000300f0: e280 982d 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ...-k... options\n+00030100: 2061 7265 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2054 6865 are given. The\n+00030110: 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 . option ...\n+00030120: 2d70 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 -p... can be use\n+00030130: 6420 746f 2073 7570 706c 7920 6120 7061 d to supply a pa\n+00030140: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2028 7573 6566 756c ssphrase (useful\n+00030150: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7363 7269 7074 for. script\n+00030160: 7329 2e20 2041 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 s). Alternative\n+00030170: 6c79 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 9920 ly the ...-k... \n+00030180: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 option can be us\n+00030190: 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2061 0a20 ed to supply a. \n+000301a0: 2020 2020 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7769 7468 keyfile with\n+000301b0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 options ...-O..\n+000301c0: 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d 53e2 8099 206f . and ...-S... o\n+000301d0: 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7375 7070 6c79 ptionally supply\n+000301e0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 0a20 ing the offset. \n+000301f0: 2020 2020 616e 6420 7369 7a65 2c20 7265 and size, re\n+00030200: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 6f66 2074 spectively, of t\n+00030210: 6865 206b 6579 2064 6174 6120 696e 2074 he key data in t\n+00030220: 6865 2067 6976 656e 206b 6579 2066 696c he given key fil\n+00030230: 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 e. The. ...\n+00030240: 2d48 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6361 -H... options ca\n+00030250: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 n be used to sup\n+00030260: 706c 7920 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 7420 ply cryptomount \n+00030270: 6261 636b 656e 6473 2077 6974 6820 616e backends with an\n+00030280: 0a20 2020 2020 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 . alternativ\n+00030290: 6520 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6520 2861 e header file (a\n+000302a0: 6b61 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 6865 6164 ka detached head\n+000302b0: 6572 292e 2020 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6261 er). Not all ba\n+000302c0: 636b 656e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 6861 7665 ckends. have\n+000302d0: 2068 6561 6465 7273 206e 6f72 2073 7570 headers nor sup\n+000302e0: 706f 7274 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 port alternative\n+000302f0: 2068 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 7320 2863 header files (c\n+00030300: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 urrently only. \n+00030310: 2020 204c 554b 5331 2061 6e64 204c 554b LUKS1 and LUK\n+00030320: 5332 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 6865 6d29 S2 support them)\n+00030330: 2e20 2041 7267 756d 656e 7420 4445 5649 . Argument DEVI\n+00030340: 4345 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 7370 CE configures sp\n+00030350: 6563 6966 6963 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 ecific. grub\n+00030360: 2064 6576 6963 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e device (*note N\n+00030370: 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e aming convention\n+00030380: 3a3a 293b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d ::); option ...-\n+00030390: 75e2 8099 2055 5549 440a 2020 2020 2063 u... UUID. c\n+000303a0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 6465 7669 6365 onfigures device\n+000303b0: 2077 6974 6820 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 with specified \n+000303c0: 5555 4944 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 UUID; option ...\n+000303d0: 2d61 e280 9920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 -a... configures\n+000303e0: 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7465 6374 all. detect\n+000303f0: 6564 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 ed encrypted dev\n+00030400: 6963 6573 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 ices; option ...\n+00030410: 2d62 e280 9920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 -b... configures\n+00030420: 2061 6c6c 2067 656c 690a 2020 2020 2063 all geli. c\n+00030430: 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 7320 7468 6174 2068 ontainers that h\n+00030440: 6176 6520 626f 6f74 2066 6c61 6720 7365 ave boot flag se\n+00030450: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2044 6576 6963 6573 t... Devices\n+00030460: 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 are not allowed\n+00030470: 2074 6f20 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 7320 to be given as \n+00030480: 6b65 7920 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7220 6173 key files nor as\n+00030490: 2064 6574 6163 6865 640a 2020 2020 2068 detached. h\n+000304a0: 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 732e 2020 486f eader files. Ho\n+000304b0: 7765 7665 722c 2074 6869 7320 6c69 6d69 wever, this limi\n+000304c0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 776f tation can be wo\n+000304d0: 726b 6564 2061 726f 756e 6420 6279 0a20 rked around by. \n+000304e0: 2020 2020 7573 696e 6720 626c 6f63 6b6c using blockl\n+000304f0: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2e20 2053 6f20 ist syntax. So \n+00030500: 666f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 e280 for instance, ..\n+00030510: 9828 6864 312c 6770 7432 29e2 8099 2063 .(hd1,gpt2)... c\n+00030520: 616e 206e 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 2075 an not be. u\n+00030530: 7365 642c 2062 7574 20e2 8098 2868 6431 sed, but ...(hd1\n+00030540: 2c67 7074 3229 302b e280 9920 7769 6c6c ,gpt2)0+... will\n+00030550: 2061 6368 6965 7665 2074 6865 2064 6573 achieve the des\n+00030560: 6972 6564 2072 6573 756c 742e 0a0a 2020 ired result... \n+00030570: 2020 2047 5255 4220 7375 706f 7274 7320 GRUB suports \n+00030580: 6465 7669 6365 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 devices encrypte\n+00030590: 6420 7573 696e 6720 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 d using LUKS, LU\n+000305a0: 4b53 3220 616e 6420 6765 6c69 2e20 204e KS2 and geli. N\n+000305b0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 6e65 ote. that ne\n+000305c0: 6365 7373 6172 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 cessary modules \n+000305d0: 284c 554b 532c 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 (LUKS, LUKS2 and\n+000305e0: 2047 454c 4929 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 GELI) have to b\n+000305f0: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 e loaded. ma\n+00030600: 6e75 616c 6c79 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 nually before th\n+00030610: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 is command can b\n+00030620: 6520 7573 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 204c 554b e used. For LUK\n+00030630: 5332 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 S2 only the. \n+00030640: 2050 424b 4446 3220 6b65 7920 6465 7269 PBKDF2 key deri\n+00030650: 7661 7469 6f6e 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 vation function \n+00030660: 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 6173 is supported, as\n+00030670: 2041 7267 6f6e 3220 6973 206e 6f74 2079 Argon2 is not y\n+00030680: 6574 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 et. supporte\n+00030690: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7563 6365 7373 d... Success\n+000306a0: 6675 6c6c 7920 6465 6372 7970 7465 6420 fully decrypted \n+000306b0: 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 disks are named \n+000306c0: 6173 2028 6372 7970 746f 5829 2061 6e64 as (cryptoX) and\n+000306d0: 2068 6176 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e63 7265 have. incre\n+000306e0: 6173 696e 6720 6e75 6d65 7261 7469 6f6e asing numeration\n+000306f0: 2073 7566 6669 7820 666f 7220 6561 6368 suffix for each\n+00030700: 206e 6577 2064 6563 7279 7074 6564 2064 new decrypted d\n+00030710: 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 isk. If the. \n+00030720: 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b encrypted disk\n+00030730: 2068 6f73 7473 2073 6f6d 6520 6869 6768 hosts some high\n+00030740: 6572 206c 6576 656c 206f 6620 6162 7374 er level of abst\n+00030750: 7261 6374 696f 6e20 286c 696b 6520 4c56 raction (like LV\n+00030760: 4d32 206f 720a 2020 2020 204d 4452 4149 M2 or. MDRAI\n+00030770: 4429 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6372 D) it will be cr\n+00030780: 6561 7465 6420 756e 6465 7220 6120 7365 eated under a se\n+00030790: 7061 7261 7465 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 parate device na\n+000307a0: 6d65 7370 6163 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 mespace in. \n+000307b0: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 addition to the \n+000307c0: 6372 7970 746f 6469 736b 206e 616d 6573 cryptodisk names\n+000307d0: 7061 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 pace... Supp\n+000307e0: 6f72 7420 666f 7220 706c 6169 6e20 656e ort for plain en\n+000307f0: 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 6520 2870 cryption mode (p\n+00030800: 6c61 696e 2064 6d2d 6372 7970 7429 2069 lain dm-crypt) i\n+00030810: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2076 6961 0a20 s provided via. \n+00030820: 2020 2020 7365 7061 7261 7465 20e2 8098 separate ...\n+00030830: 2a6e 6f74 6520 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 *note plainmount\n+00030840: 3a3a e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a ::... command...\n+00030850: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00030860: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6375 746d 656d o, Node: cutmem\n+00030870: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6174 652c 2020 , Next: date, \n+00030880: 5072 6576 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e Prev: cryptomoun\n+00030890: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n+000308a0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+000308b0: 372e 342e 3139 2063 7574 6d65 6d0a 2d2d 7.4.19 cutmem.--\n+000308c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+000308d0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7574 6d65 - Command: cutme\n+000308e0: 6d20 6672 6f6d 5b4b 7c4d 7c47 5d20 746f m from[K|M|G] to\n+000308f0: 5b4b 7c4d 7c47 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 656d [K|M|G]. Rem\n+00030900: 6f76 6520 616e 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 ove any memory r\n+00030910: 6567 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 7370 6563 6966 egions in specif\n+00030920: 6965 6420 7261 6e67 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 ied range... \n+00030930: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6e6f This command no\n+00030940: 7469 6669 6573 2074 6865 206d 656d 6f72 tifies the memor\n+00030950: 7920 6d61 6e61 6765 7220 7468 6174 2073 y manager that s\n+00030960: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e73 pecified regions\n+00030970: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2052 414d 206f 7567 of. RAM oug\n+00030980: 6874 2074 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 ht to be filtere\n+00030990: 6420 6f75 742e 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d d out. This rem\n+000309a0: 6169 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 ains in effect a\n+000309b0: 6674 6572 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 796c fter a. payl\n+000309c0: 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2068 6173 2062 oad kernel has b\n+000309d0: 6565 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 7920 4752 een loaded by GR\n+000309e0: 5542 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 UB, as long as t\n+000309f0: 6865 206c 6f61 6465 640a 2020 2020 206b he loaded. k\n+00030a00: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f62 7461 696e 7320 6974 ernel obtains it\n+00030a10: 7320 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2066 726f s memory map fro\n+00030a20: 6d20 4752 5542 2e20 4b65 726e 656c 7320 m GRUB. Kernels \n+00030a30: 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 6869 that support thi\n+00030a40: 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 204c s. include L\n+00030a50: 696e 7578 2c20 474e 5520 4d61 6368 2c20 inux, GNU Mach, \n+00030a60: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4672 the kernel of Fr\n+00030a70: 6565 4253 4420 616e 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 eeBSD and Multib\n+00030a80: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 oot. kernels\n+00030a90: 2069 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c2e 0a0a 2020 in general... \n+00030aa0: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 The command i\n+00030ab0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 8098 s similar to ...\n+00030ac0: 6261 6472 616d e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e badram... comman\n+00030ad0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 d... Note: T\n+00030ae0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f he command is no\n+00030af0: 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c t allowed when l\n+00030b00: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 ockdown is enfor\n+00030b10: 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ced (*note. \n+00030b20: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 Lockdown::). Th\n+00030b30: 6973 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f is prevents remo\n+00030b40: 7669 6e67 2045 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 ving EFI memory \n+00030b50: 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 regions to. \n+00030b60: 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c6c 7920 7375 6276 potentially subv\n+00030b70: 6572 7420 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 ert the security\n+00030b80: 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 7320 7072 6f76 mechanisms prov\n+00030b90: 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 5545 4649 ided by the UEFI\n+00030ba0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f . secure boo\n+00030bb0: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n+00030bc0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6461 .info, Node: da\n+00030bd0: 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6576 6963 te, Next: devic\n+00030be0: 6574 7265 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6375 etree, Prev: cu\n+00030bf0: 746d 656d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 tmem, Up: Comma\n+00030c00: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00030c10: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3020 6461 7465 0a2d ..17.4.20 date.-\n+00030c20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00030c30: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6461 7465 205b Command: date [\n+00030c40: 5b79 6561 722d 5d6d 6f6e 7468 2d64 6179 [year-]month-day\n+00030c50: 5d20 5b68 6f75 723a 6d69 6e75 7465 5b3a ] [hour:minute[:\n+00030c60: 7365 636f 6e64 5d5d 0a20 2020 2020 5769 second]]. Wi\n+00030c70: 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c th no arguments,\n+00030c80: 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 print the curre\n+00030c90: 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 6d65 nt date and time\n+00030ca0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 ... Otherwis\n+00030cb0: 652c 2074 616b 6520 7468 6520 6375 7272 e, take the curr\n+00030cc0: 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 2074 696d ent date and tim\n+00030cd0: 652c 2063 6861 6e67 6520 616e 7920 656c e, change any el\n+00030ce0: 656d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 ements. spec\n+00030cf0: 6966 6965 6420 6173 2061 7267 756d 656e ified as argumen\n+00030d00: 7473 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 ts, and set the \n+00030d10: 7265 7375 6c74 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e65 result as the ne\n+00030d20: 7720 6461 7465 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 w date and. \n+00030d30: 7469 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 time. For examp\n+00030d40: 6c65 2c20 2764 6174 6520 3031 2d30 3127 le, 'date 01-01'\n+00030d50: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 6375 will set the cu\n+00030d60: 7272 656e 7420 6d6f 6e74 6820 616e 6420 rrent month and \n+00030d70: 6461 790a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 4a61 6e75 day. to Janu\n+00030d80: 6172 7920 312c 2062 7574 206c 6561 7665 ary 1, but leave\n+00030d90: 2074 6865 2079 6561 722c 2068 6f75 722c the year, hour,\n+00030da0: 206d 696e 7574 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6563 minute, and sec\n+00030db0: 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6861 6e67 ond. unchang\n+00030dc0: 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ed.....File: gru\n+00030dd0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 b.info, Node: d\n+00030de0: 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 4e65 7874 evicetree, Next\n+00030df0: 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 2c20 2050 7265 : distrust, Pre\n+00030e00: 763a 2064 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: date, Up: Co\n+00030e10: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00030e20: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3231 2064 6576 nds..17.4.21 dev\n+00030e30: 6963 6574 7265 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d icetree.--------\n+00030e40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00030e50: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6576 6963 6574 Command: devicet\n+00030e60: 7265 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f ree file. Lo\n+00030e70: 6164 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 7472 6565 ad a device tree\n+00030e80: 2062 6c6f 6220 282e 6474 6229 2066 726f blob (.dtb) fro\n+00030e90: 6d20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 m a filesystem, \n+00030ea0: 666f 7220 6c61 7465 7220 7573 6520 6279 for later use by\n+00030eb0: 0a20 2020 2020 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 . a Linux ke\n+00030ec0: 726e 656c 2e20 2044 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 rnel. Does not \n+00030ed0: 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 6d65 7267 696e 6720 perform merging \n+00030ee0: 7769 7468 2061 6e79 2064 6576 6963 6520 with any device \n+00030ef0: 7472 6565 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6c69 tree. suppli\n+00030f00: 6564 2062 7920 6669 726d 7761 7265 2c20 ed by firmware, \n+00030f10: 6275 7420 7261 7468 6572 2072 6570 6c61 but rather repla\n+00030f20: 6365 7320 6974 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c ces it completel\n+00030f30: 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 y... Note: T\n+00030f40: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f he command is no\n+00030f50: 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c t allowed when l\n+00030f60: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 ockdown is enfor\n+00030f70: 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ced (*note. \n+00030f80: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 Lockdown::). Th\n+00030f90: 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 7072 is is done to pr\n+00030fa0: 6576 656e 7420 7375 6276 6572 7469 6e67 event subverting\n+00030fb0: 2076 6172 696f 7573 2073 6563 7572 6974 various securit\n+00030fc0: 790a 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d y. mechanism\n+00030fd0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00030fe0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6469 .info, Node: di\n+00030ff0: 7374 7275 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 strust, Next: d\n+00031000: 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 rivemap, Prev: \n+00031010: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2055 703a devicetree, Up:\n+00031020: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00031030: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3220 mmands..17.4.22 \n+00031040: 6469 7374 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d distrust.-------\n+00031050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00031060: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 ommand: distrust\n+00031070: 2070 7562 6b65 795f 6964 0a20 2020 2020 pubkey_id. \n+00031080: 5265 6d6f 7665 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 Remove public ke\n+00031090: 7920 5055 424b 4559 5f49 4420 6672 6f6d y PUBKEY_ID from\n+000310a0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 6b65 7972 696e 6720 GRUB's keyring \n+000310b0: 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 732e of trusted keys.\n+000310c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5055 424b 4559 5f49 4420 . PUBKEY_ID \n+000310d0: 6973 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 666f 7572 is the last four\n+000310e0: 2062 7974 6573 2028 6569 6768 7420 6865 bytes (eight he\n+000310f0: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 xadecimal digits\n+00031100: 2920 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4750 ) of the. GP\n+00031110: 4720 7634 206b 6579 2069 642c 2077 6869 G v4 key id, whi\n+00031120: 6368 2069 7320 616c 736f 2074 6865 206f ch is also the o\n+00031130: 7574 7075 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 6c69 7374 utput of ...list\n+00031140: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 e280 9920 282a 6e6f _trusted... (*no\n+00031150: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 te. list_tru\n+00031160: 7374 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 4f75 7473 6964 sted::). Outsid\n+00031170: 6520 6f66 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 206b e of GRUB, the k\n+00031180: 6579 2069 6420 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6274 ey id can be obt\n+00031190: 6169 6e65 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 ained using. \n+000311a0: 20e2 8098 6770 6720 2d2d 6669 6e67 6572 ...gpg --finger\n+000311b0: 7072 696e 74e2 8099 292e 2020 5468 6573 print...). Thes\n+000311c0: 6520 6b65 7973 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 e keys are used \n+000311d0: 746f 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 7369 676e to validate sign\n+000311e0: 6174 7572 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e atures. when\n+000311f0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00031200: 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 iable ...check_s\n+00031210: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 ignatures... is \n+00031220: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 set to ...enforc\n+00031230: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 e.... (*note\n+00031240: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n+00031250: 733a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2073 6f6d s::), and by som\n+00031260: 6520 696e 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 e invocations of\n+00031270: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9876 6572 6966 795f . ...verify_\n+00031280: 6465 7461 6368 6564 e280 9920 282a 6e6f detached... (*no\n+00031290: 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 te verify_detach\n+000312a0: 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 ed::). *Note Us\n+000312b0: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 2020 2020 ing digital. \n+000312c0: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 signatures::, f\n+000312d0: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more informat\n+000312e0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+000312f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00031300: 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a drivemap, Next:\n+00031310: 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6469 echo, Prev: di\n+00031320: 7374 7275 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d strust, Up: Com\n+00031330: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00031340: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3320 6472 6976 ds..17.4.23 driv\n+00031350: 656d 6170 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d emap.-----------\n+00031360: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00031370: 6e64 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 6c7c nd: drivemap -l|\n+00031380: 2d72 7c5b 2d73 5d20 6672 6f6d 5f64 7269 -r|[-s] from_dri\n+00031390: 7665 2074 6f5f 6472 6976 650a 2020 2020 ve to_drive. \n+000313a0: 2057 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 Without options\n+000313b0: 2c20 6d61 7020 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 , map the drive \n+000313c0: 4652 4f4d 5f44 5249 5645 2074 6f20 7468 FROM_DRIVE to th\n+000313d0: 6520 6472 6976 6520 544f 5f44 5249 5645 e drive TO_DRIVE\n+000313e0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e .. This is n\n+000313f0: 6563 6573 7361 7279 2077 6865 6e20 796f ecessary when yo\n+00031400: 7520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2073 6f6d u chain-load som\n+00031410: 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 e operating syst\n+00031420: 656d 732c 2073 7563 680a 2020 2020 2061 ems, such. a\n+00031430: 7320 444f 532c 2069 6620 7375 6368 2061 s DOS, if such a\n+00031440: 6e20 4f53 2072 6573 6964 6573 2061 7420 n OS resides at \n+00031450: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6472 6976 a non-first driv\n+00031460: 652e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e e. For. con\n+00031470: 7665 6e69 656e 6365 2c20 616e 7920 7061 venience, any pa\n+00031480: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7375 6666 6978 206f rtition suffix o\n+00031490: 6e20 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6973 2069 n the drive is i\n+000314a0: 676e 6f72 6564 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 0a20 gnored, so you. \n+000314b0: 2020 2020 6361 6e20 7361 6665 6c79 2075 can safely u\n+000314c0: 7365 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2061 7320 6120 se ${root} as a \n+000314d0: 6472 6976 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 drive specificat\n+000314e0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 ion... With \n+000314f0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 73e2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-s... opt\n+00031500: 696f 6e2c 2070 6572 666f 726d 2074 6865 ion, perform the\n+00031510: 2072 6576 6572 7365 206d 6170 7069 6e67 reverse mapping\n+00031520: 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2c20 7377 6170 7069 as well, swappi\n+00031530: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7477 6f20 ng. the two \n+00031540: 6472 6976 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 drives... Wi\n+00031550: 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 9920 th the ...-l... \n+00031560: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 option, list the\n+00031570: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206d 6170 7069 6e67 current mapping\n+00031580: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 s... With th\n+00031590: 6520 e280 982d 72e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-r... optio\n+000315a0: 6e2c 2072 6573 6574 2061 6c6c 206d 6170 n, reset all map\n+000315b0: 7069 6e67 7320 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 pings to the def\n+000315c0: 6175 6c74 2076 616c 7565 732e 0a0a 2020 ault values... \n+000315d0: 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a For example:.\n+000315e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7269 7665 . drive\n+000315f0: 6d61 7020 2d73 2028 6864 3029 2028 6864 map -s (hd0) (hd\n+00031600: 3129 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 4f54 453a 204f 1).. NOTE: O\n+00031610: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e nly available on\n+00031620: 2069 3338 362d 7063 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c i386-pc.....Fil\n+00031630: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00031640: 6f64 653a 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: echo, Next\n+00031650: 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652c 2020 : efitextmode, \n+00031660: 5072 6576 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 Prev: drivemap, \n+00031670: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00031680: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00031690: 2e32 3420 6563 686f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .24 echo.-------\n+000316a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+000316b0: 6e64 3a20 6563 686f 205b 2d6e 5d20 5b2d nd: echo [-n] [-\n+000316c0: 655d 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 e] string .... \n+000316d0: 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2072 Display the r\n+000316e0: 6571 7565 7374 6564 2074 6578 7420 616e equested text an\n+000316f0: 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 6520 e280 d, unless the ..\n+00031700: 982d 6ee2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 .-n... option is\n+00031710: 2075 7365 642c 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7472 used, a. tr\n+00031720: 6169 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e ailing new line.\n+00031730: 2020 4966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6d6f If there is mo\n+00031740: 7265 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 7374 7269 re than one stri\n+00031750: 6e67 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 ng, they are. \n+00031760: 2020 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 separated by s\n+00031770: 7061 6365 7320 696e 2074 6865 206f 7574 paces in the out\n+00031780: 7075 742e 2020 4173 2075 7375 616c 2069 put. As usual i\n+00031790: 6e20 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c n GRUB commands,\n+000317a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 . variables \n+000317b0: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7562 7374 6974 7574 may be substitut\n+000317c0: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 247b 7661 ed using ...${va\n+000317d0: 727d e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 r}...... The\n+000317e0: 20e2 8098 2d65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-e... option\n+000317f0: 2065 6e61 626c 6573 2069 6e74 6572 7072 enables interpr\n+00031800: 6574 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2062 6163 6b73 etation of backs\n+00031810: 6c61 7368 2065 7363 6170 6573 2e20 2054 lash escapes. T\n+00031820: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e he. followin\n+00031830: 6720 7365 7175 656e 6365 7320 6172 6520 g sequences are \n+00031840: 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 recognised:.. \n+00031850: 2020 e280 985c 5ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ...\\\\.... \n+00031860: 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 0a0a backslash..\n+00031870: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c61 e280 990a 2020 ...\\a.... \n+00031880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 616c 6572 7420 2842 alert (B\n+00031890: 454c 290a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 63e2 EL).. ...\\c.\n+000318a0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7570 ... sup\n+000318b0: 7072 6573 7320 7472 6169 6c69 6e67 206e press trailing n\n+000318c0: 6577 206c 696e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ew line.. ..\n+000318d0: 985c 66e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .\\f.... \n+000318e0: 2066 6f72 6d20 6665 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 form feed.. \n+000318f0: 20e2 8098 5c6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ...\\n.... \n+00031900: 2020 2020 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 new line.. \n+00031910: 2020 20e2 8098 5c72 e280 990a 2020 2020 ...\\r.... \n+00031920: 2020 2020 2020 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 carriage r\n+00031930: 6574 7572 6e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c eturn.. ...\\\n+00031940: 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 t.... h\n+00031950: 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 orizontal tab.. \n+00031960: 2020 2020 e280 985c 76e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...\\v.... \n+00031970: 2020 2020 2020 2076 6572 7469 6361 6c20 vertical \n+00031980: 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2069 tab.. When i\n+00031990: 6e74 6572 7072 6574 696e 6720 6261 636b nterpreting back\n+000319a0: 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 7065 732c 2062 slash escapes, b\n+000319b0: 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 ackslash followe\n+000319c0: 6420 6279 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 d by any. ot\n+000319d0: 6865 7220 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 7769 her character wi\n+000319e0: 6c6c 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6368 ll print that ch\n+000319f0: 6172 6163 7465 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 aracter.....File\n+00031a00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00031a10: 6465 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652c de: efitextmode,\n+00031a20: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 2050 Next: eval, P\n+00031a30: 7265 763a 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: echo, Up: \n+00031a40: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00031a50: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3235 2065 mands..17.4.25 e\n+00031a60: 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d fitextmode.-----\n+00031a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00031a80: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 6669 -- Command: efi\n+00031a90: 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 205b 6d69 6e20 7c20 textmode [min | \n+00031aa0: 6d61 7820 7c20 3c6d 6f64 655f 6e75 6d3e max | \n+00031ab0: 207c 203c 636f 6c73 3e20 3c72 6f77 733e | \n+00031ac0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 6564 ]. When used\n+00031ad0: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e with no argumen\n+00031ae0: 7473 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 616c 6c20 ts displays all \n+00031af0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7465 7874 206f available text o\n+00031b00: 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6573 utput. modes\n+00031b10: 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6574 206d 6f64 6520 . The set mode \n+00031b20: 6465 7465 726d 696e 6573 2074 6865 2063 determines the c\n+00031b30: 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 olumns and rows \n+00031b40: 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 of the text. \n+00031b50: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2077 6865 6e20 696e display when in\n+00031b60: 2074 6578 7420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2041 6e20 text mode. An \n+00031b70: 6173 7465 7269 736b 2c20 e280 982a e280 asterisk, ...*..\n+00031b80: 992c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 7420 7468 ., will be at th\n+00031b90: 6520 656e 6420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 e end of. th\n+00031ba0: 6520 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 e line of the cu\n+00031bb0: 7272 656e 746c 7920 7365 7420 6d6f 6465 rrently set mode\n+00031bc0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 6976 656e ... If given\n+00031bd0: 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 7061 7261 6d65 a single parame\n+00031be0: 7465 722c 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 ter, it must be \n+00031bf0: e280 986d 696e e280 992c 20e2 8098 6d61 ...min..., ...ma\n+00031c00: 78e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 650a x..., or a mode.\n+00031c10: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 6769 7665 number give\n+00031c20: 6e20 6279 2074 6865 206c 6973 7469 6e67 n by the listing\n+00031c30: 2077 6865 6e20 7275 6e20 7769 7468 206e when run with n\n+00031c40: 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732e 2020 5468 o arguments. Th\n+00031c50: 6573 650a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e ese. argumen\n+00031c60: 7473 2073 6574 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 ts set the mode \n+00031c70: 746f 2074 6865 206d 696e 696d 756d 2c20 to the minimum, \n+00031c80: 6d61 7869 6d75 6d2c 2061 6e64 2070 6172 maximum, and par\n+00031c90: 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 ticular mode. \n+00031ca0: 2020 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a respectively..\n+00031cb0: 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c . Otherwise,\n+00031cc0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206d 7573 the command mus\n+00031cd0: 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 2074 776f 206e t be given two n\n+00031ce0: 756d 6572 6963 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e umerical argumen\n+00031cf0: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 ts. specifyi\n+00031d00: 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 ng the columns a\n+00031d10: 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2064 nd rows of the d\n+00031d20: 6573 6972 6564 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5370 esired mode. Sp\n+00031d30: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 ecifying a. \n+00031d40: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n+00031d50: 2063 6f6d 6269 6e61 7469 6f6e 2074 6861 combination tha\n+00031d60: 7420 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f t corresponds to\n+00031d70: 206e 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6d6f no supported mo\n+00031d80: 6465 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7265 de,. will re\n+00031d90: 7475 726e 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 6275 7420 turn error, but \n+00031da0: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6861 7665 206e otherwise have n\n+00031db0: 6f20 6566 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 o effect... \n+00031dc0: 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2047 5255 4220 By default GRUB \n+00031dd0: 7769 6c6c 2073 7461 7274 2069 6e20 7768 will start in wh\n+00031de0: 6174 6576 6572 206d 6f64 6520 7468 6520 atever mode the \n+00031df0: 4546 4920 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a20 2020 EFI firmware. \n+00031e00: 2020 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f2e 2020 defaults to. \n+00031e10: 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6669 726d 7761 There are firmwa\n+00031e20: 7265 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2073 6574 res known to set\n+00031e30: 2075 7020 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 up the default \n+00031e40: 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 2074 mode. such t\n+00031e50: 6861 7420 6f75 7470 7574 2062 6568 6176 hat output behav\n+00031e60: 6573 2073 7472 616e 6765 6c79 2c20 666f es strangely, fo\n+00031e70: 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 7468 6520 6375 r example the cu\n+00031e80: 7273 6f72 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 rsor in the. \n+00031e90: 2047 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 6e65 7665 GRUB shell neve\n+00031ea0: 7220 7265 6163 6865 7320 7468 6520 626f r reaches the bo\n+00031eb0: 7474 6f6d 206f 6620 7468 6520 7363 7265 ttom of the scre\n+00031ec0: 656e 206f 722c 2077 6865 6e20 7479 7069 en or, when typi\n+00031ed0: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6172 6163 7465 ng. characte\n+00031ee0: 7273 2061 7420 7468 6520 7072 6f6d 7074 rs at the prompt\n+00031ef0: 2c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2066 726f , characters fro\n+00031f00: 6d20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2063 6f6d 6d61 m previous comma\n+00031f10: 6e64 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 2061 nd output. a\n+00031f20: 7265 206f 7665 7277 7269 7474 656e 2e20 re overwritten. \n+00031f30: 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 Setting the mod\n+00031f40: 6520 6d61 7920 6669 7820 7468 6973 2e0a e may fix this..\n+00031f50: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 4546 4920 7370 . The EFI sp\n+00031f60: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7361 7973 ecification says\n+00031f70: 2074 6861 7420 6d6f 6465 2030 206d 7573 that mode 0 mus\n+00031f80: 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 t be available a\n+00031f90: 6e64 2068 6176 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c nd have. col\n+00031fa0: 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 umns and rows of\n+00031fb0: 2038 3020 616e 6420 3235 2072 6573 7065 80 and 25 respe\n+00031fc0: 6374 6976 656c 792e 2020 4d6f 6465 2031 ctively. Mode 1\n+00031fd0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6465 6669 6e65 640a may be defined.\n+00031fe0: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2069 6620 736f 206d and if so m\n+00031ff0: 7573 7420 6861 7665 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 ust have columns\n+00032000: 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2038 3020 and rows of 80 \n+00032010: 616e 6420 3530 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 and 50 respectiv\n+00032020: 656c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 416e 7920 6f74 ely.. Any ot\n+00032030: 6865 7220 6d6f 6465 7320 6d61 7920 6861 her modes may ha\n+00032040: 7665 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 ve columns and r\n+00032050: 6f77 7320 6172 6269 7472 6172 696c 7920 ows arbitrarily \n+00032060: 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 defined by. \n+00032070: 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2054 the firmware. T\n+00032080: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2061 his means that a\n+00032090: 206d 6f64 6520 7769 7468 2063 6f6c 756d mode with colum\n+000320a0: 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2031 ns and rows of 1\n+000320b0: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 3331 206f 00. and 31 o\n+000320c0: 6e20 6f6e 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 206d n one firmware m\n+000320d0: 6179 2062 6520 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e ay be a differen\n+000320e0: 7420 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f6e t mode number on\n+000320f0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6666 6572 656e a. differen\n+00032100: 7420 6669 726d 7761 7265 206f 7220 6e6f t firmware or no\n+00032110: 7420 6578 6973 7420 6174 2061 6c6c 2e20 t exist at all. \n+00032120: 204c 696b 6577 6973 652c 206d 6f64 6520 Likewise, mode \n+00032130: 6e75 6d62 6572 2032 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 number 2 on. \n+00032140: 206f 6e65 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6d61 one firmware ma\n+00032150: 7920 6861 7665 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 y have a differe\n+00032160: 6e74 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c nt number of col\n+00032170: 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 7468 umns and rows th\n+00032180: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 2032 206f an. mode 2 o\n+00032190: 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6669 n a different fi\n+000321a0: 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2053 6f20 6f6e 6520 rmware. So one \n+000321b0: 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2072 656c 7920 should not rely \n+000321c0: 6f6e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6963 on a. partic\n+000321d0: 756c 6172 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 ular mode number\n+000321e0: 206f 7220 6120 6d6f 6465 206f 6620 6120 or a mode of a \n+000321f0: 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f certain number o\n+00032200: 6620 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 640a 2020 f columns and. \n+00032210: 2020 2072 6f77 7320 6578 6973 7469 6e67 rows existing\n+00032220: 206f 6e20 616c 6c20 6669 726d 7761 7265 on all firmware\n+00032230: 732c 2065 7863 6570 7420 666f 7220 6d6f s, except for mo\n+00032240: 6465 2030 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 de 0... Note\n+00032250: 3a20 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 : This command i\n+00032260: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n+00032270: 206f 6e20 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d on EFI platform\n+00032280: 7320 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7369 s and is. si\n+00032290: 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2045 4649 2073 6865 milar to EFI she\n+000322a0: 6c6c 2022 6d6f 6465 2220 636f 6d6d 616e ll \"mode\" comman\n+000322b0: 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 d.....File: grub\n+000322c0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6576 .info, Node: ev\n+000322d0: 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 7870 6f72 al, Next: expor\n+000322e0: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6566 6974 6578 t, Prev: efitex\n+000322f0: 746d 6f64 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d tmode, Up: Comm\n+00032300: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00032310: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3236 2065 7661 6c0a s..17.4.26 eval.\n+00032320: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00032330: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 7661 6c20 - Command: eval \n+00032340: 7374 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 string .... \n+00032350: 436f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6520 6172 6775 Concatenate argu\n+00032360: 6d65 6e74 7320 746f 6765 7468 6572 2075 ments together u\n+00032370: 7369 6e67 2073 696e 676c 6520 7370 6163 sing single spac\n+00032380: 6520 6173 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2061 e as separator a\n+00032390: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6576 616c 7561 7465 nd. evaluate\n+000323a0: 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 2073 6571 7565 result as seque\n+000323b0: 6e63 6520 6f66 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d nce of GRUB comm\n+000323c0: 616e 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ands.....File: g\n+000323d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000323e0: 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 export, Next: \n+000323f0: 6661 6c73 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6576 false, Prev: ev\n+00032400: 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 al, Up: Command\n+00032410: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00032420: 3137 2e34 2e32 3720 6578 706f 7274 0a2d 17.4.27 export.-\n+00032430: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00032440: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6578 706f -- Command: expo\n+00032450: 7274 2065 6e76 7661 720a 2020 2020 2045 rt envvar. E\n+00032460: 7870 6f72 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f xport the enviro\n+00032470: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 nment variable E\n+00032480: 4e56 5641 522e 2020 4578 706f 7274 6564 NVVAR. Exported\n+00032490: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7265 0a20 variables are. \n+000324a0: 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 746f 2073 visible to s\n+000324b0: 7562 7369 6469 6172 7920 636f 6e66 6967 ubsidiary config\n+000324c0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 6c6f uration files lo\n+000324d0: 6164 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 aded using. \n+000324e0: e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ...configfile...\n+000324f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00032500: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 616c info, Node: fal\n+00032510: 7365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 7773 6574 se, Next: fwset\n+00032520: 7570 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 7870 6f72 up, Prev: expor\n+00032530: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n+00032540: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00032550: 372e 342e 3238 2066 616c 7365 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.28 false.---\n+00032560: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00032570: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2066 616c 7365 0a20 Command: false. \n+00032580: 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 Do nothing, \n+00032590: 756e 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 unsuccessfully. \n+000325a0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 This is mainly \n+000325b0: 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f useful in contro\n+000325c0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 l. construct\n+000325d0: 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9869 66e2 s such as ...if.\n+000325e0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 .. and ...while.\n+000325f0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d .. (*note Shell-\n+00032600: 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a like scripting::\n+00032610: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00032620: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6677 .info, Node: fw\n+00032630: 7365 7475 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6764 setup, Next: gd\n+00032640: 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6661 binfo, Prev: fa\n+00032650: 6c73 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e lse, Up: Comman\n+00032660: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00032670: 0a31 372e 342e 3239 2066 7773 6574 7570 .17.4.29 fwsetup\n+00032680: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00032690: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2066 .. -- Command: f\n+000326a0: 7773 6574 7570 205b 2d2d 6973 2d73 7570 wsetup [--is-sup\n+000326b0: 706f 7274 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6562 ported]. Reb\n+000326c0: 6f6f 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2066 6972 oot into the fir\n+000326d0: 6d77 6172 6520 7365 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 mware setup menu\n+000326e0: 2e20 2049 6620 e280 982d 2d69 732d 7375 . If ...--is-su\n+000326f0: 7070 6f72 7465 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f pported... optio\n+00032700: 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 n is. specif\n+00032710: 6965 642c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2063 6865 ied, instead che\n+00032720: 636b 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 6865 2066 ck whether the f\n+00032730: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 irmware supports\n+00032740: 2061 2073 6574 7570 206d 656e 750a 2020 a setup menu. \n+00032750: 2020 2061 6e64 2065 7869 7420 7375 6363 and exit succ\n+00032760: 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2069 6620 736f 2e0a essfully if so..\n+00032770: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00032780: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6462 696e fo, Node: gdbin\n+00032790: 666f 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6574 7465 fo, Next: gette\n+000327a0: 7874 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 7773 6574 xt, Prev: fwset\n+000327b0: 7570 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 up, Up: Command\n+000327c0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+000327d0: 3137 2e34 2e33 3020 6764 6269 6e66 6f0a 17.4.30 gdbinfo.\n+000327e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000327f0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6764 . -- Command: gd\n+00032800: 6269 6e66 6f0a 2020 2020 204f 7574 7075 binfo. Outpu\n+00032810: 7420 7465 7874 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 t text to be use\n+00032820: 6420 6173 2061 2047 4442 2063 6f6d 6d61 d as a GDB comma\n+00032830: 6e64 2066 6f72 2061 2047 4442 2073 6573 nd for a GDB ses\n+00032840: 7369 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 sion using the. \n+00032850: 2020 2020 6764 625f 6772 7562 2073 6372 gdb_grub scr\n+00032860: 6970 7420 616e 6420 6174 7461 6368 6564 ipt and attached\n+00032870: 2074 6f20 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 4752 to a running GR\n+00032880: 5542 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652e 2020 5468 UB instance. Th\n+00032890: 6520 4744 420a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 e GDB. comma\n+000328a0: 6e64 2074 6861 7420 6973 206f 7574 7075 nd that is outpu\n+000328b0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 656c 6c20 4744 4220 t will tell GDB \n+000328c0: 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6465 6275 how to load debu\n+000328d0: 6767 696e 6720 7379 6d62 6f6c 730a 2020 gging symbols. \n+000328e0: 2020 2074 6f20 7468 6569 7220 7072 6f70 to their prop\n+000328f0: 6572 2072 756e 7469 6d65 2061 6464 7265 er runtime addre\n+00032900: 7373 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 ss. Currently t\n+00032910: 6869 7320 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 his is only avai\n+00032920: 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2045 lable. for E\n+00032930: 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2053 FI platforms. S\n+00032940: 6565 2074 6865 2044 6562 7567 6769 6e67 ee the Debugging\n+00032950: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 in the develope\n+00032960: 720a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 r. documenta\n+00032970: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e tion for more in\n+00032980: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 formation.....Fi\n+00032990: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000329a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 Node: gettext, \n+000329b0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 Next: gptsync, \n+000329c0: 5072 6576 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 Prev: gdbinfo, \n+000329d0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+000329e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+000329f0: 3331 2067 6574 7465 7874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 31 gettext.-----\n+00032a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00032a10: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 6574 7465 7874 Command: gettext\n+00032a20: 2073 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2054 7261 string. Tra\n+00032a30: 6e73 6c61 7465 2053 5452 494e 4720 696e nslate STRING in\n+00032a40: 746f 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c to the current l\n+00032a50: 616e 6775 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 anguage... T\n+00032a60: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c 616e 6775 he current langu\n+00032a70: 6167 6520 636f 6465 2069 7320 7374 6f72 age code is stor\n+00032a80: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 986c 616e ed in the ...lan\n+00032a90: 67e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 696e g... variable in\n+00032aa0: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2773 2065 6e76 . GRUB's env\n+00032ab0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ironment (*note \n+00032ac0: 6c61 6e67 3a3a 292e 2020 5472 616e 736c lang::). Transl\n+00032ad0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 696e 204d ation files in M\n+00032ae0: 4f20 666f 726d 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6172 O format. ar\n+00032af0: 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 e280 986c e read from ...l\n+00032b00: 6f63 616c 655f 6469 72e2 8099 2028 2a6e ocale_dir... (*n\n+00032b10: 6f74 6520 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 3a3a ote locale_dir::\n+00032b20: 292c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 ), usually. \n+00032b30: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6c6f .../boot/grub/lo\n+00032b40: 6361 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 cale........File\n+00032b50: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00032b60: 6465 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 4e65 de: gptsync, Ne\n+00032b70: 7874 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: halt, Prev:\n+00032b80: 2067 6574 7465 7874 2c20 2055 703a 2043 gettext, Up: C\n+00032b90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00032ba0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3220 6770 ands..17.4.32 gp\n+00032bb0: 7473 796e 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tsync.----------\n+00032bc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00032bd0: 6e64 3a20 6770 7473 796e 6320 6465 7669 nd: gptsync devi\n+00032be0: 6365 205b 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e5b 2b2f ce [partition[+/\n+00032bf0: 2d5b 7479 7065 5d5d 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 -[type]]] .... \n+00032c00: 2020 2044 6973 6b73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 Disks using t\n+00032c10: 6865 2047 5549 4420 5061 7274 6974 696f he GUID Partitio\n+00032c20: 6e20 5461 626c 6520 2847 5054 2920 616c n Table (GPT) al\n+00032c30: 736f 2068 6176 6520 6120 6c65 6761 6379 so have a legacy\n+00032c40: 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 7374 6572 2042 6f6f . Master Boo\n+00032c50: 7420 5265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 2070 t Record (MBR) p\n+00032c60: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2066 artition table f\n+00032c70: 6f72 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 or compatibility\n+00032c80: 2077 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 2042 with the. B\n+00032c90: 494f 5320 616e 6420 7769 7468 206f 6c64 IOS and with old\n+00032ca0: 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 er operating sys\n+00032cb0: 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6567 6163 tems. The legac\n+00032cc0: 7920 4d42 5220 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 y MBR can only. \n+00032cd0: 2020 2020 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 6120 represent a \n+00032ce0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 7375 6273 6574 206f limited subset o\n+00032cf0: 6620 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 f GPT partition \n+00032d00: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 entries... T\n+00032d10: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 706f 7075 his command popu\n+00032d20: 6c61 7465 7320 7468 6520 6c65 6761 6379 lates the legacy\n+00032d30: 204d 4252 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 MBR with the sp\n+00032d40: 6563 6966 6965 6420 5041 5254 4954 494f ecified PARTITIO\n+00032d50: 4e0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 206f N. entries o\n+00032d60: 6e20 4445 5649 4345 2e20 2055 7020 746f n DEVICE. Up to\n+00032d70: 2074 6872 6565 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e three partition\n+00032d80: 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 642e 0a0a s may be used...\n+00032d90: 2020 2020 2054 5950 4520 6973 2061 6e20 TYPE is an \n+00032da0: 4d42 5220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 MBR partition ty\n+00032db0: 7065 2063 6f64 653b 2070 7265 6669 7820 pe code; prefix \n+00032dc0: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 3078 e280 9920 6966 with ...0x... if\n+00032dd0: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a20 2020 you want to. \n+00032de0: 2020 656e 7465 7220 7468 6973 2069 6e20 enter this in \n+00032df0: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 5468 hexadecimal. Th\n+00032e00: 6520 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 6265 7477 e separator betw\n+00032e10: 6565 6e20 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e20 616e een PARTITION an\n+00032e20: 640a 2020 2020 2054 5950 4520 6d61 7920 d. TYPE may \n+00032e30: 6265 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 be ...+... to ma\n+00032e40: 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ke the partition\n+00032e50: 2061 6374 6976 652c 206f 7220 e280 982d active, or ...-\n+00032e60: e280 9920 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a20 ... to make it. \n+00032e70: 2020 2020 696e 6163 7469 7665 3b20 6f6e inactive; on\n+00032e80: 6c79 206f 6e65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ly one partition\n+00032e90: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6163 7469 7665 2e20 may be active. \n+00032ea0: 2049 6620 626f 7468 2074 6865 2073 6570 If both the sep\n+00032eb0: 6172 6174 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 arator. and \n+00032ec0: 7479 7065 2061 7265 206f 6d69 7474 6564 type are omitted\n+00032ed0: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 , then the parti\n+00032ee0: 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e61 tion will be ina\n+00032ef0: 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ctive.....File: \n+00032f00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00032f10: 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 : halt, Next: h\n+00032f20: 6173 6873 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 ashsum, Prev: g\n+00032f30: 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ptsync, Up: Com\n+00032f40: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00032f50: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3320 6861 6c74 ds..17.4.33 halt\n+00032f60: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n+00032f70: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6861 6c74 -- Command: halt\n+00032f80: 205b 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d 5d0a 2020 2020 [--no-apm]. \n+00032f90: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2068 616c The command hal\n+00032fa0: 7473 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e ts the computer.\n+00032fb0: 2020 4f6e 2074 6865 2069 3338 362d 7063 On the i386-pc\n+00032fc0: 2074 6172 6765 742c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 target, the. \n+00032fd0: 2020 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6de2 8099 ...--no-apm...\n+00032fe0: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 7368 6f72 option, or shor\n+00032ff0: 7420 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 2c20 6973 2073 t ...-n..., is s\n+00033000: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6e6f 2041 504d pecified, no APM\n+00033010: 2042 494f 5320 6361 6c6c 2069 730a 2020 BIOS call is. \n+00033020: 2020 2070 6572 666f 726d 6564 2e20 204f performed. O\n+00033030: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f therwise, the co\n+00033040: 6d70 7574 6572 2069 7320 7368 7574 2064 mputer is shut d\n+00033050: 6f77 6e20 7573 696e 6720 4150 4d20 6f6e own using APM on\n+00033060: 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2074 6172 6765 that. targe\n+00033070: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n+00033080: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6861 .info, Node: ha\n+00033090: 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6865 shsum, Next: he\n+000330a0: 6c70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 616c 742c lp, Prev: halt,\n+000330b0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+000330c0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+000330d0: 342e 3334 2068 6173 6873 756d 0a2d 2d2d 4.34 hashsum.---\n+000330e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+000330f0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 6173 6873 - Command: hashs\n+00033100: 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6861 7368 202d um --hash hash -\n+00033110: 2d6b 6565 702d 676f 696e 6720 2d2d 756e -keep-going --un\n+00033120: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 202d 2d63 6865 636b compress --check\n+00033130: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file. \n+00033140: 5b2d 2d70 7265 6669 7820 6469 725d 7c66 [--prefix dir]|f\n+00033150: 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d ile .... Com\n+00033160: 7075 7465 206f 7220 7665 7269 6679 2066 pute or verify f\n+00033170: 696c 6520 6861 7368 6573 2e20 2048 6173 ile hashes. Has\n+00033180: 6820 7479 7065 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 h type is select\n+00033190: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 ed with option. \n+000331a0: 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d68 6173 68e2 8099 ...--hash...\n+000331b0: 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2068 6173 . Supported has\n+000331c0: 6865 7320 6172 653a 20e2 8098 6164 6c65 hes are: ...adle\n+000331d0: 7233 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3634 r32..., ...crc64\n+000331e0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 6333 32e2 8099 ..., ...crc32...\n+000331f0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6372 6333 3272 ,. ...crc32r\n+00033200: 6663 3135 3130 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 fc1510..., ...cr\n+00033210: 6332 3472 6663 3234 3430 e280 992c 20e2 c24rfc2440..., .\n+00033220: 8098 6d64 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6435 ..md4..., ...md5\n+00033230: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7269 7065 6d64 3136 ..., ...ripemd16\n+00033240: 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 31e2 8099 0..., ...sha1...\n+00033250: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7368 6132 3234 ,. ...sha224\n+00033260: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6132 3536 e280 ..., ...sha256..\n+00033270: 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6135 3132 e280 992c ., ...sha512...,\n+00033280: 20e2 8098 7368 6133 3834 e280 992c 20e2 ...sha384..., .\n+00033290: 8098 7469 6765 7231 3932 e280 992c 20e2 ..tiger192..., .\n+000332a0: 8098 7469 6765 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 ..tiger...,. \n+000332b0: 20e2 8098 7469 6765 7232 e280 992c 20e2 ...tiger2..., .\n+000332c0: 8098 7768 6972 6c70 6f6f 6ce2 8099 2e20 ..whirlpool.... \n+000332d0: 204f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d75 6e63 Option ...--unc\n+000332e0: 6f6d 7072 6573 73e2 8099 2075 6e63 6f6d ompress... uncom\n+000332f0: 7072 6573 7365 7320 6669 6c65 730a 2020 presses files. \n+00033300: 2020 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6d70 7574 before comput\n+00033310: 696e 6720 6861 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ing hash... \n+00033320: 5768 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 696c When list of fil\n+00033330: 6573 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2068 6173 es is given, has\n+00033340: 6820 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 2069 h of each file i\n+00033350: 7320 636f 6d70 7574 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 s computed and. \n+00033360: 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 642c 2066 6f6c printed, fol\n+00033370: 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2066 696c 6520 6e61 lowed by file na\n+00033380: 6d65 2c20 6561 6368 2066 696c 6520 6f6e me, each file on\n+00033390: 2061 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 a new line... \n+000333a0: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 When option .\n+000333b0: 8098 2d2d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2069 7320 ..--check... is \n+000333c0: 6769 7665 6e2c 2069 7420 706f 696e 7473 given, it points\n+000333d0: 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 to a file that \n+000333e0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 contains. li\n+000333f0: 7374 206f 6620 4841 5348 204e 414d 4520 st of HASH NAME \n+00033400: 7061 6972 7320 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d pairs in the sam\n+00033410: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2061 7320 7573 6564 e format as used\n+00033420: 2062 7920 554e 4958 20e2 8098 6d64 3573 by UNIX ...md5s\n+00033430: 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 um.... comma\n+00033440: 6e64 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d nd. Option ...-\n+00033450: 2d70 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6179 2062 -prefix... may b\n+00033460: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6769 7665 2064 e used to give d\n+00033470: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 0a20 irectory where. \n+00033480: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6c6f files are lo\n+00033490: 6361 7465 642e 2020 4861 7368 2076 6572 cated. Hash ver\n+000334a0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7374 6f70 7320 ification stops \n+000334b0: 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a after the first.\n+000334c0: 2020 2020 206d 6973 6d61 7463 6820 7761 mismatch wa\n+000334d0: 7320 666f 756e 6420 756e 6c65 7373 206f s found unless o\n+000334e0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d6b 6565 702d ption ...--keep-\n+000334f0: 676f 696e 67e2 8099 2077 6173 2067 6976 going... was giv\n+00033500: 656e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6578 en. The. ex\n+00033510: 6974 2063 6f64 6520 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 it code ...$?...\n+00033520: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 is set to 0 if \n+00033530: 6861 7368 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f hash verificatio\n+00033540: 6e20 6973 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2e n is successful.\n+00033550: 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2066 6169 If. it fai\n+00033560: 6c73 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2069 7320 ls, ...$?... is \n+00033570: 7365 7420 746f 2061 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f set to a nonzero\n+00033580: 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a value.....File:\n+00033590: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000335a0: 653a 2068 656c 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: help, Next: \n+000335b0: 6865 7864 756d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 hexdump, Prev: \n+000335c0: 6861 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f hashsum, Up: Co\n+000335d0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+000335e0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3335 2068 656c nds..17.4.35 hel\n+000335f0: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a p.------------..\n+00033600: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 656c -- Command: hel\n+00033610: 7020 5b70 6174 7465 726e 202e 2e2e 5d0a p [pattern ...].\n+00033620: 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2068 656c Display hel\n+00033630: 7066 756c 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e pful information\n+00033640: 2061 626f 7574 2062 7569 6c74 696e 2063 about builtin c\n+00033650: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ommands. If you\n+00033660: 2064 6f20 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 7065 do not. spe\n+00033670: 6369 6679 2050 4154 5445 524e 2c20 7468 cify PATTERN, th\n+00033680: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 686f 7773 is command shows\n+00033690: 2073 686f 7274 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 short descripti\n+000336a0: 6f6e 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 ons of all. \n+000336b0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e available comman\n+000336c0: 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ds... If you\n+000336d0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 6e79 2050 4154 specify any PAT\n+000336e0: 5445 524e 532c 2069 7420 6469 7370 6c61 TERNS, it displa\n+000336f0: 7973 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 696e 666f 726d ys longer inform\n+00033700: 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 740a 2020 2020 ation about. \n+00033710: 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d each of the com\n+00033720: 6d61 6e64 7320 7768 6f73 6520 6e61 6d65 mands whose name\n+00033730: 7320 6265 6769 6e20 7769 7468 2074 686f s begin with tho\n+00033740: 7365 2050 4154 5445 524e 532e 0a0a 1f0a se PATTERNS.....\n+00033750: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00033760: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 7864 756d 702c Node: hexdump,\n+00033770: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 Next: insmod, \n+00033780: 2050 7265 763a 2068 656c 702c 2020 5570 Prev: help, Up\n+00033790: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+000337a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3336 ommands..17.4.36\n+000337b0: 2068 6578 6475 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d hexdump.-------\n+000337c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+000337d0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 205b mmand: hexdump [\n+000337e0: 2d2d 736b 6970 206f 6666 7365 745d 205b --skip offset] [\n+000337f0: 2d2d 6c65 6e67 7468 206c 656e 5d20 4649 --length len] FI\n+00033800: 4c45 5f4f 525f 4445 5649 4345 0a20 2020 LE_OR_DEVICE. \n+00033810: 2020 5368 6f77 2072 6177 2063 6f6e 7465 Show raw conte\n+00033820: 6e74 7320 6f66 2061 2066 696c 6520 6f72 nts of a file or\n+00033830: 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5768 656e 206f memory. When o\n+00033840: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 70e2 ption ...--skip.\n+00033850: 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e .. is. given\n+00033860: 2c20 e280 986f 6666 7365 74e2 8099 206e , ...offset... n\n+00033870: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2062 7974 6573 2061 umber of bytes a\n+00033880: 7265 2073 6b69 7070 6564 2066 726f 6d20 re skipped from \n+00033890: 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the start of the\n+000338a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 206f 7220 . device or \n+000338b0: 6669 6c65 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2041 6e64 file given. And\n+000338c0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6c65 6e67 7468 e280 9920 ...--length... \n+000338d0: 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e allows specifyin\n+000338e0: 6720 6120 6d61 7869 6d75 6d0a 2020 2020 g a maximum. \n+000338f0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2062 7974 6573 number of bytes\n+00033900: 2074 6f20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 0a20 to be shown... \n+00033910: 2020 2020 4966 2067 6976 656e 2074 6865 If given the\n+00033920: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 6576 6963 6520 special device \n+00033930: 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9828 6d65 6d29 e280 named ...(mem)..\n+00033940: 992c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 e280 986f ., then the ...o\n+00033950: 6666 7365 74e2 8099 2067 6976 656e 0a20 ffset... given. \n+00033960: 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 to ...--skip\n+00033970: e280 9920 6973 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 ... is treated a\n+00033980: 7320 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 s the address of\n+00033990: 2061 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6c6f 6361 7469 a memory locati\n+000339a0: 6f6e 2074 6f20 6475 6d70 0a20 2020 2020 on to dump. \n+000339b0: 6672 6f6d 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 from.....File: g\n+000339c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000339d0: 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 insmod, Next: \n+000339e0: 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 5072 6576 keystatus, Prev\n+000339f0: 3a20 6865 7864 756d 702c 2020 5570 3a20 : hexdump, Up: \n+00033a00: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00033a10: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3337 2069 mands..17.4.37 i\n+00033a20: 6e73 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nsmod.----------\n+00033a30: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00033a40: 643a 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 d: insmod module\n+00033a50: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 2074 6865 . Insert the\n+00033a60: 2064 796e 616d 6963 2047 5255 4220 6d6f dynamic GRUB mo\n+00033a70: 6475 6c65 2063 616c 6c65 6420 4d4f 4455 dule called MODU\n+00033a80: 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 LE.....File: gru\n+00033a90: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206b b.info, Node: k\n+00033aa0: 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 204e 6578 743a eystatus, Next:\n+00033ab0: 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 list_env, Prev\n+00033ac0: 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : insmod, Up: C\n+00033ad0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00033ae0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3820 6b65 ands..17.4.38 ke\n+00033af0: 7973 7461 7475 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ystatus.--------\n+00033b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00033b10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 ommand: keystatu\n+00033b20: 7320 5b2d 2d73 6869 6674 5d20 5b2d 2d63 s [--shift] [--c\n+00033b30: 7472 6c5d 205b 2d2d 616c 745d 0a20 2020 trl] [--alt]. \n+00033b40: 2020 5265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 Return true if\n+00033b50: 2074 6865 2053 6869 6674 2c20 436f 6e74 the Shift, Cont\n+00033b60: 726f 6c2c 206f 7220 416c 7420 6d6f 6469 rol, or Alt modi\n+00033b70: 6669 6572 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 6865 fier keys are he\n+00033b80: 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 646f 776e 2c20 6173 ld. down, as\n+00033b90: 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2062 7920 6f70 requested by op\n+00033ba0: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 tions. This is \n+00033bb0: 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 7363 7269 7074 useful in script\n+00033bc0: 696e 672c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c ing, to. all\n+00033bd0: 6f77 2073 6f6d 6520 7573 6572 2063 6f6e ow some user con\n+00033be0: 7472 6f6c 206f 7665 7220 6265 6861 7669 trol over behavi\n+00033bf0: 6f75 7220 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6861 7669 our without havi\n+00033c00: 6e67 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2061 ng to wait for a\n+00033c10: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7970 7265 7373 2e0a . keypress..\n+00033c20: 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b69 6e67 206b . Checking k\n+00033c30: 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 7374 6174 ey modifier stat\n+00033c40: 7573 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 706f us is only suppo\n+00033c50: 7274 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 rted on some pla\n+00033c60: 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 tforms.. If \n+00033c70: 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 invoked without \n+00033c80: 616e 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6865 any options, the\n+00033c90: 20e2 8098 6b65 7973 7461 7475 73e2 8099 ...keystatus...\n+00033ca0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 command returns\n+00033cb0: 0a20 2020 2020 7472 7565 2069 6620 616e . true if an\n+00033cc0: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 6368 6563 6b69 d only if checki\n+00033cd0: 6e67 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 ng key modifier \n+00033ce0: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 status is suppor\n+00033cf0: 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ted.....File: gr\n+00033d00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00033d10: 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a list_env, Next:\n+00033d20: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 list_trusted, \n+00033d30: 5072 6576 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c Prev: keystatus,\n+00033d40: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00033d50: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00033d60: 342e 3339 206c 6973 745f 656e 760a 2d2d 4.39 list_env.--\n+00033d70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00033d80: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6973 -- Command: lis\n+00033d90: 745f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 t_env [--file fi\n+00033da0: 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c le]. List al\n+00033db0: 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2074 l variables in t\n+00033dc0: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n+00033dd0: 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 lock file. *Not\n+00033de0: 650a 2020 2020 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 e. Environme\n+00033df0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 nt block::... \n+00033e00: 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 The ...--file.\n+00033e10: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 .. option overri\n+00033e20: 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 des the default \n+00033e30: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a location of the.\n+00033e40: 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 environment\n+00033e50: 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a block.....File:\n+00033e60: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00033e70: 653a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c e: list_trusted,\n+00033e80: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 Next: load_env\n+00033e90: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6973 745f 656e , Prev: list_en\n+00033ea0: 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d v, Up: Command-\n+00033eb0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00033ec0: 372e 342e 3430 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7.4.40 list_trus\n+00033ed0: 7465 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ted.------------\n+00033ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00033ef0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 mmand: list_trus\n+00033f00: 7465 640a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c ted. List al\n+00033f10: 6c20 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 7320 7472 l public keys tr\n+00033f20: 7573 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 666f usted by GRUB fo\n+00033f30: 7220 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6e67 2073 6967 r validating sig\n+00033f40: 6e61 7475 7265 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 natures.. Th\n+00033f50: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2069 7320 696e 2047 e output is in G\n+00033f60: 5047 2773 2076 3420 6b65 7920 6669 6e67 PG's v4 key fing\n+00033f70: 6572 7072 696e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2028 erprint format (\n+00033f80: 692e 652e 2c20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 i.e., the output\n+00033f90: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6770 6720 . of ...gpg \n+00033fa0: 2d2d 6669 6e67 6572 7072 696e 74e2 8099 --fingerprint...\n+00033fb0: 292e 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6173 7420 7369 ). The least si\n+00033fc0: 676e 6966 6963 616e 7420 666f 7572 2062 gnificant four b\n+00033fd0: 7974 6573 2028 6c61 7374 0a20 2020 2020 ytes (last. \n+00033fe0: 6569 6768 7420 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 eight hexadecima\n+00033ff0: 6c20 6469 6769 7473 2920 6361 6e20 6265 l digits) can be\n+00034000: 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 6e20 6172 6775 used as an argu\n+00034010: 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 e280 9864 6973 7472 ment to ...distr\n+00034020: 7573 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f ust.... (*no\n+00034030: 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2e20 te distrust::). \n+00034040: 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 *Note Using dig\n+00034050: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a ital signatures:\n+00034060: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 :, for more. \n+00034070: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f information abo\n+00034080: 7574 2075 7365 7320 666f 7220 7468 6573 ut uses for thes\n+00034090: 6520 6b65 7973 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a e keys.....File:\n+000340a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000340b0: 653a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 e: load_env, Ne\n+000340c0: 7874 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 2050 xt: loadfont, P\n+000340d0: 7265 763a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 rev: list_truste\n+000340e0: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d d, Up: Command-\n+000340f0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00034100: 372e 342e 3431 206c 6f61 645f 656e 760a 7.4.41 load_env.\n+00034110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00034120: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c .. -- Command: l\n+00034130: 6f61 645f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 oad_env [--file \n+00034140: 6669 6c65 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 file] [--skip-si\n+00034150: 675d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 7768 g]. [wh\n+00034160: 6974 656c 6973 7465 645f 7661 7269 6162 itelisted_variab\n+00034170: 6c65 5f6e 616d 655d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 le_name] .... \n+00034180: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 Load all varia\n+00034190: 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e bles from the en\n+000341a0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 vironment block \n+000341b0: 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 2020 file into the. \n+000341c0: 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 environment. \n+000341d0: 202a 4e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 *Note Environme\n+000341e0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 nt block::... \n+000341f0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 The ...--file.\n+00034200: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 .. option overri\n+00034210: 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 des the default \n+00034220: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a location of the.\n+00034230: 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 environment\n+00034240: 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 block... Th\n+00034250: 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 e ...--skip-sig.\n+00034260: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 736b 6970 7320 .. option skips \n+00034270: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6368 6563 6b69 signature checki\n+00034280: 6e67 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2074 6865 ng even when the\n+00034290: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 . value of e\n+000342a0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000342b0: 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 ble ...check_sig\n+000342c0: 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 natures... is se\n+000342d0: 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9865 6e66 t to. ...enf\n+000342e0: 6f72 6365 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 orce... (*note c\n+000342f0: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a heck_signatures:\n+00034300: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206f 6e65 :)... If one\n+00034310: 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2076 6172 6961 626c or more variabl\n+00034320: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7072 6f76 e names are prov\n+00034330: 6964 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 ided as argument\n+00034340: 732c 2074 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 2020 s, they are. \n+00034350: 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 interpreted as \n+00034360: 6120 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2076 a whitelist of v\n+00034370: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 ariables to load\n+00034380: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 from the. e\n+00034390: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+000343a0: 2066 696c 652e 2020 5661 7269 6162 6c65 file. Variable\n+000343b0: 7320 7365 7420 696e 2074 6865 2066 696c s set in the fil\n+000343c0: 6520 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 7072 6573 656e e but not presen\n+000343d0: 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7768 t. in the wh\n+000343e0: 6974 656c 6973 7420 6172 6520 6967 6e6f itelist are igno\n+000343f0: 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 red... The .\n+00034400: 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 ..--skip-sig... \n+00034410: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 option should be\n+00034420: 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c used with care,\n+00034430: 2061 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 616c 7761 and should alwa\n+00034440: 7973 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2075 7365 6420 ys. be used \n+00034450: 696e 2063 6f6e 6365 7274 2077 6974 6820 in concert with \n+00034460: 6120 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 a whitelist of a\n+00034470: 6363 6570 7461 626c 6520 7661 7269 6162 cceptable variab\n+00034480: 6c65 7320 7768 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2076 les whose. v\n+00034490: 616c 7565 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 alues should be \n+000344a0: 7365 742e 2020 4661 696c 7572 6520 746f set. Failure to\n+000344b0: 2065 6d70 6c6f 7920 6120 6361 7265 6675 employ a carefu\n+000344c0: 6c6c 7920 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 640a lly constructed.\n+000344d0: 2020 2020 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2063 whitelist c\n+000344e0: 6f75 6c64 2072 6573 756c 7420 696e 2072 ould result in r\n+000344f0: 6561 6469 6e67 2061 206d 616c 6963 696f eading a malicio\n+00034500: 7573 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e74 6f20 6372 us value into cr\n+00034510: 6974 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 itical. envi\n+00034520: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00034530: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 696c 652c s from the file,\n+00034540: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2073 6574 7469 6e67 such as setting\n+00034550: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 . ...check_s\n+00034560: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733d 6e6f e280 992c ignatures=no...,\n+00034570: 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 7072 modifying ...pr\n+00034580: 6566 6978 e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 efix... to boot \n+00034590: 6672 6f6d 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e65 from an. une\n+000345a0: 7870 6563 7465 6420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e xpected location\n+000345b0: 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 6174 2061 6c6c 2c20 or not at all, \n+000345c0: 6574 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 etc... When \n+000345d0: 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 6361 7265 2c20 used with care, \n+000345e0: e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 ...--skip-sig...\n+000345f0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 and the whiteli\n+00034600: 7374 2065 6e61 626c 6520 616e 0a20 2020 st enable an. \n+00034610: 2020 6164 6d69 6e69 7374 7261 746f 7220 administrator \n+00034620: 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 2073 to configure a s\n+00034630: 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6f6e ystem to boot on\n+00034640: 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 640a 2020 2020 2063 ly signed. c\n+00034650: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2062 onfigurations, b\n+00034660: 7574 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 ut to allow the \n+00034670: 7573 6572 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2066 user to select f\n+00034680: 726f 6d20 616d 6f6e 6720 6d75 6c74 6970 rom among multip\n+00034690: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 le. configur\n+000346a0: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 746f 2065 ations, and to e\n+000346b0: 6e61 626c 6520 226f 6e65 2d73 686f 7422 nable \"one-shot\"\n+000346c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6174 7465 6d70 7473 2061 boot attempts a\n+000346d0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2273 6176 6564 6566 nd. \"savedef\n+000346e0: 6175 6c74 2220 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2e20 ault\" behavior. \n+000346f0: 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 *Note Using dig\n+00034700: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a ital signatures:\n+00034710: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 :, for more. \n+00034720: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f information....\n+00034730: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00034740: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e , Node: loadfon\n+00034750: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 t, Next: loopba\n+00034760: 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f61 645f ck, Prev: load_\n+00034770: 656e 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e env, Up: Comman\n+00034780: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00034790: 0a31 372e 342e 3432 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e .17.4.42 loadfon\n+000347a0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+000347b0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+000347c0: 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7420 6669 6c65 202e loadfont file .\n+000347d0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2073 7065 ... Load spe\n+000347e0: 6369 6669 6564 2066 6f6e 7420 6669 6c65 cified font file\n+000347f0: 732e 2020 556e 6c65 7373 2061 6273 6f6c s. Unless absol\n+00034800: 7574 6520 7061 7468 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 ute pathname is \n+00034810: 6769 7665 6e2c 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 given, FILE. \n+00034820: 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 is assumed to b\n+00034830: 6520 696e 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 20e2 e in directory .\n+00034840: 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f 666f 6e74 73e2 ..$prefix/fonts.\n+00034850: 8099 2077 6974 6820 7375 6666 6978 20e2 .. with suffix .\n+00034860: 8098 2e70 6632 e280 990a 2020 2020 2061 ...pf2.... a\n+00034870: 7070 656e 6465 642e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 ppended. *Note \n+00034880: 466f 6e74 733a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c Fonts: Theme fil\n+00034890: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e format.....Fil\n+000348a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000348b0: 6f64 653a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 ode: loopback, \n+000348c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c73 2c20 2050 7265 763a Next: ls, Prev:\n+000348d0: 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 loadfont, Up: \n+000348e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+000348f0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3433 206c mands..17.4.43 l\n+00034900: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oopback.--------\n+00034910: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00034920: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 mmand: loopback \n+00034930: 5b2d 645d 205b 2d44 5d20 6465 7669 6365 [-d] [-D] device\n+00034940: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 file. Make \n+00034950: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6564 the device named\n+00034960: 2044 4556 4943 4520 636f 7272 6573 706f DEVICE correspo\n+00034970: 6e64 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e nd to the conten\n+00034980: 7473 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 ts of the. f\n+00034990: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6520 ilesystem image \n+000349a0: 696e 2046 494c 452e 2020 466f 7220 6578 in FILE. For ex\n+000349b0: 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ample:.. \n+000349c0: 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 206c 6f6f 7030 loopback loop0\n+000349d0: 202f 7061 7468 2f74 6f2f 696d 6167 650a /path/to/image.\n+000349e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c73 2028 6c6f ls (lo\n+000349f0: 6f70 3029 2f0a 0a20 2020 2020 5370 6563 op0)/.. Spec\n+00034a00: 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d44 ifying the ...-D\n+00034a10: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 6c6c 6f77 ... option allow\n+00034a20: 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2066 s the loopback f\n+00034a30: 696c 6520 746f 2062 650a 2020 2020 2074 ile to be. t\n+00034a40: 7261 6e70 6172 656e 746c 7920 6465 636f ranparently deco\n+00034a50: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2069 6620 7468 6572 mpressed if ther\n+00034a60: 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6170 7072 6f70 7269 e is an appropri\n+00034a70: 6174 6520 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 ate decompressor\n+00034a80: 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6564 2e0a 0a20 . loaded... \n+00034a90: 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 With the ...\n+00034aa0: 2d64 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6465 -d... option, de\n+00034ab0: 6c65 7465 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 7072 lete a device pr\n+00034ac0: 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2063 7265 6174 6564 eviously created\n+00034ad0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 using this. \n+00034ae0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c command.....Fil\n+00034af0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00034b00: 6f64 653a 206c 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ode: ls, Next: \n+00034b10: 6c73 666f 6e74 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 lsfonts, Prev: \n+00034b20: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 loopback, Up: C\n+00034b30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00034b40: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3420 6c73 ands..17.4.44 ls\n+00034b50: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d .----------.. --\n+00034b60: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 205b 6172 Command: ls [ar\n+00034b70: 6720 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 g ...]. List\n+00034b80: 2064 6576 6963 6573 206f 7220 6669 6c65 devices or file\n+00034b90: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f s... With no\n+00034ba0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e arguments, prin\n+00034bb0: 7420 616c 6c20 6465 7669 6365 7320 6b6e t all devices kn\n+00034bc0: 6f77 6e20 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 own to GRUB... \n+00034bd0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 If the argume\n+00034be0: 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e nt is a device n\n+00034bf0: 616d 6520 656e 636c 6f73 6564 2069 6e20 ame enclosed in \n+00034c00: 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 282a 6e6f parentheses (*no\n+00034c10: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7669 6365 2073 te. Device s\n+00034c20: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 2070 yntax::), then p\n+00034c30: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 rint the name of\n+00034c40: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 the filesystem \n+00034c50: 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 of that. dev\n+00034c60: 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 ice... If th\n+00034c70: 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 e argument is a \n+00034c80: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6769 7665 6e20 directory given \n+00034c90: 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 as an absolute f\n+00034ca0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 282a ile name. (*\n+00034cb0: 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 note File name s\n+00034cc0: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 206c yntax::), then l\n+00034cd0: 6973 7420 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 ist the contents\n+00034ce0: 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6469 of that. di\n+00034cf0: 7265 6374 6f72 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rectory.....File\n+00034d00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00034d10: 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 732c 2020 4e65 de: lsfonts, Ne\n+00034d20: 7874 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 xt: lsmod, Prev\n+00034d30: 3a20 6c73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 : ls, Up: Comma\n+00034d40: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00034d50: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3520 6c73 666f 6e74 ..17.4.45 lsfont\n+00034d60: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+00034d70: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00034d80: 6c73 666f 6e74 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 lsfonts. Lis\n+00034d90: 7420 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 2e0a t loaded fonts..\n+00034da0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00034db0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 736d 6f64 fo, Node: lsmod\n+00034dc0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 6435 7375 6d2c , Next: md5sum,\n+00034dd0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 732c Prev: lsfonts,\n+00034de0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00034df0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00034e00: 342e 3436 206c 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.46 lsmod.-----\n+00034e10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00034e20: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 736d 6f64 0a20 2020 mmand: lsmod. \n+00034e30: 2020 5368 6f77 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c Show list of l\n+00034e40: 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a oaded modules...\n+00034e50: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00034e60: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 756d o, Node: md5sum\n+00034e70: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 6f64 756c 652c , Next: module,\n+00034e80: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 Prev: lsmod, \n+00034e90: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00034ea0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00034eb0: 3437 206d 6435 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 47 md5sum.------\n+00034ec0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00034ed0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 6435 7375 6d20 6172 mmand: md5sum ar\n+00034ee0: 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 g .... Alias\n+00034ef0: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 for ...hashsum \n+00034f00: 2d2d 6861 7368 206d 6435 2061 7267 202e --hash md5 arg .\n+00034f10: 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d ...... See comm\n+00034f20: 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 and ...hashsum..\n+00034f30: 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 .. (*note ha\n+00034f40: 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c shsum::) for ful\n+00034f50: 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a l description...\n+00034f60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00034f70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 o, Node: module\n+00034f80: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 756c 7469 626f , Next: multibo\n+00034f90: 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 6435 7375 ot, Prev: md5su\n+00034fa0: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d m, Up: Command-\n+00034fb0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00034fc0: 372e 342e 3438 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2d2d 7.4.48 module.--\n+00034fd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00034fe0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 6f64 756c - Command: modul\n+00034ff0: 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 e [--nounzip] fi\n+00035000: 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 le [arguments]. \n+00035010: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 6f64 756c Load a modul\n+00035020: 6520 666f 7220 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 e for multiboot \n+00035030: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 kernel image. T\n+00035040: 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c he rest of the l\n+00035050: 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 ine is. pass\n+00035060: 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 ed verbatim as t\n+00035070: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e he module comman\n+00035080: 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a d line.....File:\n+00035090: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000350a0: 653a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 204e e: multiboot, N\n+000350b0: 6578 743a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c ext: nativedisk,\n+000350c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 Prev: module, \n+000350d0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000350e0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+000350f0: 2e34 3920 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 2d2d .49 multiboot.--\n+00035100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00035110: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d75 . -- Command: mu\n+00035120: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5b2d 2d71 7569 726b ltiboot [--quirk\n+00035130: 2d62 6164 2d6b 6c75 6467 655d 0a20 2020 -bad-kludge]. \n+00035140: 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d [--quirk-\n+00035150: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d 6b65 modules-after-ke\n+00035160: 726e 656c 5d20 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 rnel] file .... \n+00035170: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 Load a multi\n+00035180: 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 boot kernel imag\n+00035190: 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 e from FILE. Th\n+000351a0: 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 e rest of the li\n+000351b0: 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 ne is. passe\n+000351c0: 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 d verbatim as th\n+000351d0: 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d e ...kernel comm\n+000351e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e and-line.... An\n+000351f0: 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 y module must be\n+00035200: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 . reloaded a\n+00035210: 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 fter using this \n+00035220: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d command (*note m\n+00035230: 6f64 756c 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 odule::)... \n+00035240: 536f 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2068 6176 Some kernels hav\n+00035250: 6520 6b6e 6f77 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 e known problems\n+00035260: 2e20 2059 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 . You need to s\n+00035270: 7065 6369 6679 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 2a20 pecify -quirk-* \n+00035280: 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 686f 7365 2e20 for. those. \n+00035290: 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 -quirk-bad-klud\n+000352a0: 6765 2069 7320 6120 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 ge is a problem \n+000352b0: 7365 656e 2069 6e20 7365 7665 7261 6c20 seen in several \n+000352c0: 7072 6f64 7563 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7468 products. th\n+000352d0: 6174 2074 6865 7920 696e 636c 7564 6520 at they include \n+000352e0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6b6c 7564 6765 2069 loading kludge i\n+000352f0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 nformation with \n+00035300: 696e 7661 6c69 6420 6461 7461 2069 6e0a invalid data in.\n+00035310: 2020 2020 2045 4c46 2066 696c 652e 2020 ELF file. \n+00035320: 4752 5542 2070 7269 6f72 2074 6f20 302e GRUB prior to 0.\n+00035330: 3937 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6375 7374 97 and some cust\n+00035340: 6f6d 2062 7569 6c64 7320 7072 6566 6572 om builds prefer\n+00035350: 7265 6420 454c 460a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 red ELF. inf\n+00035360: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 6869 6c65 2030 ormation while 0\n+00035370: 2e39 3720 616e 6420 4752 5542 2032 2075 .97 and GRUB 2 u\n+00035380: 7365 206b 6c75 6467 652e 2020 5573 6520 se kludge. Use \n+00035390: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 0a20 this option to. \n+000353a0: 2020 2020 6967 6e6f 7265 206b 6c75 6467 ignore kludg\n+000353b0: 652e 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6665 6374 e. Known affect\n+000353c0: 6564 2073 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 6f6c 6420 ed systems: old \n+000353d0: 536f 6c61 7269 732c 2053 6b79 4f53 2e0a Solaris, SkyOS..\n+000353e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 . -quirk-mod\n+000353f0: 756c 6573 2d61 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 ules-after-kerne\n+00035400: 6c20 6973 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 l is needed for \n+00035410: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 7768 6963 6820 6c6f kernels which lo\n+00035420: 6164 2061 740a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6174 ad at. relat\n+00035430: 6976 656c 7920 6869 6768 2061 6464 7265 ively high addre\n+00035440: 7373 2065 2e67 2e20 2031 364d 6942 206d ss e.g. 16MiB m\n+00035450: 6172 6b20 616e 6420 6361 6e27 7420 636f ark and can't co\n+00035460: 7065 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 pe with. mod\n+00035470: 756c 6573 2073 7475 6666 6564 2062 6574 ules stuffed bet\n+00035480: 7765 656e 2031 4d69 4220 6d61 726b 2061 ween 1MiB mark a\n+00035490: 6e64 2062 6567 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 nd beginning of \n+000354a0: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 2020 the kernel.. \n+000354b0: 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 7465 6374 6564 Known afftected\n+000354c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 564d 5761 7265 systems: VMWare\n+000354d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000354e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6174 info, Node: nat\n+000354f0: 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ivedisk, Next: \n+00035500: 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d normal, Prev: m\n+00035510: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ultiboot, Up: C\n+00035520: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00035530: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3020 6e61 ands..17.4.50 na\n+00035540: 7469 7665 6469 736b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tivedisk.-------\n+00035550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00035560: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 Command: native\n+00035570: 6469 736b 0a20 2020 2020 5377 6974 6368 disk. Switch\n+00035580: 2066 726f 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 from firmware d\n+00035590: 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6572 7320 746f 206e isk drivers to n\n+000355a0: 6174 6976 6520 6f6e 6573 2e20 2052 6561 ative ones. Rea\n+000355b0: 6c6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 lly useful. \n+000355c0: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d only on platform\n+000355d0: 7320 7768 6572 6520 626f 7468 2066 6972 s where both fir\n+000355e0: 6d77 6172 6520 616e 6420 6e61 7469 7665 mware and native\n+000355f0: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2061 7265 disk drives are\n+00035600: 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e . available.\n+00035610: 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6933 3836 Currently i386\n+00035620: 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 6566 692c 2069 -pc, i386-efi, i\n+00035630: 3338 362d 6965 6565 3132 3735 2061 6e64 386-ieee1275 and\n+00035640: 0a20 2020 2020 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 . x86_64-efi\n+00035650: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00035660: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 info, Node: nor\n+00035670: 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e6f 726d mal, Next: norm\n+00035680: 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 al_exit, Prev: \n+00035690: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2055 703a nativedisk, Up:\n+000356a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+000356b0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3120 mmands..17.4.51 \n+000356c0: 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d normal.---------\n+000356d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+000356e0: 6e64 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 205b 6669 6c65 nd: normal [file\n+000356f0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 206e 6f72 ]. Enter nor\n+00035700: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 2064 6973 mal mode and dis\n+00035710: 706c 6179 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6d65 play the GRUB me\n+00035720: 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 496e 206e 6f72 nu... In nor\n+00035730: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2c20 636f 6d6d 616e mal mode, comman\n+00035740: 6473 2c20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d ds, filesystem m\n+00035750: 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6372 7970 odules, and cryp\n+00035760: 746f 6772 6170 6879 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f tography. mo\n+00035770: 6475 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6175 746f 6d61 dules are automa\n+00035780: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 tically loaded, \n+00035790: 616e 6420 7468 6520 6675 6c6c 2047 5255 and the full GRU\n+000357a0: 4220 7363 7269 7074 2070 6172 7365 720a B script parser.\n+000357b0: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c is availabl\n+000357c0: 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6d6f 6475 6c65 e. Other module\n+000357d0: 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2065 7870 6c69 6369 s may be explici\n+000357e0: 746c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2075 7369 6e67 tly loaded using\n+000357f0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 . ...insmod.\n+00035800: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 .. (*note insmod\n+00035810: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6120 ::)... If a \n+00035820: 4649 4c45 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 FILE is given, t\n+00035830: 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 696c hen commands wil\n+00035840: 6c20 6265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 l be read from t\n+00035850: 6861 7420 6669 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 204f hat file.. O\n+00035860: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6579 2077 therwise, they w\n+00035870: 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d ill be read from\n+00035880: 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 ...$prefix/grub\n+00035890: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6966 2069 7420 6578 .cfg... if it ex\n+000358a0: 6973 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 986e ists... ...n\n+000358b0: 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6179 2062 6520 ormal... may be \n+000358c0: 6361 6c6c 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 called from with\n+000358d0: 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2c20 in normal mode, \n+000358e0: 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2061 206e 6573 7465 creating a neste\n+000358f0: 640a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 d. environme\n+00035900: 6e74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 206d 6f72 6520 nt. It is more \n+00035910: 7573 7561 6c20 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 usual to use ...\n+00035920: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 282a configfile... (*\n+00035930: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 note. config\n+00035940: 6669 6c65 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 7468 6973 file::) for this\n+00035950: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00035960: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 info, Node: nor\n+00035970: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 204e 6578 743a mal_exit, Next:\n+00035980: 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 parttool, Prev\n+00035990: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : normal, Up: C\n+000359a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+000359b0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3220 6e6f ands..17.4.52 no\n+000359c0: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rmal_exit.------\n+000359d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+000359e0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e6f 726d -- Command: norm\n+000359f0: 616c 5f65 7869 740a 2020 2020 2045 7869 al_exit. Exi\n+00035a00: 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a t normal mode (*\n+00035a10: 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 note normal::). \n+00035a20: 2049 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 If this instanc\n+00035a30: 6520 6f66 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 e of normal mode\n+00035a40: 0a20 2020 2020 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 6e65 . was not ne\n+00035a50: 7374 6564 2077 6974 6869 6e20 616e 6f74 sted within anot\n+00035a60: 6865 7220 6f6e 652c 2074 6865 6e20 7265 her one, then re\n+00035a70: 7475 726e 2074 6f20 7265 7363 7565 206d turn to rescue m\n+00035a80: 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ode.....File: gr\n+00035a90: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00035aa0: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a parttool, Next:\n+00035ab0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5072 6576 password, Prev\n+00035ac0: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 : normal_exit, \n+00035ad0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00035ae0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00035af0: 3533 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 53 parttool.----\n+00035b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00035b10: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6172 7474 - Command: partt\n+00035b20: 6f6f 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 636f ool partition co\n+00035b30: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 mmands. Make\n+00035b40: 2076 6172 696f 7573 206d 6f64 6966 6963 various modific\n+00035b50: 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 7061 7274 6974 ations to partit\n+00035b60: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 6965 ion table entrie\n+00035b70: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 6163 6820 434f s... Each CO\n+00035b80: 4d4d 414e 4420 6973 2065 6974 6865 7220 MMAND is either \n+00035b90: 6120 626f 6f6c 6561 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e a boolean option\n+00035ba0: 2c20 696e 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 6520 , in which case \n+00035bb0: 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 it must be. \n+00035bc0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 followed with ..\n+00035bd0: 982b e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 .+... or ...-...\n+00035be0: 2028 7769 7468 206e 6f20 696e 7465 7276 (with no interv\n+00035bf0: 656e 696e 6720 7370 6163 6529 2074 6f20 ening space) to \n+00035c00: 656e 6162 6c65 206f 720a 2020 2020 2064 enable or. d\n+00035c10: 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6861 7420 6f70 7469 isable that opti\n+00035c20: 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2065 6c73 6520 6974 2074 on, or else it t\n+00035c30: 616b 6573 2061 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e20 akes a value in \n+00035c40: 7468 6520 666f 726d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 the form. ..\n+00035c50: 9843 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3d56 414c 5545 e280 .COMMAND=VALUE..\n+00035c60: 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 7572 7265 6e74 .... Current\n+00035c70: 6c79 2c20 e280 9870 6172 7474 6f6f 6ce2 ly, ...parttool.\n+00035c80: 8099 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 .. is only usefu\n+00035c90: 6c20 6f6e 2044 4f53 2070 6172 7469 7469 l on DOS partiti\n+00035ca0: 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 7320 2861 6c73 6f0a on tables (also.\n+00035cb0: 2020 2020 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4d61 known as Ma\n+00035cc0: 7374 6572 2042 6f6f 7420 5265 636f 7264 ster Boot Record\n+00035cd0: 2c20 6f72 204d 4252 292e 204f 6e20 7468 , or MBR). On th\n+00035ce0: 6573 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 ese partition ta\n+00035cf0: 626c 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 bles,. the f\n+00035d00: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ollowing command\n+00035d10: 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 653a s are available:\n+00035d20: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 .. ...boot..\n+00035d30: 9920 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 . (boolean). \n+00035d40: 2020 2020 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c When enabl\n+00035d50: 6564 2c20 7468 6973 206d 616b 6573 2074 ed, this makes t\n+00035d60: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 he selected part\n+00035d70: 6974 696f 6e20 6265 2074 6865 2061 6374 ition be the act\n+00035d80: 6976 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2862 ive. (b\n+00035d90: 6f6f 7461 626c 6529 2070 6172 7469 7469 ootable) partiti\n+00035da0: 6f6e 206f 6e20 6974 7320 6469 736b 2c20 on on its disk, \n+00035db0: 636c 6561 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2061 6374 clearing the act\n+00035dc0: 6976 6520 666c 6167 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 ive flag on. \n+00035dd0: 2020 2020 2020 616c 6c20 6f74 6865 7220 all other \n+00035de0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6869 partitions. Thi\n+00035df0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206c 696d s command is lim\n+00035e00: 6974 6564 2074 6f20 5f70 7269 6d61 7279 ited to _primary\n+00035e10: 5f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 _. part\n+00035e20: 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 itions... ..\n+00035e30: 9874 7970 65e2 8099 2028 7661 6c75 6529 .type... (value)\n+00035e40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 . Chang\n+00035e50: 6520 7468 6520 7479 7065 206f 6620 616e e the type of an\n+00035e60: 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 7061 7274 6974 existing partit\n+00035e70: 696f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 ion. The value \n+00035e80: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 610a 2020 2020 2020 must be a. \n+00035e90: 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 7468 number in th\n+00035ea0: 6520 7261 6e67 6520 302d 3078 4646 2028 e range 0-0xFF (\n+00035eb0: 7072 6566 6978 2077 6974 6820 e280 9830 prefix with ...0\n+00035ec0: 78e2 8099 2074 6f20 656e 7465 7220 6974 x... to enter it\n+00035ed0: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 in. he\n+00035ee0: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2020 xadecimal)... \n+00035ef0: 2020 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2028 ...hidden... (\n+00035f00: 626f 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 boolean). \n+00035f10: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c When enabled,\n+00035f20: 2074 6869 7320 6869 6465 7320 7468 6520 this hides the \n+00035f30: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 selected partiti\n+00035f40: 6f6e 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 on by setting th\n+00035f50: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 9c68 e. ...h\n+00035f60: 6964 6465 6ee2 809d 2062 6974 2069 6e20 idden... bit in \n+00035f70: 6974 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 its partition ty\n+00035f80: 7065 2063 6f64 653b 2077 6865 6e20 6469 pe code; when di\n+00035f90: 7361 626c 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 sabled,. \n+00035fa0: 2020 756e 6869 6465 7320 7468 6520 7365 unhides the se\n+00035fb0: 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e lected partition\n+00035fc0: 2062 7920 636c 6561 7269 6e67 2074 6869 by clearing thi\n+00035fd0: 7320 6269 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a s bit. This is.\n+00035fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7573 6566 756c useful\n+00035ff0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 only when booti\n+00036000: 6e67 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 ng DOS or Window\n+00036010: 7320 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2070 s and multiple p\n+00036020: 7269 6d61 7279 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rimary. \n+00036030: 2046 4154 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 FAT partitions \n+00036040: 6578 6973 7420 696e 206f 6e65 2064 6973 exist in one dis\n+00036050: 6b2e 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f k. See also *no\n+00036060: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 4f53 te. DOS\n+00036070: 2f57 696e 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 /Windows::.....F\n+00036080: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00036090: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c Node: password,\n+000360a0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 Next: password\n+000360b0: 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _pbkdf2, Prev: \n+000360c0: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 parttool, Up: C\n+000360d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+000360e0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3420 7061 ands..17.4.54 pa\n+000360f0: 7373 776f 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ssword.---------\n+00036100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00036110: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2075 mand: password u\n+00036120: 7365 7220 636c 6561 722d 7061 7373 776f ser clear-passwo\n+00036130: 7264 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 rd. Define a\n+00036140: 2075 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 user named USER\n+00036150: 2077 6974 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 2043 with password C\n+00036160: 4c45 4152 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 LEAR-PASSWORD. \n+00036170: 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2053 6563 7572 *Note. Secur\n+00036180: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ity::.....File: \n+00036190: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000361a0: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 : password_pbkdf\n+000361b0: 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 2, Next: plainm\n+000361c0: 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6173 ount, Prev: pas\n+000361d0: 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d sword, Up: Comm\n+000361e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+000361f0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3535 2070 6173 7377 s..17.4.55 passw\n+00036200: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ord_pbkdf2.-----\n+00036210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00036220: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00036230: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 password_pbkdf2\n+00036240: 2075 7365 7220 6861 7368 6564 2d70 6173 user hashed-pas\n+00036250: 7377 6f72 640a 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e sword. Defin\n+00036260: 6520 6120 7573 6572 206e 616d 6564 2055 e a user named U\n+00036270: 5345 5220 7769 7468 2070 6173 7377 6f72 SER with passwor\n+00036280: 6420 6861 7368 2048 4153 4845 442d 5041 d hash HASHED-PA\n+00036290: 5353 574f 5244 2e20 2055 7365 0a20 2020 SSWORD. Use. \n+000362a0: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 ...grub-mkpass\n+000362b0: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e wd-pbkdf2... (*n\n+000362c0: 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ote Invoking gru\n+000362d0: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n+000362e0: 323a 3a29 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2067 656e 2::) to. gen\n+000362f0: 6572 6174 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 erate password h\n+00036300: 6173 6865 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 ashes. *Note Se\n+00036310: 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c curity::.....Fil\n+00036320: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00036330: 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c ode: plainmount,\n+00036340: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2050 Next: play, P\n+00036350: 7265 763a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 rev: password_pb\n+00036360: 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 kdf2, Up: Comma\n+00036370: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00036380: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3620 706c 6169 6e6d ..17.4.56 plainm\n+00036390: 6f75 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ount.-----------\n+000363a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+000363b0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 mand: plainmount\n+000363c0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 2d63 2063 6970 6865 device -c ciphe\n+000363d0: 7220 2d73 206b 6579 2073 697a 6520 5b2d r -s key size [-\n+000363e0: 6820 6861 7368 5d0a 2020 2020 205b e280 h hash]. [..\n+000363f0: 982d 53e2 8099 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 .-S... sector si\n+00036400: 7a65 5d20 5be2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 7061 ze] [...-p... pa\n+00036410: 7373 776f 7264 5d20 5be2 8098 2d75 e280 ssword] [...-u..\n+00036420: 9920 7575 6964 5d20 5b5b e280 982d 64e2 . uuid] [[...-d.\n+00036430: 8099 206b 6579 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 .. keyfile]. \n+00036440: 205b e280 982d 4fe2 8099 206b 6579 6669 [...-O... keyfi\n+00036450: 6c65 206f 6666 7365 745d 5d0a 0a20 2020 le offset]].. \n+00036460: 2020 5365 7475 7020 6163 6365 7373 2074 Setup access t\n+00036470: 6f20 7468 6520 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 o the encrypted \n+00036480: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 device in plain \n+00036490: 6d6f 6465 2e20 204f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 mode. Offset of\n+000364a0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 the. encryp\n+000364b0: 7465 6420 6461 7461 2061 7420 7468 6520 ted data at the \n+000364c0: 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 device is specif\n+000364d0: 6965 6420 696e 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 ied in terms of \n+000364e0: 3531 3220 6279 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7365 512 byte. se\n+000364f0: 6374 6f72 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 ctors using the \n+00036500: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 blocklist syntax\n+00036510: 2061 6e64 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6465 and loopback de\n+00036520: 7669 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 vice. The. \n+00036530: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c following exampl\n+00036540: 6520 7368 6f77 7320 686f 7720 746f 2073 e shows how to s\n+00036550: 7065 6369 6679 2031 4d69 4220 6f66 6673 pecify 1MiB offs\n+00036560: 6574 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c et:.. l\n+00036570: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6e6f 6465 2028 6864 oopback node (hd\n+00036580: 302c 6770 7431 2932 3034 382b 0a20 2020 0,gpt1)2048+. \n+00036590: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e plainmoun\n+000365a0: 7420 6e6f 6465 202e 2e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 t node ..... \n+000365b0: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 The ...plainmou\n+000365c0: 6e74 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 nt... command ca\n+000365d0: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 206f 7065 n be used to ope\n+000365e0: 6e20 4c55 4b53 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 n LUKS encrypted\n+000365f0: 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 2020 2020 2069 6620 volume. if \n+00036600: 6974 7320 6d61 7374 6572 206b 6579 2061 its master key a\n+00036610: 6e64 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 286b nd parameters (k\n+00036620: 6579 2073 697a 652c 2063 6970 6865 722c ey size, cipher,\n+00036630: 206f 6666 7365 742c 2065 7463 290a 2020 offset, etc). \n+00036640: 2020 2061 7265 206b 6e6f 776e 2e0a 0a20 are known... \n+00036650: 2020 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 There are tw\n+00036660: 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 o ways to specif\n+00036670: 7920 6120 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a20 6120 y a password: a \n+00036680: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 616e 6420 6120 7365 keyfile and a se\n+00036690: 6372 6574 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 7068 cret. passph\n+000366a0: 7261 7365 2e20 2054 6865 206b 6579 6669 rase. The keyfi\n+000366b0: 6c65 2070 6174 6820 7061 7261 6d65 7465 le path paramete\n+000366c0: 7220 6861 7320 6869 6768 6572 2070 7269 r has higher pri\n+000366d0: 6f72 6974 7920 7468 616e 0a20 2020 2020 ority than. \n+000366e0: 7468 6520 7365 6372 6574 2070 6173 7370 the secret passp\n+000366f0: 6872 6173 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 hrase parameter \n+00036700: 616e 6420 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 and is specified\n+00036710: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e with the option\n+00036720: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 64e2 8099 2e20 . ...-d.... \n+00036730: 2050 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 206f Password data o\n+00036740: 6274 6169 6e65 6420 6672 6f6d 206b 6579 btained from key\n+00036750: 6669 6c65 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2068 6173 files is not has\n+00036760: 6865 6420 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 hed and is. \n+00036770: 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6173 used directly as\n+00036780: 2061 2063 6970 6865 7220 6b65 792e 2020 a cipher key. \n+00036790: 416e 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 6f66 6673 An optional offs\n+000367a0: 6574 206f 6620 7061 7373 776f 7264 2064 et of password d\n+000367b0: 6174 610a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ata. in the \n+000367c0: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 keyfile can be s\n+000367d0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 pecified with th\n+000367e0: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 e option ...-O..\n+000367f0: 9920 6f72 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 2020 . or directly. \n+00036800: 2020 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f70 7469 with the opti\n+00036810: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 616e 6420 on ...-d... and \n+00036820: 4752 5542 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 GRUB blocklist s\n+00036830: 796e 7461 782c 2069 6620 7468 6520 6b65 yntax, if the ke\n+00036840: 7966 696c 6520 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 yfile data. \n+00036850: 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6363 6573 7365 6420 can be accessed \n+00036860: 6672 6f6d 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e from a device an\n+00036870: 6420 6973 2035 3132 2062 7974 6520 616c d is 512 byte al\n+00036880: 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 igned. The. \n+00036890: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 following examp\n+000368a0: 6c65 2073 686f 7773 2062 6f74 6820 6d65 le shows both me\n+000368b0: 7468 6f64 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 thods to specify\n+000368c0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 2069 password data i\n+000368d0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 n. the keyfi\n+000368e0: 6c65 2061 7420 6f66 6673 6574 2031 4d69 le at offset 1Mi\n+000368f0: 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c B:.. pl\n+00036900: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 202d 6420 2868 6430 ainmount -d (hd0\n+00036910: 2c67 7074 3129 3230 3438 2b20 2e2e 2e0a ,gpt1)2048+ ....\n+00036920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d plainm\n+00036930: 6f75 6e74 202d 6420 2868 6430 2c67 7074 ount -d (hd0,gpt\n+00036940: 3129 2b20 2d4f 2031 3034 3835 3736 202e 1)+ -O 1048576 .\n+00036950: 2e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6e6f 206b .... If no k\n+00036960: 6579 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 eyfile is specif\n+00036970: 6965 6420 7468 656e 2074 6865 2070 6173 ied then the pas\n+00036980: 7377 6f72 6420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 sword is set to \n+00036990: 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 the string. \n+000369a0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 206f 7074 specified by opt\n+000369b0: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206f 7220 ion ...-p... or \n+000369c0: 6973 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2069 6e74 is requested int\n+000369d0: 6572 6163 7469 7665 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 eractively from \n+000369e0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 the. console\n+000369f0: 2e20 2049 6e20 626f 7468 2063 6173 6573 . In both cases\n+00036a00: 2074 6865 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 7061 the provided pa\n+00036a10: 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 6861 7368 6564 ssword is hashed\n+00036a20: 2077 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 2061 with the. a\n+00036a30: 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 2073 7065 6369 6669 lgorithm specifi\n+00036a40: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e ed by the option\n+00036a50: 20e2 8098 2d68 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 ...-h.... This\n+00036a60: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206d 616e 6461 option is manda\n+00036a70: 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6966 206e 6f20 tory. if no \n+00036a80: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 keyfile is speci\n+00036a90: 6669 6564 2c20 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e fied, but it can\n+00036aa0: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 706c be set to ...pl\n+00036ab0: 6169 6ee2 8099 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 ain... which. \n+00036ac0: 2020 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 206e 6f20 means that no \n+00036ad0: 6861 7368 696e 6720 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 hashing is done \n+00036ae0: 616e 6420 7375 6368 2070 6173 7377 6f72 and such passwor\n+00036af0: 6420 6973 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 d is used direct\n+00036b00: 6c79 2061 730a 2020 2020 2061 206b 6579 ly as. a key\n+00036b10: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4369 7068 6572 20e2 ... Cipher .\n+00036b20: 8098 2d63 e280 9920 616e 6420 6b65 7973 ..-c... and keys\n+00036b30: 697a 6520 e280 982d 73e2 8099 206f 7074 ize ...-s... opt\n+00036b40: 696f 6e73 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 ions specify the\n+00036b50: 2063 6970 6865 7220 616c 676f 7269 7468 cipher algorith\n+00036b60: 6d0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206b m. and the k\n+00036b70: 6579 2073 697a 6520 7265 7370 6563 7469 ey size respecti\n+00036b80: 7665 6c79 2061 6e64 2061 7265 206d 616e vely and are man\n+00036b90: 6461 746f 7279 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 datory options. \n+00036ba0: 2043 6970 6865 720a 2020 2020 206d 7573 Cipher. mus\n+00036bb0: 7420 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 t be specified w\n+00036bc0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 2073 6570 ith the mode sep\n+00036bd0: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 6461 7368 arated by a dash\n+00036be0: 2028 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a20 (for example,. \n+00036bf0: 2020 2020 e280 9861 6573 2d78 7473 2d70 ...aes-xts-p\n+00036c00: 6c61 696e 3634 e280 9929 2e20 204b 6579 lain64...). Key\n+00036c10: 2073 697a 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 size option ...\n+00036c20: 2d73 e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 206b 6579 -s... is the key\n+00036c30: 2073 697a 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 size of the. \n+00036c40: 2020 6369 7068 6572 2069 6e20 6269 7473 cipher in bits\n+00036c50: 2c20 6e6f 7420 746f 2062 6520 636f 6e66 , not to be conf\n+00036c60: 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f66 used with the of\n+00036c70: 6673 6574 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7920 fset of the key \n+00036c80: 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 206b data. in a k\n+00036c90: 6579 6669 6c65 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 eyfile specified\n+00036ca0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 4fe2 with the ...-O.\n+00036cb0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 4974 206d .. option. It m\n+00036cc0: 7573 7420 6e6f 7420 6578 6365 6564 0a20 ust not exceed. \n+00036cd0: 2020 2020 3130 3234 2062 6974 732c 2073 1024 bits, s\n+00036ce0: 6f20 6120 3332 2062 7974 6520 6b65 7920 o a 32 byte key \n+00036cf0: 776f 756c 6420 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 would be specifi\n+00036d00: 6564 2061 7320 3235 3620 6269 7473 0a0a ed as 256 bits..\n+00036d10: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e61 The optiona\n+00036d20: 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 e280 982d l parameter ...-\n+00036d30: 53e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2065 S... specifies e\n+00036d40: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 ncrypted device \n+00036d50: 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 sector size.. \n+00036d60: 2020 4974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 7420 It must be at \n+00036d70: 6c65 6173 7420 3531 3220 6279 7465 7320 least 512 bytes \n+00036d80: 6c6f 6e67 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 long (default va\n+00036d90: 6c75 6529 2061 6e64 2061 2070 6f77 6572 lue) and a power\n+00036da0: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2032 2e20 2028 3129 of. 2. (1)\n+00036db0: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f (*note plainmo\n+00036dc0: 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a unt-Footnote-1::\n+00036dd0: 292e 2020 4469 736b 2073 6563 746f 7220 ). Disk sector \n+00036de0: 7369 7a65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e size is. con\n+00036df0: 6669 6775 7265 6420 7768 656e 2063 7265 figured when cre\n+00036e00: 6174 696e 6720 7468 6520 656e 6372 7970 ating the encryp\n+00036e10: 7465 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 2e20 2041 7474 ted volume. Att\n+00036e20: 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 empting to. \n+00036e30: 6465 6372 7970 7420 766f 6c75 6d65 7320 decrypt volumes \n+00036e40: 7769 7468 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 with a different\n+00036e50: 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2074 6861 sector size tha\n+00036e60: 6e20 6974 2077 6173 2063 7265 6174 6564 n it was created\n+00036e70: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2077 696c 6c20 . with will \n+00036e80: 6e6f 7420 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 616e not result in an\n+00036e90: 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 6275 7420 7769 6c6c error, but will\n+00036ea0: 2064 6563 7279 7074 2074 6f20 7261 6e64 decrypt to rand\n+00036eb0: 6f6d 2062 7974 6573 0a20 2020 2020 616e om bytes. an\n+00036ec0: 6420 7468 7573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2061 d thus prevent a\n+00036ed0: 6363 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2076 6f6c ccessing the vol\n+00036ee0: 756d 6520 2869 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 ume (in some cas\n+00036ef0: 6573 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 es the filesyste\n+00036f00: 6d0a 2020 2020 2064 7269 7665 7220 6361 m. driver ca\n+00036f10: 6e20 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2070 7265 n detect the pre\n+00036f20: 7365 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 2066 696c 6573 sence of a files\n+00036f30: 7973 7465 6d2c 2062 7574 206e 6576 6572 ystem, but never\n+00036f40: 7468 656c 6573 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c theless. wil\n+00036f50: 6c20 7265 6675 7365 2074 6f20 6d6f 756e l refuse to moun\n+00036f60: 7420 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 t it)... By \n+00036f70: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e65 7720 706c 6169 default new plai\n+00036f80: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 nmount devices w\n+00036f90: 696c 6c20 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 2055 ill be given a U\n+00036fa0: 5549 4420 7374 6172 7469 6e67 0a20 2020 UID starting. \n+00036fb0: 2020 7769 7468 2027 3130 3966 6561 3834 with '109fea84\n+00036fc0: 2d61 3662 372d 3334 6138 2d34 6264 312d -a6b7-34a8-4bd1-\n+00036fd0: 3163 3530 3633 3035 6134 3031 2720 7768 1c506305a401' wh\n+00036fe0: 6572 6520 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2064 6967 ere the last dig\n+00036ff0: 6974 730a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2069 6e63 its. are inc\n+00037000: 7265 6d65 6e74 6564 2062 7920 6f6e 6520 remented by one \n+00037010: 666f 7220 6561 6368 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f for each plainmo\n+00037020: 756e 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 2062 6579 unted device bey\n+00037030: 6f6e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6972 ond the. fir\n+00037040: 7374 2075 7020 746f 2032 5e31 3020 6465 st up to 2^10 de\n+00037050: 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c6c vices... All\n+00037060: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 encryption argu\n+00037070: 6d65 6e74 7320 2863 6970 6865 722c 2068 ments (cipher, h\n+00037080: 6173 682c 206b 6579 2073 697a 652c 2064 ash, key size, d\n+00037090: 6973 6b20 6f66 6673 6574 2061 6e64 0a20 isk offset and. \n+000370a0: 2020 2020 6469 736b 2073 6563 746f 7220 disk sector \n+000370b0: 7369 7a65 2920 6d75 7374 206d 6174 6368 size) must match\n+000370c0: 2074 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 the parameters \n+000370d0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6372 6561 7465 2074 used to create t\n+000370e0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 766f 6c75 6d65 2e20 he. volume. \n+000370f0: 2049 6620 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 6d20 If any of them \n+00037100: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 206d 6174 6368 2074 does not match t\n+00037110: 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 he actual argume\n+00037120: 6e74 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6475 nts used. du\n+00037130: 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2069 6e69 7469 616c ring the initial\n+00037140: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e2c 2070 6c61 encryption, pla\n+00037150: 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 inmount will cre\n+00037160: 6174 6520 7669 7274 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 ate virtual. \n+00037170: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 2074 6865 device with the\n+00037180: 2067 6172 6261 6765 2064 6174 6120 616e garbage data an\n+00037190: 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7265 706f d GRUB will repo\n+000371a0: 7274 2075 6e6b 6e6f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 rt unknown. \n+000371b0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2066 6f72 2073 filesystem for s\n+000371c0: 7563 6820 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 uch device.....F\n+000371d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000371e0: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e Node: plainmoun\n+000371f0: 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 t-Footnotes, Up\n+00037200: 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 0a0a 2020 : plainmount.. \n+00037210: 2028 3129 2043 7572 7265 6e74 2069 6d70 (1) Current imp\n+00037220: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 lementation of c\n+00037230: 7279 7074 7365 7475 7020 7375 7070 6f72 ryptsetup suppor\n+00037240: 7473 206f 6e6c 790a 3531 322f 3130 3234 ts only.512/1024\n+00037250: 2f32 3034 382f 3430 3936 2062 7974 6520 /2048/4096 byte \n+00037260: 7365 6374 6f72 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a sectors....File:\n+00037270: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00037280: 653a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: play, Next: \n+00037290: 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c probe, Prev: pl\n+000372a0: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ainmount, Up: C\n+000372b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+000372c0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3720 706c ands..17.4.57 pl\n+000372d0: 6179 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ay.------------.\n+000372e0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 706c . -- Command: pl\n+000372f0: 6179 2066 696c 6520 7c20 7465 6d70 6f20 ay file | tempo \n+00037300: 5b70 6974 6368 3120 6475 7261 7469 6f6e [pitch1 duration\n+00037310: 315d 205b 7069 7463 6832 2064 7572 6174 1] [pitch2 durat\n+00037320: 696f 6e32 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 ion2] .... P\n+00037330: 6c61 7973 2061 2074 756e 650a 0a20 2020 lays a tune.. \n+00037340: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e If the argumen\n+00037350: 7420 6973 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 t is a file name\n+00037360: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d (*note File nam\n+00037370: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2070 6c61 e syntax::), pla\n+00037380: 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 756e 6520 y the. tune \n+00037390: 7265 636f 7264 6564 2069 6e20 6974 2e20 recorded in it. \n+000373a0: 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 The file format\n+000373b0: 2069 7320 6669 7273 7420 7468 6520 7465 is first the te\n+000373c0: 6d70 6f20 6173 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 mpo as an. u\n+000373d0: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 3332 6269 7420 6c69 nsigned 32bit li\n+000373e0: 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 6e75 6d62 ttle-endian numb\n+000373f0: 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2070 6169 7273 206f er, then pairs o\n+00037400: 6620 756e 7369 676e 6564 2031 3662 6974 f unsigned 16bit\n+00037410: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 . little-end\n+00037420: 6961 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 ian numbers for \n+00037430: 7069 7463 6820 616e 6420 6475 7261 7469 pitch and durati\n+00037440: 6f6e 2070 6169 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 on pairs... \n+00037450: 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 If the arguments\n+00037460: 2061 7265 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 are a series of\n+00037470: 206e 756d 6265 7273 2c20 706c 6179 2074 numbers, play t\n+00037480: 6865 2069 6e6c 696e 6520 7475 6e65 2e0a he inline tune..\n+00037490: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 6d70 6f20 . The tempo \n+000374a0: 6973 2074 6865 2062 6173 6520 666f 7220 is the base for \n+000374b0: 616c 6c20 6e6f 7465 2064 7572 6174 696f all note duratio\n+000374c0: 6e73 2e20 2036 3020 6769 7665 7320 6120 ns. 60 gives a \n+000374d0: 312d 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6261 1-second. ba\n+000374e0: 7365 2c20 3132 3020 6769 7665 7320 6120 se, 120 gives a \n+000374f0: 6861 6c66 2d73 6563 6f6e 6420 6261 7365 half-second base\n+00037500: 2c20 6574 632e 2020 5069 7463 6865 7320 , etc. Pitches \n+00037510: 6172 6520 487a 2e20 2053 6574 0a20 2020 are Hz. Set. \n+00037520: 2020 7069 7463 6820 746f 2030 2074 6f20 pitch to 0 to \n+00037530: 7072 6f64 7563 6520 6120 7265 7374 2e0a produce a rest..\n+00037540: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00037550: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 726f 6265 fo, Node: probe\n+00037560: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 , Next: rdmsr, \n+00037570: 2050 7265 763a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 5570 Prev: play, Up\n+00037580: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00037590: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3538 ommands..17.4.58\n+000375a0: 2070 726f 6265 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d probe.---------\n+000375b0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+000375c0: 643a 2070 726f 6265 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 d: probe [--set \n+000375d0: 7661 725d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d var]. -\n+000375e0: 2d64 7269 7665 727c 2d2d 7061 7274 6d61 -driver|--partma\n+000375f0: 707c 2d2d 6673 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 p|--fs|--fs-uuid\n+00037600: 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d70 6172 742d |--label|--part-\n+00037610: 7575 6964 2064 6576 6963 650a 2020 2020 uuid device. \n+00037620: 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 6465 7669 6365 Retrieve device\n+00037630: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 information. I\n+00037640: 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 f option ...--se\n+00037650: 74e2 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2061 t... is given, a\n+00037660: 7373 6967 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 6573 756c ssign. resul\n+00037670: 7420 746f 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 t to variable VA\n+00037680: 522c 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2070 7269 R, otherwise pri\n+00037690: 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f nt information o\n+000376a0: 6e20 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a20 n the screen... \n+000376b0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 The option .\n+000376c0: 8098 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 ..--part-uuid...\n+000376d0: 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e is currently on\n+000376e0: 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2066 ly implemented f\n+000376f0: 6f72 204d 5344 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 616e or MSDOS. an\n+00037700: 6420 4750 5420 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 d GPT formatted \n+00037710: 6469 736b 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 disks.....File: \n+00037720: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00037730: 3a20 7264 6d73 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : rdmsr, Next: \n+00037740: 7265 6164 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 726f read, Prev: pro\n+00037750: 6265 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 be, Up: Command\n+00037760: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00037770: 3137 2e34 2e35 3920 7264 6d73 720a 2d2d 17.4.59 rdmsr.--\n+00037780: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00037790: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a3a 2072 646d 7372 Command:: rdmsr\n+000377a0: 2030 7841 4444 5220 5b2d 7620 5641 524e 0xADDR [-v VARN\n+000377b0: 414d 455d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2061 AME]. Read a\n+000377c0: 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 model-specific \n+000377d0: 7265 6769 7374 6572 2061 7420 6164 6472 register at addr\n+000377e0: 6573 7320 3078 4144 4452 2e20 4966 2074 ess 0xADDR. If t\n+000377f0: 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 0a20 2020 he parameter. \n+00037800: 2020 e280 982d 76e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 ...-v... is us\n+00037810: 6564 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f ed and an enviro\n+00037820: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 nment variable V\n+00037830: 4152 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c ARNAME is given,\n+00037840: 2073 6574 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2065 set that. e\n+00037850: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00037860: 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ble to the value\n+00037870: 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 7265 6164 2e0a that was read..\n+00037880: 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6561 7365 206e 6f74 . Please not\n+00037890: 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e20 534d 5020 7379 e that on SMP sy\n+000378a0: 7374 656d 732c 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2066 stems, reading f\n+000378b0: 726f 6d20 6120 4d53 5220 7468 6174 2068 rom a MSR that h\n+000378c0: 6173 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7363 6f70 6520 as a. scope \n+000378d0: 7065 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2074 6872 per hardware thr\n+000378e0: 6561 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 6861 ead, implies tha\n+000378f0: 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 t the value that\n+00037900: 2069 7320 7265 7475 726e 6564 0a20 2020 is returned. \n+00037910: 2020 6f6e 6c79 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 only applies t\n+00037920: 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 o the particular\n+00037930: 2063 7075 2f63 6f72 652f 7468 7265 6164 cpu/core/thread\n+00037940: 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 2074 6865 0a20 that runs the. \n+00037950: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 command... \n+00037960: 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 Also, if you \n+00037970: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 7265 7365 7276 specify a reserv\n+00037980: 6564 206f 7220 756e 696d 706c 656d 656e ed or unimplemen\n+00037990: 7465 6420 4d53 5220 6164 6472 6573 732c ted MSR address,\n+000379a0: 2069 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6361 it. will ca\n+000379b0: 7573 6520 6120 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 use a general pr\n+000379c0: 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7469 otection excepti\n+000379d0: 6f6e 2028 7768 6963 6820 6973 206e 6f74 on (which is not\n+000379e0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 currently. \n+000379f0: 6265 696e 6720 6861 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 being handled) a\n+00037a00: 6e64 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7769 nd the system wi\n+00037a10: 6c6c 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ll reboot.....Fi\n+00037a20: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00037a30: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 204e 6578 Node: read, Nex\n+00037a40: 743a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 t: reboot, Prev\n+00037a50: 3a20 7264 6d73 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : rdmsr, Up: Co\n+00037a60: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00037a70: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3630 2072 6561 nds..17.4.60 rea\n+00037a80: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a d.------------..\n+00037a90: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6561 -- Command: rea\n+00037aa0: 6420 5b2d 735d 205b 7661 725d 0a20 2020 d [-s] [var]. \n+00037ab0: 2020 5265 6164 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 Read a line of\n+00037ac0: 2069 6e70 7574 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 input from the \n+00037ad0: 7573 6572 2e20 2049 6620 616e 2065 6e76 user. If an env\n+00037ae0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00037af0: 6520 5641 520a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6769 e VAR. is gi\n+00037b00: 7665 6e2c 2073 6574 2074 6861 7420 656e ven, set that en\n+00037b10: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00037b20: 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 206f le to the line o\n+00037b30: 6620 696e 7075 7420 7468 6174 0a20 2020 f input that. \n+00037b40: 2020 7761 7320 7265 6164 2c20 7769 7468 was read, with\n+00037b50: 206e 6f20 7465 726d 696e 6174 696e 6720 no terminating \n+00037b60: 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 4966 2074 6865 newline. If the\n+00037b70: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 20e2 8098 2d73 parameter ...-s\n+00037b80: e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 ... is. used\n+00037b90: 2c20 656e 6162 6c65 2073 696c 656e 7420 , enable silent \n+00037ba0: 6d6f 6465 2077 6865 7265 2069 6e70 7574 mode where input\n+00037bb0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7072 696e 7465 6420 is not printed \n+00037bc0: 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d to the. term\n+00037bd0: 696e 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 inal.....File: g\n+00037be0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00037bf0: 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 reboot, Next: \n+00037c00: 7265 6765 7870 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 regexp, Prev: r\n+00037c10: 6561 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ead, Up: Comman\n+00037c20: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00037c30: 0a31 372e 342e 3631 2072 6562 6f6f 740a .17.4.61 reboot.\n+00037c40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00037c50: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6562 -- Command: reb\n+00037c60: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2052 6562 6f6f 7420 oot. Reboot \n+00037c70: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a 0a1f the computer....\n+00037c80: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00037c90: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6567 6578 702c , Node: regexp,\n+00037ca0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 Next: rmmod, \n+00037cb0: 5072 6576 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 Prev: reboot, U\n+00037cc0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00037cd0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 commands..17.4.6\n+00037ce0: 3220 7265 6765 7870 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2 regexp.-------\n+00037cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00037d00: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 6765 7870 205b 2d2d mand: regexp [--\n+00037d10: 7365 7420 5b6e 756d 6265 723a 5d76 6172 set [number:]var\n+00037d20: 5d20 7265 6765 7870 2073 7472 696e 670a ] regexp string.\n+00037d30: 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 6966 2072 6567 Test if reg\n+00037d40: 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 ular expression \n+00037d50: 5245 4745 5850 206d 6174 6368 6573 2053 REGEXP matches S\n+00037d60: 5452 494e 472e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 TRING. Supporte\n+00037d70: 640a 2020 2020 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 d. regular e\n+00037d80: 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2050 xpressions are P\n+00037d90: 4f53 4958 2e32 2045 7874 656e 6465 6420 OSIX.2 Extended \n+00037da0: 5265 6775 6c61 7220 4578 7072 6573 7369 Regular Expressi\n+00037db0: 6f6e 732e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 ons. If. op\n+00037dc0: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 tion ...--set...\n+00037dd0: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 746f 7265 is given, store\n+00037de0: 204e 554d 4245 5274 6820 6d61 7463 6865 NUMBERth matche\n+00037df0: 6420 7375 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 d subexpression \n+00037e00: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 in. variable\n+00037e10: 2056 4152 2e20 2053 7562 6578 7072 6573 VAR. Subexpres\n+00037e20: 7369 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 sions are number\n+00037e30: 6564 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2074 ed in order of t\n+00037e40: 6865 6972 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 656e 696e heir. openin\n+00037e50: 6720 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 7374 g parentheses st\n+00037e60: 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9831 arting from ...1\n+00037e70: e280 992e 2020 4e55 4d42 4552 2064 6566 .... NUMBER def\n+00037e80: 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 aults to ...1...\n+00037e90: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00037ea0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6d6d info, Node: rmm\n+00037eb0: 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6176 655f od, Next: save_\n+00037ec0: 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7265 6765 env, Prev: rege\n+00037ed0: 7870 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 xp, Up: Command\n+00037ee0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00037ef0: 3137 2e34 2e36 3320 726d 6d6f 640a 2d2d 17.4.63 rmmod.--\n+00037f00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00037f10: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 726d 6d6f 6420 Command: rmmod \n+00037f20: 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f module. Remo\n+00037f30: 7665 2061 206c 6f61 6465 6420 4d4f 4455 ve a loaded MODU\n+00037f40: 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 LE.....File: gru\n+00037f50: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n+00037f60: 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ave_env, Next: \n+00037f70: 7365 6172 6368 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 search, Prev: r\n+00037f80: 6d6d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 mmod, Up: Comma\n+00037f90: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00037fa0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3420 7361 7665 5f65 ..17.4.64 save_e\n+00037fb0: 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nv.-------------\n+00037fc0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00037fd0: 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 : save_env [--fi\n+00037fe0: 6c65 2066 696c 655d 2076 6172 202e 2e2e le file] var ...\n+00037ff0: 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7665 2074 6865 206e . Save the n\n+00038000: 616d 6564 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 amed variables f\n+00038010: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d rom the environm\n+00038020: 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 ent to the envir\n+00038030: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 onment. bloc\n+00038040: 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2045 k file. *Note E\n+00038050: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+00038060: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 ::... The ..\n+00038070: 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f .--file... optio\n+00038080: 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 n overrides the \n+00038090: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e default location\n+000380a0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 of the. env\n+000380b0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a ironment block..\n+000380c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n+000380d0: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 6520 nd will operate \n+000380e0: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2065 7665 successfully eve\n+000380f0: 6e20 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 n when environme\n+00038100: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 nt. variable\n+00038110: 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ...check_signat\n+00038120: 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ures... is set t\n+00038130: 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 9920 o ...enforce... \n+00038140: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6563 (*note. chec\n+00038150: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292c k_signatures::),\n+00038160: 2073 696e 6365 2069 7420 7772 6974 6573 since it writes\n+00038170: 2074 6f20 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2064 6f65 to disk and doe\n+00038180: 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 7220 7468 650a s not alter the.\n+00038190: 2020 2020 2062 6568 6176 696f 7220 6f66 behavior of\n+000381a0: 2047 5255 4220 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2061 GRUB based on a\n+000381b0: 6e79 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 ny contents of d\n+000381c0: 6973 6b20 7468 6174 2068 6176 6520 6265 isk that have be\n+000381d0: 656e 2072 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 en read.. It\n+000381e0: 2069 7320 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 is possible to \n+000381f0: 6d6f 6469 6679 2061 2064 6967 6974 616c modify a digital\n+00038200: 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f ly signed enviro\n+00038210: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 nment block file\n+00038220: 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 . from withi\n+00038230: 6e20 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 n GRUB using thi\n+00038240: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2073 7563 6820 s command, such \n+00038250: 7468 6174 2069 7473 2073 6967 6e61 7475 that its signatu\n+00038260: 7265 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f20 re will. no \n+00038270: 6c6f 6e67 6572 2062 6520 7661 6c69 6420 longer be valid \n+00038280: 6f6e 2073 7562 7365 7175 656e 7420 626f on subsequent bo\n+00038290: 6f74 732e 2020 4361 7265 2073 686f 756c ots. Care shoul\n+000382a0: 6420 6265 2074 616b 656e 2069 6e0a 2020 d be taken in. \n+000382b0: 2020 2073 7563 6820 6164 7661 6e63 6564 such advanced\n+000382c0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 configurations \n+000382d0: 746f 2061 766f 6964 2072 656e 6465 7269 to avoid renderi\n+000382e0: 6e67 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 ng the system. \n+000382f0: 2020 2075 6e62 6f6f 7461 626c 652e 2020 unbootable. \n+00038300: 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 *Note Using digi\n+00038310: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a tal signatures::\n+00038320: 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 , for more. \n+00038330: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a information.....\n+00038340: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00038350: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 2c20 Node: search, \n+00038360: 204e 6578 743a 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 Next: sendkey, \n+00038370: 2050 7265 763a 2073 6176 655f 656e 762c Prev: save_env,\n+00038380: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00038390: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+000383a0: 342e 3635 2073 6561 7263 680a 2d2d 2d2d 4.65 search.----\n+000383b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+000383c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6561 7263 6820 Command: search \n+000383d0: 5b2d 2d66 696c 657c 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c [--file|--label|\n+000383e0: 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 645d 205b 2d2d 7365 --fs-uuid] [--se\n+000383f0: 7420 5b76 6172 5d5d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t [var]]. \n+00038400: 2020 205b 2d2d 6e6f 2d66 6c6f 7070 797c [--no-floppy|\n+00038410: 2d2d 6566 6964 6973 6b2d 6f6e 6c79 5d20 --efidisk-only] \n+00038420: 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 name. Search\n+00038430: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 6669 6c65 devices by file\n+00038440: 2028 e280 982d 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d (...-f..., ...-\n+00038450: 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 292c 2066 696c 6573 -file...), files\n+00038460: 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c20 28e2 8098 ystem label (...\n+00038470: 2d6c e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d -l...,. ...-\n+00038480: 2d6c 6162 656c e280 9929 2c20 6f72 2066 -label...), or f\n+00038490: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 5555 4944 2028 ilesystem UUID (\n+000384a0: e280 982d 75e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d66 ...-u..., ...--f\n+000384b0: 732d 7575 6964 e280 9929 2e0a 0a20 2020 s-uuid...)... \n+000384c0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2028 e280 982d 73e2 If the (...-s.\n+000384d0: 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9929 .., ...--set...)\n+000384e0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c option is used,\n+000384f0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2064 6576 6963 the first devic\n+00038500: 6520 666f 756e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 e found is. \n+00038510: 7365 7420 6173 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 set as the value\n+00038520: 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 of environment \n+00038530: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2054 variable VAR. T\n+00038540: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2076 6172 6961 he default varia\n+00038550: 626c 650a 2020 2020 2069 7320 e280 9872 ble. is ...r\n+00038560: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 oot...... Th\n+00038570: 6520 28e2 8098 2d6e e280 992c 20e2 8098 e (...-n..., ...\n+00038580: 2d2d 6e6f 2d66 6c6f 7070 79e2 8099 2920 --no-floppy...) \n+00038590: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 option prevents \n+000385a0: 7365 6172 6368 696e 6720 666c 6f70 7079 searching floppy\n+000385b0: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 devices,. w\n+000385c0: 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 736c 6f77 hich can be slow\n+000385d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 28e2 8098 ... The (...\n+000385e0: 2d2d 6566 6964 6973 6b2d 6f6e 6c79 e280 --efidisk-only..\n+000385f0: 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 6576 656e .) option preven\n+00038600: 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 2061 6e79 ts searching any\n+00038610: 206f 7468 6572 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 other devices. \n+00038620: 2020 2020 7468 656e 2045 4649 2064 6973 then EFI dis\n+00038630: 6b73 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2074 7970 ks. This is typ\n+00038640: 6963 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6420 7768 656e ically used when\n+00038650: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 746f chainloading to\n+00038660: 206c 6f63 616c 0a20 2020 2020 4546 4920 local. EFI \n+00038670: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 partition... \n+00038680: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 The ...search.f\n+00038690: 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 ile..., ...searc\n+000386a0: 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c e280 992c 2061 h.fs_label..., a\n+000386b0: 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f nd ...search.fs_\n+000386c0: 7575 6964 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 uuid... commands\n+000386d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 616c 6961 7365 . are aliase\n+000386e0: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 s for ...search \n+000386f0: 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7365 --file..., ...se\n+00038700: 6172 6368 202d 2d6c 6162 656c e280 992c arch --label...,\n+00038710: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 0a20 and ...search. \n+00038720: 2020 2020 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 --fs-uuid...\n+00038730: 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a respectively...\n+00038740: 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f20 6869 6e74 7320 Also hints \n+00038750: 6173 2074 6f20 7768 6963 6820 6465 7669 as to which devi\n+00038760: 6365 206d 6179 2062 6520 7468 6520 6d6f ce may be the mo\n+00038770: 7374 206c 696b 656c 7920 746f 2063 6f6e st likely to con\n+00038780: 7461 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 tain the. it\n+00038790: 656d 2073 6561 7263 6865 6420 666f 7220 em searched for \n+000387a0: 6d61 7920 6265 2067 6976 656e 2076 6961 may be given via\n+000387b0: 2074 6865 2028 e280 982d 68e2 8099 2c20 the (...-h..., \n+000387c0: e280 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 ...--hint...) op\n+000387d0: 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 2061 tion with. a\n+000387e0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7320 device name as \n+000387f0: 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 742e 2020 4966 an argument. If\n+00038800: 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 656e the argument en\n+00038810: 6473 2077 6974 6820 6120 636f 6d6d 612c ds with a comma,\n+00038820: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e 2070 6172 7469 . then parti\n+00038830: 7469 6f6e 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6576 tions on the dev\n+00038840: 6963 6520 6172 6520 616c 736f 2073 6561 ice are also sea\n+00038850: 7263 6865 642e 2020 4675 7274 6865 726d rched. Furtherm\n+00038860: 6f72 652c 0a20 2020 2020 706c 6174 666f ore,. platfo\n+00038870: 726d 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 6869 6e74 rm specific hint\n+00038880: 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2067 6976 656e 2076 s may be given v\n+00038890: 6961 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a20 ia the options. \n+000388a0: 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6965 ...--hint-ie\n+000388b0: 6565 3132 3735 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d ee1275..., ...--\n+000388c0: 6869 6e74 2d62 696f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 hint-bios..., ..\n+000388d0: 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6261 7265 6d65 7461 .--hint-baremeta\n+000388e0: 6ce2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d l..., ...--hint-\n+000388f0: 6566 69e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 efi...,. and\n+00038900: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d61 7263 e280 ...--hint-arc..\n+00038910: 992e 2020 5768 656e 2073 7065 6369 6669 .. When specifi\n+00038920: 6564 2c20 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e ed, these option\n+00038930: 7320 7461 6b65 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 s take an argume\n+00038940: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6f70 6572 nt. and oper\n+00038950: 6174 6520 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 ate like ...--hi\n+00038960: 6e74 e280 992c 2062 7574 206f 6e6c 7920 nt..., but only \n+00038970: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 on the specified\n+00038980: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 platform.....Fi\n+00038990: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000389a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 Node: sendkey, \n+000389b0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5072 6576 Next: set, Prev\n+000389c0: 3a20 7365 6172 6368 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : search, Up: C\n+000389d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+000389e0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3620 7365 ands..17.4.66 se\n+000389f0: 6e64 6b65 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ndkey.----------\n+00038a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00038a10: 6e64 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 2020 2020 nd: sendkey. \n+00038a20: 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 756d 7c2d 2d63 [--num|--c\n+00038a30: 6170 737c 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 7c2d 2d69 aps|--scroll|--i\n+00038a40: 6e73 6572 747c 2d2d 7061 7573 657c 2d2d nsert|--pause|--\n+00038a50: 6c65 6674 2d73 6869 6674 7c2d 2d72 6967 left-shift|--rig\n+00038a60: 6874 2d73 6869 6674 7c2d 2d73 7973 7271 ht-shift|--sysrq\n+00038a70: 7c2d 2d6e 756d 6b65 797c 2d2d 6361 7073 |--numkey|--caps\n+00038a80: 6b65 797c 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 797c key|--scrollkey|\n+00038a90: 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 6b65 797c 2d2d 6c65 --insertkey|--le\n+00038aa0: 6674 2d61 6c74 7c2d 2d72 6967 6874 2d61 ft-alt|--right-a\n+00038ab0: 6c74 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 6374 726c 7c2d lt|--left-ctrl|-\n+00038ac0: 2d72 6967 6874 2d63 7472 6c0a 2020 2020 -right-ctrl. \n+00038ad0: 2020 2020 2020 6f6e 7c6f 6666 5d2e 2e2e on|off]...\n+00038ae0: 205b 6e6f 2d6c 6564 5d20 6b65 7973 7472 [no-led] keystr\n+00038af0: 6f6b 650a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 oke. Insert \n+00038b00: 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 keystrokes into \n+00038b10: 7468 6520 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 the keyboard buf\n+00038b20: 6665 7220 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 fer when booting\n+00038b30: 2e20 2053 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 0a20 2020 . Sometimes. \n+00038b40: 2020 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 an operating s\n+00038b50: 7973 7465 6d20 6f72 2063 6861 696e 6c6f ystem or chainlo\n+00038b60: 6164 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 aded boot loader\n+00038b70: 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 7061 7274 6963 requires partic\n+00038b80: 756c 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7973 2074 ular. keys t\n+00038b90: 6f20 6265 2070 7265 7373 6564 3a20 666f o be pressed: fo\n+00038ba0: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 206f 6e65 206d r example, one m\n+00038bb0: 6967 6874 206e 6565 6420 746f 2070 7265 ight need to pre\n+00038bc0: 7373 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6963 ss a. partic\n+00038bd0: 756c 6172 206b 6579 2074 6f20 656e 7465 ular key to ente\n+00038be0: 7220 2273 6166 6520 6d6f 6465 222c 206f r \"safe mode\", o\n+00038bf0: 7220 7768 656e 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 r when chainload\n+00038c00: 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 720a 2020 2020 ing another. \n+00038c10: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e65 boot loader one\n+00038c20: 206d 6967 6874 2073 656e 6420 6b65 7973 might send keys\n+00038c30: 7472 6f6b 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2074 6f20 trokes to it to \n+00038c40: 6e61 7669 6761 7465 2069 7473 206d 656e navigate its men\n+00038c50: 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 u... 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F5 \n 00039510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2046 350a 2020 2020 2046 F5. F\n-00039530: 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6 \n-00039540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 360a F6.\n-00039550: 2020 2020 2046 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 F7 \n+00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 350a 2020 F5. \n+00039530: 2020 2046 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F6 \n+00039540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039550: 2046 360a 2020 2020 2046 3720 2020 2020 F6. F7 \n 00039560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039570: 2020 2046 370a 2020 2020 2046 3820 2020 F7. F8 \n-00039580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 380a 2020 2020 F8. \n-000395a0: 2046 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F9 \n-000395b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 F\n-000395c0: 390a 2020 2020 2046 3130 2020 2020 2020 9. F10 \n+00039570: 2020 2020 2020 2046 370a 2020 2020 2046 F7. F\n+00039580: 3820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 8 \n+00039590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 380a F8.\n+000395a0: 2020 2020 2046 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 F9 \n+000395b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000395c0: 2020 2046 390a 2020 2020 2046 3130 2020 F9. F10 \n 000395d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000395e0: 2020 2020 2046 3130 0a20 2020 2020 4631 F10. F1\n-000395f0: 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 1 \n-00039600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 310a F11.\n-00039610: 2020 2020 2046 3132 2020 2020 2020 2020 F12 \n+000395e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 3130 0a20 2020 F10. \n+000395f0: 2020 4631 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F11 \n+00039600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039610: 4631 310a 2020 2020 2046 3132 2020 2020 F11. F12 \n 00039620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039630: 2020 2046 3132 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d31 F12. num1\n-00039640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3120 286e 756d 1 (num\n-00039660: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-00039670: 2020 6e75 6d32 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num2 \n+00039630: 2020 2020 2020 2046 3132 0a20 2020 2020 F12. \n+00039640: 6e75 6d31 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num1 \n+00039650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3120 1 \n+00039660: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+00039670: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d32 2020 2020 2020 . num2 \n 00039680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039690: 3220 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 2 (numeric keypa\n-000396a0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d33 2020 2020 d). num3 \n+00039690: 2020 2020 3220 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 2 (numeric k\n+000396a0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d33 eypad). num3\n 000396b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000396c0: 2020 2020 2020 3320 286e 756d 6572 6963 3 (numeric\n-000396d0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-000396e0: 6d34 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m4 \n-000396f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3420 286e 4 (n\n-00039700: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039710: 2020 2020 6e75 6d35 2020 2020 2020 2020 num5 \n+000396c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3320 286e 756d 3 (num\n+000396d0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+000396e0: 2020 6e75 6d34 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num4 \n+000396f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039700: 3420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 4 (numeric keypa\n+00039710: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d35 2020 2020 d). num5 \n 00039720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039730: 2020 3520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 5 (numeric key\n-00039740: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d36 2020 pad). num6 \n-00039750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3620 286e 756d 6572 6 (numer\n-00039770: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-00039780: 6e75 6d37 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num7 \n-00039790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3720 7 \n-000397a0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-000397b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d38 2020 2020 2020 . num8 \n+00039730: 2020 2020 2020 3520 286e 756d 6572 6963 5 (numeric\n+00039740: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+00039750: 6d36 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m6 \n+00039760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3620 286e 6 (n\n+00039770: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+00039780: 2020 2020 6e75 6d37 2020 2020 2020 2020 num7 \n+00039790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000397a0: 2020 3720 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7 (numeric key\n+000397b0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d38 2020 pad). num8 \n 000397c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000397d0: 2020 2020 3820 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 8 (numeric k\n-000397e0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d39 eypad). num9\n-000397f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3920 286e 756d 9 (num\n-00039810: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-00039820: 2020 6e75 6d30 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num0 \n+000397d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3820 286e 756d 6572 8 (numer\n+000397e0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+000397f0: 6e75 6d39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num9 \n+00039800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3920 9 \n+00039810: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+00039820: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d30 2020 2020 2020 . num0 \n 00039830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039840: 3020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 0 (numeric keypa\n-00039850: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6572 696f d). numperio\n-00039860: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d \n-00039870: 2020 2020 2020 2e20 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 . (numeri\n-00039880: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-00039890: 756d 656e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 umend \n-000398a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e64 End\n-000398b0: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-000398c0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 646f 776e 2020 ). numdown \n-000398d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000398e0: 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e20 286e 756d 6572 Down (numer\n-000398f0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-00039900: 6e75 6d70 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 numpgdown \n-00039910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 Pa\n-00039920: 6765 2044 6f77 6e20 286e 756d 6572 6963 ge Down (numeric\n-00039930: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-00039940: 6d6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mleft \n-00039950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c65 6674 Left\n-00039960: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00039970: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6365 6e74 6572 ). numcenter\n-00039980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039990: 2020 2020 2035 2077 6974 6820 4e75 6d20 5 with Num \n-000399a0: 4c6f 636b 2069 6e61 6374 6976 6520 286e Lock inactive (n\n-000399b0: 756d 6572 6963 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 umeric. \n+00039840: 2020 2020 3020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 0 (numeric k\n+00039850: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 eypad). nump\n+00039860: 6572 696f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eriod \n+00039870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e20 2028 6e75 . (nu\n+00039880: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00039890: 2020 206e 756d 656e 6420 2020 2020 2020 numend \n+000398a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000398b0: 2045 6e64 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 End (numeric ke\n+000398c0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 646f ypad). numdo\n+000398d0: 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 wn \n+000398e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e20 286e Down (n\n+000398f0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+00039900: 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 numpgdown \n+00039910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039920: 2020 5061 6765 2044 6f77 6e20 286e 756d Page Down (num\n+00039930: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+00039940: 2020 6e75 6d6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 numleft \n+00039950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039960: 4c65 6674 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 Left (numeric ke\n+00039970: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6365 ypad). numce\n+00039980: 6e74 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nter \n+00039990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2035 2077 6974 6820 5 with \n+000399a0: 4e75 6d20 4c6f 636b 2069 6e61 6374 6976 Num Lock inactiv\n+000399b0: 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 0a20 2020 2020 e (numeric. \n 000399c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000399d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b65 7970 6164 keypad\n-000399e0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7269 6768 7420 ). numright \n-000399f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a00: 2020 2020 2052 6967 6874 2028 6e75 6d65 Right (nume\n-00039a10: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039a20: 206e 756d 686f 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 numhome \n-00039a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 H\n-00039a40: 6f6d 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 ome (numeric key\n-00039a50: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d75 7020 pad). numup \n-00039a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5570 2028 6e75 6d65 Up (nume\n-00039a80: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039a90: 206e 756d 7067 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 numpgup \n-00039aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 P\n-00039ab0: 6167 6520 5570 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 age Up (numeric \n-00039ac0: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-00039ad0: 696e 7365 7274 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 insert \n-00039ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 Inser\n-00039af0: 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 t (numeric keypa\n-00039b00: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 656c 6574 d). numdelet\n-00039b10: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n-00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 2028 6e75 Delete (nu\n-00039b30: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-00039b40: 2020 206e 756d 6173 7465 7269 736b 2020 numasterisk \n-00039b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b60: 202a 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 * (numeric keyp\n-00039b70: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6d69 6e75 ad). numminu\n-00039b80: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s \n-00039b90: 2020 2020 2020 202d 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 - (numeri\n-00039ba0: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-00039bb0: 756d 706c 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 umplus \n-00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202b 2028 + (\n-00039bd0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00039be0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 736c 6173 6820 2020 numslash \n-00039bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c00: 2020 202f 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 / (numeric ke\n-00039c10: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 656e ypad). numen\n-00039c20: 7465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ter \n-00039c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 2028 Enter (\n-00039c40: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00039c50: 2020 2020 2064 656c 6574 6520 2020 2020 delete \n+000399d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b65 ke\n+000399e0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7269 ypad). numri\n+000399f0: 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ght \n+00039a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6967 6874 2028 Right (\n+00039a10: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+00039a20: 2020 2020 206e 756d 686f 6d65 2020 2020 numhome \n+00039a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039a40: 2020 2048 6f6d 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 Home (numeric\n+00039a50: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+00039a60: 6d75 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mup \n+00039a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5570 2028 Up (\n+00039a80: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+00039a90: 2020 2020 206e 756d 7067 7570 2020 2020 numpgup \n+00039aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039ab0: 2020 2050 6167 6520 5570 2028 6e75 6d65 Page Up (nume\n+00039ac0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+00039ad0: 206e 756d 696e 7365 7274 2020 2020 2020 numinsert \n+00039ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 I\n+00039af0: 6e73 6572 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b nsert (numeric k\n+00039b00: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 eypad). numd\n+00039b10: 656c 6574 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 elete \n+00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 Delete\n+00039b30: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+00039b40: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6173 7465 7269 ). numasteri\n+00039b50: 736b 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sk \n+00039b60: 2020 2020 202a 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 * (numeric \n+00039b70: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+00039b80: 6d69 6e75 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 minus \n+00039b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2028 6e75 - (nu\n+00039ba0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00039bb0: 2020 206e 756d 706c 7573 2020 2020 2020 numplus \n+00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039bd0: 202b 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 + (numeric keyp\n+00039be0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 736c 6173 ad). numslas\n+00039bf0: 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h \n+00039c00: 2020 2020 2020 202f 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 / (numeri\n+00039c10: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+00039c20: 756d 656e 7465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 umenter \n+00039c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e74 Ent\n+00039c40: 6572 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 er (numeric keyp\n+00039c50: 6164 290a 2020 2020 2064 656c 6574 6520 ad). delete \n 00039c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c70: 2020 2044 656c 6574 650a 2020 2020 2069 Delete. i\n-00039c80: 6e73 6572 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nsert \n-00039c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6e73 Ins\n-00039ca0: 6572 740a 2020 2020 2068 6f6d 6520 2020 ert. home \n-00039cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f6d 650a 2020 2020 Home. \n-00039cd0: 2065 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 end \n-00039ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 E\n-00039cf0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7067 646f 776e 2020 nd. pgdown \n-00039d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d10: 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2044 6f77 6e0a Page Down.\n-00039d20: 2020 2020 2070 6775 7020 2020 2020 2020 pgup \n+00039c70: 2020 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 650a 2020 Delete. \n+00039c80: 2020 2069 6e73 6572 7420 2020 2020 2020 insert \n+00039c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039ca0: 2049 6e73 6572 740a 2020 2020 2068 6f6d Insert. hom\n+00039cb0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n+00039cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f6d 650a Home.\n+00039cd0: 2020 2020 2065 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 end \n+00039ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039cf0: 2020 2045 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7067 646f End. pgdo\n+00039d00: 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 wn \n+00039d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2044 Page D\n+00039d20: 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 6775 7020 2020 own. pgup \n 00039d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d40: 2020 2050 6167 6520 5570 0a20 2020 2020 Page Up. \n-00039d50: 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 down \n-00039d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f Do\n-00039d70: 776e 0a20 2020 2020 7570 2020 2020 2020 wn. up \n+00039d40: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 5570 0a20 Page Up. \n+00039d50: 2020 2020 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 down \n+00039d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039d70: 2020 446f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 7570 2020 Down. up \n 00039d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d90: 2020 2020 2020 5570 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 Up. le\n-00039da0: 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ft \n-00039db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c65 6674 Left\n-00039dc0: 0a20 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 2020 2020 . right \n+00039d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5570 0a20 2020 Up. \n+00039da0: 2020 6c65 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 left \n+00039db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039dc0: 4c65 6674 0a20 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 Left. right \n 00039dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039de0: 2020 2020 5269 6768 740a 0a20 2020 2020 Right.. \n-00039df0: 4173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 206b 6579 7374 As well as keyst\n-00039e00: 726f 6b65 732c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 rokes, the ...se\n-00039e10: 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ndkey... command\n-00039e20: 2074 616b 6573 2076 6172 696f 7573 206f takes various o\n-00039e30: 7074 696f 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 ptions. that\n-00039e40: 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 4249 4f53 affect the BIOS\n-00039e50: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 7374 6174 7573 keyboard status\n-00039e60: 2066 6c61 6773 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f flags. These o\n-00039e70: 7074 696f 6e73 2074 616b 6520 616e 0a20 ptions take an. \n-00039e80: 2020 2020 e280 986f 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 ...on... or \n-00039e90: e280 986f 6666 e280 9920 7061 7261 6d65 ...off... parame\n-00039ea0: 7465 722c 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 ter, specifying \n-00039eb0: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 that the corresp\n-00039ec0: 6f6e 6469 6e67 2073 7461 7475 730a 2020 onding status. \n-00039ed0: 2020 2066 6c61 6720 6265 2073 6574 206f flag be set o\n-00039ee0: 7220 756e 7365 743b 206f 6d69 7474 696e r unset; omittin\n-00039ef0: 6720 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 g the option for\n-00039f00: 2061 2067 6976 656e 2073 7461 7475 7320 a given status \n-00039f10: 666c 6167 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 206c flag. will l\n-00039f20: 6561 7665 2074 6861 7420 666c 6167 2061 eave that flag a\n-00039f30: 7420 6974 7320 696e 6974 6961 6c20 7374 t its initial st\n-00039f40: 6174 6520 6174 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 5468 ate at boot. Th\n-00039f50: 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 756d e280 992c 0a20 e ...--num...,. \n-00039f60: 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d63 6170 73e2 8099 ...--caps...\n-00039f70: 2c20 e280 982d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6ce2 8099 , ...--scroll...\n-00039f80: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d69 6e73 6572 , and ...--inser\n-00039f90: 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 6d75 t... options emu\n-00039fa0: 6c61 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 late setting the\n-00039fb0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 . correspond\n-00039fc0: 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 2c20 7768 696c 6520 ing mode, while \n-00039fd0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 756d 6b65 79e2 the ...--numkey.\n-00039fe0: 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 .., ...--capskey\n-00039ff0: e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d73 ...,. ...--s\n-0003a000: 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 e280 992c 2061 6e64 crollkey..., and\n-0003a010: 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 6b65 79e2 ...--insertkey.\n-0003a020: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 6d75 6c61 .. options emula\n-0003a030: 7465 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 616e 640a te pressing and.\n-0003a040: 2020 2020 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 2074 6865 holding the\n-0003a050: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 206b corresponding k\n-0003a060: 6579 2e20 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 2073 ey. The other s\n-0003a070: 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f 7074 696f tatus flag optio\n-0003a080: 6e73 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c66 ns are. self\n-0003a090: 2d65 7870 6c61 6e61 746f 7279 2e0a 0a20 -explanatory... \n-0003a0a0: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d If the ...--\n-0003a0b0: 6e6f 2d6c 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e no-led... option\n-0003a0c0: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 2073 is given, the s\n-0003a0d0: 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f 7074 696f tatus flag optio\n-0003a0e0: 6e73 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2068 6176 ns will. hav\n-0003a0f0: 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 7420 6f6e 206b e no effect on k\n-0003a100: 6579 626f 6172 6420 4c45 4473 2e0a 0a20 eyboard LEDs... \n-0003a110: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 If the ...se\n-0003a120: 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ndkey... command\n-0003a130: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 is given multip\n-0003a140: 6c65 2074 696d 6573 2c20 7468 656e 206f le times, then o\n-0003a150: 6e6c 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c 6173 nly the. las\n-0003a160: 7420 696e 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 t invocation has\n-0003a170: 2061 6e79 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 any effect... \n-0003a180: 2020 2053 696e 6365 20e2 8098 7365 6e64 Since ...send\n-0003a190: 6b65 79e2 8099 206d 616e 6970 756c 6174 key... manipulat\n-0003a1a0: 6573 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 es the BIOS keyb\n-0003a1b0: 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 722c 2069 7420 oard buffer, it \n-0003a1c0: 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 2068 may cause. h\n-0003a1d0: 616e 6773 2c20 7265 626f 6f74 732c 206f angs, reboots, o\n-0003a1e0: 7220 6f74 6865 7220 6d69 7362 6568 6176 r other misbehav\n-0003a1f0: 696f 7572 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 2073 7973 iour on some sys\n-0003a200: 7465 6d73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 tems. If the. \n-0003a210: 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 operating sys\n-0003a220: 7465 6d20 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 tem or boot load\n-0003a230: 6572 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 2061 6674 er that runs aft\n-0003a240: 6572 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2069 7473 er GRUB uses its\n-0003a250: 206f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7962 6f61 own. keyboa\n-0003a260: 7264 2064 7269 7665 7220 7261 7468 6572 rd driver rather\n-0003a270: 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 4249 4f53 206b than the BIOS k\n-0003a280: 6579 626f 6172 6420 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e eyboard function\n-0003a290: 732c 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 s, then. ...\n-0003a2a0: 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 sendkey... will \n-0003a2b0: 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 2e0a have no effect..\n-0003a2c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n-0003a2d0: 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c nd is only avail\n-0003a2e0: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 5043 2042 494f 5320 able on PC BIOS \n-0003a2f0: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 systems.....File\n-0003a300: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003a310: 6465 3a20 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 de: set, Next: \n-0003a320: 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 sha1sum, Prev: \n-0003a330: 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5570 3a20 436f sendkey, Up: Co\n-0003a340: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0003a350: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3637 2073 6574 nds..17.4.67 set\n-0003a360: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d .-----------.. -\n-0003a370: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6574 205b - Command: set [\n-0003a380: 656e 7676 6172 3d76 616c 7565 5d0a 2020 envvar=value]. \n-0003a390: 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 Set the envir\n-0003a3a0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-0003a3b0: 454e 5656 4152 2074 6f20 5641 4c55 452e ENVVAR to VALUE.\n-0003a3c0: 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 If invoked wit\n-0003a3d0: 6820 6e6f 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6775 6d65 h no. argume\n-0003a3e0: 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2061 6c6c 2065 nts, print all e\n-0003a3f0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-0003a400: 626c 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6569 7220 bles with their \n-0003a410: 7661 6c75 6573 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 values. For. \n-0003a420: 2020 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 656e the list of en\n-0003a430: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0003a440: 6c65 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7573 les currently us\n-0003a450: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2069 7473 656c ed by GRUB itsel\n-0003a460: 6620 7365 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2072 f see. the r\n-0003a470: 656c 6576 616e 7420 7365 6374 696f 6e20 elevant section \n-0003a480: 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e *note Environmen\n-0003a490: 743a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 t::.....File: gr\n-0003a4a0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0003a4b0: 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 sha1sum, Next: \n-0003a4c0: 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 sha256sum, Prev\n-0003a4d0: 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d : set, Up: Comm\n-0003a4e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0003a4f0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3638 2073 6861 3173 s..17.4.68 sha1s\n-0003a500: 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d um.-------------\n-0003a510: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003a520: 2073 6861 3173 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e sha1sum arg ...\n-0003a530: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 . Alias for \n-0003a540: e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 ...hashsum --has\n-0003a550: 6820 7368 6131 2061 7267 202e 2e2e e280 h sha1 arg .....\n-0003a560: 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 .. See command \n-0003a570: e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 990a 2020 ...hashsum.... \n-0003a580: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 7375 (*note hashsu\n-0003a590: 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 6465 m::) for full de\n-0003a5a0: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 scription.....Fi\n-0003a5b0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003a5c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2c Node: sha256sum,\n-0003a5d0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 Next: sha512su\n-0003a5e0: 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6131 7375 m, Prev: sha1su\n-0003a5f0: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d m, Up: Command-\n-0003a600: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0003a610: 372e 342e 3639 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 7.4.69 sha256sum\n-0003a620: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0003a630: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003a640: 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2061 7267 202e sha256sum arg .\n-0003a650: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f ... Alias fo\n-0003a660: 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 r ...hashsum --h\n-0003a670: 6173 6820 7368 6132 3536 2061 7267 202e ash sha256 arg .\n-0003a680: 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d ...... See comm\n-0003a690: 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 and ...hashsum..\n-0003a6a0: 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 .. (*note ha\n-0003a6b0: 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c shsum::) for ful\n-0003a6c0: 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a l description...\n-0003a6d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003a6e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6135 3132 o, Node: sha512\n-0003a6f0: 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736c 6565 sum, Next: slee\n-0003a700: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6132 3536 p, Prev: sha256\n-0003a710: 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e sum, Up: Comman\n-0003a720: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0003a730: 0a31 372e 342e 3730 2073 6861 3531 3273 .17.4.70 sha512s\n-0003a740: 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d um.-------------\n-0003a750: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003a760: 643a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2061 7267 d: sha512sum arg\n-0003a770: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 .... Alias \n-0003a780: 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d for ...hashsum -\n-0003a790: 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6135 3132 2061 7267 -hash sha512 arg\n-0003a7a0: 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f ....... See co\n-0003a7b0: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d mmand ...hashsum\n-0003a7c0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .... (*note \n-0003a7d0: 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 hashsum::) for f\n-0003a7e0: 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e ull description.\n-0003a7f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003a800: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 736c 6565 nfo, Node: slee\n-0003a810: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 p, Next: smbios\n-0003a820: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 3531 3273 , Prev: sha512s\n-0003a830: 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 um, Up: Command\n-0003a840: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0003a850: 3137 2e34 2e37 3120 736c 6565 700a 2d2d 17.4.71 sleep.--\n-0003a860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003a870: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736c 6565 7020 Command: sleep \n-0003a880: 5b2d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 5d20 5b2d 2d69 [--verbose] [--i\n-0003a890: 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6962 6c65 5d20 636f nterruptible] co\n-0003a8a0: 756e 740a 2020 2020 2053 6c65 6570 2066 unt. Sleep f\n-0003a8b0: 6f72 2043 4f55 4e54 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 or COUNT seconds\n-0003a8c0: 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 . If option ...\n-0003a8d0: 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 7469 626c 65e2 --interruptible.\n-0003a8e0: 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 0a20 2020 .. is given,. \n-0003a8f0: 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 7072 6573 7369 6e67 allow pressing\n-0003a900: 203c 4553 433e 2c20 3c46 343e 206f 7220 , or \n-0003a910: 686f 6c64 696e 6720 646f 776e 203c 5348 holding down to interrup\n-0003a930: 740a 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 2e20 2057 t. sleep. W\n-0003a940: 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 ith ...--verbose\n-0003a950: e280 9920 7368 6f77 2063 6f75 6e74 646f ... show countdo\n-0003a960: 776e 206f 6620 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 wn of remaining \n-0003a970: 7365 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4578 6974 0a20 seconds. Exit. \n-0003a980: 2020 2020 636f 6465 2069 7320 7365 7420 code is set \n-0003a990: 746f 2030 2069 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 to 0 if timeout \n-0003a9a0: 6578 7069 7265 6420 616e 6420 746f 2031 expired and to 1\n-0003a9b0: 2069 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7761 730a if timeout was.\n-0003a9c0: 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 interrupted\n-0003a9d0: 2075 7369 6e67 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 using any of th\n-0003a9e0: 6520 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 7973 e mentioned keys\n-0003a9f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003aa00: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 info, Node: smb\n-0003aa10: 696f 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736f 7572 ios, Next: sour\n-0003aa20: 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6c65 6570 ce, Prev: sleep\n-0003aa30: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0003aa40: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0003aa50: 2e34 2e37 3220 736d 6269 6f73 0a2d 2d2d .4.72 smbios.---\n-0003aa60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003aa70: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 Command: smbios\n-0003aa80: 205b 2d2d 7479 7065 2054 5950 455d 205b [--type TYPE] [\n-0003aa90: 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 2048 414e 444c 455d --handle HANDLE]\n-0003aaa0: 205b 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 4d41 5443 485d [--match MATCH]\n-0003aab0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 2d2d 6765 . (--ge\n-0003aac0: 742d 6279 7465 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d77 t-byte | --get-w\n-0003aad0: 6f72 6420 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 6f72 ord | --get-dwor\n-0003aae0: 6420 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7177 6f72 6420 d | --get-qword \n-0003aaf0: 7c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6765 |. --ge\n-0003ab00: 742d 7374 7269 6e67 207c 202d 2d67 6574 t-string | --get\n-0003ab10: 2d75 7569 6429 204f 4646 5345 5420 5b2d -uuid) OFFSET [-\n-0003ab20: 2d73 6574 2056 4152 4941 424c 455d 0a20 -set VARIABLE]. \n-0003ab30: 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2053 4d42 Retrieve SMB\n-0003ab40: 494f 5320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e IOS information.\n-0003ab50: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 736d .. The ...sm\n-0003ab60: 6269 6f73 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 bios... command \n-0003ab70: 7265 7475 726e 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 returns the valu\n-0003ab80: 6520 6f66 2061 2066 6965 6c64 2069 6e20 e of a field in \n-0003ab90: 616e 2053 4d42 494f 530a 2020 2020 2073 an SMBIOS. s\n-0003aba0: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2054 6865 2066 tructure. The f\n-0003abb0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n-0003abc0: 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 6368 determine which\n-0003abd0: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2074 6f0a 2020 structure to. \n-0003abe0: 2020 2073 656c 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 select... \n-0003abf0: 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 6966 7969 ... Specifyi\n-0003ac00: 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 7479 7065 e280 9920 ng ...--type... \n-0003ac10: 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 will select stru\n-0003ac20: 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d61 ctures with a ma\n-0003ac30: 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tching. \n-0003ac40: 2054 5950 452e 2020 5468 6520 7479 7065 TYPE. The type\n-0003ac50: 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 696e 7465 can be any inte\n-0003ac60: 6765 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 2074 6f20 3235 ger from 0 to 25\n-0003ac70: 352e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 5.. ... S\n-0003ac80: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d68 pecifying ...--h\n-0003ac90: 616e 646c 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7365 andle... will se\n-0003aca0: 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 lect structures \n-0003acb0: 7769 7468 2061 206d 6174 6368 696e 670a with a matching.\n-0003acc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4841 4e44 4c45 HANDLE\n-0003acd0: 2e20 2054 6865 2068 616e 646c 6520 6361 . The handle ca\n-0003ace0: 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 6567 6572 n be any integer\n-0003acf0: 2066 726f 6d20 3020 746f 2036 3535 3335 from 0 to 65535\n-0003ad00: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 .. ... Sp\n-0003ad10: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 6d61 ecifying ...--ma\n-0003ad20: 7463 68e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 tch... will sele\n-0003ad30: 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 206e 756d ct structure num\n-0003ad40: 6265 7220 4d41 5443 4820 696e 2074 6865 ber MATCH in the\n-0003ad50: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 7465 . filte\n-0003ad60: 7265 6420 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7374 7275 red list of stru\n-0003ad70: 6374 7572 6573 3b20 652e 672e 2020 e280 ctures; e.g. ..\n-0003ad80: 9873 6d62 696f 7320 2d2d 7479 7065 2034 .smbios --type 4\n-0003ad90: 202d 2d6d 6174 6368 2032 e280 990a 2020 --match 2.... \n-0003ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2073 656c will sel\n-0003adb0: 6563 7420 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2050 ect the second P\n-0003adc0: 726f 6365 7373 2049 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 rocess Informati\n-0003add0: 6f6e 2028 5479 7065 2034 2920 7374 7275 on (Type 4) stru\n-0003ade0: 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cture.. \n-0003adf0: 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6973 2061 6c77 The list is alw\n-0003ae00: 6179 7320 6f72 6465 7265 6420 7468 6520 ays ordered the \n-0003ae10: 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7468 6520 6861 7264 same as the hard\n-0003ae20: 7761 7265 2773 2053 4d42 494f 530a 2020 ware's SMBIOS. \n-0003ae30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7461 626c 652e 2020 table. \n-0003ae40: 5468 6520 6d61 7463 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 The match number\n-0003ae50: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 2070 6f73 6974 must be a posit\n-0003ae60: 6976 6520 696e 7465 6765 722e 2020 4966 ive integer. If\n-0003ae70: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 7065 . unspe\n-0003ae80: 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 cified, the firs\n-0003ae90: 7420 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2073 7472 7563 t matching struc\n-0003aea0: 7475 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 656c ture will be sel\n-0003aeb0: 6563 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ected... The\n-0003aec0: 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 206f 7074 696f remaining optio\n-0003aed0: 6e73 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 ns determine whi\n-0003aee0: 6368 2066 6965 6c64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ch field in the \n-0003aef0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 530a selected SMBIOS.\n-0003af00: 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2074 structure t\n-0003af10: 6f20 7265 7475 726e 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 o return. Only \n-0003af20: 6f6e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 7365 206f 7074 one of these opt\n-0003af30: 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 7370 6563 ions may be spec\n-0003af40: 6966 6965 6420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6120 ified at. a \n-0003af50: 7469 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 time... .\n-0003af60: 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 .. When given ..\n-0003af70: 982d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 65e2 8099 2c20 .--get-byte..., \n-0003af80: 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 return the value\n-0003af90: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6279 7465 2061 740a of the byte at.\n-0003afa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4f46 4653 4554 OFFSET\n-0003afb0: 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 bytes into the \n-0003afc0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 selected SMBIOS \n-0003afd0: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 2077 structure. It w\n-0003afe0: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill be. \n-0003aff0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e formatted as an\n-0003b000: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 unsigned decima\n-0003b010: 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 l integer.. \n-0003b020: 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 ... When give\n-0003b030: 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d77 6f72 64e2 n ...--get-word.\n-0003b040: 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 .., return the v\n-0003b050: 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 776f 7264 alue of the word\n-0003b060: 2028 7477 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (two. \n-0003b070: 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 bytes) at OFFSET\n-0003b080: 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 bytes into the \n-0003b090: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 selected SMBIOS \n-0003b0a0: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 structure. It. \n-0003b0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 will be\n-0003b0c0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e formatted as an\n-0003b0d0: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 unsigned decima\n-0003b0e0: 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 l integer.. \n-0003b0f0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 ... When give\n-0003b100: 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d64 776f 7264 n ...--get-dword\n-0003b110: e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 ..., return the \n-0003b120: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2064 776f value of the dwo\n-0003b130: 7264 2028 666f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 rd (four. \n-0003b140: 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f 4646 bytes) at OFF\n-0003b150: 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 SET bytes into t\n-0003b160: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 he selected SMBI\n-0003b170: 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 OS structure. I\n-0003b180: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c t. will\n-0003b190: 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 be formatted as\n-0003b1a0: 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 an unsigned dec\n-0003b1b0: 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 imal integer.. \n-0003b1c0: 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 ... When g\n-0003b1d0: 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 7177 iven ...--get-qw\n-0003b1e0: 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 ord..., return t\n-0003b1f0: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 he value of the \n-0003b200: 7177 6f72 6420 2865 6967 6874 0a20 2020 qword (eight. \n-0003b210: 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 bytes) at\n-0003b220: 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e OFFSET bytes in\n-0003b230: 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 to the selected \n-0003b240: 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 SMBIOS structure\n-0003b250: 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . It. \n-0003b260: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 will be formatte\n-0003b270: 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 d as an unsigned\n-0003b280: 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 decimal integer\n-0003b290: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 .. ... Wh\n-0003b2a0: 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 en given ...--ge\n-0003b2b0: 742d 7374 7269 6e67 e280 992c 2072 6574 t-string..., ret\n-0003b2c0: 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 2077 urn the string w\n-0003b2d0: 6974 6820 6974 7320 696e 6465 780a 2020 ith its index. \n-0003b2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 756e 6420 6174 found at\n-0003b2f0: 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e OFFSET bytes in\n-0003b300: 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 to the selected \n-0003b310: 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 SMBIOS structure\n-0003b320: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 .. ... Wh\n-0003b330: 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 en given ...--ge\n-0003b340: 742d 7575 6964 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 t-uuid..., retur\n-0003b350: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 n the value of t\n-0003b360: 6865 2055 5549 4420 2873 6978 7465 656e he UUID (sixteen\n-0003b370: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 . bytes\n-0003b380: 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 ) at OFFSET byte\n-0003b390: 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 s into the selec\n-0003b3a0: 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 ted SMBIOS struc\n-0003b3b0: 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 ture. It. \n-0003b3c0: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d will be form\n-0003b3d0: 6174 7465 6420 6173 206c 6f77 6572 2d63 atted as lower-c\n-0003b3e0: 6173 6520 6879 7068 656e 6174 6564 2068 ase hyphenated h\n-0003b3f0: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 exadecimal digit\n-0003b400: 732c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 s,. wit\n-0003b410: 6820 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7468 7265 h the first thre\n-0003b420: 6520 6669 656c 6473 2061 7320 6c69 7474 e fields as litt\n-0003b430: 6c65 2d65 6e64 6961 6e2c 2061 6e64 2074 le-endian, and t\n-0003b440: 6865 2072 6573 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 he rest. \n-0003b450: 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 6279 7465 2d62 printed byte-b\n-0003b460: 792d 6279 7465 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 y-byte... Th\n-0003b470: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6163 7469 6f6e e default action\n-0003b480: 2069 7320 746f 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 is to print the\n-0003b490: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 value of the re\n-0003b4a0: 7175 6573 7465 6420 6669 656c 6420 746f quested field to\n-0003b4b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c . the consol\n-0003b4c0: 652c 2062 7574 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c e, but a variabl\n-0003b4d0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 e name can be sp\n-0003b4e0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 ecified with ...\n-0003b4f0: 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 --set... to. \n-0003b500: 2073 746f 7265 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 store the value\n-0003b510: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7072 696e instead of prin\n-0003b520: 7469 6e67 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 ting it... F\n-0003b530: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7468 6973 or example, this\n-0003b540: 2077 696c 6c20 7374 6f72 6520 616e 6420 will store and \n-0003b550: 7468 656e 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 then display the\n-0003b560: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 206d 616e system. man\n-0003b570: 7566 6163 7475 7265 7227 7320 6e61 6d65 ufacturer's name\n-0003b580: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6d62 ... smb\n-0003b590: 696f 7320 2d2d 7479 7065 2031 202d 2d67 ios --type 1 --g\n-0003b5a0: 6574 2d73 7472 696e 6720 3420 2d2d 7365 et-string 4 --se\n-0003b5b0: 7420 7379 7374 656d 5f6d 616e 7566 6163 t system_manufac\n-0003b5c0: 7475 7265 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 turer. \n-0003b5d0: 6563 686f 2024 7379 7374 656d 5f6d 616e echo $system_man\n-0003b5e0: 7566 6163 7475 7265 720a 0a1f 0a46 696c ufacturer....Fil\n-0003b5f0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003b600: 6f64 653a 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 4e65 ode: source, Ne\n-0003b610: 7874 3a20 7465 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: test, Prev:\n-0003b620: 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f smbios, Up: Co\n-0003b630: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0003b640: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3733 2073 6f75 nds..17.4.73 sou\n-0003b650: 7263 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rce.------------\n-0003b660: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003b670: 2073 6f75 7263 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 source file. \n-0003b680: 2020 5265 6164 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 Read FILE as a\n-0003b690: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-0003b6a0: 696c 652c 2061 7320 6966 2069 7473 2063 ile, as if its c\n-0003b6b0: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6861 6420 6265 656e ontents had been\n-0003b6c0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 636f 7270 6f72 6174 . incorporat\n-0003b6d0: 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 696e 746f ed directly into\n-0003b6e0: 2074 6865 2073 6f75 7263 696e 6720 6669 the sourcing fi\n-0003b6f0: 6c65 2e20 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 e280 9863 le. Unlike ...c\n-0003b700: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 onfigfile.... \n-0003b710: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 (*note configf\n-0003b720: 696c 653a 3a29 2c20 7468 6973 2065 7865 ile::), this exe\n-0003b730: 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e cutes the conten\n-0003b740: 7473 206f 6620 4649 4c45 2077 6974 686f ts of FILE witho\n-0003b750: 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6368 616e 6769 6e67 ut. changing\n-0003b760: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 3a20 616e 7920 656e context: any en\n-0003b770: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0003b780: 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d 6164 6520 le changes made \n-0003b790: 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d by the. comm\n-0003b7a0: 616e 6473 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2077 696c ands in FILE wil\n-0003b7b0: 6c20 6265 2070 7265 7365 7276 6564 2061 l be preserved a\n-0003b7c0: 6674 6572 20e2 8098 736f 7572 6365 e280 fter ...source..\n-0003b7d0: 9920 7265 7475 726e 732c 2061 6e64 2074 . returns, and t\n-0003b7e0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2077 696c he. menu wil\n-0003b7f0: 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 686f 776e 2069 l not be shown i\n-0003b800: 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 mmediately.....F\n-0003b810: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003b820: 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6573 742c 2020 4e65 Node: test, Ne\n-0003b830: 7874 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: true, Prev:\n-0003b840: 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f source, Up: Co\n-0003b850: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0003b860: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3734 2074 6573 nds..17.4.74 tes\n-0003b870: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a t.------------..\n-0003b880: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6573 -- Command: tes\n-0003b890: 7420 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 0a20 2020 t expression. \n-0003b8a0: 2020 4576 616c 7561 7465 2045 5850 5245 Evaluate EXPRE\n-0003b8b0: 5353 494f 4e20 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e SSION and return\n-0003b8c0: 207a 6572 6f20 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 zero exit statu\n-0003b8d0: 7320 6966 2072 6573 756c 7420 6973 2074 s if result is t\n-0003b8e0: 7275 652c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e20 7a65 rue,. non ze\n-0003b8f0: 726f 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f74 6865 7277 ro status otherw\n-0003b900: 6973 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 ise... EXPRE\n-0003b910: 5353 494f 4e20 6973 206f 6e65 206f 663a SSION is one of:\n-0003b920: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 .. STRING1 .\n-0003b930: 8098 3d3d e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a ..==... STRING2.\n-0003b940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7374 the st\n-0003b950: 7269 6e67 7320 6172 6520 6571 7561 6c0a rings are equal.\n-0003b960: 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 STRING1 ...\n-0003b970: 213d e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 !=... STRING2. \n-0003b980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7374 7269 the stri\n-0003b990: 6e67 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 6571 7561 ngs are not equa\n-0003b9a0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 l. STRING1 .\n-0003b9b0: 8098 3ce2 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 ..<... STRING2. \n-0003b9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 STRING1\n-0003b9d0: 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 is lexicographi\n-0003b9e0: 6361 6c6c 7920 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 cally less than \n-0003b9f0: 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2053 5452 STRING2. STR\n-0003ba00: 494e 4731 20e2 8098 3c3d e280 9920 5354 ING1 ...<=... ST\n-0003ba10: 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 RING2. \n-0003ba20: 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 STRING1 is lexic\n-0003ba30: 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6573 ographically les\n-0003ba40: 7320 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6861 6e20 s or equal than \n-0003ba50: 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2053 5452 STRING2. STR\n-0003ba60: 494e 4731 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 2053 5452 ING1 ...>... STR\n-0003ba70: 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 ING2. S\n-0003ba80: 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f TRING1 is lexico\n-0003ba90: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6772 6561 graphically grea\n-0003baa0: 7465 7220 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 ter than STRING2\n-0003bab0: 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 . STRING1 ..\n-0003bac0: 983e 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 .>=... STRING2. \n-0003bad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 STRING1\n-0003bae0: 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 is lexicographi\n-0003baf0: 6361 6c6c 7920 6772 6561 7465 7220 6f72 cally greater or\n-0003bb00: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6861 6e20 5354 5249 equal than STRI\n-0003bb10: 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 NG2. INTEGER\n-0003bb20: 3120 e280 982d 6571 e280 9920 494e 5445 1 ...-eq... INTE\n-0003bb30: 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 GER2. I\n-0003bb40: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 2065 7175 616c NTEGER1 is equal\n-0003bb50: 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 to INTEGER2. \n-0003bb60: 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d67 INTEGER1 ...-g\n-0003bb70: 65e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 e... INTEGER2. \n-0003bb80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 INTEGER1\n-0003bb90: 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e is greater than\n-0003bba0: 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 or equal to INT\n-0003bbb0: 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 EGER2. INTEG\n-0003bbc0: 4552 3120 e280 982d 6774 e280 9920 494e ER1 ...-gt... IN\n-0003bbd0: 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 TEGER2. \n-0003bbe0: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 2067 7265 INTEGER1 is gre\n-0003bbf0: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 4745 ater than INTEGE\n-0003bc00: 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 R2. INTEGER1\n-0003bc10: 20e2 8098 2d6c 65e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 ...-le... INTEG\n-0003bc20: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e ER2. IN\n-0003bc30: 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 TEGER1 is less t\n-0003bc40: 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 han or equal to \n-0003bc50: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e INTEGER2. IN\n-0003bc60: 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d6c 74e2 8099 TEGER1 ...-lt...\n-0003bc70: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n-0003bc80: 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 INTEGER1 is \n-0003bc90: 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 4745 less than INTEGE\n-0003bca0: 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 R2. INTEGER1\n-0003bcb0: 20e2 8098 2d6e 65e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 ...-ne... INTEG\n-0003bcc0: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e ER2. IN\n-0003bcd0: 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6571 TEGER1 is not eq\n-0003bce0: 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a ual to INTEGER2.\n-0003bcf0: 2020 2020 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 PREFIXINTEG\n-0003bd00: 4552 3120 e280 982d 7067 74e2 8099 2050 ER1 ...-pgt... P\n-0003bd10: 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 REFIXINTEGER2. \n-0003bd20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 INTEGER1\n-0003bd30: 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e is greater than\n-0003bd40: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3220 6166 7465 7220 INTEGER2 after \n-0003bd50: 7374 7269 7070 696e 6720 6f66 6620 636f stripping off co\n-0003bd60: 6d6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e mmon. n\n-0003bd70: 6f6e 2d6e 756d 6572 6963 2050 5245 4649 on-numeric PREFI\n-0003bd80: 582e 0a20 2020 2020 5052 4546 4958 494e X.. PREFIXIN\n-0003bd90: 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d70 6c74 e280 TEGER1 ...-plt..\n-0003bda0: 9920 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 5232 . PREFIXINTEGER2\n-0003bdb0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 . INTEG\n-0003bdc0: 4552 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e ER1 is less than\n-0003bdd0: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3220 6166 7465 7220 INTEGER2 after \n-0003bde0: 7374 7269 7070 696e 6720 6f66 6620 636f stripping off co\n-0003bdf0: 6d6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e mmon. n\n-0003be00: 6f6e 2d6e 756d 6572 6963 2050 5245 4649 on-numeric PREFI\n-0003be10: 582e 0a20 2020 2020 4649 4c45 3120 e280 X.. FILE1 ..\n-0003be20: 982d 6e74 e280 9920 4649 4c45 320a 2020 .-nt... FILE2. \n-0003be30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 3120 6973 FILE1 is\n-0003be40: 206e 6577 6572 2074 6861 6e20 4649 4c45 newer than FILE\n-0003be50: 3220 286d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 2 (modification \n-0003be60: 7469 6d65 292e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c time). Optional\n-0003be70: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d ly. num\n-0003be80: 6572 6963 2042 4941 5320 6d61 7920 6265 eric BIAS may be\n-0003be90: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6170 7065 6e64 directly append\n-0003bea0: 6564 2074 6f20 e280 982d 6e74 e280 9920 ed to ...-nt... \n-0003beb0: 696e 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 650a 2020 in which case. \n-0003bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 2069 7320 6164 it is ad\n-0003bed0: 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ded to the first\n-0003bee0: 2066 696c 6520 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 file modificati\n-0003bef0: 6f6e 2074 696d 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4649 on time.. FI\n-0003bf00: 4c45 3120 e280 982d 6f74 e280 9920 4649 LE1 ...-ot... FI\n-0003bf10: 4c45 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 LE2. FI\n-0003bf20: 4c45 3120 6973 206f 6c64 6572 2074 6861 LE1 is older tha\n-0003bf30: 6e20 4649 4c45 3220 286d 6f64 6966 6963 n FILE2 (modific\n-0003bf40: 6174 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 292e 2020 4f70 ation time). Op\n-0003bf50: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tionally. \n-0003bf60: 2020 206e 756d 6572 6963 2042 4941 5320 numeric BIAS \n-0003bf70: 6d61 7920 6265 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 may be directly \n-0003bf80: 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 e280 982d appended to ...-\n-0003bf90: 6f74 e280 9920 696e 2077 6869 6368 2063 ot... in which c\n-0003bfa0: 6173 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 ase. it\n-0003bfb0: 2069 7320 6164 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 is added to the\n-0003bfc0: 2066 6972 7374 2066 696c 6520 6d6f 6469 first file modi\n-0003bfd0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 652e 0a20 fication time.. \n-0003bfe0: 2020 2020 e280 982d 64e2 8099 2046 494c ...-d... FIL\n-0003bff0: 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 E. FILE\n-0003c000: 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6973 2061 exists and is a\n-0003c010: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 directory. \n-0003c020: e280 982d 65e2 8099 2046 494c 450a 2020 ...-e... FILE. \n-0003c030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2065 7869 FILE exi\n-0003c040: 7374 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d66 e280 sts. ...-f..\n-0003c050: 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 . FILE. \n-0003c060: 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 2061 6e64 FILE exists and\n-0003c070: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6120 6469 7265 6374 is not a direct\n-0003c080: 6f72 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 ory. ...-s..\n-0003c090: 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 . FILE. \n-0003c0a0: 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 2061 6e64 FILE exists and\n-0003c0b0: 2068 6173 2061 2073 697a 6520 6772 6561 has a size grea\n-0003c0c0: 7465 7220 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f0a 2020 ter than zero. \n-0003c0d0: 2020 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 9920 5354 5249 ...-n... STRI\n-0003c0e0: 4e47 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 NG. the\n-0003c0f0: 206c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2053 5452 494e length of STRIN\n-0003c100: 4720 6973 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 G is nonzero. \n-0003c110: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 2020 2020 STRING. \n-0003c120: 2020 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 2065 7175 STRING is equ\n-0003c130: 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f 20e2 8098 2d6e ivalent to ...-n\n-0003c140: 2053 5452 494e 47e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 STRING.... \n-0003c150: e280 982d 7ae2 8099 2053 5452 494e 470a ...-z... STRING.\n-0003c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c65 the le\n-0003c170: 6e67 7468 206f 6620 5354 5249 4e47 2069 ngth of STRING i\n-0003c180: 7320 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 s zero. ...(\n-0003c190: e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 20e2 ... EXPRESSION .\n-0003c1a0: 8098 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..).... \n-0003c1b0: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 6973 2074 EXPRESSION is t\n-0003c1c0: 7275 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 rue. ...!...\n-0003c1d0: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e0a 2020 2020 EXPRESSION. \n-0003c1e0: 2020 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e EXPRESSION\n-0003c1f0: 2069 7320 6661 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2045 is false. E\n-0003c200: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 20e2 8098 2d61 XPRESSION1 ...-a\n-0003c210: e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a ... EXPRESSION2.\n-0003c220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7468 2045 both E\n-0003c230: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 2045 XPRESSION1 and E\n-0003c240: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2061 7265 2074 XPRESSION2 are t\n-0003c250: 7275 650a 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 rue. EXPRESS\n-0003c260: 494f 4e31 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 ION1 EXPRESSION2\n-0003c270: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 6820 . both \n-0003c280: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 616e 6420 EXPRESSION1 and \n-0003c290: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 6172 6520 EXPRESSION2 are \n-0003c2a0: 7472 7565 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7379 6e74 true. This synt\n-0003c2b0: 6178 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 ax is not. \n-0003c2c0: 2020 2020 504f 5349 582d 636f 6d70 6c69 POSIX-compli\n-0003c2d0: 616e 7420 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2072 ant and is not r\n-0003c2e0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 ecommended.. \n-0003c2f0: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 20e2 8098 EXPRESSION1 ...\n-0003c300: 2d6f e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e -o... EXPRESSION\n-0003c310: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6569 7468 2. eith\n-0003c320: 6572 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 206f er EXPRESSION1 o\n-0003c330: 7220 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 6973 r EXPRESSION2 is\n-0003c340: 2074 7275 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 true....File: g\n-0003c350: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003c360: 2074 7275 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7472 true, Next: tr\n-0003c370: 7573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7465 7374 ust, Prev: test\n-0003c380: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0003c390: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0003c3a0: 2e34 2e37 3520 7472 7565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.75 true.-----\n-0003c3b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003c3c0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 mand: true. \n-0003c3d0: 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 Do nothing, succ\n-0003c3e0: 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 essfully. This \n-0003c3f0: 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c is mainly useful\n-0003c400: 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 2020 2020 in control. \n-0003c410: 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 7320 7375 6368 constructs such\n-0003c420: 2061 7320 e280 9869 66e2 8099 2061 6e64 as ...if... and\n-0003c430: 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e ...while... (*n\n-0003c440: 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 ote Shell-like s\n-0003c450: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a cripting::).....\n-0003c460: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003c470: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 Node: trust, \n-0003c480: 4e65 7874 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 5072 Next: unset, Pr\n-0003c490: 6576 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: true, Up: C\n-0003c4a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-0003c4b0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3620 7472 ands..17.4.76 tr\n-0003c4c0: 7573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ust.------------\n-0003c4d0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003c4e0: 7472 7573 7420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 trust [--skip-si\n-0003c4f0: 675d 2070 7562 6b65 795f 6669 6c65 0a20 g] pubkey_file. \n-0003c500: 2020 2020 5265 6164 2070 7562 6c69 6320 Read public \n-0003c510: 6b65 7920 6672 6f6d 2050 5542 4b45 595f key from PUBKEY_\n-0003c520: 4649 4c45 2061 6e64 2061 6464 2069 7420 FILE and add it \n-0003c530: 746f 2047 5255 4227 7320 696e 7465 726e to GRUB's intern\n-0003c540: 616c 206c 6973 740a 2020 2020 206f 6620 al list. of \n-0003c550: 7472 7573 7465 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b trusted public k\n-0003c560: 6579 732e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6b65 7973 eys. These keys\n-0003c570: 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2076 616c are used to val\n-0003c580: 6964 6174 6520 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 2020 idate digital. \n-0003c590: 2020 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 7768 signatures wh\n-0003c5a0: 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 en environment v\n-0003c5b0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b ariable ...check\n-0003c5c0: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 _signatures... i\n-0003c5d0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 s set to. ..\n-0003c5e0: 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992e 2020 4e6f .enforce.... No\n-0003c5f0: 7465 2074 6861 7420 6966 20e2 8098 6368 te that if ...ch\n-0003c600: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 eck_signatures..\n-0003c610: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 . is set to ...e\n-0003c620: 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2077 nforce.... w\n-0003c630: 6865 6e20 e280 9874 7275 7374 e280 9920 hen ...trust... \n-0003c640: 6578 6563 7574 6573 2c20 7468 656e 2050 executes, then P\n-0003c650: 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d 7573 7420 UBKEY_FILE must \n-0003c660: 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 6f70 6572 itself be proper\n-0003c670: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6564 2e20 ly. signed. \n-0003c680: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 The ...--skip-s\n-0003c690: 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2063 616e ig... option can\n-0003c6a0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 7361 be used to disa\n-0003c6b0: 626c 650a 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e61 7475 ble. signatu\n-0003c6c0: 7265 2d63 6865 636b 696e 6720 7768 656e re-checking when\n-0003c6d0: 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2050 5542 4b45 595f reading PUBKEY_\n-0003c6e0: 4649 4c45 2069 7473 656c 662e 2020 4974 FILE itself. It\n-0003c6f0: 2069 7320 6578 7065 6374 6564 0a20 2020 is expected. \n-0003c700: 2020 7468 6174 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 that ...--skip\n-0003c710: 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 6675 -sig... is usefu\n-0003c720: 6c20 666f 7220 7465 7374 696e 6720 616e l for testing an\n-0003c730: 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 d manual booting\n-0003c740: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 5573 . *Note. Us\n-0003c750: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n-0003c760: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f atures::, for mo\n-0003c770: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a re information..\n-0003c780: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003c790: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2075 6e73 6574 fo, Node: unset\n-0003c7a0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2076 6572 6966 795f , Next: verify_\n-0003c7b0: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 2050 7265 763a detached, Prev:\n-0003c7c0: 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d trust, Up: Com\n-0003c7d0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0003c7e0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3720 756e 7365 ds..17.4.77 unse\n-0003c7f0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a t.-------------.\n-0003c800: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 756e . -- Command: un\n-0003c810: 7365 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 2020 set envvar. \n-0003c820: 556e 7365 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f Unset the enviro\n-0003c830: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 nment variable E\n-0003c840: 4e56 5641 522e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 NVVAR.....File: \n-0003c850: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003c860: 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 : verify_detache\n-0003c870: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 d, Next: videoi\n-0003c880: 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 756e 7365 nfo, Prev: unse\n-0003c890: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n-0003c8a0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0003c8b0: 372e 342e 3738 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7.4.78 verify_de\n-0003c8c0: 7461 6368 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tached.---------\n-0003c8d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0003c8e0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2076 6572 -- Command: ver\n-0003c8f0: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 205b 2d2d ify_detached [--\n-0003c900: 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 6669 6c65 2073 skip-sig] file s\n-0003c910: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 5f66 696c 650a 2020 ignature_file. \n-0003c920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b70 7562 6b65 795f [pubkey_\n-0003c930: 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 6966 file]. Verif\n-0003c940: 6965 7320 6120 4750 472d 7374 796c 6520 ies a GPG-style \n-0003c950: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2073 6967 6e61 7475 detached signatu\n-0003c960: 7265 2c20 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 7369 re, where the si\n-0003c970: 676e 6564 2066 696c 6520 6973 0a20 2020 gned file is. \n-0003c980: 2020 4649 4c45 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 FILE, and the \n-0003c990: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6974 7365 6c66 signature itself\n-0003c9a0: 2069 7320 696e 2066 696c 6520 5349 474e is in file SIGN\n-0003c9b0: 4154 5552 455f 4649 4c45 2e0a 2020 2020 ATURE_FILE.. \n-0003c9c0: 204f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2061 2073 Optionally, a s\n-0003c9d0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 7075 626c 6963 206b pecific public k\n-0003c9e0: 6579 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6361 6e20 6265 ey to use can be\n-0003c9f0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2075 7369 6e67 specified using\n-0003ca00: 0a20 2020 2020 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c . PUBKEY_FIL\n-0003ca10: 452e 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e E. When environ\n-0003ca20: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 ment variable ..\n-0003ca30: 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 .check_signature\n-0003ca40: 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 740a 2020 2020 s... is set. \n-0003ca50: 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 to ...enforce..\n-0003ca60: 992c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 ., then PUBKEY_F\n-0003ca70: 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c 6620 ILE must itself \n-0003ca80: 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c 7920 7369 676e be properly sign\n-0003ca90: 6564 2062 7920 616e 0a20 2020 2020 616c ed by an. al\n-0003caa0: 7265 6164 792d 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 ready-trusted ke\n-0003cab0: 792e 2020 416e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 y. An unsigned \n-0003cac0: 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6361 6e20 PUBKEY_FILE can \n-0003cad0: 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 be loaded by. \n-0003cae0: 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 specifying ...\n-0003caf0: 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 992e 2020 --skip-sig.... \n-0003cb00: 4966 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2069 If PUBKEY_FILE i\n-0003cb10: 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2074 6865 6e20 s omitted, then \n-0003cb20: 7075 626c 6963 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7973 public. keys\n-0003cb30: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2773 2074 7275 from GRUB's tru\n-0003cb40: 7374 6564 206b 6579 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 sted keys (*note\n-0003cb50: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c list_trusted::,\n-0003cb60: 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 7275 7374 3a3a 2c0a *note trust::,.\n-0003cb70: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 and *note d\n-0003cb80: 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2061 7265 2074 istrust::) are t\n-0003cb90: 7269 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4578 6974 ried... Exit\n-0003cba0: 2063 6f64 6520 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2069 code ...$?... i\n-0003cbb0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 7468 s set to 0 if th\n-0003cbc0: 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 7661 6c69 e signature vali\n-0003cbd0: 6461 7465 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c dates successful\n-0003cbe0: 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7661 6c69 ly.. If vali\n-0003cbf0: 6461 7469 6f6e 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 6974 dation fails, it\n-0003cc00: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2061 206e 6f6e is set to a non\n-0003cc10: 2d7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 2020 2a4e -zero value. *N\n-0003cc20: 6f74 6520 5573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2064 ote Using. d\n-0003cc30: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n-0003cc40: 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e s::, for more in\n-0003cc50: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 formation.....Fi\n-0003cc60: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003cc70: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c Node: videoinfo,\n-0003cc80: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7772 6d73 722c 2020 Next: wrmsr, \n-0003cc90: 5072 6576 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 Prev: verify_det\n-0003cca0: 6163 6865 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d ached, Up: Comm\n-0003ccb0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0003ccc0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3739 2076 6964 656f s..17.4.79 video\n-0003ccd0: 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d info.-----------\n-0003cce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003ccf0: 616e 643a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 205b and: videoinfo [\n-0003cd00: 5b57 7848 5d78 445d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 [WxH]xD]. Li\n-0003cd10: 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 st available vid\n-0003cd20: 656f 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7265 eo modes. If re\n-0003cd30: 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 solution is give\n-0003cd40: 6e2c 2073 686f 7720 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 n, show only. \n-0003cd50: 2020 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 206d 6f64 6573 matching modes\n-0003cd60: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003cd70: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2077 726d info, Node: wrm\n-0003cd80: 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2076 6964 656f sr, Prev: video\n-0003cd90: 696e 666f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 info, Up: Comma\n-0003cda0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0003cdb0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 3020 7772 6d73 720a ..17.4.80 wrmsr.\n-0003cdc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003cdd0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a3a 2077 726d -- Command:: wrm\n-0003cde0: 7372 2030 7841 4444 5220 3078 5641 4c55 sr 0xADDR 0xVALU\n-0003cdf0: 450a 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 2061 2030 E. Write a 0\n-0003ce00: 7856 414c 5545 2074 6f20 6120 6d6f 6465 xVALUE to a mode\n-0003ce10: 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 l-specific regis\n-0003ce20: 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 7373 2030 ter at address 0\n-0003ce30: 7841 4444 522e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 xADDR... Ple\n-0003ce40: 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e ase note that on\n-0003ce50: 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7772 SMP systems, wr\n-0003ce60: 6974 696e 6720 746f 2061 204d 5352 2074 iting to a MSR t\n-0003ce70: 6861 7420 6861 7320 6120 7363 6f70 650a hat has a scope.\n-0003ce80: 2020 2020 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 6172 per hardwar\n-0003ce90: 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c 6965 e thread, implie\n-0003cea0: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 s that the value\n-0003ceb0: 2074 6861 7420 6973 2077 7269 7474 656e that is written\n-0003cec0: 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 7070 6c69 only. appli\n-0003ced0: 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 es to the partic\n-0003cee0: 756c 6172 2063 7075 2f63 6f72 652f 7468 ular cpu/core/th\n-0003cef0: 7265 6164 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 2074 read that runs t\n-0003cf00: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 he command... \n-0003cf10: 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2073 Also, if you s\n-0003cf20: 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 6573 6572 7665 pecify a reserve\n-0003cf30: 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 d or unimplement\n-0003cf40: 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 ed MSR address, \n-0003cf50: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2063 6175 it. will cau\n-0003cf60: 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 616c 2070 726f se a general pro\n-0003cf70: 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f tection exceptio\n-0003cf80: 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 n (which is not \n-0003cf90: 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 2020 2020 2062 currently. b\n-0003cfa0: 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c 6564 2920 616e eing handled) an\n-0003cfb0: 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 2077 696c d the system wil\n-0003cfc0: 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 l reboot... \n-0003cfd0: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e Note: The comman\n-0003cfe0: 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 d is not allowed\n-0003cff0: 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 when lockdown i\n-0003d000: 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 s enforced (*not\n-0003d010: 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a e. Lockdown:\n-0003d020: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e :). This is don\n-0003d030: 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 e to prevent sub\n-0003d040: 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 verting various \n-0003d050: 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 security. me\n-0003d060: 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c chanisms.....Fil\n-0003d070: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003d080: 6f64 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 ode: Networking \n-0003d090: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a commands, Next:\n-0003d0a0: 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f Undocumented co\n-0003d0b0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 mmands, Prev: C\n-0003d0c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-0003d0d0: 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ands, Up: Comma\n-0003d0e0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3520 4e65 7477 6f72 nds..17.5 Networ\n-0003d0f0: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d king commands.==\n-0003d100: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003d110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ======..* Menu:.\n-0003d120: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 723a .* net_add_addr:\n-0003d130: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0003d140: 2041 6464 2061 206e 6574 776f 726b 2061 Add a network a\n-0003d150: 6464 7265 7373 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 ddress.* net_add\n-0003d160: 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _dns:: \n-0003d170: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2061 2044 4e53 Add a DNS\n-0003d180: 2073 6572 7665 720a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 server.* net_ad\n-0003d190: 645f 726f 7574 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 d_route:: \n-0003d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 726f 7574 Add rout\n-0003d1b0: 696e 6720 656e 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 745f ing entry.* net_\n-0003d1c0: 626f 6f74 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 bootp:: \n-0003d1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 Perfor\n-0003d1e0: 6d20 6120 626f 6f74 702f 4448 4350 2061 m a bootp/DHCP a\n-0003d1f0: 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e utoconfiguration\n-0003d200: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 723a .* net_del_addr:\n-0003d210: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0003d220: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 Remove IP addre\n-0003d230: 7373 2066 726f 6d20 696e 7465 7266 6163 ss from interfac\n-0003d240: 650a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 733a e.* net_del_dns:\n-0003d250: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0003d260: 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 2044 4e53 2073 Remove a DNS s\n-0003d270: 6572 7665 720a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f erver.* net_del_\n-0003d280: 726f 7574 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 route:: \n-0003d290: 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 2072 Remove a r\n-0003d2a0: 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 oute entry.* net\n-0003d2b0: 5f64 6863 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _dhcp:: \n-0003d2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f Perfo\n-0003d2d0: 726d 2061 2044 4843 5020 6175 746f 636f rm a DHCP autoco\n-0003d2e0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 nfiguration.* ne\n-0003d2f0: 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f t_get_dhcp_optio\n-0003d300: 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 7472 n:: Retr\n-0003d310: 6965 7665 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e ieve DHCP option\n-0003d320: 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 s.* net_ipv6_aut\n-0003d330: 6f63 6f6e 663a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 oconf:: \n-0003d340: 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 4950 7636 2061 Perform IPv6 a\n-0003d350: 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e utoconfiguration\n-0003d360: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 3a3a .* net_ls_addr::\n-0003d370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d380: 204c 6973 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6573 List interfaces\n-0003d390: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 733a .* net_ls_cards:\n-0003d3a0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0003d3b0: 204c 6973 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 List network ca\n-0003d3c0: 7264 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 rds.* net_ls_dns\n-0003d3d0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0003d3e0: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2044 4e53 2073 6572 List DNS ser\n-0003d3f0: 7665 7273 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f vers.* net_ls_ro\n-0003d400: 7574 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 utes:: \n-0003d410: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 726f 7574 696e List routin\n-0003d420: 6720 656e 7472 6965 730a 2a20 6e65 745f g entries.* net_\n-0003d430: 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 nslookup:: \n-0003d440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 Perfor\n-0003d450: 6d20 6120 444e 5320 6c6f 6f6b 7570 0a2a m a DNS lookup.*\n-0003d460: 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e3a 3a20 net_set_vlan:: \n-0003d470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n-0003d480: 6574 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 206f 6e20 616e et vlan id on an\n-0003d490: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 1f0a 4669 interface....Fi\n-0003d4a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003d4b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 Node: net_add_ad\n-0003d4c0: 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f61 dr, Next: net_a\n-0003d4d0: 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 dd_dns, Up: Net\n-0003d4e0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n-0003d4f0: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 206e 6574 5f61 6464 ..17.5.1 net_add\n-0003d500: 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _addr.----------\n-0003d510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003d520: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f ommand: net_add_\n-0003d530: 6164 6472 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2043 addr INTERFACE C\n-0003d540: 4152 4420 4144 4452 4553 530a 2020 2020 ARD ADDRESS. \n-0003d550: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 6464 6974 Configure addit\n-0003d560: 696f 6e61 6c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 494e ional network IN\n-0003d570: 5445 5246 4143 4520 7769 7468 2041 4444 TERFACE with ADD\n-0003d580: 5245 5353 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 RESS on a networ\n-0003d590: 6b0a 2020 2020 2043 4152 442e 2020 4144 k. CARD. AD\n-0003d5a0: 4452 4553 5320 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6974 DRESS can be eit\n-0003d5b0: 6865 7220 4950 2069 6e20 646f 7474 6564 her IP in dotted\n-0003d5c0: 2064 6563 696d 616c 206e 6f74 6174 696f decimal notatio\n-0003d5d0: 6e2c 206f 720a 2020 2020 2073 796d 626f n, or. symbo\n-0003d5e0: 6c69 6320 6e61 6d65 2077 6869 6368 2069 lic name which i\n-0003d5f0: 7320 7265 736f 6c76 6564 2075 7369 6e67 s resolved using\n-0003d600: 2044 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 4966 DNS lookup. If\n-0003d610: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 successful,. \n-0003d620: 2020 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2061 this command a\n-0003d630: 6c73 6f20 6164 6473 206c 6f63 616c 206c lso adds local l\n-0003d640: 696e 6b20 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 ink routing entr\n-0003d650: 7920 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 y to the default\n-0003d660: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 626e 6574 206f 6620 . subnet of \n-0003d670: 4144 4452 4553 5320 7769 7468 206e 616d ADDRESS with nam\n-0003d680: 6520 494e 5445 5246 4143 45e2 8098 3a6c e INTERFACE...:l\n-0003d690: 6f63 616c e280 9920 7669 6120 494e 5445 ocal... via INTE\n-0003d6a0: 5246 4143 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 RFACE.....File: \n-0003d6b0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003d6c0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 : net_add_dns, \n-0003d6d0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f Next: net_add_ro\n-0003d6e0: 7574 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ute, Prev: net_\n-0003d6f0: 6164 645f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e add_addr, Up: N\n-0003d700: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0003d710: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e32 206e 6574 5f61 ds..17.5.2 net_a\n-0003d720: 6464 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dd_dns.---------\n-0003d730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003d740: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f ommand: net_add_\n-0003d750: 646e 7320 5345 5256 4552 0a20 2020 2020 dns SERVER. \n-0003d760: 5265 736f 6c76 6520 5345 5256 4552 2049 Resolve SERVER I\n-0003d770: 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 6164 P address and ad\n-0003d780: 6420 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 d to the list of\n-0003d790: 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 DNS servers use\n-0003d7a0: 640a 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 d. during na\n-0003d7b0: 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 me lookup.....Fi\n-0003d7c0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003d7d0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f Node: net_add_ro\n-0003d7e0: 7574 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ute, Next: net_\n-0003d7f0: 626f 6f74 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 bootp, Prev: ne\n-0003d800: 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 t_add_dns, Up: \n-0003d810: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-0003d820: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3320 6e65 745f nds..17.5.3 net_\n-0003d830: 6164 645f 726f 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d add_route.------\n-0003d840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0003d850: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n-0003d860: 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 484f 5254 _add_route SHORT\n-0003d870: 4e41 4d45 2049 505b 2f50 5245 4649 585d NAME IP[/PREFIX]\n-0003d880: 205b 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 7c20 6777 [INTERFACE | gw\n-0003d890: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 4154 4557 . GATEW\n-0003d8a0: 4159 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 2072 6f75 AY]. Add rou\n-0003d8b0: 7465 2074 6f20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7769 te to network wi\n-0003d8c0: 7468 2061 6464 7265 7373 2049 5020 6173 th address IP as\n-0003d8d0: 206d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 6279 2050 5245 modified by PRE\n-0003d8e0: 4649 5820 7669 610a 2020 2020 2065 6974 FIX via. eit\n-0003d8f0: 6865 7220 6c6f 6361 6c20 494e 5445 5246 her local INTERF\n-0003d900: 4143 4520 6f72 2047 4154 4557 4159 2e20 ACE or GATEWAY. \n-0003d910: 2050 5245 4649 5820 6973 206f 7074 696f PREFIX is optio\n-0003d920: 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 6465 6661 756c 7473 nal and defaults\n-0003d930: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2033 3220 666f 7220 . to 32 for \n-0003d940: 4950 7634 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 IPv4 address and\n-0003d950: 2031 3238 2066 6f72 2049 5076 3620 6164 128 for IPv6 ad\n-0003d960: 6472 6573 732e 2020 526f 7574 6520 6973 dress. Route is\n-0003d970: 0a20 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 . identified\n-0003d980: 2062 7920 5348 4f52 544e 414d 4520 7768 by SHORTNAME wh\n-0003d990: 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ich can be used \n-0003d9a0: 746f 2072 656d 6f76 6520 6974 2028 2a6e to remove it (*n\n-0003d9b0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 656c ote. net_del\n-0003d9c0: 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 _route::).....Fi\n-0003d9d0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003d9e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c Node: net_bootp,\n-0003d9f0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f Next: net_del_\n-0003da00: 6164 6472 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 addr, Prev: net\n-0003da10: 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2055 703a _add_route, Up:\n-0003da20: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-0003da30: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e34 206e 6574 ands..17.5.4 net\n-0003da40: 5f62 6f6f 7470 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _bootp.---------\n-0003da50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003da60: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 7020 mand: net_bootp \n-0003da70: 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 [CARD]. Alia\n-0003da80: 7320 666f 7220 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 s for net_dhcp, \n-0003da90: 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 for compatibilit\n-0003daa0: 7920 7769 7468 206f 6c64 6572 2047 7275 y with older Gru\n-0003dab0: 6220 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2e0a 2020 2020 b versions.. \n-0003dac0: 2057 696c 6c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 Will perform th\n-0003dad0: 6520 7361 6d65 2044 4843 5020 6861 6e64 e same DHCP hand\n-0003dae0: 7368 616b 6520 7769 7468 2070 6f74 656e shake with poten\n-0003daf0: 7469 616c 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 746f tial fallback to\n-0003db00: 0a20 2020 2020 424f 4f54 5020 6173 2074 . BOOTP as t\n-0003db10: 6865 206e 6574 5f64 6863 7020 636f 6d6d he net_dhcp comm\n-0003db20: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f64 and (*note net_d\n-0003db30: 6863 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a hcp::).....File:\n-0003db40: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003db50: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c e: net_del_addr,\n-0003db60: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f Next: net_del_\n-0003db70: 646e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f dns, Prev: net_\n-0003db80: 626f 6f74 702c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 bootp, Up: Netw\n-0003db90: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n-0003dba0: 0a31 372e 352e 3520 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f .17.5.5 net_del_\n-0003dbb0: 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d addr.-----------\n-0003dbc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003dbd0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 mmand: net_del_a\n-0003dbe0: 6464 7220 494e 5445 5246 4143 450a 2020 ddr INTERFACE. \n-0003dbf0: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 636f 6e66 6967 Remove config\n-0003dc00: 7572 6564 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2077 ured INTERFACE w\n-0003dc10: 6974 6820 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 2061 ith associated a\n-0003dc20: 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ddress.....File:\n-0003dc30: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003dc40: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 e: net_del_dns, \n-0003dc50: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 Next: net_del_r\n-0003dc60: 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 oute, Prev: net\n-0003dc70: 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 _del_addr, Up: \n-0003dc80: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-0003dc90: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3620 6e65 745f nds..17.5.6 net_\n-0003dca0: 6465 6c5f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d del_dns.--------\n-0003dcb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003dcc0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 656c Command: net_del\n-0003dcd0: 5f64 6e73 2041 4444 5245 5353 0a20 2020 _dns ADDRESS. \n-0003dce0: 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2041 4444 5245 5353 Remove ADDRESS\n-0003dcf0: 2066 726f 6d20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 from list of se\n-0003dd00: 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e rvers used durin\n-0003dd10: 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a g name lookup...\n-0003dd20: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003dd30: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 o, Node: net_de\n-0003dd40: 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 l_route, Next: \n-0003dd50: 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 2050 7265 763a net_dhcp, Prev:\n-0003dd60: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 net_del_dns, U\n-0003dd70: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n-0003dd80: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e37 206e mmands..17.5.7 n\n-0003dd90: 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 0a2d 2d2d et_del_route.---\n-0003dda0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003ddb0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003ddc0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 6520 5348 net_del_route SH\n-0003ddd0: 4f52 544e 414d 450a 2020 2020 2052 656d ORTNAME. Rem\n-0003dde0: 6f76 6520 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 7920 ove route entry \n-0003ddf0: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 5348 identified by SH\n-0003de00: 4f52 544e 414d 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ORTNAME.....File\n-0003de10: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003de20: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 204e de: net_dhcp, N\n-0003de30: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 ext: net_get_dhc\n-0003de40: 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a p_option, Prev:\n-0003de50: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 net_del_route, \n-0003de60: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n-0003de70: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e38 commands..17.5.8\n-0003de80: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d net_dhcp.------\n-0003de90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003dea0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 ommand: net_dhcp\n-0003deb0: 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 2050 6572 [CARD]. Per\n-0003dec0: 666f 726d 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 form configurati\n-0003ded0: 6f6e 206f 6620 4341 5244 2075 7369 6e67 on of CARD using\n-0003dee0: 2044 4843 5020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 DHCP protocol. \n-0003def0: 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6172 6420 6e61 6d65 If no card name\n-0003df00: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 . is specifi\n-0003df10: 6564 2c20 7472 7920 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 ed, try to confi\n-0003df20: 6775 7265 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 7374 696e gure all existin\n-0003df30: 6720 6361 7264 732e 2020 4661 6c6c 7320 g cards. Falls \n-0003df40: 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 back to. the\n-0003df50: 2042 4f4f 5450 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2c BOOTP protocol,\n-0003df60: 2069 6620 6e65 6564 6564 2e20 2049 6620 if needed. If \n-0003df70: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7761 configuration wa\n-0003df80: 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 s successful,. \n-0003df90: 2020 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2077 6974 interface wit\n-0003dfa0: 6820 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 8098 3a64 h name CARD...:d\n-0003dfb0: 6863 70e2 8099 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 6669 hcp... and confi\n-0003dfc0: 6775 7265 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 6973 gured address is\n-0003dfd0: 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2043 added to. C\n-0003dfe0: 4152 442e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c ARD. Additional\n-0003dff0: 6c79 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ly the following\n-0003e000: 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 DHCP options ar\n-0003e010: 6520 7265 636f 676e 697a 6564 2061 6e64 e recognized and\n-0003e020: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f63 6573 7365 643a . processed:\n-0003e030: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3120 2853 7562 .. ...1 (Sub\n-0003e040: 6e65 7420 4d61 736b 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 net Mask).... \n-0003e050: 2020 2020 2020 2055 7365 6420 746f 2063 Used to c\n-0003e060: 616c 6375 6c61 7465 206e 6574 776f 726b alculate network\n-0003e070: 206c 6f63 616c 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 local routing e\n-0003e080: 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ntry for interfa\n-0003e090: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 4152 ce. CAR\n-0003e0a0: 44e2 8098 3a64 6863 70e2 8099 2e0a 2020 D...:dhcp..... \n-0003e0b0: 2020 20e2 8098 3320 2852 6f75 7465 7229 ...3 (Router)\n-0003e0c0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 .... Ad\n-0003e0d0: 6473 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2072 6f75 7465 ds default route\n-0003e0e0: 2065 6e74 7279 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 entry with the \n-0003e0f0: 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 8098 3a64 6863 name CARD...:dhc\n-0003e100: 703a 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2076 6961 p:default... via\n-0003e110: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6174 6577 . gatew\n-0003e120: 6179 2066 726f 6d20 4448 4350 206f 7074 ay from DHCP opt\n-0003e130: 696f 6e2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ion. Note that \n-0003e140: 6f6e 6c79 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 7468 only option with\n-0003e150: 2073 696e 676c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 single. \n-0003e160: 2020 726f 7574 6520 6973 2061 6363 6570 route is accep\n-0003e170: 7465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 2028 ted.. ...6 (\n-0003e180: 446f 6d61 696e 204e 616d 6520 5365 7276 Domain Name Serv\n-0003e190: 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 er).... \n-0003e1a0: 2041 6464 7320 616c 6c20 7365 7276 6572 Adds all server\n-0003e1b0: 7320 6672 6f6d 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7661 s from option va\n-0003e1c0: 6c75 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 lue to the list \n-0003e1d0: 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 640a of servers used.\n-0003e1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 during\n-0003e1f0: 206e 616d 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e name resolution\n-0003e200: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3132 2028 486f .. ...12 (Ho\n-0003e210: 7374 204e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 st Name).... \n-0003e220: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 Sets envir\n-0003e230: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-0003e240: e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e ...net_...\n-0003e250: e280 985f 6468 6370 5f68 6f73 746e 616d ..._dhcp_hostnam\n-0003e260: 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 e... (*note. \n-0003e270: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 net__hostname::\n-0003e290: 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f ) to the value o\n-0003e2a0: 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 f option.. .\n-0003e2b0: 8098 3135 2028 446f 6d61 696e 204e 616d ..15 (Domain Nam\n-0003e2c0: 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e).... \n-0003e2d0: 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Sets environment\n-0003e2e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 variable ...net\n-0003e2f0: 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 6468 _......_dh\n-0003e300: 6370 5f64 6f6d 6169 6ee2 8099 2028 2a6e cp_domain... (*n\n-0003e310: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ote. ne\n-0003e320: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f t__do\n-0003e330: 6d61 696e 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 main::) to the v\n-0003e340: 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a alue of option..\n-0003e350: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3137 2028 526f 6f74 ...17 (Root\n-0003e360: 2050 6174 6829 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 Path).... \n-0003e370: 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Sets environ\n-0003e380: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 ment variable ..\n-0003e390: 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 .net_.....\n-0003e3a0: 985f 6468 6370 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 68e2 ._dhcp_rootpath.\n-0003e3b0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 .. (*note. \n-0003e3c0: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 net__rootpath::) \n-0003e3e0: 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 to the value of \n-0003e3f0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 option.. ...\n-0003e400: 3138 2028 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2050 18 (Extensions P\n-0003e410: 6174 6829 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ath).... \n-0003e420: 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Sets environme\n-0003e430: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e nt variable ...n\n-0003e440: 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f et_......_\n-0003e450: 6468 6370 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 dhcp_extensionsp\n-0003e460: 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ath.... \n-0003e470: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 (*note net__extensio\n-0003e490: 6e73 7061 7468 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 nspath::) to the\n-0003e4a0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 value of. \n-0003e4b0: 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 option.. \n-0003e4c0: 20e2 8098 3636 2028 5446 5450 2053 6572 ...66 (TFTP Ser\n-0003e4d0: 7665 7220 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 ver Name).... \n-0003e4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 Sets envi\n-0003e4f0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-0003e500: 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 ...net_......_dhcp_server\n-0003e520: 5f6e 616d 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 _name.... \n-0003e530: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 3c49 (*note net__dhcp_s\n-0003e550: 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 3a3a 2920 746f erver_name::) to\n-0003e560: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 the value of. \n-0003e570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a option..\n-0003e580: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3637 2028 4669 6c65 ...67 (File\n-0003e590: 6e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 name).... \n-0003e5a0: 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Sets environm\n-0003e5b0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n-0003e5c0: 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 net_......\n-0003e5d0: 5f62 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 e280 9920 282a _boot_file... (*\n-0003e5e0: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e note. n\n-0003e5f0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 et__b\n-0003e600: 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 oot_file::) to t\n-0003e610: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 he value of opti\n-0003e620: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n-0003e630: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-0003e640: 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 et_get_dhcp_opti\n-0003e650: 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f69 on, Next: net_i\n-0003e660: 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 2050 pv6_autoconf, P\n-0003e670: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 rev: net_dhcp, \n-0003e680: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n-0003e690: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3920 ommands..17.5.9 \n-0003e6a0: 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 net_get_dhcp_opt\n-0003e6b0: 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ion.------------\n-0003e6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0003e6d0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n-0003e6e0: 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e _get_dhcp_option\n-0003e6f0: 2056 4152 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 204e VAR INTERFACE N\n-0003e700: 554d 4245 5220 5459 5045 0a20 2020 2020 UMBER TYPE. \n-0003e710: 5265 7175 6573 7420 4448 4350 206f 7074 Request DHCP opt\n-0003e720: 696f 6e20 4e55 4d42 4552 206f 6620 5459 ion NUMBER of TY\n-0003e730: 5045 2076 6961 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 PE via INTERFACE\n-0003e740: 2e20 2054 5950 4520 6361 6e20 6265 206f . TYPE can be o\n-0003e750: 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 7374 ne. of ...st\n-0003e760: 7269 6e67 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6e75 6d62 ring..., ...numb\n-0003e770: 6572 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6865 78e2 er... or ...hex.\n-0003e780: 8099 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 ... If option i\n-0003e790: 7320 666f 756e 642c 2061 7373 6967 6e20 s found, assign \n-0003e7a0: 6974 730a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 2074 its. value t\n-0003e7b0: 6f20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 o variable VAR. \n-0003e7c0: 2056 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 7970 6573 Values of types\n-0003e7d0: 20e2 8098 6e75 6d62 6572 e280 9920 616e ...number... an\n-0003e7e0: 6420 e280 9868 6578 e280 9920 6172 650a d ...hex... are.\n-0003e7f0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 6564 2074 converted t\n-0003e800: 6f20 7374 7269 6e67 2072 6570 7265 7365 o string represe\n-0003e810: 6e74 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ntation.....File\n-0003e820: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003e830: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 de: net_ipv6_aut\n-0003e840: 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 oconf, Next: ne\n-0003e850: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5072 6576 t_ls_addr, Prev\n-0003e860: 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f : net_get_dhcp_o\n-0003e870: 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 ption, Up: Netw\n-0003e880: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n-0003e890: 0a31 372e 352e 3130 206e 6574 5f69 7076 .17.5.10 net_ipv\n-0003e8a0: 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 6_autoconf.-----\n+00039de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5269 6768 740a 0a20 Right.. \n+00039df0: 2020 2020 4173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 206b As well as k\n+00039e00: 6579 7374 726f 6b65 732c 2074 6865 20e2 eystrokes, the .\n+00039e10: 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d ..sendkey... com\n+00039e20: 6d61 6e64 2074 616b 6573 2076 6172 696f mand takes vario\n+00039e30: 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 us options. \n+00039e40: 7468 6174 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 that affect the \n+00039e50: 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 7374 BIOS keyboard st\n+00039e60: 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6773 2e20 2054 6865 atus flags. The\n+00039e70: 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 616b 6520 se options take \n+00039e80: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 986f 6ee2 8099 an. ...on...\n+00039e90: 206f 7220 e280 986f 6666 e280 9920 7061 or ...off... pa\n+00039ea0: 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2073 7065 6369 6679 rameter, specify\n+00039eb0: 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 6865 2063 6f72 ing that the cor\n+00039ec0: 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2073 7461 7475 responding statu\n+00039ed0: 730a 2020 2020 2066 6c61 6720 6265 2073 s. flag be s\n+00039ee0: 6574 206f 7220 756e 7365 743b 206f 6d69 et or unset; omi\n+00039ef0: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e tting the option\n+00039f00: 2066 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e 2073 7461 for a given sta\n+00039f10: 7475 7320 666c 6167 0a20 2020 2020 7769 tus flag. wi\n+00039f20: 6c6c 206c 6561 7665 2074 6861 7420 666c ll leave that fl\n+00039f30: 6167 2061 7420 6974 7320 696e 6974 6961 ag at its initia\n+00039f40: 6c20 7374 6174 6520 6174 2062 6f6f 742e l state at boot.\n+00039f50: 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 756d e280 The ...--num..\n+00039f60: 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d63 6170 .,. ...--cap\n+00039f70: 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d73 6372 6f6c s..., ...--scrol\n+00039f80: 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d69 l..., and ...--i\n+00039f90: 6e73 6572 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 nsert... options\n+00039fa0: 2065 6d75 6c61 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 emulate setting\n+00039fb0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 the. corres\n+00039fc0: 706f 6e64 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 2c20 7768 ponding mode, wh\n+00039fd0: 696c 6520 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 756d ile the ...--num\n+00039fe0: 6b65 79e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d63 6170 key..., ...--cap\n+00039ff0: 736b 6579 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 skey...,. ..\n+0003a000: 982d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 e280 992c .--scrollkey...,\n+0003a010: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 and ...--insert\n+0003a020: 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 key... options e\n+0003a030: 6d75 6c61 7465 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 mulate pressing \n+0003a040: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 and. holding\n+0003a050: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 the correspondi\n+0003a060: 6e67 206b 6579 2e20 2054 6865 206f 7468 ng key. The oth\n+0003a070: 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f er status flag o\n+0003a080: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 ptions are. \n+0003a090: 7365 6c66 2d65 7870 6c61 6e61 746f 7279 self-explanatory\n+0003a0a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 ... If the .\n+0003a0b0: 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d6c 6564 e280 9920 6f70 ..--no-led... op\n+0003a0c0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 tion is given, t\n+0003a0d0: 6865 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f he status flag o\n+0003a0e0: 7074 696f 6e73 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 ptions will. \n+0003a0f0: 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 7420 have no effect \n+0003a100: 6f6e 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 4c45 4473 on keyboard LEDs\n+0003a110: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 ... If the .\n+0003a120: 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d ..sendkey... com\n+0003a130: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d75 mand is given mu\n+0003a140: 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 2c20 7468 ltiple times, th\n+0003a150: 656e 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 en only the. \n+0003a160: 206c 6173 7420 696e 766f 6361 7469 6f6e last invocation\n+0003a170: 2068 6173 2061 6e79 2065 6666 6563 742e has any effect.\n+0003a180: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 696e 6365 20e2 8098 .. Since ...\n+0003a190: 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 206d 616e 6970 sendkey... manip\n+0003a1a0: 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 ulates the BIOS \n+0003a1b0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 722c keyboard buffer,\n+0003a1c0: 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a 2020 it may cause. \n+0003a1d0: 2020 2068 616e 6773 2c20 7265 626f 6f74 hangs, reboot\n+0003a1e0: 732c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7220 6d69 7362 s, or other misb\n+0003a1f0: 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 ehaviour on some\n+0003a200: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 systems. If th\n+0003a210: 650a 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 e. operating\n+0003a220: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 system or boot \n+0003a230: 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 loader that runs\n+0003a240: 2061 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 after GRUB uses\n+0003a250: 2069 7473 206f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 its own. ke\n+0003a260: 7962 6f61 7264 2064 7269 7665 7220 7261 yboard driver ra\n+0003a270: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 4249 ther than the BI\n+0003a280: 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6675 6e63 OS keyboard func\n+0003a290: 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 tions, then. \n+0003a2a0: 20e2 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2077 ...sendkey... w\n+0003a2b0: 696c 6c20 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 ill have no effe\n+0003a2c0: 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 ct... This c\n+0003a2d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 ommand is only a\n+0003a2e0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 5043 2042 vailable on PC B\n+0003a2f0: 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a IOS systems.....\n+0003a300: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003a310: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 742c 2020 4e65 Node: set, Ne\n+0003a320: 7874 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 xt: sha1sum, Pr\n+0003a330: 6576 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5570 ev: sendkey, Up\n+0003a340: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0003a350: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3637 ommands..17.4.67\n+0003a360: 2073 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d set.-----------\n+0003a370: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n+0003a380: 6574 205b 656e 7676 6172 3d76 616c 7565 et [envvar=value\n+0003a390: 5d0a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2065 ]. Set the e\n+0003a3a0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0003a3b0: 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2074 6f20 5641 ble ENVVAR to VA\n+0003a3c0: 4c55 452e 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 LUE. If invoked\n+0003a3d0: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 0a20 2020 2020 6172 with no. ar\n+0003a3e0: 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2061 guments, print a\n+0003a3f0: 6c6c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 ll environment v\n+0003a400: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 ariables with th\n+0003a410: 6569 7220 7661 6c75 6573 2e20 2046 6f72 eir values. For\n+0003a420: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f . the list o\n+0003a430: 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 f environment va\n+0003a440: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c riables currentl\n+0003a450: 7920 7573 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2069 y used by GRUB i\n+0003a460: 7473 656c 6620 7365 650a 2020 2020 2074 tself see. t\n+0003a470: 6865 2072 656c 6576 616e 7420 7365 6374 he relevant sect\n+0003a480: 696f 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f ion *note Enviro\n+0003a490: 6e6d 656e 743a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nment::.....File\n+0003a4a0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003a4b0: 6465 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 de: sha1sum, Ne\n+0003a4c0: 7874 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 xt: sha256sum, \n+0003a4d0: 5072 6576 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: set, Up: \n+0003a4e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0003a4f0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3638 2073 mands..17.4.68 s\n+0003a500: 6861 3173 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ha1sum.---------\n+0003a510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0003a520: 616e 643a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2061 7267 and: sha1sum arg\n+0003a530: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 .... Alias \n+0003a540: 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d for ...hashsum -\n+0003a550: 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6131 2061 7267 202e -hash sha1 arg .\n+0003a560: 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d ...... See comm\n+0003a570: 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 and ...hashsum..\n+0003a580: 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 .. (*note ha\n+0003a590: 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c shsum::) for ful\n+0003a5a0: 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a l description...\n+0003a5b0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003a5c0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 o, Node: sha256\n+0003a5d0: 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 6135 sum, Next: sha5\n+0003a5e0: 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 12sum, Prev: sh\n+0003a5f0: 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d a1sum, Up: Comm\n+0003a600: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0003a610: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3639 2073 6861 3235 s..17.4.69 sha25\n+0003a620: 3673 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6sum.-----------\n+0003a630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0003a640: 616e 643a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2061 and: sha256sum a\n+0003a650: 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 rg .... Alia\n+0003a660: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d s for ...hashsum\n+0003a670: 202d 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6132 3536 2061 --hash sha256 a\n+0003a680: 7267 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 rg ....... See \n+0003a690: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 command ...hashs\n+0003a6a0: 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 um.... (*not\n+0003a6b0: 6520 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 e hashsum::) for\n+0003a6c0: 2066 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f full descriptio\n+0003a6d0: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+0003a6e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 .info, Node: sh\n+0003a6f0: 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 a512sum, Next: \n+0003a700: 736c 6565 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 sleep, Prev: sh\n+0003a710: 6132 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f a256sum, Up: Co\n+0003a720: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0003a730: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3730 2073 6861 nds..17.4.70 sha\n+0003a740: 3531 3273 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 512sum.---------\n+0003a750: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003a760: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d mmand: sha512sum\n+0003a770: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c arg .... Al\n+0003a780: 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 ias for ...hashs\n+0003a790: 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6135 3132 um --hash sha512\n+0003a7a0: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 arg ....... Se\n+0003a7b0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 e command ...has\n+0003a7c0: 6873 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e hsum.... (*n\n+0003a7d0: 6f74 6520 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 ote hashsum::) f\n+0003a7e0: 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 or full descript\n+0003a7f0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+0003a800: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003a810: 736c 6565 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736d sleep, Next: sm\n+0003a820: 6269 6f73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 bios, Prev: sha\n+0003a830: 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 512sum, Up: Com\n+0003a840: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0003a850: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3120 736c 6565 ds..17.4.71 slee\n+0003a860: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a p.-------------.\n+0003a870: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736c . -- Command: sl\n+0003a880: 6565 7020 5b2d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 5d20 eep [--verbose] \n+0003a890: 5b2d 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6962 6c65 [--interruptible\n+0003a8a0: 5d20 636f 756e 740a 2020 2020 2053 6c65 ] count. Sle\n+0003a8b0: 6570 2066 6f72 2043 4f55 4e54 2073 6563 ep for COUNT sec\n+0003a8c0: 6f6e 6473 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e onds. If option\n+0003a8d0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 7469 ...--interrupti\n+0003a8e0: 626c 65e2 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c ble... is given,\n+0003a8f0: 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 7072 6573 . allow pres\n+0003a900: 7369 6e67 203c 4553 433e 2c20 3c46 343e sing , \n+0003a910: 206f 7220 686f 6c64 696e 6720 646f 776e or holding down\n+0003a920: 203c 5348 4946 543e 2074 6f20 696e 7465 to inte\n+0003a930: 7272 7570 740a 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 rrupt. sleep\n+0003a940: 2e20 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d76 6572 . With ...--ver\n+0003a950: 626f 7365 e280 9920 7368 6f77 2063 6f75 bose... show cou\n+0003a960: 6e74 646f 776e 206f 6620 7265 6d61 696e ntdown of remain\n+0003a970: 696e 6720 7365 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4578 ing seconds. Ex\n+0003a980: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6465 2069 7320 it. code is \n+0003a990: 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 7469 6d65 set to 0 if time\n+0003a9a0: 6f75 7420 6578 7069 7265 6420 616e 6420 out expired and \n+0003a9b0: 746f 2031 2069 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 to 1 if timeout \n+0003a9c0: 7761 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 7275 was. interru\n+0003a9d0: 7074 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2061 6e79 206f pted using any o\n+0003a9e0: 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 f the mentioned \n+0003a9f0: 6b65 7973 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 keys.....File: g\n+0003aa00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003aa10: 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 smbios, Next: \n+0003aa20: 736f 7572 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 source, Prev: s\n+0003aa30: 6c65 6570 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 leep, Up: Comma\n+0003aa40: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0003aa50: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3220 736d 6269 6f73 ..17.4.72 smbios\n+0003aa60: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+0003aa70: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736d . -- Command: sm\n+0003aa80: 6269 6f73 205b 2d2d 7479 7065 2054 5950 bios [--type TYP\n+0003aa90: 455d 205b 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 2048 414e E] [--handle HAN\n+0003aaa0: 444c 455d 205b 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 4d41 DLE] [--match MA\n+0003aab0: 5443 485d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 TCH]. (\n+0003aac0: 2d2d 6765 742d 6279 7465 207c 202d 2d67 --get-byte | --g\n+0003aad0: 6574 2d77 6f72 6420 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d et-word | --get-\n+0003aae0: 6477 6f72 6420 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7177 dword | --get-qw\n+0003aaf0: 6f72 6420 7c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ord |. \n+0003ab00: 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 7269 6e67 207c 202d --get-string | -\n+0003ab10: 2d67 6574 2d75 7569 6429 204f 4646 5345 -get-uuid) OFFSE\n+0003ab20: 5420 5b2d 2d73 6574 2056 4152 4941 424c T [--set VARIABL\n+0003ab30: 455d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 E]. Retrieve\n+0003ab40: 2053 4d42 494f 5320 696e 666f 726d 6174 SMBIOS informat\n+0003ab50: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 ion... The .\n+0003ab60: 8098 736d 6269 6f73 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ..smbios... comm\n+0003ab70: 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e 7320 7468 6520 and returns the \n+0003ab80: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2061 2066 6965 6c64 value of a field\n+0003ab90: 2069 6e20 616e 2053 4d42 494f 530a 2020 in an SMBIOS. \n+0003aba0: 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2054 structure. T\n+0003abb0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 he following opt\n+0003abc0: 696f 6e73 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 ions determine w\n+0003abd0: 6869 6368 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2074 hich structure t\n+0003abe0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 742e 0a0a o. select...\n+0003abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 ... Spec\n+0003ac00: 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 7479 7065 ifying ...--type\n+0003ac10: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 ... will select \n+0003ac20: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 structures with \n+0003ac30: 6120 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 a matching. \n+0003ac40: 2020 2020 2054 5950 452e 2020 5468 6520 TYPE. The \n+0003ac50: 7479 7065 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 type can be any \n+0003ac60: 696e 7465 6765 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 2074 integer from 0 t\n+0003ac70: 6f20 3235 352e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 o 255.. .\n+0003ac80: 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 .. Specifying ..\n+0003ac90: 982d 2d68 616e 646c 65e2 8099 2077 696c .--handle... wil\n+0003aca0: 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 l select structu\n+0003acb0: 7265 7320 7769 7468 2061 206d 6174 6368 res with a match\n+0003acc0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4841 ing. HA\n+0003acd0: 4e44 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2068 616e 646c NDLE. The handl\n+0003ace0: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 e can be any int\n+0003acf0: 6567 6572 2066 726f 6d20 3020 746f 2036 eger from 0 to 6\n+0003ad00: 3535 3335 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 5535.. ..\n+0003ad10: a220 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 . Specifying ...\n+0003ad20: 2d2d 6d61 7463 68e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 --match... will \n+0003ad30: 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 select structure\n+0003ad40: 206e 756d 6265 7220 4d41 5443 4820 696e number MATCH in\n+0003ad50: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 the. f\n+0003ad60: 696c 7465 7265 6420 6c69 7374 206f 6620 iltered list of \n+0003ad70: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 3b20 652e 672e structures; e.g.\n+0003ad80: 2020 e280 9873 6d62 696f 7320 2d2d 7479 ...smbios --ty\n+0003ad90: 7065 2034 202d 2d6d 6174 6368 2032 e280 pe 4 --match 2..\n+0003ada0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c .. will\n+0003adb0: 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 7365 636f select the seco\n+0003adc0: 6e64 2050 726f 6365 7373 2049 6e66 6f72 nd Process Infor\n+0003add0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2028 5479 7065 2034 2920 mation (Type 4) \n+0003ade0: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 structure.. \n+0003adf0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6973 The list is\n+0003ae00: 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6f72 6465 7265 6420 always ordered \n+0003ae10: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7468 6520 the same as the \n+0003ae20: 6861 7264 7761 7265 2773 2053 4d42 494f hardware's SMBIO\n+0003ae30: 530a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7461 626c S. tabl\n+0003ae40: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6d61 7463 6820 6e75 e. The match nu\n+0003ae50: 6d62 6572 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 2070 mber must be a p\n+0003ae60: 6f73 6974 6976 6520 696e 7465 6765 722e ositive integer.\n+0003ae70: 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 If. u\n+0003ae80: 6e73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7468 6520 nspecified, the \n+0003ae90: 6669 7273 7420 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2073 first matching s\n+0003aea0: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6265 tructure will be\n+0003aeb0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 selected... \n+0003aec0: 2054 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 206f The remaining o\n+0003aed0: 7074 696f 6e73 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 ptions determine\n+0003aee0: 2077 6869 6368 2066 6965 6c64 2069 6e20 which field in \n+0003aef0: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 the selected SMB\n+0003af00: 494f 530a 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 IOS. structu\n+0003af10: 7265 2074 6f20 7265 7475 726e 2e20 204f re to return. O\n+0003af20: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 7365 nly one of these\n+0003af30: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 options may be \n+0003af40: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6174 0a20 2020 specified at. \n+0003af50: 2020 6120 7469 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 a time... \n+0003af60: 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 ... When give\n+0003af70: 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 65e2 n ...--get-byte.\n+0003af80: 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 .., return the v\n+0003af90: 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 6279 7465 alue of the byte\n+0003afa0: 2061 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4f46 at. OF\n+0003afb0: 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 FSET bytes into \n+0003afc0: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 the selected SMB\n+0003afd0: 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 IOS structure. \n+0003afe0: 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 It will be. \n+0003aff0: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 formatted a\n+0003b000: 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 s an unsigned de\n+0003b010: 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 cimal integer.. \n+0003b020: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 ... When \n+0003b030: 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d77 given ...--get-w\n+0003b040: 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 ord..., return t\n+0003b050: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 he value of the \n+0003b060: 776f 7264 2028 7477 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 word (two. \n+0003b070: 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 bytes) at OF\n+0003b080: 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 FSET bytes into \n+0003b090: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 the selected SMB\n+0003b0a0: 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 IOS structure. \n+0003b0b0: 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c It. wil\n+0003b0c0: 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 l be formatted a\n+0003b0d0: 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 s an unsigned de\n+0003b0e0: 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 cimal integer.. \n+0003b0f0: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 ... When \n+0003b100: 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d64 given ...--get-d\n+0003b110: 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 word..., return \n+0003b120: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the value of the\n+0003b130: 2064 776f 7264 2028 666f 7572 0a20 2020 dword (four. \n+0003b140: 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 bytes) at\n+0003b150: 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e OFFSET bytes in\n+0003b160: 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 to the selected \n+0003b170: 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 SMBIOS structure\n+0003b180: 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . It. \n+0003b190: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 will be formatte\n+0003b1a0: 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 d as an unsigned\n+0003b1b0: 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 decimal integer\n+0003b1c0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 .. ... Wh\n+0003b1d0: 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 en given ...--ge\n+0003b1e0: 742d 7177 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 t-qword..., retu\n+0003b1f0: 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 rn the value of \n+0003b200: 7468 6520 7177 6f72 6420 2865 6967 6874 the qword (eight\n+0003b210: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 . bytes\n+0003b220: 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 ) at OFFSET byte\n+0003b230: 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 s into the selec\n+0003b240: 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 ted SMBIOS struc\n+0003b250: 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 ture. It. \n+0003b260: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d will be form\n+0003b270: 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 atted as an unsi\n+0003b280: 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 gned decimal int\n+0003b290: 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 eger.. ..\n+0003b2a0: a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 . When given ...\n+0003b2b0: 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 7269 6e67 e280 992c --get-string...,\n+0003b2c0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7374 7269 return the stri\n+0003b2d0: 6e67 2077 6974 6820 6974 7320 696e 6465 ng with its inde\n+0003b2e0: 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 756e x. foun\n+0003b2f0: 6420 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 d at OFFSET byte\n+0003b300: 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 s into the selec\n+0003b310: 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 ted SMBIOS struc\n+0003b320: 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 ture.. ..\n+0003b330: a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 . When given ...\n+0003b340: 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 6964 e280 992c 2072 --get-uuid..., r\n+0003b350: 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 eturn the value \n+0003b360: 6f66 2074 6865 2055 5549 4420 2873 6978 of the UUID (six\n+0003b370: 7465 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 teen. b\n+0003b380: 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 ytes) at OFFSET \n+0003b390: 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 bytes into the s\n+0003b3a0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 elected SMBIOS s\n+0003b3b0: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 tructure. It. \n+0003b3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 will be \n+0003b3d0: 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 206c 6f77 formatted as low\n+0003b3e0: 6572 2d63 6173 6520 6879 7068 656e 6174 er-case hyphenat\n+0003b3f0: 6564 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 ed hexadecimal d\n+0003b400: 6967 6974 732c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 igits,. \n+0003b410: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 with the first \n+0003b420: 7468 7265 6520 6669 656c 6473 2061 7320 three fields as \n+0003b430: 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 6961 6e2c 2061 little-endian, a\n+0003b440: 6e64 2074 6865 2072 6573 740a 2020 2020 nd the rest. \n+0003b450: 2020 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 6279 printed by\n+0003b460: 7465 2d62 792d 6279 7465 2e0a 0a20 2020 te-by-byte... \n+0003b470: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6163 The default ac\n+0003b480: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 746f 2070 7269 6e74 tion is to print\n+0003b490: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 the value of th\n+0003b4a0: 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 6669 656c e requested fiel\n+0003b4b0: 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f d to. the co\n+0003b4c0: 6e73 6f6c 652c 2062 7574 2061 2076 6172 nsole, but a var\n+0003b4d0: 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 2063 616e 2062 iable name can b\n+0003b4e0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 e specified with\n+0003b4f0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 2074 6f0a ...--set... to.\n+0003b500: 2020 2020 2073 746f 7265 2074 6865 2076 store the v\n+0003b510: 616c 7565 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 alue instead of \n+0003b520: 7072 696e 7469 6e67 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 printing it... \n+0003b530: 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 For example, \n+0003b540: 7468 6973 2077 696c 6c20 7374 6f72 6520 this will store \n+0003b550: 616e 6420 7468 656e 2064 6973 706c 6179 and then display\n+0003b560: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 the system. \n+0003b570: 206d 616e 7566 6163 7475 7265 7227 7320 manufacturer's \n+0003b580: 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 name... \n+0003b590: 2073 6d62 696f 7320 2d2d 7479 7065 2031 smbios --type 1\n+0003b5a0: 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e 6720 3420 --get-string 4 \n+0003b5b0: 2d2d 7365 7420 7379 7374 656d 5f6d 616e --set system_man\n+0003b5c0: 7566 6163 7475 7265 720a 2020 2020 2020 ufacturer. \n+0003b5d0: 2020 2020 6563 686f 2024 7379 7374 656d echo $system\n+0003b5e0: 5f6d 616e 7566 6163 7475 7265 720a 0a1f _manufacturer...\n+0003b5f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003b600: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6f75 7263 652c , Node: source,\n+0003b610: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 7374 2c20 2050 Next: test, P\n+0003b620: 7265 763a 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5570 rev: smbios, Up\n+0003b630: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0003b640: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3733 ommands..17.4.73\n+0003b650: 2073 6f75 7263 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d source.--------\n+0003b660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0003b670: 616e 643a 2073 6f75 7263 6520 6669 6c65 and: source file\n+0003b680: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2046 494c 4520 . Read FILE \n+0003b690: 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 as a configurati\n+0003b6a0: 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 7320 6966 2069 on file, as if i\n+0003b6b0: 7473 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6861 6420 ts contents had \n+0003b6c0: 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 696e 636f 7270 been. incorp\n+0003b6d0: 6f72 6174 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 orated directly \n+0003b6e0: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 6f75 7263 696e into the sourcin\n+0003b6f0: 6720 6669 6c65 2e20 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 g file. Unlike \n+0003b700: e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ...configfile...\n+0003b710: 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6e . (*note con\n+0003b720: 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2c20 7468 6973 figfile::), this\n+0003b730: 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 636f executes the co\n+0003b740: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 4649 4c45 2077 ntents of FILE w\n+0003b750: 6974 686f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6368 616e ithout. chan\n+0003b760: 6769 6e67 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 3a20 616e ging context: an\n+0003b770: 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 y environment va\n+0003b780: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d riable changes m\n+0003b790: 6164 6520 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ade by the. \n+0003b7a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 commands in FILE\n+0003b7b0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 7265 7365 7276 will be preserv\n+0003b7c0: 6564 2061 6674 6572 20e2 8098 736f 7572 ed after ...sour\n+0003b7d0: 6365 e280 9920 7265 7475 726e 732c 2061 ce... returns, a\n+0003b7e0: 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 nd the. menu\n+0003b7f0: 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 686f will not be sho\n+0003b800: 776e 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e0a wn immediately..\n+0003b810: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003b820: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6573 742c fo, Node: test,\n+0003b830: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2050 Next: true, P\n+0003b840: 7265 763a 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 5570 rev: source, Up\n+0003b850: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0003b860: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3734 ommands..17.4.74\n+0003b870: 2074 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d test.----------\n+0003b880: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003b890: 2074 6573 7420 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e test expression\n+0003b8a0: 0a20 2020 2020 4576 616c 7561 7465 2045 . Evaluate E\n+0003b8b0: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 616e 6420 7265 XPRESSION and re\n+0003b8c0: 7475 726e 207a 6572 6f20 6578 6974 2073 turn zero exit s\n+0003b8d0: 7461 7475 7320 6966 2072 6573 756c 7420 tatus if result \n+0003b8e0: 6973 2074 7275 652c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f is true,. no\n+0003b8f0: 6e20 7a65 726f 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f74 n zero status ot\n+0003b900: 6865 7277 6973 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 herwise... E\n+0003b910: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 6973 206f 6e65 XPRESSION is one\n+0003b920: 206f 663a 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e of:.. STRIN\n+0003b930: 4731 20e2 8098 3d3d e280 9920 5354 5249 G1 ...==... STRI\n+0003b940: 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 NG2. th\n+0003b950: 6520 7374 7269 6e67 7320 6172 6520 6571 e strings are eq\n+0003b960: 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 ual. STRING1\n+0003b970: 20e2 8098 213d e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 ...!=... STRING\n+0003b980: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 2. the \n+0003b990: 7374 7269 6e67 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 strings are not \n+0003b9a0: 6571 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e equal. STRIN\n+0003b9b0: 4731 20e2 8098 3ce2 8099 2053 5452 494e G1 ...<... STRIN\n+0003b9c0: 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 G2. STR\n+0003b9d0: 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f 6772 ING1 is lexicogr\n+0003b9e0: 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6c65 7373 2074 aphically less t\n+0003b9f0: 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 han STRING2. \n+0003ba00: 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 3c3d e280 STRING1 ...<=..\n+0003ba10: 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 . STRING2. \n+0003ba20: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c STRING1 is l\n+0003ba30: 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 exicographically\n+0003ba40: 206c 6573 7320 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 less or equal t\n+0003ba50: 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 han STRING2. \n+0003ba60: 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 STRING1 ...>...\n+0003ba70: 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 STRING2. \n+0003ba80: 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 STRING1 is le\n+0003ba90: 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 xicographically \n+0003baa0: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 2053 5452 greater than STR\n+0003bab0: 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 ING2. STRING\n+0003bac0: 3120 e280 983e 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 1 ...>=... STRIN\n+0003bad0: 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 G2. STR\n+0003bae0: 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f 6772 ING1 is lexicogr\n+0003baf0: 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6772 6561 7465 aphically greate\n+0003bb00: 7220 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6861 6e20 r or equal than \n+0003bb10: 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 STRING2. INT\n+0003bb20: 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6571 e280 9920 EGER1 ...-eq... \n+0003bb30: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n+0003bb40: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 2065 INTEGER1 is e\n+0003bb50: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 qual to INTEGER2\n+0003bb60: 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 . INTEGER1 .\n+0003bb70: 8098 2d67 65e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ..-ge... INTEGER\n+0003bb80: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 2. INTE\n+0003bb90: 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 GER1 is greater \n+0003bba0: 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f than or equal to\n+0003bbb0: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 INTEGER2. I\n+0003bbc0: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6774 e280 NTEGER1 ...-gt..\n+0003bbd0: 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 . INTEGER2. \n+0003bbe0: 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 INTEGER1 is\n+0003bbf0: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 494e greater than IN\n+0003bc00: 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 TEGER2. INTE\n+0003bc10: 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d6c 65e2 8099 2049 GER1 ...-le... I\n+0003bc20: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTEGER2. \n+0003bc30: 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6c65 INTEGER1 is le\n+0003bc40: 7373 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c ss than or equal\n+0003bc50: 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 to INTEGER2. \n+0003bc60: 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d6c INTEGER1 ...-l\n+0003bc70: 74e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 t... INTEGER2. \n+0003bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 INTEGER1\n+0003bc90: 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 494e is less than IN\n+0003bca0: 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 TEGER2. INTE\n+0003bcb0: 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d6e 65e2 8099 2049 GER1 ...-ne... I\n+0003bcc0: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTEGER2. \n+0003bcd0: 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6e6f INTEGER1 is no\n+0003bce0: 7420 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 t equal to INTEG\n+0003bcf0: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2050 5245 4649 5849 ER2. PREFIXI\n+0003bd00: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 7067 74e2 NTEGER1 ...-pgt.\n+0003bd10: 8099 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 .. PREFIXINTEGER\n+0003bd20: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 2. INTE\n+0003bd30: 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 GER1 is greater \n+0003bd40: 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3220 6166 than INTEGER2 af\n+0003bd50: 7465 7220 7374 7269 7070 696e 6720 6f66 ter stripping of\n+0003bd60: 6620 636f 6d6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 f common. \n+0003bd70: 2020 206e 6f6e 2d6e 756d 6572 6963 2050 non-numeric P\n+0003bd80: 5245 4649 582e 0a20 2020 2020 5052 4546 REFIX.. 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Opti\n+0003be70: 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 onally. \n+0003be80: 206e 756d 6572 6963 2042 4941 5320 6d61 numeric BIAS ma\n+0003be90: 7920 6265 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6170 y be directly ap\n+0003bea0: 7065 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 e280 982d 6e74 pended to ...-nt\n+0003beb0: e280 9920 696e 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 ... in which cas\n+0003bec0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 2069 e. it i\n+0003bed0: 7320 6164 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 2066 s added to the f\n+0003bee0: 6972 7374 2066 696c 6520 6d6f 6469 6669 irst file modifi\n+0003bef0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 652e 0a20 2020 cation time.. \n+0003bf00: 2020 4649 4c45 3120 e280 982d 6f74 e280 FILE1 ...-ot..\n+0003bf10: 9920 4649 4c45 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 . FILE2. \n+0003bf20: 2020 4649 4c45 3120 6973 206f 6c64 6572 FILE1 is older\n+0003bf30: 2074 6861 6e20 4649 4c45 3220 286d 6f64 than FILE2 (mod\n+0003bf40: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 292e ification time).\n+0003bf50: 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 Optionally. \n+0003bf60: 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d 6572 6963 2042 numeric B\n+0003bf70: 4941 5320 6d61 7920 6265 2064 6972 6563 IAS may be direc\n+0003bf80: 746c 7920 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 tly appended to \n+0003bf90: e280 982d 6f74 e280 9920 696e 2077 6869 ...-ot... in whi\n+0003bfa0: 6368 2063 6173 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ch case. \n+0003bfb0: 2020 6974 2069 7320 6164 6465 6420 746f it is added to\n+0003bfc0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2066 696c 6520 the first file \n+0003bfd0: 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 696d modification tim\n+0003bfe0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 64e2 8099 e.. ...-d...\n+0003bff0: 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 FILE. \n+0003c000: 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 FILE exists and \n+0003c010: 6973 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 is a directory. \n+0003c020: 2020 2020 e280 982d 65e2 8099 2046 494c ...-e... FIL\n+0003c030: 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 E. FILE\n+0003c040: 2065 7869 7374 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 exists. ...\n+0003c050: 2d66 e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 -f... FILE. \n+0003c060: 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 FILE exists\n+0003c070: 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6120 6469 and is not a di\n+0003c080: 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 rectory. ...\n+0003c090: 2d73 e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 -s... FILE. \n+0003c0a0: 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 FILE exists\n+0003c0b0: 2061 6e64 2068 6173 2061 2073 697a 6520 and has a size \n+0003c0c0: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 207a 6572 greater than zer\n+0003c0d0: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 9920 o. ...-n... \n+0003c0e0: 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 STRING. \n+0003c0f0: 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2053 the length of S\n+0003c100: 5452 494e 4720 6973 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f TRING is nonzero\n+0003c110: 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 . STRING. \n+0003c120: 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 STRING is\n+0003c130: 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f 20e2 equivalent to .\n+0003c140: 8098 2d6e 2053 5452 494e 47e2 8099 0a20 ..-n STRING.... \n+0003c150: 2020 2020 e280 982d 7ae2 8099 2053 5452 ...-z... STR\n+0003c160: 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 ING. th\n+0003c170: 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 5354 5249 e length of STRI\n+0003c180: 4e47 2069 7320 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 2020 NG is zero. \n+0003c190: e280 9828 e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 5349 ...(... EXPRESSI\n+0003c1a0: 4f4e 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ON ...).... \n+0003c1b0: 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 EXPRESSION \n+0003c1c0: 6973 2074 7275 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 is true. ...\n+0003c1d0: 21e2 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e0a !... EXPRESSION.\n+0003c1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 EXPRES\n+0003c1f0: 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 6661 6c73 650a 2020 SION is false. \n+0003c200: 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 20e2 EXPRESSION1 .\n+0003c210: 8098 2d61 e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 5349 ..-a... EXPRESSI\n+0003c220: 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f ON2. bo\n+0003c230: 7468 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2061 th EXPRESSION1 a\n+0003c240: 6e64 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2061 nd EXPRESSION2 a\n+0003c250: 7265 2074 7275 650a 2020 2020 2045 5850 re true. EXP\n+0003c260: 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2045 5850 5245 5353 RESSION1 EXPRESS\n+0003c270: 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 ION2. b\n+0003c280: 6f74 6820 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 oth EXPRESSION1 \n+0003c290: 616e 6420 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 and EXPRESSION2 \n+0003c2a0: 6172 6520 7472 7565 2e20 2054 6869 7320 are true. This \n+0003c2b0: 7379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 syntax is not. \n+0003c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 504f 5349 582d 636f POSIX-co\n+0003c2d0: 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 616e 6420 6973 206e mpliant and is n\n+0003c2e0: 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2e0a ot recommended..\n+0003c2f0: 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 EXPRESSION1\n+0003c300: 20e2 8098 2d6f e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 ...-o... EXPRES\n+0003c310: 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SION2. \n+0003c320: 6569 7468 6572 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f either EXPRESSIO\n+0003c330: 4e31 206f 7220 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e N1 or EXPRESSION\n+0003c340: 3220 6973 2074 7275 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 2 is true....Fil\n+0003c350: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003c360: 6f64 653a 2074 7275 652c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: true, Next\n+0003c370: 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : trust, Prev: \n+0003c380: 7465 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 test, Up: Comma\n+0003c390: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0003c3a0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3520 7472 7565 0a2d ..17.4.75 true.-\n+0003c3b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003c3c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7472 7565 0a20 Command: true. \n+0003c3d0: 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 Do nothing, \n+0003c3e0: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 2054 successfully. T\n+0003c3f0: 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 his is mainly us\n+0003c400: 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a eful in control.\n+0003c410: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 7320 constructs \n+0003c420: 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9869 66e2 8099 such as ...if...\n+0003c430: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 and ...while...\n+0003c440: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 (*note Shell-li\n+0003c450: 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e ke scripting::).\n+0003c460: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003c470: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7573 nfo, Node: trus\n+0003c480: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 756e 7365 742c t, Next: unset,\n+0003c490: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2055 Prev: true, U\n+0003c4a0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0003c4b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n+0003c4c0: 3620 7472 7573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6 trust.--------\n+0003c4d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003c4e0: 6e64 3a20 7472 7573 7420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 nd: trust [--ski\n+0003c4f0: 702d 7369 675d 2070 7562 6b65 795f 6669 p-sig] pubkey_fi\n+0003c500: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2070 7562 le. Read pub\n+0003c510: 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6672 6f6d 2050 5542 lic key from PUB\n+0003c520: 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2061 6e64 2061 6464 KEY_FILE and add\n+0003c530: 2069 7420 746f 2047 5255 4227 7320 696e it to GRUB's in\n+0003c540: 7465 726e 616c 206c 6973 740a 2020 2020 ternal list. \n+0003c550: 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 7075 626c of trusted publ\n+0003c560: 6963 206b 6579 732e 2020 5468 6573 6520 ic keys. These \n+0003c570: 6b65 7973 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f keys are used to\n+0003c580: 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 6469 6769 7461 validate digita\n+0003c590: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 l. signature\n+0003c5a0: 7320 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 s when environme\n+0003c5b0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 nt variable ...c\n+0003c5c0: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 heck_signatures.\n+0003c5d0: 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 .. is set to. \n+0003c5e0: 2020 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992e ...enforce....\n+0003c5f0: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6966 20e2 Note that if .\n+0003c600: 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 ..check_signatur\n+0003c610: 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 es... is set to \n+0003c620: e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 990a 2020 ...enforce.... \n+0003c630: 2020 2077 6865 6e20 e280 9874 7275 7374 when ...trust\n+0003c640: e280 9920 6578 6563 7574 6573 2c20 7468 ... executes, th\n+0003c650: 656e 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d en PUBKEY_FILE m\n+0003c660: 7573 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 ust itself be pr\n+0003c670: 6f70 6572 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e operly. sign\n+0003c680: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b ed. The ...--sk\n+0003c690: 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ip-sig... option\n+0003c6a0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n+0003c6b0: 6469 7361 626c 650a 2020 2020 2073 6967 disable. sig\n+0003c6c0: 6e61 7475 7265 2d63 6865 636b 696e 6720 nature-checking \n+0003c6d0: 7768 656e 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2050 5542 when reading PUB\n+0003c6e0: 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2069 7473 656c 662e KEY_FILE itself.\n+0003c6f0: 2020 4974 2069 7320 6578 7065 6374 6564 It is expected\n+0003c700: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 20e2 8098 2d2d . that ...--\n+0003c710: 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6973 2075 skip-sig... is u\n+0003c720: 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 7465 7374 696e seful for testin\n+0003c730: 6720 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 2062 6f6f g and manual boo\n+0003c740: 7469 6e67 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 ting. *Note. \n+0003c750: 2020 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 Using digital \n+0003c760: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f signatures::, fo\n+0003c770: 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 r more informati\n+0003c780: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+0003c790: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2075 b.info, Node: u\n+0003c7a0: 6e73 6574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2076 6572 nset, Next: ver\n+0003c7b0: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 2050 ify_detached, P\n+0003c7c0: 7265 763a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2055 703a rev: trust, Up:\n+0003c7d0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0003c7e0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3720 mmands..17.4.77 \n+0003c7f0: 756e 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d unset.----------\n+0003c800: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003c810: 3a20 756e 7365 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 : unset envvar. \n+0003c820: 2020 2020 556e 7365 7420 7468 6520 656e Unset the en\n+0003c830: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+0003c840: 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 522e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 le ENVVAR.....Fi\n+0003c850: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003c860: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 Node: verify_det\n+0003c870: 6163 6865 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7669 ached, Next: vi\n+0003c880: 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 deoinfo, Prev: \n+0003c890: 756e 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d unset, Up: Comm\n+0003c8a0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0003c8b0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3738 2076 6572 6966 s..17.4.78 verif\n+0003c8c0: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d y_detached.-----\n+0003c8d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003c8e0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003c8f0: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n+0003c900: 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 6669 [--skip-sig] fi\n+0003c910: 6c65 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 5f66 696c le signature_fil\n+0003c920: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b70 7562 e. [pub\n+0003c930: 6b65 795f 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 2056 key_file]. V\n+0003c940: 6572 6966 6965 7320 6120 4750 472d 7374 erifies a GPG-st\n+0003c950: 796c 6520 6465 7461 6368 6564 2073 6967 yle detached sig\n+0003c960: 6e61 7475 7265 2c20 7768 6572 6520 7468 nature, where th\n+0003c970: 6520 7369 676e 6564 2066 696c 6520 6973 e signed file is\n+0003c980: 0a20 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2c20 616e 6420 . FILE, and \n+0003c990: 7468 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6974 the signature it\n+0003c9a0: 7365 6c66 2069 7320 696e 2066 696c 6520 self is in file \n+0003c9b0: 5349 474e 4154 5552 455f 4649 4c45 2e0a SIGNATURE_FILE..\n+0003c9c0: 2020 2020 204f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c Optionally,\n+0003c9d0: 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7075 626c a specific publ\n+0003c9e0: 6963 206b 6579 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6361 ic key to use ca\n+0003c9f0: 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2075 n be specified u\n+0003ca00: 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5055 424b 4559 sing. PUBKEY\n+0003ca10: 5f46 494c 452e 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e76 _FILE. When env\n+0003ca20: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+0003ca30: 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 e ...check_signa\n+0003ca40: 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 740a tures... is set.\n+0003ca50: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 to ...enfor\n+0003ca60: 6365 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b ce..., then PUBK\n+0003ca70: 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 EY_FILE must its\n+0003ca80: 656c 6620 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c 7920 elf be properly \n+0003ca90: 7369 676e 6564 2062 7920 616e 0a20 2020 signed by an. \n+0003caa0: 2020 616c 7265 6164 792d 7472 7573 7465 already-truste\n+0003cab0: 6420 6b65 792e 2020 416e 2075 6e73 6967 d key. An unsig\n+0003cac0: 6e65 6420 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 ned PUBKEY_FILE \n+0003cad0: 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 can be loaded by\n+0003cae0: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 . specifying\n+0003caf0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 ...--skip-sig..\n+0003cb00: 992e 2020 4966 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 .. If PUBKEY_FI\n+0003cb10: 4c45 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2074 LE is omitted, t\n+0003cb20: 6865 6e20 7075 626c 6963 0a20 2020 2020 hen public. \n+0003cb30: 6b65 7973 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2773 keys from GRUB's\n+0003cb40: 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 7320 282a trusted keys (*\n+0003cb50: 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 note list_truste\n+0003cb60: 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 7275 7374 d::, *note trust\n+0003cb70: 3a3a 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f ::,. and *no\n+0003cb80: 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2061 te distrust::) a\n+0003cb90: 7265 2074 7269 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 re tried... \n+0003cba0: 4578 6974 2063 6f64 6520 e280 9824 3fe2 Exit code ...$?.\n+0003cbb0: 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 .. is set to 0 i\n+0003cbc0: 6620 7468 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 f the signature \n+0003cbd0: 7661 6c69 6461 7465 7320 7375 6363 6573 validates succes\n+0003cbe0: 7366 756c 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 sfully.. If \n+0003cbf0: 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 2066 6169 6c73 validation fails\n+0003cc00: 2c20 6974 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2061 , it is set to a\n+0003cc10: 206e 6f6e 2d7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e non-zero value.\n+0003cc20: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 670a 2020 *Note Using. \n+0003cc30: 2020 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 digital signa\n+0003cc40: 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 tures::, for mor\n+0003cc50: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e information...\n+0003cc60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003cc70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 o, Node: videoi\n+0003cc80: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7772 6d73 nfo, Next: wrms\n+0003cc90: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7665 7269 6679 r, Prev: verify\n+0003cca0: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 5570 3a20 _detached, Up: \n+0003ccb0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0003ccc0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3739 2076 mands..17.4.79 v\n+0003ccd0: 6964 656f 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ideoinfo.-------\n+0003cce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003ccf0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2076 6964 656f 696e Command: videoin\n+0003cd00: 666f 205b 5b57 7848 5d78 445d 0a20 2020 fo [[WxH]xD]. \n+0003cd10: 2020 4c69 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 List available\n+0003cd20: 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2049 video modes. I\n+0003cd30: 6620 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 f resolution is \n+0003cd40: 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 686f 7720 6f6e 6c79 given, show only\n+0003cd50: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 206d . matching m\n+0003cd60: 6f64 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 odes.....File: g\n+0003cd70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003cd80: 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2076 wrmsr, Prev: v\n+0003cd90: 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ideoinfo, Up: C\n+0003cda0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0003cdb0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 3020 7772 ands..17.4.80 wr\n+0003cdc0: 6d73 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d msr.------------\n+0003cdd0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a3a -.. -- Command::\n+0003cde0: 2077 726d 7372 2030 7841 4444 5220 3078 wrmsr 0xADDR 0x\n+0003cdf0: 5641 4c55 450a 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 VALUE. Write\n+0003ce00: 2061 2030 7856 414c 5545 2074 6f20 6120 a 0xVALUE to a \n+0003ce10: 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 model-specific r\n+0003ce20: 6567 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 egister at addre\n+0003ce30: 7373 2030 7841 4444 522e 0a0a 2020 2020 ss 0xADDR... \n+0003ce40: 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 Please note tha\n+0003ce50: 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 t on SMP systems\n+0003ce60: 2c20 7772 6974 696e 6720 746f 2061 204d , writing to a M\n+0003ce70: 5352 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 6120 7363 SR that has a sc\n+0003ce80: 6f70 650a 2020 2020 2070 6572 2068 6172 ope. per har\n+0003ce90: 6477 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d dware thread, im\n+0003cea0: 706c 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 plies that the v\n+0003ceb0: 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2077 7269 alue that is wri\n+0003cec0: 7474 656e 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 tten only. a\n+0003ced0: 7070 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 pplies to the pa\n+0003cee0: 7274 6963 756c 6172 2063 7075 2f63 6f72 rticular cpu/cor\n+0003cef0: 652f 7468 7265 6164 2074 6861 7420 7275 e/thread that ru\n+0003cf00: 6e73 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a ns the command..\n+0003cf10: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 2079 . Also, if y\n+0003cf20: 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 6573 ou specify a res\n+0003cf30: 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 6c65 erved or unimple\n+0003cf40: 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 7265 mented MSR addre\n+0003cf50: 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c ss, it. will\n+0003cf60: 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 616c cause a general\n+0003cf70: 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 6365 protection exce\n+0003cf80: 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 7320 ption (which is \n+0003cf90: 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 2020 not currently. \n+0003cfa0: 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c 6564 being handled\n+0003cfb0: 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d ) and the system\n+0003cfc0: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a20 will reboot... \n+0003cfd0: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f Note: The co\n+0003cfe0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c mmand is not all\n+0003cff0: 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f owed when lockdo\n+0003d000: 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 wn is enforced (\n+0003d010: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 *note. Lockd\n+0003d020: 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 own::). This is\n+0003d030: 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 done to prevent\n+0003d040: 2073 7562 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 subverting vari\n+0003d050: 6f75 7320 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 ous security. \n+0003d060: 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f mechanisms....\n+0003d070: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003d080: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b , Node: Network\n+0003d090: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e ing commands, N\n+0003d0a0: 6578 743a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 ext: Undocumente\n+0003d0b0: 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 d commands, Pre\n+0003d0c0: 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 v: Command-line \n+0003d0d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 commands, Up: C\n+0003d0e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3520 4e65 ommands..17.5 Ne\n+0003d0f0: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+0003d100: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+0003d110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 2a20 4d65 ==========..* Me\n+0003d120: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 nu:..* net_add_a\n+0003d130: 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ddr:: \n+0003d140: 2020 2020 2041 6464 2061 206e 6574 776f Add a netwo\n+0003d150: 726b 2061 6464 7265 7373 0a2a 206e 6574 rk address.* net\n+0003d160: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 _add_dns:: \n+0003d170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2061 Add a\n+0003d180: 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 720a 2a20 6e65 DNS server.* ne\n+0003d190: 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 653a 3a20 2020 t_add_route:: \n+0003d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 Add \n+0003d1b0: 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 790a 2a20 routing entry.* \n+0003d1c0: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 703a 3a20 2020 2020 net_bootp:: \n+0003d1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 Pe\n+0003d1e0: 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 626f 6f74 702f 4448 rform a bootp/DH\n+0003d1f0: 4350 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 CP autoconfigura\n+0003d200: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 tion.* net_del_a\n+0003d210: 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ddr:: \n+0003d220: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 4950 2061 Remove IP a\n+0003d230: 6464 7265 7373 2066 726f 6d20 696e 7465 ddress from inte\n+0003d240: 7266 6163 650a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f rface.* net_del_\n+0003d250: 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dns:: \n+0003d260: 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 2044 Remove a D\n+0003d270: 4e53 2073 6572 7665 720a 2a20 6e65 745f NS server.* net_\n+0003d280: 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 3a20 2020 2020 del_route:: \n+0003d290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 Remove\n+0003d2a0: 2061 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a a route entry.*\n+0003d2b0: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 3a20 2020 2020 net_dhcp:: \n+0003d2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 P\n+0003d2d0: 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 4843 5020 6175 erform a DHCP au\n+0003d2e0: 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a toconfiguration.\n+0003d2f0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f * net_get_dhcp_o\n+0003d300: 7074 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ption:: \n+0003d310: 5265 7472 6965 7665 2044 4843 5020 6f70 Retrieve DHCP op\n+0003d320: 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 tions.* net_ipv6\n+0003d330: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 663a 3a20 2020 2020 _autoconf:: \n+0003d340: 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 4950 Perform IP\n+0003d350: 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 v6 autoconfigura\n+0003d360: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 tion.* net_ls_ad\n+0003d370: 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dr:: \n+0003d380: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 696e 7465 7266 List interf\n+0003d390: 6163 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 aces.* net_ls_ca\n+0003d3a0: 7264 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rds:: \n+0003d3b0: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 List networ\n+0003d3c0: 6b20 6361 7264 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 k cards.* net_ls\n+0003d3d0: 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _dns:: \n+0003d3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2044 4e53 List DNS\n+0003d3f0: 2073 6572 7665 7273 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c servers.* net_l\n+0003d400: 735f 726f 7574 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 s_routes:: \n+0003d410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 726f List ro\n+0003d420: 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 6965 730a 2a20 uting entries.* \n+0003d430: 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 3a3a 2020 net_nslookup:: \n+0003d440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 Pe\n+0003d450: 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 444e 5320 6c6f 6f6b rform a DNS look\n+0003d460: 7570 0a2a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 up.* net_set_vla\n+0003d470: 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n:: \n+0003d480: 2020 2053 6574 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 206f Set vlan id o\n+0003d490: 6e20 616e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a n an interface..\n+0003d4a0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003d4b0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 o, Node: net_ad\n+0003d4c0: 645f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e d_addr, Next: n\n+0003d4d0: 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a et_add_dns, Up:\n+0003d4e0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+0003d4f0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 206e 6574 ands..17.5.1 net\n+0003d500: 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _add_addr.------\n+0003d510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003d520: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n+0003d530: 6164 645f 6164 6472 2049 4e54 4552 4641 add_addr INTERFA\n+0003d540: 4345 2043 4152 4420 4144 4452 4553 530a CE CARD ADDRESS.\n+0003d550: 2020 2020 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 Configure a\n+0003d560: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6e65 7477 6f72 dditional networ\n+0003d570: 6b20 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 7769 7468 k INTERFACE with\n+0003d580: 2041 4444 5245 5353 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 ADDRESS on a ne\n+0003d590: 7477 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2043 4152 442e twork. CARD.\n+0003d5a0: 2020 4144 4452 4553 5320 6361 6e20 6265 ADDRESS can be\n+0003d5b0: 2065 6974 6865 7220 4950 2069 6e20 646f either IP in do\n+0003d5c0: 7474 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 206e 6f74 tted decimal not\n+0003d5d0: 6174 696f 6e2c 206f 720a 2020 2020 2073 ation, or. s\n+0003d5e0: 796d 626f 6c69 6320 6e61 6d65 2077 6869 ymbolic name whi\n+0003d5f0: 6368 2069 7320 7265 736f 6c76 6564 2075 ch is resolved u\n+0003d600: 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e sing DNS lookup.\n+0003d610: 2020 4966 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2c If successful,\n+0003d620: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . this comma\n+0003d630: 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6164 6473 206c 6f63 nd also adds loc\n+0003d640: 616c 206c 696e 6b20 726f 7574 696e 6720 al link routing \n+0003d650: 656e 7472 7920 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 entry to the def\n+0003d660: 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 7375 626e 6574 ault. subnet\n+0003d670: 206f 6620 4144 4452 4553 5320 7769 7468 of ADDRESS with\n+0003d680: 206e 616d 6520 494e 5445 5246 4143 45e2 name INTERFACE.\n+0003d690: 8098 3a6c 6f63 616c e280 9920 7669 6120 ..:local... via \n+0003d6a0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 INTERFACE.....Fi\n+0003d6b0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003d6c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e Node: net_add_dn\n+0003d6d0: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 s, Next: net_ad\n+0003d6e0: 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 d_route, Prev: \n+0003d6f0: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 net_add_addr, U\n+0003d700: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n+0003d710: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e32 206e mmands..17.5.2 n\n+0003d720: 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d et_add_dns.-----\n+0003d730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003d740: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n+0003d750: 6164 645f 646e 7320 5345 5256 4552 0a20 add_dns SERVER. \n+0003d760: 2020 2020 5265 736f 6c76 6520 5345 5256 Resolve SERV\n+0003d770: 4552 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e ER IP address an\n+0003d780: 6420 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 d add to the lis\n+0003d790: 7420 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 t of DNS servers\n+0003d7a0: 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e used. durin\n+0003d7b0: 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a g name lookup...\n+0003d7c0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003d7d0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 o, Node: net_ad\n+0003d7e0: 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 d_route, Next: \n+0003d7f0: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 5072 6576 net_bootp, Prev\n+0003d800: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 : net_add_dns, \n+0003d810: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n+0003d820: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3320 ommands..17.5.3 \n+0003d830: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 650a 2d2d net_add_route.--\n+0003d840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003d850: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003d860: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 net_add_route S\n+0003d870: 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2049 505b 2f50 5245 HORTNAME IP[/PRE\n+0003d880: 4649 585d 205b 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 FIX] [INTERFACE \n+0003d890: 7c20 6777 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 | gw. G\n+0003d8a0: 4154 4557 4159 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 ATEWAY]. Add\n+0003d8b0: 2072 6f75 7465 2074 6f20 6e65 7477 6f72 route to networ\n+0003d8c0: 6b20 7769 7468 2061 6464 7265 7373 2049 k with address I\n+0003d8d0: 5020 6173 206d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 6279 P as modified by\n+0003d8e0: 2050 5245 4649 5820 7669 610a 2020 2020 PREFIX via. \n+0003d8f0: 2065 6974 6865 7220 6c6f 6361 6c20 494e either local IN\n+0003d900: 5445 5246 4143 4520 6f72 2047 4154 4557 TERFACE or GATEW\n+0003d910: 4159 2e20 2050 5245 4649 5820 6973 206f AY. PREFIX is o\n+0003d920: 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 6465 6661 ptional and defa\n+0003d930: 756c 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2033 3220 ults. to 32 \n+0003d940: 666f 7220 4950 7634 2061 6464 7265 7373 for IPv4 address\n+0003d950: 2061 6e64 2031 3238 2066 6f72 2049 5076 and 128 for IPv\n+0003d960: 3620 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 526f 7574 6 address. Rout\n+0003d970: 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 e is. identi\n+0003d980: 6669 6564 2062 7920 5348 4f52 544e 414d fied by SHORTNAM\n+0003d990: 4520 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 E which can be u\n+0003d9a0: 7365 6420 746f 2072 656d 6f76 6520 6974 sed to remove it\n+0003d9b0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206e 6574 (*note. net\n+0003d9c0: 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 292e 0a0a _del_route::)...\n+0003d9d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003d9e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 626f o, Node: net_bo\n+0003d9f0: 6f74 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f otp, Next: net_\n+0003da00: 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 2050 7265 763a del_addr, Prev:\n+0003da10: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 net_add_route, \n+0003da20: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n+0003da30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e34 commands..17.5.4\n+0003da40: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d net_bootp.-----\n+0003da50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003da60: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 626f Command: net_bo\n+0003da70: 6f74 7020 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 otp [CARD]. \n+0003da80: 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 6e65 745f 6468 Alias for net_dh\n+0003da90: 6370 2c20 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 cp, for compatib\n+0003daa0: 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 206f 6c64 6572 ility with older\n+0003dab0: 2047 7275 6220 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2e0a Grub versions..\n+0003dac0: 2020 2020 2057 696c 6c20 7065 7266 6f72 Will perfor\n+0003dad0: 6d20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2044 4843 5020 m the same DHCP \n+0003dae0: 6861 6e64 7368 616b 6520 7769 7468 2070 handshake with p\n+0003daf0: 6f74 656e 7469 616c 2066 616c 6c62 6163 otential fallbac\n+0003db00: 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 424f 4f54 5020 k to. BOOTP \n+0003db10: 6173 2074 6865 206e 6574 5f64 6863 7020 as the net_dhcp \n+0003db20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206e command (*note n\n+0003db30: 6574 5f64 6863 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 et_dhcp::).....F\n+0003db40: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003db50: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 Node: net_del_a\n+0003db60: 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ddr, Next: net_\n+0003db70: 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 del_dns, Prev: \n+0003db80: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 5570 3a20 net_bootp, Up: \n+0003db90: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003dba0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3520 6e65 745f nds..17.5.5 net_\n+0003dbb0: 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d del_addr.-------\n+0003dbc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003dbd0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 - Command: net_d\n+0003dbe0: 656c 5f61 6464 7220 494e 5445 5246 4143 el_addr INTERFAC\n+0003dbf0: 450a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 636f E. Remove co\n+0003dc00: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2049 4e54 4552 4641 nfigured INTERFA\n+0003dc10: 4345 2077 6974 6820 6173 736f 6369 6174 CE with associat\n+0003dc20: 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ed address.....F\n+0003dc30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003dc40: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 Node: net_del_d\n+0003dc50: 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 ns, Next: net_d\n+0003dc60: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a el_route, Prev:\n+0003dc70: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 net_del_addr, \n+0003dc80: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n+0003dc90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3620 ommands..17.5.6 \n+0003dca0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d net_del_dns.----\n+0003dcb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0003dcc0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n+0003dcd0: 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2041 4444 5245 5353 _del_dns ADDRESS\n+0003dce0: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2041 4444 . Remove ADD\n+0003dcf0: 5245 5353 2066 726f 6d20 6c69 7374 206f RESS from list o\n+0003dd00: 6620 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 2064 f servers used d\n+0003dd10: 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 uring name looku\n+0003dd20: 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 p.....File: grub\n+0003dd30: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+0003dd40: 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 4e65 t_del_route, Ne\n+0003dd50: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 2050 xt: net_dhcp, P\n+0003dd60: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 rev: net_del_dns\n+0003dd70: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n+0003dd80: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n+0003dd90: 2e37 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 .7 net_del_route\n+0003dda0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0003ddb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003ddc0: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 nd: net_del_rout\n+0003ddd0: 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d 450a 2020 2020 e SHORTNAME. \n+0003dde0: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 726f 7574 6520 656e Remove route en\n+0003ddf0: 7472 7920 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 try identified b\n+0003de00: 7920 5348 4f52 544e 414d 452e 0a0a 1f0a y SHORTNAME.....\n+0003de10: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003de20: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 Node: net_dhcp\n+0003de30: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 , Next: net_get\n+0003de40: 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 _dhcp_option, P\n+0003de50: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 rev: net_del_rou\n+0003de60: 7465 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b te, Up: Network\n+0003de70: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n+0003de80: 2e35 2e38 206e 6574 5f64 6863 700a 2d2d .5.8 net_dhcp.--\n+0003de90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003dea0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n+0003deb0: 6468 6370 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 dhcp [CARD]. \n+0003dec0: 2050 6572 666f 726d 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 Perform configu\n+0003ded0: 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 4341 5244 2075 ration of CARD u\n+0003dee0: 7369 6e67 2044 4843 5020 7072 6f74 6f63 sing DHCP protoc\n+0003def0: 6f6c 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6172 6420 ol. If no card \n+0003df00: 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2073 7065 name. is spe\n+0003df10: 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7472 7920 746f 2063 cified, try to c\n+0003df20: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 onfigure all exi\n+0003df30: 7374 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e 2020 4661 sting cards. Fa\n+0003df40: 6c6c 7320 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 lls back to. \n+0003df50: 2074 6865 2042 4f4f 5450 2070 726f 746f the BOOTP proto\n+0003df60: 636f 6c2c 2069 6620 6e65 6564 6564 2e20 col, if needed. \n+0003df70: 2049 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f If configuratio\n+0003df80: 6e20 7761 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c n was successful\n+0003df90: 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 ,. interface\n+0003dfa0: 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 with name CARD.\n+0003dfb0: 8098 3a64 6863 70e2 8099 2061 6e64 2063 ..:dhcp... and c\n+0003dfc0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 6164 6472 6573 onfigured addres\n+0003dfd0: 7320 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 s is added to. \n+0003dfe0: 2020 2043 4152 442e 2020 4164 6469 7469 CARD. Additi\n+0003dff0: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f onally the follo\n+0003e000: 7769 6e67 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e wing DHCP option\n+0003e010: 7320 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 697a 6564 s are recognized\n+0003e020: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f63 6573 and. proces\n+0003e030: 7365 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3120 sed:.. ...1 \n+0003e040: 2853 7562 6e65 7420 4d61 736b 29e2 8099 (Subnet Mask)...\n+0003e050: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 7365 6420 . Used \n+0003e060: 746f 2063 616c 6375 6c61 7465 206e 6574 to calculate net\n+0003e070: 776f 726b 206c 6f63 616c 2072 6f75 7469 work local routi\n+0003e080: 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2069 6e74 ng entry for int\n+0003e090: 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 erface. \n+0003e0a0: 2043 4152 44e2 8098 3a64 6863 70e2 8099 CARD...:dhcp...\n+0003e0b0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3320 2852 6f75 .. ...3 (Rou\n+0003e0c0: 7465 7229 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ter).... \n+0003e0d0: 2020 4164 6473 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2072 Adds default r\n+0003e0e0: 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2077 6974 6820 oute entry with \n+0003e0f0: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 8098 the name CARD...\n+0003e100: 3a64 6863 703a 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 :dhcp:default...\n+0003e110: 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 via. g\n+0003e120: 6174 6577 6179 2066 726f 6d20 4448 4350 ateway from DHCP\n+0003e130: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 option. Note t\n+0003e140: 6861 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 7074 696f 6e20 hat only option \n+0003e150: 7769 7468 2073 696e 676c 650a 2020 2020 with single. \n+0003e160: 2020 2020 2020 726f 7574 6520 6973 2061 route is a\n+0003e170: 6363 6570 7465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ccepted.. ..\n+0003e180: 9836 2028 446f 6d61 696e 204e 616d 6520 .6 (Domain Name \n+0003e190: 5365 7276 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 Server).... \n+0003e1a0: 2020 2020 2041 6464 7320 616c 6c20 7365 Adds all se\n+0003e1b0: 7276 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 206f 7074 696f rvers from optio\n+0003e1c0: 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c n value to the l\n+0003e1d0: 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 ist of servers u\n+0003e1e0: 7365 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6475 sed. du\n+0003e1f0: 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 7265 736f 6c75 ring name resolu\n+0003e200: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3132 tion.. ...12\n+0003e210: 2028 486f 7374 204e 616d 6529 e280 990a (Host Name)....\n+0003e220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 Sets e\n+0003e230: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0003e240: 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 ble ...net_......_dhcp_hos\n+0003e260: 746e 616d 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a tname... (*note.\n+0003e270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 net__hostna\n+0003e290: 6d65 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c me::) to the val\n+0003e2a0: 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 ue of option.. \n+0003e2b0: 2020 20e2 8098 3135 2028 446f 6d61 696e ...15 (Domain\n+0003e2c0: 204e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 Name).... \n+0003e2d0: 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Sets environ\n+0003e2e0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 ment variable ..\n+0003e2f0: 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 .net_.....\n+0003e300: 985f 6468 6370 5f64 6f6d 6169 6ee2 8099 ._dhcp_domain...\n+0003e310: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 (*note. \n+0003e320: 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 net__domain::) to t\n+0003e340: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 he value of opti\n+0003e350: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3137 2028 on.. ...17 (\n+0003e360: 526f 6f74 2050 6174 6829 e280 990a 2020 Root Path).... \n+0003e370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 Sets env\n+0003e380: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+0003e390: 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 e ...net_......_dhcp_rootp\n+0003e3b0: 6174 68e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ath... (*note. \n+0003e3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 net__rootpath\n+0003e3e0: 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ::) to the value\n+0003e3f0: 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 of option.. \n+0003e400: 20e2 8098 3138 2028 4578 7465 6e73 696f ...18 (Extensio\n+0003e410: 6e73 2050 6174 6829 e280 990a 2020 2020 ns Path).... \n+0003e420: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 Sets envir\n+0003e430: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+0003e440: e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e ...net_...\n+0003e450: e280 985f 6468 6370 5f65 7874 656e 7369 ..._dhcp_extensi\n+0003e460: 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 onspath.... \n+0003e470: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f (*note net_\n+0003e480: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 7465 _exte\n+0003e490: 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 3a3a 2920 746f nsionspath::) to\n+0003e4a0: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 the value of. \n+0003e4b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a option..\n+0003e4c0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3636 2028 5446 5450 ...66 (TFTP\n+0003e4d0: 2053 6572 7665 7220 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 Server Name)...\n+0003e4e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 . Sets \n+0003e4f0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0003e500: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c able ...net_...<\n+0003e510: 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f 7365 CARD>..._dhcp_se\n+0003e520: 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 rver_name.... \n+0003e530: 2020 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 (*note ne\n+0003e540: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 t__dh\n+0003e550: 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 3a3a cp_server_name::\n+0003e560: 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f ) to the value o\n+0003e570: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6f70 7469 f. opti\n+0003e580: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3637 2028 on.. ...67 (\n+0003e590: 4669 6c65 6e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 Filename).... \n+0003e5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 Sets envi\n+0003e5b0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0003e5c0: 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 ...net_......_boot_file..\n+0003e5e0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 . (*note. \n+0003e5f0: 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 net__boot_file::) \n+0003e610: 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 to the value of \n+0003e620: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a option.....File:\n+0003e630: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003e640: 653a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f e: net_get_dhcp_\n+0003e650: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e option, Next: n\n+0003e660: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n+0003e670: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 , Prev: net_dhc\n+0003e680: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 p, Up: Networki\n+0003e690: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n+0003e6a0: 352e 3920 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5.9 net_get_dhcp\n+0003e6b0: 5f6f 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _option.--------\n+0003e6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003e6d0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003e6e0: 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 net_get_dhcp_op\n+0003e6f0: 7469 6f6e 2056 4152 2049 4e54 4552 4641 tion VAR INTERFA\n+0003e700: 4345 204e 554d 4245 5220 5459 5045 0a20 CE NUMBER TYPE. \n+0003e710: 2020 2020 5265 7175 6573 7420 4448 4350 Request DHCP\n+0003e720: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 4e55 4d42 4552 206f option NUMBER o\n+0003e730: 6620 5459 5045 2076 6961 2049 4e54 4552 f TYPE via INTER\n+0003e740: 4641 4345 2e20 2054 5950 4520 6361 6e20 FACE. TYPE can \n+0003e750: 6265 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 be one. of .\n+0003e760: 8098 7374 7269 6e67 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ..string..., ...\n+0003e770: 6e75 6d62 6572 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 number... or ...\n+0003e780: 6865 78e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 hex.... If opti\n+0003e790: 6f6e 2069 7320 666f 756e 642c 2061 7373 on is found, ass\n+0003e7a0: 6967 6e20 6974 730a 2020 2020 2076 616c ign its. val\n+0003e7b0: 7565 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 ue to variable V\n+0003e7c0: 4152 2e20 2056 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 AR. Values of t\n+0003e7d0: 7970 6573 20e2 8098 6e75 6d62 6572 e280 ypes ...number..\n+0003e7e0: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9868 6578 e280 9920 . and ...hex... \n+0003e7f0: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 are. convert\n+0003e800: 6564 2074 6f20 7374 7269 6e67 2072 6570 ed to string rep\n+0003e810: 7265 7365 6e74 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a resentation.....\n+0003e820: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003e830: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 Node: net_ipv6\n+0003e840: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 4e65 7874 _autoconf, Next\n+0003e850: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 : net_ls_addr, \n+0003e860: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 Prev: net_get_dh\n+0003e870: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 cp_option, Up: \n+0003e880: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003e890: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3130 206e 6574 nds..17.5.10 net\n+0003e8a0: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 0a2d _ipv6_autoconf.-\n 0003e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003e8d0: 643a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f d: net_ipv6_auto\n-0003e8e0: 636f 6e66 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 conf [CARD]. \n-0003e8f0: 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 5076 3620 6175 Perform IPv6 au\n-0003e900: 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 toconfiguration \n-0003e910: 6279 2061 6464 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 by adding to the\n-0003e920: 2043 4152 4420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 CARD interface \n-0003e930: 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 2043 with. name C\n-0003e940: 4152 44e2 8098 3a6c 696e 6be2 8099 2061 ARD...:link... a\n-0003e950: 6e64 206c 696e 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 4d41 nd link local MA\n-0003e960: 432d 6261 7365 6420 6164 6472 6573 732e C-based address.\n-0003e970: 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 2069 730a If no card is.\n-0003e980: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 specified, \n-0003e990: 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 6175 746f 636f 6e66 perform autoconf\n-0003e9a0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 616c iguration for al\n-0003e9b0: 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 6473 l existing cards\n-0003e9c0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003e9d0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-0003e9e0: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a _ls_addr, Next:\n-0003e9f0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c 2020 net_ls_cards, \n-0003ea00: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 Prev: net_ipv6_a\n-0003ea10: 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 utoconf, Up: Ne\n-0003ea20: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003ea30: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3131 206e 6574 5f6c s..17.5.11 net_l\n-0003ea40: 735f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s_addr.---------\n-0003ea50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003ea60: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f Command: net_ls_\n-0003ea70: 6164 6472 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 addr. List a\n-0003ea80: 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 696e ll configured in\n-0003ea90: 7465 7266 6163 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 terfaces with th\n-0003eaa0: 6569 7220 4d41 4320 616e 6420 4950 2061 eir MAC and IP a\n-0003eab0: 6464 7265 7373 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ddresses.....Fil\n-0003eac0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003ead0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 ode: net_ls_card\n-0003eae0: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 s, Next: net_ls\n-0003eaf0: 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 _dns, Prev: net\n-0003eb00: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e _ls_addr, Up: N\n-0003eb10: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0003eb20: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3220 6e65 745f ds..17.5.12 net_\n-0003eb30: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ls_cards.-------\n-0003eb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003eb50: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n-0003eb60: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 ls_cards. Li\n-0003eb70: 7374 2061 6c6c 2064 6574 6563 7465 6420 st all detected \n-0003eb80: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 7320 7769 network cards wi\n-0003eb90: 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 2061 6464 th their MAC add\n-0003eba0: 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ress.....File: g\n-0003ebb0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003ebc0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 net_ls_dns, Ne\n-0003ebd0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 xt: net_ls_route\n-0003ebe0: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 s, Prev: net_ls\n-0003ebf0: 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 _cards, Up: Net\n-0003ec00: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n-0003ec10: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3320 6e65 745f 6c73 ..17.5.13 net_ls\n-0003ec20: 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _dns.-----------\n-0003ec30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003ec40: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 mand: net_ls_dns\n-0003ec50: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6464 7265 . List addre\n-0003ec60: 7373 6573 206f 6620 444e 5320 7365 7276 sses of DNS serv\n-0003ec70: 6572 7320 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 ers used during \n-0003ec80: 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a name lookup.....\n-0003ec90: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003eca0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 Node: net_ls_r\n-0003ecb0: 6f75 7465 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 outes, Next: ne\n-0003ecc0: 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 2050 7265 t_nslookup, Pre\n-0003ecd0: 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 v: net_ls_dns, \n-0003ece0: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n-0003ecf0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3134 ommands..17.5.14\n-0003ed00: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 0a2d net_ls_routes.-\n-0003ed10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003ed30: 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 d: net_ls_routes\n-0003ed40: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 7469 . List routi\n-0003ed50: 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ng entries.....F\n-0003ed60: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003ed70: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f Node: net_nsloo\n-0003ed80: 6b75 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f kup, Next: net_\n-0003ed90: 7365 745f 766c 616e 2c20 2050 7265 763a set_vlan, Prev:\n-0003eda0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 net_ls_routes, \n-0003edb0: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n-0003edc0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 commands..17.5.1\n-0003edd0: 3520 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 0a2d 5 net_nslookup.-\n-0003ede0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003edf0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003ee00: 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 204e : net_nslookup N\n-0003ee10: 414d 4520 5b53 4552 5645 525d 0a20 2020 AME [SERVER]. \n-0003ee20: 2020 5265 736f 6c76 6520 6164 6472 6573 Resolve addres\n-0003ee30: 7320 6f66 204e 414d 4520 7573 696e 6720 s of NAME using \n-0003ee40: 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 2053 4552 5645 DNS server SERVE\n-0003ee50: 522e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 7365 7276 6572 R. If no server\n-0003ee60: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 is. given, \n-0003ee70: 7573 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c69 7374 use default list\n-0003ee80: 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 732e 0a0a 1f0a of servers.....\n-0003ee90: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003eea0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f Node: net_set_\n-0003eeb0: 766c 616e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 vlan, Prev: net\n-0003eec0: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 5570 3a20 _nslookup, Up: \n-0003eed0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-0003eee0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3136 206e 6574 nds..17.5.16 net\n-0003eef0: 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _set_vlan.------\n-0003ef00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0003ef10: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n-0003ef20: 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 494e 5445 5246 _set_vlan INTERF\n-0003ef30: 4143 4520 564c 414e 4944 0a20 2020 2020 ACE VLANID. \n-0003ef40: 5365 7420 7468 6520 3830 322e 3151 2056 Set the 802.1Q V\n-0003ef50: 4c41 4e20 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 206f LAN identifier o\n-0003ef60: 6e20 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 746f 2056 n INTERFACE to V\n-0003ef70: 4c41 4e49 442e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 LANID. For. \n-0003ef80: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 6574 example, to set\n-0003ef90: 2074 6865 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 656e 7469 the VLAN identi\n-0003efa0: 6669 6572 206f 6e20 696e 7465 7266 6163 fier on interfac\n-0003efb0: 6520 e280 9865 6669 6e65 7431 e280 9920 e ...efinet1... \n-0003efc0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3030 e280 to. ...100..\n-0003efd0: 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 .:.. ne\n-0003efe0: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2065 6669 6e65 t_set_vlan efine\n-0003eff0: 7431 2031 3030 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 t1 100.. The\n-0003f000: 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 VLAN identifier\n-0003f010: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 6420 can be removed \n-0003f020: 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7420 746f by setting it to\n-0003f030: 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ...0...:.. \n-0003f040: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 net_set_vla\n-0003f050: 6e20 6566 696e 6574 3120 300a 0a1f 0a46 n efinet1 0....F\n-0003f060: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003f070: 204e 6f64 653a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e Node: Undocumen\n-0003f080: 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 ted commands, P\n-0003f090: 7265 763a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 rev: Networking \n-0003f0a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 commands, Up: C\n-0003f0b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3620 436f ommands..17.6 Co\n-0003f0c0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 mmands currently\n-0003f0d0: 2075 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 640a 3d3d undocumented.==\n-0003f0e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0003e8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003e8d0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f mmand: net_ipv6_\n+0003e8e0: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 205b 4341 5244 5d0a autoconf [CARD].\n+0003e8f0: 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 5076 Perform IPv\n+0003e900: 3620 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 6 autoconfigurat\n+0003e910: 696f 6e20 6279 2061 6464 696e 6720 746f ion by adding to\n+0003e920: 2074 6865 2043 4152 4420 696e 7465 7266 the CARD interf\n+0003e930: 6163 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 ace with. na\n+0003e940: 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 8098 3a6c 696e 6be2 me CARD...:link.\n+0003e950: 8099 2061 6e64 206c 696e 6b20 6c6f 6361 .. and link loca\n+0003e960: 6c20 4d41 432d 6261 7365 6420 6164 6472 l MAC-based addr\n+0003e970: 6573 732e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 ess. If no card\n+0003e980: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 is. specifi\n+0003e990: 6564 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 6175 746f ed, perform auto\n+0003e9a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 666f configuration fo\n+0003e9b0: 7220 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 r all existing c\n+0003e9c0: 6172 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ards.....File: g\n+0003e9d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003e9e0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 204e net_ls_addr, N\n+0003e9f0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 ext: net_ls_card\n+0003ea00: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 s, Prev: net_ip\n+0003ea10: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5570 v6_autoconf, Up\n+0003ea20: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n+0003ea30: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3131 206e mands..17.5.11 n\n+0003ea40: 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d et_ls_addr.-----\n+0003ea50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0003ea60: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n+0003ea70: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 _ls_addr. Li\n+0003ea80: 7374 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 st all configure\n+0003ea90: 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6573 2077 6974 d interfaces wit\n+0003eaa0: 6820 7468 6569 7220 4d41 4320 616e 6420 h their MAC and \n+0003eab0: 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2e0a 0a1f IP addresses....\n+0003eac0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003ead0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f , Node: net_ls_\n+0003eae0: 6361 7264 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 cards, Next: ne\n+0003eaf0: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a t_ls_dns, Prev:\n+0003eb00: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 net_ls_addr, U\n+0003eb10: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n+0003eb20: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3220 mmands..17.5.12 \n+0003eb30: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a2d 2d2d net_ls_cards.---\n+0003eb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003eb50: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003eb60: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a20 2020 net_ls_cards. \n+0003eb70: 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2064 6574 6563 List all detec\n+0003eb80: 7465 6420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 ted network card\n+0003eb90: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 s with their MAC\n+0003eba0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c address.....Fil\n+0003ebb0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003ebc0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c ode: net_ls_dns,\n+0003ebd0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 Next: net_ls_r\n+0003ebe0: 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 outes, Prev: ne\n+0003ebf0: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2055 703a t_ls_cards, Up:\n+0003ec00: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+0003ec10: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3320 6e65 ands..17.5.13 ne\n+0003ec20: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_ls_dns.-------\n+0003ec30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003ec40: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 Command: net_ls\n+0003ec50: 5f64 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 _dns. List a\n+0003ec60: 6464 7265 7373 6573 206f 6620 444e 5320 ddresses of DNS \n+0003ec70: 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 2064 7572 servers used dur\n+0003ec80: 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e ing name lookup.\n+0003ec90: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003eca0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+0003ecb0: 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 4e65 7874 ls_routes, Next\n+0003ecc0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 : net_nslookup, \n+0003ecd0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e Prev: net_ls_dn\n+0003ece0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 s, Up: Networki\n+0003ecf0: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n+0003ed00: 352e 3134 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 5.14 net_ls_rout\n+0003ed10: 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d es.-------------\n+0003ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003ed30: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f mmand: net_ls_ro\n+0003ed40: 7574 6573 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 utes. List r\n+0003ed50: 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a outing entries..\n+0003ed60: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003ed70: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6e fo, Node: net_n\n+0003ed80: 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 slookup, Next: \n+0003ed90: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2c20 2050 net_set_vlan, P\n+0003eda0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 rev: net_ls_rout\n+0003edb0: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b es, Up: Network\n+0003edc0: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n+0003edd0: 2e35 2e31 3520 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b .5.15 net_nslook\n+0003ede0: 7570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d up.-------------\n+0003edf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003ee00: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b mand: net_nslook\n+0003ee10: 7570 204e 414d 4520 5b53 4552 5645 525d up NAME [SERVER]\n+0003ee20: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 736f 6c76 6520 6164 . Resolve ad\n+0003ee30: 6472 6573 7320 6f66 204e 414d 4520 7573 dress of NAME us\n+0003ee40: 696e 6720 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 2053 ing DNS server S\n+0003ee50: 4552 5645 522e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 7365 ERVER. If no se\n+0003ee60: 7276 6572 2069 730a 2020 2020 2067 6976 rver is. giv\n+0003ee70: 656e 2c20 7573 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 en, use default \n+0003ee80: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 732e list of servers.\n+0003ee90: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003eea0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+0003eeb0: 7365 745f 766c 616e 2c20 2050 7265 763a set_vlan, Prev:\n+0003eec0: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 net_nslookup, \n+0003eed0: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n+0003eee0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3136 ommands..17.5.16\n+0003eef0: 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e0a 2d2d net_set_vlan.--\n+0003ef00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003ef10: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003ef20: 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 494e net_set_vlan IN\n+0003ef30: 5445 5246 4143 4520 564c 414e 4944 0a20 TERFACE VLANID. \n+0003ef40: 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 3830 322e Set the 802.\n+0003ef50: 3151 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 656e 7469 6669 1Q VLAN identifi\n+0003ef60: 6572 206f 6e20 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 er on INTERFACE \n+0003ef70: 746f 2056 4c41 4e49 442e 2020 466f 720a to VLANID. For.\n+0003ef80: 2020 2020 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f example, to\n+0003ef90: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 set the VLAN id\n+0003efa0: 656e 7469 6669 6572 206f 6e20 696e 7465 entifier on inte\n+0003efb0: 7266 6163 6520 e280 9865 6669 6e65 7431 rface ...efinet1\n+0003efc0: e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 ... to. ...1\n+0003efd0: 3030 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 00...:.. \n+0003efe0: 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2065 net_set_vlan e\n+0003eff0: 6669 6e65 7431 2031 3030 0a0a 2020 2020 finet1 100.. \n+0003f000: 2054 6865 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 656e 7469 The VLAN identi\n+0003f010: 6669 6572 2063 616e 2062 6520 7265 6d6f fier can be remo\n+0003f020: 7665 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 ved by setting i\n+0003f030: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 t to ...0...:.. \n+0003f040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 net_set\n+0003f050: 5f76 6c61 6e20 6566 696e 6574 3120 300a _vlan efinet1 0.\n+0003f060: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003f070: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 6e64 6f63 fo, Node: Undoc\n+0003f080: 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 umented commands\n+0003f090: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204e 6574 776f 726b , Prev: Network\n+0003f0a0: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 ing commands, U\n+0003f0b0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e p: Commands..17.\n+0003f0c0: 3620 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 7572 7265 6 Commands curre\n+0003f0d0: 6e74 6c79 2075 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 ntly undocumente\n+0003f0e0: 640a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d d.==============\n 0003f0f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003f100: 3d3d 0a0a 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c ==..Unfortunatel\n-0003f110: 792c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 y, not all GRUB \n-0003f120: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2064 6f63 commands are doc\n-0003f130: 756d 656e 7465 6420 6174 2074 6869 7320 umented at this \n-0003f140: 7469 6d65 2064 7565 2074 6f0a 6465 7665 time due to.deve\n-0003f150: 6c6f 7065 7220 7265 736f 7572 6365 2063 loper resource c\n-0003f160: 6f6e 7374 7261 696e 7473 2e20 204f 6e65 onstraints. One\n-0003f170: 2077 6179 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 7269 6275 way to contribu\n-0003f180: 7465 2062 6163 6b20 746f 2074 6865 2047 te back to the G\n-0003f190: 5255 420a 7072 6f6a 6563 7420 776f 756c RUB.project woul\n-0003f1a0: 6420 6265 2074 6f20 6865 6c70 2064 6f63 d be to help doc\n-0003f1b0: 756d 656e 7420 7468 6573 6520 636f 6d6d ument these comm\n-0003f1c0: 616e 6473 2c20 616e 6420 7375 626d 6974 ands, and submit\n-0003f1d0: 2070 6174 6368 6573 206f 720a 6964 6561 patches or.idea\n-0003f1e0: 7320 746f 2074 6865 206d 6169 6c69 6e67 s to the mailing\n-0003f1f0: 206c 6973 742e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c list. The foll\n-0003f200: 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 2028 6d6f 7374 owing is a (most\n-0003f210: 206c 696b 656c 7920 696e 636f 6d70 6c65 likely incomple\n-0003f220: 7465 290a 6c69 7374 206f 6620 756e 646f te).list of undo\n-0003f230: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 206f 7220 706f 6f72 cumented or poor\n-0003f240: 6c79 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f ly documented co\n-0003f250: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 6e64 206e 6f74 2061 mmands and not a\n-0003f260: 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 656d 0a61 7265 2061 ll of them.are a\n-0003f270: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2070 llowed for all p\n-0003f280: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2052 756e 6e69 latforms. Runni\n-0003f290: 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2068 ng the command h\n-0003f2a0: 656c 7020 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 elp from within \n-0003f2b0: 7468 650a 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c 206d the.GRUB shell m\n-0003f2c0: 6179 2070 726f 7669 6465 206d 6f72 6520 ay provide more \n-0003f2d0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2070 information on p\n-0003f2e0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 616e 6420 7573 arameters and us\n-0003f2f0: 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 age... ... ...\n-0003f300: 616c 6c5f 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 5f74 all_functional_t\n-0003f310: 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2052 756e 2061 6c6c est... - Run all\n-0003f320: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 7374 functional test\n-0003f330: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9862 6163 s.. ... ...bac\n-0003f340: 6b74 7261 6365 e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e ktrace... - Prin\n-0003f350: 7420 6261 636b 7472 6163 652e 0a20 2020 t backtrace.. \n-0003f360: e280 a220 e280 9862 6f6f 7474 696d 65e2 ... ...boottime.\n-0003f370: 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 626f 6f74 2074 .. - Show boot t\n-0003f380: 696d 6520 7374 6174 6973 7469 6373 2e0a ime statistics..\n-0003f390: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6361 6368 6569 ... ...cachei\n-0003f3a0: 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 2047 6574 2064 6973 nfo... - Get dis\n-0003f3b0: 6b20 6361 6368 6520 696e 666f 2e0a 2020 k cache info.. \n-0003f3c0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6362 6d65 6d63 e280 ... ...cbmemc..\n-0003f3d0: 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2043 424d 454d 2063 . - Show CBMEM c\n-0003f3e0: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 2e0a onsole content..\n-0003f3f0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 636d 6f73 7365 ... ...cmosse\n-0003f400: 74e2 8099 202d 2053 6574 2062 6974 2061 t... - Set bit a\n-0003f410: 7420 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2069 6e20 434d t BYTE:BIT in CM\n-0003f420: 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 636f OS.. ... ...co\n-0003f430: 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 696d 65e2 reboot_boottime.\n-0003f440: 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 636f 7265 626f .. - Show corebo\n-0003f450: 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2073 7461 ot boot time sta\n-0003f460: 7469 7374 6963 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 tistics.. ... \n-0003f470: e280 9864 756d 70e2 8099 202d 2053 686f ...dump... - Sho\n-0003f480: 7720 6d65 6d6f 7279 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 w memory content\n-0003f490: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 s.. ... ...efi\n-0003f4a0: 656d 755f 6c6f 6164 636f 7265 e280 9920 emu_loadcore... \n-0003f4b0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e64 2069 6e69 7469 - Load and initi\n-0003f4c0: 616c 697a 6520 4546 4920 656d 756c 6174 alize EFI emulat\n-0003f4d0: 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 or.. ... ...ef\n-0003f4e0: 6965 6d75 5f70 7265 7061 7265 e280 9920 iemu_prepare... \n-0003f4f0: 2d20 4669 6e61 6c69 7a65 206c 6f61 6469 - Finalize loadi\n-0003f500: 6e67 206f 6620 4546 4920 656d 756c 6174 ng of EFI emulat\n-0003f510: 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 or.. ... ...ef\n-0003f520: 6965 6d75 5f75 6e6c 6f61 64e2 8099 202d iemu_unload... -\n-0003f530: 2055 6e6c 6f61 6420 4546 4920 656d 756c Unload EFI emul\n-0003f540: 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ator.. ... ...\n-0003f550: 6578 6974 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6974 2066 exit... - Exit f\n-0003f560: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 rom GRUB.. ...\n-0003f570: 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 656e 7472 ...extract_entr\n-0003f580: 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 ies_configfile..\n-0003f590: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 . - Load another\n-0003f5a0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 2062 7574 config file but\n-0003f5b0: 2074 616b 650a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 take. only \n-0003f5c0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 2020 menu entries.. \n-0003f5d0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f ... ...extract_\n-0003f5e0: 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 6365 e280 entries_source..\n-0003f5f0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 . - Load another\n-0003f600: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 2077 6974 config file wit\n-0003f610: 686f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6368 616e 6769 hout. changi\n-0003f620: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2062 7574 2074 ng context but t\n-0003f630: 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e ake only menu en\n-0003f640: 7472 6965 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 tries.. ... ..\n-0003f650: 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f6c 6567 6163 795f .extract_legacy_\n-0003f660: 656e 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 entries_configfi\n-0003f670: 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 le... - Parse le\n-0003f680: 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 206e gacy config in n\n-0003f690: 6577 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 ew. context \n-0003f6a0: 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 taking only menu\n-0003f6b0: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 entries. ... \n-0003f6c0: e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f6c 6567 6163 ...extract_legac\n-0003f6d0: 795f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 6365 y_entries_source\n-0003f6e0: e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 ... - Parse lega\n-0003f6f0: 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d cy config in sam\n-0003f700: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 e. context t\n-0003f710: 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 aking only menu \n-0003f720: 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 entries. ... .\n-0003f730: 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 7379 736c 696e ..extract_syslin\n-0003f740: 7578 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 ux_entries_confi\n-0003f750: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 gfile... - Execu\n-0003f760: 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 te syslinux conf\n-0003f770: 6967 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 206e 6577 2063 ig in. new c\n-0003f780: 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e ontext taking on\n-0003f790: 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a ly menu entries.\n-0003f7a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 ... ...extrac\n-0003f7b0: 745f 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f65 6e74 7269 t_syslinux_entri\n-0003f7c0: 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2045 es_source... - E\n-0003f7d0: 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 xecute syslinux \n-0003f7e0: 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 0a20 config in same. \n-0003f7f0: 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 context taki\n-0003f800: 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ng only menu ent\n-0003f810: 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 ries. ... ...f\n-0003f820: 616b 6562 696f 73e2 8099 202d 2043 7265 akebios... - Cre\n-0003f830: 6174 6520 4249 4f53 2d6c 696b 6520 7374 ate BIOS-like st\n-0003f840: 7275 6374 7572 6573 2066 6f72 2062 6163 ructures for bac\n-0003f850: 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c kward compatibil\n-0003f860: 6974 790a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 6578 ity. with ex\n-0003f870: 6973 7469 6e67 204f 532e 0a20 2020 e280 isting OS.. ..\n-0003f880: a220 e280 9866 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2043 . ...file... - C\n-0003f890: 6865 636b 2069 6620 4649 4c45 2069 7320 heck if FILE is \n-0003f8a0: 6f66 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 7970 of specified typ\n-0003f8b0: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 6978 e.. ... ...fix\n-0003f8c0: 5f76 6964 656f e280 9920 2d20 4669 7820 _video... - Fix \n-0003f8d0: 7669 6465 6f20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2e 0a20 video problem.. \n-0003f8e0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 7073 7761 e280 ... ...fpswa..\n-0003f8f0: 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4650 5357 . - Display FPSW\n-0003f900: 4120 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 A version.. ..\n-0003f910: a220 e280 9866 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c5f . ...functional_\n-0003f920: 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5275 6e20 616c test... - Run al\n-0003f930: 6c20 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 756e 6374 696f l loaded functio\n-0003f940: 6e61 6c20 7465 7374 732e 0a20 2020 e280 nal tests.. ..\n-0003f950: a220 e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 5f62 7265 . ...gdbstub_bre\n-0003f960: 616b e280 9920 2d20 4272 6561 6b20 696e ak... - Break in\n-0003f970: 746f 2047 4442 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 to GDB. ... ..\n-0003f980: 9867 6462 7374 7562 e280 9920 2d20 5374 .gdbstub... - St\n-0003f990: 6172 7420 4744 4220 7374 7562 206f 6e20 art GDB stub on \n-0003f9a0: 6769 7665 6e20 706f 7274 0a20 2020 e280 given port. ..\n-0003f9b0: a220 e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 5f73 746f . ...gdbstub_sto\n-0003f9c0: 70e2 8099 202d 2053 746f 7020 4744 4220 p... - Stop GDB \n-0003f9d0: 7374 7562 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9868 stub. ... ...h\n-0003f9e0: 6470 6172 6de2 8099 202d 2047 6574 2f73 dparm... - Get/s\n-0003f9f0: 6574 2041 5441 2064 6973 6b20 7061 7261 et ATA disk para\n-0003fa00: 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 meters.. ... .\n-0003fa10: 8098 6865 7864 756d 705f 7261 6e64 6f6d ..hexdump_random\n-0003fa20: e280 9920 2d20 4865 7864 756d 7020 7261 ... - Hexdump ra\n-0003fa30: 6e64 6f6d 2064 6174 612e 0a20 2020 e280 ndom data.. ..\n-0003fa40: a220 e280 9869 6e62 e280 9920 2d20 5265 . ...inb... - Re\n-0003fa50: 6164 2038 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 ad 8-bit value f\n-0003fa60: 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 rom PORT.. ...\n-0003fa70: 20e2 8098 696e 6ce2 8099 202d 2052 6561 ...inl... - Rea\n-0003fa80: 6420 3332 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 d 32-bit value f\n-0003fa90: 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 rom PORT.. ...\n-0003faa0: 20e2 8098 696e 77e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 ...inw... - Rea\n-0003fab0: 6420 3136 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 d 16-bit value f\n-0003fac0: 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 rom PORT.. ...\n-0003fad0: 20e2 8098 6a70 6567 7465 7374 e280 9920 ...jpegtest... \n-0003fae0: 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 - Tests loading \n-0003faf0: 6f66 204a 5045 4720 6269 746d 6170 2e0a of JPEG bitmap..\n-0003fb00: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b65 796d 6170 ... ...keymap\n-0003fb10: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206b 6579 ... - Load a key\n-0003fb20: 626f 6172 6420 6c61 796f 7574 2e0a 2020 board layout.. \n-0003fb30: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 ... ...legacy_c\n-0003fb40: 6865 636b 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 heck_password...\n-0003fb50: 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 - Simulate grub\n-0003fb60: 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2770 6173 7377 6f72 -legacy 'passwor\n-0003fb70: 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 d' command. \n-0003fb80: 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6d6f in menu entry mo\n-0003fb90: 6465 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 de. ... ...leg\n-0003fba0: 6163 795f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 acy_configfile..\n-0003fbb0: 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 6379 . - Parse legacy\n-0003fbc0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 206e 6577 2063 config in new c\n-0003fbd0: 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ontext. ... ..\n-0003fbe0: 986c 6567 6163 795f 7061 7373 776f 7264 .legacy_password\n-0003fbf0: e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 ... - Simulate g\n-0003fc00: 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 7061 7373 rub-legacy 'pass\n-0003fc10: 776f 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 word' command. \n-0003fc20: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f73 ... ...legacy_s\n-0003fc30: 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 ource... - Parse\n-0003fc40: 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 legacy config i\n-0003fc50: 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 n same context. \n-0003fc60: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6f61 6462 696f ... ...loadbio\n-0003fc70: 73e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4249 4f53 s... - Load BIOS\n-0003fc80: 2064 756d 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 dump.. ... ..\n-0003fc90: 986c 7361 6370 69e2 8099 202d 2053 686f .lsacpi... - Sho\n-0003fca0: 7720 4143 5049 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 w ACPI informati\n-0003fcb0: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 on.. ... ...ls\n-0003fcc0: 6170 6de2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 4150 apm... - Show AP\n-0003fcd0: 4d20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 M information.. \n-0003fce0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7363 6f72 6562 ... ...lscoreb\n-0003fcf0: 6f6f 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 636f oot... - List co\n-0003fd00: 7265 626f 6f74 2074 6162 6c65 732e 0a20 reboot tables.. \n-0003fd10: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7364 6576 e280 ... ...lsdev..\n-0003fd20: 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2064 6576 6963 6573 . - List devices\n-0003fd30: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 .. ... ...lsef\n-0003fd40: 69e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2045 i... - Display E\n-0003fd50: 4649 2068 616e 646c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 FI handles.. .\n-0003fd60: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 696d 6d61 70e2 .. ...lsefimmap.\n-0003fd70: 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2045 4649 .. - Display EFI\n-0003fd80: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 memory map.. \n-0003fd90: e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 7379 7374 ... ...lsefisyst\n-0003fda0: 6162 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 ab... - Display \n-0003fdb0: 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d 2074 6162 6c65 EFI system table\n-0003fdc0: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 736d s.. ... ...lsm\n-0003fdd0: 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 6d65 map... - List me\n-0003fde0: 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2070 726f 7669 6465 mory map provide\n-0003fdf0: 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a20 d by firmware.. \n-0003fe00: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7370 6369 e280 ... ...lspci..\n-0003fe10: 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2050 4349 2064 6576 . - List PCI dev\n-0003fe20: 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ices.. ... ...\n-0003fe30: 6c73 7361 6ce2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c lssal... - Displ\n-0003fe40: 6179 2053 414c 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7461 ay SAL system ta\n-0003fe50: 626c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c ble.. ... ...l\n-0003fe60: 7373 7064 e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 sspd... - Print \n-0003fe70: 4d65 6d6f 7279 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 Memory informati\n-0003fe80: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d61 on.. ... ...ma\n-0003fe90: 6370 7063 626c 6573 73e2 8099 202d 2042 cppcbless... - B\n-0003fea0: 6c65 7373 2044 4952 206f 6620 4846 5320 less DIR of HFS \n-0003feb0: 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 7061 7274 6974 696f or HFS+ partitio\n-0003fec0: 6e20 666f 7220 5050 4320 6d61 6373 2e0a n for PPC macs..\n-0003fed0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d61 6374 656c ... ...mactel\n-0003fee0: 626c 6573 73e2 8099 202d 2042 6c65 7373 bless... - Bless\n-0003fef0: 2046 494c 4520 6f66 2048 4653 206f 7220 FILE of HFS or \n-0003ff00: 4846 532b 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 HFS+ partition f\n-0003ff10: 6f72 2069 6e74 656c 206d 6163 732e 0a20 or intel macs.. \n-0003ff20: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986e 6574 5f73 6574 ... ...net_set\n-0003ff30: 5f76 6c61 6ee2 8099 202d 2053 6574 2061 _vlan... - Set a\n-0003ff40: 6e20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 766c n interface's vl\n-0003ff50: 616e 2069 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 an id.. ... ..\n-0003ff60: 986f 7574 62e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 .outb... - Write\n-0003ff70: 2038 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 8-bit VALUE to \n-0003ff80: 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 PORT.. ... ...\n-0003ff90: 6f75 746c e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 outl... - Write \n-0003ffa0: 3332 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 32-bit VALUE to \n-0003ffb0: 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 PORT.. ... ...\n-0003ffc0: 6f75 7477 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 outw... - Write \n-0003ffd0: 3136 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 16-bit VALUE to \n-0003ffe0: 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 PORT.. ... ...\n-0003fff0: 7063 6964 756d 70e2 8099 202d 2053 686f pcidump... - Sho\n-00040000: 7720 7261 7720 6475 6d70 206f 6620 7468 w raw dump of th\n-00040010: 6520 5043 4920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 e PCI configurat\n-00040020: 696f 6e20 7370 6163 652e 0a20 2020 e280 ion space.. ..\n-00040030: a220 e280 9870 6e67 7465 7374 e280 9920 . ...pngtest... \n-00040040: 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 - Tests loading \n-00040050: 6f66 2050 4e47 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 of PNG bitmap.. \n-00040060: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 645f 6279 ... ...read_by\n-00040070: 7465 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2038 2d62 te... - Read 8-b\n-00040080: 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 it value from AD\n-00040090: 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 DR.. ... ...re\n-000400a0: 6164 5f64 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5265 ad_dword... - Re\n-000400b0: 6164 2033 322d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 ad 32-bit value \n-000400c0: 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 from ADDR.. ..\n-000400d0: a220 e280 9872 6561 645f 776f 7264 e280 . ...read_word..\n-000400e0: 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2031 362d 6269 7420 . - Read 16-bit \n-000400f0: 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e value from ADDR.\n-00040100: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 6574 7063 . ... ...setpc\n-00040110: 69e2 8099 202d 204d 616e 6970 756c 6174 i... - Manipulat\n-00040120: 6520 5043 4920 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 e PCI devices.. \n-00040130: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 7573 7065 6e64 ... ...suspend\n-00040140: e280 9920 2d20 5265 7475 726e 2074 6f20 ... - Return to \n-00040150: 4945 4545 3132 3735 2070 726f 6d70 742e IEEE1275 prompt.\n-00040160: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 7973 6c69 . ... ...sysli\n-00040170: 6e75 785f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 nux_configfile..\n-00040180: 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c . - Execute sysl\n-00040190: 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 206e inux config in n\n-000401a0: 6577 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 ew context. ..\n-000401b0: a220 e280 9873 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 736f . ...syslinux_so\n-000401c0: 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 urce... - Execut\n-000401d0: 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 e syslinux confi\n-000401e0: 6720 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f 6e74 6578 g in same contex\n-000401f0: 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 7374 t. ... ...test\n-00040200: 5f62 6c6f 636b 6172 67e2 8099 202d 2050 _blockarg... - P\n-00040210: 7269 6e74 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 rint and execute\n-00040220: 2062 6c6f 636b 2061 7267 756d 656e 742e block argument.\n-00040230: 2c20 300a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 , 0. ... ...te\n-00040240: 7374 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 stload... - Load\n-00040250: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6669 6c65 2069 the same file i\n-00040260: 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2077 6179 732e n multiple ways.\n-00040270: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 7473 . ... ...tests\n-00040280: 7065 6564 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2066 peed... - Test f\n-00040290: 696c 6520 7265 6164 2073 7065 6564 2e0a ile read speed..\n-000402a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7467 6174 6573 ... ...tgates\n-000402b0: 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 t... - Tests loa\n-000402c0: 6469 6e67 206f 6620 5447 4120 6269 746d ding of TGA bitm\n-000402d0: 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7469 ap.. ... ...ti\n-000402e0: 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 4d65 6173 7572 6520 me... - Measure \n-000402f0: 7469 6d65 2075 7365 6420 6279 2043 4f4d time used by COM\n-00040300: 4d41 4e44 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 MAND. ... ...t\n-00040310: 72e2 8099 202d 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 r... - Translate\n-00040320: 2053 4554 3120 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 SET1 characters\n-00040330: 2074 6f20 5345 5432 2069 6e20 5354 5249 to SET2 in STRI\n-00040340: 4e47 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7573 NG.. ... ...us\n-00040350: 62e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 5553 4220 b... - Test USB \n-00040360: 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 support.. ... \n-00040370: e280 9876 6265 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 ...vbeinfo... - \n-00040380: 4c69 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 List available v\n-00040390: 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2049 6620 ideo modes. If \n-000403a0: 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 resolution is gi\n-000403b0: 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 2073 686f 7720 6f6e ven. show on\n-000403c0: 6c79 206d 6f64 6573 206d 6174 6368 696e ly modes matchin\n-000403d0: 6720 6974 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 g it.. ... ...\n-000403e0: 7662 6574 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 vbetest... - Tes\n-000403f0: 7420 7669 6465 6f20 7375 6273 7973 7465 t video subsyste\n-00040400: 6d2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9876 6964 m.. ... ...vid\n-00040410: 656f 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 eotest... - Test\n-00040420: 2076 6964 656f 2073 7562 7379 7374 656d video subsystem\n-00040430: 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 2057 7848 2e0a 2020 in mode WxH.. \n-00040440: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f 6279 ... ...write_by\n-00040450: 7465 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 382d te... - Write 8-\n-00040460: 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 bit VALUE to ADD\n-00040470: 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 R.. ... ...wri\n-00040480: 7465 5f64 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5772 te_dword... - Wr\n-00040490: 6974 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 ite 32-bit VALUE\n-000404a0: 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 to ADDR.. ...\n-000404b0: 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f 776f 7264 e280 ...write_word..\n-000404c0: 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 3136 2d62 6974 . - Write 16-bit\n-000404d0: 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a VALUE to ADDR..\n-000404e0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 6e5f 6361 ... ...xen_ca\n-000404f0: 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 5865 6e20 t... - List Xen \n-00040500: 7374 6f72 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 storage.. ... \n-00040510: e280 9878 656e 5f6c 73e2 8099 202d 204c ...xen_ls... - L\n-00040520: 6973 7420 5865 6e20 7374 6f72 6167 652e ist Xen storage.\n-00040530: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f64 . ... ...xnu_d\n-00040540: 6576 7072 6f70 5f6c 6f61 64e2 8099 202d evprop_load... -\n-00040550: 204c 6f61 6420 2764 6576 6963 652d 7072 Load 'device-pr\n-00040560: 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2720 6475 6d70 2e0a operties' dump..\n-00040570: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7575 ... ...xnu_uu\n-00040580: 6964 e280 9920 2d20 5472 616e 7366 6f72 id... - Transfor\n-00040590: 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 2055 5549 4420 746f m 64-bit UUID to\n-000405a0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 7375 6974 6162 6c65 format suitable\n-000405b0: 2066 6f72 2058 4e55 2e20 4966 0a20 2020 for XNU. If. \n-000405c0: 2020 2d6c 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 -l is given ke\n-000405d0: 6570 2069 7420 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 6520 ep it lowercase \n-000405e0: 6173 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 2062 6c6b 6964 as done by blkid\n-000405f0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 732d .. ... ...zfs-\n-00040600: 626f 6f74 6673 e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e bootfs... - Prin\n-00040610: 7420 5a46 532d 424f 4f54 4653 4f42 4a20 t ZFS-BOOTFSOBJ \n-00040620: 6f72 2073 746f 7265 2069 7420 696e 746f or store it into\n-00040630: 2056 4152 4941 424c 450a 2020 20e2 80a2 VARIABLE. ...\n-00040640: 20e2 8098 7a66 7369 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d ...zfsinfo... -\n-00040650: 2050 7269 6e74 205a 4653 2069 6e66 6f20 Print ZFS info \n-00040660: 6162 6f75 7420 4445 5649 4345 2e0a 2020 about DEVICE.. \n-00040670: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 736b 6579 e280 ... ...zfskey..\n-00040680: 9920 2d20 496d 706f 7274 205a 4653 2077 . - Import ZFS w\n-00040690: 7261 7070 696e 6720 6b65 7920 7374 6f72 rapping key stor\n-000406a0: 6564 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ed in FILE.....F\n-000406b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000406c0: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 Node: Internati\n-000406d0: 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 onalisation, Ne\n-000406e0: 7874 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 2c20 2050 xt: Security, P\n-000406f0: 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 rev: Commands, \n-00040700: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3820 496e 7465 Up: Top..18 Inte\n-00040710: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e rnationalisation\n-00040720: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-00040730: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 3138 2e31 2043 ********..18.1 C\n-00040740: 6861 7273 6574 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d harset.=========\n-00040750: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7573 6573 2055 ===..GRUB uses U\n-00040760: 5446 2d38 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 TF-8 internally \n-00040770: 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e 2069 6e20 7265 other than in re\n-00040780: 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7768 6572 6520 736f ndering where so\n-00040790: 6d65 0a47 5255 422d 7370 6563 6966 6963 me.GRUB-specific\n-000407a0: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2072 6570 appropriate rep\n-000407b0: 7265 7365 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2075 resentation is u\n-000407c0: 7365 642e 2020 416c 6c20 7465 7874 2066 sed. All text f\n-000407d0: 696c 6573 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 iles.(including \n-000407e0: 636f 6e66 6967 2920 6172 6520 6173 7375 config) are assu\n-000407f0: 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 656e 636f 6465 med to be encode\n-00040800: 6420 696e 2055 5446 2d38 2e0a 0a31 382e d in UTF-8...18.\n-00040810: 3220 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 730a 3d3d 2 Filesystems.==\n-00040820: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00040830: 4e54 4653 2c20 4a46 532c 2055 4446 2c20 NTFS, JFS, UDF, \n-00040840: 4846 532b 2c20 6578 4641 542c 206c 6f6e HFS+, exFAT, lon\n-00040850: 6720 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 7320 696e 2046 g filenames in F\n-00040860: 4154 2c20 4a6f 6c69 6574 2070 6172 7420 AT, Joliet part \n-00040870: 6f66 0a49 534f 3936 3630 2061 7265 2074 of.ISO9660 are t\n-00040880: 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 5554 462d 3136 reated as UTF-16\n-00040890: 2061 7320 7065 7220 7370 6563 6966 6963 as per specific\n-000408a0: 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4146 5320 616e 6420 ation. 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BtrFS,\n-000408f0: 2063 7069 6f2c 2074 6172 2c0a 7371 7561 cpio, tar,.squa\n-00040900: 7368 342c 206d 696e 6978 2c20 6d69 6e69 sh4, minix, mini\n-00040910: 7832 2c20 6d69 6e69 7833 2c20 524f 4d46 x2, minix3, ROMF\n-00040920: 532c 2052 6569 7365 7246 532c 2058 4653 S, ReiserFS, XFS\n-00040930: 2c20 6578 7432 2c20 6578 7433 2c20 6578 , ext2, ext3, ex\n-00040940: 7434 2c0a 4641 5420 2873 686f 7274 206e t4,.FAT (short n\n-00040950: 616d 6573 292c 2046 3246 532c 2052 6f63 ames), F2FS, Roc\n-00040960: 6b52 6964 6765 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2049 kRidge part of I\n-00040970: 534f 3936 3630 2c20 6e69 6c66 7332 2c20 SO9660, nilfs2, \n-00040980: 5546 5331 2c20 5546 5332 0a61 6e64 205a UFS1, UFS2.and Z\n-00040990: 4653 2061 7265 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 FS are assumed t\n-000409a0: 6f20 6265 2055 5446 2d38 2e20 2054 6869 o be UTF-8. Thi\n-000409b0: 7320 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2066 616c 7365 s might be false\n-000409c0: 206f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 730a 636f 6e66 on systems.conf\n-000409d0: 6967 7572 6564 2077 6974 6820 6c65 6761 igured with lega\n-000409e0: 6379 2063 6861 7273 6574 2062 7574 2061 cy charset but a\n-000409f0: 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6368 s long as the ch\n-00040a00: 6172 7365 7420 7573 6564 2069 730a 7375 arset used is.su\n-00040a10: 7065 7273 6574 206f 6620 4153 4349 4920 perset of ASCII \n-00040a20: 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6162 you should be ab\n-00040a30: 6c65 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2041 5343 le to access ASC\n-00040a40: 4949 2d6e 616d 6564 2066 696c 6573 2e20 II-named files. \n-00040a50: 2041 6e64 0a69 7427 7320 7265 636f 6d6d And.it's recomm\n-00040a60: 656e 6465 6420 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ended to configu\n-00040a70: 7265 2079 6f75 7220 7379 7374 656d 2074 re your system t\n-00040a80: 6f20 7573 6520 5554 462d 3820 746f 2061 o use UTF-8 to a\n-00040a90: 6363 6573 7320 7468 650a 6669 6c65 7379 ccess the.filesy\n-00040aa0: 7374 656d 2c20 636f 6e76 6d76 206d 6179 stem, convmv may\n-00040ab0: 2068 656c 7020 7769 7468 206d 6967 7261 help with migra\n-00040ac0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 534f 3936 3630 2028 tion. ISO9660 (\n-00040ad0: 706c 6169 6e29 2066 696c 656e 616d 6573 plain) filenames\n-00040ae0: 0a61 7265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 .are specified a\n-00040af0: 7320 6265 696e 6720 4153 4349 4920 6f72 s being ASCII or\n-00040b00: 2062 6569 6e67 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 being described\n-00040b10: 2077 6974 6820 756e 7370 6563 6966 6965 with unspecifie\n-00040b20: 6420 6573 6361 7065 0a73 6571 7565 6e63 d escape.sequenc\n-00040b30: 6573 2e20 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 es. GRUB assume\n-00040b40: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2049 534f 3936 s that the ISO96\n-00040b50: 3630 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2055 5446 60 names are UTF\n-00040b60: 2d38 2028 7369 6e63 6520 616e 790a 4153 -8 (since any.AS\n-00040b70: 4349 4920 6973 2076 616c 6964 2055 5446 CII is valid UTF\n-00040b80: 2d38 292e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 -8). There are \n-00040b90: 736f 6d65 206f 6c64 2043 442d 524f 4d73 some old CD-ROMs\n-00040ba0: 2077 6869 6368 2075 7365 2043 5034 3337 which use CP437\n-00040bb0: 2069 6e0a 6e6f 6e2d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e in.non-complian\n-00040bc0: 7420 7761 792e 2020 596f 7527 7265 2073 t way. You're s\n-00040bd0: 7469 6c6c 2061 626c 6520 746f 2061 6363 till able to acc\n-00040be0: 6573 7320 6669 6c65 7320 7769 7468 206e ess files with n\n-00040bf0: 616d 6573 0a63 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 ames.containing \n-00040c00: 6f6e 6c79 2041 5343 4949 2063 6861 7261 only ASCII chara\n-00040c10: 6374 6572 7320 6f6e 2073 7563 6820 6669 cters on such fi\n-00040c20: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6f75 6768 lesystems though\n-00040c30: 2e20 2059 6f75 2772 650a 616c 736f 2061 . You're.also a\n-00040c40: 626c 6520 746f 2061 6363 6573 7320 616e ble to access an\n-00040c50: 7920 6669 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 6669 y file if the fi\n-00040c60: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f6e 7461 696e lesystem contain\n-00040c70: 7320 7661 6c69 6420 4a6f 6c69 6574 0a28 s valid Joliet.(\n-00040c80: 5554 462d 3136 2920 6f72 2052 6f63 6b52 UTF-16) or RockR\n-00040c90: 6964 6765 2028 5554 462d 3829 2e20 2041 idge (UTF-8). A\n-00040ca0: 4646 532c 2053 4653 2061 6e64 2048 4653 FFS, SFS and HFS\n-00040cb0: 206e 6576 6572 2075 7365 2075 6e69 636f never use unico\n-00040cc0: 6465 2061 6e64 0a47 5255 4220 6173 7375 de and.GRUB assu\n-00040cd0: 6d65 7320 7468 656d 2074 6f20 6265 2069 mes them to be i\n-00040ce0: 6e20 4c61 7469 6e31 2c20 4c61 7469 6e31 n Latin1, Latin1\n-00040cf0: 2061 6e64 204d 6163 526f 6d61 6e20 7265 and MacRoman re\n-00040d00: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 4752 5542 spectively..GRUB\n-00040d10: 2068 616e 646c 6573 2066 696c 6573 7973 handles filesys\n-00040d20: 7465 6d20 6361 7365 2d69 6e73 656e 7369 tem case-insensi\n-00040d30: 7469 7669 7479 2068 6f77 6576 6572 206e tivity however n\n-00040d40: 6f20 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6973 0a70 6572 o attempt is.per\n-00040d50: 666f 726d 6564 2061 7420 6361 7365 2063 formed at case c\n-00040d60: 6f6e 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2069 6e74 onversion of int\n-00040d70: 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 2063 6861 7261 ernational chara\n-00040d80: 6374 6572 7320 736f 2065 2e67 2e20 2061 cters so e.g. a\n-00040d90: 2066 696c 650a 6e61 6d65 6420 6c6f 7765 file.named lowe\n-00040da0: 7263 6173 6520 6772 6565 6b20 616c 7068 rcase greek alph\n-00040db0: 6120 6973 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 a is treated as \n-00040dc0: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 different from t\n-00040dd0: 6865 206f 6e65 206e 616d 6564 0a61 7320 he one named.as \n-00040de0: 7570 7065 7263 6173 6520 616c 7068 612e uppercase alpha.\n-00040df0: 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d The filesystem\n-00040e00: 7320 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e73 2061 s in questions a\n-00040e10: 7265 204e 5446 5320 2865 7863 6570 7420 re NTFS (except \n-00040e20: 504f 5349 580a 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 6529 POSIX.namespace)\n-00040e30: 2c20 4846 532b 2028 636f 6e66 6967 7572 , HFS+ (configur\n-00040e40: 6162 6c65 2061 7420 6d6b 6673 2074 696d able at mkfs tim\n-00040e50: 652c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e73 656e e, default insen\n-00040e60: 7369 7469 7665 292c 2053 4653 0a28 636f sitive), SFS.(co\n-00040e70: 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2061 7420 6d6b nfigurable at mk\n-00040e80: 6673 2074 696d 652c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 fs time, default\n-00040e90: 2069 6e73 656e 7369 7469 7665 292c 204a insensitive), J\n-00040ea0: 4653 2028 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 FS (configurable\n-00040eb0: 2061 740a 6d6b 6673 2074 696d 652c 2064 at.mkfs time, d\n-00040ec0: 6566 6175 6c74 2073 656e 7369 7469 7665 efault sensitive\n-00040ed0: 292c 2048 4653 2c20 4146 4653 2c20 4641 ), HFS, AFFS, FA\n-00040ee0: 542c 2065 7846 4154 2061 6e64 205a 4653 T, exFAT and ZFS\n-00040ef0: 0a28 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 206f .(configurable o\n-00040f00: 6e20 7065 722d 7375 6276 6f6c 756d 6520 n per-subvolume \n-00040f10: 6261 7369 7320 6279 2070 726f 7065 7274 basis by propert\n-00040f20: 7920 2263 6173 6573 656e 7369 7469 7669 y \"casesensitivi\n-00040f30: 7479 222c 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 2073 656e ty\",.default sen\n-00040f40: 7369 7469 7665 292e 2020 4f6e 205a 4653 sitive). 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Oth\n-00042030: 6572 2075 6e69 636f 6465 2073 7061 6365 er unicode space\n-00042040: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 730a 6172 656e characters.aren\n-00042050: 2774 2061 2076 616c 6964 2066 6965 6c64 't a valid field\n-00042060: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2e20 20e2 8098 separator. ...\n-00042070: 7465 7374 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 test... (*note t\n-00042080: 6573 743a 3a29 2074 6573 7473 203c 2c20 est::) tests <, \n-00042090: 3e2c 203c 3d2c 0a3e 3d2c 202d 7067 7420 >, <=,.>=, -pgt \n-000420a0: 616e 6420 2d70 6c74 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 and -plt compare\n-000420b0: 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 2069 6e20 the strings in \n-000420c0: 7468 6520 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 the lexicographi\n-000420d0: 6361 6c20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 0a75 6e69 cal order of.uni\n-000420e0: 636f 6465 2063 6f64 6570 6f69 6e74 732c code codepoints,\n-000420f0: 2072 6570 6c69 6361 7469 6e67 2074 6865 replicating the\n-00042100: 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 7465 behaviour of te\n-00042110: 7374 2066 726f 6d20 636f 7265 7574 696c st from coreutil\n-00042120: 732e 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 s..environment v\n-00042130: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d ariables and com\n-00042140: 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6c69 7374 6564 mands are listed\n-00042150: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 206f 7264 in the same ord\n-00042160: 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 er.....File: gru\n-00042170: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 b.info, Node: S\n-00042180: 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ecurity, Next: \n-00042190: 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 Platform limitat\n-000421a0: 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e74 ions, Prev: Int\n-000421b0: 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f ernationalisatio\n-000421c0: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3920 n, Up: Top..19 \n-000421d0: 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Security.*******\n-000421e0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ****..* Menu:..*\n-000421f0: 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 Authentication \n-00042200: 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f and authorisatio\n-00042210: 6e3a 3a20 5573 6572 7320 616e 6420 6163 n:: Users and ac\n-00042220: 6365 7373 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a2a 2055 cess control.* U\n-00042230: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n-00042240: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 natures:: \n-00042250: 2020 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 Booting digita\n-00042260: 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2063 6f64 650a lly signed code.\n-00042270: 2a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f * UEFI secure bo\n-00042280: 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a 3a20 2020 ot and shim:: \n-00042290: 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6967 Booting dig\n-000422a0: 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 5045 itally signed PE\n-000422b0: 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2053 6563 7572 6520 files.* Secure \n-000422c0: 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 Boot Advanced Ta\n-000422d0: 7267 6574 696e 673a 3a20 2020 456d 6265 rgeting:: Embe\n-000422e0: 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e dded information\n-000422f0: 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 for generation \n-00042300: 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 6576 number based rev\n-00042310: 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 4d65 6173 7572 ocation.* Measur\n-00042320: 6564 2042 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ed Boot:: \n-00042330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6561 Mea\n-00042340: 7375 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 suring boot comp\n-00042350: 6f6e 656e 7473 0a2a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 onents.* Lockdow\n-00042360: 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n:: \n-00042370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 636b Lock\n-00042380: 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e down when bootin\n-00042390: 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 7365 g on a secure se\n-000423a0: 7475 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 tup....File: gru\n-000423b0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2041 b.info, Node: A\n-000423c0: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e uthentication an\n-000423d0: 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c d authorisation,\n-000423e0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 Next: Using di\n-000423f0: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n-00042400: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a , Up: Security.\n-00042410: 0a31 392e 3120 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 .19.1 Authentica\n-00042420: 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 tion and authori\n-00042430: 7361 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d sation in GRUB.=\n-00042440: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0003f100: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 556e 666f 7274 756e ======..Unfortun\n+0003f110: 6174 656c 792c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 2047 ately, not all G\n+0003f120: 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 RUB commands are\n+0003f130: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 6174 2074 documented at t\n+0003f140: 6869 7320 7469 6d65 2064 7565 2074 6f0a his time due to.\n+0003f150: 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 7265 736f 7572 developer resour\n+0003f160: 6365 2063 6f6e 7374 7261 696e 7473 2e20 ce constraints. \n+0003f170: 204f 6e65 2077 6179 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 One way to cont\n+0003f180: 7269 6275 7465 2062 6163 6b20 746f 2074 ribute back to t\n+0003f190: 6865 2047 5255 420a 7072 6f6a 6563 7420 he GRUB.project \n+0003f1a0: 776f 756c 6420 6265 2074 6f20 6865 6c70 would be to help\n+0003f1b0: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 7468 6573 6520 document these \n+0003f1c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 616e 6420 7375 commands, and su\n+0003f1d0: 626d 6974 2070 6174 6368 6573 206f 720a bmit patches or.\n+0003f1e0: 6964 6561 7320 746f 2074 6865 206d 6169 ideas to the mai\n+0003f1f0: 6c69 6e67 206c 6973 742e 2020 5468 6520 ling list. The \n+0003f200: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 2028 following is a (\n+0003f210: 6d6f 7374 206c 696b 656c 7920 696e 636f most likely inco\n+0003f220: 6d70 6c65 7465 290a 6c69 7374 206f 6620 mplete).list of \n+0003f230: 756e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 206f 7220 undocumented or \n+0003f240: 706f 6f72 6c79 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7465 poorly documente\n+0003f250: 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 6e64 206e d commands and n\n+0003f260: 6f74 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 656d 0a61 ot all of them.a\n+0003f270: 7265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2066 6f72 2061 re allowed for a\n+0003f280: 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2052 ll platforms. R\n+0003f290: 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 unning the comma\n+0003f2a0: 6e64 2068 656c 7020 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 nd help from wit\n+0003f2b0: 6869 6e20 7468 650a 4752 5542 2073 6865 hin the.GRUB she\n+0003f2c0: 6c6c 206d 6179 2070 726f 7669 6465 206d ll may provide m\n+0003f2d0: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ore information \n+0003f2e0: 6f6e 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 616e on parameters an\n+0003f2f0: 6420 7573 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 d usage... ...\n+0003f300: 20e2 8098 616c 6c5f 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e ...all_function\n+0003f310: 616c 5f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2052 756e al_test... - Run\n+0003f320: 2061 6c6c 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 all functional \n+0003f330: 7465 7374 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 tests.. ... ..\n+0003f340: 9862 6163 6b74 7261 6365 e280 9920 2d20 .backtrace... - \n+0003f350: 5072 696e 7420 6261 636b 7472 6163 652e Print backtrace.\n+0003f360: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9862 6f6f 7474 . ... ...boott\n+0003f370: 696d 65e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 626f ime... - Show bo\n+0003f380: 6f74 2074 696d 6520 7374 6174 6973 7469 ot time statisti\n+0003f390: 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6361 cs.. ... ...ca\n+0003f3a0: 6368 6569 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 2047 6574 cheinfo... - Get\n+0003f3b0: 2064 6973 6b20 6361 6368 6520 696e 666f disk cache info\n+0003f3c0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6362 6d65 .. ... ...cbme\n+0003f3d0: 6d63 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2043 424d mc... - Show CBM\n+0003f3e0: 454d 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2063 6f6e 7465 EM console conte\n+0003f3f0: 6e74 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 636d nt.. ... ...cm\n+0003f400: 6f73 7365 74e2 8099 202d 2053 6574 2062 osset... - Set b\n+0003f410: 6974 2061 7420 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2069 it at BYTE:BIT i\n+0003f420: 6e20 434d 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 n CMOS.. ... .\n+0003f430: 8098 636f 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 ..coreboot_boott\n+0003f440: 696d 65e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 636f ime... - Show co\n+0003f450: 7265 626f 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 reboot boot time\n+0003f460: 2073 7461 7469 7374 6963 732e 0a20 2020 statistics.. \n+0003f470: e280 a220 e280 9864 756d 70e2 8099 202d ... ...dump... -\n+0003f480: 2053 686f 7720 6d65 6d6f 7279 2063 6f6e Show memory con\n+0003f490: 7465 6e74 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 tents.. ... ..\n+0003f4a0: 9865 6669 656d 755f 6c6f 6164 636f 7265 .efiemu_loadcore\n+0003f4b0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e64 2069 ... - Load and i\n+0003f4c0: 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 4546 4920 656d nitialize EFI em\n+0003f4d0: 756c 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ulator.. ... .\n+0003f4e0: 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f70 7265 7061 7265 ..efiemu_prepare\n+0003f4f0: e280 9920 2d20 4669 6e61 6c69 7a65 206c ... - Finalize l\n+0003f500: 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 4546 4920 656d oading of EFI em\n+0003f510: 756c 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ulator.. ... .\n+0003f520: 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f75 6e6c 6f61 64e2 ..efiemu_unload.\n+0003f530: 8099 202d 2055 6e6c 6f61 6420 4546 4920 .. - Unload EFI \n+0003f540: 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 emulator.. ...\n+0003f550: 20e2 8098 6578 6974 e280 9920 2d20 4578 ...exit... - Ex\n+0003f560: 6974 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a 2020 it from GRUB.. \n+0003f570: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f ... ...extract_\n+0003f580: 656e 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 entries_configfi\n+0003f590: 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e6f le... - Load ano\n+0003f5a0: 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 ther config file\n+0003f5b0: 2062 7574 2074 616b 650a 2020 2020 206f but take. o\n+0003f5c0: 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 nly menu entries\n+0003f5d0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 .. ... ...extr\n+0003f5e0: 6163 745f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 act_entries_sour\n+0003f5f0: 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e6f ce... - Load ano\n+0003f600: 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 ther config file\n+0003f610: 2077 6974 686f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6368 without. ch\n+0003f620: 616e 6769 6e67 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2062 anging context b\n+0003f630: 7574 2074 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e ut take only men\n+0003f640: 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a20 2020 e280 u entries.. ..\n+0003f650: a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f6c 6567 . ...extract_leg\n+0003f660: 6163 795f 656e 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 acy_entries_conf\n+0003f670: 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 igfile... - Pars\n+0003f680: 6520 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 e legacy config \n+0003f690: 696e 206e 6577 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 in new. cont\n+0003f6a0: 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 ext taking only \n+0003f6b0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 menu entries. \n+0003f6c0: e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f6c ... ...extract_l\n+0003f6d0: 6567 6163 795f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f egacy_entries_so\n+0003f6e0: 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 urce... - Parse \n+0003f6f0: 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e legacy config in\n+0003f700: 2073 616d 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 same. conte\n+0003f710: 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d xt taking only m\n+0003f720: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 enu entries. .\n+0003f730: 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 7379 .. ...extract_sy\n+0003f740: 736c 696e 7578 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 slinux_entries_c\n+0003f750: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2045 onfigfile... - E\n+0003f760: 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 xecute syslinux \n+0003f770: 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 206e config in. n\n+0003f780: 6577 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e ew context takin\n+0003f790: 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 g only menu entr\n+0003f7a0: 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 ies. ... ...ex\n+0003f7b0: 7472 6163 745f 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f65 tract_syslinux_e\n+0003f7c0: 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 ntries_source...\n+0003f7d0: 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 - Execute sysli\n+0003f7e0: 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 nux config in sa\n+0003f7f0: 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 me. context \n+0003f800: 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 taking only menu\n+0003f810: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 entries. ... \n+0003f820: e280 9866 616b 6562 696f 73e2 8099 202d ...fakebios... -\n+0003f830: 2043 7265 6174 6520 4249 4f53 2d6c 696b Create BIOS-lik\n+0003f840: 6520 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2066 6f72 e structures for\n+0003f850: 2062 6163 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 backward compat\n+0003f860: 6962 696c 6974 790a 2020 2020 2077 6974 ibility. wit\n+0003f870: 6820 6578 6973 7469 6e67 204f 532e 0a20 h existing OS.. \n+0003f880: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 696c 65e2 8099 ... ...file...\n+0003f890: 202d 2043 6865 636b 2069 6620 4649 4c45 - Check if FILE\n+0003f8a0: 2069 7320 6f66 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 is of specified\n+0003f8b0: 2074 7970 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 type.. ... ..\n+0003f8c0: 9866 6978 5f76 6964 656f e280 9920 2d20 .fix_video... - \n+0003f8d0: 4669 7820 7669 6465 6f20 7072 6f62 6c65 Fix video proble\n+0003f8e0: 6d2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 7073 m.. ... ...fps\n+0003f8f0: 7761 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 wa... - Display \n+0003f900: 4650 5357 4120 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 0a20 FPSWA version.. \n+0003f910: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 756e 6374 696f ... ...functio\n+0003f920: 6e61 6c5f 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5275 nal_test... - Ru\n+0003f930: 6e20 616c 6c20 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 756e n all loaded fun\n+0003f940: 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 7374 732e 0a20 ctional tests.. \n+0003f950: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 ... ...gdbstub\n+0003f960: 5f62 7265 616b e280 9920 2d20 4272 6561 _break... - Brea\n+0003f970: 6b20 696e 746f 2047 4442 0a20 2020 e280 k into GDB. ..\n+0003f980: a220 e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 e280 9920 . ...gdbstub... \n+0003f990: 2d20 5374 6172 7420 4744 4220 7374 7562 - Start GDB stub\n+0003f9a0: 206f 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 706f 7274 0a20 on given port. \n+0003f9b0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 ... ...gdbstub\n+0003f9c0: 5f73 746f 70e2 8099 202d 2053 746f 7020 _stop... - Stop \n+0003f9d0: 4744 4220 7374 7562 0a20 2020 e280 a220 GDB stub. ... \n+0003f9e0: e280 9868 6470 6172 6de2 8099 202d 2047 ...hdparm... - G\n+0003f9f0: 6574 2f73 6574 2041 5441 2064 6973 6b20 et/set ATA disk \n+0003fa00: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 20e2 parameters.. .\n+0003fa10: 80a2 20e2 8098 6865 7864 756d 705f 7261 .. ...hexdump_ra\n+0003fa20: 6e64 6f6d e280 9920 2d20 4865 7864 756d ndom... - Hexdum\n+0003fa30: 7020 7261 6e64 6f6d 2064 6174 612e 0a20 p random data.. \n+0003fa40: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e62 e280 9920 ... ...inb... \n+0003fa50: 2d20 5265 6164 2038 2d62 6974 2076 616c - Read 8-bit val\n+0003fa60: 7565 2066 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 ue from PORT.. \n+0003fa70: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 6ce2 8099 202d ... ...inl... -\n+0003fa80: 2052 6561 6420 3332 2d62 6974 2076 616c Read 32-bit val\n+0003fa90: 7565 2066 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 ue from PORT.. \n+0003faa0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 77e2 8099 202d ... ...inw... -\n+0003fab0: 2052 6561 6420 3136 2d62 6974 2076 616c Read 16-bit val\n+0003fac0: 7565 2066 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 ue from PORT.. \n+0003fad0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6a70 6567 7465 7374 ... ...jpegtest\n+0003fae0: e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 ... - Tests load\n+0003faf0: 696e 6720 6f66 204a 5045 4720 6269 746d ing of JPEG bitm\n+0003fb00: 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b65 ap.. ... ...ke\n+0003fb10: 796d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 ymap... - Load a\n+0003fb20: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6c61 796f 7574 keyboard layout\n+0003fb30: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 .. ... ...lega\n+0003fb40: 6379 5f63 6865 636b 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 cy_check_passwor\n+0003fb50: 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 d... - Simulate \n+0003fb60: 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2770 6173 grub-legacy 'pas\n+0003fb70: 7377 6f72 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 sword' command. \n+0003fb80: 2020 2020 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 in menu entr\n+0003fb90: 7920 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 y mode. ... ..\n+0003fba0: 986c 6567 6163 795f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 .legacy_configfi\n+0003fbb0: 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 le... - Parse le\n+0003fbc0: 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 206e gacy config in n\n+0003fbd0: 6577 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 ew context. ..\n+0003fbe0: a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 7061 7373 . ...legacy_pass\n+0003fbf0: 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 word... - Simula\n+0003fc00: 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 te grub-legacy '\n+0003fc10: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e password' comman\n+0003fc20: 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 d. ... ...lega\n+0003fc30: 6379 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2050 cy_source... - P\n+0003fc40: 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 arse legacy conf\n+0003fc50: 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 ig in same conte\n+0003fc60: 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6f61 xt. ... ...loa\n+0003fc70: 6462 696f 73e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 dbios... - Load \n+0003fc80: 4249 4f53 2064 756d 702e 0a20 2020 e280 BIOS dump.. ..\n+0003fc90: a220 e280 986c 7361 6370 69e2 8099 202d . ...lsacpi... -\n+0003fca0: 2053 686f 7720 4143 5049 2069 6e66 6f72 Show ACPI infor\n+0003fcb0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 mation.. ... .\n+0003fcc0: 8098 6c73 6170 6de2 8099 202d 2053 686f ..lsapm... - Sho\n+0003fcd0: 7720 4150 4d20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f w APM informatio\n+0003fce0: 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7363 n.. ... ...lsc\n+0003fcf0: 6f72 6562 6f6f 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 oreboot... - Lis\n+0003fd00: 7420 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2074 6162 6c65 t coreboot table\n+0003fd10: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7364 s.. ... ...lsd\n+0003fd20: 6576 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2064 6576 ev... - List dev\n+0003fd30: 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ices.. ... ...\n+0003fd40: 6c73 6566 69e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c lsefi... - Displ\n+0003fd50: 6179 2045 4649 2068 616e 646c 6573 2e0a ay EFI handles..\n+0003fd60: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 696d ... ...lsefim\n+0003fd70: 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 map... - Display\n+0003fd80: 2045 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 702e EFI memory map.\n+0003fd90: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 . ... ...lsefi\n+0003fda0: 7379 7374 6162 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 systab... - Disp\n+0003fdb0: 6c61 7920 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d 2074 lay EFI system t\n+0003fdc0: 6162 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ables.. ... ..\n+0003fdd0: 986c 736d 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 .lsmmap... - Lis\n+0003fde0: 7420 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2070 726f t memory map pro\n+0003fdf0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 6172 vided by firmwar\n+0003fe00: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7370 e.. ... ...lsp\n+0003fe10: 6369 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2050 4349 ci... - List PCI\n+0003fe20: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 devices.. ...\n+0003fe30: 20e2 8098 6c73 7361 6ce2 8099 202d 2044 ...lssal... - D\n+0003fe40: 6973 706c 6179 2053 414c 2073 7973 7465 isplay SAL syste\n+0003fe50: 6d20 7461 626c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 m table.. ... \n+0003fe60: e280 986c 7373 7064 e280 9920 2d20 5072 ...lsspd... - Pr\n+0003fe70: 696e 7420 4d65 6d6f 7279 2069 6e66 6f72 int Memory infor\n+0003fe80: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 mation.. ... .\n+0003fe90: 8098 6d61 6370 7063 626c 6573 73e2 8099 ..macppcbless...\n+0003fea0: 202d 2042 6c65 7373 2044 4952 206f 6620 - Bless DIR of \n+0003feb0: 4846 5320 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 7061 7274 HFS or HFS+ part\n+0003fec0: 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 5050 4320 6d61 ition for PPC ma\n+0003fed0: 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d61 cs.. ... ...ma\n+0003fee0: 6374 656c 626c 6573 73e2 8099 202d 2042 ctelbless... - B\n+0003fef0: 6c65 7373 2046 494c 4520 6f66 2048 4653 less FILE of HFS\n+0003ff00: 206f 7220 4846 532b 2070 6172 7469 7469 or HFS+ partiti\n+0003ff10: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 6e74 656c 206d 6163 on for intel mac\n+0003ff20: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986e 6574 s.. ... ...net\n+0003ff30: 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6ee2 8099 202d 2053 _set_vlan... - S\n+0003ff40: 6574 2061 6e20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 et an interface'\n+0003ff50: 7320 766c 616e 2069 642e 0a20 2020 e280 s vlan id.. ..\n+0003ff60: a220 e280 986f 7574 62e2 8099 202d 2057 . ...outb... - W\n+0003ff70: 7269 7465 2038 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 rite 8-bit VALUE\n+0003ff80: 2074 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 to PORT.. ...\n+0003ff90: 20e2 8098 6f75 746c e280 9920 2d20 5772 ...outl... - Wr\n+0003ffa0: 6974 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 ite 32-bit VALUE\n+0003ffb0: 2074 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 to PORT.. ...\n+0003ffc0: 20e2 8098 6f75 7477 e280 9920 2d20 5772 ...outw... - Wr\n+0003ffd0: 6974 6520 3136 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 ite 16-bit VALUE\n+0003ffe0: 2074 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 to PORT.. ...\n+0003fff0: 20e2 8098 7063 6964 756d 70e2 8099 202d ...pcidump... -\n+00040000: 2053 686f 7720 7261 7720 6475 6d70 206f Show raw dump o\n+00040010: 6620 7468 6520 5043 4920 636f 6e66 6967 f the PCI config\n+00040020: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7370 6163 652e 0a20 uration space.. \n+00040030: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 6e67 7465 7374 ... ...pngtest\n+00040040: e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 ... - Tests load\n+00040050: 696e 6720 6f66 2050 4e47 2062 6974 6d61 ing of PNG bitma\n+00040060: 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 p.. ... ...rea\n+00040070: 645f 6279 7465 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 d_byte... - Read\n+00040080: 2038 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 8-bit value fro\n+00040090: 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 m ADDR.. ... .\n+000400a0: 8098 7265 6164 5f64 776f 7264 e280 9920 ..read_dword... \n+000400b0: 2d20 5265 6164 2033 322d 6269 7420 7661 - Read 32-bit va\n+000400c0: 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 lue from ADDR.. \n+000400d0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 645f 776f ... ...read_wo\n+000400e0: 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2031 362d rd... - Read 16-\n+000400f0: 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 bit value from A\n+00040100: 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 DDR.. ... ...s\n+00040110: 6574 7063 69e2 8099 202d 204d 616e 6970 etpci... - Manip\n+00040120: 756c 6174 6520 5043 4920 6465 7669 6365 ulate PCI device\n+00040130: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 7573 s.. ... ...sus\n+00040140: 7065 6e64 e280 9920 2d20 5265 7475 726e pend... - Return\n+00040150: 2074 6f20 4945 4545 3132 3735 2070 726f to IEEE1275 pro\n+00040160: 6d70 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 mpt.. ... ...s\n+00040170: 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 yslinux_configfi\n+00040180: 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 le... - Execute \n+00040190: 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 syslinux config \n+000401a0: 696e 206e 6577 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 in new context. \n+000401b0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 7973 6c69 6e75 ... ...syslinu\n+000401c0: 785f 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4578 x_source... - Ex\n+000401d0: 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 ecute syslinux c\n+000401e0: 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f onfig in same co\n+000401f0: 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ntext. ... ...\n+00040200: 7465 7374 5f62 6c6f 636b 6172 67e2 8099 test_blockarg...\n+00040210: 202d 2050 7269 6e74 2061 6e64 2065 7865 - Print and exe\n+00040220: 6375 7465 2062 6c6f 636b 2061 7267 756d cute block argum\n+00040230: 656e 742e 2c20 300a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ent., 0. ... .\n+00040240: 8098 7465 7374 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 ..testload... - \n+00040250: 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6669 Load the same fi\n+00040260: 6c65 2069 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2077 le in multiple w\n+00040270: 6179 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 ays.. ... ...t\n+00040280: 6573 7473 7065 6564 e280 9920 2d20 5465 estspeed... - Te\n+00040290: 7374 2066 696c 6520 7265 6164 2073 7065 st file read spe\n+000402a0: 6564 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7467 ed.. ... ...tg\n+000402b0: 6174 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 atest... - Tests\n+000402c0: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 5447 4120 loading of TGA \n+000402d0: 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 bitmap.. ... .\n+000402e0: 8098 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 4d65 6173 ..time... - Meas\n+000402f0: 7572 6520 7469 6d65 2075 7365 6420 6279 ure time used by\n+00040300: 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 0a20 2020 e280 a220 COMMAND. ... \n+00040310: e280 9874 72e2 8099 202d 2054 7261 6e73 ...tr... - Trans\n+00040320: 6c61 7465 2053 4554 3120 6368 6172 6163 late SET1 charac\n+00040330: 7465 7273 2074 6f20 5345 5432 2069 6e20 ters to SET2 in \n+00040340: 5354 5249 4e47 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 STRING.. ... .\n+00040350: 8098 7573 62e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 ..usb... - Test \n+00040360: 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a20 2020 USB support.. \n+00040370: e280 a220 e280 9876 6265 696e 666f e280 ... ...vbeinfo..\n+00040380: 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 . - List availab\n+00040390: 6c65 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 le video modes. \n+000403a0: 2049 6620 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 If resolution i\n+000403b0: 7320 6769 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 2073 686f s given. sho\n+000403c0: 7720 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f64 6573 206d 6174 w only modes mat\n+000403d0: 6368 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ching it.. ...\n+000403e0: 20e2 8098 7662 6574 6573 74e2 8099 202d ...vbetest... -\n+000403f0: 2054 6573 7420 7669 6465 6f20 7375 6273 Test video subs\n+00040400: 7973 7465 6d2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ystem.. ... ..\n+00040410: 9876 6964 656f 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 .videotest... - \n+00040420: 5465 7374 2076 6964 656f 2073 7562 7379 Test video subsy\n+00040430: 7374 656d 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 2057 7848 stem in mode WxH\n+00040440: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 .. ... ...writ\n+00040450: 655f 6279 7465 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 e_byte... - Writ\n+00040460: 6520 382d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f e 8-bit VALUE to\n+00040470: 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ADDR.. ... ..\n+00040480: 9877 7269 7465 5f64 776f 7264 e280 9920 .write_dword... \n+00040490: 2d20 5772 6974 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2056 - Write 32-bit V\n+000404a0: 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 ALUE to ADDR.. \n+000404b0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f 776f ... ...write_wo\n+000404c0: 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 3136 rd... - Write 16\n+000404d0: 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 -bit VALUE to AD\n+000404e0: 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 DR.. ... ...xe\n+000404f0: 6e5f 6361 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 n_cat... - List \n+00040500: 5865 6e20 7374 6f72 6167 652e 0a20 2020 Xen storage.. \n+00040510: e280 a220 e280 9878 656e 5f6c 73e2 8099 ... ...xen_ls...\n+00040520: 202d 204c 6973 7420 5865 6e20 7374 6f72 - List Xen stor\n+00040530: 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 age.. ... ...x\n+00040540: 6e75 5f64 6576 7072 6f70 5f6c 6f61 64e2 nu_devprop_load.\n+00040550: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 2764 6576 6963 .. - Load 'devic\n+00040560: 652d 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2720 6475 e-properties' du\n+00040570: 6d70 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e mp.. ... ...xn\n+00040580: 755f 7575 6964 e280 9920 2d20 5472 616e u_uuid... - Tran\n+00040590: 7366 6f72 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 2055 5549 sform 64-bit UUI\n+000405a0: 4420 746f 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 7375 6974 D to format suit\n+000405b0: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2058 4e55 2e20 4966 able for XNU. If\n+000405c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2d6c 2069 7320 6769 7665 . -l is give\n+000405d0: 6e20 6b65 6570 2069 7420 6c6f 7765 7263 n keep it lowerc\n+000405e0: 6173 6520 6173 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 2062 ase as done by b\n+000405f0: 6c6b 6964 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 lkid.. ... ...\n+00040600: 7a66 732d 626f 6f74 6673 e280 9920 2d20 zfs-bootfs... - \n+00040610: 5072 696e 7420 5a46 532d 424f 4f54 4653 Print ZFS-BOOTFS\n+00040620: 4f42 4a20 6f72 2073 746f 7265 2069 7420 OBJ or store it \n+00040630: 696e 746f 2056 4152 4941 424c 450a 2020 into VARIABLE. \n+00040640: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 7369 6e66 6fe2 ... ...zfsinfo.\n+00040650: 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 205a 4653 2069 .. - Print ZFS i\n+00040660: 6e66 6f20 6162 6f75 7420 4445 5649 4345 nfo about DEVICE\n+00040670: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 736b .. ... ...zfsk\n+00040680: 6579 e280 9920 2d20 496d 706f 7274 205a ey... - Import Z\n+00040690: 4653 2077 7261 7070 696e 6720 6b65 7920 FS wrapping key \n+000406a0: 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e0a stored in FILE..\n+000406b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000406c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 fo, Node: Inter\n+000406d0: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e2c nationalisation,\n+000406e0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 Next: Security\n+000406f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 , Prev: Command\n+00040700: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3820 s, Up: Top..18 \n+00040710: 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 Internationalisa\n+00040720: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tion.***********\n+00040730: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 3138 ************..18\n+00040740: 2e31 2043 6861 7273 6574 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d .1 Charset.=====\n+00040750: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7573 =======..GRUB us\n+00040760: 6573 2055 5446 2d38 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 es UTF-8 interna\n+00040770: 6c6c 7920 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e 2069 lly other than i\n+00040780: 6e20 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7768 6572 n rendering wher\n+00040790: 6520 736f 6d65 0a47 5255 422d 7370 6563 e some.GRUB-spec\n+000407a0: 6966 6963 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 ific appropriate\n+000407b0: 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 representation \n+000407c0: 6973 2075 7365 642e 2020 416c 6c20 7465 is used. All te\n+000407d0: 7874 2066 696c 6573 0a28 696e 636c 7564 xt files.(includ\n+000407e0: 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2920 6172 6520 ing config) are \n+000407f0: 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 656e assumed to be en\n+00040800: 636f 6465 6420 696e 2055 5446 2d38 2e0a coded in UTF-8..\n+00040810: 0a31 382e 3220 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d .18.2 Filesystem\n+00040820: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+00040830: 3d3d 0a0a 4e54 4653 2c20 4a46 532c 2055 ==..NTFS, JFS, U\n+00040840: 4446 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 6578 4641 542c DF, HFS+, exFAT,\n+00040850: 206c 6f6e 6720 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 7320 long filenames \n+00040860: 696e 2046 4154 2c20 4a6f 6c69 6574 2070 in FAT, Joliet p\n+00040870: 6172 7420 6f66 0a49 534f 3936 3630 2061 art of.ISO9660 a\n+00040880: 7265 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 5554 re treated as UT\n+00040890: 462d 3136 2061 7320 7065 7220 7370 6563 F-16 as per spec\n+000408a0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4146 5320 ification. AFS \n+000408b0: 616e 6420 4246 5320 6172 650a 7265 6164 and BFS are.read\n+000408c0: 2061 7320 5554 462d 382c 2061 6761 696e as UTF-8, again\n+000408d0: 2061 6363 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7370 according to sp\n+000408e0: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4274 ecification. 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In pra\n+00041a80: 6374 6963 6520 6974 206d 616b 6573 2064 ctice it makes d\n+00041a90: 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f0a 656e 7465 ifficult to.ente\n+00041aa0: 7220 616e 7920 7465 7874 2075 7369 6e67 r any text using\n+00041ab0: 206e 6f6e 2d4c 6174 696e 2061 6c70 6861 non-Latin alpha\n+00041ac0: 6265 742e 2020 4d6f 7265 6f76 6572 2061 bet. Moreover a\n+00041ad0: 6c6c 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2069 6e70 7574 ll current input\n+00041ae0: 0a63 6f6e 7375 6d65 7273 2061 7265 206c .consumers are l\n+00041af0: 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 4153 4349 492e imited to ASCII.\n+00041b00: 0a0a 3138 2e35 2047 6574 7465 7874 0a3d ..18.5 Gettext.=\n+00041b10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 ===========..GRU\n+00041b20: 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2062 6569 6e67 B supports being\n+00041b30: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 642e 2020 466f translated. 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and aut\n+00042430: 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 4752 horisation in GR\n+00042440: 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d UB.=============\n 00042450: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00042460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4279 ============..By\n-00042470: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 626f default, the bo\n-00042480: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 696e 7465 7266 ot loader interf\n-00042490: 6163 6520 6973 2061 6363 6573 7369 626c ace is accessibl\n-000424a0: 6520 746f 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 e to anyone with\n-000424b0: 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6163 6365 7373 .physical access\n-000424c0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 653a to the console:\n-000424d0: 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 7365 6c65 anyone can sele\n-000424e0: 6374 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7420 616e 7920 ct and edit any \n-000424f0: 6d65 6e75 0a65 6e74 7279 2c20 616e 6420 menu.entry, and \n-00042500: 616e 796f 6e65 2063 616e 2067 6574 2064 anyone can get d\n-00042510: 6972 6563 7420 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For.most s\n-00042540: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 2069 7320 ystems, this is \n-00042550: 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2073 696e 6365 reasonable since\n-00042560: 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2064 6972 anyone with dir\n-00042570: 6563 7420 7068 7973 6963 616c 0a61 6363 ect physical.acc\n-00042580: 6573 7320 6861 7320 6120 7661 7269 6574 ess has a variet\n-00042590: 7920 6f66 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 7320 y of other ways \n-000425a0: 746f 2067 6169 6e20 6675 6c6c 2061 6363 to gain full acc\n-000425b0: 6573 732c 2061 6e64 2072 6571 7569 7269 ess, and requiri\n-000425c0: 6e67 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f ng.authenticatio\n-000425d0: 6e20 6174 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f n at the boot lo\n-000425e0: 6164 6572 206c 6576 656c 2077 6f75 6c64 ader level would\n-000425f0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7365 7276 6520 746f 206d only serve to m\n-00042600: 616b 6520 6974 0a64 6966 6669 6375 6c74 ake it.difficult\n-00042610: 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 7220 6272 6f6b to recover brok\n-00042620: 656e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 en systems... \n-00042630: 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 6e20 736f 6d65 However, in some\n-00042640: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 732c 2073 environments, s\n-00042650: 7563 6820 6173 206b 696f 736b 732c 2069 uch as kiosks, i\n-00042660: 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 t may be appropr\n-00042670: 6961 7465 0a74 6f20 6c6f 636b 2064 6f77 iate.to lock dow\n-00042680: 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 n the boot loade\n-00042690: 7220 746f 2072 6571 7569 7265 2061 7574 r to require aut\n-000426a0: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6265 666f hentication befo\n-000426b0: 7265 2070 6572 666f 726d 696e 670a 6365 re performing.ce\n-000426c0: 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 rtain operations\n-000426d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 9870 6173 ... The ...pas\n-000426e0: 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 sword... (*note \n-000426f0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 password::) and \n-00042700: e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 ...password_pbkd\n-00042710: 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a70 6173 f2... (*note.pas\n-00042720: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 sword_pbkdf2::) \n-00042730: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 616e 2062 6520 commands can be \n-00042740: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6669 6e65 2075 used to define u\n-00042750: 7365 7273 2c20 6561 6368 206f 6620 7768 sers, each of wh\n-00042760: 6963 680a 6861 7320 616e 2061 7373 6f63 ich.has an assoc\n-00042770: 6961 7465 6420 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e20 iated password. \n-00042780: 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 ...password... \n-00042790: 7365 7473 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 sets the passwor\n-000427a0: 6420 696e 2070 6c61 696e 2074 6578 742c d in plain text,\n-000427b0: 0a72 6571 7569 7269 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 .requiring ...gr\n-000427c0: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 746f 2062 6520 ub.cfg... to be \n-000427d0: 7365 6375 7265 3b20 e280 9870 6173 7377 secure; ...passw\n-000427e0: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 7365 ord_pbkdf2... se\n-000427f0: 7473 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a ts the password.\n-00042800: 6861 7368 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 hashed using the\n-00042810: 2050 6173 7377 6f72 642d 4261 7365 6420 Password-Based \n-00042820: 4b65 7920 4465 7269 7661 7469 6f6e 2046 Key Derivation F\n-00042830: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 2852 4643 2032 3839 unction (RFC 289\n-00042840: 3829 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 696e 6720 7468 8),.requiring th\n-00042850: 6520 7573 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 6772 7562 e use of ...grub\n-00042860: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n-00042870: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n-00042880: 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing.grub-mkpassw\n-00042890: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 d-pbkdf2::) to g\n-000428a0: 656e 6572 6174 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 enerate password\n-000428b0: 2068 6173 6865 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 hashes... In \n-000428c0: 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 order to enable \n-000428d0: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 authentication s\n-000428e0: 7570 706f 7274 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9873 upport, the ...s\n-000428f0: 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 0a65 6e76 uperusers....env\n-00042900: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00042910: 6520 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f e must be set to\n-00042920: 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 7365 726e a list of usern\n-00042930: 616d 6573 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 ames, separated \n-00042940: 6279 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 7370 6163 6573 by.any of spaces\n-00042950: 2c20 636f 6d6d 6173 2c20 7365 6d69 636f , commas, semico\n-00042960: 6c6f 6e73 2c20 7069 7065 732c 206f 7220 lons, pipes, or \n-00042970: 616d 7065 7273 616e 6473 2e20 2053 7570 ampersands. Sup\n-00042980: 6572 7573 6572 7320 6172 650a 7065 726d erusers are.perm\n-00042990: 6974 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 itted to use the\n-000429a0: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 GRUB command li\n-000429b0: 6e65 2c20 6564 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e ne, edit menu en\n-000429c0: 7472 6965 732c 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 tries, and execu\n-000429d0: 7465 0a61 6e79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 te.any menu entr\n-000429e0: 792e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 y. If ...superu\n-000429f0: 7365 7273 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2c20 sers... is set, \n-00042a00: 7468 656e 2075 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 then use of the \n-00042a10: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 0a61 6e64 command line.and\n-00042a20: 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 editing of menu\n-00042a30: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2061 7265 2061 7574 entries are aut\n-00042a40: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 6573 7472 omatically restr\n-00042a50: 6963 7465 6420 746f 2073 7570 6572 7573 icted to superus\n-00042a60: 6572 732e 0a53 6574 7469 6e67 20e2 8098 ers..Setting ...\n-00042a70: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 746f superusers... to\n-00042a80: 2065 6d70 7479 2073 7472 696e 6720 6566 empty string ef\n-00042a90: 6665 6374 6976 656c 7920 6469 7361 626c fectively disabl\n-00042aa0: 6573 2062 6f74 6820 6163 6365 7373 2074 es both access t\n-00042ab0: 6f0a 434c 4920 616e 6420 6564 6974 696e o.CLI and editin\n-00042ac0: 6720 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 g of menu entrie\n-00042ad0: 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 656e s. Note: The en\n-00042ae0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00042af0: 6c65 206e 6565 6473 0a74 6f20 6265 2065 le needs.to be e\n-00042b00: 7870 6f72 7465 6420 746f 2061 6c73 6f20 xported to also \n-00042b10: 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 7469 affect the secti\n-00042b20: 6f6e 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 7920 7468 on defined by th\n-00042b30: 6520 e280 9873 7562 6d65 6e75 e280 990a e ...submenu....\n-00042b40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 command (*note s\n-00042b50: 7562 6d65 6e75 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 204f ubmenu::)... O\n-00042b60: 7468 6572 2075 7365 7273 206d 6179 2062 ther users may b\n-00042b70: 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2065 7865 e allowed to exe\n-00042b80: 6375 7465 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d65 cute specific me\n-00042b90: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2062 7920 6769 nu entries by gi\n-00042ba0: 7669 6e67 0a61 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 ving.a list of u\n-00042bb0: 7365 726e 616d 6573 2028 6173 2061 626f sernames (as abo\n-00042bc0: 7665 2920 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 ve) using the ..\n-00042bd0: 982d 2d75 7365 7273 e280 9920 6f70 7469 .--users... opti\n-00042be0: 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 650a e280 986d 656e on to the....men\n-00042bf0: 7565 6e74 7279 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e uentry... comman\n-00042c00: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d 656e 7565 6e74 d (*note menuent\n-00042c10: 7279 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 ry::). If the .\n-00042c20: 8098 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 ..--unrestricted\n-00042c30: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a69 7320 7573 ... option.is us\n-00042c40: 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e ed for a menu en\n-00042c50: 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 try, then that e\n-00042c60: 6e74 7279 2069 7320 756e 7265 7374 7269 ntry is unrestri\n-00042c70: 6374 6564 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a e280 cted. If the...\n-00042c80: 982d 2d75 7365 7273 e280 9920 6f70 7469 .--users... opti\n-00042c90: 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 6564 2066 on is not used f\n-00042ca0: 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c or a menu entry,\n-00042cb0: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 then that only \n-00042cc0: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 0a61 7265 2061 superusers.are a\n-00042cd0: 626c 6520 746f 2075 7365 2069 742e 0a0a ble to use it...\n-00042ce0: 2020 2050 7574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 Putting this \n-00042cf0: 746f 6765 7468 6572 2c20 6120 7479 7069 together, a typi\n-00042d00: 6361 6c20 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 cal ...grub.cfg.\n-00042d10: 8099 2066 7261 676d 656e 7420 6d69 6768 .. fragment migh\n-00042d20: 7420 6c6f 6f6b 206c 696b 650a 7468 6973 t look like.this\n-00042d30: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7375 7065 :.. set supe\n-00042d40: 7275 7365 7273 3d22 726f 6f74 220a 2020 rusers=\"root\". \n-00042d50: 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 password_pbkd\n-00042d60: 6632 2072 6f6f 7420 6772 7562 2e70 626b f2 root grub.pbk\n-00042d70: 6466 322e 7368 6135 3132 2e31 3030 3030 df2.sha512.10000\n-00042d80: 2e62 6967 6c6f 6e67 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 .biglongstring. \n-00042d90: 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 2075 7365 password use\n-00042da0: 7231 2069 6e73 6563 7572 650a 0a20 2020 r1 insecure.. \n-00042db0: 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 menuentry \"May\n-00042dc0: 2062 6520 7275 6e20 6279 2061 6e79 2075 be run by any u\n-00042dd0: 7365 7222 202d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 ser\" --unrestric\n-00042de0: 7465 6420 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 ted {. .set \n-00042df0: 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 root=(hd0,1). \n-00042e00: 2020 096c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 .linux /vmlinu\n-00042e10: 7a0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d z. }.. m\n-00042e20: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5375 7065 7275 enuentry \"Superu\n-00042e30: 7365 7273 206f 6e6c 7922 202d 2d75 7365 sers only\" --use\n-00042e40: 7273 2022 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 rs \"\" {. .se\n-00042e50: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 t root=(hd0,1). \n-00042e60: 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 .linux /vmli\n-00042e70: 6e75 7a20 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 nuz single. \n-00042e80: 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 }.. menuentr\n-00042e90: 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 6e20 6279 y \"May be run by\n-00042ea0: 2075 7365 7231 206f 7220 6120 7375 7065 user1 or a supe\n-00042eb0: 7275 7365 7222 202d 2d75 7365 7273 2075 ruser\" --users u\n-00042ec0: 7365 7231 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 ser1 {. .set\n-00042ed0: 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c32 290a 2020 root=(hd0,2). \n-00042ee0: 2020 2009 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 .chainloader \n-00042ef0: 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 5468 +1. }.. Th\n-00042f00: 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 e ...grub-mkconf\n-00042f10: 6967 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 646f ig... program do\n-00042f20: 6573 206e 6f74 2079 6574 2068 6176 6520 es not yet have \n-00042f30: 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 7570 706f 7274 built-in support\n-00042f40: 2066 6f72 0a67 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 for.generating \n-00042f50: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00042f60: 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2061 7574 6865 6e74 les with authent\n-00042f70: 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 596f 7520 6361 ication. You ca\n-00042f80: 6e20 7573 650a e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 n use..../etc/gr\n-00042f90: 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d e280 ub.d/40_custom..\n-00042fa0: 9920 746f 2061 6464 2073 696d 706c 6520 . to add simple \n-00042fb0: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 6175 7468 656e superuser authen\n-00042fc0: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6279 0a61 6464 tication, by.add\n-00042fd0: 696e 6720 e280 9873 6574 2073 7570 6572 ing ...set super\n-00042fe0: 7573 6572 733d e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 users=... and ..\n-00042ff0: 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 206f 7220 .password... or \n-00043000: e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 ...password_pbkd\n-00043010: 6632 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a f2... commands..\n-00043020: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00043030: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 7369 6e67 fo, Node: Using\n-00043040: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n-00043050: 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5545 4649 res, Next: UEFI\n-00043060: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 secure boot and\n-00043070: 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4175 shim, Prev: Au\n-00043080: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 thentication and\n-00043090: 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 authorisation, \n-000430a0: 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 Up: Security..1\n-000430b0: 392e 3220 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 9.2 Using digita\n-000430c0: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2069 6e20 l signatures in \n-000430d0: 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d GRUB.===========\n+00042460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00042470: 0a0a 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7468 ..By default, th\n+00042480: 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 696e e boot loader in\n+00042490: 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 2061 6363 6573 terface is acces\n+000424a0: 7369 626c 6520 746f 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 sible to anyone \n+000424b0: 7769 7468 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6163 with.physical ac\n+000424c0: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e73 cess to the cons\n+000424d0: 6f6c 653a 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 ole: anyone can \n+000424e0: 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7420 select and edit \n+000424f0: 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 0a65 6e74 7279 2c20 any menu.entry, \n+00042500: 616e 6420 616e 796f 6e65 2063 616e 2067 and anyone can g\n+00042510: 6574 2064 6972 6563 7420 6163 6365 7373 et direct access\n+00042520: 2074 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c to a GRUB shell\n+00042530: 2070 726f 6d70 742e 2020 466f 720a 6d6f prompt. For.mo\n+00042540: 7374 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 st systems, this\n+00042550: 2069 7320 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2073 is reasonable s\n+00042560: 696e 6365 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 ince anyone with\n+00042570: 2064 6972 6563 7420 7068 7973 6963 616c direct physical\n+00042580: 0a61 6363 6573 7320 6861 7320 6120 7661 .access has a va\n+00042590: 7269 6574 7920 6f66 206f 7468 6572 2077 riety of other w\n+000425a0: 6179 7320 746f 2067 6169 6e20 6675 6c6c ays to gain full\n+000425b0: 2061 6363 6573 732c 2061 6e64 2072 6571 access, and req\n+000425c0: 7569 7269 6e67 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 6963 uiring.authentic\n+000425d0: 6174 696f 6e20 6174 2074 6865 2062 6f6f ation at the boo\n+000425e0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206c 6576 656c 2077 t loader level w\n+000425f0: 6f75 6c64 206f 6e6c 7920 7365 7276 6520 ould only serve \n+00042600: 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a64 6966 6669 to make it.diffi\n+00042610: 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 7220 cult to recover \n+00042620: 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a broken systems..\n+00042630: 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 6e20 . However, in \n+00042640: 736f 6d65 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 some environment\n+00042650: 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 206b 696f 736b s, such as kiosk\n+00042660: 732c 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2061 7070 s, it may be app\n+00042670: 726f 7072 6961 7465 0a74 6f20 6c6f 636b ropriate.to lock\n+00042680: 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c down the boot l\n+00042690: 6f61 6465 7220 746f 2072 6571 7569 7265 oader to require\n+000426a0: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 authentication \n+000426b0: 6265 666f 7265 2070 6572 666f 726d 696e before performin\n+000426c0: 670a 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 g.certain operat\n+000426d0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 ions... The ..\n+000426e0: 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e .password... (*n\n+000426f0: 6f74 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a 2920 ote password::) \n+00042700: 616e 6420 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f and ...password_\n+00042710: 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 pbkdf2... (*note\n+00042720: 0a70 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 .password_pbkdf2\n+00042730: 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 616e ::) commands can\n+00042740: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6669 be used to defi\n+00042750: 6e65 2075 7365 7273 2c20 6561 6368 206f ne users, each o\n+00042760: 6620 7768 6963 680a 6861 7320 616e 2061 f which.has an a\n+00042770: 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7061 7373 776f ssociated passwo\n+00042780: 7264 2e20 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 rd. ...password\n+00042790: e280 9920 7365 7473 2074 6865 2070 6173 ... sets the pas\n+000427a0: 7377 6f72 6420 696e 2070 6c61 696e 2074 sword in plain t\n+000427b0: 6578 742c 0a72 6571 7569 7269 6e67 20e2 ext,.requiring .\n+000427c0: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 746f ..grub.cfg... to\n+000427d0: 2062 6520 7365 6375 7265 3b20 e280 9870 be secure; ...p\n+000427e0: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 assword_pbkdf2..\n+000427f0: 9920 7365 7473 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 . sets the passw\n+00042800: 6f72 640a 6861 7368 6564 2075 7369 6e67 ord.hashed using\n+00042810: 2074 6865 2050 6173 7377 6f72 642d 4261 the Password-Ba\n+00042820: 7365 6420 4b65 7920 4465 7269 7661 7469 sed Key Derivati\n+00042830: 6f6e 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 2852 4643 on Function (RFC\n+00042840: 2032 3839 3829 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 696e 2898),.requirin\n+00042850: 6720 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 g the use of ...\n+00042860: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n+00042870: 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 kdf2... (*note I\n+00042880: 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 nvoking.grub-mkp\n+00042890: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 asswd-pbkdf2::) \n+000428a0: 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 7061 7373 to generate pass\n+000428b0: 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 732e 0a0a 2020 word hashes... \n+000428c0: 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2065 6e61 In order to ena\n+000428d0: 626c 6520 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 ble authenticati\n+000428e0: 6f6e 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 7468 6520 on support, the \n+000428f0: e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 ...superusers...\n+00042900: 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 .environment var\n+00042910: 6961 626c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7365 iable must be se\n+00042920: 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 t to a list of u\n+00042930: 7365 726e 616d 6573 2c20 7365 7061 7261 sernames, separa\n+00042940: 7465 6420 6279 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 7370 ted by.any of sp\n+00042950: 6163 6573 2c20 636f 6d6d 6173 2c20 7365 aces, commas, se\n+00042960: 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2c20 7069 7065 732c micolons, pipes,\n+00042970: 206f 7220 616d 7065 7273 616e 6473 2e20 or ampersands. \n+00042980: 2053 7570 6572 7573 6572 7320 6172 650a Superusers are.\n+00042990: 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 permitted to use\n+000429a0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e the GRUB comman\n+000429b0: 6420 6c69 6e65 2c20 6564 6974 206d 656e d line, edit men\n+000429c0: 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c 2061 6e64 2065 u entries, and e\n+000429d0: 7865 6375 7465 0a61 6e79 206d 656e 7520 xecute.any menu \n+000429e0: 656e 7472 792e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 7375 entry. If ...su\n+000429f0: 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 6973 2073 perusers... is s\n+00042a00: 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2075 7365 206f 6620 et, then use of \n+00042a10: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 the command line\n+00042a20: 0a61 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 .and editing of \n+00042a30: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2061 7265 menu entries are\n+00042a40: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 automatically r\n+00042a50: 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 746f 2073 7570 estricted to sup\n+00042a60: 6572 7573 6572 732e 0a53 6574 7469 6e67 erusers..Setting\n+00042a70: 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 ...superusers..\n+00042a80: 9920 746f 2065 6d70 7479 2073 7472 696e . to empty strin\n+00042a90: 6720 6566 6665 6374 6976 656c 7920 6469 g effectively di\n+00042aa0: 7361 626c 6573 2062 6f74 6820 6163 6365 sables both acce\n+00042ab0: 7373 2074 6f0a 434c 4920 616e 6420 6564 ss to.CLI and ed\n+00042ac0: 6974 696e 6720 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e iting of menu en\n+00042ad0: 7472 6965 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 tries. Note: Th\n+00042ae0: 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 e environment va\n+00042af0: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 6565 6473 0a74 6f20 riable needs.to \n+00042b00: 6265 2065 7870 6f72 7465 6420 746f 2061 be exported to a\n+00042b10: 6c73 6f20 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 2073 lso affect the s\n+00042b20: 6563 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 ection defined b\n+00042b30: 7920 7468 6520 e280 9873 7562 6d65 6e75 y the ...submenu\n+00042b40: e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ....command (*no\n+00042b50: 7465 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 3a3a 292e 0a0a te submenu::)...\n+00042b60: 2020 204f 7468 6572 2075 7365 7273 206d Other users m\n+00042b70: 6179 2062 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f ay be allowed to\n+00042b80: 2065 7865 6375 7465 2073 7065 6369 6669 execute specifi\n+00042b90: 6320 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2062 c menu entries b\n+00042ba0: 7920 6769 7669 6e67 0a61 206c 6973 7420 y giving.a list \n+00042bb0: 6f66 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 2028 6173 of usernames (as\n+00042bc0: 2061 626f 7665 2920 7573 696e 6720 7468 above) using th\n+00042bd0: 6520 e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 e280 9920 e ...--users... \n+00042be0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 650a e280 option to the...\n+00042bf0: 986d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 e280 9920 636f .menuentry... co\n+00042c00: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d 656e mmand (*note men\n+00042c10: 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 uentry::). If t\n+00042c20: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 he ...--unrestri\n+00042c30: 6374 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a69 cted... option.i\n+00042c40: 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e s used for a men\n+00042c50: 7520 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 u entry, then th\n+00042c60: 6174 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 756e 7265 at entry is unre\n+00042c70: 7374 7269 6374 6564 2e20 2049 6620 7468 stricted. If th\n+00042c80: 650a e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 e280 9920 e....--users... \n+00042c90: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 option is not us\n+00042ca0: 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e ed for a menu en\n+00042cb0: 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6174 206f try, then that o\n+00042cc0: 6e6c 7920 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 0a61 nly superusers.a\n+00042cd0: 7265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2075 7365 2069 re able to use i\n+00042ce0: 742e 0a0a 2020 2050 7574 7469 6e67 2074 t... Putting t\n+00042cf0: 6869 7320 746f 6765 7468 6572 2c20 6120 his together, a \n+00042d00: 7479 7069 6361 6c20 e280 9867 7275 622e typical ...grub.\n+00042d10: 6366 67e2 8099 2066 7261 676d 656e 7420 cfg... fragment \n+00042d20: 6d69 6768 7420 6c6f 6f6b 206c 696b 650a might look like.\n+00042d30: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 this:.. set \n+00042d40: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3d22 726f 6f74 superusers=\"root\n+00042d50: 220a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f \". password_\n+00042d60: 7062 6b64 6632 2072 6f6f 7420 6772 7562 pbkdf2 root grub\n+00042d70: 2e70 626b 6466 322e 7368 6135 3132 2e31 .pbkdf2.sha512.1\n+00042d80: 3030 3030 2e62 6967 6c6f 6e67 7374 7269 0000.biglongstri\n+00042d90: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 ng. password\n+00042da0: 2075 7365 7231 2069 6e73 6563 7572 650a user1 insecure.\n+00042db0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 . menuentry \n+00042dc0: 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 6e20 6279 2061 \"May be run by a\n+00042dd0: 6e79 2075 7365 7222 202d 2d75 6e72 6573 ny user\" --unres\n+00042de0: 7472 6963 7465 6420 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 tricted {. .\n+00042df0: 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 set root=(hd0,1)\n+00042e00: 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 202f 766d . .linux /vm\n+00042e10: 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 linuz. }.. \n+00042e20: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5375 menuentry \"Su\n+00042e30: 7065 7275 7365 7273 206f 6e6c 7922 202d perusers only\" -\n+00042e40: 2d75 7365 7273 2022 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 -users \"\" {. \n+00042e50: 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c .set root=(hd0,\n+00042e60: 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 202f 1). .linux /\n+00042e70: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 vmlinuz single. \n+00042e80: 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 }.. menu\n+00042e90: 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 entry \"May be ru\n+00042ea0: 6e20 6279 2075 7365 7231 206f 7220 6120 n by user1 or a \n+00042eb0: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7222 202d 2d75 7365 superuser\" --use\n+00042ec0: 7273 2075 7365 7231 207b 0a20 2020 2020 rs user1 {. \n+00042ed0: 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c32 .set root=(hd0,2\n+00042ee0: 290a 2020 2020 2009 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 ). .chainloa\n+00042ef0: 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 der +1. }.. \n+00042f00: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b The ...grub-mk\n+00042f10: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 config... progra\n+00042f20: 6d20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2079 6574 2068 m does not yet h\n+00042f30: 6176 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 7570 ave built-in sup\n+00042f40: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a67 656e 6572 6174 port for.generat\n+00042f50: 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ing configuratio\n+00042f60: 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2061 7574 n files with aut\n+00042f70: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 596f hentication. Yo\n+00042f80: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a e280 982f 6574 u can use..../et\n+00042f90: 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 c/grub.d/40_cust\n+00042fa0: 6f6d e280 9920 746f 2061 6464 2073 696d om... to add sim\n+00042fb0: 706c 6520 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 6175 ple superuser au\n+00042fc0: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6279 thentication, by\n+00042fd0: 0a61 6464 696e 6720 e280 9873 6574 2073 .adding ...set s\n+00042fe0: 7570 6572 7573 6572 733d e280 9920 616e uperusers=... an\n+00042ff0: 6420 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 d ...password...\n+00043000: 206f 7220 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f or ...password_\n+00043010: 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e pbkdf2... comman\n+00043020: 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ds.....File: gru\n+00043030: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 b.info, Node: U\n+00043040: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n+00043050: 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 natures, Next: \n+00043060: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI secure boot\n+00043070: 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 and shim, Prev\n+00043080: 3a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e : Authentication\n+00043090: 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 and authorisati\n+000430a0: 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 on, Up: Securit\n+000430b0: 790a 0a31 392e 3220 5573 696e 6720 6469 y..19.2 Using di\n+000430c0: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n+000430d0: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d in GRUB.=======\n 000430e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000430f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 ==========..GRUB\n-00043100: 2773 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 's ...core.img..\n-00043110: 9920 6361 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 . can optionally\n-00043120: 2070 726f 7669 6465 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 provide enforce\n-00043130: 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 616c 6c20 6669 ment that all fi\n-00043140: 6c65 730a 7375 6273 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 les.subsequently\n-00043150: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2064 6973 6b20 read from disk \n-00043160: 6172 6520 636f 7665 7265 6420 6279 2061 are covered by a\n-00043170: 2076 616c 6964 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 valid digital s\n-00043180: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2e0a 5468 6973 2064 ignature..This d\n-00043190: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 202a 6e6f ocument does *no\n-000431a0: 742a 2063 6f76 6572 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 t* cover how to \n-000431b0: 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 ensure that your\n-000431c0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 730a 6669 726d platform's.firm\n-000431d0: 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e 2c20 436f 7265 ware (e.g., Core\n-000431e0: 626f 6f74 2920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 7320 boot) validates \n-000431f0: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2e0a ...core.img.....\n-00043200: 0a20 2020 4966 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 . If environme\n-00043210: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 nt variable ...c\n-00043220: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 heck_signatures.\n-00043230: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f .. (*note check_\n-00043240: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 290a 6973 signatures::).is\n-00043250: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 set to ...enfor\n-00043260: 6365 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 6576 6572 ce..., then ever\n-00043270: 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6279 2074 6865 y attempt by the\n-00043280: 2047 5255 4220 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d GRUB ...core.im\n-00043290: 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e6f g... to load.ano\n-000432a0: 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f ther file ...foo\n-000432b0: e280 9920 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2069 ... implicitly i\n-000432c0: 6e76 6f6b 6573 20e2 8098 7665 7269 6679 nvokes ...verify\n-000432d0: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 666f 6f20 666f _detached foo fo\n-000432e0: 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 o.sig....(*note \n-000432f0: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a verify_detached:\n-00043300: 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 :). ...foo.sig.\n-00043310: 8099 206d 7573 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 .. must contain \n-00043320: 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6469 6769 7461 6c0a a valid digital.\n-00043330: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f76 6572 2074 signature over t\n-00043340: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 20e2 he contents of .\n-00043350: 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 ..foo..., which \n-00043360: 6361 6e20 6265 2076 6572 6966 6965 6420 can be verified \n-00043370: 7769 7468 2061 0a70 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 with a.public ke\n-00043380: 7920 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7472 7573 y currently trus\n-00043390: 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 282a 6e6f ted by GRUB (*no\n-000433a0: 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a te list_trusted:\n-000433b0: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 7374 3a3a :, *note.trust::\n-000433c0: 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 , and *note dist\n-000433d0: 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2076 616c rust::). If val\n-000433e0: 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2074 idation fails, t\n-000433f0: 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 hen file ...foo.\n-00043400: 8099 0a63 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 206f 7065 ...cannot be ope\n-00043410: 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6973 2066 6169 6c75 ned. This failu\n-00043420: 7265 206d 6179 2068 616c 7420 6f72 206f re may halt or o\n-00043430: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2069 6d70 6163 7420 therwise impact \n-00043440: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 0a70 726f 6365 7373 the boot.process\n-00043450: 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e 2069 6e69 7469 616c ... An initial\n-00043460: 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 trusted public \n-00043470: 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 key can be embed\n-00043480: 6465 6420 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2047 ded within the G\n-00043490: 5255 420a e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 RUB....core.img.\n-000434a0: 8099 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 .. using the ...\n-000434b0: 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 --pubkey... opti\n-000434c0: 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e on to ...grub-in\n-000434d0: 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 stall... (*note \n-000434e0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 696e Invoking.grub-in\n-000434f0: 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 stall::)... GR\n-00043500: 5542 2075 7365 7320 4750 472d 7374 796c UB uses GPG-styl\n-00043510: 6520 6465 7461 6368 6564 2073 6967 6e61 e detached signa\n-00043520: 7475 7265 7320 286d 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 tures (meaning t\n-00043530: 6861 7420 6120 6669 6c65 0ae2 8098 666f hat a file....fo\n-00043540: 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 o.sig... will be\n-00043550: 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 7768 656e 2066 produced when f\n-00043560: 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 9920 6973 ile ...foo... is\n-00043570: 2073 6967 6e65 6429 2c20 616e 6420 6375 signed), and cu\n-00043580: 7272 656e 746c 790a 7375 7070 6f72 7473 rrently.supports\n-00043590: 2074 6865 2044 5341 2061 6e64 2052 5341 the DSA and RSA\n-000435a0: 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 signing algorit\n-000435b0: 686d 732e 2020 4120 7369 676e 696e 6720 hms. A signing \n-000435c0: 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 6265 0a67 656e 6572 key can be.gener\n-000435d0: 6174 6564 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a ated as follows:\n-000435e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d67 656e .. gpg --gen\n-000435f0: 2d6b 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 696e 6469 -key.. An indi\n-00043600: 7669 6475 616c 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e20 vidual file can \n-00043610: 6265 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6173 2066 6f6c be signed as fol\n-00043620: 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6770 6720 lows:.. gpg \n-00043630: 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 2d73 6967 6e20 2f70 --detach-sign /p\n-00043640: 6174 682f 746f 2f66 696c 650a 0a20 2020 ath/to/file.. \n-00043650: 466f 7220 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2076 For successful v\n-00043660: 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 6c6c alidation of all\n-00043670: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2773 2073 7562 636f of GRUB's subco\n-00043680: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2061 6e64 2074 6865 mponents and the\n-00043690: 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 .loaded OS kerne\n-000436a0: 6c2c 2074 6865 7920 6d75 7374 2061 6c6c l, they must all\n-000436b0: 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 2e20 204f 6e65 be signed. One\n-000436c0: 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6163 636f 6d70 6c69 way to accompli\n-000436d0: 7368 2074 6869 730a 6973 2074 6865 2066 sh this.is the f\n-000436e0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2028 6166 7465 7220 ollowing (after \n-000436f0: 6861 7669 6e67 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2070 having already p\n-00043700: 726f 6475 6365 6420 7468 6520 6465 7369 roduced the desi\n-00043710: 7265 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 red ...grub.cfg.\n-00043720: 8099 0a66 696c 652c 2065 2e67 2e2c 2062 ...file, e.g., b\n-00043730: 7920 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 y running ...gru\n-00043740: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 282a b-mkconfig... (*\n-00043750: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 note Invoking gr\n-00043760: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 3a29 3a0a ub-mkconfig::):.\n-00043770: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 4564 6974 202f 6465 . # Edit /de\n-00043780: 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 v/shm/passphrase\n-00043790: 2e74 7874 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 .txt to contain \n-000437a0: 796f 7572 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 206b 6579 your signing key\n-000437b0: 2773 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 650a 2020 's passphrase. \n-000437c0: 2020 2066 6f72 2069 2069 6e20 6066 696e for i in `fin\n-000437d0: 6420 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d6e 616d 6520 222a d /boot -name \"*\n-000437e0: 2e63 6667 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 .cfg\" -or -name \n-000437f0: 222a 2e6c 7374 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 \"*.lst\" -or \\. \n-00043800: 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6d6f -name \"*.mo\n-00043810: 6422 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 766d d\" -or -name \"vm\n-00043820: 6c69 6e75 7a2a 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d linuz*\" -or -nam\n-00043830: 6520 2269 6e69 7472 642a 2220 2d6f 7220 e \"initrd*\" -or \n-00043840: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 \\. -name \"\n-00043850: 6772 7562 656e 7622 603b 0a20 2020 2020 grubenv\"`;. \n-00043860: 646f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d do. gpg --\n-00043870: 6261 7463 6820 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 2d73 batch --detach-s\n-00043880: 6967 6e20 2d2d 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 ign --passphrase\n-00043890: 2d66 6420 3020 2469 203c 205c 0a20 2020 -fd 0 $i < \\. \n-000438a0: 2020 2020 2020 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 /dev/shm/p\n-000438b0: 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 740a 2020 assphrase.txt. \n-000438c0: 2020 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 6872 done. shr\n-000438d0: 6564 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 ed /dev/shm/pass\n-000438e0: 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 2053 phrase.txt.. S\n-000438f0: 6565 2061 6c73 6f3a 202a 6e6f 7465 2063 ee also: *note c\n-00043900: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a heck_signatures:\n-00043910: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f :, *note verify_\n-00043920: 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 detached::, *not\n-00043930: 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 e.trust::, *note\n-00043940: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c list_trusted::,\n-00043950: 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a *note distrust:\n-00043960: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 645f 656e :, *note load_en\n-00043970: 763a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6176 655f v::, *note.save_\n-00043980: 656e 763a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 env::... Note \n-00043990: 7468 6174 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 that internally \n-000439a0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 656e 666f 7263 signature enforc\n-000439b0: 656d 656e 7420 6973 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c ement is control\n-000439c0: 6c65 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 led by setting.t\n-000439d0: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 he environment v\n-000439e0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b ariable ...check\n-000439f0: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2065 _signatures... e\n-00043a00: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 qual to ...enfor\n-00043a10: 6365 e280 992e 2020 5061 7373 696e 670a ce.... Passing.\n-00043a20: 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 e280 982d one or more ...-\n-00043a30: 2d70 7562 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f -pubkey... optio\n-00043a40: 6e73 2074 6f20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ns to ...grub-mk\n-00043a50: 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 image... implici\n-00043a60: 746c 7920 6465 6669 6e65 730a e280 9863 tly defines....c\n-00043a70: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 heck_signatures.\n-00043a80: 8099 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 e280 9865 .. equal to ...e\n-00043a90: 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 9920 696e 20e2 8098 nforce... in ...\n-00043aa0: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7072 696f core.img... prio\n-00043ab0: 7220 746f 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e 670a r to processing.\n-00043ac0: 616e 7920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f any configuratio\n-00043ad0: 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 n files... Not\n-00043ae0: 6520 7468 6174 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 e that signature\n-00043af0: 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 646f 6573 202a checking does *\n-00043b00: 6e6f 742a 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2061 6e20 not* prevent an \n-00043b10: 6174 7461 636b 6572 2077 6974 680a 2873 attacker with.(s\n-00043b20: 6572 6961 6c2c 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c2c erial, physical,\n-00043b30: 202e 2e2e 2920 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 ...) console a\n-00043b40: 6363 6573 7320 6672 6f6d 2064 726f 7070 ccess from dropp\n-00043b50: 696e 6720 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2074 6f20 ing manually to \n-00043b60: 7468 650a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 the.GRUB console\n-00043b70: 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 3a0a and executing:.\n-00043b80: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 6368 6563 6b5f . set check_\n-00043b90: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e 6f0a 0a20 signatures=no.. \n-00043ba0: 2020 546f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2074 6869 To prevent thi\n-00043bb0: 732c 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642d 7072 6f74 s, password-prot\n-00043bc0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4175 ection (*note Au\n-00043bd0: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 thentication and\n-00043be0: 0a61 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a .authorisation::\n-00043bf0: 2920 6973 2065 7373 656e 7469 616c 2e20 ) is essential. \n-00043c00: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2065 7665 6e20 Note that even \n-00043c10: 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 7061 7373 776f with GRUB passwo\n-00043c20: 7264 0a70 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e2c 2047 rd.protection, G\n-00043c30: 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2063 616e 6e6f RUB itself canno\n-00043c40: 7420 7072 6576 656e 7420 736f 6d65 6f6e t prevent someon\n-00043c50: 6520 7769 7468 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c20 e with physical \n-00043c60: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 6d61 access to.the ma\n-00043c70: 6368 696e 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 6c74 6572 chine from alter\n-00043c80: 696e 6720 7468 6174 206d 6163 6869 6e65 ing that machine\n-00043c90: 2773 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 2865 2e67 's firmware (e.g\n-00043ca0: 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 6f72 0a42 ., Coreboot or.B\n-00043cb0: 494f 5329 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 IOS) configurati\n-00043cc0: 6f6e 2074 6f20 6361 7573 6520 7468 6520 on to cause the \n-00043cd0: 6d61 6368 696e 6520 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 machine to boot \n-00043ce0: 6672 6f6d 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 from a different\n-00043cf0: 0a28 6174 7461 636b 6572 2d63 6f6e 7472 .(attacker-contr\n-00043d00: 6f6c 6c65 6429 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 olled) device. \n-00043d10: 4752 5542 2069 7320 6174 2062 6573 7420 GRUB is at best \n-00043d20: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206c 696e 6b20 696e only one link in\n-00043d30: 2061 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2063 a secure.boot c\n-00043d40: 6861 696e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 hain.....File: g\n-00043d50: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00043d60: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI secure boo\n-00043d70: 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 204e 6578 t and shim, Nex\n-00043d80: 743a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 t: Secure Boot A\n-00043d90: 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e dvanced Targetin\n-00043da0: 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5573 696e 6720 g, Prev: Using \n-00043db0: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n-00043dc0: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 es, Up: Securit\n-00043dd0: 790a 0a31 392e 3320 5545 4649 2073 6563 y..19.3 UEFI sec\n-00043de0: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 ure boot and shi\n-00043df0: 6d20 7375 7070 6f72 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d m support.======\n+000430f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00043100: 4752 5542 2773 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 GRUB's ...core.i\n+00043110: 6d67 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e mg... can option\n+00043120: 616c 6c79 2070 726f 7669 6465 2065 6e66 ally provide enf\n+00043130: 6f72 6365 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 616c orcement that al\n+00043140: 6c20 6669 6c65 730a 7375 6273 6571 7565 l files.subseque\n+00043150: 6e74 6c79 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2064 ntly read from d\n+00043160: 6973 6b20 6172 6520 636f 7665 7265 6420 isk are covered \n+00043170: 6279 2061 2076 616c 6964 2064 6967 6974 by a valid digit\n+00043180: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2e0a 5468 al signature..Th\n+00043190: 6973 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 is document does\n+000431a0: 202a 6e6f 742a 2063 6f76 6572 2068 6f77 *not* cover how\n+000431b0: 2074 6f20 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 to ensure that \n+000431c0: 796f 7572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 730a your platform's.\n+000431d0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e 2c20 firmware (e.g., \n+000431e0: 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2920 7661 6c69 6461 Coreboot) valida\n+000431f0: 7465 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 tes ...core.img.\n+00043200: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2065 6e76 6972 ..... If envir\n+00043210: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+00043220: e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 ...check_signatu\n+00043230: 7265 73e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 res... (*note ch\n+00043240: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a eck_signatures::\n+00043250: 290a 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 ).is set to ...e\n+00043260: 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 nforce..., then \n+00043270: 6576 6572 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6279 every attempt by\n+00043280: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 e280 9863 6f72 the GRUB ...cor\n+00043290: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 e.img... to load\n+000432a0: 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 e280 .another file ..\n+000432b0: 9866 6f6f e280 9920 696d 706c 6963 6974 .foo... implicit\n+000432c0: 6c79 2069 6e76 6f6b 6573 20e2 8098 7665 ly invokes ...ve\n+000432d0: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 666f rify_detached fo\n+000432e0: 6f20 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 0a28 2a6e o foo.sig....(*n\n+000432f0: 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 ote verify_detac\n+00043300: 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 666f 6f2e hed::). ...foo.\n+00043310: 7369 67e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 636f 6e74 sig... must cont\n+00043320: 6169 6e20 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6469 6769 ain a valid digi\n+00043330: 7461 6c0a 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f76 tal.signature ov\n+00043340: 6572 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 er the contents \n+00043350: 6f66 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 of ...foo..., wh\n+00043360: 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2076 6572 6966 ich can be verif\n+00043370: 6965 6420 7769 7468 2061 0a70 7562 6c69 ied with a.publi\n+00043380: 6320 6b65 7920 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 c key currently \n+00043390: 7472 7573 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 trusted by GRUB \n+000433a0: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 (*note list_trus\n+000433b0: 7465 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 ted::, *note.tru\n+000433c0: 7374 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 st::, and *note \n+000433d0: 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 distrust::). If\n+000433e0: 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c validation fail\n+000433f0: 732c 2074 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 s, then file ...\n+00043400: 666f 6fe2 8099 0a63 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 foo....cannot be\n+00043410: 206f 7065 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6973 2066 opened. This f\n+00043420: 6169 6c75 7265 206d 6179 2068 616c 7420 ailure may halt \n+00043430: 6f72 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2069 6d70 or otherwise imp\n+00043440: 6163 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 0a70 726f act the boot.pro\n+00043450: 6365 7373 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e 2069 6e69 cess... An ini\n+00043460: 7469 616c 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 tial trusted pub\n+00043470: 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2065 lic key can be e\n+00043480: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 7769 7468 696e 2074 mbedded within t\n+00043490: 6865 2047 5255 420a e280 9863 6f72 652e he GRUB....core.\n+000434a0: 696d 67e2 8099 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 img... using the\n+000434b0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 e280 9920 ...--pubkey... \n+000434c0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9867 7275 option to ...gru\n+000434d0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e b-install... (*n\n+000434e0: 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 ote Invoking.gru\n+000434f0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 b-install::)... \n+00043500: 2020 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4750 472d GRUB uses GPG-\n+00043510: 7374 796c 6520 6465 7461 6368 6564 2073 style detached s\n+00043520: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 286d 6561 6e69 ignatures (meani\n+00043530: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 6120 6669 6c65 0ae2 ng that a file..\n+00043540: 8098 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 2077 696c ..foo.sig... wil\n+00043550: 6c20 6265 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 7768 l be produced wh\n+00043560: 656e 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 en file ...foo..\n+00043570: 9920 6973 2073 6967 6e65 6429 2c20 616e . is signed), an\n+00043580: 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 7375 7070 d currently.supp\n+00043590: 6f72 7473 2074 6865 2044 5341 2061 6e64 orts the DSA and\n+000435a0: 2052 5341 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 2061 6c67 RSA signing alg\n+000435b0: 6f72 6974 686d 732e 2020 4120 7369 676e orithms. A sign\n+000435c0: 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 6265 0a67 ing key can be.g\n+000435d0: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 666f 6c6c enerated as foll\n+000435e0: 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d ows:.. gpg -\n+000435f0: 2d67 656e 2d6b 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 -gen-key.. An \n+00043600: 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c 2066 696c 6520 individual file \n+00043610: 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6173 can be signed as\n+00043620: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 follows:.. \n+00043630: 6770 6720 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 2d73 6967 gpg --detach-sig\n+00043640: 6e20 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f66 696c 650a n /path/to/file.\n+00043650: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7375 6363 6573 7366 . For successf\n+00043660: 756c 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 ul validation of\n+00043670: 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 4752 5542 2773 2073 all of GRUB's s\n+00043680: 7562 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2061 6e64 ubcomponents and\n+00043690: 2074 6865 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 4f53 206b the.loaded OS k\n+000436a0: 6572 6e65 6c2c 2074 6865 7920 6d75 7374 ernel, they must\n+000436b0: 2061 6c6c 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 2e20 all be signed. \n+000436c0: 204f 6e65 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6163 636f One way to acco\n+000436d0: 6d70 6c69 7368 2074 6869 730a 6973 2074 mplish this.is t\n+000436e0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2028 6166 he following (af\n+000436f0: 7465 7220 6861 7669 6e67 2061 6c72 6561 ter having alrea\n+00043700: 6479 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 7468 6520 dy produced the \n+00043710: 6465 7369 7265 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e desired ...grub.\n+00043720: 6366 67e2 8099 0a66 696c 652c 2065 2e67 cfg....file, e.g\n+00043730: 2e2c 2062 7920 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 ., by running ..\n+00043740: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n+00043750: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note Invokin\n+00043760: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a g grub-mkconfig:\n+00043770: 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 4564 6974 :):.. # Edit\n+00043780: 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 /dev/shm/passph\n+00043790: 7261 7365 2e74 7874 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 rase.txt to cont\n+000437a0: 6169 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 ain your signing\n+000437b0: 206b 6579 2773 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 key's passphras\n+000437c0: 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 2069 6e20 e. for i in \n+000437d0: 6066 696e 6420 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d6e 616d `find /boot -nam\n+000437e0: 6520 222a 2e63 6667 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e e \"*.cfg\" -or -n\n+000437f0: 616d 6520 222a 2e6c 7374 2220 2d6f 7220 ame \"*.lst\" -or \n+00043800: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 \\. -name \"\n+00043810: 2a2e 6d6f 6422 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 *.mod\" -or -name\n+00043820: 2022 766d 6c69 6e75 7a2a 2220 2d6f 7220 \"vmlinuz*\" -or \n+00043830: 2d6e 616d 6520 2269 6e69 7472 642a 2220 -name \"initrd*\" \n+00043840: 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 -or \\. -na\n+00043850: 6d65 2022 6772 7562 656e 7622 603b 0a20 me \"grubenv\"`;. \n+00043860: 2020 2020 646f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6770 do. gp\n+00043870: 6720 2d2d 6261 7463 6820 2d2d 6465 7461 g --batch --deta\n+00043880: 6368 2d73 6967 6e20 2d2d 7061 7373 7068 ch-sign --passph\n+00043890: 7261 7365 2d66 6420 3020 2469 203c 205c rase-fd 0 $i < \\\n+000438a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f64 6576 2f73 . /dev/s\n+000438b0: 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 hm/passphrase.tx\n+000438c0: 740a 2020 2020 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 t. done. \n+000438d0: 2073 6872 6564 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f shred /dev/shm/\n+000438e0: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a0a passphrase.txt..\n+000438f0: 2020 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f3a 202a 6e6f See also: *no\n+00043900: 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 te check_signatu\n+00043910: 7265 733a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 res::, *note ver\n+00043920: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 2c20 ify_detached::, \n+00043930: 2a6e 6f74 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 202a *note.trust::, *\n+00043940: 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 note list_truste\n+00043950: 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 d::, *note distr\n+00043960: 7573 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 ust::, *note loa\n+00043970: 645f 656e 763a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a73 d_env::, *note.s\n+00043980: 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 204e ave_env::... N\n+00043990: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 ote that interna\n+000439a0: 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 656e lly signature en\n+000439b0: 666f 7263 656d 656e 7420 6973 2063 6f6e forcement is con\n+000439c0: 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 trolled by setti\n+000439d0: 6e67 0a74 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 ng.the environme\n+000439e0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 nt variable ...c\n+000439f0: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 heck_signatures.\n+00043a00: 8099 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 e280 9865 .. equal to ...e\n+00043a10: 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992e 2020 5061 7373 nforce.... Pass\n+00043a20: 696e 670a 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 ing.one or more \n+00043a30: e280 982d 2d70 7562 6b65 79e2 8099 206f ...--pubkey... o\n+00043a40: 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 e280 9867 7275 ptions to ...gru\n+00043a50: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2069 6d70 b-mkimage... imp\n+00043a60: 6c69 6369 746c 7920 6465 6669 6e65 730a licitly defines.\n+00043a70: e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 ...check_signatu\n+00043a80: 7265 73e2 8099 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 res... equal to \n+00043a90: e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 9920 696e ...enforce... in\n+00043aa0: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...core.img... \n+00043ab0: 7072 696f 7220 746f 2070 726f 6365 7373 prior to process\n+00043ac0: 696e 670a 616e 7920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ing.any configur\n+00043ad0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 ation files... \n+00043ae0: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2073 6967 6e61 Note that signa\n+00043af0: 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 646f ture checking do\n+00043b00: 6573 202a 6e6f 742a 2070 7265 7665 6e74 es *not* prevent\n+00043b10: 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2077 6974 an attacker wit\n+00043b20: 680a 2873 6572 6961 6c2c 2070 6879 7369 h.(serial, physi\n+00043b30: 6361 6c2c 202e 2e2e 2920 2063 6f6e 736f cal, ...) conso\n+00043b40: 6c65 2061 6363 6573 7320 6672 6f6d 2064 le access from d\n+00043b50: 726f 7070 696e 6720 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 ropping manually\n+00043b60: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e to the.GRUB con\n+00043b70: 736f 6c65 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7469 sole and executi\n+00043b80: 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 6368 ng:.. set ch\n+00043b90: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e eck_signatures=n\n+00043ba0: 6f0a 0a20 2020 546f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 o.. To prevent\n+00043bb0: 2074 6869 732c 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642d this, password-\n+00043bc0: 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 protection (*not\n+00043bd0: 6520 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e e Authentication\n+00043be0: 2061 6e64 0a61 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 and.authorisati\n+00043bf0: 6f6e 3a3a 2920 6973 2065 7373 656e 7469 on::) is essenti\n+00043c00: 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2065 al. Note that e\n+00043c10: 7665 6e20 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 7061 ven with GRUB pa\n+00043c20: 7373 776f 7264 0a70 726f 7465 6374 696f ssword.protectio\n+00043c30: 6e2c 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2063 n, GRUB itself c\n+00043c40: 616e 6e6f 7420 7072 6576 656e 7420 736f annot prevent so\n+00043c50: 6d65 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2070 6879 7369 meone with physi\n+00043c60: 6361 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a 7468 cal access to.th\n+00043c70: 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 e machine from a\n+00043c80: 6c74 6572 696e 6720 7468 6174 206d 6163 ltering that mac\n+00043c90: 6869 6e65 2773 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 hine's firmware \n+00043ca0: 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 (e.g., Coreboot \n+00043cb0: 6f72 0a42 494f 5329 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 or.BIOS) configu\n+00043cc0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6361 7573 6520 ration to cause \n+00043cd0: 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 746f 2062 the machine to b\n+00043ce0: 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 2064 6966 6665 oot from a diffe\n+00043cf0: 7265 6e74 0a28 6174 7461 636b 6572 2d63 rent.(attacker-c\n+00043d00: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6429 2064 6576 6963 ontrolled) devic\n+00043d10: 652e 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6174 2062 e. GRUB is at b\n+00043d20: 6573 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206c 696e est only one lin\n+00043d30: 6b20 696e 2061 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f k in a secure.bo\n+00043d40: 6f74 2063 6861 696e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ot chain.....Fil\n+00043d50: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00043d60: 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 ode: UEFI secure\n+00043d70: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 boot and shim, \n+00043d80: 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f Next: Secure Bo\n+00043d90: 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 ot Advanced Targ\n+00043da0: 6574 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5573 eting, Prev: Us\n+00043db0: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n+00043dc0: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 atures, Up: Sec\n+00043dd0: 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3320 5545 4649 urity..19.3 UEFI\n+00043de0: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 secure boot and\n+00043df0: 2073 6869 6d20 7375 7070 6f72 740a 3d3d shim support.==\n 00043e00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00043e10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00043e20: 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2c20 6578 6365 ..The GRUB, exce\n-00043e30: 7074 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c pt the ...chainl\n-00043e40: 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 oader... command\n-00043e50: 2c20 776f 726b 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 , works with the\n-00043e60: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f UEFI secure.boo\n-00043e70: 7420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7368 696d 2e20 t and the shim. \n-00043e80: 2054 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c This functional\n-00043e90: 6974 7920 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 ity is provided \n-00043ea0: 6279 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b by the shim_lock\n-00043eb0: 0a76 6572 6966 6965 722e 2020 4974 2069 .verifier. It i\n-00043ec0: 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 s built into the\n-00043ed0: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...core.img... \n-00043ee0: 616e 6420 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 and is registere\n-00043ef0: 6420 6966 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 7365 d if the UEFI.se\n-00043f00: 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 cure boot is ena\n-00043f10: 626c 6564 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 7368 bled. The ...sh\n-00043f20: 696d 5f6c 6f63 6be2 8099 2076 6172 6961 im_lock... varia\n-00043f30: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ble is set to ..\n-00043f40: 9879 e280 9920 7768 656e 0a73 6869 6d5f .y... when.shim_\n-00043f50: 6c6f 636b 2076 6572 6966 6965 7220 6973 lock verifier is\n-00043f60: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 642e 2020 4966 registered. If\n-00043f70: 2069 7420 6973 2064 6573 6972 6564 2074 it is desired t\n-00043f80: 6f20 7573 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 o use UEFI secur\n-00043f90: 650a 626f 6f74 2077 6974 686f 7574 2073 e.boot without s\n-00043fa0: 6869 6d2c 206f 6e65 2063 616e 2064 6973 him, one can dis\n-00043fb0: 6162 6c65 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2062 able shim_lock b\n-00043fc0: 7920 6469 7361 626c 696e 6720 7368 696d y disabling shim\n-00043fd0: 0a76 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7769 .verification wi\n-00043fe0: 7468 204d 6f6b 5362 5374 6174 6520 5545 th MokSbState UE\n-00043ff0: 4649 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6f72 2062 FI variable or b\n-00044000: 7920 6275 696c 6469 6e67 2067 7275 6220 y building grub \n-00044010: 696d 6167 650a 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d image.with ...--\n-00044020: 6469 7361 626c 652d 7368 696d 2d6c 6f63 disable-shim-loc\n-00044030: 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 k... option... \n-00044040: 2041 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 All GRUB module\n-00044050: 7320 6e6f 7420 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 s not stored in \n-00044060: 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 the ...core.img.\n-00044070: 8099 2c20 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 .., OS kernels, \n-00044080: 4143 5049 0a74 6162 6c65 732c 2044 6576 ACPI.tables, Dev\n-00044090: 6963 6520 5472 6565 732c 2065 7463 2e20 ice Trees, etc. \n-000440a0: 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 6520 7369 676e have to be sign\n-000440b0: 6564 2c20 652e 672c 2075 7369 6e67 2050 ed, e.g, using P\n-000440c0: 4750 2e0a 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 GP..Additionally\n-000440d0: 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 , the commands t\n-000440e0: 6861 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 hat can be used \n-000440f0: 746f 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2055 to subvert the U\n-00044100: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 EFI secure.boot \n-00044110: 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 mechanism, such \n-00044120: 6173 20e2 8098 696f 7277 e280 9920 616e as ...iorw... an\n-00044130: 6420 e280 986d 656d 7277 e280 9920 7769 d ...memrw... wi\n-00044140: 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 ll not be availa\n-00044150: 626c 6520 7768 656e 0a74 6865 2055 4546 ble when.the UEF\n-00044160: 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 I secure boot is\n-00044170: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 enabled. This \n-00044180: 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 666f 7220 7365 6375 is done for secu\n-00044190: 7269 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 2061 6e64 rity reasons and\n-000441a0: 0a61 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 6279 .are enforced by\n-000441b0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 4c6f 636b 646f the GRUB Lockdo\n-000441c0: 776e 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2028 2a6e wn mechanism (*n\n-000441d0: 6f74 6520 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e ote Lockdown::).\n-000441e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000441f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 nfo, Node: Secu\n-00044200: 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 re Boot Advanced\n-00044210: 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 Targeting, Nex\n-00044220: 743a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 t: Measured Boot\n-00044230: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 4546 4920 7365 , Prev: UEFI se\n-00044240: 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 cure boot and sh\n-00044250: 696d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 im, Up: Securit\n-00044260: 790a 0a31 392e 3420 456d 6265 6464 6564 y..19.4 Embedded\n-00044270: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 information for\n-00044280: 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 generation numb\n-00044290: 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 6576 6f63 6174 er based revocat\n-000442a0: 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ion.============\n+00043e20: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2c20 ====..The GRUB, \n+00043e30: 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6368 except the ...ch\n+00043e40: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d ainloader... com\n+00043e50: 6d61 6e64 2c20 776f 726b 7320 7769 7468 mand, works with\n+00043e60: 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 the UEFI secure\n+00043e70: 0a62 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7368 .boot and the sh\n+00043e80: 696d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 im. This functi\n+00043e90: 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 6973 2070 726f 7669 onality is provi\n+00043ea0: 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d5f ded by the shim_\n+00043eb0: 6c6f 636b 0a76 6572 6966 6965 722e 2020 lock.verifier. \n+00043ec0: 4974 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f It is built into\n+00043ed0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 the ...core.img\n+00043ee0: e280 9920 616e 6420 6973 2072 6567 6973 ... and is regis\n+00043ef0: 7465 7265 6420 6966 2074 6865 2055 4546 tered if the UEF\n+00043f00: 490a 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 I.secure boot is\n+00043f10: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 enabled. The .\n+00043f20: 8098 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6be2 8099 2076 ..shim_lock... v\n+00043f30: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 ariable is set t\n+00043f40: 6f20 e280 9879 e280 9920 7768 656e 0a73 o ...y... when.s\n+00043f50: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2076 6572 6966 6965 him_lock verifie\n+00043f60: 7220 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 642e r is registered.\n+00043f70: 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 2064 6573 6972 If it is desir\n+00043f80: 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5545 4649 2073 ed to use UEFI s\n+00043f90: 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2077 6974 686f ecure.boot witho\n+00043fa0: 7574 2073 6869 6d2c 206f 6e65 2063 616e ut shim, one can\n+00043fb0: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f disable shim_lo\n+00043fc0: 636b 2062 7920 6469 7361 626c 696e 6720 ck by disabling \n+00043fd0: 7368 696d 0a76 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f shim.verificatio\n+00043fe0: 6e20 7769 7468 204d 6f6b 5362 5374 6174 n with MokSbStat\n+00043ff0: 6520 5545 4649 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e UEFI variable \n+00044000: 6f72 2062 7920 6275 696c 6469 6e67 2067 or by building g\n+00044010: 7275 6220 696d 6167 650a 7769 7468 20e2 rub image.with .\n+00044020: 8098 2d2d 6469 7361 626c 652d 7368 696d ..--disable-shim\n+00044030: 2d6c 6f63 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2e -lock... option.\n+00044040: 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6d6f .. All GRUB mo\n+00044050: 6475 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 7374 6f72 6564 dules not stored\n+00044060: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f72 652e in the ...core.\n+00044070: 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 img..., OS kerne\n+00044080: 6c73 2c20 4143 5049 0a74 6162 6c65 732c ls, ACPI.tables,\n+00044090: 2044 6576 6963 6520 5472 6565 732c 2065 Device Trees, e\n+000440a0: 7463 2e20 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 6520 tc. have to be \n+000440b0: 7369 676e 6564 2c20 652e 672c 2075 7369 signed, e.g, usi\n+000440c0: 6e67 2050 4750 2e0a 4164 6469 7469 6f6e ng PGP..Addition\n+000440d0: 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ally, the comman\n+000440e0: 6473 2074 6861 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 ds that can be u\n+000440f0: 7365 6420 746f 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 sed to subvert t\n+00044100: 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 he UEFI secure.b\n+00044110: 6f6f 7420 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2c 2073 oot mechanism, s\n+00044120: 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 696f 7277 e280 uch as ...iorw..\n+00044130: 9920 616e 6420 e280 986d 656d 7277 e280 . and ...memrw..\n+00044140: 9920 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 . will not be av\n+00044150: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7768 656e 0a74 6865 ailable when.the\n+00044160: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI secure boo\n+00044170: 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2054 t is enabled. T\n+00044180: 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 666f 7220 his is done for \n+00044190: 7365 6375 7269 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 security reasons\n+000441a0: 2061 6e64 0a61 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 and.are enforce\n+000441b0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 4c6f d by the GRUB Lo\n+000441c0: 636b 646f 776e 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d ckdown mechanism\n+000441d0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4c6f 636b 646f 776e (*note Lockdown\n+000441e0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n+000441f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00044200: 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 Secure Boot Adva\n+00044210: 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 nced Targeting, \n+00044220: 204e 6578 743a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 Next: Measured \n+00044230: 426f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 4546 Boot, Prev: UEF\n+00044240: 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e I secure boot an\n+00044250: 6420 7368 696d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 d shim, Up: Sec\n+00044260: 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3420 456d 6265 urity..19.4 Embe\n+00044270: 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e dded information\n+00044280: 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 for generation \n+00044290: 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 6576 number based rev\n+000442a0: 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ocation.========\n 000442b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000442c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000442d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000442e0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 5365 6375 7265 ====..The Secure\n-000442f0: 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 Boot Advanced T\n-00044300: 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2028 5342 4154 2920 argeting (SBAT) \n-00044310: 6973 2061 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2074 is a mechanism t\n-00044320: 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 650a 7265 766f o allow the.revo\n-00044330: 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 636f 6d70 6f6e cation of compon\n-00044340: 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 ents in the boot\n-00044350: 2070 6174 6820 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2067 path by using g\n-00044360: 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 eneration number\n-00044370: 730a 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 s.embedded into \n-00044380: 7468 6520 4546 4920 6269 6e61 7269 6573 the EFI binaries\n-00044390: 2e20 2054 6865 2053 4241 5420 6d65 7461 . The SBAT meta\n-000443a0: 6461 7461 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 data is located \n-000443b0: 696e 2061 6e0a 2e73 6261 7420 6461 7461 in an..sbat data\n-000443c0: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6861 section that ha\n-000443d0: 7320 7365 7420 6f66 2055 5446 2d38 2073 s set of UTF-8 s\n-000443e0: 7472 696e 6773 2061 7320 636f 6d6d 612d trings as comma-\n-000443f0: 7365 7061 7261 7465 640a 7661 6c75 6573 separated.values\n-00044400: 2028 4353 5629 2e20 5365 6520 3c68 7474 (CSV). See f\n-00044440: 6f72 0a6d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e or.more details.\n-00044450: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6164 6420 6120 6461 .. To add a da\n-00044460: 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7461 ta section conta\n-00044470: 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 5342 4154 2069 ining the SBAT i\n-00044480: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 6f20 nformation into \n-00044490: 7468 650a 6269 6e61 7279 2c20 7468 6520 the.binary, the \n-000444a0: e280 982d 2d73 6261 74e2 8099 206f 7074 ...--sbat... opt\n-000444b0: 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ion of ...grub-m\n-000444c0: 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e kimage... comman\n-000444d0: 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 d should be used\n-000444e0: 2e0a 5468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7420 6f66 ..The content of\n-000444f0: 2061 2043 5356 2066 696c 652c 2065 6e63 a CSV file, enc\n-00044500: 6f64 6564 2077 6974 6820 5554 462d 382c oded with UTF-8,\n-00044510: 2069 7320 636f 7069 6564 2061 7320 6973 is copied as is\n-00044520: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2e73 6261 7420 6461 to the..sbat da\n-00044530: 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 6f20 ta section into \n-00044540: 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 4546 the generated EF\n-00044550: 4920 6269 6e61 7279 2e20 2054 6865 2043 I binary. The C\n-00044560: 5356 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 0a73 SV file can be.s\n-00044570: 746f 7265 6420 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f tored anywhere o\n-00044580: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 n the file syste\n-00044590: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b m... grub-mk\n-000445a0: 696d 6167 6520 2d4f 2078 3836 5f36 342d image -O x86_64-\n-000445b0: 6566 6920 2d6f 2067 7275 6278 3634 2e65 efi -o grubx64.e\n-000445c0: 6669 202d 7020 2728 7466 7470 292f 6772 fi -p '(tftp)/gr\n-000445d0: 7562 2720 2d2d 7362 6174 2073 6261 742e ub' --sbat sbat.\n-000445e0: 6373 7620 6566 696e 6574 2074 6674 700a csv efinet tftp.\n-000445f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00044600: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 6561 7375 fo, Node: Measu\n-00044610: 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a red Boot, Next:\n-00044620: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 Lockdown, Prev\n-00044630: 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 : Secure Boot Ad\n-00044640: 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 vanced Targeting\n-00044650: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a , Up: Security.\n-00044660: 0a31 392e 3520 4d65 6173 7572 696e 6720 .19.5 Measuring \n-00044670: 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 730a boot components.\n-00044680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044690: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-000446a0: 4966 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c If the tpm modul\n-000446b0: 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 e is loaded and \n-000446c0: 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2068 6173 the platform has\n-000446d0: 2061 2054 7275 7374 6564 2050 6c61 7466 a Trusted Platf\n-000446e0: 6f72 6d0a 4d6f 6475 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 orm.Module insta\n-000446f0: 6c6c 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 lled, GRUB will \n-00044700: 6c6f 6720 6561 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 log each command\n-00044710: 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 6561 executed and ea\n-00044720: 6368 2066 696c 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 ch file.loaded i\n-00044730: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 5450 4d20 6576 656e nto the TPM even\n-00044740: 7420 6c6f 6720 616e 6420 6578 7465 6e64 t log and extend\n-00044750: 2074 6865 2050 4352 2076 616c 7565 7320 the PCR values \n-00044760: 696e 2074 6865 2054 504d 0a63 6f72 7265 in the TPM.corre\n-00044770: 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 6c79 2e20 2041 6c6c spondingly. All\n-00044780: 2065 7665 6e74 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 events will be \n-00044790: 6c6f 6767 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 logged into the \n-000447a0: 5043 5220 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 PCR described be\n-000447b0: 6c6f 770a 7769 7468 2061 2074 7970 6520 low.with a type \n-000447c0: 6f66 2045 565f 4950 4c20 616e 6420 616e of EV_IPL and an\n-000447d0: 2065 7665 6e74 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 event descripti\n-000447e0: 6f6e 2061 7320 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 on as described \n-000447f0: 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 4576 656e 7420 7479 below...Event ty\n-00044800: 7065 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 pe P\n-00044810: 4352 2020 2020 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 CR Descripti\n-00044820: 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d on.-------------\n+000442e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 5365 ========..The Se\n+000442f0: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n+00044300: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2028 5342 ed Targeting (SB\n+00044310: 4154 2920 6973 2061 206d 6563 6861 6e69 AT) is a mechani\n+00044320: 736d 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 650a sm to allow the.\n+00044330: 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 636f revocation of co\n+00044340: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 mponents in the \n+00044350: 626f 6f74 2070 6174 6820 6279 2075 7369 boot path by usi\n+00044360: 6e67 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 ng generation nu\n+00044370: 6d62 6572 730a 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 mbers.embedded i\n+00044380: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4546 4920 6269 6e61 nto the EFI bina\n+00044390: 7269 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2053 4241 5420 ries. The SBAT \n+000443a0: 6d65 7461 6461 7461 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 metadata is loca\n+000443b0: 7465 6420 696e 2061 6e0a 2e73 6261 7420 ted in an..sbat \n+000443c0: 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2074 6861 data section tha\n+000443d0: 7420 6861 7320 7365 7420 6f66 2055 5446 t has set of UTF\n+000443e0: 2d38 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7320 636f -8 strings as co\n+000443f0: 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 640a 7661 mma-separated.va\n+00044400: 6c75 6573 2028 4353 5629 2e20 5365 6520 lues (CSV). See \n+00044410: 3c68 7474 7073 3a2f 2f67 6974 6875 622e for.more deta\n+00044450: 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6164 6420 ils... To add \n+00044460: 6120 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2063 a data section c\n+00044470: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 5342 ontaining the SB\n+00044480: 4154 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 AT information i\n+00044490: 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 6269 6e61 7279 2c20 nto the.binary, \n+000444a0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6261 74e2 8099 the ...--sbat...\n+000444b0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 6772 option of ...gr\n+000444c0: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 636f ub-mkimage... co\n+000444d0: 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 mmand should be \n+000444e0: 7573 6564 2e0a 5468 6520 636f 6e74 656e used..The conten\n+000444f0: 7420 6f66 2061 2043 5356 2066 696c 652c t of a CSV file,\n+00044500: 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 2077 6974 6820 5554 encoded with UT\n+00044510: 462d 382c 2069 7320 636f 7069 6564 2061 F-8, is copied a\n+00044520: 7320 6973 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2e73 6261 s is to the..sba\n+00044530: 7420 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 t data section i\n+00044540: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 nto the generate\n+00044550: 6420 4546 4920 6269 6e61 7279 2e20 2054 d EFI binary. T\n+00044560: 6865 2043 5356 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e20 he CSV file can \n+00044570: 6265 0a73 746f 7265 6420 616e 7977 6865 be.stored anywhe\n+00044580: 7265 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2073 re on the file s\n+00044590: 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 ystem... gru\n+000445a0: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 2d4f 2078 3836 b-mkimage -O x86\n+000445b0: 5f36 342d 6566 6920 2d6f 2067 7275 6278 _64-efi -o grubx\n+000445c0: 3634 2e65 6669 202d 7020 2728 7466 7470 64.efi -p '(tftp\n+000445d0: 292f 6772 7562 2720 2d2d 7362 6174 2073 )/grub' --sbat s\n+000445e0: 6261 742e 6373 7620 6566 696e 6574 2074 bat.csv efinet t\n+000445f0: 6674 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ftp....File: gru\n+00044600: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d b.info, Node: M\n+00044610: 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 204e easured Boot, N\n+00044620: 6578 743a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 ext: Lockdown, \n+00044630: 5072 6576 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f Prev: Secure Boo\n+00044640: 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 t Advanced Targe\n+00044650: 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 ting, Up: Secur\n+00044660: 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3520 4d65 6173 7572 ity..19.5 Measur\n+00044670: 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 ing boot compone\n+00044680: 6e74 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nts.============\n+00044690: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000446a0: 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d ==..If the tpm m\n+000446b0: 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 odule is loaded \n+000446c0: 616e 6420 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d and the platform\n+000446d0: 2068 6173 2061 2054 7275 7374 6564 2050 has a Trusted P\n+000446e0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 4d6f 6475 6c65 2069 latform.Module i\n+000446f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 nstalled, GRUB w\n+00044700: 696c 6c20 6c6f 6720 6561 6368 2063 6f6d ill log each com\n+00044710: 6d61 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e mand executed an\n+00044720: 6420 6561 6368 2066 696c 650a 6c6f 6164 d each file.load\n+00044730: 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 5450 4d20 ed into the TPM \n+00044740: 6576 656e 7420 6c6f 6720 616e 6420 6578 event log and ex\n+00044750: 7465 6e64 2074 6865 2050 4352 2076 616c tend the PCR val\n+00044760: 7565 7320 696e 2074 6865 2054 504d 0a63 ues in the TPM.c\n+00044770: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 6c79 2e20 orrespondingly. \n+00044780: 2041 6c6c 2065 7665 6e74 7320 7769 6c6c All events will\n+00044790: 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 be logged into \n+000447a0: 7468 6520 5043 5220 6465 7363 7269 6265 the PCR describe\n+000447b0: 6420 6265 6c6f 770a 7769 7468 2061 2074 d below.with a t\n+000447c0: 7970 6520 6f66 2045 565f 4950 4c20 616e ype of EV_IPL an\n+000447d0: 6420 616e 2065 7665 6e74 2064 6573 6372 d an event descr\n+000447e0: 6970 7469 6f6e 2061 7320 6465 7363 7269 iption as descri\n+000447f0: 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 4576 656e bed below...Even\n+00044800: 7420 7479 7065 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t type \n+00044810: 2020 2050 4352 2020 2020 2044 6573 6372 PCR Descr\n+00044820: 6970 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d iption.---------\n 00044830: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00044840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00044850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00044860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a43 --------------.C\n-00044870: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ommand \n-00044880: 2020 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416c 8 Al\n-00044890: 6c20 6578 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 l executed comma\n-000448a0: 6e64 7320 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 nds (including t\n-000448b0: 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hose. \n+00044860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00044870: 2d2d 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2020 2020 2020 --.Command \n+00044880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 8 \n+00044890: 2020 416c 6c20 6578 6563 7574 6564 2063 All executed c\n+000448a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 ommands (includi\n+000448b0: 6e67 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ng those. \n 000448c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000448d0: 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 from configu\n-000448e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2920 7769 ration files) wi\n-000448f0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 0a20 2020 ll be logged. \n-00044900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 and \n-00044920: 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 7320 656e 7465 measured as ente\n-00044930: 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 2070 7265 6669 red with a prefi\n-00044940: 7820 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x of. \n+000448d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2063 6f6e from con\n+000448e0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 figuration files\n+000448f0: 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 ) will be logged\n+00044900: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00044910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044920: 616e 6420 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 7320 and measured as \n+00044930: 656e 7465 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 2070 entered with a p\n+00044940: 7265 6669 7820 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 refix of. \n 00044950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044960: 2020 2020 2267 7275 625f 636d 643a 2022 \"grub_cmd: \"\n-00044970: 0a4b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 .Kernel command \n-00044980: 6c69 6e65 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 line 8 \n-00044990: 416e 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 Any command line\n-000449a0: 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f 2061 206b 6572 passed to a ker\n-000449b0: 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 nel will. \n+00044960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2267 7275 625f 636d \"grub_cm\n+00044970: 643a 2022 0a4b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d d: \".Kernel comm\n+00044980: 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2020 2020 3820 2020 and line 8 \n+00044990: 2020 2020 416e 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 Any command \n+000449a0: 6c69 6e65 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f 2061 line passed to a\n+000449b0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 kernel will. \n 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sed to a kernel.\n-00044a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d m\n-00044aa0: 6f64 756c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f odule will be lo\n-00044ab0: 6767 6564 2061 6e64 206d 6561 7375 7265 gged and measure\n-00044ac0: 6420 6173 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d as. \n+00044a20: 2020 2020 7072 6566 6978 206f 6620 226b prefix of \"k\n+00044a30: 6572 6e65 6c5f 636d 646c 696e 653a 2022 ernel_cmdline: \"\n+00044a40: 0a4d 6f64 756c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 .Module command \n+00044a50: 6c69 6e65 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 line 8 \n+00044a60: 416e 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 Any command line\n+00044a70: 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f 2061 206b 6572 passed to a ker\n+00044a80: 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nel. \n+00044a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044aa0: 2020 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 module will b\n+00044ab0: 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 206d 6561 e logged and mea\n+00044ac0: 7375 7265 6420 6173 0a20 2020 2020 2020 sured as. \n 00044ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044ae0: 2020 2020 656e 7465 7265 6420 7769 7468 entered with\n-00044af0: 2061 2070 7265 6669 7820 6f66 2022 6d6f a prefix of \"mo\n-00044b00: 6475 6c65 5f63 6d64 6c69 6e65 3a0a 2020 dule_cmdline:. \n-00044b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 0a46 \".F\n-00044b30: 696c 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iles \n-00044b40: 2020 2020 2020 3920 2020 2020 2020 416e 9 An\n-00044b50: 7920 6669 6c65 2072 6561 6420 6279 2047 y file read by G\n-00044b60: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 RUB will be logg\n-00044b70: 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed and. \n+00044ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 656e 7465 7265 6420 entered \n+00044af0: 7769 7468 2061 2070 7265 6669 7820 6f66 with a prefix of\n+00044b00: 2022 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f63 6d64 6c69 6e65 \"module_cmdline\n+00044b10: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. \n+00044b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044b30: 2022 0a46 696c 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 \".Files \n+00044b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3920 2020 2020 9 \n+00044b50: 2020 416e 7920 6669 6c65 2072 6561 6420 Any file read \n+00044b60: 6279 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 by GRUB will be \n+00044b70: 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 logged and. \n 00044b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044b90: 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2077 measured w\n-00044ba0: 6974 6820 6120 6465 7363 7269 7074 6976 ith a descriptiv\n-00044bb0: 6520 7465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e text. \n+00044b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6173 7572 measur\n+00044ba0: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 6465 7363 7269 ed with a descri\n+00044bb0: 7074 6976 6520 7465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 ptive text. \n 00044bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044bd0: 2020 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 correspond\n-00044be0: 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 2066 696c 656e ing to the filen\n-00044bf0: 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 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As such \n-00044cb0: 6974 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 it is recommende\n-00044cc0: 640a 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d d.that the tpm m\n-00044cd0: 6f64 756c 6520 6265 2062 7569 6c74 2069 odule be built i\n-00044ce0: 6e74 6f20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 nto ...core.img.\n-00044cf0: 8099 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2061 .. in order to a\n-00044d00: 766f 6964 2061 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 616c void a.potential\n-00044d10: 2067 6170 2069 6e20 6d65 6173 7572 656d gap in measurem\n-00044d20: 656e 7420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 e280 9863 ent between ...c\n-00044d30: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2062 6569 6e67 ore.img... being\n-00044d40: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 loaded and the \n-00044d50: 7470 6d0a 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 6569 6e67 tpm.module being\n-00044d60: 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 204d 6561 loaded... Mea\n-00044d70: 7375 7265 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6375 sured boot is cu\n-00044d80: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 rrently only sup\n-00044d90: 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 4546 4920 616e ported on EFI an\n-00044da0: 6420 4942 4d20 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a50 d IBM IEEE1275.P\n-00044db0: 6f77 6572 5043 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 owerPC platforms\n-00044dc0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00044dd0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f63 info, Node: Loc\n-00044de0: 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d65 kdown, Prev: Me\n-00044df0: 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 asured Boot, Up\n-00044e00: 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e36 : Security..19.6\n-00044e10: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 7768 656e 2062 Lockdown when b\n-00044e20: 6f6f 7469 6e67 206f 6e20 6120 7365 6375 ooting on a secu\n-00044e30: 7265 2073 6574 7570 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d re setup.=======\n+00044bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 corres\n+00044be0: 706f 6e64 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 2066 ponding to the f\n+00044bf0: 696c 656e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 ilename... GRU\n+00044c00: 4220 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 206d 6561 7375 B will not measu\n+00044c10: 7265 2069 7473 206f 776e 20e2 8098 636f re its own ...co\n+00044c20: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 2d20 6974 2069 re.img... - it i\n+00044c30: 7320 6578 7065 6374 6564 2074 6861 740a s expected that.\n+00044c40: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6361 firmware will ca\n+00044c50: 7272 7920 7468 6973 206f 7574 2e20 2047 rry this out. G\n+00044c60: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2061 6c73 6f20 6e6f RUB will also no\n+00044c70: 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 616e 790a 6d65 t perform any.me\n+00044c80: 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2075 6e74 696c asurements until\n+00044c90: 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 the tpm module \n+00044ca0: 6973 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4173 2073 is loaded. As s\n+00044cb0: 7563 6820 6974 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d uch it is recomm\n+00044cc0: 656e 6465 640a 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 ended.that the t\n+00044cd0: 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6265 2062 7569 pm module be bui\n+00044ce0: 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 e280 9863 6f72 652e lt into ...core.\n+00044cf0: 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 img... in order \n+00044d00: 746f 2061 766f 6964 2061 0a70 6f74 656e to avoid a.poten\n+00044d10: 7469 616c 2067 6170 2069 6e20 6d65 6173 tial gap in meas\n+00044d20: 7572 656d 656e 7420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 urement between \n+00044d30: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2062 ...core.img... b\n+00044d40: 6569 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 eing loaded and \n+00044d50: 7468 6520 7470 6d0a 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 the tpm.module b\n+00044d60: 6569 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 eing loaded... \n+00044d70: 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 626f 6f74 2069 Measured boot i\n+00044d80: 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 s currently only\n+00044d90: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 4546 supported on EF\n+00044da0: 4920 616e 6420 4942 4d20 4945 4545 3132 I and IBM IEEE12\n+00044db0: 3735 0a50 6f77 6572 5043 2070 6c61 7466 75.PowerPC platf\n+00044dc0: 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 orms.....File: g\n+00044dd0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00044de0: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 Lockdown, Prev\n+00044df0: 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c : Measured Boot,\n+00044e00: 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a Up: Security..\n+00044e10: 3139 2e36 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 7768 19.6 Lockdown wh\n+00044e20: 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 206f 6e20 6120 en booting on a \n+00044e30: 7365 6375 7265 2073 6574 7570 0a3d 3d3d secure setup.===\n 00044e40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044e50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044e60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2047 5255 4220 =====..The GRUB \n-00044e70: 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 646f can be locked do\n-00044e80: 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 6564 206f wn when booted o\n-00044e90: 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 n a secure boot \n-00044ea0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 0a66 6f72 environment,.for\n-00044eb0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 example if the \n-00044ec0: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI secure boot\n-00044ed0: 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 4f6e is enabled. On\n-00044ee0: 2061 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 646f 776e 0a63 a locked down.c\n-00044ef0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 7468 onfiguration, th\n-00044f00: 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 e GRUB will be r\n-00044f10: 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 616e 6420 736f estricted and so\n-00044f20: 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732f 636f me operations/co\n-00044f30: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a63 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 mmands.cannot be\n-00044f40: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2054 executed... T\n-00044f50: 6865 20e2 8098 6c6f 636b 646f 776e e280 he ...lockdown..\n-00044f60: 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 . variable is se\n-00044f70: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2077 6865 t to ...y... whe\n-00044f80: 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c6f n the GRUB is lo\n-00044f90: 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a4f 7468 6572 cked down..Other\n-00044fa0: 7769 7365 2069 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 wise it does not\n-00044fb0: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 exit.....File: \n-00044fc0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00044fd0: 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 : Platform limit\n-00044fe0: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2050 ations, Next: P\n-00044ff0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 latform-specific\n-00045000: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5072 operations, Pr\n-00045010: 6576 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 2c20 2055 ev: Security, U\n-00045020: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3230 2050 6c61 7466 p: Top..20 Platf\n-00045030: 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 730a orm limitations.\n-00045040: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00045050: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4232 2069 *******..GRUB2 i\n-00045060: 7320 6465 7369 676e 6564 2074 6f20 6265 s designed to be\n-00045070: 2070 6f72 7461 626c 6520 616e 6420 6973 portable and is\n-00045080: 2061 6374 7561 6c6c 7920 706f 7274 6564 actually ported\n-00045090: 2061 6372 6f73 730a 706c 6174 666f 726d across.platform\n-000450a0: 732e 2020 5765 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6b65 s. We try to ke\n-000450b0: 6570 2061 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 ep all platforms\n-000450c0: 2061 7420 7468 6520 6c65 7665 6c2e 2020 at the level. \n-000450d0: 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 790a 736f Unfortunately.so\n-000450e0: 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 7265 me platforms are\n-000450f0: 2062 6574 7465 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7465 better supporte\n-00045100: 6420 7468 616e 206f 7468 6572 732e 2020 d than others. \n-00045110: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 This is detailed\n-00045120: 2069 6e0a 6375 7272 656e 7420 616e 6420 in.current and \n-00045130: 3220 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7365 6374 2 following sect\n-00045140: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 416c 6c20 706c ions... All pl\n-00045150: 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 2061 6e20 atforms have an \n-00045160: 6172 7469 6669 6369 616c 6c79 2047 5255 artificially GRU\n-00045170: 4220 696d 706f 7365 6420 6469 736b 2073 B imposed disk s\n-00045180: 697a 6520 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e0a ize restriction.\n-00045190: 6f66 2031 2045 6942 2e20 496e 2073 6f6d of 1 EiB. In som\n-000451a0: 6520 6361 7365 732c 206c 6172 6765 7220 e cases, larger \n-000451b0: 6469 736b 2073 697a 6573 2063 616e 2062 disk sizes can b\n-000451c0: 6520 7573 6564 2c20 6275 7420 6163 6365 e used, but acce\n-000451d0: 7373 2077 696c 6c0a 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 ss will.not be a\n-000451e0: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 6579 6f6e 6420 3120 llowed beyond 1 \n-000451f0: 4569 422e 0a0a 2020 204c 554b 5332 2064 EiB... LUKS2 d\n-00045200: 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 6820 7369 7a65 evices with size\n-00045210: 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 616e 2031 3620 larger than 16 \n-00045220: 4569 4220 6172 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c EiB are currentl\n-00045230: 7920 6e6f 740a 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e y not.supported.\n-00045240: 2020 5468 6579 2063 616e 206e 6f74 2062 They can not b\n-00045250: 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 6173 2063 7279 e created as cry\n-00045260: 7074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 2063 pto devices by c\n-00045270: 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 736f 0a63 ryptomount, so.c\n-00045280: 616e 206e 6f74 2065 7665 6e20 6265 2070 an not even be p\n-00045290: 6172 7469 616c 6c79 2072 6561 6420 6672 artially read fr\n-000452a0: 6f6d 2e20 204c 554b 5320 6861 7665 206e om. LUKS have n\n-000452b0: 6f20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6f74 o limitations ot\n-000452c0: 6865 720a 7468 616e 2074 686f 7365 2069 her.than those i\n-000452d0: 6d70 6f73 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 666f mposed by the fo\n-000452e0: 726d 6174 2e0a 0a20 2020 4152 4320 706c rmat... ARC pl\n-000452f0: 6174 666f 726d 2069 7320 756e 6162 6c65 atform is unable\n-00045300: 2074 6f20 6368 616e 6765 2064 6174 6574 to change datet\n-00045310: 696d 6520 2866 6972 6d77 6172 6520 646f ime (firmware do\n-00045320: 6573 6e27 7420 7365 656d 2074 6f0a 7072 esn't seem to.pr\n-00045330: 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e ovide a function\n-00045340: 2066 6f72 2069 7429 2e20 2045 4d55 2068 for it). EMU h\n-00045350: 6173 2073 696d 696c 6172 206c 696d 6974 as similar limit\n-00045360: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 454d ation... On EM\n-00045370: 5520 706c 6174 666f 726d 206e 6f20 7365 U platform no se\n-00045380: 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 2061 7661 rial port is ava\n-00045390: 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 6e73 ilable... Cons\n-000453a0: 6f6c 6520 6368 6172 7365 7420 7265 6665 ole charset refe\n-000453b0: 7273 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2066 6972 6d77 rs only to firmw\n-000453c0: 6172 652d 6173 7369 7374 6564 2063 6f6e are-assisted con\n-000453d0: 736f 6c65 2e20 2067 6678 7465 726d 2069 sole. gfxterm i\n-000453e0: 730a 616c 7761 7973 2055 6e69 636f 6465 s.always Unicode\n-000453f0: 2028 7365 6520 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f (see Internatio\n-00045400: 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2073 6563 7469 nalisation secti\n-00045410: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 7473 206c 696d 6974 on for its limit\n-00045420: 6174 696f 6e73 292e 0a53 6572 6961 6c20 ations)..Serial \n-00045430: 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 is configurable \n-00045440: 746f 2055 5446 2d38 206f 7220 4153 4349 to UTF-8 or ASCI\n-00045450: 4920 2873 6565 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 I (see Internati\n-00045460: 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e29 2e20 2049 onalisation). I\n-00045470: 6e0a 6361 7365 206f 6620 7165 6d75 2061 n.case of qemu a\n-00045480: 6e64 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 706f 7274 nd coreboot port\n-00045490: 7320 7468 6520 7265 6665 7265 6420 636f s the refered co\n-000454a0: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6973 2076 6761 5f74 6578 nsole is vga_tex\n-000454b0: 742e 0a4c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 616c 7761 t..Loongson alwa\n-000454c0: 7973 2075 7365 7320 6766 7874 6572 6d2e ys uses gfxterm.\n-000454d0: 0a0a 2020 204d 6f73 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 .. Most limite\n-000454e0: 6420 6f6e 6520 6973 2041 5343 4949 2e20 d one is ASCII. \n-000454f0: 4350 3433 3720 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 CP437 provides a\n-00045500: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 7073 6575 dditionally.pseu\n-00045510: 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 2e20 2047 5255 dographics. GRU\n-00045520: 4232 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2075 7365 2061 B2 doesn't use a\n-00045530: 6e79 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 6368 6172 ny language char\n-00045540: 6163 7465 7273 2066 726f 6d20 4350 3433 acters from CP43\n-00045550: 3720 6173 0a6f 6674 656e 2043 5034 3337 7 as.often CP437\n-00045560: 2069 7320 7265 706c 6163 6564 2062 7920 is replaced by \n-00045570: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 2065 6e63 6f64 696e national encodin\n-00045580: 6720 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 206f 6e6c g compatible onl\n-00045590: 7920 696e 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 7261 7068 y in.pseudograph\n-000455a0: 6963 732e 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 6973 ics. Unicode is\n-000455b0: 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7665 7273 6174 the most versat\n-000455c0: 696c 6520 6368 6172 7365 7420 7768 6963 ile charset whic\n-000455d0: 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7473 0a6d 616e 7920 h supports.many \n-000455e0: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 732e 2020 486f 7765 languages. Howe\n-000455f0: 7665 7220 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 2063 ver the actual c\n-00045600: 6f6e 736f 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 6d75 onsole may be mu\n-00045610: 6368 206d 6f72 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 640a ch more limited.\n-00045620: 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2066 6972 depending on fir\n-00045630: 6d77 6172 650a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2042 494f mware.. On BIO\n-00045640: 532c 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 7320 7375 S, network is su\n-00045650: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 pported only if \n-00045660: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6973 206c 6f61 the image is loa\n-00045670: 6465 6420 7468 726f 7567 680a 6e65 7477 ded through.netw\n-00045680: 6f72 6b2e 2020 4f6e 2073 7061 7263 3634 ork. On sparc64\n-00045690: 2c20 4752 5542 2069 7320 756e 6162 6c65 , GRUB is unable\n-000456a0: 2074 6f20 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 to determine wh\n-000456b0: 6963 6820 7365 7276 6572 2069 7420 7761 ich server it wa\n-000456c0: 730a 626f 6f74 6564 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a s.booted from...\n-000456d0: 2020 2044 6972 6563 7420 4154 412f 4148 Direct ATA/AH\n-000456e0: 4349 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 CI support allow\n-000456f0: 7320 746f 2063 6972 6375 6d76 656e 7420 s to circumvent \n-00045700: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6669 726d 7761 7265 various firmware\n-00045710: 0a6c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2062 7574 .limitations but\n-00045720: 2069 736e 2774 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f isn't needed fo\n-00045730: 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 r normal operati\n-00045740: 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7420 6f6e 2062 6172 on except on bar\n-00045750: 656d 6574 616c 0a70 6f72 7473 2e0a 0a20 emetal.ports... \n-00045760: 2020 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 7375 AT keyboard su\n-00045770: 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 206b 6579 pport allows key\n-00045780: 626f 6172 6420 6c61 796f 7574 2072 656d board layout rem\n-00045790: 6170 7069 6e67 2061 6e64 2073 7570 706f apping and suppo\n-000457a0: 7274 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 7320 6e6f 7420 rt for.keys not \n-000457b0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7468 726f 7567 available throug\n-000457c0: 6820 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2049 7420 h firmware. It \n-000457d0: 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 isn't needed for\n-000457e0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 6f70 6572 6174 696f normal.operatio\n-000457f0: 6e20 6578 6365 7074 2062 6172 656d 6574 n except baremet\n-00045800: 616c 2070 6f72 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 5370 al ports... Sp\n-00045810: 6561 6b65 7220 616c 6c6f 7773 206d 6f72 eaker allows mor\n-00045820: 7365 2061 6e64 2073 706b 6d6f 6465 6d20 se and spkmodem \n-00045830: 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a communication...\n-00045840: 2020 2055 5342 2073 7570 706f 7274 2070 USB support p\n-00045850: 726f 7669 6465 7320 6265 6e65 6669 7473 rovides benefits\n-00045860: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 4154 4120 similar to ATA \n-00045870: 2866 6f72 2055 5342 2064 6973 6b73 2920 (for USB disks) \n-00045880: 6f72 2041 540a 2866 6f72 2055 5342 206b or AT.(for USB k\n-00045890: 6579 626f 6172 6473 292e 2020 496e 2061 eyboards). In a\n-000458a0: 6464 6974 696f 6e20 6974 2061 6c6c 6f77 ddition it allow\n-000458b0: 7320 5553 4273 6572 6961 6c2e 0a0a 2020 s USBserial... \n-000458c0: 2043 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7265 Chainloading re\n-000458d0: 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 696c fers to the abil\n-000458e0: 6974 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 ity to load anot\n-000458f0: 6865 7220 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 her bootloader t\n-00045900: 6872 6f75 6768 0a74 6865 2073 616d 6520 hrough.the same \n-00045910: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 0a0a 2020 2048 696e protocol.. Hin\n-00045920: 7473 2061 6c6c 6f77 2066 6173 7465 7220 ts allow faster \n-00045930: 6469 736b 2064 6973 636f 7665 7279 2062 disk discovery b\n-00045940: 7920 616c 7265 6164 7920 6b6e 6f77 696e y already knowin\n-00045950: 6720 696e 2061 6476 616e 6365 2077 6869 g in advance whi\n-00045960: 6368 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b 2069 ch.is the disk i\n-00045970: 6e20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e20 n question. On \n-00045980: 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 some platforms h\n-00045990: 696e 7473 2061 7265 2063 6f72 7265 6374 ints are correct\n-000459a0: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 796f 750a 6d6f 7665 unless you.move\n-000459b0: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 6265 7477 6565 the disk betwee\n-000459c0: 6e20 626f 6f74 732e 2020 4f6e 206f 7468 n boots. On oth\n-000459d0: 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 7427 er platforms it'\n-000459e0: 7320 6a75 7374 2061 6e20 6564 7563 6174 s just an educat\n-000459f0: 6564 0a67 7565 7373 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 ed.guess. Note \n-00045a00: 7468 6174 2068 696e 7420 6661 696c 7572 that hint failur\n-00045a10: 6520 7265 7375 6c74 7320 696e 206a 7573 e results in jus\n-00045a20: 7420 7265 6475 6365 6420 7065 7266 6f72 t reduced perfor\n-00045a30: 6d61 6e63 652c 206e 6f74 0a61 2066 6169 mance, not.a fai\n-00045a40: 6c75 7265 0a0a 2020 2042 6164 5241 4d20 lure.. BadRAM \n-00045a50: 6973 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 is the ability t\n-00045a60: 6f20 6d61 726b 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 o mark some of t\n-00045a70: 6865 2052 414d 2061 7320 2262 6164 222e he RAM as \"bad\".\n-00045a80: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 6475 6520 746f 0a70 Note: due to.p\n-00045a90: 726f 746f 636f 6c20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 rotocol limitati\n-00045aa0: 6f6e 7320 6d69 7073 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f ons mips-loongso\n-00045ab0: 6e20 2877 6974 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 7072 n (with Linux pr\n-00045ac0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 616e 640a 6d69 7073 otocol) and.mips\n-00045ad0: 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2063 616e 2075 -qemu_mips can u\n-00045ae0: 7365 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2075 se only memory u\n-00045af0: 7020 746f 2066 6972 7374 2068 6f6c 652e p to first hole.\n-00045b00: 0a0a 2020 2042 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f .. Bootlocatio\n-00045b10: 6e20 6973 2061 6269 6c69 7479 206f 6620 n is ability of \n-00045b20: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 GRUB to automati\n-00045b30: 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 2077 6865 cally detect whe\n-00045b40: 7265 2069 740a 626f 6f74 7320 6672 6f6d re it.boots from\n-00045b50: 2e20 2022 6469 736b 2220 6d65 616e 7320 . \"disk\" means \n-00045b60: 7468 6520 6465 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6973 the detection is\n-00045b70: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6465 7465 limited to dete\n-00045b80: 6374 696e 6720 7468 6520 6469 736b 0a77 cting the disk.w\n-00045b90: 6974 6820 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6265 ith partition be\n-00045ba0: 696e 6720 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 206f ing discovered o\n-00045bb0: 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 7469 6d65 2e20 n install time. \n-00045bc0: 2022 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e22 206d 6561 \"partition\" mea\n-00045bd0: 6e73 2074 6861 740a 6469 736b 2061 6e64 ns that.disk and\n-00045be0: 2070 6172 7469 746f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 partiton can be\n-00045bf0: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 automatically d\n-00045c00: 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 2266 696c iscovered. \"fil\n-00045c10: 6522 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a 626f e\" means that.bo\n-00045c20: 6f74 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 6e61 ot image file na\n-00045c30: 6d65 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6469 me as well as di\n-00045c40: 736b 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e sk and partition\n-00045c50: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6469 7363 6f76 6572 can be discover\n-00045c60: 6564 2e0a 466f 7220 636f 6e73 6973 7465 ed..For consiste\n-00045c70: 6e63 792c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e73 ncy, default ins\n-00045c80: 7461 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6573 2070 6172 tall ignores par\n-00045c90: 7469 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2072 656c 6965 tition and relie\n-00045ca0: 7320 736f 6c65 6c79 206f 6e0a 6469 736b s solely on.disk\n-00045cb0: 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 detection. If \n-00045cc0: 6e6f 2062 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 no bootlocation \n-00045cd0: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 6973 2061 7661 discovery is ava\n-00045ce0: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7220 626f 6f74 2061 ilable or boot a\n-00045cf0: 6e64 0a67 7275 622d 726f 6f74 2064 6973 nd.grub-root dis\n-00045d00: 6b73 2061 7265 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 ks are different\n-00045d10: 2c20 5555 4944 2069 7320 7573 6564 2069 , UUID is used i\n-00045d20: 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 204f 6e20 4152 4320 nstead. On ARC \n-00045d30: 6966 206e 6f0a 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 if no.device to \n-00045d40: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 746f 2069 7320 7370 install to is sp\n-00045d50: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2055 5549 4420 6973 ecified, UUID is\n-00045d60: 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 6420 6173 used instead as\n-00045d70: 2077 656c 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 well... \n-00045d80: 2020 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 2020 2020 BIOS \n-00045d90: 2020 2020 2020 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2020 Coreboot \n-00045da0: 2020 2020 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 Multiboot \n-00045db0: 2020 2020 5165 6d75 0a76 6964 656f 2020 Qemu.video \n-00045dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045de0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045df0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 yes.console\n-00045e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 CP437 \n-00045e10: 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00045e20: 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00045e30: 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 0a63 6861 7273 CP437.chars\n-00045e40: 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 et.network \n-00045e50: 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n-00045e60: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00045e70: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00045e80: 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 o.ATA/AHCI \n-00045e90: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045ea0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00045eb0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045ec0: 730a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 s.AT keyboard \n-00045ed0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045ee0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00045ef0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045f00: 730a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 s.Speaker \n-00045f10: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f20: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00045f30: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045f40: 730a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s.USB \n-00045f50: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f60: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00045f70: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045f80: 730a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 s.chainloader \n-00045f90: 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 local \n-00045fa0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00045fb0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-00045fc0: 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .cpuid \n-00045fd0: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n-00045fe0: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n-00045ff0: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n-00046000: 7469 616c 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 tial.rdmsr \n-00046010: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n-00046020: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00046030: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00046040: 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a77 726d 7372 2020 partial.wrmsr \n-00046050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n-00046060: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n-00046070: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n-00046080: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a68 696e partial.hin\n-00046090: 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 ts gues\n-000460a0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 s guess\n-000460b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 guess \n-000460c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 0a50 guess.P\n-000460d0: 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 CI ye\n-000460e0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-000460f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a62 yes.b\n-00046110: 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 adram ye\n-00046120: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00046130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 yes.c\n-00046150: 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 616c ompression al\n-00046160: 7761 7973 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6f69 ways poi\n-00046170: 6e74 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 ntless no \n-00046180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 no.ex\n-00046190: 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 it yes\n-000461a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-000461b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-000461c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6f6f no.boo\n-000461d0: 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6469 736b tlocation disk\n-000461e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-000461f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 0a20 2020 no.. \n-00046210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 ia32\n-00046220: 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 2061 6d64 3634 EFI amd64\n-00046230: 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 2020 EFI ia32 \n-00046240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 7461 6e69 756d Itanium\n-00046250: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00044e60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2047 =========..The G\n+00044e70: 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f63 6b65 RUB can be locke\n+00044e80: 6420 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 d down when boot\n+00044e90: 6564 206f 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 2062 ed on a secure b\n+00044ea0: 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c oot environment,\n+00044eb0: 0a66 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 6620 .for example if \n+00044ec0: 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 the UEFI secure \n+00044ed0: 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e boot is enabled.\n+00044ee0: 2020 4f6e 2061 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 646f On a locked do\n+00044ef0: 776e 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e wn.configuration\n+00044f00: 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 , the GRUB will \n+00044f10: 6265 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 616e be restricted an\n+00044f20: 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e d some operation\n+00044f30: 732f 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a63 616e 6e6f s/commands.canno\n+00044f40: 7420 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Top..20 P\n+00045030: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 latform limitati\n+00045040: 6f6e 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ons.************\n+00045050: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 ***********..GRU\n+00045060: 4232 2069 7320 6465 7369 676e 6564 2074 B2 is designed t\n+00045070: 6f20 6265 2070 6f72 7461 626c 6520 616e o be portable an\n+00045080: 6420 6973 2061 6374 7561 6c6c 7920 706f d is actually po\n+00045090: 7274 6564 2061 6372 6f73 730a 706c 6174 rted across.plat\n+000450a0: 666f 726d 732e 2020 5765 2074 7279 2074 forms. We try t\n+000450b0: 6f20 6b65 6570 2061 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 o keep all platf\n+000450c0: 6f72 6d73 2061 7420 7468 6520 6c65 7665 orms at the leve\n+000450d0: 6c2e 2020 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c l. Unfortunatel\n+000450e0: 790a 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 y.some platforms\n+000450f0: 2061 7265 2062 6574 7465 7220 7375 7070 are better supp\n+00045100: 6f72 7465 6420 7468 616e 206f 7468 6572 orted than other\n+00045110: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6465 7461 s. This is deta\n+00045120: 696c 6564 2069 6e0a 6375 7272 656e 7420 iled in.current \n+00045130: 616e 6420 3220 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 and 2 following \n+00045140: 7365 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 416c sections... Al\n+00045150: 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 l platforms have\n+00045160: 2061 6e20 6172 7469 6669 6369 616c 6c79 an artificially\n+00045170: 2047 5255 4220 696d 706f 7365 6420 6469 GRUB imposed di\n+00045180: 736b 2073 697a 6520 7265 7374 7269 6374 sk size restrict\n+00045190: 696f 6e0a 6f66 2031 2045 6942 2e20 496e ion.of 1 EiB. In\n+000451a0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 732c 206c 6172 some cases, lar\n+000451b0: 6765 7220 6469 736b 2073 697a 6573 2063 ger disk sizes c\n+000451c0: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2c20 6275 7420 an be used, but \n+000451d0: 6163 6365 7373 2077 696c 6c0a 6e6f 7420 access will.not \n+000451e0: 6265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 6579 6f6e be allowed beyon\n+000451f0: 6420 3120 4569 422e 0a0a 2020 204c 554b d 1 EiB... LUK\n+00045200: 5332 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 6820 S2 devices with \n+00045210: 7369 7a65 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 616e size larger than\n+00045220: 2031 3620 4569 4220 6172 6520 6375 7272 16 EiB are curr\n+00045230: 656e 746c 7920 6e6f 740a 7375 7070 6f72 ently not.suppor\n+00045240: 7465 642e 2020 5468 6579 2063 616e 206e ted. They can n\n+00045250: 6f74 2062 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 6173 ot be created as\n+00045260: 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 7320 crypto devices \n+00045270: 6279 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 by cryptomount, \n+00045280: 736f 0a63 616e 206e 6f74 2065 7665 6e20 so.can not even \n+00045290: 6265 2070 6172 7469 616c 6c79 2072 6561 be partially rea\n+000452a0: 6420 6672 6f6d 2e20 204c 554b 5320 6861 d from. LUKS ha\n+000452b0: 7665 206e 6f20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e ve no limitation\n+000452c0: 7320 6f74 6865 720a 7468 616e 2074 686f s other.than tho\n+000452d0: 7365 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 2062 7920 7468 se imposed by th\n+000452e0: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0a20 2020 4152 e format... AR\n+000452f0: 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2069 7320 756e C platform is un\n+00045300: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 616e 6765 2064 able to change d\n+00045310: 6174 6574 696d 6520 2866 6972 6d77 6172 atetime (firmwar\n+00045320: 6520 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7365 656d 2074 e doesn't seem t\n+00045330: 6f0a 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6675 6e63 o.provide a func\n+00045340: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 7429 2e20 2045 tion for it). E\n+00045350: 4d55 2068 6173 2073 696d 696c 6172 206c MU has similar l\n+00045360: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 204f imitation... O\n+00045370: 6e20 454d 5520 706c 6174 666f 726d 206e n EMU platform n\n+00045380: 6f20 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 o serial port is\n+00045390: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 available... \n+000453a0: 436f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6368 6172 7365 7420 Console charset \n+000453b0: 7265 6665 7273 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2066 refers only to f\n+000453c0: 6972 6d77 6172 652d 6173 7369 7374 6564 irmware-assisted\n+000453d0: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 2067 6678 7465 console. gfxte\n+000453e0: 726d 2069 730a 616c 7761 7973 2055 6e69 rm is.always Uni\n+000453f0: 636f 6465 2028 7365 6520 496e 7465 726e code (see Intern\n+00045400: 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2073 ationalisation s\n+00045410: 6563 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 7473 206c ection for its l\n+00045420: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 292e 0a53 6572 imitations)..Ser\n+00045430: 6961 6c20 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ial is configura\n+00045440: 626c 6520 746f 2055 5446 2d38 206f 7220 ble to UTF-8 or \n+00045450: 4153 4349 4920 2873 6565 2049 6e74 6572 ASCII (see Inter\n+00045460: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e29 nationalisation)\n+00045470: 2e20 2049 6e0a 6361 7365 206f 6620 7165 . In.case of qe\n+00045480: 6d75 2061 6e64 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 mu and coreboot \n+00045490: 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 7265 6665 7265 ports the refere\n+000454a0: 6420 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6973 2076 6761 d console is vga\n+000454b0: 5f74 6578 742e 0a4c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 _text..Loongson \n+000454c0: 616c 7761 7973 2075 7365 7320 6766 7874 always uses gfxt\n+000454d0: 6572 6d2e 0a0a 2020 204d 6f73 7420 6c69 erm... Most li\n+000454e0: 6d69 7465 6420 6f6e 6520 6973 2041 5343 mited one is ASC\n+000454f0: 4949 2e20 4350 3433 3720 7072 6f76 6964 II. CP437 provid\n+00045500: 6573 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a es additionally.\n+00045510: 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 2e20 pseudographics. \n+00045520: 2047 5255 4232 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2075 GRUB2 doesn't u\n+00045530: 7365 2061 6e79 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 se any language \n+00045540: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2066 726f 6d20 characters from \n+00045550: 4350 3433 3720 6173 0a6f 6674 656e 2043 CP437 as.often C\n+00045560: 5034 3337 2069 7320 7265 706c 6163 6564 P437 is replaced\n+00045570: 2062 7920 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 2065 6e63 by national enc\n+00045580: 6f64 696e 6720 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 oding compatible\n+00045590: 206f 6e6c 7920 696e 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 only in.pseudog\n+000455a0: 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 556e 6963 6f64 raphics. Unicod\n+000455b0: 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7665 e is the most ve\n+000455c0: 7273 6174 696c 6520 6368 6172 7365 7420 rsatile charset \n+000455d0: 7768 6963 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7473 0a6d which supports.m\n+000455e0: 616e 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 732e 2020 any languages. \n+000455f0: 486f 7765 7665 7220 7468 6520 6163 7475 However the actu\n+00045600: 616c 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206d 6179 2062 al console may b\n+00045610: 6520 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 6c69 6d69 e much more limi\n+00045620: 7465 640a 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e ted.depending on\n+00045630: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 0a20 2020 4f6e firmware.. On\n+00045640: 2042 494f 532c 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 BIOS, network i\n+00045650: 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 s supported only\n+00045660: 2069 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6973 if the image is\n+00045670: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7468 726f 7567 680a loaded through.\n+00045680: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 4f6e 2073 7061 network. On spa\n+00045690: 7263 3634 2c20 4752 5542 2069 7320 756e rc64, GRUB is un\n+000456a0: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6465 7465 726d 696e able to determin\n+000456b0: 6520 7768 6963 6820 7365 7276 6572 2069 e which server i\n+000456c0: 7420 7761 730a 626f 6f74 6564 2066 726f t was.booted fro\n+000456d0: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2044 6972 6563 7420 4154 m... Direct AT\n+000456e0: 412f 4148 4349 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 A/AHCI support a\n+000456f0: 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2063 6972 6375 6d76 llows to circumv\n+00045700: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6669 726d ent various firm\n+00045710: 7761 7265 0a6c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 ware.limitations\n+00045720: 2062 7574 2069 736e 2774 206e 6565 6465 but isn't neede\n+00045730: 6420 666f 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206f 7065 d for normal ope\n+00045740: 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7420 6f6e ration except on\n+00045750: 2062 6172 656d 6574 616c 0a70 6f72 7473 baremetal.ports\n+00045760: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 ... AT keyboar\n+00045770: 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 d support allows\n+00045780: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6c61 796f 7574 keyboard layout\n+00045790: 2072 656d 6170 7069 6e67 2061 6e64 2073 remapping and s\n+000457a0: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 7320 upport for.keys \n+000457b0: 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7468 not available th\n+000457c0: 726f 7567 6820 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 rough firmware. \n+000457d0: 2049 7420 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 6564 It isn't needed\n+000457e0: 2066 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 6f70 6572 for normal.oper\n+000457f0: 6174 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 2062 6172 ation except bar\n+00045800: 656d 6574 616c 2070 6f72 7473 2e0a 0a20 emetal ports... \n+00045810: 2020 5370 6561 6b65 7220 616c 6c6f 7773 Speaker allows\n+00045820: 206d 6f72 7365 2061 6e64 2073 706b 6d6f morse and spkmo\n+00045830: 6465 6d20 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 696f dem communicatio\n+00045840: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2055 5342 2073 7570 706f n... USB suppo\n+00045850: 7274 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6265 6e65 rt provides bene\n+00045860: 6669 7473 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 fits similar to \n+00045870: 4154 4120 2866 6f72 2055 5342 2064 6973 ATA (for USB dis\n+00045880: 6b73 2920 6f72 2041 540a 2866 6f72 2055 ks) or AT.(for U\n+00045890: 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 6473 292e 2020 SB keyboards). \n+000458a0: 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 6974 2061 In addition it a\n+000458b0: 6c6c 6f77 7320 5553 4273 6572 6961 6c2e llows USBserial.\n+000458c0: 0a0a 2020 2043 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e .. Chainloadin\n+000458d0: 6720 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 6520 g refers to the \n+000458e0: 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 ability to load \n+000458f0: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 another bootload\n+00045900: 6572 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a74 6865 2073 er through.the s\n+00045910: 616d 6520 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 0a0a 2020 ame protocol.. \n+00045920: 2048 696e 7473 2061 6c6c 6f77 2066 6173 Hints allow fas\n+00045930: 7465 7220 6469 736b 2064 6973 636f 7665 ter disk discove\n+00045940: 7279 2062 7920 616c 7265 6164 7920 6b6e ry by already kn\n+00045950: 6f77 696e 6720 696e 2061 6476 616e 6365 owing in advance\n+00045960: 2077 6869 6368 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6469 which.is the di\n+00045970: 736b 2069 6e20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 2e20 sk in question. \n+00045980: 204f 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 On some platfor\n+00045990: 6d73 2068 696e 7473 2061 7265 2063 6f72 ms hints are cor\n+000459a0: 7265 6374 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 796f 750a rect unless you.\n+000459b0: 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 6265 move the disk be\n+000459c0: 7477 6565 6e20 626f 6f74 732e 2020 4f6e tween boots. On\n+000459d0: 206f 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 other platforms\n+000459e0: 2069 7427 7320 6a75 7374 2061 6e20 6564 it's just an ed\n+000459f0: 7563 6174 6564 0a67 7565 7373 2e20 204e ucated.guess. N\n+00045a00: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2068 696e 7420 6661 ote that hint fa\n+00045a10: 696c 7572 6520 7265 7375 6c74 7320 696e ilure results in\n+00045a20: 206a 7573 7420 7265 6475 6365 6420 7065 just reduced pe\n+00045a30: 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 652c 206e 6f74 0a61 rformance, not.a\n+00045a40: 2066 6169 6c75 7265 0a0a 2020 2042 6164 failure.. Bad\n+00045a50: 5241 4d20 6973 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 RAM is the abili\n+00045a60: 7479 2074 6f20 6d61 726b 2073 6f6d 6520 ty to mark some \n+00045a70: 6f66 2074 6865 2052 414d 2061 7320 2262 of the RAM as \"b\n+00045a80: 6164 222e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 6475 6520 ad\". Note: due \n+00045a90: 746f 0a70 726f 746f 636f 6c20 6c69 6d69 to.protocol limi\n+00045aa0: 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6d69 7073 2d6c 6f6f tations mips-loo\n+00045ab0: 6e67 736f 6e20 2877 6974 6820 4c69 6e75 ngson (with Linu\n+00045ac0: 7820 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 616e 640a x protocol) and.\n+00045ad0: 6d69 7073 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2063 mips-qemu_mips c\n+00045ae0: 616e 2075 7365 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6d6f an use only memo\n+00045af0: 7279 2075 7020 746f 2066 6972 7374 2068 ry up to first h\n+00045b00: 6f6c 652e 0a0a 2020 2042 6f6f 746c 6f63 ole... Bootloc\n+00045b10: 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2061 6269 6c69 7479 ation is ability\n+00045b20: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6175 746f of GRUB to auto\n+00045b30: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 matically detect\n+00045b40: 2077 6865 7265 2069 740a 626f 6f74 7320 where it.boots \n+00045b50: 6672 6f6d 2e20 2022 6469 736b 2220 6d65 from. \"disk\" me\n+00045b60: 616e 7320 7468 6520 6465 7465 6374 696f ans the detectio\n+00045b70: 6e20 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 n is limited to \n+00045b80: 6465 7465 6374 696e 6720 7468 6520 6469 detecting the di\n+00045b90: 736b 0a77 6974 6820 7061 7274 6974 696f sk.with partitio\n+00045ba0: 6e20 6265 696e 6720 6469 7363 6f76 6572 n being discover\n+00045bb0: 6564 206f 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 7469 ed on install ti\n+00045bc0: 6d65 2e20 2022 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e22 me. \"partition\"\n+00045bd0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a 6469 736b means that.disk\n+00045be0: 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 746f 6e20 6361 and partiton ca\n+00045bf0: 6e20 6265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c n be automatical\n+00045c00: 6c79 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 ly discovered. \n+00045c10: 2266 696c 6522 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 \"file\" means tha\n+00045c20: 740a 626f 6f74 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c t.boot image fil\n+00045c30: 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 e name as well a\n+00045c40: 7320 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 s disk and parti\n+00045c50: 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6469 7363 tion can be disc\n+00045c60: 6f76 6572 6564 2e0a 466f 7220 636f 6e73 overed..For cons\n+00045c70: 6973 7465 6e63 792c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 istency, default\n+00045c80: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6573 install ignores\n+00045c90: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2072 partition and r\n+00045ca0: 656c 6965 7320 736f 6c65 6c79 206f 6e0a elies solely on.\n+00045cb0: 6469 736b 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2e20 disk detection. \n+00045cc0: 2049 6620 6e6f 2062 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 If no bootlocat\n+00045cd0: 696f 6e20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 6973 ion discovery is\n+00045ce0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7220 626f available or bo\n+00045cf0: 6f74 2061 6e64 0a67 7275 622d 726f 6f74 ot and.grub-root\n+00045d00: 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 2064 6966 6665 disks are diffe\n+00045d10: 7265 6e74 2c20 5555 4944 2069 7320 7573 rent, UUID is us\n+00045d20: 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 204f 6e20 ed instead. On \n+00045d30: 4152 4320 6966 206e 6f0a 6465 7669 6365 ARC if no.device\n+00045d40: 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 746f 2069 to install to i\n+00045d50: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2055 5549 s specified, UUI\n+00045d60: 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 D is used instea\n+00045d70: 6420 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 d as well... \n+00045d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 BIOS \n+00045d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7265 626f Corebo\n+00045da0: 6f74 2020 2020 2020 204d 756c 7469 626f ot Multibo\n+00045db0: 6f74 2020 2020 2020 5165 6d75 0a76 6964 ot Qemu.vid\n+00045dc0: 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 eo yes \n+00045dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00045de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6e yes.con\n+00045e00: 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 sole CP43\n+00045e10: 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 7 CP437\n+00045e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 CP437 \n+00045e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 0a63 CP437.c\n+00045e40: 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 harset.network \n+00045e50: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 yes (*) \n+00045e60: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00045e70: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00045e80: 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n+00045e90: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045ea0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045eb0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045ec0: 2020 7965 730a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 yes.AT keyboar\n+00045ed0: 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 d yes \n+00045ee0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045ef0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f00: 2020 7965 730a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 yes.Speaker \n+00045f10: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f20: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f30: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f40: 2020 7965 730a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 yes.USB \n+00045f50: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f60: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f70: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f80: 2020 7965 730a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 yes.chainloade\n+00045f90: 7220 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 r local \n+00045fa0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045fb0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045fc0: 2020 6e6f 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 no.cpuid \n+00045fd0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n+00045fe0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00045ff0: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046000: 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a72 646d 7372 2020 partial.rdmsr \n+00046010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n+00046020: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n+00046030: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n+00046040: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a77 726d partial.wrm\n+00046050: 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 sr part\n+00046060: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n+00046070: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n+00046080: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n+00046090: 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .hints \n+000460a0: 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 guess g\n+000460b0: 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 uess gu\n+000460c0: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 ess gue\n+000460d0: 7373 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ss.PCI \n+000460e0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000460f0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046100: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00046110: 6573 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 es.badram \n+00046120: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046130: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046140: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00046150: 6573 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 es.compression \n+00046160: 2020 616c 7761 7973 2020 2020 2020 2020 always \n+00046170: 2070 6f69 6e74 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 pointless \n+00046180: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046190: 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.exit \n+000461a0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461b0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+000461c0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+000461d0: 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 .bootlocation \n+000461e0: 6469 736b 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e disk n\n+000461f0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+00046210: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00046220: 6961 3332 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 2061 ia32 EFI a\n+00046230: 6d64 3634 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 6961 md64 EFI ia\n+00046240: 3332 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 7461 32 Ita\n+00046250: 6e69 756d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nium. \n 00046260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00046270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4945 IE\n-00046280: 4545 3132 3735 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 EE1275.video \n-00046290: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000462a0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000462b0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000462c0: 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 no.console \n-000462d0: 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2020 2020 Unicode \n-000462e0: 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2020 2020 Unicode \n-000462f0: 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n-00046300: 2020 556e 6963 6f64 650a 6368 6172 7365 Unicode.charse\n-00046310: 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 t.network \n-00046320: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046330: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00046340: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00046350: 730a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 s.ATA/AHCI \n-00046360: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046370: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00046380: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-00046390: 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 .AT keyboard \n-000463a0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-000463b0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-000463c0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n-000463d0: 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 2079 Speaker y\n-000463e0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-000463f0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00046400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 no.U\n-00046410: 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 SB ye\n-00046420: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00046430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 no.ch\n-00046450: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 206c 6f63 ainloader loc\n-00046460: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 al loca\n-00046470: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 l no \n-00046480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c0a local.\n-00046490: 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 cpuid p\n-000464a0: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n-000464b0: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n-000464c0: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a72 tial no.r\n-000464d0: 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 dmsr pa\n-000464e0: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n-000464f0: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n-00046500: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7772 ial no.wr\n-00046510: 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 msr par\n-00046520: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n-00046530: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n-00046540: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a68 696e al no.hin\n-00046550: 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 ts gues\n-00046560: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 s guess\n-00046570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 good \n-00046580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 0a50 guess.P\n-00046590: 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 CI ye\n-000465a0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-000465b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-000465c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 no.ba\n-000465d0: 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 dram yes\n-000465e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-000465f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f yes.co\n-00046610: 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 206e 6f20 mpression no \n-00046620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 no.exi\n-00046650: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 t yes \n-00046660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00046670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00046680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6f6f yes.boo\n-00046690: 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6669 6c65 tlocation file\n-000466a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 file \n-000466b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2c20 file, \n-000466c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 650a 2020 file. \n-000466d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00046270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00046280: 2020 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a76 6964 656f IEEE1275.video\n+00046290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+000462a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+000462b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000462c0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c no.consol\n+000462d0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 e Unicode\n+000462e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 Unicode \n+000462f0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 ASCII \n+00046300: 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 650a 6368 Unicode.ch\n+00046310: 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 arset.network \n+00046320: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046330: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046340: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046350: 2020 7965 730a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 yes.ATA/AHCI \n+00046360: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046370: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046380: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046390: 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 no.AT keyboard\n+000463a0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000463b0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000463c0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000463d0: 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 no.Speaker \n+000463e0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000463f0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046400: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046410: 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n+00046420: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046430: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046440: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046450: 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 o.chainloader \n+00046460: 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 local \n+00046470: 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e local n\n+00046480: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f o lo\n+00046490: 6361 6c0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 cal.cpuid \n+000464a0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+000464b0: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+000464c0: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+000464d0: 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.rdmsr \n+000464e0: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+000464f0: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046500: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 206e partial n\n+00046510: 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.wrmsr \n+00046520: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046530: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n+00046540: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f artial no\n+00046550: 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .hints \n+00046560: 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 guess g\n+00046570: 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f uess go\n+00046580: 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 od gue\n+00046590: 7373 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ss.PCI \n+000465a0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465b0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465c0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+000465d0: 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.badram \n+000465e0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465f0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046600: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n+00046610: 730a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 s.compression \n+00046620: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046630: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046640: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046650: 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .exit \n+00046660: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00046670: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+00046680: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+00046690: 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 .bootlocation \n+000466a0: 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 file f\n+000466b0: 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 ile fi\n+000466c0: 6c65 2c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c le, fil\n+000466d0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 000466e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000466f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 ignor\n-00046700: 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed.. \n-00046710: 2020 204c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2020 2020 Loongson \n-00046720: 2020 7370 6172 6336 3420 2020 2020 2020 sparc64 \n-00046730: 2050 6f77 6572 7063 2020 2020 2020 2020 Powerpc \n-00046740: 4152 430a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 ARC.video \n-00046750: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046760: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046770: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046780: 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 no.console \n-00046790: 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n-000467a0: 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n-000467b0: 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 ASCII A\n-000467c0: 5343 4949 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 SCII.charset.net\n-000467d0: 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 work no \n-000467e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 yes (\n-000467f0: 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 *) yes \n-00046800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f no.ATA/\n-00046810: 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 AHCI yes \n-00046820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 no.AT ke\n-00046850: 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yboard yes \n-00046860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046880: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 no.Speake\n-00046890: 7220 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 r no \n-000468a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000468b0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000468c0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 no.USB \n-000468d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-000468e0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000468f0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046900: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 no.chainloa\n-00046910: 6465 7220 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 der yes \n-00046920: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046930: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046940: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 no.cpuid \n-00046950: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046960: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046970: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046980: 2020 206e 6f0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 no.rdmsr \n-00046990: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469a0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469b0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469c0: 2020 6e6f 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 no.wrmsr \n-000469d0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469e0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469f0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046a00: 206e 6f0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 no.hints \n-00046a10: 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046a20: 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046a30: 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046a40: 6e6f 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.PCI \n-00046a50: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046a60: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046a70: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046a80: 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.badram \n-00046a90: 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n-00046aa0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046ab0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046ac0: 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 .compression \n-00046ad0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2020 206e configurable n\n-00046ae0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e con\n-00046b00: 6669 6775 7261 626c 650a 6578 6974 2020 figurable.exit \n-00046b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00046b30: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046b40: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 626f 6f74 6c6f yes.bootlo\n-00046b50: 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 cation no \n-00046b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f partitio\n-00046b70: 6e20 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 n file \n-00046b80: 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2028 2a29 0a0a file (*)..\n-00046b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d M\n-00046ba0: 4950 5320 7165 6d75 2020 2020 2020 656d IPS qemu em\n-00046bb0: 7520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2078 656e u xen\n-00046bc0: 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .video \n-00046bd0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 no y\n-00046be0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-00046bf0: 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 .console \n-00046c00: 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 CP437 U\n-00046c10: 6e69 636f 6465 2028 2a29 2020 2020 4153 nicode (*) AS\n-00046c20: 4349 490a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 CII.charset.netw\n-00046c30: 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 ork no \n-00046c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00046c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f no.ATA/\n-00046c60: 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 AHCI yes \n-00046c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b no.AT k\n-00046c90: 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 eyboard yes \n-00046ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 no.Spea\n-00046cc0: 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 ker no \n-00046cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 no.USB \n-00046cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 2f41 2020 N/A \n-00046d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00046d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 no.chai\n-00046d20: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2079 6573 2020 nloader yes \n-00046d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 7075 yes.cpu\n-00046d50: 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 id no \n-00046d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 7264 yes.rd\n-00046d80: 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 msr no \n-00046d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a77 yes.w\n-00046db0: 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f rmsr no\n-00046dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00046dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-00046de0: 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 hints g\n-00046df0: 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f uess no\n-00046e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-00046e10: 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e PCI n\n-00046e20: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-00046e40: 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 badram y\n-00046e50: 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es (*) no\n-00046e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-00046e70: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2063 compression c\n-00046e80: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 2020 6e6f onfigurable no\n-00046e90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-00046ea0: 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e exit n\n-00046eb0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n-00046ec0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n-00046ed0: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 206e bootlocation n\n-00046ee0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 o fi\n-00046ef0: 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a le no.\n-00046f00: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00046f10: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 fo, Node: Platf\n-00046f20: 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 orm-specific ope\n-00046f30: 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 rations, Next: \n-00046f40: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c Supported kernel\n-00046f50: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 506c 6174 666f s, Prev: Platfo\n-00046f60: 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 rm limitations, \n-00046f70: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3231 204f 7574 Up: Top..21 Out\n-00046f80: 6c69 6e65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a line.**********.\n-00046f90: 0a53 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 .Some platforms \n-00046fa0: 6861 7665 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 7768 have features wh\n-00046fb0: 6963 6820 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6f20 696d ich allows to im\n-00046fc0: 706c 656d 656e 7420 736f 6d65 2063 6f6d plement some com\n-00046fd0: 6d61 6e64 730a 7573 656c 6573 7320 6f72 mands.useless or\n-00046fe0: 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6162 not implementab\n-00046ff0: 6c65 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 2e0a 0a20 le on others... \n-00047000: 2020 5175 6963 6b20 7375 6d6d 6172 793a Quick summary:\n-00047010: 0a0a 2020 2049 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e .. Information\n-00047020: 2072 6574 7269 6576 616c 3a0a 0a20 2020 retrieval:.. \n-00047030: e280 a220 6d69 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 ... mipsel-loong\n-00047040: 736f 6e3a 206c 7373 7064 0a20 2020 e280 son: lsspd. ..\n-00047050: a220 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 3a20 6c73 6465 . mips-arc: lsde\n-00047060: 760a 2020 20e2 80a2 2065 6669 3a20 6c73 v. ... efi: ls\n-00047070: 6566 6973 7973 7461 622c 206c 7373 616c efisystab, lssal\n-00047080: 2c20 6c73 6566 696d 6d61 702c 206c 7365 , lsefimmap, lse\n-00047090: 6669 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 fi. ... i386-p\n-000470a0: 633a 206c 7361 706d 0a20 2020 e280 a220 c: lsapm. ... \n-000470b0: 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 743a 206c i386-coreboot: l\n-000470c0: 7363 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2063 6f72 6562 scoreboot, coreb\n-000470d0: 6f6f 745f 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 2c20 6362 oot_boottime, cb\n-000470e0: 6d65 6d63 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6163 7069 memc. ... acpi\n-000470f0: 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 2028 6933 3836 2d70 -enabled (i386-p\n-00047100: 632c 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 c, i386-coreboot\n-00047110: 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 , i386-multiboot\n-00047120: 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 3a0a 2020 2020 206c , *-efi):. l\n-00047130: 7361 6370 690a 0a20 2020 576f 726b 6172 sacpi.. Workar\n-00047140: 6f75 6e64 7320 666f 7220 706c 6174 666f ounds for platfo\n-00047150: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 rm-specific issu\n-00047160: 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d es:. ... i386-\n-00047170: 6566 692f 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 3a20 efi/x86_64-efi: \n-00047180: 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 2c20 6661 6b65 6269 loadbios, fakebi\n-00047190: 6f73 2c20 6669 785f 7669 6465 6f0a 2020 os, fix_video. \n-000471a0: 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 692d 656e 6162 6c65 ... acpi-enable\n-000471b0: 6420 2869 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 d (i386-pc, i386\n-000471c0: 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d -coreboot, i386-\n-000471d0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6669 multiboot, *-efi\n-000471e0: 293a 2061 6370 690a 2020 2020 2028 6f76 ): acpi. (ov\n-000471f0: 6572 7269 6465 2041 4350 4920 7461 626c erride ACPI tabl\n-00047200: 6573 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d es). ... i386-\n-00047210: 7063 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 0a20 2020 pc: drivemap. \n-00047220: e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2073 656e ... i386-pc: sen\n-00047230: 646b 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 6476 616e 6365 dkey.. Advance\n-00047240: 6420 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2066 6f72 d operations for\n-00047250: 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 7273 3a0a 2020 power users:. \n-00047260: 20e2 80a2 2078 3836 3a20 696f 7277 2028 ... x86: iorw (\n-00047270: 6469 7265 6374 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f direct access to\n-00047280: 2049 2f4f 2070 6f72 7473 290a 0a20 2020 I/O ports).. \n-00047290: 4d69 7363 656c 616e 656f 7573 3a0a 2020 Miscelaneous:. \n-000472a0: 20e2 80a2 2063 6d6f 7320 2878 3836 2d2a ... cmos (x86-*\n-000472b0: 2c20 6965 6565 3132 3735 2c20 6d69 7073 , ieee1275, mips\n-000472c0: 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2c20 6d69 7073 -qemu_mips, mips\n-000472d0: 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e29 3a20 636d 6f73 -loongson): cmos\n-000472e0: 7465 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2875 7365 6420 test. (used \n-000472f0: 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 7320 on some laptops \n-00047300: 746f 2063 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2073 7065 to check for spe\n-00047310: 6369 616c 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 cial power-on ke\n-00047320: 7929 2c20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e0a 2020 y), cmosclean. \n-00047330: 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 706c ... i386-pc: pl\n-00047340: 6179 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ay....File: grub\n-00047350: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5375 .info, Node: Su\n-00047360: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c pported kernels,\n-00047370: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 Next: Troubles\n-00047380: 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 hooting, Prev: \n-00047390: 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Platform-specifi\n-000473a0: 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2055 c operations, U\n-000473b0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3232 2053 7570 706f p: Top..22 Suppo\n-000473c0: 7274 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 7461 7267 6574 rted boot target\n-000473d0: 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s.**************\n-000473e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a58 3836 ***********..X86\n-000473f0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 7375 6d6d support is summ\n-00047400: 6172 6973 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f arised in the fo\n-00047410: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c 652e 2020 llowing table. \n-00047420: 2259 6573 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 \"Yes\" means that\n-00047430: 2074 6865 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 776f 726b the.kernel work\n-00047440: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 s on the given p\n-00047450: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2022 6372 6173 6865 latform, \"crashe\n-00047460: 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2061 6e20 6561 726c s\" means an earl\n-00047470: 7920 6b65 726e 656c 0a63 7261 7368 2077 y kernel.crash w\n-00047480: 6869 6368 2077 6520 686f 7065 2077 696c hich we hope wil\n-00047490: 6c20 6265 2066 6978 6564 2062 7920 636f l be fixed by co\n-000474a0: 6e63 6572 6e65 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2064 ncerned kernel d\n-000474b0: 6576 656c 6f70 6572 732e 2020 226e 6f22 evelopers. \"no\"\n-000474c0: 0a6d 6561 6e73 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 .means GRUB does\n-000474d0: 6e27 7420 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 2067 6976 n't load the giv\n-000474e0: 656e 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2061 2067 en kernel on a g\n-000474f0: 6976 656e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a22 iven platform..\"\n-00047500: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2220 6d65 616e 7320 headless\" means \n-00047510: 7468 6174 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 that the kernel \n-00047520: 776f 726b 7320 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 works but lacks \n-00047530: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6472 6976 6572 7320 console drivers \n-00047540: 2879 6f75 0a63 616e 2073 7469 6c6c 2075 (you.can still u\n-00047550: 7365 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6f72 206e 6574 se serial or net\n-00047560: 776f 726b 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 292e 2020 work console). \n-00047570: 496e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2022 6e6f 2220 In case of \"no\" \n-00047580: 616e 6420 2263 7261 7368 6573 220a 7468 and \"crashes\".th\n-00047590: 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 e reason is give\n-000475a0: 6e20 696e 2066 6f6f 746e 6f74 652e 0a20 n in footnote.. \n-000475b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000466f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n+00046700: 676e 6f72 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 gnored.. \n+00046710: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 Loongson \n+00046720: 2020 2020 2020 7370 6172 6336 3420 2020 sparc64 \n+00046730: 2020 2020 2050 6f77 6572 7063 2020 2020 Powerpc \n+00046740: 2020 2020 4152 430a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 ARC.video \n+00046750: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046760: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046770: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046780: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 no.console \n+00046790: 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n+000467a0: 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n+000467b0: 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n+000467c0: 2020 2041 5343 4949 0a63 6861 7273 6574 ASCII.charset\n+000467d0: 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 .network \n+000467e0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 no y\n+000467f0: 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es (*) ye\n+00046800: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n+00046810: 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 ATA/AHCI y\n+00046820: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n+00046830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00046840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 no.A\n+00046850: 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 T keyboard ye\n+00046860: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n+00046870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+00046880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 no.Sp\n+00046890: 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 eaker no \n+000468a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+000468b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+000468c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 no.USB\n+000468d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+000468e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+000468f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 no.chai\n+00046910: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2079 6573 2020 nloader yes \n+00046920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 7075 6964 no.cpuid\n+00046950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046980: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7264 6d73 7220 no.rdmsr \n+00046990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+000469a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000469b0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000469c0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a77 726d 7372 2020 no.wrmsr \n+000469d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000469e0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000469f0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046a00: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 no.hints \n+00046a10: 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 good \n+00046a20: 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 good \n+00046a30: 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 good \n+00046a40: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 no.PCI \n+00046a50: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046a60: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046a70: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046a80: 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 no.badram \n+00046a90: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+00046aa0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ab0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ac0: 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e no.compression\n+00046ad0: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 configurable\n+00046ae0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046af0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b00: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 650a 6578 configurable.ex\n+00046b10: 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 it no \n+00046b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00046b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00046b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 626f yes.bo\n+00046b50: 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 206e 6f20 otlocation no \n+00046b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 part\n+00046b70: 6974 696f 6e20 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 ition file \n+00046b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2028 file (\n+00046b90: 2a29 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 *).. \n+00046ba0: 2020 204d 4950 5320 7165 6d75 2020 2020 MIPS qemu \n+00046bb0: 2020 656d 7520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 emu \n+00046bc0: 2078 656e 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 xen.video \n+00046bd0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046be0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046bf0: 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 no.console \n+00046c00: 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00046c10: 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2028 2a29 2020 Unicode (*) \n+00046c20: 2020 4153 4349 490a 6368 6172 7365 740a ASCII.charset.\n+00046c30: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 206e network n\n+00046c40: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n+00046c50: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n+00046c60: 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 ATA/AHCI y\n+00046c70: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n+00046c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+00046c90: 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 AT keyboard y\n+00046ca0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n+00046cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+00046cc0: 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 206e Speaker n\n+00046cd0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+00046cf0: 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e USB N\n+00046d00: 2f41 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 /A ye\n+00046d10: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n+00046d20: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2079 chainloader y\n+00046d30: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n+00046d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00046d50: 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .cpuid \n+00046d60: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046d70: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n+00046d80: 730a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 s.rdmsr \n+00046d90: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046da0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 no y\n+00046db0: 6573 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 es.wrmsr \n+00046dc0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046dd0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046de0: 7965 730a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes.hints \n+00046df0: 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+00046e00: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e10: 206e 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.PCI \n+00046e20: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e30: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e40: 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 no.badram \n+00046e50: 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+00046e60: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e70: 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 no.compression \n+00046e80: 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 configurable \n+00046e90: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ea0: 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n+00046eb0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ec0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046ed0: 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e no.bootlocation\n+00046ee0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ef0: 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+00046f00: 206e 6f0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 no....File: gru\n+00046f10: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2050 b.info, Node: P\n+00046f20: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 latform-specific\n+00046f30: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 operations, Ne\n+00046f40: 7874 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 xt: Supported ke\n+00046f50: 726e 656c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 506c rnels, Prev: Pl\n+00046f60: 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f atform limitatio\n+00046f70: 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3231 ns, Up: Top..21\n+00046f80: 204f 7574 6c69 6e65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Outline.*******\n+00046f90: 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f ***..Some platfo\n+00046fa0: 726d 7320 6861 7665 2066 6561 7475 7265 rms have feature\n+00046fb0: 7320 7768 6963 6820 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 s which allows t\n+00046fc0: 6f20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 736f 6d65 o implement some\n+00046fd0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 7573 656c 6573 commands.useles\n+00046fe0: 7320 6f72 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 s or not impleme\n+00046ff0: 6e74 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 ntable on others\n+00047000: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6963 6b20 7375 6d6d ... Quick summ\n+00047010: 6172 793a 0a0a 2020 2049 6e66 6f72 6d61 ary:.. Informa\n+00047020: 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7269 6576 616c 3a0a tion retrieval:.\n+00047030: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 656c 2d6c . ... mipsel-l\n+00047040: 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e3a 206c 7373 7064 0a20 oongson: lsspd. \n+00047050: 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 3a20 ... mips-arc: \n+00047060: 6c73 6465 760a 2020 20e2 80a2 2065 6669 lsdev. ... efi\n+00047070: 3a20 6c73 6566 6973 7973 7461 622c 206c : lsefisystab, l\n+00047080: 7373 616c 2c20 6c73 6566 696d 6d61 702c ssal, lsefimmap,\n+00047090: 206c 7365 6669 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 lsefi. ... i3\n+000470a0: 3836 2d70 633a 206c 7361 706d 0a20 2020 86-pc: lsapm. \n+000470b0: e280 a220 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f ... i386-coreboo\n+000470c0: 743a 206c 7363 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2063 t: lscoreboot, c\n+000470d0: 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 oreboot_boottime\n+000470e0: 2c20 6362 6d65 6d63 0a20 2020 e280 a220 , cbmemc. ... \n+000470f0: 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 2028 6933 acpi-enabled (i3\n+00047100: 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 86-pc, i386-core\n+00047110: 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 boot, i386-multi\n+00047120: 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 3a0a 2020 boot, *-efi):. \n+00047130: 2020 206c 7361 6370 690a 0a20 2020 576f lsacpi.. Wo\n+00047140: 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 7320 666f 7220 706c rkarounds for pl\n+00047150: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 atform-specific \n+00047160: 6973 7375 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 issues:. ... i\n+00047170: 3338 362d 6566 692f 7838 365f 3634 2d65 386-efi/x86_64-e\n+00047180: 6669 3a20 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 2c20 6661 fi: loadbios, fa\n+00047190: 6b65 6269 6f73 2c20 6669 785f 7669 6465 kebios, fix_vide\n+000471a0: 6f0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 692d 656e o. ... acpi-en\n+000471b0: 6162 6c65 6420 2869 3338 362d 7063 2c20 abled (i386-pc, \n+000471c0: 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 i386-coreboot, i\n+000471d0: 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 202a 386-multiboot, *\n+000471e0: 2d65 6669 293a 2061 6370 690a 2020 2020 -efi): acpi. \n+000471f0: 2028 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2041 4350 4920 (override ACPI \n+00047200: 7461 626c 6573 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 tables). ... i\n+00047210: 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 386-pc: drivemap\n+00047220: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a . ... i386-pc:\n+00047230: 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 6476 sendkey.. Adv\n+00047240: 616e 6365 6420 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 anced operations\n+00047250: 2066 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 7273 for power users\n+00047260: 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2078 3836 3a20 696f :. ... x86: io\n+00047270: 7277 2028 6469 7265 6374 2061 6363 6573 rw (direct acces\n+00047280: 7320 746f 2049 2f4f 2070 6f72 7473 290a s to I/O ports).\n+00047290: 0a20 2020 4d69 7363 656c 616e 656f 7573 . Miscelaneous\n+000472a0: 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 6d6f 7320 2878 :. ... cmos (x\n+000472b0: 3836 2d2a 2c20 6965 6565 3132 3735 2c20 86-*, ieee1275, \n+000472c0: 6d69 7073 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2c20 mips-qemu_mips, \n+000472d0: 6d69 7073 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e29 3a20 mips-loongson): \n+000472e0: 636d 6f73 7465 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2875 cmostest. (u\n+000472f0: 7365 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 6c61 7074 sed on some lapt\n+00047300: 6f70 7320 746f 2063 6865 636b 2066 6f72 ops to check for\n+00047310: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f special power-o\n+00047320: 6e20 6b65 7929 2c20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 n key), cmosclea\n+00047330: 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 n. ... i386-pc\n+00047340: 3a20 706c 6179 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 : play....File: \n+00047350: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00047360: 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e : Supported kern\n+00047370: 656c 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5472 6f75 els, Next: Trou\n+00047380: 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 bleshooting, Pr\n+00047390: 6576 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 ev: Platform-spe\n+000473a0: 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 cific operations\n+000473b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3232 2053 , Up: Top..22 S\n+000473c0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 7461 upported boot ta\n+000473d0: 7267 6574 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a rgets.**********\n+000473e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+000473f0: 0a58 3836 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 .X86 support is \n+00047400: 7375 6d6d 6172 6973 6564 2069 6e20 7468 summarised in th\n+00047410: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c e following tabl\n+00047420: 652e 2020 2259 6573 2220 6d65 616e 7320 e. \"Yes\" means \n+00047430: 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 that the.kernel \n+00047440: 776f 726b 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2067 6976 works on the giv\n+00047450: 656e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2022 6372 en platform, \"cr\n+00047460: 6173 6865 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2061 6e20 ashes\" means an \n+00047470: 6561 726c 7920 6b65 726e 656c 0a63 7261 early kernel.cra\n+00047480: 7368 2077 6869 6368 2077 6520 686f 7065 sh which we hope\n+00047490: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6978 6564 2062 will be fixed b\n+000474a0: 7920 636f 6e63 6572 6e65 6420 6b65 726e y concerned kern\n+000474b0: 656c 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 732e 2020 el developers. \n+000474c0: 226e 6f22 0a6d 6561 6e73 2047 5255 4220 \"no\".means GRUB \n+000474d0: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 doesn't load the\n+000474e0: 2067 6976 656e 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e given kernel on\n+000474f0: 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 a given platfor\n+00047500: 6d2e 0a22 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2220 6d65 m..\"headless\" me\n+00047510: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 206b 6572 ans that the ker\n+00047520: 6e65 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6275 7420 6c61 nel works but la\n+00047530: 636b 7320 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6472 6976 cks console driv\n+00047540: 6572 7320 2879 6f75 0a63 616e 2073 7469 ers (you.can sti\n+00047550: 6c6c 2075 7365 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6f72 ll use serial or\n+00047560: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 network console\n+00047570: 292e 2020 496e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2022 ). In case of \"\n+00047580: 6e6f 2220 616e 6420 2263 7261 7368 6573 no\" and \"crashes\n+00047590: 220a 7468 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2069 7320 \".the reason is \n+000475a0: 6769 7665 6e20 696e 2066 6f6f 746e 6f74 given in footnot\n+000475b0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e.. \n 000475c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000475d0: 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n-000475e0: 2020 2020 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 740a 4249 Coreboot.BI\n-000475f0: 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 OS chainloading \n-00047600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047610: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047620: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 no (1).NTLDR\n-00047630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000475d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2020 2020 BIOS \n+000475e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f Coreboo\n+000475f0: 740a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 t.BIOS chainload\n+00047600: 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing \n+00047610: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e no (1).N\n+00047630: 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 TLDR \n 00047640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047650: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047660: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n-00047670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-000476a0: 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6564 6f73 2020 2020 (1).Freedos \n+00047650: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047660: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e no (1).Plan\n+00047670: 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 9 \n+00047680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047690: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000476a0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6564 6f73 no (1).Freedos\n 000476b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000476c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000476d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-000476e0: 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f ).FreeBSD bootlo\n-000476f0: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-00047700: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n-00047720: 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 (1).32-bit kFree\n-00047730: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-00047740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00047750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n-00047760: 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 s (5).64-bit kFr\n-00047770: 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeBSD \n-00047780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00047790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n-000477a0: 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b hes (5).32-bit k\n-000477b0: 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NetBSD \n-000477c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-000477d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n-000477e0: 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 ashes (1).64-bit\n-000477f0: 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-00047800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047810: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00047820: 6372 6173 6865 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b crashes.32-bit k\n-00047830: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 OpenBSD \n-00047840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00047860: 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 s.64-bit kOpenBS\n-00047870: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 yes.Mult\n-000478a0: 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot \n+000476c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+000476d0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e s n\n+000476e0: 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f o (1).FreeBSD bo\n+000476f0: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 otloader \n+00047700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00047710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n+00047720: 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b hes (1).32-bit k\n+00047730: 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeBSD \n+00047740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n+00047760: 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 ashes (5).64-bit\n+00047770: 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n+00047780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+00047790: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+000477a0: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 crashes (5).32-b\n+000477b0: 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 it kNetBSD \n+000477c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000477d0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000477e0: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 crashes (1).64\n+000477f0: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 -bit kNetBSD \n+00047800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047810: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047820: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 730a 3332 2d62 crashes.32-b\n+00047830: 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kOpenBSD \n+00047840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047850: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047860: 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 yes.64-bit kOp\n+00047870: 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enBSD \n+00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00047890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+000478a0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot \n 000478b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000478c0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000478d0: 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 yes.Multiboot2\n-000478e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00047900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-00047910: 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 32-bit Linux (le\n-00047920: 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 gacy protocol) \n-00047930: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047940: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d no (1).64-\n-00047950: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 bit Linux (legac\n-00047960: 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 y protocol) \n-00047970: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047980: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 no (1).32-bit\n-00047990: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 Linux (modern p\n-000479a0: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 rotocol) y\n-000479b0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-000479c0: 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 yes.64-bit Linux\n-000479d0: 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f (modern protoco\n-000479e0: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 l) yes \n-000479f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n-00047a00: 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 -bit XNU \n+000478c0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000478d0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 yes.Multib\n+000478e0: 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot2 \n+000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+00047900: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00047910: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 yes.32-bit Linux\n+00047920: 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f (legacy protoco\n+00047930: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 l) yes \n+00047940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00047950: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c .64-bit Linux (l\n+00047960: 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 egacy protocol) \n+00047970: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047980: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 no (1).32\n+00047990: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 -bit Linux (mode\n+000479a0: 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 rn protocol) \n+000479b0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000479c0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c yes.64-bit L\n+000479d0: 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f inux (modern pro\n+000479e0: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 tocol) yes\n+000479f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047a00: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 s.32-bit XNU \n 00047a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a20: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047a30: 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 ?.64-bit XNU\n-00047a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00047a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 ?.32\n-00047a70: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f -bit EFI chainlo\n-00047a80: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-00047a90: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047aa0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 no (2).64-bi\n-00047ab0: 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 t EFI chainloade\n-00047ac0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n-00047ad0: 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047ae0: 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 no (2).Appleloa\n-00047af0: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-00047b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00047b10: 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (2) no\n-00047b20: 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (2).. \n+00047a20: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 ?.64-bit\n+00047a40: 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n+00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+00047a60: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00047a70: 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 ?.32-bit EFI cha\n+00047a80: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 inloader \n+00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 no (2) \n+00047aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 no (2).6\n+00047ab0: 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 4-bit EFI chainl\n+00047ac0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+00047ad0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047ae0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c no (2).Appl\n+00047af0: 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 eloader \n+00047b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047b10: 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047b20: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 no (2).. \n 00047b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 756c 7469 Multi\n-00047b50: 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 5165 6d75 boot Qemu\n-00047b60: 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 .BIOS chainloadi\n-00047b70: 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng \n-00047b80: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047b90: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 no (1).NT\n-00047ba0: 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 LDR \n+00047b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d M\n+00047b50: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot \n+00047b60: 5165 6d75 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c Qemu.BIOS chainl\n+00047b70: 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oading \n+00047b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00047b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00047ba0: 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).NTLDR \n 00047bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047bc0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047bd0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 no (1).Plan9\n-00047be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047bc0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n+00047bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 no (1).P\n+00047be0: 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lan9 \n 00047bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c00: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047c10: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 no (1).FreeDOS \n-00047c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00047c40: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n-00047c50: 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f (1).FreeBSD boo\n-00047c60: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 tloader \n-00047c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n-00047c80: 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 s (1) crash\n-00047c90: 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 es (1).32-bit kF\n-00047ca0: 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reeBSD \n-00047cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n-00047cc0: 6865 7320 2835 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 hes (5) cra\n-00047cd0: 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 shes (5).64-bit \n-00047ce0: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n-00047cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n-00047d00: 6173 6865 7320 2835 2920 2020 2020 2063 ashes (5) c\n-00047d10: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 rashes (5).32-bi\n-00047d20: 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 t kNetBSD \n+00047c00: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047c10: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 no (1).Free\n+00047c20: 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 DOS \n+00047c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047c40: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047c50: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 no (1).FreeBSD\n+00047c60: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 bootloader \n+00047c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n+00047c80: 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 ashes (1) c\n+00047c90: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 rashes (1).32-bi\n+00047ca0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kFreeBSD \n+00047cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047cc0: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 2920 2020 2020 crashes (5) \n+00047cd0: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d crashes (5).64-\n+00047ce0: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 bit kFreeBSD \n+00047cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047d00: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 2920 2020 crashes (5) \n+00047d10: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 crashes (5).3\n+00047d20: 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2-bit kNetBSD \n 00047d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047d40: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 crashes (1) \n-00047d50: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d crashes (1).64-\n-00047d60: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 bit kNetBSD \n+00047d40: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 crashes (1) \n+00047d50: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n+00047d60: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 .64-bit kNetBSD \n 00047d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047d80: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047d90: 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f yes.32-bit kO\n-00047da0: 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 penBSD \n-00047db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00047dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047dd0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 .64-bit kOpenBSD\n-00047de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047e00: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 yes.Multi\n-00047e10: 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot \n+00047d80: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047d90: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 yes.32-bi\n+00047da0: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kOpenBSD \n+00047db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047dc0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047dd0: 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 yes.64-bit kOpe\n+00047de0: 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nBSD \n+00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00047e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d yes.M\n+00047e10: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot \n 00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e30: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047e40: 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 yes.Multiboot2 \n-00047e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00047e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 yes.3\n-00047e80: 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 2-bit Linux (leg\n-00047e90: 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 acy protocol) \n-00047ea0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047eb0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 no (1).64-b\n-00047ec0: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 it Linux (legacy\n-00047ed0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00047ee0: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047ef0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 no (1).32-bit \n-00047f00: 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 Linux (modern pr\n-00047f10: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 otocol) ye\n-00047f20: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-00047f30: 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 es.64-bit Linux \n-00047f40: 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (modern protocol\n-00047f50: 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ) yes \n-00047f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d yes.32-\n-00047f70: 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 bit XNU \n+00047e30: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047e40: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f yes.Multibo\n+00047e50: 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot2 \n+00047e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047e70: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n+00047e80: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 es.32-bit Linux \n+00047e90: 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (legacy protocol\n+00047ea0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 ) no (1) \n+00047eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00047ec0: 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 64-bit Linux (le\n+00047ed0: 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 gacy protocol) \n+00047ee0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047ef0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d no (1).32-\n+00047f00: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 bit Linux (moder\n+00047f10: 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 n protocol) \n+00047f20: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047f30: 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 yes.64-bit Li\n+00047f40: 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 nux (modern prot\n+00047f50: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ocol) yes \n+00047f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047f70: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 .32-bit XNU \n 00047f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f90: 2020 3f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00047fa0: 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 ?.64-bit XNU \n-00047fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f20 2020 2020 ? \n-00047fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d ?.32-\n-00047fe0: 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 bit EFI chainloa\n-00047ff0: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-00048000: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00048010: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 no (2).64-bit\n-00048020: 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 EFI chainloader\n-00048030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00048040: 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (2) \n-00048050: 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 no (2).Appleload\n-00048060: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00048070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00048080: 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2) no \n-00048090: 2832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (2).. \n+00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 3f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00047fa0: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 ?.64-bit \n+00047fb0: 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n+00047fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f20 ? \n+00047fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n+00047fe0: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 .32-bit EFI chai\n+00047ff0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloader \n+00048000: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00048010: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 no (2).64\n+00048020: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f -bit EFI chainlo\n+00048030: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n+00048040: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00048050: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 no (2).Apple\n+00048060: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+00048070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048080: 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00048090: 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 no (2).. \n 000480a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000480b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 2045 ia32 E\n-000480c0: 4649 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6d64 3634 FI amd64\n-000480d0: 2045 4649 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c EFI.BIOS chainl\n-000480e0: 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oading \n-000480f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00048100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-00048110: 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).NTLDR \n+000480b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6961 ia\n+000480c0: 3332 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 32 EFI a\n+000480d0: 6d64 3634 2045 4649 0a42 494f 5320 6368 md64 EFI.BIOS ch\n+000480e0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 ainloading \n+000480f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00048100: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n+00048110: 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 o (1).NTLDR \n 00048120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048130: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n-00048140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 no (1).P\n-00048150: 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lan9 \n+00048130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00048140: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+00048150: 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 1).Plan9 \n 00048160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048170: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048180: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 no (1).Free\n-00048190: 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 DOS \n+00048170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 no (1) \n+00048180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00048190: 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeDOS \n 000481a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000481b0: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-000481c0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 no (1).FreeBSD\n-000481d0: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 bootloader \n-000481e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n-000481f0: 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 ashes (1) c\n-00048200: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 rashes (1).32-bi\n-00048210: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kFreeBSD \n+000481b0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n+000481c0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 no (1).Fre\n+000481d0: 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 eBSD bootloader \n+000481e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000481f0: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 crashes (1) \n+00048200: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 crashes (1).3\n+00048210: 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2-bit kFreeBSD \n 00048220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048230: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 headless \n-00048240: 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3634 2d62 6974 headless.64-bit\n-00048250: 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n-00048260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 h\n-00048270: 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 eadless \n-00048280: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a33 322d 6269 7420 headless.32-bit \n-00048290: 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-000482a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n-000482b0: 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 ashes (1) c\n-000482c0: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 rashes (1).64-bi\n-000482d0: 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 t kNetBSD \n+00048230: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 headless \n+00048240: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3634 headless.64\n+00048250: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 -bit kFreeBSD \n+00048260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048270: 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 headless \n+00048280: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a33 322d headless.32-\n+00048290: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 bit kNetBSD \n+000482a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000482b0: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 crashes (1) \n+000482c0: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 crashes (1).6\n+000482d0: 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 4-bit kNetBSD \n 000482e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000482f0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048300: 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 yes.32-bit kOpe\n-00048310: 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nBSD \n-00048320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 headle\n-00048330: 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c ss headl\n-00048340: 6573 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e ess.64-bit kOpen\n-00048350: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 headles\n-00048370: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 s headle\n-00048380: 7373 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 ss.Multiboot \n+000482f0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048300: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 yes.32-bit \n+00048310: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n+00048320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 he\n+00048330: 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 adless h\n+00048340: 6561 646c 6573 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b eadless.64-bit k\n+00048350: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 OpenBSD \n+00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 hea\n+00048370: 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 dless he\n+00048380: 6164 6c65 7373 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 adless.Multiboot\n 00048390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-000483b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c yes.Mul\n-000483c0: 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot2 \n+000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+000483b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+000483c0: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 .Multiboot2 \n 000483d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000483e0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000483f0: 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 yes.32-bit Li\n-00048400: 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 nux (legacy prot\n-00048410: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ocol) no (\n-00048420: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n-00048430: 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 (1).64-bit Linux\n-00048440: 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f (legacy protoco\n-00048450: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 l) no (1) \n-00048460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00048470: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d .32-bit Linux (m\n-00048480: 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 odern protocol) \n-00048490: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000484a0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 yes.64-bi\n-000484b0: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 t Linux (modern \n-000484c0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-000484d0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000484e0: 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 yes.32-bit XNU \n-000484f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00048510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 yes.6\n-00048520: 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 4-bit XNU \n+000483e0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000483f0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 yes.32-bi\n+00048400: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 t Linux (legacy \n+00048410: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+00048420: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048430: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c no (1).64-bit L\n+00048440: 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f inux (legacy pro\n+00048450: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 tocol) no \n+00048460: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n+00048470: 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 (1).32-bit Linu\n+00048480: 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 x (modern protoc\n+00048490: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 ol) yes \n+000484a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 yes.6\n+000484b0: 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 4-bit Linux (mod\n+000484c0: 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 ern protocol) \n+000484d0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000484e0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 yes.32-bit \n+000484f0: 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n+00048500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00048510: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n+00048520: 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 es.64-bit XNU \n 00048530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048540: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2834 2920 2020 2020 yes (4) \n-00048550: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 yes.32-bit \n-00048560: 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 EFI chainloader \n-00048570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00048580: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e s n\n-00048590: 6f20 2833 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 o (3).64-bit EFI\n-000485a0: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 chainloader \n-000485b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2833 no (3\n-000485c0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a ) yes.\n-000485d0: 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 Appleloader \n+00048540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2834 2920 yes (4) \n+00048550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d yes.32-\n+00048560: 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 bit EFI chainloa\n+00048570: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n+00048580: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048590: 2020 206e 6f20 2833 290a 3634 2d62 6974 no (3).64-bit\n+000485a0: 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 EFI chainloader\n+000485b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+000485c0: 6f20 2833 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (3) \n+000485d0: 7965 730a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 yes.Appleloader \n 000485e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000485f0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048600: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 0a20 2020 2020 yes.. \n+000485f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00048600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 0a20 yes.. \n 00048610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00048620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048630: 6961 3332 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a 4249 ia32 IEEE1275.BI\n-00048640: 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 OS chainloading \n-00048650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048660: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 no (1).NTLDR \n-00048670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00048690: 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 o (1).Plan9 \n+00048630: 2020 2020 6961 3332 2049 4545 4531 3237 ia32 IEEE127\n+00048640: 350a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 5.BIOS chainload\n+00048650: 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing \n+00048660: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 no (1).NT\n+00048670: 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 LDR \n+00048680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048690: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 no (1).Plan9 \n 000486a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-000486c0: 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 ).FreeDOS \n+000486b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+000486c0: 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 o (1).FreeDOS \n 000486d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486e0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 no (1).Fr\n-000486f0: 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 eeBSD bootloader\n-00048700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048710: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 crashes (1).3\n-00048720: 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2-bit kFreeBSD \n-00048730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048740: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a crashes (5).\n-00048750: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 64-bit kFreeBSD \n-00048760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048770: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 crashes (5)\n-00048780: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 .32-bit kNetBSD \n-00048790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000487a0: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n-000487b0: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 ).64-bit kNetBSD\n-000487c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000487d0: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 ?.32-bit \n-000487e0: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n-000487f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n-00048800: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 64-bit kOpenBSD \n-00048810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048820: 2020 2020 203f 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 ?.Multiboot\n-00048830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 4d75 ?.Mu\n-00048850: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 ltiboot2 \n+000486e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+000486f0: 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f ).FreeBSD bootlo\n+00048700: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n+00048710: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n+00048720: 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 1).32-bit kFreeB\n+00048730: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+00048740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n+00048750: 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 (5).64-bit kFree\n+00048760: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00048770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n+00048780: 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 (5).32-bit kNet\n+00048790: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+000487a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n+000487b0: 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 s (1).64-bit kNe\n+000487c0: 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tBSD \n+000487d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d ?.32-\n+000487e0: 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 bit kOpenBSD \n+000487f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048800: 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e ?.64-bit kOpen\n+00048810: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00048820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a4d 756c 7469 ?.Multi\n+00048830: 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot \n+00048840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048850: 3f0a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 ?.Multiboot2 \n 00048860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048870: 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 ?.32-bit Linu\n-00048880: 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 x (legacy protoc\n-00048890: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 ol) no (1)\n-000488a0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c .64-bit Linux (l\n-000488b0: 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 egacy protocol) \n-000488c0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d no (1).32-\n-000488d0: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 bit Linux (moder\n-000488e0: 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 n protocol) \n-000488f0: 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 ?.64-bit Linux\n-00048900: 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f (modern protoco\n-00048910: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 l) ?.32-bi\n-00048920: 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t XNU \n+00048870: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 ?.32-bit \n+00048880: 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 Linux (legacy pr\n+00048890: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f otocol) no\n+000488a0: 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 (1).64-bit Linu\n+000488b0: 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 x (legacy protoc\n+000488c0: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 ol) no (1)\n+000488d0: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d .32-bit Linux (m\n+000488e0: 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 odern protocol) \n+000488f0: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 204c ?.64-bit L\n+00048900: 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f inux (modern pro\n+00048910: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 tocol) ?.3\n+00048920: 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2-bit XNU \n 00048930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048940: 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 ?.64-bit XNU \n+00048940: 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 ?.64-bit XNU\n 00048950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048960: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 ?.32-bit \n-00048970: 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 EFI chainloader \n-00048980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-00048990: 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 (2).64-bit EFI \n-000489a0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 chainloader \n-000489b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n-000489c0: 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 .Appleloader \n+00048960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d ?.32-\n+00048970: 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 bit EFI chainloa\n+00048980: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n+00048990: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 no (2).64-bit \n+000489a0: 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 EFI chainloader \n+000489b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+000489c0: 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 (2).Appleloader\n 000489d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000489e0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 no (2).. \n-000489f0: 312e 2052 6571 7569 7265 7320 4249 4f53 1. Requires BIOS\n-00048a00: 0a20 2032 2e20 4546 4920 6f6e 6c79 0a20 . 2. EFI only. \n-00048a10: 2033 2e20 3332 2d62 6974 2061 6e64 2036 3. 32-bit and 6\n-00048a20: 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6861 7665 2064 4-bit EFI have d\n-00048a30: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2073 7472 7563 7475 ifferent structu\n-00048a40: 7265 7320 616e 6420 776f 726b 2069 6e0a res and work in.\n-00048a50: 2020 2020 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2043 different C\n-00048a60: 5055 206d 6f64 6573 2073 6f20 6974 2773 PU modes so it's\n-00048a70: 206e 6f74 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f not possible to\n-00048a80: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 2033 322d 6269 chainload 32-bi\n-00048a90: 740a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 t. bootloade\n-00048aa0: 7220 6f6e 2036 342d 6269 7420 706c 6174 r on 64-bit plat\n-00048ab0: 666f 726d 2061 6e64 2076 6963 652d 7665 form and vice-ve\n-00048ac0: 7273 610a 2020 342e 2053 6f6d 6520 6d6f rsa. 4. Some mo\n-00048ad0: 6475 6c65 7320 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 dules may need t\n-00048ae0: 6f20 6265 2064 6973 6162 6c65 640a 2020 o be disabled. \n-00048af0: 352e 2052 6571 7569 7265 7320 4143 5049 5. Requires ACPI\n-00048b00: 0a0a 2020 2050 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 4941 .. PowerPC, IA\n-00048b10: 3634 2061 6e64 2053 7061 7263 3634 2070 64 and Sparc64 p\n-00048b20: 6f72 7473 2073 7570 706f 7274 206f 6e6c orts support onl\n-00048b30: 7920 4c69 6e75 782e 2020 4d49 5053 2070 y Linux. MIPS p\n-00048b40: 6f72 740a 7375 7070 6f72 7473 204c 696e ort.supports Lin\n-00048b50: 7578 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 ux and multiboot\n-00048b60: 322e 0a0a 3232 2e31 2042 6f6f 7420 7465 2...22.1 Boot te\n-00048b70: 7374 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d sts.============\n-00048b80: 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 ===..As you have\n-00048b90: 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2070 7265 7669 6f75 seen in previou\n-00048ba0: 7320 6368 6170 7465 7220 7468 6520 7375 s chapter the su\n-00048bb0: 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 7472 6978 2069 7320 pport matrix is \n-00048bc0: 7072 6574 7479 2062 6967 0a61 6e64 2073 pretty big.and s\n-00048bd0: 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 ome of the confi\n-00048be0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6f6e gurations are on\n-00048bf0: 6c79 2072 6172 656c 7920 7573 6564 2e20 ly rarely used. \n-00048c00: 2054 6f20 656e 7375 7265 2074 6865 0a71 To ensure the.q\n-00048c10: 7561 6c69 7479 2062 6f6f 7463 6865 636b uality bootcheck\n-00048c20: 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 s are available \n-00048c30: 666f 7220 616c 6c20 7838 3620 7461 7267 for all x86 targ\n-00048c40: 6574 7320 6578 6365 7074 2045 4649 0a63 ets except EFI.c\n-00048c50: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 4170 706c hainloader, Appl\n-00048c60: 656c 6f61 6465 7220 616e 6420 584e 552e eloader and XNU.\n-00048c70: 2041 6c6c 2078 3836 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 All x86 platfor\n-00048c80: 6d73 2068 6176 6520 626f 6f74 6368 6563 ms have bootchec\n-00048c90: 6b0a 6661 6369 6c69 7479 2065 7863 6570 k.facility excep\n-00048ca0: 7420 6965 6565 3132 3735 2e20 204d 756c t ieee1275. 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F\n-00048d70: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c ollowing variabl\n-00048d80: 6573 206d 7573 7420 6265 2064 6566 696e es must be defin\n-00048d90: 6564 3a0a 0a47 5255 425f 5041 594c 4f41 ed:..GRUB_PAYLOA\n-00048da0: 4453 5f44 4952 2020 2020 2020 6469 7265 DS_DIR dire\n-00048db0: 6374 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 ctory containing\n-00048dc0: 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 6b65 the required ke\n-00048dd0: 726e 656c 730a 4752 5542 5f43 4246 5354 rnels.GRUB_CBFST\n-00048de0: 4f4f 4c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6266 OOL cbf\n-00048df0: 7374 6f6f 6c20 6672 6f6d 2043 6f72 6562 stool from Coreb\n-00048e00: 6f6f 7420 7061 636b 6167 6520 2866 6f72 oot package (for\n-00048e10: 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 coreboot. \n+000489e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n+000489f0: 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 6571 7569 7265 7320 .. 1. Requires \n+00048a00: 4249 4f53 0a20 2032 2e20 4546 4920 6f6e BIOS. 2. EFI on\n+00048a10: 6c79 0a20 2033 2e20 3332 2d62 6974 2061 ly. 3. 32-bit a\n+00048a20: 6e64 2036 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6861 nd 64-bit EFI ha\n+00048a30: 7665 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2073 7472 ve different str\n+00048a40: 7563 7475 7265 7320 616e 6420 776f 726b uctures and work\n+00048a50: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6665 7265 in. differe\n+00048a60: 6e74 2043 5055 206d 6f64 6573 2073 6f20 nt CPU modes so \n+00048a70: 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2070 6f73 7369 626c it's not possibl\n+00048a80: 6520 746f 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 2033 e to chainload 3\n+00048a90: 322d 6269 740a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 746c 2-bit. bootl\n+00048aa0: 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e 2036 342d 6269 7420 oader on 64-bit \n+00048ab0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2061 6e64 2076 6963 platform and vic\n+00048ac0: 652d 7665 7273 610a 2020 342e 2053 6f6d e-versa. 4. 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MI\n+00048b40: 5053 2070 6f72 740a 7375 7070 6f72 7473 PS port.supports\n+00048b50: 204c 696e 7578 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 Linux and multi\n+00048b60: 626f 6f74 322e 0a0a 3232 2e31 2042 6f6f boot2...22.1 Boo\n+00048b70: 7420 7465 7374 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d t tests.========\n+00048b80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 7320 796f 7520 =======..As you \n+00048b90: 6861 7665 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2070 7265 have seen in pre\n+00048ba0: 7669 6f75 7320 6368 6170 7465 7220 7468 vious chapter th\n+00048bb0: 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 7472 6978 e support matrix\n+00048bc0: 2069 7320 7072 6574 7479 2062 6967 0a61 is pretty big.a\n+00048bd0: 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 nd some of the c\n+00048be0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 onfigurations ar\n+00048bf0: 6520 6f6e 6c79 2072 6172 656c 7920 7573 e only rarely us\n+00048c00: 6564 2e20 2054 6f20 656e 7375 7265 2074 ed. 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enBSD.linux.i386\n 000490d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000490e0: 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 0a6c 696e 32-bit Linux.lin\n-000490f0: 7578 2e78 3836 5f36 3420 2020 2020 2020 ux.x86_64 \n-00049100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2036 342d 6269 64-bi\n-00049110: 7420 4c69 6e75 780a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a t Linux....File:\n-00049120: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00049130: 653a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 e: Troubleshooti\n-00049140: 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2055 7365 722d ng, Next: User-\n-00049150: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c space utilities,\n-00049160: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 Prev: Supporte\n-00049170: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 d kernels, Up: \n-00049180: 546f 700a 0a32 3320 4572 726f 7220 6d65 Top..23 Error me\n-00049190: 7373 6167 6573 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 ssages produced \n-000491a0: 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a by GRUB.********\n+000490e0: 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 32-bit Linux\n+000490f0: 0a6c 696e 7578 2e78 3836 5f36 3420 2020 .linux.x86_64 \n+00049100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2036 6\n+00049110: 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 780a 0a1f 0a46 4-bit Linux....F\n+00049120: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00049130: 204e 6f64 653a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 Node: Troublesh\n+00049140: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2055 ooting, Next: U\n+00049150: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n+00049160: 6965 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5375 7070 ies, Prev: Supp\n+00049170: 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 orted kernels, \n+00049180: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3320 4572 726f Up: Top..23 Erro\n+00049190: 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 726f 6475 r messages produ\n+000491a0: 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a ced by GRUB.****\n 000491b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000491c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 **********..* Me\n-000491d0: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 nu:..* GRUB only\n-000491e0: 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 offers a rescue\n-000491f0: 2073 6865 6c6c 3a3a 0a2a 2046 6972 6d77 shell::.* Firmw\n-00049200: 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 are stalls inste\n-00049210: 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 ad of booting GR\n-00049220: 5542 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 UB::....File: gr\n-00049230: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00049240: 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 GRUB only offers\n-00049250: 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c a rescue shell,\n-00049260: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 726d 7761 7265 Next: Firmware\n-00049270: 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 stalls instead \n-00049280: 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 422c of booting GRUB,\n-00049290: 2020 5570 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f Up: Troublesho\n-000492a0: 6f74 696e 670a 0a32 332e 3120 4752 5542 oting..23.1 GRUB\n-000492b0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 only offers a r\n-000492c0: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d escue shell.====\n+000491c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+000491d0: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 5255 4220 * Menu:..* GRUB \n+000491e0: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 only offers a re\n+000491f0: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 3a3a 0a2a 2046 scue shell::.* F\n+00049200: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 irmware stalls i\n+00049210: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e nstead of bootin\n+00049220: 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 g GRUB::....File\n+00049230: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00049240: 6465 3a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 de: GRUB only of\n+00049250: 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 fers a rescue sh\n+00049260: 656c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 726d ell, Next: Firm\n+00049270: 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 ware stalls inst\n+00049280: 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 ead of booting G\n+00049290: 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 5472 6f75 626c RUB, Up: Troubl\n+000492a0: 6573 686f 6f74 696e 670a 0a32 332e 3120 eshooting..23.1 \n+000492b0: 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 GRUB only offers\n+000492c0: 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c0a a rescue shell.\n 000492d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000492e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000492f0: 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 ..GRUB's normal \n-00049300: 7374 6172 742d 7570 2070 726f 6365 6475 start-up procedu\n-00049310: 7265 2069 6e76 6f6c 7665 7320 7365 7474 re involves sett\n-00049320: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9870 7265 6669 ing the ...prefi\n-00049330: 78e2 8099 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 x....environment\n-00049340: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2061 2076 variable to a v\n-00049350: 616c 7565 2073 6574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 alue set in the \n-00049360: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2062 7920 e280 core image by ..\n-00049370: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 .grub-install...\n-00049380: 2c0a 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 ,.setting the ..\n-00049390: 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c .root... variabl\n-000493a0: 6520 746f 206d 6174 6368 2c20 6c6f 6164 e to match, load\n-000493b0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 ing the ...norma\n-000493c0: 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6672 6f6d l... module from\n-000493d0: 0a74 6865 2070 7265 6669 782c 2061 6e64 .the prefix, and\n-000493e0: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 running the ...\n-000493f0: 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e normal... comman\n-00049400: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a d (*note normal:\n-00049410: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 730a 636f 6d6d 616e :). This.comman\n-00049420: 6420 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 d is responsible\n-00049430: 2066 6f72 2072 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 for reading ...\n-00049440: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e /boot/grub/grub.\n-00049450: 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 cfg..., running \n-00049460: 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 2c20 616e 6420 646f the.menu, and do\n-00049470: 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 7573 6566 ing all the usef\n-00049480: 756c 2074 6869 6e67 7320 4752 5542 2069 ul things GRUB i\n-00049490: 7320 7375 7070 6f73 6564 2074 6f20 646f s supposed to do\n-000494a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2c20 696e 7374 6561 ... If, instea\n-000494b0: 642c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6765 7420 d, you only get \n-000494c0: 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 a rescue shell, \n-000494d0: 7468 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d 6561 this usually mea\n-000494e0: 6e73 2074 6861 740a 4752 5542 2066 6169 ns that.GRUB fai\n-000494f0: 6c65 6420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 led to load the \n-00049500: e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 ...normal... mod\n-00049510: 756c 6520 666f 7220 736f 6d65 2072 6561 ule for some rea\n-00049520: 736f 6e2e 2020 4974 206d 6179 2062 650a son. It may be.\n-00049530: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b possible to work\n-00049540: 2061 726f 756e 6420 7468 6973 2074 656d around this tem\n-00049550: 706f 7261 7269 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 696e porarily: for in\n-00049560: 7374 616e 6365 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2072 stance, if the r\n-00049570: 6561 736f 6e0a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6661 eason.for the fa\n-00049580: 696c 7572 6520 6973 2074 6861 7420 e280 ilure is that ..\n-00049590: 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2069 7320 7772 .prefix... is wr\n-000495a0: 6f6e 6720 2870 6572 6861 7073 2069 7420 ong (perhaps it \n-000495b0: 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 650a 7772 refers to the.wr\n-000495c0: 6f6e 6720 6465 7669 6365 2c20 6f72 2070 ong device, or p\n-000495d0: 6572 6861 7073 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 erhaps the path \n-000495e0: 746f 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 to .../boot/grub\n-000495f0: e280 9920 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 ... was not corr\n-00049600: 6563 746c 7920 6d61 6465 0a72 656c 6174 ectly made.relat\n-00049610: 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 ive to the devic\n-00049620: 6529 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e e), then you can\n-00049630: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2074 6869 7320 616e correct this an\n-00049640: 6420 656e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d d enter normal m\n-00049650: 6f64 650a 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 3a0a 0a20 ode.manually:.. \n-00049660: 2020 2020 2320 496e 7370 6563 7420 7468 # Inspect th\n-00049670: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7072 6566 6978 e current prefix\n-00049680: 2028 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6573 (and other pres\n-00049690: 6574 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 293a 0a20 et variables):. \n-000496a0: 2020 2020 7365 740a 2020 2020 2023 2046 set. # F\n-000496b0: 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 6465 ind out which de\n-000496c0: 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 vices are availa\n-000496d0: 626c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 0a20 2020 ble:. ls. \n-000496e0: 2020 2320 5365 7420 746f 2074 6865 2063 # Set to the c\n-000496f0: 6f72 7265 6374 2076 616c 7565 2c20 7768 orrect value, wh\n-00049700: 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 6f6d ich might be som\n-00049710: 6574 6869 6e67 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 ething like this\n-00049720: 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 :. set prefi\n-00049730: 783d 2868 6430 2c31 292f 6772 7562 0a20 x=(hd0,1)/grub. \n-00049740: 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 set root=(hd\n-00049750: 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 0,1). insmod\n-00049760: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f72 normal. nor\n-00049770: 6d61 6c0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c mal.. However,\n-00049780: 2061 6e79 2070 726f 626c 656d 2074 6861 any problem tha\n-00049790: 7420 6c65 6176 6573 2079 6f75 2069 6e20 t leaves you in \n-000497a0: 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c the rescue shell\n-000497b0: 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a 6d65 616e 7320 probably.means \n-000497c0: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6e6f that GRUB was no\n-000497d0: 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 696e 7374 t correctly inst\n-000497e0: 616c 6c65 642e 2020 4974 206d 6179 2062 alled. It may b\n-000497f0: 6520 6d6f 7265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f e more useful to\n-00049800: 0a74 7279 2074 6f20 7265 696e 7374 616c .try to reinstal\n-00049810: 6c20 6974 2070 726f 7065 726c 7920 7573 l it properly us\n-00049820: 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 ing ...grub-inst\n-00049830: 616c 6c20 4445 5649 4345 e280 9920 282a all DEVICE... (*\n-00049840: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 note Invoking.gr\n-00049850: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 2020 ub-install::). \n-00049860: 5768 656e 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c When doing this,\n-00049870: 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2061 2066 6577 there are a few\n-00049880: 2074 6869 6e67 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d things to remem\n-00049890: 6265 723a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2044 7269 ber:.. ... Dri\n-000498a0: 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 696e 2079 ve ordering in y\n-000498b0: 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 our operating sy\n-000498c0: 7374 656d 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 stem may not be \n-000498d0: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7468 650a the same as the.\n-000498e0: 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6472 6976 6520 boot drive \n-000498f0: 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2075 7365 6420 6279 ordering used by\n-00049900: 2079 6f75 7220 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 your firmware. \n-00049910: 2044 6f20 6e6f 7420 6173 7375 6d65 2074 Do not assume t\n-00049920: 6861 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 6669 hat your. fi\n-00049930: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 7269 7665 2028 rst hard drive (\n-00049940: 652e 672e 2020 e280 982f 6465 762f 7364 e.g. .../dev/sd\n-00049950: 61e2 8099 2920 6973 2074 6865 206f 6e65 a...) is the one\n-00049960: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 2066 6972 6d77 that your firmw\n-00049970: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 626f are. will bo\n-00049980: 6f74 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 e280 9864 6576 ot from. ...dev\n-00049990: 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ice.map... (*not\n-000499a0: 6520 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 e Device map::) \n-000499b0: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 0a20 can be used to. \n-000499c0: 2020 2020 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2074 6869 override thi\n-000499d0: 732c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6973 2075 7375 s, but it is usu\n-000499e0: 616c 6c79 2062 6574 7465 7220 746f 2075 ally better to u\n-000499f0: 7365 2055 5549 4473 206f 7220 6669 6c65 se UUIDs or file\n-00049a00: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 206c 6162 system. lab\n-00049a10: 656c 7320 616e 6420 6176 6f69 6420 6465 els and avoid de\n-00049a20: 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2064 7269 7665 pending on drive\n-00049a30: 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 656e 7469 7265 ordering entire\n-00049a40: 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4174 206c ly... ... At l\n-00049a50: 6561 7374 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 7973 east on BIOS sys\n-00049a60: 7465 6d73 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2074 656c tems, if you tel\n-00049a70: 6c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c l ...grub-instal\n-00049a80: 6ce2 8099 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c0a l... to install.\n-00049a90: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 2070 GRUB to a p\n-00049aa0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 7574 2047 5255 artition but GRU\n-00049ab0: 4220 6861 7320 616c 7265 6164 7920 6265 B has already be\n-00049ac0: 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 en installed in \n-00049ad0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6173 7465 7220 the. master \n-00049ae0: 626f 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 642c 2074 6865 boot record, the\n-00049af0: 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e73 7461 n the GRUB insta\n-00049b00: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2070 llation in the p\n-00049b10: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 artition. wi\n-00049b20: 6c6c 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a ll be ignored...\n-00049b30: 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 6620 706f 7373 6962 ... If possib\n-00049b40: 6c65 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6765 6e65 7261 le, it is genera\n-00049b50: 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 lly best to avoi\n-00049b60: 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 d installing GRU\n-00049b70: 4220 746f 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 B to a. part\n-00049b80: 6974 696f 6e20 2875 6e6c 6573 7320 6974 ition (unless it\n-00049b90: 2069 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7061 is a special pa\n-00049ba0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 rtition for the \n-00049bb0: 7573 6520 6f66 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 use of GRUB. \n-00049bc0: 2061 6c6f 6e65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 alone, such as \n-00049bd0: 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 the BIOS Boot Pa\n-00049be0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 rtition used on \n-00049bf0: 4750 5429 2e20 446f 696e 6720 7468 6973 GPT). Doing this\n-00049c00: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 . means that\n-00049c10: 2047 5255 4220 6d61 7920 7374 6f70 2062 GRUB may stop b\n-00049c20: 6569 6e67 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 eing able to rea\n-00049c30: 6420 6974 7320 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 d its core image\n-00049c40: 2064 7565 2074 6f20 610a 2020 2020 2066 due to a. f\n-00049c50: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f76 696e ile system movin\n-00049c60: 6720 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 726f 756e 642c g blocks around,\n-00049c70: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2077 6869 6c65 2064 such as while d\n-00049c80: 6566 7261 676d 656e 7469 6e67 2c0a 2020 efragmenting,. \n-00049c90: 2020 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2063 6865 636b running check\n-00049ca0: 732c 206f 7220 6576 656e 2064 7572 696e s, or even durin\n-00049cb0: 6720 6e6f 726d 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 g normal operati\n-00049cc0: 6f6e 2e20 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 on. Installing \n-00049cd0: 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f6c to the. whol\n-00049ce0: 6520 6469 736b 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 e disk device is\n-00049cf0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 2072 normally more r\n-00049d00: 6f62 7573 742e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2043 obust... ... C\n-00049d10: 6865 636b 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2061 heck that GRUB a\n-00049d20: 6374 7561 6c6c 7920 6b6e 6f77 7320 686f ctually knows ho\n-00049d30: 7720 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 w to read from t\n-00049d40: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e 6420 6669 he device and fi\n-00049d50: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 2063 le. system c\n-00049d60: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f ontaining .../bo\n-00049d70: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 ot/grub.... 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This.co\n+00049420: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 mmand is respons\n+00049430: 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2072 6561 6469 6e67 ible for reading\n+00049440: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 .../boot/grub/g\n+00049450: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 7275 6e6e rub.cfg..., runn\n+00049460: 696e 6720 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 2c20 616e ing the.menu, an\n+00049470: 6420 646f 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 d doing all the \n+00049480: 7573 6566 756c 2074 6869 6e67 7320 4752 useful things GR\n+00049490: 5542 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f73 6564 2074 UB is supposed t\n+000494a0: 6f20 646f 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2c20 696e o do... If, in\n+000494b0: 7374 6561 642c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 stead, you only \n+000494c0: 6765 7420 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 get a rescue she\n+000494d0: 6c6c 2c20 7468 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 ll, this usually\n+000494e0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a 4752 5542 means that.GRUB\n+000494f0: 2066 6169 6c65 6420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 failed to load \n+00049500: 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 the ...normal...\n+00049510: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 736f 6d65 module for some\n+00049520: 2072 6561 736f 6e2e 2020 4974 206d 6179 reason. It may\n+00049530: 2062 650a 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 be.possible to \n+00049540: 776f 726b 2061 726f 756e 6420 7468 6973 work around this\n+00049550: 2074 656d 706f 7261 7269 6c79 3a20 666f temporarily: fo\n+00049560: 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 6966 2074 r instance, if t\n+00049570: 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e0a 666f 7220 7468 he reason.for th\n+00049580: 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 6973 2074 6861 e failure is tha\n+00049590: 7420 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2069 t ...prefix... i\n+000495a0: 7320 7772 6f6e 6720 2870 6572 6861 7073 s wrong (perhaps\n+000495b0: 2069 7420 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 it refers to th\n+000495c0: 650a 7772 6f6e 6720 6465 7669 6365 2c20 e.wrong device, \n+000495d0: 6f72 2070 6572 6861 7073 2074 6865 2070 or perhaps the p\n+000495e0: 6174 6820 746f 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f ath to .../boot/\n+000495f0: 6772 7562 e280 9920 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 grub... was not \n+00049600: 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 6d61 6465 0a72 correctly made.r\n+00049610: 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 2064 elative to the d\n+00049620: 6576 6963 6529 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 evice), then you\n+00049630: 2063 616e 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2074 6869 can correct thi\n+00049640: 7320 616e 6420 656e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d s and enter norm\n+00049650: 616c 206d 6f64 650a 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 al mode.manually\n+00049660: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 496e 7370 6563 :.. # Inspec\n+00049670: 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7072 t the current pr\n+00049680: 6566 6978 2028 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 efix (and other \n+00049690: 7072 6573 6574 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 preset variables\n+000496a0: 293a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 740a 2020 2020 ):. set. \n+000496b0: 2023 2046 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 # Find out whic\n+000496c0: 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 6176 h devices are av\n+000496d0: 6169 6c61 626c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 ailable:. ls\n+000496e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 5365 7420 746f 2074 . # Set to t\n+000496f0: 6865 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2076 616c 7565 he correct value\n+00049700: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6265 , which might be\n+00049710: 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 206c 696b 6520 something like \n+00049720: 7468 6973 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 this:. set p\n+00049730: 7265 6669 783d 2868 6430 2c31 292f 6772 refix=(hd0,1)/gr\n+00049740: 7562 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 ub. set root\n+00049750: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 696e =(hd0,1). in\n+00049760: 736d 6f64 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 smod normal. \n+00049770: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 normal.. Howe\n+00049780: 7665 722c 2061 6e79 2070 726f 626c 656d ver, any problem\n+00049790: 2074 6861 7420 6c65 6176 6573 2079 6f75 that leaves you\n+000497a0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 2073 in the rescue s\n+000497b0: 6865 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a 6d65 hell probably.me\n+000497c0: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7761 ans that GRUB wa\n+000497d0: 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 s not correctly \n+000497e0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 642e 2020 4974 206d installed. It m\n+000497f0: 6179 2062 6520 6d6f 7265 2075 7365 6675 ay be more usefu\n+00049800: 6c20 746f 0a74 7279 2074 6f20 7265 696e l to.try to rein\n+00049810: 7374 616c 6c20 6974 2070 726f 7065 726c stall it properl\n+00049820: 7920 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d y using ...grub-\n+00049830: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4445 5649 4345 e280 install DEVICE..\n+00049840: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note Invokin\n+00049850: 670a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a g.grub-install::\n+00049860: 292e 2020 5768 656e 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 ). When doing t\n+00049870: 6869 732c 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2061 his, there are a\n+00049880: 2066 6577 2074 6869 6e67 7320 746f 2072 few things to r\n+00049890: 656d 656d 6265 723a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 emember:.. ...\n+000498a0: 2044 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 Drive ordering \n+000498b0: 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e in your operatin\n+000498c0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 206d 6179 206e 6f74 g system may not\n+000498d0: 2062 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 be the same as \n+000498e0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6472 the. boot dr\n+000498f0: 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2075 7365 ive ordering use\n+00049900: 6420 6279 2079 6f75 7220 6669 726d 7761 d by your firmwa\n+00049910: 7265 2e20 2044 6f20 6e6f 7420 6173 7375 re. Do not assu\n+00049920: 6d65 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 me that your. \n+00049930: 2020 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 7269 first hard dri\n+00049940: 7665 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 982f 6465 ve (e.g. .../de\n+00049950: 762f 7364 61e2 8099 2920 6973 2074 6865 v/sda...) is the\n+00049960: 206f 6e65 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 2066 one that your f\n+00049970: 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 2020 2077 696c irmware. wil\n+00049980: 6c20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 e280 l boot from. ..\n+00049990: 9864 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 .device.map... (\n+000499a0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 *note Device map\n+000499b0: 3a3a 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ::) can be used \n+000499c0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 6572 7269 6465 to. override\n+000499d0: 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6973 this, but it is\n+000499e0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6574 7465 7220 usually better \n+000499f0: 746f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 206f 7220 to use UUIDs or \n+00049a00: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 file system. \n+00049a10: 206c 6162 656c 7320 616e 6420 6176 6f69 labels and avoi\n+00049a20: 6420 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2064 d depending on d\n+00049a30: 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 656e rive ordering en\n+00049a40: 7469 7265 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 tirely... ... \n+00049a50: 4174 206c 6561 7374 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 At least on BIOS\n+00049a60: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 systems, if you\n+00049a70: 2074 656c 6c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e tell ...grub-in\n+00049a80: 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2074 6f20 696e 7374 stall... to inst\n+00049a90: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 746f all. 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If po\n+00049b40: 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6765 ssible, it is ge\n+00049b50: 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f20 nerally best to \n+00049b60: 6176 6f69 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 avoid installing\n+00049b70: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 0a20 2020 2020 GRUB to a. \n+00049b80: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 2875 6e6c 6573 partition (unles\n+00049b90: 7320 6974 2069 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 s it is a specia\n+00049ba0: 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 l partition for \n+00049bb0: 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2047 5255 420a the use of GRUB.\n+00049bc0: 2020 2020 2061 6c6f 6e65 2c20 7375 6368 alone, such\n+00049bd0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f as the BIOS Boo\n+00049be0: 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7573 6564 t Partition used\n+00049bf0: 206f 6e20 4750 5429 2e20 446f 696e 6720 on GPT). 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Version\n-00000180: 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 1.2 or any late\n-00000190: 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c 6973 r version publis\n-000001a0: 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 hed by the Free \n-000001b0: 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 466f Software. Fo\n-000001c0: 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e undation; with n\n-000001d0: 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 o Invariant Sect\n-000001e0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d53 ions..INFO-DIR-S\n-000001f0: 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a 5354 ECTION Kernel.ST\n-00000200: 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 ART-INFO-DIR-ENT\n-00000210: 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 7562 RY.* GRUB: (grub\n-00000220: 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ). \n-00000230: 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 The GRand Uni\n-00000240: 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 720a fied Bootloader.\n-00000250: 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a20 * grub-install: \n-00000260: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n-00000270: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 2020 rub-install. \n-00000280: 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 Install GRUB on \n-00000290: 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 7275 your drive.* gru\n-000002a0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 7275 b-mkconfig: (gru\n-000002b0: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-000002c0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e 6572 mkconfig. Gener\n-000002d0: 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ate GRUB configu\n-000002e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b ration.* grub-mk\n-000002f0: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 2028 passwd-pbkdf2: (\n-00000300: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n-00000310: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-00000320: 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c f2..* grub-mkrel\n-00000330: 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f path: (grub)Invo\n-00000340: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n-00000350: 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 ath..* grub-mkre\n-00000360: 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f scue: (grub)Invo\n-00000370: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n-00000380: 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 ue. Make a GRUB\n-00000390: 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 rescue image.* \n-000003a0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 7275 grub-mount: (gru\n-000003b0: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-000003c0: 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f mount. Mo\n-000003d0: 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 unt a file syste\n-000003e0: 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2067 m using GRUB.* g\n-000003f0: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 7562 rub-probe: (grub\n-00000400: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 )Invoking grub-p\n-00000410: 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f robe. Pro\n-00000420: 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d be device inform\n-00000430: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 6372 ation.* grub-scr\n-00000440: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 7562 ipt-check: (grub\n-00000450: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 )Invoking grub-s\n-00000460: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 4e44 cript-check..END\n-00000470: 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 590a -INFO-DIR-ENTRY.\n-00000480: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00000490: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 6d77 fo, Node: Firmw\n-000004a0: 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 are stalls inste\n-000004b0: 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 ad of booting GR\n-000004c0: 5542 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 5255 4220 UB, Prev: GRUB \n-000004d0: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 only offers a re\n-000004e0: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a scue shell, Up:\n-000004f0: 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 Troubleshooting\n-00000500: 0a0a 3233 2e32 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 ..23.2 Firmware \n-00000510: 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f stalls instead o\n-00000520: 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a3d f booting GRUB.=\n-00000530: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00000070: 2c20 3139 2041 7072 696c 2032 3032 3529 , 19 April 2025)\n+00000080: 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 ... Copyright \n+00000090: c2a9 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 ...1999,2000,200\n+000000a0: 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 1,2002,2004,2006\n+000000b0: 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c ,2008,2009,2010,\n+000000c0: 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 2011,2012,2013 F\n+000000d0: 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 ree.Software Fou\n+000000e0: 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 ndation, Inc... \n+000000f0: 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 Permission i\n+00000100: 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 s granted to cop\n+00000110: 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e y, distribute an\n+00000120: 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 d/or modify this\n+00000130: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 . document u\n+00000140: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n+00000150: 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 f the GNU Free D\n+00000160: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n+00000170: 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 ense,. Versi\n+00000180: 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 on 1.2 or any la\n+00000190: 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c ter version publ\n+000001a0: 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 ished by the Fre\n+000001b0: 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 e Software. \n+000001c0: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 Foundation; with\n+000001d0: 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 no Invariant Se\n+000001e0: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 ctions..INFO-DIR\n+000001f0: 2d53 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a -SECTION Kernel.\n+00000200: 5354 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 START-INFO-DIR-E\n+00000210: 4e54 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 NTRY.* GRUB: (gr\n+00000220: 7562 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ub). \n+00000230: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 The GRand U\n+00000240: 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 nified Bootloade\n+00000250: 720a 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c r.* grub-install\n+00000260: 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 : (grub)Invoking\n+00000270: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 grub-install. \n+00000280: 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f Install GRUB o\n+00000290: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 n your drive.* g\n+000002a0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 rub-mkconfig: (g\n+000002b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+000002c0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e b-mkconfig. Gen\n+000002d0: 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 erate GRUB confi\n+000002e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d guration.* grub-\n+000002f0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a mkpasswd-pbkdf2:\n+00000300: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n+00000310: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n+00000320: 6b64 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 kdf2..* grub-mkr\n+00000330: 656c 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e elpath: (grub)In\n+00000340: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+00000350: 6c70 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b lpath..* grub-mk\n+00000360: 7265 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e rescue: (grub)In\n+00000370: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+00000380: 7363 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 scue. Make a GR\n+00000390: 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a UB rescue image.\n+000003a0: 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 * grub-mount: (g\n+000003b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+000003c0: 622d 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 b-mount. \n+000003d0: 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 Mount a file sys\n+000003e0: 7465 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a tem using GRUB.*\n+000003f0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 grub-probe: (gr\n+00000400: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n+00000410: 2d70 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 -probe. P\n+00000420: 726f 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f robe device info\n+00000430: 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 rmation.* grub-s\n+00000440: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 cript-check: (gr\n+00000450: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n+00000460: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 -script-check..E\n+00000470: 4e44 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 ND-INFO-DIR-ENTR\n+00000480: 590a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e Y....File: grub.\n+00000490: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 info, Node: Fir\n+000004a0: 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 mware stalls ins\n+000004b0: 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 tead of booting \n+000004c0: 4752 5542 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 5255 GRUB, Prev: GRU\n+000004d0: 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 B only offers a \n+000004e0: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 2055 rescue shell, U\n+000004f0: 703a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 p: Troubleshooti\n+00000500: 6e67 0a0a 3233 2e32 2046 6972 6d77 6172 ng..23.2 Firmwar\n+00000510: 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 e stalls instead\n+00000520: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 of booting GRUB\n+00000530: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 00000540: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n-00000560: 2045 4649 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 EFI implementat\n-00000570: 696f 6e20 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 6f6c 6465 ion of some olde\n-00000580: 7220 4d61 6342 6f6f 6b20 6c61 7074 6f70 r MacBook laptop\n-00000590: 7320 7374 616c 6c73 2077 6865 6e20 6974 s stalls when it\n-000005a0: 2067 6574 730a 7072 6573 656e 7465 6420 gets.presented \n-000005b0: 6120 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 a grub-mkrescue \n-000005c0: 4953 4f20 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 7838 ISO image for x8\n-000005d0: 365f 3634 2d65 6669 2074 6172 6765 7420 6_64-efi target \n-000005e0: 6f6e 2061 6e20 5553 420a 7374 6963 6b2e on an USB.stick.\n-000005f0: 2020 4166 6665 6374 6564 2061 7265 206d Affected are m\n-00000600: 6f64 656c 7320 6f66 2079 6561 7220 3230 odels of year 20\n-00000610: 3130 206f 7220 6561 726c 6965 722e 2020 10 or earlier. \n-00000620: 576f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7320 746f Workaround is to\n-00000630: 0a7a 6572 6f69 7a65 2074 6865 2062 7974 .zeroize the byt\n-00000640: 6573 2034 3436 2074 6f20 3436 3120 6f66 es 446 to 461 of\n-00000650: 2074 6865 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 the EFI partiti\n-00000660: 6f6e 2c20 7768 6572 6520 6d66 6f72 6d61 on, where mforma\n-00000670: 7420 6861 7320 7075 740a 6120 7061 7274 t has put.a part\n-00000680: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 ition table entr\n-00000690: 7920 7768 6963 6820 636c 6169 6d73 2070 y which claims p\n-000006a0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 2061 artition start a\n-000006b0: 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 302e 2020 5468 6973 t block 0. This\n-000006c0: 0a63 6861 6e67 6520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 .change will not\n-000006d0: 2068 616d 7065 7220 626f 6f74 6162 696c hamper bootabil\n-000006e0: 6974 7920 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 206d 6163 ity on other mac\n-000006f0: 6869 6e65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 hines.....File: \n-00000700: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00000710: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n-00000720: 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f lities, Next: O\n-00000730: 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 btaining and Bui\n-00000740: 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2050 7265 lding GRUB, Pre\n-00000750: 763a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 v: Troubleshooti\n-00000760: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3234 ng, Up: Top..24\n-00000770: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n-00000780: 6974 6965 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ities.**********\n-00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a *************..*\n-000007a0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 Menu:..* Invoki\n-000007b0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a ng grub-install:\n-000007c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2075 : How to u\n-000007d0: 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 se the GRUB inst\n-000007e0: 616c 6c65 720a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 aller.* Invoking\n-000007f0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a grub-mkconfig::\n-00000800: 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 Generate a\n-00000810: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 GRUB configurat\n-00000820: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b ion file.* Invok\n-00000830: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing grub-mkpassw\n-00000840: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 d-pbkdf2::. \n+00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+00000560: 6865 2045 4649 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 he EFI implement\n+00000570: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 6f6c ation of some ol\n+00000580: 6465 7220 4d61 6342 6f6f 6b20 6c61 7074 der MacBook lapt\n+00000590: 6f70 7320 7374 616c 6c73 2077 6865 6e20 ops stalls when \n+000005a0: 6974 2067 6574 730a 7072 6573 656e 7465 it gets.presente\n+000005b0: 6420 6120 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 d a grub-mkrescu\n+000005c0: 6520 4953 4f20 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 e ISO image for \n+000005d0: 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 2074 6172 6765 x86_64-efi targe\n+000005e0: 7420 6f6e 2061 6e20 5553 420a 7374 6963 t on an USB.stic\n+000005f0: 6b2e 2020 4166 6665 6374 6564 2061 7265 k. Affected are\n+00000600: 206d 6f64 656c 7320 6f66 2079 6561 7220 models of year \n+00000610: 3230 3130 206f 7220 6561 726c 6965 722e 2010 or earlier.\n+00000620: 2020 576f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7320 Workaround is \n+00000630: 746f 0a7a 6572 6f69 7a65 2074 6865 2062 to.zeroize the b\n+00000640: 7974 6573 2034 3436 2074 6f20 3436 3120 ytes 446 to 461 \n+00000650: 6f66 2074 6865 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 of the EFI parti\n+00000660: 7469 6f6e 2c20 7768 6572 6520 6d66 6f72 tion, where mfor\n+00000670: 6d61 7420 6861 7320 7075 740a 6120 7061 mat has put.a pa\n+00000680: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e rtition table en\n+00000690: 7472 7920 7768 6963 6820 636c 6169 6d73 try which claims\n+000006a0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 partition start\n+000006b0: 2061 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 302e 2020 5468 at block 0. Th\n+000006c0: 6973 0a63 6861 6e67 6520 7769 6c6c 206e is.change will n\n+000006d0: 6f74 2068 616d 7065 7220 626f 6f74 6162 ot hamper bootab\n+000006e0: 696c 6974 7920 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 206d ility on other m\n+000006f0: 6163 6869 6e65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 achines.....File\n+00000700: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00000710: 6465 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 de: User-space u\n+00000720: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a tilities, Next:\n+00000730: 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 Obtaining and B\n+00000740: 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2050 uilding GRUB, P\n+00000750: 7265 763a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f rev: Troubleshoo\n+00000760: 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ting, Up: Top..\n+00000770: 3234 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 24 User-space ut\n+00000780: 696c 6974 6965 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ilities.********\n+00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+000007a0: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e 766f .* Menu:..* Invo\n+000007b0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c king grub-instal\n+000007c0: 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f l:: How to\n+000007d0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 696e use the GRUB in\n+000007e0: 7374 616c 6c65 720a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 staller.* Invoki\n+000007f0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n+00000800: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 7465 :: Generate\n+00000810: 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 a GRUB configur\n+00000820: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2049 6e76 ation file.* Inv\n+00000830: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 oking grub-mkpas\n+00000840: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 0a20 2020 swd-pbkdf2::. \n 00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 656e 6572 Gener\n-00000870: 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ate GRUB passwor\n-00000880: 6420 6861 7368 6573 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b d hashes.* Invok\n-00000890: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ing grub-mkrelpa\n-000008a0: 7468 3a3a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 7379 th:: Make sy\n-000008b0: 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 6c61 7469 stem path relati\n-000008c0: 7665 2074 6f20 6974 7320 726f 6f74 0a2a ve to its root.*\n-000008d0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-000008e0: 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a20 2020 2020 204d krescue:: M\n-000008f0: 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 ake a GRUB rescu\n-00000900: 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 e image.* Invoki\n-00000910: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 ng grub-mount:: \n-00000920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 Mount a \n-00000930: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7573 696e file system usin\n-00000940: 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e g GRUB.* Invokin\n-00000950: 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a3a 2020 g grub-probe:: \n-00000960: 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 2064 6576 Probe dev\n-00000970: 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ice information \n-00000980: 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b for GRUB.* Invok\n-00000990: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d ing grub-script-\n-000009a0: 6368 6563 6b3a 3a20 2043 6865 636b 2047 check:: Check G\n-000009b0: 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 696c 6520 RUB script file \n-000009c0: 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 7272 6f72 for syntax error\n-000009d0: 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e s....File: grub.\n-000009e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 info, Node: Inv\n-000009f0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking grub-insta\n-00000a00: 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b ll, Next: Invok\n-00000a10: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n-00000a20: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 g, Up: User-spa\n-00000a30: 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 ce utilities..24\n-00000a40: 2e31 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 .1 Invoking grub\n-00000a50: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d -install.=======\n+00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 656e Gen\n+00000870: 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 erate GRUB passw\n+00000880: 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 0a2a 2049 6e76 ord hashes.* Inv\n+00000890: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c oking grub-mkrel\n+000008a0: 7061 7468 3a3a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 path:: Make \n+000008b0: 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 6c61 system path rela\n+000008c0: 7469 7665 2074 6f20 6974 7320 726f 6f74 tive to its root\n+000008d0: 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 .* Invoking grub\n+000008e0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a20 2020 2020 -mkrescue:: \n+000008f0: 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 6573 Make a GRUB res\n+00000900: 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 496e 766f cue image.* Invo\n+00000910: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a king grub-mount:\n+00000920: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 : Mount \n+00000930: 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7573 a file system us\n+00000940: 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b ing GRUB.* Invok\n+00000950: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a3a ing grub-probe::\n+00000960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 2064 Probe d\n+00000970: 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f evice informatio\n+00000980: 6e20 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 n for GRUB.* Inv\n+00000990: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 oking grub-scrip\n+000009a0: 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 3a20 2043 6865 636b t-check:: Check\n+000009b0: 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 696c GRUB script fil\n+000009c0: 6520 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 7272 e for syntax err\n+000009d0: 6f72 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ors....File: gru\n+000009e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 b.info, Node: I\n+000009f0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking grub-ins\n+00000a00: 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 tall, Next: Inv\n+00000a10: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n+00000a20: 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 fig, Up: User-s\n+00000a30: 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a pace utilities..\n+00000a40: 3234 2e31 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 24.1 Invoking gr\n+00000a50: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ub-install.=====\n 00000a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000a70: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d ===..The program\n-00000a80: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n-00000a90: e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 ... generates a \n-00000aa0: 4752 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 GRUB core image \n-00000ab0: 7573 696e 670a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b using....grub-mk\n-00000ac0: 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 6e73 image... and ins\n-00000ad0: 7461 6c6c 7320 6974 206f 6e20 796f 7572 talls it on your\n-00000ae0: 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 596f 7520 6d75 system. You mu\n-00000af0: 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 0a64 st specify the.d\n-00000b00: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6e20 7768 evice name on wh\n-00000b10: 6963 6820 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 ich you want to \n-00000b20: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6c69 install GRUB, li\n-00000b30: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 ke this:.. g\n-00000b40: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 494e 5354 rub-install INST\n-00000b50: 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 0a0a 2020 2054 ALL_DEVICE.. T\n-00000b60: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2049 he device name I\n-00000b70: 4e53 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 4520 6973 NSTALL_DEVICE is\n-00000b80: 2061 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 an OS device na\n-00000b90: 6d65 206f 7220 6120 4752 5542 2064 6576 me or a GRUB dev\n-00000ba0: 6963 650a 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 ice.name... ..\n-00000bb0: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 .grub-install...\n-00000bc0: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n-00000bd0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n-00000be0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 ....--help.... \n-00000bf0: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 Print a summa\n-00000c00: 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ry of the comman\n-00000c10: 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 d-line options a\n-00000c20: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 nd exit......--v\n-00000c30: 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 ersion.... P\n-00000c40: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e rint the version\n-00000c50: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 number of GRUB \n-00000c60: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d and exit......--\n-00000c70: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d44 boot-directory=D\n-00000c80: 4952 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 7461 IR.... Insta\n-00000c90: 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6573 2075 ll GRUB images u\n-00000ca0: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f nder the directo\n-00000cb0: 7279 20e2 8098 4449 522f 6772 7562 2fe2 ry ...DIR/grub/.\n-00000cc0: 8099 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 .. This option i\n-00000cd0: 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 s. useful wh\n-00000ce0: 656e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2069 en you want to i\n-00000cf0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f nstall GRUB into\n-00000d00: 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 7061 7274 a separate part\n-00000d10: 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 2061 0a20 2020 2020 ition or a. \n-00000d20: 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 6520 6469 736b 2e20 removable disk. \n-00000d30: 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If this option \n-00000d40: 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 is not specified\n-00000d50: 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2064 6566 6175 6c74 then it default\n-00000d60: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 982f 626f s. to .../bo\n-00000d70: 6f74 e280 992c 2073 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 ot..., so.. \n-00000d80: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c grub-instal\n-00000d90: 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 2020 l /dev/sda.. \n-00000da0: 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 is equivalent t\n-00000db0: 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 o.. gru\n-00000dc0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 b-install --boot\n-00000dd0: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 626f 6f74 -directory=/boot\n-00000de0: 2f20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 2020 / /dev/sda.. \n-00000df0: 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 616d Here is an exam\n-00000e00: 706c 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 ple in which you\n-00000e10: 2068 6176 6520 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 have a separate\n-00000e20: 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 e280 9d20 7061 7274 ...boot... part\n-00000e30: 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6869 6368 ition. which\n-00000e40: 2069 7320 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 6f6e 20e2 is mounted on .\n-00000e50: 8098 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 3a0a ../mnt/boot...:.\n-00000e60: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d . grub-\n-00000e70: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 install --boot-d\n-00000e80: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f irectory=/mnt/bo\n-00000e90: 6f74 202f 6465 762f 7364 620a 0ae2 8098 ot /dev/sdb.....\n-00000ea0: 2d2d 7265 6368 6563 6be2 8099 0a20 2020 --recheck.... \n-00000eb0: 2020 5265 6368 6563 6b20 7468 6520 6465 Recheck the de\n-00000ec0: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 6576 656e 2069 vice map, even i\n-00000ed0: 6620 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f f .../boot/grub/\n-00000ee0: 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 9920 616c device.map... al\n-00000ef0: 7265 6164 790a 2020 2020 2065 7869 7374 ready. exist\n-00000f00: 732e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 s. You should u\n-00000f10: 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 se this option w\n-00000f20: 6865 6e65 7665 7220 796f 7520 6164 642f henever you add/\n-00000f30: 7265 6d6f 7665 2061 2064 6973 6b0a 2020 remove a disk. \n-00000f40: 2020 2069 6e74 6f2f 6672 6f6d 2079 6f75 into/from you\n-00000f50: 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a 0ae2 8098 r computer......\n-00000f60: 2d2d 6e6f 2d72 732d 636f 6465 73e2 8099 --no-rs-codes...\n-00000f70: 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 . By default\n-00000f80: 206f 6e20 7838 3620 4249 4f53 2073 7973 on x86 BIOS sys\n-00000f90: 7465 6d73 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e tems, ...grub-in\n-00000fa0: 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7573 stall... will us\n-00000fb0: 6520 736f 6d65 2065 7874 7261 0a20 2020 e some extra. \n-00000fc0: 2020 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 2062 space in the b\n-00000fd0: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 6464 ootloader embedd\n-00000fe0: 696e 6720 6172 6561 2066 6f72 2052 6565 ing area for Ree\n-00000ff0: 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 d-Solomon. e\n-00001000: 7272 6f72 2d63 6f72 7265 6374 696e 6720 rror-correcting \n-00001010: 636f 6465 732e 2020 5468 6973 2065 6e61 codes. This ena\n-00001020: 626c 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 2073 7469 bles GRUB to sti\n-00001030: 6c6c 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 7563 ll boot. suc\n-00001040: 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 6f6d cessfully if som\n-00001050: 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 7265 2063 6f72 e blocks are cor\n-00001060: 7275 7074 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7861 rupted. The exa\n-00001070: 6374 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 ct amount of. \n-00001080: 2020 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6666 protection off\n-00001090: 6572 6564 2069 7320 6465 7065 6e64 656e ered is dependen\n-000010a0: 7420 6f6e 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2073 t on available s\n-000010b0: 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 pace in the embe\n-000010c0: 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 612e dding. area.\n-000010d0: 2020 5220 7365 6374 6f72 7320 6f66 2072 R sectors of r\n-000010e0: 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6361 6e20 746f edundancy can to\n-000010f0: 6c65 7261 7465 2075 7020 746f 2052 2f32 lerate up to R/2\n-00001100: 2063 6f72 7275 7074 6564 0a20 2020 2020 corrupted. \n-00001110: 7365 6374 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6973 2072 sectors. This r\n-00001120: 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6d61 7920 6265 edundancy may be\n-00001130: 2063 756d 6265 7273 6f6d 6520 6966 2061 cumbersome if a\n-00001140: 7474 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 2020 ttempting to. \n-00001150: 2020 6372 7970 746f 6772 6170 6869 6361 cryptographica\n-00001160: 6c6c 7920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2074 6865 lly validate the\n-00001170: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 contents of the\n-00001180: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 bootloader embe\n-00001190: 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 612c dding. area,\n-000011a0: 206f 7220 696e 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f 6465 or in more mode\n-000011b0: 726e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 6820 rn systems with \n-000011c0: 4750 542d 7374 796c 6520 7061 7274 6974 GPT-style partit\n-000011d0: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 ion tables. \n-000011e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 (*note BIOS inst\n-000011f0: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7768 6572 allation::) wher\n-00001200: 6520 4752 5542 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 e GRUB does not \n-00001210: 7265 7369 6465 2069 6e20 616e 790a 2020 reside in any. \n-00001220: 2020 2075 6e70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 6564 unpartitioned\n-00001230: 2073 7061 6365 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f space outside o\n-00001240: 6620 7468 6520 4d42 522e 2044 6973 6162 f the MBR. Disab\n-00001250: 6c65 2074 6865 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f le the Reed-Solo\n-00001260: 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6573 2077 mon. codes w\n-00001270: 6974 6820 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2e ith this option.\n-00001280: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00001290: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f nfo, Node: Invo\n-000012a0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n-000012b0: 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b ig, Next: Invok\n-000012c0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing grub-mkpassw\n-000012d0: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a d-pbkdf2, Prev:\n-000012e0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking grub-i\n-000012f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 nstall, Up: Use\n-00001300: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n-00001310: 730a 0a32 342e 3220 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.2 Invoking\n-00001320: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d grub-mkconfig.=\n-00001330: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-00001350: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d program ...grub-\n-00001360: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6765 6e65 mkconfig... gene\n-00001370: 7261 7465 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 rates a configur\n-00001380: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 2047 ation file for G\n-00001390: 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c RUB.(*note Simpl\n-000013a0: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e configuration:\n-000013b0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d :)... grub-m\n-000013c0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 6720 2d6f 202f 626f 6f74 kconfig -o /boot\n-000013d0: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a /grub/grub.cfg..\n-000013e0: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e ...grub-mkcon\n-000013f0: 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 fig... accepts t\n-00001400: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 he following opt\n-00001410: 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 ions:.....--help\n-00001420: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 .... Print a\n-00001430: 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 summary of the \n-00001440: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 command-line opt\n-00001450: 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a ions and exit...\n-00001460: e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a ...--version....\n-00001470: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 Print the v\n-00001480: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 ersion number of\n-00001490: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a GRUB and exit..\n-000014a0: 0ae2 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 ....-o FILE.....\n-000014b0: 8098 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 ..--output=FILE.\n-000014c0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6e64 2074 6865 ... Send the\n-000014d0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 generated confi\n-000014e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 746f guration file to\n-000014f0: 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 FILE. The defa\n-00001500: 756c 7420 6973 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 ult is to. s\n-00001510: 656e 6420 6974 2074 6f20 7374 616e 6461 end it to standa\n-00001520: 7264 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 rd output.....Fi\n-00001530: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00001540: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n-00001550: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n-00001560: 6466 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f df2, Next: Invo\n-00001570: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n-00001580: 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f ath, Prev: Invo\n-00001590: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n-000015a0: 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 ig, Up: User-sp\n-000015b0: 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 ace utilities..2\n-000015c0: 342e 3320 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 4.3 Invoking gru\n-000015d0: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n-000015e0: 320a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 2.==============\n+00000a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n+00000a80: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 am ...grub-insta\n+00000a90: 6c6c e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 ll... generates \n+00000aa0: 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 a GRUB core imag\n+00000ab0: 6520 7573 696e 670a e280 9867 7275 622d e using....grub-\n+00000ac0: 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 mkimage... and i\n+00000ad0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 6974 206f 6e20 796f nstalls it on yo\n+00000ae0: 7572 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 596f 7520 ur system. You \n+00000af0: 6d75 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 must specify the\n+00000b00: 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6e20 .device name on \n+00000b10: 7768 6963 6820 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 which you want t\n+00000b20: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 o install GRUB, \n+00000b30: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like this:.. \n+00000b40: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 494e grub-install IN\n+00000b50: 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 0a0a 2020 STALL_DEVICE.. \n+00000b60: 2054 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 The device name\n+00000b70: 2049 4e53 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 4520 INSTALL_DEVICE \n+00000b80: 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 is an OS device \n+00000b90: 6e61 6d65 206f 7220 6120 4752 5542 2064 name or a GRUB d\n+00000ba0: 6576 6963 650a 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 evice.name... \n+00000bb0: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n+00000bc0: 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 .. accepts the f\n+00000bd0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n+00000be0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a :.....--help....\n+00000bf0: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d Print a sum\n+00000c00: 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d mary of the comm\n+00000c10: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 and-line options\n+00000c20: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n+00000c30: 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 -version.... \n+00000c40: 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 Print the versi\n+00000c50: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 on number of GRU\n+00000c60: 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 B and exit......\n+00000c70: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n+00000c80: 3d44 4952 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 =DIR.... Ins\n+00000c90: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6573 tall GRUB images\n+00000ca0: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 under the direc\n+00000cb0: 746f 7279 20e2 8098 4449 522f 6772 7562 tory ...DIR/grub\n+00000cc0: 2fe2 8099 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e /... This option\n+00000cd0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 is. useful \n+00000ce0: 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f when you want to\n+00000cf0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e install GRUB in\n+00000d00: 746f 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 7061 to a separate pa\n+00000d10: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 2061 0a20 2020 rtition or a. \n+00000d20: 2020 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 6520 6469 736b removable disk\n+00000d30: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f . If this optio\n+00000d40: 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7065 6369 6669 n is not specifi\n+00000d50: 6564 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2064 6566 6175 ed then it defau\n+00000d60: 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 982f lts. to .../\n+00000d70: 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2073 6f0a 0a20 2020 boot..., so.. \n+00000d80: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 grub-inst\n+00000d90: 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 all /dev/sda.. \n+00000da0: 2020 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 is equivalent\n+00000db0: 2074 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 to.. g\n+00000dc0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f rub-install --bo\n+00000dd0: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 626f ot-directory=/bo\n+00000de0: 6f74 2f20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 ot/ /dev/sda.. \n+00000df0: 2020 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 Here is an ex\n+00000e00: 616d 706c 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 2079 ample in which y\n+00000e10: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 7365 7061 7261 ou have a separa\n+00000e20: 7465 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 e280 9d20 7061 te ...boot... pa\n+00000e30: 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6869 rtition. whi\n+00000e40: 6368 2069 7320 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 6f6e ch is mounted on\n+00000e50: 20e2 8098 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 .../mnt/boot...\n+00000e60: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n+00000e70: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 b-install --boot\n+00000e80: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f -directory=/mnt/\n+00000e90: 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 7364 620a 0ae2 boot /dev/sdb...\n+00000ea0: 8098 2d2d 7265 6368 6563 6be2 8099 0a20 ..--recheck.... \n+00000eb0: 2020 2020 5265 6368 6563 6b20 7468 6520 Recheck the \n+00000ec0: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 6576 656e device map, even\n+00000ed0: 2069 6620 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 if .../boot/gru\n+00000ee0: 622f 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 9920 b/device.map... \n+00000ef0: 616c 7265 6164 790a 2020 2020 2065 7869 already. exi\n+00000f00: 7374 732e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 sts. You should\n+00000f10: 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e use this option\n+00000f20: 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 796f 7520 6164 whenever you ad\n+00000f30: 642f 7265 6d6f 7665 2061 2064 6973 6b0a d/remove a disk.\n+00000f40: 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6f2f 6672 6f6d 2079 into/from y\n+00000f50: 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a 0ae2 our computer....\n+00000f60: 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d72 732d 636f 6465 73e2 ..--no-rs-codes.\n+00000f70: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 ... By defau\n+00000f80: 6c74 206f 6e20 7838 3620 4249 4f53 2073 lt on x86 BIOS s\n+00000f90: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d ystems, ...grub-\n+00000fa0: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 install... will \n+00000fb0: 7573 6520 736f 6d65 2065 7874 7261 0a20 use some extra. \n+00000fc0: 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 space in the\n+00000fd0: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 bootloader embe\n+00000fe0: 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 2066 6f72 2052 dding area for R\n+00000ff0: 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 eed-Solomon. \n+00001000: 2065 7272 6f72 2d63 6f72 7265 6374 696e error-correctin\n+00001010: 6720 636f 6465 732e 2020 5468 6973 2065 g codes. This e\n+00001020: 6e61 626c 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 2073 nables GRUB to s\n+00001030: 7469 6c6c 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 till boot. s\n+00001040: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 uccessfully if s\n+00001050: 6f6d 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 7265 2063 ome blocks are c\n+00001060: 6f72 7275 7074 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2065 orrupted. The e\n+00001070: 7861 6374 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 0a20 xact amount of. \n+00001080: 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 206f protection o\n+00001090: 6666 6572 6564 2069 7320 6465 7065 6e64 ffered is depend\n+000010a0: 656e 7420 6f6e 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ent on available\n+000010b0: 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656d space in the em\n+000010c0: 6265 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 bedding. are\n+000010d0: 612e 2020 5220 7365 6374 6f72 7320 6f66 a. R sectors of\n+000010e0: 2072 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6361 6e20 redundancy can \n+000010f0: 746f 6c65 7261 7465 2075 7020 746f 2052 tolerate up to R\n+00001100: 2f32 2063 6f72 7275 7074 6564 0a20 2020 /2 corrupted. \n+00001110: 2020 7365 6374 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6973 sectors. This\n+00001120: 2072 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6d61 7920 redundancy may \n+00001130: 6265 2063 756d 6265 7273 6f6d 6520 6966 be cumbersome if\n+00001140: 2061 7474 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 attempting to. \n+00001150: 2020 2020 6372 7970 746f 6772 6170 6869 cryptographi\n+00001160: 6361 6c6c 7920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2074 cally validate t\n+00001170: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 he contents of t\n+00001180: 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d he bootloader em\n+00001190: 6265 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 bedding. are\n+000011a0: 612c 206f 7220 696e 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f a, or in more mo\n+000011b0: 6465 726e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 dern systems wit\n+000011c0: 6820 4750 542d 7374 796c 6520 7061 7274 h GPT-style part\n+000011d0: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 0a20 2020 ition tables. \n+000011e0: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e (*note BIOS in\n+000011f0: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7768 stallation::) wh\n+00001200: 6572 6520 4752 5542 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f ere GRUB does no\n+00001210: 7420 7265 7369 6465 2069 6e20 616e 790a t reside in any.\n+00001220: 2020 2020 2075 6e70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e unpartition\n+00001230: 6564 2073 7061 6365 206f 7574 7369 6465 ed space outside\n+00001240: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4d42 522e 2044 6973 of the MBR. Dis\n+00001250: 6162 6c65 2074 6865 2052 6565 642d 536f able the Reed-So\n+00001260: 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6573 lomon. codes\n+00001270: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f with this optio\n+00001280: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+00001290: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n+000012a0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n+000012b0: 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 nfig, Next: Inv\n+000012c0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 oking grub-mkpas\n+000012d0: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 swd-pbkdf2, Pre\n+000012e0: 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 v: Invoking grub\n+000012f0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2055 -install, Up: U\n+00001300: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n+00001310: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3220 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.2 Invoki\n+00001320: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n+00001330: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n+00001350: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 e program ...gru\n+00001360: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6765 b-mkconfig... ge\n+00001370: 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 nerates a config\n+00001380: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 uration file for\n+00001390: 2047 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d GRUB.(*note Sim\n+000013a0: 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple configuratio\n+000013b0: 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 n::)... grub\n+000013c0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6720 2d6f 202f 626f -mkconfig -o /bo\n+000013d0: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n+000013e0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 .. ...grub-mkc\n+000013f0: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 onfig... accepts\n+00001400: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f the following o\n+00001410: 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 ptions:.....--he\n+00001420: 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 lp.... Print\n+00001430: 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 a summary of th\n+00001440: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f e command-line o\n+00001450: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e ptions and exit.\n+00001460: 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 .....--version..\n+00001470: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 .. Print the\n+00001480: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 version number \n+00001490: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 of GRUB and exit\n+000014a0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 ......-o FILE...\n+000014b0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c ....--output=FIL\n+000014c0: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6e64 2074 E.... Send t\n+000014d0: 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2063 6f6e he generated con\n+000014e0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n+000014f0: 746f 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 6465 to FILE. The de\n+00001500: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 fault is to. \n+00001510: 2073 656e 6420 6974 2074 6f20 7374 616e send it to stan\n+00001520: 6461 7264 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a dard output.....\n+00001530: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00001540: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n+00001550: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 grub-mkpasswd-p\n+00001560: 626b 6466 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e bkdf2, Next: In\n+00001570: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+00001580: 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e lpath, Prev: In\n+00001590: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n+000015a0: 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d nfig, Up: User-\n+000015b0: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n+000015c0: 0a32 342e 3320 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 .24.3 Invoking g\n+000015d0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n+000015e0: 6466 320a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d df2.============\n 000015f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 ====..The progra\n-00001610: 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 m ...grub-mkpass\n-00001620: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2067 656e wd-pbkdf2... gen\n-00001630: 6572 6174 6573 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 erates password \n-00001640: 6861 7368 6573 2066 6f72 2047 5255 420a hashes for GRUB.\n-00001650: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a (*note Security:\n-00001660: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d :)... grub-m\n-00001670: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 0a0a kpasswd-pbkdf2..\n-00001680: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 ...grub-mkpas\n-00001690: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 6163 swd-pbkdf2... ac\n-000016a0: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n-000016b0: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 ing options:....\n-000016c0: 982d 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 .-c NUMBER......\n-000016d0: 982d 2d69 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 2d63 6f75 .--iteration-cou\n-000016e0: 6e74 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 nt=NUMBER.... \n-000016f0: 2020 4e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6974 6572 Number of iter\n-00001700: 6174 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6520 756e ations of the un\n-00001710: 6465 726c 7969 6e67 2070 7365 7564 6f2d derlying pseudo-\n-00001720: 7261 6e64 6f6d 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2e random function.\n-00001730: 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 . Defaults t\n-00001740: 6f20 3130 3030 302e 0a0a e280 982d 6c20 o 10000......-l \n-00001750: 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d 2d62 NUMBER.......--b\n-00001760: 7566 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a uflen=NUMBER....\n-00001770: 2020 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 Length of t\n-00001780: 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2068 6173 he generated has\n-00001790: 682e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 h. Defaults to \n-000017a0: 3634 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d73 204e 554d 4245 64......-s NUMBE\n-000017b0: 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7361 6c74 3d4e R.......--salt=N\n-000017c0: 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 UMBER.... Le\n-000017d0: 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 7361 6c74 ngth of the salt\n-000017e0: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2036 . Defaults to 6\n-000017f0: 342e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 4.....File: grub\n-00001800: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n-00001810: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00001820: 6c70 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e lpath, Next: In\n-00001830: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00001840: 7363 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 scue, Prev: Inv\n-00001850: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 oking grub-mkpas\n-00001860: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 703a swd-pbkdf2, Up:\n-00001870: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n-00001880: 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3420 496e 766f ities..24.4 Invo\n-00001890: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n-000018a0: 6174 680a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ath.============\n+00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n+00001610: 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 ram ...grub-mkpa\n+00001620: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2067 sswd-pbkdf2... g\n+00001630: 656e 6572 6174 6573 2070 6173 7377 6f72 enerates passwor\n+00001640: 6420 6861 7368 6573 2066 6f72 2047 5255 d hashes for GRU\n+00001650: 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 B.(*note Securit\n+00001660: 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 y::)... grub\n+00001670: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n+00001680: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 .. ...grub-mkp\n+00001690: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 asswd-pbkdf2... \n+000016a0: 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c accepts the foll\n+000016b0: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a owing options:..\n+000016c0: e280 982d 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a ...-c NUMBER....\n+000016d0: e280 982d 2d69 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 2d63 ...--iteration-c\n+000016e0: 6f75 6e74 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 ount=NUMBER.... \n+000016f0: 2020 2020 4e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6974 Number of it\n+00001700: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6520 erations of the \n+00001710: 756e 6465 726c 7969 6e67 2070 7365 7564 underlying pseud\n+00001720: 6f2d 7261 6e64 6f6d 2066 756e 6374 696f o-random functio\n+00001730: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 n.. Defaults\n+00001740: 2074 6f20 3130 3030 302e 0a0a e280 982d to 10000......-\n+00001750: 6c20 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d l NUMBER.......-\n+00001760: 2d62 7566 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 -buflen=NUMBER..\n+00001770: 990a 2020 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 .. Length of\n+00001780: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2068 the generated h\n+00001790: 6173 682e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 ash. Defaults t\n+000017a0: 6f20 3634 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d73 204e 554d o 64......-s NUM\n+000017b0: 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7361 6c74 BER.......--salt\n+000017c0: 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 =NUMBER.... \n+000017d0: 4c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 7361 Length of the sa\n+000017e0: 6c74 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f lt. Defaults to\n+000017f0: 2036 342e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 64.....File: gr\n+00001800: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00001810: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+00001820: 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 relpath, Next: \n+00001830: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+00001840: 7265 7363 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 rescue, Prev: I\n+00001850: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 nvoking grub-mkp\n+00001860: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 asswd-pbkdf2, U\n+00001870: 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 p: User-space ut\n+00001880: 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3420 496e ilities..24.4 In\n+00001890: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+000018a0: 6c70 6174 680a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d lpath.==========\n 000018b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000018c0: 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 ..The program ..\n-000018d0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 68e2 .grub-mkrelpath.\n-000018e0: 8099 206d 616b 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 .. makes a file \n-000018f0: 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 6c61 system path rela\n-00001900: 7469 7665 2074 6f20 7468 650a 726f 6f74 tive to the.root\n-00001910: 206f 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 of its containi\n-00001920: 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 ng file system. \n-00001930: 2046 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2069 For instance, i\n-00001940: 6620 e280 982f 7573 72e2 8099 2069 7320 f .../usr... is \n-00001950: 6120 6d6f 756e 740a 706f 696e 742c 2074 a mount.point, t\n-00001960: 6865 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 hen:.. $ gru\n-00001970: 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 6820 2f75 7372 b-mkrelpath /usr\n-00001980: 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e 6963 /share/grub/unic\n-00001990: 6f64 652e 7066 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ode.pf2. ...\n-000019a0: 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e 6963 /share/grub/unic\n-000019b0: 6f64 652e 7066 32e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2054 ode.pf2..... T\n-000019c0: 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 his is mainly us\n-000019d0: 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 6279 ed internally by\n-000019e0: 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c other GRUB util\n-000019f0: 6974 6965 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a e280 ities such as...\n-00001a00: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n-00001a10: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note Invokin\n-00001a20: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a g grub-mkconfig:\n-00001a30: 3a29 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f63 6361 :), but may occa\n-00001a40: 7369 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a61 6c73 6f20 6265 sionally.also be\n-00001a50: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6465 6275 useful for debu\n-00001a60: 6767 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 gging... ...gr\n-00001a70: 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 e280 9920 ub-mkrelpath... \n-00001a80: 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c accepts the foll\n-00001a90: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a owing options:..\n-00001aa0: e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...--help.... \n-00001ab0: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 Print a summar\n-00001ac0: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 y of the command\n-00001ad0: 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e -line options an\n-00001ae0: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 d exit......--ve\n-00001af0: 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 rsion.... Pr\n-00001b00: 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 int the version \n-00001b10: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 number of GRUB a\n-00001b20: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nd exit.....File\n-00001b30: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00001b40: 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 de: Invoking gru\n-00001b50: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 204e 6578 b-mkrescue, Nex\n-00001b60: 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 t: Invoking grub\n-00001b70: 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 -mount, Prev: I\n-00001b80: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n-00001b90: 656c 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 elpath, Up: Use\n-00001ba0: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n-00001bb0: 730a 0a32 342e 3520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.5 Invoking\n-00001bc0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 0a3d grub-mkrescue.=\n-00001bd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-00001bf0: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d program ...grub-\n-00001c00: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6765 6e65 mkrescue... gene\n-00001c10: 7261 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 rates a bootable\n-00001c20: 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 GRUB rescue ima\n-00001c30: 6765 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 ge.(*note Making\n-00001c40: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n-00001c50: 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 CD-ROM::)... \n-00001c60: 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 grub-mkrescue \n-00001c70: 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 -o grub.iso.. \n-00001c80: 416c 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6e6f All arguments no\n-00001c90: 7420 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6973 t explicitly lis\n-00001ca0: 7465 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ted as ...grub-m\n-00001cb0: 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f krescue... optio\n-00001cc0: 6e73 2061 7265 0a70 6173 7365 6420 6f6e ns are.passed on\n-00001cd0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f 20e2 8098 directly to ...\n-00001ce0: 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 xorriso... in ..\n-00001cf0: 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 656d 756c .mkisofs... emul\n-00001d00: 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 204f 7074 ation mode. Opt\n-00001d10: 696f 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 6420 746f 20e2 ions.passed to .\n-00001d20: 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2077 696c ..xorriso... wil\n-00001d30: 6c20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 6520 696e l normally be in\n-00001d40: 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 20e2 8098 terpreted as ...\n-00001d50: 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f mkisofs... optio\n-00001d60: 6e73 3b0a 6966 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f ns;.if the optio\n-00001d70: 6e20 e280 982d 2de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 n ...--... is us\n-00001d80: 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2061 6e79 7468 696e ed, then anythin\n-00001d90: 6720 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2077 696c g after that wil\n-00001da0: 6c20 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 l be interpreted\n-00001db0: 0a61 7320 6e61 7469 7665 20e2 8098 786f .as native ...xo\n-00001dc0: 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 rriso... options\n-00001dd0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e ... Non-option\n-00001de0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 7065 6369 arguments speci\n-00001df0: 6679 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 736f fy additional so\n-00001e00: 7572 6365 2064 6972 6563 746f 7269 6573 urce directories\n-00001e10: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a63 6f6d 6d6f . This is.commo\n-00001e20: 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6164 6420 nly used to add \n-00001e30: 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f 2074 extra files to t\n-00001e40: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 he image:.. \n-00001e50: 6d6b 6469 7220 2d70 2064 6973 6b2f 626f mkdir -p disk/bo\n-00001e60: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2028 6164 ot/grub. (ad\n-00001e70: 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f d extra files to\n-00001e80: 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 ...disk/boot/gr\n-00001e90: 7562 e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 ub...). grub\n-00001ea0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 -mkrescue -o gru\n-00001eb0: 622e 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a 2020 20e2 b.iso disk.. .\n-00001ec0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 ..grub-mkrescue.\n-00001ed0: 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 .. accepts the f\n-00001ee0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n-00001ef0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a :.....--help....\n-00001f00: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d Print a sum\n-00001f10: 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d mary of the comm\n-00001f20: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 and-line options\n-00001f30: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n-00001f40: 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 -version.... \n-00001f50: 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 Print the versi\n-00001f60: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 on number of GRU\n-00001f70: 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 B and exit......\n-00001f80: 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d -o FILE.......--\n-00001f90: 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 output=FILE.... \n-00001fa0: 2020 2020 5361 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 Save output \n-00001fb0: 696e 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6973 2022 in FILE. This \"\n-00001fc0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2072 6571 7569 option\" is requi\n-00001fd0: 7265 642e 0a0a e280 982d 2d6d 6f64 756c red......--modul\n-00001fe0: 6573 3d4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a 2020 es=MODULES.... \n-00001ff0: 2020 2050 7265 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 Pre-load the \n-00002000: 6e61 6d65 6420 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c named GRUB modul\n-00002010: 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e es in the image.\n-00002020: 2020 4d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 Multiple entri\n-00002030: 6573 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 204d 4f44 554c es in. MODUL\n-00002040: 4553 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2073 6570 ES should be sep\n-00002050: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7768 6974 6573 arated by whites\n-00002060: 7061 6365 2028 736f 2079 6f75 2077 696c pace (so you wil\n-00002070: 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 l probably. \n-00002080: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7175 6f74 6520 7468 need to quote th\n-00002090: 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 7368 656c is for your shel\n-000020a0: 6c29 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6d2d 6469 l)......--rom-di\n-000020b0: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 8099 0a20 rectory=DIR.... \n-000020c0: 2020 2020 4966 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e If generatin\n-000020d0: 6720 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 g images for the\n-000020e0: 2051 454d 5520 6f72 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f QEMU or Coreboo\n-000020f0: 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c 2063 6f70 t platforms, cop\n-00002100: 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 756c y the. resul\n-00002110: 7469 6e67 20e2 8098 7165 6d75 2e69 6d67 ting ...qemu.img\n-00002120: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 636f 7265 626f ... or ...corebo\n-00002130: 6f74 2e65 6c66 e280 9920 6669 6c65 7320 ot.elf... files \n-00002140: 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2074 6f20 respectively to \n-00002150: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 4952 2064 6972 the. DIR dir\n-00002160: 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 ectory as well a\n-00002170: 7320 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 656d s including them\n-00002180: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e 0a0a in the image...\n-00002190: e280 982d 2d78 6f72 7269 736f 3d46 494c ...--xorriso=FIL\n-000021a0: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 E.... Use FI\n-000021b0: 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9878 6f72 LE as the ...xor\n-000021c0: 7269 736f e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d2c riso... program,\n-000021d0: 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 rather than the\n-000021e0: 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 built-in. d\n-000021f0: 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6772 efault......--gr\n-00002200: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 494c 45e2 ub-mkimage=FILE.\n-00002210: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 ... Use FILE\n-00002220: 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d as the ...grub-\n-00002230: 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6772 mkimage... progr\n-00002240: 616d 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 am, rather than \n-00002250: 7468 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 the built-in. \n-00002260: 2020 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 default.....Fi\n-00002270: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00002280: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n-00002290: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 rub-mount, Next\n-000022a0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-000022b0: 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e probe, Prev: In\n-000022c0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-000022d0: 7363 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d scue, Up: User-\n-000022e0: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n-000022f0: 0a32 342e 3620 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 .24.6 Invoking g\n-00002300: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rub-mount.======\n+000018c0: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 ==..The program \n+000018d0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ...grub-mkrelpat\n+000018e0: 68e2 8099 206d 616b 6573 2061 2066 696c h... makes a fil\n+000018f0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 e system path re\n+00001900: 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 7468 650a 726f lative to the.ro\n+00001910: 6f74 206f 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 6169 ot of its contai\n+00001920: 6e69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d ning file system\n+00001930: 2e20 2046 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c . For instance,\n+00001940: 2069 6620 e280 982f 7573 72e2 8099 2069 if .../usr... i\n+00001950: 7320 6120 6d6f 756e 740a 706f 696e 742c s a mount.point,\n+00001960: 2074 6865 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 then:.. $ g\n+00001970: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 6820 2f75 rub-mkrelpath /u\n+00001980: 7372 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e sr/share/grub/un\n+00001990: 6963 6f64 652e 7066 320a 2020 2020 20e2 icode.pf2. .\n+000019a0: 8098 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e ../share/grub/un\n+000019b0: 6963 6f64 652e 7066 32e2 8099 0a0a 2020 icode.pf2..... \n+000019c0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 This is mainly \n+000019d0: 7573 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 used internally \n+000019e0: 6279 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 7574 by other GRUB ut\n+000019f0: 696c 6974 6965 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a ilities such as.\n+00001a00: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+00001a10: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n+00001a20: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+00001a30: 673a 3a29 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f63 g::), but may oc\n+00001a40: 6361 7369 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a61 6c73 6f20 casionally.also \n+00001a50: 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6465 be useful for de\n+00001a60: 6275 6767 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 bugging... ...\n+00001a70: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 e280 grub-mkrelpath..\n+00001a80: 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f . accepts the fo\n+00001a90: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a llowing options:\n+00001aa0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 .....--help.... \n+00001ab0: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d Print a summ\n+00001ac0: 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ary of the comma\n+00001ad0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 nd-line options \n+00001ae0: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d and exit......--\n+00001af0: 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 version.... \n+00001b00: 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f Print the versio\n+00001b10: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 n number of GRUB\n+00001b20: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 and exit.....Fi\n+00001b30: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00001b40: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n+00001b50: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 204e rub-mkrescue, N\n+00001b60: 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ext: Invoking gr\n+00001b70: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a ub-mount, Prev:\n+00001b80: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+00001b90: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2055 krelpath, Up: U\n+00001ba0: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n+00001bb0: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3520 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.5 Invoki\n+00001bc0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ng grub-mkrescue\n+00001bd0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n+00001bf0: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 e program ...gru\n+00001c00: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6765 b-mkrescue... ge\n+00001c10: 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 6162 nerates a bootab\n+00001c20: 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 le GRUB rescue i\n+00001c30: 6d61 6765 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 mage.(*note Maki\n+00001c40: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n+00001c50: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 le CD-ROM::)... \n+00001c60: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 grub-mkrescu\n+00001c70: 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 e -o grub.iso.. \n+00001c80: 2020 416c 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 All arguments \n+00001c90: 6e6f 7420 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c not explicitly l\n+00001ca0: 6973 7465 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6772 7562 isted as ...grub\n+00001cb0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 206f 7074 -mkrescue... opt\n+00001cc0: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 0a70 6173 7365 6420 ions are.passed \n+00001cd0: 6f6e 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f 20e2 on directly to .\n+00001ce0: 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2069 6e20 ..xorriso... in \n+00001cf0: e280 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 656d ...mkisofs... em\n+00001d00: 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 204f ulation mode. O\n+00001d10: 7074 696f 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 6420 746f ptions.passed to\n+00001d20: 20e2 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2077 ...xorriso... w\n+00001d30: 696c 6c20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 6520 ill normally be \n+00001d40: 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 20e2 interpreted as .\n+00001d50: 8098 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 206f 7074 ..mkisofs... opt\n+00001d60: 696f 6e73 3b0a 6966 2074 6865 206f 7074 ions;.if the opt\n+00001d70: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2de2 8099 2069 7320 ion ...--... is \n+00001d80: 7573 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2061 6e79 7468 used, then anyth\n+00001d90: 696e 6720 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2077 ing after that w\n+00001da0: 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 ill be interpret\n+00001db0: 6564 0a61 7320 6e61 7469 7665 20e2 8098 ed.as native ...\n+00001dc0: 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 206f 7074 696f xorriso... optio\n+00001dd0: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 ns... Non-opti\n+00001de0: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 7065 on arguments spe\n+00001df0: 6369 6679 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 cify additional \n+00001e00: 736f 7572 6365 2064 6972 6563 746f 7269 source directori\n+00001e10: 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a63 6f6d es. This is.com\n+00001e20: 6d6f 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6164 monly used to ad\n+00001e30: 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f d extra files to\n+00001e40: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 2020 the image:.. \n+00001e50: 2020 6d6b 6469 7220 2d70 2064 6973 6b2f mkdir -p disk/\n+00001e60: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2028 boot/grub. (\n+00001e70: 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 add extra files \n+00001e80: 746f 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f to ...disk/boot/\n+00001e90: 6772 7562 e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 6772 grub...). gr\n+00001ea0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 ub-mkrescue -o g\n+00001eb0: 7275 622e 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a 2020 rub.iso disk.. \n+00001ec0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ...grub-mkrescu\n+00001ed0: 65e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 e... accepts the\n+00001ee0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n+00001ef0: 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 ns:.....--help..\n+00001f00: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 .. Print a s\n+00001f10: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f ummary of the co\n+00001f20: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f mmand-line optio\n+00001f30: 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 ns and exit.....\n+00001f40: 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 .--version.... \n+00001f50: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 Print the ver\n+00001f60: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 sion number of G\n+00001f70: 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 RUB and exit....\n+00001f80: 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 ..-o FILE.......\n+00001f90: 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 --output=FILE...\n+00001fa0: 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7665 206f 7574 7075 . Save outpu\n+00001fb0: 7420 696e 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6973 t in FILE. This\n+00001fc0: 2022 6f70 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2072 6571 \"option\" is req\n+00001fd0: 7569 7265 642e 0a0a e280 982d 2d6d 6f64 uired......--mod\n+00001fe0: 756c 6573 3d4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a ules=MODULES....\n+00001ff0: 2020 2020 2050 7265 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 Pre-load th\n+00002000: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4752 5542 206d 6f64 e named GRUB mod\n+00002010: 756c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 ules in the imag\n+00002020: 652e 2020 4d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2065 6e74 e. Multiple ent\n+00002030: 7269 6573 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 204d 4f44 ries in. MOD\n+00002040: 554c 4553 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2073 ULES should be s\n+00002050: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7768 6974 eparated by whit\n+00002060: 6573 7061 6365 2028 736f 2079 6f75 2077 espace (so you w\n+00002070: 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a20 2020 ill probably. \n+00002080: 2020 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7175 6f74 6520 need to quote \n+00002090: 7468 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 7368 this for your sh\n+000020a0: 656c 6c29 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6d2d ell)......--rom-\n+000020b0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 8099 directory=DIR...\n+000020c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 656e 6572 6174 . If generat\n+000020d0: 696e 6720 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2074 ing images for t\n+000020e0: 6865 2051 454d 5520 6f72 2043 6f72 6562 he QEMU or Coreb\n+000020f0: 6f6f 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c 2063 oot platforms, c\n+00002100: 6f70 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 opy the. res\n+00002110: 756c 7469 6e67 20e2 8098 7165 6d75 2e69 ulting ...qemu.i\n+00002120: 6d67 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 636f 7265 mg... or ...core\n+00002130: 626f 6f74 2e65 6c66 e280 9920 6669 6c65 boot.elf... file\n+00002140: 7320 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2074 s respectively t\n+00002150: 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 4952 2064 o the. DIR d\n+00002160: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 7765 6c6c irectory as well\n+00002170: 2061 7320 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 as including th\n+00002180: 656d 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e em in the image.\n+00002190: 0a0a e280 982d 2d78 6f72 7269 736f 3d46 .....--xorriso=F\n+000021a0: 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 ILE.... Use \n+000021b0: 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9878 FILE as the ...x\n+000021c0: 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 orriso... progra\n+000021d0: 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 m, rather than t\n+000021e0: 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 2020 he built-in. \n+000021f0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d default......--\n+00002200: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 494c grub-mkimage=FIL\n+00002210: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 E.... Use FI\n+00002220: 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 LE as the ...gru\n+00002230: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2070 726f b-mkimage... pro\n+00002240: 6772 616d 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 gram, rather tha\n+00002250: 6e20 7468 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 n the built-in. \n+00002260: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a default.....\n+00002270: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00002280: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n+00002290: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 grub-mount, Ne\n+000022a0: 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 xt: Invoking gru\n+000022b0: 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 b-probe, Prev: \n+000022c0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+000022d0: 7265 7363 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 rescue, Up: Use\n+000022e0: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n+000022f0: 730a 0a32 342e 3620 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.6 Invoking\n+00002300: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 740a 3d3d 3d3d grub-mount.====\n 00002310: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002320: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 ==..The program \n-00002330: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 ...grub-mount...\n-00002340: 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 7265 6164 performs a read\n-00002350: 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2061 -only mount of a\n-00002360: 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6f ny file system.o\n-00002370: 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696d r file system im\n-00002380: 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e age that GRUB un\n-00002390: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 732c 2075 7369 6e67 derstands, using\n-000023a0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 6669 6c65 2073 7973 GRUB's file sys\n-000023b0: 7465 6d0a 6472 6976 6572 7320 7669 6120 tem.drivers via \n-000023c0: 4655 5345 2e20 2849 7420 6973 206f 6e6c FUSE. (It is onl\n-000023d0: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6966 2046 y available if F\n-000023e0: 5553 4520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 USE development \n-000023f0: 6669 6c65 7320 7765 7265 0a70 7265 7365 files were.prese\n-00002400: 6e74 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 6173 nt when GRUB was\n-00002410: 2062 7569 6c74 2e29 2020 5468 6973 2068 built.) This h\n-00002420: 6173 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2075 as a number of u\n-00002430: 7365 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 ses:.. ... It \n-00002440: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 7665 provides a conve\n-00002450: 6e69 656e 7420 7761 7920 746f 2063 6865 nient way to che\n-00002460: 636b 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c ck how GRUB will\n-00002470: 2076 6965 7720 6120 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 view a file. \n-00002480: 2020 7379 7374 656d 2061 7420 626f 6f74 system at boot\n-00002490: 2074 696d 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 time. You can \n-000024a0: 7573 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 use normal comma\n-000024b0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 746f 6f6c 7320 746f nd-line tools to\n-000024c0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 . compare th\n-000024d0: 6174 2076 6965 7720 7769 7468 2074 6861 at view with tha\n-000024e0: 7420 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 t of your operat\n-000024f0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6d61 6b69 ing system, maki\n-00002500: 6e67 2069 740a 2020 2020 2065 6173 7920 ng it. easy \n-00002510: 746f 2066 696e 6420 6275 6773 2e0a 0a20 to find bugs... \n-00002520: 2020 e280 a220 4974 206f 6666 6572 7320 ... It offers \n-00002530: 7472 7565 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d true read-only m\n-00002540: 6f75 6e74 732e 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 646f ounts. Linux do\n-00002550: 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7468 6573 es not have thes\n-00002560: 6520 666f 720a 2020 2020 206a 6f75 726e e for. journ\n-00002570: 616c 6c69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 alling file syst\n-00002580: 656d 732c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 ems, because it \n-00002590: 7769 6c6c 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6174 7465 will always atte\n-000025a0: 6d70 7420 746f 2072 6570 6c61 790a 2020 mpt to replay. \n-000025b0: 2020 2074 6865 206a 6f75 726e 616c 2061 the journal a\n-000025c0: 7420 6d6f 756e 7420 7469 6d65 3b20 7768 t mount time; wh\n-000025d0: 696c 6520 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7465 6d70 ile you can temp\n-000025e0: 6f72 6172 696c 7920 6d61 726b 2074 6865 orarily mark the\n-000025f0: 2062 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 block. devi\n-00002600: 6365 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 ce read-only to \n-00002610: 6176 6f69 6420 7468 6973 2c20 7468 6174 avoid this, that\n-00002620: 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 756e causes the moun\n-00002630: 7420 746f 2066 6169 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 t to fail.. \n-00002640: 5369 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e74 656e Since GRUB inten\n-00002650: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7461 696e tionally contain\n-00002660: 7320 6e6f 2063 6f64 6520 666f 7220 7772 s no code for wr\n-00002670: 6974 696e 6720 746f 2066 696c 650a 2020 iting to file. \n-00002680: 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6974 2063 systems, it c\n-00002690: 616e 2065 6173 696c 7920 7072 6f76 6964 an easily provid\n-000026a0: 6520 6120 6775 6172 616e 7465 6564 2072 e a guaranteed r\n-000026b0: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 0a20 ead-only mount. \n-000026c0: 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2e 0a0a mechanism...\n-000026d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 ... It allows\n-000026e0: 2079 6f75 2074 6f20 6578 616d 696e 6520 you to examine \n-000026f0: 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 any file system \n-00002700: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7273 that GRUB unders\n-00002710: 7461 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2077 6974 686f tands. witho\n-00002720: 7574 206e 6565 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f ut needing to lo\n-00002730: 6164 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6d6f ad additional mo\n-00002740: 6475 6c65 7320 696e 746f 2079 6f75 7220 dules into your \n-00002750: 7275 6e6e 696e 670a 2020 2020 206b 6572 running. ker\n-00002760: 6e65 6c2c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 2062 nel, which may b\n-00002770: 6520 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e73 e useful in cons\n-00002780: 7472 6169 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d trained environm\n-00002790: 656e 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 0a20 2020 ents such as. \n-000027a0: 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7273 2e0a 0a20 installers... \n-000027b0: 2020 e280 a220 5369 6e63 6520 6974 2063 ... Since it c\n-000027c0: 616e 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2066 696c 6520 an examine file \n-000027d0: 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 7320 2863 system images (c\n-000027e0: 6f6e 7461 696e 6564 2069 6e20 7265 6775 ontained in regu\n-000027f0: 6c61 720a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 2920 lar. files) \n-00002800: 6a75 7374 2061 7320 6561 7369 6c79 2061 just as easily a\n-00002810: 7320 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206f s file systems o\n-00002820: 6e20 626c 6f63 6b20 6465 7669 6365 732c n block devices,\n-00002830: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a20 2020 you can use. \n-00002840: 2020 6974 2074 6f20 696e 7370 6563 7420 it to inspect \n-00002850: 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 any file system \n-00002860: 696d 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 image that GRUB \n-00002870: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 7769 7468 understands with\n-00002880: 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2065 6e6f 7567 only. enoug\n-00002890: 6820 7072 6976 696c 6567 6573 2074 6f20 h privileges to \n-000028a0: 7573 6520 4655 5345 2c20 6576 656e 2069 use FUSE, even i\n-000028b0: 6620 6e6f 626f 6479 2068 6173 2079 6574 f nobody has yet\n-000028c0: 2077 7269 7474 656e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 written a. \n-000028d0: 4655 5345 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7370 6563 FUSE module spec\n-000028e0: 6966 6963 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2074 6861 ifically for tha\n-000028f0: 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7479 t file system ty\n-00002900: 7065 2e0a 0a20 2020 5573 696e 6720 e280 pe... Using ..\n-00002910: 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2069 .grub-mount... i\n-00002920: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 7320 7369 s normally as si\n-00002930: 6d70 6c65 2061 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 mple as:.. g\n-00002940: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 rub-mount /dev/s\n-00002950: 6461 3120 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 da1 /mnt.. ...\n-00002960: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 6d75 grub-mount... mu\n-00002970: 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6f6e 6520 st be given one \n-00002980: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6573 2061 or more images a\n-00002990: 6e64 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 2070 6f69 6e74 nd a mount point\n-000029a0: 2061 730a 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 as.non-option a\n-000029b0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6966 2069 7420 rguments (if it \n-000029c0: 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d 6f72 6520 7468 is given more th\n-000029d0: 616e 206f 6e65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 6974 an one image, it\n-000029e0: 2077 696c 6c20 7472 6561 740a 7468 656d will treat.them\n-000029f0: 2061 7320 6120 5241 4944 2073 6574 292c as a RAID set),\n-00002a00: 2061 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 6365 7074 and also accept\n-00002a10: 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 s the following \n-00002a20: 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 options:.....--h\n-00002a30: 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e elp.... Prin\n-00002a40: 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 t a summary of t\n-00002a50: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 he command-line \n-00002a60: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 options and exit\n-00002a70: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 ......--version.\n-00002a80: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 ... Print th\n-00002a90: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 e version number\n-00002aa0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 of GRUB and exi\n-00002ab0: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 43e2 8099 0ae2 8098 t......-C.......\n-00002ac0: 2d2d 6372 7970 746f e280 990a 2020 2020 --crypto.... \n-00002ad0: 204d 6f75 6e74 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 Mount encrypted\n-00002ae0: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 7072 6f6d 7074 devices, prompt\n-00002af0: 696e 6720 666f 7220 6120 7061 7373 7068 ing for a passph\n-00002b00: 7261 7365 2069 6620 6e65 6365 7373 6172 rase if necessar\n-00002b10: 792e 0a0a e280 982d 6420 5354 5249 4e47 y......-d STRING\n-00002b20: e280 990a e280 982d 2d64 6562 7567 3d53 .......--debug=S\n-00002b30: 5452 494e 47e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5368 TRING.... Sh\n-00002b40: 6f77 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 ow debugging out\n-00002b50: 7075 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e64 6974 696f put for conditio\n-00002b60: 6e73 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 5354 5249 ns matching STRI\n-00002b70: 4e47 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d4b 2070 726f 6d70 NG......-K promp\n-00002b80: 747c 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d 2d7a t|FILE.......--z\n-00002b90: 6673 2d6b 6579 3d70 726f 6d70 747c 4649 fs-key=prompt|FI\n-00002ba0: 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 LE.... Load \n-00002bb0: 6120 5a46 5320 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e a ZFS encryption\n-00002bc0: 206b 6579 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 key. If you us\n-00002bd0: 6520 e280 9870 726f 6d70 74e2 8099 2061 e ...prompt... a\n-00002be0: 7320 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2c0a s the argument,.\n-00002bf0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 ...grub-mou\n-00002c00: 6e74 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 nt... will read \n-00002c10: 6120 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2066 726f a passphrase fro\n-00002c20: 6d20 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 3b20 m the terminal; \n-00002c30: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 0a20 2020 2020 otherwise,. \n-00002c40: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 206b 6579 it will read key\n-00002c50: 206d 6174 6572 6961 6c20 6672 6f6d 2074 material from t\n-00002c60: 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c he specified fil\n-00002c70: 652e 0a0a e280 982d 7220 4445 5649 4345 e......-r DEVICE\n-00002c80: e280 990a e280 982d 2d72 6f6f 743d 4445 .......--root=DE\n-00002c90: 5649 4345 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 VICE.... Set\n-00002ca0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 726f 6f74 2064 the GRUB root d\n-00002cb0: 6576 6963 6520 746f 2044 4556 4943 452e evice to DEVICE.\n-00002cc0: 2020 596f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 206e 6f72 You do not nor\n-00002cd0: 6d61 6c6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 mally need to. \n-00002ce0: 2020 2073 6574 2074 6869 733b 20e2 8098 set this; ...\n-00002cf0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 7769 grub-mount... wi\n-00002d00: 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 ll automatically\n-00002d10: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 set the root de\n-00002d20: 7669 6365 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 vice to. the\n-00002d30: 2072 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7570 root of the sup\n-00002d40: 706c 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 plied file syste\n-00002d50: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 4445 5649 m... If DEVI\n-00002d60: 4345 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 206e 756d CE is just a num\n-00002d70: 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2077 696c ber, then it wil\n-00002d80: 6c20 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 l be treated as \n-00002d90: 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 a partition. \n-00002da0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 7769 7468 696e 2074 number within t\n-00002db0: 6865 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 696d 6167 he supplied imag\n-00002dc0: 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 e. This means t\n-00002dd0: 6861 742c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 hat, if you have\n-00002de0: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 206f an. image o\n-00002df0: 6620 616e 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6469 736b f an entire disk\n-00002e00: 2069 6e20 e280 9864 6973 6b2e 696d 67e2 in ...disk.img.\n-00002e10: 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e .., then you can\n-00002e20: 2075 7365 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 use this. c\n-00002e30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6d6f 756e 7420 ommand to mount \n-00002e40: 6974 7320 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 its second parti\n-00002e50: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tion:.. \n-00002e60: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2d72 2032 grub-mount -r 2\n-00002e70: 2064 6973 6b2e 696d 6720 6d6f 756e 742d disk.img mount-\n-00002e80: 706f 696e 740a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a point.....-v....\n-00002e90: e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a ...--verbose....\n-00002ea0: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 626f Print verbo\n-00002eb0: 7365 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a se messages.....\n-00002ec0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00002ed0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n-00002ee0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 grub-probe, Ne\n-00002ef0: 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 xt: Invoking gru\n-00002f00: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2c20 b-script-check, \n-00002f10: 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Prev: Invoking \n-00002f20: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a grub-mount, Up:\n-00002f30: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n-00002f40: 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3720 496e 766f ities..24.7 Invo\n-00002f50: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 650a king grub-probe.\n-00002f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n-00002f80: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7072 ogram ...grub-pr\n-00002f90: 6f62 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6265 7320 6465 obe... probes de\n-00002fa0: 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e vice information\n-00002fb0: 2066 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 for a given pat\n-00002fc0: 6820 6f72 0a64 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 h or.device... \n-00002fd0: 2020 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6520 2d2d grub-probe --\n-00002fe0: 7461 7267 6574 3d66 7320 2f62 6f6f 742f target=fs /boot/\n-00002ff0: 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d70 grub. grub-p\n-00003000: 726f 6265 202d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 6472 robe --target=dr\n-00003010: 6976 6520 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 202f 6465 ive --device /de\n-00003020: 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 v/sda1.. ...gr\n-00003030: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 6d75 7374 ub-probe... must\n-00003040: 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7061 7468 be given a path\n-00003050: 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 6120 or device as a \n-00003060: 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d non-option argum\n-00003070: 656e 742c 0a61 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 ent,.and also ac\n-00003080: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n-00003090: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 ing options:....\n-000030a0: 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .--help.... \n-000030b0: 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 Print a summary \n-000030c0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c of the command-l\n-000030d0: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 ine options and \n-000030e0: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 exit......--vers\n-000030f0: 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e ion.... Prin\n-00003100: 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 t the version nu\n-00003110: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 mber of GRUB and\n-00003120: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 64e2 8099 exit......-d...\n-00003130: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 e280 990a ....--device....\n-00003140: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 If this opt\n-00003150: 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 ion is given, th\n-00003160: 656e 2074 6865 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f en the non-optio\n-00003170: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 n argument is a \n-00003180: 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 system. devi\n-00003190: 6365 206e 616d 6520 2873 7563 6820 6173 ce name (such as\n-000031a0: 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 31e2 8099 .../dev/sda1...\n-000031b0: 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 ), and ...grub-p\n-000031c0: 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 robe... will pri\n-000031d0: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 nt. informat\n-000031e0: 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6174 2064 ion about that d\n-000031f0: 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 evice. If it is\n-00003200: 206e 6f74 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e not given, then\n-00003210: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 the. non-op\n-00003220: 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 tion argument is\n-00003230: 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7061 a filesystem pa\n-00003240: 7468 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 982f th (such as .../\n-00003250: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 292c 0a20 boot/grub...),. \n-00003260: 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d and ...grub-\n-00003270: 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7072 probe... will pr\n-00003280: 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 int information \n-00003290: 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 about the device\n-000032a0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 670a 2020 2020 containing. \n-000032b0: 2074 6861 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 that part of th\n-000032c0: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0ae2 e filesystem....\n-000032d0: 8098 2d6d 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 ..-m FILE.......\n-000032e0: 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 3d46 494c --device-map=FIL\n-000032f0: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 E.... Use FI\n-00003300: 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 LE as the device\n-00003310: 206d 6170 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 map (*note Devi\n-00003320: 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 7261 7468 6572 ce map::) rather\n-00003330: 2074 6861 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 than the. d\n-00003340: 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 efault, usually \n-00003350: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6465 .../boot/grub/de\n-00003360: 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 992e 0a0a e280 vice.map........\n-00003370: 982d 7420 5441 5247 4554 e280 990a e280 .-t TARGET......\n-00003380: 982d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 5441 5247 4554 .--target=TARGET\n-00003390: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2069 .... Print i\n-000033a0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 nformation about\n-000033b0: 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 6820 the given path \n-000033c0: 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2064 6566 or device as def\n-000033d0: 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2054 4152 ined by. TAR\n-000033e0: 4745 542e 2020 5468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 GET. The availa\n-000033f0: 626c 6520 7461 7267 6574 7320 616e 6420 ble targets and \n-00003400: 7468 6569 7220 6d65 616e 696e 6773 2061 their meanings a\n-00003410: 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 73e2 re:.. ...fs.\n-00003420: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 ... GRU\n-00003430: 4220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f64 B filesystem mod\n-00003440: 756c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 735f ule.. ...fs_\n-00003450: 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 uuid.... \n-00003460: 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 6e69 Filesystem Uni\n-00003470: 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2055 6e69 7175 6520 versally Unique \n-00003480: 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 5555 4944 Identifier (UUID\n-00003490: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 735f 6c61 ).. ...fs_la\n-000034a0: 6265 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 bel.... \n-000034b0: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 Filesystem labe\n-000034c0: 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 7269 7665 l.. ...drive\n-000034d0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 .... GR\n-000034e0: 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a UB device name..\n-000034f0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6465 7669 6365 e280 ...device..\n-00003500: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 .. Syst\n-00003510: 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a em device name..\n-00003520: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7061 7274 6d61 70e2 ...partmap.\n-00003530: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 ... GRU\n-00003540: 4220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7020 B partition map \n-00003550: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 module.. ...\n-00003560: 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 abstraction.... \n-00003570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6162 GRUB ab\n-00003580: 7374 7261 6374 696f 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 straction module\n-00003590: 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 986c 766d e280 (e.g. ...lvm..\n-000035a0: 9929 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6372 7970 .).. ...cryp\n-000035b0: 746f 6469 736b 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 todisk_uuid.... \n-000035c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 7279 7074 6f20 Crypto \n-000035d0: 6465 7669 6365 2055 5549 442e 0a20 2020 device UUID.. \n-000035e0: 2020 e280 986d 7364 6f73 5f70 6172 7474 ...msdos_partt\n-000035f0: 7970 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ype.... \n-00003600: 204d 4252 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 MBR partition t\n-00003610: 7970 6520 636f 6465 2028 7477 6f20 6865 ype code (two he\n-00003620: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 xadecimal digits\n-00003630: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9868 696e 7473 ).. ...hints\n-00003640: 5f73 7472 696e 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _string.... \n-00003650: 2020 2020 2041 2073 7472 696e 6720 6f66 A string of\n-00003660: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7365 6172 6368 platform search\n-00003670: 2068 696e 7473 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 hints suitable \n-00003680: 666f 7220 7061 7373 696e 6720 746f 2074 for passing to t\n-00003690: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 20e2 8098 he. ...\n-000036a0: 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e search... comman\n-000036b0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a d (*note search:\n-000036c0: 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6269 6f73 :).. ...bios\n-000036d0: 5f68 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 _hints.... \n-000036e0: 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 Search hints\n-000036f0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 for the PC BIOS\n-00003700: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 platform.. \n-00003710: e280 9869 6565 6531 3237 355f 6869 6e74 ...ieee1275_hint\n-00003720: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 s.... S\n-00003730: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 earch hints for \n-00003740: 7468 6520 4945 4545 3132 3735 2070 6c61 the IEEE1275 pla\n-00003750: 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 tform.. ...b\n-00003760: 6172 656d 6574 616c 5f68 696e 7473 e280 aremetal_hints..\n-00003770: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 6172 .. Sear\n-00003780: 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 ch hints for pla\n-00003790: 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2064 6973 tforms where dis\n-000037a0: 6b73 2061 7265 2061 6464 7265 7373 6564 ks are addressed\n-000037b0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 2020 2020 2020 directly. \n-000037c0: 2020 2020 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 rather than \n-000037d0: 7669 6120 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 via firmware.. \n-000037e0: 2020 20e2 8098 6566 695f 6869 6e74 73e2 ...efi_hints.\n-000037f0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 ... Sea\n-00003800: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 rch hints for th\n-00003810: 6520 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a e EFI platform..\n-00003820: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6172 635f 6869 6e74 ...arc_hint\n-00003830: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 s.... S\n-00003840: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 earch hints for \n-00003850: 7468 6520 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d the ARC platform\n-00003860: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6d70 6174 .. ...compat\n-00003870: 6962 696c 6974 795f 6869 6e74 e280 990a ibility_hint....\n-00003880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4120 6775 6573 A gues\n-00003890: 7320 6174 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c s at a reasonabl\n-000038a0: 6520 4752 5542 2064 7269 7665 206e 616d e GRUB drive nam\n-000038b0: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 e for this devic\n-000038c0: 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e, which. \n-000038d0: 2020 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 may be used a\n-000038e0: 7320 6120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2069 6620 s a fallback if \n-000038f0: 7468 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 the ...search...\n-00003900: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 6169 6c73 2e0a command fails..\n-00003910: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b e280 990a ...disk....\n-00003920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 656d System\n-00003930: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 6f72 device name for\n-00003940: 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 6b2e the whole disk.\n-00003950: 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d .....-v.......--\n-00003960: 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 verbose.... \n-00003970: 5072 696e 7420 7665 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 Print verbose me\n-00003980: 7373 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ssages.....File:\n-00003990: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000039a0: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n-000039b0: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c 2020 -script-check, \n-000039c0: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Prev: Invoking g\n-000039d0: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 rub-probe, Up: \n-000039e0: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n-000039f0: 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e38 2049 6e76 6f6b ties..24.8 Invok\n-00003a00: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d ing grub-script-\n-00003a10: 6368 6563 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d check.==========\n+00002320: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 ====..The progra\n+00002330: 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 m ...grub-mount.\n+00002340: 8099 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 7265 .. performs a re\n+00002350: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 ad-only mount of\n+00002360: 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d any file system\n+00002370: 0a6f 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 .or file system \n+00002380: 696d 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 image that GRUB \n+00002390: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 732c 2075 7369 understands, usi\n+000023a0: 6e67 2047 5255 4227 7320 6669 6c65 2073 ng GRUB's file s\n+000023b0: 7973 7465 6d0a 6472 6976 6572 7320 7669 ystem.drivers vi\n+000023c0: 6120 4655 5345 2e20 2849 7420 6973 206f a FUSE. (It is o\n+000023d0: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6966 nly available if\n+000023e0: 2046 5553 4520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e FUSE developmen\n+000023f0: 7420 6669 6c65 7320 7765 7265 0a70 7265 t files were.pre\n+00002400: 7365 6e74 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 sent when GRUB w\n+00002410: 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2e29 2020 5468 6973 as built.) This\n+00002420: 2068 6173 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 has a number of\n+00002430: 2075 7365 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 uses:.. ... I\n+00002440: 7420 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2063 6f6e t provides a con\n+00002450: 7665 6e69 656e 7420 7761 7920 746f 2063 venient way to c\n+00002460: 6865 636b 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 7769 heck how GRUB wi\n+00002470: 6c6c 2076 6965 7720 6120 6669 6c65 0a20 ll view a file. \n+00002480: 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 2061 7420 626f system at bo\n+00002490: 6f74 2074 696d 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 ot time. You ca\n+000024a0: 6e20 7573 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 2063 6f6d n use normal com\n+000024b0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 746f 6f6c 7320 mand-line tools \n+000024c0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6172 6520 to. compare \n+000024d0: 7468 6174 2076 6965 7720 7769 7468 2074 that view with t\n+000024e0: 6861 7420 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 hat of your oper\n+000024f0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6d61 ating system, ma\n+00002500: 6b69 6e67 2069 740a 2020 2020 2065 6173 king it. eas\n+00002510: 7920 746f 2066 696e 6420 6275 6773 2e0a y to find bugs..\n+00002520: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 206f 6666 6572 . ... It offer\n+00002530: 7320 7472 7565 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 s true read-only\n+00002540: 206d 6f75 6e74 732e 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 mounts. Linux \n+00002550: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7468 does not have th\n+00002560: 6573 6520 666f 720a 2020 2020 206a 6f75 ese for. jou\n+00002570: 726e 616c 6c69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 rnalling file sy\n+00002580: 7374 656d 732c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 stems, because i\n+00002590: 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6174 t will always at\n+000025a0: 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2072 6570 6c61 790a tempt to replay.\n+000025b0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206a 6f75 726e 616c the journal\n+000025c0: 2061 7420 6d6f 756e 7420 7469 6d65 3b20 at mount time; \n+000025d0: 7768 696c 6520 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7465 while you can te\n+000025e0: 6d70 6f72 6172 696c 7920 6d61 726b 2074 mporarily mark t\n+000025f0: 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6465 he block. de\n+00002600: 7669 6365 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2074 vice read-only t\n+00002610: 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7468 6973 2c20 7468 o avoid this, th\n+00002620: 6174 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6520 6d6f at causes the mo\n+00002630: 756e 7420 746f 2066 6169 6c2e 0a20 2020 unt to fail.. \n+00002640: 2020 5369 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e74 Since GRUB int\n+00002650: 656e 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7461 entionally conta\n+00002660: 696e 7320 6e6f 2063 6f64 6520 666f 7220 ins no code for \n+00002670: 7772 6974 696e 6720 746f 2066 696c 650a writing to file.\n+00002680: 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6974 systems, it\n+00002690: 2063 616e 2065 6173 696c 7920 7072 6f76 can easily prov\n+000026a0: 6964 6520 6120 6775 6172 616e 7465 6564 ide a guaranteed\n+000026b0: 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 read-only mount\n+000026c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2e . mechanism.\n+000026d0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 616c 6c6f .. ... It allo\n+000026e0: 7773 2079 6f75 2074 6f20 6578 616d 696e ws you to examin\n+000026f0: 6520 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 e any file syste\n+00002700: 6d20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 m that GRUB unde\n+00002710: 7273 7461 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2077 6974 rstands. wit\n+00002720: 686f 7574 206e 6565 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 hout needing to \n+00002730: 6c6f 6164 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 load additional \n+00002740: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 746f 2079 6f75 modules into you\n+00002750: 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 670a 2020 2020 206b r running. k\n+00002760: 6572 6e65 6c2c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 ernel, which may\n+00002770: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f be useful in co\n+00002780: 6e73 7472 6169 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f nstrained enviro\n+00002790: 6e6d 656e 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 0a20 nments such as. \n+000027a0: 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7273 2e0a installers..\n+000027b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5369 6e63 6520 6974 . ... Since it\n+000027c0: 2063 616e 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2066 696c can examine fil\n+000027d0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 7320 e system images \n+000027e0: 2863 6f6e 7461 696e 6564 2069 6e20 7265 (contained in re\n+000027f0: 6775 6c61 720a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 gular. files\n+00002800: 2920 6a75 7374 2061 7320 6561 7369 6c79 ) just as easily\n+00002810: 2061 7320 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 as file systems\n+00002820: 206f 6e20 626c 6f63 6b20 6465 7669 6365 on block device\n+00002830: 732c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a20 s, you can use. \n+00002840: 2020 2020 6974 2074 6f20 696e 7370 6563 it to inspec\n+00002850: 7420 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 t any file syste\n+00002860: 6d20 696d 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 m image that GRU\n+00002870: 4220 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 7769 B understands wi\n+00002880: 7468 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2065 6e6f th only. eno\n+00002890: 7567 6820 7072 6976 696c 6567 6573 2074 ugh privileges t\n+000028a0: 6f20 7573 6520 4655 5345 2c20 6576 656e o use FUSE, even\n+000028b0: 2069 6620 6e6f 626f 6479 2068 6173 2079 if nobody has y\n+000028c0: 6574 2077 7269 7474 656e 2061 0a20 2020 et written a. \n+000028d0: 2020 4655 5345 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7370 FUSE module sp\n+000028e0: 6563 6966 6963 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2074 ecifically for t\n+000028f0: 6861 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 hat file system \n+00002900: 7479 7065 2e0a 0a20 2020 5573 696e 6720 type... Using \n+00002910: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 ...grub-mount...\n+00002920: 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 7320 is normally as \n+00002930: 7369 6d70 6c65 2061 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 simple as:.. \n+00002940: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 grub-mount /dev\n+00002950: 2f73 6461 3120 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 20e2 /sda1 /mnt.. .\n+00002960: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 ..grub-mount... \n+00002970: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6f6e must be given on\n+00002980: 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6573 e or more images\n+00002990: 2061 6e64 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 2070 6f69 and a mount poi\n+000029a0: 6e74 2061 730a 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e nt as.non-option\n+000029b0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6966 2069 arguments (if i\n+000029c0: 7420 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d 6f72 6520 t is given more \n+000029d0: 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 than one image, \n+000029e0: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 6561 740a 7468 it will treat.th\n+000029f0: 656d 2061 7320 6120 5241 4944 2073 6574 em as a RAID set\n+00002a00: 292c 2061 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 6365 ), and also acce\n+00002a10: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n+00002a20: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n+00002a30: 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 -help.... Pr\n+00002a40: 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 int a summary of\n+00002a50: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n+00002a60: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 e options and ex\n+00002a70: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f it......--versio\n+00002a80: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 n.... Print \n+00002a90: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n+00002aa0: 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 er of GRUB and e\n+00002ab0: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 43e2 8099 0ae2 xit......-C.....\n+00002ac0: 8098 2d2d 6372 7970 746f e280 990a 2020 ..--crypto.... \n+00002ad0: 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 2065 6e63 7279 7074 Mount encrypt\n+00002ae0: 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 7072 6f6d ed devices, prom\n+00002af0: 7074 696e 6720 666f 7220 6120 7061 7373 pting for a pass\n+00002b00: 7068 7261 7365 2069 6620 6e65 6365 7373 phrase if necess\n+00002b10: 6172 792e 0a0a e280 982d 6420 5354 5249 ary......-d STRI\n+00002b20: 4e47 e280 990a e280 982d 2d64 6562 7567 NG.......--debug\n+00002b30: 3d53 5452 494e 47e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 =STRING.... \n+00002b40: 5368 6f77 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f Show debugging o\n+00002b50: 7574 7075 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e64 6974 utput for condit\n+00002b60: 696f 6e73 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 5354 ions matching ST\n+00002b70: 5249 4e47 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d4b 2070 726f RING......-K pro\n+00002b80: 6d70 747c 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d mpt|FILE.......-\n+00002b90: 2d7a 6673 2d6b 6579 3d70 726f 6d70 747c -zfs-key=prompt|\n+00002ba0: 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 FILE.... Loa\n+00002bb0: 6420 6120 5a46 5320 656e 6372 7970 7469 d a ZFS encrypti\n+00002bc0: 6f6e 206b 6579 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 on key. If you \n+00002bd0: 7573 6520 e280 9870 726f 6d70 74e2 8099 use ...prompt...\n+00002be0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 as the argument\n+00002bf0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ,. ...grub-m\n+00002c00: 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 ount... will rea\n+00002c10: 6420 6120 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2066 d a passphrase f\n+00002c20: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c rom the terminal\n+00002c30: 3b20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 0a20 2020 ; otherwise,. \n+00002c40: 2020 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 206b it will read k\n+00002c50: 6579 206d 6174 6572 6961 6c20 6672 6f6d ey material from\n+00002c60: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 the specified f\n+00002c70: 696c 652e 0a0a e280 982d 7220 4445 5649 ile......-r DEVI\n+00002c80: 4345 e280 990a e280 982d 2d72 6f6f 743d CE.......--root=\n+00002c90: 4445 5649 4345 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 DEVICE.... S\n+00002ca0: 6574 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 726f 6f74 et the GRUB root\n+00002cb0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2044 4556 4943 device to DEVIC\n+00002cc0: 452e 2020 596f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 206e E. You do not n\n+00002cd0: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f0a ormally need to.\n+00002ce0: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6869 733b 20e2 set this; .\n+00002cf0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 ..grub-mount... \n+00002d00: 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c will automatical\n+00002d10: 6c79 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 ly set the root \n+00002d20: 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 device to. t\n+00002d30: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 he root of the s\n+00002d40: 7570 706c 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 upplied file sys\n+00002d50: 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 4445 tem... If DE\n+00002d60: 5649 4345 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 206e VICE is just a n\n+00002d70: 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2077 umber, then it w\n+00002d80: 696c 6c20 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 ill be treated a\n+00002d90: 7320 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 s a partition. \n+00002da0: 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 7769 7468 696e number within\n+00002db0: 2074 6865 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 696d the supplied im\n+00002dc0: 6167 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 age. This means\n+00002dd0: 2074 6861 742c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 that, if you ha\n+00002de0: 7665 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 ve an. image\n+00002df0: 206f 6620 616e 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6469 of an entire di\n+00002e00: 736b 2069 6e20 e280 9864 6973 6b2e 696d sk in ...disk.im\n+00002e10: 67e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 g..., then you c\n+00002e20: 616e 2075 7365 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 an use this. \n+00002e30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6d6f 756e command to moun\n+00002e40: 7420 6974 7320 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 t its second par\n+00002e50: 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tition:.. \n+00002e60: 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2d72 grub-mount -r\n+00002e70: 2032 2064 6973 6b2e 696d 6720 6d6f 756e 2 disk.img moun\n+00002e80: 742d 706f 696e 740a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 t-point.....-v..\n+00002e90: 990a e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 .....--verbose..\n+00002ea0: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 .. Print ver\n+00002eb0: 626f 7365 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a bose messages...\n+00002ec0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00002ed0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 o, Node: Invoki\n+00002ee0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 ng grub-probe, \n+00002ef0: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Next: Invoking g\n+00002f00: 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b rub-script-check\n+00002f10: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Prev: Invokin\n+00002f20: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 g grub-mount, U\n+00002f30: 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 p: User-space ut\n+00002f40: 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3720 496e ilities..24.7 In\n+00002f50: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 voking grub-prob\n+00002f60: 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e.==============\n+00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00002f80: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d program ...grub-\n+00002f90: 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6265 7320 probe... probes \n+00002fa0: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 device informati\n+00002fb0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 on for a given p\n+00002fc0: 6174 6820 6f72 0a64 6576 6963 652e 0a0a ath or.device...\n+00002fd0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6520 grub-probe \n+00002fe0: 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d66 7320 2f62 6f6f --target=fs /boo\n+00002ff0: 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 t/grub. grub\n+00003000: 2d70 726f 6265 202d 2d74 6172 6765 743d -probe --target=\n+00003010: 6472 6976 6520 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 202f drive --device /\n+00003020: 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 dev/sda1.. ...\n+00003030: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 6d75 grub-probe... mu\n+00003040: 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7061 st be given a pa\n+00003050: 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 th or device as \n+00003060: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 a non-option arg\n+00003070: 756d 656e 742c 0a61 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 ument,.and also \n+00003080: 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c accepts the foll\n+00003090: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a owing options:..\n+000030a0: e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...--help.... \n+000030b0: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 Print a summar\n+000030c0: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 y of the command\n+000030d0: 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e -line options an\n+000030e0: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 d exit......--ve\n+000030f0: 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 rsion.... Pr\n+00003100: 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 int the version \n+00003110: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 number of GRUB a\n+00003120: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 64e2 nd exit......-d.\n+00003130: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 e280 ......--device..\n+00003140: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f .. If this o\n+00003150: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 ption is given, \n+00003160: 7468 656e 2074 6865 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 then the non-opt\n+00003170: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 ion argument is \n+00003180: 6120 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6465 a system. de\n+00003190: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 2873 7563 6820 vice name (such \n+000031a0: 6173 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 31e2 as .../dev/sda1.\n+000031b0: 8099 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ..), and ...grub\n+000031c0: 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 -probe... will p\n+000031d0: 7269 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d rint. inform\n+000031e0: 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6174 ation about that\n+000031f0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 2069 7420 device. If it \n+00003200: 6973 206e 6f74 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 is not given, th\n+00003210: 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d en the. non-\n+00003220: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 option argument \n+00003230: 6973 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 is a filesystem \n+00003240: 7061 7468 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 path (such as ..\n+00003250: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 292c ./boot/grub...),\n+00003260: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 . and ...gru\n+00003270: 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 b-probe... will \n+00003280: 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f print informatio\n+00003290: 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 n about the devi\n+000032a0: 6365 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 670a 2020 ce containing. \n+000032b0: 2020 2074 6861 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 that part of \n+000032c0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e0a the filesystem..\n+000032d0: 0ae2 8098 2d6d 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 ....-m FILE.....\n+000032e0: 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 3d46 ..--device-map=F\n+000032f0: 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 ILE.... Use \n+00003300: 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 6465 7669 FILE as the devi\n+00003310: 6365 206d 6170 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 ce map (*note De\n+00003320: 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 7261 7468 vice map::) rath\n+00003330: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 er than the. \n+00003340: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c default, usuall\n+00003350: 7920 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f y .../boot/grub/\n+00003360: 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 992e 0a0a device.map......\n+00003370: e280 982d 7420 5441 5247 4554 e280 990a ...-t TARGET....\n+00003380: e280 982d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 5441 5247 ...--target=TARG\n+00003390: 4554 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 ET.... Print\n+000033a0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f information abo\n+000033b0: 7574 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 ut the given pat\n+000033c0: 6820 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2064 h or device as d\n+000033d0: 6566 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2054 efined by. T\n+000033e0: 4152 4745 542e 2020 5468 6520 6176 6169 ARGET. The avai\n+000033f0: 6c61 626c 6520 7461 7267 6574 7320 616e lable targets an\n+00003400: 6420 7468 6569 7220 6d65 616e 696e 6773 d their meanings\n+00003410: 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 are:.. ...f\n+00003420: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 s.... G\n+00003430: 5255 4220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d RUB filesystem m\n+00003440: 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 odule.. ...f\n+00003450: 735f 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 s_uuid.... \n+00003460: 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 Filesystem U\n+00003470: 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2055 6e69 7175 niversally Uniqu\n+00003480: 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 5555 e Identifier (UU\n+00003490: 4944 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 735f ID).. ...fs_\n+000034a0: 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 label.... \n+000034b0: 2020 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 Filesystem la\n+000034c0: 6265 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 7269 bel.. ...dri\n+000034d0: 7665 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ve.... \n+000034e0: 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 GRUB device name\n+000034f0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6465 7669 6365 .. ...device\n+00003500: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 .... Sy\n+00003510: 7374 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 stem device name\n+00003520: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7061 7274 6d61 .. ...partma\n+00003530: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 p.... G\n+00003540: 5255 4220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 RUB partition ma\n+00003550: 7020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 p module.. .\n+00003560: 8098 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f 6ee2 8099 ..abstraction...\n+00003570: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 . GRUB \n+00003580: 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f 6e20 6d6f 6475 abstraction modu\n+00003590: 6c65 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 986c 766d le (e.g. ...lvm\n+000035a0: e280 9929 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6372 ...).. ...cr\n+000035b0: 7970 746f 6469 736b 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 yptodisk_uuid...\n+000035c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 7279 7074 . Crypt\n+000035d0: 6f20 6465 7669 6365 2055 5549 442e 0a20 o device UUID.. \n+000035e0: 2020 2020 e280 986d 7364 6f73 5f70 6172 ...msdos_par\n+000035f0: 7474 7970 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ttype.... \n+00003600: 2020 204d 4252 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e MBR partition\n+00003610: 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 2028 7477 6f20 type code (two \n+00003620: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 hexadecimal digi\n+00003630: 7473 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9868 696e ts).. ...hin\n+00003640: 7473 5f73 7472 696e 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 ts_string.... \n+00003650: 2020 2020 2020 2041 2073 7472 696e 6720 A string \n+00003660: 6f66 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7365 6172 of platform sear\n+00003670: 6368 2068 696e 7473 2073 7569 7461 626c ch hints suitabl\n+00003680: 6520 666f 7220 7061 7373 696e 6720 746f e for passing to\n+00003690: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 20e2 the. .\n+000036a0: 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ..search... comm\n+000036b0: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 and (*note searc\n+000036c0: 683a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6269 h::).. ...bi\n+000036d0: 6f73 5f68 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 os_hints.... \n+000036e0: 2020 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e Search hin\n+000036f0: 7473 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 ts for the PC BI\n+00003700: 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 OS platform.. \n+00003710: 2020 e280 9869 6565 6531 3237 355f 6869 ...ieee1275_hi\n+00003720: 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nts.... \n+00003730: 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f Search hints fo\n+00003740: 7220 7468 6520 4945 4545 3132 3735 2070 r the IEEE1275 p\n+00003750: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 latform.. ..\n+00003760: 9862 6172 656d 6574 616c 5f68 696e 7473 .baremetal_hints\n+00003770: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 .... Se\n+00003780: 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2070 arch hints for p\n+00003790: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2064 latforms where d\n+000037a0: 6973 6b73 2061 7265 2061 6464 7265 7373 isks are address\n+000037b0: 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 2020 2020 ed directly. \n+000037c0: 2020 2020 2020 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 rather tha\n+000037d0: 6e20 7669 6120 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a n via firmware..\n+000037e0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6566 695f 6869 6e74 ...efi_hint\n+000037f0: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 s.... S\n+00003800: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 earch hints for \n+00003810: 7468 6520 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d the EFI platform\n+00003820: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6172 635f 6869 .. ...arc_hi\n+00003830: 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nts.... \n+00003840: 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f Search hints fo\n+00003850: 7220 7468 6520 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f r the ARC platfo\n+00003860: 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6d70 rm.. ...comp\n+00003870: 6174 6962 696c 6974 795f 6869 6e74 e280 atibility_hint..\n+00003880: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4120 6775 .. A gu\n+00003890: 6573 7320 6174 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 ess at a reasona\n+000038a0: 626c 6520 4752 5542 2064 7269 7665 206e ble GRUB drive n\n+000038b0: 616d 6520 666f 7220 7468 6973 2064 6576 ame for this dev\n+000038c0: 6963 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 ice, which. \n+000038d0: 2020 2020 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 may be used\n+000038e0: 2061 7320 6120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2069 as a fallback i\n+000038f0: 6620 7468 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 f the ...search.\n+00003900: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 6169 6c73 .. command fails\n+00003910: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b e280 .. ...disk..\n+00003920: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 .. Syst\n+00003930: 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 em device name f\n+00003940: 6f72 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 or the whole dis\n+00003950: 6b2e 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 k......-v.......\n+00003960: 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 --verbose.... \n+00003970: 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 7262 6f73 6520 Print verbose \n+00003980: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c messages.....Fil\n+00003990: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000039a0: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n+000039b0: 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c ub-script-check,\n+000039c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Prev: Invoking\n+000039d0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 grub-probe, Up\n+000039e0: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n+000039f0: 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e38 2049 6e76 lities..24.8 Inv\n+00003a00: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 oking grub-scrip\n+00003a10: 742d 6368 6563 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d t-check.========\n 00003a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n-00003a40: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 am ...grub-scrip\n-00003a50: 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2074 616b 6573 t-check... takes\n-00003a60: 2061 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 a GRUB script f\n-00003a70: 696c 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 0a53 6865 6c6c ile (*note.Shell\n-00003a80: 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a -like scripting:\n-00003a90: 3a29 2061 6e64 2063 6865 636b 7320 6974 :) and checks it\n-00003aa0: 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 726f for syntax erro\n-00003ab0: 7273 2c20 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 0a63 rs, similar to.c\n-00003ac0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 ommands such as \n-00003ad0: e280 9873 6820 2d6e e280 992e 2020 4974 ...sh -n.... It\n-00003ae0: 206d 6179 2074 616b 6520 6120 5041 5448 may take a PATH\n-00003af0: 2061 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e as a non-option\n-00003b00: 2061 7267 756d 656e 743b 0a69 6620 6e6f argument;.if no\n-00003b10: 6e65 2069 7320 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2c20 ne is supplied, \n-00003b20: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2066 726f it will read fro\n-00003b30: 6d20 7374 616e 6461 7264 2069 6e70 7574 m standard input\n-00003b40: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d73 6372 ... grub-scr\n-00003b50: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b20 2f62 6f6f 742f ipt-check /boot/\n-00003b60: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a 0a20 grub/grub.cfg.. \n-00003b70: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 ...grub-script\n-00003b80: 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 -check... accept\n-00003b90: 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 s the following \n-00003ba0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 options:.....--h\n-00003bb0: 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e elp.... Prin\n-00003bc0: 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 t a summary of t\n-00003bd0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 he command-line \n-00003be0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 options and exit\n-00003bf0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 ......--version.\n-00003c00: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 ... Print th\n-00003c10: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 e version number\n-00003c20: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 of GRUB and exi\n-00003c30: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 t......-v.......\n-00003c40: 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 --verbose.... \n-00003c50: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6561 6368 206c 696e Print each lin\n-00003c60: 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2061 6674 6572 e of input after\n-00003c70: 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 742e 0a0a 1f0a reading it.....\n-00003c80: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00003c90: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e Node: Obtainin\n-00003ca0: 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 g and Building G\n-00003cb0: 5255 422c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5265 706f RUB, Next: Repo\n-00003cc0: 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2050 7265 rting bugs, Pre\n-00003cd0: 763a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 v: User-space ut\n-00003ce0: 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ilities, Up: To\n-00003cf0: 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4120 486f p..Appendix A Ho\n-00003d00: 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e 6420 w to obtain and \n-00003d10: 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a build GRUB.*****\n+00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n+00003a40: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 gram ...grub-scr\n+00003a50: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2074 616b ipt-check... tak\n+00003a60: 6573 2061 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 es a GRUB script\n+00003a70: 2066 696c 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 0a53 6865 file (*note.She\n+00003a80: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n+00003a90: 673a 3a29 2061 6e64 2063 6865 636b 7320 g::) and checks \n+00003aa0: 6974 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 it for syntax er\n+00003ab0: 726f 7273 2c20 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f rors, similar to\n+00003ac0: 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 .commands such a\n+00003ad0: 7320 e280 9873 6820 2d6e e280 992e 2020 s ...sh -n.... \n+00003ae0: 4974 206d 6179 2074 616b 6520 6120 5041 It may take a PA\n+00003af0: 5448 2061 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 TH as a non-opti\n+00003b00: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 743b 0a69 6620 on argument;.if \n+00003b10: 6e6f 6e65 2069 7320 7375 7070 6c69 6564 none is supplied\n+00003b20: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2066 , it will read f\n+00003b30: 726f 6d20 7374 616e 6461 7264 2069 6e70 rom standard inp\n+00003b40: 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d73 ut... grub-s\n+00003b50: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b20 2f62 6f6f cript-check /boo\n+00003b60: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a t/grub/grub.cfg.\n+00003b70: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 7269 . ...grub-scri\n+00003b80: 7074 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 6163 6365 pt-check... acce\n+00003b90: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n+00003ba0: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n+00003bb0: 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 -help.... Pr\n+00003bc0: 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 int a summary of\n+00003bd0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n+00003be0: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 e options and ex\n+00003bf0: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f it......--versio\n+00003c00: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 n.... Print \n+00003c10: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n+00003c20: 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 er of GRUB and e\n+00003c30: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 xit......-v.....\n+00003c40: 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 ..--verbose.... \n+00003c50: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6561 6368 206c Print each l\n+00003c60: 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2061 6674 ine of input aft\n+00003c70: 6572 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 742e 0a0a er reading it...\n+00003c80: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00003c90: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e o, Node: Obtain\n+00003ca0: 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 ing and Building\n+00003cb0: 2047 5255 422c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5265 GRUB, Next: Re\n+00003cc0: 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2050 porting bugs, P\n+00003cd0: 7265 763a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 rev: User-space \n+00003ce0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 5570 3a20 utilities, Up: \n+00003cf0: 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4120 Top..Appendix A \n+00003d00: 486f 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e How to obtain an\n+00003d10: 6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2a2a d build GRUB.***\n 00003d20: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 00003d30: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00003d40: 2a2a 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f **.. *Cautio\n-00003d50: 6e3a 2a20 4752 5542 2072 6571 7569 7265 n:* GRUB require\n-00003d60: 7320 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 2d32 2e39 2e31 s binutils-2.9.1\n-00003d70: 2e30 2e32 3320 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2062 .0.23 or later b\n-00003d80: 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ecause the. \n-00003d90: 474e 5520 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 7220 6861 GNU assembler ha\n-00003da0: 7320 6265 656e 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2073 s been changed s\n-00003db0: 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7072 o that it can pr\n-00003dc0: 6f64 7563 6520 7265 616c 2031 3662 6974 oduce real 16bit\n-00003dd0: 730a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2063 s. machine c\n-00003de0: 6f64 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 322e 392e ode between 2.9.\n-00003df0: 3120 616e 6420 322e 392e 312e 302e 782e 1 and 2.9.1.0.x.\n-00003e00: 2020 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c 6874 7470 See. \n-00003e30: 2c20 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 696e 666f , to obtain info\n-00003e40: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2068 6f77 0a20 rmation on how. \n-00003e50: 2020 2020 746f 2067 6574 2074 6865 206c to get the l\n-00003e60: 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 0a0a atest version...\n-00003e70: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 7661 696c GRUB is avail\n-00003e80: 6162 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 474e able from the GN\n-00003e90: 5520 616c 7068 6120 6172 6368 6976 6520 U alpha archive \n-00003ea0: 7369 7465 0a3c 6674 703a 2f2f 6674 702e site. or any of its \n-00003ed0: 6d69 7272 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6520 6669 mirrors. The fi\n-00003ee0: 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a6e 616d 6564 le will be.named\n-00003ef0: 2067 7275 622d 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 7461 grub-version.ta\n-00003f00: 722e 677a 2e20 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 r.gz. The curre\n-00003f10: 6e74 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 322e nt version is 2.\n-00003f20: 3132 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 12, so the file \n-00003f30: 796f 750a 7368 6f75 6c64 2067 7261 6220 you.should grab \n-00003f40: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 is:.. .. To unb\n-00003f80: 756e 646c 6520 4752 5542 2075 7365 2074 undle GRUB use t\n-00003f90: 6865 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 3a0a he instruction:.\n-00003fa0: 0a20 2020 2020 7a63 6174 2067 7275 622d . zcat grub-\n-00003fb0: 322e 3132 2e74 6172 2e67 7a20 7c20 7461 2.12.tar.gz | ta\n-00003fc0: 7220 7876 6620 2d0a 0a20 2020 7768 6963 r xvf -.. whic\n-00003fd0: 6820 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 h will create a \n-00003fe0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6361 6c6c 6564 directory called\n-00003ff0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 32e2 8099 ...grub-2.12...\n-00004000: 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 7468 650a 736f with all the.so\n-00004010: 7572 6365 732e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 urces. You can \n-00004020: 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 6669 6c65 look at the file\n-00004030: 20e2 8098 494e 5354 414c 4ce2 8099 2066 ...INSTALL... f\n-00004040: 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e 7374 or detailed inst\n-00004050: 7275 6374 696f 6e73 0a6f 6e20 686f 7720 ructions.on how \n-00004060: 746f 2062 7569 6c64 2061 6e64 2069 6e73 to build and ins\n-00004070: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 2079 tall GRUB, but y\n-00004080: 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c ou should be abl\n-00004090: 6520 746f 206a 7573 7420 646f 3a0a 0a20 e to just do:.. \n-000040a0: 2020 2020 6364 2067 7275 622d 322e 3132 cd grub-2.12\n-000040b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2e2f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 . ./configur\n-000040c0: 650a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 696e 7374 e. make inst\n-000040d0: 616c 6c0a 0a20 2020 416c 736f 2c20 7468 all.. Also, th\n-000040e0: 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e e latest version\n-000040f0: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7573 is available us\n-00004100: 696e 6720 4769 742e 2020 5365 650a 3c68 ing Git. See. for more.inf\n-00004150: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormation.....Fil\n-00004160: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00004170: 6f64 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 ode: Reporting b\n-00004180: 7567 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4675 7475 ugs, Next: Futu\n-00004190: 7265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 6274 6169 re, Prev: Obtai\n-000041a0: 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e ning and Buildin\n-000041b0: 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 g GRUB, Up: Top\n-000041c0: 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2042 2052 6570 ..Appendix B Rep\n-000041d0: 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 730a 2a2a 2a2a orting bugs.****\n+00003d40: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4361 7574 ****.. *Caut\n+00003d50: 696f 6e3a 2a20 4752 5542 2072 6571 7569 ion:* GRUB requi\n+00003d60: 7265 7320 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 2d32 2e39 res binutils-2.9\n+00003d70: 2e31 2e30 2e32 3320 6f72 206c 6174 6572 .1.0.23 or later\n+00003d80: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 because the. \n+00003d90: 2020 474e 5520 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 7220 GNU assembler \n+00003da0: 6861 7320 6265 656e 2063 6861 6e67 6564 has been changed\n+00003db0: 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 so that it can \n+00003dc0: 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7265 616c 2031 3662 produce real 16b\n+00003dd0: 6974 730a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 its. machine\n+00003de0: 2063 6f64 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 322e code between 2.\n+00003df0: 392e 3120 616e 6420 322e 392e 312e 302e 9.1 and 2.9.1.0.\n+00003e00: 782e 2020 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c 6874 x. See. , to obtain in\n+00003e40: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2068 6f77 formation on how\n+00003e50: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2067 6574 2074 6865 . to get the\n+00003e60: 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e2e latest version.\n+00003e70: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 7661 .. GRUB is ava\n+00003e80: 696c 6162 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 ilable from the \n+00003e90: 474e 5520 616c 7068 6120 6172 6368 6976 GNU alpha archiv\n+00003ea0: 6520 7369 7465 0a3c 6674 703a 2f2f 6674 e site. or any of it\n+00003ed0: 7320 6d69 7272 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6520 s mirrors. The \n+00003ee0: 6669 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a6e 616d file will be.nam\n+00003ef0: 6564 2067 7275 622d 7665 7273 696f 6e2e ed grub-version.\n+00003f00: 7461 722e 677a 2e20 2054 6865 2063 7572 tar.gz. The cur\n+00003f10: 7265 6e74 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 rent version is \n+00003f20: 322e 3132 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 696c 2.12, so the fil\n+00003f30: 6520 796f 750a 7368 6f75 6c64 2067 7261 e you.should gra\n+00003f40: 6220 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 3c66 7470 3a2f b is:.. .. To u\n+00003f80: 6e62 756e 646c 6520 4752 5542 2075 7365 nbundle GRUB use\n+00003f90: 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e the instruction\n+00003fa0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7a63 6174 2067 7275 :.. zcat gru\n+00003fb0: 622d 322e 3132 2e74 6172 2e67 7a20 7c20 b-2.12.tar.gz | \n+00003fc0: 7461 7220 7876 6620 2d0a 0a20 2020 7768 tar xvf -.. wh\n+00003fd0: 6963 6820 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 6520 ich will create \n+00003fe0: 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6361 6c6c a directory call\n+00003ff0: 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 32e2 ed ...grub-2.12.\n+00004000: 8099 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 7468 650a .. with all the.\n+00004010: 736f 7572 6365 732e 2020 596f 7520 6361 sources. You ca\n+00004020: 6e20 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 6669 n look at the fi\n+00004030: 6c65 20e2 8098 494e 5354 414c 4ce2 8099 le ...INSTALL...\n+00004040: 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e for detailed in\n+00004050: 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 0a6f 6e20 686f structions.on ho\n+00004060: 7720 746f 2062 7569 6c64 2061 6e64 2069 w to build and i\n+00004070: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 nstall GRUB, but\n+00004080: 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 you should be a\n+00004090: 626c 6520 746f 206a 7573 7420 646f 3a0a ble to just do:.\n+000040a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6364 2067 7275 622d 322e . cd grub-2.\n+000040b0: 3132 0a20 2020 2020 2e2f 636f 6e66 6967 12. ./config\n+000040c0: 7572 650a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 696e ure. make in\n+000040d0: 7374 616c 6c0a 0a20 2020 416c 736f 2c20 stall.. Also, \n+000040e0: 7468 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 the latest versi\n+000040f0: 6f6e 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 on is available \n+00004100: 7573 696e 6720 4769 742e 2020 5365 650a using Git. See.\n+00004110: 3c68 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e 752e for more.i\n+00004150: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n+00004160: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00004170: 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 Node: Reporting\n+00004180: 2062 7567 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4675 bugs, Next: Fu\n+00004190: 7475 7265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 6274 ture, Prev: Obt\n+000041a0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n+000041b0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ing GRUB, Up: T\n+000041c0: 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2042 2052 op..Appendix B R\n+000041d0: 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 730a 2a2a eporting bugs.**\n 000041e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 7365 2061 7265 *****..These are\n-00004200: 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 2066 the guideline f\n-00004210: 6f72 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 706f 7274 or how to report\n-00004220: 2062 7567 732e 2020 5461 6b65 2061 206c bugs. Take a l\n-00004230: 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6869 730a 6c69 7374 ook at this.list\n-00004240: 2062 656c 6f77 2062 6566 6f72 6520 796f below before yo\n-00004250: 7520 7375 626d 6974 2062 7567 733a 0a0a u submit bugs:..\n-00004260: 2020 312e 2042 6566 6f72 6520 6765 7474 1. Before gett\n-00004270: 696e 6720 756e 7365 7474 6c65 642c 2072 ing unsettled, r\n-00004280: 6561 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 ead this manual \n-00004290: 7468 726f 7567 6820 616e 6420 7468 726f through and thro\n-000042a0: 7567 682e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 ugh.. Also, \n-000042b0: 7365 6520 7468 6520 474e 5520 4752 5542 see the GNU GRUB\n-000042c0: 2046 4151 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 703a FAQ. (http:\n-000042d0: 2f2f 7777 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 736f //www.gnu.org/so\n-000042e0: 6674 7761 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 ftware/grub/grub\n-000042f0: 2d66 6171 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2032 -faq.html)... 2\n-00004300: 2e20 416c 7761 7973 206d 656e 7469 6f6e . Always mention\n-00004310: 2074 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e the information\n-00004320: 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2047 5255 422e 2054 on your GRUB. T\n-00004330: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n-00004340: 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 r and. the c\n-00004350: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 7265 onfiguration are\n-00004360: 2071 7569 7465 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 quite important\n-00004370: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6275 696c 6420 . If you build \n-00004380: 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662c 0a20 2020 it yourself,. \n-00004390: 2020 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 6f70 7469 write the opti\n-000043a0: 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f ons specified to\n-000043b0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2073 the configure s\n-000043c0: 6372 6970 7420 616e 6420 796f 7572 0a20 cript and your. \n-000043d0: 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 operating sy\n-000043e0: 7374 656d 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 stem, including \n-000043f0: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e73 206f 6620 the versions of \n-00004400: 6763 6320 616e 6420 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 gcc and binutils\n-00004410: 2e0a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2068 ... 3. If you h\n-00004420: 6176 6520 7472 6f75 626c 6520 7769 7468 ave trouble with\n-00004430: 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f the installatio\n-00004440: 6e2c 2069 6e66 6f72 6d20 7573 206f 6620 n, inform us of \n-00004450: 686f 7720 796f 750a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 how you. ins\n-00004460: 7461 6c6c 6564 2047 5255 422e 2044 6f6e talled GRUB. Don\n-00004470: 2774 206f 6d69 7420 6572 726f 7220 6d65 't omit error me\n-00004480: 7373 6167 6573 2c20 6966 2061 6e79 2e20 ssages, if any. \n-00004490: 204a 7573 7420 e280 9847 5255 420a 2020 Just ...GRUB. \n-000044a0: 2020 2068 616e 6773 2075 7020 7768 656e hangs up when\n-000044b0: 2069 7420 626f 6f74 73e2 8099 2069 7320 it boots... is \n-000044c0: 6e6f 7420 656e 6f75 6768 2e0a 0a20 2020 not enough... \n-000044d0: 2020 5468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f The informatio\n-000044e0: 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 7761 n on your hardwa\n-000044f0: 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 2065 7373 656e re is also essen\n-00004500: 7469 616c 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2061 7265 tial. These are\n-00004510: 0a20 2020 2020 6573 7065 6369 616c 6c79 . especially\n-00004520: 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 3a20 7468 6520 important: the \n-00004530: 6765 6f6d 6574 7269 6573 2061 6e64 2074 geometries and t\n-00004540: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 he partition tab\n-00004550: 6c65 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7572 les of. your\n-00004560: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 hard disk drive\n-00004570: 7320 616e 6420 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e s and your BIOS.\n-00004580: 0a0a 2020 342e 2049 6620 4752 5542 2063 .. 4. If GRUB c\n-00004590: 616e 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 7220 annot boot your \n-000045a0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-000045b0: 2c20 7772 6974 6520 646f 776e 205f 6576 , write down _ev\n-000045c0: 6572 7974 6869 6e67 5f0a 2020 2020 2079 erything_. y\n-000045d0: 6f75 2073 6565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7363 ou see on the sc\n-000045e0: 7265 656e 2e20 2044 6f6e 2774 2070 6172 reen. Don't par\n-000045f0: 6170 6872 6173 6520 7468 656d 2c20 6c69 aphrase them, li\n-00004600: 6b65 20e2 8098 5468 6520 666f 6f20 4f53 ke ...The foo OS\n-00004610: 0a20 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 7769 . crashes wi\n-00004620: 7468 2047 5255 422c 2065 7665 6e20 7468 th GRUB, even th\n-00004630: 6f75 6768 2069 7420 6361 6e20 626f 6f74 ough it can boot\n-00004640: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 7220 626f with the bar bo\n-00004650: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 2020 2020 206a ot loader. j\n-00004660: 7573 7420 6669 6e65 e280 992e 2020 4d65 ust fine.... Me\n-00004670: 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ntion the comman\n-00004680: 6473 2079 6f75 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c ds you executed,\n-00004690: 2074 6865 206d 6573 7361 6765 730a 2020 the messages. \n-000046a0: 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 printed by th\n-000046b0: 656d 2c20 616e 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 em, and informat\n-000046c0: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 ion on your oper\n-000046d0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e63 ating system inc\n-000046e0: 6c75 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 luding. the \n-000046f0: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2e0a version number..\n-00004700: 0a20 2035 2e20 4578 706c 6169 6e20 7768 . 5. Explain wh\n-00004710: 6174 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7465 6420 746f at you wanted to\n-00004720: 2064 6f2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7665 7279 do. It is very\n-00004730: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 useful to know \n-00004740: 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7075 7270 6f73 your. purpos\n-00004750: 6520 616e 6420 796f 7572 2077 6973 682c e and your wish,\n-00004760: 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 6469 and how GRUB di\n-00004770: 646e 2774 2073 6174 6973 6679 2079 6f75 dn't satisfy you\n-00004780: 2e0a 0a20 2036 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2063 ... 6. If you c\n-00004790: 616e 2069 6e76 6573 7469 6761 7465 2074 an investigate t\n-000047a0: 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 6f75 7273 he problem yours\n-000047b0: 656c 662c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 646f 2e20 elf, please do. \n-000047c0: 2054 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 That will. \n-000047d0: 6769 7665 2079 6f75 2061 6e64 2075 7320 give you and us \n-000047e0: 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d much more inform\n-000047f0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 726f ation on the pro\n-00004800: 626c 656d 2e20 2041 7474 6163 6869 6e67 blem. Attaching\n-00004810: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 6820 6973 a. patch is\n-00004820: 2065 7665 6e20 6265 7474 6572 2e0a 0a20 even better... \n-00004830: 2020 2020 5768 656e 2079 6f75 2061 7474 When you att\n-00004840: 6163 6820 6120 7061 7463 682c 206d 616b ach a patch, mak\n-00004850: 6520 7468 6520 7061 7463 6820 696e 2075 e the patch in u\n-00004860: 6e69 6669 6564 2064 6966 6620 666f 726d nified diff form\n-00004870: 6174 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2077 7269 at, and. wri\n-00004880: 7465 2043 6861 6e67 654c 6f67 2065 6e74 te ChangeLog ent\n-00004890: 7269 6573 2e20 2042 7574 2c20 6576 656e ries. But, even\n-000048a0: 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6d61 6b65 2061 when you make a\n-000048b0: 2070 6174 6368 2c20 646f 6e27 740a 2020 patch, don't. \n-000048c0: 2020 2066 6f72 6765 7420 746f 2065 7870 forget to exp\n-000048d0: 6c61 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d lain the problem\n-000048e0: 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 616e , so that we can\n-000048f0: 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7768 6174 understand what\n-00004900: 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 your. patch\n-00004910: 2069 7320 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 372e 2057 is for... 7. W\n-00004920: 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 616e 7974 6869 rite down anythi\n-00004930: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 7468 696e ng that you thin\n-00004940: 6b20 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2072 656c 6174 k might be relat\n-00004950: 6564 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 650a 2020 2020 ed. Please. \n-00004960: 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7468 6174 understand that\n-00004970: 2077 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6e65 6564 2074 we often need t\n-00004980: 6f20 7265 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7468 6520 o reproduce the \n-00004990: 7361 6d65 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 6f75 same problem you\n-000049a0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636f 756e 7465 7265 . encountere\n-000049b0: 6420 696e 206f 7572 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e d in our environ\n-000049c0: 6d65 6e74 2e20 2053 6f20 796f 7572 2069 ment. So your i\n-000049d0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c nformation shoul\n-000049e0: 6420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 6963 d be. suffic\n-000049f0: 6965 6e74 2066 6f72 2075 7320 746f 2064 ient for us to d\n-00004a00: 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2074 6869 6e67 o the same thing\n-00004a10: 2d2d 446f 6e27 7420 666f 7267 6574 2074 --Don't forget t\n-00004a20: 6861 7420 7765 2063 616e 6e6f 740a 2020 hat we cannot. \n-00004a30: 2020 2073 6565 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 see your comp\n-00004a40: 7574 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e 2020 uter directly. \n-00004a50: 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 If you are not s\n-00004a60: 7572 6520 7768 6574 6865 7220 746f 2073 ure whether to s\n-00004a70: 7461 7465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6374 tate a. fact\n-00004a80: 206f 7220 6c65 6176 6520 6974 206f 7574 or leave it out\n-00004a90: 2c20 7374 6174 6520 6974 2120 2052 6570 , state it! Rep\n-00004aa0: 6f72 7469 6e67 2074 6f6f 206d 616e 7920 orting too many \n-00004ab0: 7468 696e 6773 2069 7320 6d75 6368 0a20 things is much. \n-00004ac0: 2020 2020 6265 7474 6572 2074 6861 6e20 better than \n-00004ad0: 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 omitting somethi\n-00004ae0: 6e67 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2e0a 0a20 ng important... \n-00004af0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 If you follow \n-00004b00: 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 6162 the guideline ab\n-00004b10: 6f76 652c 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 7265 ove, submit a re\n-00004b20: 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4275 670a port to the Bug.\n-00004b30: 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d20 Tracking System \n-00004b40: 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7361 7661 6e6e 6168 (http://savannah\n-00004b50: 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f62 7567 732f 3f67 .gnu.org/bugs/?g\n-00004b60: 726f 7570 3d67 7275 6229 2e0a 416c 7465 roup=grub)..Alte\n-00004b70: 726e 6174 6976 656c 792c 2079 6f75 2063 rnatively, you c\n-00004b80: 616e 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 7265 706f an submit a repo\n-00004b90: 7274 2076 6961 2065 6c65 6374 726f 6e69 rt via electroni\n-00004ba0: 6320 6d61 696c 2074 6f0a 3c62 7567 2d67 c mail to., bu\n-00004bc0: 7420 7765 2073 7472 6f6e 676c 7920 7265 t we strongly re\n-00004bd0: 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 commend that you\n-00004be0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2042 7567 0a54 7261 use the Bug.Tra\n-00004bf0: 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d 2c20 6265 cking System, be\n-00004c00: 6361 7573 6520 652d 6d61 696c 2063 616e cause e-mail can\n-00004c10: 2062 6520 7061 7373 6564 206f 7665 7220 be passed over \n-00004c20: 6561 7369 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 6365 easily... Once\n-00004c30: 2077 6520 6765 7420 796f 7572 2072 6570 we get your rep\n-00004c40: 6f72 742c 2077 6520 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 ort, we will try\n-00004c50: 2074 6f20 6669 7820 7468 6520 6275 6773 to fix the bugs\n-00004c60: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00004c70: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 7574 info, Node: Fut\n-00004c80: 7572 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 7079 ure, Next: Copy\n-00004c90: 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c2c ing This Manual,\n-00004ca0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e Prev: Reportin\n-00004cb0: 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 g bugs, Up: Top\n-00004cc0: 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2043 2057 6865 ..Appendix C Whe\n-00004cd0: 7265 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 6f0a re GRUB will go.\n-00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 *************..G\n-00004d00: 5255 4220 3220 6973 206e 6f77 2071 7569 RUB 2 is now qui\n-00004d10: 7465 2073 7461 626c 6520 616e 6420 7573 te stable and us\n-00004d20: 6564 2069 6e20 6d61 6e79 2070 726f 6475 ed in many produ\n-00004d30: 6374 696f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 ction systems. \n-00004d40: 5765 2061 7265 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 We are.currently\n-00004d50: 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 2074 6f77 6172 6473 working towards\n-00004d60: 2061 2032 2e30 2072 656c 6561 7365 2e0a a 2.0 release..\n-00004d70: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2069 . If you are i\n-00004d80: 6e74 6572 6573 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 nterested in the\n-00004d90: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 development of \n-00004da0: 4752 5542 2032 2c20 7461 6b65 2061 206c GRUB 2, take a l\n-00004db0: 6f6f 6b20 6174 0a74 6865 2068 6f6d 6570 ook at.the homep\n-00004dc0: 6167 6520 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e age (http://www.\n-00004dd0: 676e 752e 6f72 672f 736f 6674 7761 7265 gnu.org/software\n-00004de0: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e68 746d 6c29 /grub/grub.html)\n-00004df0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00004e00: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f70 info, Node: Cop\n-00004e10: 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c ying This Manual\n-00004e20: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e64 6578 2c20 , Next: Index, \n-00004e30: 2050 7265 763a 2046 7574 7572 652c 2020 Prev: Future, \n-00004e40: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 Up: Top..Appendi\n-00004e50: 7820 4420 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 x D Copying This\n-00004e60: 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Manual.********\n+000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 7365 2061 *******..These a\n+00004200: 7265 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 re the guideline\n+00004210: 2066 6f72 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 706f for how to repo\n+00004220: 7274 2062 7567 732e 2020 5461 6b65 2061 rt bugs. Take a\n+00004230: 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6869 730a 6c69 look at this.li\n+00004240: 7374 2062 656c 6f77 2062 6566 6f72 6520 st below before \n+00004250: 796f 7520 7375 626d 6974 2062 7567 733a you submit bugs:\n+00004260: 0a0a 2020 312e 2042 6566 6f72 6520 6765 .. 1. Before ge\n+00004270: 7474 696e 6720 756e 7365 7474 6c65 642c tting unsettled,\n+00004280: 2072 6561 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 read this manua\n+00004290: 6c20 7468 726f 7567 6820 616e 6420 7468 l through and th\n+000042a0: 726f 7567 682e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f rough.. Also\n+000042b0: 2c20 7365 6520 7468 6520 474e 5520 4752 , see the GNU GR\n+000042c0: 5542 2046 4151 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 UB FAQ. (htt\n+000042d0: 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f p://www.gnu.org/\n+000042e0: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 software/grub/gr\n+000042f0: 7562 2d66 6171 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a20 ub-faq.html)... \n+00004300: 2032 2e20 416c 7761 7973 206d 656e 7469 2. Always menti\n+00004310: 6f6e 2074 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 on the informati\n+00004320: 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2047 5255 422e on on your GRUB.\n+00004330: 2054 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d The version num\n+00004340: 6265 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 6865 ber and. the\n+00004350: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 configuration a\n+00004360: 7265 2071 7569 7465 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 re quite importa\n+00004370: 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6275 696c nt. If you buil\n+00004380: 6420 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662c 0a20 d it yourself,. \n+00004390: 2020 2020 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 6f70 write the op\n+000043a0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 tions specified \n+000043b0: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 to the configure\n+000043c0: 2073 6372 6970 7420 616e 6420 796f 7572 script and your\n+000043d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 . operating \n+000043e0: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e system, includin\n+000043f0: 6720 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e73 206f g the versions o\n+00004400: 6620 6763 6320 616e 6420 6269 6e75 7469 f gcc and binuti\n+00004410: 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 ls... 3. If you\n+00004420: 2068 6176 6520 7472 6f75 626c 6520 7769 have trouble wi\n+00004430: 7468 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 th the installat\n+00004440: 696f 6e2c 2069 6e66 6f72 6d20 7573 206f ion, inform us o\n+00004450: 6620 686f 7720 796f 750a 2020 2020 2069 f how you. i\n+00004460: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2047 5255 422e 2044 nstalled GRUB. D\n+00004470: 6f6e 2774 206f 6d69 7420 6572 726f 7220 on't omit error \n+00004480: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 6966 2061 6e79 messages, if any\n+00004490: 2e20 204a 7573 7420 e280 9847 5255 420a . Just ...GRUB.\n+000044a0: 2020 2020 2068 616e 6773 2075 7020 7768 hangs up wh\n+000044b0: 656e 2069 7420 626f 6f74 73e2 8099 2069 en it boots... i\n+000044c0: 7320 6e6f 7420 656e 6f75 6768 2e0a 0a20 s not enough... \n+000044d0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 The informat\n+000044e0: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 ion on your hard\n+000044f0: 7761 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 2065 7373 ware is also ess\n+00004500: 656e 7469 616c 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2061 ential. These a\n+00004510: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6573 7065 6369 616c re. especial\n+00004520: 6c79 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 3a20 7468 ly important: th\n+00004530: 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7269 6573 2061 6e64 e geometries and\n+00004540: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 the partition t\n+00004550: 6162 6c65 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 796f ables of. yo\n+00004560: 7572 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 ur hard disk dri\n+00004570: 7665 7320 616e 6420 796f 7572 2042 494f ves and your BIO\n+00004580: 532e 0a0a 2020 342e 2049 6620 4752 5542 S... 4. If GRUB\n+00004590: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 cannot boot you\n+000045a0: 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 r operating syst\n+000045b0: 656d 2c20 7772 6974 6520 646f 776e 205f em, write down _\n+000045c0: 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 5f0a 2020 2020 everything_. \n+000045d0: 2079 6f75 2073 6565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 you see on the \n+000045e0: 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2044 6f6e 2774 2070 screen. Don't p\n+000045f0: 6172 6170 6872 6173 6520 7468 656d 2c20 araphrase them, \n+00004600: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 5468 6520 666f 6f20 like ...The foo \n+00004610: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 OS. crashes \n+00004620: 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2065 7665 6e20 with GRUB, even \n+00004630: 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 6361 6e20 626f though it can bo\n+00004640: 6f74 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 7220 ot with the bar \n+00004650: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 2020 2020 boot loader. \n+00004660: 206a 7573 7420 6669 6e65 e280 992e 2020 just fine.... \n+00004670: 4d65 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d Mention the comm\n+00004680: 616e 6473 2079 6f75 2065 7865 6375 7465 ands you execute\n+00004690: 642c 2074 6865 206d 6573 7361 6765 730a d, the messages.\n+000046a0: 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7920 printed by \n+000046b0: 7468 656d 2c20 616e 6420 696e 666f 726d them, and inform\n+000046c0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 ation on your op\n+000046d0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2069 erating system i\n+000046e0: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ncluding. th\n+000046f0: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 e version number\n+00004700: 2e0a 0a20 2035 2e20 4578 706c 6169 6e20 ... 5. Explain \n+00004710: 7768 6174 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7465 6420 what you wanted \n+00004720: 746f 2064 6f2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7665 to do. It is ve\n+00004730: 7279 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 206b 6e6f ry useful to kno\n+00004740: 7720 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7075 7270 w your. purp\n+00004750: 6f73 6520 616e 6420 796f 7572 2077 6973 ose and your wis\n+00004760: 682c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 h, and how GRUB \n+00004770: 6469 646e 2774 2073 6174 6973 6679 2079 didn't satisfy y\n+00004780: 6f75 2e0a 0a20 2036 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 ou... 6. If you\n+00004790: 2063 616e 2069 6e76 6573 7469 6761 7465 can investigate\n+000047a0: 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 6f75 the problem you\n+000047b0: 7273 656c 662c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 646f rself, please do\n+000047c0: 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 . That will. \n+000047d0: 2020 6769 7665 2079 6f75 2061 6e64 2075 give you and u\n+000047e0: 7320 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f s much more info\n+000047f0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 rmation on the p\n+00004800: 726f 626c 656d 2e20 2041 7474 6163 6869 roblem. Attachi\n+00004810: 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 6820 ng a. patch \n+00004820: 6973 2065 7665 6e20 6265 7474 6572 2e0a is even better..\n+00004830: 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2079 6f75 2061 . When you a\n+00004840: 7474 6163 6820 6120 7061 7463 682c 206d ttach a patch, m\n+00004850: 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7463 6820 696e ake the patch in\n+00004860: 2075 6e69 6669 6564 2064 6966 6620 666f unified diff fo\n+00004870: 726d 6174 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2077 rmat, and. w\n+00004880: 7269 7465 2043 6861 6e67 654c 6f67 2065 rite ChangeLog e\n+00004890: 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2042 7574 2c20 6576 ntries. But, ev\n+000048a0: 656e 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6d61 6b65 en when you make\n+000048b0: 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 646f 6e27 740a a patch, don't.\n+000048c0: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6765 7420 746f 2065 forget to e\n+000048d0: 7870 6c61 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c xplain the probl\n+000048e0: 656d 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 em, so that we c\n+000048f0: 616e 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7768 an understand wh\n+00004900: 6174 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 6174 at your. pat\n+00004910: 6368 2069 7320 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 372e ch is for... 7.\n+00004920: 2057 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 616e 7974 Write down anyt\n+00004930: 6869 6e67 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 7468 hing that you th\n+00004940: 696e 6b20 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2072 656c ink might be rel\n+00004950: 6174 6564 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 650a 2020 ated. Please. \n+00004960: 2020 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7468 understand th\n+00004970: 6174 2077 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6e65 6564 at we often need\n+00004980: 2074 6f20 7265 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7468 to reproduce th\n+00004990: 6520 7361 6d65 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 e same problem y\n+000049a0: 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636f 756e 7465 ou. encounte\n+000049b0: 7265 6420 696e 206f 7572 2065 6e76 6972 red in our envir\n+000049c0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 2053 6f20 796f 7572 onment. So your\n+000049d0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2073 686f information sho\n+000049e0: 756c 6420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 uld be. suff\n+000049f0: 6963 6965 6e74 2066 6f72 2075 7320 746f icient for us to\n+00004a00: 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2074 6869 do the same thi\n+00004a10: 6e67 2d2d 446f 6e27 7420 666f 7267 6574 ng--Don't forget\n+00004a20: 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 616e 6e6f 740a that we cannot.\n+00004a30: 2020 2020 2073 6565 2079 6f75 7220 636f see your co\n+00004a40: 6d70 7574 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e mputer directly.\n+00004a50: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e 6f74 If you are not\n+00004a60: 2073 7572 6520 7768 6574 6865 7220 746f sure whether to\n+00004a70: 2073 7461 7465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6661 state a. fa\n+00004a80: 6374 206f 7220 6c65 6176 6520 6974 206f ct or leave it o\n+00004a90: 7574 2c20 7374 6174 6520 6974 2120 2052 ut, state it! R\n+00004aa0: 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2074 6f6f 206d 616e eporting too man\n+00004ab0: 7920 7468 696e 6773 2069 7320 6d75 6368 y things is much\n+00004ac0: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 7474 6572 2074 6861 . better tha\n+00004ad0: 6e20 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6574 n omitting somet\n+00004ae0: 6869 6e67 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2e0a hing important..\n+00004af0: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2066 6f6c 6c6f . If you follo\n+00004b00: 7720 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 w the guideline \n+00004b10: 6162 6f76 652c 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 above, submit a \n+00004b20: 7265 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4275 report to the Bu\n+00004b30: 670a 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 g.Tracking Syste\n+00004b40: 6d20 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7361 7661 6e6e m (http://savann\n+00004b50: 6168 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f62 7567 732f ah.gnu.org/bugs/\n+00004b60: 3f67 726f 7570 3d67 7275 6229 2e0a 416c ?group=grub)..Al\n+00004b70: 7465 726e 6174 6976 656c 792c 2079 6f75 ternatively, you\n+00004b80: 2063 616e 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 7265 can submit a re\n+00004b90: 706f 7274 2076 6961 2065 6c65 6374 726f port via electro\n+00004ba0: 6e69 6320 6d61 696c 2074 6f0a 3c62 7567 nic mail to., \n+00004bc0: 6275 7420 7765 2073 7472 6f6e 676c 7920 but we strongly \n+00004bd0: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 recommend that y\n+00004be0: 6f75 2075 7365 2074 6865 2042 7567 0a54 ou use the Bug.T\n+00004bf0: 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d 2c20 racking System, \n+00004c00: 6265 6361 7573 6520 652d 6d61 696c 2063 because e-mail c\n+00004c10: 616e 2062 6520 7061 7373 6564 206f 7665 an be passed ove\n+00004c20: 7220 6561 7369 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e r easily... On\n+00004c30: 6365 2077 6520 6765 7420 796f 7572 2072 ce we get your r\n+00004c40: 6570 6f72 742c 2077 6520 7769 6c6c 2074 eport, we will t\n+00004c50: 7279 2074 6f20 6669 7820 7468 6520 6275 ry to fix the bu\n+00004c60: 6773 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 gs.....File: gru\n+00004c70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 b.info, Node: F\n+00004c80: 7574 7572 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f uture, Next: Co\n+00004c90: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n+00004ca0: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5265 706f 7274 l, Prev: Report\n+00004cb0: 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ing bugs, Up: T\n+00004cc0: 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2043 2057 op..Appendix C W\n+00004cd0: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 here GRUB will g\n+00004ce0: 6f0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a o.**************\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+00004d00: 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 206e 6f77 2071 .GRUB 2 is now q\n+00004d10: 7569 7465 2073 7461 626c 6520 616e 6420 uite stable and \n+00004d20: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 6d61 6e79 2070 726f used in many pro\n+00004d30: 6475 6374 696f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 732e duction systems.\n+00004d40: 2020 5765 2061 7265 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 We are.current\n+00004d50: 6c79 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 2074 6f77 6172 ly working towar\n+00004d60: 6473 2061 2032 2e30 2072 656c 6561 7365 ds a 2.0 release\n+00004d70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 ... If you are\n+00004d80: 2069 6e74 6572 6573 7465 6420 696e 2074 interested in t\n+00004d90: 6865 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 206f he development o\n+00004da0: 6620 4752 5542 2032 2c20 7461 6b65 2061 f GRUB 2, take a\n+00004db0: 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 0a74 6865 2068 6f6d look at.the hom\n+00004dc0: 6570 6167 6520 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 epage (http://ww\n+00004dd0: 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 736f 6674 7761 w.gnu.org/softwa\n+00004de0: 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e68 746d re/grub/grub.htm\n+00004df0: 6c29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 l).....File: gru\n+00004e00: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 b.info, Node: C\n+00004e10: 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 opying This Manu\n+00004e20: 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e64 6578 al, Next: Index\n+00004e30: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 7574 7572 652c , Prev: Future,\n+00004e40: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e Up: Top..Appen\n+00004e50: 6469 7820 4420 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 dix D Copying Th\n+00004e60: 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a is Manual.******\n 00004e70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ******..* Menu:.\n-00004e90: 0a2a 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 .* GNU Free Docu\n-00004ea0: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n-00004eb0: 653a 3a20 204c 6963 656e 7365 2066 6f72 e:: License for\n-00004ec0: 2063 6f70 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6d61 copying this ma\n-00004ed0: 6e75 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 nual.....File: g\n-00004ee0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00004ef0: 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 GNU Free Docume\n-00004f00: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 652c ntation License,\n-00004f10: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 Up: Copying Th\n-00004f20: 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 0a44 2e31 2047 is Manual..D.1 G\n-00004f30: 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 NU Free Document\n-00004f40: 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 650a 3d3d ation License.==\n+00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 ********..* Menu\n+00004e90: 3a0a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f :..* GNU Free Do\n+00004ea0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 cumentation Lice\n+00004eb0: 6e73 653a 3a20 204c 6963 656e 7365 2066 nse:: License f\n+00004ec0: 6f72 2063 6f70 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7320 or copying this \n+00004ed0: 6d61 6e75 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a manual.....File:\n+00004ee0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00004ef0: 653a 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 e: GNU Free Docu\n+00004f00: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n+00004f10: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 e, Up: Copying \n+00004f20: 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 0a44 2e31 This Manual..D.1\n+00004f30: 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 GNU Free Docume\n+00004f40: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 650a ntation License.\n 00004f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00004f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004f70: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n-00004f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 Version \n-00004f90: 312e 322c 204e 6f76 656d 6265 7220 3230 1.2, November 20\n-00004fa0: 3032 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 02.. 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Everyone\n-00005030: 2069 7320 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 746f is permitted to\n-00005040: 2063 6f70 7920 616e 6420 6469 7374 7269 copy and distri\n-00005050: 6275 7465 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 636f bute verbatim co\n-00005060: 7069 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6869 pies. of thi\n-00005070: 7320 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 646f 6375 6d65 s license docume\n-00005080: 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6368 616e 6769 6e67 nt, but changing\n-00005090: 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 it is not allow\n-000050a0: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2030 2e20 5052 4541 4d42 ed... 0. PREAMB\n-000050b0: 4c45 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 7572 LE.. 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T\n-000052a0: 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 2061 his License is a\n-000052b0: 206b 696e 6420 6f66 2022 636f 7079 6c65 kind of \"copyle\n-000052c0: 6674 222c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6561 6e73 ft\", which means\n-000052d0: 2074 6861 7420 6465 7269 7661 7469 7665 that derivative\n-000052e0: 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 6f66 2074 . works of t\n-000052f0: 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d75 7374 he document must\n-00005300: 2074 6865 6d73 656c 7665 7320 6265 2066 themselves be f\n-00005310: 7265 6520 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 ree in the same \n-00005320: 7365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2063 sense.. 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We\n-000053a0: 2068 6176 6520 6465 7369 676e 6564 2074 have designed t\n-000053b0: 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 696e 206f his License in o\n-000053c0: 7264 6572 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6974 2066 rder to use it f\n-000053d0: 6f72 206d 616e 7561 6c73 2066 6f72 0a20 or manuals for. \n-000053e0: 2020 2020 6672 6565 2073 6f66 7477 6172 free softwar\n-000053f0: 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2066 7265 6520 e, because free \n-00005400: 736f 6674 7761 7265 206e 6565 6473 2066 software needs f\n-00005410: 7265 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f ree documentatio\n-00005420: 6e3a 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6565 2070 n: a. free p\n-00005430: 726f 6772 616d 2073 686f 756c 6420 636f rogram should co\n-00005440: 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6d61 6e75 616c 7320 me with manuals \n-00005450: 7072 6f76 6964 696e 6720 7468 6520 7361 providing the sa\n-00005460: 6d65 2066 7265 6564 6f6d 730a 2020 2020 me freedoms. \n-00005470: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 736f 6674 7761 that the softwa\n-00005480: 7265 2064 6f65 732e 2020 4275 7420 7468 re does. But th\n-00005490: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 6e6f is License is no\n-000054a0: 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 t limited to. \n-000054b0: 2020 736f 6674 7761 7265 206d 616e 7561 software manua\n-000054c0: 6c73 3b20 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 ls; it can be us\n-000054d0: 6564 2066 6f72 2061 6e79 2074 6578 7475 ed for any textu\n-000054e0: 616c 2077 6f72 6b2c 2072 6567 6172 646c al work, regardl\n-000054f0: 6573 730a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7375 626a ess. of subj\n-00005500: 6563 7420 6d61 7474 6572 206f 7220 7768 ect matter or wh\n-00005510: 6574 6865 7220 6974 2069 7320 7075 626c ether it is publ\n-00005520: 6973 6865 6420 6173 2061 2070 7269 6e74 ished as a print\n-00005530: 6564 2062 6f6f 6b2e 2020 5765 0a20 2020 ed book. We. \n-00005540: 2020 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6973 recommend this\n-00005550: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7269 6e63 6970 License princip\n-00005560: 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 ally for works w\n-00005570: 686f 7365 2070 7572 706f 7365 2069 730a hose purpose is.\n-00005580: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e instruction\n-00005590: 206f 7220 7265 6665 7265 6e63 652e 0a0a or reference...\n-000055a0: 2020 312e 2041 5050 4c49 4341 4249 4c49 1. APPLICABILI\n-000055b0: 5459 2041 4e44 2044 4546 494e 4954 494f TY AND DEFINITIO\n-000055c0: 4e53 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 4c69 NS.. This Li\n-000055d0: 6365 6e73 6520 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f cense applies to\n-000055e0: 2061 6e79 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f72 206f any manual or o\n-000055f0: 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6b2c 2069 6e20 616e ther work, in an\n-00005600: 7920 6d65 6469 756d 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 y medium,. t\n-00005610: 6861 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 206e hat contains a n\n-00005620: 6f74 6963 6520 706c 6163 6564 2062 7920 otice placed by \n-00005630: 7468 6520 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 686f the copyright ho\n-00005640: 6c64 6572 2073 6179 696e 6720 6974 2063 lder saying it c\n-00005650: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2064 6973 7472 an. be distr\n-00005660: 6962 7574 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 ibuted under the\n-00005670: 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c terms of this L\n-00005680: 6963 656e 7365 2e20 2053 7563 6820 6120 icense. Such a \n-00005690: 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6772 616e notice. gran\n-000056a0: 7473 2061 2077 6f72 6c64 2d77 6964 652c ts a world-wide,\n-000056b0: 2072 6f79 616c 7479 2d66 7265 6520 6c69 royalty-free li\n-000056c0: 6365 6e73 652c 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 6564 cense, unlimited\n-000056d0: 2069 6e20 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 2c0a 2020 in duration,. \n-000056e0: 2020 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6174 2077 to use that w\n-000056f0: 6f72 6b20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 636f ork under the co\n-00005700: 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2073 7461 7465 6420 nditions stated \n-00005710: 6865 7265 696e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 herein. The. \n-00005720: 2020 2244 6f63 756d 656e 7422 2c20 6265 \"Document\", be\n-00005730: 6c6f 772c 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f 2061 low, refers to a\n-00005740: 6e79 2073 7563 6820 6d61 6e75 616c 206f ny such manual o\n-00005750: 7220 776f 726b 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 656d r work. Any mem\n-00005760: 6265 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 ber. of the \n-00005770: 7075 626c 6963 2069 7320 6120 6c69 6365 public is a lice\n-00005780: 6e73 6565 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2061 6464 nsee, and is add\n-00005790: 7265 7373 6564 2061 7320 2279 6f75 222e ressed as \"you\".\n-000057a0: 2020 596f 7520 6163 6365 7074 0a20 2020 You accept. \n-000057b0: 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6966 the license if\n-000057c0: 2079 6f75 2063 6f70 792c 206d 6f64 6966 you copy, modif\n-000057d0: 7920 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 y or distribute \n-000057e0: 7468 6520 776f 726b 2069 6e20 6120 7761 the work in a wa\n-000057f0: 790a 2020 2020 2072 6571 7569 7269 6e67 y. requiring\n-00005800: 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 756e 6465 permission unde\n-00005810: 7220 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6c61 772e r copyright law.\n-00005820: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2022 4d6f 6469 6669 .. A \"Modifi\n-00005830: 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 6f66 2074 ed Version\" of t\n-00005840: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d65 616e he Document mean\n-00005850: 7320 616e 7920 776f 726b 2063 6f6e 7461 s any work conta\n-00005860: 696e 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 ining the. D\n-00005870: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6f72 2061 2070 6f72 ocument or a por\n-00005880: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6974 2c20 6569 7468 tion of it, eith\n-00005890: 6572 2063 6f70 6965 6420 7665 7262 6174 er copied verbat\n-000058a0: 696d 2c20 6f72 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 im, or with. \n-000058b0: 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2061 modifications a\n-000058c0: 6e64 2f6f 7220 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 nd/or translated\n-000058d0: 2069 6e74 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6c61 into another la\n-000058e0: 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 nguage... A \n-000058f0: 2253 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 \"Secondary Secti\n-00005900: 6f6e 2220 6973 2061 206e 616d 6564 2061 on\" is a named a\n-00005910: 7070 656e 6469 7820 6f72 2061 2066 726f ppendix or a fro\n-00005920: 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 7220 7365 6374 696f nt-matter sectio\n-00005930: 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f n. of the Do\n-00005940: 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6465 616c cument that deal\n-00005950: 7320 6578 636c 7573 6976 656c 7920 7769 s exclusively wi\n-00005960: 7468 2074 6865 2072 656c 6174 696f 6e73 th the relations\n-00005970: 6869 7020 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 hip of the. \n-00005980: 7075 626c 6973 6865 7273 206f 7220 6175 publishers or au\n-00005990: 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 thors of the Doc\n-000059a0: 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2044 6f63 ument to the Doc\n-000059b0: 756d 656e 7427 7320 6f76 6572 616c 6c0a ument's overall.\n-000059c0: 2020 2020 2073 7562 6a65 6374 2028 6f72 subject (or\n-000059d0: 2074 6f20 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 to related matt\n-000059e0: 6572 7329 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7461 696e ers) and contain\n-000059f0: 7320 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 2063 s nothing that c\n-00005a00: 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6c6c 2064 ould. fall d\n-00005a10: 6972 6563 746c 7920 7769 7468 696e 2074 irectly within t\n-00005a20: 6861 7420 6f76 6572 616c 6c20 7375 626a hat overall subj\n-00005a30: 6563 742e 2020 2854 6875 732c 2069 6620 ect. (Thus, if \n-00005a40: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 the Document. \n-00005a50: 2020 6973 2069 6e20 7061 7274 2061 2074 is in part a t\n-00005a60: 6578 7462 6f6f 6b20 6f66 206d 6174 6865 extbook of mathe\n-00005a70: 6d61 7469 6373 2c20 6120 5365 636f 6e64 matics, a Second\n-00005a80: 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 ary Section may \n-00005a90: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2065 7870 6c61 696e not. explain\n-00005aa0: 2061 6e79 206d 6174 6865 6d61 7469 6373 any mathematics\n-00005ab0: 2e29 2020 5468 6520 7265 6c61 7469 6f6e .) The relation\n-00005ac0: 7368 6970 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6120 ship could be a \n-00005ad0: 6d61 7474 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2068 matter of. h\n-00005ae0: 6973 746f 7269 6361 6c20 636f 6e6e 6563 istorical connec\n-00005af0: 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7375 tion with the su\n-00005b00: 626a 6563 7420 6f72 2077 6974 6820 7265 bject or with re\n-00005b10: 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 6572 732c 206f lated matters, o\n-00005b20: 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6c65 6761 6c2c r. of legal,\n-00005b30: 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c2c 2070 6869 commercial, phi\n-00005b40: 6c6f 736f 7068 6963 616c 2c20 6574 6869 losophical, ethi\n-00005b50: 6361 6c20 6f72 2070 6f6c 6974 6963 616c cal or political\n-00005b60: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 position. r\n-00005b70: 6567 6172 6469 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a egarding them...\n-00005b80: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2022 496e 7661 7269 The \"Invari\n-00005b90: 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2220 6172 ant Sections\" ar\n-00005ba0: 6520 6365 7274 6169 6e20 5365 636f 6e64 e certain Second\n-00005bb0: 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2077 686f ary Sections who\n-00005bc0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7469 746c 6573 2061 se. titles a\n-00005bd0: 7265 2064 6573 6967 6e61 7465 642c 2061 re designated, a\n-00005be0: 7320 6265 696e 6720 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 s being those of\n-00005bf0: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n-00005c00: 6f6e 732c 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ons, in the. \n-00005c10: 206e 6f74 6963 6520 7468 6174 2073 6179 notice that say\n-00005c20: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d s that the Docum\n-00005c30: 656e 7420 6973 2072 656c 6561 7365 6420 ent is released \n-00005c40: 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e under this Licen\n-00005c50: 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6120 7365 se.. If a se\n-00005c60: 6374 696f 6e20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2066 ction does not f\n-00005c70: 6974 2074 6865 2061 626f 7665 2064 6566 it the above def\n-00005c80: 696e 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2053 6563 6f6e inition of Secon\n-00005c90: 6461 7279 2074 6865 6e20 6974 0a20 2020 dary then it. \n-00005ca0: 2020 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 is not allowed\n-00005cb0: 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6573 6967 6e61 7465 to be designate\n-00005cc0: 6420 6173 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2e20 d as Invariant. \n-00005cd0: 2054 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d61 The Document ma\n-00005ce0: 790a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 207a y. contain z\n-00005cf0: 6572 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 ero Invariant Se\n-00005d00: 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 ctions. If the \n-00005d10: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f Document does no\n-00005d20: 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 0a20 2020 2020 t identify. \n-00005d30: 616e 7920 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 any Invariant Se\n-00005d40: 6374 696f 6e73 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6572 ctions then ther\n-00005d50: 6520 6172 6520 6e6f 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e are none... \n-00005d60: 2020 5468 6520 2243 6f76 6572 2054 6578 The \"Cover Tex\n-00005d70: 7473 2220 6172 6520 6365 7274 6169 6e20 ts\" are certain \n-00005d80: 7368 6f72 7420 7061 7373 6167 6573 206f short passages o\n-00005d90: 6620 7465 7874 2074 6861 7420 6172 650a f text that are.\n-00005da0: 2020 2020 206c 6973 7465 642c 2061 7320 listed, as \n-00005db0: 4672 6f6e 742d 436f 7665 7220 5465 7874 Front-Cover Text\n-00005dc0: 7320 6f72 2042 6163 6b2d 436f 7665 7220 s or Back-Cover \n-00005dd0: 5465 7874 732c 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6e6f Texts, in the no\n-00005de0: 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2073 tice. that s\n-00005df0: 6179 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2044 6f63 ays that the Doc\n-00005e00: 756d 656e 7420 6973 2072 656c 6561 7365 ument is release\n-00005e10: 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 204c 6963 d under this Lic\n-00005e20: 656e 7365 2e20 2041 0a20 2020 2020 4672 ense. 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For. \n-00006570: 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 696e 2066 6f72 works in for\n-00006580: 6d61 7473 2077 6869 6368 2064 6f20 6e6f mats which do no\n-00006590: 7420 6861 7665 2061 6e79 2074 6974 6c65 t have any title\n-000065a0: 2070 6167 6520 6173 2073 7563 682c 2022 page as such, \"\n-000065b0: 5469 746c 650a 2020 2020 2050 6167 6522 Title. Page\"\n-000065c0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 means the text \n-000065d0: 6e65 6172 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7072 near the most pr\n-000065e0: 6f6d 696e 656e 7420 6170 7065 6172 616e ominent appearan\n-000065f0: 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2077 ce of the. w\n-00006600: 6f72 6b27 7320 7469 746c 652c 2070 7265 ork's title, pre\n-00006610: 6365 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6567 696e ceding the begin\n-00006620: 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f 6479 ning of the body\n-00006630: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 2e0a 0a20 of the text... \n-00006640: 2020 2020 4120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 2245 A section \"E\n-00006650: 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 5859 5a22 206d 6561 ntitled XYZ\" mea\n-00006660: 6e73 2061 206e 616d 6564 2073 7562 756e ns a named subun\n-00006670: 6974 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 it of the Docume\n-00006680: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f73 6520 7469 nt. whose ti\n-00006690: 746c 6520 6569 7468 6572 2069 7320 7072 tle either is pr\n-000066a0: 6563 6973 656c 7920 5859 5a20 6f72 2063 ecisely XYZ or c\n-000066b0: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 5859 5a20 696e 2070 ontains XYZ in p\n-000066c0: 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 0a20 2020 2020 arentheses. \n-000066d0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7465 7874 2074 following text t\n-000066e0: 6861 7420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6573 2058 hat translates X\n-000066f0: 595a 2069 6e20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6c61 YZ in another la\n-00006700: 6e67 7561 6765 2e20 2028 4865 7265 2058 nguage. 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P\n-00007d40: 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 7365 6374 reserve the sect\n-00007d50: 696f 6e20 456e 7469 746c 6564 2022 4869 ion Entitled \"Hi\n-00007d60: 7374 6f72 7922 2c20 5072 6573 6572 7665 story\", Preserve\n-00007d70: 2069 7473 2054 6974 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 its Title,. \n-00007d80: 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 6164 6420 746f and add to\n-00007d90: 2069 7420 616e 2069 7465 6d20 7374 6174 it an item stat\n-00007da0: 696e 6720 6174 206c 6561 7374 2074 6865 ing at least the\n-00007db0: 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 7965 6172 2c20 6e65 title, year, ne\n-00007dc0: 770a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6175 7468 w. auth\n-00007dd0: 6f72 732c 2061 6e64 2070 7562 6c69 7368 ors, and publish\n-00007de0: 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 4d6f 6469 6669 er of the Modifi\n-00007df0: 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2061 7320 6769 ed Version as gi\n-00007e00: 7665 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ven on the. \n-00007e10: 2020 2020 2054 6974 6c65 2050 6167 652e Title Page.\n-00007e20: 2020 4966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f If there is no\n-00007e30: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 section Entitle\n-00007e40: 6420 2248 6973 746f 7279 2220 696e 2074 d \"History\" in t\n-00007e50: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f63 he. 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Secondarily, \n+000051f0: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7265 this License pre\n+00005200: 7365 7276 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 serves for the. \n+00005210: 2020 2020 6175 7468 6f72 2061 6e64 2070 author and p\n+00005220: 7562 6c69 7368 6572 2061 2077 6179 2074 ublisher a way t\n+00005230: 6f20 6765 7420 6372 6564 6974 2066 6f72 o get credit for\n+00005240: 2074 6865 6972 2077 6f72 6b2c 2077 6869 their work, whi\n+00005250: 6c65 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e le not. bein\n+00005260: 6720 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2072 6573 g considered res\n+00005270: 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 6f64 ponsible for mod\n+00005280: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 206d 6164 6520 ifications made \n+00005290: 6279 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 by others... \n+000052a0: 2054 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 This License is\n+000052b0: 2061 206b 696e 6420 6f66 2022 636f 7079 a kind of \"copy\n+000052c0: 6c65 6674 222c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6561 left\", which mea\n+000052d0: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6465 7269 7661 7469 ns that derivati\n+000052e0: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 6f66 ve. works of\n+000052f0: 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d75 the document mu\n+00005300: 7374 2074 6865 6d73 656c 7665 7320 6265 st themselves be\n+00005310: 2066 7265 6520 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d free in the sam\n+00005320: 6520 7365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 e sense.. It\n+00005330: 2063 6f6d 706c 656d 656e 7473 2074 6865 complements the\n+00005340: 2047 4e55 2047 656e 6572 616c 2050 7562 GNU General Pub\n+00005350: 6c69 6320 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2077 6869 lic License, whi\n+00005360: 6368 2069 7320 6120 636f 7079 6c65 6674 ch is a copyleft\n+00005370: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6465 . license de\n+00005380: 7369 676e 6564 2066 6f72 2066 7265 6520 signed for free \n+00005390: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 software... \n+000053a0: 5765 2068 6176 6520 6465 7369 676e 6564 We have designed\n+000053b0: 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 696e this License in\n+000053c0: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6974 order to use it\n+000053d0: 2066 6f72 206d 616e 7561 6c73 2066 6f72 for manuals for\n+000053e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6565 2073 6f66 7477 . free softw\n+000053f0: 6172 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2066 7265 are, because fre\n+00005400: 6520 736f 6674 7761 7265 206e 6565 6473 e software needs\n+00005410: 2066 7265 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 free documentat\n+00005420: 696f 6e3a 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6565 ion: a. free\n+00005430: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2073 686f 756c 6420 program should \n+00005440: 636f 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6d61 6e75 616c come with manual\n+00005450: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 696e 6720 7468 6520 s providing the \n+00005460: 7361 6d65 2066 7265 6564 6f6d 730a 2020 same freedoms. \n+00005470: 2020 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 736f 6674 that the soft\n+00005480: 7761 7265 2064 6f65 732e 2020 4275 7420 ware does. But \n+00005490: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 this License is \n+000054a0: 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 not limited to. \n+000054b0: 2020 2020 736f 6674 7761 7265 206d 616e software man\n+000054c0: 7561 6c73 3b20 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 uals; it can be \n+000054d0: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 6e79 2074 6578 used for any tex\n+000054e0: 7475 616c 2077 6f72 6b2c 2072 6567 6172 tual work, regar\n+000054f0: 646c 6573 730a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7375 dless. of su\n+00005500: 626a 6563 7420 6d61 7474 6572 206f 7220 bject matter or \n+00005510: 7768 6574 6865 7220 6974 2069 7320 7075 whether it is pu\n+00005520: 626c 6973 6865 6420 6173 2061 2070 7269 blished as a pri\n+00005530: 6e74 6564 2062 6f6f 6b2e 2020 5765 0a20 nted book. We. \n+00005540: 2020 2020 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 recommend th\n+00005550: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7269 6e63 is License princ\n+00005560: 6970 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2077 6f72 6b73 ipally for works\n+00005570: 2077 686f 7365 2070 7572 706f 7365 2069 whose purpose i\n+00005580: 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 s. instructi\n+00005590: 6f6e 206f 7220 7265 6665 7265 6e63 652e on or reference.\n+000055a0: 0a0a 2020 312e 2041 5050 4c49 4341 4249 .. 1. APPLICABI\n+000055b0: 4c49 5459 2041 4e44 2044 4546 494e 4954 LITY AND DEFINIT\n+000055c0: 494f 4e53 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 IONS.. This \n+000055d0: 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6170 706c 6965 7320 License applies \n+000055e0: 746f 2061 6e79 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f72 to any manual or\n+000055f0: 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6b2c 2069 6e20 other work, in \n+00005600: 616e 7920 6d65 6469 756d 2c0a 2020 2020 any medium,. \n+00005610: 2074 6861 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 that contains a\n+00005620: 206e 6f74 6963 6520 706c 6163 6564 2062 notice placed b\n+00005630: 7920 7468 6520 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 y the copyright \n+00005640: 686f 6c64 6572 2073 6179 696e 6720 6974 holder saying it\n+00005650: 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2064 6973 can. be dis\n+00005660: 7472 6962 7574 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 tributed under t\n+00005670: 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 6973 he terms of this\n+00005680: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e20 2053 7563 6820 License. Such \n+00005690: 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6772 a notice. gr\n+000056a0: 616e 7473 2061 2077 6f72 6c64 2d77 6964 ants a world-wid\n+000056b0: 652c 2072 6f79 616c 7479 2d66 7265 6520 e, royalty-free \n+000056c0: 6c69 6365 6e73 652c 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 license, unlimit\n+000056d0: 6564 2069 6e20 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 2c0a ed in duration,.\n+000056e0: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6174 to use that\n+000056f0: 2077 6f72 6b20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 work under the \n+00005700: 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2073 7461 7465 conditions state\n+00005710: 6420 6865 7265 696e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 d herein. The. \n+00005720: 2020 2020 2244 6f63 756d 656e 7422 2c20 \"Document\", \n+00005730: 6265 6c6f 772c 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f below, refers to\n+00005740: 2061 6e79 2073 7563 6820 6d61 6e75 616c any such manual\n+00005750: 206f 7220 776f 726b 2e20 2041 6e79 206d or work. Any m\n+00005760: 656d 6265 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 ember. of th\n+00005770: 6520 7075 626c 6963 2069 7320 6120 6c69 e public is a li\n+00005780: 6365 6e73 6565 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2061 censee, and is a\n+00005790: 6464 7265 7373 6564 2061 7320 2279 6f75 ddressed as \"you\n+000057a0: 222e 2020 596f 7520 6163 6365 7074 0a20 \". You accept. \n+000057b0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 the license \n+000057c0: 6966 2079 6f75 2063 6f70 792c 206d 6f64 if you copy, mod\n+000057d0: 6966 7920 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 ify or distribut\n+000057e0: 6520 7468 6520 776f 726b 2069 6e20 6120 e the work in a \n+000057f0: 7761 790a 2020 2020 2072 6571 7569 7269 way. requiri\n+00005800: 6e67 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 756e ng permission un\n+00005810: 6465 7220 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6c61 der copyright la\n+00005820: 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2022 4d6f 6469 w... A \"Modi\n+00005830: 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 6f66 fied Version\" of\n+00005840: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d65 the Document me\n+00005850: 616e 7320 616e 7920 776f 726b 2063 6f6e ans any work con\n+00005860: 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 taining the. \n+00005870: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6f72 2061 2070 Document or a p\n+00005880: 6f72 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6974 2c20 6569 ortion of it, ei\n+00005890: 7468 6572 2063 6f70 6965 6420 7665 7262 ther copied verb\n+000058a0: 6174 696d 2c20 6f72 2077 6974 680a 2020 atim, or with. \n+000058b0: 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 modifications\n+000058c0: 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 7472 616e 736c 6174 and/or translat\n+000058d0: 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 ed into another \n+000058e0: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 language... \n+000058f0: 4120 2253 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 A \"Secondary Sec\n+00005900: 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2061 206e 616d 6564 tion\" is a named\n+00005910: 2061 7070 656e 6469 7820 6f72 2061 2066 appendix or a f\n+00005920: 726f 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 7220 7365 6374 ront-matter sect\n+00005930: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 ion. of the \n+00005940: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6465 Document that de\n+00005950: 616c 7320 6578 636c 7573 6976 656c 7920 als exclusively \n+00005960: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 656c 6174 696f with the relatio\n+00005970: 6e73 6869 7020 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 nship of the. \n+00005980: 2020 7075 626c 6973 6865 7273 206f 7220 publishers or \n+00005990: 6175 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 authors of the D\n+000059a0: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2044 ocument to the D\n+000059b0: 6f63 756d 656e 7427 7320 6f76 6572 616c ocument's overal\n+000059c0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7562 6a65 6374 2028 l. subject (\n+000059d0: 6f72 2074 6f20 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 or to related ma\n+000059e0: 7474 6572 7329 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7461 tters) and conta\n+000059f0: 696e 7320 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 ins nothing that\n+00005a00: 2063 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6c6c could. fall\n+00005a10: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 7769 7468 696e directly within\n+00005a20: 2074 6861 7420 6f76 6572 616c 6c20 7375 that overall su\n+00005a30: 626a 6563 742e 2020 2854 6875 732c 2069 bject. (Thus, i\n+00005a40: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 f the Document. \n+00005a50: 2020 2020 6973 2069 6e20 7061 7274 2061 is in part a\n+00005a60: 2074 6578 7462 6f6f 6b20 6f66 206d 6174 textbook of mat\n+00005a70: 6865 6d61 7469 6373 2c20 6120 5365 636f hematics, a Seco\n+00005a80: 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e20 6d61 ndary Section ma\n+00005a90: 7920 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2065 7870 6c61 y not. expla\n+00005aa0: 696e 2061 6e79 206d 6174 6865 6d61 7469 in any mathemati\n+00005ab0: 6373 2e29 2020 5468 6520 7265 6c61 7469 cs.) The relati\n+00005ac0: 6f6e 7368 6970 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 onship could be \n+00005ad0: 6120 6d61 7474 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 a matter of. \n+00005ae0: 2068 6973 746f 7269 6361 6c20 636f 6e6e historical conn\n+00005af0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 ection with the \n+00005b00: 7375 626a 6563 7420 6f72 2077 6974 6820 subject or with \n+00005b10: 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 6572 732c related matters,\n+00005b20: 206f 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6c65 6761 or. of lega\n+00005b30: 6c2c 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c2c 2070 l, commercial, p\n+00005b40: 6869 6c6f 736f 7068 6963 616c 2c20 6574 hilosophical, et\n+00005b50: 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 2070 6f6c 6974 6963 hical or politic\n+00005b60: 616c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 al position. \n+00005b70: 2072 6567 6172 6469 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e regarding them.\n+00005b80: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2022 496e 7661 .. The \"Inva\n+00005b90: 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2220 riant Sections\" \n+00005ba0: 6172 6520 6365 7274 6169 6e20 5365 636f are certain Seco\n+00005bb0: 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2077 ndary Sections w\n+00005bc0: 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7469 746c 6573 hose. titles\n+00005bd0: 2061 7265 2064 6573 6967 6e61 7465 642c are designated,\n+00005be0: 2061 7320 6265 696e 6720 7468 6f73 6520 as being those \n+00005bf0: 6f66 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 of Invariant Sec\n+00005c00: 7469 6f6e 732c 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 tions, in the. \n+00005c10: 2020 206e 6f74 6963 6520 7468 6174 2073 notice that s\n+00005c20: 6179 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2044 6f63 ays that the Doc\n+00005c30: 756d 656e 7420 6973 2072 656c 6561 7365 ument is release\n+00005c40: 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 204c 6963 d under this Lic\n+00005c50: 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6120 ense.. 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For\n+00006570: 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 696e 2066 . works in f\n+00006580: 6f72 6d61 7473 2077 6869 6368 2064 6f20 ormats which do \n+00006590: 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2061 6e79 2074 6974 not have any tit\n+000065a0: 6c65 2070 6167 6520 6173 2073 7563 682c le page as such,\n+000065b0: 2022 5469 746c 650a 2020 2020 2050 6167 \"Title. Pag\n+000065c0: 6522 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2074 6578 e\" means the tex\n+000065d0: 7420 6e65 6172 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 t near the most \n+000065e0: 7072 6f6d 696e 656e 7420 6170 7065 6172 prominent appear\n+000065f0: 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 ance of the. \n+00006600: 2077 6f72 6b27 7320 7469 746c 652c 2070 work's title, p\n+00006610: 7265 6365 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6567 receding the beg\n+00006620: 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f inning of the bo\n+00006630: 6479 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 2e0a dy of the text..\n+00006640: 0a20 2020 2020 4120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 . A section \n+00006650: 2245 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 5859 5a22 206d \"Entitled XYZ\" m\n+00006660: 6561 6e73 2061 206e 616d 6564 2073 7562 eans a named sub\n+00006670: 756e 6974 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 unit of the Docu\n+00006680: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f73 6520 ment. whose \n+00006690: 7469 746c 6520 6569 7468 6572 2069 7320 title either is \n+000066a0: 7072 6563 6973 656c 7920 5859 5a20 6f72 precisely XYZ or\n+000066b0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 5859 5a20 696e contains XYZ in\n+000066c0: 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 0a20 2020 parentheses. \n+000066d0: 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7465 7874 following text\n+000066e0: 2074 6861 7420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6573 that translates\n+000066f0: 2058 595a 2069 6e20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 XYZ in another \n+00006700: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e20 2028 4865 7265 language. 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TRANSLATION..\n+00009700: 2020 2020 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e Translation\n+00009710: 2069 7320 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2061 is considered a\n+00009720: 206b 696e 6420 6f66 206d 6f64 6966 6963 kind of modific\n+00009730: 6174 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d61 ation, so you ma\n+00009740: 790a 2020 2020 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 y. distribut\n+00009750: 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e73 206f e translations o\n+00009760: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 f the Document u\n+00009770: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n+00009780: 6620 7365 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2034 f section. 4\n+00009790: 2e20 2052 6570 6c61 6369 6e67 2049 6e76 . 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(lin\n+0000ac20: 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 7574 6d65 6d3a 2020 e 6).* cutmem: \n 0000ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6375 746d cutm\n-0000ac50: 656d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 em. \n-0000ac60: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6461 (line 6).* da\n-0000ac70: 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te: \n+0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6375 cu\n+0000ac50: 746d 656d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tmem. \n+0000ac60: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000ac70: 6461 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 date: \n 0000ac80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac90: 2020 2020 2064 6174 652e 2020 2020 2020 date. \n-0000aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000acb0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 e 6).* devicetre\n-0000acc0: 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e: \n-0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 de\n-0000ace0: 7669 6365 7472 6565 2e20 2020 2020 2020 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2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n+0000ad40: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 7269 7665 (line 6).* drive\n+0000ad50: 6d61 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 map: \n 0000ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad70: 6472 6976 656d 6170 2e20 2020 2020 2020 drivemap. \n-0000ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000ad90: 2a20 6563 686f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 * echo: \n+0000ad70: 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 2e20 2020 2020 drivemap. \n+0000ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000ad90: 290a 2a20 6563 686f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ).* echo: \n 0000ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 6f2e 2020 echo. \n+0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 6f2e echo.\n 0000adc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000add0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 6669 7465 (line 6).* efite\n-0000ade0: 7874 6d6f 6465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 xtmode: \n+0000add0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 6669 (line 6).* efi\n+0000ade0: 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 textmode: \n 0000adf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae00: 2020 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652e 2020 efitextmode. \n-0000ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000ae20: 290a 2a20 6576 616c 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ).* eval: \n+0000ae00: 2020 2020 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652e efitextmode.\n+0000ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000ae20: 2036 290a 2a20 6576 616c 3a20 2020 2020 6).* eval: \n 0000ae30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 7661 6c2e eval.\n-0000ae50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae60: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 7870 (line 6).* exp\n-0000ae70: 6f72 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ort: \n+0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 7661 eva\n+0000ae50: 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n+0000ae60: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 (line 6).* e\n+0000ae70: 7870 6f72 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xport: \n 0000ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae90: 2020 2020 6578 706f 7274 2e20 2020 2020 export. \n-0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000aeb0: 2036 290a 2a20 6661 6c73 653a 2020 2020 6).* false: \n+0000ae90: 2020 2020 2020 6578 706f 7274 2e20 2020 export. \n+0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000aeb0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6661 6c73 653a 2020 ne 6).* false: \n 0000aec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c fal\n-0000aee0: 7365 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se. \n-0000aef0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2046 (line 6).* F\n-0000af00: 444c 2c20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 DL, GNU Free Doc\n-0000af10: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n-0000af20: 7365 3a20 2020 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 se: GNU Free D\n-0000af30: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n-0000af40: 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 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(l\n-0000b660: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206d 6f64 756c 653a ine 6).* module:\n-0000b670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 menuent\n+0000b650: 7279 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ry. \n+0000b660: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206d 6f64 756c (line 6).* modul\n+0000b670: 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e: \n 0000b680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b690: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 module. \n-0000b6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000b6b0: 2a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a 2020 2020 * multiboot: \n+0000b690: 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 2020 module. \n+0000b6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000b6b0: 290a 2a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a 2020 ).* multiboot: \n 0000b6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 756c 7469 626f multibo\n-0000b6e0: 6f74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot. \n-0000b6f0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6174 6976 (line 6).* nativ\n-0000b700: 6564 6973 6b3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 edisk: \n+0000b6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 756c 7469 multi\n+0000b6e0: 626f 6f74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot. \n+0000b6f0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6174 (line 6).* nat\n+0000b700: 6976 6564 6973 6b3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ivedisk: \n 0000b710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b720: 2020 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2e20 2020 nativedisk. \n-0000b730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b740: 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 ).* net_add_addr\n-0000b750: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0000b760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f61 net_a\n-0000b770: 6464 5f61 6464 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 dd_addr. \n-0000b780: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 (line 6).* net\n-0000b790: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 2020 2020 _add_dns: \n+0000b720: 2020 2020 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2e20 nativedisk. \n+0000b730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000b740: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6).* net_add_ad\n+0000b750: 6472 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dr: \n+0000b760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 net\n+0000b770: 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722e 2020 2020 2020 _add_addr. \n+0000b780: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n+0000b790: 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 2020 et_add_dns: \n 0000b7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b7b0: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732e net_add_dns.\n-0000b7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b7d0: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 6).* net_add_ro\n-0000b7e0: 7574 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ute: \n-0000b7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 net\n-0000b800: 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2e20 2020 2020 _add_route. \n-0000b810: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n-0000b820: 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a20 2020 2020 2020 et_bootp: \n+0000b7b0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e net_add_dn\n+0000b7c0: 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 s. (li\n+0000b7d0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f ne 6).* net_add_\n+0000b7e0: 726f 7574 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 route: \n+0000b7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+0000b800: 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2e20 2020 et_add_route. \n+0000b810: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b820: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a20 2020 2020 net_bootp: \n 0000b830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b840: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702e net_bootp.\n-0000b850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000b860: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f ne 6).* net_del_\n-0000b870: 6164 6472 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 addr: \n-0000b880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-0000b890: 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722e 2020 2020 et_del_addr. \n-0000b8a0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b8b0: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 net_del_dns: \n+0000b840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 net_boot\n+0000b850: 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 p. (\n+0000b860: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 line 6).* net_de\n+0000b870: 6c5f 6164 6472 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_addr: \n+0000b880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b890: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722e 2020 net_del_addr. \n+0000b8a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b8b0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 3a20 .* net_del_dns: \n 0000b8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f net_del_\n-0000b8e0: 646e 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 dns. 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(line \n+0000b940: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 2020 6).* net_dhcp: \n 0000b950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6468 net_dh\n-0000b970: 6370 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cp. \n-0000b980: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f (line 6).* net_\n-0000b990: 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e3a get_dhcp_option:\n-0000b9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b9b0: 2020 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f net_get_dhcp_\n-0000b9c0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2020 286c 696e 6520 option. 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(lin\n+0000b9d0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f e 6).* net_ipv6_\n+0000b9e0: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 3a20 2020 2020 2020 autoconf: \n+0000b9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n+0000ba00: 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662e t_ipv6_autoconf.\n+0000ba10: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000ba20: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 2020 2020 net_ls_addr: \n 0000ba30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ba40: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 net_ls_addr\n-0000ba50: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e . (lin\n-0000ba60: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 e 6).* net_ls_ca\n-0000ba70: 7264 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rds: \n-0000ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n-0000ba90: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2e20 2020 2020 t_ls_cards. \n-0000baa0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000bab0: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 2020 net_ls_dns: \n+0000ba40: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 net_ls_ad\n+0000ba50: 6472 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c dr. (l\n+0000ba60: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f ine 6).* net_ls_\n+0000ba70: 6361 7264 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cards: \n+0000ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000ba90: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2e20 2020 net_ls_cards. \n+0000baa0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000bab0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 * net_ls_dns: \n 0000bac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bad0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e net_ls_dn\n-0000bae0: 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c s. (l\n-0000baf0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f ine 6).* net_ls_\n-0000bb00: 726f 7574 6573 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 routes: \n+0000bad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f net_ls_\n+0000bae0: 646e 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dns. \n+0000baf0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c (line 6).* net_l\n+0000bb00: 735f 726f 7574 6573 3a20 2020 2020 2020 s_routes: \n 0000bb10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bb20: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732e 2020 net_ls_routes. \n-0000bb30: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000bb40: 2a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 3a20 * net_nslookup: \n-0000bb50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6e 736c net_nsl\n-0000bb70: 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ookup. \n-0000bb80: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f73 (line 6).* net_s\n-0000bb90: 6574 5f76 6c61 6e3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 et_vlan: \n+0000bb20: 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732e net_ls_routes.\n+0000bb30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000bb40: 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 ).* net_nslookup\n+0000bb50: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6e net_n\n+0000bb70: 736c 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 slookup. \n+0000bb80: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 (line 6).* net\n+0000bb90: 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e3a 2020 2020 2020 _set_vlan: \n 0000bba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbb0: 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2e20 net_set_vlan. \n-0000bbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000bbd0: 290a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 3a20 2020 2020 ).* normal: \n+0000bbb0: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e net_set_vlan\n+0000bbc0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 . (line\n+0000bbd0: 2036 290a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 3a20 2020 6).* normal: \n 0000bbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 norma\n-0000bc00: 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-0000bc10: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6f72 (line 6).* nor\n-0000bc20: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 3a20 2020 2020 2020 mal_exit: \n+0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f72 nor\n+0000bc00: 6d61 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mal. \n+0000bc10: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n+0000bc20: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 3a20 2020 2020 ormal_exit: \n 0000bc30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc40: 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742e normal_exit.\n-0000bc50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000bc60: 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a20 6).* parttool: \n-0000bc70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 par\n-0000bc90: 7474 6f6f 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ttool. \n-0000bca0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 (line 6).* p\n-0000bcb0: 6173 7377 6f72 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 assword: \n+0000bc40: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 normal_exi\n+0000bc50: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 t. (li\n+0000bc60: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c ne 6).* parttool\n+0000bc70: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+0000bc90: 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 arttool. \n+0000bca0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000bcb0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 2020 2020 2020 password: \n 0000bcc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e20 password. \n-0000bce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000bcf0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 ne 6).* password\n-0000bd00: 5f70 626b 6466 323a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _pbkdf2: \n-0000bd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n-0000bd20: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2e20 assword_pbkdf2. \n-0000bd30: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000bd40: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 2020 2020 plainmount: \n+0000bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 password\n+0000bce0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 . (\n+0000bcf0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7373 776f line 6).* passwo\n+0000bd00: 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a 2020 2020 2020 rd_pbkdf2: \n+0000bd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bd20: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 password_pbkdf2\n+0000bd30: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 . (line 6)\n+0000bd40: 0a2a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 2020 .* plainmount: \n 0000bd50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 plainmou\n-0000bd70: 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 nt. (\n-0000bd80: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 706c 6179 3a20 line 6).* play: \n-0000bd90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d plainm\n+0000bd70: 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ount. \n+0000bd80: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 706c 6179 (line 6).* play\n+0000bd90: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000bda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdb0: 2070 6c61 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 play. \n-0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000bdd0: 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* probe: \n+0000bdb0: 2020 2070 6c61 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 play. \n+0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000bdd0: 3629 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a20 2020 2020 6).* probe: \n 0000bde0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f62 652e probe.\n-0000be00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be10: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7264 6d73 (line 6).* rdms\n-0000be20: 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r: \n+0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f62 prob\n+0000be00: 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+0000be10: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7264 (line 6).* rd\n+0000be20: 6d73 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 msr: \n 0000be30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be40: 2020 2072 646d 7372 2e20 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n-0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000be60: 3629 0a2a 2072 6561 643a 2020 2020 2020 6).* read: \n+0000be40: 2020 2020 2072 646d 7372 2e20 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n+0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000be60: 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6561 643a 2020 2020 e 6).* read: \n 0000be70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6164 read\n-0000be90: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000bea0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 (line 6).* re\n-0000beb0: 626f 6f74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot: \n+0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 re\n+0000be90: 6164 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ad. \n+0000bea0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000beb0: 7265 626f 6f74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 reboot: \n 0000bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bed0: 2020 2020 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 2020 2020 reboot. \n-0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000bef0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a 2020 e 6).* regexp: \n+0000bed0: 2020 2020 2020 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 2020 reboot. \n+0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000bef0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a ine 6).* regexp:\n 0000bf00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 re\n-0000bf20: 6765 7870 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gexp. \n-0000bf30: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000bf40: 726d 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmmod: \n+0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bf20: 7265 6765 7870 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 regexp. \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000bf40: 2a20 726d 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * rmmod: \n 0000bf50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2072 6d6d 6f64 2e20 2020 rmmod. \n-0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000bf80: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6176 655f 656e ine 6).* save_en\n-0000bf90: 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 v: \n+0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6d6d 6f64 2e20 rmmod. \n+0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bf80: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6176 655f (line 6).* save_\n+0000bf90: 656e 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 env: \n 0000bfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bfb0: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 2020 save_env. \n-0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000bfd0: 2a20 7365 6172 6368 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * search: \n+0000bfb0: 2020 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 save_env. \n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000bfd0: 290a 2a20 7365 6172 6368 3a20 2020 2020 ).* search: \n 0000bfe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e search.\n-0000c000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c010: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 656e 646b (line 6).* sendk\n-0000c020: 6579 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ey: \n+0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 searc\n+0000c000: 682e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h. \n+0000c010: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 656e (line 6).* sen\n+0000c020: 646b 6579 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dkey: \n 0000c030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c040: 2020 7365 6e64 6b65 792e 2020 2020 2020 sendkey. \n-0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000c060: 290a 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a20 2020 2020 ).* serial: \n+0000c040: 2020 2020 7365 6e64 6b65 792e 2020 2020 sendkey. \n+0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000c060: 2036 290a 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a20 2020 6).* serial: \n 0000c070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 seria\n-0000c090: 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-0000c0a0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6574 (line 6).* set\n-0000c0b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 ser\n+0000c090: 6961 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ial. \n+0000c0a0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n+0000c0b0: 6574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et: \n 0000c0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c0d0: 2020 2020 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 set. \n-0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000c0f0: 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a 2020 6).* sha1sum: \n+0000c0d0: 2020 2020 2020 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 set. \n+0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000c0f0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a ne 6).* sha1sum:\n 0000c100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 sha\n-0000c120: 3173 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 1sum. \n-0000c130: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n-0000c140: 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ha256sum: \n+0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+0000c120: 6861 3173 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ha1sum. \n+0000c130: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000c140: 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a20 2020 2020 sha256sum: \n 0000c150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c160: 2020 2020 2020 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2e sha256sum.\n-0000c170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c180: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 ne 6).* sha512su\n-0000c190: 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m: \n-0000c1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-0000c1b0: 6861 3531 3273 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 ha512sum. \n-0000c1c0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000c1d0: 2073 6c65 6570 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sleep: \n+0000c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 6132 3536 7375 sha256su\n+0000c170: 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 m. (\n+0000c180: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6135 3132 line 6).* sha512\n+0000c190: 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum: \n+0000c1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c1b0: 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2e20 2020 2020 sha512sum. \n+0000c1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000c1d0: 0a2a 2073 6c65 6570 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* sleep: \n 0000c1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e 2020 sleep. \n-0000c200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000c210: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 line 6).* smbios\n-0000c220: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e sleep.\n+0000c200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c210: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 736d 6269 (line 6).* smbi\n+0000c220: 6f73 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 os: \n 0000c230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c240: 2073 6d62 696f 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 smbios. \n-0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000c260: 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 2020 2020 2020 .* source: \n+0000c240: 2020 2073 6d62 696f 732e 2020 2020 2020 smbios. \n+0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000c260: 3629 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 2020 2020 6).* source: \n 0000c270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736f 7572 6365 source\n-0000c290: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000c2a0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7375 626d (line 6).* subm\n-0000c2b0: 656e 753a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enu: \n+0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736f 7572 sour\n+0000c290: 6365 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce. \n+0000c2a0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7375 (line 6).* su\n+0000c2b0: 626d 656e 753a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bmenu: \n 0000c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c2d0: 2020 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2020 2020 submenu. \n-0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000c2f0: 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 6).* terminal_in\n-0000c300: 7075 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 put: \n-0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d term\n-0000c320: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2e20 2020 2020 inal_input. \n-0000c330: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 (line 6).* te\n-0000c340: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 2020 rminal_output: \n+0000c2d0: 2020 2020 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2020 submenu. \n+0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000c2f0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f e 6).* terminal_\n+0000c300: 696e 7075 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 input: \n+0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 te\n+0000c320: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2e20 2020 rminal_input. \n+0000c330: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000c340: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a terminal_output:\n 0000c350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c360: 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 terminal_ou\n-0000c370: 7470 7574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e tput. (lin\n-0000c380: 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a e 6).* terminfo:\n-0000c390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 te\n-0000c3b0: 726d 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rminfo. \n-0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000c3d0: 7465 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 test: \n+0000c360: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f terminal_\n+0000c370: 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 286c output. (l\n+0000c380: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 ine 6).* terminf\n+0000c390: 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o: \n+0000c3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c3b0: 7465 726d 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 2020 terminfo. \n+0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000c3d0: 2a20 7465 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 * test: \n 0000c3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6573 742e 2020 2020 test. \n-0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000c410: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 7275 653a 2020 ine 6).* true: \n+0000c3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6573 742e 2020 test. \n+0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c410: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 7275 653a (line 6).* true:\n 0000c420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000c430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c440: 7472 7565 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true. \n-0000c450: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000c460: 2a20 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * trust: \n+0000c440: 2020 7472 7565 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 true. \n+0000c450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000c460: 290a 2a20 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 2020 ).* trust: \n 0000c470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 7374 2e20 trust. \n-0000c490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c4a0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2075 6e73 6574 (line 6).* unset\n-0000c4b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 7374 trust\n+0000c490: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000c4a0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2075 6e73 (line 6).* uns\n+0000c4b0: 6574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et: \n 0000c4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c4d0: 2020 756e 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 unset. \n-0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000c4f0: 290a 2a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 ).* verify_detac\n-0000c500: 6865 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hed: \n-0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 6572 6966 verif\n-0000c520: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2e20 2020 2020 y_detached. \n-0000c530: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2076 6964 (line 6).* vid\n-0000c540: 656f 696e 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 eoinfo: \n+0000c4d0: 2020 2020 756e 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 unset. \n+0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000c4f0: 2036 290a 2a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6).* verify_det\n+0000c500: 6163 6865 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ached: \n+0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 6572 ver\n+0000c520: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2e20 2020 ify_detached. \n+0000c530: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2076 (line 6).* v\n+0000c540: 6964 656f 696e 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ideoinfo: \n 0000c550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c560: 2020 2020 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2e 2020 videoinfo. \n-0000c570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000c580: 2036 290a 2a20 7772 6d73 723a 2020 2020 6).* wrmsr: \n+0000c560: 2020 2020 2020 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2e videoinfo.\n+0000c570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000c580: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7772 6d73 723a 2020 ne 6).* wrmsr: \n 0000c590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 726d wrm\n-0000c5b0: 7372 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sr. \n-0000c5c0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2078 (line 6).* x\n-0000c5d0: 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 723a 2020 en_hypervisor: \n+0000c5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 w\n+0000c5b0: 726d 7372 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmsr. \n+0000c5c0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000c5d0: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 723a xen_hypervisor:\n 0000c5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c5f0: 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 xen_hyperv\n-0000c600: 6973 6f72 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 isor. (li\n-0000c610: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 ne 6).* xen_modu\n-0000c620: 6c65 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le: \n-0000c630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2078 x\n-0000c640: 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 2020 2020 en_module. \n-0000c650: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a0a (line 6)..\n+0000c5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 xen_hype\n+0000c600: 7276 6973 6f72 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2028 rvisor. (\n+0000c610: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f line 6).* xen_mo\n+0000c620: 6475 6c65 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dule: \n+0000c630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c640: 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 2020 xen_module. \n+0000c650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000c660: 0a0a ..\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info", "source2": "grub.info", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,541 +1,541 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 312e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7.1.1 from grub.\n 00000040: 7465 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 texi...This manu\n 00000050: 616c 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 al is for GNU GR\n 00000060: 5542 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 UB (version 2.12\n-00000070: 2c20 3233 204d 6179 2032 3032 3629 2e0a , 23 May 2026)..\n-00000080: 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 . Copyright ..\n-00000090: 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c .1999,2000,2001,\n-000000a0: 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 2002,2004,2006,2\n-000000b0: 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 008,2009,2010,20\n-000000c0: 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 11,2012,2013 Fre\n-000000d0: 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 e.Software Found\n-000000e0: 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 ation, Inc... \n-000000f0: 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 Permission is \n-00000100: 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c granted to copy,\n-00000110: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f distribute and/\n-00000120: 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 or modify this. \n-00000130: 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 document und\n-00000140: 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 er the terms of \n-00000150: 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 the GNU Free Doc\n-00000160: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n-00000170: 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e se,. Version\n-00000180: 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 1.2 or any late\n-00000190: 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c 6973 r version publis\n-000001a0: 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 hed by the Free \n-000001b0: 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 466f Software. Fo\n-000001c0: 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e undation; with n\n-000001d0: 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 o Invariant Sect\n-000001e0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d53 ions..INFO-DIR-S\n-000001f0: 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a 5354 ECTION Kernel.ST\n-00000200: 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 ART-INFO-DIR-ENT\n-00000210: 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 7562 RY.* GRUB: (grub\n-00000220: 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ). \n-00000230: 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 The GRand Uni\n-00000240: 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 720a fied Bootloader.\n-00000250: 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a20 * grub-install: \n-00000260: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n-00000270: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 2020 rub-install. \n-00000280: 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 Install GRUB on \n-00000290: 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 7275 your drive.* gru\n-000002a0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 7275 b-mkconfig: (gru\n-000002b0: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-000002c0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e 6572 mkconfig. Gener\n-000002d0: 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ate GRUB configu\n-000002e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b ration.* grub-mk\n-000002f0: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 2028 passwd-pbkdf2: (\n-00000300: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n-00000310: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-00000320: 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c f2..* grub-mkrel\n-00000330: 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f path: (grub)Invo\n-00000340: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n-00000350: 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 ath..* grub-mkre\n-00000360: 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f scue: (grub)Invo\n-00000370: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n-00000380: 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 ue. 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8.Node: terminal\n+00001490: 5f6f 7574 7075 747f 3138 3033 3438 0a4e _output.180348.N\n+000014a0: 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f7f 3138 ode: terminfo.18\n+000014b0: 3130 3139 0a4e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 1019.Node: Comma\n+000014c0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+000014d0: 7f31 3832 3330 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5b7f .182306.Node: [.\n+000014e0: 3138 3734 3433 0a4e 6f64 653a 2061 6370 187443.Node: acp\n+000014f0: 697f 3138 3736 3134 0a4e 6f64 653a 2061 i.187614.Node: a\n+00001500: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 657f 3138 3838 uthenticate.1888\n+00001510: 3836 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 86.Node: backgro\n+00001520: 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 727f 3138 3933 3036 und_color.189306\n+00001530: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e .Node: backgroun\n+00001540: 645f 696d 6167 657f 3138 3939 3638 0a4e d_image.189968.N\n+00001550: 6f64 653a 2062 6164 7261 6d7f 3139 3035 ode: badram.1905\n+00001560: 3039 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 09.Node: blockli\n+00001570: 7374 7f31 3931 3838 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 st.191884.Node: \n+00001580: 626f 6f74 7f31 3932 3130 330a 4e6f 6465 boot.192103.Node\n+00001590: 3a20 6361 747f 3139 3234 3130 0a4e 6f64 : cat.192410.Nod\n+000015a0: 653a 2063 6c65 6172 7f31 3933 3338 370a e: clear.193387.\n+000015b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e7f Node: cmosclean.\n+000015c0: 3139 3335 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 193550.Node: cmo\n+000015d0: 7364 756d 707f 3139 3338 3339 0a4e 6f64 sdump.193839.Nod\n+000015e0: 653a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 747f 3139 3431 e: cmostest.1941\n+000015f0: 3139 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 7f31 3934 19.Node: cmp.194\n+00001600: 3436 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 462.Node: config\n+00001610: 6669 6c65 7f31 3935 3231 370a 4e6f 6465 file.195217.Node\n+00001620: 3a20 6370 7569 647f 3139 3536 3331 0a4e : cpuid.195631.N\n+00001630: 6f64 653a 2063 7263 7f31 3936 3139 390a ode: crc.196199.\n+00001640: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e Node: cryptomoun\n+00001650: 747f 3139 3634 3636 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 t.196466.Node: c\n+00001660: 7574 6d65 6d7f 3139 3837 3336 0a4e 6f64 utmem.198736.Nod\n+00001670: 653a 2064 6174 657f 3139 3936 3034 0a4e e: date.199604.N\n+00001680: 6f64 653a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 657f ode: devicetree.\n+00001690: 3230 3031 3333 0a4e 6f64 653a 2064 6973 200133.Node: dis\n+000016a0: 7472 7573 747f 3230 3036 3630 0a4e 6f64 trust.200660.Nod\n+000016b0: 653a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 707f 3230 3134 e: drivemap.2014\n+000016c0: 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6368 6f7f 3230 46.Node: echo.20\n+000016d0: 3232 3833 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 7465 2283.Node: efite\n+000016e0: 7874 6d6f 6465 7f32 3033 3235 380a 4e6f xtmode.203258.No\n+000016f0: 6465 3a20 6576 616c 7f32 3035 3439 320a de: eval.205492.\n+00001700: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 7f32 3035 Node: export.205\n+00001710: 3736 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 657f 767.Node: false.\n+00001720: 3230 3630 3637 0a4e 6f64 653a 2066 7773 206067.Node: fws\n+00001730: 6574 7570 7f32 3036 3335 360a 4e6f 6465 etup.206356.Node\n+00001740: 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f7f 3230 3637 3035 : gdbinfo.206705\n+00001750: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 6574 7465 7874 7f32 .Node: gettext.2\n+00001760: 3037 3234 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6770 7473 07244.Node: gpts\n+00001770: 796e 637f 3230 3736 3930 0a4e 6f64 653a ync.207690.Node:\n+00001780: 2068 616c 747f 3230 3836 3332 0a4e 6f64 halt.208632.Nod\n+00001790: 653a 2068 6173 6873 756d 7f32 3039 3031 e: hashsum.20901\n+000017a0: 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 7f32 3130 2.Node: help.210\n+000017b0: 3331 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 7864 756d 313.Node: hexdum\n+000017c0: 707f 3231 3037 3636 0a4e 6f64 653a 2069 p.210766.Node: i\n+000017d0: 6e73 6d6f 647f 3231 3133 3833 0a4e 6f64 nsmod.211383.Nod\n+000017e0: 653a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 7f32 3131 e: keystatus.211\n+000017f0: 3538 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 589.Node: list_e\n+00001800: 6e76 7f32 3132 3231 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 nv.212214.Node: \n+00001810: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 7f32 3132 list_trusted.212\n+00001820: 3536 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 569.Node: load_e\n+00001830: 6e76 7f32 3133 3134 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 nv.213145.Node: \n+00001840: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 7f32 3134 3833 310a loadfont.214831.\n+00001850: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 7f32 Node: loopback.2\n+00001860: 3135 3139 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 7f32 15195.Node: ls.2\n+00001870: 3135 3738 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 15787.Node: lsfo\n+00001880: 6e74 737f 3231 3633 3134 0a4e 6f64 653a nts.216314.Node:\n+00001890: 206c 736d 6f64 7f32 3136 3438 310a 4e6f lsmod.216481.No\n+000018a0: 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 7f32 3136 3635 de: md5sum.21665\n+000018b0: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7f32 6.Node: module.2\n+000018c0: 3136 3932 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 16928.Node: mult\n+000018d0: 6962 6f6f 747f 3231 3732 3235 0a4e 6f64 iboot.217225.Nod\n+000018e0: 653a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b7f 3231 e: nativedisk.21\n+000018f0: 3833 3233 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 8323.Node: norma\n+00001900: 6c7f 3231 3837 3037 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e l.218707.Node: n\n+00001910: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 7f32 3139 3437 ormal_exit.21947\n+00001920: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 5.Node: parttool\n+00001930: 7f32 3139 3738 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 .219782.Node: pa\n+00001940: 7373 776f 7264 7f32 3231 3330 390a 4e6f ssword.221309.No\n+00001950: 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b de: password_pbk\n+00001960: 6466 327f 3232 3135 3736 0a4e 6f64 653a df2.221576.Node:\n+00001970: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 747f 3232 3139 plainmount.2219\n+00001980: 3739 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 79.Node: plainmo\n+00001990: 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f 3232 unt-Footnotes.22\n+000019a0: 3537 3431 0a52 6566 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 5741.Ref: plainm\n+000019b0: 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 317f ount-Footnote-1.\n+000019c0: 3232 3538 3036 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 225806.Node: pla\n+000019d0: 797f 3232 3538 3937 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 y.225897.Node: p\n+000019e0: 726f 6265 7f32 3236 3632 350a 4e6f 6465 robe.226625.Node\n+000019f0: 3a20 7264 6d73 727f 3232 3730 3936 0a4e : rdmsr.227096.N\n+00001a00: 6f64 653a 2072 6561 647f 3232 3738 3638 ode: read.227868\n+00001a10: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 747f 3232 .Node: reboot.22\n+00001a20: 3833 3131 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6567 6578 8311.Node: regex\n+00001a30: 707f 3232 3834 3739 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 p.228479.Node: r\n+00001a40: 6d6d 6f64 7f32 3239 3031 310a 4e6f 6465 mmod.229011.Node\n+00001a50: 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 7f32 3239 3138 : save_env.22918\n+00001a60: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 7f32 9.Node: search.2\n+00001a70: 3330 3230 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6e64 30206.Node: send\n+00001a80: 6b65 797f 3233 3138 3230 0a4e 6f64 653a key.231820.Node:\n+00001a90: 2073 6574 7f32 3338 3333 340a 4e6f 6465 set.238334.Node\n+00001aa0: 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d7f 3233 3837 3436 : sha1sum.238746\n+00001ab0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d .Node: sha256sum\n+00001ac0: 7f32 3339 3032 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 .239024.Node: sh\n+00001ad0: 6135 3132 7375 6d7f 3233 3933 3136 0a4e a512sum.239316.N\n+00001ae0: 6f64 653a 2073 6c65 6570 7f32 3339 3630 ode: sleep.23960\n+00001af0: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 7f32 6.Node: smbios.2\n+00001b00: 3430 3131 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f 7572 40119.Node: sour\n+00001b10: 6365 7f32 3433 3138 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ce.243183.Node: \n+00001b20: 7465 7374 7f32 3433 3732 390a 4e6f 6465 test.243729.Node\n+00001b30: 3a20 7472 7565 7f32 3436 3630 330a 4e6f : true.246603.No\n+00001b40: 6465 3a20 7472 7573 747f 3234 3638 3832 de: trust.246882\n+00001b50: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2075 6e73 6574 7f32 3437 .Node: unset.247\n+00001b60: 3638 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 685.Node: verify\n+00001b70: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 647f 3234 3738 3834 _detached.247884\n+00001b80: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f .Node: videoinfo\n+00001b90: 7f32 3438 3932 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 .248928.Node: wr\n+00001ba0: 6d73 727f 3234 3931 3931 0a4e 6f64 653a msr.249191.Node:\n+00001bb0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+00001bc0: 616e 6473 7f32 3439 3936 370a 4e6f 6465 ands.249967.Node\n+00001bd0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 7f32 : net_add_addr.2\n+00001be0: 3531 3034 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 51040.Node: net_\n+00001bf0: 6164 645f 646e 737f 3235 3135 3634 0a4e add_dns.251564.N\n+00001c00: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 ode: net_add_rou\n+00001c10: 7465 7f32 3531 3834 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 te.251840.Node: \n+00001c20: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 707f 3235 3233 3638 net_bootp.252368\n+00001c30: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 .Node: net_del_a\n+00001c40: 6464 727f 3235 3237 3333 0a4e 6f64 653a ddr.252733.Node:\n+00001c50: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 7f32 3532 net_del_dns.252\n+00001c60: 3937 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 973.Node: net_de\n+00001c70: 6c5f 726f 7574 657f 3235 3332 3230 0a4e l_route.253220.N\n+00001c80: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 707f 3235 ode: net_dhcp.25\n+00001c90: 3334 3534 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f67 3454.Node: net_g\n+00001ca0: 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 7f32 et_dhcp_option.2\n+00001cb0: 3535 3532 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 55529.Node: net_\n+00001cc0: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 667f 3235 ipv6_autoconf.25\n+00001cd0: 3630 3330 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 6030.Node: net_l\n+00001ce0: 735f 6164 6472 7f32 3536 3435 350a 4e6f s_addr.256455.No\n+00001cf0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 de: net_ls_cards\n+00001d00: 7f32 3536 3730 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .256703.Node: ne\n+00001d10: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 7f32 3536 3933 390a t_ls_dns.256939.\n+00001d20: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 Node: net_ls_rou\n+00001d30: 7465 737f 3235 3731 3730 0a4e 6f64 653a tes.257170.Node:\n+00001d40: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 707f 3235 net_nslookup.25\n+00001d50: 3733 3737 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f73 7377.Node: net_s\n+00001d60: 6574 5f76 6c61 6e7f 3235 3736 3832 0a4e et_vlan.257682.N\n+00001d70: 6f64 653a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 ode: Undocumente\n+00001d80: 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f32 3538 3134 d commands.25814\n+00001d90: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 5.Node: Internat\n+00001da0: 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 7f32 3633 ionalisation.263\n+00001db0: 3835 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 7269 857.Node: Securi\n+00001dc0: 7479 7f32 3730 3639 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ty.270697.Node: \n+00001dd0: 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 Authentication a\n+00001de0: 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e nd authorisation\n+00001df0: 7f32 3731 3237 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 .271273.Node: Us\n+00001e00: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n+00001e10: 6174 7572 6573 7f32 3734 3436 390a 4e6f atures.274469.No\n+00001e20: 6465 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 de: UEFI secure \n+00001e30: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d7f 3237 boot and shim.27\n+00001e40: 3738 3335 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 7835.Node: Secur\n+00001e50: 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 e Boot Advanced \n+00001e60: 5461 7267 6574 696e 677f 3237 3930 3134 Targeting.279014\n+00001e70: 0a4e 6f64 653a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 .Node: Measured \n+00001e80: 426f 6f74 7f32 3830 3035 330a 4e6f 6465 Boot.280053.Node\n+00001e90: 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 7f32 3832 3035 : Lockdown.28205\n+00001ea0: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 5.Node: Platform\n+00001eb0: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 7f32 3832 limitations.282\n+00001ec0: 3535 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 556.Node: Platfo\n+00001ed0: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 rm-specific oper\n+00001ee0: 6174 696f 6e73 7f32 3930 3536 350a 4e6f ations.290565.No\n+00001ef0: 6465 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 de: Supported ke\n+00001f00: 726e 656c 737f 3239 3136 3536 0a4e 6f64 rnels.291656.Nod\n+00001f10: 653a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 e: Troubleshooti\n+00001f20: 6e67 7f32 3939 3239 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ng.299293.Node: \n+00001f30: 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 GRUB only offers\n+00001f40: 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c7f a rescue shell.\n+00001f50: 3239 3935 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 299562.Node: Fir\n+00001f60: 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 mware stalls ins\n+00001f70: 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 tead of booting \n+00001f80: 4752 5542 7f33 3033 3739 300a 4e6f 6465 GRUB.303790.Node\n+00001f90: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n+00001fa0: 6c69 7469 6573 7f33 3034 3432 310a 4e6f lities.304421.No\n+00001fb0: 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 de: Invoking gru\n+00001fc0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c7f 3330 3531 3532 b-install.305152\n+00001fd0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 .Node: Invoking \n+00001fe0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 677f 3330 grub-mkconfig.30\n+00001ff0: 3733 3735 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 7375.Node: Invok\n+00002000: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing grub-mkpassw\n+00002010: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 7f33 3038 3035 370a d-pbkdf2.308057.\n+00002020: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n+00002030: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 687f 3330 rub-mkrelpath.30\n+00002040: 3837 3639 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 8769.Node: Invok\n+00002050: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n+00002060: 657f 3330 3935 3931 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 e.309591.Node: I\n+00002070: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 nvoking grub-mou\n+00002080: 6e74 7f33 3131 3434 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 nt.311449.Node: \n+00002090: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 Invoking grub-pr\n+000020a0: 6f62 657f 3331 3436 3033 0a4e 6f64 653a obe.314603.Node:\n+000020b0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 Invoking grub-s\n+000020c0: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b7f 3331 3733 cript-check.3173\n+000020d0: 3636 0a4e 6f64 653a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 66.Node: Obtaini\n+000020e0: 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 ng and Building \n+000020f0: 4752 5542 7f33 3138 3132 330a 4e6f 6465 GRUB.318123.Node\n+00002100: 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 : Reporting bugs\n+00002110: 7f33 3139 3336 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4675 .319368.Node: Fu\n+00002120: 7475 7265 7f33 3232 3139 320a 4e6f 6465 ture.322192.Node\n+00002130: 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d : Copying This M\n+00002140: 616e 7561 6c7f 3332 3235 3932 0a4e 6f64 anual.322592.Nod\n+00002150: 653a 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 e: GNU Free Docu\n+00002160: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n+00002170: 657f 3332 3238 3230 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 e.322820.Node: I\n+00002180: 6e64 6578 7f33 3435 3231 320a 1f0a 456e ndex.345212...En\n+00002190: 6420 5461 6720 5461 626c 650a 0a1f 0a4c d Tag Table....L\n+000021a0: 6f63 616c 2056 6172 6961 626c 6573 3a0a ocal Variables:.\n+000021b0: 636f 6469 6e67 3a20 7574 662d 380a 456e coding: utf-8.En\n+000021c0: 643a 0a d:.\n"}]}]}]}]}]}